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Really, Really Smart Cities
by Cory Leahy | Sep 25, 2017 | Issue 2, Smart City, Stories
At Food+City, we think a lot about the relationship between food and our cities. Now, through the artistry of Josh Cochran, we can look at how food might fit into future urban landscapes and what urban designers now call Smart Cities. We contacted three really, really smart people for their visions of what our food-wise city might look like in the future.
JOHN JUDGE
The president of the Appalachian Mountain Club brought his view of how plants, agriculture and the natural environment could mingle in a city. He envisioned new uses for telephone pole infrastructure as aeroponic poles, vertical gardens to be found every few feet. And he sees car-oriented technology reapplied to food, including parking lot–based planters powered by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles that plug in during working hours; and a just-in-time composting "uber" with sensors that indicate when the bin is full and trigger a self-driving composting barge to come pick it up.
As director of the GustoLab Food Studies Program in Rome, Massari sees an end to restaurants as we know them but no lack of socializing over food. People will prepare food and eat on the go in their driverless cars; and solar-powered food trucks will grow their own ingredients in mobile gardens. City squares and green spaces — some on rooftops — will become open-air gyms and community gardens. And neighborhoods will be equipped with digital vending machines that sell fruit, vegetables, milk and other fresh products. In Massari's future, every flower bed and traffic barrier will become agricultural land. Through an app, all citizens will be able to water plants and take care of these areas. Urban gardens and agricultural areas will be monitored using Information Communication Technologies (ICT) and digital devices. And perhaps most notably, food waste will disappear: All leftover food from supermarkets, kitchens, industries or urban agriculture will be gathered by food collection apps (which will direct food to people who need it) or it will be sold in supermarkets featuring soon-to-expire foods sold at a discount.
LAURIE ZAPALAC
An urban planner who works with cities as centers of innovation and food distribution, Zapalac sees kitchens as hubs of information that feed individual food supply chains. The details of our kitchen inventories will be available on our smart devices, so we avoid buying duplicate bottles of mustard — but also so that grocery delivery services can be truly automated. Along the way, recycling and compostable waste collection will be complementary services to grocery delivery: Containers will be reused rather than recycled (think the return of the milkman), and our food scraps will become the compost feeding the produce that will eventually become our next great meal. Thinking more broadly, in neighborhoods once recognized as food deserts, an expanding network of community foodscapes will combine concepts from the edible education movement with innovative forms of job training — building capacity by strengthening the soil and enhancing the beauty of once depleted communities. These places will also function as stages and urban "dining rooms," providing venues where local culture and local identity can be shared and celebrated.
Food Entrepreneurs Find Continued Success
by Cory Leahy | Sep 25, 2017 | Issue 2, Startup Spotlight, Stories
Whether newly hatched companies or enterprises needing a little help getting to the next level, competitors in the 2016 Food+City Challenge Prize are still going strong. We checked in with three of the Silver Prize winners to hear about their progress.
Carolina Medina found herself in a paradoxical place after competing for the 2013 Hult Prize, a million-dollar seed-capital competition. Her team, which came together for the contest, finished in second place — but the winner took the entire purse. Undeterred, Carolina pressed forward with Agruppa, a company that leverages technology to empower mom-and-pop food vendors by providing produce at wholesale prices, eliminating middlemen. After a successful pilot in Kenya for the Hult Prize, Carolina and a partner brought Agruppa back to her home country of Colombia, and it continues to grow.
Carolina Medina
Agruppa
The basic issue was the cost — not the availability — of food in low-income neighborhoods. In other words, it wasn't that the apples weren't arriving, it's that they were arriving at a very high cost after going through the hands of numerous middlemen, each of whom were taking their cut.
We knew we wanted to make a mobile-based solution where small shops could order directly and bypass the middlemen. Our system aggregates demand for fresh fruit and vegetables from small vendors, creating daily collective orders that add up to wholesale quantities. Vendors are economically empowered, and those living in low-income communities benefit from sustainable access to nutritious food at lower prices.
One of the biggest pivots we had here in Colombia came from the realization that Bogotá is a very large city, and distances are too long for mom-and-pop shops to come to our warehouse and pick up what they ordered the night before. We needed to become a heavy logistics company and incorporate daily deliveries to the shops—Monday through Saturday—into our model.
It was a great pivot because I realized we could be a lot more cost-efficient: It allowed us to increase the capacity of our warehouse rather than create multiple little warehouses all over the city where people would come and pick up their orders.
After bootstrapping with our current ordering channels — WhatsApp, SMS or phone calls — we're ready to build and implement three more sophisticated channels for vendors to order their stock: a personalized app, an integrated voice recognition transactional system and a simple call center for those who are less tech-savvy and for customer service in general. This should also help cut down customer ordering time as well as optimize the logistics behind it all.
And breakeven is on the horizon! Hopefully, with 700 mom-and-pop shops — which we should have by mid- 2017 — we will become self-sustainable!
Ashley Colpaart is a food system innovator whose business helps other food innovators. Inspired by other sharing e conomy businesses — e.g., Uber, Air BNB — The Food Corridor brings together commercial kitchens with excess capacity and nascent food businesses in need of kitchen space. It's a win-win for all players, offering restaurants and school kitchens potential new revenue sources, and giving food producers a foot in the door to develop their products and grow their businesses. In June 2016 Ashley launched The Food Corridor's platform in Colorado, taking on the first stage of building her market of commercial kitchens.
Ashley Colpaart
The Food Corridor
In 2015 I was reviewing applications for Community Food Project Grants to decide who would get funding. Many of the projects wanted to build infrastructure, like processing and distribution centers. But their business plans weren't always very strong, and many lacked an asset mapping of what infrastructure already existed in their community. I was thinking, "How do you know you need to build this facility?"
During that trip, I used Air BnB and Uber for the first time, and it dawned on me that the sharing economy that exists in other sectors hasn't been applied to the food system. Sharing is something we do with food all the time. We break bread together, people have been sharing kitchens for a long time, co-ops started in agriculture — so I thought, why not apply that same model to the food sector? I chose to do it with kitchens because that's where a meal starts.
Our platform development process has been very customer-centric. We beta-tested our software with 12 shared-use kitchens nationally, watching them use the product and listening to them talk about their business models and what features were essential for them. Then we prioritized those features and built them. Something our Food Challenge Prize mentor said really stuck with me: "When you're building a new product, you can build something and maybe people will want it. But if you listen closely to the problem your customer has and build a solution for it, that's when you win."
What's cool about my idea is that it can be applied to any commercial kitchen asset — like refrigerated trucks, or backhauling produce, or freezer or refrigerator space. If a farmer has a bumper crop of tomatoes or there's a hail storm coming that weekend and they want to harvest before they go to market in a few days but they don't have a refrigerator, they could hop on The Food Corridor and find some commercial refrigerator space where they could store it for a few days. I see The Food Corridor becoming a pipeline of innovation for the food industry.
Startup to acquisition is the ideal path for many new businesses. For Real Food Solutions, that milestone came just five months after winning a silver award at the 2016 Food+City Challenge Prize. The Boston-based company, co-founded by Neheet Trivedi, uses existing clinical research to create food-based remedies for everyday ailments, including nausea. In July 2016, they were acquired by Pink Stork Solutions, a company committed to delivering natural products to help alleviate some of the symptoms that come with pregnancy.
Neheet Trivedi
Real Food Solutions
The aha moment was seeing my sister have terrible nausea from morning sickness when she was pregnant. She was reluctant to take medication and wished for a food-based solution that would help with her nausea, be easy to eat and provide nutrition.
I knew I had to partner with somebody who has the skills and background to help build this. Through a mutual friend I met Dr. Rupa Mukherjee, a practicing gastroenterologist, who was very excited by the idea. She had a lot of patients to whom she was recommending food-based solutions, but there wasn't a specific solution or product that she really liked. Our idea was to make products for aspects of health, starting with nausea. My role is "make it happen" — bring experts together, ask the right questions, find the manufacturer, find the customers. So I rely on people like Dr. Mukherjee to provide the input to create our products.
We started doing tests with our nutrition bar on cruise ships for people who get nausea from motion sickness. Demand was so high that we focused more of our marketing and sales efforts on that space and a little less on other forms of nausea. We haven't let pregnant women go by any means, and they're still a focus of the business. We just found our initial market through motion sickness. You focus on different markets based on the skills and tools you have. Business is constantly evolving.
Building a company from scratch is tough. You're competing against incumbents and new companies, you're competing for mind space, for Internet space. You must be thoughtful about how you're differentiating, especially with a consumer product. We have an advantage in that people are looking for our products: They're looking for morning sickness relief, motion sickness relief, nausea relief, so they often find us. But you must do everything you can to make it easy for them to find you — because we have a solution that we know will help them.
The goal with Real Food Solutions was to build a successful business, and there are many ways to do that. You can raise outside funds or remain private and grow a lifestyle-type business. We felt that the timing was right for us to partner with another company that had a great brand and a way to reach more customers than we could alone, and we're excited to join the Pink Stork Solutions team.
On Our Loading Dock
by Cory Leahy | Sep 10, 2017 | Issue 2, Loading Dock, Stories
Our nightstands are loaded with books to read and our laptops are packed with websites to explore and unpack some wisdom about the global food supply chain.
Fresh, A Perishable History
Suzanne Friedberg reveals the historical and cultural development of what "fresh" means. As early as the 1930s, consumers worried about eating too much processed food. For a fascinating look at how consumers' thinking about fresh, frozen, canned and "shelf life" has evolved, this book lays it all out. How we feed cities will build on these histories.
Door to Door, The Magnificent, Maddening, Mysterious World of Transportation
Edward Humes reveals surprising details about how stuff moves around the world. One highlight: You'll get an inside look at the logistics of Domino's Pizza, which has been in the food delivery business for decades. Blue Apron and Instacart, take note.
Biting the Hands that Feed Us: How Fewer, Smarter Laws Would Make Our Food System More Sustainable
Baylen J. Linnekin examines the unintended consequences of well-intentioned food regulations. For example, how grading standards and labeling requirements contribute to the food waste we're trying to reduce. When was the last time you met a lawyer who argued for fewer regulations, and simpler ones at that?
Feeding Gotham, The Political Economy and Geography of Food in New York, 1790 to 1860
Gergely Baics uses sophisticated maps to tell the history of New York's food system over time, showing how market spaces took shape and how food producers such as bakers dispersed themselves over the landscape. It's dense, but if you want to know why your grocery store is where it is today, study the maps and footnotes.
This Brooklyn radio station makes podcasts that explain, celebrate and challenge our views of the food system. "How Great Cities Are Fed," moderated by Karen Karp, includes a conversation with Food+City Director Robyn Metcalfe about food logistics and the supply chain. "What Doesn't Kill You" offers views of food system experts, including Baylen Linnekin, who explores all the complications that occur when trying to feed the world.
Host Tina Antolini explores southern immigrant food culture, including both new and old food traditions. The podcast digs into lesser-known corners of the region, challenges stereotypes, documents new dynamics and gives voice to the unsung folk who grow, cook and serve our daily meals.
Eat This Podcast
This podcast transcends the obvious to explore how the food we eat influences and is influenced by history, archaeology, trade, chemistry, economics, geography, evolution, religion and more.
Films and Television
Tsukiji Wonderland
Soon after it was announced in 2014 that the cramped Tsukiji market would be moving to a larger site in Tokyo's Toyosu neighborhood, filmmaker Naotaro Endo began shooting to commemorate this institution. Interviews with vendors plus commentary from food celebrities make this film a feast for sushi lovers everywhere.
Flowing Data: A Century of Ocean Shipping Animated
Ben Schmidt, an assistant professor of history at Northeastern University, created this seasonal, animated map of shipping paths to show how goods moved from 1750 to 1850 — long before the Panama or Suez canals opened. Imagine how those two shortcuts changed the way food moved around the world.
Food Forward (PBS)
This series appeals to our enthusiasm for visionaries and innovation within the food system. One episode suggests we might consider foraging in the woods for our food. Another visits Cornell's Food and Brand Lab to hear from a food psychologist about how we make food choices.
BLDGBLOG ("Building blog")
Geoff Manaugh is a writer and futurist who connects technology and humans in a way that will get you thinking about the world around you, including food logistics. Grasping the urban built environment is essential to understanding how we feed cities.
Food for Thought: Labelology
by Cory Leahy | Sep 7, 2017 | Issue 2, Maps, Stories
Your fruit and vegetables come with a surprising amount of information about their history and origins. Each sticker has a code printed on it along with the grower's name and logo.
These codes are called PLUs, or Price Lookup Numbers (why isn't the acronym PLN, then?) so the store can find out the unit cost for each item. If a number consists of four digits, the item is conventionally grown; if the number consists of five digits and begins with an 8, the item is genetically modified. And if the five digits begin with a 9, you're buying organic produce.
Some producers are going the extra step and adding QR codes that take you to a producer's website where you can find all kinds of information, including the names of the producer's pet sheep. In the future, be prepared for even more transparency — labels may disappear as scanners and digital "ink" become cost effective. Perhaps the store shelf will notice which fruit you put in your basket and send accompanying data to your cell phone. These paper stickers will be the old papyrus scroll for food storytelling.
(Did you know you can eat the labels? All the materials in the paper, ink and glue are food grade. C'mon, we dare you….)
Recipe Tracker: Tart in Ymbre Days
by Cory Leahy | Sep 7, 2017 | Issue 2, Recipe Tracker, Stories
Cookbooks are more than collections of recipes. They may have a theme (Appetizers! Cookies! Tacos!) or showcase a particular cuisine (Thai, Italian, Parsi). Some cookbooks tell stories to contextualize their dishes or ingredients, offering the history of a meal or its place in a holiday tradition. Others provide detailed instructions about technique, inviting the reader to start with this recipe, then try other ingredients using the same method.
But cookbooks are also products of their time. Just compare the aspics, crown roasts and cheese balls found in Helen Corbitt's 1957 classic with the sous vide chicken breasts and kale salads in a contemporary volume. Cookbooks reflect not only trends in food preparation and flavors but also the availability of ingredients in a certain era and region.
Take, for instance, "The Forme of Cury," a collection of recipes recorded by a master cook working in the court of King Richard II. It's one of the earliest known cookbooks and was probably made as a record of food served, rather than as a working cookbook. There are a handful of copies, all handwritten before the advent of printing centuries later.
"There's no way really to tell if anyone ever used them, unless you look at the stains on them," says Ken Albala, a Renaissance historian and food scholar at the University of the Pacific. "Chances are these were not brought into the kitchen, because usually cooks were not literate. But whoever wrote these down obviously was."
Some of the ingredients used in 1390 will seem quite familiar: game (consumed more by nobles with estates), pork, chicken, butter, cheese, eggs, vegetables, spices. But the preparations differ from dishes we eat today. "The way they think of food, the colors they like, the flavors, the textures, the ingredients — it's a completely different cuisine" than contemporary European fare, Albala says.
The origins of much medieval cuisine are in the Muslim Middle East, Albala explains. Those ingredients and techniques moved to India with Mughals and then to Spain and the rest of Europe. From there they traveled to Mexico with the conquistadors in the 1500s. "The moles of Mexico are the long-lost cousins of the curries in India," Albala says.
Tart in Ymbre Days, as prepared by the author. It's basically an onion frittata, dotted with raisins and delicious with a salad.
The generous use of spices in royal repasts was a display of wealth and status. Pepper and cinnamon traveled from India, while cloves and nutmeg originated in Indonesia and ginger came from China. Passing through the hands of Arab and Venetian merchants during their years-long journey, the exotic spices in use in the 14th century were exorbitantly expensive, accessible only to the wealthy.
While spices were sold in apothecaries, staples, such as milk, cheese, butter, grains and bread, were available in food markets, set-ups that resemble our modern farmer's markets. "Food markets go back to ancient times," Albala says. "In England, there are markets that started in the middle ages that are still there." As with any type of market, the laws of supply and demand came into play. In the years following the plague — the period in which the Forme of Cury was written — the population was down, so wages were higher; thus, meat consumption also increased. As the population rebounded, wages fell, and the poor ate less meat.
Diets of the 14th century were influenced by more factors than just the availability of ingredients. Religious traditions and dietary rules informed daily menu planning. "Religion determined what you could eat seasonally and during fast days," Albala says. "Lent, vigils of saints' days — probably a third of the whole calendar is fasting." The Tart in Ymbre Days recipe on this page is a kind of crustless quiche that contains onions, eggs, greens, raisins and "powder douce," a common mixture of ginger, cinnamon and sugar (the original pumpkin spice!). Ymbre Days are quarterly sets of fasting days that mark the seasons of the Christian calendar. Because they fall outside of Lent, they were considered moderate fast days: meat was prohibited, but eggs were not.
Ken Albala, Renaissance historian and food scholar at the University of the Pacific. Check out his Food Rant.
Check out Ken Albala's explorations of world cuisines, his cookbooks and his Great Courses on food and history.
Knowledge about fast days and how to put meals together would have been passed down orally, by peasant families and royal kitchen staffs, without the use of cookbooks. For one thing, most cooks weren't literate. "We learn by looking and hearing and smelling, and not approximating through words," Albala says. In fact, the whole notion of learning through cookbooks is a practice that may not last much longer, Albala believes.
"I think in the future we'll have interactive videos, or some kind of instructional media where you can stop and ask questions, look closely and zoom in," Albala says. "Perhaps something that will know what ingredients you have in the kitchen, know what kind of equipment you have, will adjust for your altitude or your allergies and could make working recipes for you. I think probably in our lifetime we'll see cookbooks go extinct, or they'll just be a rare, interesting artifact for people who like to collect them."
Are you moving away from cookbooks to other kinds of instructional media? Which cookbook taught you the most? Tweet us @foodcityorg.
How a Little Startup Fixes a Big Food Chain Gap
by Cory Leahy | Sep 7, 2017 | Case Study, Issue 2, Stories
In rural India, dairies may have only one or two cows and the power grid is spotty at best. The chance to improve the supply chain link from producers to distributors in these conditions offered some surprising lessons to an American startup anxious to solve the "milk challenge."
The verdict was devastating:
"This will never work for us," our customer said. It had taken three years to develop a solar refrigerator to solve rural India's milk spoilage problem. But our prototype, which we unveiled in early 2011, was "too big, too expensive and difficult to install." We were back to square one. I'm not from India, and no one on our early team had a connection to the country. Despite this — or perhaps because of it — we were captivated by the milk challenge in the world's largest democracy. And the engineer in me thought I could fix it with the right technology. Turns out, I had a lot to learn.
We first heard about the milk problem in 2007. That summer my business partner Sam White and I were in India conducting a market survey for a solar turbine we developed that was designed to generate hot water and electricity for off-grid schools and clinics in rural India. We found ourselves in Bangalore on a Saturday morning with nothing to do. My partner picked up the phone and cold-called the managing director of Bangalore Dairy, one of India's largest milk producers. A few hours later we had a meeting scheduled. We walked into his office to find him and his team of 14 engineers seated around a large conference table. They politely listened to our solar pitch, but their reaction was similar to what we had seen before: "It sounds interesting, but how does this solve our problem?"
In the case of Bangalore Dairy, their problem was milk spoilage, and our solar technology had nothing to do with milk. The meeting quickly turned into a reverse pitch where the dairy engineers were asking us for help. This is how I learned about India's dairy supply chain and the milk challenge.
Sorin Grama found an unexpected solution for a simple problem in India: how to keep milk from small dairies from spoiling before it gets to distributors. But the journey was far from simple.
A RIVER OF MILK
India is a hot, largely vegetarian country that depends on milk for its calories and protein. Milk is used in curries and chai tea and is the product of the (literally) sacred cow. India is the largest producer and consumer of milk in the world. But production in this nation of 1.3 billion people is nothing like the factory farms of the United States.
In India milk is collected from small, individual scattered across the countryside. Each one produces 5 to 10 liters per day — compared to an average output of 6,000 liters in a typical U.S. dairy farm operation. The small amounts of milk produced by individual farmers in remote villages create a massive supply chain challenge for dairy processors who collect the milk, pasteurize it and turn it into finished dairy products sold in major urban areas like Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. In a country like India, where nearly 50 percent of the employment is in agriculture, urban prosperity depends heavily on the health and vigor of the rural economy.
In India, cows are held in high esteem in Hinduism, the dominant religion in India. They represent food, fertilizer and economic value. Wandering through traffic, into homes — practically anywhere — cows are privileged members of society. No wonder Grama's company got the attention of Indian dairy businesses. Keeping cow milk fresh could be sacred business.
Dairy cows must be milked twice per day, but the milk often spoils before it reaches distributors because Indian roads can be hard to navigate. Grama sought to prolong the milk's viability to improve the production process. Image by: Lance Casey
Indian dairies often have only one or two milk cows — tiny operations compared with U.S. dairies that have thousands of animals. Image by: Lance Casey
Milk is like a river that never stops. Raw milk must be aggregated, transported and processed quickly before it spoils. And it must be done twice a day — morning and evening to coincide with the milking schedule — 365 days per year. For farmers, milk is like liquid gold. Rural households depend on sales of milk for disposable income. Unlike other agricultural crops, milk is a daily harvest, and Indian farmers get paid a good amount for their milk. Up to 60 percent of the price of pasteurized milk sold in urban markets goes to these small dairy farmers.
Chilling milk to 4 degrees Celsius immediately after milking preserves its freshness, prevents spoilage and enables it to be transported once a day instead of twice. Refrigeration at the source could elegantly solve all the problems associated with this distributed production system in a single step. But neither industrial milk refrigeration equipment — widely used in most of the world — nor reliable electricity is generally available in rural India.
Thus, the never-ending schedule and lack of refrigeration means transportation costs are enormous, spoilage rates are high and milk quality is very low. What's more, only those farmers who can be reached within a five- or six-hour ride can deliver milk to central processing facilities.
Bicycles are often the best mode of transportation in rural India, which can make scaling distribution options difficult.
Children carry milk from the dairy to the village's collection point.
SOLAR SOLUTION
Enter our solar-powered solution. To address the underlying problem of energy access in villages, I designed a milk chiller powered by solar photovoltaic panels. In the mid-2000s solar technology was sexy — it was coming down in cost and gaining more acceptance. I was passionate about using a renewable, clean form of energy and was determined to make it work. When we mentioned solar to customers and investors, everyone got excited. After all, India is a very sunny place.
After some trial and error, we unveiled our prototype, ready to test it. Unfortunately, on that sunny day in South India in February 2011, my dream of using solar power crashed and burned. The prototype failed to impress our first customer, who had been so interested in our solar solution. He told us that our system was impractical and too expensive for Indian conditions. With that rejection ringing in our ears, we laid off our staff and paused to think about the next steps, if any. After more than three years of work, we were back to square one.
Grama and his business partner met regularly with dairy owners and milk distributors to better understand their needs. They often found that solutions that might work in the developed world didn't fit in India.
Grama's solution was a thermal-battery-powered refrigerator that chilled raw milk, preserving it, at the collection point in villages where milk is sourced. The refrigerator's thermal battery stored energy from the unreliable electric grid in the form of ice, which kept the milk cool until the dairy processors could come to collect it.
But the problem was too big to ignore. What's more, the customer who rejected the solar system encouraged us continue the effort. Like us, he finally understood that solar was a pipe dream and was willing to continue working with us to find a better solution. The simultaneous rejection and encouragement was effective. With some retrospection, I realized that my passion and bias for solar technology took my focus away from the real problem that needed to be solved.
Most villages in India are already connected to the grid, but the grid is not available around the clock and not always when it's most needed. This insight led me to a better solution: a battery. If I could store energy from the grid, I could use it during the times when the grid is off.
As it turns out, I had designed a battery for our solar system. I didn't think much of it because it was just a necessary component to make solar technology work. But it was not just any electrical battery; it was a thermal battery designed specifically for refrigeration. It stores energy in the form of ice and is less expensive and lasts longer than an equivalent electrical battery. With just a few hours of grid power we could run a refrigeration compressor — like the one in your home refrigerator — and make ice. When the grid power is off, the ice chills the milk.
I quickly built a new prototype and tested it — it worked! The simple and inexpensive solution won the day. To solve a big problem in an emerging economy like India's you often don't need fancy technologies. You need simple, practical technologies because they're more affordable and easier to maintain.
The chiller was a simple solution that everyone — including poor and uneducated dairy farmers — could use.
PRODUCTION CHALLENGES
Alas, solving the technology didn't fix everything. Scaling the technology was a whole new challenge. I moved to Mumbai in 2012 to oversee the commercialization of our milk chiller. Progress was slow. A partnership with a manufacturer in Mumbai fell apart when we realized they were investing in another company that was working on products that would compete with ours. Good suppliers were difficult to find and product quality was inconsistent. We had to be vigilant about every single component that went into our system.
In addition to production challenges, we had trouble creating a market. Dairy processors in India, the potential buyers of our technology, are conservative and slow to change. Fortunately, our outsider status as an American company opened many doors. American-made or -designed products are generally viewed positively in India because they are considered to be higher quality. We got meetings with general managers of all the top dairies in India. Innovation in the dairy sector is not very common, and these executives were intrigued by our technology.
But converting initial sales meetings into actual orders was far more difficult than we expected. Adopting a new refrigeration product and changing a decades-old milk collection process was too daunting for most dairies. Only a few visionary leaders who understood the value of higher quality raw milk would adopt the technology. With much effort in the lab and long hours in the field, we delivered and installed 50 systems by the beginning of 2014.
Suddenly, everything came to a grinding halt. While our first customers were absorbing and evaluating the new system, other potential customers were waiting to see the outcome of these trials. Months went by without new orders. We started to wonder if we had missed the market.
Design for the Developing World
When doing business in India, Western business models do not always apply, says Prabhudev Konana, professor of supply chain management at The University of Texas at Austin.
"Most Western business models are based on massive economies of scale, but that doesn't work in India," Konana explains. "Production is fragmented. Distribution is extremely complicated."
With thousands of tiny producers — e.g., dairy operations with one or two cows — and a rural road system that's sometimes passable only by bicycle, India offers a business environment where simplicity and consistency reign supreme. Technology must work seamlessly, every single time; if it doesn't, people won't be willing to risk their tiny margins on it.
"How you design things for less educated, economically poor people is an art in itself," Konana says.
MEETING MARKET DEMANDS
I spent many days in the field observing our systems, talking to our customers and trying to understand what was wrong. Sometimes customers would tell me directly what they didn't like about our system. But most of the time, I had to observe and listen carefully to the things they didn't say in order to understand the hidden needs and frustrations. The effort paid off. The design needed a few more tweaks to make the system easier to clean and operate and more energy efficient. After we made these changes, new orders started to come in within weeks.
Grama, at right, spent time learning from iterations that failed before finding the right solution. He sought feedback from his customers at every step in the journey.
Most notably, our very first customer — a charismatic and visionary industry leader who rejected our solar system and challenged me to find a better solution — began to place repeat orders. He became an valuable champion and the largest user of our technology. To date, he has installed more than 250 systems in South India. I owe him a lot of credit for our success: He was tough and friendly at the same time. Tough because he constantly pushed me to reduce costs and friendly because he was always available to lend a hand when I got stuck. I would spend hours with him drawing concepts and calculating economics of different configurations on a whiteboard in his office. I think he saw a genuine effort on my part, and with that I gained his respect, attention and eventually his business.
It has been a long and arduous journey, but I've learned so much. I've learned the value of being immersed in the market and the environment where our customers operate. I've learned that assumptions need to be frequently checked and adjusted to reality. And I've learned that while you might start with a technology looking for a problem to solve, success comes when you actually solve a customer's problem.
Grama and White talk about their journey with Promethean Power Systems.
Grama's thermal battery also works to cool a cold storage system for preserving fruits and vegetables.
agriculture aquaculture Austin cold chain developing world distribution Food+City Challenge Prize food system future global food history infrastructure last food mile local food logistics markets packaging pollution production restaurant reuse safety shelf-life smart cities startup startups sustainability technology tracking traffic transportation Urban Agriculture waste
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Regional civil wars are sadly not swift occurrences. They take time to build momentum and to reach a crescendo and conclusion. As a prime example, the English civil war spanned for almost a decade. This prognosis does not enhance our optimism with respect to the prospect of any near term conclusion to Britain's modern-day democratic civil war for the identity of Future Britain.
Since 2016 we have predicted that Brexit would result in a no deal outcome. The negotiations were best modelled as an acrimonious separation with the worst possible outcome. However this model assumed that the Government and Parliament played by the rules. May and the EU have disregarded the rules by unilaterally delaying Brexit (I would expect a legal challenge to this action and an argument that we are still leaving on the 29th to be raised in Parliament).
1. Learn to respect and understand Chinese history and culture - the Americans continue to have a very poor understanding of their strategic competitor's history, culture, and mindset, whilst the Chinese understand the American culture very well from a massive long cultural exposure. This is a profound weakness in not understanding one's enemy.
During the 17 years since the genesis of BTCH, the prediction of China's rise and the stages that it would go through to achieve its goal of becoming the next global superpower have been accurate in every way. These are based on both the qualities of late regionalization and early ascension to empire expounded by China. The rise of President Xi to absolute power is also very much part of the cycle at this stage.
Trump is no doubt a strong leader and the majority of his policies are the right ones to reassert American influence. However domestically Trump, and thus America, are in a precarious position. Trump faces dissension at all levels, and perhaps even more seriously, the on-going potential of impeachment. This domestic resistance has impeded some of his chosen policies, foremost of which is his Russian policy. This was designed to pull Putin back into the western fold and thereby surround China as was once the USSR in the cold war.
Since 2001 and 9/11, America's three presidents have all contributed to America's decline in their own inimitable ways. In this America has conformed to the characteristics of this phase of decline outlined in the five stages of Empire. Each of the last three Presidents lost a specific element vital to the composite of American power in what we will call the three false dawns.
It has been some 17 years since the genesis of Breaking The Code of History (BTCH) which followed the 9/11 attacks, and 8 years since its publication in 2010.
The King is dead, long live the King. The kleptocracy of King Bob has now ended to great applause. But what does come next for the oppressed and long-suffering people of Zimbabwe?


text:
//
// Nexus JVMIO - I/O and network services for Nexus built on java.nio
// http://github.com/threerings/nexus/blob/master/LICENSE

package com.threerings.nexus.io;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.threerings.nexus.io.Streamable;

/**
 * An enumeration used to stream values. A value is a primitive, a basic type (i.e. String, null),
 * or a collection of values. A value code is streamed followed by the binary data for the value.
 * This is used when streaming parameterized types, like the value contained in a
 * `DValue.ChangedEvent<T>` instance.
 */
public enum ValueStreamer
{
    NULL(0) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return null;
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            // noop!
        }
    },
    BOOLEAN(1, Boolean.TYPE, Boolean.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readBoolean();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeBoolean((Boolean)value);
        }
    },
    BYTE(2, Byte.TYPE, Byte.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readByte();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeByte((Byte)value);
        }
    },
    CHAR(3, Character.TYPE, Character.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readChar();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeChar((Character)value);
        }
    },
    SHORT(4, Short.TYPE, Short.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readShort();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeShort((Short)value);
        }
    },
    INT(5, Integer.TYPE, Integer.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readInt();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeInt((Integer)value);
        }
    },
    LONG(6, Long.TYPE, Long.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readLong();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeLong((Long)value);
        }
    },
    FLOAT(7, Float.TYPE, Float.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readFloat();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeFloat((Float)value);
        }
    },
    DOUBLE(8, Double.TYPE, Double.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readDouble();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeDouble((Double)value);
        }
    },
    STRING(9, String.class) {
        @Override public Object readValue (Streamable.Input in) {
            return in.readString();
        }
        @Override public void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value) {
            out.writeString((String)value);
        }
    };
    // TODO: list, set, map?

    /** Reads a value of our associated type from the supplied input. (The code is assumed to
     * already have been read from the stream and used to select this streamer.) */
    public abstract Object readValue (Streamable.Input in);

    /** Writes a value of our associated type to the supplied input. (The code is assumed to
     * already have been written to the stream by the caller.) */
    public abstract void writeValue (Streamable.Output out, Object value);

    /** Returns the streamer associated with the supplied code. */
    public static ValueStreamer fromCode (byte code) {
        return _fromCode.get(code);
    }

    /** Returns the streamer associated with the supplied value. */
    public static ValueStreamer fromValue (Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            return NULL;
        }
        ValueStreamer s = _fromType.get(value.getClass());
        if (s == null) {
            throw new StreamException(
                "Requested to stream unsupported value type " + value.getClass());
        }
        return s;
    }

    /** The code used to prefix this type on the wire. */
    public final byte code;

    /** The types handled by this streamer. */
    public final Class<?>[] types;

    ValueStreamer (int code, Class<?>... types) {
        this.code = (byte)code;
        this.types = types;
    }

    protected static Map<Byte, ValueStreamer> _fromCode = new HashMap<Byte, ValueStreamer>();
    protected static Map<Class<?>, ValueStreamer> _fromType =
        new HashMap<Class<?>, ValueStreamer>();
    static {
        for (ValueStreamer s : ValueStreamer.values()) {
            _fromCode.put(s.code, s);
            for (Class<?> type : s.types) {
                _fromType.put(type, s);
            }
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Tag: Amazon sc future retail
Amazon files another petition in SC against NCLT order on Future Retail
Amazon on Wednesday filed another petition in the Supreme Court to stay an order of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) that had allowed
Future Retail
Ltd (FRL) to convene meetings of its shareholders and creditors to seek approval on a sale proposal to Reliance Retail.
The latest petition was filed on a day when the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) had dismissed a January petition by FRL to exclude itself as a party to the ongoing arbitration process.
In the latest plea, Amazon said the NCLT's September 28 order was "in violation" of a September 9 order by the apex court that had directed statutory bodies to put on hold for four weeks all proceedings regarding the Rs 25,000-crore proposed deal between Future Group and Reliance Retail.
Statutory bodies involved in this deal include the NCLT, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi).
Now, Amazon is seeking both a stay on the NCLT order and legal curbs to restrain the proposed meetings of shareholders and creditors of FRL. These meetings are scheduled to be held on November 10 and 11. The Indian retailer had issued notices on Oct 11 to hold these meetings.
Amazon's India office didn't respond to ET's queries. In February, Amazon had approached the NCLT, objecting to Future Group's petition that sought the latter's approval to hold a shareholders' meeting.
While allowing the application of the Kishore Biyani-owned group on September 28, the NCLT pision bench presided by Suchitra Kanuparthi and Chandra Bhan Singh had refused an oral application of the Amazon counsel to stay the operation of the order for one week.
"The advocates of the company are in receipt of an intimation from advocates of Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC that Amazon has filed an Interim Application in the SLP (Civil) Nos. 13556-13557 of 2021 filed by the company and pending before the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India," FRL told the stock exchanges in a late evening filing on Wednesday.
In another regulatory filing late on Wednesday, FRL also intimated the stock exchanges about the latest SIAC order that has held that FRL is a "proper party" to the ongoing dispute between Amazon and Future Coupons Pvt. Ltd., the promoter company that owns 9.8% of the BSE-listed FRL.
The Singapore arbitration stems from Future Group's August 2020 announcement that it had agreed to sell its assets and business on a slump sale basis to Reliance Retail for about Rs 25,000 crore.
Amazon objected to the deal and had approached SIAC two months later for a stay, citing a 2019 investment agreement in FCPL that the US e-commerce giant argued restrained FRL from selling its assets to large Indian and global entities, including Reliance.
Amazon accused FRL of breach of contract while Future Group lawyers argued in different legal forums that the agreement is between promoter firm FCPL and Amazon and the listed entity FRL has nothing to do with it and is free to take a decision to sell its assets.
This August, the Supreme Court ruled that the October 2020 interim order by SIAC's emergency arbitrator – that had stayed the Future-Reliance deal – is valid and enforceable in India.
( Originally published on Oct 21, 2021 )
Author kaffetPosted on October 26, 2021 Categories Forex NewsTags amazon, Amazon sc future retail, future retail, nclt, Reliance RetailLeave a comment on Amazon files another petition in SC against NCLT order on Future Retail

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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In order to qualify as a legal franchise, a business must meet certain requirements as outlined in both state and federal law. An experienced lawyer can help guide you through this process and ensure that your business meets all of the legal requirements of a franchise.
David T. Azrin, Attorney at Law, has decades of experience in handling franchise law matters for clients in the U.S. and around the world. To learn more about his legal practice, call his office in New York at 212-935-3131.
Trademark: The franchisor agrees to give the franchisee the right to use the business' name or trademark.
Payment: The franchisor charges the franchisee an initial fee of at least $500 in the first six months for the right to use the name or trademark.
Significant control or assistance: The franchisor exercises significant control over, or offers significant assistance in, the franchisee's method of operation of the business.
The system must meet all three requirements. If it does not meet one of these elements, it will not qualify as a franchise at the federal level. In addition, there are a number of exemptions under the federal definition that should be discussed with a skilled franchise law attorney.
Thirteen states require some form of franchise registration, along with slightly different definitions of what qualifies as a franchise and different exemptions. In addition, some states have a minimum initial fee requirement while others may require only a nominal fee. Many states also have business opportunity laws that may come into play. Effective legal counsel can help you navigate this complex web of rules and regulations.
Questions About Franchise Requirements? Contact Attorney David T. Azrin.
If you have questions about franchise requirements under U.S. law, speak with David T. Azrin. Call 212-935-3131 or complete the online contact form to schedule an appointment to discuss your needs.


BMW M3 History, A must see!
A friend of mine, who knows how much I love and admire BMW and M3's, sent me a video that talks about the history of BMW M3. In the beginning of the video, it shows the original BMW M1 car and starts talking about it and how much it was disappointing to BMW, while it was a very modern car at that time. Then it shows the new E30 BMW M3 and the M5. The cars are fabulous. I just want you guys to watch Richard's face expressions while he's driving the E30 M3. He's really happy! Too bad, I haven't experience that feeling yet, neither in E30 nor E36. I hope I will have the chance to try it soon.
Wait for more from … BMW E36 Blog.
Well let us see how my BMW compares to my wife!
. . . BMW thinks I'm a good singer . . . LOOOL!
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BMW E36 M3 VS BMW E60 M5 . . . Weird result!
I hope you will not be shocked about this new video that you're about to see. To tell the truth, I'm not really convinced of it, so I either think that the guy with the E60 M5 is a real newbie or that . . . BMW guys have been playing all these years. Anyway, the video shows a BMW E36 M3 that is almost side by side to a E60 M5. The weird thing is that the E36 spanked the E60. hmmm. . . I know that E36 M3 is a very strong car, but compared to E60 M5, is should've lost, hands down, but I don't know what happened. Anyway, enjoy and let me know what you think.
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I found this video about BMW M3. It's actually a group of scenes that you've probably seen many of them, but I just liked it and thought you'd like it too.


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If you are good bloggers, you must have experience in blogging. Try to promote your affiliate link as how you promote your blog. Affiliate Company provides different attractive animated banners. Use the affiliate banners in the best viewable place of your blog where your visitor can easily view the affiliate banner. Post about affiliate program with your link. Your Feedburner reader can view about your offer through their email inbox!
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Everyone may not have enough money to buy the service with heavy price. So, you have to make offer for some impression. Try to catch some people who are searching for the service related to your affiliate. Tell them to reserve or buy the service through your affiliate link. If they completed give them some rewards for their work.
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Contoso, Ltd. plans to use Office 365 for email services and Skype for Business Online. Contoso has four unique domain names.
Explanation: There are no practical limits on the number of domains that can be verified to Office 365 Enterprise. The rules are simple: you need to verify a domain, and you need to assign the domain based on the needs (or Domain Intent). Domain Intent is what the domain services will be configured as; there are three different types of services for Domain Intent.
You need to activate Rights Management. Which method should you use?
Explanation: Once you have signed up for an Office 365 plan that includes Rights Management, sign in to Office 365 with a work or school account that has the global administrator role for your Office 365 deployment. You should then navigate to the rights management page via Settings > Services & add-ins > Microsoft Azure Information Protection > Manage Microsoft Azure Information Protection settings. On the rights management page, click activate.
You discover that the employee can create and manage SharePoint site collections. You need to prevent the employee from creating or managing site collections. From which role should you remove the employee?
Explanation: The person who provisions the company Office 365 tenant is the first global administrator who in turn is a SharePoint Online Administrator. As long as this person is a global administrator they will be able to create SharePoint sites. Now once the site collection is provisioned you can prevent them from managing the site itself by removing them from the Site Collection Administrator role.
By doing this if they went directly to the site they wouldn't be able to manage it, but they could always add themselves back to that role The way the question is stated you would need to be a global administrator yourself and then remove the person who created the tenant as a global administrator.
"Add an administrator to the Site Collection Administrators list If you are a Global Administrator or a SharePoint Online Administrator in SharePoint Online in Office 365 plans other than Office 365 Small Business, you must add your user name account to the Site Collection Administrator list on the SharePoint admin center page before you can add other site collection administrators via the Team Site. If you are a Global Administrator or SharePoint Online Administrator and you add yourself as a site collection administrator, performing this action is known as taking ownership of a site."
Your network contains a single Active Directory forest. The forest contains a domain controller and Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) servers that are deployed to virtual machines. The virtual machines run either on-premises or on Microsoft Azure.
You have Azure AD Connect deployed on-premises. The Azure AD Connect database is installed on an on-premises instance of Microsoft SQL Server 2014.
Last month, an Azure AD Connect server experienced a hardware failure that caused an Azure AD Connect server to go offline for several days.
You need to recommend a solution to reduce the outage window when hardware failure occurs on the Azure AD Connect server.
Solution: You deploy a new on-premises Azure AD Connect server that uses the same SQL Server instance. You start Azure AD Connect sync.
Explanation: An on-premises Azure AD Connect server already exists. A server in staging mode is required to provide High Availability.
*Passwords for the on-premises Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) user accounts are at least six characters long.
*Passwords for Office 365 user accounts are at least eight characters long.
Explanation: Password Sync is an extension to the directory synchronization implemented by the Directory Sync tool and synchronizes user passwords from your on-premises Active Directory to Azure Active Directory. When password sync is enabled, the password complexity policies configured in the on-premises Active Directory override any complexity policies that are defined in the cloud for synchronized users.
You are the system administrator for a small sales company in Chicago.
You must migrate all users to Office 365. You add a domain to the Office 365 tenant. You need to verify the new domain.
Explanation: Active Directory Federated Services (AD FS) is required to support single sign-on.
On a Windows Server 2008 computer AD FS can be installed as a separate installation package known as AD FS 2.0. The .NET Framework 3.5 with Service Pack 1 is a prerequisite for AD FS 2.0 software and is not automatically be installed by the AD FS 2.0Setup Wizard. We must therefore install the .NET Framework 3.5 with Service Pack 1 first.
Once .NET Framework 3.5 with Service Pack 1 is installed, we can run the AD FS 2.0 installation package. Once AD FS 2.0 is installed, we must install the AD FS hotfixes. The hotfixes are included in Update Rollup 3 for AD FS 2.0.
A company has an Office 365 tenant. You plan to use Office 365 to manage the DNS settings for a custom domain. You purchase the domain through a third-party provider.
You create a custom website. You must host the website through a third-party provider at the IPv6 address 2001:4860:4801:1:5:4d. You need to configure the correct DNS settings.
When you get to the last step of the domains setup wizard in Office 365, you have one task remaining. To set up your domain with Office 365 services, like email, you change your domain's name server (or NS) records at your domain registrar to point to the Office 365 primary and secondary name servers. Use (A) DNS record for the web site.
A company has an Office 365 tenant that has an Enterprise E1 subscription. Users currently sign in with credentials that include the contoso.com domain suffix. The company is acquired by Fa rikam. Users must now sign in with credentials that include the fabrikam.com domain suffix. You need to ensure that all users sign in with the new domain name. Which Windows PowerShell cmdlet should you run?
You have an Office 365 subscription and an on-premises deployment of Active Directory. You deploy Microsoft Azure AD Connect.
Currently, the synchronization process is running. You need to modify the synchronization schedule.
Which task should you perform first?
B. Invoke an Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) sync cycle profile.
C. Create an Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) sync connector.
D. Start the Azure AD Connect installation wizard.
Explanation: The sync engine processes identity information from different data repositories, such as Active Directory or a SQL Server database. The sync engine encapsulates interaction with a connected data source within a module called a Connector. Each type of connected data source has a specific Connector. The Connector translates a required operation into the format that the connected data source understands.
Litware Inc. has an Office 365 Enterprise E1 plan. Employees have access to all Office 365 services. Employees in the human resources (HR) department must continue to use the on-premises SharePoint 2013 deployment due to legal requirements.
We must disable SharePoint Online. SharePoint Online is denoted by SHAREPOINTSTANDARD.
The New-MsolLicenseOptions-DisabledPlans <string> produces a list of service plans to disable when assigning this license to the user.
Box 3: We get all HR department users through the Get –MsolUser –All –Department "HR" command. The Get-MsolUser cmdlet can be used to retrieve an individual user, or list of users.
Box 4: For these retrieved users we use the Set-MsolUserLicense command to apply the license we constructed.
The Set-MsolUserLicense cmdlet can be used to adjust the licenses for a user.
You verify that you can connect to Skype for Business Online successfully from your computer. You need to identify what prevents the users from connecting to Skype for Business Online. Solution: You use the Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant for Office 365.
Explanation: Use the Microsoft Skype for Business Connectivity Analyzer instead.
You administer an Office 365 tenant for a company named Fabrikam, Inc. You deploy Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) including Web Application Proxy servers.
You need to customize the AD FS logon screen to display your company name.
How should you complete the Windows PowerShell command? To answer, select the appropriate Windows PowerShell segments in the answer area.
Explanation: Set-AdfsGlobalWebContent -CompanyName " Fabrikam Company"
Running the Set-AdfsGlobalWebContent cmdlet with the –CompanyName parameter specifies the company name for AD FS to display in the sign-in pages when you have not set a logo on the active web theme.
You are the Office 365 administrator for a company. You have an on-premises Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) environment.
You configure Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) and directory synchronization. You use Windows Server 2016 for AD FS. You deploy the Web Application Proxy (WAP) role.
You need to deploy a custom web theme for the WAP server.
The New-AdfsWebTheme cmdlet creates a custom web theme.
You can modify the .css file and configure the new web theme by using the new .css file. The Export-AdfsWebTheme cmdlet exports the web theme to the required directory. The Set-AdfsWebTheme cmdlet applies the .css file to the new theme.
User2 must be able to assign administrative roles to other users. You need to assign an administrative role to User2.
You need to use the Office 365 admin center portal to create the report for the Dallas office. Which values should you use? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area. NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.


Fat is probably the most important nutrient for weight loss, healthy cholesterol, brain function and overall health!
Including more healthy fat in your diet is a great start to improving your health.
However, some people find it difficult to increase the amount of fat they're eating a day (if you're following a keto diet, fat should make up 60% to 75% of your diet).
That's where MCT oil comes in.
MCT oil is oil made up of Medium Chain Triglycerides. Medium Chain Triglycerides are healthy, easily digestible fats that are metabolized in our liver (as opposed to other foods which are metabolized through digestion). There are 4 types of MCTs and the shorter the chain of carbon molecules in them, the faster the transformation to ketones for energy.
Here are 5 reasons why you should incorporate MCT oil into your diet.
If you've read our posts on fat and cholesterol you will know that fat is required for the production and balance of hormones. As MCT oil is so easily metabolised and used by the body, it can assist with maintaining a healthy level of hormones in our body.
MCT oil is metabolised in our liver which means they are absorbed faster and used by the body quicker (as they don't need to be processed through our digestive system). MCT oils help with the production of ketones (read our Keto 101 post here). When we convert fat into ketones, our body has access to a more stable energy source. But also, when we use this as energy, it doesn't create the same blood sugar and insulin spike as when we use carbs as energy.
Healthy fats are required for proper immune function. The antiviral and antibacterial properties of MCT oil make it a great support for a healthy immune system.
MCT oil helps to give our digestive system a break because they are easily metabolised by our body. MCTs also have antibacterial properties which can help to balance gut bacteria. Just be careful with how much you take…take too much and you could be running to the toilet!!
MCT oil provides significant neurological benefits. Consumption of MCTs can delay brain aging by providing easily accessible energy to repair brain cell damage, increasing mental performance and slowing the aging of brain cells.
Stomach acid – let's face it, its not really something you give much thought to. Yet stomach acid is actually one of the most important aspects of our digestive system.
Stomach acid (or gastric acid) is made by the cells that line our stomachs, on demand when we eat. Adequate levels of stomach acid are required to absorb the nutrients in the foods we eat and to protect our stomach from bad bacteria and becoming inflamed.
You know how hypothyroidism can dry out your skin, hair and nails? Well hypothyroidism can also 'dry out' our stomach acid.
Hypothyroidism can affect both the ability and the amount of gastric juice producing cells in our stomach. Consequently, our bodies are not able to effectively absorb all of the nutrients in our food, leading to malabsorption. In particular, low stomach acid and hypothyroidism can result in non-optimal levels of iron, vitamin D and B12.
As with all autoimmune diseases, hypothyroidism can be characterised by inflammation. Low levels of stomach acid means the body can't protect itself against bad forms of bacteria which can cause inflammation in our stomach.
When our stomachs become inflamed from not enough stomach acid, food can just sit in there, without being digested properly. And when food isn't digested properly we get those bloated, gassy and funny poo symptoms!
Acid reflux, indigestion and heart burn – all symptoms of high levels of stomach acid right? Nope, wrong! It is actually low levels of stomach acid that cause these issues!
Unfortunately, many GPs put us on medications that further suppress stomach acid, making the condition even worse.
Ok, so how do I treat low stomach acid?
When you Google "low stomach acid and hypothyroidism" many sites say the best way to improve your levels of stomach acid is to heal your hypothyroidism – but as we know all too well, that's easier said than done!
Correcting cortisol, aldosterone and thyroid hormone levels are important in getting stomach acid back to normal levels. However this can be a tricky process and in the interim we need to aid digestion to help heal.
Home remedies can also assist in the process of returning our stomach acid back to optimal levels. Here at Healed by Bacon we like to use apple cider vinegar – we mix one tablespoon of unfiltered, unpasteurised and unheated apple cider vinegar (we like to use Braggs) with a cup of water, about 10 minutes before a meal. We also like to use a probiotic on an empty stomach, morning or night.
But just be aware – (1) don't drink apple cider vinegar by itself as it can burn your oesophagus, (2) if you have high levels of potassium it can be more productive to use lemon juice in water instead and (3) if you suffer from peptic ulcers it is important to treat that first.
This is a quick and easy test that you can do in the comfort of your own home, to see if your stomach acid levels are below optimal. But remember, it is just an indication.
After you wake, before eating or drinking, mix 1/4 tsp of baking soda in a cup of water and drink.
Take note to see if you burp within the next 2-3 minutes.
If you don't burp – you have low stomach acid (as optimal levels of stomach acid will react with the baking soda to form carbon dioxide gas).
Repeat this for the next couple of days, to make sure your reaction was not a once off.
Removal of or a reduction in your exposure to mould is the first step to recovery. The majority of our mould exposure comes from poor indoor air quality, with exposure to water-damaged indoor environments being the largest contributor.
Dry any damp materials affected by leaks as soon as possible.
Get rid of any carpets, tiles and any other absorbent or porous materials if they become mouldy.
Scrub mould off hard surfaces and make sure to dry the area completely.
Don't paint over or cover up mouldy surfaces.
Ensure you have proper ventilation – avoid areas that are "stuffy".
Keep air conditioning drip pans clean.
Keep indoor humidity between 30 and 50 percent.
Use air filters and purifiers/sanitizers.
Ensure the ground slopes away from building foundations, so that water does not enter or collect around the foundations.
Once you have improved your indoor environment, you can start to remove the toxins that have accumulated in your body.
Take high quality supplements that promote detoxification such as benzene clay, activated charcoal, cholestyramine powder and other binders that bind internal mycotoxins.
Supplement with glutathione (which is often depleted in toxin-related illnesses).
Test and treat for candida overgrowth –mould can lead to candida overgrowth.
Supplement with vitamin B12, methyl-folate, B6 and riboflavin to support methylation.
Avoid common mycotoxin containing foods.
If you're one of the 28% of people in the world who have a genetic susceptibility to mould, you may be unable to remove the toxins that have accumulated in your body. Unfortunately, this means that you can help to stop the build-up of these toxins in your body, but you will have difficulty removing them.
In our next article, we'll talk about mouldy foods.
Fat; what sort of chance does it have when it's both the name of a macronutrient and a term to describe the nation's ever increasing waistlines. Ever since we've been old enough to understand, we've been told by nutritional 'experts' and dietitians to decrease our fat intake (especially the dreaded saturated fat) and replace these fats with 'heart healthy' wholegrains, because, well, fat makes us fat. (Read the truth about fat and the food pyramid here).
Forget everything you know about fat!
In this post, we're going to show you why you should be eating more saturated fat.
Good quality saturated fat is more filling than carbs. Constant hunger, or cravings, is our body's way of telling us that it is not being fed correctly. Consuming more saturated fat can help to fuel your body properly and provide you with an instant source of energy that, unlike sugar, won't cause a spike in insulin and then an energy crash.
Fat has the lowest impact on insulin level of all the macronutrients. Your body releases insulin in response to high blood sugar. When the body is continually required to do this, it can burn out, resulting in diabetes. Eating higher fat diets reduce the amount of insulin your pancreas has to pump out.
Fat helps to control your blood glucose level by slowing the absorption of carbs.
Hard to believe, I know, but fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K need fat to be absorbed! Following a low fat diet reduces our ability to absorb these key vitamins.
Fat is the most energy dense macronutrient. And because fat is filling, high-fat dieters often aren't left feeling hungry (or grumpy like low-fat diets). On a high fat diet, appetite tends to be suppressed and dieters end up eating fewer calories without even trying.
When you reduce your carb intake and replace it with fat, your body goes into a metabolic state called ketosis. In ketosis, instead of using your glucose stores for energy, your body taps into its fats stores and burns those for energy instead. Studies have shown that people on low-carb/high-fat diets tend to lose more weight (and faster), than people on low-fat diets.
When our bodies are placed under chronic stress from things such as elevated blood glucose levels, high triglycerides, low HDL levels, high blood pressure and insulin resistance, our bodies can't react with a proper immune system response. This ultimately leads to inflammation in our body. A number of studies have shown that diets high in refined carbohydrates can lead to oxidative stress and high levels of inflammation.
our brains are made up of 60% saturated fat and 25% of our cholesterol is found in our brain. Following low-fat diets that restrict saturated fat consumption and focus on lowering cholesterol starves our brains of the nutrients it needs to function. Saturated fat helps to form myelin, the substance that helps to connect brain cells to each other. Low-fat diets literally starve your brain!
Saturated fat is an essential building block for a variety of hormones in our body. Hormones have a much larger impact on us than we give them credit for. In fact, hormones control all the metabolic processes in our body. The fat in our body is saturated fat, with only 3% of our fat made up of other types. This ratio is critical for our health. The more man-made chemical fats (such as canola and soybean oil) we eat, the more this ratio gets out of whack. The further this ratio gets imbalanced, the more our endocrine system is impacted and the further hormonal disturbances are exacerbated.
Read our post Keto Diet 101 for how to include more fat in your diet.
This post is the second article in our series The Truth About Cholesterol. Read about why we need cholesterol here.
In this post we're going to discuss the fallacy of 'good' and 'bad' cholesterol aka HDL and LDL.
There is no such thing as good and bad cholesterol. In fact HDL and LDL are not even cholesterol but lipo-proteins which act as transport mechanisms for cholesterol.
The propaganda bus has created an irrational fear that LDL is 'bad'. However, our bodies cannot function without LDL – it transports 25% of our total cholesterol to our brain (fun fact – our brain's weight is 20% cholesterol) for neurons to use in the transmission of vital messages between receptors. (Number one side affect of cholesterol lowering statins is memory loss and brain fog!).
HDL, the so called 'good' cholesterol, is the lipo-protein which transports cholesterol from the bloodstream back to the liver for reprocessing.
The real problem isn't the level of LDL, rather the type of LDL particles circulating in the bloodstream. LDL particles can range between small and large – and it's the small ones that are the problem.
Small LDL particles are more susceptible to oxidisation. When these particles oxidise, they create inflammation in our arteries which supply blood to our organs. This can then lead to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
When there is a high level of oxidation present in the body, there also tends to be free radical activity in the tissues. Consuming adequate amounts of antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E prevents oxidative free radical damage.
Consuming artificial, partially hydrogenated oils (trans fats) will not only cause LDL to oxidize, so will a diet high in refined sugars, alcohol and smoking cigarettes. Elevated levels of LDL also may be caused by chemical and heavy metal toxicity, liver toxicity and stress, hypothyroidism and kidney failure.
Calling LDL 'bad' is very misleading, especially if you are not identifying causation.


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NRMjobs Quiz answers 21-Jan-2021
(1) Where on a plant would you find apical meristems? (bonus: where would you find intercalary meristems?).
Answer: Tips of roots and shoots (bonus: Nodes between leaves, or at the base of leaves).
(2) What does the acronym STEM stand for?
Answer: Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics.
(3) Which of the following is not a stem vegetable: (a) Asparagus (b) Broccoli (c) Celery (d) Kohlrabi (e) Rhubarb?
Answer: (b) Broccoli.
(4) Where does this lyric come from? - "Long stem roses are the way to your heart, but he needs to start with your head" (one point each for the artist and the song).
Answer: Madonna / Express Yourself.
(5) What is the main difference between a human stem cell and any other kind of human cell?
Answer: Stem cells are undifferentiated (ie they are 'blanks', with the potential to turn into many different cell types). Other human cells are differentiated, with their cell type already determined.
- January 21, 2021 No comments:
This week's theme: 'Alienists'
(1) What leading, German-born botanist is believed to have deliberately introduced blackberry to Australia in the mid-1800s?
Answer: Ferdinand Mueller.
(2) The tiny town of Boolarra in Victoria's Latrobe Valley is famous for its annual folk music festival. But what is it infamous for?
Answer: The source of the highly invasive Boolarra strain of carp.
(3) What is Thomas Austin infamous for?
Answer: The successful introduction of rabbits to Australia.
(4) What Australian biologist is the author of two books – Feral Future and The New Nature – dealing with invasive species and disrupted ecosystems.
Answer: Tim Low.
(5) True or false?: Cane toads were introduced to Australia by the CSIRO.
Answer: False: Cane toads were introduced by the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations.
NRMjobs Quiz answers 7-Jan-2021
This week's theme: 'Roots'
(1) What is a murnong?
Answer: Yam daisy (Microseris sp.)
(2) Which politician is known colloquially as 'The Beetrooter'?
Answer: Barnaby Joyce.
(3) In which State or Territory is the Canning Stock Route located?
Answer: Western Australia.
(4) What is a pig-root?
Answer: When a horse (or other animal) kicks up with its back legs, while keeping its forelegs on the ground.
(5) What is 'root beer' called in Australia?
Answer: Sarsparilla.
NRMjobs Quiz answers 31-Dec-2020
This week's theme: 'Poles'
(1) Mount Kosciuszko was named in 1840 in honour of a Polish-American hero, Tadeusz Kosciuszko. Who named the mountain?
Answer: Paul Strzelecki.
(2) In Australian meteorology, what do the letters IOD stand for?
Answer: Indian Ocean Dipole.
(3) Which explorer (with his party) was the first to reach the South Pole, on 14 December 1911? (bonus: who came second?).
Answer: Roald Amundsen (bonus: Robert Scott).
(4) What is a pollywog?
Answer: A tadpole.
(5) What did South Australian engineer James Stobie patent in 1925?
Answer: The Stobie pole (electricity / telegraph pole used in place of timber in South Australia).
This week's theme: 'Yule-tide'
1. What Australian island, most of which is now a national park, was named on 25 December, 1643?
Answer: Christmas Island.
2. "The north wind is tossing the leaves…" is the first line of an Australian Christmas carol written in 1948 by John Wheeler and William G James. What is the next line?
Answer: "The red dust is over the town".
3. Anoplognathus is a genus of large beetles in the scarab family, with more than 30 known species in Australia and South Africa. What are they commonly known as?
Answer: Christmas beetles.
4. Who wrote and recorded the Australian Christmas song 'White Wine in the Sun' in 2009?
Answer: Tim Minchin.
5. Austracantha minax is a small, brightly patterned, endemic animal which often lives in large communities in bushland throughout Australia. What is its common name?
Answer: Christmas spider (aka Jewel spider).
6. What once-popular Australian children's Christmas song, released in 1961, has been banned from being played by many childcare centres?
Answer: Six White Boomers.
7. What author and artist, best known for characters based on Australian native seed pods, was first published in the 1889 Christmas edition of the 'W.A. Bulletin'?
Answer: May Gibbs (creator of Gumnut Babies).
8. What do these native flora species from different parts of Australia have in common: Ceratopetalum gummiferum, Prostanthera lasianthos, Bursaria spinosa and Nutsyia floribunda?
Answer: They are all associated with Christmas because of their flowering times (C. gummiferum, B. spinosa and P. lasianthos are all known as 'Christmas bush', N. floribunda is known as 'Christmas tree').
9. How many people were killed at sea and on land by Cyclone Tracy when it struck Darwin in the early hours of Christmas Day, 1974? (a) 16 (b) 44 (c) 71 (d) 108 (e) 132
Answer: (c) 71.
10. What is in the boot when you are "dashing through the bush in a rusty Holden ute" (bonus question: is the back of a ute actually called a boot?).
Answer: Esky (bonus: no idea – just put that in to start arguments). Merry Christmas all.
This week's theme: 'Devils'
(1) What is the usual English name for Karlu Karlu – a natural feature visible from the Stuart Highway about 100 km south of Tennant Creek.
Answer: Devil's Marbles.
(2) What is another word for willy-willy?
Answer: Dust devil.
(3) What company registered the name 'Tasmanian Devil' as a trademark in the 1960s?
Answer: Warner Bros
(4) What is the common name for the Australian desert lizard, Moloch horridus?
Answer: Thorny devil (aka mountain devil).
(5) 'Devil's Dust' was the title of a two-part TV docu-drama, first broadcast on the ABC in 2012. What does the name refer to?
Answer: Asbestos.
This week's theme: 'Coolabah'
(1) What is the origin of the name 'coolabah'.
Answer: Aboriginal name for tree ('gulabaa' in Yuwaalaraay language).
(2) While visiting Dagworth Station in 1895, Banjo Paterson wrote a lyric about a swagman who camped under a coolabah tree. There is now a Waltzing Matilda Centre museum in the nearest town. Where is it?
Answer: Winton, Queensland.
(3) What colour is the Eucalyptus coolabah flower?
Answer: Creamy white.
(4) What Coolabah tree on the bank of Coopers Creek, near Nappa Merrie homestead, was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 2003?
Answer: The Dig Tree (one of two trees emblazoned by William Brahe marking where stores had been buried for the missing Burke and Wills expedition).
(5) Fill in the missing word from this 1970s cask wine advertising jingle: "Where do you … your Coolabah?"
Answer: Hide.
NRMjobs Quiz answers 3-Dec-2020
This week's theme: 'Coinage'
(1) From 1938, what animal was depicted on the reverse side ('tails') of the Australian penny?
Answer: Kangaroo.
(2) What animal was depicted on the 'tails' side of the Australian 1 cent coin?
Answer: Feather tailed glider.
(3) What pre-decimal Australian coin featured the head of a merino ram?
Answer: Shilling.
(4) What animal is depicted on the 'tails' side of the current 5 cent piece?
Answer: Echidna.
(5) In what year did the Royal Australian Mint release a commemorative dollar coin featuring the landcare logo?
Answer: 1993.
NRMjobs Quiz answers 26-Nov-2020
This week's theme: 'Tracks'
(1) Who is the author of the popular book Tracks, Scats and Other Traces - A Field Guide to Australian Mammals?
Answer: Barbara Triggs.
(2) The last Federal Budget (5 October, 2020) confirmed funding to bitumenise an iconic, 472-kilometre outback road. What is the name of the road?
Answer: The Strzelecki Track.
(3) Complete the line: "There's a track winding back to an old fashioned shack along the road to …"
Answer: Gundagai.
(4) The fossilised footprints of what extinct creature can be found on a lakebed near Camperdown in South West Victoria?
Answer: Diprotodon.
(5) The Trans-Australian Railway from Kalgoorlie to Port Augusta includes the longest straight section of train track in the world. The total length without a curve is (a) 258km (b) 368km (c) 478km (d) 588km (e) 698km?
Answer: (c) 478km.
- November 25, 2020 1 comment:
This week's theme: 'Mollusca'
(1) Which of the following is not a mollusc?: (a) Garden snail (b) Oyster (c) Cuttlefish (d) Octopus (e) Earthworm.
Answer: (e) Earthworm.
(2) What hard-shelled, edible mollusc – common in coastal south eastern Australia – shares a common name with a purple-flowering, invasive weed of south eastern Australia?
Answer: Periwinkle.
(3) What invasive marine bivalve mollusc was discovered infesting several marinas in Darwin Harbour in 1999, and was successfully eradicated?
Answer: Black striped mussel (Mytilopsis sallei).
(4) What inhabitant of the Great Barrier Reef (and elsewhere) is the world's largest living bivalve mollusc, growing to more than 200kg.
Answer: Giant clam (Tridacna species).
(5) Australia's largest native land slug, Triboniophorus graeffi, is found along the coast in NSW and Queensland. It takes its common name from a distinctive marking. What is it commonly called?
Answer: Red triangle slug.
- November 18, 2020 No comments:
The NRMjobs quiz (reloaded)
In these extraordinary times, NRMjobs has revived an old tradition* – the NRMjobs Quiz!
This page is where we will publish the answers (so no peeking until you've done the Quiz).
Every Thursday we will publish a five-question Quiz, testing your knowledge of trivia related to the environment, water and natural resource management world.
There is no prize, except pride. The rules are: no Googling, but you can phone a friend.
Meanwhile, NRMjobs will keep advertising jobs and other opportunities as they arise. You can find the job adverts on our:
- NRMjobs website
- NRMjobs weekly email bulletin
- NRMjobs facebook page
- NRMjobs facebook groups
- NRMjobs Twitter feed
- NRMjobs LinkedIn Group
*Long-time followers of NRMjobs might remember we ran a popular monthly Quiz a bit like this one about 15 years ago. We have revived it (at least for a while) to try and lighten the mood in these trying times. It is an experiment (and will probably evolve). Feedback is very welcome.


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Synthecium evansi är en nässeldjursart som först beskrevs av Ellis och Daniel Solander 1786.  Synthecium evansi ingår i släktet Synthecium och familjen Syntheciidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hydrozoer
evansi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Charity Standish
Character ProfileCharity StandishActor ProfileKristina Sisco
Charity Standish (as played by Kristina Sisco on Passions)
Useful information about Charity Standish
* Only daughter of Faith Standish.
* Fought her cousin Kay for years over Miguel.
* Was frozen in ice while �Zombie Charity� took over her life.
Who's played Charity Standish over the years?
Kristina Sisco (November 14, 2006 - 7 February 2007 - recurring)
Molly Stanton (July 14, 1999 - July 22, 2004 - contract)
Past History
Charity grew up an only child of the single Faith Standish. She fell instantly in love with Miguel Lopez-Fitzgerald and that led to her meeting Grace Bennett who turned out to be her aunt. Her house was set on fire by Tabitha (Harmony�s resident witch) and her mother is believed to have perished in the fire. Charity went to Harmony, but had lost her memory and was clueless about who she was. She slowly got her memory back and started to come into her special powers that ran in the women of her family. She continued to grow closer and closer to Miguel, but unfortunately her new found cousin Kay had her sights on Miguel.
Kay pulled stunt after stunt to try and put an end to Charity and Miguel�s relationship. Kay sold her soul to Hecuba and sent Charity to do actual time in the fires of Hell. She finally got rescued and announced her engagement to Miguel. Kay managed to reap havoc yet again when she used the book of spells to trap Charity and create her alter ego�.Zombie Charity. While Charity was frozen (literally), Zombie Charity carried out Kay�s plans to sabotage her relationship with Miguel and also to torture Tabitha and Timmy. That all changed though when Zombie Charity started to think for herself. She planned to seduce Miguel and kill him and also to kill Timmy before he could use the Demon�s Horn to free the real Charity. Luckily the Demon�s Horn was used to free Charity, but she was seriously injured in the process and ended up in the hospital. She was in desperate need of a heart transplant, and Tabitha�s grand-nephew (her beloved living doll) Timmy was the donor. Thanks to his heart, Charity was able to live.
Later Kay announced to the world that she was pregnant and that Miguel was the father. Charity being the good person that she was certainly did not want to deprive the child of a father, but she still loved Miguel with all of her heart. She made the decision to give him up, but later they found their way back to each other. Kay was furious and turned to Tabitha and Endora to fix the situation. Thanks to them, Charity was placed in Reese�s bed and Miguel found her there. The couple broke up and Charity became closer to Reese. Charity left town after many attempts to reconcile with Miguel. She returned to Castleton where her home burned down. Miguel chased after her and was there when she was attacked and almost killed by a dog. He speared the dog (saving Charity�s life) and when he went over to it, he found Kay lying there with a spear in her. Miguel begged Charity to stay in Harmony, but she took Tabitha�s suggestion and left town.
Flings and Relationships
Miguel Lopez-Fitzgerald
John Hastings
Reese Durkee
Faith Standish (mother - deceased)
Grace Standish (maternal aunt)
Noah Bennett (maternal cousin)
Kay Bennett (maternal cousin)
Jessica Bennett (maternal cousin)
Maria Lopez-Fitzgerald (maternal first cousin)


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It's easy to procrastinate about doing work, mowing the lawn or making that phone call you really didn't want to make.
Some things are very hard for me to get around to do while others I'll do right away, and I've found that there's two factors for me that contribute to whether I procrastinate or not.
Trying to get things done when your mind just isn't into it is a recipe for disaster.
If you're feeling sluggish, tired or just not motivated, it's going to take a massive effort to either find the groove or get the job done.
Getting what needs to be done during your peak performance time is critical to working effectively and getting things done that need to be done.
Have you ever pushed yourself to the point where you don't think you can do it anymore?
Take pushups, for example. You start off to do 10, and by the time you reach it, you feel pretty good that you hit your mark, right?
You find yourself at the point where you arms are shaking almost uncontrollably and you don't think you could lift up one more time.
It's called the 40% rule and I'm living my life now strictly by this rule.
When it comes to getting things done, being more productive, and increasing the quality of life for yourself and family, it's often better to create a list of things that you need to stop doing rather than the thing that you need to do.
Psychologically for most people, its easier to make massive changes in life when you can just stop doing something in order to help you get there than to try and get the gumption up to do something you know you should do, but aren't motivated to start.
The thought and strategy behind this is very simple: If you take away everything that you shouldn't do, the only thing left is to do what you should do to begin with, and hence, it's easier to get things done mentally.
This extensive list of things that you should remove from your daily routine shouldn't be incorporated in your life all at once. Start off by just not doing one or two things until they are removed from your habits, then do a couple more. Feel free to add or remove from the list as it pertains to you and your life, and if you have a great tip for others, please leave it in the comments below!
In the last Lifestyle Design post called "How To Find Time To Get Things Done", we looked at finding times where you could feasibly do things to get closer to your dreams and goals.
Just having the time doesn't get you any closer to your goals, however.
Are You Working To Accomplish Something, or Just Working Because It's There?
It's funny how many people say they're hard at work but in reality, they're just going through the motions and looking busy.
I'm one of those people. If there's one thing that working in a corporate environment has taught me, it's that looking busy is more important than actually being busy.