Now, "X" can be any number of different things, and while Jesus gets recruited for lots of different things, he seems especially prone to be pressed into service for whatever the Zeitgeist requires of him. And this line of argumentation often finds its way into the mix.
For myself, I have little interest in the particular issue for which the perception of Jesus' relation to others may serve as an exemplar; rather, it's the off-handed way in which Jesus' relation to others is appropriated as a functional shibboleth.
There is actually a categorical error in play here that we often fail to see with this sort of popular theologizing and argumentation, largely because it involves a rather glaring anachronism, and as moderns tend to have little historical consciousness, it often catches us unawares.
The difficulty with this conclusion, of course, is that it completely elides any potential distinction between what Jesus' eating and drinking with sinners might have entailed, and what content we tend to apply to "hanging out." My argument is that when we uncritically engage in this sort of argumentation, we commit a glaring anachronism and thus fall into a categorical error, thereby rendering the reasoning employed on its behalf fallacious.
One serious difficulty is that the terminology of "hanging out" can encompass a wide variety of relations and relationships. You can just as easily hang out with your spouse as with your best friend; at a concert or event with thousands of people you can go to hang out with thousands of your closest friends. The list could go on and on.
However, if we perhaps look a little more closely into how we tend to use this phrase, I think some broad patterns emerge.
As an example, if I am speaking to someone about what I did the previous night, I can give them lots of details about what happened. However, if I don't want to divulge too much, I will often tend to prepend "just" to hanging out, as in, "we just hung out." Or if I don't have anything in particular to do or in mind, I might offer to just go hang out with someone. The examples could be multiplied.
What seems to largely be the case is that we use "hang out" to express a sort of causal relation between oneself and another (or many others). It doesn't necessarily carry much significance or weight and can be applied to relationships of various depth and intimacy. The idea here is that the being-together-ness doesn't have much significance; nothing of consequence is intended to happen when we are hanging out; rather, it is casual, relaxed, non-judgemental, etc.
In fact, that seems to be exactly what we intend to mean when we apply this term to Jesus' relationship to others. We tend to juxtapose the standoffish-ness of the then-contemporary religious leaders who wouldn't even get near those they deemed unclean with Jesus' supposedly more causal approach in which there is a familiarity of sorts and a feeling of casualness in which people felt free to approach him.
For us moderns who tend to have many rather superficial relationships, this can be a rather appealing concept of Jesus: an approachableness in which we encounter Jesus like we encounter those we hang out with, without the potential baggage of having to go too deep, having any particular expectations, etc. I don't mean to say that every time we hang out with someone that this is the state of things, but rather looking more broadly at what we intend when we choose to describe our relation to others in this way.
It seems to me that this sort of picture is much better described as a caricature, and really only makes sense if we anachronistically supplant the content of how Jesus' relation to others is described with our own modern preconceptions of how we might want those encounters to appear.
But let's first deal with the anachronism.
It is this eating and drinking that causes us to imagine that Jesus "hung out" with the undesirables, but this is where the anachronism comes into play.
For us, eating and drinking can have very little significance. To be sure, there are times that it matters, and also when who is there matters. But for a large part of our lives meals are a time to refuel or to eat something we like. We can treat it as casually as when we hang out, and a lot of times it even accompanies our hanging out.
It is thus natural that- especially when we juxtapose Jesus' actions with the Pharisees who seemed (in our minds) to have a stick up their nether regions- we can easily elide this distinction and conflate how we approach eating and drinking with the significance it held in a completely different world and time.
For those in the ancient Near East, sharing a meal with someone was an extremely meaning-laden act. In the ancient tradition of hospitality, to share a meal with the traveling stranger implied (by strong bonds of honor) that you took their concern and their well-being upon yourself. They were largely vulnerable and unprotected and thus relied upon hospitality to not only reach their destination, but also to survive. It was thus a deeply rooted social understanding that hospitality was to be given to strangers, and that for them to accept your hospitality and for you to provide it created certain bonds and obligations between the two of you.
One sees this distinctly in both Abraham's hospitality to the three strangers as well as Lot's care and concern for the two angels who visited Sodom. Both felt compelled to not only provide for their guests' needs, but also to serve and protect them. For both men this hospitality created unanticipated yet accepted bonds between them and their guests, further underlying the importance attached to hospitality and the act of sharing a meal together.
Sit thou at a rich man's table, be not quick to remark upon it; it is ill done to cry out, Here is a table well spread! Be sure a covetous eye shall do thee no good; eye is a great coveter, and for that, like no other part of thy face, condemned to weep.
Keep silence, and give others a hearing; it shall win thee a name for modesty; if thou art but a young man, be loth to speak even of what concerns thee, and if thou art pressed for an answer, give it in brief.
It is thus easy to see why the Pharisees were so taken aback by Jesus' behavior. To them, eating and drinking were not a sometimes casual action that one undertook with just anyone. Rather, the shared meal in a very real sense served as a delineation of those with whom one identified or would choose to associate and thus intermingle one's identity.
This seems a strange concept to us given the relative lack of importance we tend to associate with meals. But what is extremely important about this understanding of the shared meal is that by eating and drinking with sinners, Jesus is not simply hanging out with them or having a casual association. Instead, he is effectively identifying with those whom the Pharisees, his disciples, the gospel writer and even himself understand to be sinners.
When we speak of Jesus hanging out with sinners as a way to buttress whatever argument we are attempting to make, we actually do his relationships with sinners a severe injustice. The difficulty thus is easy to see- it's not that Jesus didn't hang out with sinners, but rather that the relationships he chose to develop entailed something much deeper, much more important, and much more intentional that the terminology of hanging out simply cannot encompass.
His eating and drinking with sinners was not a casual association like one would have in going out with a friend to dinner; instead, there was a missional purpose inherent to it. His entire intent in eating and drinking with those who were sinners was precisely because he was calling them.
Jesus' call to sinners was to repentance.
It is important to recognize that the "good news" that Jesus proclaimed was an imperative to repent, and this is the "call" that is taken up during his meal with the tax collectors and sinners.
This, of course, seems counter-intuitive to us, as we do not normally associate people wanting to be with Jesus with them also being told to repent. At least that's not the way in which we tend to present it. Yet in the Gospel portrayals, Jesus' message of repentance causes people to seek him out- especially those who were the sinners.
We see this illustrated in the well-known account of Zacchaeus. Zacchaeus is a tax collector, which his countrymen perceived as delving about as low into sin as one could go. Not only did tax collectors typically collect more than required (for their "business-related expenses"), but their very employment was an insidious and consistent act of betrayal towards their countrymen in that they were effectively lackeys for an occupying force.
Men like Zacchaeus was thus essentially exiles in their own country, shunned by their compatriots and likely subjected to overt disdain. Granted, given the nature of Zacchaeus' reforms, he likely was deserving of it as far as it goes. However, that didn't mitigate the isolation that becoming identified with his sin created.
No doubt he had heard the sermons of his religious betters frequently, and evidently understood that his life of sin was something he needed to escape. But this is where the difficulty came in, and where Jesus' message of repentance was actually a message of hope for those who sought him out.
Interestingly, when sinners sought Jesus out of their own accord, we don't find him bringing their sin up to them. Obviously as God incarnate he knew everything already, but on another level he knew what they also knew- sin is its own punishment.
The weight of their sin was a heavy burden to bear, but in his day the law as it was often taught did not give them a way out. They could recognize the wrongness of their acts as much as they wanted, but since they had effectively become identified with their sin, their uncleanness pre-empted the possibility of repentance.
The point is that Jesus' message of repentance was attractive to sinners because it gave them a way to become right with God. The burden of a heavy conscience led them to seek Jesus out. His message had always been about repentance, and the moral clarity with which he spoke and acted gave them reason to believe that they could be made right with God despite all their sins. In contrast, the message of the religious leaders was that they had become their sins and were intractably identified with it; for them the law only offered condemnation.
In eating and drinking with sinners, Jesus certainly did more than hang out with them- he intentionally brought hope in the form of a call to repentance.
In choosing to identify with Zacchaeus in this way, Jesus does something incredible: Zacchaeus had formerly been identified with his sin; he was a "tax collector," and thus his sin defined his existence. By choosing to identify with Zacchaeus through sharing a meal, Jesus is able to sever that identity and offer him a new one, one in which neither his sin nor his appetites form his identity but in which "one who eats with Jesus" is now who he is.
Jesus isn't said to have attached any strings to this offer of a meal, but Zacchaeus knew what he had to do- it was actually what he was looking for all along and why he climbed the tree to listen to Jesus in the first place. On some level he hated his sin as much as it drove him to do the sinful things he did. Never before was there a way out, but suddenly this Jesus is preaching repentance, for the kingdom of God is at hand. Never before had he hoped for the kingdom of God, but Jesus was offering exactly that hope.
In the end, we do an injustice both to the gospel and to our our relationships if we view Jesus' relationship to people in the reductionistic guise of hanging out with them, especially if we do that as a justification for the "X" that we want to buttress. By doing so we sap the power of the Gospel and in fact become like reverse Pharisees.
Instead of piling up laws on top of people that condemn them, we tend to lack the moral clarity and conviction to even be able to describe sin so tat conviction can occur. We tend to be so afraid of giving offense that we often become complicit in the deadening of someone's conscience, and like the Pharisees we keep people out of the kingdom of heaven just as effectively. We make the same sorts of sneers about eating and drinking and the identity-creation it brings, but rather do so by taking an opposite tack.
If we want to be like Jesus in our relationships with others, we likely need to take a more missional stance; our relationships are not meant to simply be causal acquaintances but rather to have the purpose of helping people find the kingdom of God, of seeking the lost and the sick and the broken.
We are surrounded by Zacchaeuses; it remains to be seen if we will ever look up, and if there is any reason for them to come down.
At least for more than just hanging out.


The winning team receives permanent possession of the Vince Lombardi Trophy, a sterling silver trophy created by Tiffany & Company, which is presented annually to the winner of the Super Bowl.
However, there is an interesting story of how the Vince Lombardi Trophy was designed.
In 1967, Commissioner Pete Rozelle took charge of finding a trophy for the first AFL-NFL Championship Game.
Former NFL Executive Director Don Weiss, in his book "The Making of the Super Bowl," said Rozelle wanted the trophy to be aligned with his vision of everything about the game being first class.
The only company he contacted was Tiffany, which brought in the company's design chief, Oscar Riedener, a native of Switzerland who knew nothing about football. Reidener went to FAO Schwartz and bought a football that he put on his kitchen table. The next morning he grabbed a box of Cornflakes, poured them into a bowl, and stared at the football while eating.
Over lunch a couple of days later with Rozelle and a delegation from Tiffany's, Riedener drew a sketch of his design on a cocktail napkin. Rozelle liked it and it continues to be the design of the Lombardi Trophy 51 years later.


text:
Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges Act, 1965 (Chapter 20)
Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges Act, 1965
Commenced on 4 June 1965
[30 of 1965; 12 of 1977; 13 of 1994]An Act to give effect to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations; to provide for the immunities, privileges and capacities of certain international organisations and persons connected therewith, of representatives of other States attending international conferences and of consular officers and certain other persons; and to provide for purposes connected with the foregoing.
This Act may be cited as the Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges Act.
(1)In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—"consular employee" means any person other than a consular officer employed in the administrative or technical service of a consulate;"consular officer" means any person appointed as consul-general, consul, vice-consul or consular agent by a foreign State and holding a valid exequatur or other authorisation to act in Zambia in that capacity;"sending State" means the State by whom a diplomatic agent is appointed;"the Vienna Convention" means the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations signed in Vienna on the 18th April, 1961.
(2)References in this Act to "Commonwealth country" shall be construed as references to any of the following countries, that is to say, Australia, Antigua and Bermuda, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Dominica, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldive, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Solomon, South Africa, St. Christopher and Nevis, St. Vincent, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuzalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, Vannatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
(3)References in this Act to "consular officer" shall be construed as including persons in the service of any Commonwealth country holding such offices or classes of offices as may be specified by the Minister by statutory notice, being offices or classes of offices appearing to the Minister to involve the performance of duties substantially corresponding to those which, in the case of a foreign State, would be performed by a consular officer and references to "consulate" shall be construed accordingly.
3. Application of the Vienna Convention
(1)Subject to the provisions of section twelve, the Articles of the Vienna Convention set out in the First Schedule shall have the force of law in Zambia and shall for that purpose be construed in accordance with the following provisions of this section.
(2)In those Articles—"agents of the receiving State" shall be construed as including any member of the Zambia Police Force and any person exercising a power of entry to any premises under any written law;"national of the receiving State" shall be construed as meaning citizen of Zambia;"the receiving State" shall be construed as meaning the Republic.
(3)Articles 35 and 36 shall be construed as granting any immunity or privilege which they require to be granted.
(4)The reference in Article 37 to the extent to which any privileges and immunities are admitted by the receiving State shall be construed as referring to the extent to which any immunities and privileges may be specified by the President by order.
4. Immunities, privileges and capacities of certain international organisations and persons connected therewith
(1)This section shall apply to any organisation which the President may by statutory order declare to be an organisation of which the Republic or the Government and one or more other States or the government or governments thereof are members.
(2)The President may by statutory order—
(a)provide that any organisation to which this section applies (hereinafter referred to as "the organisation") shall, to such extent as may be specified in the order, have the immunities and privileges set out in Part I of the Second Schedule, and shall also have the legal capacities of a body corporate;
(b)confer upon—
(i)any persons who are representatives (whether of governments or not) on any organ of the organisation or are members of any committee of the organisation or of an organ thereof;
(ii)such number of officers of the organisation as may be specified in the order, being the holders of such high offices in the organisation as may be so specified; and
(iii)such persons employed on missions on behalf of the organisation as may be so specified;
to such extent as may be specified in the order, the immunities and privileges set out in Part II of the Second Schedule;
(c)confer upon such other classes of officers and servants of the organisations as may be specified in the order, to such extent as may be so specified, the immunities and privileges set out in Part III of the Second Schedule;
and Part IV of the Second Schedule shall have effect for the purpose of extending to the staff of such representatives and members as are mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (b) and to the families of officers of the organisation any immunities and privileges conferred on the representatives, members or officers under that paragraph, except in so far as the operation of the said Part IV is excluded by the order conferring the immunities and privileges.
(3)An order made under this section may, notwithstanding any provision of any written law, including this Act, confer on any organisation or person any immunities or privileges which are required to be conferred on that organisation or person in order to give effect to any international agreement in that behalf, but shall not confer any immunities or privileges greater in extent than those so required as aforesaid or confer any immunity or privilege upon any person as the representative of the Government of Zambia or as a member of the staff of such a representative.
5. Immunities and privileges of judges of, and suitors to, the International Court of Justice
(1)The President may by statutory order confer on the judges and registrars of the International Court, and on suitors to that Court and their agents, counsel and advocates, such immunities, privileges and facilities as may be required to give effect to any resolution of, or convention approved by, the General Assembly of the United Nations.
(2)In this section, "International Court" means the International Court of Justice set up under the Charter of the United Nations.
6. Diplomatic immunities of representatives attending international conferences
Where a conference is held in Zambia and is attended by the representatives of the Government and the government or governments of one or more other States, and it appears to the Minister that doubts may arise as to the extent to which a representative of the government of any such State and members of his official staff are entitled to diplomatic immunities, he may—
(a)compile a list of the persons aforesaid who are entitled to such immunities and cause that list to be published in the Gazette; and
(b)whenever it appears to the Minister that any person ceases or begins to be entitled to such immunities, amend the list and cause a notice of the amendment or, if he thinks fit, an amended list, to be published as aforesaid;
and every representative of the government of such State who is for the time being included in the list, and such of the members of his official staff as are for the time being included in the list, shall be entitled to the like immunities as are accorded to a diplomatic agent of a sending State accredited to Zambia and to members of the official staff of such a diplomatic agent respectively.
7. Immunities and privileges of consulates and persons connected therewith
Subject to the provisions of this Act, a consular officer and a consular employee (other than persons on whom immunities and privileges are conferred by virtue of section three) shall be entitled to immunity from suit and legal process in respect of things done or omitted to be done in the course of the performance of his official duties as such, and to such inviolability of official archives and official correspondence as is necessary to comply with the terms of any treaty or other international agreement applicable to Zambia or as is recognised by the principles of customary international law and usage.
8. Restriction of power of entry in relation to consular offices
(1)The President may by order direct that this section shall apply to any State specified in the order, being a State with which a treaty or other international agreement applicable to Zambia is in force providing for matters for which provision is made by this section.
(2)Subject to the provisions of subsection (4), a consular office of a State to which this section applies shall not be entered by a police officer or other person acting in the execution of any warrant or other legal process or in the exercise of a power of entry under any written law, except with the consent of the consular officer or of his nominee or, if that consent is withheld or cannot be obtained, with the consent of the Minister:Provided that this subsection shall not apply to any consular office which for the time being is in charge of a consular officer who is a citizen of Zambia or is permanently resident in Zambia.
(3)The consent of a consular officer or person referred to in subsection (2) shall be presumed in the event of fire or other disaster or in the event that the police officer has reasonable cause to believe that a crime involving violence has been or is being or is about to be committed in the consular office.
(4)In this section, "consular office" means any building or part of a building which is occupied exclusively for the purposes of the official business of a consular officer.
9. Exemption from taxation of consular officers and consular employees
Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Minister may by order to the extent specified therein exempt any consular officer or consular employee from taxes, duties, rates, fees or other dues levied by the Government or a local authority:Provided that this section shall not apply to any consular officer or consular employee who is a citizen of Zambia or is permanently resident in Zambia.
10. Waiver of immunities of consular officers and consular employees
(1)The government of the State by which a consular officer or consular employee was appointed may waive any immunity conferred on that consular officer or consular employee by or under this Act.
(2)Waiver under this section shall be express and shall be communicated to the Government of Zambia in writing.
11. Size of consulate
In the absence of an express agreement as to the size of a consulate in Zambia, the Government of Zambia may require that the size of the consulate be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable and normal, having regard to circumstances and conditions in Zambia and to the needs of the consulate.
12. Restriction of immunities and privileges
(1)If it appears to the President that the immunities and privileges accorded to a mission or consulate of the Republic in the territory of any State, or to persons connected with that mission or consulate, are less than those conferred by this Act on the mission or consulate of that State or on persons connected with that mission or consulate, the President may by order withdraw such of the immunities and privileges so conferred from the mission or consulate of that State or from such persons connected therewith as appears to the President to be proper.
(2)Nothing in this Act shall be construed as precluding the President from declining to accord immunities or privileges to, or withdrawing immunities or privileges from, nationals or representatives of any State on the ground that that State is failing to accord corresponding immunities or privileges to citizens or representatives of Zambia.
12A. Power to control supplies of tax-free goods
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Act, the President may, if he deems it expedient so to do in the interests of equitable distribution of goods, by statutory order, prescribe the maximum amount of any goods specified in such order which may be supplied free of tax, for any period named in such order, to any organisation, mission, consultate or other person to whom such privileges are accorded by or under the provisions of this Act.[As amended by Act No. 12 of 1977]
13. Publication of lists of persons entitled to immunity
The minister shall compile a list of the persons appearing to him to be entitled to immunities or privileges by or under the provisions of this Act, except—
(a)children under the age of eighteen years of a person so entitled;
(b)any person whose name appears on a list published under section six;
and he shall from time to time amend the list and shall cause the list and any amendment of the list or any amended list to be published in the Gazette.
14. Identity cards
(1)The Minister or a person authorised by him in that behalf shall issue an identity card in a form approved by the Minister to any person who is entitled to immunities or privileges under this Act.
(2)When the person to whom an identity card was issued under subsection (1) ceases to be entitled to the immunities and privileges accorded to him under this Act, the identity card issued to him shall thereupon have no effect.
(3)Subject to the provisions of this Act, any person who is in unlawful possession of or makes use of an identity card issued to any other person under this section shall be guilty of an offence and be liable to a fine not exceeding three thousand penalty units or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both.[As amended by Act No. 13 of 1994]
If in any proceedings any question arises whether or not any person is entitled to immunities or privileges by or under the provisions of this Act, a certificate issued by or under the authority of the Minister stating any fact relevant to that question shall be conclusive evidence of that fact.
16. Special provisions relating to customs duty
(1)Any article which on importation is exempted from customs duty under the provisions of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention or any order made under section four or nine shall not be sold or otherwise disposed of to a person who is not entitled to the exemption granted by that Article or order except with the consent of the Controller of Customs and Excise and upon the payment to him of customs duty.
(2)Any exemption from customs duty granted to any person under this Act shall not be construed as exempting that person from compliance with the formalities in respect of the importation of goods which are prescribed in any written law relating to customs.
17. Power of Minister to add to or vary list of Commonwealth countries and to specify offices corresponding to consular offices
The Minister may be statutory notice—
(a)add to or vary the list of Commonwealth countries for the purposes of this Act;
(b)specify the offices or classes of offices held by persons in the service of any Commonwealth country which appear to him to involve the performance of duties substantially corresponding to those which, in the case of a foreign State, would be performed by consular officers.
18. Repeal and saving
(1)The Immunities and Privileges Act, 1956, is repealed.
(2)Where there is any conflict or inconsistency between any provision of this Act or order made thereunder and any provision of any other written law, then the provision of this Act or order made thereunder shall prevail and the provision of that other written law shall, to the extent of the conflict or inconsistency, have no effect.
(3)Nothing in this Act or order made thereunder shall affect the provisions of the Consular Conventions Act.[Cap. 21][Federal Act 31 of 1956]
First Schedule (Section 3)
Articles of the Vienna Convention having the force of law in Zambia
For the purpose of the present Convention, the following expressions shall have the meaning hereunder assigned to them:
(a)the "head of the mission" is the person charged by the sending State with the duty of acting in that capacity;
(b)the "members of the mission" are the head of the mission and the members of the staff of the mission;
(c)the "members of the staff of the mission" are members of the diplomatic staff, of the administrative and technical staff and of the service staff of the mission;
(d)the "members of the diplomatic staff" are the members of the staff of the mission having diplomatic rank;
(e)a "diplomatic agent" is the head of the mission or a member of the diplomatic staff of the mission;
(f)the "members of the administrative and technical staff" are the members of the staff of the mission employed in the administrative and technical service of the mission;
(g)the "members of the service staff" are the members of the staff of the mission in the domestic service of the mission;
(h)a "private servant" is a person who is in the domestic service of a member of the mission and who is not an employee of the sending State;
(i)the "premises of the mission" are the building or parts of buildings and the land ancillary thereto, irrespective of ownership, used for the purposes of the mission including the residence of the head of the mission.
1.In the absence of specific agreement as to the size of the mission, the receiving State may require that the size of a mission be kept within limits considered by it to be reasonable and normal, having regard to circumstances and conditions in the receiving State and to the needs of the particular mission.
2.The receiving State may equally, within similar bounds and on a non-discriminatory basis, refuse to accept officials of a particular category.
1.The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. The agents of the receiving State may not enter them, except with the consent of the head of the mission.
2.The receiving State is under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity.
3.The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means of transport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.
1.The sending State and the head of the mission shall be exempt from all national, regional or municipal dues and taxes in respect of the premises of the mission, whether owned or leased, other than such as represent payment for specific services rendered.
2.The exemption from taxation referred to in this Article shall not apply to such dues and taxes payable under the law of the receiving State by persons contracting with the sending State or the head of the mission.
The archives and documents of the mission shall be inviolable at any time and wherever they may be.
1.The receiving State shall permit and protect free communication on the part of the mission for all official purposes. In communicating with the Government and the other missions and consulates of the sending State, wherever situated, the mission may employ all appropriate means, including diplomatic couriers and messages in code or cipher. However, the mission may install and use a wireless transmitter only with the consent of the receiving State.
2.The official correspondence of the mission shall be inviolable. Official correspondence means all correspondence relating to the mission and its functions.
3.The diplomatic bag shall not be opened or detained.
4.The packages constituting the diplomatic bag must bear visible external marks of their character and may contain only diplomatic documents or articles intended for official use.
5.The diplomatic courier, who shall be provided with an official document indicating his status and the number of packages constituting the diplomatic bag, shall be protected by the receiving State in the performance of his functions. He shall enjoy personal inviolability and shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention.
6.The sending State or the mission may designate diplomatic couriers ad hoc. In such cases the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article shall also apply, except that the immunities therein mentioned shall cease to apply when such a courier has delivered to the consignee the diplomatic bag in his charge.
7.A diplomatic bag may be entrusted to the captain of a commercial aircraft scheduled to land at an authorised port of entry. He shall be provided with an official document indicating the number of packages constituting the bag but he shall not be considered to be a diplomatic courier. The mission may send one of its members to take possession of the diplomatic bag directly and freely from the captain of the aircraft.
The fees and charges levied by the mission in the course of its official duties shall be exempt from all dues and taxes.
The person of a diplomatic agent shall be inviolable. He shall not be liable to any form of arrest or detention. The receiving State shall treat him with due respect and shall take all appropriate steps to prevent any attack on his person, freedom or dignity.
1.The private residence of a diplomatic agent shall enjoy the same inviolability and protection as the premises of the mission.
2.His papers, correspondence and, except as provided in paragraph 3 of Article 31, his property, shall likewise enjoy inviolability.
1.A diplomatic agent shall enjoy immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the receiving State. He shall also enjoy immunity from its civil and administrative jurisdiction, except in the case of:
(a)a real action relating to private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission;
(b)an action relating to succession in which the diplomatic agent is involved as executor, administrator, heir or legatee as a private person and not on behalf of the sending State;
(c)an action relating to any professional or commercial activity exercised by the diplomatic agent in the receiving State outside his official functions.
2.A diplomatic agent is not obliged to give evidence as a witness.
3.No measures of execution may be taken in respect of a diplomatic agent except in the cases coming under sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 1 of this Article, and provided that the measures concerned can be taken without infringing the inviolability of his person or of his residence.
4.The immunity of a diplomatic agent from the jurisdiction of the receiving State does not exempt him from the jurisdiction of the sending State.
1.The immunity from jurisdiction of diplomatic agents and of persons enjoying immunity under Article 37 may be waived by the sending State.
2.The waiver must always be express.
3.The initiation of proceedings by a diplomatic agent or by a person enjoying immunity from jurisdiction under Article 37 shall preclude him from invoking immunity from jurisdiction in respect of any counterclaim directly connected with the principal claim.
4.Waiver of immunity from jurisdiction in respect of civil or administrative proceedings shall not be held to imply waiver of immunity in respect of the execution of the judgment, for which a separate waiver shall be necessary.
1.Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article a diplomatic agent shall with respect to services rendered for the sending State be exempt from social security provisions which may be in force in the receiving State.
2.The exemption provided for in paragraph 1 of this Article shall also apply to private servants who are in the sole employ of a diplomatic agent, on condition:
(a)that they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State; and
(b)that they are covered by the social security provisions which may be in force in the sending State or a third State.
3.A diplomatic agent who employs persons to whom the exemption provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article does not apply shall observe the obligations which the social security provisions of the receiving State impose upon employers.
4.The exemption provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not preclude voluntary participation in the social security system of the receiving State provided that such participation is permitted by that State.
5.The provisions of this Article shall not affect bilateral or multilateral agreements concerning social security concluded previously and shall not prevent the conclusion of such agreements in the future.
A diplomatic agent shall be exempt from all dues and taxes, personal or real, national, regional or municipal, except:
(a)indirect taxes of a kind which are normally incorporated in the price of goods or services;
(b)dues and taxes on private immovable property situated in the territory of the receiving State, unless he holds it on behalf of the sending State for the purposes of the mission;
(c)estate, succession or inheritance duties levied by the receiving State, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 39;
(d)dues and taxes on private income having its source in the receiving State and capital taxes on investments made in commercial undertakings in the receiving State;
(e)charges levied for specific services rendered;
(f)registration, court or record fees, mortgage dues and stamp duty, with respect to immovable property, subject to the provisions of Article 23.
The receiving State shall exempt diplomatic agents from all personal services, from all public service of any kind whatsoever, and from military obligations such as those connected with requisitioning, military contributions and billeting.
1.The receiving State shall, in accordance with such laws and regulations as it may adopt, permit entry of and grant exemption from all customs duties, taxes, and related charges other than charges for storage, cartage and similar services, on:
(a)articles for the official use of the mission;
(b)articles for the personal use of a diplomatic agent or members of his family forming part of his household, including articles intended for his establishment.
2.The personal baggage of a diplomatic agent shall be exempt from inspection, unless there are serious grounds for presuming that it contains articles not covered by the exemptions mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article, or articles the import or export of which is prohibited by the law or controlled by the quarantine regulations of the receiving State. Such inspection shall be conducted only in the presence of the diplomatic agent or of his authorised representative.
1.The members of the family of a diplomatic agent forming part of his household shall, if they are not nationals of the receiving State, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 29 to 36.
2.Members of the administrative and technical staff of the mission, together with members of their families forming part of their respective households, shall, if they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State, enjoy the privileges and immunities specified in Articles 29 to 35, except that the immunity from civil and administrative jurisdiction of the receiving State specified in paragraph 1 of Article 31 shall not extend to acts performed outside the course of their duties. They shall also enjoy the privileges specified in Article 36, paragraph 1, in respect of articles imported at the time of first installation.
3.Members of the service staff of the mission who are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State shall enjoy immunity in respect of acts performed in the course of their duties, exemption from dues and taxes on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment and the exemption contained in Article 33.
4.Private servants of members of the mission shall, if they are not nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State, be exempt from dues and taxes on the emoluments they receive by reason of their employment. In other respects, they may enjoy privileges and immunities only to the extent admitted by the receiving State. However, the receiving State must exercise its jurisdiction over those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of the functions of the mission.
1.Except in so far as additional privileges and immunities may be granted by the receiving State, a diplomatic agent who is a national of or permanently resident in that State shall enjoy only immunity from jurisdiction, and inviolability, in respect of official acts performed in the exercise of his functions.
2.Other members of the staff of the mission and private servants who are nationals of or permanently resident in the receiving State shall enjoy privileges and immunities only to the extent admitted by the receiving State. However, the receiving State must exercise its jurisdiction over those persons in such a manner as not to interfere unduly with the performance of the functions of the mission.
1.Every person entitled to privileges and immunities shall enjoy them from the moment he enters the territory of the receiving State on proceeding to take up his post or, if already in its territory, from the moment when his appointment is notified to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs or such other ministry as may be agreed.
2.When the functions of a person enjoying privileges and immunities have come to an end, such privileges and immunities shall normally cease at the moment when he leaves the country, or on expiry of a reasonable period in which to do so, but shall subsist until that time, even in case of armed conflict. However, with respect to acts performed by such a person in the exercise of his functions as a member of the mission, immunity shall continue to subsist.
3.In case of the death of a member of the mission, the members of his family shall continue to enjoy the privileges and immunities to which they are entitled until the expiry of a reasonable period in which to leave the country.
4.In the event of the death of a member of the mission not a national of or permanently resident in the receiving State or a member of his family forming part of his household, the receiving State shall permit the withdrawal of the movable property of the deceased, with the exception of any property acquired in the country the export of which was prohibited at the time of his death. Estate, succession and inheritance duties shall not be levied on movable property the presence of which in the receiving State was due solely to the presence there of the deceased as a member of the mission or as a member of the family of a member of the mission.
Second Schedule (Section 4)
International organisations and persons connected therewith
Part I – Immunities and privileges of the organisation
1.Immunity from suit and legal process.
2.The like inviolability of official archives and premises occupied as offices as is accorded in respect of the official archives and premises of a diplomatic agent of a sending State accredited to Zambia.
3.The like exemption or relief from taxes and rates, other than taxes on the importation of goods, as is accorded to a sending State.
4.Exemption from taxes on the importation of goods directly imported by the organisation for its official use in Zambia or for exportation, or on the importation of any publications of the organisation directly imported by it, such exemption to be subject to compliance with such conditions as the Controller of Customs and Excise may prescribe for the protection of the revenue.
5.Exemption from prohibitions and restrictions on importation or exportation in the case of goods imported or exported by the organisation for its official use and in the case of any publications of the organisation directly imported or exported by it.
6.The right to avail itself, for telegraphic communications sent by it and containing only matter intended for publication by the press or for broadcasting (including communications addressed to or despatched from places outside Zambia), of any reduced rates applicable for the corresponding service in the case of press telegrams.
Part II – Immunities and privileges of representatives, members of committees, high officers and persons on missions
1.The like immunity from suit and legal process as is accorded to a diplomatic agent.
2.The like inviolability of residence as is so accorded to such a diplomatic agent.
3.The like exemption or relief from taxes as is so accorded to such a diplomatic agent.
Part III – Immunities and privileges of other officers and servants
1.Immunity from suit and legal process in respect of things done or omitted to be done in the course of the performance of official duties.
2.Exemption from income tax in respect of emoluments received as an officer or servant of the organisation.
Part IV – Immunities and privileges of official staffs and of high officers' families
1.Where any person is entitled to any such immunities and privileges as are mentioned in Part II as a representative on any organ of the organization or a member of any committee of the organisation or of an organ thereof, his official staff accompanying him as such a representative or member shall also be entitled to those immunities and privileges to the same extent as the retinue of a diplomatic agent of a sending State accredited to Zambia is entitled to the immunities and privileges accorded to the diplomatic agent.
2.Where any person is entitled to any such immunities and privileges as are mentioned in Part II as an officer of the organisation, that person's wife or husband and children under the age of twenty-one years shall also be entitled to those immunities and privileges to the same extent as the wife or husband and children of a diplomatic agent of a sending State accredited to Zambia are entitled to the immunities and privileges accorded to the diplomatic agent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Scientists at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine have been looking into how breathing affects the brain neurons. Neurons are the communicators in the brain. We have 100 billion of them. The breath is not just for oxygen, it also affects the brain function and so influences behavior. This also influences emotional judgment and memory recall. The scientists also found a relationship to inhalation and exhalation. There is also a link to whether the person is using the mouth or nose.
In this study the nose won out, when mouth breathing was used there was no affect. If a person in the study was asked to find the difference between a fearful face and a surprised face, they could recognize the face better if there was an inhale. This activity is linked to the amygdala, which is in charge of recognizing fear.
When the subjects were asked to remember something, then the inhale won out again. This process is linked to the hippocampus.
Come and try LENS neurofeedback. It will help with these problems of fear and memory response. Just remember to inhale when you want better results with understanding the brain.


text:
HARVARD EAST ASIAN MONOGRAPHS
Harvard East Asian Monographs 180
Recontextualizing Texts
Narrative Performance in Modern Japanese Fiction
Atsuko Sakaki
Harvard University Asia Center > Harvard East Asian Monographs
LITERARY CRITICISM: Asian: Japanese
See all: Harvard East Asian Monographs
Offering the first systematic examination of five modern Japanese fictional narratives, all of them available in English translations, Atsuko Sakaki explores Natsume Sōseki's Kokoro and Kusamakura (The Three-Cornered World); Ibuse Masuji's Kuroi ame (Black Rain); Mori Ōgai's Gan (Wild Geese); and Tanizaki Jun'ichirō's Manji (Quicksand). Her close reading of each text reveals a hitherto unexplored area of communication between narrator and audience, as well as between "implied author" and "implied reader." By using this approach, the author situates each of these works not in its historical, cultural, or economic contexts but in the situation the text itself produces.


text:
package com.idisfkj.hightcopywx.wx;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.View;

import com.idisfkj.hightcopywx.R;

/**
 * 自定义RecyclerView Decoration
 * Created by idisfkj on 16/4/23.
 * Email : idisfkj@qq.com.
 */
public class WXItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {

    private Drawable drawable;
    public WXItemDecoration(Context context) {
        drawable = context.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.wx_decoration_bg);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {

        int count = parent.getChildCount();
        int left = parent.getLeft() - parent.getPaddingLeft();
        int right = parent.getRight() - parent.getPaddingRight();
        for (int i = 0; i<count;i++){
            int top = parent.getChildAt(i).getBottom() - parent.getChildAt(i).getPaddingBottom();
            int bottom = parent.getChildAt(i).getBottom() + drawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
            drawable.setBounds(left,top,right,bottom);
            drawable.draw(c);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
        outRect.set(0,0,0,drawable.getIntrinsicHeight());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
module VagrantPlugins
  module CloudCommand
    module ProviderCommand
      module Command
        class Root < Vagrant.plugin("2", :command)
          def self.synopsis
            "Provider commands"
          end

          def initialize(argv, env)
            super

            @main_args, @sub_command, @sub_args = split_main_and_subcommand(argv)
            @subcommands = Vagrant::Registry.new
            @subcommands.register(:create) do
              require File.expand_path("../create", __FILE__)
              Command::Create
            end
            @subcommands.register(:delete) do
              require File.expand_path("../delete", __FILE__)
              Command::Delete
            end
            @subcommands.register(:update) do
              require File.expand_path("../update", __FILE__)
              Command::Update
            end
            @subcommands.register(:upload) do
              require File.expand_path("../upload", __FILE__)
              Command::Upload
            end
          end

          def execute
            if @main_args.include?("-h") || @main_args.include?("--help")
              # Print the help for all the provider commands.
              return help
            end

            # If we reached this far then we must have a subcommand. If not,
            # then we also just print the help and exit.
            command_class = @subcommands.get(@sub_command.to_sym) if @sub_command
            return help if !command_class || !@sub_command
            @logger.debug("Invoking command class: #{command_class} #{@sub_args.inspect}")

            # Initialize and execute the command class
            command_class.new(@sub_args, @env).execute
          end

          # Prints the help out for this command
          def help
            opts = OptionParser.new do |opts|
              opts.banner = "Usage: vagrant cloud provider <subcommand> [<args>]"
              opts.separator ""
              opts.separator "For various provider actions with Vagrant Cloud"
              opts.separator ""
              opts.separator "Available subcommands:"

              # Add the available subcommands as separators in order to print them
              # out as well.
              keys = []
              @subcommands.each { |key, value| keys << key.to_s }

              keys.sort.each do |key|
                opts.separator "     #{key}"
              end

              opts.separator ""
              opts.separator "For help on any individual subcommand run `vagrant cloud provider <subcommand> -h`"
            end

            @env.ui.info(opts.help, prefix: false)
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


text:
Thin line between neglect and independence for Japanese kids
© KYODO
A sign of the times, 'parents' neglecting their own kids.
Chip Star
Japan is considered safe,
a country where kids are allowed from a very early age to be independent. *
Incorrect. Children are allowed to run around and do what they please. Being independent has the connotation that they are also responsible.
Neighbors and the wider community foster this autonomy through the general acceptance that children in Japan, much more so than in other countries, are able to look after themselves.
I seriously doubt the veracity if this statement. It seems to me this autonomy is fostered by people not taking advantage of unsupervised children.
This is another Japan fluff piece by Kyodo. Ridiculous.
My parents gave me independence and if anything went wrong, I'd get punished for it.
I survived and I think I'm better for it.
Helicoptering has long term effects on the development of children and stunts their maturity.
One more sign of the break down in society. In my neighborhood these "latch-key" kids have something called a "gaku-do" 学童、typically a house, apartment, or some location, that they can go after school, have some snacks, play with their friends, study, and all under the supervision of adults.
Some schools have them on their grounds too,converting a old classroom or some other room!
There are vans that take them home too, if parents cant pick them up!
These are solvable problems, but municipalities MUST be proactive and put kids safety first!
People regularly claim 'I did X when I was a kid, and I'm fine', yet they aren't actually fine. That kind of evaluation can only be made by an objective 3rd party observer.
Alfie Noakes
Japan is considered safe, a country where kids are allowed from a very early age to be independent. Neighbors and the wider community foster this autonomy through the general acceptance that children in Japan, much more so than in other countries, are able to look after themselves.
Fantasy nonsense. Kyodo is now entering the realm of science fiction.
My number one question is Why did she consult with a teacher (school) instead of the parents? I don't believe it is a school matter. The parents should sit-down together and work things out in the utmost positive way.
kohakuebisu
As ever, Japan is what you see with your own eyes people! Not what Kyodo or anyone else tells you to think.
I was under the impression that gakudo was just an after-school club, a supervised place where kids of working parents can spend time.
Regarding hochigo, this is not new. There was a famous case at least ten years ago, which was then made into the movie Dare mo Shirenai (Nobody Knows). I think the reality is just that some people are terrible parents and society is too busy pretending they don't exist to step in and help the kids. In short, society fails in its responsibility to protect the children.
JJ Jetplane
children in Japan, much more so than in other countries, are able to look after themselves.
This statement I cannot agree with. Going home alone isn't the same as being able to take care yourself. If that were the case, many kids wouldn't stop to speak to strangers when they are spoken to by them. Furthermore, they wouldn't just enter a stranger's car or wander off with them.
As for leaving children alone, I think the bigger issue is the working culture. When parents are forced to work overtime and companies don't pay livable wages, this is the end result.
Bugle Boy of Company B
We have those vans in America too. they usually say "fReE cAnDy" on the side.
Seriously tho, local safehouses are much appreciated.
But thinking he was also her son's friend, she invited the boy in as well and served them all snacks.
But the boy began coming more frequently and would even take food from the refrigerator without permission, she says. He would hang around, seemingly with no intention of leaving even when it got late. After having her doubts, the woman asked her son about the boy and was astonished when he replied he had no idea who he was. "In fact, he was a total stranger. My son said he didn't know him at all," she said.
haha this is funny and 'so japan' on so many levels, love the story! Mum too kind/polite/afraid to confront the kid hitting the fridge & outstaying his welcome, mum & son not communicating, son & kid not talking, son giving 0 F about the whole thing etc. love it!
savethegaijin
My daughter is now 6 and a lot of her classmates' parents have started letting them stay home alone, or go otsukai which just seems insane to me. My daughter is probably the most responsible and well mannered kid in her entire class but I would never consider leaving her home alone or letting her go to conbini alone at this age. It's not so much that I think she'd do something wrong, I just don't trust a car not to hit her or some creep smoking outside of Family Mart to try something. MIL thinks I should let her otsukai but seriously, no chance. Even though we live in a nice family area in western Tokyo there's a few neighborhood crazies, people drinking in the morning and walking around talking to themselves... yeah, no.
powderb
The author seems to confuse being independent and being left alone.
In the States now some busybodies will call the police as soon as they see kids playing alone in the park or whatever. Seems like things are going in one extreme or the other depending on society view.
vallum
since1981 wrote Today 07:44 am JST
Read again. She had no idea who the kid was, that's why she consulted a teacher. She could have asked the boy, but it's doubtful he would have given his parents phone numbers to her, right?
Chip Star wrote Today 06:54 am JST
> a country where kids are allowed from a very early age to be independent.
Incorrect. Children are allowed to run around and do what they please. Being independent has the connotation that they are also responsible
Responsible for what exactly? What are the responsabilities of a child? Going to school, arriving on time, not getting into fights or bad stuff, being home on time? Well, most kids in Japan do that.
maxjapank
When I first moved into my house in a new part of my city, there was a young girl who often played outside my house. She was a bit older than my daughter, but she was friendly. One Sunday morning, she was over around breakfast time, and we asked her if she had eaten breakfast yet, and she said no. Turns out that her mother worked full-time as a nurse and was often gone. And her father would sleep all day on his day off. And no one was fixing breakfast for her. So we fed her from time to time. We did make contact with her mother, though, to make sure it was okay. Very friendly mom. Very apologetic. But we didn't mind.
This girl later became too old for my daughter and they went separate ways. But we'd see her from time to time. Still always friendly. In high school, she went on to a top level school and entered an international course which specialized in English. I've always wondered if being at my house, eating pancakes and what not, and hearing English spoken around her, led her to that direction. :)
My number one question is Why did she consult with a teacher (school) instead of the parents? I don't believe it is a school matter.
That's the mentality in all of East Asia seemingly; everything is the teacher's problem and fault. Add in the home room system and teachers are inundated with parents and students pestering them at all hours with every single one of their little life problems. Because asking the parents might make them lose face.
akerusan
good-natured individuals
Did you mean normal human being ?
As a parent I'm torn about this.
On the one hand yes, I get that helicopter parenting in North America has gone absolutely off the rails insane to the point that people will accuse you of parental neglect for letting a 12 year old ride the bus. That is nuts and not good for kids or parents.
On the other hand, I really do feel that a lot of Japanese parents go too far the other way. Like I've got two young kids (5 and 2) and we live near one of those idiotically dangerous roads which have no sidewalks or shoulder, poor visibility and aren't wide enough for two cars to pass each other, yet cars often whip by at extremely unsafe speeds.
Owing to the way the neighborhood is laid out, we have to take that road whenever we go out, its unavoidable. When we are walking with the kids on it to the park nearby, I rigorously keep them under control and whenever a car comes by I make sure I've got each of them as safely out of the way as possible because if I just let them do their own thing they'd eventually get run over by one of the damn speeding cars.
But I constantly see Japanese kids running around freely on the same road. Like the parents will let a 2 year old run ahead of them so far that if a car came whipping around a corner, as they often do, the parent would not be able to pull them to safety. It just drives me nuts since it seems so inherently unsafe to me, yet everyone seems to have a very blasé attitude towards child safety.
Maxjapank,
Nice story.
Glad she has done well.
RareReason
This article has nothing to do with teachers. Every opportunity possible all the under-qualified, overly-self-entitled English teachers start bleating on about how hard their life is.
Give it a rest.
poollymook
A couple commenters hit the nail on the head: the whackiness of that story starts with the mom not even bothering to ask her son "who are your friends?" and the son not saying anything when the 'unknown to him' boy followed him into his house. Disfunctional on all levels...
Jonathan Prin
My mom would let me bring friends at home but she would always ask who they are, where they live to be sure that they would not to do something their parents would not accept (eating, allowed time out, etc.).
Isn't that what an adult does, being responsible ?
I would have been considered myself seriously mentally-ill to let come and play someone with me at my place that I don't know.
The worst thing in the world for a child is to feel unloved and neglected. How sad. While it does take a village to raise a child, the primary responsibility lies with mum and dad.
Marriage, child bearing and child raising are the most serious responsibilities we'll ever have. Yet, many families and most societies don't make much effort to impart this concept to nor educate the next generation on how to do these things successfully. No wonder there are so many failed marriages, dysfunctional families and poor parenting.
Us parents ought to strive to be living examples to our kids of hands on, loving and responsible parenting, and high schools ought to touch on these subjects as well. That would help.
vallum; Read again. She had no idea who the kid was, that's why she consulted a teacher. She could have asked the boy, but it's doubtful he would have given his parents phone numbers to her, right?
Then I would have called the police.
There is something seriously wrong with a society that believes leaving a three year old at home alone is teaching them to be independent and not child neglect. I was always astonished by how many Japanese parents leave little kids at home alone for extended periods of time. Even my ex-wife suggested we go out fir dinner and leave a 3 and 5 year old at home alone.
Perhaps they are talking about the parents' independence so they can shirk their parental responsibilities on a whim.
Kazuaki Shimazaki
More interesting than the article itself is the JapanToday commentator crowd, many of whom seem to think Japanese parents are automatically wrong unless they come to the exact same conclusions as their Western counterparts. This is even though Japan is a different environment than the United States, which obviously means different tradeoffs. For example:
If that were the case, many kids wouldn't stop to speak to strangers when they are spoken to by them.
Whether this is a good idea depends on the locality. If you tell your kids to not speak to strangers no matter what, you may be playing it safe but you are also killing off entire bunches of your child's opportunities to independently converse with unfamiliar people, and to independently come to a conclusion regarding their safety or dangerousness.
A child that does not speak to strangers no matter what is not demonstrating good judgment. He is demonstrating slavish adherence to a norm. The norm may be optimum, at least for the locality, but the child did not judge at all and does is not even demonstrating bad judgment - he is demonstrating none.
Wobot
More interesting than the article itself is the JapanToday commentator crowd, many of whom seem to think Japanese parents are automatically wrong unless they come to the exact same conclusions as their Western counterparts
I'm sure most Japanese people would agree that feeding some random kid off the street with no connection to you isn't how it should be done! Unless they're in desperate need of course, my (Japanese) friends often take a rice bowl from a restaurant where it's self-service and give it to a homeless person. I'm sure my ('western') parents would have done the same if they thought that they were my friend
thepersoniamnow
Interesting how long it took to figure out that the outsider kid was not even someone her son knew! What kinda relationship did they have?
Sitting around pretending each other didnt exist? Anywho...fictional story...made up
juminRhee
Savethegaijin:
"Crazies talking to themselves..."
Sometimes you just need to talk it out between yourself.
theFu
Japanese elementary school children as early as first graders, for example, can be seen walking home from school or riding busy trains alone -- something almost unheard of in other parts of the world.
What? I walked to/from school almost every day from age 6 on. My friends in the neighborhood would go together.
After school, we'd go to someone's house and get some snacks before heading out to play some game or disappear in the the woods, swamp, beach. Which depended on the location which house had to freshest snacks.
Catching a bus was very common when we moved to a place about 3 miles from school. Also had to make/pack our own lunches from age 7 on. Forget to do that and go without 1 day and you'll never forget again.
This was common everywhere I've lived.
Sometimes I'd come home to a note saying to make dinner for X people with these ingredients. There was also a "chores" list on the fridge for each kid in the family. From age 5 on, we all had assigned tasks. Every year, the list would get longer for each kid.
I never felt neglected, but I wasn't home alone ever before age 13. At age 10, I started baby sitting other kids. That was a common thing at the time. At 10 yrs old, everyone was considered old enough to be home alone for 6 hrs.
Abbeyroad45
As my kids get older, I've noticed this more and more. There's a neighborhood park that I think is used as substitute babysitting by some parents, as there are a few children always there who seem desperate for adult attention but who never seem to go home. I really feel for these kids as they are still out there when everyone else goes home for dinner and bedtime. Sometimes they will ask whatever adult is there if they can come over for dinner, but my husband is very much against having children whose parents we don't know in our house, so I have never brought them home for dinner. I have brought rice balls to the park a few times, and I have seen other parents do the same. We have also notified the local elementary school, but it hasn't seemed to do much good. I have no idea who the parents are, not will they tell me.
I don't think this is something unique to Japan, of course, and I remember similar "stray" children being around when I was a kid. Where I grew up, the city parks offered a safe place for kids to be in the evening, with staff to supervise them and a meal provided to those who needed it. Would like to see communities here do more of the same. I know of one town nearby that does "kodomo no shokudo" for kids who otherwise wouldn't get an evening meal, and would like to see more of this.
That's more or less correct. Both of my boys used the club across the street from their school. It was/is administered by Kita Ward and supervised by professionals. There is, however, great variation in these clubs. Their quality depends on local government initiative. Kita Ward is very progressive and proactive.
Japanese elementary school children as early as first graders, for example, can be seen walking home from school or riding busy trains alone
These are kids who go to private schools. You can tell they are private school students because they wear uniforms. Very, very few public schools require uniforms for elementary school kids.
Elementary school kids going to public schools in Tokyo are generally required to attend one within walking distance of their home. Those with special needs are the only major exception.
Elementary school kids attending public schools go to/from schools along designated routes led by either an adult or an older student (usually a sixth grader). In Kita Ward senior citizen volunteers walk with elementary school kids who go home after hours. I presume other jurisdictions have similar systems. My kids used this sytem.
Henny PennyToday 12:55 pm JST
Based on the Japanese Wikipedia, this system would seem to be in the minority:
徒歩 - 学校から自宅まで近距離の場合、歩いての通学。小学校などでは、登校時に班を作って、集団で登校をする学校や地域もある。
Translation: Walking - when the distance between residence to school is close, going to school by walking. For elementary schools and like, there are also schools and regions that arrange squads for collective going to school.
To supplement the above, here:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302874075_International_Origins_of_Walking_School_Buses_and_Child_Fatalities_in_Japan_and_Canada
is an article claiming 65% of elementary schools have a 集団登校 program (such programs having started in 1955) and ostensibly Student Participation is "All Students in School".
My reaction is Really. I really don't remember seeing those little groups with yellow flags (maybe I've seen some kindergarteners or something), and I can not remember a single media work where elementary school kids are portrayed to use this system.
Maybe the issue is with the "problems" – as he puts it:
1) A child is late to the meeting point. The lead child may have difficulty deciding when to leave, which can lead to the-group being late. If it is uncommon for that child to be late,the lead child may swing by the tardy child's home and call out "we're off!" to prompt the child to come quickly. If the child is chronically late, they may be dropped from the group.
2) A child is absent/unable to go to school. In such cases, the parent may inform the school, but no message is sent to the group of children who remain at the meeting point, waiting for the absent child.
3) The meeting time is considered too early. Even though schools will typically start at around 8:30 AM, the meeting time may be considerably earlier such as 7:45 AM for a 10-minute walk. This may be a result of trying to allow for children who are late (no matter the time) and thus giving ample "cushion" time; it may also be the result of anticipating slow or leisurely walking speeds by the children.
4) A child is very early. Some children may want to get to the school in order to play. Others may come from homes where the parents must work early. In such cases, the child may not wait around for the others and simply go to the school directly.This can cause the same problem as above (1) with the group waiting for the non-present child.
5) The meeting location is problematic. In some cases, the meeting point may be further from the school than the child's home. In others, it may be located at a point where there isconsiderable traffic such as by a convenience store parking lot. In still others, the children may be waiting at a point that inconveniences other people such as in the lobby of an apartment.
Reading between the lines, every kid who does not want to wake up at 7:30 so he can join a 7:45 group assembly for a 10 minute walk to a school starting at 8:30, the kids with clubs that require really early attendance, some for which the route is just too inconvenient, and everyone that's too embarrassed to be wearing yellow caps and then led by someone waving a yellow flag … have all have quietly opted out of these programs and no one is stopping them. By the time they grow up, no one remembers these programs even exist, and any observer will ignore the one convoy of kids in favor of the stream of kids that go to school independently.
"Japan is considered safe, a country where kids are allowed from a very early age to be independent." Being alone is not the same as being independent; one is tempted to say that the last thing any Japanese child can be accused of is independence. As I recall, Doi Takeo never wrote a book called "The Anatomy of Independence"...
Being alone is not the same as being independent
When you are alone, you seem to have little choice. Sure, your judgments may be better or worse, you may take a lot of action or choose inaction, but how can you NOT be independent when you are alone?
Couple dreams of revitalizing Fukushima with Jersey milk
Osaka mayor wants to legally control when kids can and can't use smartphones in their own home
Jan. 20	04:01 pm JST	 Jan. 20 | 04:04 pm JST


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The GFEI provides a number of tools to help understanding the importance of improved vehicle fuel economy, to support the assessment of newly registered vehicles and to develop region specific policies, aiming at reaching the GFEI target.
The online 'Toolkit' platform provided by UNEP aims at gathering best practise in fuel economy. It offers a great variety of information, including a global overview of the state of the art of fuel economy policies, detailed explanations around useful policy instruments, a guideline showcasing the necessary steps to set-up a fuel economy baseline as well as a compendium of case studies, highlighting successful fuel economy policy development and implementation projects around the world. The GFEI toolkit was showcased at the Paris GFEI Global Training week and is currently being used for ongoing in-country work in Jamaica, Costa Rica, Montenegro, FYR Macedonia, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
Transportpolicy.net
This comprehensive website (http://transportpolicy.net) powered by ICCT and DieselNet provides a unique overview of global, transport related energy use and emission regulation.
In addition to fuel economy and CO2 emission policies, the state of the art of global pollutant emission regulation is in the focus. Furthermore, policy developments beyond the light duty vehicle segment are presented – the website equally includes latest developments in heavy duty, rail, marine and aviation energy and environmental regulation.
FEPIT
Recently developed by the International Energy Agency, the Fuel Economy Policies Impact Tool (FEPIT) is designed to assess the impact of fuel economy policies on future new vehicle fuel economy.
Measures included in the tool comprise fuel economy standards, but also vehicle and fuel taxation schemes. Based on historic information such as fuel economy by vehicle segment, current vehicle and fuel taxation, as well as basic economic indicators, future average new vehicle fuel economy values are estimated using a set of elasticities, which link policy characteristics with changes in the output variables.
The tool is available for download from the IEA website, together with user instructions and a methodology note.
Guidelines for fuel economy baseline setting
Figure 7 from the State of the World Report 2016
Analysing the current, national average fuel economy of newly registered vehicles is a prerequisite for successful fuel economy policy development. This process called "baseline-setting" permits to classify the region-specific new vehicle fuel economy with respect to the world average, best and worst practise, as well as the GFEI target.
The step by step guide, which forms part of the Autotool, provides methodological support, hints at freely available data for model specific new vehicle fuel economy, and illustrates the most common problems and its solutions when building a fuel economy baseline from national vehicle registration data.
GFEI has supported the development of baseline analysis of vehicle fleets in 17 developing countries. Due to differences in vehicle registration systems and monitoring, there are considerable differences in the data available between countries. For example, the Cote D'Ivoire baseline analysis was based only on the 9 top selling cars, whereas in the Philippines the analysis was only carried out for the year 2013. Nevertheless, Figure 7 shows the range of different fuel economy performance in between countries, and gives an indication of relative performance and trends. Similar to big, developed vehicle markets, the national average fuel economies of new light duty vehicles show large differences. These differences can generally be linked to:
The share of used imported vehicles
The absence or presence of light duty vehicle production capacity within the country
The average price of fuels
The level of taxation of light duty vehicles


I love to read. I adore the escape and the words as they echo in my head. Hardcover, paperback, or Kindle - the format does not matter.
I have read seven books this year. Last year, I read thirty-nine. I'm not sure what happened this year, but I just can't seem to sit down and just read. This does not mean that I have not been collecting books. I have a ridiculously long list of books to read and two have not even come out, yet. I'm hoping this fall and winter I'll be able to get caught up.
Mindy Kaling is inspiring for so many reasons. She is gorgeous and unconventional; she is not the typical celebrity plus she is so very funny. Of course, I want to read her book.
This was a Kindle First and I have read several chapters but just can't seem to finish it. It is interesting and a little spooky, but I just can't sit still long enough to read it.
As war rages in 1944, young army lieutenant Lucas Athan recovers a sarcophagus excavated from an Egyptian tomb. Shipped to Princeton University for study, the box contains mysteries that only Lucas, aided by brilliant archeologist Simone Rashid, can unlock.
Disenchanted looks deliciously clever and could be a fun read.
Robert Kroese's Disenchanted comes fully loaded with the wit and charm of The Princess Bride and a sense of humor all its own. This clever take on the traditional fantasy includes footnotes that keep the narrator honest, a cast of characters that resembles something out of the Island of Misfit Toys, and a fantastic setting filled with words and names that test pronunciation skills.
An uneducated Irish woman who has a lifelong affair with a rich man in the 18th century - what's not to love?
Very little is known about Lizzie Burns, the illiterate Irishwoman and longtime lover of Frederick Engels, coauthor of The Communist Manifesto. In Gavin McCrea's first novel, the unsung Lizzie is finally given a voice that won't be forgotten.
Marriage fascinates me. How do you keep it together for so long? Honesty, lying, laughter, or maybe all three? Fates and Furies just appears to be a really interesting look at a marriage over twenty-four years.
Fates and Furies is a literary masterpiece that defies expectation. A dazzling examination of a marriage, it is also a portrait of creative partnership - every story has two sides. Every relationship has two perspectives. And sometimes, it turns out, the key to a great marriage is not its truths but its secrets. At the core of this rich, expansive, layered novel, Lauren Groff presents the story of one such marriage over the course of twenty-four years.
Jenny Lawson is The Bloggess, her blog is funny and I can relate to her so well, especially when it comes to her struggle with anxiety because it is my struggle, too.
Jenny Lawson explores her lifelong battle with mental illness. A hysterical, ridiculous book about crippling depression and anxiety? That sounds like a terrible idea.
This is from this month's Kindle Firsts and looks like an easy book to get lost in and do it all over again when the next book comes out.
After her parents died in a car accident when she was just a child, Evelyn Lakewood was left alone in the world. Now grown up, she enrolls at Oxford University, where she begins to create a new, stable life. What she finds will startle her beyond measure: an ancient legacy of magic, a centuries-old secret society, and a foreboding legend with her and Jared at its center. As she follows a cryptic trail, Evelyn will discover clues to her own painful past, answers she hadn't even been looking for—and a passionate love she cannot resist despite the dangers it brings.
Two words - Nicholas Sparks. Of course, I want to read this.
Colin Hancock is giving his second chance his best shot. With a history of violence and bad decisions behind him and the threat of prison dogging his every step, he's determined to walk a straight line. Maria Sanchez, the hardworking daughter of Mexican immigrants, is the picture of conventional success. As a series of threatening incidents wreaks chaos in Maria's life, Maria and Colin will be tested in increasingly terrifying ways.
I adore the blog and excited for the book.
What are you reading? Or not?


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1st Bn Royal Fusiliers and Royal Regiment of Fusiliers (London) Branch of the Fusiliers Association
White Hackle
Bryan Webster
Pater Harris
NCO's
RF History
MajGen Webster
Past Obituaries
Italy Tour
Tours Past
Members we have lost in recent months
Major General (Retd) Bryan Webster CB, CBE
General Bryan died overnight 9th/10th December.
General Bryan was commissioned into the Royal Fusiliers in 1951 and served in Germany, Egypt, Gibraltar, Hong Kong and as a platoon commander in 1RF during the Korean War (1953). He commanded the 1st Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers between 1971 and 73 and 8 Infantry Brigade in Northern Ireland from 1975 to 77. Subsequent staff posts included Director of Administrative Planning 1980-82 and Director Military Quartering 1982-86.
He retired from the Army in 1986.
More detailed obituary here
MEMORIAL SERVICE - MAJOR GENERAL (RETD) B WEBSTER CB CBE
By kind permission of the Commandant of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the memorial service for Major General Bryan Webster CB CBE will be held on Friday 28th February 2020 beginning at 2.00pm at the Memorial Chapel Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.
Following the service there will be a reception in Government House.
Those wishing to attend should inform RHQ by 18th February to the following email address:
chiefclerk@thefusiliers.org
Please include the names of those wishing to attend and car details (make, model VRN and colour), if driving.
Entry to the Academy is strictly controlled and those wishing to attend must be on the RHQ list and you will require photo ID. An administration instruction will follow with further details post 18th February.
Mr Raymond "Mick" Kemp passed away on 8 August and that his funeral will be held on 5 September. We will publish more details as soon as we get it.
Mr Mike Sterling who we last saw at the reunion just before Christmas last year passed away on 22 April 2019. His funeral was held at St Deny's Church, Rotherfield on 16 May and was attended by a couple of former Royal Fusiliers friends.
He served as a NS Fusilier 1957-59 in the Trucial Oman States and in Malta.
Mr Alex Tutton of Eastbourne passed away on 16 July aged 86.His funeral was at Eastbourne Crem on 7 August at 12pm.
He served in the RF in Korea and Suez.
Mr Bob Foskett passed away on 10 June 2019 following a short illness and a fall. He was an in-patient at Lister Hospital, Stevenage and for those who knew him had not been well for some time.
His funeral service was held on Monday 1 July 2019 at 1200pm at St Cuthbert's Church, Hoddesdon, with a burial afterwards Ware Road Cemetery.
Capt. John Davis
16 Grebe Close, Mudeford, Christchurch, Dorset BH23 4BY
Email: jonpudavis@googlemail.com
Colonel M J Dudding OBE TD DL
Lieutenant Colonel K W Kiddie
36 Maryfield Close, Bexley,
Kent DA5 2HY
The White Hackle editor
Rob Crowley
2 Keswick Road,
West Wickham, Kent BR4 9AT
rob@crowleydesign.co.uk


Part of the fun of technology is knowing when and how it began and how it developed over time. Here is a brief summary of the history of paper.
When we talk about the process of making paper it is important to know exactly what "paper" is. For this reason we need to establish a definition of paper.
"To be classed as true paper the thin sheets must be made from fibre that has been macerated until each individual filament is a separate unit; the fibres intermixed with water, and by the use of a sieve-like screen, the fibres lifted from the water in the form of a thin stratum, the water draining through the small openings of the screen, leaving a sheet of matted fibre upon the screen's surface. This thin layer of intertwined fibre is paper."
From here we can establish a timeline for the history of paper- making and printing, including associated historic events. This may seem like a long history, but considering wasps have been making paper since before the dinosaurs, this is just a brief history.
c. 200 BCE Rosetta Stone engraved in Egypt; Parchment manufacture refined in Pergamon.(Asia Minor); use of gears leads to invention of ox-driven water wheel for irrigation.
c. 150 BCE Chinese make oldest known paper from macerated hemp fibers, plant bark, and old fishnets in a water suspension.
149 Hu Shin produces Chinese dictionary of 10,000 characters.
79 Mt. Vesuvius erupts: Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae destroyed.
105 CE Ts'ai Lun, in China, writes the first record of papermaking. The art is practiced in Tun Huang in 150, in Loulan by 200 and in Niya about 250-300.
250 Diophantus of Alexandria produces the first book on algebra.
c. 271 First form of compass used in China.
400 First records of Japanese history.
425 Founding of Constantinople University.
500 Mayans already using amatl (bark paper) by this time.
c. 500 Incense introduced into Christian church service.


For Aadhar Based Bio-metric Authentication kindly visit Delhi Nursing Council on every THURSDAY between 10.00 am to 4.00 pm (Except Holidays).
Inviting Nominations for National Florence Nightingale Nurses Award for the year 2019.
The Delhi Nursing Council developed after sustained efforts were put in by a group of nursing professionals in the year 1995 and who worked as a committee in close conduct with the Health Minister of Delhi. In the year 1997, bill got passed and in the year 2001, Delhi Nursing Council Act, 1997, Act No. 3 of 1999 along with rules, was notified on June 11, 2001.
In August, 2001 the constitution of Delhi Nursing Council was published and May 17, 2002. The Health Minister of Govt. NCT Delhi inaugurated the council.
To serve as an agency to develop nursing staffing norms, recruitment policy, pay & remuneration and any other nursing related policies.
All schools/colleges of nursing to visit INC website regularly for latest updates and circulars.


text:
Q: Memory-efficient DataFrame.stack() If I memray the following code, df.stack() allocates 22MB, when the df is only 5MB.
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

columns = list('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz')
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,100,size=(1000, 26*26)), columns=pd.MultiIndex.from_product([columns, columns]))
print(df.memory_usage().sum()) # 5408128, ~5MB
df.stack() # reshape: (1000,26*26) -> (1000*26,26)

Why DataFrame.stack() consumes so much memory? It allocates 30% on dropna and remaining 70% re-allocating the underlying array 3 times to reshape. Shall I move to native numpy.reshape or is there anything I can do to make it slimmer?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


September 28, 2018 (GENEVA) – The UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) Friday renewed the mandate of the independent expert saying it would terminate when a human rights office in Sudan be operational.
In a resolution released on Friday, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in Sudan, Aristide Nononsi, for one year or until the establishment of human rights office in Sudan.
" (The Council) Decides that the termination of the mandate of the Independent Expert will take effect on the day that a country office of the Office of the High Commissioner, (...), is declared operational by the Office of the High Commissioner and the Government of Sudan," reads the resolution.
Sudan sought to terminate the terminate the mandate of the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights saying the human rights situation has improved in the country.
But the resolution took note of the observations made by the independent expert in his latest report about the continued harassment, arbitrary arrest and prolonged detention, including of students, journalists, human rights defenders and members of civil society organizations.
Also, Nononsi pointed to the increased number of seizures and censorship of newspapers, as well as other restrictions on the rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly.
The Sudanese government efforts to end the mandate of the independent expert was supported by the African, Arab and Asian groups.
He also said that his mandate will terminate when Sudan and UNHCR reach an agreement over the human rights office in Sudan.
The resolution praised the Sudanese government efforts to achieve peace and its humanitarian policies. Also, it appreciated the continued efforts of the Sudanese government to implement the universal periodic review recommendations. Furthermore, it welcomed Khartoum's efforts to investigate alleged human rights abuses and violations by all parties.
The opposition Sudan Call said dissatisfied with the resolution it believes that the situation of human rights in Sudan requires the reappointment of Special Rapporteur to monitor the human rights situation.
However, Yasir Arman the Sudan Call external relations official said the government has failed to achieve its goal and terminate the mandate of the Independent Expert.
In statements to Sudan Tribune Arman said that the resolution represents a "clear failure" of the Sudanese government, which sought to terminate the mandate of the independent expert and to end any monitoring of the human rights violations in Sudan.
"The government has failed to meet its primary goals thanks to the long and strong struggle waged by the opposition groups, particularly the Sudan Call," he said.
"Now it is not only the renewal of the mandate of the independent expert, but also a country human rights office under the High Commissioner directly ," he stressed.
He added that by monitoring the situation on the ground the country office would play a significant role in the human rights situation.


text:
Rosstandart
Federal Agency on Technical Regulating and Metrology
Major Staff
Territorial Bodies
Subordinate Organizations
Technical Regulating
Conformity assesment
Information Support
Ordering standards
Acting Technical Regulations of the Customs Union
Eurasian Customs Union and EEC
Euroasian Interstate council (EASC)
Memorandums and Agreements
COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF METROLOGY AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT WITH THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
MOSCOW, November 1, 2021 – Two Meetings of sectoral working subgroups
of the Permanent Russian-Chinese Working Group on standardization, metrology, conformity assessment and inspection control were held via videoconference:
The co-chairs of the Working Subgroup on metrological assurance of measuring units of energy resources are Zakhar Osoka, Deputy Head of the Department of Metrology, State Supervision and Control of Rosstandart, and Zhang Yiqun, Chief Inspector
of the SAMR Department of Metrology. During the meeting, Parties presented reports on the prospects of improving metrological support in the field of moisture measurement of oil and petroleum products, presented the results of bomb calorimeters on coal samples comparisons, exchanged information on the current state of preparation for comparisons of VNIIM and NIM for measuring sulfur content in petroleum products, international comparisons of the state primary standard of the unit volume of liquid, temperature dependence of viscosity, standard reference data.
"Metrology Institutes continue preparations for comparisons of standards
of volume and flow of liquid between Russia and China, continue to exchange information in the field of creating standard samples of natural gas and quality control of liquefied natural gas. Our experts on the permanent basis carry out various cooperation activities with Chinese partners, which allows us to see practical results of joint work. Holding of related meetings has a positive effect on our bilateral cooperation and allows us to increase our interaction," said Zakhar Osoka.
Following the meeting, Russian and Chinese sides agreed to conduct comparisons of national standards of water consumption of Russia and China in 2022. In addition, Chinese side expressed interest in the Russian experience of maintaining
and developing the State Service of Standard Reference Data, the scientific
and methodological support of which is carried out by the State Scientific Metrological Centre of FSUE "VNIIMS". Moreover, the principle of using Raman spectroscopy presented by PJSC "Gazpromneft" in the gas analysis, oil and petroleum products
on the stream - also kindled interest of the counterparts.
On that week was also held a meeting of the Working Subgroup on conformity assessment of automobiles, co-chaired by Alexander Kuzmin, Head of the Department
of Metrology, State Supervision and Control of Rosstandart and Bo Yumin, Deputy Director of the SAMR Certification Department. Parties raised and covered issues
of the comparative analysis of regulatory legal acts of conformity assessment procedures for automotive products in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. Discussed inspections that were carries out in relation to Russian representative offices of Chinese automobile plants.
Both Russian and Chinese sides paid attention to the topics of control system and supervisory activities for unmanned vehicles, electric vehicles, and regulatory requirements for unmanned vehicles and electric vehicles in Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China.
The parties confirmed their intention to continue the work of the Working Subgroup, which is a link between the control and supervisory authorities, manufacturers
of automotive products and conformity assessment bodies. This work has a positive impact to the quality of products supplied to the markets of the both countries.
RUSSIA AND CHINA HAVE DEVELOPED THE FIRST JOINT STANDARD
THE RESULTS OF RUSSIAN-CHINESE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF STANDARDIZA...
THE HEAD OF ROSSTANDART TOOK PART IN THE MEETING OF THE INTERGOVERNMEN...
21st session of the Intergovernmental Commission for Economic, Scienti...
THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY WAS INCLUDE...
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building 2 (IQ-block),
phone: (495) 547-51-51 Fax: (495)547-51-60