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Q: Using random function in selecting an object if two same distance values I have an ArrayList unsolvedOutlets containing object Outlet that has attributes longitude and latitude.
Using the longitude and latitude of Outlet objects in ArrayList unsolvedOutlets, I need to find the smallest distance in that list using the distance formula : SQRT(((X2 - X1)^2)+(Y2-Y1)^2), wherein (X1, Y1) are given. I use Collections.min(list) in finding the smallest distance.
My problem is if there are two or more values with the same smallest distance, I'd have to randomly select one from them.
Code:
ArrayList<Double> distances = new ArrayList<Double>();
Double smallestDistance = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < unsolvedOutlets.size(); i++) {
    distances.add(Math.sqrt(
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLatitude() - currSolved.getLatitude())*
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLatitude() - currSolved.getLatitude())+
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLongitude() - currSolved.getLongitude())*
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLongitude() - currSolved.getLongitude())));
    distances.add(0.0); //added this to test
    distances.add(0.0); //added this to test
    smallestDistance = Collections.min(distances);
    System.out.println(smallestDistance);
}

The outcome in the console would print out 0.0 but it wont stop. Is there a way to know if there are multiple values with same smallest value. Then I'd incorporate the Random function. Did that make sense? lol but if anyone would have the logic for that, it would be really helpful!!
Thank you!

A: Keep track of the indices with min distance in your loop and after the loop choose one at random:
Random random = ...
...
List<Integer> minDistanceIndices = new ArrayList<>();

double smallestDistance = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < unsolvedOutlets.size(); i++) {
    double newDistance = Math.sqrt(
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLatitude() - currSolved.getLatitude())*
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLatitude() - currSolved.getLatitude())+
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLongitude() - currSolved.getLongitude())*
        (unsolvedOutlets.get(i).getLongitude() - currSolved.getLongitude()));
    distances.add(newDistance);
    if (newDistance < smallestDistance) {
         minDistanceIndices.clear();
         minDistanceIndices.add(i);
         smallestDistance = newDistance;
    } else if (newDistance == smallestDistance) {
         minDistanceIndices.add(i);
    }
}

if (!unsolvedOutlets.isEmpty()) {
     int index = minDistanceIndices.get(random.nextInt(minDistanceIndices.size()));
     Object chosenOutlet = unsolvedOutlets.get(index);
     System.out.println("chosen outlet: "+ chosenOutlet);
}

As Jon Skeet mentioned you don't need to take the square root to compare the distances.
Also if you want to use distances on a sphere your formula is wrong:
With your formula you'll get the same distance for (0° N, 180° E) to (0° N, 0° E) as for (90° N, 180° E) to (90° N, 0° E), but while you need to travel around half the earth to travel from the first to the second, the last 2 coordinates both denote the north pole.

A: Note: I believe fabian's solution is superior to this, but I've kept it around to demonstrate that there are many different ways of implementing this...
I would probably:

*

*Create a new type which contained the distance from the outlet as well as the outlet (or just the square of the distance), or use a generic Pair type for the same purpose

*Map (using Stream.map) the original list to a list of these pairs

*Order by the distance or square-of-distance

*Look through the sorted list until you find a distance which isn't the same as the first one in the list

You then know how many - and which - outlets have the same distance.
Another option would be to simply shuffle the original collection, then sort the result by distance, then take the first element - that way even if multiple of them do have the same distance, you'll be taking a random one of those.
JB Nizet's option of "find the minimum, then perform a second scan to find all those with that distance" would be fine too - and quite possibly simpler :) Lots of options...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Magical Nyan Nyan Taruto (魔法少女猫たると)
Magical Nyan Nyan Taruto (魔法少女猫たると Majikaru Nyan Nyan Taruto) is a Japanese anime television series. The series centers around the exploits of a race of pet cats, drawn as catgirls and the occasional catboy.
The heroine of the story, Taruto is believed to be the legendary Kinka princess. She often is found goofing around and talking with her master, who she admires deeply. She loves adventure, and she is often bullied by Charlotte. She always says "meow" or "nyan" after every saying she says. In the final episode it is revealed that the Kinka kingdom had two princesses. Taruto is the older sister of the twins. (Also, Taruto is the name of an alien character in Tokyo Mew Mew)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_Meow_Meow_Taruto
Magical Meow Meow Taruto Anime Legends Complete Collection(Amazon.com)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dr Drouganis is our principle periodontist with over 35 years' experience. He started his career as a general dentist and has worked as a Specialist Periodontist since 2000.
Dr Drouganis holds undergraduate and postgraduate degrees from Adelaide University and has published papers in national and international journals on periodontics.
Having co-conducted post graduate courses at Adelaide University, Dr Drouganis has dedicated part of his time as an undergraduate tutor. He prides himself on practicing cutting edge techniques which will improve the overall results to his patients.


Beau F. Amos named Man of the month by 'Parkiet' magazine!
Please note, that Black Water Private Equity does not exist. This page was made only for purpose of EY Financial Challenger contest and should not be treated as an offer to invest in private equity fund nor invitation for partnership between companies and the fund.


text:
Innovation is the air we breathe.
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Sheltair Aviation
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Denver (Rocky Mountain Metropolitan) Airport
BAN's World Gazetteer
Sheltair takes root west of the Mississippi
Sheltair is providing services at Rocky Mountain Metropolitan from temporary buildings, but work has now begun on a full-service FBO facility which is expected to be base for 20 employees.
Last year Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport handled 171,994 aircraft movements.
Sheltair Aviation has broken ground on its full-service FBO at Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport, which will provide the region with a 21-acre, $20 million dollar complex that includes a new terminal, hangar and build-to-suit office space opportunities.
Once complete in 2020, the facility will mark Sheltair's first FBO presence west of the Mississippi. The company has grown its reputation along the eastern seaboard for more than 30 years.
Jefferson County Manager Don Davis comments: "Our local aviation community expressed a strong desire for an expansion of available aeronautical services and I believe Sheltair's arrival at Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport will provide that expansion through high quality services. We are excited to welcome the Sheltair team to Jefferson County and know they will make RMMA the regional airport of choice."
The construction milestone reflects Phase One of Sheltair's development plans at KBJC with a new 10,000 sq ft FBO facility featuring 10 acres of aircraft parking apron, parking for up to 120 vehicles, a covered aircraft canopy that can accommodate large cabin class aircraft, and 'Blue Ribbon' pilot and guest amenities. Some 20 employees are expected to staff the Sheltair facility.
During construction Sheltair will continue to provide aviation services from temporary structures.
Sheltair has formed strategic alliances with Tectonic Management Group, tasked with the design and build, and Project One-Cumming, which is providing project management and owner's representation services for the development.
Chairman and CEO Jerry Holland says: "We are proud and honoured to serve the aviation community, and the regional economy, that depends on a strong and dynamic KBJC. When we made the strategic decision to expand our company's presence westward we quickly realised that Jefferson County would be a welcoming partner because its public and private leadership recognises the power of general aviation. Accordingly, they have been enormously supportive of our plans. We look forward to meeting their expectations as construction on this facility gets underway."
Rocky Mountain is the fourth busiest airport in Colorado and during 2018 it handled 171,994 aircraft operations, an average of 471 per day.
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Sheltair opens its first Texas FBO
Sheltair has already begun serving customers in the Lone Star State following its purchase of US Jet Center at Denton Enterprise airport.
Sheltair relocates HQ to Fort Lauderdale Executive
Home to the company's real estate division for over 40 years, the airport was a logical choice when deciding where to land its new headquarters.
Savannah hangar to host Sheltair FBO services and storage
Sheltair's large cabin class-size hangar expansion has been designed to accommodate aircraft such as the Gulfstream G650 and Global 7000. It is now ready to support both based aircraft and transient operators.


text:
The Slightly Odd World of Phil Whiteland
Enter the slightly odd world of Phil Whiteland for a different view of today and yesterday that you might just find amusing.
Animal Turns
Animal Turns For some time now I've thought it might be a good idea to put together a collection of my stories that feature ani...
A Waggy Dog Story!
I usually aim to have a book ready to publish in time for Christmas and this year is no exception. However, there are a few exceptions to the norm this year (well, there would be, this being 2020 and everything).
Firstly, the book this year is available in paperback only (so it makes a great stocking-filler present, always assuming you want your stockings filled?) Secondly, it's a collection of fictional short stories, as opposed to my usual diet of humorous nostalgia (which I call 'nostalgedy' even if no-one else does) and thirdly, this is a book aimed at children rather than adults (although I'm convinced that more than a few adults will enjoy the jokes and situations).
I think the simplest thing would be for me to quote from the book's blurb:
"A collection of amusing and heart-warming stories about Packham and India, the two dogs at TURN Education. Although written for children, we strongly expect quite a few adults will enjoy the jokes and situations that arise as Packham and India try to make sense of their world. Starting from when India was just a puppy and learning the ropes (although she always had the measure of Packham) through to them moving to the smallholding where they, and the rest of the animals, now live. Finally, coming up to date and introducing some familiar faces around TURN.
All profits from the sale of this collection go to TURN Education to help with their remarkable animal -related therapy work with children, young people and their families.
Sadly, after a brief and entirely unexpected illness, Packham passed away just as this book was being finalised for publication. Caroline insisted that this book should still be published in memory of Packham and to celebrate his life, and the joy and love he brought to everyone who knew him.
This is for Packham."
15 stories in 155 pages for just £4.99! Makes a great Christmas present. You can buy it from Amazon at http://mybook.to/WaggyDogTales and we would be delighted if you did BUT of the £4.99 cover price, Amazon take £4.25, which is fair enough as they do all of the printing and distribution, but doesn't leave a lot left to donate to TURN Education (you can find out more about TURN at www.turneducation.co.uk) Whereas, if you buy directly from me, £2.40 per copy at least goes to TURN (the rest goes to Amazon).
To get your copy, email me at:
wag@philwhiteland.co.uk
and, to prove that there are some things in this life that are free, follow the link below to see and hear me read the title story:
A Waggy Dog Story
Posted by Philip Whiteland at 09:17 No comments:
One Page Won't Do!
Way back in the music history of the 1980s, a lady called Audrey Hall had a one-hit-wonder with a song called 'One Dance Won't Do'. You may remember it? If not, you can find it here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pbWf5tb_CA
I've come to the conclusion that I can sympathise with her! Not in terms of dancing, one dance with me would be more than enough for anyone! No, I'm thinking, instead, about readers and, in particular, a couple who have recently read just one page of my latest tome.
You may be surprised to learn that authors who have books listed under the Kindle Unlimited programme can see how many pages of each book have been read on a daily basis. As I spend my waking hours pathetically checking the orders for my books and pages read (usually '0' on both counts), I'm always pleased to see a number come up under the Pages Read heading and then wait to see if that number advances, which would indicate someone is steadily reading (and hopefully enjoying) said book.
However, twice in the past week or so, the Pages Read total for my latest book has shown '1' and then resolutely failed to show any increase thereafter. Which begs the question 'Who, in their right senses, reads just one page of a book?' Moreover, this presumably is the Title Page! I began to wonder if I had completely lost the plot and whether, instead of putting
Grave Expectations
as I had intended, I had instead put
Naff Off And Don't Come Back Again!
but I've checked and this doesn't appear to be the case. So, I'm at a loss. I can't, for the life of me, see what can be so completely off-putting about the Title Page that two readers, to date, have got thus far and no further!
Perhaps you would like to see what you think? You don't even have to risk 99p in the endeavour. You can 'Look Inside' on the Amazon book page or, if you're a member of Kindle Unlimited, you can read the whole thing for FREE (and I can follow the pages read, which doesn't sound much but keeps me amused)
You can find the book that two people couldn't bring themselves to read, here:
and you can hear a sample story, here:
https://youtu.be/2cDx-YyzkRg
Introducing Josiah Oakshott and Archibald Thurble
I've recently been taking a break from writing my usual 'nostalgedy' stories about growing up in Burton upon Trent in the 1950s and 1960s to return to my first love of writing humorous fiction. In particular, I've thoroughly enjoyed writing stories about my pair of hapless Undertakers, Josiah Oakshott and Archibald Thurble of Oakshott and Underwood. These stories have now been collected in two Kindle books, as follows:
A Dubious Undertaking and other stories -
the first collection of stories about Josiah and Archibald
http://getbook.at/ADubiousUndertaking
A selection of darkly humorous tales about two hapless undertakers, Josiah Oakshott and Archibald Thurble, and the troubles that befall them and their clients. Also, some stories about two precocious children you really wouldn't want to tangle with - Peregrine and Prudence. If you want to know who blew up the crematorium, why Mrs Anderby had an unfortunate encounter with some potting compost and how an Anti-Santa found himself in captivity, you could do a lot worse than read this book! If you like your humour slightly dark and rather silly, then this is the tome for you.
Grave Expectations - the further misadventures of
Josiah Oakshott and Archibald Thurble
http://getbook.at/graveexpectations
The second book featuring Josiah and Archibald and this time all the stories are about their misadventures dealing with irate mourners, V.E. Day, social bubbles, unexpected musical tracks at cremations, the difficulties of 'staying alert', pub reopening, face masks, promotion, dismissal, pyres for Viking chieftains, the oedipus complex, feuding fiancees, personnel management and office romance. All this and the pandemic too!
and you can enjoy the title story of 'A Dubious Undertaking' for FREE by watching this:
Taking the Tablet!
My grandson was stilll not convinced that Packham had properly understood the nature of the virus in the last story "The Walrus and the Aunteater", so I decided to have one last go. I couldn't see much humorous potential in this, but it turned out I was wrong!
In the warming rays of the mid-morning sunshine, Packham stretched out on the decking. A gentle breeze played over his fur, happily keeping him from getting too hot.
This was definitely Packham's favourite spot to snooze. In the distance he could hear the bleating of the sheep and the goats as they grazed in the field beyond. Behind him came the insistent quacking of one or more of the small ducks as they bickered and bustled around the yard. Geese honked with annoyance whenever anyone got too close to them, which was most of the time, and hens clucked and pecked contentedly just about everywhere.
It was the usual background noise at TURN Education and he normally found he could doze peacefully through it all, except for this morning. Amidst the bleating and the quacking, the honking and the clucking, he could hear a regular set of growls, each growl followed by a dragging noise. Packham debated whether to look up and see what was causing it but decided he was happier dozing and not knowing.
After a short while, the growls and dragging came steadily closer to where Packham was sunbathing. He felt something being dropped beside him, followed by a short 'woof' that could only come from India. Packham opened one eye and stared, with a degree of annoyance, at his companion.
"Wha' you want?" He murmured, sleepily.
"Brought you something" India replied.
Packham made the effort to open his eye again and looked at what lay at India's paws. It was a magazine, or, more accurately, what was left of a magazine after it had been dragged out of the house and across the yard by a Labrador.
"Not interested, can't read" Packham dismissed the offering and tried to go back to sleep.
"You don't need to read it" India explained, "it's a picture"
Packham opened both eyes and yawned loudly. Stretching all his limbs as far as they would go, he reluctantly sat up and regarded his young companion.
"Picture? You've woken me up for a picture? You know how much I need my mid-morning snooze!"
"It's important" India pushed the open magazine toward Packham, "you see that thing there?" India's nose touched a picture of a round object covered in little spikes, the whole thing was displayed in a disturbing mix of purples and dark blues.
"Ooh, that looks nasty" Packham's nose twitched in disapproval, "what is it?"
"That," said India, triumphantly, "is what's causing people to be ill. It's called a 'virus'"
"A 'virus'?"
"Yep, Flynn was just telling me about it" India looked very superior.
"Not a walrus?"
"Absolutely not!" India smirked.
"What's a walrus, then?" Packham was not convinced.
"Oh, for goodness sake! Hang on a minute, but get ready to run, ok?" India trotted off back into the house.
"Run? What do you mean, 'run'?" Packham shouted after her but no answer came.
He was just about to settle down to resume his snooze when he heard a major commotion break out. Seconds later, India came bounding out with something metallic in her mouth. She skidded to a halt in front of Packham and lowered her prize carefully onto the decking before him.
"See that picture there? That's a walrus!" India panted.
Packham could see a large gingery-brown creature with ripples of fat, huge whiskers and even larger tusks. The whole appearance was quite startling and made him jump back. Back in the house, the dogs could hear another conversation taking place.
"India's run off with my iPad!"
"SHE'S WHAT??"
"Oh no, you haven't taken Flynn's iPad? You're going to be in so much trouble!" Packham warned.
"It was the only way I could show you what a walrus looked like. Flynn had been showing me"
"Oh, Flynn had been showing you, had he?" Packham asked huffily. He liked to think that Flynn confided only in him.
"INDIA, WHERE ARE YOU?"
"I told you, you would get in trouble" Packham smirked.
"PACKHAM, COME HERE THIS MINUTE!"
"Ha! Not just me, then." India giggled, "come on, we'd better make a run for it"
"Bottom of the field" Packham panted as he and India bounded away, "we'll hide under the hedge until this all blows over"
Moments later they were safely tucked under the hedgerow, peering cautiously through the branches to see if they could spot anyone in the distance.
"So, where does Maxine come into all of this 'virus' thingy?" Packham asked, in a way that implied he wasn't all that interested really.
"There is no 'Maxine', you silly old dog! You misunderstood. It's a 'vaccine' they're looking for"
"'Vaccine'? What's one of them?" Packham hated being in the wrong.
"Well, you were mostly right before…" India began.
"See! Told you!" Packham responded, smugly.
"It is about putting a little, harmless, version of the virus into you, sort of. That way your body knows how to fight it if the real thing comes along."
"The Aunties!" Packham nodded.
"No, it's nothing to do with Aunties but I'm not really sure what does it"
"Hah, now who's silly, eh?"
"But, I think you've got like these little super-hero type things in your body and when something nasty turns up, they fly in and get rid of it for you"
"I think I preferred the idea of Aunties" Packham huffed, "what about if you've already got this virus inside you? What can they do about that?"
"Well, you know those sticky-up things we saw on the 'virus'?"
"Yes, I didn't like the look of them" Packham shivered.
"Well, they think if you could gum them up, somehow, that might stop the 'virus' making people so poorly. That's what they're trying to find, something to do the 'gumming up', I think" India frowned as she tried to make sense of it all, which isn't easy when you're a dog. "I know we're involved."
Packham turned to look at her, "What, you and me?"
"No, silly! Labradors"
"Labradors are involved in finding something to stop this virus?" Packham asked, disbelievingly.
"Yes, because Flynn said that Research Labs around the world were working on it"
"Well, I suppose that does make sense. We are highly intelligent." Packham thought it over for a bit before continuing, "I still don't see how people catch this virus. I mean, it's easily as big as the walrus. You would see it coming from miles away!"
"Ah, no, that's where you're wrong!" India shook her head, vigorously, making her ears flap wildly. "Flynn explained that to me. That picture shows what the 'virus' would look like if it was really, really big. Actually, it's so tiny, you can't see it, which is why it can creep up on people and get inside them"
"Gosh! Makes your fur creep to think about it, doesn't it?" Packham looked around, warily, as if expecting a spiked blue and purple thing to come bounding out of the branches around them.
"Yeah, you can see why people have been keeping a long way from each other, can't you?" India nodded, "because you never know who might have the 'virus'"
"Can't be a lot of fun being people at the moment"
"No, there's a lot to be said for being a Labrador right now" India agreed. "Especially if you're a Research Lab helping them find a cure"
"PACKHAM! INDIA! WHERE ARE YOU?"
"But, perhaps not exactly RIGHT NOW!" Packham ducked down as low as he could and tried to blend into the hedge.
"We can't hide in here forever" India said, glumly, as she tried to shuffle down into the leaves and twigs.
"Oh, I don't know. We could give it a try" Packham whispered, "anyway, I don't see why I'm in trouble, I haven't done anything wrong!"
"Well, I wouldn't have had to bring you those pictures if you hadn't gone on about Pandas, Walruses and Maxines" India grumbled.
"I don't think I was that far wrong, really" Packham suggested, rather optimistically. "Hey, you know how you could get out of trouble, don't you?"
"How?" India asked, suspiciously.
"You could tell them…" He started to giggle uncontrollably, "…you could tell them you were just taking a tablet for the virus!" Packham roared with laughter and ended up on his back with all four legs pointing upward, tail wagging furiously.
"Boys are just so silly!" India snapped, but couldn't stop her tail wagging too.
You can find a lot more of Philip's fiction in the brand new book 'A Dubious Undertaking and other stories' available now for just 99p - and FREE on Kindle Unlimited :-)
The Walrus and the Aunteater
Packham and India
My grandson wanted a sequel to 'A Panda Called Mick ', so this is it. Being of an orderly mind, he wanted Packham to understand what was really going on this time, which is something of a tall order for a Chocolate Labrador but we've given it our best shot ;-)
Packham and India were racing each other across the field to try to be first to grab the, rather battered and distinctly smelly, tennis ball that had just been thrown for them. Packham was first to it but skidded on the wet grass and missed it by inches. India, just at his heels, grabbed it from under his nose and galloped on with her tail in the air.
"Ahg god ther gall, Ahg god ther gall!" She said, triumphantly, in a sing-song voice.
Packham, who had been chasing after her, stopped suddenly and sat down. He regarded her with a frown and then, tipping his head to one side, he said, quite politely, "Pardon?"
"Ah gaid, Ahg god ther…oh" India dropped the ball at her feet and continued, "I said that…"
But Packham had sprung up and whipped the ball from in front of her.
"Hah, hah, ha, hah, hah" He laughed in a sing-song way, "Nah, Ahg god ther gall"
"That's cheating!" India scowled, "It's always the same, boys always cheat!"
"No, ee gon't!" Packham retorted; his mouth still full of tennis ball.
"Do!" India shouted back, "anyway, I'm not sure we should be out here. Not with the…" She looked all around her, carefully, before saying in a whisper, "not with the Panda about"
"Ah" Packham stopped cavorting around and sat down in front of her. He dropped the ball at his feet and quickly placed his right front paw on top of it, when he saw India about to lunge forward. "I've been having a conversation with Flynn about that and I'm not sure I was absolutely right"
"You've been having a conversation with Flynn? Did you have much to say to him?" India asked, sarcastically.
"Well, all right, I was listening to Flynn then." Packham admitted, "He doesn't speak Dog, but he told me all about it" he added, importantly.
"I assume it doesn't involve a Panda?" India asked with one raised eyebrow.
"Well, no" Packham said in a low voice and stared hard at the ground, to avoid India's gaze, "it doesn't."
"So what it is it then? An invisible antelope? A gorilla? Perhaps it's a gnu?" India sniggered.
"No, it's none of those things"
"And you were listening properly this time?" India's eyebrow was still firmly raised.
"Well, yes, only there was some important scratching that I'd got to do and I'm still looking for that dog biscuit that I'm sure I dropped in the crate, you know. But I think I got most of it." Packham took a deep breath and tried to remember everything he had been told. "It's like this. You know when you were a pup and you had to go to the vet's and they stuck things in the back of your neck?"
"Oh, don't remind me!" India lay down on the ground and covered her face with her front paws, "that was awful."
"Well, you remember that you didn't feel very well for a day or two afterwards?"
"Yeah, I don't know why?" India nodded.
"Well, Flynn says that it's because of a walrus."
"A walrus?" India was astonished.
"Yes, they give you a little tiny version of this walrus that would make you really poorly if you caught it normally. It's called Maxine."
"This tiny walrus is called Maxine?" India now had both eyebrows raised. "Why would they do that? Sounds like a horrible thing to do to a puppy!" She said, indignantly.
"Ah, but that's the clever bit!" Packham said, proudly showing off his new found knowledge, "what happens is, there are these helpful things inside you, called Aunties, that are really good at fighting things like walruses, and when they come across this little tiny walrus…"
"Called Maxine?" India suggested.
"Yes, called Maxine…then they can quickly jump up and down on it and kick it out. So, they learn how to beat it when it's tiny, then if the bigger version ever gets in, they're ready for it! Cool, isn't it?" Packham grinned.
"And these helpful things, these Aunties…?"
"Yes, they're great. They use their bodies to fight the walrus." Packham explained, "Auntie bodies, you see. There's a lot of them and they're all really helpful. There's Auntie Bacterial, Auntie Biotic and Auntie Histamine for a start off."
"So, like Auntie Jody who comes to help Mum?"
"Exactly" Packham nodded vigorously, "and look how helpful she is. She wouldn't have any problems with a walrus now, would she?"
"I shouldn't think so" India agreed.
"But, if you don't have this Maxine, and we haven't got one at the moment, then we're all at risk from these walruses and that's dangerous because they're…" Packham realised that he was definitely getting out of his depth here.
"Aunt-eaters?" India suggested.
"Brilliant!" Packham said, much relieved, "yes, Aunt-eaters, very good! Where did you get that from?"
"I think I heard Flynn mention them when he was reading one of his wildlife books" India mused, "you know, I think I was happier when it was invisible Pandas we had to worry about"
"It's not a problem" Packham said, reassuringly, "as long as people stay away from other people, then the walruses can't get close enough to get in there. The trouble is that no-one's had the little tiny Maxine walrus, because there isn't one, yet, so our Aunties aren't ready for them"
"So, our Aunties are all sitting around knitting and drinking tea and things. Then, if the walruses get in, they don't know how to deal with them and might get eaten?"
"Exactly!" Packham beamed at this student, "you've got it! But most of the time, the Aunties are more than a match for the walruses and they win. It's just that, sometimes, very occasionally…"
"They don't?"
"No, they don't" Packham agreed, shaking his head, sadly.
"Well," India sat up and scratched her left ear, enthusiastically, "I've heard it all, now! You're sure you've got it right this time?"
"Absolutely! If you think about it, it all makes sense" Packham said confidently. Seeing India scratching had set him off and he started to do the same, which meant that his front paw moved away from the ball. India saw her chance and leapt forward.
"Ahg god ther gall, Ahg god ther gall" She sang, happily.
"Oh, for heaven's sake!" Packham grumbled, but pretty soon the two dogs were chasing and tumbling over one another, all thoughts of walruses, Aunties and invisible Pandas long forgotten.
You can find a lot more of these stories about Packham and India in the new collection 'Animal Turns' available in paperback and Kindle editions. All profits from the sale of this book go to support the work of TURN Education C.I.C.. To find out more about TURN (and the roles of Packham and India) please follow this link:
www.turneducation.co.uk
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Find Trails > Ohio > Wooster > Wooster Walking Trails
Wooster, OH Walking Trails and Maps
Looking for the best Walking trails around Wooster?
Find the top rated walking trails in Wooster, whether you're looking for an easy short walking trail or a long walking trail, you'll find what you're looking for. Click on a walking trail below to find trail descriptions, trail maps, photos, and reviews.
Bedford Reservation All Purpose Trail
Berlin Lake Trail
Big Creek Reservation All Purpose Trail
Bike and Hike Trail
Brecksville Reservation All Purpose Trail
Bridgeway Trail
Chippewa Inlet Trail
Chippewa Rail-Trail
Cleveland Foundation Centennial Trail
Cleveland Lakefront Bikeway
Conotton Creek Trail
Coshocton Three Rivers Bikeway
County Line Trail (OH)
Downtown Connector Trail
Freedom Trail (OH)
Garfield Park Reservation All Purpose Trail
Headwaters Trail
Heart of Ohio Trail
Asphalt, Ballast
Heartland Trail
Holmes County Trail
Hoover Park Connector Trail
Huron River Greenway MetroPark Trail
Kokosing Gap Trail
Lake to Lake Trail
Lester Rail Trail
Loudonville Pedestrian and Bicycle Pathway
Mahoning Valley Trail
Mill Stream Run Reservation All Purpose Trail
Mohican Valley Trail
Morgana Run Trail
Muskingum Recreational Trail
Nickelplate Trail (OH)
North Coast Inland Trail (Huron County)
North Coast Inland Trail (Lorain County)
North Olmsted Walking & Bike Trail
Ohio & Erie Canal Reservation All Purpose Trail
Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail
Asphalt, Boardwalk, Crushed Stone
Ohio to Erie Trail
Olde Muskingum Trail
Panhandle Passage Trail
Portage Hike and Bike Trail
Richland B&O Trail
Rocky River Reservation All Purpose Trail
Sippo Valley Trail
South Chagrin Reservation All Purpose Trail
Stark Electric Railway Trail
Steel Mill Trail
Zeisberger Trail
Zoar Valley Trail
Asphalt, Ballast, Dirt, Grass
Less than 20 miles from Cleveland, the Bedford Reservation offers a scenic, natural oasis with many amenities and attractions, including opportunities for hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding and...
OH 7.6 mi Asphalt
The Berlin Lake Trail lies mid-way between Cleveland and Pittsburgh in Deerfield Township of Portage County. The 2-mile crushed limestone rail-trail crosses Berlin Lake, traveling through wooded areas...
OH 2.2 mi Crushed Stone
Big Creek Reservation All Purpose Trail provides a paved pathway connecting the Mill Stream Run Reservation, Big Creek Reservation, and the Fern Hill Picnic Area. At its southern end, you can connect...
Though not far from two of Ohio's largest cities, Cleveland and Akron, the Bike and Hike Trail passes alongside beautiful natural areas, including the 65-foot Brandywine Falls, a stunning cascading...
OH 34.2 mi Asphalt
The Brecksville Reservation All Purpose Trail offers a pleasant paved pathway connecting the community of Brecksville with the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail, a well-loved 81-mile route from...
The Brideway Trail is found within the Black River Reservation, a park in Lorain County, where you can walk, jog, inline skate, cross-country ski or bike. The trail runs between Day's Dam in Lorain...
The Chippewa Inlet Trail runs for nearly 4 miles between Lafayette Road/State Route 42 and the Chippewa Nature Area. The trail traverses an open, pastoral landscape along the Chippewa Inlet, which...
OH 3.95 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The Chippewa Rail Trail runs for 2.4 miles between Chippewa Road (SR 50) in Chippewa Lake to suburban Wycliffe Drive southwest of Medina (Lafayette Township). The trail is mostly rural in feel,...
When completed, the Cleveland Foundation Centennial Trail will make a critical connection between Cleveland's downtown neighborhoods and the vast Lake Erie. As of August 2015, the first phase of the...
OH 0.25 mi Asphalt
The Cleveland Lakefront Bikeway extends 17 miles along the city's Lake Erie shoreline, between the suburbs of Euclid and Lakewood. The bikeway has on-road sections, and the route is signed. The...
OH 17 mi Asphalt
Once the corridor of the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway, today the 11.2-mile Conotton Creek Trail offers complete immersion in a bucolic setting in northeastern Ohio. Situated in the rolling...
The Coshocton Three Rivers Bikeway provides safe and direct access from the City of Coshocton to the Coshocton Lake Park Recreational Complex and historic Roscoe Village. Two crossings under US 36...
The County Line Trail travels the path of the former Erie Lackawanna Railroad between Rittman and Creston. A highlight of the trail is a former Baltimore & Ohio freight station located just west of...
Although the Downtown Connector Trail is short, just a mile through Mount Vernon, it's a key connector between the Kokosing Gap Trail, which heads east to Danville, and the Heart of Ohio Trail, which...
OH 1 mi Asphalt
Northern Ohio's Freedom Trail currently offers more than 7 miles of tree-lined pathway along the former Freedom Secondary Railroad. From Eastwood Avenue in eastern Akron, the paved trail follows a...
The Garfield Park Reservation All Purpose Trail is located in Garfield Heights, a southeastern suburb of Cleveland. The paved pathway spans nearly four miles through the Garfield Park Reservation,...
The bucolic Headwaters Trail is a pleasant 8-mile journey through the rural landscape between Mantua and Garrettsville. The path has a crushed-stone surface and is mostly shaded. It follows the route...
OH 8 mi Crushed Stone
True to its name, the Heart of Ohio Trail lies in the central part of the state, extending from Mount Vernon southwest to the Knox-Licking County line just south of Centerburg. Along its nearly 16...
OH 15.7 mi Asphalt, Ballast
The Heartland Trail is a developing rail-trail project that will one day connect the northeastern Ohio communities of Orrville and Clinton. A mile of the pathway is already on the ground in Orrville,...
Holmes County, located in northeastern Ohio, is the heart of the state's Amish country. Visitors to this rural enclave will find meandering country roads and bucolic natural areas, as well as the...
Hoover Park Connector Trail sits between Applegrove Street to the north and Maple Street to the south in the heart of North Canton, Ohio. The limestone and asphalt trail winds from west from the...
The Huron River Greenway MetroPark Trail has two separate segments, each just under 1 mile long. The northern (Huron) segment runs from DuPont Marsh State Nature Preserve off River Road and heads...
The Kokosing Gap Trail delights visitors with its rich railroad history, which is on display throughout the paved route. Once the corridor of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the rail-trail now connects the...
Cleveland Metroparks' Lake to Lake Trail links Lake Isaac and Lake Abram in Middleburg Heights via an asphalt- and boardwalk-surfaced path. The two lakes are the largest remaining glacial wetlands in...
OH 2.4 mi Asphalt, Boardwalk
The Lester Rail Trail in Ohio's Medina County runs 3 miles between Abbeyville Road and Lester Road in York Township. The trail passes through bucolic farmland with scattered remnants of prairie, where...
OH 3 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The Loudonville Pedestrian and Bicycle Pathway is nestled in a scenic valley in a small town nicknamed the "Canoe Capital of Ohio." The trail begins in downtown Loudonville, crosses the Blackfork...
The 4.5-mile Mahoning Valley Trail snakes its way south from the Deer Creek Reservoir to the City of Alliance. The reservoir is a popular amenity for fishing, kayaking, canoeing, and bird-and-wildlife...
OH 4.5 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
For nearly 9 miles, the Mill Stream Run Reservation All Purpose Trail runs through a wooded park in Berea, a western suburb of Cleveland. Though the trail loosely parallels Valley Parkway, you will...
The Mohican Valley Trail runs for nearly 5 miles along a former right-of-way of the old Penn Central Railroad on the eastern edge of Knox County, between Brinkhaven and Danville. The trail features...
The Morgana Run Trail runs on a former Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway corridor through Cleveland's historic Slavic Village neighborhood. The paved rail-trail connects residents to Cleveland...
The Muskingum Recreation Trail runs for 4.5 miles along a ballast trail between Main Street in Dresden and Rock Cut Road. The trail offers views of the Muskingum River, with impressive rock...
OH 4.5 mi Asphalt, Ballast
Ohio's Nickel Plate Trail runs for 2.5 miles from 5th Street near Ravenna Avenue (Metzger Park) to Swallen Avenue south of town. The wooded corridor follow an old railroad right-of-way through parks,...
The North Coast Inland Trail is a series of trails across multiple northern Ohio counties that, as they expand and connect, are emerging as an impressive long-distance trail between Cleveland and...
OH 15.6 mi Crushed Stone
The North Coast Inland Trail will one day stretch across northern Ohio from Indiana to Pennsylvania on a network of connecting off-road trails. Today, large sections of the trail, especially from the...
OH 19.3 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The short North Olmsted Walking & Bike Trail parallels Interstate 480 and provides an alternate, non-motorized route linking neighborhoods with green spaces and business districts.
South of Cleveland, the Ohio & Erie Canal Reservation All Purpose Trail offers an outdoor excursion of just over 7 miles in Cuyahoga Heights. A good place to begin your journey is at the CanalWay...
The Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail is an amazing trail journey that takes users from the heart of this country's industrial might in cities like Cleveland and Akron, to some of the most beautiful...
OH 81.1 mi Asphalt, Boardwalk, Crushed Stone
The Ohio to Erie Trail is a colossal project, not just for the state of Ohio but also nationally. Dreamed up more than 25 years ago, this route will eventually connect the Ohio River in Cincinnati to...
OH 271.9 mi Asphalt, Concrete, Crushed Stone
The Olde Muskingum Trail parallels the Tuscarawas River and the Ohio & Erie Canalway between Cherry Street in Canal Fulton and Forty Corners Road just north of Massillon. The 6-mile scenic trail has a...
Don't let the Panhandle Passage Trail's small stature fool you, it is just the start of an incredible adventure that awaits you in Tuscarawas County and one that you will remember for years to come....
The Portage Hike and Bike Trail stretches nearly 10 miles between Kent and Ravenna, about 40 miles southeast of Cleveland and the southern shores of Lake Erie. As of December 2015, its entire length...
Traveling just over 18 miles through some of the most scenic areas of the Buckeye State, the Richland B&O Trail is an ideal way to immerse yourself in the region. Built partially as a result of the...
The Rocky River Reservation All Purpose Trail parallels Valley Parkway through several western suburbs of Cleveland, but this is no traditional suburban side path. Instead, the winding trail through...
Following a portion of the former Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad corridor, the Sippo Valley Trail spans 10 miles between Dalton and Massillon in northwestern Ohio, presenting a mix of rolling farmland,...
OH 10 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The South Chagrin Reservation All Purpose Trail offers a paved route just over 7 miles through its namesake park in northeastern Ohio. From its western end on Richmond Road, the trail follows Hawthorn...
The Stark Electric Railway Trail runs on a former interurban rail line that linked Canton and Salem via Louisville, Alliance and Sebring from 1902 to 1939. The company was nicknamed the 'Bachelor...
OH 1.15 mi Asphalt, Concrete
The Steel Mill Trail is a 2-mile continuation of the Bridgeway Trail, which lies within the Black River Reservation, a scenic wooded park in Lorain. The Steel Mill Trail picks up at the north end of...
Zeisberger Trail and Parks group (ZTAP) is working to connect the village of Tuscarawas (Tusky) to the surrounding communities and larger regional and state recreational trails. ZTAP has already...
OH 0.66 mi Woodchips
The Zoar Valley Trail winds along the Tuscarawas River between the village of Schoenbrunn in the south and Fort Laurens State Memorial in Bolivar in the north. The path offers a mixture of rolling...
OH 20.1 mi Asphalt, Ballast, Dirt, Grass
OH - 2.4 miles
OH - 19.3 miles
OH - 2 miles
OH - 271.9 miles
OH - 6.75 miles
DC,IA,ID,IL,IN,MD,MT,NE,OH,PA,WA,WV,WY - 3743.9 miles
More Wooster bike trailsView Fewer Wooster bike trails
OH - 17 miles
More Wooster walking trails View Fewer Wooster walking trails
More Wooster running trailsView Fewer Wooster running trails
December, 2019 by andybeaire53
Great trail... I've worn my own path on it! Walked, biked, ran! Awesome place to relax!
north inlet trail
November, 2019 by esideserf
Love the north inlet trail and a jog around the wetlands. It's an amazing trail.
The Ohio to Erie Trail Has the Potential to be One of America's Great Trails
November, 2019 by orangedoug
I've ridden the Ohio to Erie Trail (OTET) three times; first in July of 2013, again in May 2016, and most recently in October of 2019. It is interesting to note the progress that has been made in filling in the on-road gaps in the trail between each ride. However, it is frustrating to witness the glacial pace at which this trail is being completed.
Currently, the largest on-road gaps in the OTET exist between the end of the Sippo Valley Trail in Dalton and the beginning of the Holmes County Trail in Fredericksburg; between Killbuck and Glenmont on the Holmes County Trail, and between the end of the Heart of Ohio Trail southwest of Centerburg and the beginning of the Sandel Legacy Trail in Sunbury. There are a few smaller gaps in the OTET among which include, the bike lane in the Ohio River Trail in Cincinnati, the missing bridge over Little Miami River at the end of the Little Miami Scenic Trail needed to connect to the Lunken Airport Bike Path and a less than 1 mile gap between the Prairie Grass Trail and the Roberts Pass Trail in London.
The Ohio to Erie Trail is a paved trail except for the portion of the Ohio & Erie Towpath Trail that runs through northeast Ohio's Cuyahoga Valley National Park. It is unlikely that the National Park Service will pave this portion of the trail due to the canal's historical significance in developing the Ohio territory and helping to expand our nation from the original 13 colonies.
This trail links the three C's of Ohio -- Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati. These are Ohio's 3 largest cities. In between you will encounter a variety of cities and towns; rivers, wetlands, and forests; industrial, commercial, and agricultural areas; and different types of topographies. This variety makes the Ohio to Erie Trail unique when compared to the nation's other long-distance trails.
It is important to understand that the OTET is still a work in progress. While some locations have embraced being a part of the trail, others seem to have completely ignored it. Communities that embrace the trail offer bike friendly establishments whether they be bike shops, hotels, Bnb's, restaurants, or trailheads. There just are not enough of them. The state of Ohio should be looking into promoting such businesses along the trail. One thing that is certainly needed are more official, recognized campsites along the trail. Whereas riders of C&O/GAP Trail, or Missouri's Katy Trail can expect to see a campsite roughly every 8 to 12 miles, the OTET has some areas where such campsites are 60 miles apart. Such distances don't make the trail appealing those that would prefer to camp. It also doesn't give riders much wiggle room in their itineraries to explore around the trail or deal with the unexpected such as a flat tire. Perhaps more campsites and other amenities will become a priority once the trail is fully completed.
My complaints are not intended to be a trashing of this trail but rather constructive criticism designed to help improve this into one of America's great trails. With the Rails to Trails Conservancy designating much of the OTET as part of its route for the Great American Rail-Trail through Ohio, I'm hoping that improvement and completion of the trail will become more of a state priority. If you are considering riding the Ohio to Erie Trail, don't hesitate. It is worth every pedal stroke.
A Interesting Trail That Keeps Getting Better
October, 2019 by orangedoug
The Heart of Ohio Trail is a 15.7 mile trail that goes from Mount Vernon, Ohio and travels southwest through the towns of Mount Liberty and Centerburg before ending at Huffman Road about 2 miles southwest of Centerburg.
The trail pretty much parallels US-36 from Mount Vernon to Sunbury. It is paved and again is a typical rail-trail in terms of how hills are smoothed out into a manageable gradient. While this trail, to me, lacks the same level of natural beauty that the Holmes County and Kokosing Gap Trails have, it makes up for that with some very interesting sights along the way.
The first of those sites is the Ariel-Foundation Park right in Mount Vernon, Ohio. This park starts at Mount Vernon Station, right after you cross S. Main Street and continues through the park which is built on the site of an old Pittsburgh Paint & Glass (PPG) factory. The park features, some hiking trails, sculptures, an event center/concert venue, some remanent buildings from the PPG days, and probably the most interesting feature is the observation deck that is built around the 280 foot reinforced concrete chimney that was once part of the plant. If you climb to the top you can overlook the entire park, the city of Mount Vernon, and look for miles in any direction.
The second interesting site is drag racing strip several miles beyond Ariel-Foundation Park. I have ridden past the strip when there were still some cars and racing teams at the track, but I have yet to witness any racing going on as I passed by.
As you come into Centerburg, you have to cross over US-36. This is a busy road, so even though the rail-line crossed this road at an angle, they have re-routed the crossing so it is perpendicular to the roadway, and have placed a push button flashing signal to alert drivers of someone crossing. almost immediately after crossing US-36 For southbound travelers, almost immediately after crossing US-36, you come upon a marker stating you have just reached the highest point on the Heart of Ohio Trail. The trail then descends into Centerburg passing by Hillair Township Park/Memorial Park until you come to N. Clayton Street. Here you will find see the grain elevators and a pizza place called Pizza Burg. There are other places to eat in town if you chose to turn left and head to the center of town.
The Heart of Ohio Trail now gets you through Centerburg completely, and while you still will need to quite a bit of road riding, there are now pieces of trail between Centerburg and the Hoover Scenic Trail, south of Sunbury, that are in place and waiting to be connected to other nearby trails with construction going on right now. I think 3 years from now there will absolutely no road riding between Mt. Vernon and Columbus.
A Direct Connection Between the Kokosing Gap and Heart of Ohio Trails
When you enter Mount Vernon, Ohio on the Kokosing Gap Trail you have to cross over Mount Vernon Avenue. If you go straight ahead you end up in Phillips Park, a recreational baseball park and picnic area. This is where the Kokosing Gap Trail used to end. If you turn left after crossing over Mount Vernon Avenue you are on the Downtown Connector. This one mile trail follows the Kokosing River and connects directly with the Heart of Ohio Trail. It also brings you to South Main Street and the southern end of the city's business district. There is a Comfort Inn hotel right at the end of this trail which makes it very convenient for bikers.
A useful trail, but not a trail to travel out of your way to ride.
One of Ohio's Best Trails
The Kokosing Gap Trail is one of my favorite Ohio rail trails. I first learned of and enjoyed this trail during my first trip across Ohio back in 2013. On a southbound Ohio to Erie Trial route ride the trail starts in Danville, advances to Howard, then Gambier, and finally to Mount Vernon, Ohio. The first 10 miles are very flat, but after Gambier you begin climbing at railroad grade into Mount Vernon.
Each town has something unique to see along the trail. In Howard there is a unique stone bridge and building combination that carries US-36 over the once former rail line. When you come into Gambier, you come upon Gambier Station and the Kenyon College Athletic facilities. At the station you will find restrooms, a picnic pavilion with tables, and a repair station.
You will also see an 0-6-0 switching steam engine, a flat car, and a caboose on display. A little farther down the trail you come upon Kenyon's Brown Family Environmental Center. There is a beautiful garden there, quite a few hiking trails, and lots of environmental programming.
After the environmental center you begin climbing toward Mount Vernon while following the Kokosing River. You'll cross two beautiful railroad bridges in the process.
When you reach Mount Vernon you'll have to cross over Mount Vernon Avenue. If you go straight after crossing you'll end up in Phillips Park a recreational baseball park and picnic area. This is where the Kokosing Gap Trail used to end. However, if you turn left after crossing Mount Vernon Avenue you'll ride on the short Downtown Connector Trail. This one mile trail connects directly to the Heart of Ohio Trail.
A Short Connecting Trail With One Unique Feature
The Mohican Valley Trail is a short rail trail of 4.8 miles located on the eastern edge of Knox County, Ohio that connects the Holmes County Trail with the Kokosing Gap Trail. I rode this trail on October 1, 2019 as I headed south on the Ohio to Erie Trail route.
The most interesting feature of this trail is located near the town of Gann (or Brinkhaven). This feature is the Bridge of Dreams. It is an old railway bridge over the Mohican River that has been converted into a covered bridge. The bridge is 370 feet long. The bridge is open to pedestrian, bike, and Amish buggy traffic but not motorized vehicles. There is a fairly large trailhead on the eastern end of the bridge with a portapotty and a picnic pavilion. Trail users may camp here near the river.
The rest of this trail is somewhat uneventful. It is a paved tree-lined trail where you get the impression that you are constantly climbing if you are traveling westward. However, It is not one big long climb. Once you get to the small town of Danville, you need to make a very short road ride on a couple of streets in order to make the connection to the next link in the Ohio to Erie Trail route -- the Kokosing Gap Trail.
To me this is a 3-star trail. Perhaps it deserves an additional 1/2 star for the Bridge of Dreams, which is impressive. However, this trail is not of the same quality as the two trails it connects.
One of the Best Trails on the Ohio to Erie Trail Route
I rode The Holmes County Trail as part of my recent southbound cross-state ride on the Ohio to Erie Trail route. This trail is one of the most beautiful trails I have ridden in Ohio. One section runs from Fredericksburg to Holmesville, Millersburg and then Killbuck, Ohio. Another section runs from Glenmont to Brinkhaven/Gann, Ohio. Between Killbuck and Glenmont one must currently ride on OH-520 in order to make the connection to the southern section of the trail. Plans are in the works to complete the rail trail between Glenmont and Killbuck, but it will require an engineering study and plan as the abandoned rail line between these two towns runs through swampy and wet conditions.
What I like about this trail is that in between Fredericksburg and Killbuck it is very wide and flat. One side of the trail is designated for bikes and pedestrians and the other side is designated for Amish horse and buggies. The trail is fairly wide open from Fredericksburg to Holmesville, but after you pass the Holmes County Home south of Holmesville, a canopy of trees engulfs the trail for most of the rest of its length.
From Millersburg to Killbuck the trail is wide and tree-covered. It is surrounded by swamps and Killbuck Creek. I can imagine that at certain times of the day and of the year it can be quite buggy. There are a few spots along the trail in this area where there are wetlands observation decks. Once you reach Killbuck you will road-ride on OH-520 to reach Glenmont, Ohio and the trailhead for the southern section of the trail. Route 520 is a scenic road that meanders and rises and falls on short rolling hills through the Black Creek Valley. There is good driver visibility on this stretch of road but use your head and tail lights as the short hills and curves can create a few blind spots.
Once you reach the Glenmont trailhead the trail climbs over a ridge to get out of the county. The climb is 3.5 miles long but is a very manageable railroad grade slope. The last 500-1000 feet of this climb, get tough as the slope increases quite a bit to get up and over Holmes County Road 75. The next 4.5 miles is a gentle descent on the other side of the ridge which parallels US-62 until it passes through a tunnel under the roadway and connects to the Mohican Valley Trail.
This will be a 5-star trail once the gap between Killbuck and Glenmont is developed.
Why Isn't This Entire Trail Paved?
On September 30, 2019 I rode the Sippo Valley Trail as part of my southbound ride on the Ohio to Erie Trail. This is a 10 mile trail that essentially runs westward from Massillon to Dalton, OH. The Sippo Valley Trail is weird. The ends of the trail in Massillon and Dalton are paved for the city residents but the middle which travels between quite a few farms remains crushed stone. This crushed limestone surface gets softer when it rains a lot, which it did on September 30th. The wet stone surface was passable with my 26 x 2.0 Schwalbe Marathon tires, but the wet stone surface on this day certainly ended up providing increased rolling resistance.
After reaching the end of the Sippo Valley Trail in Dalton, you must currently road-ride to the start of the Holmes County Trail in Fredericksburg, by riding from Dalton to Apple Creek and then Fredericksburg. This on-road section is the toughest section of the entire Ohio to Erie Trail (OTET) Route. It is also the largest continuous gap in the OTET. The abandoned rail lines between Fredericksburg, Apple Creek, Dalton, and Orrville certainly exist, but they need to be developed. This may be the area you want to skip if you are riding the OTET. This road route is fairly well signed with Ohio bike route #1 signs at most intersections or change in directions. However, I would suggest that anyone attempting to ride the Ohio to Erie Trail should purchase a set of maps from the Ohio to Erie Trail website.
Finally, a word of warning to all you potential OTET riders. If you are looking to reserve a room in Amish country make sure you make the call before you get into Amish country. Since the Amish don't use cell phones there are very few cell towers, if any. In addition, the hills in this area can create dead zones, if you are below the tops of the hills. I had hoped that this situation had improved in the 3 years since I last came through this area on a cross-state ride but, alas, no such luck.
A Short Significant Trail That is Still Under Development
This is a short trail that connects the Cleveland Lakefront Bikeway to the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail along the Cuyahoga River in an area of downtown Cleveland known as the Flats. There are currently two gaps in this trail. The first gap is between the current end of the trail on Whiskey Island and Wendy Park and the old U.S. Coast Guard Station at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River on Lake Erie. The reason this is not yet complete is because a bridge needs to be built over a very busy rail line that runs between the current end of the trail and Wendy Park. Cleveland Metroparks has completed plans for this bridge but construction has not yet started. The second gap exists between old Detroit Avenue/Riverbed Street and the lift bridge on Columbus Road. There is an old roadbed in this gap which I believe was once Riverbed Street. You can use this old roadbed to connect to the trail at Columbus Road. The reason this is not "open" is because the hillside along Riverbed Street is unstable. This hill sits above a turn in the Cuyahoga River that is known as Irish Town Bend. There are plans to redo this hillside, make a park out of this land, and fill in the trail gap here. The roadbed is currently passable, but this is an area where the homeless bed down at night. They tend to exist in the brush between the roadway and the river. I have ridden through here a couple of times and have not had any problems. When the hillside is rebuilt I'm sure that the brush along the river will be removed and the homeless encouraged to move on. If this sounds like an uncomfortable riding choice for you, an alternative route to reach the Towpath Trail would be to ride down old Detroit Avenue and cross the Cuyahoga River at the Center Street Swing Bridge and then pick up the Towpath Trail at Scranton Flats.
Western End is the Start or Finish to the Ohio to Erie Trail Route
The Cleveland Lakefront Bikeway is a 17 mile trail that stretches from just West of Edgewater Beach Park on Cleveland's west side to the Wildwood Marina in Euclid Creek Reservation Metropark on the east side. This month, I rode just 3.25 miles of the Cleveland Lakefront Trail as the start of a weeklong southbound ride on the Ohio to Erie Trail. I rode between the Script Cleveland sign overlooking Edgewater Beach to West 28th Street and Washington Avenue, where I chose to ride to West 25th Street and then down to the start of the Cleveland Foundation Centennial Trail at the corner of Mulberry Avenue and River Road.
This west side portion of the Cleveland Lakefront Trail is in good shape. The asphalt in this section is fairly new and smooth and the signage, both directional and historical, are all noticeable and graffiti-free. I am hoping that these signs are something that will be continued throughout the entire length of the trail but as of June 2019 when I last rode the entire length of this trail they were not in place, particularly on the east side of Cleveland. In addition, there have been bike pathways added to this route that lead into the flats with the intention of connecting the Cleveland Lakefront Bikeway with the Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail. The intention is to have the Towpath end at the planned Canal Basin Park. However, for those riders that want to dip their tires in both the Ohio River and Lake Erie, Edgewater Beach will remain the best place for your bike to touch the waters of Lake Erie.
Experience a covered bridge and the Amish
October, 2019 by tombilcze
The Mohican Valley Trail is often overlooked by cyclists. It is one of three Knox Country trails that are part of the Ohio to Erie Trail. It is definitely one to put on your must-cycle list.
The trail starts on Danville. The best place to park is at the Kokosing Gap Danville trailhead. Ohio to Erie Trail signs direct you the half-mile of quiet small-town streets to the trail.
This trail's surface is similar to chip and seal. It passes through words with only a few crossroads. There is some elevation changes but none are large.
The highlight of this trail is the Bridge of Dreams, a very long covered bridge over the Mohican River. The bridge is 1/2 mile from the trail's end at the Holmes Country line. Be sure to cycle down to the river from the trailhead parking for great photos of the Bridge and scenic river.
You can continue 7 miles beyond the country line on the Holmes County Trail to Glenmont. Plans are in the future to connect this trail section to the Holmes County Trail at Killbuck
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A Business Plan Outline Example - Business plan analytics via key performance signs (kpis): identifying key overall performance signs to your enterprise to use as benchmarks at some point of the 12 months is perhaps the most essential step you could make with regard to enterprise analytics. No longer simplest will kpis assist become aware of key shortfalls in the plan, but will assist narrow your focus in addressing the shortfalls. As an example, recognizing that you have an problem in exertions isn't always simply sufficient whilst you do not forget the subsequent possibilities: a) labor rates may be too high; b) beyond regular time has handed its finances; c) the issue is regionally-primarily based, not throughout the board; d) man hours might also have passed its allotted price range, etc. It could be a myriad of triggers that prompted exertions to exceed its price range and kpis allow you to drill all the way down to the cause. Kpi management calls for a disciplined review system installed month-to-month that fosters a mixed evaluation throughout the yr that compares real effects against both budgets and forecasts.
You may get help with writing the business plan from authentic companies in the subject to think about an powerful and nicely-researched record. The enterprise's software may even provide a reasonable idea on the approaches to begin a bakery. It's miles critical as it communicates the critical facts approximately your commercial enterprise. When you have no longer already achieved so, a business plan for a manufacturing employer have to imply how it's going to start. The organisation's software have to be tailor-made to the capability lender or the investor. Your small business plan ought to contain the details about how you will spend money on the agency. Take into account that the motive of the employer's program is to provide enough facts to answer the questions of your target audience. While you start growing your agency program, there are many guidelines with a view to make certain achievement inside the improvement of a stable business software that meets the demands of your organization. A marketing strategy allows you to generate goals and techniques on your commercial enterprise employer. An great business software will by no means fail. Planning allows not only to apprehend all prices related to destiny operations, growth or one of a kind projects, but also enables to keep a organisation that looks to the destiny. Such people clearly do no longer require any plan for their small commercial enterprise. A business application is similar to a tenet or a set of commands. The outline of a marketing strategy with instructions will simplify the truth that you compose a marketing strategy for your own. While there are various one-of-a-kind methods for structuring a commercial enterprise software, the subsequent define covers the critical content material and the organisation. Your video manufacturing marketing strategy is almost complete. A marketing strategy for video production suggests that your cognizance might be on video manufacturing. Enterprise plans are especially useful if you need to growth money for your industry. Either manner, the subsequent step is to formulate the business enterprise's plan with the intention to take you wherein you need to go. An respectable plan for small companies follows the typical scheme of a small marketing strategy and commonly calls for a larger monetary phase. Developing a stable portfolio is essential. You have to also recall investing in land, whether or not you're shopping for or renting a store for the organisation. You should reveal to the investor the concept of ??Your enterprise in a duly prepared outline. Remember that the deposit is so you do not should pay a lot to obtain your corporation. Getting ready a enterprise is never brief. Frequently, the begin-up commercial enterprise will not have a lot real facts to include in the industry software, so a big amount of outside enterprise facts can be used to forecast projections. You need to additionally consider promoting your employer and managing your price range. Meanwhile, try and create money and learn what you may about your corporation. In case you are thinking of beginning a small commercial enterprise, you might wonder if you want a business program. In case you are going to a retail enterprise with a shop or a eating place, it's miles lots higher to keep an expansion of products so you can meet the various demands of the customers.


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Freelance Financial Writer
Resides In
5+ years of professional experience in human resources
Freelance financial writer whose work has appeared on such sites as Investopedia, MSN, The Globe and Mail, Forbes, ABC News, Yahoo, Canoe, and Fox News
Holds a B.Ed. in business education from the University of Alberta
Janet Fowler is based in Canada and has over five years of professional human resources experience, which includes a broad range of human resources duties, including recruitment of both professional and labor positions, disciplinary actions and terminations, employee relations, compensation, retention, performance management, and training/development. Janet also brings a broad range of writing experience, ranging from business and education to cooking and crafts. Some of her articles have been featured on such sites as Investopedia, MSN, The Globe and Mail, Forbes, ABC News, Yahoo, Canoe, and Fox News.
Janet holds a B.Ed. in business education from the University of Alberta (Canada).
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Theme for 2017: Climb that Mountain!
In the coming year, the Sun will rule and will awaken the strength in every sign of the zodiac. You, a Sagittarius of the third decan, will be favored especially given that the Sun is also the ruler of your decan. In addition to benefits from the Sun, both Jupiter and Uranus will enter convenient positions in the coming year. However, Saturn will land in your decade from January 1st on.
Have you ever climbed a really high mountain? Not an easy hike, but a proper climb? If so, then you can imagine what's in store for you in the coming year. Your goal is to get to the summit, but it's not an easy journey. It's steep. There's no lift. Any no one is coming to help you. In the context of your life and the year 2017, you may already have gathered that it will not be an easy year. At the moment, everything is fine, so you may be wondering how it's all about to get so much harder. But of course, you're living well, down there in the valley. There's nothing for it, my dear Sagittarius! Your climb is predestined; Saturn in your decan compels you to climb.
As I said, there's no shortcut to the summit, but there is Jupiter, who is linked to your sign until fall. His influence is massive: just consider, as symbols of his power, his 63 moons, and diameter of more than 90,000 miles. As a Sagittarius, you'll profit massively from Jupiter in this position – on one condition: you need to learn arithmetic – elementary arithmetic. In other words, you'll need to revise your point of view, and not always look for ideals, but rather be practical and have pragmatic solutions in mind. When Jupiter bands together with Saturn, it's what you have in your pockets that counts, so try to be more realistic, pragmatic, and down to earth! This is an optimal time for you to work hard and get rich – not because of a miracle, or the power of positive thinking, but through good work and skillful negotiation.
Uranus will also play an important role for you in 2017. He'll demand that you develop. At the same time, Uranus will give you everything you need to help you succeed. What to do? First of all, stop emulating any models or ideals. You should lead the life that you were made for. At your birth, a seed was sown that is still waiting to sprout and grow. But this seed needs certain conditions, just as every plant in nature needs a quantum of sunlight and the right soil. The conditions for your personal development are very good in the coming year. You'll be able to nurture your sprout into a tree, with a crown that reaches up to the sky.
On one side, you have the Sun and Jupiter, and they like it hot. They awaken in you sensuality, lust, and passion. But there is also Saturn hovering around you, and he likes it cool. For him, love is an arrangement between two people who are striving to master their lives together. Sooner or later, Saturn will win. This is for certain, but it is also definite that the other two, the Sun and Jupiter, will get their money's worth. In other words, you won't miss out on anything in 2017. If you're single and looking for love, you can be optimistic for the coming year: you'll find what you are looking for.
Saturn has a bad reputation in astrology. It's said that he is to blame for all the trouble and vexations in life, but this is a delusion. Saturn is the planet that makes one a better person so that you have the strength to deal with whatever life throws at you. Saturn is in your sign's decan in 2017; he'll make you stronger and more resistant, which will also make you more successful. Yes, now and then, Saturn will make you sit a test, but only to make you aware of what still needs to get better. And sometimes Saturn will give you a red card signal that you're violating the rules of life. It is important that you understand from the beginning that Saturn does not come to you as an enemy but as a friend. Your best bet is to see him the same way. He'll help you reach a better position and earn more money by the end of 2017. You will have made it – and maybe even climbed the peak of your life.
Small and, of course, bigger health sins will be punished by Saturn in 2017: too much alcohol, too little sleep, and particularly stress will wear you out and impair your emotional wellbeing if you let them. But this only shows that Saturn is helping you. He's not trying to harass you, but rather to make you aware that it is your responsibility to stay healthy and enjoy a long life.


In this guide—part one of an epic 4-part series—we'll explore what this gland does, why it generally does work properly, and how to restore it!
This tiny gland transmits information to the body about the length of daylight, commonly called circadian rhythm. The pineal gland tells every other part of your body whether it's light or dark out, what season you're in, and whether days are getting longer or shorter.
The more the animal needs to adapt to a changing environment, the larger the pineal gland will be. The pineal gland also plays a major role in regulating bodily temperature.
As part of the endocrine system, the pineal synthesizes and secretes a hormone called melatonin directly into the bloodstream. Melatonin is a serotonin-derived hormone that modulates sleep patterns. By inhibiting the release of certain reproductive hormones from the pituitary gland, melatonin affects our reproductive organs in both males and females.
The pineal also secretes more melatonin in children than adults, which is believed to inhibit premature sexual development. After puberty, the pineal shrinks and releases less melatonin. Light exposure to our eyes mainly determines how much melatonin the pineal synthesizes and secretes. We produce less melatonin in daylight hours and increase secretion during the night.
Unlike most of our brain, the blood-brain barrier doesn't isolate the pineal from the rest of our body. Instead, the pineal gets a tremendous amount of blood flow, second only to the kidneys. Surrounded by and immersed in cerebrospinal fluid, this gland camps out in a tiny cave-like area behind and above the pituitary gland.
•	Mess with our reproductive function.
And these are only some of the consequences of a calcified pineal gland. Sleep is a vital biological function designed to restore us each night. When the pineal gland is calcified, it is believed to affect the quality of our sleep! Poor sleep reduces our mental performance and cognitive functioning while making us prone to disease. In many ways, the pineal is our body's connection with the natural world. Severe that connection (via calcification) and what happens?
PreviousPure love intentions & pure emotional passionate energy healing.


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Home/Kids Corner/By Category/Baby Rattles/Agnytha, Silver Baby Rattle
Agnytha, Silver Baby Rattle
Silver baby rattle in the shape of an agnytha. An object known from ancient weaving, since it was used from the Neolithic period (6500-3000 BC) as weights in order to keep the threads of the loom stretched. Watching these weights of the loom hanging from their threads next to each other and their particular shape that looks like pyramid, we created this rattle, where you can write your own personal dedication and offer it to the newborn, at a baby's baptism, or at his/her first birthday.
Pure silver 999°
Dimensions: 3 cm x 3 cm x 4 cm
In the Minoan communities families had to have their own shelter, fully equipped including food supply and clothing, which was usually made at home. From the looms that they used, nothing survives except for the weights that kept the threads stretched, which they called "agnythes".
"Agnythes" were stones that were used in ancient weaving. These weights, the so-called Agnythes were attached to the bottom of the vertical threads of the fabric which they called "stimonia", in order to hold them stretched so that the fabric could pass between them.
The ancient agnythes were usually made of clay or stone, and they existed in various shapes and sizes. The most common shapes of agnytha in ancient Greece were the pyramid, the conical, the trapezoidal and the discoid. Agnythes are the only element of the ancient standing looms that "survived" and are usually found in groups because they were so used and stored. The weight of anagnytha was proportional to the diameter of the thread. The thinner the thread, the lighter the agnythes. At the same time, the width of agnytghes was proportional to the density of the fabric. The thicker agnythes, the thinner the knitting of the cloth. The different shapes of the agnytha served different types and qualities of fabrics.
Often agnythes had seals with various representations, human figures, animals, etc. whose significance has not been defined. Agnythes with engraved inscriptions or simple letters were rarely found.
Agnythes, existed from the prehistoric years, namely the Neolithic period (6500-3000 BC), and are one of the most common finds in the excavations of the Classical period, while their production declines from Roman times onwards.
Agnythes are exhibited at the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion, the Archaeological Museum of Messinia, the Archaeological Museum of Ioannina and the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Athens.
6500-3000 B.C.
3 cm x 4 cm x 3 cm
Baby Rattle


Porcelain Tile / June 7, 2018 / Brousseau.
As mentioned most people find the look of clean white tile to be universally appealing. It adds a brightness to a living space giving it the appearance of being more open and welcoming. This is where porcelain tiles have the advantage of the more common ceramic white tiles. Porcelain is sleek clean and beautiful and the difference in appearance is noticeable. In fact they dont just look cleaner; due to their density and hardness porcelain materials (tiles) are more impervious to dirt and are much easier to clean.
The term porcelain was coined from the Italian word porcellana because of its translucent characteristic similar to the cowrie shell. Porcelain was first developed in China and was exported to Europe between the 17th and 18th century. Beautiful jars and other delicate ornaments were made from porcelain but the discovery of its base material from soft paste to hard past has made porcelain an important industrial commodity. Porcelain is resistant to high temperatures resistant to abrasions and is also non-porous which allows very minimal water absorption. Today porcelain is an important material for insulation and is popularly used for dental prosthesis and veneers. That is why porcelain tiles are excellent choices for residential and commercial finishing.


Many of you will have run CREST Awards with your students before, registering through your CREST Local Coordinator. You can now enter, pay, assess projects and request certificates all through a new online system – introduced to make the process faster and easier for educators.
From September 2017, to enter your students for a CREST Award you should sign up for a free online account. Simply create a project, add students to it, and upload a sample of their work. Assessment and feedback for Silver and Gold Awards will now also be completed online by trained CREST assessors according to their subject specialism.
Educators and students looking for direct support should now go directly to the CREST Help Centre where they will be able to find answers to FAQs, or contact CREST Support directly.


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Cambodian Prime Minister Clamps Down on 'Sexy' Online Sellers
Leonie Kijewski
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen says online sellers threaten Cambodian culture by exposing too much skin, and orders police to go to their homes and educate them.
Cambodia's government has announced a crackdown on female online sellers who dress "too sexily," prompting criticism from human rights organizations who say the move discriminates against women.
In a speech this week to the National Council for Women, Prime Minister Hun Sen said online sellers threaten Cambodian culture by exposing too much skin, and ordered police to go to their homes and educate them.
"Raid them," he said, using an ambiguous term that could mean arrest. "This doesn't violate their rights because they are causing the destruction of our Khmer culture."
Amateur live videos posted on Facebook and other social media platforms feature women selling a range of goods, including accessories, makeup and clothing. Some sellers choose to wear outfits that reveal their cleavage.
Seven women's rights organizations, including the Cambodian Center for Human Rights and ActionAid Cambodia, criticized the crackdown in an open letter published Wednesday. "It is important to note that social values are arbitrary, relative, and constantly changing. Also, there is no evidence-based research that affirms that women's clothing choice is the root cause of degradation of social morality," the letter reads.
Seng Reasey, an advocate at the women's rights organization Silaka, also questioned the premier's approach to culture.
"What culture are we referring to, and to what era?" she asked. "Under Apsara, for example, there was also nakedness. The next era also had nakedness. So what do you mean?"
"I don't know why it's only women who are said to destroy the whole culture… I think Khmer culture has much more beautiful things to offer. Why are we always just picking on women as destroying the culture?... If you preserve the culture that mainly imposes and restricts the freedom of one another, you have to ask whether you want that culture," she said.
Hun Sen instructed relevant authorities, including the Ministry of Interior and the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, to educate the women and take action should they continue to wear revealing clothes. "You sell your products, not your breasts," he said.
Ministry of Interior spokesman Khieu Sopheak could not be reached for comment.
'Coerced moral education'
The international rights group Amnesty International slammed the government action. "The Prime Minister's order to track down and 'educate' women represents a menacing application of the state's surveillance apparatus to advance a discriminatory and patriarchal agenda. Facebook must refuse to cooperate with any discriminatory requests by the Cambodian authorities to block women's profiles," regional director Nicholas Bequelin said in a press release.
"The coerced moral 'education' of women by police is inherently arbitrary. None of these women have been accused of breaking any law, and the police appear to be acting solely on the basis of Hun Sen's personal whim."
The prime minister said that the clampdown is necessary as the revealing clothing would lead to sexual harassment and rape.
But the women's rights activists rejected that argument. "Punishing women for their choice of clothing is therefore part of the root cause of violence, rather than its cure, and must be rejected," their open letter said.
Reasey urged the government not to support victim-blaming. "It's not about how women dress. ... The problem is the perpetrator, not the victim," she said.
Two days after Hun Sen's announcement, online seller Thai Sreyneang apologized in a video posted to the National Police Facebook page and pledged to stop exposing her cleavage when selling products.
Chhon Navy, deputy director-general of the Information and Broadcasting General Department at the Ministry of Information, said the Ministry of Information and Culture should lay out criteria explaining what constituted "too sexy" wear. "They have Disciplinary and Praise Council to take action on all activities that impact tradition, culture, nationality and social ethics," she said.
She said she did not know how many online sellers there were in Cambodia as they are not registered. But she said relevant authorities, such as the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, would take "concrete action and find ways to tackle the problem."
"First, contact them for educational measures and make a contract not to do that anymore. Second, if they still [go] Live we will cooperate with the relevant authority to take action," she said, directing further questions to the Ministry of Post and Telecommunications.
Meas Pos, director of the ministry, said no concrete plan existed yet. "Now we have internal meeting first, before we are going to do something with that. I think after tomorrow we will have the result," he said.
Young Cambodian Activists Challenge Social and Political Status Quo
100s of Children in Cambodia Work in Brick Factories, Report Finds


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Supporters Will Play Massive Part Tomorrow, States Palmer
On-loan midfielder Matt Palmer believes the supporters can play a massive part in tomorrow's game against Sheffield United.
Latics had sold 618 advanced tickets ahead of this weekend's fixture, and fans can now pay on the day for the game and Palmer is hoping they can provide the noise to cheer the lads on to three points.
He said: "I've played there once before and it's a really good atmosphere. They will have a lot of fans and we will bring a few as well so I'm sure it will be a really good game.
"I'm really looking forward to it and I'm sure all the boys in the dressing room look forward to these games because it's one of the biggest teams in League One."
Palmer extended his loan with the club until the end of the season at the start of the month and he spoke of his delight to do that.
"I was really happy to do that," he admitted. "I've been playing games and the team has been doing well so hopefully we can keep doing well as a team.
"We need to keep getting the points we have recently and it should be enough to stay up."
Whilst he has put in impressive displays since joining the club, Palmer is yet to get himself on the scoresheet, but that is something he is hoping to change this weekend.
"I hope I can get one," he said. "I've been trying my hardest but it's just not gone in at the moment.
"As long as we keep picking up the points, it doesn't matter who gets on the scoresheet."
Watch the full interview on Latics PlayerHD.


At Melbourne Spine, you'll find some of the nation's leading pain management experts. Each physician is board certified, fellowship trained, and specialized in treating your chronic pain needs.
Our physicians have trained at the top institutions in the United States with leaders in modern pain care. We continue to stay active in research to help improve the current state of pain in our country.
Our experts take a unique approach to pain management, utilizing their skills in interventional pain, neurology, behavioral health, and addiction medicine. You know you'll be in great hands!
Massage Therapy is Available At Our Location!
If you've been involved in a personal injury Or work-related injury, we'd like to treat you. Call our office today to schedule an appointment on how we can help get you back feeling good.
Dr. Srini's diverse experience makes him especially well versed in the myriad of complex pain syndromes and novel therapeutic treatment options available today.
Dr. Srini is proud to offer chiropractic services at this location.
We Provide Alternative Options For Your Pain!


Secondary transactions refer to the buying and selling of pre-existing limited partnership interests in private equity and other alternative investment funds. These interests include both commitments that have already been drawn down by the GP and unfunded commitments. Importantly, the transfer of investor commitments between LPs in the secondary market must not be confused with secondary buyouts or similar transactions where a deal is exited by selling the underlying portfolio company to another fund.
The emergence of a secondary market for stakes in limited partnerships has been hailed as the advent of liquidity in an otherwise illiquid asset class. With liquidity risk being reduced, it is generally expected that the broadening and deepening of the secondary market will help fuel the growth of the primary market for investments in private equity and real assets. While long-term allocators who are already exposed to these asset classes may be encouraged to increase their current allocations, a higher degree of liquidity, so the argument goes, could expand the universe of potential investors who would otherwise be constrained by the liability profile of their balance sheets. Furthermore, the growth in secondary transactions has often – and mistakenly – been viewed as a superior means of price discovery compared with subjective NAV estimates of invested capital.


The ultra compact shape is achieved by two aspherical elements. A new design of the interior focusing significantly enhances the quality in the close-focus range through an adaption of the floating element principle. Brilliant depth of field can therefore be used from a distance of 0.33m for hyperfocal photography. Save by buying the lens in a set together with the Universal Wide-angle Viewfinder M.