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Justia Dockets & Filings Tenth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit United States v. Khondaker Filing 920080205
United States v. Khondaker
FILED United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS TENTH CIRCUIT February 5, 2008 Elisabeth A. Shumaker Clerk of Court UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. MOSTAFA MOHD KHONDAKER, Defendant-Appellant. No. 06-5172 (D.C. No. 05-CR-134-CVE) (N.D. Okla.) ORDER AND JUDGMENT * Before LUCERO, BALDOCK, and GORSUCH, Circuit Judges. Mostafa Mohd Khondaker appeals his conviction on four counts of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. � 841(a)(1) and one count of possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug-trafficking crime in violation of 18 U.S.C. � 924(c)(1)(A). He focuses his appeal on the sufficiency of the evidence presented by the government to support his conviction on each of the five counts. He also challenges his sentence with an argument since foreclosed by Supreme Court precedent. Exercising jurisdiction This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 32.1. * pursuant to 28 U.S.C. � 1291, we hold that the evidence was sufficient for a reasonable jury to find Khondaker guilty beyond a reasonable doubt on all counts and therefore AFFIRM. I A Officers from the Tulsa Police Department ("TPD") first began to suspect criminal activity at the Seven Days Food Corner convenience store when a confidential informant ("CI") indicated to TPD Officer Mike Helton that crack cocaine was available for purchase at the store. According to the CI, the drugs could be purchased from either a father or a son who were employed there. Based on this tip, Helton organized a "controlled buy" in which he planned to send the CI to purchase narcotics at the store under the supervision of the Special Investigations Division ("SID") of TPD. Thereafter, in late July 2005, the CI successfully executed the plan, carrying out the first of two controlled buys. According to the CI, "a younger Middle-Eastern male," someone other than Khondaker, 1 was working behind the store counter, and agreed to sell a small amount of crack cocaine. To compile additional evidentiary support for a potential search warrant, TPD later sent the same CI to attempt another controlled buy. The results of the second purchase were identical to the first--the CI purchased more crack cocaine from the same "younger Middle-Eastern male." 1 Khondaker is in his late fifties and is of Bangladeshi descent. -2- On July 29, 2005, Helton obtained a search warrant for the store from a state court. Helton's partner, Officer Nicholas DeBruin, organized a SID team to execute the warrant on Thursday, August 4, 2005. The officers' operation began at approximately 2:00 p.m. that day, when the SID team began to monitor the store. From the vantage point of an unmarked car, they first noticed that Khondaker, rather than a "younger Middle-Eastern male," was the sole employee working behind the store counter that day. Notwithstanding their awareness that the clerk working at the store was not the same individual who had previously sold drugs to the CI, the officers continued to monitor the store. The team intended to observe all of the customer traffic entering and exiting the store that afternoon to determine whether any customers purchased a controlled substance while inside. They were unable, however, to position themselves for a direct view into the store, and thus did not observe any illegal transactions take place. Nevertheless, they noted that of the six to eight customers entering the store that afternoon, none exited the building with shopping bags or any obvious purchases. 2 In the officers' judgment, these customers likely left the store without any merchandise because they had purchased only drugs. Two other officers who monitored the store on previous dates also observed customer traffic entering and exiting the store, and each testified that they saw no purchases made from the store's regular inventory. -3- 2 After approximately five hours of monitoring the store, the officers prepared to execute the search warrant. 3 Around 7:30 p.m., Sergeant Sam McCullough, a plainclothes officer, entered the store to secure it for the impending raid. While inside, McCullough observed a man enter the store and walk up to the counter where Khondaker was standing, apparently to make a purchase. Khondaker asked the man what he needed and the man responded with an answer inaudible to McCullough. Then, just as Khondaker was reaching under the counter, the remainder of the SID team pulled into the parking lot. Observing this arrival, Khondaker immediately said to the customer, "Uh-oh, it's Five-O," 4 to which the customer responded, "Hold that thought; I'll be back later." The customer then promptly left the store before the police entered. The surveillance team was not at the store continuously during the afternoon. DeBruin testified that each time the team observed what they thought might be a suspicious purchase, they followed the purchaser's vehicle. This practice caused significant time gaps in their surveillance of the store. According to DeBruin, the team planned to follow each customer until they could have a marked patrol car pull that individual over for a traffic violation that would support a search for drugs. Of the six to eight people the officers followed, none committed any traffic infractions, and the officers were therefore unable to determine whether any of them had purchased drugs from Khondaker. According to McCullough, "Five-O" is a commonly used slang phrase in north Tulsa that means "police." The slang term was likely initially popularized by the 1970's hit television series "Hawaii Five-O" in which Jack Lord portrayed the head of an elite state police unit responsible for investigating suspected international secret agents, organized crime, and assassins. However, the term may also have originated with the popular use of police interceptor vehicles having 5.0 liter engines. -44 3 Upon exiting their vehicles, the officers knocked on the store's glass door and announced that they had a warrant. They then entered the store with their weapons drawn and sought to detain the building's two occupants: Khondaker and a deliveryman for a local distributor of convenience store merchandise. DeBruin immediately told Khondaker to put his hands up. Although Khondaker, who primarily speaks Bengali, appeared to understand the command, he did not immediately comply with it. He instead hesitated and raised his hands repeatedly up and down between the level of the counter, approximately at his waist, and his chest. In response, Officer First, among the first officers inside the store, climbed behind the counter to where Khondaker was standing and handcuffed him. First then escorted Khondaker from behind the counter--a space of less than two and one-half feet wide--and discovered two handguns in plain view under the counter, directly in front of where Khondaker had been standing. First seized the firearms, a .38 caliber revolver and a .38 caliber semiautomatic pistol. He noted that the guns were both loaded and ready to fire. 5 Near the guns, First also discovered a box of .38 caliber bullets, a bullet carrier, and an extra magazine of ammunition for the semiautomatic weapon. First testified that the semiautomatic weapon was not only loaded, but also "chamber loaded." He explained to the jury that a semiautomatic weapon is chamber loaded when "there is a bullet in the chamber ready to be fired as soon as the trigger is pulled," rather than merely a round in the weapon's magazine. -5- 5 Once the officers secured the interior of the store, they began a search of the premises. According to the CI, drugs were located behind the counter near the register, and so the officers focused on that area first. There, they found a substantial amount of controlled substances within easy reach of the spot where Khondaker stood, including: (1) 44.38 grams of cocaine base (commonly known as "crack cocaine"), (2) 16.46 grams of cocaine powder, (3) 7.24 grams of methamphetamine, (4) 1.07 grams of marijuana, and (5) 77 tablets of MDMA (commonly known as "Ecstasy"). 6 All of the drugs were hidden either below the counter or next to the cash register in an assortment of cigar and cigarette boxes, and most of the drugs were packaged in small quantities. Near the drugs and also under the counter, the officers uncovered $2,359 in cash denominated in small bills, a loaded 12-gauge shotgun, 7 a bulletproof vest, binoculars, and drug paraphernalia. That paraphernalia, some of which was on open display, included Officers also found 2,124 tablets of pseudoephedrine in the area behind where Khondaker was standing. DeBruin testified that, based on his expertise, he believed that these tablets were intended to be sold for use in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Khondaker, however, was not charged in relation to the pseudoephedrine discovered at the store. DeBruin testified that the handle of the shotgun protruded from under the counter and that it was located approximately four feet from where Khondaker had been standing when the officers arrived at the store. -67 6 small plastic bags, glass pipes, 8 scouring pads, 9 rolling papers, single- and doubleedged razor blades, digital scales, and a large quantity of baking soda. 10 In searching the remainder of the premises, officers also noted some unusual features of the store's interior. They observed a large quantity of out-dated merchandise on the shelves, a thick layer of dust on items in the store's inventory, and a number of inventory boxes faded by the sun. According to one officer, only the beer, candy bars, and ice cream had recently been restocked. While other officers proceeded with the search, Officer David Wamsley advised Khondaker of his Miranda rights and placed him under arrest. According to Wamsley, Khondaker appeared to understand his rights as well as what the officers were saying to him. Wamsley then questioned Khondaker about his knowledge of the items found in the store, including the guns and drugs. Khondaker admitted knowing where the two handguns and pseudoephedrine were located, but said he was unaware of any illegal drugs in the store. B 8 McCullough testified that the glass pipes recovered from the scene are commonly used to inhale crack cocaine. According to McCullough, drug users utilize scouring pads as filters to hold crack cocaine in place while it is being consumed in the end of glass pipes. Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is a principal ingredient used in the process of converting powdered cocaine into crack cocaine. See Kimbrough v. United States, 128 S. Ct. 558, 556 (2007) (citations omitted). Both the baking soda and the boxes of small plastic bags were located in areas not accessible to customers. -710 9 On September 8, 2005, a federal grand jury returned a five-count indictment against Khondaker, alleging that he knowingly possessed, with the intent to distribute, crack cocaine, cocaine, MDMA, and methamphetamine in violation of 21 U.S.C. � 841(a)(1), and that he knowingly possessed three firearms in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime in violation of 18 U.S.C. � 924(c)(1)(A). 11 Khondaker pleaded not guilty to the indictment and his case proceeded to trial in late November 2005. During a three-day jury trial, the government introduced the testimony of several officers present at the store when the search warrant was executed. 12 The government also called Corporal Harold Wells, a TPD narcotics expert present during the search, to the stand. Wells testified that an individual possessing the amount of drugs recovered at the Seven Days Food Corner would not have left the drugs in the custody of an individual who was not involved in the distribution ring. Such an individual, according to Wells, would attempt to maintain tight control over the drugs in his possession, particularly given their high monetary value and their significance to that individual's income. For his part, Khondaker called two witnesses in his defense: Muhammad Sohail, the deliveryman present at the store when the search warrant was No other store employees, including the "younger Middle-Eastern male" who had previously sold crack cocaine to the CI, were indicted in connection with the raid. 12 11 Officers DeBruin, First, Wamsley, and McCullough testified. -8- executed, and Rasel Khondaker ("Rasel"), Khondaker's son. Sohail told the jury that he was at the convenience store on the evening of August 4, 2005, to deliver a limited amount of merchandise. As a part of the delivery, he gave Khondaker an invoice for which he expected immediate payment. Rasel took the witness stand next. He explained that there was a large amount of cash at the store that evening because the Khondaker family usually paid cash for merchandise deliveries. He stated that approximately $400 to $500 of the $2,359 recovered from under the counter was on hand to pay for Sohail's delivery, and that an additional $1,500 was to pay for another merchandise delivery expected either that evening or the following day. Rasel also testified that his brother Sohel Khondaker ("Sohel"), Khondaker's other son and the primary owner of the store, was originally scheduled to replace Khondaker as the store clerk at 7:00 p.m. on August 4, but that he did not arrive before the police executed the warrant. On cross-examination and after admitting knowledge of the two handguns recovered from the store, Rasel then explained that the store had been robbed at gunpoint the year before Khondaker was arrested. At the close of the government's case in chief and again at the close of all the evidence, Khondaker moved for a judgment of acquittal on the four counts of possession with intent to distribute. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 29. He argued that, as a matter of law, there was insufficient evidence for a jury to find that he had the intent to distribute the drugs recovered at the store. Finding "substantial evidence -9- from which a reasonable jury could infer that [Khondaker] possessed with the intent to distribute the narcotics" identified in the indictment, the district court denied his motions. Khondaker's defense to the jury was based largely on the argument that he was the wrong person for the government to put on trial for these particular drugs. As a mere employee of the store, he was simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. Had he not been at the convenience store when the officers executed the search warrant, he never would have been arrested and charged. Moreover, according to Khondaker, the government never put forth any direct evidence that he was involved in any specific drug sales. Neither the CI, nor any of the officers who testified, ever observed Khondaker take part in a drug transaction. Unpersuaded by these arguments, the jury found Khondaker guilty on all five counts, and the district court later sentenced Khondaker to 97 months' imprisonment on the four drug counts and 60 months' imprisonment on the firearms count, with the sentences to run consecutively. Khondaker now timely appeals both his jury conviction and his resulting sentence. II Khondaker primarily contends on appeal that the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient to convict him of any of the five counts charged. "We review sufficiency of the evidence claims de novo, asking only whether, taking the evidence--both direct and circumstantial, together with the reasonable inferences -10- to be drawn therefrom--in the light most favorable to the government, a reasonable jury could find [defendant] guilty beyond a reasonable doubt." 13 United States v. Allen, 235 F.3d 482, 492 (10th Cir. 2000) (quotations omitted). In reviewing the evidence in this light, we do not inquire into the jury's credibility determinations or its conclusions regarding the weight of the evidence. Id. Moreover, the evidence presented "need not conclusively exclude every other reasonable hypothesis and need not negate all possibilities except guilt." United States v. Bowen, 437 F.3d 1009, 1014 (10th Cir. 2006) (quotations omitted). It need only reasonably support the jury's finding that the defendant is guilty of the crimes charged beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. A We begin by reviewing the evidence adduced in support of the four counts of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute. On this score, the government bore the burden of proving that Khondaker: "(1) possessed the controlled substance; (2) knew he possessed the controlled substance; and (3) Although Khondaker did not move for a judgment of acquittal with respect to the firearms count of the indictment, his failure does not in practice affect our standard of review with respect to the sufficiency of the evidence on that count. When reviewing a claim of insufficient evidence that was not properly raised at trial, we technically review the claim for plain error. United States v. Cox, 929 F.2d 1511, 1514 (10th Cir. 1991). Nevertheless, because "a conviction in the absence of sufficient evidence of guilt is plainly an error, clearly prejudiced the defendant, and almost always creates manifest injustice," United States v. Goode, 483 F.3d 676, 681 n.1 (10th Cir. 2007), the two standards are functionally equivalent, Cox, 929 F.2d at 1514. -11- 13 intended to distribute or dispense the controlled substance." United States v. McKissick, 204 F.3d 1282, 1291 (10th Cir. 2000); see 21 U.S.C. � 841(a)(1). According to Khondaker, the evidence adduced at trial was insufficient to support any of the three elements. We cannot agree. Although the jurors were required to draw several inferences from the evidence presented, the evidence was sufficient--when considered in combination--for a reasonable jury to find Khondaker guilty beyond a reasonable doubt on each of the four drug counts. 1 As to the possession element, Khondaker contends that the government failed to prove that he had either actual or constructive possession of the drugs recovered. Specifically, he argues that because other employees worked at the convenience store, the jury could not reasonably infer that he, rather than another employee, possessed the drugs. Possession of a controlled substance may be either actual or constructive. United States v. Reece, 86 F.3d 994, 996 (10th Cir. 1996). Actual possession of an item exists when a person has direct physical control over that item. United States v. Jameson, 478 F.3d 1204, 1209 (10th Cir. 2007). Constructive possession exists when a person "knowingly holds the power and ability to exercise dominion and control over it." United States v. Lopez, 372 F.3d 1207, 1211 (10th Cir. 2004) (citations omitted). Dominion, control, and knowledge may all generally be inferred when the defendant has exclusive possession of the premises -12- where the item is located. Bowen, 437 F.3d at 1014 (citation omitted). When contraband may be attributed to more than one person, however, as in a case of joint occupancy of a premises, the government bears a higher burden of proof. United States v. Michel, 446 F.3d 1122, 1128 (10th Cir. 2006). It must show "some nexus, link, or other connection between the defendant and the contraband." Reece, 86 F.3d at 996. That nexus cannot be based on proximity alone, and requires either direct or circumstantial evidence that the defendant had knowledge of, and access to, the contraband. Jameson, 478 F.3d at 1209-10. Although the government failed to present evidence that the drugs were in Khondaker's actual possession, it did present circumstantial evidence cumulatively sufficient to show that Khondaker constructively possessed them. The vast majority of the drugs discovered were located in extremely close proximity to Khondaker's post, either directly below the cash register or concealed in cigarette boxes above the counter. Other testimony showed that although Khondaker was not the only employee who worked at the store, he had the ability to exercise control over the drugs as he was the sole employee serving customers on the day he was arrested. In addition, Khondaker reached under the counter, where the drugs were later located, immediately before the raid occurred. This action tends to show Khondaker's ability to access the drugs, provides an inference of his knowledge of their presence, and proves his ability to exercise control over them. From these facts, the jury could have inferred a link between -13- Khondaker and the drugs seized sufficient to find that Khondaker had constructive possession of them. 2 A jury could also have reasonably concluded that Khondaker knowingly possessed the drugs. First, DeBruin testified that the CI initially told him that drugs could be purchased from either a father or son employed at the store, and the jury could have reasonably inferred that the CI's description of a "father" was actually a reference to Khondaker. Further, as an employee that worked at the store regularly, including on the day of his arrest, Khondaker had a substantial amount of time to be exposed to the items under the counter. As Officer First noted, the area behind the counter was extremely small, such that only one individual could reasonably fit there. Khondaker was thus often alone behind the counter near where the drugs were eventually discovered, and the jury could have reasonably inferred that he was aware and had knowledge of the items that were later recovered. Next, McCullough testified that he saw Khondaker reaching under the counter in the moments before the uniformed SID team entered the store. Khondaker was also extremely reluctant to put his hands up and instead repeatedly appeared to put his hands below the counter level when officers first sought to detain him. Both of these actions give rise to an inference that Khondaker knew about the contraband below the counter. Finally, the jury also -14- heard Wells testify that a drug dealer would normally not entrust a substantial amount of drugs to someone not involved in the distribution ring. Coupled with the circumstantial testimony presented by the other officers, this testimony provided the jury with a sufficient basis upon which it could conclude that Khondaker knowingly possessed the drugs recovered from the store. 3 As for the intent to distribute element, Khondaker asserts that the government failed to introduce direct evidence that he was involved in any specific drugs sales. He points to the following gaps in the government's direct proof of his intent to distribute: (1) The CI made the controlled purchases from a store employee other than Khondaker; (2) No eyewitnesses testified that Khondaker sold them drugs; and (3) No officers testified that they observed Khondaker make any specific drug sales. Although our review of the record reveals that Khondaker is correct in his characterization of the government's lack of direct evidence, we cannot agree that these gaps have any effect on Khondaker's conviction. It is not the evidence that the government failed to introduce that governs our inquiry; rather, it is the evidence that was introduced, direct or circumstantial, that we must consider. Reviewing that evidence on the record before us, as well as the reasonable inferences derived therefrom, we conclude that a reasonable jury could have found that Khondaker intended to distribute the drugs recovered at the convenience store. -15- In Allen, we recognized four factors that will often support a conclusion that a defendant possessing drugs does so with the intent to distribute them: "(1) the amount of the drugs; (2) the way they are packaged; (3) the presence of cash; and (4) the presence of firearms." 235 F.3d at 492. We have also noted a fifth relevant factor: The presence of drug paraphernalia in close proximity to drugs. See, e.g., United States v. Verners, 53 F.3d 291, 294 (10th Cir. 1995). In this case, the government put forth evidence as to each of these five factors. First, officers found a large quantity of drugs at the Seven Days Food Corner. They discovered 44.38 grams of cocaine base, 16.46 grams of cocaine powder, 7.24 grams of methamphetamine, and 77 tablets of MDMA. These quantities, coupled with the variety of controlled substances recovered, gave the jury a substantial basis for concluding that the drugs were for retail distribution, rather than personal use. See United States v. Pulido-Jacobo, 377 F.3d 1124, 1131 (10th Cir. 2004) ("[A] jury may infer intent to distribute from the possession of large quantities of drugs."); see also United States v. McIntyre, 997 F.2d 687, 708 (10th Cir. 1993). Second, Wells testified that many of the drugs found under the counter or on top of it were packaged for resale. He stated that some of the crack-cocaine rocks and MDMA tablets recovered were individually packaged inside small plastic bags located in cigarette boxes, and that the amount found inside each bag was consistent with a quantity that would normally be sold to an individual -16- customer. He also testified as to the presence of additional plastic bags, each of approximately two square inches, that are frequently used by drug dealers for packaging or repackaging drugs for distribution. Third, over $2,300 in cash was stored inside a cigar box underneath the cash register and near the vast majority of the drugs recovered. See Verners, 53 F.3d at 294 (reasoning that the presence of "large amounts of cash" in close proximity to drugs, drug paraphernalia, and firearms provides an inference of intent to distribute). That currency was mostly in small bills, including ones, fives, tens, and twenties; denominations that give rise to an inference that the currency represented proceeds from the retail sale of drugs. 14 See, e.g., United States v. Lauder, 409 F.3d 1254, 1260 (10th Cir. 2005). Finally, all of the drugs were discovered within several feet of three firearms and a substantial amount of drug paraphernalia frequently used in the manufacture, distribution, and consumption of drugs. These "tools of the drug trade," most of which were located behind the counter where Khondaker was working, included rolling papers, razor blades, digital scales, glass pipes, scouring pads, baking soda, a large quantity of small bags, and pseudoephedrine. United States v. Triana, 477 F.3d 1189, 1195 (10th Cir. 2007) (concluding that a Although Rasel Khondaker testified that the cash was on hand to pay distributors for expected deliveries of merchandise, the jury was entitled to find his testimony not credible or otherwise accord it little weight in reaching its verdict. See Allen, 235 F.3d at 492. -17- 14 jury could infer an intent to distribute drugs from the presence of "scales, glass pipes, and ziploc baggies"). In addition to presenting evidence on each of these five factors, the government also introduced several other kernels of circumstantial evidence furthering its showing of an intent to distribute. For example, DeBruin testified that he observed six to eight individuals walk into the store during the hours immediately preceding the execution of the search warrant, and that none carried any normal convenience store purchases when they left the store. Relatedly, several officers also testified that many of the items on the store shelves appeared to be outdated and were covered in dust, and that several boxes of merchandise appeared to be faded from the sun. The jury reasonably could have inferred from this testimony that the convenience store was in the business of selling drugs to the exclusion of conventional merchandise. Furthermore, McCullough, who was in the store immediately prior to execution of the search warrant, testified that he observed a customer come to the counter, presumably to make a purchase. He noted that Khondaker began reaching under the counter and that the observed transaction only ceased when the SID team arrived. The jury could have inferred from this testimony that Khondaker was reaching for the drugs that police later found directly under the counter to sell some to the customer. Although individually insufficient to prove this element, each of these additional pieces of -18- evidence strengthened the government's assertion that Khondaker intended to distribute the drugs at issue. In sum, we conclude that, when assembled together, the pieces of evidence presented were sufficient to form a picture from which the jury could have reasonably concluded that Khondaker possessed the drugs at issue, that he did so knowingly, and that he had the intent to distribute them. B As to the final count of conviction, Khondaker asserts that the evidence presented at trial was insufficient to support either the "in furtherance" element of 18 U.S.C. � 924(c), or the underlying drug trafficking crime required for conviction. As explained above, we have already concluded that the evidence adduced at trial was sufficient to convict Khondaker under the first four counts of the indictment. Consequently, we need only inquire whether the evidence was sufficient to satisfy the "in furtherance" element of the � 924(c)(1) violation for which he was convicted. To establish that a firearm has been used in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime, the government must prove some nexus between the possession of the firearm and the drug trafficking activity. United States v. Avery, 295 F.3d 1158, 1179-80 (10th Cir. 2002). That nexus can be shown if the government introduces evidence that the firearm "furthered, promoted or advanced" the underlying drug crime. United States v. Robinson, 435 F.3d 1244, 1251 (10th -19- Cir. 2006) (quoting United States v. Iiland, 254 F.3d 1264, 1274 (10th Cir. 2001)). This burden can be met by introducing evidence that the defendant intended to keep the firearm available for use during a drug transaction. United States v. Basham, 268 F.3d 1199, 1208 (10th Cir. 2001). "Such intent would necessarily be subject to proof by circumstantial evidence . . . ." Id. Several factors may facilitate circumstantial proof of this intent, including: "(1) the type of drug activity being conducted, (2) the accessibility of the firearm, (3) the type of firearm, (4) the legal status of the firearm, (5) whether the firearm is loaded, (6) the proximity of the firearm to drugs or drug profits, and (7) the time and circumstances under which the firearm is found." Robinson, 435 F.3d at 1251 (citation omitted). In the case before us, each of the seven factors, save the fourth, 15 tends to show that the firearms in the store were kept available for use during a drug transaction. The evidence presented showed the existence of an apparently large scale drug operation. Officers uncovered at least four distinct types of controlled substances, packaged for retail sale, as well as paraphernalia consistent with both the manufacture and distribution of the drugs recovered. All three of the firearms seized were located within four feet of where Khondaker was standing when he was apprehended and in close proximity to the drugs; the two handguns were The record is silent on the legal status of the three firearms recovered during the raid. -20- 15 found lying in the open directly below the cash register at roughly waist level, and the shotgun was found underneath a nearby counter. The shotgun handle was protruding out from under the counter and was pointed directly towards Khondaker so that he, or another store employee, could easily access it. Each of the firearms was also loaded with ammunition, and the .38 semiautomatic handgun was chamber loaded, meaning that it was ready to be fired immediately. Moreover, all three of the firearms were found in close proximity to the drugs and to the $2,359 in cash that officers recovered. Taken together, these facts provide sufficient circumstantial evidence to prove that Khondaker intended to have the firearms available for use during potential drug transactions, and that they were thus possessed in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime. 16 See, e.g., United States v. Brooks, 438 F.3d 1231, 1238 (10th Cir. 2006) (upholding a � 924(c)(1) conviction where a "loaded revolver was found within ten feet of the recovered evidence of an active methamphetamine laboratory"); Robinson, 435 F.3d at 1251 (affirming a � 924(c)(1) conviction where "the firearm was a fully loaded and Khondaker contends that he, together with the other employees of the store, possessed these firearms as a means of protection from the threat of robbery. He points to Rasel's testimony that a robbery occurred at the Seven Days Food Corner the year prior to Khondaker's arrest. He also notes that the guns behind the counter were there to abate the threat of any future robberies, and that the store was located in a high-crime area. Plausible as these arguments may be, we are obliged to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the government. See Allen, 235 F.3d at 492. Seeing the evidence in that light, we conclude, as discussed above, that the totality of the evidence presented is sufficient for a reasonable jury to find that Khondaker possessed the weapons at issue in furtherance of drug-trafficking activities. -2116 chambered high-powered rifle easily within reach" and was located "in close proximity to drug paraphernalia"); United States v. Lott, 310 F.3d 1231, 1247 (10th Cir. 2002) ("[T]he placement of a loaded, semi-automatic weapon on the driver's seat of a car in which the instrumentalities of methamphetamine manufacturing were also found is sufficient evidence from which a jury could conclude that the purpose of the gun was to provide defense or deterrence in furtherance of attempting to manufacture methamphetamine."); Avery, 295 F.3d at 1180 (upholding a � 924(c)(1) conviction where "five weapons were found in a home from which [the defendant] admitted that he had sold cocaine" in close proximity to cash and cocaine). III Finally, Khondaker raises a Sixth Amendment challenge to our circuit's use of an appellate presumption of reasonableness for those sentences falling within a properly calculated United States Sentencing Guidelines range. See United States v. Kristl, 437 F.3d 1050 (10th Cir. 2006). He does not, however, raise any specific objection to the reasonableness of his within-Guidelines sentence. In Rita v. United States, 127 S. Ct. 2456, 2463-68 (2007), decided subsequent to briefing in this case, the Supreme Court explicitly sanctioned our circuit's adoption of an appellate presumption of reasonableness for sentences falling within a correctly calculated Guidelines range. That decision, when read -22- together with our opinion in Kristl, necessarily forecloses Khondaker's sentencing argument. IV Because we hold that there was sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find Khondaker guilty beyond a reasonable doubt on all five counts, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court. ENTERED FOR THE COURT Carlos F. Lucero Circuit Judge -23-


Brian Solis's latest Conversation Prism illustrates the increasing complexity of Social Media content management.
Brian Solis recently updated his hugely popular Conversation Social Prism which charts the best known channels in the social media spectrum.
Dozens of major social channels have been categorized under 26 distinct headings representing social's broad range of interests. The list includes the best known, not every social channel on the web.
It's an eye-opening experience trying to comprehend the near limitless opportunities he presents while deciding on priorities. To get an idea of how far digital media has come, you might want to compare his prism to my web universe sketched only four years ago.
The two most popular platforms for individualized content publishing are brand-here-dot-com websites and/or blogs.
Blogs are dynamic, while publishing as a straight html web page tends to be more cumbersome even though it allows greater flexibility. It's a trade-off that should be considered with an eye towards time management, creative skills, and frequency.
Social sites are also widely used for content, but are restricted in one form or another as to length and type of content. To put all your eggs in one basket, i.e. Facebook, places the cart before the horse. Pinterest, SlideShare, YouTube, Behance, and others offer a wide variety of options as well as optimized content management. But none offer the overall flexibility of a native domain. Further, crawling and indexing social sites may not be as optimal as a dedicated site.
Publishing Content Management System (CMS) web site or blog usually means a one-look theme that's template based. I publish to both platforms: HTML material to my site, and this blog for short updates like this. What this means is that my dot-com web platform maintains a consistent look with the option of inserting one-off pages if desired.
Most small businesses should find blogging only very well suited to establishing a reputation for customized content, especially if that blog is self-hosted.
Once you've decided on a workflow and have begun publishing, the next step is promoting that quality content. Today, that means social media and email.
While it's obviously impossible to cover the entire spectrum of social media, the trick is to focus on a half-dozen or fewer sites and make sure they're well integrated into your prime channel.
This entry was posted in marketing and promotion and tagged content, google, seo on August 26, 2013 by John Siebenthaler.
Cute names aside, Google's algorithms known as Panda, Penguin and who knows what's next, are getting smarter. That's good news for site operators who value creativity in their quest for SERP rank.
It's important to keep Google's goals in the proper context: their consumer is the person who enters a search term and expects to find a quality site in return. Google's concern is not about individual sites, or the size of those sites.
Attention is focused on the individual consumer and how satisfied they are with the results of their inquiry – in short, how well does the search result match up with the consumer's anticipated result.
My own site, Siebenthalercreative.com, has been well received by Google for a number of years for search relating to powersports marketing. The SERP results are fairly consistent, and seem to support the general consensus that quality content is recognized and rewarded by Google.
My site is nowhere near the largest nor the most active within the power and motorsports community.
It also doesn't get any advantage from having a sought after search term – in this case, "powersports" – in the domain or page URLs, or even in site directories. If that's been the major thrust of your search strategy, Google has indicated it may not be enough in the future.
My goal since launching the site back in 2002 has been to create an easily navigable property within which is stored a variety of generalized information and industry specific updates, using a combination of individual pages and self-hosted blog posts.
The result, after trying to pay attention to the hints and suggestions Google shares with their audience of webmasters, is consistently ranking on page one for searches involving the main marketing functions within the powersports community, including social media.
This entry was posted in marketing and promotion, powersports and tagged content, google, page rank, seo, serp on July 8, 2013 by John Siebenthaler.
Trying to achieve page rank by relying on a domain name stuffed with keywords just got a lot harder. In an update unrelated to Panda, which puts more emphasis on well designed and written quality content, Google's latest algorithm begins to make the practice of keyword-defined URLs obsolete and thus encouraging (forcing?) content managers to develop rank organically by adding meaningful content.
It works for me. Googling "powersports (advertising – marketing – pr)" usually results in page one rank for Siebenthaler Creative. In September 2012 screen grab below Siebenthaler Creative is the only SERP that doesn't have "powersports" in the URL. This query returned two of my pages based on "powersports advertising," more on subsequent SERPs. Bottom line: if the goal is to be seen by as many as possible, you need a strategy that doesn't depend on shortcuts, and one that can survive and adapt over time.
This entry was posted in digital media, marketing and promotion and tagged google, marketing, seo, social media on October 4, 2012 by John Siebenthaler.
Two aspects of internet strategy have consistently made headlines in the year just passed: social media and search engine optimization.
We've been working hard in both areas and we're pleased to see our efforts pay off with an earned number three page one ranking for the search term "powersports advertising" (minus the quotes). This is significant because neither "powersports" or "advertising" are part of the site URL.
What's it mean? That anyone looking for powersports advertising help online will see us in the top five. Meanwhile we've just rebuilt the site and are looking forward to adding new content and interactivity over the next few months. And we're taking aim on the top spot.
This entry was posted in marketing and promotion, web and tech and tagged google, page rank, search, seo on January 18, 2010 by John Siebenthaler.


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text:
TV Tuesdays: What happens in the library…
Posted on April 10, 2012 by theothercanary
Community is a strange show. There's almost no other adjective that describes the comedy. Except maybe kooky. Or crass. But mostly, it's strange.
Community follows a study group at Greendale Community College and the downright zany situations they find themselves in. (Paintball, anyone?). And luckily for us during this wonderful Library Week, a large part of the show takes place in the library, perfectly fitting our theme. But choosing books for Community fans is no easy feat. Based solely on the people who I know watch the show, we're a really eclectic group. But there is another book-picking solution.
A big part of Community's charm is the characters. The NBC staple is full of people who have such over-the-top characterizations that it's impossibly easy to pick out a book for each of them to love and cherish. Ever think you are just like Annie (or Troy or Shirley)? Then these books are for you:
For Jeff Winger: I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell by Tucker Max
Hands down, this was the easiest character to pick a title for. Jeff Winger — hipster, womanizer, ego-maniac — meet your match in Tucker Max, the man who single-handedly brought the world of blog-world of frat humor into the literary world. I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell is a collection of stories about Max's exploits, and while presented in a way that is funny and engaging, they also sort of make you feel like scum for even being part of the same species as this guy.
An excerpt from the introduction of the book is proof enough:
My name is Tucker Max, and I am an asshole. I get excessively drunk at inappropriate times, disregard social norms, indulge every whim, ignore the consequences of my actions, mock idiots and posers, sleep with more women than is safe or reasonable, and just generally act like a raging dickhead. But, I do contribute to humanity in one very important way: I share my adventures with the world.
For Britta Perry: Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand
I've never read Atlas Shrugged. (CanaryTheFirst will surely flay me for that.) I actually have almost no idea what it is about besides the fact that trains are definitely involved. I do know that while I was getting my mind blown by Ender's Game in high school, my super literary friends were having the same experience with Atlas Shrugged.
It's one of those books, one that has such an impact on a formative mind that the reader simply cannot shut up about it to absolutely everyone they meet. And we all know that's precisely what Britta will be doing after reading this book. She will march out into the world and tell them about the evils of corporation (or is that the other way around?) and sexist tendencies in every walk of life and all of the things that we definitely maybe need to hear.
For Abed Nadir: Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card
No, it's not just because Abed is a quintessiental antisocial nerd. He has a career to think about, people. The budding film director would surely be thinking about his own take on the film adaptation of the scifi classic.
Set in a fairly distance future, Ender's Game follows Ender Wiggin, a six-year-old recruit to Battle School, a place where the military trains the future leaders of the galactic army. Lurking on the edge of the gritty, highly-psychological story is the threat of another Bugger invasion. And who wouldn't want to see Abed's version of a Bugger?
Imagine the cast: Annie as Valentine, Jeff as Peter, Britta as a bugger, Pierce as a Bonzo, and Chang with his youthful baby face as Ender. Brilliant.
For Troy Barnes: Those books over there!
Troy is the Constable Reginald Wigglesworth to Abed's Inspector Spacetime. And you know his books list is full of just atrocious B-movie-grade scifi trash that we all secretly love.
And we know he wouldn't just pick one.
For Pierce Hawthorne: Native Son by Richard Wright
Pierce tries. He really does.
The sexist and wildly racist comments he makes are just because he is a product of a different generation. Either that or he's really just an asshole at heart. So what better way to try and break through the stereotypes than read one of the most influential pieces of African-American literature: Native Son.
Wright's story is about a young African-American who murders a white woman in 1930s Chicago. It covers a whole range of topics in which Pierce certainly could use some enlightenment: poverty, race, gender, etc.
Though…I think it's safe to assume he'll miss the point entirely.
For Shirley Bennett: One for the Money by Janet Evanovich
Ha, you all thought it would be a hardcore Christian book like the bible, didn't you? But I think when Shirley sits down to read, she picks up a book with a badass female heroine who is full of wit and humor. And there is hardly another character out there that fits the description better than Stephanie Plum, Evanovich's break out star of a protagonist.
One for the Money is Plum's first adventure. It follows the tell-it-like-it-is New Jersian as she embarks on a career for which she has absolutely no training: a bail bonds woman. Full of hilarious characters, action and flirtation galore, it's a perfect read for any woman looking for a kindred spirit.
For Annie Edison: The Know-it-all by AJ Jacobs
The subtitle for Jacobs' story is "one man's humble quest to become the smartest person in the world." Now doesn't that sound like a pursuit worthy of Annie?
The true story follows Jacobs' attempt to read the entire Encyclopedia Britannica. For a generation that has abandoned the book for the likes of Wikipedia, the feat could not be more daunting: 33,000 pages, 44 million words. It's an insane quest, something that only someone with Annie's determination could ever hope to pull off. It's one of my favorite pieces of nonfiction that weaves personal story with education, humor and curiosity.
I recommend it for anyone who has ever attempted to know something about everything.
What do you think of Community? What other books would those characters be checking out?
Next week, we will be featuring Game of Thrones. Are you a fan? Send in your Game of Thrones recommendations and they might find their way into our next TV Tuesday feature!
Past TV Tuesday features:
Person of Interest–and some books of interest
Castle, with a side of Heat Wave
Supernatural, and a few books to hunt down
This entry was posted in TV and tagged books, community, humor, reading, show, television. Bookmark the permalink.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lollywood has released about 10 Urdu films this year, the highest ever in more than three decades.
Lollywood – an unofficial name of the industry, centred around Lahore – has released about 10 Urdu films this year, the highest ever in more than three decades. These films have explored genres ranging from romance and comedy to drama and tragedy, receiving both critical acclaim and commercial success.
And on September 11, one of the most awaited films arrived in theatres across Pakistan.
Manto is based on the life and times of author Saadat Hasan Manto. The feature film – which some are calling Pakistan's first biopic – chronicles the last seven years of the author in the newly created Pakistan of the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Khoosat is also among the clutch of Pakistani television veterans who have infused Lollywood with new life – and driven a string of ambitious productions this year.
For the first time in decades, three films released on Pakistan's Independence Day – Dekh Magar Pyaar Say, Moor and Shah. Earlier on Eid, two films – Bin Roye and Wrong No. – hit the theatres.
But Pakistani audiences were treated to more than just extravagant potboilers. In May, 3 Bahadur – the first Urdu 3D computer-animated film – hit the screens.
Yet, unlike Bollywood's million-dollar budgets, Pakistani films are being crafted with much smaller sums. And despite a limited number of screens – a little more than 70 – across the country, they more or less are managing to break even.
A decade ago, in 2003, not a single Urdu film was made in Pakistan.
It was in the 1980s that Pakistan's thriving cinema abruptly collapsed after a populist regime was replaced by General Zia-ul-Haq's military dictatorship. Under his rule, the Pakistani mainstream film industry died a slow death. Even cinema halls started closing down, one after another.
A new censorship policy was put in place. The laws were more stringent towards the content in Urdu films, as opposed to Punjabi and Pashto films, which continued to flourish. In the few cinema houses that remained, these films – with mostly violent content – were shown for a predominantly working class audience.
"By the early 2000s, an industry that once produced an average of 80 films annually was now struggling to even churn out more than two films a year," journalist Nadeem F. Paracha wrote in the Dawn newspaper.
In contrast, Bollywood flourished as it "managed to find a whole new audience: the Indian diaspora in the US, Europe and the Middle East," Paracha wrote in another report.
Finally, under General Pervez Musharraf in the 2000s, the import of Indian films – which hadn't been allowed for more than three decades –changed the course for the Pakistani film industry.
"Indian films revived the cinema-going culture in Pakistan," Rafay Mahmood, film critic at the Express Tribune, told Quartz. Soon, the number of screens started rising steadily to showcase Indian imports – and young and independent Pakistani filmmakers were encouraged to try again.
In 2007, Pakistan's Khuda Kay Liye – produced and directed by Shoaib Mansoor – was successfully released across 27 screens. It was the biggest domestic film in Urdu in a long time, and it also became the first Pakistani film to be released in India in 40 years.
Mansoor's target audience was the new generation of cinema-goers who were more familiar with Bollywood than the Pakistani films of the past, the television veteran explained in a 2013 interview.
"The whole nineties generation in Pakistan grew up without cinema. We only had childhood stories from our parents, as we accessed Bollywood and select Hollywood films on pirated CDs and DVDs," Mahmood recalled.
The success of a Pakistani film gave courage to producers, exhibitors and distributors, who saw a glimmer of profitability in the industry. Still, it took another four years for Mansoor's second film, Bol, to release in 2011.
By then, however, 11 new screens had come up, taking the total to 38 screens nationwide. Two years on, Bollywood film Race 2 became the first to cross the 10 crore Pakistani rupees mark – roughly the country's equivalent of Bollywood's Rs100 crore club. "With Race 2's success, many became film trade analysts overnight," observed Mahmood.
Later in 2013, Waar – a film about a retired army officer returning to foil a terrorist plot – turned out to be a blockbuster, raking in more than 20 crore Pakistani rupees. The same year, Pakistan sent its first entry to the Oscars in decades.
This year alone, three films – Bin Roye, Karachi Se Lahore and Wrong No. – have entered the elite 10 crore Pakistani rupee club, Mandviwalla told Quartz.
The Pakistani audience and its loyalty towards local Urdu films were also key in the industry's revival.
Interestingly, instead of borrowing from quintessential Bollywood films with songs and dance, Pakistani filmmakers are inspired by Iranian filmmakers, according to filmmaker Jamshed Mahmood Raza. Raza's film, Moor, based on the railway business in Baluchistan, is Pakistan's entry for the Oscars this year.
This entry was posted on September 21, 2015, 3:25 am and is filed under Pakistan. You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


A perfectly original, unusual way to decorate your cakes! Made of high quality metal in a country cream shade, with a colourful cupcake design and ornate, wire-tied feet, this beautiful cake stand is perfect for cupcakes, afternoon tea, sandwiches and more - or simply as a beautiful decorative accessory for your kitchen. With shades of green, pink and cream on the cake base, it's ideal for a shabby chic or French country style interior, and sure to impress your guests as an unusual serving platter tray.


Here's another awesome sauce from Cat Daddy's Cookery where they strive to provide tasty products that have wonderful flavor and moderate heat. CatDaddy's Peri Peri Sauce is a blend of vinegar, Peri Peri peppers, serrano peppers, salt, sugar, tomato paste, Peri Peri pepper powder, tapioca starch, spices and vanilla extract that's great for chicken, eggs, pork, hot dogs, seafood, tacos or use your imagination.
Ideal For: Chicken, eggs, pork, hot dogs, seafood, tacos or use your imagination.


Floral Robes are an ideal gift for bridesmaids, the bride to be or even as a birthday gift! These delicate robes come with a large floral print and are made of soft polyester satin. Each robe comes with a matching belt for the outside and a small tie closure on the inside.


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Het Hultsfred Festival (Zweeds: Hultsfredsfestivalen) is een jaarlijks rockfestival in Hultsfred, Zweden. Het vindt plaats aan het meer Hulingen. Met 30.000 bezoekers (2006) is het het grootste rockfestival van Zweden.

Het Hultsfred Festival werd voor het eerst georganiseerd in 1986 en is sindsdien gegroeid tot het grootste en populairste muziekfestival in Zweden. Het festival concentreert zich niet op een specifieke muziekstijl maar biedt ruimte voor een heel scala aan verschillende artiesten. Het aantal bezoekers is vanaf de start gegroeid van 7.500 tot 32.000 in 2005. De laatste jaren neemt het bezoekersaantal weer af. In 2010 kwam de organisatie van het festival in problemen doordat 2 weken voor de start van het festival slechts 5.000 kaarten waren verkocht. Om die reden werd het Hultsfred Festival in 2010 afgelast. Op 2 februari 2011 werd echter medegedeeld dat de editie van 2011 weer doorgang zou vinden.

De eerste 10 jaar werd het festival gehouden in het 2e weekeinde van augustus, gedurende 2 dagen. Vanaf 1993 duurde het festival drie dagen. Van 1996 tot 2008 vond het festival plaats in het weekeinde voor de midzomernacht. In 2009 verhuisde de datum naar het 2e weekeinde van juli. Bezoekers van het festival kunnen kamperen op Hultsfreds Camping en sinds enkele jaren worden ook de akkers rond de camping gebruikt als kampeerterrein.

Optredens
2012
The Cure - The Stone Roses - The xx - Slash - Eagles of Death Metal - Anna Ternheim - The Cardigans - Gorillaz Sound System - Justice - Mumford & Sons (afgelast) - Kasabian - Marina and the Diamonds - Garbage - James Blake - The Kooks - M83 - Noah and the Whale - Frank Turner - Future Islands - Stay+ - Ewert and The Two Dragons - The Soundtrack of Our Lives - Fink

2011
Morrissey - The Prodigy - Crystal Castles - Primal Scream - Beach House - Suede - MF Doom - OFWGKTA - Foster the People - White Lies - Les Savy Fav - Erasure - Duck Sauce - Raised Fist - Bootsy Collins - Nashville Pussy - Washed Out

2010 (afgelast)
Scissor Sisters - NAS & Damian Marley - Deftones - Erykah Badu - Empire of the Sun - Kent - The Hives - 30 Seconds to Mars - Killswitch Engage - The Ting Tings - We Are Scientists

2009
Madness - The Killers - Regina Spektor - Lenka - Lars Winnerbäck (x4) - Maia Hirasawa - Timbuktu - Takida - Anna Ternheim - Kings of Leon - Franz Ferdinand - Dropkick Murphys - Ice Cube - Ludacris

2008
Rage Against the Machine - Serj Tankian - Babyshambles - Blood Red Shoes - Håkan Hellström - The Hives - Danko Jones - Robyn - HIM - The Donnas - Mustasch - Paramore - The Haunted - Linkin Park (afgelast) - Dead by April

2007
Ozzy Osbourne - KoRn - 50 Cent - Pet Shop Boys - Velvet Revolver - Black Label Society - Turbonegro - The Ark - Manic Street Preachers - Wolfmother - Evanescence - Amy Winehouse - Sahara Hotnights

2006
The Strokes - Kent - Lou Reed - Deftones - Pharrell - The Cardigans - In Flames - Gnarls Barkley - The Soundtrack of Our Lives - The Sounds - Alice in Chains - Blindside - Backyard Babies - KoRn

2005
Marilyn Manson - Snoop Dogg - System of a Down - Nine Inch Nails - Slipknot - Slayer - The Hives - The Mars Volta - Millencolin - Tori Amos - The Hellacopters - Turbonegro

2004
Morrissey - Alicia Keys - Mary J. Blige - Kris Kristofferson - Hatebreed - 3 Doors Down - Pixies - PJ Harvey - Soulfly - Scissor Sisters - Weeping Willows - Danko Jones

2003
Radiohead - Audioslave - Queens of the Stone Age - Massive Attack - Stereophonics - The Dandy Warhols - The Streets - Counting Crows - Badly Drawn Boy - The Datsuns - Strapping Young Lad - Linkin Park (afgelast, vervangen door In Flames)

2002
Suede - Rammstein - New Order - Chemical Brothers - Slayer - Sonic Youth - Black Rebel Motorcycle Club - Bob Hund - Agnostic Front - Arch Enemy - Starsailor - Ed Hacourt

2001
Iggy Pop - Manic Street Preachers - Weezer - Tool - Faithless - Limp Bizkit - Jello Biafra - The Hives - The Nomads (20th anniversary) - Godsmack - Håkan Hellström - OutKast (afgelast)

2000
Oasis - Rage Against the Machine - Primal Scream - Thåström - Mikael Wiehe - Suicidal Tendencies - Kelis - Deftones - Lars Winnerbäck - Asian Dub Foundation - Muse - Travis (afgelast)

1999
Hole - Suede - Marilyn Manson - Joe Strummer - Monster Magnet - Goo Goo Dolls - Fu Manchu - Bloodhound Gang - HammerFall - Manic Street Preachers - Meshuggah - Orgy (afgelast)

1998
Black Sabbath - Garbage - Eagle-Eye Cherry - Bob Hund - Wilmer X - Rancid - Kent - NOFX - Turbonegro - The Soundtrack of Our Lives

1997
The Prodigy - Suede - Rage Against the Machine - Wu Tang Clan - Daft Punk - Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds - Stereophonics - The Cardigans - Placebo - The Hellacopters - Millencolin - Marilyn Manson (afgelast) - Supergrass (afgelast)

1996
Blur - Björk - Ministry - The Cure - Iggy Pop - Pulp - Bad Religion - The Prodigy - Bruce Dickinson - Fear Factory - Emmylou Harris - Frank Black - Skunk Anansie (afgelast)

1995
Pantera - Slayer - Nationalteatern - Chemical Brothers - Supergrass - the Cardigans - Kent - Millencolin - Beastie Boys (afgelast) - Chris Isaak (afgelast)

1994
Motörhead - Oasis - Blur - Midnight Oil - Die Totenhosen - The Prodigy - Primal Scream - The Verve - Refused - Meshuggah - Bob Hund

1993
Ramones - Iggy Pop - Rollins Band - Stereo MC's - Manic Street Preachers - Sick of It All - Ulf Lundell - Wilmer X - Bob Hund

1992
Gary Moore - The Pretenders - Primal Scream - Blur - The Creeps - Candlemass - Meshuggah - Ramones (afgelast)

1991
The Black Crowes - Thåström - Sven Ingvars - Status Quo (afgelast) - PJ Harvey (afgelast) - Stereo MC's (afgelast)

1990
Joan Jett & The Blackhearts - Nick Lowe - Jungle Brothers - Buzzcocks - Wilmer X - Soul Asylum - The Charlatans - Sator - The Sinners

1989
Van Morrison - Motörhead - Disneyland After Dark (D-A-D) - Katrina and the Waves - Chris Bailey - Jacob Hellman - Candlemass

1988
Joe Strummer and the Latino Rocakabilly War - Eldkvarn - Tone Norum - Stonefunkers - Big Country

1987
Public Image Ltd. - Screamin' Jay Hawkins - Dr. Feelgood - Latin Quarter - The Jesus and Mary Chain

1986
Nils Lofgren - New Model Army - Erasure - Reeperbahn - The Triffids

Externe links
 Officiële website

Muziekfestival

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


WORKERS at an Amazon warehouse in Dunfermline have called in protests by young anti-exploitation activists over working conditions in the wealthy corporation's shipping operation.
The protest comes after complaints from workers to CommonSpace over the use of agencies to employ staff at the company, and "arbitrary" changes to break times and overtime, which they say results in overwork.
Amazon, which is the fourth most valuable corporation in the world, hit the headlines between 2011 and 2013 when investigations revealed poor working conditions in its warehouses from the US to Germany and the UK. Overwork and zero hours contracts were the norm in some warehouses, and the stories of current and former employees brought zero hours contracts, which do not give workers any guaranteed hours or income, to national attention.
Amazon told CommonSpace they no longer use zero hours contracts, but employee complaints of inadequate working conditions continue.
BtZ, founded by young trade unionists to campaign against exploitative working conditions including zero hours contracts and unpaid work, is frequently contacted by young workers complaining about conditions in the service sector.
Speaking to CommonSpace, a unite the union organiser, said: "We are taking action against Amazon as one of the most exploitative employers in the country. As we did with Sports Direct Unite the union are joining forces with Better than Zero to shut down their distribution plant in Dunfermline at the start of Black Friday.
Amazon also said they abide by all legal stipulations regarding the regualrity of breaks, sick pay and other standards.
The demonstration marks the begining of a season of efforts by campaigners to hit the christmas profits of exploitative employers.
Further details of today's protest can be found here.


Car Seat Safety in Winter Car seats are not made to be used with bulky clothes. The thicker the clothing, the looser the harness. In a crash, a loose harness can cause the child to be ejected. The straps of the car-seat harness need to fit snugly against the child's chest. Remember: a shoulder strap that can be pinched will need to be cinched. How to Keep a Child Warm and Safe Use bulky... of your child in their car seat. Place blankets around your child after the harness is snug and secure. Place blankets around your child after the harness is snug and secure. Never leave your child unattended in or around your vehicle.
Members of the news media are invited to cover Academy conferences, where they can learn about the latest advances in pediatric health and medicine.... National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA): Car Seat Recommendations for Children NHTSA: How To Be Cautious with Children Around Your Vehicle (Spanish) Lifespan, Rhode Island's first health system, is a comprehensive, integrated, academic health system affiliated with The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Make sure car seats and booster seats are properly installed and that any children riding with you are in the right car seat, booster seat, or seat belt for their age and size. See NHTSA's child passenger safety recommendations to find out how to select the right seat for your child's age and size.
The Car Seat Lady loves babywearing (just not in cars, of course!) and we know that an essential piece of gear for winter babywearing is a warm carrier cover to keep baby's legs and feet warm. We've used the 7AM Enfant Pookie Poncho and the CatBirdBaby Winter Baby Carrier Cover and loved them both.