"Jammin' Jimmy" Weinert was a pioneering motocross and Supercross champion during the early years of the sport in America. In the 1970s, Weinert won a total of 22 AMA nationals races and three AMA championships during his 11-year professional racing career. In November of 1973, Weinert became the first American to beat the international riders in the Trans-AMA Motocross Series. That victory marked one of the turning points that brought American motocross up to par with the then-dominant Europeans.
Weinert was born on August 14, 1951 in Middletown, New York. His father, Albert, was a motorcycle dealer, and Jimmy started riding motorcycles when he was 6, along with his two brothers.
Weinert was more than ready when he started racing. His dad said he could race only after he was strong enough to do 100 push-ups. The youngster soon managed 75, and dad conceded. As an amateur, he won the first 23 races he entered! Needless to say, it didn't take long for Weinert to turn expert.
In addition to his obvious skills in scrambles and motocross, Weinert showed equal talent in dirt-track racing. Weinert was a leading dirt tracker as an amateur and traveled the circuit for a time with legendary AMA Grand National racer Gary Nixon. Weinert looked to be on a sure path to fame in dirt-track racing before he suffered a couple of bad injuries flat-tracking and decided to concentrate on the burgeoning sort of motocross.
Weinert recorded some impressive results at the very beginning of AMA-sanctioned motocross racing. He turned pro in 1970. In November of that year, he finished the top American (seventh overall) at the Trans-AMA race in Franklin, Georgia, riding a CZ. In the Inter-AMA Series, Weinert notched top-10 rankings in 1971 and 1972. Also in 1972, Weinert finished runner-up in the AMA 250cc National Motocross Championships to Yamaha teammate Gary Jones.
Weinert gained a reputation on the circuit as "the life of the party." He played guitar and loved to stay up late into the night at the track, sitting around a campfire and entertaining his fans with impromptu performances complete with wacky songs he would make up as he sang them. His fans loved it. He also loved to try to psych-out his competition. Some say Weinert was the original trash taker, but Weinert claims that his psych-jobs were an art form.
"Tony D (DiStefano) and I were big rivals and we seemed to have more than our share of on-track confrontations," Weinert recalls with a smile. "Once he came up and told me I'd better move over the next time he's behind me. Now Tony D was a big boy and he intimidated a lot of people, me included. But of course I didn't let him know that. I proceeded to tear into him and tell him that if he ever tried to use me as a berm that I would make sure he would never do it again. In my rant I threatened a lot of other stuff too, and when we lined up for the next moto he was so mad he couldn't even concentrate. He was so worked up. He fell off a couple of times chasing me."
His nickname, "Jammin' Jimmy," or "The Jammer," came from then-editor of Cycle News Gary Van Voorhis. During a Florida winter national race, Weinert got a bad start and quickly moved up the field, or, as Van Voorhis described it, "He jammed his way to the front." The next week's headline read "Jammin' Jimmy" and the nickname stuck.
The breakthrough win for Weinert came on November 4, 1973, at a muddy motocross track in Houston. There, amid many of the finest motocross racers in the world, Weinert made motocross history when he rode his factory Kawasaki to victory to become the first American to win a Trans-AMA.
Weinert had just celebrated his finest hour, but in a cruel twist of fate he quickly suffered one of the low points of his career. At Phoenix, Arizona, just a week after his Houston win, the throttle on Weinert's bike stuck open. It threw him off, then flipped up into the crowd, critically injuring two spectators. He then crashed and broke his collarbone in the race, which ended his season.
Weinert regained momentum in 1974 and had a brilliant season, at one point winning four AMA 500cc motocross nationals in a row en route to winning the championship. He came back again and defended his title in 1975. A fractured knee kept Weinert from winning his third straight 500cc title in 1976.
Weinert had just gotten out of the cast from the broken knee two weeks before the AMA Supercross finale in Los Angeles in July of 1976. Riding in pain, Weinert still managed to finish well enough (eighth) to wrap up the 1976 AMA Supercross Championship. In three seasons Weinert had won three national championships, making him one of the elite motocross/Supercross racers of his era.
Weinert's results dropped off after winning the Supercross title in 1976. Weinert said injuries and his off-track lifestyle began taking a toll on his performance. However, when he decided to fully concentrate on racing, Weinert could come up with great performances. An example of this was in 1977 when he won the Los Angeles Supercross.
In 1979, Weinert's last full year on the circuit, he managed to rally and turn in a solid season. He won the Supercross season opener that year in Oakland in one of the most memorable races in the history of the series. What made it especially memorable was the fact that Weinert won that race wearing a heavy neck brace and his bike was shod with a rear paddle tire. Naturally, with his reputation as a rider who like to psych-out his competition, before the race his fellow riders thought that the paddle tire and the neck brace were nothing more than Weinert going to extreme measures to break their concentration. But Weinert says the whole thing was legitimate.
"I had crashed practicing that week and my neck was in serious pain," Weinert says. "Trainer Dean Miller made a neck brace for me out of towels and shoe strings. The paddle tire was Roy Turner's idea. He looked at the track and saw that it had a ton of sand. I remember riding down the concrete ramp before the start and the vibrations from that paddle tire was rattling my neck. I thought, 'What have I gotten myself into?' And then I went out and won the race and it was crazy. The AMA was trying to ban the tire and Dunlop was trying to put stickers all over my bike."
He then went on to win the Daytona Supercross final, which proved to be his final win. In that race he fell in the first turn and charged back through the field and passed Bob Hannah on the last lap to take a dramatic victory. He finished second to Hannah in the AMA Supercross championships that year.
Weinert finished his pro career in 1980 riding for an underfunded Can-Am team.
Weinert never left racing. After leaving the pros he raced vintage and age-category events and continued winning.


Vancouver, BC, September 21, 2018--(T-Net)--Spatial Research and Design, a digital product design consultancy, announced today the launch of Canada's first independent research lab focused on the human impacts of emerging technologies such as Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR).
The tech sector has come under fire for lack of accountability around the negative impacts of technology and needs to increase focus on understanding the human and social impacts of technology as part of the design process.
"Much focus is on technology and devices," said Elynn Lorimer, CEO of Spatial. "We are choosing to focus on the human side - how these emerging technologies will be used in the real world, how they will impact behaviour, learning and social connectedness."
Spatial's Human Impact Research Lab, located in Vancouver, BC, will support one of the fastest growing VR/AR hubs in the world, working with app developers to bring human insights and ethical considerations into the design of their products.
To better understand the unique challenges of researching and testing immersive experiences, Spatial has been working for over a year in partnership with UBC's Brain Attention and Reality Lab (BAR Lab), led by Alan Kingstone, Professor of Psychology. The partnership brings post doctorates and undergraduate interns together with Spatial's team of researchers to solve problems, build knowledge and develop ethical research capabilities.
Spatial's lab is located in the city centre, and is equipped to conduct research and testing on a variety of devices including Oculus, Microsoft HoloLens, and other head mounted displays. Spatial also has access to the UBC BAR Lab's facilities, which include a range of other devices, tools and capabilities.
About Spatial Research and Design Inc.
Spatial is research and design consultancy specializing in digital product innovation. Founded in 2012, Spatial's mission is to bring human-centred design practices to large organizations to explore product ideas, solve problems and create exceptional digital experiences. Led by business partners Elynn Lorimer and Sheila Mackenzie, Spatial has a talented team of 10 full time researchers and designers and an extended network of contractors and technology partners.
Spatial's client base includes major global tech players (Microsoft, Facebook, Oculus, Samsung) as well as large organizations including clients from public sector (BC Hydro, BC Liquor, BC Lotteries, BC Government, City of Vancouver) and private sector (Glassdoor, SFU Beedie School of Business, Vancouver Airport Authority, and many others).
Spatial is a leader in the digital design community, an active member of the VR/AR Association and founding organizer for a major research event, the Radical Research Summit (radicalresearchsummit.com). This one-day event, on Friday, September 28th, 2018, brings together research practitioners from across Canada and the Cascade corridor to share best practices in product design research.
At Spatial, it is our mission to bring human-centred design practices to large organizations to support innovation.


Winning one national title is something that most schools dream about. Actually winning two? That's an impressive accomplishment for sure. Want to know what would be a more impressive one--winning three.
The South Carolina Gamecocks were definitely behind the eight ball when it came to winning a third national title. They only returned three everyday players from the 2011 squad. They were not very good in their own conference this season going 18-11. As the No 8 seed going into Omaha the expectations were not high for them.
Against the odds they managed to fight there way back into the finals for a third straight year. Their opponent--the Arizona Wildcats. Unlike the Gamecocks who limped into the NCAA Tournament losing five of their last seven games (including the SEC tournament), the Wildcats were red hot to end the season, and have remained hot through the tournament.
The Gamecocks got a pretty good taste of how good the Wildcats are in Game One of the best of three series Sunday. The offense could not do much against pitcher Konner Wade who threw his third straight complete game as the Wildcats won 5-1.
South Carolina had it easy the last two years sweeping UCLA and Florida. If they are going to have a chance to three-peat they will have to find a way to do something with what offense they are able to generate; they only got six hits off Wade and one run.
Game Two is tonight at 8P ET.
Alright, Who Ordered the Sarah Hyland Cleavage Pictures?
Ego Trip? No, Euro Trip!


text:
Q: GroupBy from relations using laravel eloquent I have TypeOfVehicle model that has many Vehicle.
How can I group all vehicles by type of vehicle name with counts to get something like this
[
   'Sedan'     => 10,
   'SUV'       => 25,
   'Crossover' => 5
]

A: You can use
$counts = DB::table('tablename')
                 ->select('TypeOfVehicle', DB::raw('count(*) as total'))
                 ->groupBy('TypeOfVehicle')
                 ->get();

A: Counting Related Models
If you want to count the number of results from a relationship without actually loading them you may use the withCount method, which will place a {relation}_count column on your resulting models.
$typeOfVehicles = App\TypeOfVehicle::withCount('vehicles')->get();

foreach ($typeOfVehicles as $typeOfVehicle) {
    echo $typeOfVehicle->vehicles_count;
}

A: Try this it gives you your solution
$vehicle=Vehicle::all();
        $grouped = $vehicle->groupBy(function ($item, $key) {
            return substr($item['that_coloumn_name_like_type'], 0);
        });
        $groupCount = $grouped->map(function ($item, $key) {
            return collect($item)->count();
        });
//dd($groupCount);  to check it work correctly

A: I assume you have eloquent relation type in Vehicle model, e.g.:
public function type()
{
    return $this->belongsTo('\App\TypeOfVehicle');
}

So, you can get you data this way:
$result = Vehicle::select('vehicle_type_id', DB::raw('count(vehicle_type_id) as cnt'))
    ->with('type') // with your type relation
    ->groupBy('vehicle_type_id') // group by type of vehicle
    ->get() // get collection from database
    ->pluck('cnt', 'type.name') // get only needful data
    ->toArray(); // cast to array if necessary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Thank you for that link, Swampfeotus, very helpful. Also, Shirow, i meant to add Xorcist to my previous entry.
Yeah, i ALMOST made that mistake before. Then i remembered that nifty search function you added in the revamp of the site, which again, is awesome.
Dust is Noise and Alter Der Ruine. Can't beleve it's the same guys.
i see that we (we meaning you Shirow) are playing Gary Numan! may i suggest the album 'Hybrid'? The title track is especially good.
EBM, Synth pop, Industry and Future Pop. *Me Like*!
yeah, never mind on that. i was in a hurry and didn't look it up on the RIAA site. Guess i made a poor assumption that that album would be safe as well. Too bad it is not.
More songs from these artists please!
EDIT: I came, I saw ambiguous thread title, and I posted. Removed VAC, Suicide Commando, Combichrist, and Tactical Sekt from the list. But an increase in air-time from these artists would still be nice.
I think you mean, "More songs from Amduscia, please!". With the exception of them, all those bands have an average of 25 songs each in the playlist, which is basically every track they've ever made.
This thread makes me feel like I'm at work.


text:
Tag: Mark Oberstaedt
On April 14, 2013 April 13, 2013 By GretchenIn Room Two ProductionsLeave a comment
Mark your calendar for these opportunities to attend live events as they're taped for future Inside Music Today airings.
On Wednesday, April 17th, IMT will be taping for the show with Howard Durann's Bucks County Open Mic Night, at Dave & Buster's, 1995 Franklin Mills Circle, Philadelphia. The night will get started around 8PM. Come on down and enjoy the evening, and if you would like to perform on Inside Music Today, sign up for future TV tapings.
On Sunday, May 5 we'll host our first acoustic In Concert Road Show at the Shamrock Pub, Reed & 2nd Street in Center City, Philly. How lucky were we to have the show there on Cinco de Mayo! I hope our fans will make the effort to come out and support this first show featuring Mike & Flora, the acoustic version of If All Else Fails, Cory Walters and Angel Casiano. We also have other surprises in store, so come out and join us for a really special event!
Our 19th Anniversary Concert is slated for Saturday, June 8! The date, June 8, is exactly 19 years to the day of the first Inside Music Today broadcast! This concert will feature 4 young and talented bands, No Commitment, If All Else Fails, Half Daze, Volt and more!
With the assistance of Mark Oberstaedt, one of the dads of the No Commitment band, we have secured Croft Farm in Cherry Hill, NJ for the venue for our 19th Anniversary Concert. Thank you Mark for all your help. This would not be a reality without you!
Don't miss these great live events–come on out and bring a friend!
On April 13, 2013 By GretchenIn Room Two ProductionsLeave a comment
This week's TV show features a band from England, The Black Feathers. I am so grateful we were invited by Dr. Lou to record Ray & Sian at Dr. Lou's Place on Easter Sunday. They are a wonderfully talented duo and great people. You won't want to miss this show and their incredible harmony. Plus in the interview, you'll love the British accents!
We also have a message song from our producer Bill with Artisan, warning to not drink & drive. Then we will get you in the mood for our upcoming anniversary concert with a new song from No Commitment. Yes, Bill has decided to turn the concert with 4 young bands into our 19th Anniversary Concert! And the date is June 8, exactly 19 years to the day of the first Inside Music Today broadcast! With the assistance of Mark Oberstaedt, one of the dads of the No Commitment band, we have secured Croft Farm in Cherry Hill, NJ for the venue. Thank you Mark for all your help. This would not be a reality without you!
Our April 20th show has performances by Count Josephine Band, John Cantamessa, Dave Weber with Donna Delany, Box of Roxx and Dr. Lou & the Privileged Few.
Be sure to patronize our sponsors who help keep original local music on the air!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cost of Island Plan (FOI)
What was the total cost to produce the current Island Plan?
What is the budget for producing the next Island Plan?
In the previous Island Plan, the category H4 existed (sites for future housing development). In the current Island Plan that category was removed. Why?
The current Island Plan (the Revised 2011 Island Plan) was first prepared in 2011 where costs, which included those of communication and engagement; the preparation and publication of a range of reports; the costs of engaging independent planning inspectors to hold an Examination in Public; and some internal costs, amounted to £358,071.88
Parts of the plan were the subject of an interim review in 2014 (see the following link):
2011 Island Plan Interim Review
External costs for this interim review, which primarily involved the costs of engaging independent planning inspectors to hold a further Examination in Public, amounted to £131,428.32.
Funding of £350,000 has been secured to support the work required to undertake the Island Plan Review. See Ministerial Decision TR-2018-0131 at the following link:
MD -TR-2018-0131
The last comprehensive Island Plan Review, undertaken in 2011, relied upon a range of earlier studies (such Countryside Character Appraisal, undertaken in 1999; the St Helier Urban Character Appraisal, undertaken in 2005; and the Mineral Strategy, commissioned in 1999), which are now out-of-date, and need to be reviewed to ensure that the new Island Plan has a sound and robust evidence base. We also propose to widen the scope of the Island Plan beyond that undertaken in 2011, to ensure that it meets new States of Jersey objectives such as putting children first and responding to the climate change emergency. We want more Islanders to get involved with the plan-making process to ensure that we have a new Island Plan that best reflects the community's aspirations and needs and will need to invest in better communication and engagement. We also want the plan-making process to be quicker, and we will need to secure some additional help to enable us to do this.
In light of all of this, we have sought to secure additional funding of £650,000 for the Island Plan Review. Such additional funding is detailed within the Government Plan on page 205:
Proposed Island Plan 2020-2023
Policy H4 of the 2002 Island Plan sought to safeguard sites for future Category A housing needs (see 8.25-8.26):
2002 Island Plan: Housing
The strategic approach to delivering affordable housing was changed in the 2011 Island Plan when the States Assembly approved Policy H3, which sought to secure a proportion of affordable housing to be provided on private residential development sites where they met specified criteria (see the Housing Chapter of the 2011 Island Plan):
There was considerable discussion about the approach to delivering housing at the Examination in Public held into the review of the Island Plan in 2010-2011: this is set out in the Inspectors' Report to the Minister, which can be found on pages 50 - 71 at the following link:
Report to the Minister for Planning and Environment
Policy H3 of the 2011 Island Plan was not, however, implemented. In July 2014, the States Assembly adopted a revised approach to the delivery of affordable homes which is set out in the current Revised 2011 Island Plan - see the polices and proposals of the Housing Chapter of the current Island Plan at the following link:
Revised 2011 Island Plan
Article 23 Information accessible to applicant by other means
(1) Information is absolutely exempt information if it is reasonably available to the applicant, otherwise than under this Law, whether or not free of charge.
(2) A scheduled public authority that refuses an application for information on this ground must make reasonable efforts to inform the applicant where the applicant may obtain the information.


Organizations across the country are reporting a rise in mental health and substance abuse issues among workers. While employers are challenged with measuring the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse, they are aware of the impact these issues play on worker performance and health care costs and are responding by providing a range of preventive and treatment options.
The International Foundation's Mental Health and Substance Abuse Benefits: 2018 Survey Results report examines the current state of mental health and substance abuse in the workplace and how employers are taking action.
Sixty percent of U.S. and Canadian organizations are noticing an uptick in mental illness and substance abuse compared to two years ago. Forty percent of organizations report their participants are very or extremely stressed, and almost 40% say stress levels are higher now compared with two years ago.
Nonmember can purchase a copy of the report from the Foundation Bookstore.
Mental Health and Substance Abuse: 2018 Survey Results reveals the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse issues in the workplace, the extent to which they impact the workplace, range and prevalence of medical coverage, and help provided to participants by employers, as well as some reasons behavioral health services are underutilized. Responses were received from 278 organizations in the United States and Canada. Surveys were received from single employers/corporations, public/government plans and multiemployer plans representing organizations of different sizes, industries and jurisdictions.


text:
Q: Characterization of minimizer of a convex function on convex set I'm proving the following theorem:

Let $\mathcal{D} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{p}$ be non-empty closed convex and $f:\mathbb{R}^{p} \to \mathbb R_+$ be continuously differentiable and convex. Let $$x^\star=\underset{x \in \mathcal D}{\text{arg min}} \, f(x)$$ Prove that $$\forall v \in \mathcal{D}: \quad\left\langle\nabla f\left(x^{\star}\right), v-x^{\star}\right\rangle \ge 0$$

$\textbf{My attempt}$
We have $f$ is convex and differentiable implies for all $y \in \mathcal D$, $f(y) \ge f(x^\star)+\langle\nabla f(x^\star), y-x^\star\rangle$. Substitute $y=2x^\star-v$, we get $\langle\nabla f(x^\star), v-x^\star\rangle \ge f(x^\star)- f(2x^\star-v)$
Then I'm stuck because $f(x^\star)- f(2x^\star-v) \le 0$ for all $v \in \mathcal D$.
Update:
If $x^\star$ is an interior point of $\mathcal D$, then $\nabla f(x^\star) = 0$. The claim then follows. The only problem is when $x^\star$ is in the boundary of $\mathcal D$.

How can I proceed to finish the proof? Thank you so much!

A: I've just figured out a proof and posted it here.

We need the following lemma:

$\textbf{Lemma} \quad$ If $f:[0,1] \to \mathbb R$ such that $f'(0^+) <0$, then $0$ is not a minimizer of $f$.

$\textbf{Proof} \quad$ We have $$f'(0) = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0} =\lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x} <0$$ It follows that there exists $1>a > 0$ such that $\frac{f(a)-f(0)}{a} <0$. Hence $f(a)<f(0)$. $\blacksquare$
Come back to our main problem. Assume there exists $v\in \mathcal D$ such that $\left\langle\nabla f\left(x^{\star}\right), v-x^{\star}\right\rangle < 0$. Let $\mathcal D'=\{tv +(1-t)x^{\star} \mid t \in [0,1]\}$. It follows from the convexity of $\mathcal D$ that $\mathcal D' \subseteq \mathcal D$. We define $$g:[0,1] \to \mathbb R, \quad t \mapsto f(tv +(1-t)x^{\star})$$ By chain rule, $\partial g(t) = \partial f (z) \circ \partial z (t)$ with $z = tv +(1-t)x^{\star}$. This means $\partial g(0) = \langle \nabla f (z(0)), v-x^{\star} \rangle = \left\langle\nabla f\left(x^{\star}\right), v-x^{\star}\right\rangle < 0$. By $\textbf{Lemma}$, $0$ is not a minimizer of $g$ and thus $x^{\star}$ is not a minimizer of $f$ on $\mathcal D' \subseteq \mathcal D$. This is a contradiction.

A: I think my previous solution is not correct because we only define derivative for an interior point. So $g$ is not differentiable at $0$ and thus we can not apply the chain rule. I have fixed it as follows:

We need the following lemma:

$\textbf{Lemma} \quad$ If $f:[0,1] \to \mathbb R$ such that $\partial f(0^+) <0$, then $0$ is not a minimizer of $f$.

$\textbf{Proof} \quad$ We have $$\partial f(0^+) = \lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x-0} =\lim_{x \to 0^+} \frac{f(x)-f(0)}{x} <0$$ It follows that there exists $1>a > 0$ such that $\frac{f(a)-f(0)}{a} <0$. Hence $f(a)<f(0)$. $\blacksquare$
Come back to our main problem. Assume there exists $v\in \mathcal D$ such that $\left\langle\nabla f\left(x^{\star}\right), v-x^{\star}\right\rangle < 0$. Let $\mathcal D'=\{tv +(1-t)x^{\star} \mid t \in [0,1]\}$. It follows from the convexity of $\mathcal D$ that $\mathcal D' \subseteq \mathcal D$.
Consider $$g:[0,1] \to \mathbb R, \quad t \mapsto f(tv +(1-t)x^{\star})$$ We have $$\begin{aligned} \partial g(0^+) &= \lim_{t \to 0^+} \frac{g(t)-g(0)}{t-0} &&= \lim_{t \to 0^+} \frac{f(tv +(1-t)x^{\star})-f(x^\star)}{t} \\ &= \lim_{t \to 0^+} \frac{f(t(v-x^{\star}) +x^{\star})-f(x^\star)}{t} &&= \lim_{t \to 0} \frac{f(t(v-x^{\star}) +x^{\star})-f(x^\star)}{t} \\ &= \partial_{v-x^\star}f(x^\star) &&= \partial f(x^\star)(v-x^\star) \\ &= \left\langle\nabla f\left(x^{\star}\right), v-x^{\star}\right\rangle <0\end{aligned}$$ By $\textbf{Lemma}$, $0$ is not a minimizer of $g$ and thus $x^{\star}$ is not a minimizer of $f$ on $\mathcal D' \subseteq \mathcal D$. This is a contradiction.


In this tutorial we're going to learn about using a 555 timer in astable mode. We've talked about the longevity of the venerable 555 timer and how its been around for almost 50 years at the time of this writing. It's an incredibly versatile little integrated circuit with many fantastic uses. In this tutorial we'll cover how to use the 555 timer to blink our blue LED. This will likely find its way into our R2-D2 build at some point in the future, so keep an eye out for that too!
Astable mode is by far the most common use a 555 timer and the one most people associate with it. The bistable and monostable modes should not be discounted, but the astable mode is where the magic is at.
Astable – This the most commonly used mode of the 555 timer. It cycles a repeating pulse of current for a specific amount of time. If you've ever seen a product that has some component that operates on a repeating cycle such as a flashing LED, there is a good chance that there is a 555 timer operating in astable mode behind the scenes. We'll go over astable mode in our example below.
Monostable – In this mode, the 555 timer outputs a pulse of current for a specific amount of time and then stops.
Bistable – This mode of the 555 timer is different than the other two in that it does not use a capacitor or resistor to set a timing pulse, rather inputs from the trigger and reset pins control its states.
Let's go over Astable mode. In Astable the 555 timer uses a resistor and capacitor to create a cycling function. In this mode we can create a circuit with a repeatable action. Astable mode is the most common mode that you'll find 555 timers used in. The values of the resistor and capacitor will determine the timing of this repeatable circuit. In our case we're going to cause an LED to flash on a repeating interval using astable mode.
To wire up the 555 timer for bistable operation, follow this wiring diagram.
In astable mode, the output PIN cycles form HIGH to LOW continuously. As you can see in the wiring diagram, both the threshold pin and the trigger pin are connected to the 100uF capacitor. Therefore the the voltage levels will be identical on the trigger pin, threshold pin, and the 100uF capacitor.
When the circuit first receives power, the voltage is LOW at the capacitor, the threshold pin, and the trigger pin. Remember, if the trigger pin voltage is LOW, the output is HIGH. With the discharge pin its off state, current is able to flow through the 5.1K ohm resistors which in turn charges our 100uF electrolytic capacitor.
When the capacitor's charge reaches two thirds of Vcc+, the output pin is deactivated. When the output pin is LOW, the discharge pin switches on causing the capacitor to drain to ground. Once the capacitor voltage drops to one-third of Vcc+, the trigger pin disables the discharge pin and the capacitor starts charging again.
Here's a quick GIF of using a 555 timer in astable mode. It's a great circuit that can be used in lots of projects.
The two 5.1K resistors and the 100uF capacitor can be changed to different values to speed up or slow down the rate at which the blue LED will blink. Additionally, you could use a potentiometer between pins 6 and 7 to make the circuit variable. Turning the knob on the potentiometer would control the blink rate of the blue LED.
We hope this tutorial has been easy to understand. If you have any questions or trouble making it work, give us a shout in the comments below and we'll try to help!


text:
Dolichoderus är ett släkte av myror. Dolichoderus ingår i familjen myror.

Dottertaxa till Dolichoderus, i alfabetisk ordning

 Dolichoderus abruptus
 Dolichoderus affectus
 Dolichoderus affinis
 Dolichoderus andinus
 Dolichoderus anglicus
 Dolichoderus angusticornis
 Dolichoderus anthracinus
 Dolichoderus antiquus
 Dolichoderus armstrongi
 Dolichoderus attelaboides
 Dolichoderus australis
 Dolichoderus baenae
 Dolichoderus balticus
 Dolichoderus beccarii
 Dolichoderus bidens
 Dolichoderus bispinosus
 Dolichoderus brevis
 Dolichoderus britannicus
 Dolichoderus bruneti
 Dolichoderus burmanicus
 Dolichoderus butteli
 Dolichoderus carbonarius
 Dolichoderus caribbaeus
 Dolichoderus clarki
 Dolichoderus clusor
 Dolichoderus cogitans
 Dolichoderus coniger
 Dolichoderus coquandi
 Dolichoderus cornutus
 Dolichoderus crawleyi
 Dolichoderus curvilobus
 Dolichoderus cuspidatus
 Dolichoderus debilis
 Dolichoderus decollatus
 Dolichoderus dentatus
 Dolichoderus dibolius
 Dolichoderus diversus
 Dolichoderus doloniger
 Dolichoderus doriae
 Dolichoderus elegans
 Dolichoderus epetreius
 Dolichoderus erectilobus
 Dolichoderus explicans
 Dolichoderus extensispinus
 Dolichoderus feae
 Dolichoderus fernandezi
 Dolichoderus ferrugineus
 Dolichoderus formosus
 Dolichoderus furcifer
 Dolichoderus gagates
 Dolichoderus germaini
 Dolichoderus ghilianii
 Dolichoderus gibbifer
 Dolichoderus gibbus
 Dolichoderus glauerti
 Dolichoderus goudiei
 Dolichoderus gurnetensis
 Dolichoderus haradae
 Dolichoderus imitator
 Dolichoderus indrapurensis
 Dolichoderus inermis
 Dolichoderus inpai
 Dolichoderus intermedius
 Dolichoderus jacobsoni
 Dolichoderus kutschlinicus
 Dolichoderus lactarius
 Dolichoderus lamellosus
 Dolichoderus laminatus
 Dolichoderus laotius
 Dolichoderus laurae
 Dolichoderus lobicornis
 Dolichoderus longicollis
 Dolichoderus longipennis
 Dolichoderus luederwaldti
 Dolichoderus lugens
 Dolichoderus lujae
 Dolichoderus lutosus
 Dolichoderus mariae
 Dolichoderus mesonotalis
 Dolichoderus mesosternalis
 Dolichoderus modiglianii
 Dolichoderus moggridgei
 Dolichoderus monoceros
 Dolichoderus mucronifer
 Dolichoderus nigricornis
 Dolichoderus nitidus
 Dolichoderus obliteratus
 Dolichoderus occidentalis
 Dolichoderus omacanthus
 Dolichoderus oviformis
 Dolichoderus ovigerus
 Dolichoderus parvus
 Dolichoderus passalomma
 Dolichoderus patens
 Dolichoderus piceus
 Dolichoderus plagiatus
 Dolichoderus primitivus
 Dolichoderus prolaminatus
 Dolichoderus pustulatus
 Dolichoderus quadridenticulatus
 Dolichoderus quadripunctatus
 Dolichoderus reflexus
 Dolichoderus rohweri
 Dolichoderus rosenbergi
 Dolichoderus rufescens
 Dolichoderus rugosus
 Dolichoderus satanus
 Dolichoderus scabridus
 Dolichoderus schulzi
 Dolichoderus scrobiculatus
 Dolichoderus sculpturatus
 Dolichoderus semirugosus
 Dolichoderus septemspinosus
 Dolichoderus setosus
 Dolichoderus shattucki
 Dolichoderus sibiricus
 Dolichoderus siggii
 Dolichoderus smithi
 Dolichoderus spinicollis
 Dolichoderus spurius
 Dolichoderus sulcaticeps
 Dolichoderus superaculus
 Dolichoderus taprobanae
 Dolichoderus taschenbergi
 Dolichoderus tauricus
 Dolichoderus tertiarius
 Dolichoderus thoracicus
 Dolichoderus tricolor
 Dolichoderus tricornis
 Dolichoderus tristis
 Dolichoderus tuberifer
 Dolichoderus turneri
 Dolichoderus validus
 Dolichoderus varians
 Dolichoderus vectensis
 Dolichoderus vexillarius
 Dolichoderus voraginosus
 Dolichoderus ypsilon

Bildgalleri

Källor

Externa länkar

Myror
Dolichoderus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Today's post will focus on a new book by my good friend, Bob Hostetler. Bob is an award-winning Christian author who has also co-written several books with Josh McDowell. As an avid lover of both the Bible and Shakespeare, Bob had a brainstorm, an "aha" moment, that resulted in this literary and readable devotional. Below is a review I wrote for Amazon and Goodreads. As Bob (and Shakespeare) would say, "Thou shouldst buy this book!" And I say it as well.
The Bard and the Bible is a wonderful and creative way to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death. This new devotional works on a number of levels. One of the first and most obvious is the language. The King James Version of the Bible is still one of the most used and best-loved. It's a natural to combine the insight of scripture to the insight of many of Shakespeare's characters, and in fact, is clear that this version of the Bible influenced much of Shakespeare's writing.
Each entry in this 365-day devotional follows a format that begins with a quote from one of the Bard's plays (as well as sometimes from one of his sonnets or other poems), followed by a verse of scripture that aligns with the quote. Next comes the devotion text which gives background into the play and/or character from which the first quote is taken and its context. It segues into the Bible verse and how it not only relates to the Shakespeare quote, but how it relates to and is relevant to one's daily life. The devotion ends with a thought-provoking question dealing with the issue at the heart of the devotion. Then comes what I consider to be a bonus; a short section of facts and trivia about Shakespeare himself, word trivia, modern incarnations of his plays, and more. A prayer as such is not included but the question at the end of each devotional entry leads the reader into reflection, self-examination, and prayer.
There is much to like about The Bard and the Bible. While still following the basic form of a devotional, Hostetler's approach is fresh, unique, and interesting. He pulls the Bard's quotes from each play in order of appearance so there is continuity within Shakespeare's works rather than random quotes from random plays. It provides another layer that will delight fans of the Bard. A third layer within The Bard and the Bible is the depth of Biblical truth and its applications. Christians will be challenged to daily obedience to Jesus and to lovingly act out their faith by using the godly principles Hostetler brings to remembrance. This book also gives a slice of insight into Shakespeare's faith and his great familiarity with scripture. It will resonate with any Christian who is a lover of literature and words. But more than that, The Bard and the Bible is a book that can be gifted to anyone interested in literature as a way to introduce them to God's truth and love.


The first of the U.S. Navy's next generation of aircraft carriers has set sail. The USS Gerald R. Ford has recently returned to Naval Station Norfolk of Virginia following a week of builder's trials. How did the advanced vessel fair upon hitting the seas and just what capabilities will it add to U.S. Naval operations?
The USS Gerald R. Ford underwent a range of evaluations over a period of seven days.
The crew, comprised of representatives from Huntington Ingalls Industries Shipbuilding, and the U.S. Navy's CVN Program Office and the Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Conversion and Repair, along with other experts, performed a series of trials to learn how many of the ship's functions performed on open water.
Dual Band Radar tracking of aircraft, electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS) "no load" cycles, and various small boat operations were demonstrated. High power runs and steering, as well as ahead flank turns, were also conducted and evaluated.
The capabilities of the Ford include accommodation of directed-energy lasers, electromagnetic rail guns, and other future weapons. It also contains a power plant with triple the power capacity of Nimitz-class aircraft carriers.
These, and other assets are meant to provide a serious update to the Navy's fleet. With the Pre-Commissioning Unit now on track to conduct acceptance trials and complete delivery to the Navy this spring, a full commission is expected this summer.
After delays and cost overruns, the USS Gerald R. Ford is nearly two years behind its previous completion estimate of September 2015 and $2.4 billion over its original quote of $10.5, but it's still expected to be a welcome upgrade.
Have thoughts to share on the upcoming USS Gerald R. Ford? Tell us what you think in the comments.


text:
import getopt
import os
import sys

import yaml

from sdcclient import SdSecureClient

#
# Parse arguments
#
def usage():
    print(('usage: %s [-l|--load <path>] [-t|--tag <tag>] [-c|--content <content>] <sysdig-token>' % sys.argv[0]))
    print('-l|--load: load the files to set from a set of files below <path> using load_default_rules_files().')
    print('-t|--tag: Set a tag for the set of files')
    print('-c|--content: the (single) file to set')
    print('if --load is specified, neither --tag nor --content can be specified')
    print('You can find your token at https://secure.sysdig.com/#/settings/user')
    sys.exit(1)

try:
    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "l:t:n:c:", ["load=", "tag=", "name=", "content="])
except getopt.GetoptError:
    usage()

load_dir = ""
tag = ""
cpath = ""
for opt, arg in opts:
    if opt in ("-l", "--load"):
        load_dir = arg
    elif opt in ("-t", "--tag"):
        tag = arg
    elif opt in ("-c", "--content"):
        cpath = arg

if load_dir != "" and (tag != "" or cpath != ""):
    usage()
#
# Parse arguments
#
if len(args) != 1:
    usage()

sdc_token = args[0]

#
# Instantiate the SDC client
#
sdclient = SdSecureClient(sdc_token, 'https://secure.sysdig.com')

files_obj = {}
if load_dir != "":
    print(("Loading falco rules files from {}...".format(load_dir)))
    ok, res = sdclient.load_default_falco_rules_files(load_dir)
    if ok:
        files_obj = res
    else:
        print(res)
        sys.exit(1)
else:
    with open(cpath, 'r') as content_file:
        content = content_file.read()
        required_engine_version = 0
        cyaml = yaml.safe_load(content)
        for obj in cyaml:
            if "required_engine_version" in obj:
                try:
                    required_engine_version = int(obj["required_engine_version"])
                except ValueError:
                    print(("Required engine version \"{}\" in content {} must be a number".format(
                        obj["required_engine_version"], cpath)))
                    sys.exit(1)
        files_obj = {
            "tag": tag,
            "files": [{
                "name": os.path.basename(cpath),
                "variants": {
                    "required_engine_version": required_engine_version,
                    "content": content
                }
            }]
        }

ok, res = sdclient.set_default_falco_rules_files(files_obj)

#
# Return the result
#
if ok:
    print('default falco rules files set successfully')
else:
    print(res)
    sys.exit(1)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This forum is for discussion of network probe related issues.
ken, your logic is flawed. You may have seen pcs with the netbios port open, but only because someone has manually opened the port. The fact that there is a machine with that port open doesn't mean its a windows pc either, it could be a linux box, a nas, or other things which support netbios. It tells you nothing really.
If you have a domain you can run a logon script to check for the presence of \windows\ltsvc. This is obviously not possible in a workgroup. You could have the situation where all machines could have their firewall blocking everything.
Scanning for ports will, at best, pick up misconfigured machines despite what you think you are managing to do. On many networks it will tell you that ip x.x.x.x is responding, but the mapping from that to a machine which is registered or not registered depends on how up to date dhcp is. The same machine can be registered via ethernet, wifi and vpn connections with three different ips. Addresses can fail to update in dns so the machine name may not correspond with the ip which is registered.
What *would* be nice would be something which did this for Active directory where we can be sure that the known machines should all either be in labtech or removed from active directory. I believe this is on the cards - don't know if its in 2013.1 or not.
ian.integra-xp wrote: Addresses can fail to update in dns so the machine name may not correspond with the ip which is registered.
That tends to be the reverse DNS zone not cleaning itself up I think. However, in my experience LabTech also tends to "latch on to" hostnames and the network list is not updated when a PC moves to a different IP or even when a different PC gets assigned the first IP. I have pointed out in the past this may result in less sold licenses...for example we have a client with a large distributed network and they use DHCP so the addresses change frequently.
ian.integra-xp wrote: What *would* be nice would be something which did this for Active directory where we can be sure that the known machines should all either be in labtech or removed from active directory.
All that said, there is a "LT- New Computer Detected*" internal monitor that alerts when new IPs are found by the probe.
ian.integra-xp wrote: No, I didn't say that. I said that it scans the network, blindly trying to connect to open ports to work out what each box is. If a box responds on 132/135 then its likely a PC and it will try to install the agent. If these ports don't respond then it wouldn't make any sense to try and install anything.
LT makes use of snmp information to classify nodes. Once snmp responds it uses the device information to apply snmp templates. Outside of these two cases there isn't much else which can be picked up. I'm not sure if osx and linux are automatically detected. I would guess not.
LT scans and tries to install the agent on every single device in the network range you configure in the probe's scan settings, assuming you have both the scan and deploy options enabled. There is zero intelligence built in - ZERO. Check the deployment manager logs if you don't believe me. Check if it is a Windows device before trying to push an MSI installation? Yeah right. The probe tries to install to every IP in the range (including your network devices), plus the broadcast IP, plus multicast addresses like 224.0.0.0. It's jaw-dropping behavior, I agree. LT recommends you only use their probe for agent installation if you do not have an AD environment. If you do have AD, they recommend that for pushing out the agent. Combining their targeting approach with their use of PSexec and considering their recommendation NOT to use that solution, I would not expect them to ever fix their deployment "solution" as they never built a proper deployment solution to begin with.


text:
Peter Weber's Net Worth Is Mainly Thanks to Delta (Not 'The Bachelor')
Remember Peter Weber, the star of The Bachelor season 24?
The pilot lived with his parents when he starred on The Bachelor, but a lot has changed since his days as King of Roses. Not only has he rekindled his romance with Kelley Flanagan, but he has also established his independence as a career-driven aviator.
Keep reading for all the details on Peter Weber's net worth.
ABC/Francisco Roman
1. What Is Peter Weber Net Worth?
Unfortunately, we don't have an exact number, since Weber's financial records aren't 100 percent available to the public. However, we estimate the pilot is worth anywhere between $500,000 and $750,000. This calculation is based on his career as a pilot and his former role on The Bachelor.
2. What's His Salary?
Prior to starring on The Bachelor, Weber worked as a commercial pilot for Delta Air Lines, which has an average base pay of $185,000, according to CNN. This means Weber should have accumulated around $550,000 (pre-tax) during that time. These funds likely went straight into his pocket, since he wasn't paying rent.
ABC/Kelsey McNeal
3. Did He Get Paid For The Bachelor?
Of course, but we don't know how much. Back in 2011, famed TV blogger Reality Steve revealed that Bachelor/Bachelorette leads make around $100,000 per season, though we wouldn't be surprised if that number has increased over time.
In fact, Amy Kaufman revealed in her 2018 book Bachelor Nation that it's "incredibly rare for someone to make less than six figures." She also confirmed that some stars make more than others—like Emily Maynard, who reportedly received $250,000 for The Bachelorette. Guess Weber didn't walk away from The Bachelor empty handed after all.
ABC/Maarten de Boer
4. Does He Make Money from Social Media?
Most likely. Now that The Bachelor is over, Weber has capitalized with sponsored posts on his Instagram page. On the lower tier, this can range from anywhere between $1,000 to $50,000, depending on the deal. Cha-ching!
Brandy's 'Cinderella' Is (& Will Always Be) the Best Remake Ever
What Is Miranda Lambert's Net Worth? (Hint: It's Big)


Frequently Asked Questions – Planning Permission?
1. What is Planning Permission?
For domestic properties, planning consent relates to changes in the appearance or use of buildings such as an extension to a house, or a conversion of a house into flats. Planning should not be confused with the Building Regulations that are entirely separate -you can find a description of these in the next section. Planning can be one of the main hurdles to clear when thinking about making changes to your home and needs to be given consideration from the start. It may be possible that your project can be done within Permitted Development –Please contact Jonathan who will be able to advise you of this.
2. Will I Automatically be Given Planning Permission if Someone Else in my Street Has Done the Same Renovation or Extension?
A common misconception is that because other houses in the street have, for instance, roof extensions, this will automatically mean that yours will be allowed. This is not the case as each application is assessed on its own merits and planning policy does change over time. Jonathan will be able to give you advice relating to current planning policy that will help develop the design solution.
Most houses in England can benefit from Permitted Development rights. These rights allow you to undertake building works to your home without the need for planning permission, provided you stay within defined guidelines.
4. Are There Different Planning Rules for a Listed Building?
Buildings of particular architectural interest are often officially 'Listed' and thereby protected. Many residential buildings are Listed Grade 2, which means that all alterations (not just those to the outside or original parts) have to be approved under Listed Building Consent. Making a Listed Building Consent application is similar to making a planning application - but with a few differences. The process may be handled by a conservation officer within your local planning department or might be referred to English Heritage and there is no application fee. As with standard planning permissions Jonathan can help you with this.
5. Are There Different Planning Rules for a Conservation Area?
Living in a conservation area usually means that changes to the external appearance of your building will be a particularly sensitive issue. If you are not sure if your property is located within a Conservation Area you can find this out from the Local Authority. You will probably need to complete an Application for Conservation Area Consent. Again it is advisable to check with you Local Planning Department or ask Jonathan to do this for you.
6. What Will I Need in Order to Make a Planning Application?


text:
Why can you hear sound over a wall?
I know it has to do with diffraction of sound, as it is a wave, but how exactly does this diffraction occur?
waves acoustics everyday-life
Donkey KongDonkey Kong
For the sake of this argument, imagine an infinitely thin barrier (or a thick barrier with a very sharp corner, if you prefer). Think of a molecule right at the edge of the barrier but not touching it. A sound wave approaches. What this means is that the nearest neighbor molecule behind it is approaching. It may hit straight on and accelerate the first molecule forward. But the neighbor molecule might be aligned off-center, so that it hits the first molecule a glancing blow and accelerates it in some other direction. That's the kernel of a wave propagating in a new direction. Imagine that there are $10^{23}$ molecules in the system ... you will end up with diffraction.
garypgaryp
$\begingroup$ Where does the barrier come into play? $\endgroup$ – Aaron Stevens Oct 6 '19 at 13:38
$\begingroup$ @AaronStevens The barrier is a stand-in for the wall. $\endgroup$ – garyp Oct 6 '19 at 15:46
$\begingroup$ Where does the wall come into play? What I mean is that your answer says to imagine a molecule at the edge of the barrier, but then you never explicitly mention the role of the barrier after this. $\endgroup$ – Aaron Stevens Oct 6 '19 at 15:59
$\begingroup$ Your answer seems right to me, but diffraction occurs for all kind of waves, doesn't it? Can Huygens principle always be explained on the molecular level, similar to your answer? Seems hard to believe in the view of the generality of that principle. Or, maybe, Huygens principle indeed only applies in media comprised of molecules? $\endgroup$ – Hartmut Braun Oct 6 '19 at 16:18
$\begingroup$ @HartmutBraun Huygens' principle cannot always be explained on a molecular level. For light diffracting from a barrier in a vacuum Huygen's principle can be applied, but there are no molecules to generate the wavelets. I think all diffraction can be explained by arguments similar to Huygens' principle, but there would be differences in the details. $\endgroup$ – garyp Oct 6 '19 at 16:36
It is not quite clear to me what you are asking, but I would refer to simulations like on PhET: Wave Interference.
There you can switch between sound waves, surface waves on water (ripple tank) or light waves.
There are two important things to realize:
The wavelength of sound waves is of the order of 1 meter, comparable to the height of walls.
We experience sound level as a logarithmic measure of the intensity, and for example even a tenfold reduction in power reduces the sound level by only 10 dB, for example from 60 dB to 50 dB.
MarianD
PieterPieter
$\begingroup$ I think the OP just wants to understand how diffraction of a wave occurs. $\endgroup$ – Aaron Stevens Oct 6 '19 at 11:57
If the propagation of sound waves and light waves are governed by exactly the same wave equation: $$\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial t^2}=c^2 \nabla^2f,$$ where $c$ is the propagation speed of the waves and $f$ is the thing that propagates (say, pressure for a sound wave or electric field for a light wave) why can you hear but not see what's happening on the other side of a wall?
There are two main reasons, the more important of which Pieter already pointed out: the wavelength of sound waves is a million times bigger. Sound in the human auditory range diffracts around a 10-m wall the same way light we can see diffracts around a "wall" with a height of 0.01 mm. (The speed is also different by a factor of about a million, but that doesn't change the spatial characteristics of how the waves behave as they travel from source to you, only how long that trip takes.)
The other, subtler reason is that we process auditory and visual signals very differently.
All that really matters to your brain about the pressure signals coming into your ears is the spectrum—the amount of energy at each frequency. So the signal can be diffracted (or bounce off irregular surfaces or whatever) without affecting your ability to extract information from it. (Incidentally, in many cases scattering is more important than diffraction—when you hear a voice from the other room, much of that sound energy reaches you by bouncing off a wall or two.)
Your eyes, on the other hand, don't care about the spectrum—color is just some sort of average of all the constituent frequencies—but they do need light rays originating from various positions on some object you'd like to see to be traveling predictably along the lines from those positions. Otherwise no image of the object is formed. Diffraction (or bounces off rough surfaces) messes this up; even if the light still enters your eye, the image that would have been formed on your retina by rays traveling direct from the source is now scrambled, making it impossible for your brain to extract from the light the information it would have gotten from that image.
Ben51Ben51
$\begingroup$ This answer was down-voted, but I think that might be a little harsh. This answer seems to address the word "hear" in the subject. We don't know for sure if the OP was interested in the physics of diffraction or diffraction coupled to hearing. This answer might be made more clear (my opinion) by pointing out that I can hear conversations coming from beyond a wall, but I cannot see who is talking. But even then there are issues to deal with: my radio can pick up signals that have diffracted around many obstacles, but I still hear the music perfectly. The argument gets complicated. $\endgroup$ – garyp Oct 6 '19 at 16:50
$\begingroup$ That is a nice way to put it—hear the conversation but not see who's talking. I see no complication whatsoever though: radio waves diffract around things because they have long wavelengths unlike visible light. Your radio is not trying to focus the radio waves into an image—it just responds to the amplitude at a single point (much more similar to the way your ears interpret signal than your eyes). So the diffracted radio waves still carry the information. $\endgroup$ – Ben51 Oct 6 '19 at 17:15
$\begingroup$ The diffracted light still carries the information, too, but it's harder to make it intelligible. Harder, but not impossible. A hologram captures a diffracted light field, and the reconstruction makes it intelligible. $\endgroup$ – garyp Oct 6 '19 at 17:37
$\begingroup$ Good point. But our eyes can't do that. $\endgroup$ – Ben51 Oct 6 '19 at 17:37
If you can follow this logic you should get a feel for what happens...
Waves that aren't physically confined have a tendency to spread.
Imagine using a stick to agitate water in a tank- you will make waves that travel outwards in a circle, spreading over an increasing area.
If the tank is a long channel, maybe a foot across and say twenty feet long, when the waves try to spread they are constrained by the walls, so their movement is directed along the channel.
Now imagine the channel opens out into a pond at the far end. When the waves arrive there they are no longer constrained by the walls so they open out again.
So returning to your question, when something makes a sound on the other side of a wall, the sound waves try to spread in all directions. The sound that makes it over the wall is like the water wave leaving the channel- it spreads out beyond the wall.
When you consider the effect in more detail you can show (I won't try to do it here) that the extent of the spread when the wave moves out of the channel into the pond depends upon the width of the opening at the end of the channel compared with the wavelength of the wave. When the two are about the same the spread is greatest. That explains why typical audible sounds (which have wavelengths of perhaps a few metres down to a few centimetres) spread around everyday gaps and obstacles.
Marco OcramMarco Ocram
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged waves acoustics everyday-life or ask your own question.
How far can one hear sound?
Why can we hear sound better on the water than on land?
Why is sound reflected and not transmitted through a wall?
Relation between the direction of propogation of sound and loudspeaker's diameter
Why does a skipping rope produce sound when going suffciently fast?
Can transverse sound waves be polarized?
If I can hear Bob, can Bob hear me? (AKA, why does the Green's function for sound propagation have to be symmetric?)
Can a sound wave begin with rarefaction?
If sound is a longitudinal wave, why can we hear it if our ears aren't aligned with the propagation direction?
Sound wave propagation through a wall


When was the Battle of Hastings fought?
How were the Norman forces arranged?
How were the Anglo-Saxon forces arranged?
On Saturday, the 14th of October the great Battle of Hastings dawned.
The King Harold and the Anglo-Saxons had no cavalry and few archers but formed a tight shield wall with the Housecauls and their Danish battle-axes at the ready (a two-handed, long-handled battle axe with a heavy chopping head) together with their long double-edged swords. The levies were equipped with missiles, spears and hammers.
William's forces were separated into three columns. The Bretons were on the left, the Normans were in the middle & Flemings were positioned on the right. At the head of each column stood archers, behind whom there were ranks of infantry and cavalry. The battle began with William's archers opening fire followed by an infantry assault.
It is not difficult to compose a narrative of its principal incidents from the historical information which we possess, especially if aided by an examination of the ground. But it is far better to adopt the spirit-stirring words of the old chroniclers, who wrote while the recollections of the battle were yet fresh, and while the feelings and prejudices of the combatants yet glowed in the bosoms of living men.
Robert Wace, the Norman poet, is the most picturesque and animated of the old writers, and from him we can obtain a more vivid and full description of the conflict than even the most brilliant romance-writer of the present time can supply.
We have also an antique memorial of the battle more to be relied on than either chronicler or poet (and which confirms Wace's narrative remarkably) in the celebrated Bayeux tapestry, which represents the principal scenes of Duke William's expedition and of the circumstances connected with it, in minute though occasionally grotesque details, and which was undoubtedly the production of the same age in which the battle took place. Whether we admit or reject the legend that Queen Matilda and the ladies of her court wrought it with their own hands in honor of the royal Conqueror The Norman host is pouring forth from its tents, and each troop and each company is forming fast under the banner of its leader. The masses have been sung, which were finished betimes in the morning; the barons have all assembled round Duke William; and the Duke has ordered that the army shall be formed in three divisions, so as to make the attack upon the Saxon position in three places.
Let us therefore suffer the old Norman chronicler to transport our imaginations to the fair Sussex scenery northwest of Hastings, as it appeared on that October morning.


Having the best tools in place; probably the most up to date desktop computers in an organization renders it more effective and more productive leading to appreciation in the rate of income revenues, profits and customer satisfaction. Every business owner wants to harness their profit margins to a maximum potential; however, some do not know the secrets to achieving overall client retention.
i. What does the business firm specialize in?
This one question will ultimately lead you to making the right decision. A business owner must first analyze the type of job he specializes in, how many employees are in his company and how much time they spend in web-based networks or network-driven software if any.
If your company majors in using simple Microsoft Office applications, you may not require the highest powered desktop computers. For a business which specializes in heavy network applications, programming applications, heavy graphic designing or video editing, business grade desktop computers are most preferred.
A series of other questions such as whether the business has enough financial power to afford the facilities and whether the company has expertise staff to use the machines, should also be looked at to further the question above.
ii. Does the company have enough office space?
Storage and office space is one of the most sensitive considerations many business entrepreneurs often overlook. There has to be enough space in your office or home to accommodate the number and size of desktop computers you intent to purchase for your business. Offices that leave a space for expansion are better than squeezed ones. If an office is too small, entrepreneurs can fix a budget for larger offices.
iii. Does the business firm specialize in multimedia development or heavy graphic designs?
This is yet another very good question. Heavy computer applications such as multimedia development and graphic design require heavy computing power and deserve computers with high Random Access Memory capacities.
The question will also let business owners decide how much processor speed they need, the most appropriate graphics or video card and even the best types of optical and input devices such as DVD-writer, Combo drive, floppy drive, USB ports, network interface ports and so on.
If you're not able to analyze your exact business needs, you may be required to seek the help of a consultant or an experienced computer dealer to measure your exact needs and recommend the best desktop computers that are most suitable.


Rep. Adam Greshin (I-Warren) speaks in favor of freezing an energy-efficiency charge that Vermont electric customers pay in a House Ways and Means Committee hearing Wednesday.
Discontent over Efficiency Vermont's ever-growing budget boiled over Wednesday in the Statehouse. A key House committee voted for a two-year freeze on an electricity fee that funds the energy-efficiency program.
The House Ways and Means Committee, on which Greshin serves, voted 8-2 on Wednesday to keep the energy efficiency charge that Vermonters pay on their electric bills at its current rates until 2018. The rate is set by the state Public Service Board, but Greshin successfully amended a larger renewable energy bill to mandate the freeze.
For residential customers, this year's fee is $0.01173 per kilowatt hour. This month, Greshin said, that came to about $9.50 cents on his $119 Green Mountain Power Corp. home electric bill.
What was remarkable about Wednesday's move was that it won the backing of a number of longtime energy-efficiency supporters. The House Natural Resources and Energy Committee voted 7-1 to endorse the rate freeze.
Rep. Tony Klein (D-East Montpelier), who chairs the committee, said he thinks Efficiency Vermont has done an insufficient job of proving its worth to Vermonters.
"I just challenge Efficiency Vermont to change our minds, to change Vermonters' minds," he said.
Klein said he also agreed to the amendment in hopes of winning tri-partisan support for the overall renewable energy bill, known as RESET.
Efficiency Vermont, a state contracted program run by the Vermont Energy Investment Corporation, has long been a golden child of the legislature's Democratic majority. Supporters laud the program — which coordinates and offers incentives for energy-efficiency projects — for cutting Vermonters' energy consumption and limiting the need to expand the state's electric capacity.
Department of Public Service Deputy Commissioner Darren Springer came to the program's defense Wednesday. Reducing the fee will cut Efficiency Vermont's budget by $10 million over three years, he said, but cost $20 million to $24 million in savings over 10 years.
George Twigg, director of public affairs at VEIC, joined in the program's defense. The price for a kilowatt of energy not used is 4 cents, he said, while buying that same kilowatt on the open market would cost about 8 cents.
Greshin and others argued that the program has had too little oversight. Rep. Patti Komline (R-Dorset) asked whether Efficiency Vermont could find efficiencies in its own operations to cover the rate freeze, as other state agencies will be expected to do this year.
Efficiency Vermont operates pretty efficiently, Twigg responded.
The program's budget was $14 million in 2003, Greshin noted. By 2015, it had grown to $52.2 million. In 2016, without the freeze, the program was slated to receive $54 million. The fee charged on residential electric customers' bills was $0.00317 in 2003. This year, it is $0.01179.
All that money has done some good work, Greshin said, including at Sugarbush Resort, the energy-intensive ski area he co-owns.
Under state law, Efficiency Vermont is required to show that for every $1 spent, $2 is saved. Greshin argued that many programs and services, including pre-kindergarten, have similar returns but don't get the same level of state support each year.


2.1 Who we are. We are Nkuku Limited a company registered in England and Wales. Our company registration number is 04614918 and our registered office is at Lower Tweed Mill, Shinners Bridge, Dartington, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 6JB. Our registered VAT number is GB 807 1210 72.
2.2 How to contact us. You can contact us by telephoning our customer service team at 01803 866847 or by writing to us at hello@nkuku.com and Lower Tweed Mill, Shinners Bridge, Dartington, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 6JB.
2.3 How we may contact you. If we have to contact you we will do so by telephone or by writing to you at the email address you provided to us in your order. We cannot be held responsible if the details that you have provided to us are incorrect.
3.1 How we will accept your order if you are purchasing our product online or over the telephone. Our acceptance of your order will take place when we email you to accept it, at which point a contract will come into existence between you and us.
3.2 How we will accept your order if you are purchasing our product in-store. Our acceptance of your order will take place when we tell you that we are able to provide you with the product, at which point a contract will come into existence between you and us.
3.3 If we cannot accept your order. If we are unable to accept your order, we will inform you of this and will not charge you for the product. This might be because the product is out of stock, because of unexpected limits on our resources which we could not reasonably plan for, inability to obtain authorisation for payment, because we have identified an error in the price or description of the product, the item has been withdrawn or because we are unable to meet a delivery deadline you have specified.
4.1 Products may vary slightly from their pictures. The images of the products on our website and/or our promotional literature are for illustrative purposes only. Although we have made every effort to display the colours accurately, we cannot guarantee that a device's display of the colours accurately reflects the colour of the products. Your product may vary slightly from those images. Although we have made every effort to be as accurate as possible, because our products are handmade and sourced from natural or recycled sources all sizes, weights, capacities, dimensions and measurements indicated on our website may have a slight variation, which adds to the products individual character and beauty.
6.1 Delivery costs. The costs of delivery will be as displayed to you on our website, or as told to you during the order process if you are purchasing the product in-store.
6.2 When we will provide the products. During the order process we will let you know when we will provide the products to you. Please note that we do not deliver to PO box numbers, hotels and accommodation addresses.
We will aim to deliver the products to you within two working days (excluding furniture, please see (b) below) and in any event within 30 days after the day on which we accept your order.
If the products are furniture. The estimated completion and /or delivery date will be advised to you during the order process.
6.5 If you do not re-arrange delivery. If you do not collect the products from us as arranged or if, after a failed delivery to you, you do not re-arrange delivery or collect them from a delivery depot we will contact you for further instructions and may charge you for storage costs and any further delivery costs. If, despite our reasonable efforts, we are unable to contact you or re-arrange delivery or collection we may end the contract and clause 10.2 will apply.
6.8 What will happen if you do not give required information to us. We may need certain information from you so that we can supply the products to you, including without limitation, the following: furniture dimensions, orientation, colour, fabric, finish. If so, this will have been stated in the description of the products in store or on our website. We will contact you to ask for this information. If you do not give us this information within a reasonable time of us asking for it, or if you give us incomplete or incorrect information, we may either end the contract (and clause 10.2 will apply) or make an additional charge of a reasonable sum to compensate us for any extra work that is required as a result. We will not be responsible for supplying the products late or not supplying any part of them if this is caused by you not giving us the information we need within a reasonable time of us asking for it.
If what you have bought is faulty or misdescribed you may have a legal right to end the contract (or to get the product repaired or replaced or a service re-performed or to get some or all of your money back), see clause 11.
If you want to end the contract because of something we have done or have told you we are going to do, see clause 7.2.
If you have just changed your mind about the product, see clause 7.3. You may be able to get a refund if you are within the cooling-off period, but this may be subject to deductions and you will have to pay the costs of return of any goods.
3. we have suspended supply of the products for technical reasons, or notify you we are going to suspend them for technical reasons, in each case for a period of more than four months.
4. you have a legal right to end the contract because of something we have done wrong.
7.3 Exercising your right to change your mind (Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013). For most products bought online or over the telephone you have a legal right to change your mind within 14 days and receive a refund.
If you have bought goods you have 14 days after the day you (or someone you nominate) receives the goods, unless your goods are split into several deliveries over different days. In this case you have until 14 days after the day you (or someone you nominate) receives the last delivery to change your mind about the goods.
7.6 Ending the contract where we are not at fault and there is no right to change your mind. Even if we are not at fault and you do not have a right to change your mind (see clause 7.1), you can still end the contract before it is completed, but you may have to pay us compensation. A contract for goods is completed when the product is delivered, and paid for. If you want to end the contract in these circumstances, just contact us to let us know. The contract will end immediately and we will refund any sums paid by you for products not provided but we may deduct from that refund (or, if you have not made an advance payment, charge you) reasonable compensation for the net costs we will incur as a result of your ending the contract. Please be aware that we will only offer a refund on: earrings, bespoke products, and items purchased at a discount if they are faulty. If they are not faulty then we are unable to offer a refund.
7.8 Goodwill Exchange Policy. In addition, if you return the products bought online or over the telephone to us within 28 days of purchase in an unused and saleable condition we will exchange such goods provided you notify us in accordance with clause 9.
8.1 Returning products bought in store and collected immediately. If you have changed your mind about your product and it was purchased at full price in store, we will only offer a full refund , provided the product is returned to the store by you within 14 days of purchase. If you return the product in person to the store within 28 days we will offer you an exchange. Please ensure that you have a valid receipt with you and that the labels are still attached to the product. Failure to do so may result in a rejection of a refund or exchange.
8.2 If the item is faulty then you will have 30 days in which to return the product and receive a refund. If you return the product outside of this time frame then you reserve the right to have the products repaired or replaced. If this is not possible then you will have a right to a price reduction or a final rejection. Please see a 'summary of your key legal rights' at clause 11. For the sake of clarity, if you wish to return an item which was purchased in store you must return it in person. We do not accept any such returns by post.
8.3 Returning products bought in store and collected immediately that are discounted or bought in a sale. If you purchase an item that is on sale or discounted and you later change your mind then we are unable to offer a refund or replacement of the product. If however, the product was faulty then clause 8.2 will apply.
9.1 Tell us you want to end the contract. To end the contract with us please call our customer service team on 01803 866 847 or email us at hello@nkuku.com. Please provide your name, home address, details of the order and, where available, your phone number and email address. Email address is essential for all orders placed online.
9.2 Returning products after ending the contract. Please refer to our website for information on how to return products. We kindly request that you ensure that any returned products are well protected and packed for posting. We suggest you get a certificate of postage and allow up to 10 working days for your item to be processed.
if you are ending the contract because we have told you of an upcoming change to the product or these terms, an error in pricing or description, a delay in delivery due to events outside our control or because you have a legal right to do so as a result of something we have done wrong. In all other circumstances you must pay the costs of return.
The maximum refund for delivery costs will be the costs of delivery by the least expensive delivery method we offer. For example, if we offer delivery of a product within 2-5 days at one cost but you choose to have the product delivered within 24 hours at a higher cost, then we will only refund what you would have paid for the cheaper delivery option.
9.6 When your refund will be made. We will make any refunds due to you as soon as possible. If you are exercising your right to change your mind then:your refund will be made within 14 days either from the day on which we receive the product back from you or, if earlier, the day on which you provide us with evidence that you have sent the product back to us. For information about how to return a product to us, see clause 9.2.
do not pay any sums due.
11.1 How to tell us about problems. If you have any questions or complaints about the product, please contact us. You can telephone our customer service team at 01803 866847 or write to us at hello@nkuku.com or Lower Tweed Mill, Shinners Bridge, Dartington, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 6JB . Alternatively, please speak to one of our staff in-store.
11.2 Summary of your legal rights. We are under a legal duty to supply products that are in conformity with this contract. See the box below for a summary of your key legal rights in relation to the product. Nothing in these terms will affect your legal rights.This is a summary of your key legal rights. These are subject to certain exceptions. For detailed information please visit the Citizens Advice website www.adviceguide.org.uk or call 03454 04 05 06.
11.3 Your obligation to return rejected products. If you wish to exercise your legal rights to reject products you must either return them in person to where you bought them, post them back to us or (if they are not suitable for posting) allow us to collect them from you. We will pay the costs of postage or collection. Please call our customer service team on 01803 866847 or email us at hello@nkuku.com for a return label or to arrange collection.
12.1 Where to find the price for the product. The price of the product (which includes VAT) will be the price indicated on the order pages if ordering online, or the price indicated in the price list or on the price label, if ordering in-store or over the telephone when you placed your order. We take all reasonable care to ensure that the price of the product advised to you is correct. However please see clause 12.3 for what happens if we discover an error in the price of the product you order.
12.3 What happens if we got the price wrong. It is always possible that, despite our best efforts, some of the products we sell may be incorrectly priced. We will normally check prices before accepting your order so that, where the product's correct price at your order date is less than our stated price at your order date, we will charge the lower amount. If the product's correct price at your order date is higher than the price stated , we will contact you for your instructions before we accept your order. If we accept and process your order where a pricing error is obvious and unmistakeable and could reasonably have been recognised by you as a mispricing, we may end the contract, refund you any sums you have paid and require the return of any goods provided to you.
12.4 When you must pay and how you must pay. Please see our website for current payment types accepted. Your transaction will be processed by Worldpay in a secure environment. Please note we are not responsible for a delay in dispatching your product if your card issuer delays your payment to us, for what ever reason. For goods, you must pay for the products before we dispatch them.
WE WILL ONLY GIVE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION TO OTHER THIRD PARTIES WHERE THE LAW EITHER REQUIRES OR ALLOWS US TO DO SO, OR WHERE YOU HAVE SPECIFICALLY INDICATED THAT YOU ALLOW IT.
15.1 You need our consent to transfer your rights to someone else. You may only transfer your rights or your obligations under these terms to another person if we agree to this in writing. Nobody else has any rights under this contract (except someone you pass your guarantee on to). This contract is between you and us. No other person shall have any rights to enforce any of its terms. Neither of us will need to get the agreement of any other person in order to end the contract or make any changes to these terms.


Sought after family 4x4 7 seat SUV , books and history extremely well maintained throughout. Fully equipped with Mercecde's safety and comfort features , just in and will be prepared and detrailed.
With Bluetooth, multi-function control screen and 5 speaker stereo with CD player, the MY14 Mercedes-Benz C200 is one great sedan. Sporting a powerful 4 cylinder 2.0L turbo petrol engine with a 7 speed sports automatic transmission, rear parking camera, and 2 zone climate control, the Mercedes-Benz C200 is simply brilliant. Finished in white with 18 inch alloy wheels, front ventilated brakes, electric heated mirrors and GPS, the MY14 Mercedes-Benz C200 is sensational from start to finish.


The opera begins with Tristan as he retrieves the reluctant Isolde so that she may marry his uncle, King Mark. Isolde's mother has brewed a love potion meant for King Mark to fall in love with her daughter. Tristan and Isolde mistakenly drink the potion when their maid confuses it for wine and they fall irrevocably in love.
King Mark discovers Tristan and Isolde's love and declares vengeance. The lovers are able to escape the King and flee to the forest where they are quickly discovered. King Mark spares them from death with the vow that they remain apart and pure.
Following orders, the lovers remain apart and Tristan marries Isolde of the White Hands. Wounded during a battle, Tristan asks his friend Kahedin to bring his first love, Isolde, back to him but his wife is unhappy with his desire and tricks the unlucky lovers.
"Kira Dills-DeSura, who will be the Second Lady in Central City Opera's presentation of Mozart's "The Magic Flute" this summer, was a sweet-sounding Isolde-of-the-White-Hands who showed her innocence with creamy alto tones."
"As the evil Isolde of the White Hands (yes, there were two Isolde's in the text sources Martin used), alto Kira Dills-DeSurra's malevolence is carefully calibrated."


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"Like a Child" is a song by Jars of Clay. It is the fourth radio single from their self-titled debut album. Like many of the other tracks on the record, the song was written while the band members were students at Greenville College. The band's demo album, Frail, released in 1994, contains the first known recording of the song. The song was re-recorded in 1995 for the band's debut album; however only a few differences exist between the two recordings. A live version of the song appears on the band's 2003 double album, Furthermore: From the Studio, From the Stage.

External links
 Song review at Jesusfreakhideout
 Song's reference to The Bible's Mark 10:15

1996 singles
Jars of Clay songs
1995 songs
Essential Records (Christian) singles
Songs written by Dan Haseltine
Songs written by Charlie Lowell
Songs written by Stephen Mason (musician)
Songs written by Matt Bronleewe


Amazing Meals, Amazingly Easy — Ends in Style.
The trickiest part of cooking for one or two people, is portions at the grocery store. If you buy a bag of chopped kale, you'll be eating kale smoothies, roasted kale, steamed kale, and kale with grits for a week just to keep it from wilting in the fridge before you can eat it. A solution for those busy times when you want to have a few nice meals at home but you'll be out for holiday dinners half of the week is Peach DIsh!
No measuring of ingredients required! You get the right sized portion for the number of servings you want. Each meal is prepared by a chef who pulls together exactly what you need to recreate the tastiness on your own, complete with all fresh ingredients and a detailed list of instructions.
It really couldn't be easier! Choose your delivery day, and select from the meal options for that week and viola! Awesome food. The meal in this basket is two servings of Hanger steak with a mushroom-shallot sauce, and kale & apple salad. Yum!
See? Perfectly portioned ingredients PLUS labels if you aren't familiar with certain ingredients. Peach Dish is a great way for the beginner cook to get his or her feet wet. You can try out different recipes and know you wont be wasting a ton. If you tried cooking mushrooms for the first time ever and find you don't want to cook them again for 3 weeks but you went to the store and bought a 1/2 pound of fresh mushrooms, you're practically flushing money by letting good food go bad. I cook a lot and find is really relaxing and enjoyable, so it can be a thrill to figure out how to make that leftover rosemary work with whatever other ingredients are lingering in the fridge after a couple of well-planned meals. However, Peach Dish is still super appealing to me! Particularly during this time of year when several nights a week we have plans that limit my kitchen time.
Oh, speaking of time! Each meal comes with a cook time estimate. That way, you can time your meals out just like a 1950s housewife who manages to have everything on the table at exactly 6pm with not a burnt roll in site.
Not only is Peach Dish convenient for their prep work, but they also deliver your basket of ingredients directly to your front door. Say goodbye to elbowing other shoppers in the Publix produce section on Christmas Eve! You no longer have to fight for the last 2 baking potatoes! Let Peach Dish do the hard work of creating delicious meals, measuring, and delivering ingredients directly to your door. You take care of cooking and feeling like a super hero who just whips up fantastic meals without ever breaking a sweat.
If you need a little help making amazing meals for the holidays, check out their holiday menu and order today! You will not be disappointed and you'll be filled with pride knowing you cooked it yourself (from scratch!) rather than ordering from a caterer or getting pre-packaged foods at the deli.
Go on, make and eat great food!!


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Spartanburg woman convicted of manslaughter
A Spartanburg County woman has been convicted of involuntary manslaughter in the shooting death of her husband nearly four years ago.
Spartanburg woman convicted of manslaughter A Spartanburg County woman has been convicted of involuntary manslaughter in the shooting death of her husband nearly four years ago. Check out this story on greenvilleonline.com: http://grnol.co/1pekHnY
Herald-Journal Published 9:14 a.m. ET June 6, 2014
hands on prison bars(Photo: Dick Luria , Getty Images )
SPARTANBURG – A Spartanburg County woman has been convicted of involuntary manslaughter in the shooting death of her husband nearly four years ago.
The Herald-Journal of Spartanburg reported (http://bit.ly/1kGqT7q) that a jury on Thursday returned the guilty verdict against Caroline Manis for the death of Alan Manis at their home in Pacolet.
Circuit Judge Roger Couch sentenced Manis to two years in prison.
She had been charged with murder but jurors returned the guilty verdict on the lesser charge.
Investigators said Alan Manis died after a shotgun was placed in his mouth and fired. Defense attorneys contended he killed himself.
Prosecutors said the woman told 911 dispatchers she had killed her husband.
Caroline Manis apologized in court before she was sentenced.
Information from: Herald-Journal, http://www.goupstate.com/
Read or Share this story: http://grnol.co/1pekHnY


Earthquakes are the result of forces deep within Earth's interior that continuously affect its surface. The energy from these forces is stored in a variety of ways within the rocks. When this energy is released suddenly—by shearing movements along faults in the crust of Earth, for example—an earthquake results. The area of the fault where the sudden rupture takes place is called the focus or hypocenter of the earthquake. The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter of the earthquake.
The severity of an earthquake can be expressed in terms of both intensity and magnitude. The two terms are quite different, however, and they are often confused. Intensity is based on the observed effects of ground shaking on people, buildings, and natural features. It varies from place to place within the disturbed region depending on the location of the observer with respect to the earthquake epicenter. Magnitude is related to the amount of seismic energy released at the hypocenter of the earthquake. It is based on the amplitude of the earthquake waves recorded on instruments, which have a common calibration. Magnitude is thus represented by a single, instrumentally determined value.
Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zigzag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, location, and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations.
The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included in the magnitude formula to compensate for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude of 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. Although the Richter Scale has no upper limit, the largest known shocks have had magnitudes in the 8.8 to 8.9 range.
Why Are There So Many Earthquake Magnitude Scales?
Earthquake size, as measured by the Richter Scale, is a well-known, but not well understood, concept. What is even less well understood is the proliferation of magnitude scales and their relation to Richter's original magnitude scale. Richter's magnitude scale was first created for measuring the size of earthquakes occurring in southern California, using relatively high-frequency data from nearby seismograph stations. This magnitude scale was referred to as ML, with the L standing for local.
As more seismograph stations were installed around the world, it became apparent that the method developed by Richter was strictly valid only for certain frequency and distance ranges. In order to take advantage of the growing number of globally distributed seismograph stations, new magnitude scales that are an extension of Richter's original idea were developed. These include body-wave magnitude, "mb," and surface-wave magnitude, "MS." Each is valid for a particular frequency range and type of seismic signal. In its range of validity each is equivalent to the Richter magnitude.
Because of the limitations of all three magnitude scales—ML, mb, and MS—a new, more uniformly applicable extension of the magnitude scale, known as moment magnitude, or "MW," was developed. In particular, for very large earthquakes moment magnitude gives the most reliable estimate of earthquake size. New techniques that take advantage of modern telecommunications have recently been implemented, allowing reporting agencies to obtain rapid estimates of moment magnitude for significant earthquakes. So nowadays, when most seismologists announce a magnitude number, they are rarely referring to the Richter Scale.
The effect of an earthquake on Earth's surface is called the intensity. The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses, such as people awakening, movement of furniture, damage to chimneys, and finally—total destruction. Although numerous intensity scales have been developed over the past several hundred years to evaluate the effects of earthquakes, the one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli (MM) Intensity Scale. It was developed in 1931 by the American seismologists Harry Wood and Frank Neumann. This scale, composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity that range from imperceptible shaking to catastrophic destruction, is designated by Roman numerals. It does not have a mathematical basis; instead it is an arbitrary ranking based on observed effects. The Modified Mercalli Intensity value assigned to a specific site after an earthquake has a more meaningful measure of severity to the nonscientist than the magnitude because intensity refers to the effects actually experienced at that place.


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Q: How to maintain session in Android Kotlin Webview I have a Webview app in Android Kotlin in which user logs in and use the app. The problem is when user logs in and closes the app, next time when he opens the app, he goes to the login page, he should be logged in. I need to maintain session (or cookie) so he doesn't need to login again unless he logs himself out.
I have a running app in JAVA but that is so old, I cannot copy paste the code. I have gone through many answers but nothing worked.

A: I usually use this configuration for projects that requires WebView's.
@SuppressLint("SetJavaScriptEnabled")
private fun configureWebView(webView: WebView?) {
    webView?.settings?.userAgentString = getUserAgent()
    webView?.settings?.cacheMode = WebSettings.LOAD_DEFAULT
    webView?.settings?.databaseEnabled = true
    webView?.settings?.domStorageEnabled = true
    webView?.settings?.javaScriptEnabled = true
    webView?.settings?.mediaPlaybackRequiresUserGesture = false
    webView?.settings?.allowFileAccessFromFileURLs = true
    webView?.settings?.allowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs = true
    webView?.webChromeClient = WebChromeClient()
    webView?.scrollBarStyle = WebView.SCROLLBARS_OUTSIDE_OVERLAY
    webView?.isLongClickable = false
    webView?.setOnLongClickListener {
        true
    }
    webView?.settings?.setSupportMultipleWindows(true)
}

The two main methods that you should check if they work for you are databaseEnabled and domStorageEnabled also if you use Javascript for that you should check javaScriptEnabled too.
Hope it helps you.