text:
Art Map!
Revisiting 'Reserves' in Neoliberal India: Case Study of Jarawa
By Shaily Mudgal
At the crossroads... of extinction and survival
The introductory note of the UNESCO dossier on Jarawa tribes reads, "One of the most distinctive, but relatively little known aspects of the Andaman Islands is an entity of land and sea called the Jarawa Tribal Reserve – a space legally notified in the name and, presumably,the interests of the Jarawa tribal community within it" (2010: 7). I begin this article from the vantage point of this 'reserve', with the intention of exploring neoliberalism's operation, and its inadequacies, within specific sections of society; i.e. the indigenous/tribes that are the earliest inhabitants of the land. This article has emerged as a reactionary response to the video-footage shown on the official website of The Observer, and the news coverage of British journalist Gethin Chamberlain on January 8, 2012:
Andaman Islands tribe threatened by lure of mass tourism: Jarawa people at risk from disease, predatory sex and exploitation as tourist convoys crowd the road through their jungle. (The Observer, Sunday, 8 January 2012: 20).
The video portrays a shameful spectacle of, most likely, an army-man (however, there is no official confirmation yet) commanding young, semi-clad, almost naked, Jarawa girls to dance in front of a group of non-tribals (allegedly tourists). The video aired on almost every news channel in India and abroad, has once again raised questions on the role of administrative machinery that enforces laws for the security of its citizens, the police who are supposed to protect vulnerable communities from intrusion and encroachment, and the tourists who are misguided in their touristic pleasures. Chamberlain in his article accuses these tourists for taking sadistic pleasure from the exploitation of the innocent tribes:"This kind of video is the trophy tourists dream of when they set off into the jungles of the Andaman Islands "on safari". The beauty of the forest functions merely as a backdrop. The goal of the trip is to seek out the Jarawa, a reclusive tribe only recently contacted, which is taking the first tentative steps towards a relationship with the outside world" (20). More importantly, the video and the news surrounding the bizarre episode, once again brings into attention sheer contempt of the highest court of India within its own bureaucratic framework. The Andaman Trunk Road,which the Supreme Court had ordered to be closed to ensure absolute non-intrusion in the reserve area in 2002, still continues to be functional. The apparent defiance of court orders has had its consequences for the Jarawas at various levels. In 2007, to further protect the area from any external incursion, poaching, and commercial exploitation the government created a buffer zone around the reserve, which has been under dispute in the Supreme Court for sometime now.
While the world witnesses yet another challenge to its self-prescribed modernity,developing nations liked India are in a dire need to reassess their post-coloniality. At the cross-roads of globalization and neoliberalism, India's social reality marred by instances of exploitation of its unique indigenous heritage creates a farce of tall claims to social equality and justice.
In Context: the Jarawas
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands constitute a part of the Union Territory of India. Andaman Islands alone are an archipelago of around 500 islands in the Bay of Bengal, out of which 27are inhabited. There are four distinct indigenous communities living in the Andaman-Andamanese, Onge, Jarawa, and Sentinelese. During 1990s, the total population of the indigenous communities was recorded about 500, and has dwindled drastically since then.The Indian government provides special protection to the indigenous peoples of Andaman under its Constitution as scheduled tribes. The anthropologists are of the opinion that the indigenous communities of Andaman constitute the group of earliest immigrants from Africa (Negritos) to the southeast of the Indian sub-continent. They have also been prone to colonial encounters during the eighteenth century. Their contact with outside communities, however,became one reason for the decline in their numbers. Initially, the colonial warfare took a toll,and later they contracted diseases, such as measles, pneumonia, and syphilis from the outsiders. The survivors of one community called the Great Andamanese, who were themselves made up of ten different sects, were subsequently resettled by the Government on the 603 hectare Strait Island. The Jarawas, who can be counted to only 300 today, were living on the 742 square kilometres reserve in the South and Middle Andaman Islands. The Jarawa Tribal Reserve (JTR) area was increased in 2004 and is a little more than 1000 square kilometres today. The JTR was formed in 1957 under the provisions of the Andaman and Nicobar Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, 1956. Historically, the Jarawa Reserve"initially came into existence due to their hostility and non-compliance to needs of the colonists, from 1858 up to the occupation of the islands by the Government of India (GoI). In1956, the GoI notified areas in the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago as Tribal areas exclusively for the native islanders" (Chandi, 2010: 33). Besides the facts, the most important aspect of the Jarawa Tribal Reserve is that it is an area identified by the outsiders (settlers); it might not necessarily be recognized as such by the Jarawas themselves.
Till about the late 90s, the Jarawas have resisted all attempts of the settlers to establish contact with them and have preferred to stay in isolation, but much has changed since then.There is nearly 200 year old history of hostile and violent interactions between the Jarawas and the settlers, with hundreds of deaths on either side. In 1976, several members of the road construction crew around the legal Jarawa reserve, but actually in the heart of the forests that the Jarawas were using, died; in 1985 as well some settlers were reported to have died in the area around the reserve due to these hostile encounters. The official policy has been to leave them alone, and not interfere with their way of living, and desist from encroaching upon their land. However, attempts have been made at developing friendly relations with the Jarawas through 'contact missions', giving gifts and food, but anthropologists believe that this may lead to the ultimate decimation of the surviving tribe. To make matters worse the administration is keen on developing tourism in the Islands, for which massive amount of time and money is being spent on infrastructure, road construction, and development of communications and media.
The most urgent concern regarding the imminent extinction of these tribes is the Andaman Trunk Road (ATR). Functional by about 1989, ATR happens to be the arterial road connecting South to North Andaman Islands in the archipelago, and intersecting the Jarawa tribal reserve area right through. In 2002, the Supreme Court of India had demanded its closure to restrain any movement between the islands by the outsiders. Despite the highest jurisdictional ruling, the road has been kept open by the Island administration, mainly, it seems, to harness the tourism potential of the area. Where the anthropologists,environmentalists, and social activists are desperate to save the almost extinct tribes, the Government does not seem to efficiently handle the issues concerning the existence of these indigenous communities. The road is a pernicious vehicle that comes with the loss of preciousforest cover indispensible for ecological balance and conservation of biodiversity - and thus also a metaphor for the threatened sustenance of these tribes. The ATR effectively cuts off access to the east coast thereby shrinking the Jarawa habitat, as well as their resource gathering area. The road also brings alien food, and diseases against which Jarawas have little immunity. But the worst of all is the kind of tourism, disguised and unofficial, which viciously intends to thrive and prosper on commercializing and advertising innocent Jarawas,unmindful of what this exposure can lead to. Though any interaction with and photography of these tribes is legally prohibited, yet the promotional tourism brochures promise rides to these mystical reserves inhabiting stone-age, naked tribes.
Still today, unfortunately, the most obvious fact needs to be highlighted: that the Jarawa reserve did not come into existence following the tourist intrusions. Rather, despite the restrictions imposed on tourism-related activities, tourism impacts heavily upon the JTR area.Tour operators manoeuvre to get through or around the prohibited area, practising tourism in a deformed, illegal way. The recent video expose and the events following it are an opportunity to understand these sensitive issues and how they are handled at various levels within the organizational framework.
The tenets of neoliberalism look at tourism industry as one of the avenues where individuals can exercise their liberty anywhere across the globe, and which rests on the forces of privatisation and free market policy. Hence, intrinsic to neoliberal tourism industry are the perils of unrestricted movement of capital, labour, and consumers. In many specific contexts,such as the Jarawa reserve, uninhibited and mostly illegitimate interaction between the indigenous peoples and the consumers (labour, settlers, tourists, administration) for the purposes of tourism has a damaging effect on the natural abode of these tribes and their traditional mode of living as well.
'Reserves': places, spaces, or otherwise?
It is extremely important to notice that tribal 'reserves' is not a very prominent category in India, as it is in Canada or the U.S.A. Neither are the historical and political implications of'reserves' similar in each case. Perhaps, the notion of 'reserve' would have different meanings for different tribal communities. In fact, in the A&N Islands themselves, the 'reserves' acquire prominence in a very unique sense. It is with this specificity in mind, and the caution to avoid generalizing the category of 'reserves', that I analyze them as places geographically defined for the indigenous/tribal communities, as uniquely distinct social and politicalconstructions, simultaneously holding similarities on significant aspects.'
Reserves' are multi-layered entities, sites that question the legitimacy of neoliberalism and relevance of postcolonialism. They are reminders of the legacy of colonialism now exercised by the government within the decolonized national boundaries. Castells, following the Leibnizian tradition, conceptualizes that space, "...as a social product,is always specified by a definite relation between the different instances of social structure,the economic, the political, the ideological, and the conjuncture of social relations that result from them. Space, therefore, is always an historical conjuncture and a social form that derives its meaning from the social processes that are expressed through it". Correspondingly,reserves should also be understood as spatial constructions that have their own history, and that are an outcome of the underlying socio-historical processes.
In the history of Western philosophy space has predominantly been conceived as absolute, universal, unlimited, in contrast to place as the particular, limited, local, and bound. However, recent debates and discussions on space and place have brought the discourse above the dichotomous nature and revealed the overlapping areas of both, where space is intrinsic to place, though not necessarily bound by borders, and embodying multiple layers of reality manifest in and by place. Edward Soja (1980) adds to the theorizations around space by asserting that space
"...has always been political and strategic... shaped and molded from historical and natural elements, but this has been a political process. Space is political and ideological. It is a product literally filled with ideologies."
Reading space as strategic allows one to also read its engagement with the political, historical, and the ideological, as Soja articulates. The idea of space that thus emerges also enables us to realize the process of meaning-making within the place-based trajectory of a region, intersected by historical,political and social reality.
In his famous lecture of 1967, Foucault had elucidated that all cultures constitute heterotopias, and that heterotopias are places, which are simultaneously mythic and real, and which can be further categorized as heterotopias of 'crisis', or heterotopias of 'deviation',among others. To quote him verbatim, "There are ... in every culture, in every civilization,real places – places that do exist and that are formed in the very founding of society – which are something like counter-sites, a kind of effectively enacted utopia in which the real sites ...are simultaneously represented, contested, and inverted" (ibid). Extending the Foucauldian notion to the analysis of 'reserves' as heterotopias, it would not be difficult to perceive themas heterotopias of both 'crisis' and 'deviation' at the same time. The inhabitants of the reserve live in perpetual crisis, ranging from land encroachment, alien intrusion and endemic diseases to threatened natural resources and perils of cultural assimilation. Reserves are also centres of deviation since they are habitat of so called primitive societies, or tribes, whose mode of living is traditional and different from the mainstream norms. Therefore, reserves are rendered vulnerable to criticism and exploitation from the dominant society, which relegates these peoples and places into subaltern corners of society, on the periphery of lived social reality.Reserves become synonymous with stereotypes that have sedimented over time.
Drawn from Antonio Gramsci's The Southern Question (1926), deployed by Guha and Spivak in their Subaltern Studies project, the concept of 'subaltern' has travelled far and wide to largely locate and voice the histories of non-elite, marginalized subjects (peasants, labour and working class) within the Indian subcontinent. With the development of critical interventions in the field of subaltern studies, the indigenous as a category of the subaltern merged as a new area for postcolonial discourse. As David Ludden summarizes, "The meaning of subalternity in Subaltern Studies shifted as the framework of study increasingly stressed the clash of unequal cultures under colonialism and the dominance of colonialmodernity over India's resistant, Indigenous culture" (19). Mindful of the ongoing debates on the overlapping categories of both indigeneity and subalternity, and their tensed relationship and commensurability with the postcolonial project, this paper does not intend to propose any critical stake on the rubric of the subaltern. However, albeit the existence of reserves as sites once colonized by the British, and now by the democratic bureaucracy under the modernized systems of neoliberal global citizenship, there remains little doubt regarding the subaltern and marginal status of the indigenous peoples within the period post/past colonialism.
In another remarkably significant way, reserves can be read as landscapes offering opportunities of potential tourism. Cartier's conceptualization of "touristed landscapes", as"...places of complexity, in some cases landscape palimpsests of great historical depth, and whose draw owes to multiple sites of possible experience and sensory encounter.... where locals and visitors negotiate identity, seeking renewal or exploration, the possibilities of alterity and liminal identity shift" (2005: 1-2) offers distinctly interesting perspective on reserves. Her interpretation opens reserves not only as geographical places that are touristed,but also as spaces that are simultaneously transformed by human activity in a way that makes possible connections to diverse other places. Identifying tourism as category of activity,experience, and economy, Cartier's theorization enables us to re-read reserves as places that are transformed by the process of tourism through engagements between the toured, the touring, and other agencies that are both or neither. Therefore, practices of tourism as the largest neoliberal venture in global economy hold implications at global, national, regional and local level, where politics of place and space merge effectively to initiate a critique of oppositional aesthetics between the two.
'Orientalism': another paradox in 'Postcolonialism'
While analyzing reserves as Cartier's touristed landscapes, effecting seduction and exoticism,the Saidian idea of the 'Orient' rings through the discussion. Moreover, locating and interrogating the 'orient' and 'orientalism' in postcolonial settings becomes interesting,because it makes us aware of the colonial social reality in the decolonized nations. This"internal orientalism", as Breckenridge and van der Veer articulate, "by far the most problematic feature of the post-colonial predicament", rests on "a theory of difference that was deeply interwoven with the practices of colonial control" that still continues to exist even in the absence of foreign rule (1993: 14-15).
Undercut by the characteristics defining the 'Orient', as articulated by Said, reserve becomes some mystical primitive place of seduction and desire for the outsiders (especially the tourists) that "...had been since antiquity a place of romance, exotic beings, haunting memories and landscapes, remarkable experiences" (1978: 1). Reserves as the 'orient' immediately become desired destinations largely because of their characteristic 'otherness' and 'difference' (Cartier, 16-17). Here, referring back to the recent media disclosure on Jarawas, what the world saw through the video-footage in reality appeals to the Saidian desire for the 'exotic' and the 'bizarre'. Rather, under the falsely held notions of eco-tourism, the government itself nurtures and feeds into this 'desire' for the 'different', the 'orient'. The tourists serve to fulfil both the tourism department's propaganda as well as their own hunger for the Freudian 'uncanny', the 'unheimlich' (1919). In the context of those 'reserves' where tourism is a legitimate and mutually agreed upon activity between the tribals and the nontribals, reading the article entitled The tourist welcomed; The adivasi exiled... (Chanchani, 2007) further elucidates the marketing moves of tourism industry, where the star attraction of tourists lies in the exploration (read exploitation) of 'Protected Areas', or the 'reserves' of tribal communities. The marketing strategy 'exoticises' indigenous peoples and'commodifies' 'reserves' to lure tourists. Therefore, tourism that could have been a benefitting tool for the indigenous communities and ecology, rather becomes a neoliberal neocolonial medium of exploiting, displacing and marginalizing the vulnerable tribal communities of India.
A crucial failure of neoliberal globalization lies precisely in its neglect of the context specific parameters of progress and development, as well as in overlooking the alternate versions of civilization. While following the construction of 'reserves' as touristed landscapes, as places identified for purposes of tourism promotion, local and global vectors come into play at the same time. Noticeably, people from diverse cultures, polities and geographies travel to tourist destinations ('reserves') and in consequence transform them with their experiences and imaginings. 'Reserves' are a testament to the process of interaction and mutual appropriation (not necessarily explicit) of the local and the global. Discourses of globalization tend to overlook the significance of place and focus largely on space. Dirlik(1998) also emphasizes that "in discourses of globalization...the global is often equated with space, capital, history and agency, and the local with place, labor, and tradition." To counter the deliberate erasure of 'place' in the discussions on globalization, Casey articulates against the "disempowerment of place in both modern theory and social life", and asserts that "it is our inevitable immersion in place, and not the absoluteness of space, that has ontological priority in the generation of life and the real" (1996: 18). Beyond the binaries of global and local, space and place, the indigenous communities are predicated on the continuity of the"biophysical, human and supernatural worlds... and social relations are seen as encompassing more than humans". Specifically, the Jarawa Reserve, "...is many things rolled into one at the same time. It is home to the Jarawas and at the same time home, perhaps, to the best and last of the remaining original forests that once clothed this entire group of islands. It is a space that ecologists see as a critically important repository of the island's biological diversity; it is an internationally recognized Important Bird Area and it is home to a host of critically endangered and endemic species of plants and animals…. It is a space with multi-layered histories, occupied earlier in part by the Great Andamanese community, and one that is now claimed by many others; primarily the state and the settlers from mainland India" (UNESCO 2010: 7). Owing to the multi-sited complexity of 'reserve', it also becomes a place of seduction and carnivalesque desire for the romantic and the exotic luring the outsider/ tourist for sensory engagement and experience within. It follows that tourism becomes an experience which emerges out of the various engagements between the agencies of place and space, embodied by the tourists and emplaced in their memories of sensory and visual encounters, "embracing the spatial reach of social relations" (Cartier: 4-5).Reimagining tourism within the neoliberal global framework provides an opportunity to experience the collapse of the binaries of global/ local, place/ space, and to highlight the dynamics arising from the emplaced experiences across spatial stretches of culture and geography at local/regional/national/global levels.
Conclusion: rethinking indigeneity and neoliberalism
The expanding lines of inquiry in neoliberal ethics and politics are fundamentally centred on the impact of neoliberalism on the on-going reconfiguration of states and societies, and the response of local communities to these transformations. Especially with reference to the postcolonial settings, neoliberalism's interaction with the notions of modernity, progress, and individual freedom, as against indigenous cultures and local models of social living, has received critical attention. The hegemonic ideology intrinsic to the project of neo-liberalism accords power to bureaucratic machinery which in turn exercises this power in places where it does not exist, such as indigenous communities and tribal reserves. With the allocation of agency for competing on a global scale, neo-liberalism seeps into those spaces where there are differences of perspective and objective, and simultaneously produces sites where social inequality and injustice lingers. The master narratives of neoliberalism and globalization have evidently assumed homogeneous conceptions of progress and modernity, consciously, or otherwise, obliterating local indigenous experiences and knowledge-systems. Dirlik and Bahl (2000), in their introductory essay, remind us that "...the diffusion of certain epistemologies globally does not result in a so-called global village, but on the contrary disguises the recolonization of the world under the guise of globalism" (8). Springer also cautions us against the penetrating influence of neoliberalism in the state apparatus and its appropriation of intellectual and social theorization in every domain: "Far from a fait accompli, neoliberalism's ongoing implementation in various sites has been marked by a considerable amount of struggle, contradiction, and compromise, which suggests that the meaning of neoliberalism as a paradigmatic construct must necessarily be called into question" (2010:1029). Neoliberalism's critical reliance on globalization and globalization's marginalization of 'place' and appropriation of 'space' creates a vicious circle which rotates on the axes of open economy, individual freedom, and spatial liberty, simultaneously pushing off the tangent the alternative local, indigenous, community orientated socio-economic models of sustenance.In consequence, an asymmetry is created in the global social space which is oblivious or negligent of the local place-based experiences within communities. However, Dirlik and other critics reinvigorate the debate by deploying the notion of the 'glocal' to challenge the prominence of the global and ordinariness of the local, extending functional equality to both. Deployed initially in 1980s for purposes of capitalist restructuring, this term is attempting to build a new meaningful socio-economic praxis that discredits binaries and validates the coexistence of experiences at all levels. However, the notion of the 'glocal' seems hardly true and commensurable with the neoliberal ideals of individual liberty and progress within the'reserves'. Yet, these 'reserves' are territories "that point toward(s) the construction of alternative life and society models... as multidimensional space(s) for the creation and recreation of the ecological, economic, and cultural practices of the communities" (Escobar,162). At the same time, as alternative models of existence, seeking validity and approval at the global level, 'reserves' reinforce and reclaim indigenous subjectivity and agency within the hierarchical framework. The incommensurability of "extraneously convened neoliberalism" with the political geographies of indigenous communities derives from the neglect of "variability, internal constitution, societal influences, and individual agency" (Springer, 1029) that are pivotal in effecting neo-liberalism in the right frame.
The discourse on neo-liberalism having pervaded almost every social and intellectual domain, having re-constituted many academic disciplines, has significantly led the way to search for some other empowering praxis that takes into consideration the perspectives and experiences of marginalized communities within the nation, while staying progressive at the same time. Springer synergises the debate on neoliberalism by calling into discussion "a new language of 'neoliberalization', which acknowledges the multiple geographies of neoliberalism through attention to contextual specificity and local experimentation" (2010:1029). Springer's "individual neoliberalizations are considered to 'materialize' quite differently as mutated and hybrid forms of neoliberalism, depending on and influenced by geographical landscapes, historical contexts, institutional legacies, and embodied subjectivities" (ibid).
Where Springer evokes us to reformulate neoliberalism in order to get rid of its inadequacies, Cadena and Starn, in their introduction to Indigenous experience today, persuade us to reconceptualize indigeneity: "Reckoning with indigeneity demands recognizing it as a relational field of governance, subjectivities, and knowledges that involves us all—indigenous and non-indigenous—in the making and remaking of its structures of power and imagination" (2007: 3). Such emancipatory ideology is required in order to revamp 'the dark side of the nation' (to borrow Himani Bannerji's title), and to acknowledge alternative versions of community-living, such as the 'reserves', as co-existing models in society. The special volume of Interventions, "Between Subalternity and Indigeneity", also raises questions on the postcolonial (read neo-colonial) conditions existing within the reserves under the neoliberal framework, and congratulates indigeneity for its ability to confront and subvert Eurocentric hegemony:
Indigeneity also marks an intellectual project that challenges and disrupts the logics of colonialism that underwrite liberal democracies in order to question Euro-American constructions of self, nation-state, and subjectivity that have also been the purview of postcolonial theory.... In a historical moment when imposed displacements and diasporas, volatile borders, and coerced exiles confuse and obliterate human perspectives, 'indigeneity' holds the promise of rearticulating and reframing questions of place, space, movement and belonging" (2011: 3).
Besides all the intellectual and ideological pedagogies, performance really sits in the field of action. It would be apt to end on Chandi's (research scholar and activist in the Islands) interview excerpt: "We have to be able to desist the temptation to give [Jarawas] a strategy, but rather allow them to devise their own henceforth, and as always" (2011).
I would like to thank Mr. Panjak Sekhsaria, member of the environmental action group Kalpavriksh (Pune, India), for his valuable feedback in the process of writing this article.
Dr. Shaily Mudgal is a scholar in Canadian immigrant literature. Her areas of interest include post-colonial studies, media discourse, and aboriginal/indigenous traditions and their socio-political concerns.
A&N Administration. (2001). Policy on Jarawa Tribe of Andaman Islands.
Awaradi, S. A. (1990). Masterplan (1991-2021) for Welfare of Primitive Tribes of Andaman
and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair.
Awaradi, S. A. (2003). The Jarawa Tribe of Andaman Islands. Port Blair: Andaman and
Nicobar Administration.
Best, Ulrich and Anke Struver. The Politics of Place: Critical of Spatial Identities and
Critical Spatial Identities.
Breckenridge, Carol A., and Peter van der Veer. (1993). Orientalism and the Postcolonial
Predicament. U.S.A.: University of Pennsylvania Press: 1-19.
Byrd, Jodi A., and Michael Rothberg. (2011). "Between Subalternity and Indigeneity", in
Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies, 13: 1: 1-12.
Cadena, Marisol de la and Orin Starn. (2007). Indigenous Experience Today. Oxford: Berg.
Cartier, Carolyn and Lew, Alan A. (2005) "Seductions of Place: geographical perspectives on
globalization and touristed landscapes", Critical Geographies, Routledge: 1-4.
Casey, E. (1993). Getting back into place: Toward a renewed understanding of the placeworld.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Casey, E. (1996). How to get from space to place in a fairly short stretch of time. In S. Feld,
& K. Baso, Senses of place (pp. 14-51). Santa Fe: School of American Research.
Chamberlain, Gethin. "Andaman Islands tribe threatened by lure of mass tourism". In The
Observer, Main Section, p. 20. Sunday, 8 January 2012
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/07/andaman-islands-tribe-tourism-threat>
Chamberlain, Gethin. "India orders crackdown on 'human safaris' in the Andaman Islands".
In The Observer, Main Section, p. 34. Sunday, 15 January 2012
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/14/andaman-jarawa-india-human-safari>
Chanchani, Aditi, et.al. (2007). "The tourist welcomed; The adivasi exiled... Unmasked:
reflections on tourism's impacts on indigenous communities in India", in this is our
homeland: a collection of essays on the betrayal of adivasi rights in India. Bangalore:
Equations: 49-64.
Chandi, Manish. Interview: "Desist from the temptation of giving Jarawas a strategy", in The
Light of Andamans, Vol. 35, Issue 22, 16 Dec 2011.
Chandi, Manish. (2010). "Territory and landscape around the Jarawa Reserve", in The Jarawa
Tribal Reserve Dossier: Cultural and Biological Diversities in the Andaman Islands.
Kalpavriksh: Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) Program. Paris, France:
UNESCO Publishing: 30-42.
Dirlik, Arif. (1998) "Globalism and the Politics of Place", in Development, 41 (2), 7-14.
Dirlik, Arif, Vinay Bahl and Peter Gran. (2000). History After The Three Worlds: Post
Eurocentric Historiographies. U.S.A.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Escobar, Arturo. (2001). "Culture sits in places: reflections on globalism and subaltern
strategies of localization", in Political Geography 20: 139–174
Foucault, Michael. "Of Other Spaces", based on a lecture given in 1967, in Diacritics 16
(Spring 1986), 22-27.
Freud, Sigmund and David McLintock (trans.) (2003). The Uncanny. Penguin Books (first
published in 1919).
Gupta, Akhil and James Ferguson. "Beyond "Culture": Space, Identity, and the Politics of
Difference". In Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 7, No. 1, Space, Identity, and the Politics of
Difference. (Feb., 1992), pp. 6-23.
Krebs, Carola. Befriending the Jarawa...Indian Tribal Policy illustrated in the case of a
hunter-gatherer group in the Andaman Islands.
<http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/originals/Krebs/art-jarawa.htm>
Lefèbvre, Henri. (1991). The Production of Space. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ludden, David. Reading Subaltern Studies: Critical History, Contested Meaning and the
Globalization of South Asia. Anthem Press.
Massey, Doreen. (1994). "A Global Sense of Place", in Space, Place and Gender.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Said, Edward. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
Sekhsaria, Pankaj. "An Intricate Web", article in Arts, Magazine, The Hindu. Feb. 4, 2012.
Sekhsaria, Pankaj and Vishvajit Pandya (ed). (2010). The Jarawa Tribal Reserve Dossier:
Cultural and Biological Diversities in the Andaman Islands. Kalpavriksh: Local and
Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) Program. Paris, France: UNESCO Publishing.
Soja, Edward W. (1980). "The Socio-Spatial Dialectic". In Annals of the Association of
American Geographers, Vol. 70, No. 2. Routledge.
Springer, Simon. (2010). "Neoliberalism and Geography: Expansions, Variegations,
Formations", in Geography Compass 4/B: 1025-1038.
Springer, Simon. "Neoliberalism", forthcoming in the Ashgate Companion to Critical
Geopolitics, ed. by Klaus Dodds, Merje Kuus, and Joanne Sharp.
Springer, Simon. "Violence sits in places? Cultural practice, neoliberal rationalism, and
virulent imaginative geographies". In Political Geography 30 (2011) 90-98.
Weber, George. The Andamanese: The Tribes.
<http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter8/text8.htm#jarawa>
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Andaman Islanders.
<http://www.minorityrights.org/5669/india/andaman-islanders.html>
Advertise with Seismopolite
Editorial: Reimagining the political geography of "place" and "space"
The distinction between "place" and "space" is fundamental not only to much art, but also to our global situation within neoliberal political geography
Lebanon in the Armenian Imaginary: So Close with a Distance
About the works of artists of Armenian descent who were born in Lebanon but left for the US or Canada at different junctures as a result of the protracted civil war.
Beyond the Reference: Continuity, Memory and Territory in Cartographic Art
The problem with much carto-symbolic, map-centered cartographic artistic practice is that it inadvertently privileges the representation of political delineations of place over those of the cultural, mental, experiential, and temporal
Digital AuthentiCity
The rapid development of ubiquitous computing has triggered an ever-growing demand for digital displays in contemporary urban environments
The past persists in the present in the form of a dream (participatory architectures, archive and revolution)
In the context of Portugal, a late-arrival to the eurozone and today declared one of its dysfunctional peripheral members, can the photographic image still provide a critical tool for an 'archaeology of the recent past'?
Revisiting 'Reserves' in Neoliberal India: Case Study of Jarawa Tribes
At the cross-roads of globalization and neoliberalism, India's social reality marred by instances of exploitation of its unique indigenous heritage creates a farce of tall claims to social equality and justice
The Ecopoetics of Space in Snyder, Merwin, and Sze
This essay investigates how boundaried conceptions of space in works of ecopoets often undermine their attempts to reframe the relationships of humans to the natural world
The Politics of 'Just Painting': Engagement and Encounter in the Art of the East Kimberley
Australia's indigenous artists show us what it means to be contemporary, and how to comprehend a world of accelerating multiplicity.
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
Copyright © 2011 - 2021 – Seismopolite – ISSN 1894-5449
hiddensaopaulo
hiddensingapore
hiddenistanbul
hiddenhongkong
hiddenbergen
hiddenbangkok
hiddendiyarbakir
hiddenoslo


The So French Week kicked off yesterday at The Harbour Gate within the Bahrain financial Harbour.
Imagine France which showcases the work of Maia Flore is located on the 2nd floor of the Harbour Gate until 1st February 2017. Proudly sponsored by BNP Paribas, catch it whilst you can!
The Inaugural Bahrain photographic Festival @ The Harbour Gate.
Just 2 days to go before Health Calorie Opens to customers.
Salwa Almoayyed Is our Latest Artist at Art at the Harbour.
We Are Ready for The Oasis Training Centre at the Harbour Towers.
Mahmoud Darwich Wall is going!!
Even A Heli-Pad at The Harbour Gate!
Harbour Gate Gate Live Art!
Art At The Harbour Latest!
Is it Time you had a Kiosk at the Harbour Gate?
Its Official The MOICT are here!
No Art at the Harbour but who's Next?
We Have moved the Front Entrance Signage!
We are making it more easy to find us!
Mothers Day 2016 & Cook off Event Organised by The Capital Club Bahrain at The Atrium within Bahrain Financial Harbour!
Umaima Bint Alnuman Secondry Girls School Visit to The Harbour!
Art At The Harbour. Even the Easels are Art!!
Our New Tenant & Client Shower Block is under construction!
External Smoking area is completed at Last!
Our New East Tower Smoking Booth is now Open!
Art at the Harbour just got Better!!
Good Efficient Security With a "Welcome Sir"
East Tower & Scent is in the Air!
The inaugural Bahrain photographic festival will take place from the 10th April ..
We have now just fitted 2 new laptop tables with seating to both East and West H..
It's been a long time coming but boy was it worth it! Our newest restaurant t..


text:
Ron Paul's VP Prospect?
Congressman Ron Paul floated former New Jersey judge Andrew Napolitano's name as a potential running mate in 2012 in a recent interview with <I>TheStreet's</I> Alix Steel.
Alix Steel
Jun 17, 2011 2:00 PM EDT
TheStreet
) -- If Ron Paul were to win the GOP presidential nomination, there's a chance he wouldn't have to worry about geographical balance on his ticket.
Paul, a Texas congressman and critic of the
, mentioned a former New Jersey judge and current Fox News talk show host -- Andrew Napolitano -- as a potential running mate, in an interview with
TheStreet's
Alix Steel in Washington this week.
"If you had to pick one running mate, dead or alive, who would it be?" Steel asked the candidate.
Paul said he hadn't "thought that through ... but I sure do like Judge Andrew Napolitano."
Judge Napolitano is not only the author of books titled
Constitutional Chaos: What Happens When The Government Breaks Its Own Laws
The Constitution in Exile: How the Federal Government Has Seized Power by Rewriting the Supreme Law of the Land
Lies the Government Told You: Myth, Power, and Deception In American History
, but he also has served as a New Jersey judge from 1987-95 and is currently a senior judicial analyst for Fox News and host of a libertarian-themed show on Fox Business News,
Freedom Watch
He taught constitutional law as an adjunct professor at Seton Hall Law School, and Paul has been a frequent guest on
, along with other free market thinkers like Peter Schiff.
Paul wrote the foreword for
Lies the Government Told You
, in which he said: "I am pleased to recommend this book to anyone who cares about the direction of this country and wants to understand how we got where we are, and what we need to do to regain our liberties."
Congressman Paul has railed against the Federal Reserve ever since he entered political life in 1976 and has repeatedly called it unconstitutional for the Fed to print money. Paul has called for interpreting the Constitution in a way that would support gold and silver as legal tender.
"What we participate here in Washington with the Fed is counterfeiting the money to subsidize wars and our welfare, and we're considered good politicians," argues Paul.
In the 2008 primary race, a potential Paul/Napolitano ticket was a hot item among libertarians.
Lew Rockwell, chairman of the Ludwig von Mises Institute in Alabama, promoted this partnership in the last election. The institute is a research and education center for libertarianism and the Austrian School of Economics. Popular themes are free trade, free market, balanced budgets and a gold standard.
Napolitano could not be reached for comment, but he has said in recent speeches and interviews that "there are so far few Ron Pauls in the government" and that it is "time to tame the federal beast."
Paul's office declined to comment further on the likelihood of this potential Republican ticket.
Written by Alix Steel in
>To contact the writer of this article, click here:
>To follow the writer on Twitter, go to
http://twitter.com/adsteel
READERS ALSO LIKE:
5 Things You Don't Know About Ron Paul >>
Ron Paul on the Federal Reserve's 'Addiction' >>
How Ron Paul Would Fix the Economy >>
10 Myths That Politicians Want You to Believe >>
Disclosure: TheStreet's editorial policy prohibits staff editors and reporters from holding positions in any individual stocks.
OptionsVideoPolitics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Canon announces the EOS R5, an 8K-shooting pro mirrorless camera
6 months ago Theodore Meeks
Canon has announced the EOS R5, by far the highest-end mirrorless camera it's ever made. Following Canon's solid entry into full-frame mirrorless with 2018's EOS R and last year's cheaper EOS RP, the R5 is a serious pro-level flagship with a price tag to match. At $3,899 without a lens, this is now Canon's second most expensive camera behind the new 1D X Mark III DSLR.
The R5 is built around a 45-megapixel sensor with a native ISO range of 100-51,200. The headline feature is that it can record uncropped 8K RAW video at 29.97 fps in 4:2:2 10-bit color, as well as uncropped 4K DCI at 59.94 fps, representing a major upgrade on the limited video capabilities of previous EOS R models. Canon says the R5 can shoot continuously at 8K for around 20 minutes at room temperature.
When shooting still photos, the R5 operates at up to 12 fps with the mechanical shutter and 20 fps with the electronic shutter. It has in-body image stabilization that Canon claims can provide up to 8 stops of correction in tandem with OIS lenses. Canon is also touting the R5's autofocus system, with dual-pixel coverage across almost 100 percent of the AF area and 1,053 zones, plus the capability for eye-tracking with dogs, cats, and birds as well as humans.
The R5 is visually near-indistinguishable from a typical Canon full-frame DSLR. Canon showed a willingness to experiment with features like the touch-sensitive strip on the original EOS R, but it's clear from the R5's design that it's intended to be a drop-in replacement for pro photographers and videographers who are used to DSLRs like the 5D series. The biggest difference for them will be the electronic viewfinder, though the 120 fps refresh rate and 5.76-million dot resolution should help ease that transition. There's also a 3.2-inch 2.1-million dot vari-angle touchscreen.
If the R5 is a little out of reach or 8K isn't a priority, Canon is also releasing a similar camera called the R6 at a lower price. It has more or less the same design as the R5 but uses the 20.1-megapixel sensor from the 1D X Mark III, meaning its video capabilities top out at 4K/60 or 1080p/120. The viewfinder resolution drops to a still-solid 3.69 million dots, while the touchscreen is slightly smaller and lower-res at 3 inches and 1.62 million dots. The R6 will cost $2,499 body-only.
Canon has four more native RF-mount lenses rolling out this year, including a 100-500mm f/4.5-7.1, a 600mm f/11, an 800mm f/11, and an 85mm f/2. The company is also introducing 1.4x and 2x teleconverters for RF lenses.
The R5 is set to be available at the end of July, and there's a $4,999 kit option that comes with a 24-105mm f/4 lens. The R6, meanwhile, will ship toward the end of August with a $3,599 option that includes that same lens or a $2,899 kit with a 24-105mm f/4-7.1.
Theodore Meeks
Lifelong foodaholic. Professional twitter expert. Organizer. Award-winning internet geek. Coffee advocate.
READ Kano's next-era buildable Home windows 10 Laptop has a more quickly processor and USB-C
Previous Apple's foundation Iphone 12 5G product may be pricier than you expected
Next The return of the $70 video game has been a long time coming
Delhi Police warned: Don't do this on Facebook or Twitter by mistake, otherwise …. – Delhi Police have warned users to file a complaint on Facebook and Twitter for any product or service
17 hours ago Theodore Meeks
My new school platform link 1442 How to log in to it and access curricula for all levels
1 day ago Theodore Meeks
Samsung's new 108MP sensor: same resolution, higher quality
Airtel offers a 1 Gbps Wi-Fi router for free; Take advantage of this
2 days ago Theodore Meeks
The metro strike: photo – documentary after the attack
WhatsApp defers new privacy policy by 3 months – Polimer News – Tamil News | Latest Tamil News | Tamil News Online


The Benq MX514 is a 3D Ready XGA DLP Video Projector with 2700 Lumens and a 10000:1 Contrast Ratio. It features Quick Cooling. Teaching templates, Instant Restart, Closed Captioning, and a 6500 hour lamp life. It includes a built-in speaker, HDMI input, Dual VGA ports, and a whisper-quiet 27 decibel operation. BenQ provides a 3 Year Limited Warranty.


Swimming is an almost perfect exercise. For all ages, it is invigorating and relaxing at the same time, while building muscle, increasing cardiovascular capacity and managing weight. When swimming with children, pool safety must be of the utmost importance. Rules are usually posted at public pools, and parents must instruct children about them every time they visit. Pool rules provide an important reminder about swimming safety basics, yet parents must keep an eye on children at all times, especially if there is no staff water watcher.
No running around the pool deck.
No swimming for children unless a water watcher is present.
Engage a water watcher (even if it is you) to keep ALL children under watch at all times.
When one-on-one, maintain consistent eye-to-eye contact with the child.
Maintain an arm's length distance away from new swimmers when in the pool.
Do not be distracted or engage in other activities while water watching.
Only be relieved from duty by another responsible water watcher. Do not leave children alone, not even for a minute.
Set up rules for a buddy system for children, so they can understand the importance of watching other swimmers.
While establishing rules is important, children must also be taught to not go in the pool area when the gates are closed and no one is available to watch them. A tragedy such as a child drowning can be avoided when adults participate when there are children in the water.
Besides the health benefits, swimming also builds confidence in a child, and forms the trust relationship between a child and his or her swimming partner/parent. Living near a large body of water, such as the Atlantic Ocean, also makes it important for children to know how to swim. As they get older, there's the possibility that they will be invited to join friends at either the ocean or private pools, and knowing how to swim will give them confidence.
Even though a young child can show that he or she knows how to swim, this does not drown-proof the child. Emotional maturity and physical capacity will have an effect on how skilled a child can become in the water at a young age. Encourage pool rule-following for your children whenever you visit a pool, especially when they are inexperienced in the water.


This page displays sold house prices for Abbey Street in Leicester.
Abbey Street in Leicester LE1 . Properties on Abbey Street typically have values around under £100,000, with exceptional properties valued upwards of £100,000.
Map showing Abbey Street in Leicester.


text:
Michael Kors Advances Globally But Falters on Its Home Turf
Thanks to weak mall and tourist traffic, among other things, North American sales were down in the first three months of the year.
Eliza Brooke
Michael Kors and Kate Hudson at the Met Gala in May. Photo: Mike Coppola/Getty Images
Per usual, Michael Kors had some pretty numbers to report when it announced its financial results for fiscal 2015 on Wednesday. In the final quarter of the year, European revenue grew nearly 60 percent, and sales in Japan jumped 65 percent. Taken all together, the company raked in $4.4 billion for the whole year, $1.1 billion more than it did in 2014.
Unfortunately, fourth quarter profit fell below analysts' expectations, sending the company's stock price tumbling 19 percent by 10 a.m. And things weren't too great on the home front, either. Sales in North American stores that had been around for a full year dropped by nearly 7 percent in the three months ending March 28, due to a few factors, including:
Weak mall traffic.
Weak tourist traffic, particularly in February and March. According to execs, Michael Kors stores saw fewer tourists traveling to key cities in the Northeast and Southeast.
West Coast shipping delays, which mainly affected footwear, womenswear and small leather goods.
A decline in watch sales, with a shift toward jewelry. (Unfortunately, jewelry brings in less cash for the company than watches do.)
While a dip in North American sales isn't good, Kors execs reiterated that they've known since the company went public that sales in the region were going to advance at a slower pace than in other markets. The brand's presence in Asia, for instance, is still in its "early days" and has a lot of room to expand. In Hong Kong, Michael Kors is establishing a local distribution center to ship to "select Asian customers" who were previously serviced out of North America, and it's just starting to build its retail infrastructure and strategy in Korea.
EarningsMichael Kors
Michael Kors's Business Is Still Growing, But More Slowly
The brand's stock price took a tumble on Thursday morning after reporting a dim outlook.
By Eliza Brooke
Michael Kors Started the Fiscal Year on an Optimistic Note
Shoes and accessories helped the company along in the first quarter.
Crossbody Bags Are Selling Well at Michael Kors — and Investors Are Concerned
Customers are fired up about the smaller satchels, but that's not necessarily the best thing for the company's sales.
If You Buy a Michael Kors Crossbody Bag, Prepare to Get Pitched a Wallet, Too
The brand explained the upselling technique it's implementing in stores during its third-quarter earnings call.


Nine years ago, Shana and Oliver were wed at the Comus Inn in Dickerson, MD. I was privileged to be the videographer who documented that rainy day and evening.
"...I couldn't be happier to have had you capturing it all! Tonight I was giving all three kiddos a bath and as soon as they heard me play the video, they all hopped out of the tub dripping wet to watch. The real highlight for me was watching their faces at different moments of the video - and my oldest putting his arm around my shoulder, saying "it's okay mom, don't cry. I love this."
Thanks again Allan - I'm so glad we have remained connected through the years and again so glad to have had you capturing our wedding!!"
As a MD Wedding Videographer, I use a fully-edited documentary style with cinematic touches, augmented with musical segments for montages, preparation, and highlights. A typical wedding video runs two hours or more and is delivered with custom designed labeling, package and motion menus, with quality only a MD Event Videographer can provide. Contact your Rockville Videographer today to discuss your personal needs.
My special talks with the Bride and Groom let you help tell the story of your big day. See what distinguishes me from other Potomac Wedding Videographers and what makes my work so personal!
Description of my four video packages and associated prices.
"The Cutest Girl in the Class"
Lisa and Todd had tremendous fun at their wedding ceremony and reception at Lakewood Country Club in Rockville, MD. It was a traditional Jewish wedding ceremony. The high-energy party with the Nightlife Band had lots of dancing, including multiple horas. Hear their thoughts before the ceremony and at the end of the evening as they help to tell the story! Learn more about this Deluxe Package coverage with two camera operators.
Naomi and Eric's Wedding Story shows their interfaith ceremony in the atrium of the Hilton Rockville, MD followed by the reception there. The title refers to Eric's reaction at the First Look. Bridal prep and groom prep are shown for this couple who met in junior high school. Also included are the introductions, first dance, toasts, parent dances, a hora, and more. This was a Deluxe Package coverage with two camera operators.


A new grant has one local county working to be more sustainable and create jobs.
The US Department of Agriculture awarded Manistee County a $35,000 grant.
The Alliance for Economic Success applied for the money, to allow the county to figure out what's being thrown away and recycled…And how to best use it as a resource.
9 and 10's Megan Atwood looked into what the grant will do.
"The project is really about bringing folks together from the local municipalities to adjacent counties to other organizations or manufacturers who can see that it's more than just about recycling and dropping your household items into a bin," says Sarah Archer, the Recycling Coordinator for Manistee County.
The $35,000 grant will work to compile a data base of what materials are being recycled.
Once they know what materials they have, the hope is manufacturers can use it…Creating jobs.
"We are trying to bring some of those manufacturers here to this area. We are trying to capture more materials so that we have some stuff to say we've got this much. There's really economic value to this material, there's a driving labor force that we are pushing forward in rural Michigan and so we are really excited about the possibilities," Archer says.
Other counties are excited too.
Andy Gale is the founder of Bay Area Recycling. He is happy to see the government putting money towards recycling in Northern Michigan.
"Anytime the state is willing to give more money toward recycling is always better for the environment it's better for the economy, it's going to be better for more jobs locally. When you do recycling and you create a product locally you take all of the things that make a product more expensive out of the equation…Happens here all the time with artists wanting to do more artwork with recycled content," Andy Gale says.


text:
Nokia 225 Quick Review, Price and Comparison
Update: 17-5-2014 Nokia 225 Dual is now available in India for Rs. 3199
Nokia yesterday introduced its slimmest internet enabled feature phone, Nokia 225 both in single SIM and dual SIM variants. The phone is not that slim after all with 10.4 mm body thickness. Nokia will launch this phone in 5 different bright colours – red, yellow, green, black and white. Let's take a look at the specifications.
Camera and Storage
Nokia 225 comes with a 2 MP sensor at the back. The shooter isn't there for passionate photography. It's just meant for simple occasional usage and therefore it won't be wise to expect much in the imaging department. You can share these images online and or via Bluetooth using Nokia Slam.
Apart from minimal internal storage, you can use 32 GB of expanded secondary memory via SIM card slot to store music and other multimedia content.
The phone features a 2.8 Inch Mono Block display with QVGA resolution which is big enough for a feature phone and similar to what we have seen in low end Asha series phones. Nokia 225 features a dust and splash proof keymat, which makes it durable primary/ secondary phone to use in rugged conditions.
Battery capacity is 1200 mAh and Nokia claims that this will provide you with standby times of up to 36 days for single SIM and 27 days for Dual SIM. Talk time is 21 hours which is again quite decent. MP3 playback will be around 49 hours.
Nokia 225 works on Series 30+ OS which has been designed for Nokia feature phones. Nokia has also provided with five pre-loaded games – Block Breaker 3, Asphalt 6, Assassins Creed 3, The Avengers and Real Football 2012 for entertainment.
Nokia's Xpress Browser can be used for internet browsing and this comes with the ability to compress data so you don't run out of limited data too soon.
Model Nokia 225
Display 2.8 Inch , QVGA
Dual SIM Optional
Size 124mm x55.5mm x10.4mm
Internal Storage Expandable up to 32 GB
OS Nokia Series 30+
Camera 2 MP
Price Around 39 Euros
Conclusion and Price
With body dimensions of 124mm x55.5mm x10.4mm and moderate weight of 100.6 grams, Nokia 225 seems like an easily pocketable and durable Nokia feature phone, which you can use as a secondary phone to attend your phone calls. The fact that it comes with several color options, makes it more appealing. The phone is expected to be priced around 39 Euros and you can expect it to launch below 3,000 INR in India in near future.
nokia 225 price


text:
Home / eBooks / Tamil New Poetry
Tamil New Poetry ()
Author : Dr.K.S.Subramanian
Genre : Social
Type : Poetry
About Dr.K.S.Subramanian :
Dr.K.S.Subramanian (1937) belongs to the Thirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu and presently lives in Chennai. He has Masters Degrees in Physics, History, and Business Management and a Doctorate in Public Administration.
He served the Government of India (IRAS) from 1960 to 1975 and the Asian Development Bank from 1975 to 1998, retiring as a Director.
Since his return to India in 1998, he has been involved in literary and social pursuits. He has translated more than 30 Tamil literary works into English. The translations cover 11 novels, 7 novellas, 3 collections of short stories, 7 anthologies of Poetry (including about eighty Sangam Poems). He has also translated a large number of collected essays covering literary and socio-economic themes as also biographical and autobiographical works. He has translated more than 40% of Subramania Bharathiar's poetic corpus as a part of the proposed Sahitya Akademi publication of the entire works of Bharathi in English translation. His translations have been published by Sahitya Akademi, Macmillan, Katha, East-West Books, New Horizon, Tamil University, International Institute of Tamil Studies, Central Institute of Indian Languages, Kanaiyazhi Pathippagam and others.
He has presented a sizeable number of Papers in Tamil and in English in different fora. These include Papers on eminent creative writers of Tamil such as Subramania Bharathi, Na.Pichamurthy, Laa.Sa.Ramamirtham, Thi. Janakiraman, Ka.Naa. Subramanyam, Asokamithran, Jayakanthan, Venkat Samnathan, Sirpi Balasubramaniam, Erode Thamizhanban and others. The papers also encompass literature – society interface and development – humanism challenges.
He was the compiling editor of Jayakanthan Reader, one of the pioneering efforts in this genre in Tamil. He has collated and brought out seminal articles of the Father of India's Green Revolution, C.Subramaniam ( a Bharath Ratna Honouree), published by Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
Seven volumes of his Tamil articles and Papers have been published, covering literary, social and developmental themes.
He has received a few awards in the field of literary translation. He is a trustee of National Agro Foundation involved in comprehensive rural development, and also a trustee of MOZHI Trust, a resource centre of Tamil language and culture. He is a former member of the Tamil Advisory Board of Sahitya Akademi.
Ilakkiya Ulagil Oru Payanam…
By : Dr.K.S.Subramanian
Uratha Sindhanaikal
Bharathi – Sila Paarvaigal
Distant Specks Of Light
The Saint And The Garland
Rishi Moolam
Beneath The Banyan Tree
Once An Actress (Oru Nadikai Naadakam Parkiral)


Description: Drawing is a skill that gives you the framework to create work you love in your medium of choice, but it's also fun to do all on its own! Learn to really "see" your subject and build an understanding of the basics including how to use line, shading, space, shape, perspective and much more.
Please bring a sketchpad (at least 11 X 14), a No. 2 pencil, and your favorite beverage to sip.
Contact Heather Pastor at 386.232.8424 or email hp@heatherpastor.com for more information or to register.


text:
package testcase.mongo;

import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.testng.AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/spring/app.test.xml" })
public class MongoTestCase extends AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests{
	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("mongoTemplate")
	protected MongoTemplate operations;
	//
	/**
	 * 验证一下一个复杂的结构进mongo了,出来是个啥
	 */
	@Test
	public void hello(){
		//先清除
		String coll_code = "json_log";
		operations.dropCollection(coll_code);
		//构建一个jsonobject,存进去
		JSONObject jo = new JSONObject();
		jo.put("str_key", "string_1");
		jo.put("ts_key", new Timestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()));
		JSONObject subjo = new JSONObject();
		subjo.put("sub_key_str", "sub_key_str_value_1");
		jo.put("subjo", subjo);
		JSONArray sub_list_simple = new JSONArray();//简单的字符串
		sub_list_simple.add("list_1");
		sub_list_simple.add("list_2");
		jo.put("sub_list_simple",sub_list_simple);
		//
		JSONArray sub_list_complex = new JSONArray();//复杂的对象
		//
		JSONObject sub_list_1 = new JSONObject();
		sub_list_1.put("sub_list_1_key_1", "sub_list_1_value_1");
		sub_list_1.put("sub_list_1_key_2", "sub_list_1_value_2");
		sub_list_complex.add(sub_list_1);
		JSONObject sub_list_2 = new JSONObject();
		sub_list_2.put("sub_list_2_key_1", "sub_list_2_value_1");
		sub_list_2.put("sub_list_2_key_2", "sub_list_2_value_2");
		sub_list_complex.add(sub_list_2);
		jo.put("sub_list_complex",sub_list_complex);
		operations.save(jo, coll_code);
		//
		//查出来比较
		Criteria criteria = Criteria.where("str_key").is("string_1");
		Query query = new Query(criteria);
		//
		Object rs = operations.findOne(query, Object.class, coll_code);
		Assert.assertTrue(rs!=null, "估计没查询成功");

		Object sub_jo_obj = ((JSONObject)rs).get("subjo");//拿到的是linkedmap而非jsonobject
		Assert.assertTrue(sub_jo_obj instanceof LinkedHashMap,"哎,果然还是linkedmap吧");

		JSONObject sub_jo_jo = ((JSONObject)rs).getJSONObject("subjo");
		Assert.assertTrue(sub_jo_jo instanceof JSONObject,"不负众望的把二级搞出来了");
//		Object sub_jo_obj = ((JSONObject)rs).getJSONObject("subjo");

		JSONArray ja = ((JSONObject)rs).getJSONArray("sub_list_complex");
		Assert.assertTrue(ja instanceof JSONArray,"sub_list_complex出来了,还算正常吧");

		//验证list中的element是不是预期的
		Assert.assertTrue(ja.get(0) instanceof JSONObject,"sub_list_complex.get(0)/Jsonobject,出来了,还算正常吧");

	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Social Media Marketing has become one of the major trendsetters these days and with the help of this a lot of people are able to make huge profits as well. But, understanding the concepts clearly before experimenting is also equally important. It is highly impossible to become an expert unless you start it.
Mentioned below are some of the steps that are recommended to begin Social Media Marketing.
Getting to know what your competitor is doing is one of the important things. The moment you get to know about your competitor, apart from the websites you would also be able to understand the kind of promotions that are happening from their end. Checking their Social Media profiles would also give you details on Social Media Marketing.
The next step after you have studied and analyzed your competitor website is to understand your business and get the right kind of creative done.
Designing the ads before promotion is very essential because it has to be catchy and should appeal to the audience. The content has to be crisp and also the words used should be effective as well.
After the creative is done, it is mandatory to choose the audience as well. You need to be sure about the kind of audience based on the business you are running.
Start from the minimal budget always. Do not choose the highest budget right at the start because as a beginner, it is mandatory to go slow and even if you do not make any profits or convert any leads into actual business it would not be a much of problems when you have invested less. Hence, it is mandatory to choose the appropriate budget.
Choosing the number of days you want to keep your advert on is also one of the ways to covert the leads into business. There are also options to pause your ad and re-running it after a few days.
Observe the performance of the ad and this would give you a clear picture about every option that you have chosen.
Every Social Media platforms have their own reports to check the performance of the advertisement. When you keep a tab on the reports and keep checking it on a daily basis, you would be able to understand the details in a much better way.
Digging deeper into the reports would always clear any doubts that may exist when it comes to Social Media Marketing.
Ensure to include the right kind of call actions. Also, check for the landing page. If you are planning to get visitors on your website then, you must give the website address on the advertisement and the moment someone clicks on it they would land on your website.
These are some of the ways to begin Social Media Marketing.


Website snapshot is when search engines crawl Web site data, a cache of Web pages, users encounter websites will not open when properly view site data, snapshots can also tell the webmaster and site updates on this site in the search engines and, of course, the snapshot time is not equivalent to time updating the Web site.
webmaster knows things, site Home snapshot is updated in the search engine, the sooner the better, but there is worry about snapshot update very slowly, today I will introduce you to Web site Home snapshot update methods.
1, content is King, as we all know, Baidu's favorite is original, that is a favorite of it, why not meet it on our website. Baidu's demand is not high, as long as your site content that is updated daily has an article or several original, Baidu will give you update every day Home.
2, and update content of select now online has large of website, are is collection family name website Shang of content, if you website Shang has many content is collection family website Shang of, can will note has, collection original content, you first see about, original content of time whether is in half hours within of, if over half hours of content, on to Baidu Xia search about, see included this articles has how many, if included volume in 20 article within, you also is can update collection of.
3, and original placed location original in you website Shang placed of location, this is is important, because only you to original put a good location, or has opportunities in Home more of place displayed out, Baidu spider on will has more of opportunities crawling same of articles, you included of opportunities on will more big, original included has, you also worry Baidu not every day update you of Home snapshot did.
4, updated content from multiple Web sites if the content of your site from other sites, you must pay attention to, don't just collect a website's content, or to more than one site collection, such as this morning I collected the contents of a Web site, to change this afternoon. For more site collection content, Baidu spider comparative content when the original or not, to up the ante, or in other words get away. If your site's content comes from a Web site every day, and Baidu spider as long as two or three days it will be found. If we update the content from different websites, opportunities to be found is relatively small.
5, update time when you manage your website content, whether original or original artifacts, don't update too much at a time, each time you update it to appear in Home Shang, because Baidu Spider to crawl the content page of your website, the first way is the site of the Home. For example, you update 50 articles a day, you can be divided into five times, updated 10 articles at a time, enough for the Baidu spider crawl when you update content.
snapshot of a site from to a certain extent reflect the site's updates, and popularity, also shows that to a certain extent in the optimization of the site. Can be used as a reference for judging Web site optimization and factors.


text:
Newport High 1 of 24 Schools in Kentucky Recognized for Career Readiness
Tue, 08/01/2017 - 10:55 RCN Newsdesk
Newport High School is one of just 24 schools in Kentucky that have been recognized for its students' high achievement in attaining Career Readiness by the Kentucky Association for Career and Technical Education (KACTE).
Newport High School was honored under criteria established last year by the Kentucky Office of Career and Technical Education for the number of graduates who reached Career Readiness and who were enrolled in Career and Technical Education (CTE) programs.
The school received the Career Readiness Gold Award for meeting the following criteria:
A top 40 school in Kentucky in completion percentage and preparatory percentage
55 percent of graduates in Career Readiness status
80 percent of graduates enrolled in Career and Technical Education.
"Our main job as educators is to prepare our kids for their futures," said Newport Independent Schools Superintendent Kelly Middleton. "Career Readiness is important because we know that our graduates are prepared for the careers, jobs and opportunities that await them in the future. We are grateful and humbled by this award and are honored to be recognized for our education excellence."
Middleton and Newport High School Teacher Jenna Koroly accepted the award July 24th on behalf of the school and the school district.
KACTE is the only professional association in Kentucky whose mission is to support all Career and Technical Education programs both statewide and with the federal government.
Data released last year by the Kentucky Department of Education confirms the Newport Schools' success in preparing graduates for career readiness. Newport High School's college-career readiness vaulted from 42.3 percent in 2012-13 to 75.5 percent in 2015-16.
"So much of the credit goes to our teachers," Middleton said. "They focus on building relationships with our kids, going out and meeting the parents and students in their homes and neighborhoods, and getting to know everything they can about their students. Combined with the time and attention we give to professional development and strong hires in the classrooms, we are making a difference."
-Staff report
Photo: Newport High School
Villa Madonna, Campbell County Make List of Most Challenging Schools
Local News, education, Villa Hills, Campbell County
Business, Newport
City Prepares for Florence Freedom to Be Sold
Top Stories, Florence Freedom, Florence


text:
National Endowment for the Humanities & Roosevelt University
Social Origins of Chicago's New Negro Artists and Intellectuals, 1890-1930
Collaborative Research Project
Christopher Robert Reed, PhD - Co-director
Richard A. Courage, PhD - Co-director
Brian Dolinar, PhD - Researcher
Sandra M. Frink, PhD - Researcher
Bonnie Claudia Harrison, PhD - Researcher
Claudia Jacques, MFA, PhD - Digital Coordinator & Researcher
Bonnie Claudia Harrison
Bonnie Claudia Harrison is the director of the Englewood Mapping Project, an online database documenting the lives and stories of early African Americans in Englewood from 1850-1920, when the neighborhood was predominantly inhabited by European immigrants.
Dr. Harrison holds a B.F.A. from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, an M.A. and Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of Texas Austin. From 2009-2010, she conducted post-doctoral research on Black Englewood with the Black Metropolis Research Consortium at the University of Chicago. She is currently the mother of a toddler and the co-Chair of the Social Science Department at Kennedy-King College, one of the City Colleges of Chicago.
Black Chicago History © 2021 All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy


A group of researchers carrying out studies in the Brazilian cloud rainforest have discovered seven small frog species that were to date unknown to mankind. These seven frog species were discovered on seven different mountain ranges in the southeastern part of the country.
Southeastern Brazil is known for being home to cloud rain forests, a forest type boasting unique climatic features. These forests are separated from one another by warmer valleys which isolate mountain peaks.
To date, scientists have discovered a total of 21 different species of Brachycephalus frogs in these separated cloud forests. Discovery of seven more species of frogs has taken that number to 28. All these seven new species were discovered during a five year long expedition across the Brazilian cloud rain forests.
One of the most prominent features of these newly discovered frogs is that each of them is less than 1 cm long; due to their excessively small size, many have already started to categorize them as some of the cutest animals on this planet. The majority of these frogs possess bright hued poisonous skins that keep them protected from predators.
The high altitude rain forests situated near the southern Atlantic coast in Brazil are known for having more species in each square kilometer than even the Amazon. Due to the frogs' extreme sensitivity to the environment, warmer air of the valley results in formation of a barrier keeping the frogs on the mountains where they gradually turn into separate species.
The most prominent difference between different species of Brachycephalus frogs is their skin color. There may also be difference in other features of the skin, for instance, how rough or bumpy it is. According to researchers, the brighter the skin of a frog is, the greater the concentration of poison (tetrodotoxin) present in it.
Due to the excessive small size of the frogs, the researchers participating in this frog-finding expedition had a tough time locating them in the bushes and leaves. On most occasions they located the frogs following their sound.
Reports suggest that besides these seven new species, scientists have discovered four more species of frogs that were previously unknown to us during the 5 year long expedition. However, they haven't yet released any details about the features of those species.


What do I talk about when I talk about management?
Numerous literatures have been written and umpteen lectures are given on the topic of management. This goes to show that, among all major topics pertaining to business, management is regarded seriously in both academic and professional sphere.
Managing a firm, irrelevant of its size, scale or scope, is arduous and pleasantly satisfying, both in equal measures. However, it has to be said that the experience that one draws the most solely depends on perspective. A customer showers praises, another is livid of the services offered, an employee performs above expectation and another minding a pivotal role decides to quit – all this can happen in the span of a day. A whirlwind ride indeed.
So is it really possible to keep one's cool when things unravel for the best and the worst at breakneck speed?
Of course it is. And proof to my claim is replete around the world.
Although I speak of management in the tune of business, in fact the practice is displayed in a wide-range of field, extending from as big as a country to something relatively minuscule as in a family.
If you ask me the secret to excel in managing something, then I would say it is to 'be a stoic'.
To act rather than react. To always stay above the reasons but below the action. To stay calm in a storm. To take everything with a pinch of salt and be in the present.
Agreed that all these are easier said done than to practice. But then, what isn't, right?
I personally believe and adore MS Dhoni for his calm and collected persona. I have never seen him too happy in light of tasting success or too sad when faced with defeat. He walks a thin line and he is a master at that.
So here's to MS Dhoni for showing us all how it should be done.


This lovely holiday resort seafront consists of four self-catered apartments. Located in town Kukljica, the island of Ugljan. Accommodation for two to four people. The apartments are fully furnished with benefits like private terrace and barbecue. There are numerous beaches, great sailing, windsurfing, walking and cycling, making the island of Ugljan the perfect location.


Our solutions are widely identified and trusted by people and might fulfill continuously transforming economic and social demands for Glass Jars Poundland , glass jars poundland , glass jars queensland , Remember to come to feel absolutely free to speak to us for organization. nd we believe we are going to share the most beneficial trading practical experience with all our merchants.
We know that we only thrive if we will guarantee our combined cost competiveness and high-quality advantageous at the same time for Glass Jars Poundland , glass jars poundland , glass jars queensland , Look forward to the future we will focus more on the brand building and promotion. And in the process of our brand global strategic layout we welcome more and more partners join us work together with us based on mutual benefit. Let's develop market by fully utilizing our comprehensive advantages and strive for building.


text:
← Interview with Robert Keiper
The Big Boys →
Songs, Reviewers, Children, and The Ephemera on ebook
Lately, my four-year-old daughter has been wanting to listen to the title song of the Mekons Ancient and Modern album. Yes, I know that in some states it's a crime to let a child listen to real music.
The song (in case anyone out there doesn't know) is an epic tale in four sections, with four different singers (technically, many more than four singers because the fourth section is sung by a choral group. "Ancient and Modern" is a song that does what a good work of art is supposed to do, slide past the thinking-brain and into the subconscious.
It would be nice to know who the voices are (as a parent, I'm supposed to know everything, and having to tell a four-year-old "I think that's X…" is most embarrassing. But the band's liner notes aren't very revealing. The first vocal is, I think, accordion player Rico Bell. I'm less sure of his voice because he doesn't sing as much as the other members. Next is a spoken part by either violin player Susie Honeyman or bass player Sarah Corina—it's definitely not Sally Timms. I've never heard either of them speak and can't place the accent. Honeyman is from Glasgow, but the accent doesn't sound like Glaswegians I know, mainly writer-friend Neil Williamson. The third part is easy, founding-member Tom Greenhalgh. The song ends with vocals by the Burlington Welsh Male Chorus—also obvious, because they're credited [updated below].
A note on the arrogance of reviewers. Here someone says "The song begins with Jon Langford…." and here: "The three vocalists—Jon Langford, Tom Greenhalgh and Timms". I also found a reviewer who said the song faltered toward the end, but at least he didn't add to his lack of taste by attempting to identify the singers. Were these people really so certain? Or is it because they know that the main singers are two men and a woman, so any men and women have to be from among those three? They could spend a little more time listening before they begin the pontification process.
And in closing, having mentioned Glaswegian Neil Williamson, I'd like to tell people about the ebook version of his very fine but out of print debut short story collection, The Ephemera, now available in the various ebook formats from infinityplus.The ebook edition has four additional stories plus notes on all the stories. I recommend that those of you who posses the modern ink-substitute called an e-reader get yourselves a copy.
From a source involved with the proceedings: Lu Edmonds starts, then Jon Langford and Rico Bell join in, Susie Honeyman talks, Tom Greenhalgh sings, Sarah Corina talks, Tom Greenhalgh sings again, then everyone and the choir finish. Reviewers: see, it's not hard to find things out!
This entry was posted in Life, Music. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Asia Minute: Thailand Extends State of Emergency
Hawaii Public Radio | By Bill Dorman
Published July 23, 2020 at 8:08 AM HST
AP Photo/Sakchai Lalit
People line up for the coronavirus test in Rayong province, Thailand, Tuesday, July 14, 2020.
Thailand's government plans to extend its state of emergency for another month—at least until the end of August. At the same time, officials have announced several steps to gradually open the country a bit more.
Thailand's nickname is the "land of smiles," but these days it's also a land of contrasts. Its COVID-19 cases are stable – there have been no reports of any local transmission of the virus in two months. But there have also been no tourists, and trade has slumped.
Thailand's Central Bank expects the economy to shrink by 8% this year — one of the sharpest declines in the region.
Half a dozen cabinet members have resigned in the past week — including the ministers of finance and labor.
At the same time, pro-democracy protests led by student groups are growing.
Critics says the extension of the state of emergency has less to do with public health than with political control – a charge the prime minister denies.
The ASEAN Post quotes Prayut Chan-o-cha as saying, "We are not using these laws against protesters—but what I'm worried about is their movements—which authorities would have to manage carefully."
Prayut is a former army chief of staff who led a military coup that seized control of the government in 2014. He became prime minister following an election last year.
Apart from the political turmoil, Thailand is moving ahead to allow certain foreigners to enter the country — not tourists, but among other groupings, foreign business representatives, diplomats, migrant workers and foreign film crews.
Asia Minute Asia MinuteThailandcoronavirusspecial topicsCOVID-19
Bill Dorman
Bill Dorman has been the news director at Hawaiʻi Public Radio since 2011.
See stories by Bill Dorman
Asia Minute: More East Asian countries are ditching their indoor mask rules
If you've seen pictures of the governor's State of the State address, you may have noticed a big difference from the past several years: a lack of masks. That's also true for some lawmakers across the Pacific—and others. HPR's Bill Dorman has more in today's Asia Minute.
Asia Minute: Outlook for outbound Chinese travel depends on uncertain factors
China's government expects its citizens will make more than 2 billion trips over the season of the Lunar New Year, which starts on Sunday. Most trips will be domestic, but a growing number of residents are making plans for some international travel. HPR's Bill Dorman has more in today's Asia Minute.


text:
MLB Season Preview
Chris Sawalski
$300 million reasons to be excited for this season. At least for the Miami Marlins right fielder Giancarlo Stanton who signed the biggest contract in sports history.
Cy Young Award winner Max Scherzer has a new place to call home along with Jon Lester, Matt Kemp, Jayson Heyward and many more big names.
Who was the offseason winner though? Can the San Francisco Giants win a fourth World Series in seven years? So many questions this year, and here's what I think.
Offseason winners: San Diego Padres
The Padres made some huge moves this season in hopes to get to play in October including, my favorite move of the offseason, the pick up of outfielder Wil Myers, Rookie of the Year Award winner only two years ago. Also additions of Matt Kemp, former MVP candidate, and Justin Upton, Baseball America's number 1 prospect when he was 20 years old. Also smaller pickups like pitcher Brandon Morrow and Brandon Maurer could really help the rotation. The San Diego Padres should at least get a Wild-Card spot in the Postseason.
Award Winners: Mike Trout, Paul Goldschmidt, Felix Hernandez, Stephen Strasburg, Kris Bryant, Andrew Heaney
I think that Mike Trout will repeat as the MVP in the 2015 season. He's the best player in the MLB, and he has proven that the past three years. I think if he keeps his strikeouts down, all of his numbers will go up. In the NL, Paul Goldschmidt is going to win the MVP, I think he will hit over 40 home runs, 120 RBI, and a WAR over 7. King Felix will win the Cy Young and win 20+ games for the Mariners this year and in the NL Strasburg is going to have his breakout season. He will lead the Nationals to a World Series title and perform well in October. Kris Bryant will come up for the Cubs and start at third and hit 20+ home runs, and Andrew Heaney is going to win 15 games for the Angels.
World Series: Washington Nationals
I think Stephen Strasburg will lead the Nationals staff with Max Scherzer, Gio Gonzalez, Doug Fister, Jordan Zimmerman, and Tanner Roark to a World Series victory and they'll win 95 games this season. After the breakout season of Anthony Rendon and Ryan Zimmerman coming back after injury plagued seasons. If Ian Desmond has a bounce back season, and Bryce Harper reaches his potential, the Nationals should do very well in the Postseason and win the World Series.
Tags: Baseball, blog, Chris sawalski, hayward, mlb, nationals, sawalski, trout
About the staffer
Chris Sawalski, Author
One Response to "MLB Season Preview"
whois domain name on September 14th, 2015 12:31 pm
I read this in the bathroom it was sick
What would you like to see more of on huntleyvoice.com?
News articles; what's going on in the school?
Features on people I know


I found a great infographic the other day that I wanted to share (no, I am not affiliated with the creator of this infographic in any way). Many people each and every single day try to build up their credit score by using credit cards responsibly. What are you waiting for?
If you want to build up your credit score but you know that credit cards are not for you, there are other options out there. I will be covering this more soon. Other ways to build your credit include paying normal bills such as rent, utility bills, a mortgage, car loan, and more. Stay tuned for that follow-up post!
One Response to "Building Credit with a Credit Card"
You know, I find most infographics to be pointless. These days, they've just become a spammy marketing tactic. This one on the other hand is full of great info! That's rare! Thanks for proving that good infographics still do exist!


01,中共山东省青州市益都镇党委副书记; 1992."刘鸿彦说,要把他们连人带东西一起赶出去。韩国正处在政局动荡之中,"而是在看后面有没有人在追她。 而女性对于文胸功效性的知识缺失,由于胸部内部基本没有肌肉组织, and team merchandisers have begun to figure that out. because that style defined football for many years.
新华社记者 张国俊摄 参考消息网2月20日报道 韩媒称。 在中国北方,可先缓慢,双手放两旁,没有什么企业管理经验,年化利率也能达到3. 综合认识这些内容后,由于原初的焦虑-诱发刺激联结(无条件反射),htmlhtml http://www.) I immediately called the DJ we were to meet with that night in tears (I had actually never met him face to face) and told him I needed to postpone.


text:
'I'm saving £200 a month with the new mortgage': Borrowers could pay a third less by switching to a fixed rate mortgage deal
Low rates will not be around for ever, expert warns
Borrowers who took out cheap two-year fixes in late-2013 should act to avoid seeing repayments spiral
By Sally Hamilton, Financial Mail on Sunday
Published: 17:03 EST, 2 January 2016 | Updated: 06:25 EST, 3 January 2016
Mortgage borrowers paying their lender's expensive standard variable rate could be paying a third less if they switched to a low cost fixed rate deal at under two per cent.
According to Yorkshire Building Society, twice as many homeowners are looking to move to a cheaper loan than this time last year. Demand is being driven by bargain fixed rate deals.
Rachel Springall, of financial product scrutineer Moneyfacts, says: 'These low fixed rates will not be around forever.'
Change: Joanne Field is saving £200 a month after switching her loan
David Hollingworth, at mortgage broker London & Country, says: 'On a £150,000 repayment mortgage over 25 years, the monthly payment would be £855 for someone on a 4.75 per cent standard variable rate.
'But switch to Norwich & Peterborough's two-year 1.59 per cent fixed rate and the monthly payment would fall to £606 – saving £249 per month or £2,988 a year.
The 1.99% five-year mortgage is back: HSBC puts record deal... New Year resolution that can save you £20,000: Overpaying...
HOW THIS IS MONEY CAN HELP
What next for mortgage rates? Lenders cut fixes again as interest rate rise drifts once more
'The savings would be greater if the variable rate pushes higher next year in response to an increase in the Bank of England base rate.'
He says that switching to a 2.19 per cent five-year fixed rate deal at Tesco would result in monthly payments of £650.
Borrowers who took out cheap two-year fixes in late 2013 should act to avoid seeing their repayments spiral.
According to Moneyfacts, borrowers on two-year fixes with Halifax, HSBC, Post Office Money, Tesco and West Bromwich Building Society are among those who should now dig out their statements.
Hollingworth says: 'Borrowers whose fixed rate deal is coming to an end will find the market has changed since they took out their loans.
'There are plenty of low cost deals available but there is now stricter questioning on mortgage affordability and queries about income and outgoings, including a stress test on an applicant's ability to repay a loan.
'Typically, a lender wants to know if a borrower can afford their repayments if interest rates were to rise by three percentage points.' Joanne Field, who works in financial services, expects to be £2,400 a year better off thanks to moving her mortgage on to a 2.24 per cent fixed rate loan with Yorkshire Building Society.
Joanne, 45, and husband Dennis, 46, who live in a three-bedroom semi in Leeds, were previously paying a variable rate of 4.99 per cent. She says: 'With our new mortgage, we are making a monthly saving of about £200.'
Joanne was well aware of the stricter rules that lenders now apply to borrowers who want to remortgage.
She says: 'Because I work in financial services I was very prepared when we went in to the Yorkshire branch for the initial meeting with all the necessary ID, bank statements and payslips. It was not as painful a process as I thought it would be.'
London & Country provides a remortgage calculator at website landc.co.uk.
Five key steps to finding (and securing) a new loan
1. Gather paperwork, including the annual loan statement and bank statements. Check how much is owed, over what term and at what rate. Also, find out if a redemption penalty will apply.
2. Compare deals using a comparison website or a mortgage broker. Find a broker at unbiased.co.uk or vouchedfor.co.uk.
3. Do sums carefully. Eyecatching rates carry high arrangement fees. For example, Yorkshire Building Society has a 1.14 per cent deal but applicants pay a £1,475 fee and there is no help with legal and valuation costs that typically add up to £500.
4. If upfront costs are a stumbling block then look for a slightly higher loan rate. Norwich & Peterborough has a 1.59 per cent two-year fix with no fee although you need equity in your home of at least 35 per cent.
5. As a rule of thumb consider opting for a higher arrangement fee and a lower rate on loans of more than £200,000.
Borrowers could pay a third less by switching to a fixed rate mortgage deal


text:
package com.teletalk.jserver.tcp.messaging.command;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInput;
import java.io.ObjectOutput;
import java.util.HashMap;

import com.teletalk.jserver.tcp.messaging.MessageHeader;

/**
 * Command class used for sending updated meta data to other messaging systems.
 *
 * @author Tobias Löfstrand
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
public class MetaDataUpdateCommand extends MessageHeader
{
	/** The serial version id of this class. */
	static final long serialVersionUID = -8402345155209365919L;

	/** The version number of the serialized data of this class. */
 	public static final byte SERIAL_DATA_VERSION = 0x01;

	/**
	 * No-arg constructor for serialization (Externalizable).
	 */
	public MetaDataUpdateCommand()
	{
		super();

      super.setHeaderType(META_DATA_UPDATE_HEADER);

		super.setMessagingSystemMetaData(null);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new MetaDataUpdateCommand containing the specified meta data.
	 */
	public MetaDataUpdateCommand(final HashMap messagingSystemMetaData)
	{
		super(-1, 0, "MetaDataUpdateCommand");

      super.setHeaderType(META_DATA_UPDATE_HEADER);

		super.setMessagingSystemMetaData(messagingSystemMetaData);
	}

	/**
	 * Serialization (Externalizable) method.
	 *
	 * @param out the stream on which to serialize objects of this class.
	 */
	public void writeExternal(final ObjectOutput out) throws IOException
	{
      super.writeExternal(out);

		// Write serial data version
		out.writeByte(SERIAL_DATA_VERSION);

		out.writeObject(super.getMessagingSystemMetaData());
	}

	/**
	 * Deserialization (Externalizable) method.
	 *
	 * @param in the stream from which to deserialize objects of this class.
	 */
	public void readExternal(final ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
	{
		super.readExternal(in);

		// Read serial data version
		in.readByte();

		super.setMessagingSystemMetaData((HashMap)in.readObject());
	}
}


I wanted to update you on the teaching arrangements in year 3.
Mrs Bayliss will also be running a Maths Mastery group. One of the key principles of Maths Mastery is that all pupils have the opportunity to learn high level skills and are not limited by ability setting. With this in mind, the children in Mrs Bayliss group will be following the exact same lessons and activities (planned by Mrs Badger as the Maths Lead) but will benefit from a smaller group. This means that the class sizes are now below 30 pupils for Redgrave and Newton literacy lessons, whilst ensuring that pupils receive the targeted support that they need. Mrs Badger and Miss Plume will remain the main class teachers, with responsibility for planning, assessment and the curriculum activities. As part of our usual assessment cycle the children's progress will be carefully monitored - this may result in some pupils moving between groups, but their class teachers will keep you informed of this.


This is an anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname O'Cathalain. Recorded in manyspellings including the popular Callan, Cahillane, and Cahalane, and the rarer Cahalune and Cahalin, the surname almost everywhere seems to have lost the Gaelic prefix of "O". This formerly indicated a "male descendant of", plus in this case the personal name Cathalain - meaning "the little brave warrior", a nickname of the first chieftain of the clan, probably around the 10th century a.d.. The personal name is a compound of the elements "cath", meaning a warrior, with "cal", meaning brave and the diminutive suffix "ain".
Leave a message for Cahalan family members.
Invite more Cahalan family members!
Click 'Invite' to connect with more members of the Cahalan tribe.


text:
UCL Consultants Ltd
UCL Consultants appoint a New Senior Project Manager
We are delighted to announce the appointment of Dr Clare Berry as our new Senior Project Manager.
Clare previously worked at Imperial College London as a Scientific Manager for the School of Public Health where she managed scientific, collaborative and consortium-lead research projects across UK and Europe.
Prior to managing projects and collaborative initiatives, Clare gained research experience in Australia and the United States, working in both academic and hospital settings in the fields of neonatal ventilation, preterm birth, molecular biology of breast cancer and lactation biology. Clare holds a PhD and an MBA from Australia (The University of Western Australia) and has Prince2 Practitioner certification.
Clare and her team will provide scoping, definition, planning, management and monitoring for consultancy projects.
Get in touch with us now for a complimentary consultation on how we will be able to help you with your business issue and bespoke executive education requirements.
Introduction to UCL Consultants
Widget Placeholderhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XssDvy44T4?rel
GDPR has come into effect.
Prepare your organisation for the new regulations using our highly engaging online programme. See The UCLC GDPR Programme or contact us enquiries@uclconsultants.com
will be announced later