text:
Roger Federer's Move from Nike to Uniqlo Is a Seismic Shift in Tennis Style
LeBron isn't the only one making waves in the sports world.
By Christine Flammia
Roger Federer is a Uniqlo guy now. As one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Federer has had his fair share of brand opportunities. In fact, he's been a Nike player for more than 20 years. But Federer is now Uniqlo's global brand ambassador, which means he'll be wearing the company's gear for all of this year's tournaments—starting, of course, with Wimbledon.
SHOP UNIQLO
"Mr. Federer is one of the greatest champions in history; my respect for him goes beyond sport," says Uniqlo founder and chairman Tadashi Yanai. "Our partnership will be about innovation on and off court." There's a decent amount of speculation around specifics of the partnership. Mainly, people are wondering how many millions of dollars accompanied his departure from Nike. One thing's for sure though: This is big.
Seeing Federer step out onto the court in a full white Uniqlo 'fit is a surprise move from both the player and the brand. First, there's the refreshing look of the outfit itself—and not just because of the Wimbledon-required all-white colorway. The outfit was designed at Uniqlo's R&D Center in Paris, which is headed by artistic director Christophe Lemaire. And Lemaire, who also heads up an eponymous label as well as the Uniqlo U brand, is the perfect person for this kind of job. His attention to detail—a stand-up collar for Federer rather than a polo; burgundy making subtle but strategic appearances on the clothes—complements Federer's equally clean, sophisticated playing style.
And then there's the simple but all-important issue that Uniqlo itself addressed in announcing this partnership: In the brand's own words, "Uniqlo is not a sports company." Considering Federer is coming from the biggest sportswear brand in the world, this new partnership doesn't just represent a shift in stylistic preferences, but in the way the tennis star approaches his career and image. It'll be interesting to keep tabs on what happens next. Our hopes are high.
Christine Flammia Christine Flammia writes about style, grooming, and more; she is the former associate style editor of Esquire and is currently pursuing a PhD in communications at Columbia.
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text:
For 2016, House Speaker Paul Ryan Sets Sights On Crafting A GOP Campaign Vision
Lisa Mascaro
By Lisa Mascaro, Tribune Washington Bureau (TNS)
WASHINGTON — He has a new job, speaker of the House, but Rep. Paul D. Ryan has stuck with a longtime routine, sequestering himself on a hunting stand in Wisconsin, picking off deer that he will turn into jerky, brats and links to sustain him through the year.
Making sausage, literally, is a hobby of the new speaker — he grows an annual beard for deer hunting season — but it's one he'll have less time for as of Monday, when he gavels a new session of Congress to order in an election year.
As his party struggles to coalesce around a presidential nominee, Ryan plans to use his majority on Capitol Hill as an incubator for Republican ideas on the campaign trail.
"My goal is to help unify the conservative movement so we can unify the Republican Party so we can give the country a really clear choice," Ryan told reporters recently at his office in the Capitol.
"The members, together, are going to come together and assemble an agenda that we present to the country," he said. "We owe people the right to decide if they want to stay on this path or not … . That's our obligation.
"We can't wait around until July when we have a convention" and pick a presidential nominee, he added. "We've got to get going now."
Moving quickly would allow Ryan to try to define the GOP along his preferred lines — the "confident America" agenda he has talked about in recent speeches. That would enhance his influence as a leader who is already quite popular in his party.
It also could give Republican House and Senate candidates something to hold onto if the presidential nomination goes to a candidate unpopular with general-election voters. Many Republican officials worry that a Donald Trump candidacy, for example, could prove disastrous to the party's candidates in close Senate elections.
Ryan has long been the party's big thinker, rather than its heavy-lifter — he has proposed many big plans over the years, but not passed much substantive legislation until recently. With few must-pass bills pending in 2016, he and Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky have a wide-open canvas on which to sketch the party's agenda without having to worry too much about actually turning bills into laws.
Republican senators and representatives will meet jointly for a mid-January retreat to begin setting priorities — repeal Obamacare, lower taxes, cut spending — not as bills that President Barack Obama would sign into law, but as measures that set out a clear contrast with Democratic proposals.
But the day-to-day output from Congress may not be as inspiring to voters as the lofty pronouncements Ryan has been making: "We need to raise our gaze," he said in a recent speech.
One area of common ground between the Republican Congress and Obama could be criminal justice reforms, but no votes have been scheduled.
The top 2016 goal of both Ryan and McConnell is to return Congress to "regular order" — the step-by-step process of passing bills through the congressional committees and then each chamber.
First up, the House is set to vote Wednesday to repeal Obamacare and defund Planned Parenthood, sending the measure to Obama's desk, where a swift veto has been promised. Congress does not have the votes to override the veto, and so the bill is not expected to become law.
The Senate will consider legislation to ban Syrian refugees from resettling in the United States, following an earlier bill approved by the House. But Obama is likely to veto that, too.
Those votes may be merely symbolic, but going through the motions matters to conservative activists who have accused GOP leaders of caving in during past fights rather than seeing them through to a conclusion.
For much of the remainder of the year, the Republican leaders plan to devote floor time to dispatching with the spending bills needed to fund the government.
Their hope is that since Congress already has agreed with the White House on an overall budget blueprint for this year and next, they can avoid a year-end scramble and the threat of another government shutdown — showing voters that under GOP control, government can function.
"Some thought the Senate could never be cured of its dysfunction and its gridlock," McConnell said recently. "But the new majority you elected didn't agree. We believed the Senate could be restored to a place of high purpose again, and we've made great strides over the past year proving that it can."
That's the kind of message that resonates in Washington and among conservative activists, but may prove a tougher sell among voters. Americans give Congress dismal approval ratings, barely breaking into double-digits.
Without a hefty legislative agenda ahead, Ryan, who was the midseason replacement after former Speaker John A. Boehner called it quits, can focus on forming the party's vision for the next president. And that means he may end up doing more sausage making at home this year than on Capitol Hill.
(c)2016 Tribune Co. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.
U.S. Speaker of the House Paul Ryan (R-WI) holds a news conference on Capitol Hill in Washington December 17, 2015. REUTERS/Gary Cameron

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Living as an emissary of divine love, I am a peacemaker in my world.
Throughout my day, I may experience or see those affected by pain, anger, or grief. These emotional states may lead to expressions of disharmony and conflict at home and in the world. My heart responds with compassion seeking to bring peace. I begin by affirming we are not separate, but one in the spirit of God. There is no place where the spirit of God is not because all is God.
There is a light that surrounds us in all circumstances and a love that overcomes all fear. With awareness of this truth, I view the world through the eyes of divine love. With my ears, I listen to voices that long to be heard. With my voice, I offer prayers of love and comfort. With my feet, I take steps toward helping others in times of need. I am a peacemaker in my world.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}

\input{Revised-intro}

\section{FTL motion without time travel}
\label{sec:ftl-travel-without-time-travel}

We begin by working in (1+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. We enrich this spacetime with a large number of FTL observers (each non-light-like line will be a worldline) in such a way that time travel is still not possible. Then we extend this model to ($n$+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, for all $n \geq 1$.

\subsection{The (1+1)-dimensional case}
\label{sec:1+1}

We focus initially on (1+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, \MATH{\REAL^1_1}, where for the sake of argument we will assume \emph{a priori} that it is possible for observers with reference frames attached to them to move FTL relative to one another. We can make this assumption since it is both well-known and indeed easy to prove that FTL motion of observers is compatible with special relativity in \MATH{\REAL^1_1}, because there is no real geometric (and hence no physically relevant) distinction between the `inside' and `outside' of a lightcone in this setting. For a formal construction, see, e.g.,~ \cite[\S~2.7]{AMN02}.

As usual, we will think of \MATH{\REAL^1_1} in terms of a spacetime diagram (coordinatized initially by the reference frame of some inertial observer, $o$, whose identity need not concern us), and note that any lightcone divides \MATH{\REAL^1_1} into 4 quadrants, which we will refer to informally in the obvious way using the terms \MATHIT{left}, \MATHIT{right}, \MATHIT{top} and \MATHIT{bottom}. Since we want to compare how different observers experience the direction of time's arrow, we identify observers in terms of their worldlines. Technically, we regard each worldline as a smooth path in \MATH{\REAL^1_1} (i.e.~ a smooth function $w \colon \MATHBB{R} \to \MATH{\REAL^1_1}$ parametrized by arc length) swept out (as observed by $o$) by the associated observer as it moves continuously into (what it considers to be) its unfolding future.

We now impose the usual inertial approximation condition, where an inertial observer in \MATH{\REAL^1_1} is one whose worldline is a straight line that is not tangential to a lightcone -- inertial observers neither accelerate, nor travel at light speed (though they might travel FTL). The following is an informal version of the corresponding formal axiom in \cite{MNS06}:
\begin{itemize}
\item
  \AXIOM{AxCoMoving} \\
  At each event along an observer's worldline, there exists precisely one co-moving inertial observer.
\end{itemize}
Consequently, not only does the slope of $w$'s tangent vary continuously as we move along $w$ (because $w$ is assumed to be smooth), but $w$ is never tangential to a lightcone. This also implies that no worldline can accelerate from below the speed of light to above the speed of light.

Suppose, then, that $e$ is an event on some worldline $w$. Since $w$'s tangent at $e$ is a straight line which is not tangential to the lightcone at $e$, it must either lie in the region \MATHIT{vertical} = $\MATHIT{top} \cup \{e\} \cup \MATHIT{bottom}$ or else in the region \MATHIT{horizontal} = $\MATHIT{left} \cup \{e\} \cup \MATHIT{right}$. Supposing for the sake of argument that the tangent at $e$ lies in \MATHIT{vertical}, it will also lie in \MATHIT{vertical} at every other point along $w$, since otherwise -- by application of the Intermediate Value Theorem to the tangent's slope -- there would necessarily exist some event on $w$ where the motion is light-like. Having established that the tangent lies in \MATHIT{vertical}, the same reasoning then allows us to identify uniquely whether $w$ (viewed as an evolving trajectory) unfolds into \MATHIT{top} or \MATHIT{bottom}, and once again the smoothness of motion ensures that this determination will be the same at all events along $w$.

It is therefore meaningful to identify one of the quadrants \MATHIT{left}, \MATHIT{right}, \MATHIT{top} or \MATHIT{bottom} as $w$'s \emph{future quadrant}, viz. the quadrant into which the $w$'s unfolding trajectory takes it at every event along its worldline. When we say that `time flows in the same direction'  for two observers, we mean simply that they have the same future quadrant. We call two observers \emph{slower than light} (STL) relative to each other if they are both in \MATHIT{vertical} or in \MATHIT{horizontal} as defined above. They are called FTL otherwise. We say that time flows in the opposite direction for two observers if these two observers are STL relative to each other and time does not flow in the same direction for them. We note that these notions are all Lorentz-invariant (or, in other words, observer-independent) in the sense that if two observers are, e.g.,~ STL relative to each other, then they remain so after any Lorentz transformation.

We also make the following assumption, which follows from a natural generalization of axiom \AXIOM{Ax5^+} from \cite[p.~297]{AMN02}:
\begin{itemize}
\item \AXIOM{AxSTLMotion}\\
For any observer $o_1$ and worldline $w$ which is STL with respect to $o_1$, there is an observer $o_2$ whose time flows in the same direction as $o_1$'s, and whose worldine and $w$ have the same range.
\end{itemize}
This axiom allows us to demonstrate formally that if two observers moving STL with respect to one another see time moving in opposite directions, we can trivially generate a time travel situation  (see figure \ref{fig-tt}, right hand side).

Suppose, then, that $o_1$ and $o_2$ are observers moving STL relative to $o$, and that the future quadrant of $o_1$ is \MATHIT{top} (say). If $o_2$ moves STL relative to $o_1$, its own future quadrant will necessarily be either \MATHIT{top} or \MATHIT{bottom}, depending on the direction in which it considers time to flow. Of course, if $o_2$'s future quadrant is \MATHIT{bottom} (i.e.~ time for $o_2$ `flows backwards' as far as $o_1$ is concerned), we can trivially construct a time travel scenario by \AXIOM{AxSTLMotion}. Consequently, since we are interested in whether FTL motion entails the possibility of time travel in an otherwise well-behaved setting, we will assume that the future quadrant for $o_2$ is also \MATHIT{top}. Analogous arguments apply for other choices of $o_1$'s future quadrant, so we will make the blanket assumption:
\begin{itemize}
\item
  \AXIOM{AxSameFuture}\\
  Whenever two observers travel slower than light relative to one another, they agree as to the direction of time's flow (they have the same future quadrant).
\end{itemize}

A simple argument now shows that FTL observers (with respect to $o$) also agree with one another as to the direction of time's arrow. For suppose that observers $o_1$ and $o_2$ are both traveling FTL relative to $o$. As before, we can assume that $o$'s future quadrant is \MATHIT{top}, and since $o_1$ and $o_2$ are moving FTL relative to $o$, their own future quadrants must be either \MATHIT{left} or \MATHIT{right}. They are therefore moving slower than light relative to one another, and \AXIOM{AxSameFuture} applies.

Since the direction in which time flows is fixed along any given worldline, any manifestation of time travel or its associated causality violations must involve interactions between two or more observers. So we say that \emph{time  travel is possible} (Figure \ref{fig-tt}) to mean there is a sequence $o_1, o_2, \dots, o_n$ of (at least 2 distinct) observers, and a sequence $e_0, e_1, \dots, e_n$ of events, such that for each $1\le i\le n$,
\begin{itemize}
\item
   $o_1 \neq o_n$;
\item
   $e_0 = e_n$;
\item
   $e_{i-1}$ and $e_i$ are both events on $o_i$'s worldline;
\item
   $e_{i-1}$ chronologically precedes $e_i$ according to $o_i$.
\end{itemize}
We say that time travel can be \textit{implemented using FTL observers} if not all of the observers occurring in $o_1,\dots,o_n$ move STL relative to one another.
\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics*{figure2.eps}
  \caption{A general time travel scenario (left), and the particular case involving just two observers (right).}
  \label{fig-tt}
\end{figure}

We can now state and prove our first theorem. The fact that its conditions do not make Theorem~\ref{thm:main} vacuously true is explained in Remark 1 below.

\goodbreak
\begin{theorem}\label{thm:main}
Assume \AXIOM{AxCoMoving}. Then in \MATH{\REAL^1_1},
\begin{itemize}
\item[(a)]
  \label{item-nott}
  \AXIOM{AxSameFuture} implies that time travel is impossible; and hence,
\item[(b)]
  \label{item-nocv}
  if \AXIOM{AxSTLMotion} holds, time travel can be implemented using FTL observers only if it is already possible without them.
\end{itemize}
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
(a) By \AXIOM{AxSameFuture}, we may assume, without loss of generality, that the future quadrant of STL observers is \MATHIT{top}, and that of FTL observers is \MATHIT{right}. (Here,  STL and FTL are understood relative to our fixed observer $o$.) Suppose observers $o_1,\ldots, o_n$ and events $e_0, \dots, e_n$ can be chosen which implement a time travel situation (we will show that this assumption contradicts \AXIOM{AxSameFuture}). Let $o_i$ be any of the observers ($1\le i\le n$), and consider the lightcone at the event $e_{i-1}$ on $o_i$'s worldline. This cone comprises two lines, one going `up to the right' (from \MATHIT{bottom}-\MATHIT{left} to \MATHIT{top}-\MATHIT{right}), the other going up to the left. We will call the latter the ``main axis'' at $e_{i-1}$ (see figure \ref{fig-proof} for the main axis at $e_0$). We will write $d_i$ to mean the perpendicular (Euclidean) distance from $e_i$ to this main axis, assigning it a positive sign if $e_i$ is above the main axis and a negative sign if it is below. Notice that all main axes are parallel, and that distance is additive (if $a$, $b$ and $c$ are events, the distance from $c$ to $a$'s main axis can be calculated by summing $b$'s distance from $a$'s axis with $c$'s distance from $b$'s axis).
\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics*{figure3.eps}
  \caption{An observer's motion always acts to increase the perpendicular Euclidean distance from the main axis, regardless of whether it is FTL or STL (illustration for the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:main}).}
  \label{fig-proof}
\end{figure}

By assumption, the future quadrant of $o_i$ at $e_{i-1}$ is either \MATHIT{top} or \MATHIT{right}, from which it follows that $e_i$ must lie in the interior of one of these two quadrants. Both of these quadrants are bounded below/to the left by the main axis, so in each case we will have $d_i > 0$. It follows from the additivity of distances that the perpendicular distance from $e_n$ to $e_0$'s axis is equal to $d_1 + \dots + d_n$, which (being a sum of positive terms) is again positive. But this contradicts the requirement that $e_0 = e_n$ in a time travel scenario. Hence time travel is impossible if \AXIOM{AxSameFuture} and \AXIOM{AxCoMoving} are assumed at the same time, as claimed.

(b) If time travel is possible, then (a) tells us that \AXIOM{AxSameFuture} must be violated, so there must be two observers traveling slower than light relative to one another who disagree on the direction of time's flow. However, if time flows in different directions for two observers, then time travel is already trivially possible by \AXIOM{AxSTLMotion}.
\end{proof}
\bigskip

In the following discussions, by a \emph{model}, we understand \MATH{\REAL^1_1}\ together with some distinguished set of worldlines. By an automorphism $P$ of this model, we understand a permutation of \MATH{\REAL^1_1} that preserves the absolute value of Minkowski metric as well as distinguished worldlines (i.e.~ $w$ is distinguished if and only if $P\circ w$ is distinguished). We say that Einstein's \emph{Special Principle of Relativity} (\AXIOM{SPR}) is satisfied in a model if any inertial observer in this model can be taken to any other by an automorphism (recall that an inertial observer is one with a straight non-light-like worldline).
\bigskip

\noindent {\bf Remark 1.} We can construct a model in which both \AXIOM{AxSameFuture} and \AXIOM{AxCoMoving} are true, in which Einstein's \emph{Special Principle of Relativity} (\AXIOM{SPR}) is satisfied, and in which all kinds of STL as well as FTL relative motion are possible. In this model, there is no time travel by Theorem~\ref{thm:main}.

Briefly, this model is as follows. Take the (1+1)-dimensional spacetime for special relativity with all kinds of directed worldlines, timelike as well as spacelike, inertial as well as non-inertial. Of these, keep only those worldlines that respect the (absolute value of the) Minkowski metric of \MATH{\REAL^1_1}. This way \AXIOM{AxCoMoving} is satisfied in the resulting model. Take any coordinate system (for \MATH{\REAL^1_1}), and of these observers, keep only those timelike ones whose future quadrant is \MATHIT{top}, of the spacelike observers keep only those whose future quadrant is \MATHIT{right}. This way \AXIOM{AxSameFuture} is satisfied, too.
This model satisfies \AXIOM{SPR} because of the following. Any two spacelike or timelike inertial observers can be taken to each other by a Poincar\'e transformation $P$, and any timelike observer can be taken to a spacelike one by a Poincar\'e transformation composed with the transformation $T$ which just interchanges the first coordinate with the second one in our fixed coordinate system for \MATH{\REAL^1_1}. It is easy to check that both $P$ and $T$ are automorphisms of our model.

Let us fix an arbitrary inertial observer; what does the world look like in its coordinate system? (By \AXIOM{SPR}, the world looks exactly the same in all other inertial worldviews.) As far as STL observers are concerned, the world is completely normal, it is as we know it from special relativity: moving clocks run slow, etc. But there is also a time-dilation effect for FTL observers: the closer their speed is to the speed of light the slower their clocks run, but the greater their speed is, the faster their clocks run. In addition to this, in one of the two spatial directions (call it $-x$) FTL clocks run backwards.
How can we interpret this phenomenon? If we consider the time orientation of an observer to be the direction in which his own future unfolds, we can say that information can be communicated between events on his worldline only in the direction of this unfolding future (for a discussion of this kind of intuition, see, e.g.,~ \cite{New70}).
Expressing this in spacetime terminology, the ``causal past'' of an event $e_0$ in our model is the region ``below'' its main axis (see the shaded area in Figure \ref{fig-proof}). The unusual thing here is that this causal past does not lie entirely within the observer's temporal past (i.e.~ the half-space below the simultaneity).

Keeping this description in mind, let's see how we can resolve the paradox described by Newton \cite{New70} (see Figure~\ref{ccc}). In the model we constructed above, the ``reading'' of Figure~\ref{ccc} is as follows. At event $B$ observer $o_1$ sends out FTL signal $s_1$. This is received by observer $o_2$ at event $C$, who later at event $D$ receives another signal, $s_2$ from $o_1$. (The only unusual thing is that $o_2$ receives the two signals in reverse time-order
from $o_1$'s point of view.) If $o_2$ wishes to send $o_1$ a reply to $s_1$ at event $D$, this reply has to be an STL
signal. \MATH{\hfill\Box}

\subsection{The general ($n$+1)-dimensional case}
\label{sec:n+1}

We now turn to generalizing our model to the ($n$+1)-dimensional case, for all $n \ge 1$. We will have to make some adjustments because ($n$+1)-dimensional Minkowski spacetime $\MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ is very different from \MATH{\REAL^1_1} when $n > 1$. Here, unlike in $\MATH{\REAL^1_1}$, it makes sense to distinguish between STL and FTL motion in absolute terms, because the interior of a lightcone is geometrically (and hence physically) distinguishable from its outside. Because STL inertial motion is geometrically distinguishable from FTL inertial motion, we cannot attach reference frames to FTL objects in a way that respects \AXIOM{SPR}. (A strictly axiomatic derivation of this fact can be found, e.g.,~ in \cite[Thm.~2.1]{AMNSz12}).
Nonetheless, we will define spacelike smooth functions $w \colon \MATHBB{R} \to \MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ parametrized by their arc lengths to be worldlines of FTL particles (or signals). Thus, particles can ``move FTL'', they have ``clocks'', but they do not have reference frames attached to them. Timelike smooth functions remain worldlines of observers. With this terminology, our previous definitions of time travel, model, etc., remain meaningful in $\MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ for $n > 1$.
In particular, by a \emph{model}, we understand $\MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ together with some distinguished set of worldlines. By an automorphism of a model, we understand a permutation of $\MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ that respects both the Minkowski metric and distinguished worldlines. By an inertial observer, we mean an observer whose worldline is a timelike straight line. We say that a model satisfies Einstein's \AXIOM{SPR} if any inertial observer can be taken to any other by an automorphism. By the \emph{standard model of special relativity}, we understand \MATH{\REAL^n_1} together with all smooth future-directed timelike curves $w \colon \MATHBB{R} \to \MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ parametrized by their arc lengths as worldlines of observers.

\begin{theorem}\label{thm:mainplus}
There is an enrichment of the ($n$+1)-dimensional standard model of special relativity with FTL particles in which
\begin{itemize}
\item
  Einstein's \AXIOM{SPR} is satisfied;
\item
  each spacelike line is the worldline of an FTL particle;
\end{itemize}
\noindent but time travel is impossible.
\end{theorem}

\begin{proof}
For simplicity, we only prove the $n=3$ case because it is straightforward to generalize this proof for arbitrary $n$. Informally, the construction is a generalization of the (1+1)-dimensional one outlined in Remark 1, in which we replace the light-like line $\{ (t,-t) : t\in\MATHBB{R}\}$ (the main axis) with a Robb hyperplane $R$ (namely, the hyperplane Minkowski-orthogonal to this light-like line), and we orient the lines within the Robb hyperplane so that there cannot be any time-travel within it. Then we define the orientation on a line $\ell$ such that ``it goes from below $R$ to above it'' if it is not parallel to $R$, and otherwise we copy the orientation of $R$ to the line $\ell$.
\begin{figure}
  \centering
  \includegraphics*{figure4.eps}
  \caption{The construction in the proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:mainplus} for (2+1)-dimensions.}
  \label{FigureB}
\end{figure}

We write down the construction formally, writing $\mu$ for the ((3+1)-dimensional) Minkowskian scalar product. For fixed vector $u$, the set $\{ v : \mu(u,v)=0\}$ is a hyperplane (just as in the Euclidean case), and $\{ v : \mu(u,v)>0\}$ is an open half-space -- we can think of it as the half of the space ``above'' the hyperplane.

To formalize our construction, let $g$, $h$, $s$ be three mutually orthogonal vectors (i.e.~ $\mu(g,h)=\mu(g,s)=\mu(h,s)=0$) such that $g$ is light-like, and $h$, $s$ are spacelike.  The Robb hyperplane in our construction will be determined by $g$, and we will use $h$, $s$ for giving a `good' orientation in this Robb hyperplane. We define the set $C$ of \emph{positive vectors} as follows: we define $v$ to be positive ($v\in C$) if and only if
\begin{description}
\item[] $\mu(g,v)>0$, \quad or
\item[] $\mu(g,v)=0$ and $\mu(h,v)>0$, \quad or
\item[] $\mu(g,v)=\mu(h,v)=0$ and $\mu(s,v)>0$, \quad or
\item[] $v=\lambda g$ for some $\lambda>0$.
\end{description}
Intuitively, a vector is positive if and only if it (points from the origin to a point that) is above the Robb hyperplane determined by $g$, or it is in the open half of this Robb hyperplane which is above the hyperplane determined by $h$, or it is in the half of the intersection of the Robb hyperplane and the one determined by $h$ which is above the hyperplane determined by $s$, or it lies on the half-line determined by $g$. See Figure~\ref{FigureB}.

We include in our model as worldlines exactly those smooth functions $w \colon \MATHBB{R} \to \MATH{\REAL^3_1}$ whose tangent vectors are positive in the above-defined sense, and which are parametrized by their arc lengths. For example, each spacelike straight line is a worldline, as it is not difficult to see that $C$ together with its central inversion $-C$ cover the whole space except the zero-vector.

To check that \AXIOM{SPR} holds, we have to find an automorphism $P$ for any two timelike lines $\ell$ and $\ell'$ which takes $\ell$ to $\ell'$. Take any point $p$  on $\ell$. Let $x$, $y$ and $z$ be the lines going through $p$, orthogonal to $\ell$, and lying in the planes  $\ell g$, $\ell h$ and $\ell s$ respectively (where we write $\ell v$ for the plane that is parallel to vector $v$ and contains $\ell$ if there is only one such plane, i.e.~ if $\ell$ and $v$ are not parallel); define $x'$, $y'$ and $z'$ analogously to be lines orthogonal to $\ell'$ in the planes $\ell' g$, $\ell' h$ and $\ell' s$. Then the lines $\ell$, $x$, $y$ and $z$ are mutually orthogonal, as are the lines $\ell'$, $x'$, $y'$ and $z'$. Now, let $P$ be the Poincar\'e transformation that takes $\ell$, $x$, $y$, $z$ to  $\ell'$, $x'$, $y'$, $z'$ and respects the orientation determined by $C$ (such a $P$ clearly exists). This $P$ respects the  Minkowski metric since it is a Poincar\'e transformation. It also respects time-orientation because it takes any plane parallel to the plane $gh$ to another such plane (because $gh$, $xy$ and $x'y'$ are all the same plane), and similarly for planes parallel to $gs$.

Now, time travel is not possible in this model for essentially the same reason it is not possible in our (1+1)-dimensional model. For suppose we have a time-travel scenario linking the events $e_0, \dots, e_n$. We will show that if $w$ is any observer/particle, then $w(b) - w(a) \in C$ whenever $a < b$. It will then follow that each $e_{i+1} - e_i$ is in $C$, and hence (because $C$ is closed under vector addition) that $e_n - e_0 = (e_n - e_{n-1}) + (e_{n-1} - e_{n-2}) + \dots + (e_1 - e_0)$ is in $C$. Since $C$ does not contain the zero vector, it follows that $e_n \neq e_0$, contradicting the definition of a time-travel scenario, and the result follows.

It remains to show that $w(b) - w(a) \in C$ whenever $a < b$ and $w$ is one of the worldlines included in our model. We can assume without loss of generality that $a = 0$, and we know that the ``component of $w$ orthogonal to $R$'' is non-decreasing (its derivative is non-negative by positivity of tangent vectors). Consequently, it is enough to prove that for all $v > 0$: if $w(u) \in \MATH{\REAL^n_1}$ whenever $0 < u < v$, then $w(u) \in C$ whenever $0 < u < v$. We will argue by induction on $n$. We have already shown the result to be true in the (1+1)-dimensional case, i.e.~ for $n = 1$, so let us assume that the result is valid in ($k$+1)-dimensional spacetime for some $k \geq 1$, and consider the case $n = k+1$. Choose any $b > 0$. If the component of $w$ orthogonal to $R$ is non-constant on $[0,b]$, then $w(b)$ is obviously in $C$. On the other hand, if this component is constant on $[0,b]$, then $w(t)$ lies entirely in the ($k$+1)-dimensional space $R$ for all $t \in [0,b]$, and the result follows by induction.
\end{proof}
\bigskip

\noindent {\bf Remark 2.} We describe how the world looks in the coordinate system $F_o$ of an arbitrary STL inertial observer $o$ in the (3+1)-dimensional model constructed in the proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:mainplus}. From the point of view of STL motion everything is normal in this world view, i.e.~ everything is as special relativity prescribes. The novelty is that there are particles moving FTL, and they have ``clocks'' inducing a time orientation on their worldlines. Following Newton~\cite{New70}, let us call them signals (objects able to carry information in the direction of their time orientation). Some of these signals are such that their time orientation is opposite to the one of our chosen coordinate system $F_o$. Seen from this reference frame, information flows backwards in these signals. Or, in other words, the clock of this FTL signal runs backward as seen by $F_o$. Newton~\cite{New70} explains how this may be possible, and he even gives clues for how one could detect such a backward information-flow experimentally. Let us call such signals \emph{inverse} signals.

We now describe how FTL signals behave in terms of \emph{space} and \emph{motion}, in our coordinate system $F_o$. We will see that the inverse signals distinguish three pairwise orthogonal directions $x$, $y$, $z$ in space. First, there is a unique spatial direction, call it $-x$, in which there is a maximal effect of backward-flow: in direction $-x$ each FTL signal is an inverse one (this means that all FTL signals on a line parallel to $x$ go in direction $x$). On the other hand, in spatial directions orthogonal to $x$ there is a minimal effect of backward-flow: only an infinitely rapid signal can be an inverse one. What happens in between? In any other direction $u$, there is a threshold FTL speed $v$ such that backward-flow can occur only in one of the directions $u$ and $-u$, and in this direction exactly the signals faster than $v$ are inverse ones. In fact, there is a simple formula for the threshold speed in direction $u$: we may assume that $|u|=1$ and also $|x|=1$, and now the threshold speed in direction $u$ is $-1\slash (u \cdot x)$, where $u \cdot x$ denotes the Euclidean scalar product of $u$ and $x$ and we have taken the speed of light to be 1. Figure~\ref{FigureA} provides an illustration for the threshold velocity in direction $u$.
\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics*{figure5.eps}
  \caption{The threshold velocity in direction $u$.}
  \label{FigureA}
\end{figure}

To complete the description of FTL signals in $F_o$, it only remains to describe the time orientations of infinite-speed clocks in directions orthogonal to $x$.  Let $S$ denote the spatial plane orthogonal to $x$. Lines in $S$ are directed as in our construction: there are two orthogonal vectors in $S$, call them $y$ and $z$, and lines in $S$ are directed to go from one half-plane determined by $y$ to the other, while lines parallel to $z$ are directed to go in direction $z$.

We can summarize this picture as saying that Einstein's simultaneity is an appropriate one for STL motion, while for FTL motion the Robb hyperplane of our construction seems more appropriate as a simultaneity. \MATH{\hfill\Box}

\section{Concluding remarks}
\label{sec:concluding-remarks}

\input{Revised-conclusion}

\section*{Acknowledgement}
This work is supported under the Royal Society International
Exchanges Scheme (reference IE110369) and by the Hungarian
Scientific Research Fund for basic research grants No.~T81188 and
No.~PD84093, as well as by a Bolyai grant for Madar\'asz. This work
was partially completed while Stannett was a visiting fellow at the
Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, under the program
\textit{Semantics \& Syntax: A Legacy of Alan Turing}.
The authors are grateful to the editor and anonymous referees for their care, comments and suggestions.

\bibliographystyle{spmpsci}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


motion picture | Made-for-TV series. Medium length film (30-60 minutes). In segment (21.09.83) Pete Candoli, Mel Tormé. (Personnel On Camera). Inc: Bob Findley, trumpet; Gene Cipriano, woodwinds. (Soundtrack Personnel). Motion Picture (Form).
Curtis Harrington, Philip Leacock, Don Chaffey, Alf Kjellin, Jerome Courtland, Robert Scheerer, Jerry London, Kevin Connor, Kevin Hooks, Gabrielle Beaumont, Vincent Mceveety, Etc, Henry Mancini, Rocky Moriana, and Neil Argo. HOTEL/6 . USA.
Curtis Harrington, P. L., Henry Mancini, Rocky Moriana & Neil Argo. HOTEL/6 . USA.
Curtis Harrington, Philip Leacock, Don Chaffey, Alf Kjellin, Jerome Courtland, Robert Scheerer, Jerry London, Kevin Connor, Kevin Hooks, Gabrielle Beaumont, Vincent Mceveety, Etc, et al. HOTEL/6 . USA.
FINDER OF LOST LOVES motion picture | Made-for-TV series. Medium length film (30-60 minutes). (theme) Carole Bayer Sager, Burt Bacharach. (Songs). Motion Picture (Form).


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The University of Denver is a broadly positioned, private (charitable), four-year college with a hearty online nearness. Through DU's University (College of Professional and Continuing Studies), the University gives a completely certify instructive experience. Understudies at the undergrad and graduate dimensions can take testing and profession applicable online classes intended for occupied grown-ups.
Through Bachelor of Arts culmination projects and self-managed graduate projects, understudies will encounter an adaptable instruction involvement with vocation centered substance. DU's rationality is to grasp innovation to improve and quicken learning for occupied grown-ups. Online classes present a similar substance and are driven by indistinguishable scholastic results from grounds based classes however in an adaptable, open, and reasonable configuration.
With over 20 years of involvement in web-based learning, the University of Denver has sharpened the specialty of separation instruction. Online classes are nonconcurrent, so understudies are not required to be online in the meantime, rather signing into online class when their calendar licenses. And all classes are accessible both on the web and on grounds (or in a crossbreed position), so understudies can pick the configuration that works best for them.


Promote Easter, Halloween, Christmas, all four seasons, every month of the year, and more! The in-house custom point of sale service at Dalebrook creates the highest quality options for businesses that want more out of their everyday POS displays.
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Every time I start a server with bots enabled, they always are the same. I don't configure which ones they are either, like you can, but It bothers me that they are always the same. Any way to fix this?
I don't mean that they are the same character, but it picks the same couple of characters everytime. For example, it always picks Luke, Vader, Alora, Shadowtroop,etc.
kick allbots addbot "" addbot "" addbot ""
Add as many addbot lines as you need. That should fix your problem.


text:
The Path to Marriage Equality in GCN: Part 3
The Path to Marriage Equality in GCN: Part 3 Commentary from Tomboktu
To mark the anniversary of the marriage equality referendum, The Irish Left Archive is publishing a short series of articles on the evolution of discussion of same-sex couples, lgb families, and their legal recognition, as portrayed in the pages of Gay Community News in the 1990s. The first article in this series covered the years 1990 to 1994; the second article continued the story with material from 1995 and 1996. This article concludes the mini-series with articles from my collection of GCN issues from the remaining years of the 1990s, and a handful from 2000. (My collection is incomplete, and important developments may not be included because of that.)
The first item from these years is a report of a legal case from Hawaii, in which that state's court had ruled that the ban on same-sex marriage was not constitutional. (The decision in the report was handed down in December 1996, but the article does not report that the judge who had made the order suspended it the following day pending an appeal to the Hawaii Supreme Court.)
"Same Sex Marriages Legal in Hawaii" from Gay Community News, February 1997.
In May, GCN reported that same-sex couples in Ireland were to see a significant improvement in the rules on inheritance tax as part of a reform to reduce the amount paid by couples — gay or straight — living together. (Political junkies will be amused to see a certain junior minister at the time referred to as "Mr William O'Dea". Does anybody know if he acquired some airs and gravitas on his first ministerial appointment or was GCN attributing them to him?)
"McCreevy promises to include gays in inheritence tax reforms", from Gay Community News, No. 117. May 1999.
And then there's a gap. I don't know if that's because nothing was being reported in GCN or because my collection of copies is missing issues with reports.
Two years later, developments overseas are noted, this time from Canada. The report summarises a decision by the Canadian Supreme Court to treat a same-sex relationship on the same basis as a mixed-sex non-marital relationship for the purposes of maintenance payments after the relationship ended.
"Canadian Ruling", from Gay Community News, No. 119. July 1999.
In 2000, the paper devoted a full page to a photo-feature to the marriage of an Irish couple. Of course, that ceremony had no legal standing, but it shows that for some in the lgb communities, there was a desire to have their relationship recognised at least socially as having the same significance as the legal relationship that mixed-sex couples could enter in churches and registry office.
"An Irish Gay Marriage Ceremony", from Gay Community News, No. 133. October 2000.
The following month, in October 2000, GCN carried a short article about the decision by the Dutch parliament to lift the ban on same-sex marriage, the first country in the world to do so. I think the article is remarkably low-key for such a ground-breaking development, with the Netherlands becoming the first country in the world to provide access to full legal marriage for same-sex couples.
"Dutch Vote in Favour of Gay Marriage", from Gay Community News, No. 133. October 2000.
My collection ends with a depressing reminder of the limit of the recognition for same-sex couples that did exist in Irish law at the end of the millennium. In the same issue that the Dutch law opening marriage to same-sex couples is reported, GCN provides a half-page on how the Domestic Violence Act works for cohabiting couples, an speculating on how the term "husband or wife" might be interpreted.
"The Law and You", from Gay Community News, No. 133. October 2000.
From Tomboktu
It is a year since we voted not only to lift the ban on same-sex couples getting married, but to place an obligation on the state to put in place a law for marriage equality.
To mark the anniversary of the marriage equality referendum, The Irish Left Archive is publishing a short series of articles on the evolution of discussion of same-sex couples, lgb families, and their legal recognition, as portrayed in the pages of Gay Community News in the 1990s. The first in this series covered the years 1990 to 1994; here we continue the story with material from 1995 and 1996. The articles are from my collection of GCN issues from the 1990s. (My collection is incomplete, and important developments may not be included because of that.)
You can also join the discussion on The Cedar Lounge Revolution
Gay Community News
GCN (Gay Community News) is Ireland's longest-running national gay publication and a not-for-profit registered charity. It was first published on February 10, 1988 after Tonie Walsh and Catherine Glendon, both activists on the Dublin gay scene, decided it was time for Ireland's gay and lesbian population to have a free publication of their own.
Gay Community News website
Irish Workers Group: Responses
Irish Workers' Group [1976]
The Internationalists/Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist-Leninist), Part One: 1965-1970
Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist-Leninist)
League for a Workers' Vanguard / Workers' League – 1969 to c.1978
Workers' League
League for a Workers' Republic
Irish Workers Group (1976) / Class Struggle
Irish Workers' Group, 1966-1968
Irish Militant Tendency


text:
My First Two Days in New York City!
My first couple of days in "The Big Apple!!!" (PS: nobody here calls it that, says the person who's lived here for a total of four days and has in no way earned the right to be bitchy about the phrase "The BIG APPLE!!!) were a whirlwind of activity and adjustment.
I went straight from the airport to Queens, where I stayed with my friend Leslie and her husband (also my friend) Paul for the first couple of days. Leslie is 1 part Tinkerbell, 1 part Gracie Allen (look her up), 1 part Robin Williams. Times with her are whimsical and carefree, and if you aren't careful--- highly caloric. I indulged in a couple things, but said "no" to a few others, so I ended up somewhere in the middle. And what, with all this New York walking...
Some of the things we did:
Juniors. It's a deli with locations in Times Square and Brooklyn. It's famous for it's cheesecake, and has DIVOONDEBAR potato pancakes. My gawd. A little sour cream, a little apple sauce...heaven! I've now been there four times, and should start branching out. But what can I say? I find something that works and I stick with it. I had a cup of the matzoh ball soup, some pickles, and a Diet Coke, in case you wondered
We went to the Actor's Equity Office and I got my Equity Card, which was a major step, and if you are in New York and want to audition for the good stuff, it is a must. It's usually easier to get outside of NYC, so if you are a performer heading here, I would recommend making that a goal before you get here. I got the card on first arrival because I had discovered two weeks ago that "Joe Hartman" was currently up for grabs as an Equity name, and for constancy sake, I wanted my SAG and Equity name to remain the same.
We saw Iris, which I'd been dying to see. It's the final film of Albert Maysles, part of the team that brought you the gay classic Grey Gardens. His most recent doc features Iris Apfel, an "octogenarian starlet" who rose to fame in about the past ten years for her massive collection of jewels and fashions, and for her ingenious and audacious ways of displaying them. She's a beacon for any young artist or individual today, as well as those who may have thought they'd aged out of...well, anything.
Of course, the audience at 2pm on a Thursday was mostly an older crowd, and a reminder that many times in New York, the audience is as entertaining as the film. Right before it started a gentleman took a phone call (on speaker phone no less) in which he discusses the US Open with some unsuspecting soul for about 6 or seven minutes, blatantly ignoring all the people around him who were "not having it". They sighed audibly, shouting "turn off your phone!" and such, as I tried to hide my delight. Quick Quiz!!: Do you think this man ended the call when the previews started? Answer: Hell no! He kept right on going. Finally the manager of the theatre came rushing in, arms waving, and gave him the stink eye. The older gent casually finished his call and apologized.
Cut to after the film. An older man in the first couple of rows had fallen asleep, and we gently woke him. It so startled him he gave little shout, and his eyes momentarily increased three times in size. He was thankful we'd awoken him, and so dear. He just lit up talking about the film and how he'd loved it so much the first time he had to come back and see it again.
We went to the dollar store for some remarkable savings...
We checked out The Museum of the Moving Image for "free" night, and saw the Mad Men exhibit. It was wonderful!! They have a recreation of the writers room, sets from the show that were moved and reassembled, and many costumes, as well as the inspiration boards that were created for each character using vintage images.
We watched I Am Big Bird (about Sesame Street puppeteer Caroll Spinney) on streaming as we ate egg salad sandwiches. It was another really inspiring piece about following your own dreams, in spite of what others might, and definitely will say.
Needless to say, after that much excitement I was ready to have some relaxing me time, and the past couple of days have been devoted to adjusting to my new home for the next three weeks, unpacking, and arranging things to make them feel like mine. I've also done a shit ton of walking, and naturally getting lost. Not much, I haven't wandered for hours, but a walk that should normally take ten minutes might take me twenty, as I home in on my destination like a very uncoordinated bat, bumping around in the streets until I finally make it to where I intended to go. After a week or two in New York I should develop some grade A legs, if God is at all sympathetic.
Joe Hartman July 6, 2015 Albert Maysles, Caroll Spinney, Equity, Grey Gardens, I Am Big Bird, Iris Apfel, Iris, Mad Men, Museum of the Moving Image, New York City, New York relocation
Joe Hartman July 8, 2015
Too Darn Hot


Henrietta Tate gave up everything for her husband Marcus and their kids. But now that the children are away at school and she's rattling round their large country house all day she's feeling more than a little lost. So when a friend puts her in touch with Laurie, a historian in need of a PA, Henrietta heads for London.


I know that lots of people enjoy going to the gym, yoga, or just a quick swim. I love to swim, but have issues carrying around bulky towels each time I go. The Luxury Microfiber Towel by Cooler Health is a great product for me. This set arrives with 1- Large Towel measuring 55" x 29.5" and 1- Small Towel measuring 24" x 14.5".The material of these towels is extremely lightweight and they dry pretty quick. They are also very soft and don't feel scratchy against my skin. These towels can absorb 7 times their weight and resist smelly and going stale just in case you forget to hang them up when finished. I love to use the smaller towel to wrap around my hair after my swim classes. I then can wrap up in the larger towel. These towels are a cute, bright green color and come with a compact mesh bag for convenient travel. I wash my towels along with my other household towels and have noticed that they did shrink, just a bit. It's not a huge deal, just something to take note of. Overall, I like this product and will continue using it often!
*I received this product at a reduced price.
I ordered the RIOGOO Iron Hanging Flower Pots for my father-in-law. He loves to use unique items in his yard, and these definitely fit the bill. My order arrived very quickly and I was a little surprised with how small they are. Each of the 8 buckets are a different color and measure 3.9*3.9*2.6 inches. They are constructed of a very durable iron and can be used for many different things. He decided to use a few to plant fresh herbs and a few for strawberries. He likes that they have a handle that allows him to hang the herbs right outside of the kitchen window. He did state that he wished there was a small drainage hole in the bottom to prevent over-watering. He was able to do that easily and has had these pots outside since their arrival. He has had no issues with rusting and they are working as expected for his needs. Overall, these pots are adorable and work well, and we would definitely recommend them!


text:
Q: Handlebars {{#if}} {{elseif}} block helper not working I am parsing complex json using handlebars.js
I want to display to name in different style if they matches a condition based on the json.
So the json is as follows :
    "TradeLine":{
             "TradeLine":{
                "Mortgage Accounts":[
                   {
                      "SubscriberDisplayName":"SAVINGS AND LOAN COMPA",
                      "Evaluation":"N",
                      "EvaluationDesc":"Closer review is required",
                      "KOB":"Savings And Loan Companies",
                      "RevolvingOrInstallment":"I",
                      "RevolvingOrInstallmentDesc":"Installment",
                      "OpenOrClosed":"C",
                      "OpenOrClosedDesc":"Closed",
                      "Status":"05",
                     }
                     ]
             }
    }

I have followed the below links
Block Helper Link referred
Second referred Link
What i want to do is if the Evaluation is "N" (Negative) then displayname should have "*" besides it name and should be colored RED else if it's "P" (Positive) it should be displayed as it is.
How can i do that ?
My HTML Code is like this

                            {{#if '"Evaluation" == "N"'}}
                             {{SubscriberDisplayName}} *
                            {{elseif '"Evaluation" == "P"'}}
                             {{SubscriberDisplayName}}
                            {{/if}}

Thanks in advance

A: Solved the above problem by below code:
{{#if_eq Evaluation "P"}}
     {{SubscriberDisplayName}}
{{else}}
     {{SubscriberDisplayName}}*
{{/if_eq}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


on 6 bottles or more.
Enjoy the pure taste of excellence in this ultra-premium blend of organic Italian vodka. Produced from Europe's finest selection of organic wheat; Global Vodka will surely provide you with a unique and enjoyable experience. Not only is it distinct in its appearance, it is also an unprecedented blend of top-notch quality ingredients that will redefine the way you drink.


Both 2010 and 2011 set record growth levels in the industrial motor controls market, with shipments in 2011 increasing 22.3%.
Both 2010 and 2011 set record growth levels in the industrial motor controls market, with shipments in 2011 increasing 22.3%. These levels can partly be attributed to recovery following a 13% contraction in 2009 in reaction to the global recession, but as 25 million motor controls were shipped in 2011, ultimately surpassing pre-recession levels, strong market demand has returned and is predicted to increase over the next five years.
The importance of locating production closer to consumption is a rising trend due to a number of factors, resulting in the production of motor controls closest to the fastest growing markets in terms of consumption. As China is the fastest growing regional market for motor controls, many manufacturers have shifted a portion of their production load to the country. Another contributing factor to the abundance of production expansion in China is directly related to the restrictive tax policies and import duties suppliers face. The Asia Pacific region, excluding Japan, is expected to produce 49% of units in 2015, up from 41% in 2010.
Emerging markets in Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) and in the Americas are also benefiting from a shift in production as motor control suppliers work to localize production capabilities. Many suppliers are establishing manufacturing facilities in Brazil and Mexico in order to benefit from lower cost production, while meeting nearby demand in the US. Although currently few suppliers produce products in Brazil, due to the economic growth and in particular the high growth of motor controls in the country, many suppliers are expanding production facilities in the region. Traditionally Brazil has been a difficult market for motor control suppliers to sell into due to the restrictive import duties of 14% on all factory automation products and minimum production requirements for projects. Any project financed by the Brazilian Development Bank, the leading financier for expansion of industry and infrastructure, is also subject to local content requirements; suppliers would be required to produce 60-80% of motor controls in Brazil. However, as the growth in the country provides large opportunities to the market, many manufacturers have recently opened manufacturing locations in the country.
Eastern Europe, and in particular, Poland and Romania, have benefited from the localization trend as suppliers continue to set up new facilities in reaction to European demand for motor controls. The EMEA market for motor controls was the largest regional market until Asia Pacific surpassed the region in 2010. With motor control demand continuing to increase across Europe and in large markets such as Germany and Italy, additional manufacturing solutions are necessary for many suppliers. The cost of labor in Eastern Europe and the close proximity to some of the largest machine producing countries is attractive to many suppliers for manufacturing of motor controls.
Moving forward as some of these emerging economies become more developed and labor costs in the countries rise, shifts towards other regions are inevitable as suppliers look to take advantage of the benefits an emerging market offers. Production movement from Poland to other Eastern European nations has already begun, and, in China, some suppliers are locating facilities in more remote areas of Western China or near Mongolia. Southeast Asia and India are expected to see a rise in manufacturing facilities over the next decade as well, as suppliers try to maintain local presence while at the same time keeping labor costs down.
Approaching 400 million smart cards used in transportation, but is NFC the threat on the horizon?


text:
@echo off

cd %~dp0

echo Restoring local GPO settings...
%~dp0lgpo.exe /g "%~dp0rc\post_gpo"

%windir%\system32\gpupdate /force

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
People Over Profits
America #NeverLovedUs…Remember
Greater Allegheny instructor to be recognized at award dinner
PITTSBURGH, Pa. — The Pittsburgh Black Media Federation will be hosting its 31st annual Robert L. Vann Media Awards Dinner at 6 p.m. on Thursday, May 2, in the University of Pittsburgh's O'Hara Student Center ballroom. This event honors professional and college journalists for their outstanding work. This year Johnathan[…]
Limited seating at Rosfeld trial creating concerns
PITTSBURGH — Multiple people who showed up at the Allegheny County Courthouse for the first day of the trial of Officer Michael Rosfeld said they were not able to sit in the courtroom. "After family it was media to go in and then after media went in they came out[…]
Trial To Begin For White Police Officer Who Shot Unarmed Black Teen
A white suburban police officer goes on trial in Pittsburgh on Tuesday for fatally shooting an unarmed black teenager last summer. Former East Pittsburgh police officer Michael Rosfeld shot and killed 17-year-old Antwon Rose in June 2018 as the teen ran from a car that the officer had pulled over. The[…]
As Michael Rosfeld trial begins, mood calm, respectful outside courthouse
For a day, at least, civil rights advocates heeded a grieving mother's public call for no protests during the Michael Rosfeld trial. There were a few encounters Tuesday — over roses, over a painting — between police and people sympathetic to Michelle Kenney, the late Antwon Rose II's mother, and her[…]
Groups, businesses in Allegheny County call for police accountability in shooting of Antwon Rose II
More than 120 advocacy groups, organizations and businesses in Allegheny County penned an open letter Monday demanding justice for Antwon Rose II, a day before Michael Rosfeld — the former East Pittsburgh police officer who shot and killed the teenager in 2018 — begins his trial. The letter, announced by[…]


Kate Brown is the owner of Buzz By Brown, a small public relations firm.
Insurance company subsidies are key to the Affordable Care Act. After President Trump cut them last week, he called Obamacare "virtually dead."


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Gli apostoli di Gesù Cristo (dal greco ἀπόστολος, apóstolo: "inviato", "messaggero"), come descritto nel Nuovo Testamento, sono i discepoli costituiti da Gesù per dare continuità al messaggio della salvezza da lui proclamato. Egli ne scelse dodici come il numero delle tribù di Israele.

Dopo il tradimento e la morte di Giuda Iscariota, il numero originario fu ristabilito prima della Pentecoste con l'elezione di Mattia. Oltre al gruppo dei dodici, Paolo di Tarso () è riconosciuto da tutti i cristiani un apostolo di Cristo (il tredicesimo); così come per la Chiesa cattolica lo è pure Barnaba.

Gli apostoli nel Nuovo Testamento

La scelta dei primi apostoli nei vangeli

Nei vangeli canonici si ravvisano delle discrepanze in merito al luogo, ai nomi e al momento in cui i primi apostoli furono scelti. Relativamente al luogo, secondo i vangeli sinottici, Gesù scelse i suoi primi apostoli presso il Lago di Tiberiade, detto anche Lago di Genezareth, in Galilea, nel Nord della terra d'Israele, al contrario del Vangelo secondo Giovanni che colloca l'avvenimento vicino al luogo del suo battesimo nei pressi di Betania nel Sud del paese, a circa 150 chilometri dal Lago di Tiberiade. Inoltre, in relazione al momento, il Vangelo di Giovanni fa operare la scelta a Gesù quasi subito dopo il suo battesimo, mentre invece i vangeli sinottici pongono l'avvenimento parecchio tempo dopo, visto che Gesù avrebbe prima passato anche quaranta giorni nel deserto. Infine, anche i nomi dei primi apostoli scelti non coincidono tra la versione sinottica e quella giovannea.

Secondo alcuni commentatori, queste divergenze non sarebbero completamente inconciliabili. È possibile infatti che il primo incontro di Gesù con Andrea, Pietro e Giovanni (che secondo la tradizione è il discepolo di cui non viene citato il nome) sia avvenuto a Betania poco dopo il suo battesimo, come raccontato dal vangelo di Giovanni. Dopo il ritorno in Galilea sia di Gesù che dei suoi futuri discepoli (che dopo l'arresto di Giovanni Battista sarebbero tornati nella loro città riprendendo il mestiere di pescatori), sarebbe avvenuto sul Lago di Tiberiade un nuovo incontro da cui sarebbe scaturita la chiamata definitiva, da parte di Gesù, dei tre uomini (con l'aggiunta di Giacomo, fratello di Giovanni), come raccontato dai vangeli sinottici

I vangeli sinottici descrivono in seguito la chiamata di Matteo (non raccontata dal vangelo di Giovanni), mentre il vangelo di Giovanni descrive le chiamate di Filippo e Bartolomeo (non raccontate dai sinottici).

Gli apostoli nei vangeli sinottici
I vangeli sinottici concordano nel riferire che Gesù formò tra i suoi seguaci un gruppo ristretto di dodici persone, per fare con loro vita comune e per mandarli in seguito a predicare il suo messaggio. Queste persone furono chiamate apostoli, termine che significa "inviati". Di questo gruppo facevano parte: le due coppie di fratelli Pietro - Andrea, e Giacomo il Maggiore - Giovanni, Giacomo il Minore, fratello ossia cugino di Gesù, Giuda Taddeo (forse fratello di Giacomo il Minore e quindi anch'egli cugino di Gesù), l'ex esattore delle tasse Matteo, e altri cinque discepoli i cui nomi non erano stati citati in precedenza, cioè Filippo, Tommaso, Giuda Iscariota, Bartolomeo, Simone il Cananeo (detto lo Zelota nel vangelo di Luca).

In Marco e Luca la distinzione tra apostoli e discepoli è più marcata: i discepoli sono un gruppo più grande, che comprende il gruppo più ristretto dei dodici. Luca cita anche un gruppo di settanta discepoli, mandato in missione da Gesù. In Matteo la distinzione tra apostoli e discepoli è invece più attenuata, al punto che l'espressione "i dodici" finisce gradualmente per passare in secondo piano in favore dell'espressione "i discepoli".

Gli apostoli negli Atti degli Apostoli
L'inizio degli Atti degli Apostoli parla di undici apostoli ossia:

Pietro e Giovanni, Giacomo e Andrea, Filippo e Tommaso, Bartolomeo e Matteo, Giacomo di Alfeo e Simone lo Zelòta e Giuda di Giacomo.

Manca, rispetto al Vangelo di Luca, Giuda Iscariota che è morto dopo aver tradito Gesù; dopo l'Ascensione di Gesù un dodicesimo apostolo, Mattia, viene integrato per sorteggio su iniziativa di Pietro (At ).

Gli apostoli nel Vangelo di Giovanni
Il Vangelo di Giovanni non riporta l'elenco degli apostoli, e ne cita più o meno esplicitamente otto, più un altro la cui identificazione non è univoca:
 Simone di Giona, originario di Betsaida di Galilea, da Gesù soprannominato Pietro in , è citato come Pietro in  oltre che in un intero episodio a lui riferito , nel racconto della visita alla tomba di Gesù , nell'ultimo capitolo del vangelo , e anche in  dove Andrea viene detto "fratello di Pietro" ()
 Andrea, citato in  come fratello di Pietro
 Filippo di Betsàida di Galilea, citato in
 Tommaso, viene dichiarato più volte che egli era detto "dìdimo" (), parola che significa gemello; originario di Rama in Giudea.
 Giuda, figlio di Simone Iscariota, un giudeo, citato in . Probabilmente originario di Keriot, da cui il nome. Ish Kariot significa appunto uomo di Keriot, località a sud di Gerusalemme, al confine della Giudea.
 Natanaele di Cana (), tradizionalmente identificato con il Bartolomeo degli altri vangeli (Bartolomeo significa in ebraico figlio di Tolomeo)
 due "figli di Zebedeo" (Giacomo e Giovanni, secondo gli altri Vangeli) uno dei quali, Giovanni, coinciderebbe con il "discepolo prediletto" - tradizionalmente considerato l'autore del quarto Vangelo - al quale Gesù, dalla croce, affidò sua madre (),
 viene citato anche "Giuda, non l'Iscariota" in , cioè probabilmente Giuda Taddeo, cugino primo di Gesù, fratello di Giacomo.
Rispetto ai sinottici, non sono riportati i nomi di Matteo, Giacomo di Alfeo e Simone il Cananeo.

In Giovanni non è indicato esplicitamente il numero degli apostoli, ma si dice che Giuda Iscariota era "uno dei Dodici":

I nomi dei Dodici
I nomi dei Dodici differiscono parzialmente tra i vari elenchi dati nel Nuovo Testamento e, secondo gli esegeti curatori del "Nuovo Grande Commentario Biblico", "fa bene riflettere sul fatto che in seguito fu ricordato ben poco della maggior parte dei membri di questo gruppo che un tempo era così importante"; gli stessi esegeti osservano come oltre a  "troviamo altre liste dei Dodici in ; ; " e "in verità, le liste dei Dodici hanno continuato a mescolare i nomi". Gli studiosi dell'interconfessionale Bibbia TOB notano come la tradizione avrebbe cercato di far coincidere alcune divergenze; ad esempio, nel caso di Natanaele "alcune tradizioni l'identificano con l'apostolo Bartolomeo, ma senza fondamento", oppure il caso di Taddeo che altri manoscritti nominano come Lebbeo o Giuda figlio di Giacomo o Giuda lo Zelota e tali esegeti ritengono che "la soluzione più semplice è che ogni sinottico abbia avuto un nome differente per l'undicesimo apostolo" ed "è del resto poco probabile che questi nomi indichino lo stesso personaggio", anche perché tutti di origine semitica mentre all'epoca, quando si avevano altri nomi oltre a quello giudeo, questi erano di origine greca o romana. Invece, la Bibbia nella versione ufficiale CEI insegna che «Natanaele è l'apostolo Bartolomeo». La Catholic Encyclopedia spiega con molti ragionamenti quali ragioni inducano gli studiosi a identificare Bartolomeo e Natanaele:
 «Bartolomeo non è il nome proprio dell'Apostolo», in quanto è un patronimico;
 «il nome [di Bartolomeo] non è presente nel Quarto Vangelo, mentre Natanaele non è menzionato nei sinottici»;
 «il nome di Bartolomeo è associato a quello di Filippo negli elenchi di Matteo e Luca, e a fianco di questo in Marco, il che concorda con il fatto mostrato da San Giovanni che Filippo era amico di lunga data di Natanaele e lo condusse a Gesù»;
 «la chiamata di Natanaele, menzionata con la chiamata di parecchi Apostoli, pare che lo designi all'apostolato, specialmente poiché la narrazione piuttosto completa e bellissima induce ad attendersi sviluppi importanti»;
 «Natanaele era della Galilea, ove Gesù trovò molti dei Dodici, se non tutti»;
 «nell'occasione dell'apparizione del Salvatore risorto sulle rive del Lago di Tiberiade, Natanaele è presente, insieme con parecchi apostoli che sono nominati e con due Discepoli anonimi, che erano, quasi certamente, altri Apostoli (la parola "apostolo" non compare nel Quarto Vangelo e "discepolo" di Gesù ordinariamente significa "Apostolo") e così, presumibilmente, era uno dei Dodici.»

Caratteristiche degli apostoli

Nove apostoli erano sicuramente galilei; in quanto Giuda, Tommaso e Simone lo Zelota, potrebbero essere stati giudei (vedi l'etimologia di "Giuda Iscariota"). Tommaso era originario di Rama, quindi sicuramente Giudeo;

Dopo la resurrezione e l'ascensione di Gesù, e la morte di Giuda Iscariota, gli undici apostoli restanti si riunirono e dopo un sorteggio nominarono Mattia completando nuovamente il numero di dodici.

Nel Nuovo Testamento sono citati anche altri uomini che agirono come apostoli oltre ai Dodici. Il più noto è certamente Paolo di Tarso, la cui autorità apostolica fu talvolta contestata dagli altri apostoli; con lui, anche Barnaba viene ricordato negli Atti con la qualifica di apostolo (... quod ubi audierunt apostoli Barnabas et Paulus conscissis tunicis suis exilierunt in turbas clamantes, ).

Altre figure neotestamentarie con la qualifica di apostolo sono Andronico e Giunia (), quest'ultima una donna.

In senso proprio, il ministero e la funzione dell'apostolo (come quello dei profeti) è limitato, dopo la chiusura del canone della Bibbia, soltanto alle persone specificatamente designate come tali nel Nuovo Testamento e non è trasmissibile. La funzione dell'apostolo infatti è quella di essere stato testimone diretto della vita, morte e risurrezione di Cristo e quindi di riportarne autorevolmente l'insegnamento. Nel libro degli Atti degli apostoli, infatti, dovendo sostituire Giuda Iscariota nel numero degli apostoli, è scritto:

Saulo di Tarso (Paolo), costituisce un'eccezione a tale principio. Benché non facesse parte del numero originale degli apostoli, anche a lui apparve risorto Gesù.

La comunione dei cristiani di epoche successive con gli apostoli è legata e definita alla fedeltà al loro insegnamento (; ).

La Chiesa cattolica, quella ortodossa, le chiese orientali e alcune altre chiese considerano i vescovi i successori degli apostoli, in quanto sono consacrati (ordinati) da altri vescovi che, a loro volta, avevano ricevuto la consacrazione da altri vescovi fino a risalire agli apostoli.

Apostoli e fratelli di Gesù

Sulla base di alcuni passi dei testi a noi pervenuti riguardo a Gesù Cristo, una parte degli studiosi ha ipotizzato che avesse dei fratelli, di cui vengono riportati i nomi Giacomo, Giuseppe, Simone e Giuda (Taddeo). Secondo i cattolici - a differenza ad esempio dei protestanti - non si tratterebbe di fratelli, come si intende ora, in quanto Maria, la Madre di Gesù, non ebbe altre gravidanze; sarebbero invece dei cugini primi di Gesù, figli di Alfeo, fratello di S. Giuseppe, e di Maria di Cleofa, sua moglie. In ebraico il termine fratello è usato anche per i cugini. Giuda, non è altri che il discepolo Giuda Taddeo, uno dei Dodici.

Secondo la tradizione delle chiese cristiane questi non sono identificati con gli apostoli che hanno lo stesso nome ma con persone diverse, in particolare Giacomo sarebbe Giacomo il Giusto. Alcuni studiosi ritengono invece che alcuni degli apostoli, ossia Giuda Taddeo e Giacomo il minore fossero fratelli-cugini di Gesù, vedi sopra, tenendo sempre presente il significato di fratello nel popolo ebraico del I secolo a.C., termine con il quale si annoverano anche i soggetti appartenenti al medesimo clan familiare.

Destinazione dei dodici apostoli
Dopo l'Ascensione di Gesù al cielo in corpo, anima e spirito, i dodici apostoli si stabilirono a Gerusalemme, dove costituirono il nucleo centrale della nascente comunità cristiana; attorno ad essi si radunarono i seguaci di Gesù, formando la Chiesa di Gerusalemme. Dopo avere iniziato la loro predicazione in Giudea, in seguito gli apostoli si suddivisero il compito di annunciare il Vangelo nel mondo allora conosciuto, nel modo seguente:
 Pietro: Antiochia e zone limitrofe. Roma intorno al 43 d.C.;
 Paolo: Arabia, Asia Minore, Macedonia, Grecia, e infine Roma;
 Tommaso: ai Parti, e nelle Indie orientali
 Giovanni apostolo ed evangelista: Asia minore (Efeso, Patmo);
 Andrea: Sciti, martire a Patrasso; secondo la tradizione ortodossa fu vescovo di Costantinopoli;
 Filippo: Asia Maggiore;
 Bartolomeo: Armenia, martire scorticato vivo;
 Matteo: Etiopia, martire in Persia;
 Giacomo il Maggiore: Giudea, e -secondo la tradizione- in Spagna;
 Giuda Taddeo insieme a Simone lo Zelota: Arabia, Mesopotamia, Armenia
 Mattia: Etiopia.
Entro trent'anni dalla prima predicazione di Pietro a Gerusalemme, con la partenza degli apostoli Gesù Cristo ebbe adoratori in tutta la terra abitata a quel tempo.

Le tombe e reliquie degli apostoli si trovano in edifici di culto sparsi nel mondo, molte delle quali in Italia:
 Pietro: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano;
 Andrea: Basilica di Sant'Andrea Apostolo a Patrasso (Grecia);
 Giacomo il Maggiore (figlio di Zebedeo): Santiago di Compostela in Galizia (Spagna);
 Giovanni Apostolo ed Evangelista: Basilica di san Giovanni in Efeso (Turchia);
 Filippo: Basilica dei Santi XII apostoli a Roma (Italia) e Ierapoli, vicino a Denizli (Turchia);
 Bartolomeo: Duomo di Benevento (Italia);
 Matteo: Cattedrale di Salerno (Italia);
 Giacomo il Minore (figlio di Alfeo): Cattedrale di San Giacomo a Gerusalemme (Israele) e Basilica dei Santi XII Apostoli a Roma (Italia);
 Tommaso: Basilica di San Tommaso Apostolo a Ortona (Italia) e Basilica di San Tommaso a Madras (India);
 Simone: nella Basilica di san Pietro a Roma (Italia), sotto l'altare di San Giuseppe con san Giuda;
 Giuda Taddeo: nella Basilica di san Pietro a Roma (Italia), sotto l'altare di san Giuseppe e Simone
 Mattia: Basilica di Santa Giustina a Padova (Italia) e/o nella Basilica di San Mattia a Treviri (nel Land tedesco della Renania-Palatinato);
 Paolo: Basilica di San Paolo fuori le mura a Roma (Italia);
 Giuda Iscariota: Akeldamà, nei pressi della Valle di Hinnom (Geenna), a Gerusalemme (Israele).

Altri usi

Modernamente il termine "apostolo" si applica anche ai missionari notabili, che predicavano al di fuori del loro luogo di origine. Tra questi: San José de Anchieta (Apostolo del Brasile), San Francesco Saverio (Apostolo delle Indie), San Pietro de Betancur (Apostolo del Guatemala) e San Patrizio (Apostolo d'Irlanda).

Gli apostoli nell'islam
La religione islamica considera Gesù uno dei più grandi profeti, e nel mondo islamico sono molto diffuse le narrazioni della sua vita e delle sue opere. Anche l'islam, quindi, riconosce gli apostoli (in arabo ḥawāriyyūn). Una lista, riportata nel racconto sulla vita di Gesù di al-Tha'labi, li elenca in quest'ordine e con queste denominazioni:
 Simone al-Ṣafā ("il Puro"), detto Pietro,
 suo fratello Andrea,
 Giacobbe, il figlio di Zebedeo,
 Giovanni, suo fratello,
 Filippo
 Bartolomeo
 Tommaso
 Matteo il pubblicano,
 Giacobbe il figlio di Ḥalfā,
 Labbā detto Taddeo,
 Simone al-Qānawī,
 Giuda l'Iscariota.

La stessa fonte ricorda anche le località in cui essi si diressero per diffondere la loro predicazione: Pietro a Roma; Andrea e Matteo nella "terra dei cannibali"; Tommaso e Labbā ad oriente; Filippo e Giuda a Qayrawan e nella provincia Africa; Giovanni a Efeso, "la città di quelli della caverna"; i due Giacobbe a Gerusalemme e in Palestina; Bartolomeo in Arabia ed in particolare in Hijaz; Simone nella terra dei Berberi.

In queste narrazioni, per analogia, anche al Profeta Maometto vengono attribuiti 12 apostoli, che nella stessa fonte sono elencati così:
 Abū Bakr
 ʿUmar
 ʿUthmān
 ʿAlī
 Ḥamza
 Ǧaʿfar
 Abū ʿUbayda b. al-Ǧarrāḥ
 ʿUthmān b. Maẓ'ūn
 ʿAbd al-Rahmān b. ʿAwf
 Saʿd b. Abī Waqqās
 Talḥa b. ʿUbayd Allāh
 al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām

Come si può vedere, questa lista si avvicina a quella dei Dieci Benedetti, che costituiscono un'altra classificazione dei discepoli più vicini a Maometto.

Note

Riferimenti

Bibliografia
 Hermann Gunkel, The Influence of the Holy Spirit: The Popular View of the Apostolic Age and the Teaching of the Apostle Paul: A Biblical-Theological Study, Augsburg, Fortress Publishers, 1979 ISBN 0800605446, 9780800605445.

Voci correlate
 Atti degli Apostoli
 Discorso apostolico
 Domnus Apostolicus
 Età Apostolica
 Missione dei dodici apostoli
 Morte di Giuda
 Simbologia del numero 12
 Successione apostolica

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Mendon, Constantine schools move to remote learning
Wed, 11/11/2020 - 4:50pm admin
MENDON — Mendon Community Schools, as of Tuesday, have moved to remote learning, while Constantine Public Schools announced a return to remote learning at all buildings starting Nov. 16.
Mendon's move comes as positive as two students at Mendon Middle/High School were confirmed to have positive cases of COVID-19, along with what Superintendent Leasa Griffith said were "multiple students, staff, and families quarantined due to contact tracing." According to its COVID-19 dashboard, the district currently has 56 students and six staff members quarantined because of the cases. She said the move was "not something we take lightly."
"Due to the recent climb in COVID-19 cases and the required contact tracing, we have had to make the tough decision to move to 100 percent remote learning for all students grades PreK-12," Superintendent Leasa Griffith wrote in a letter to parents Wednesday, adding that she's confident that students and parents were prepared due to having remote learning on Fridays this semester.
For the rest of the week, the district will follow their Friday virtual schedule, while the Monday-Thursday learning schedule will begin Monday, Nov. 16. A tentative date to return to in-person classes in Mendon is set for Monday, Nov. 30.
As for Constantine, their move to remote learning through the Constantine Experience comes just days after the district returned to face-to-face learning after being in a remote setting from Oct. 25 to Nov. 9. While as of Wednesday, there has been one new case in the district since their last update, Superintendent James Wiseley said the number of positive COVID-19 cases and contact tracing have "impacted our county and state."
"This number is increasing daily and this trend is predicted to continue," Wiseley wrote. "As a school district, the safety of our students and staff is at the forefront of all our decisions. This decision was not easy and takes into account the health of our students and staff."
Wiseley wrote that the need to move to the remote model was the result of the number of students not attending in-person learning and the current COVID-19 climate. However, evening events, sports and clubs can continue to meet as long as they are following safety protocols, Wiseley wrote.
Remote learning in Constantine will start Monday, Nov. 16, and a tentative date to return to in-person learning is Monday, Nov. 30. A special Constantine Board of Education meeting has been set for Thursday, Nov. 12 at 6 p.m. via Google Meet to discuss the move.


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The Naples airport authority has launched a two year study in preparation for the next 20 years of growth. Recent reports conclude that this facility managed over 95,000 takeoffs and landings which generates approximately $284 million for the local economy. Collier County is brimming with new residential, retail and commercial project and in 2017 the county adopted a strategic plan to improve and streamline services for the community. Chris Roxansky, executive director of the Naples airport authority recently provided his insights of the master plan to the Naples Board of Realtors.
Mr. Roxansky noted that the airport seeks to provide first class amenities and customer services to visitors as in many ways serves as the first impression for the community. He points to the Christmas holiday as the busiest days of the year. In 2016 there were 500 take offs and landings on the day after Christmas with an estimated aircraft value of $1.2billion. Space is at a premium throughout Naples and the authority is seeking to utilize the remaining 50 to 60 acres of land on highest and best use practices, as a result there are no plans to extend the runway to accommodate larger aircrafts.
There has been speculation of adding additional commercial carriers, yet the authority confirms that it is not actively seeking to develop new services. In 2016 Elite Airlines operated flights between Maine, New Jersey and Naples yet had trouble consistently filling seats and ended their service. The terminal is used by charter companies, rental car agencies and is the home of the Naples Museum of Military History with artifacts that date back to the Revolutionary War.
Several years ago the airport spent $8 million to address the impact of noise generated by aircrafts and selected to replace older noisier jets to reduce overall exposure. Currently the authority is working with FAA to modify protocols to allow for aircrafts to ascend swiftly to higher altitudes therefore reducing overall noise levels. Mr. Roxansky points out that while improvements are underway aircrafts in close proximity to the airport will still be seen and heard.
The flurry of expansion in Naples within all facets is inevitable and adapting our senses to this experience is part of the journey.
We at Naples Meridian Group look forward to keeping you posted on the nuances of this ever changing market, as living and playing in this blissful environment is a luxury and a privilege.
Fatima S. Khokhar is the managing principal of Naples Meridian Group, that specializes in providing independent and confidential property consultancy and sales services to clients, investment groups and property developers.


text:
Romanticism on the Net
New Texts and Textual Scholarship in British Literature, 1780-1830
James Hogg in 2000 and Beyond
James Hogg in 2000 and Beyond [*][Record]
Douglas S. Mack
Online publication: Aug. 10, 2009
An article of the journal Romanticism on the Net
Issue19, August 2000, p. 0
Copyright © Michael Eberle-Sinatra 1996-2002 — All rights reserved
The Anna Letitia Barbauld Web Page: 1773 meets 2000
Representing some Late Romantic-Era, Non-Canonical Male Poets: Thomas Hood, Winthrop Mackworth Praed, Thomas Lovell Beddoes
The call for submissions for the present special number of Romanticism on the Net posed a question: This question brings to mind various texts by James Hogg, whose Collected Works are currently being published by the Edinburgh University Press. Hogg was for long regarded as a minor writer, and this view of him can still be encountered. Margaret Russett, however, has argued: Hogg can indeed be seen as a 'disenfranchised marginal writer', but the present essay will suggest that his extraordinarily powerful and interesting texts nevertheless have a part to play at the heart of current discussion of British literature of the Romantic era. Hogg is significant partly because his texts seek to give voice to the insights, culture, and concerns of non-elite, subaltern Scotland. In attempting to let subaltern Scotland speak, Hogg's texts engage in sustained and creative debate with the novels and poems of Sir Walter Scott. A major new edition of Scott is currently being published, and a major conference on 'Scott, Scotland, and Romanticism' was held at the University of Oregon in the summer of 1999. Papers given at that conference by James Chandler, Jerome McGann and others confirmed that Scott is currently re-emerging as one of the major figures of British and European Romanticism. Hogg also featured strongly at the Oregon conference, and interest in his creative debate with Scott is being encouraged by the publication of the new Hogg Collected Works. James Hogg (1770-1835), known as 'The Ettrick Shepherd', was widely regarded in his own lifetime as one of the major British literary figures of the generation of Scott, Coleridge, and Wordsworth. Hogg's substantial reputation among his contemporaries had first been established by his book-length poem The Queen's Wake (1813), but the nature of his fame was influenced by the fact that, as a young man, he had been a self-educated farm worker in Ettrick Forest, a remote sheep-farming district in the south of Scotland. Hogg's unusual background for a writer provides the context in which George Goldie, the publisher of The Queen's Wake, made the following remarks in the second edition of the poem (1813): The view of Hogg taken by his contemporaries is also reflected in the various early reviews of his novel The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner, which appeared anonymously in 1824. Gillian Hughes has shown that many of the early reviews identify Hogg as the author, and see the Justified Sinner as being typical of Hogg's writings in that it presents 'an incongruous mixture of the strongest powers with the strongest absurdities'. The 'Scotch Shepherd' was undoubtedly regarded by his contemporaries as a man of powerful and original talent, but it was felt that his lack of education caused his writings to be seriously marred by frequent failures in discretion, expression, and knowledge of the world. Worst of all was Hogg's lack of what was called 'delicacy', a failing which caused him to deal openly in his writings with subjects (such as prostitution) felt to be unsuitable for mention in polite literature. How could a novel mentioning such subjects be read aloud by modest young ladies in their family circles? The Ettrick Shepherd was widely regarded as a man of genius. Emphatically, however, his genius was felt to be damagingly flawed. Hogg was recognisable as a diamond, but he was felt to be a distinctly unpolished one. In the late 1830s Blackie & Son of Glasgow published a posthumous collected edition of the rough diamond's writings. As was perhaps natural in all the circumstances, the Blackie firm took ...
The Norton Critical Edition of Coleridge's Poetry and Prose
By Nicholas Halmi
Textual Editions
By James Powell
Mary Robinson and Your Brilliant Career
By Judith Pascoe
Betty T. Bennett and Stuart Curran, eds., Shelley: Poet and Legislator of the World. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. ISBN: 0801851769. Price: US$17.95 (£15).
By Jack Donovan
Mack, Douglas S. "James Hogg in 2000 and Beyond." Romanticism on the Net, number 19, august 2000, p. 0–0. https://doi.org/10.7202/005934ar
Mack, D. S. (2000). James Hogg in 2000 and Beyond. Romanticism on the Net, (19), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.7202/005934ar
Mack, Douglas S. "James Hogg in 2000 and Beyond". Romanticism on the Net no. 19 (2000) : 0–0. https://doi.org/10.7202/005934ar


In this series, we'll explore the five pillars of behavior change that will help you design an effective employee wellbeing program. You can find the post on Pillar #1 here.
The second pillar focuses on the topic of choice. Let's explore why it's essential to let your employees choose the focus of their wellbeing program and how to engage with it.
Traditional wellness programs tend to be paternalistic—they tell employees exactly which habits they need to focus on, like quitting smoking or changing their diet in a specific way. Or worse—they only target a so-called "high-risk" portion of the population. This approach is flawed in two ways: First, it alienates employees who aren't motivated by the particular focus of the program, and second, it risks making the employees who are included feel guilty and ashamed. And guilt and shame are simply not factors that help people make lasting behavior changes.
When approaching health and wellbeing programs, it's important to keep in mind that individuals, at the end of the day, are the experts about themselves. Therefore, it's important for your health and wellbeing program goals to be in alignment with the individual participants' goals. This alignment ensures employees are intrinsically motivated to act.
Research backs this up, showing that by letting your employees choose how they will tackle their health and wellbeing goals, you boost their chances of success.
Why is this? Well, when you allow employees to choose the main components of their wellbeing program—the habit they'd like to improve, the frequency at which they do it, the coach they work with—you facilitate the shift from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation and increase the chances of helping them design something that works well within their own complex lives and make it more likely to achieve lasting behavior change.