text:
ORIENTUL EXTINS
Chinese Psychological Warfare in Countering Domestic Challenges
Alina Kriukovskaia , research intern at International Centre for Social and Political Studies and Consulting (ICSPSC), Moscow, Russia
The People's Republic of China is considered to be an emerging geopolitical power in the world. Firstly, it has the second-largest economy in term of nominal GDP and its economic power is one of the most influential[1]. Secondly, in addition to the military power – according to GlobalFirepower.com – is the third after the US and Russia; China is becoming also politically influential[2]. In the digital age China is also one of the leading states[3]. To provide its national interests and maintain its position China uses both strategic communication and psychological elements in its foreign as well as in domestic policies.
As well known China has several domestic security issues: the threat of Uyghur separatism and terrorism in Xinjiang, separatism in Tibet and Taiwan. To combat these issues China need to use not only its hard or soft power, but also it should work in the psychological dimension to improve the countering the challenges.
The research objective is to find out how China uses psychological warfare to combat domestic challenges and whether the Chinese approaches depend on the region.
The paper consists of three main parts devoted to the definition of the strategic communication and psychological warfare used in this research paper, features of Chinese strategic communication and Chinese psychological warfare and countering issues in the challenging parts of the state (Taiwan, Xinjiang, Tibet), conclusion and bibliography.
Psychological Warfare and Strategic Communication
One should say that there are a lot of definitions of 'strategic communication' and 'psychological warfare' in different spheres, being crucial for the research to define the theoretical framework of the issue and appropriate terms.
For instance, RAND defines 'psychological warfare' as "the planned use of propaganda and other psychological operations to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of opposition groups"[4].
Russian researcher V. Krysko in his book "Secrets of Psychological Warfare" describes psychological warfare as "activity of the specific bodies of a state that influence civilians or servicemen of the other state in psychological dimension to achieve its political and military goals"[5].
For the research the term 'psychological warfare' is regarded as activity of a state or a national structure that is aimed at affecting people's minds in order to achieve a goal.
Speaking about strategic communication it should be mentioned that there are also some definitions. Russian researcher E. Pashentsev gives following definition of 'strategic communication': a projection by a state its certain values, interests and objectives into minds of a target audience by synchronizing state's comprehensive activity in all spheres of life accompanied by professional communication[6].
According to the US Defense Science Board 'strategic communication' is an integrated process that includes development, implementation, assessment and evolution of public action and messages in support of policies, interests and long-term goals and it goes beyond media affairs and short-term streams[7].
In this research paper the term "strategic communication" means synchronization of deeds, words and images used by a state or a national structure to support its goals through traditional and new channels of communication such as the printed press, radio, television and the Internet[8].
China's Approach to Strategic Communication and Psychological Warfare
First of all, it should be noted that the Chinese have always paid more attention to psychological aspects. First of all, China perhaps has the oldest traditions of using psychological warfare (xinlizhan) in the world. Traditions and practical strategies are stipulated, for instance, in such popular tractates as essay "The Thirty-Six Stratagems", "The Art of War" written by Sun Tzu or "The Book of Swindles" by Zhang Yingyu, dated by 800 – 300 BC. Main idea of these works is as Sun Tzu wrote "supreme excellence consists of breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting" by using situation, psychology, and tricky clauses[9]. To gain an advantage China is ready to use long-term strategy. One more step in this long pace is an indoctrination which is used to pursue other to follow you within the Confucius values and norms. It helps to establish long-term and strong bonds in psychological and economic dimension[10].
Strategic communication with focus on psychological dimension has always been part of the Chinese war concept: from the ancient works till, for example, China's November 2004 White Paper on National Defense with declaration of a Revolution in Military Affairs with Chinese characteristics.
Besides, there is one more feature of the Chinese concept. In 1999 Air Force colonels Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui wrote the treatise "Unrestricted Warfare". According to this concept contemporary warfare is characterized by using all means to compel the enemy to accept one's interests and all boundaries between the war and non-war as well as between military and non-military will be removed[11]. It means that China's approach is not only applicable in times of conflict, but also in transition period peace-crisis-war.
Moreover, in 2003 the Chinese Communist Party and the Central Military Commission approved the concept of "Three Warfares" (san zhong zhanfa, 三种战法) that consist of psychological warfare (psyops), media warfare (the Chinese CCTV) and legal warfare (existing legal framework such as the UN)[12]. Nowadays China combines traditional approaches and the theory of "People's war"(人民战争) of Mao Zedong with Western innovations and technologies[13]. Modern psychological operations are aimed at the target's moral (shiqi) and there are lots of components used such as television, radio broadcasts, loudspeakers, leaflets and calculated military operations. They are also combined with political, economic and diplomatic elements. As T. Walton writes, the new psychological warfare considered to be aimed for a high degree of precision in targeting critical nodes to achieve nonlinear effects[14]. For instance, enemy's motivation could be destroyed by affecting the economy or diminishing international support.
Three cases: Taiwan, Xinjiang and Tibet
China has three main domestic security issues. They are Taiwan which China regards as its territory, Xinjiang with Uyghur separatism and terrorism threat and the status of Tibet.
To tackle issues in Xinjiang and Tibet China applies also methods of psychological warfare along with the kinetic capabilities of the security forces and police. As it was during unrests in 2008 and 2009 both in Xinjiang and Tibet, China used force to re-establish stability and security in the regions. In case of Taiwan China is not as powerful as it can be so it has to act differently and more flexible.
The case of Taiwan. Taiwan perhaps is the most difficult object for China, but also the primary target of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) as China pursues complete unification of the state and gaining control over the island. As Walton writes, psychological operations of China through its media and so-called legal warfare during peacetime is aimed at revealing and exploiting division in the domestic political establishment of Taiwan and casting doubts on the "enemy's" value concept[15]. For instance, in 1997 the Chinese General Staff sought to find vulnerabilities in the Taiwanese armed forces to reduce confidence of the people in its military. In 2005 the National People Congress adopted the Anti-Secession Law which allows using non-peaceful means to "protect China's sovereignty". In this case all "three warfare" are being used: the law set agenda and messages (media), created pressure on the government (psychological), created also "chilling effect" by rewarding those who obey and punishing defectors (psychological) and denied Taiwan's sovereignty by isolating it[16]. It is clear that China's policy towards Taiwan can be described as effective as one may look at the new concept of the Sino-U.S. relations when both Presidents Xi and Obama paid no attention to the Taiwanese issue during the talks and as a result the USA plays no decisive role on cross-Strait relations[17].
The case of Xinjiang. The Xinjiang province is the biggest in China. As A. Mumford writes, tensions between the Uyghur population, a Turkic, mostly Sunni-Muslim ethnic minority, which is about 44% of the province population and Beijing started after the end of Cold War and were caused by loosening of ideological grip of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and attempts to defend their identity, religion (Islam) and language[18]. In this period the East Turkistan Islamic Movement (ETIM) was established and it is aimed to separate the province from China.
To protect itself from the Islamic extremism and Uyghur separatism the Chinese government chose rather strict policy in combating this challenge after the 9/11 based on three factors such as declaration of 'Global War on Terror', Uyghurs were being supported by Islamist group and some Uyghur groups also follow Islamist ideology[19]. The approaches that China uses in countering the Uyghur separatism can be divided in two groups of policies – "soft" and "hard"[20]. For instance, it can be whether state funding of a Chinese Islamic institution or "political education".
Besides, after unrests and violent attacks in the province Beijing increased restrictions and improved surveillance. Also such instruments as use of a DNA, database and "big data" are used, as China's top domestic security official Meng Jianzhu said. Moreover, the government shut down the Internet. Since 2014 and especially after party secretary Chen Quanguo took charge of the region China started its re-education program by using the internment camps with staff with psychological trainings where people watch videos on, for example, how to identify Islamic extremism, study Confucian texts and learn Mandarin Chinese, naming it reformation through education which could be define as xi nao or brainwashing[21]. And according to the United Nation there are approximately one million people in these camps[22]. In other words, Beijing pursues very tough policy in Xinjiang by using hard psychological methods focusing on fear to weaken the Uyghur identity and as consequence protect the state itself.
The case of Tibet. Alongside with issues of Taiwan and Xinjiang the Tibetan issue is also belongs to core national security interest. The world community considers Tibet as a part of China, but the Tibetan themselves aspire to independence as they regard the unification with the People's Republic of China in 1951 as occupation. Besides, Tibet is the only region where ethnic Han Chinese is a small minority. This background causes tensions and uprisings in the Tibetan Autonomous Region that's why China also has to react to the security challenge.
It should be noted that the same approach combined with new technologies (network of surveillance CCTV and convenience police stations, 便民警务站) is used in Tibet Autonomous Region. In addition to the local community is being recruited to serve as security apparatus that helps to maintain trust among the population[23]. One more method used in Tibet is shared religion (Buddhism) by incorporating Tibet as a part of the Chinese nation[24]. In comparison with Beijing's policy in Xinjiang the Chinese policy in Tibet can be described as soft as China has been conducting reforms to improve both economy and well-being of the local people to receive their support. As the executive vice chairman of the Tibet's regional parliament said, the Dalai Lama did nothing to solve issues in the region, but it was the Communist Party that changed Tibet[25]. Summing up, China uses more peaceful means in order to control Tibet by improving well-being and discrediting local officials that may pose threat to stability in the region.
In conclusion it should be mentioned that China does use methods of strategic communication and psychological warfare in countering domestic security issues what is determined by the complexity of the each case and the Chinese traditions. China tries to combine both hard and soft power to find more comprehensive way to tackle the internal problems.
The research shows that China's approaches differ from one another what depends on features of the particular region. In Xinjiang the Chinese methods are considered to be the strictest as the PRC regards terrorism and Uyghur separatism as the most dangerous. The methods of strategic communication and psychological warfare used in Tibet and especially towards Taiwan are more flexible which can be explained through cultural and religious similarities and relative weakness of the Tibetan opposition leaders in case of Tibet and more sensitive issue in case of Taiwan that also deals with the world community and their possible engagement.
Further research topics could be devoted to the effectiveness of the Chinese re-education program and prospects for development of instruments of psychological warfare in XUAR.
[1] World Economic Outlook Database // The International Monetary Fund, 2018. URL: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01… (consulted at 06.12.2018).
[2] Military Strength Ranking // Global Firepower (GFP), 2018. URL: https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp (consulted at 06.12.2018).
[3] Лобанова Т. Н., Стратегическая коммуникация Китая в рамках БРИКС // Государственное управление. Электронный вестник. 2014. №47. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/strategicheskaya-kommunikatsiya-kitaya-v-ramkah-briks (consulted at 08.12.2018).
[4] Psychological warfare // RAND. 2018. URL: https://www.rand.org/topics/psychological-warfare.html (consulted at 07.12.2018).
[5] Крысько В. Г., Секреты психологической войны (цели, задачи, методы, формы, опыт). Минск, 1999. URL: http://svitk.ru/004_book_book/2b/465_krisko-sekreti_psihologiheskoy_voyni.php#_Toc55411408 (consulted at 07.12.2018).
[6] Пашенцев Е. Н., Стратегическая коммуникация и прогностическое оружие / Трансформация международных отношений в XXI веке / Отв. ред. М. В. Грановская, О. А. Тимакова. М.: Дипломатическая академия МИД России, 2017, p. 256.
[7] Task Force on Strategic Communication. Defense Science Board, January. 2008, p. 1.
[8] Principles of Strategic Communication / United States of America, Department of Defense. August 2008, p. 1. URL: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/dime/getDoc.cfm?fileID=142 (consulted at 08.12.2018).
[9] Sun Tzu, The Complete Art of War. Start Publishing LLC, 2012. URL: http://www.anzishaprize.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Tzu-Sun_-von-Clausewitz-General-Carl_-Machiavelli-Niccolo_-Jomini-Baron-de-The-Complete-Art-of-War-Start-Publishing-LLC-2013.pdf (consulted at 07.12.20180.)
[10] Люттвак Э. Н., Возвышение Китая наперекор логике стратегии / Пер. с англ. яз. Н. Н. Платошкина. М.: Русский фонд содействия образованию, 2016, p. 28 – 29.
[11] Clarke M., China's 'three warfares' in Xinjiang // East Asia Forum, 2017. URL: http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/11/27/chinas-three-warfares-in-xinjiang/ (consulted at 06.12.2018).
[12] Walton T., China's Three Warfares // Delex Special Report–3. Delex Systems, inc. 2012. URL: http://www.delex.com/data/files/Three%20Warfares.pdf (consulted at 07.12.2018).
[13] Пашенцев Е. Н., Стратегическая коммуникация Китая в Латинской Америке и ее интерпретация в США // Государственное управление. Электронный вестник. 2013, №36, p. 80.
[17] Huang J., Xi Jinping's Taiwan Policy: Boxing Taiwan In with the One-China Framework // University of California Press. 2017, p. 245 – 246. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w76wpm.16/ (consulted at 06.12.2018).
[18] Mumford A., Theory-Testing Uyghur Terrorism in China // Perspectives on Terrorism. Terrorism Research Institute, Vol. 12, №5, p 19. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/26515428?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents (consulted at: 06.12.2018).
[19] Idem, p. 19.
[20] Hasmath R., Managing China's Muslim Minorities: Migration, Labor and the Rise of Ethnoreligious Consciousness among Uyghurs in Urban Xinjiang / Barbalet J., Possamai A., Religion and the State: a Comparative Sociology. Anthem Press, 2011, p. 123. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wn0r14.11 (consulted at 06.12.2018).
[21] Thum R., China's Mass Internment Camps Have No Clear End in Sight // Foreign Policy, 2018. URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/22/chinas-mass-internment-camps-have-no-clear-end-in-sight/ (consulted at 07.12.2018).
[22] Ala M., China's Use of Psychological Warfare Against Uyghurs // Foreign Policy Journal, 2018. URL: https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2018/09/21/chinas-use-of-psychological-warfare-against-uyghurs/ (consulted at 06.12.2018).
[23] Zenz A., Leibold J., Chen Quanguo: The Strongman Behind Beijing's Securitization Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang // China Brief, 2017, Vol. 17, №12. URL: https://tibet.net/2017/09/chen-quanguo-the-strongman-behind-beijings-securitization-strategy-in-tibet-and-xinjiang/ (consulted at: 08.12.2018).
[24] Odgaard L., Nielsen T., China's Counterinsurgency Strategy in Tibet and Xinjiang // Journal of Contemporary China. 2014. № 87, p. 550. URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10670564.2013.843934 (consulted at: 06.12.2018).
[25] Liu J., Marlow I., Rare Tibet Trip Shows China Only Wants a Dalai Lama It Can Control // Bloomberg, 2018. URL: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-12-06/huawei-arrest-gives-u-s-leverage-over-china-on-technology (consulted at 08.12.2018).
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Okay so im gonna post links to the different tailights/rims.
You guys tell me which ones you like the best.
I have a 95 Milano Red Prelude if that helps your decision at all.
Im feeling Rim #1, but #3 is just plain ugly. and #2 i don't care for.
you can take a look in my sig if you want to see the 2nd option on a red lude.
rims 2 and 3 will look ridiculous. get somethin subtle but improves the car as a whole.
1st rims and smoke the stock tails!
I would smoke the stock tails but my mom won't let me lol.. my bro smoked his taillights before and NJ cops are douches and gave him a ticket so she doesnt want that to happen to me.
thanks for everyones input. I know rim #3 is bad but wanted to post anyway lol.
okay, i could prolly ask my brother but what exactly would i do to smoke them lightly.
get lighter tint. And if ur tails are too ****ty im selling mint stock ones.
so i just buy light tint and then spray them. okay.
If u do spray tint they will probably come out uneven. Take them off and take them to a car place that does tints and say u want them tinted to where u wont get much trouble from cops.
okay thanks, ill have to see how much some place will charge to do that.
Nah don't pay someone to do what you can do yourself. If you mess them up that bad, acetone the paint off and start again.
Have u ever done it on tail lights?
Way to be original in picking rim colors.
So over used I don't even have a choice.
I did it on turn signals. Same plastic and no problems with that at all.
rims 1 and stock tails. put money into something else beside your taillights!
Theres alot less plastic to cover on turn signals. Thats when they can be used, but when doing it on tails, u can clearly see the uneven sprays. Its very hard to get it perfect. And that paint isnt cheap. id just save frustration and shell out a couple more bucks to have the ease of a professional do it.
My brother smoked his tails so if im gonna do it ill just have him help. His came up good when he did it.
I think im probably going to go with rim #1.
Do you think it will look bad with the red lip since its a different color red than my car??
And you, you dont gonna be a jerk..
so to me they aren't over used.
Hmm buy my OEM modded tails. $90 shipped. They're mint and modded by clear altezzas. Meaning. They weren't modded the way most guys do it (via ceiling light tile). That method is sloppy.
Photos don't really do it justice. The difference is much greater in person.


Additionally, I will add this -- it is possible (but not certain) that my account was penalised for not honouring the Terms of Service, or posting off-centre, spammy, or irrelevant comments, as I did receive one warning for this in the recent past, when advertising an online petition.
However, I did not receive a Terms of Service violation at that time, but rather, I received a request to confirm my account via entering a reset code which was purportedly sent by Facebook to my cell phone. Only problem was, I had just changed said cell phone, as it was receiving spam text messages, and perhaps I had not updated my Facebook profile to a new cell phone. So, I selected the "Resent code via a [voice, landline] phone call" option, knowing that my home phone number, listed in my Facebook profile, was still current and that I still had access to my home phone (863-688-9880). However, I kept getting a string of ALL TYPES of error message (example: 'Our systems are currently overloaded. Please try again in a few minutes,' or even: 'You are requesting too many codes in a short period of time. Please try again later.' -- and see the attached screen shots in this email's attachments for clarification).
Thus, I am locked out. Please tell me what went wrong, and what proposed solution you might suggest.
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Submit your application today. All classes are being offered through our remote classroom experience.
Become a Cybersecurity Professional in 24 Weeks
Chicago Cybersecurity Boot Camp
Big Data needs big protection. That's because 90 percent of the world's data has been created in just the last two years*. And as computer networks grow, so too does the quantity of vulnerable information.
Northwestern Cybersecurity Boot Camp is a challenging, part-time program that takes a multidisciplinary approach in attaining proficiency in IT, networking, and modern information security throughout the course of 24 intensive weeks.
Gain experience with a host of popular tools such as Wireshark, Kali Linux, Metasploit, Nessus, and more.
Learn skills applicable to certifications such as the CompTIA Security+, Network+, Linux+, Server+, Cloud+, and certified Ethical Hacker (CEH).
Advance your skill set even if you're currently employed through convenient evening and weekend classes.
Benefit from a comprehensive set of career services to help equip you for success as you work to change career paths or advance in your current position.
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If you are eager to become a digital defender and learn how to keep data safe from prying eyes, or if any of the below describe you, enrolling in this program could help put you on the path to achieving your goals:
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Achieving your goals in cybersecurity requires not only deep security knowledge, but also experience with the application of that knowledge. Our curriculum is designed to give you both the knowledge you need to move toward the cybersecurity industry and ample experience applying that knowledge to real-world problems.
Throughout the program, you will learn tools and technologies vetted by current practitioners, and learn skills applicable to certifications expected of all serious security professionals.
At Northwestern Cybersecurity Boot Camp, learners get hands-on training in networking, systems, web technologies, databases, and defensive and offensive cybersecurity. You will also learn methods, techniques, and best practices for accurately conveying the severity of the risks facing an organization's security posture.
You'll learn from a skilled instructional team and gain real-world experience by collaborating with your peers. Through hands-on application, you'll gain the confidence you need to tap into the industry. The curriculum* will dive into the foundational skills for cybersecurity, including:
Packet Analysis
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Windows and Linux Administration Techniques
Windows and Linux Hardening
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Burp Suite
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Security Operations and Analytics
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PowerShell Scripting
*The material covered is subject to change. Our academic team adjusts to the market demand.
By the time you complete the program, you will know how to:
Conduct vulnerability assessments using tools like Metasploit to profile an application for vulnerabilities, and then exploit those vulnerabilities.
Configure machines on a virtual network, deploy them to the cloud, and investigate cloud security risks.
Identify suspicious patterns of user behavior to identify bots, intruders, and other malicious actors.
Write Bash scripts to automate security and operating systems tasks.
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By Sirak Solomun, 21, who is studying English and Eritrean Literature at the Adi Keih College of Arts and Social Science. He lives in Asmara, Eritrea. Please read his article and leave your thoughts and comments below.
"He who opens a school door, closes a prison." – Victor Hugo.
Once, before thousands of years man lived in savage communities, where his first tools were the spear and hunting trap. Where he ate vegetable foods in which he found them in his surroundings. However, in the course of time man improved his implements to bow, arrow, and fishing nets. Besides he supplant his early cave and rock shelter with more sophisticated modern artificial houses. In a span of a time man became less dependent on the day to day fortunes and change his way of life to agriculture, then to industrialization and then to today's world.
Man traversed a long and arduous way in order to reach contemporary development and industrialization. But, unfortunately, the contemporary industrialization is only confined in a very small part of the world. Only a person can find sophisticated development in North America, some part of Europe and some part of Asia. And one can also find mounting improvements in other part of the world. But Africa is an exception to this kind of development, except for few countries, almost all the countries of the continent are still in the agricultural stage, in which they are one step behind from the global race.
Which will then raise a question why only this part of the world is lagging behind, are the Americans, Europeans or Asians 'epic-minded' and the Africans 'idle-minded'? Did the Europeans receive some sort of knack of developments from 'Higher-Authority'? Or is it a curse or predestined fate that Africa is falling behind in progress and developments? The answers for the above questions are, bluntly No.
The Europeans or Americans reached today's stage because they have schools who taught their individuals to be self-respecting, self-reliant and efficient–to care for their society, to play their part to bear the burdens of the world in their shoulders, to assist themselves by adding to the happiness of others. In which it will then serve to upsurge the human efficiency, render invaluable progresses and developments to their society and shut down the prison of ineptitude, inefficiency and maladroitness.
Education is nothing but imparting knowledge or skill through the gradual process of learning. It is a beacon illuminating the road to further development, growth and prosperity. It enables individuals to march onward, enlightening ever new sides of innovation. So, it is only education that can work as a valuable instrument to remove individuals from the chains of prison.
It is through education that individuals transform objects existing in nature into more productive and fruitful goods. Not only has this but individuals also, through education, can create objects which are not available in ready-made form in the world. Laconically, education is a super powerful instrument that accelerates the development, growth and prosperity of any society and closes any prison of inefficiency, illiteracy, and ignorance.
Due regard to the nature, Africa as a continent is blessed with many natural resources but unfortunately almost all the member states are the captives of poverty, ignorance and obliviousness. Not only Africans fail to utilise their natural resources appropriately to their further development but they also fail to properly exploit their human resources through proper education, which hamper the continent to hastily pace forward.
Contrasting from the rest of the world in the past century Africa witness as many scourge and baneful wars, economic depressions, brain drains and other things. Besides until this moment African scholastic institutions are not much competitive with the other institutions of the world and more importantly they don't render a momentous innovation to the world as of the rest continents. Africa as a continent is struggling in generating and producing individuals with novel ideas, which can aid the continent to be a global competitive player and this is due to the evident fact that the schools that are unbolted in this continent are schools which can't release individuals from the prisons of inefficiency, illiteracy, and ignorance.
When God create human beings, he created all-of-them the same. God doesn't create Europeans or American's as extraordinary individuals and African's as unexceptional individuals. The point that paves a way for Europeans or American's to become highly developed and for the African's to become exceedingly underdeveloped is the schools they open to their individuals.
In the case of Europe or America, they possess schools who taught their individuals to be self-respecting, self-reliant and efficient. And as such they hit two birds with a same stone, one they produce individuals who are competent enough to yield and herald something new to the world and on top of that they craft individuals who are self-confident, proficient, tolerant to any differences, cognizant and cautious to all the laws of the land. While in the case of Africa the situation is different, schools taught individuals on the other way round.
In Africa individuals aren't taught as independent and self-innovative individuals rather they are taught for social purposes. And consistent with this Elbert Hubbard once alleged that education for social purposes isn't of any more use than a razor purchased for a like use. An education which merely fits a person to prey on society, and occasionally slash it up, is a predatory preparation for a life of uselessness, and closes no prison. Rather it opens a prison and takes captive at least one man.
In the end of it all, Hugo was endeavouring to expound the fact that we close prison of witlessness and illiteracy by simply opening a school, a school which make individuals free from the shackles and handcuffs of ignorance and that tends to augment human efficiency. Hubbard admitted the fact that the safest way by which we can raze the existent prisons are by teaching individuals or children's to work, play, laugh, study, think, and yet again work.
Brother you really refelect, in a very terse and brief, what african schools should have to do, big hand for u.
U did a great job, ur analysis, flow of idea, ur argument, slpendid.
Sirak, u prove that u r a litreature student, well done.
It becomes unindisputable fact that Africa is lagging behind, actually among other things, because the member states which form the continent fail to establish a well erected schools who tought their students to think critically, students who are well efficent. Sirak, candidly you articulated the essay in a way which is brife, consice and understandable. You deserve to win.


Nigeria Anderson is owner, Nigeria All Fun Productions, which includes Urban Buzz Magazine, "Where Key Players Speak!," "Urban Buzz Magazine Gospel Show," and UrbanBuzzTv in production. Nigeria All Fun Productions an entertainment company, which represent creative and talented artists of all genre.
Nigeria's background includes working for top entertainment companies such as Home Box Office, Lamcit Media Productions and Turner Broadcasting. It was just a matter of time before branching off and creating Nigeria All Fun Productions. Nigeria has worked with a host of CEO's, celebrities and performing artists. Nigeria's marketing and promotion is top notch. It is her niche which has kept Urban Buzz Magazine in the forefront. Now in the digital era, Nigeria is hopeful to take her company to the next level.
After Maceo warmed us up. Here he comes the man of the hour. PRINCE! Plucking them strings on his guitar like, what did you come here to do? "I hope ya'll came to party because that's what we are getting ready to do." And that is exactly what we did. We partied like it was 1999. When there was no recession. When we all admired him for making the song in 1982, praying we would be alive to dance and celebrate in 1999. Now 11years later we are still having a party. Timeless, is his creative sound of musical genius. Second on stage Ms. Shelia E. a drummer and percussionist, let the second jam session begin. It was great to see those 2 on stage playing and rocking the crowd. PRINCE is a musical living legend for so many reasons. I am going to talk about them all.
NOTHING is the title of the 4th studio album from Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo and Shae Haley collectively, the three musicians,producers, singers and songwriters known as N.E.R.D. (No-one Ever Really Dies). Joined forces in 2000. Nothing is another master of musical mixes, that will have your head bobbing. Their unique sound sets N.E.R.D a part from what you may be use to hearing now and days. Their mix of nostalgia vs future is hard to do but they do it well.
Jay-Z born December 4th, just turned 40years old, and is the $400 million dollar man. The media is all over Jay-Z a young entrepreneur from Brooklyn Projects. Jay-Z is on every music and business magazine across the world. The media is calling Jay-Z the "Rap Mogul," "Rags to Riches," "Street Hustler Gone Good," "Mega Star," "Bigger than Hip-hop," and "Cultural Icon." Preachers are calling him the devil and fans are calling him Hov. The Urban Buzz Magazine "Where Key Players Speak!" well, we call him a real "Key Player" in the game.
This is the second time Urban Buzz Magazine is doing a story about Jay-Z. The first was back in 1999 our story "I Went From Luke Warm To Hot." We knew then Jay-Z was going to be a mainstay in the industry. So, after watching him climb through the media jungle and mastering the business. It was time for us to write about Mr. Shawn Carter. Jay-Z has a host of collaborations under his belt and contributed to the careers of various artists in entertainment. There is an industry saying, when you are hot you're hot. During that time when the light is on you, you must shine. Jay-Z spotlight has him in company of the industry's top money makers. Simply because real money, know real money and Jay-Z is all about his money. Featured on Forbes and in conversations with Warren Buffeit, Barclay, Bloomberg, Clinton (former President), Obama (President) Madison Square Garden, Bing, Nets, Yankees, MTV and yep Oprah has jumped on board.


text:
La Literaturfest Kleinwalsertal es un festival literario que tiene lugar en el valle de Kleinwalsertal en la región de Voralberg en Austria.

Este festival propone lecturas y eventos en lugares poco comunes del valle, ya sea en un lugar especial, como una piscina, o itinerante con lecturas realizadas a pie o en autobús.

Historia
La Literaturfest Kleinwalsertal es un proyecto de cooperación entre el Kleinwalsertal Tourismus eGen y la red Literatur-Vorarlberg, que incluye la participación de la Literaturhaus Allgäu. El festival es un evento bienal, cuya primera edición tuvo lugar en el otoño de 2017.

Las dos primeras ediciones se realizaron durante 2 y 3 días y se estructuraron en torno a un tema central. Los eventos literarios programados fueron lecturas y debates en presencia de los autores, recorridos de lectura, exhibiciones y un concurso de slam.

En el valle vecino, el festival Walserherbst, otro festival cultural tiene lugar cada año al final del verano en la Reserva de la Biosfera Großes Walsertal.

Edición 2017
El tema de este estreno, que tuvo lugar los días 29 y 30 de septiembre de 2017, fue "Sich aufmachen! "(¡Comienza!)

Michael Stavarič inauguró esta edición con una lectura de su novela Stillborn y una discusión.

Desde el principio, el festival ha declarado su voluntad de llevar literatura a lugares donde no suele estar presente, manteniendo los temas.

Por ejemplo, hubo lecturas sobre el rescate de dialectos en la estación de rescate de la montaña en Mittelberg, en la sala de reuniones del banco privado Walser, en la cocina del Hotel Birkenhöhe o en el autobús "histórico" del estacionamiento de Moos en Mittelberg.

También se realizó una exposición en el Walserdruck de Riezlern, en la biblioteca de Mittelberg, en el Walserhaus o en la residencia del artista de la xilografía Detlef Willand con una performance que mezclaba palabras y dibujos.

También abrieron sus espacios la Alte Krone y los centros turísticos de valle y montaña del Walmendingerhorn, así como el restaurante de montaña, donde tuvo lugar una batalla de poesía y slam entre Peter Fitz (Austria) y Alex Burkhard (Alemania).

Edición 2019
La segunda edición tuvo lugar los días 11, 12 y 13 de octubre de 2019 y tuvo como tema: "Überschreiten" (¡Ir más allá!).

El festival, que así se llevó a cabo durante 3 días, comenzó con una noche enteramente dedicada a una competencia de slam, Slam im Tal #8, con la actuación de un panel de jóvenes artistas de habla alemana en competencia.

Y como en la edición de 2017, los autores y participantes se encontraron en lugares raramente asociados con la literatura: una iglesia, una piscina o un búnker. La elección de estos espacios está ligada al contenido literario de las obras que son el escenario, según el afán de los organizadores del festival de crear una fuerte interacción entre ambos.

El escenario de "Panorama Poetry" fue por lo tanto un centro turístico de alta montaña, Walmendingerhornbahn en Mittelberg. Para esta edición, en la ciudad de Riezler se abrieron la iglesia parroquial, el Almhof Rupp, la piscina, el salón del museo y el búnker del centro escolar como lugares para intentar conectar textos, actores y espacios en una relación significativa. Esta última, por ejemplo, se utilizó para presentar una "novela escolar", resultado de un proceso de escritura colectiva llevado a cabo por dos clases de Kleinwalsertal.

Edición 2021
La próxima edición está programada para el otoño 2021.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial

Festivales literarios

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On this page you can purchase a single nonprofit ad or package of ads. Questions? Problems? Please use the contact form or give us a call at 202-742-6873. You can also pay for your advertisement by phone, or we can invoice you.


The project presented in November 2005, the Special Model Car World Atlantic Volkswagen Golf Variant (estate) is not only available as petrol and TDI, but also as a bi-fueled vehicle (Golf Variant BiFuel). The VW Golf Variant Atlantic is equipped among other things with the standard Climatic air conditioning, radio RCD 200 with MP3 function and a technology package with radio remote control central locking and alarm system. Furthermore, it can be seen, the Volkswagen Golf Variant Atlantic to sports seats with improved lateral support and new materials, a new instrument panel and turn signal inserts in the red tail lights. A business package that includes a universal phone preparation, lumbar support in the front seats, a front center armrest and a net partition for boot is available at extra cost for the VW Golf Variant Atlantic. The customer benefit is said to be well over 1000 euros according to VW. The Golf Estate is one of the most popular station wagons in the compact class. Since the debut of the current generation more than 625 700 cars of the Volkswagen Golf Variant have been delivered worldwide.


text:
Q: Displaying polygons from JSON file with Google Maps API I'm able to load a JSON file into a page (currently using jQuery), and set the content as a variable in the page.
The JSON includes references to building outlines, as follows;
[
    {
        "buildingNumber":"7",
        "buildingDescription":"Building Seven",
        "spatial":{
            "points":
                [
                    "-1.2345678,50.9876543",
                    "-1.2345677,50.9876544",
                    "-1.2345676,50.9876545",
                    "-1.2345675,50.9876546"
                ]
        }
    }
]

Using jQuery's $.each, I can load the variable and iterate through the buildings, additionally, per building, I can iterate through the points quite simply.
The problem comes with the fact that Google only appear to document the following method for describing polygons;
var triangleCoords = [
    new google.maps.LatLng(25.774252, -80.190262),
    new google.maps.LatLng(18.466465, -66.118292),
    new google.maps.LatLng(32.321384, -64.75737)
];

That makes sense, but I can't see how to get from the arrays I currently have to this format. I'd really appreciate any pointers on where to start in moving from one to the other, or another way to describe the polygons.
I've looked into the array.push() function, and while it seems like the locical way to go, I can't see how to dynamically create variables based on the iterative values from the array.
Thanks

A: Currently your points are strings.  Convert them to google.maps.LatLng objects:
var point = "-1.2345678,50.9876543";
var coords = point.split(",");
var pt = new google.maps.LatLng(parseFloat(coords[0]),
                                parseFloat(coords[1]));

Then push the resulting google.maps.LatLng objects onto your "path" array for the Polygons.

A: You've got an array of strings representing latitude and longitude, and you need an array of google.maps.LatLng.  I'd use the array.map() function - docs here.
var polyCoords = spatial.points.map(function(point) {
    var pointCoords = point.split(',');
    return new google.maps.LatLng(
        parseFloat(pointCoords[0]),
        parseFloat(pointCoords[1]));
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Dr. Matt Butler '02
Surgeon Helps Patients Heal from Traumatic Injuries
by Josh Stowe
Dr. Matt Butler '02 had planned to spend his day performing previously scheduled procedures when a trauma nurse arrived with chilling news: a bridge beam had slipped and sliced off a worker's arm above the elbow.
Butler canceled his appointments, assessed the patient, whose arm had been placed on ice, and began a rare and painstaking procedure to save the limb. When he emerged from the operating room five hours later, he had successfully reattached the man's arm, putting him on the road to recovery.
The high-stakes surgery was another chance for Butler, a surgeon at the Hand to Shoulder Center in Appleton, Wisconsin, to make a difference in his daily work.
"There's a lot of industry in the area," says Butler, who performs about 700 surgeries and procedures each year. "We see bad things frequently—mangling injuries, people who put their hands in bad places—but this one was unique. It certainly stands out."
And while the limb reattachment may have been more dramatic than most surgeries, Butler says, he regularly treats serious injuries and has completed a number of digital replantation surgeries.
"If someone runs their hand through a table saw and cuts off fingers, then it can be fairly time-intense, meticulous, painstaking work to reattach those tiny structures, including the blood vessels," he says.
Butler also performs free flap or free tissue transfers, surgeries where he must transfer a muscle or a piece of tissue from one part of the body to another.
"The most common reason for that is if somebody has a compound leg fracture where the bone has come through the skin and there's no skin or tissue to cover the fracture site," he says. "We'll frequently take a muscle from somewhere else in the body—their leg or their back—and hook it up to the blood vessels in the leg to cover that area. And I'm not a leg surgeon per se, but I'm able to do that because of the skill set that we learned in hand surgery that includes microvascular work."
Handling more severe injuries requires both attention to detail and calmness under pressure.
"You have to learn how to control your emotions in those situations," Butler says. "There are certain personality types that are more cut out for it, and that's one of those things that you learn about yourself through the process of going through college and medical school. You figure out if you have that emotional component to be able to deal with those situations.
"You learn it. There's still definitely stress involved, and the gravity of the situation is not ever lost on me when I'm in the midst of it, but your hands can't shake if you're working under the microscope. You have to control your breathing and your emotions to be able to block those things out."
When he's not handling more urgent surgeries, Butler tackles a number of routine elective procedures to treat everything from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome to torn rotator cuffs, shoulder and hand arthritis, tennis elbow, and trigger finger—a condition where a finger is stuck in a bent position.
Butler has worked in his practice, which serves as a regional hub for northeast Wisconsin, since 2012. After graduating from Notre Dame, he attended medical school at the University of Florida and spent five years at Vanderbilt University for his orthopedic surgery residency, followed by a year in Indianapolis for hand surgery training.
He draws great satisfaction from his work to help people who've suffered traumatic injuries, providing the expertise they need to begin the process of healing.
"It's tremendously gratifying, and frequently you get to see immediate results from it," Butler says. "There are people who have long-term problems where you're seeing them over a period of time, but for the most part, I see people for a very short segment of their life. It happens to be in a time where they have something fairly dramatic going on, and you get to see them through that and see the impact."


Using the internet has become a staple of most people�s lives. Our culture has become digital and we are constantly online. Young and old, people of all kinds have picked up an online identity. That identity depends on the user�s behavior. Having observed a variety of people, I did notice that older web users are more focused on simple tasks, doing only one or two things at a time. Younger users were more active, using multiple web tabs, and frequently switching between them. These contrasting behaviors must be understood for marketers to effectively use the internet medium, at least for now.
During a recent field study of a variety of web users, it was dawned on me that his contrast in behaviors is unique to our time. As younger users get older, will they slow their internet use? I doubt it. As I observed a young man, early 20�s, browse the web, he was doing some reading on one tab, facebook open on another, and youtube�s home page. What was more interesting was how he was also using his smartphone to text his friend. I also observed a young woman�s web habits. She also used multiple tabs, but had much more open than the man. Her tabs included facebook, twitter, and linkedin, as well as several online publications. So many tabs squished together I couldn�t read the titles. Although her phone was on the table, she managed to refrain from using it during my observation. This use of the internet is fascinating, and may shed light on how to best target younger users. My study also included two older users. These folks were at least over fifty years old, but were intelligent enough to guide themselves around the internet. The first subject was leaning back in his chair, thoughtfully pondering a news article on CNN.com. He did not have any other tabs open. As he scrolled through the text and finished, he navigated back to the home page and began to read another article. After this, he typed in the url to his email, and began to read through and reply to his messages. The second, older subject was using facebook. Again, this was the only tab open. The man was scrolling through the feed and clicking on different news articles that had been shared by his �liked� pages. One was about science, another about the State of the Union address. He �liked� the science article, but not the one about the address. Being in this environment, and observing these people though a marketing lens gave me a different perspective than how I typically observe these situations.
I would be shocked if younger people end up slowing down their internet use to the degree of how older folks use it today. However, these distinct habits show that specific work needs to be done for each group when using the internet to advertise to users. Perhaps a more attention grabbing ad needs to be used to attract younger users, and a more tasteful, artistic ad could be effective with older users. These behaviors should continuously be under observation as each new generation is introduced to the internet.


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Well insulated 2BR 2 BA home with level yard and several hundred feet of creek frontage. The yard has an abundance of flowers and shrubs. Start your own business with the 32 x 30 metal building that current owner is using as a mechanics shop. Sit on the wrap around deck and enjoy the sounds of the fast flowing Ellijay creek. There is a RV hookup with power and septic.


A little less than eleven years ago, Disney's Animal Kingdom opened with a roar. It was the last park to open, to date, in Florida. As with all Disney properties, nothing ever opens in a completed state, or will ever be complete. For the second phase of Disney's Animal Kingdom, the park would move beyond the heart of Africa to the "population explosions" and "wild places" of Asia.
Today, Disney's Animal Kingdom's Asia turns ten. The past decade has brought many wonderful interactions, experiences, and insights from Asia to the many guests of Serka Zong and Anandapur. Anandapur, in Sanskrit, means "place of all delight." A meaning Asia has certainly lived up to over the past ten years, and a tradition that it will carry with it for many more decades. Happy birthday Asia!
I wrote about this in my blog as well, as this date has a personal connection for me. March 18 is also my Father's birthday. We were actually there for the opening day of Asia and to celebrate his birthday. Unfortunately, this would turn out to be his last, as he passed away in June of that year. For that reason, Asia has a very personal meaning for me.


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RETAIL: Caltex, Fruit & Veg In New Venture
Pioneer Launches Education And Community Trust
Business Welcomes Eskom's Move
Does Your Brain Need a Holiday Too?
Pick n Pay Make Money Transfer Easy
Black & Veatch Opens New Office to Extend African Footprint
Cape Town-based Chevron and retailer Fruit & Veg City announced a ten-year strategic alliance to rollout FRESHSTOP convenience stores across the national network of Caltex service stations. Based on a successful pilot programme at four locations in Cape Town, the next-generation, stop-shop-and-go stores offer South African consumers and commuters an unmatched selection of fresh produce and ready-made meals.
Open 24/7, FRESHSTOP stores offers on-the-go consumers freshly-baked breads and pastries, a braai-friendly Deli & Meat section and an extensive fresh produce section with seasonal fruit and local vegetables supplied and stocked by the Fruit & Veg City distribution network. Based on a strong emphasis on freshness – with 25-30 percent of floor space devoted to fresh produce – the store also features a variety of salads, smoothies and fresh dairy products. For those with limited time, 'The Pitstop Café' serves crispy fried chicken, pizzas and a legendary breakfast bun (which despite its name, can be ordered anytime of the day). In addition, the FRESHSTOP coffee counter whips up quick cappuccinos, espressos or regular filter coffees day and night. For added convenience, a grocery section also stocks everyday essentials from cleaning products to canned goods and more.
"Fruit & Veg City is proud to collaborate with Chevron and its extensive network of Caltex service stations to introduce this innovative convenience store format," said Fruit & Veg City CEO Brian Coppin. "Addressing South Africans' growing demand for convenient, one-stop retail environments with fresh and healthy food alternatives is a huge opportunity for us, and we plan to maintain the best offering in this competitive retail category."
Exclusively available to Caltex retailers as franchises, FRESHSTOP stores will be introduced in a phased approach, starting with the Western Cape, followed by Gauteng. The conversion of existing Star Mart stores will take 10-15 working days and many of the elements of the Food Lover's Market – Fruit & Veg City's new retail concept store – will be incorporated into the layout, design and products on offer at the FRESHSTOP stores.
"A strong differentiator for our service offering, FRESHSTOP offers time-conscious customers the opportunity to conveniently fill up on wholesome foods and snacks, as well as premium Caltex fuels," commented Wayne Klahs, Chevron's vice-president of marketing for Africa, Europe and Pakistan. "We expect the FRESHSTOP store concept to be positively received by our network of service stations and to act as a powerful platform that enhances our retailers' value proposition for future growth."
Based on face-to-face interviews with more than 400 customers between February 14 and May 20, 2009 at four FRESHSTOP stores across Cape Town, the results of the trial indicate a strong appetite for, and satisfaction with, the retail concept. Some of the findings indicate that:
- 98 percent consider FRESHSTOP an improvement on the previous convenience store on-site
- 96 percent see the FRESHSTOP store as a complement to the Caltex image
- 94 percent would be more likely to purchase from the store because of the FRESHSTOP store
- 82 percent indicated that FRESHSTOP would be their first choice among petrol service station convenience stores.
"The alignment of the Caltex and FRESHSTOP brands on this strategic alliance is complemented by a strong cultural fit of our two companies that combines Chevron's global perspective with the savvy, local focus of an entrepreneurial organisation like Fruit & Veg City," added Klahs. "We look forward to growing a mutually beneficial and profitable relationship in the years ahead."


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Charles Douglas visits the wild and beautiful edge of Scotland and provides an alternative history guide to the whisky islands
By Charles Douglas
Fifteen years ago, a bridge was opened to span the half kilometre of water between Kyle of Lochalsh on the Scottish mainland and Kyleakin on the Isle of Skye. It revolutionised vehicle travel to the Western Isles, hitherto largely dependent upon ferries or short-haul flights. It now meant that instead of catching the CalMac from Mallaig to Armadale, those seeking to explore this most romantically associated Hebridean island could now, as an alternative, make their own way (now toll-free) to the small island towns of Broadford, Armadale, Portree and Uig. For the islanders, who were initially resistant to change, the commercial opportunities eventually escalated.
Of all of Scotland's islands, Skye resounds to the memory of that summer night in 1746 when the fugitive Prince Charles Edward Stuart landed at Portree disguised as a woman and escaped to France right under the noses of Government troops. Commemorated in perhaps the most lyrical and famous of Scottish songs, that story is now etched into the psyche of every expatriate Scot, regardless of the political allegiances followed by their ancestors.
Twenty first century Skye, however, flourishes with a mixed economy of tourism, agriculture, fishing and Scotch whisky blending and distillation. A relative newcomer is the Gaelic language college Sabhal Mõr Ostaig, opened in 1973, but undeniably appropriate for an island where in the last century more than 75 per cent of the native population spoke the language.
Its decline proved a debatable obstacle to those determined to preserve a fading Hebridean culture. At the last census there were approximately 60,000 Gaelic speakers in Scotland, approximately 1.2 per cent of the population, and these were largely located in the Western Isles. Whether or not bi-lingual road signs can really make a difference remains to be seen in an age when the seductive and destructive influences of the outside world are impossible to ignore.
Key visitor attractions on the Isle of Skye are, on the west coast, Dunvegan Castle, ancestral stronghold of Clan Macleod, and, to the south, the Clan Donald Visitor Centre at Armadale Castle. While visiting Dunvegan, a diversion to the Talisker Distillery overlooking Loch Harport, is recommended. To the north, the spectacular Cuillin mountains soar into the sky, circled by golden eagles. This is a wild and dramatic landscape is very popular with the world's mountaineers.
To the south, the scenery is less hostile. At Eilean Iarmain, the former merchant banker Sir Iain Noble's company Pràban na Linne blends Mac na Mara ("son of the sea"), Tè Bheag nan Eilean ("wee dram of the isles") and Poit Dhubh ("black pot").
Of course no visit for the whisky lover would be complete without a stop at Talisker. Built in 1831 at Carbost, the distillery operates five stills, two wash stills and three spirit stills. Talisker, know for its spicer peppery notes, was the favourite whisky of writers Robert Louis Stevenson and Henry Vollam Morton.
The Scottish Government-owned Caledonian MacBrayne (www.calmac.co.uk) has a virtual monopoly on west coast sea transport and its chief mainland access points are from Ardrossan, for Arran; from Kennacraig on Kintyre for Islay and Jura; Oban for Colonsay and Oronsay, Mull, Coll, Tiree and Barra; from Uig on Skye for North Uist and Harris, and from Ullapool for Lewis.
For those with a genetic Western Isles connection, there is an almost spiritual response when the subject arises; a glazed, far-away expression transforms the faces. They will, in the words of an old Hebridean saying, "have seen the Uists."
More than a thousand years ago, a kingdom was created out of the Inner and Outer Hebrides, from the Butt of Lewis to the north, to the Isle of Man off the coast of England to the south. The centre of this kingdom which comprised a necklace of uniquely individual islands in eastern extremities of the Atlantic Ocean, was Islay, mediaeval seat of the all powerful lords of the Isles.
In the 12th century Somerled, Lord of Argyll and the Isles, unable to overcome the constant threat of Norse invasion, married Ragnhildis, daughter of King Olave the Red of Norway. Through marriage and subsequent conquest, this warrior chief acquired supreme power throughout a seascape region of scattered communities, all paying homage to their overlord.
Today, Islay has a rather different celebrity status being notable for its eight distilleries – Ardbeg, Bowmore, Bruichladdich, Bunnahabhain, Caol Ila, Lagavlin, Laphroaig, and the more recent Kilchoman, opened in 2004. Each produces a rich and peaty single malt which somehow defines the island, as does the single malt found on adjacent Jura.
After Somerled's death, his territories were dispersed among his sons, and through them descend the great Western Highland and Island clans of MacDougall of Argyll and Lorne, and Clan Donald, otherwise known as the MacDonalds of Islay. Their great castles, and the largely ruined fortifications of those who followed them, can still be found: Finlaggan on Islay, Duart on Mull, Kisimul on Barra, Armadale, Uisdein, Dunvegan and Duntulm on Skye, and Borve on Benbecula. In the 19th century, rich industrialists paid out fortunes to create great mansion houses in homage to their wealth: Torosay Castle on Mull, Kinloch Castle on Rum, and Amhuinnsidhe on Harris, and Lews Castle on Lewis.
They came here for the sporting life, salmon fishing and stalking the deer, and, in common with the tourists of today, to breathe in the overwhelming tranquillity of the big sky and vast, restless ocean. In the 19th century, writers such as George Orwell and Sir Compton Mackenzie sought inspiration here. Scotland's Western Isles remain among the last, genuinely unspoiled wilderness areas of the planet and you never get tired of exploring them.
South east of Jura are the Small Isles – Rum, Eigg, Muck and Canna. The latter is owned by the National Trust for Scotland and run as a conservation area. Rum is owned by the Nature Conservancy Council and an important study site for Red Deer conservation. Both Muck and Eigg are privately owned, self-sufficient island communities and popular anchorages for the seasonal west coast sailing fraternity.
From Craignure, the ferry terminal on Mull close to the birthplace of Lachlan MacQuarrie, the "father" of modern Australia, the A848 sweeps north along the coastline to the picture postcard village of Tobermory. Notable for its distillery, and the Spanish galleon which sank in the bay following the Spanish Armada of 1588, the multi-coloured sea front here featured as the backdrop for the immensely popular children's television series Balamory. South east from Craignure, the A849 runs past the ancient clan Maclean clifftop castle of Duart, and onward to Fionnphort, the ferry port for the sacred island of Iona.
Some 10 miles east of Mull, I have on two occasions sailed around the extraordinary pillar island of Staffa and peered deep into the magical Fingal's Cave with the sound of Felix Mendelssohn's inspired Hebridean Overture ringing in my ears. Nobody could ever suggest that the Western Isles is deplete of wonders. To the south of Mull, below Scarba, you can hear the roar of Corryvreckan, the "cauldron of the plaid", the third largest whirlpool in the world - a great place to enjoy a malt.
There is an old saying in the Western Isles that at the time of the Biblical flood, the MacNeil of Barra had his own boat. Such was the island way of life then and now. Today, the 47th McNeill of Barra , whose father tutored Barack Obama in law, still has a home on the island and his ancestral stronghold of Kisimul continues to loom over the island's Castlebay. It is open to the public during the summer months. Barra was the setting for the famous 1954 Ealing Comedy film Whisky Galore. Today it boasts a toffee factory and has planning permission for a brand new distillery at Borve. The island of Mingulay, subject of another Scottish song, is situated off-shore.
With ferries and flights now available on the Sabbath, a service that was controversially introduced last year, times are changing on our final island of Lewis. Stornoway, the capital town of Lewis and home of the Western Island Council, has a rich maritime industry, but an unfortunate reputation for subsistence survival which dates from when it was owned by the Edwardian soap tycoon Lord Leverhulme. In recent years, however, the local economy has diversified into IT and modest wind-power generation.
There are also two remaining Harris Tweed mills – Carloway and Shawbost - which, with appropriate Government funding and a more united front, are in a position to revive the manufacture, sales and reputation of one of the finest and endurable fashion fabrics in the world.
Whisky also weaves its way through this island with then recently opened Abhainn Dearg. This farm house distillery, at Carnish, Uig has already released its first spirit, and the founder, Mark Tayburn, was determined to produce a whisky that was unique to Lewis and to be able to have it on sale to the visitors who attend the MOD in 2011.
On Lewis, I inevitably find my way to Callanish, another good place to savour an outdoor malt, to marvel at the regiment of wind-polished standing stones dating from 2900 BC. Such survivors of a bygone, undocumented age are curiously reassuring in a self-destructive world, and on a clear day, as I pause beside the Visitor Centre to look south towards the hills of Harris which form the shape of the mystical "Sleeping Beauty" mountain, so called because the horizon resembles the profile of a reclining woman, the troubles of every day existence evaporate like morning mist.
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Why Did Trump and Clinton Ignore Syria Last Night?
The death toll is picking up, but it's off the campaign radar.
Max J. Rosenthal
Bio | Follow
Basem Ayoubi/ImagesLive/ZUMA Press
Even by the already horrific standards of the Syrian civil war, the violence in the city of Aleppo during the past week has been brutal. Russian and Syrian government airstrikes killed more than 300 people, targeted the last vital scraps of medical services in rebel-held areas, and used bunker-busting bombs in what UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon called "new depths of barbarity." The attacks only added to the 25,000 people who have died in Syria since a temporary truce ended in April, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights.
Yet with the carnage in Syria only getting worse, neither Donald Trump nor Hillary Clinton discussed the Syrian civil war during Monday night's presidential debate, to the dismay of analysts and activists. "The fact that it wasn't mentioned in the presidential debate is depressing, to say the least," says Kenan Rahmani, a legal and policy adviser to the Syria Campaign, an advocacy group that focuses on protecting Syrian civilians. "This [was] one of the worst weekends since the start of the conflict." Lena Arkawi, the spokeswoman for the American Relief Coalition for Syria, issued a statement on Tuesday saying her group was "deeply disappointed by the utter failure of last night's debate to even mention Syria. That oversight is far more telling than Gary Johnson's Aleppo gaffe."
The candidates did mention Syria once during the 90-minute debate, but only in passing. "We're hoping that within the year we'll be able to push ISIS out of Iraq and then, you know, really squeeze them in Syria," Clinton said while talking about her plans for the anti-ISIS campaign. Trump did not speak about Syria at all. That followed the pattern of the campaign, during which the candidates have been pressed for their plans to fight ISIS in Iraq and Syria but have paid little attention to the civil war between the Syrian government and the armed groups that oppose it.
But Shadi Hamid, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution's Center for Middle East Policy, says there's no way to separate these issues cleanly. "It contributes to all these other problems," he says. "So there's no way to fight ISIS unless you're also willing to talk seriously about Syria, the Syrian civil war being one of the main contributors to ISIS's rise. If we want to talk about Iraq, then you have to talk about Syria. If you want to even talk about the future of the European project, you have to be willing to talk about the Syrian refugee crisis."
Both Trump and Clinton may have good reasons for dodging the topic. "It's difficult for Hillary, because to talk about how Syria's gotten so bad would require some serious criticism of the Obama administration," Hamid points out. "It's a complicated issue to address for someone who was Obama's secretary of state until 2013."
Clinton did push for stronger action against the Syrian government while in office, which may make it easier for her to take on Obama's policies. But her support for using more force against the Assad regime may not be popular. She's notably in favor of a no-fly-zone to protect Syrian civilians, a policy that could potentially bring American aircraft into a dangerous direct conflict with Russian jets. "The last thing you want is to provoke a conflict with the Russians," Lawrence Korb, a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, told the Huffington Post on Monday night.
"I think [a no-fly-zone is] smart policy, but Americans may not necessarily be excited about that prospect of getting more involved in Syria," Hamid says. A poll conducted by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs in August found that while 72 percent of Americans backed airstrikes against ISIS, support for a no-fly-zone was 20 points lower.
Meanwhile, Trump wants to forge a closer anti-ISIS partnership with Russia, which has relentlessly bombed civilians on behalf of the Syrian government while targeting hospitals and potentially even a UN aid convoy last week. If that partnership carried over into the larger war, it would place him on the side of the Syrian regime and its allies, who have killed the overwhelming majority of civilians during the past five years.
"Russia, according to the Syrian Network for Human Rights, has killed more Syrian civilians now than ISIS," Rahmani says. He is currently hosting Aleppo's now-famous White Helmet rescue workers during their trip to the United States, and he says they are troubled by Trump's affinity for Russian President Vladimir Putin. "Given Russia's significant role in killing Syrian civilians, both for me personally and for White Helmets, it's difficult to imagine how we could have a president of the United States speak openly in a praiseworthy way of Vladimir Putin."
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Home Biography Biography of Gioachino Antonio Rossini
Biography of Gioachino Antonio Rossini
Gioachino Antonio Rossini was born in Pesaro, February 29 is a well-known composer of Italian nationality. He was born in the midst of a family that loved music. Giuseppe, his father, is a musical instrument trumpet player. His mother, Anna, was a singer. In 1805, when Rossini ewean thirteen, he appeared at the theater `s Commune in Paër Camilla. This is the first public appearance to sing. At the age of fourteen, Rossini studied cello at the Conservatorio Cavedagni, Bologna. He then studied the ability to play the cello under the guidance of Padre PS Mattei in 1807. Rossini was also a skilled trumpet player, he followed his father's footsteps.
His first opera, La cambiale di matrimonio (marriage contract) is produced at Venice when he was eighteen years old. Two years earlier, he had received the award at the Bologna Conservatorio to work his choir singing, "Il Pianto Armonia sulla morte d` d `Orfeo '. Between 1810 and 1813, Rossini created a lot of opera with mixed success.
All the memories of these works as if drowned by the huge success of his work, "Tancredi". "Tancredi" is an opera in two acts by composer by Rossini and poetic writer, Luigi Lechi. This opera is based on the show `Tancrède 'by Voltaire, in 1759. Composed by Rossini's first opera performed at the Teatro La Fenice on February 6, 1813. The first opera composed by Rossini is supposed to end with a cover story that happy, but he changed it to a tragic ending.
In 1815, Rossini was asked by the impresario Domenico Barbaja on to become head of music and artistic Teatro San Carlo and the Teatro del Fondo at Naples. At that time he composed the song "Elisabetta, Regina d` Inghilterra "(Elizabeth, The Queen of England) for a soprano Isabella Colbran, who subsequently became his wife. Between 1815 and 1823, making twenty Rossini opera. In between all of that, "Otello" was the highlight of his operas are serious reform. During Rossini, the stories ended tragically highly disliked by the Romans, it was created end of story "Otello" is happy.
In 1823, on the advice of the manager King `s Theatre, London, Rossini came to England and lived there for some time. In England, he received the award, including a meeting with King George IV. In 1824, he became director of music at the Théâtre Italien in Paris. The results of his work, "Guillaume Tell", in 1829 took him to the peak of his career as opera writer. Opera song was composed by Étienne Jouy and Hippolyte Bis, but revised by Armand Marrast. The music is remarkable because it is free from rules formulated and followed by Rossini in his works over the years. This marked the transition in the history of opera. Although it is a nice opera, opera is rarely played as a whole and more frequently cut because of the duration of the original version of this opera could reach four hours.
Famous opera "Il Barbiere in Siviglia" Opera is the work of Rossini's most famous operas are performed on February 20, 1816 at the Teatro Valle in Rome. Author his poem by Cesare Sterbini. "Il barbiere in Siviglia" is the work of Rossini opera's famous and well-liked in Europe more than a quarter century. Many opinions about how quickly Rossini's opera writing. The experts generally acknowledge that Rossini wrote this opera for more than two weeks, a miracle with a few standards. Rossini admitted that he wrote the opera for 12 days.
The success of the works of Rossini is a success in the world of opera. At age 37, he stopped writing operas because of illness. He and Isabella left Paris in 1837 to live in Italy where he was suffering from "neurasthenia" (mental illness with psychosomatic symptoms). After feeling healthy again, in 1855 he returned to Paris and began active again composed the tone for piano and choir. In 1868, Rossini died and was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery, Paris.


Thanksgiving Flowers Delivery Ventura CA - The Growing Co.
Bring flowers to Thanksgiving dinner. The Growing Co. has traditional Thanksgiving centerpieces or modern arrangements for a fun surprise. The Growing Co. can deliver locally to Ventura, CA or nationwide!!


I just simply love these fishes. They taste so delicious when deep fried with tons of spicy masala. After a very long time I found these fishes in the Asian Market. Immediately I grab a few good fish and told the seller to slice up them thinly.I still remember those days back in Singapore where I used to fight for the best parts of the fish with cousins.
Rub the fillets with 1tsp of salt and let it stand for 10 minutes and risen. Pat dry and all the ingredients into a large bowl with the fillets. Marinate overnight. Heat a heavy bottomed wok with oil on medium flame and once heat deep fry them until golden brown and transfer to a serving platter with chopped coriander leaves and lemon wedges.
Ohhh pass that plate dear..Spicy and yummy.
I love fish. I am so excited to try this.
Pomfret fish fry looks so classic , just like a star hotel platter. Superb recipe dear.
Woww fish fry paathathume pasikuthu, superb fry and delicious slices..
Hi,your dishes are amazing and tempting.You have got a colorful space.
Got no words to say-except looks simply mouthwatering!
Pomfret fish is my favourite and seeing the picture I feel like having it now. Looks delicious .
perfectly cooked and nice brown color.. looks very tempting!
Is the fish used in the recipe pomfret or salmon as mentioned in the recipe.


These are the best set to remove movements from there clock cases. They reach into the mantle clock cases and cuckoo cases very well. It is not easy to find a perfect length screwdriver with the right size head. Sizes range from 3 inch to 8 inches long.
These are the best set to remove movements from there clock cases. They reach into the mantle clock cases and cuckoo cases very well. It is not easy to find a perfect length screwdriver with the right size head.


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Your feet are the first ones to hit the ground. And your socks are the ONLY material that have contact with your feet. With the right pair of socks, we believe you can not only minimize the chance of injury and pain (which quickly drains you of focus and energy), but take your activity to the next level. It could mean the difference between 3 more miles in the zone, a blister-free afternoon down the back nine, or an exhilarating hike up Half Dome. We're taking a hard look at what's happening to the body while you exercise - during and after. Every product we carry addresses the question, "how can we protect our body while staying active?"
At Active Swag, we're committed to helping you protect your body while reaching and going beyond your goals.
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Cut through the crap, keep your eye on the prize, and work at it everyday.
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