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« Intense heat wave and droughts/Getting ready for war/ Banks failing in EU/ Earthquake news/ Israel and Iran in prophecy, Gold's new record high, Silver climbing again/ Storms and flash flooding/II Timothy 3 signs/ July 18, 2011 | Main | Could the Rapture of the Church happen this September? Find out why it is possible »
MANY LAST DAYS SIGNS/ JULY 19, 2011
When we watch the news what do we see? Are you seeing the many last day signs Jesus told us to look for? Can you connect the dots between Bible prophecy and current events?
Download Last Chronicles of Planet Earth July 7, 2011 Edition by Frank DiMora (FREE)
Prophecy Sign: Matthew 24:7 and Luke 21:11 Earthquakes. These are the quakes that hit so far today. 6.1 is a strong quake!
MAP 6.1 2011/07/19 19:35:43 40.132 71.423 17.8 KYRGYZSTAN
MAP 5.0 2011/07/19 18:20:32 -25.114 178.530 588.2 SOUTH OF THE FIJI ISLANDS
MAP 5.1 2011/07/19 07:13:18 37.412 20.182 13.6 IONIAN SEA
MAP 5.0 2011/07/19 03:18:41 -1.236 137.745 34.8 NEAR THE NORTH COAST OF PAPUA, INDONESIA
MAP 5.1 2011/07/19 02:20:39 -30.564 -177.901 34.8 KERMADEC ISLANDS, NEW ZEALAND
MAP 5.3 2011/07/19 01:38:51 37.490 141.633 15.8 NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN
Prophecy Sign: The coming Psalm 83 war between Israel and the nations that border her. "Tuesday seized a French yacht carrying pro-Palestinian activists heading for the blockaded Gaza Strip and forced it to go to Israel's Ashdod port, a military spokeswoman said. "I can confirm that the yacht has been boarded and that everything went smoothly, there were no casualties," the spokeswoman said after marines boarded the "Dignite-Al-Karama" yacht in the eastern Mediterranean."
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/19/us-palestinians-israel-yacht-idUSTRE76I18G20110719
Benjamin Netanyahu, Barack Obama, and Abdullah Gul.
Prophecy Sign: Signs of the coming Ezekiel 38 war, Zechariah 12:3. Ezekiel 38:6 shows Togarmah will be attacking Israel with other allies. Who is Togarmah? Togarmah is modern day Turkey and Armenia. Togarmah was the second son of Gomer; his descendants occupied eastern and northern Turkey, and they occupied southern Russia, which used to be comprised of many small nations such as Armenia. Present day Armenians still call themselves the house of Togarmah.
"U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton relayed a message during her visit to Istanbul late last week to Turkish President Abdullah Gul from President Barack Obama, on the crisis in Turkish-Israeli relations. A senior Israeli official noted that Clinton told the Turkish president that Obama considered the restoration of ties between the two countries very important and would like to see relations between the two U.S. allies return to their previous levels." "The Obama administration is very concerned about the tensions between Israel and Turkey continuing and possibly worsening."
http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/u-s-scrambling-to-prevent-israel-turkey-ties-from-worsening-1.373943
(Credit: NOAA)
Prophecy Sign: Luke 21:25 "And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring;"
ScienceDaily (July, 15, 2011)- Coastal communities along the U.S. East Coast may be at risk to higher sea levels accompanied by more destructive storm surges in future El Nino years, according to a new study by NOAA. The study was prompted by an unusaual number of destructive storms surges along the East Coast during the 2009-2010 El Nino winter."
"Lengths of winter, summer and rainy seasons in Bangladesh have increased, while spring has decreased, changes that are likely to have an adverse impact on agriculture, said a study based on farmers' perceptions. Winter, traditionally around two-and-a-half months long, now prevails for three-and-three-quarters, while summer takes five months, almost double the past usual length."
http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=191869
GUATEMALA CITY, July 18 (Reuters) - Tropical storm Dora, the fourth named storm of the Pacific hurricane season, strengthened off the coast of Central America on Monday, threatening heavy rains on the coffee and sugar growing region. The storm, with winds of about 60 mph (95 kph), could reach hurricane strength on Tuesday but is not forecast to make a direct hit on land and there are no coastal warnings in effect, the U.S. National Hurricane Center said. "Additional strengthening is expected during the next 48 hours," the NHC said. "And Dora is forecast to become a hurricane on Tuesday." Dora is located south of Guatemala and southern Mexico and is moving up the Pacific coastline, which does not have major oil installations. The NHC said swells caused by Dora would probably begin affecting the coast of southern Mexico on Tuesday."
http://af.reuters.com/article/commoditiesNews/idAFN1E76H1T520110719
Prophecy Sign: "There is no faithfulness, no love, no acknowledgment of God in the land. There is only cursing, lying and murder, stealing and adultery; they break all bounds, and bloodshed follows bloodshed. Because of this the land mourns, and all who live in it waste away; the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the fish of the sea are dying. [Hosea 4:1-3]
"The fish of the sea, the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, every creature that moves along the ground, and all the people on the face of the earth will tremble at my presence. The mountains will be overturned, the cliffs will crumble and every wall will fall to the ground." [Ezekiel 38:20]
"I will sweep away both men and animals; I will sweep away the birds of the air and the fish of the sea. The wicked will have only heaps of rubble when I cut off man from the face of the earth," declares the LORD." [Zephaniah 1:3]
"Researchers from Texas A&M University have returned from a trip to examine the scope and size of this year's "dead zone" in the Gulf of Mexico and have measured it currently to be about 3,300 square miles, or roughly the size of Delaware and Rhode Island combined, but some researchers anticipate it becoming much larger."
To see a complete list of the fish, birds, and animals that have been dying, click to red link below.
http://frankdimora.typepad.com/the_last_chronicles/2011/06/will-you-help-me-please.html
Prophecy Sign: Signs that the new one world economy system warned about in Revelation 13:15-17 is on its way. "And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed. 16And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: 17And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name."
"Pessimism over the United States' economic outlook ruled as speakers last week took the stage at the annual FreedomFest in Las Vegas, reports HumanEvents.com. With the Aug. 2 deadline looming for a decision on the federal debt ceiling, speakers painted a grim picture of things to come." "I think that all the talk about default is really an admission that the United States is running a gigantic Ponzi scheme," said Peter Schiff, CEO of Conn.-based brokerage Euro Pacific Capital. Decreasing global demand for the U.S. dollar will eventually trigger an inflationary crisis, said Schiff. "When interest rates go up in the United States, there is no way the U.S. government can pay the interest, let alone the principal, on its debt," he said. The country's entire financial system was described by another speaker as being close to "collapse" as the nation continues to spend more than it produces. Read more on Newsmax.com: Experts: US Economic System Near 'Collapse' Important: Do You Support Pres. Obama's Re-Election? Vote Here Now!"
http://www.newsmax.com/US/debtlimit-FreedomFest-Schiff-economy/2011/07/18/id/403996
I wanted to share with those praying for my ministry what Jesus is doing with my labor of love for Him. The following is a email I received today from Pastor Enock Burudi from Kenya.
"Praise the Lord this morning. Thank you for the books l have received this morning which are four cartons from Pastor Titus. They will be a great blessing to many Kenyans, Ugandans and Tanzanians. l will be going to Tanzania on 15.7.11 to 22.7.11 so l will carry a carton with me though many Tanzanians are Swahili speakers due to their education policy since early sixties when they got independence. Hopefully l will find ministers who know English.Am also hoping to have time to teach on Eschatology and the soon coming of our Lord. A friend of mine,a minister of the gospel will be going to Uganda almost at the same time l will going to Tanzania. He will carry a few copies to add to the ones he has already delivered in Kampala. Once again,thanks a lot for the sacrifice of the books. God bless. With Love, Burudi"
If you have read my book "The Last Chronicles of Planet Earth" please email me and tell me what country you live in. I will be posting the places around the world the Lord Jesus has allowed the book to witness for Him.
Ministry info:
"The Last Chronicles of Planet Earth" July 7, 2011 Edition is now ready for you to download for free. Please note, the download may take some time to download but it will come up. The speed will depend on your computer.
Download Last Chronicles of Planet Earth July 7, 2011 Edition by Frank DiMora
Are you really searching to know the truth?
Disclaimer: Since the facts and evidence on my posts and in my book are real as they are taken from news around the world, and this news proves Bible prophecy is actually coming to pass in our generation, the information you read or see may scare you. If you are depressed or on any meds for depression, or have any type of mental disease consult your doctor before reading this material.
If you would like me to come to your Church to give a prophecy seminar you can contact me either by writing to my P.O Box, or email me at fjdimora@gmail.com. There is no charge for my labor of love in Christ.
To get to the prayer requests and prayer up-dates click to the following link below:
http://frankdimora.typepad.com/the_last_chronicles/2011/01/nancy-marcinik-has-joined-our-prayer-team-as-of-aug-12-2010-our-prayers-are-being-answered-please-read-the-updates-if-yo.html
http://www.theedgeam.com/perspectives/last_chronicles/index.htm July 12, 2011 show is now playing for you at the above link. All of my radio/video shows can be seen at The Edge, just click to link.
What it will be like when the rapture hits.
Rapture of the Church in English: Download A THIEF IN THE NIGHT By Frank DiMora July 31, 2011


Since you're able to bundle our various products as you see fit, we can provide you with customized brand solutions supporting your daily business, and brand value.
Being able to offer this, Frontify can fit all kinds of different industries, supporting businesses of all shapes and sizes – from the smaller ones – up to multinational corporations.
Here are some examples, giving you a deeper insight into how some of our more prominent clients are using Frontify in their day-to-day operations.
Vodafone decided to build a complete asset management solution with Frontify, including a Brand Portal, Style Guide, Media Library, and Workspace; a collaboration tool – enhancing all of their branded work. With over 8000 digital assets residing in the Frontify Media Library, their 1200+ Frontify users can increase the production rate, and efficiency – saving both time, resources, and money through heightened usability.
Read the whole Vodafone story.
As ProSiebenSat.1 were looking to rebrand their visual appearance, substantially improving their brand design – they were looking for a comprehensive multiple brand guidelines solution to increase the brand's quality, by refining its documentation. With their extensive use of multiple brands and Style Guides within the Frontify platform, they're able to supply their entire team (internal, and external) with brand guidelines, through the cloud. They can now ramp up the whole design-to-development process by always sharing current assets, without having to update everyone's old brand material with tiresome email send-outs.
Read the whole ProSiebenSat.1 story.
The way that Lufthansa supplements their brand with Frontify is somewhat magical. After empowering their Style Guide with all essential assets, they coupled it with the Frontify Workspace – allowing a rich workflow through interdisciplinary collaboration and task-assignment for design iteration. Now, as they prepare new design assets, they can quickly unite all the concerned stakeholders in one digital room, and collectively strengthen the process. This solution allows for an increased efficiency through clear documentation and hassle-free approvals. Simply clever.
Read the whole Lufthansa story.
The use of Frontify has helped MAN in obtaining a complete design system, speeding up all processes, from the initial development of patterns and its documentation – all the way to the final push-out. The integration of Pattern Libraries within their brand guidelines ramped up their production rate and allowed none-developers to access code snippets and comprehensible use-cases for them, bridging the gaps between pre-existing corporate silos; brand management in the digital age.
Read the whole MAN story.
Do you struggle with your current day-to-day marketing and branding operations?


Here's something wonderful to wrap up 2016 with. Ashley Greene, perhaps most famous for playing the nosy but informative Alice Cullen in the Twilight movie franchise, is officially an engaged woman. The news was announced on her Instagram account last week thanks to a video made by her future husband, Australian TV personality Paul Khoury. Paul, who's been with Ashley for three years, chose quite the location for his big moment: New Zealand's Bridal Falls, which of course had ~waterfall vibes~. The proposal video also features the sweet sounds of John Legend's ballad "You & I," so yes, you can expect to get a little emotional after your third or fourth viewing.


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1. jonaszmclaren - [GitHub](https://github.com/jonaszmclaren)
2. Kirill Budevich - [GitHub](https://github.com/Ikloo), [E-mail](Ikloo@yandex.ru)
3. Andrey Yastrebov - [GitHub](https://github.com/AYastrebov), [E-mail](me@ayastrebov.com), [Site](http://ayastrebov.com)
4. Eugene Antropov - [GitHub](https://github.com/antigp), [E-mail](antigp@gmail.com)
5. Rinat Enikeev - [GitHub](https://github.com/rinat-enikeev), [E-mail](rinat.enikeev@gmail.com)
6. Andrey Krivobok - [GitHub](https://github.com/andrey-krivobok)
7. BarredEwe - [GitHub](https://github.com/BarredEwe)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Huzzah! We're Not the Worst!
Usually when an organization gives folks a "heads-up" about some impending great news the news is great. So, when APS sent out a press release a few days back bubbling over with kids staring at present under the holiday tree delight about some test scores on one of the 1,937 different standardized tests students take… Read More Huzzah! We're Not the Worst!


The WEATHER project aims at analysing the economic costs of more frequent and more extreme weather events on transport and on the wider economy and explores adaptation strategies for reducing them in the context of sustainable policy design. The research is carried out by an international team of eight European institutes, lead by the Fraunhofer-Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI). The project runs for 30 months from November 2009 until April 2012.
Records of reinsurance companies clearly highlight the rising damages caused by the consequences of climate change, and in particular of natural catastropies and extreme weather events. While many studies focus on CO2 mitigation in transport, research on the vulnerability of the sector on climate driven effects, namely extreme weather events, is coming up only recently.
Little knowledge has so far been developed on the economic costs of climate and extreme weather driven damages to transport, and even less evidence is available on the options, costs and benefits of adaptation measures. National adaptation programs of EU Member States, the US, Canada, New Zealand and the 4th assessment report of the IPCC provide only indicative measures and global fields of action. Thus there is a need for European studies addressing local conditions.
The third branch of WEATHER research is concerned with the role of transport systems for crisis/disaster management. In the transport literature, the term "emergency operations" spans a number of topics including logistics, traffic planning, and institutional issues. The major tasks under these topics are the transport of emergency vehicles and search-and-rescue teams, medical evacuation, and distribution of goods and local medical aid. In this field of research European evidence is already available.
The WEATHER project approaches the topic of extreme events and their impacts on transport systems from an economic perspective. Its core objective is to "determine the physical impacts and the economic costs of climate change on transport systems and identify the costs and benefits of suitable adaptation and emergency management strategies".
Develop a dynamic model on the causal relations between the severity and frequency of extreme events, the functionality of critical sectors and social welfare.
Detailed assessment of the vulnerable elements and dmange costs in transport systems.
Work out efficient and innovative mechanisms of managing disastrous events, focussing on maintaining the function of transport systems.
Identify appropriate and efficient adaptation strategies for transportation infra-structures and services to ease the impacts of extreme events in the future.
Clarify the role of governments, companies and industry associations.
The WEATHER work packages are closely interlinked as sound adaptation and crises prevention strategies require the simultaneous consideration of various aspects of weather trends, transport economics and policy design.


US SRW and HR wheat futures touched limit up in overnight trade. The driver was a combination of a poorer outlook in Europe but primarily some less than expected yield estimates from the current US spring wheat crop tour. If you believe the US wires.
Last year the producer moaned as the tour results showed there to be much more yield potential than most has thought. This year the reverse appears to be happening. Yields appear to be lower than what the trade were expecting to see.
The real smoke in the distance may not be US spring wheat yields, or even drought conditions in Germany. There are a few rumours starting to emerge that the weather damage to Russian and Ukraine wheat may well be enough to trigger an export ban at some stage. This is almost backed up by recent tender values. Egypt appeared happy to pay US$15 more and now we see some offer values for the latest Bangladesh business coming in US$15 to US$30 higher than previous tender results there.
StrategieGrains reduced total EU wheat production for the second time in 2 weeks. Potentially taking it to a six year low. Soft wheat production is expected to come in around 130mt. Durum estimates are also up in the air but are expected to be less than 10mt now.
As world values rise, so will offer values for new crop grain out of Western Australia. With the east coast at an obvious supply deficit every dollar higher in the west is likely to be reflected in the east. It might pay to watch this from a distance for a few weeks.


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New Books and Old Shelves - Old Tales and a New Year!
Today being on the cusp between the Old Year and the New, it seemed a suitable occasion for a post combining the Old and the New as well. The later part of this year, my mother in law (a wonderful woman) moved into a (high class) assisted living arrangement at age 88. Her new apartment didn't have room for all of her furniture, so when asked if we wanted any of it, I lept at the chance to acquire some "new" old shelving. Like many historical wargamers, my book collection must weigh as much or more than my lead! (My freind, Bob Jones, would tell me it's time to give them all away and stick entirely to digital media - not happening for another decade or two, Bob!) This pair of bookshelves fit exactly beneath a window in my study/computer room. It wasn't until it was in place that I discovered that the height of the shelves *precisely* matches that of Ospreys! Thiss is great, as Ospreys have a tendency to warp etc when set on end on their own.
The new shelf in place. As you can see, I have plenty of Ospreys (don't we all?), Also prominent are works by Chandler, Gill, Petre, Arnold, Oman and many more, as well as my "Lord Kalvan of Otherwhen" sequels. Of course, I have at least 4 times as many more books on OTHER shelves, but still, these shelves have been hugely useful!
This old fashioned "Barrister's Bookcase", of the sort that often held legal books, had been in pieces in the basement of my in-laws condo since they moved there 20 + years ago. It originally belonged to my wife's paternal grandfather (his old chestnut desk, refinished, has been my desk at my office for over 30 years) It seemed to be thoroughly broken, but it still looked like it had such promise that I decided that I'd take it and see what I could do to fix it.
Once the pieces were laid out in my own basement, I realized that it was actually a modular unit, and although one of the 4 modules was broken beyond any reasonable chance of repair, the other three were... perfectly fine, and just needed to be stacked up in the right order to be almost as good as new. Viola! A new, classy bookshelf for my colletions!
After some consideration, I decided to install my English Civil War troops into these shelves. They are among my most attractive figures, yet the soft metal alloy pikes mean that they don't travel away from home. They had been out on display back to my college dorm days in the mid 1970's, and so they are now once again today! On top of the shelf is an old fashioned cast iron coffee grinder from my parent's home. The unit could use a little wood polish once I get around to it!
Close up of the ECW troops on the shelves. That left one more empty shelf - what should I put in that display case?
Well, it turns out that I have a number of HMG Historicon trophies that had just been siting out gathering dust on top of an old refrigerator in the basement, so this presented an ideal location for displaying them.
The large Eagle was from Historicon 2007, the "Vietmeyer Award" for the Battle of Dennewitz, 1813, presented to me tableside by Pete Panzeri, commenting that it was for Big Battles with big figures, in the tradition established by Fred and CLS.
On the far left is an unpainted figure in tricorne, from Historicon 2010, the first year at Valley Forge. I actually was awarded TWO of them that year for 1809 games - one for Tarvis 1809, and the other for Sacile, 1809. Both times the presenters commented that the games looked good, were large, and had many players including youths, but that what struck them, was that it was a NAPOLEONIC game, and yet all the players were LAUGHING and SMILING and obviously having a great time. Well, yes!
The ACW figure was another PELA award, this time from Historicon 2011, for Znaim, 1809. Similar comments were made on presentation of that award, and the game WAS a blast. For that I thank the players at least as much as the GM.
The green Hussar was given to our informal "Hofkreigsrat" group of six at Historicon 2009, for the best theme game (1809 theme), for Eggmuhl. We also ran Razyn, Teugen-Hausen, Aspern-Essling, a Raid set in central Germany 1809 (Von Schill and an Austrian Streifkorps versus a motley conglomeration of Westphalians and Rhinebund minor principality troops), and of course - Wagram.
The final figure is of course of The Emperor himself, and was a gift to me this Christmas from one of my patients, herself the daughter of one of the old guard physicians of our town from the pre World War 2 years. It is from her late husband's collection, as a thank you for taking on a grand daughter with severe medical and emotional problems who had been to 4 different ER's over 2 weeks, severely ill, without benefit. (She is now thankfully dramatically improved - it's amazing what you can learn from the patient themselves - as Sir William Osler said "If you listen to the patient, they'll tell you what's wrong with them". The sad thing is that such an obvious thing seems almost profound to doctors now days... and it did even back then, too!)
Well, enough then of the old. What of the new? This Christmas I got several interesting new books from friends and family. In no particular order, here they are:
This latest sequel (by John Carr) to the late H. Beam Piper's wonderful novel, ":Lord Kalvan of Otherwhen, was due out quite some time ago. It turns out that John himself was very seriously ill, and hospitalized for over a month with a bone marrow transplant. He has finally recovered, and I can't wait to read this latest saga set in the Aryan Transpacific Timeline, Styphon's House Subsector. For more on Kalvan's adventures, see the label on the side bar and John's website, Hostigos.com.
From our good friends who "get" my love of history, and share it as well, comes this book about the sunset years of the Empire. I look forward to reading this one as well!
It has been said that the only person in history who has had more books written about them than Napoleon is Jesus Christ. Thus, a new Biography of Napoleon? Yes indeed, and it has had very favorable reviews. I haven't read a non military history of the Emperor in many years, so I look forward to this tome as well!
From the publisher: This book examines the rise of Sweden as the pre-eminent military power in Europe during the Thirty Years War in the 1600's, and then follows its line of warrior kings into the next century until the Swedes finally meet their demise, in an overreach into the vastness of Russia. Focusing on the Thirty Years War, which hasn't been the subject of a book since 1969, Lunde examines the military role of Northern and Eastern Europe from the late sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century. Ultimately, this book examines how a poor country with a population of only about 1.3 million people was able to become a military superpower against larger and more wealthy countries such as Russia, Poland, the Roman Empire, Bavaria, and Spain." With my interest in the Pike and Shot era, and my Scandinavian heritage, this one promises to be a good read as well! Now I just need some time to curl up and read these latest additions to my library!
Ein glückliches neues Jahr!
Felice Anno Nuovo!
Próspero Ano Novo!
Which, of course is to say: a very happy, healthy, and prosperous New Year to you all, my friends!
Labels: Lord Kalvan of Otherwhen
40th Infantry Regiment: 2nd Somersetshire
Formation and Early History
The unit that would eventually become the 40th Regiment of the British army was formed in 1717 by the governor of Nova Scotia, General Richard Phillips, who merged eight companies of local service troops into a single regiment. In 1751 this unit was assigned the numeral 40, and 10 years later it left North America for the first time for in the West Indies. In June 1775 the Regiment was sent to Boston Massachusetts, which meant that it was already in North America on the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. It fought in the West Indies as well as on the American mainland during the war.
The newest addition to my growing British Napoleonic Army, the 40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, through 1808
The regiment's first deployment during the French Revolutionary Wars was two-faceted, with its center companies fighting in Flanders and Brittany, and its light-infantry flank companies deployed to the West Indies. The regiment was reunited in the West Indies in 1795, serving on Santo Domingo and Jamaica before returning to Britain in 1798.
In 1799 the regiment raised a 2nd Battalion for the Helder campaign in Holland. The following year the flank companies of both battalions landed at Aboukir Bay near Alexandria, Egypt. The 2nd Battalion was disbanded in 1802. From 1802 to 1804 the regiment was kept in Britain, raising another 2nd Battalion in 1804 for service in Britain and Ireland. The 1st Battalion was dispatched to South America, where it was part of the failed attempt to capture Buenos Aires in 1806.
Old Glory 28mm figures, with a GMB flag. Buff facings (and belts), gold lace for the officers. I have given this unit grey trousers instead of buff ones, though.
The 40th was deployed to Spain and Portugal from 1808 to 1814. It was thus one of only three regiments to serve throughout the Peninsular campaign. It saw extensive action there, participating (chronologically) in the battles of Goleta, Vimiera, Talavera, and Albuhera, the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, the assault of Badajoz, the battles of Salamanca, Vittoria, and The Pyrenees, the siege of St. Sebastian, and the battles of Nivelle, the Nive, Orthez and Toulouse. It was then sent to Canada in 1814 to fight in the War of 1812 (later participating in the fighting around New Orleans), before being quickly recalled to Europe the following year when Napoleon escaped from Elba.
Nicknames for the 40th Regiment included "The Fighting Fortieth "(for its courage in Egypt), and "The Excellers" (a pun on its Latin numeral, XL)
Waterloo:
The 40th had recently returned from campaigning in America. The soldiers were seasoned veterans of Wellington's Peninsular victories. With the 4th (King's Own) and the 27th Inniskillings, they formed Lambert's brigade. After a forced march from Ghent, they arrived near the village of Waterloo late in the evening of 17 June, and the next morning were placed in reserve behind the center of Wellington's position.
At about 3 o'clock, following the repulse of a massed infantry attack on the Allied left centre, Wellington ordered Lambert's brigade into the front line to defend the vital cross-roads behind La Haye Sainte. Shortly afterwards, mistaking allied redeployment on the ridge for signs of retreat, Napoleon launched eight and a half thousand of his superb cavalry, led by Marshal Ney, in an impetuous charge against the center of the Allied line.
The 40th, along with the rest of Lambert's brigade, formed square and held their ground against repeated attacks by French cavalry, infantry and guns, sometimes combined and sometimes separately. At times they were engaged by several columns of infantry at once, and were frequently surrounded by French cavalry, who became more and more desperate as the battle developed. Their position, some three hundred yards from the farm buildings of La Haie Sainte, was particularly exposed when, at about 6.30 pm, the farm was captured by the French. An enemy break-through in Wellington's center appeared imminent, but despite the ferocity and persistence of the close-quarter infantry assaults, the constant and destructive cannonade of the enemy guns, and the fire of the French tirailleurs on the rising ground to their front, the Regiment yielded not a foot of ground.
Major Heyland, commanding the 40th, was shot dead that day during an attack by massed infantry. At the end of the day around one in four of the 40th had fallen around their Colors, which were shot to ribbons (their losses totalled 167 killed and wounded).
For their steadfastness, discipline and stubborn gallantry at Waterloo, the 40th Regiment of Foot was permitted to encircle their badges on heir Colors with a wreath of laurels, a tradition which continues to its successors of the present day.
A great on line source for this unit, said to have been "perhaps the finest Regioment in the Army today", is: Historical Records of the 40th Infantry Regiment
Labels: British, Napoleonic, Old Glory, Unit Pictures
Battle of Santo Miguel with Die Fighting 2: AAR and Review
See my earlier post for the set up of this battle, set circa 1810 in the Peninsula.
Barry lost no time pushing the British command forwards. He chose to use 2 red resource dice per move, burning up dice at a good rate, but he had better commanders overall, and turned 2 Infantry Action Cards during the first turn. The Napoleonic Template allows a "Mass Column" formation - essentially 3 or more contiguous units in Attack column. The advantage of this formation is that although each unit still rolls individually, only the Best roll is used, and the entire formation moves (up to) that distance. The formation also gets to roll a green Free die, making the maximum possible move distance 18".
Somewhat cramped for space, the Brunswick command stationed behind chose to advance only with their Jagers in Skirmish Order. Skirmishers in DF2 also get a free Green die when moving, and re-roll their lowest die; if they are also Light Infantry or Elites (as is usually the case) they get a second, green Free Die for movement.
View of the British advance from the rear. Musketry range is generous in DF2, with short range at 4", long at 8" and extreme at 12". Both the deployment and the objective markers placed on the chapel of Santo Miguel and the far road exit (French line of communications) made this line of attack (and defending against it) pretty much a necessity.
On the Allied left, the Headstrong Portuguese commander also advanced. Being Headstrong, his units HAD to always roll two red resource dice for movement, plus an additional Green Free die for having a Headstrong commander, AND they had to move the FULL distance rolled! With so many dice in play, they easily closed to short range of the defending Germans. The crack, elite Baden Jagers in skirmish order thorough;y annoyed the Portuguese, whose own skirmishers (cazadores) were Poor. Skirmishers get an extra green free die when firing, and also an extra green free die when fired at, AND cause Disorder more readily than the volleys from formed unit. We made a mistake at first as well, bu having these uber-menschs reload on both the Special Actions card AND the critical "Four-R" card (Rally, Remove, Restore, Retreat). This seemed wrong, and we ultimately discovered our error, but not before the Terrors for Baden had thrown back 2 Portuguese units in Disorder. The close range cannister fire of their (poor) supporting battery accounted for another Portuguese infantry unit thrown back. the final unit, though, was able to charge home on the guns, inflicting a marginal defeat on the artillery men (the total of their red, free green, and yellow Command dice was 6 or less higher than the opposition. In this situation, the defender has the option to pay the difference in score from his red dice AGAIN (he already paid it once for the combat loss itself) and stand in good order, or withdraw a D6 roll in inches (also in good order). Artillery that are over run in melee award a 3 x D6 roll worth of Red resource dice to the enemy command doing so. Ouch! I opted to pay the red dice and stand in good order. In retrospect, having plenty of supporting units nearby, taking the withdrawal (also in good order) would probably have been the wiser call. However, in this case, my German commander was also Headstrong, and such characters MUST buy down marginal losses in melee and stand - so I really didn't have that choice in this case after all!
I ended turn 1 without having turned the critical "4-R card". There are 8 cards in the standard DF2 deck - two each Infantry Action and Cavalry Action, 1 Artillery Action, One Special Actions, 1 Officer Actions, and 1 "Four R" card. The "Four-R" card is critical because it is the time when you get to replenish each command (and the C-in-C's" pool of red Resource dice. When this card appears, any unused yellow command dice are lost, but the officer's allotment of Yellow dice is returned to full (note that wounded officers lose a yellow die for each wound they suffer). Those restored yellow dice are rolled and each command adds the score worth of red Resource dice to its pool. All "smoke" markers are removed from units that have fired (exception : skirmishers and cavalry), enabling to fire again. Disordered and or Routed units may rally, and those that do not do so retreat. DF2 has a special rule for this allowing you to forgo the last card of the turn IF you have not turned the 4-R card earlier in the turn. In this case things are the same as if you had turned the Four R card, except that each officer rolls their full complement of yellow Leadership dice (3 to 5), but only rolls of 3 or more are restored - effectively a 33% reduction in Leadership dice for the next turn. It is these reduced dice that are then rolled and the score in red Resource dice added to the command';s pool. However, NO units may be rallied on the Modified procedure - all units with Black dice retreat the roll of those dice (never more than 2, any unit that would acquire three black dice is eliminated instead), plus 6'". Disordered units stay Disordered. Thus my having to use this alternate procedure at the end of turn 1 placed me at a disadvantage at several levels at the end of Turn 1.
On Turn 2, Barry used an Infantry Action card to attack the French Division defending the plateau, along with the pesky Badener Jagers, and to resolve the continued melee with my Wurttemburg battery. My defensive fire succeeded in repelling one of the British units and pinning his Light Infantry in place, but the other 2 British units closed!
Die Fighting 2 handles terrain modifiers in a rather elegant way. Terrain ranges from Class 0 (normal open terrain) to Class 6 (impassable). Class 1 represents minor impedances that may not show on the battlefield such as muddy fields, ditches, and the like. Class 2 represents light woods and gentle slopes, Class 3 is dense woods, stone buildings, steep hills, and so on. For movement in difficult terrain, the unit stops on contact. When nit next attempts to move in the difficult terrain any dice rolling the Class of the terrain or less are eliminated -0 thus if you move at a unit in a Class 3 Forrest, any dice rolling a 1, 2, or 3 are ignored! The same thing applies if you are shooting at or engaged in melee with a unity in difficult terrain - all of your rolls that score the class of the terrain or less are dropped. Simple, elegant, and very effective!
Barry's attack proved to be all too effective - The Jagers and artillery were both soundly defeated (fighting skirmishers in melee gives the formed unit an extra green die in melee), the artillery catastrophically (oops - this should have awarded Barry's Portuguese command a much needed 3D6 roll worth of Red dice!). Barry had more yellow dice to allocate to his troops, due to both having better commanders and my having had to use the modified 4R card rule the previous turn. The unit attacking the plateau opted not to engage in melee after all once the modifiers were tallied!
A view of the Anglo Allied rear area. They have quite a few units that have been repulsed in the initial advance, but there are plenty more at hand. This is a good time to make an observation about long range artillery fire. This is seldom effective, and thus seems a waste of the red resource dice needed to fire ... except that the target MUST roll at least 1 red resource dice itself, and often two if you roll two - thus the effect is much like softening up the target command over time by depleting their stock of Red dice. Of course, you need to decide judiciously where it is worth it to expend your own dice in this fashion, but it certainly can put added pressure on a command that is already in precarious shape. Much the same is true of trading volleys between two units in similar formations. Of course, if the target belongs to a command has NO red dice remaining, they become very vulnerable to the demoralizing effect of being under fire!
Sir Barry is a bit of a beau sabre, and in his first turn, it was his two Cavalry action cards that were discarded, so his cavalry pretty much twiddled their collective thumbs that turn. This turn he had two Cavalry Action cards in quick succession. This lead to a daring attempt by the Portuguese Dragoons to charge the advancing Westphalian infantry (Militia rated). Despite generously allocating yellow dice to the charge, they fell short in Disorder, and many saddles were emptied by the Westphalian muskets firing at close range! Note the black die - a unit suffering a loss of 7 - 12 dice in melee or fire combat gets a black die, the roll which is subtracted from all of its future dice scores.
The French use an Infantry Action card to infiltrate their skirmishers onto to the flank of the British attack, shielded by the impassable Muro river. Chivalrously, I declined to fire at his now exposed flank at this time. Clearly must have been thinking I was fighting in the previous century, LOL!
Overview of the German sector of my line. The defeated Jagers and Artillery are notable, but Barry's Portuguese infantrty is isolated. I could have ganged up on it pretty badly, except.... that I was out of Red dice for this Command. With no Red dice for the command, I am in serious trouble. First I am at risk of losing the battle as of the end of the turn. Second, if I am required to lose any more, my entire German command will be thrown into Disorder. Finally, I cannot move forward or shoot with any unit in the command, even with my loaded units. Ouch!
A view of the French defensive line around Sarto Miguel. I had had the opportunity to transfer some of the 25 red dice in the C-in-C's dice pool earlier this turn when I turned the 4R card this turn, but forgot that was the card used for Red dice for transfers as opposed to the Command Card (which pretty much just allows the Command stands to move). Barry and I (especially me) forgot to use the C-in-C's yellow dice for much o f anything. That could have bolstered my German units in their melees, although his low rating with only 3 dice not only limited the number of dice he had, but also the odds of making a successful transfer. Also doing so puts the C-in-C at risk. To transfer Red dice or add yellow dice to a unit's roll, you roll dice equal to the commanders rating - the total must be less than or equal to the distance from the Command stand to the unit (or subordinate), or the transfer fails and the dice are lost.
We reached the end of the turn, and this time it was Barry who has failed to turn the "Four R" card and thus had to use the alternate procedure as cited above. At the end of Turn 2, the Red dice totals stood as follows:
Anglo-Allied
C-in-C: 42
British Division: 17 (only 5 before the modified Four R card rule was applied)
Portuguese Division: 11 (only 1 before the modified 4 R rule was applied, BUT they should have gotten a bonus 3D6 worth of red dice for causing a catastrophic defeat)
Brunswick Division: 53
French Division: 37
Rhinebund Division: 0
Westphalian Division: 54
In Fie Fighting 2, the game ends and Victory is determined in one of three ways:
1) Ignominious rout: If two or more sub-command buckets of an army are empty at any time on the same turn, the game ends immediately with their defeated army rolling a die for each unit
in the depleted commands -– 1 or 2 and the unit is considered lost to pursuit.
2) Decisive defeat: If any sub-command bucket remains empty when the turn has ended (the modified 4R may not be used to escape this circumstance), the game ends immediately and the defeated army rolls for each unit in the disorganized command. Any 1 rolled indicates the unit is considered lost to pursuit.
• Note: If BOTH armies are simultaneously suffering the above
situations the game continues without any restrictions until only
one army is so affected, or one concedes.
3) Narrow defeat: If an Army that has placed a Concede card in the deck (done at the re-shuffle at the end of each turn) and turns over that card on a phase, and all commands have red resource dice, then this is a concession with an orderly retreat. The battle ends. No losses after its appearance.
Scenario conditions of victory may of course supersede these.
As my German Division ended the turn at zero Red dice, the French thus suffered a Decisive Defeat. Of course, this could have been averted had I transferred any dice to this Division before the start of the game, or on my Four-R card in turn 2, or if I had fired into the flank of the British with an effect of 5 or more (thus reducing them to zero Red dice as well).
It can easily be seen how smoothly this process would translate into a larger campaign!
The scenario (which is in fact the San Michelle 1809 - Eugene vs Erzherzog Johann, scenario from my own Blunders on the Danube scenario book, adapted and modified for DF2, and with the French in the position of the Austrians, and the British in the role that the French took) was perhaps somewhat dense in units for DF2. It also left 1 command on each side largely out of the action. For a first game, and with only one player on each side, that was perhaps not such a bad thing!
Rules Review/Commentary:
Rating the units and commanders and generating the starting Resource Dice was relatively quick and easy. I would suggest writing the rating rolls and the Poor/Crack distinctions on the roster sheet provided (as a PDF). Assigning ratings to the units is best done with a broad brush - hence the the "Militia" status assigned to the Brunswickers and Westphalians, and the Guard status given to the Fusiliers.
The changes from the original Die Fighting have improved and simplified the game considerably, while increasing the tension level. The game was fun to play, and played quite quickly, even with being new to the rules and each of us handling three commands. Had we grasped the importance of distributing the C-in-C's die pool in a timely fashion, the game would certainly have gone at least three turns, and almost certainly no more than five turns. The interplay of the rules is quite subtle at times, but no less effective for that. The rules as they stand now are quite elegant. The Napoleonic template seemed to have appropriate modifiers to encourage period tactics and troop usage. There was one omission on the template related to Square formation in melee, which has already been corrected by e-mailing a new, corrected template to purchasers.
As one might expect from a Bob Jones design, there are a lot more choices for the player to make than in most wargames rules, and those choices will usually be the main determinants of defeat or victory. Doing nothing is often both a viable and wise move - a command that does little for a few turns and then uses its stock of accumulated red dice to move to the attack could be difficult to stop if the target command has already been "softened up". Similarly, a command with poor leaders and sub par troops had best stand on the defensive if at all possible!
It is not necessary to purchase 100's of red dice to use with the rules. Poker chips, playing cards, floral glass "stones" or similar can be used to track the red "resource dice" instead (we used hash marks on the roster sheet for this game). On the other hand, there is something to be said for the tactile and auditory effect of discarding actual dice, and it makes it less likely that you'll forget to expend them as you roll them!
The video presentation conveys the rules effectively, and is very professionally done. It runs about an hour. If anything, I could have done with rather more video examples of play on the CD! The low cost of the rules and of shipping, especially overseas is another plus of the CD format. I kept my laptop alongside the table and did refer to the PDF "slideshow" quite a bit for this first game. The organization of the slideshow made it fairly easy to find the right slide (page), although an index would have been useful (I have to download Quicktime to my touchscreen Laptop, which might improve the ease of finding a given slide (page) of the rules on the laptop - using the scroll wheel works great on my Desktop!)The need for that should decrease exponentially with further play. I definitely plan to develop my own QRS for some of the common rules issues that arise, and it will occupy the reverse side of the period Template in use.
Bob has plans to produce a premium set of phase deck cards, which will be welcome, as the ones printed out from the pdf provided are functional but nothing more. He also has a really interesting plan to produce "decks" of historical commanders for some of the eras covered by the templates, so that one would draw a card from the deck and that would be your officer for the game. Some days you draw a Davout or a Lannes, and others you draw... an Oudinot! Even then, such personalities might have unique features associated with them - Oudinot, I'd allow to re-roll any result indicating his death to convert it to "just a(nother) flesh wound", and Ney might be worth only three Yellow dice, but they might count double when influencing hand to hand combat or rallying troops! The possibilities are almost endless.
While the rules can easily be used for historical scenarios, I think they are stronger for hypothetical engagements, "Imagi-nations"and "pick up" type games. The creative use of the Objective markers is probably one of the best ways to handle historical scenarios, and they play a significant role in shaping fictitious actions as well. The development of the planned Campaign rules, "Die Marching", is eagerly awaited in that regard. The defined victory conditions and relatively short playing time would seem to make the rules very convention friendly!
Bottom Line: I like the rules... enough that I have decided to run a game with them at HAVOC this spring and Historicon this summer!
Labels: Battle Reports, Die Fighting, Napoleonic, Rules Reviews
Rory, Annie, and Zoe are in the Christmas spirit of love, just before the family carol sing last night!
A very Merry Christmas to all that celebrate it.
Hope you got the toys you were wishing for!
Battle of Santo Miguel with Die Fighting 2: Set up
For a first play through of Bob Jones' new "Die Fighting 2!" rules, I decided to take my new British Napoleonic troops out for a test drive. This also allowed me to use some other British allied troops that had seldom, if ever seen the tabletop - my Portuguese and my Brunswickers. My large basement table remains set up for a retest of my Bicocca scenario with Hostile Realms, so the dining room table was commandeered for the day. With a second, folding camp table along side, it made a 6 foot by 6 foot surface for the game, which would be set in Spain... the battle of Santo Miguel.
One of the key difference between the original version of Die Fighting! and the second edition was immediately reinforced upon the initial set up of the scenario. In the original version, each unit contributed a number of red "resource dice"dice to an army wide pool, according to its type. In Die Fighting 2!, the initial resource dice are generated by the commanders - the number of units in each command is not factored in at all (typically, a Command has 7 -12 units in it). Each of the commanders is rated by rolling 2 D6; the score determines the number of Yellow Command Dice each leader has; many will have special characteristics as well. The various period templates have suggestions for modifications of these rolls for nationality and year, but we used the unmodified rolls for this game. Each Commander then rills the appropriate number of Yellow dice TWICE before the start of the game - the total is the number of resource dice that Command starts with. Each army C-in-C rolls his yellow dice only once, and takes that number of Red Resource dice. Prior to the start of the game, the C-in-C can allocate some or all of his red Resource Dice to any mix of his commands.
Similarly the individual units can be Poor, Average, or Crack. This too is determined by rolling 2 D6 for each unit, and once again the period templates have suggested modifiers by nation and year. Militia units, however, can never be Crack and Guard units can never be Poor. Once again, we ignored those modifiers for this battle. The OOB below was set by the scenario; the ratings and starting dice as we rolled them are also shown.
Anglo-Allied: 18 Infantry, 4 cavalry, 3 Batteries
C-in-C: Sir Barry, Viscount Franberry . Very Dependable, 4 Dice (19 Resource Dice)
Command 1: Sir Arthur Weasley - Very Dependable, 4 Dice (31 Resource Dice)
3 British Light Infantry (Elite) 1 Crack
3 British Line Infantry (Regular) 1 Crack
1 British Fusilier (Guard) Crack
1 9# British RHA (Elite) (Heavy Artillery)
1 British Light Dragoon (Regular)
1 British Hussar (Elite)
Command 2: Conde de Cabeçalouca - Headstrong, 4 Dice (32 Resource Dice)
4 Portuguese Line (Regular) 1 Crack, 2 Poor
1 Portuguese Cazadore (Elite) Poor
1 Portuguese Dragoon (Militia, HC)
1 6# Portuguese Artillery (Regular) Crack
Command 3: Graf von Schwarzbach - Very Dependable, 4 Dice (32 Resource Dice)
2 British Line (regular)
1 Brunswick Light (Regular)
3 Brunswick Line (Militia)
1 Brunswick Hussar (Regular)
1 Brunswick Lancer (Regular) Crack
1 6# Brunswick Foot Battery (Regular)
French and Freinds: 15 Infantry, 2 Cavalry, 2 Batteries
C-in-C: Maréchal Pierre Heureux- Average, 3 Dice (11 Resource Dice)
Command 1: General de Division Renée Blasé - Average, 3 Dice (24 Resource Dice)
1 Legere (Elite)
4 Line (Regular) 1 Crack
1 Vistula Legion Infantry (Elite)
1 French Chasseur a Cheval (Regular) Crack
6# Battery (Regular)
Command 2: General-Major Heißenkopf - Headstrong, 4 Dice (30 Resource Dice)
1 Baden Light (Elite) Crack
2 Baden Line (Regular)
2 Hessian Line (Regular) 1 Crack, 1 Poor
1 French Dragoon (Regular) Crack
1 6#Wurttemburg Foot Artillery (Regular) Poor
Command 3: General-Major Faber du Funf - Fabian, 5 Dice (31 Resource Dice)
1 Westphalian Light (Regular)
3 Westphalian Line (Militia)
The battlefield from the West, Southern half. he Chapel of Santo Miguel on the plateau dominates the field, and is a British objective. So too are the bridge and especially the distant road exiting through a ravine, which is the French line of Communications. The River Muro is unfordable, and the distant, swift flowing stream beyond the plateau is Class 3.
The Battlefield from the West, Northern half, Dominated by step hillsides. The wooded portions are class 2 terrain, the bare hillsides are class 2.
The French Division occupies the Southern part of the plateau, supported by a Rhinebund Division to the North. Their objective is to hold off the British and their allies until nightfall, so that they can make good their withdrawal. Marechal Pierre is said to be one of the Emperor's favorites. When presented with candidates for command, he is often heard to ask "Ist-il... Heureux?"
A small, not very enthusiastic Westphalian Division has lagged behind, but is marching to the South towards the sound of the guns!
Sir Barry's main strength is the excellent British Division to the South, supported by Portuguese allies to the North, and a band of Brunswickers of dubious quality supporting them from behind.
Both Sir Barry and Marechal Pierre deigned to transfer any of their personal Resource Dice pool to their sub-commands prior to the start of the game, evidently preferring to maintain flexibility and await events. We shall see if this was a prudent decision or not! Thus the table is set, and the players have taken the stage. The next post will reveal how the game unfolded...
Labels: Baden, British, Brunswick, Die Fighting, France, Hessen-Darmstadt, Napoleonic, Portuguese, Scenarios, Westphalia
Napoleonic Sailing Ships - The Spanish
Another, smaller fleet from my collection of 1:1200 Napoleonic warships is the Spanish. At the start of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, Spain had the third largest fleet, after those of Great Britain and France. At various times, the Spanish were both allied or enemies of both of the two main protagonists, making their ships versatile from a Wargames perspective.
The 36 gun Frigate Santa Cecelia and an old, undersized 64 gun Ship of the Line, the San Juan.
Close up picture of the Santa Cecelia and the San Juan
This top down view gives a better idea of how the decks and Ratlines look.
The next pair ate the 74 gun 3rd Rates San Leandro and San Antonio. As a wargames convention, I have chosen to give my Spanish ships dark red sides. There were indeed Spanish ships painted in that scheme, but certainly not the majority. it suits my purposes for ready identification, though - although the colorful Spanish pennants and flags probably do that even better!
This picture shows the reef lines on the sails well.
The ships' bases are 1.5 inches wide by 3 inches long.
Last are two heavy hitters - the 80 gun San Rafael, and the enormous 112 gun Real Carlos. The Spanuish fleet at the time of the battle of Trafalgar (1805) included the world's largest warship, the gun Santissima Trinidad. It was originally laid down as a 112 gun ship, but was later modified to carry a staggering 140 guns!
Larger image of these two imposing Spanish warships.
The San Rafael and Real Carlos again. There is something impressive about these tall ships, even in miniature. I have been on several square rigged ships under sail, and they are very impressive from on deck as well... and also very finicky to handle. Tacking across the wind (Jibe) takes a fairly large and experienced crew,. as well as a seasoned captain to avoid the ship being caught "in irons" and failing to make the transition to the opposite tack!
The entire Spanish squadron of 6 ships. Patrick O'Brian's tongue in cheek Spanish Frigate, the Cacafuego, is oddly missing! :-) A great series by the way, if not quite as action packed as the C.S. Forester Hornblower novels.
They are a most suitable ally (or foe) to the French ships posted last month!
A modern depiction of the enormous Santisima Trinidad at anchor.
Labels: Napoleonic, Naval, Sailing Ships, Spanish
Piquet/Field of Battle : New PDFs and Holiday Sale!
My freind, Brent Oman of Piquet, Inc has been busy adding new items to those available in pdf format, AND is having a big sale on PDF's for the next week. I'll let Brent do the rest of the talking:
To help make your holiday funds go a bit further, I'm having a sale on all of the rule sets in PDF form. From now until the end of day next Friday (12/19), all sets previously $15 are $8, and sets previously $12 are $6. I may, or may not, extend or change the sale date and our prices after the 19th. So act now!
I'm also adding new sets for availability:
Band of Brothers, 2nd Edition
Peter Anderson & Ken Baggeley
Archon, 2nd Edition
Eric Burgess
Barrage!
Chef de PK
Jim Getz
Din of Battle, 2nd Edition
Field of Battle: World War II
Brent Oman
The half price sale prices for all items are:
Archon 2nd Edition: $8
Band of Brothers 2nd Edition: $8
Les Grognards 2nd Edition: $8
Chef de PK: $6
Grand Piquet: $6
Blunders on the Danube: $8
Hallowed Ground 2nd Edition: $8
Din of Battle: $8
Barrage with Point of Attack 20th Century: $8
Field of Battle: World War 1 $8
PKowboys: $6
Theatre of War: $8
As always, please pay via PayPal to me at brentoman@q.com .
Such a deal! And with pdf's, no worries about delivery before Christmas!
Posted by Gonsalvo at 9:50 AM 6 comments:
Labels: Field of Battle, Piquet
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Battle of La Bicocca: April 22, 1522

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Zbirni jezik (, iz assemble sestavljati) je nizkonivojski programski jezik druge generacije (2GL) – prve generacije (1GL) je strojna koda – ki je napisan s pomniki. Splošno velja, da ti pomniki predstavljajo berljive enačice dvojiških zaporedij (ničle in enice), ki jih je treba sestaviti, da dobimo za osrednje preračunalo razumljive ukaze. Natančno gledano, pomniki predstavljajo ukazne nize (angl. operation codes, skrajšano opcodes), ki so v osrednjem preračunalu sestavljeni iz ISA (ang. Instruction Set Architecture, sestava ukaznih nizov). Te ukaze pa je nato navadno treba povezati z določeno skladnjo, da dobimo delujoč in izvršljiv program. Določene programske opreme zbirnikov, kakor je za zgled FASM, samo zamenjajo pomnike in spremenljivke z ustreznimi ukazi v strojnem programskem jeziku. Tako se dobi ploske izvršilne datoteke, ki vsebujejo (sicer odvisno od izkušenj posameznega računalniškega ukazopisca) strojne ukazne nize z izjemno postopkovno uspešnostjo.

Zbirni jezik predstavlja najboljši približek dobesednemu prevodu navodil, ki jih računalnik izvaja, v človeku razumljivo obliko. Reklo bi se lahko tudi, da je zbirni jezik oče vseh drugih programskih jezikov, saj se vsi jeziki, ki uporabljajo prevajalnik, prevajajo v zbirni jezik (vendar pa večina prevajalnikov teh jezikov ukaze samodejno po koncu prevajanja še sestavi in poveže).

Kot nizkonivojski programski jezik, je jezikoslovje sestavljalnika vezano na specifičen tip računalnika. Na primer jezikoslovje zbirnika za Intelove procesorje (na kratko »x86 zbirnik«) izdeluje programe, ki lahko tečejo samo na Intelovih in vseh Intelovim skladnih procesorjih, vendar pa je ob tem vredno pomniti da to velja tudi za vso že prevedeno kodo višjenivojskih jezikov.

Dandanes ima velika večina računalnikov medsebojno skladno strojno opremo, ampak medsebojno neskladno programsko opremo. V taki situaciji ima zbirni jezik v prenosljivosti prednost pred višjenivojski, saj ni nujno vezana na programsko opremo.

Zaradi svoje neposrednosti ima zbirni jezik lahko tudi druge prednost, saj lahko programer v zbirniku naredi vse kar je izvedljivo v vseh višjenivojskih programskih jezikih skupaj. Iz podobnih razlogov je možno vsak obstoječi sestavljen program razstaviti nazaj v zbirno obliko.

Jezikoslovje zbirnega programskega jezika

Jezikoslovje tega jezika temelji na strojni kodi v katero se ta le-ta neposredno sestavlja. V določenih primerih je strojna koda v predstavitvi kot človeku razumljivo besedilo poenostavljena, zato da je delovanje jezika bolj intuitivno.

Način delovanja procesorja se odraža v jeziku nekako takole:
 Premikanje podatkov (MOV)
 iz spomina v procesor
 med deli procesorja
 iz procesorja v druge naprave
 Delo s podatki
 računske operacije (ADD kot +, SUB kot -, itd)
 logične operacije (AND kot logični in, OR kot logični ali, itd)
 primerjave (CMP, TEST, itd)
 Spreminjanje poteka programa
 Skok na drugo mesto v programu (JMP)
 Skok na drugo mesto v programu pod pogojem (JE, JNE, JA, itd)

Poleg teh osnovnih mnemonov pa različni procesorji vsebujejo stotine specializiranih mnemonov, ki delujejo kot bližnjice v pri bolj zapletenih problemih. Z podrobnejše informacije o le-teh je navadno na voljo dokumentacija procesorja.

Pri zbirnem jeziku ni vsiljenih pomnilniških struktur, posledično pa tudi ne spremenljivk ali podprogramov. Vso naslavljanje (kje se iščejo podatki in kje se naj nadaljuje program pri skokih) se zato opravlja samo na podlagi razdalje od izhodiščne točke, ki se nahaja na začetku programa, termin za to pa je »odmik«. Ta odmik se v programski kodi piše skrajno levo, podbno kot oštevilčevanje pri programskem jeziku BASIC. Podobno kot pri BASICu, je tudi pri zbirnem jeziku obvezno označevanje opuščeno in lahko se uporablja kose besedila, ki jih zbirnik potem sam zamenja z primernimi številčnimi odmiki.

Primer programa v zbirniku

Tole je primer »živijo svet« programa v Ploščatem Zbirniku (FASM):

format PE GUI 4.0
include 'win32ax.inc'
.code
        invoke  MessageBox,HWND_DESKTOP,"Zivijo svet!«,"Program Zivijo Svet«,MB_OK
        invoke  ExitProcess,0

Soroden primer programske opreme »živijo svet«, v ELF zapisu, brez pred definiranih makroinstrukcij mnemonikov:

format ELF executable
entry Zacni

segment readable executable

Zacni:

	MOV EAX,4
	MOV EBX,1
	MOV ECX,SPOROCILO
	MOV EDX,VELIKOST
	INT 0x80

	MOV EAX,1
	XOR EBX,EBX
	INT 0x80

segment readable writeable

SPOROCILO DB 'Zivijo svet!',0xA
VELIKOST = $-SPOROCILO

Tule pa je primer DLLja napisanega v Ploščatem Zbirniku (FASM):
format PE GUI 4.0 DLL
entry DllEntryPoint

include 'win32axp.inc'

section '.code' code executable readable

proc DllEntryPoint      hinstDLL,fdwReason,lpvReserved
                mov     eax,TRUE
                ret
endp

proc Encrypt    dataBuffer,dataLenght
                mov     esi,[dataBuffer]
                mov     ebx,esi
                add     ebx,[dataLenght]
                dec     ebx
                mov     edx, 'PASS'
ecryptZanka:    mov     eax, dword [esi]
                xor     eax, edx
                mov     dword [esi],eax
                add     esi,4
                cmp     esi,ebx
                jna     ecryptZanka
                ret
endp

section '.edata' export data readable

export  'CRYPTODLL.DLL',\
        Encrypt,        'Encrypt'

Ko se neki program enkrat sestavi, ga lahko v obratnem postopku spet razstavimo. Tule je primer tega kar dobimo iz programa za razstavljanje:
:004012A2 0500466F72              add eax, 726F4600
:004012A7 6D                      insd
:004012A8 3100                    xor dword ptr [eax], eax
:004012AA 0D010D0041              or eax, 41000D01
:004012AF 7070                    jo 00401321
:004012B1 204368                  and byte ptr [ebx+68], al
:004012B4 61                      popad
:004012B5 6C                      insb
:004012B6 6C                      insb
:004012B7 65                      BYTE 065h

Pri čemer prvi stolpec kaže odmik, drugi stolpec heksadecimalno predstavitev nerazstavljene kode, zadnji pa razstavljene mnemone z parametri.

Glej tudi
 nizkonivojski jezik

Zunanje povezave
 Uvod v programiranje v zbirnem jeziku
 ProgrammersHeaven - Stran z primeri in vodiči kako pisati programe v zbirniku
 FlatAssembler.Net - Spletna stran Ploščatega Zbirnika

Programski jeziki

pl:Asembler#Język asemblera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
La chiesa di Santa Maria Ausiliatrice è un edificio religioso situato a Marrucheti, nel comune di Campagnatico, nella provincia di Grosseto, in Toscana.

Storia
La chiesa si trova al centro della frazione, situata nella parte sud-occidentale del territorio comunale, lungo la strada provinciale delle Conce.

L'edificio religioso fu costruito tra il 1947 e il 1950 in stile neoromanico, su progetto di Ernesto Ganelli.

Descrizione

Esterno
La chiesa, a pianta rettangolare, si presenta ad aula unica con tetto a capanna e strutture murarie rivestite in intonaco. Al centro della facciata anteriore si apre il portale ligneo d'ingresso ad arco tondo, nella cui area si addossa alla facciata un piccolo pronao in laterizio che si apre con un ampio arco a tutto sesto, sopra il quale culmina con un frontone triangolare. Al centro della parte superiore della facciata anteriore si trova un rosone circolare che contribuisce all'illuminazione naturale dell'interno, per la quale risultano utili anche le monofore ad arco tondo che si aprono lungo i due fianchi laterali.

Sulla parte posteriore del fianco laterale destro si addossa il campanile a sezione quadrata, con strutture murarie in laterizio dalle linee semplici, alla cui sommità si apre una coppia di monofore su ciascun lato a racchiudere la cella campanaria, chiusa a sua volta in alto dal semplice tetto di copertura della torre campanaria.

Interno
L'interno si presenta a navata unica, caratterizzata dalla sequenza di una serie di campate in cui è ripartita, ciascuna delle quali caratterizzata da un arco neoromanico a tutto sesto. Lateralmente si trovano due cappelle, mentre l'area presbiterale che precede l'abside si caratterizza per la volta a botte.

Note

Bibliografia
 Soprintendenza per i Beni Architettonici e per il Paesaggio per le province di Siena e Grosseto, Chiesa di Santa Maria Ausiliatrice a Marrucheti: Comune di Campagnatico: catalogo n. 00360861.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Maria Ausiliatrice (Marrucheti)
Campagnatico


text:
Infradata reaches 59th place in the Deloitte Fast 500 EMEA Awards
On the 24th of november we got the message we reached a 59th place during the Deloitte Technology Fast 500 EMEA Awards. This is an annual award contest of the fastest growing technology companies in Europe, The Middle East and Africa.
The election is based on a number of set criteria and the percentual revenue growth over the past five years (2004-2008). Infradata join the prestigious election for the first time. The strong growth of 2388% over the past five years was eventually enough to reach the 59th place.
Earlier this year Infradata also reached a 6th place in the Deloitte Technology Fast 50 Benelux Awards and was selected as FD Gazelle for the second year in a row.
"When I look at all the awards we have won over the past years we have really grown rapidly. To get recognition for all the hard work is very pleasing"; says Leon de Keijzer, Managing Director of Infradata. "We will do anything to win more of these prestigious awards in the forthcoming years using the foundation we have build over the past years. Expertise, experience and flexibility will remain our Unique Selling Points for our success in the forthcoming years".


text:
Q: Unit test cases of .Netcore Controller that calls .NetCore API I want to write a unit test case of .net core MVC controller. Controller calls the .net core API.
I am able to mock the IHttpHelper but it returns always null.
I have my IHttpHelper
public interface IHttpHelper
{
    Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string apiUrl);

    Task<HttpResponseMessage> PutAsync(string apiUrl, HttpContent content);

    Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostAsync(string apiUrl, HttpContent content);

    Task<HttpResponseMessage> DeleteAsync(string apiUrl);
}

My Web API code is
public class ClientTransferController : Controller
{
    private readonly CTUClientTransferProxy _searchProxy;

    private readonly IClientBLL _clientBll;

    public ClientTransferController(IConfiguration configuration) : this(configuration, new ClientBLL(configuration), new WcfServiceHelper())
    {
        _searchProxy = new CTUClientTransferProxy(configuration, new WcfServiceHelper());
    }

    public ClientTransferController(IConfiguration configuration, IClientBLL clientBll, IWcfServiceHelper wcfServiceHelper)
    {
        _clientBll = clientBll;
    }

    [Route("api/wcfctu/validatesitecodes")]
    public async Task<clsCTUValidateSiteCodesResults> ValidateSiteCodes([FromForm]string sourceSiteCode, [FromForm]string targetSiteCode)
    {
        var result = await _searchProxy.ValidateSiteCodesAsync(new clsCTUValidateSiteCodesCriteria { SourceSiteCode = sourceSiteCode, TargetSiteCode = targetSiteCode });
        return result;
    }
}

And I am calling above API through my MVC controller
public class FirmAdminController : Controller
{
    private readonly IHttpHelper _httpHelper;

    public FirmAdminController(IHttpHelper httpHelper)
    {
        _httpHelper = httpHelper;
    }

    public async Task<IActionResult> ValidateSiteCodes(SiteCodeInputsViewModel siteCodeInputs)
    {

        if (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            var values = new Dictionary<string, string>
            {
                {"sourceSiteCode", siteCodeInputs.SourceSiteCode.Sitecode},
                {"targetSiteCode", siteCodeInputs.TargetSiteCode.Sitecode}
            };
            var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(values);

            var clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl = $"api/wcfctu/validatesitecodes";
            HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpHelper.PostAsync(clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl, content);

            if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
            {
                var jsonData = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
                return Ok(jsonData);
            }
        }
        return Json(null);
    }
}

I want to write unit test cases for ValidateSiteCodes of ClientTransferController .
Below is my test case
public class FirmAdminControllerTests
{
    private  FirmAdminController _controller;
    private readonly Mock<IHttpHelper> _mockHttpHelper;
    public FirmAdminControllerTests()
    {
        _mockHttpHelper = new Mock<IHttpHelper>();
        _controller = new FirmAdminController(_mockHttpHelper.Object);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void ValidateSiteCodes_IfValid()
    {
        //Arrange
        var clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl = "api/wcfctu/validatesitecodes";
        SiteCodeInputsViewModel siteCodeInputsViewModel = new SiteCodeInputsViewModel
        {
            SourceSiteCode = new SiteCodeInput { Sitecode = "Bravouat" },
            TargetSiteCode = new SiteCodeInput { Sitecode = "CUAT" }
        };
        var values = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            {"sourceSiteCode", siteCodeInputsViewModel.SourceSiteCode.Sitecode},
            {"targetSiteCode", siteCodeInputsViewModel.TargetSiteCode.Sitecode}
        };

        clsCTUValidateSiteCodesResults result1 = new clsCTUValidateSiteCodesResults
        {
            Success = true
        };

        var headerDictionary = new HeaderDictionary();
        var response = new Mock<HttpResponse>();
        response.SetupGet(r => r.Headers).Returns(headerDictionary);
        var httpContext = new Mock<HttpContext>();
        httpContext.SetupGet(a => a.Response).Returns(response.Object);

        var myContent = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(result1);
        var buffer = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(myContent);
        var byteContent = new ByteArrayContent(buffer);
        byteContent.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");
        HttpResponseMessage responseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage
        {
            Content = byteContent,
            StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.OK
        };

        var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(values);

        _mockHttpHelper.Setup(c => c.PostAsync(clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl, content))
            .Returns(async () => { await Task.Yield();
                return responseMessage;
            });

        //Act
        var result = _controller.ValidateSiteCodes(siteCodeInputsViewModel);

        // Assert

        var viewResult = Assert.IsType<ViewResult>(result);

    }
}

But
_mockHttpHelper.Setup(c => c.PostAsync(clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl, content))
                .Returns(async () => { await Task.Yield();
                    return responseMessage;
                });

does not return the HttpResponseMessage. It returns null and that is why my test case is getting fail.

A: The test is failing for many reasons.
The controller under test is mixing async and blocking calls like .Result,
var jsonData = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;

which can lead to deadlocks
Reference  Async/Await - Best Practices in Asynchronous Programming
The action should be async all the way through
public async Task<IActionResult> ValidateSiteCodes(SiteCodeInputsViewModel siteCodeInputs) {
    if (ModelState.IsValid) {
        var values = new Dictionary<string, string> {
            {"sourceSiteCode", siteCodeInputs.SourceSiteCode.Sitecode},
            {"targetSiteCode", siteCodeInputs.TargetSiteCode.Sitecode}
        };
        var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(values);

        var clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl = $"api/wcfctu/validatesitecodes";
        HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpHelper.PostAsync(clientTransferValoidateSiteCodesApiUrl, content);

        if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode) {
            var jsonData = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            return Ok(jsonData);
        }
    }
    return BadRequest(ModelState);
}

Now on to the test. The post setup is being over complicated with the expected arguments and the way the response is being returned.
Moq has a ReturnsAsync to allow for mocked async flows to complete as expected.
_mockHttpHelper
    .Setup(_ => _.PostAsync(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<HttpContent>()))
    .ReturnsAsync(responseMessage);

In keeping this async, the test method should be made async as well.
[Fact]
public async Task ValidateSiteCodes_IfValid() {
    //...
}

And await the method under test.
//Act
var result = await _controller.ValidateSiteCodes(siteCodeInputsViewModel);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's chilly out and we all need something to warm up our bellies to keep baby warm (that's how it works right?) Not only is this soup SOUPer tasty, it will also help baby to keep growing in all the right places. This is a quick meal for you to whip up at any point in your pregnancy. Enjoy!


This glass bowl is perfect for dips, fruit or candy. The pewter bunny has intricate fur that covers the pure-pewter body bunny as he attempts to climb into the bowl for the the food. Featuring large, perky ears and bright eyes, the rabbit seem as curious of you as you are of it.


text:
Home › Investors › Venture Capital › Pepperfry may file for IPO by next June
Pepperfry may file for IPO by next June
By Charlotte Justin on October 21, 2021 • ( 0 )
Furniture marketplace Pepperfry plans to file for an initial public offering (IPO) in the first half of 2022 and complete the pre-IPO funding round by the end of this year, a top company executive said.
The omnichannel retailer claims it was on the cusp of profitability last year but has focused on growth instead.
While the company has started working towards a public listing, it is also ramping up its offline presence by expanding its store network in metros and smaller cities. Pepperfry stores are primarily experiential centres and not for selling products.
"We are raising a pre-IPO round of between $50-100 million. While we have enough money in the bank, we will raise more money to align a good set of investors on our side before we hit the IPO. We have been fortunate to have marquee investors on our board and would like to get a similar cohort of great names," Ashish Shah, co-founder and chief operating officer, Pepperfry, said in an interview.
In a relatively young online furniture market, Pepperfry competes with vertical e-tailers (which specialize in one category) and horizontal players such as Amazon India and Flipkart (that sell products across categories), which have been ramping up their furniture offerings.
There has also been a fair bit of consolidation with Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) acquiring online furniture seller Urban Ladder Home Decor Solutions Pvt. Ltd last year, expanding its presence in India's fast-growing e-commerce market.
Since 2018, Pepperfry has working to turn profitable and has focused on bringing down costs and paring losses.
Pepperfry posted a 26% increase in revenue to ₹260.61 crore and trimmed losses by 33% to ₹122.31 crore in 2019-20.
Earlier this year, Pepperfry received ₹35 crore from InnoVen Capital, the third investment by the venture debt and specialty firm in the online furniture marketplace.
In September 2020, Mint first reported that Pepperfry was looking to launch an IPO within 12-18 months. Co-founder and CEO Ambareesh Murty had then said that for an IPO, a track record of at least 6-9 months of profitability is important to show the business can make money.
According to a report by RedSeer Consulting, the online furniture business has increased its share owing to experience stores and different models offering quality furniture at affordable prices.
Furniture sales touched $700 million in 2019-20, but online had less than a 3% share in the overall furniture market, which is pegged at $17 billion.
With furniture being a non-essential category, business was impacted during the lockdowns due to the first and second waves.
‹ Office space leasing increased by 89% QoQ in Q3 2021: Colliers
Sameer Gehlaut's Dhani to raise INR1,200 crore from General Catalyst, Rabbit Capital ›
Tags: IPO, Pepperfry


text:
Books / Books: Ethics
Engineering Ethics, Second Edition Peace, Justice, and the Earth
by Roberto Zicari · Published March 20, 2016 · Updated March 20, 2016
Engineering Ethics, Second Edition
Peace, Justice, and the Earth
George D. Catalano
ISBN: 9781627055413 | PDF ISBN: 9781627055420
Copyright © 2015 | 85 Pages | Publication Date: 08/01/2014
DOI: 10.2200/S00589ED2V01Y201408ETS022
A response of the engineering profession to the challenges of security, poverty and underdevelopment, environmental sustainability, and native cultures is described. Ethical codes, which govern the behavior of engineers, are examined from a historical perspective linking the prevailing codes to models of the natural world. A new ethical code based on a recently introduced model of Nature as an integral community is provided and discussed. Applications of the new code are described using a case study approach. With the ethical code based on an integral community in place, new design algorithms are developed and also explored using case studies. Implications of the proposed changes in ethics and design on engineering education are considered.
Engineering Ethics
Models of the Earth
Engineering in a Morally Deep World
Engineering Design in a Morally Deep World
Implications for Engineering Education
George D. Catalano, State University of New York at Binghamton
George D. Catalano is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the State University of New York at Binghamton. He holds joint appointments in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering. In addition, he serves as the director of the university wide honors program at Binghamton. Dr. Catalano earned a Doctor of Philosophy and Master of Science degrees in aerospace engineering at the University of Virginia and a Bachelor of Science degree also in aerospace engineering at Louisiana State University. Prior to his present position, he has served on the faculty at the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright State University, Louisiana State University, and the United States Military Academy at West Point. He also served as a visiting scholar at the Politechnic in Torino, Italy and at the Technical Institute in Erlangen, Germany. Dr. Catalanos research interests include turbulent fluid flows, low and high speed aerodynamics and experimental methods in physics, modeling ecosystems as well as learning strategies and paradigms, engineering ethics, engineering design and environmental ethics. He is listed in the Philosopher's Index for his published work in animal rights and environmental ethics. Dr. Catalano has over 150 technical and educational publications and has twice been selected as a Fulbright Scholar in recognition of his work in turbulent fluid mechanics.
Next story Roving Reporter: Handling Fast Data for Faster Results and Faster ROI
Previous story COPERNICUS SENTINEL SATELLITES: A DELUGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AVAILABLE FOR EVERYONE
Big Data in Practice: How 45 Successful Companies Used Big Data Analytics to Deliver Extraordinary Results
by Roberto Zicari · Published June 22, 2017
Big Data Integration
by Roberto Zicari · Published April 13, 2015 · Last modified June 15, 2015
Data Mining: The Textbook
by Roberto Zicari · Published June 17, 2015 · Last modified June 23, 2015


text:
Any questions about your visit? Find the answers to our frequently asked questions here.
Is the DDR Museum also open on Mondays?
Yes, the DDR Museum is open daily from 9 am to 9 pm.
Is the DDR Museum also open on public holidays?
The DDR Museum is open on every public holiday. On 24 December and 31 December the museum closes at 4 pm.
What are the opening hours?
The museum is open Monday to Sunday from 9 am to 9 pm.
At what time are there fewer people in the exhibition?
Usually, less people visit the DDR Museum after 6 pm. You can stay in the exhibition until 9 pm.
When is the latest time to enter the exhibition?
The exhibition closes at 9 pm. We therefore recommend that you enter the museum by 8 pm at the latest. However, you are free to come until 9 pm at any time you wish (groups of 10 or more only by appointment at besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de).
Is there a queue at the entrance?
Yes, but you can skip the line with an online ticket and thus enter the exhibition directly. The waiting time without a ticket varies depending on the season, day of the week and time. You can buy online tickets here.
Please note: Due to the current distance and hygiene regulations, everyone must queue to ensure compliance with the regulations. Thank you. (As of 9/2021)
How can I skip the line?
You can buy an online ticket here. Scan the ticket at the entrance when you arrive and enter the exhibition directly without waiting.
Please note: Due to the current distance and hygiene regulations currently, everyone must queue to guarantee compliance with the regulations. Thank you. (Status: 9/2021)
Where is the entrance to the DDR Museum?
The entrance is on Vera-Brittain-Ufer, directly on the river Spree and opposite Berlin Cathedral. From Karl-Liebknecht-Str., walk down the steps at the Karl-Liebknecht-Brücke on the DomAquarée side. After 20 metres you will find the entrance to the DDR Museum on the right-hand side. Here you can see the exact location.
Is admission free on Thursdays?
No, as a private museum, the DDR Museum is not financed by taxes, but solely by admission fees. Therefore, it is not possible to grant a general free admission.
Is admission free on Museum Sunday?
No, Museum Sunday is an event of the state museums. The DDR Museum is private and is not financed by taxes, but by the entrance fees. Therefore, it is not possible to grant a general free admission.
How much is the entrance fee?
Regular admission costs € 12.50, reduced € 7.00.
Who receives the reduced admission price?
Reduced tickets are available for children over 6 years of age, schoolchildren, students, trainees, recipients of unemployment benefit II, people doing voluntary service and holders of severely disabled ID cards. The relevant valid proof must always be brought along.
Until when are children admitted free of charge?
Children receive free admission until the age of 6. From the age of 6, the reduced admission price of € 7.00 applies.
Are there any reductions for pensioners?
No, there is no discount for pensioners.
Is the Berlinpass valid in the DDR Museum?
Yes, with the Berlinpass you pay the reduced entrance fee of € 6.00. The reduction is only granted upon presentation of the valid Berlinpass.
Is the Berlin WelcomeCard valid for the DDR Museum?
Yes, with the Berlin WelcomeCard, regular admission costs € 7.35 and reduced admission costs € 4.80. The reduction is only granted upon presentation of the valid Berlin WelcomeCard on site at the ticket office of the DDR Museum.
Is the Berlin WelcomeCard all inclusive valid at the DDR Museum?
Yes, with the Berlin WelcomeCard all inclusive you get free admission and you can scan in directly with the printed QR code at the turnstiles at the museum entrance.
Is the Museum Pass valid in the DDR Museum?
No, as a privately funded museum, the DDR Museum does not participate in the Museum Pass.
I have a severely disabled pass. Will my companion be admitted free of charge?
If your ID shows a »B« for the need for a companion, you pay the reduced admission price of € 7.00 and your companion receives free admission.
Which means of payment are accepted at the DDR Museum?
You have the following payment options at the ticket office and in the museum shop: Cash, EC/Maestro card, Visa, Mastercard, American Express, China Union Pay, JCB, Diners Club, Discover. Online tickets can be paid for with Visa, Master, Diners Club and JCB credit cards as well as with PayPal.
Who receives free admission?
Children under 6 years of age, persons accompanying a severely disabled person with a »B« on their severely disabled pass, visitBerlin employees, ICOM Card holders, members of the Museumsbund and Intoura e. V., the Association of Package Tour Operators, the Association of Berlin City Guides and journalists after completing the accreditation form. Valid proof must be presented in each case.
Can I also use my Berlin WelcomeCard when buying online tickets?
No, you can only use the Berlin Welcome Card when buying tickets at the ticket office on site at the DDR Museum.
Can I exchange my online ticket?
No, your online ticket is only valid for the day you have specified in advance. This day cannot be changed afterwards.
Can I cancel my tickets?
Cancellation of booked, time-bound tickets is not possible. If the ticket is not used, it will be forfeited.
Group bookings and guided tours
Can I join a guided tour?
No, unfortunately that is not possible. However, you can book an exclusive guided tour for yourself individually. Please contact besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de for this. You can get an overview of the guided tours here.
How many people are required to be considered a group?
The group rate is available for groups of 10 or more. Please register the group in advance at besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de.
We are a very large group. Can we visit the museum before or after opening hours?
Yes, please contact the visitor service at besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de.
How many people are allowed on a guided tour?
As long as the distance and hygiene regulations for prevention against Covid-19 apply, the number of persons is limited to 10 (museum tours) or 15 (outdoor tours). (as of 9/2021)
Otherwise, for quality reasons, a maximum of 20 persons may take part in a guided tour.
In which languages are guided tours offered?
The DDR Museum offers guided tours in Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Spanish and Swedish. Other foreign languages, including talks with contemporary witnesses, are available on request.
Can I also book a guided tour for a smaller group?
Yes, the price for a guided tour is independent of the number of persons. You can find an overview of our guided tours here.
What possibilities are there for pupils to make the most of their visit to the DDR Museum without a guided tour?
If you do not book a guided tour and, for example, only a group visit for your school class, we offer free quiz questionnaires at different levels of difficulty. You can download them here. For the answers, please contact the visitor service at besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de or the staff at the ticket desk.
My group has luggage with them. Can we leave it at the DDR Museum?
Luggage drop-off for groups of 10 or more is only possible by prior arrangement with the visitor service at besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de.
How long can we stay in the exhibition?
As a group with a booked appointment, you may stay in the exhibition for as long as you wish.
Can I come earlier with my group and wait for the guided tour in the DDR Museum?
Due to the limited space in the entrance area, it is unfortunately not always possible for groups to wait in the DDR Museum for the start of the guided tour or for admission. We therefore ask the group leader to go to the ticket office alone or in pairs and let the group wait outside.
Can I bring my dog?
No, it is not permitted to bring animals to the exhibition. Exceptions are registered guide dogs for the blind or assistance dogs. Proof must be presented at the ticket office when purchasing tickets.
Can I take photographs in the museum?
Yes, but only for private purposes. Any other use of photos must be approved in advance by the press office at presse@ddr-museum.de.
How much time should I plan for a visit?
According to the visitor survey, our guests need about two hours for the exhibition. But there are also people who spend four hours in the exhibition. So how long you need depends entirely on you.
Is the DDR Museum barrier-free?
Unfortunately, the boardwalk of the river Spree has not been built barrier-free by the state of Berlin, but can only be reached via stairs or a very steep ramp. We therefore offer to accompany you into the exhibition via a side entrance. Please call us at the ticket office shortly before your arrival at +49 30 847 1237 31 to arrange a meeting point. A barrier-free WC is available. Please also note the information here on our website.
Is the DDR Museum suitable for children?
Yes, because there is a lot to discover and try out in the exhibition. Objects from the DDR may be touched and children can play with original toys in the children's room of the prefabricated flat or in the kindergarten area.
Is there an audio guide?
No, there is no audio guide. However, you can buy the guidebook through the permanent exhibition in German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and (modern) Chinese at the ticket office as a printed book or here as an e-book.
In which languages are the exhibition texts?
The exhibition texts are in German and English. The guidebook through the permanent exhibition is available in German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and (modern) Chinese at the ticket office as a printed book or here as an e-book.
Is there an offer in other languages?
You can buy the guidebook through the permanent exhibition in German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and (modern) Chinese at the ticket office as a printed book or here as an e-book.
What is there to see in the DDR Museum?
In the DDR Museum you can learn everything about life in the GDR. You are invited to expand your knowledge in an entertaining way and experience history at first hand. Authentic original objects and unique installations are waiting to be touched and tried out.
Is there seating available in the exhibition?
Yes, there is seating in the »Cinema« themed area and in the re-enacted DDR flat.
Does the DDR Museum have a café or restaurant?
No, but you can buy drinks, sweets and ice cream for consumption outside the exhibition in the museum shop.
How can I book my tickets online and avoid the queue?
Here you can buy your online ticket, scan it at the entrance to the exhibition and avoid a queue. The ticket can be printed out in A4 format or scanned on your smartphone.
How can I reach the DDR Museum by public transport?
S-Bahn and U-Bahn station Alexanderplatz, S-Bahn station Hackescher Markt, U-Bahn station Museumsinsel or Rotes Rathaus. Bus 100 and 200 stop Spandauer Straße, bus 300 stop Lustgarten, tram M4, M5, M6: stop Spandauer Straße/Marienkirche.
Are there parking facilities near the DDR Museum?
Yes, there are sufficient parking spaces available in the DomAquarée multi-storey car park, for which a fee is charged.
Is there WiFi in the DDR Museum?
Yes, there is free WiFi in the DDR Museum, which you can use during your visit.
Is it allowed to eat or drink in the exhibition?
No, it is not allowed to eat or drink in the exhibition.
Can I visit the exhibition with a pushchair?
Yes, but it can get quite crowded, making a visit with a pushchair uncomfortable. Therefore, we recommend visiting the DDR Museum without one or with a flexible buggy.
Is there a baby changing room?
Yes, there is one. You can get the key at the ticket office.
Is there a place where I can breastfeed my baby?
There is no special breastfeeding room. If you wish to breastfeed your child, you can use the baby changing room/barrier-free WC.
Is there a museum shop?
Yes, you can buy memorabilia, souvenirs, clothing, literature as well as drinks, sweets and ice cream in the shop of the DDR Museum.
Is there an exhibition guide?
Yes, the »DDR Guide« can be purchased in print on site or at any time here as an e-book in German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and (modern) Chinese.
How long am I allowed to stay during a visit?
You may stay as long as you like. Group visits (>10 people) are an exception, as here numerous group visits are coordinated throughout the day and if larger groups remain in the exhibition for a longer period of time, the exhibition will become overcrowded.
Are there disabled parking spaces?
No, unfortunately there are no special disabled parking spaces outside. However, there are sufficient disabled parking spaces available in the DomAquarée multi-storey car park, for which a fee is charged, and they are marked as such.
Do jackets and bags have to be handed in?
No, you may carry your jackets and bags with you at all times. It is not permitted to bring suitcases or travel bags into the exhibition.
Which coin do I need for the lockers?
To use the lockers, you will need a 1 euro or 50 cent coin, which will be returned to you after use.
Object donations
Can I hand in a donation of an object at the cash desk of the DDR Museum?
Before making a donation, please contact the collections department at sammlung@ddr-museum.de. Donations of objects are only possible after prior consultation with the collections department. Unarranged donations will not be accepted.
What objects from the DDR is the DDR Museum looking for?
You will find a list here of the objects we are looking for. Please contact us at sammlung@ddr-museum.de and send us a photo if you would like to donate an object to us.
Does the DDR Museum buy DDR objects?
No, the DDR Museum only buys objects in exceptional cases and otherwise works exclusively with donations.
Can the DDR Museum tell me how much an object from the DDR is worth?
No, the DDR Museum does not buy or sell objects. As we do not trade in the objects, we do not give any estimates of value, cost or selling price.
Are there vouchers for a visit to the DDR Museum?
Yes, you can buy vouchers at the ticket office of the DDR Museum or in the museum shop on site.
Who can I contact if I have lost something?
Please contact the visitor service at +49 30 847 1237 32 or besucherbetreuung@ddr-museum.de.
Can I rent the DDR Museum?
Yes, please send your request to events@ddr-museum.de.