text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{se:intro}
In two-player zero-sum games a Nash equilibrium strategy is guaranteed to win (or tie) in expectation against any opposing strategy by the minimax theorem. In games with more than two players there can be multiple equilibria with different values to the players, and following one has no performance guarantee; however, it was shown that a Nash equilibrium strategy defeated a variety of agents submitted for a class project in a 3-player imperfect-information game, Kuhn poker~\cite{Ganzfried18:Successful}. This demonstrates that Nash equilibrium strategies can be successful in practice despite the fact that they do not have a performance guarantee.

While Nash equilibrium can be computed in polynomial time for two-player zero-sum games, it is PPAD-hard to compute for non-zero-sum and games with 3 or more agents and widely believed that no efficient algorithms exist~\cite{Chen05:Nash,Daskalakis09:Complexity}. Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is an iterative self-play procedure that has been proven to converge to Nash equilibrium in two-player zero-sum~\cite{Zinkevich07:Regret}. It has been utilized by superhuman agents in two-player poker, first for limit~\cite{Bowling15:Heads-up} and then for no-limit~\cite{Moravcik17b:DeepStack,Brown17:Superhuman}. It can also be run in non-zero-sum and multiplayer games, but has no significant theoretical guarantees for these settings. It was demonstrated that it does in fact converge to an $\epsilon$-Nash equilibrium (a strategy profile in which no player can gain more than $\epsilon$ by deviating) in three-player Kuhn poker, while it does not converge to equilibrium in the larger game of three-player Leduc hold 'em~\cite{Abou10:Using}. It was subsequently proven that CFR guarantees that no weight is put on iteratively strictly-dominated strategies or actions~\cite{Gibson14:Regret}. While for some small games this guarantee can be very useful (e.g., for two-player Kuhn poker a high fraction of the actions are iteratively-dominated), in most realistic games (such as Texas hold 'em) only a very small fraction of actions are iteratively-dominated, and the guarantee is not useful~\cite{Ganzfried19:Mistakes}. Despite a lack of a significant theoretical guarantee, CFR was combined with subgame solving~\cite{Ganzfried15:Endgame} and depth-limited search~\cite{Brown18:Depth,Hu17:Midgame} to produce a superhuman agent for multiplayer poker~\cite{Brown19:Superhuman}.

Fictitious play (FP) is another iterative algorithm that has been demonstrated to converge to Nash equilibrium in two-player zero-sum games (and in certain other game classes), though not in general for multiplayer or non-zero-sum games~\cite{Brown51:Iterative,Robinson51:Iterative}.  While it is not guaranteed to converge in multiplayer games, it has been proven that if it does converge, then the average of the strategies played throughout the iterations constitute an equilibrium~\cite{Fudenberg98:Theory}. Fictitious play has been successfully applied to approximate Nash equilibrium strategies in a 3-player poker tournament to a small degree of approximation error~\cite{Ganzfried08:Computing,Ganzfried09:Computing}. More recently fictitious play has also been used to approximate equilibrium strategies in multiplayer auction~\cite{Rabinovich09:Generalised,Rabinovich13:Computing} and national security~\cite{Ganzfried20b:Parallel} scenarios.

Both counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play can be integrated with Monte Carlo sampling to enable scalability in large imperfect-information games~\cite{Lanctot09:Monte,Heinrich15:Fictitious}. Recently both approaches have also been integrated with deep reinforcement learning to obtain strong performance in forms of poker~\cite{Heinrich16:Deep,Brown19:Deep}. These two approaches were compared in a simplified version of two-player poker called flop hold 'em poker as well as 2-player limit Texas hold 'em, and Deep Counterfactual Regret Minimization~\cite{Brown19:Deep} was shown to outperform Neural Fictitious Self Play~\cite{Heinrich16:Deep}. It was concluded from these results that ``Fictitious Play has weaker theoretical convergence guarantees than CFR, and in practice converges slower.''~\cite{Brown19:Deep} However, this claim is just made based off the performance of specific integrations of CFR and FP with deep reinforcement learning on two-player zero-sum poker variants. The conclusion does not necessarily generalize to other versions of the algorithms, to other games, or to performance in multiplayer games (where neither approach guarantees convergence).

In this paper we compare the performance of the core versions of the counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play algorithms for a variety of numbers of players and strategies.

\section{Fictitious Play and Counterfactual Regret Minimization}
\label{se:algorithms}
A strategic-form game consists of a finite set of players $N = \{1,\ldots,n\}$, a finite set of pure strategies $S_i$ for each player $i$, and a real-valued utility for each player for each strategy vector (aka \emph{strategy profile}), $u_i : \times_i S_i \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. For simplicity we will assume that all players have the same number of pure strategies, $|S_i| = m$ for all $i$. A two-player game is called \emph{zero sum} if the sum of the payoffs for all strategy profiles equals zero, i.e., $u_1(s_1,s_2) + u_2(s_1, s_2) = 0$ for all $s_1 \in S_1, s_2 \in S_2$. If this sum is always equal to some constant $c$ as opposed to zero then the game is called \emph{constant sum}. Games that are constant sum are strategically equivalent to zero-sum games, and all results from zero-sum games (e.g., minimax theorem and convergence of CFR and FP) also hold for constant-sum games.

A \emph{mixed strategy} $\sigma_i$ for player $i$ is a probability distribution over pure strategies, where $\sigma_i(s_{i'})$ is the probability that player $i$ plays $s_{i'} \in S_i$ under $\sigma_i$. Let $\Sigma_i$ denote the full set of mixed strategies for player $i$. A strategy profile $\sigma^* = (\sigma^*_1,\ldots,\sigma^*_n)$ is a \emph{Nash equilibrium} if $u_i(\sigma^*_i,\sigma^*_{-i}) \geq u_i(\sigma_i, \sigma^*_{-i})$ for all $\sigma_i \in \Sigma_i$ for all $i \in N$, where $\sigma^*_{-i}$ denotes the vector of the components of strategy $\sigma^*$ for all players excluding $i$. It is well known that a Nash equilibrium exists in all finite games~\cite{Nash50:Non-cooperative}. In practice all that we can hope for is convergence of iterative algorithms to an approximation of Nash equilibrium. For a given candidate strategy profile $\sigma^*$, define $\epsilon(\sigma^*) = \max_i \max_{\sigma_i \in \Sigma_i} \left[ u_i(\sigma_i,\sigma^*_{-i}) - u_i(\sigma^*_i, \sigma^*_{-i}) \right]$. The goal is to compute a strategy profile $\sigma^*$ with as small a value of $\epsilon$ as possible (i.e., $\epsilon = 0$ would indicate that $\sigma^*$ comprises an exact Nash equilibrium). We say that a strategy profile $\sigma^*$ with value $\epsilon$ constitutes an \emph{$\epsilon$-equilibrium}. For two-player zero-sum games, there are algorithms with bounds on the value of $\epsilon$ as a function of the number of iterations and game size, and for different variations $\epsilon$ is proven to approach zero in the limit at different worst-case rates (e.g.,~\cite{Gilpin12:First}).

In fictitious play, each player plays a best response to the average strategies of his opponents thus far. Strategies are initialized arbitrarily at $t=1$ (for our experiments we will initialize them to be uniformly random). Then each player uses the following rule to obtain the average strategy at time $t$:
$$\sigma^t _i = \left( 1 - \frac{1}{t} \right) \sigma^{t-1} _i + \frac{1}{t} \sigma'^t _i,$$
where $\sigma'^t _i$ is a best response of player $i$ to the profile $\sigma^{t-1} _{-i}$  of the other players played at time $t-1$.
Thus, the final strategy after $T$ iterations $\sigma^T$ is the average of the strategies played in the individual iterations (while the best response $\sigma'^t_i$ is the strategy actually played at iteration $t$).

For the core version of counterfactual regret minimization, we first compute the \emph{regret} for not playing each pure strategy $s_i$ as opposed to following strategy $\sigma^t$. This is defined as
$$r^t(s_i) = u_i(s_i,\sigma^t_{-i}) - u_i(\sigma^t_i, \sigma^t_{-i}).$$
The regret for $s_i$ at iteration $T$ is then defined as $R^T(s_i) = \sum_{t=1}^T r^t(s_i).$
Define $R^T_+(s_i) = \max \{R^T(s_i),0 \}.$
Initial strategies $\sigma^1$ are uniform random, as for fictitious play. Then, in the core version of CFR strategies are selected according to the \emph{regret matching} rule:
$$\sigma^{t+1}(s_i) = \frac{R^T_+(s_i)}{\sum_{s'_i \in S_i} R^T_+(s'_i)}.$$
If the denominator $\sum_{s'_i \in S_i} R^T_+(s'_i)$ equals zero then we assign each pure strategy with equal probability.
As for fictitious play, the average of the strategies played over the $T$ iterations is the final output.

\section{Experiments}
\label{se:experiments}
We ran experiments with the core versions of fictitious play and counterfactual regret minimization on uniform-random games for a variety of number of players $n$ and number of pure strategies $m$. We consider $n = 2,3,4,5$ and $m = 3,5,10$. For each setting of $n$ and $m$ we randomly generated 10,000 games with all payoffs chosen uniformly random in [0,1]. For each game, we ran both algorithms for 10,000 iterations (except for the largest game $n=5$, $m=10$ we used 1,000 iterations). For $n = 2$ we also experimented on zero-sum games where player 1's payoff is selected uniformly in [0,1] and player 2's payoff equals 1 minus player 1's payoff. For each game, we computed the degree of Nash equilibrium approximation $\epsilon$ by the two algorithms, as well as the difference between the values of $\epsilon$. We compute the 95\% confidence interval for the $\epsilon$ differences. If statistical significance was not obtained after 10,000 games for given values of $n$ and $m$, then we ran 100,000 games. If statistical significance was still not obtained after 100,000 games, then we declared a tie. The results from the experiments appear in Table~\ref{ta:results-random}.

The results indicate that CFR outperformed FP in two out of the three two-player zero-sum cases ($m=5,10$), which agrees with the previously described results in two-player zero-sum games and the claim in prior work that CFR has a stronger theoretical convergence guarantee for two-player zero-sum games~\cite{Brown19:Deep}. However, for all other cases (3--5 player and 2-player general-sum) fictitious play outperformed counterfactual regret minimization (with all but two of the results statistically significant).

We next experimented on several games produced from the GAMUT generator~\cite{Nudelman04:Run}. We used the same games as used in prior work comparing algorithms for multiplayer Nash equilibrium~\cite{Berg17:Exclusion}. We used the variants with 5 players and 3 actions per player (though for two classes we were forced to use 5 actions per player). As prior work had done, we used 2 for the number of facilities parameter in the congestion game class, and for the covariant game we used the minimum possible value, which is $r = -0.25$ for 5 players. All other parameters were generated randomly (as the prior experiments had done). We generated 1,000 games from each class using these distributions. For several of the games generated some of the payoffs were ``NaN,'' and we removed the games in which this occurred. Since the magnitudes of the payoffs varied widely between game classes, we normalized all payoffs to be in [0,1] before applying the algorithms (by subtracting the smallest payoff from all the payoffs and then dividing all payoffs by the difference between the max and min payoff). Note that linear transformations of the payoffs exactly preserve Nash equilibria, so this normalization would theoretically have no effect on the solutions. For these experiments we used 10,000 iterations of both algorithms. The results are given in Table~\ref{ta:results-gamut}.

For all game classes fictitious play outperformed counterfactual regret minimization with statistical significance or the performances of the two algorithms was statistically indistinguishable. Both algorithms achieved small values of $\epsilon$ for each of the game classes (in most cases the value was extremely small), despite the fact that they are not guaranteed to converge to Nash equilibrium for multiplayer games.

\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{3pt}
\begin{table*}[!ht]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{8}{c|}} \hline
$n$ &$m$ &\# games &\# iterations &Avg. CFR $\epsilon$ &Avg. FP $\epsilon$ &Avg. difference in $\epsilon$ &Winner\\ \hline
2 (zs) &3 &10,000 &10,000 &0.00139 &0.00133 &\num{5.945e-5} $\pm$ \num{9.511e-6} &FP\\ \hline
2 (zs) &5 &10,000 &10,000 &0.00239 &0.00261 &\num{-2.219e-4} $\pm$ \num{1.550e-5} &CFR\\ \hline
2 (zs) &10 &10,000 &10,000 &0.00282 &0.00464 &\num{-0.0018} $\pm$ \num{2.277e-5} &CFR\\ \hline
2 &3 &10,000 &10,000 &\num{8.963e-4} &\num{8.447e-4} &\num{5.155e-5} $\pm$ \num{3.934e-5} &FP\\ \hline
2 &5 &100,000 &10,000 &0.00383 &0.00377 &\num{6.000e-5} $\pm$ \num{5.855e-5} &FP\\ \hline
2 &10 &100,000 &10,000 &0.01249 &0.01244 &\num{4.865e-5} $\pm$ \num{1.590e-4} &Tie\\ \hline
3 &3 &100,000 &10,000 &0.00768 &0.00749 &\num{1.897e-4} $\pm$ \num{1.218e-4} &FP\\ \hline
3 &5 &100,000 &10,000 &0.02312 &0.02244 &\num{6.784e-4} $\pm$ \num{2.454e-4} &FP\\ \hline
3 &10 &10,000 &10,000 &0.05963 &0.05574 &0.0039 $\pm$ 0.0012 &FP\\ \hline
4 &3 &100,000 &10,000 &0.01951 &0.01950 &\num{9.798e-6} $\pm$ \num{2.195e-4} &Tie\\ \hline
4 &5 &10,000 &10,000 &0.05121 &0.04635 &0.0049 $\pm$ 0.0011 &FP\\ \hline
4 &10 &10,000 &10,000 &0.08315 &0.06661 &0.0165 $\pm$ \num{8.910e-4} &FP\\ \hline
5 &3 &10,000 &10,000 &0.03505 &0.03303 &0.0020 $\pm$ \num{8.921e-4} &FP\\ \hline
5 &5 &10,000 &10,000 &0.06631 &0.05447 &0.0118 $\pm$ \num{8.896e-4} &FP\\ \hline
5 &10 &10,000 &1,000 &0.06350 &0.04341 &0.0201 $\pm$ \num{5.509e-4} &FP\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Results for uniform-random games. First column is number of players $n$ (and whether zero-sum for $n=2$); second column is number of pure strategies per player $m$; third column is the number of games generated; fourth column is the number of iterations for CFR and FP; fifth column is average value of $\epsilon$ from CFR; sixth column is average value of $\epsilon$ from FP; seventh column is average value of the difference between CFR $\epsilon$ and FP $\epsilon$, with the 95\% confidence interval (positive value indicates that FP outperformed CFR, and negative value that CFR outperformed FP).}
\label{ta:results-random}
\end{table*}

\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{2pt}
\begin{table*}[!ht]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|*{7}{c|}} \hline
Game class &$m$ &\# games &Avg. CFR $\epsilon$ &Avg. FP $\epsilon$ &Avg. difference in $\epsilon$ &Winner\\ \hline
Bertrand oligopoly &3 &962 &\num{2.54e-5} &\num{1.714e-5} &\num{8.262e-6} $\pm$ \num{9.575e-7} &FP \\ \hline
Bidirectional LEG  &3 &1000 &\num{4.212e-5} &\num{3.561e-5} &\num{6.513e-6} $\pm$ \num{3.084e-6} &FP \\ \hline
Collaboration &5 &1000 &\num{4.873e-4} &\num{4.428e-4} &\num{4.452e-5} $\pm$ \num{9.104e-5} &Tie \\ \hline
Congestion &3 &1000 &\num{3.066e-5} &\num{2.414e-5} &\num{6.521e-6} $\pm$ \num{2.103e-6} &FP \\ \hline
Covariant &3 &1000 &0.02453 &0.02333 &0.00120$\pm$ 0.00118 &FP \\ \hline
Polymatrix &3 &984 &\num{6.046e-4} &\num{6.289e-4} &\num{-2.434e-5} $\pm$ \num{1.066e-4} &Tie \\ \hline
Random graphical &3 &1000 &0.01788 &0.01582 &0.00206 $\pm$ 0.00201 &FP \\ \hline
Random LEG &3 &1000 &\num{3.628e-4} &\num{4.103e-4} &\num{-4.751e-5} $\pm$ \num{3.910e-4} &Tie \\ \hline
Uniform LEG &3 &1000 &\num{4.382e-5} &\num{2.804e-5} &\num{1.578e-5} $\pm$ \num{1.275e-5} &FP \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Results for 5-player GAMUT games. For both CFR and FP 10,000 iterations were used. The second column is the number of actions available per player (we used 3 when it was available, but some game classes only allowed us to use 5). For each game class we generated 1,000 random games. We ignored the games where some of the payoffs generated were ``NaN,'' and report the number of valid games we considered in the third column. We normalized the payoffs in all games to be in [0,1] to make comparison sensible.}
\label{ta:results-gamut}
\end{table*}

\begin{comment}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{se:conclusion}
We experimented between the core versions of two popular iterative algorithms---counterfactual regret minimization and fictitious play---over a variety of games with 2, 3, 4, and 5 players. While CFR was superior for two-player zero-sum settings, FP produced significantly closer degree of Nash equilibrium approximation for all other settings. While fictitious play has no theoretical performance guarantees for these settings (other than the fact that if it converges then the empirical frequencies constitute Nash equilibrium), it appears to produce a small approximation error in practice.
\end{comment}

\clearpage
\bibliographystyle{plain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Did the elephants and apes want an autograph?
Nicola Davis and Bill Oddie were part of a group of WLT supporters visiting Borneo recently in the hope of seeing rare wildlife. It seems all the animals wanted to come out and watch the visitors too.
The group were there to look at the forest conservation projects that WLT supports and to meet some of the people working for our partner organisations in Sabah, HUTAN and LEAP Spiral. As Nicola commented: "they clearly packed a powerful planet-karma-punch: with Bill Oddie, (birder extraordinaire and gibbon funk artiste and a WLT Council member), Simon Barnes (wildlife journalist and sports writer for the Times and WLT Council member), David Bebber (Times photographer and frog enthusiast), Astrid Munoz (photographer, supermodel and WLT supporter), Mary Tibbett (WLT Programmes Coordinator for Asia and Africa) and Emma Beckett (PR consultant and rainforest defender)." This was certainly a lucky group and the few days they spent on and around the Kinabatangan River were action packed with wildlife sightings.
An adult Orang-utan took time out from building a nest to watch the WLT group as they passed by.
Their wildlife extravaganza started from Day One, at the Tungog Eco Lodge, where, within minutes of arriving they were watching a Snake Bird, two species of kingfisher, a Bee-eater and an Indian Roller. A noisy group of Bushy Crested Hornbills arrived, a huge monitor lizard swam into view while a Pygmy Squirrel ran up and down a tree trunk in front of them. On a night trip they caught Slow Lorises in their torch beams and the morning light brought the ethereal sounds of gibbons calling through the tree tops.
A female Proboscis Monkey was keen to show off her offspring.
Two days on a boat and the wildlife appeared to be watching them from the shore. "Were the macaques trying to summon up the courage to ask Bill for an autograph? Were the six different species of hornbills there just to make sure Simon wrote a column about them? Did the herd of Pygmy Elephants cavorting in the water yards from our boat want to be sure of a double page spread in the Sundays? When an adult male Orang-utan stopped to peer down at us from the tree where he was involved in making his bed I wondered if he's seen Astrid's Vogue covers", says Nicola.
A group of HUTAN field staff welcoming the WLT group.
But of course it wasn't all luck, the Kinabatangan river and the surviving forests are known to be extraordinarily rich in biodiversity. The bad news is that oil palm plantations are constantly nudging away at their edges, threatening their demise. The challenge is to protect the most diverse spots by private ownership or gazetting as reserves and replant bare patches to join up the mosaic of plots into continuous cover. This is what WLT with its partners, LEAP Spiral and HUTAN are concentrating on and there is a shopping basket of wonderful forest parcels just waiting to be saved. If we are able to raise the funds to link up the forests bit by bit we stand a good chance of ensuring that this part of Sabah continues to be one of the finest wildlife spots in South East Asia.
You can support WLT's conservation efforts in Borneo by donating to the Borneo Rainforest Appeal.


Gabon: New hydrocarbon code. A panel of legal, economic and tax experts met in Gabon to look at ways of improving the existing law, which was put in place in 2014. Gabon plans to update its hydrocarbons law in order to attract new investment to the cash-strapped OPEC member's oil sector.
Its called the Central African Backbone (CAB) project for Congo- a project designed to improve digital and information communications technology operations in central Africa. Now, all is set for the commision of the Congo and Gabon fiber optic interconnection. ADVERTISING. inRead invented by Teads.
Executive Vice President & Upstream CEO Datuk Mohd Anuar Taib said: "The discovery in Gabon is an encouraging development for Petronas, as we continue to pursue growth activities beyond Malaysia, in line with the strategy to expand our core oil and gas business by growing our resource base.".
Why are these gray African crocodiles turning orange?
OSLO, Norway – Borr Drilling's jackup Borr Norve has spudded the DTM-2H production well on the Tortue oil field offshore southern Gabon, according to Panoro Energy. Tortue, part of the Dussafu Marin production-sharing contract (PSC), is 50 km (31 mi) offshore in a water depth of around 116 m (380 ft).
The crocodiles are known to feast on bats and soak in guano that tans their skin orange. Weird orange crocodiles found gorging on bats in Gabon's caves https://t.co/JvHuHQ5xTH pic.twitter.com/FkBNYDEqCv. — New Scientist (@newscientist) October 5, 2016. A 2016 study profiled how the crocodiles live.
Libreville - Gabon's President Ali Bongo vowed "radical change in governance" in the coming year and pledged to foster social cohesion among his citizens in his televised end-of-year speech on Sunday. "I am determined to do everything possible to strengthen our unity, regain our cohesion," he said.


text:
Q: Projections in an event sourced system In an event sourced system, I have an aggregate root which is of type Order. Let's assume the following events is taking place:

*

*OrderPlaced (orderId, placedAt, customerId, orderLines) where OrderLine (lineId, productId, price)

*OrderAccepted (orderId)

And let's assume we need two different projections:

*

*An projection holding the total price for all accepted orders grouped by year for each customer. Something like this:
 OrdersByCustomer(customerId, summationOnAcceptedOrdersByYear) where SummationOnAcceptedOrdersByYear(year, sum)

The issue here is that OrderAccepted doesn't contain customerId. So when the projection receives an OrderAccepted it has no way of getting the current projection state, as the customerId is the documentId. Worth noting is that I'm storing the projections in Scylla - which is only queryable by the partition key - and the projection state is just a json representation. So not queryable by anything other then the documentId/projectionId. Maybe this is not an ideal choice of technology for projections...?
I'm thinking I have two options if going forward with Scylla:

*

*Either pollute OrderAccepted with customerId. But I don't feel this is a good approach - then I would need to incorporate that into all events which would be related to an projection where the projectionId / documentId is not the same as the aggregateId.

*Or have a separate table which contains a mapping between orderId and customerId, so the projection could query for customerId - this table would probably need to be updated in the command handler of the Order aggregate.

*Alternatively we could have a projection for CustomerIdByOrderId - but here I think the projections can be in different positions of the event stream - this might be causing issues as well.

*An projection which sums up the price of all accepted orders for each product. Something like this
 SummationForProducts (productId, orderSummation)

So here we have an projection which relies on both OrderPlaced and OrderAccepted. And the thing is that since an OrderPlaced may contain multiple orderLines, thus spanning multiple projections - we would need to update multiple projections when receiving OrderPlaced. Is this normal in Event Sourcing Projections - to update multiple projections pr event?
And the same issue arises here as to OrderAccepted don't include productIds from OrderPlaced event. So here we could probably do with an similar approach to have a table which contains a mapping between orderId and productIds
I wonder how more experienced event sourcerers solve these things...? :) Any input on this is highly appreciated.

A: The beauty with event sourced systems is that all the information you need is - or at least should be - encapsulated in the events.
I'm going to assume you are using the CQRS pattern, and from your description the problem is centered around what the projection(s) should look like. In other words, you should not really need to change anything on the command/event side, but rather focus on how to get the data you need from your events to build up the appropriate projections.
I'm not familiar with Scylla, but you are free to build up your projections whichever way works for you. Remember that a projection is just data that you can query built up from events.
The simplest thing I can imagine is to just store each order, including the status. Something like this (in terrible pseudo code):
-- Order Summary event handler
on(orderPlaced):
insert into Order(orderId, datePlaced, customerId, orderLines, status)
values (orderPlaced.orderId, orderPlaced.date, orderPlaced.customerId, orderLines, 'placed')

on(orderAccepted):
update Order
set status = 'accepted'
where orderId = orderAccepted.orderId

-- Sum of accepted orders per customer and year
select customerId, year, sum(orderLines.price) from Orders
where status = 'accepted'
group by customerId, year(datePlaced)

-- Sum per product of accepted orders
select productId, sum(orderLines.price) from Orders
where status = 'accepted'
group by orderLines.productId, year(datePlaced)

Note that the above code assumes events are processed in order.

we would need to update multiple projections when receiving
OrderPlaced. Is this normal in Event Sourcing Projections - to update
multiple projections pr event?

Sure, it's perfectly normal. You can use a single event to update multiple projections or multiple events to update a single projection, or a combination of both.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am thinking about time travel today and not because I have been watching Cosmos. I am thinking about time travel because I want to go back to a specific place in time. I want to go back to Elko, Nevada, March 1960. My mom would be nine years old. She would most likely be in the sweetest dress you have ever seen with her hair bouncing in its natural curls. My full-blooded Irish great-grandmother Hortense would be in the kitchen. In the kitchen she would be busy but not too busy to be singing. She would be signing the songs of her homeland while her hands moved quickly. Not too quickly of course to lift a spoon to my mom's lips and offer her a taste of the meal to come.
She would smile and sing and make the foods from her country while my mother watched, helped and learned from the master. This is the moment I want to go back to. It doesn't need to be for long, I would settle for a minute or two.
So it is with the joyful singing spirit of my great-grandmother and our beautiful Irish ancestry that I humbly offer you a simple recipe to warm your heart, table and tummy on this St. Patrick's Day. Here is to making memories that will last for generations.
Preheat oven to 425 degrees and lightly butter a cast iron skillet.
Combine flour, sugar, salt, and baking soda together in a large mixing bowl.
Cut the butter into the flour mixture with a pastry cutter or a large fork until you have pieces the size of peas.
Bake for 35-45 minutes or until the bottom sounds hollow when tapped.
If you are using a cast iron skillet, the cooking time might increase as it takes a little longer to heat, but it will retain the loaf shape much better.
May your day be touched by a bit of Irish luck, brightened by a song in your heart, & warmed by the smiles of the people you love.
Marcella Rose began cooking early, learning from her self-taught mom who prepared brilliant meals nightly. At thirteen, cooking on a Ranch, she learned how to get creative in the kitchen. With an eye for the beautiful, a growing palate, and keen organizing skills she soon began hosting parties and catering events. Moving to New York she was graced to have worked with some of the best interior designers in the city. Taking these skills to the Internet with Marcella Rose's she shares her passion and innovation hoping to inspire the modern woman.


Kuroko Shirai (A Certain Magical Index/A Certain Scientific Railgun) travels into the 11th dimension and back to teleport spatially.
The ability to travel through subspace. Sub-power of Subspace Manipulation. Combination of Space-Time Manipulation and Teleportation. Not to be confused with Hyperspace Travel.
The user can teleport into and out of subspace (also known as hyperspace), an "alternate" space adjacent to the "normal" three-dimensional space and an integral part of the space-time continuum that coexists with normal space but is also distinct. This allows the user (and anything that they teleport) to travel much faster than the speed of light in normal space, as they move from one location to another instantaneously, while ignoring all physical obstacles in between.
The principle of this ability is a utilization of Dimension Shifting: jumping from the 3rd dimension into subspace (commonly depicted as the 4th or 11th dimension, though other dimensions may be used), which provides a "shortcut" by drastically decreasing distance, and then jumping back out to a different spatial location. This differs from regular teleportation, which is simply moving from one spatial location to another without shifting into or out of the same space. Using this principle, one can even teleport physical matter into another object that is occupying the target location.
Because subspace is an integral to normal space, the user can also travel through alternate timelines, dimensions or even realities by utilizing the extra dimensional space as an intermediate tunnel of sorts, or remain inside the upper plane to serve as a safe pocket dimension haven of sorts, even using it as a storage space. Powerful users can even tear apart subspace to cause damage or open portals in between two spaces linked by the subspace.
Conscious Spatial Awareness: Ensure target location is devoid of physical matter to prevent backfiring.
Cosmic Teleportation: Teleport anywhere in the universe.
Instant Transmission: Teleport instantly from one location to another.
Remote Teleportation: Can teleport others away without transporting oneself along with them. Can be used both offensively and defensively.
Interstellar Travel: Travel interstellar distances.
Hyperspace Travel: Travel faster then light.
Spatial Attack: Teleport physical matter into an opponent, causing unstoppable damage.
Spatial Mimicry: Teleport only parts of the user to through the space-time continuum, leaving them to occupying the three-dimensional space without physical form.
Teleport out of harm's way.
Teleport to incredible distances instantaneously.
Teleport past walls and obstacles.
Teleport objects to another location, creating instant mailing.
Teleport to other timelines or dimensions using subspace as an intermediate stop.
Teleport objects into a target, causing telefrag, punching holes or bisecting the opponent.
More advanced users can teleport even air or water molecules in the air when more physical ammunition is lacking.
Teleport an attack back at the opponent.
Teleport an opponent to the front to intercept an incoming attack, gaining a shield and causing the opponent's attempt to backfire at the same time.
Teleport a massive object above the target, letting it crash down to crush the opponent to death.
High-level users can teleport parts of an opponent away, such as removing a limb, internal organs, or even a head, instantly killing them.
Telefrag, which is entering the spatial location that is preoccupied by existing matter, can cause lethal backfiring. This is especially troublesome as speed of teleportation may be too fast to control.
Tearing through subspace rifts can cause instability in space.
May require a good amount of energy to perform.
Can teleport to the wrong location if not focused.
Dependent on the users, sometimes subspace may be turbulent and require stabilization before travel.
Only high-level users can travel through timelines or alternate realities.
See Also: Subspace or Hyperspace.
Awaki Musujime (A Certain Magical Index) teleporting the briefcase into the 11th dimension and back to move it spatially.
Arrancar (Bleach) using Descorrer to open a Garganta, a spiritual subspace pathway, allowing them to move from Hueco Mundo to either Soul Society or the World of the Living.
Hong Shen-long (Daybreak!! Men's Private School: Young Men, Embrace the Great Death) using Subspace Return to travel through subspace and open portals.
David Clinton (DCAU) using his Time Belt to warp through space and time.
Son Goku (Dragon Ball Z) using Instant Transmission/Shunkan Idō, teleporting via as subspace, which allows him to travel from the world of living to the afterlife.
Nightcrawler (Marvel Comics) teleports by displacing himself into a subspace dimension, the Brimstone Dimension, and then popping back out.
Naruto Uzumaki (Naruto) using the Summoning Technique, the basic space-time technique that teleports the summoned creature into a subspace dimensional void and to the user's location.
...and warp parts of his body in and out to remain spatially intangible.
Kakashi Hatake (Naruto) using his Kamui to drag anyone, even himself, into the subspace dimensional void and then back out for instant travel or imprisonment.
...and forming a Space-Time Barrier that can teleport a Tailed Beast Ball to another location.
Shadow the Hedgehog (Sonic the Hedgehog) using Chaos Control to warp between spaces for faster-than-light travel.
Sonic and Shadow (Sonic the Hedgehog) using the Chaos Control to warp themselves into hyperspace, traveling through space and time.
The Time Eater (Sonic the Hedgehog) can travel through space-time via his space-time disrupting Time Holes.
Palkia (Pokémon) tearing through subspace itself to create rifts for instant space and time transportation.
Yukari Yakumo (Touhou Project) opening the boundary between worlds as a Gap, allowing her to travel through an eye-riddled subspace to anywhere, even heaven and hell.
Using a door which leads to Subspace, Ramona Flowers and Scott Pilgrim (Scott Pilgrim's Precious Little Life) travel to another place.


text:
Health-Healing Psychological-Sexual
Complete Hypnotism : Mesmerism, Mind Reading and Spiritualism
Risking Being Alive - Wisdom of NOW
Access Denied : For Reasons of National Security
Master Key - Scientific Concentration
Brainwashing : The Story of the Men Who Defied It
Alternate Sex, The
Psychological-Sexual
Result pages: 12345678910111213141516
PSYCHIC SELF-DEFENSE
IT is with a sense of the seriousness of the issues involved that I set myself to the task of writing a book on psychic attack and the best methods of defence against it. The undertaking is beset with pitfalls. It is hardly possible to give practical information on the methods of psychic defence without at the same time giving practical information on the methods of psychic attack.
Rosicrucian Dream Book
Solutions to over 3000 different dreams.
Sexual Neuroses
A christian study into sexual neurosis, diseases, and perversions.
Art and Science of Personal Magnetism and The Secret of Mental Fascination
It is a strange and almost amusing fact that there should be at the same time, on the part of the general public, such a general acceptance of the existence of personal magnetism, on the one hand, and such an ignorance of the nature of this wonderful force, on the other hand. In short, while everyone believes in the existence of personal magnetism, scarcely anyone possesses knowledge of the real nature of the same, much less a working knowledge of its principles of application.
WHEN psychoanalytic investigation, which usually contents itself with frail human material, approaches the great personages of humanity, it is not impelled to it by motives which are often attributed to it by laymen.
Love's Coming-of-Age : Relations of the Sexes
A postive and forward view of sex, and the responsibility of the parties to use family planning and contraceptives.
Marriage in a Free Society
A study into freeing the woman to be herself in the marriage role, instead of what is stereotyped as the normal role by society.
Mental Alchemy
Take control of your life and health with your mind. The mind (brain) controls it all.
Mind and Motion and Monism
That the grey matter of the cerebral hemispheres is the exclusive seat of mind is proved in two ways. In the first place, if we look to the animal kingdom as a whole, we find that, speaking generally, the intelligence of species varies with the mass of this grey matter. Or, in other words, we find that the process of mental evolution, on its physical side, has consisted in the progressive development of this grey matter superimposed upon the pre-existing nervous machinery, until it has attained its latest and maximum growth in man.
Psychology of Beauty
A look at the symmetry of beauty in the visual, aural, and form.
Self Guide for All Men, A
This is a fairly good sexual history and hygiene manual for men.
Sex Morality : Past, Present, and Future
This thesis on sexual morality was originally published in 1919 at the beginning of the sexual revolution of the 'Roaring Twenties'. It was a medical and scholarly look at both sides of the Sexual Morality issue. Excellent research material.
Stalking the Wild Pendulum - Mechanics of Consciousness
This book offers a revolutionary perspective on human consciousness and its limitless possibilities. Widely known and loved for his clarity, humor, and imagination, Bentov throws new light on the familiar world of phenomena, giving us a startling new view of ourselves in an expanded, conscious, holistic universe.
Untroubled Mind
A VERY wise physician has said that "every illness has two parts-what it is, and what the patient thinks about it." What the patient thinks about it is often more important and more troublesome than the real disease. What the patient thinks of life, what life means to him is also of great importance and may be the bar that shuts out all real health and happiness. -- Large Print 17 point font.
Woman's Confessional, A
A unique collection of precepts for women by a woman who live through the age of enlightenment that made pathways into equal woman's rights. Though the author doesn't claim to be a part of the the movement, her insights are spiritually enlightening to the woman who chooses not to accept the role and yoke placed on her by a man-ruled society.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


WOODHEADS are delighted to offer to the market this unique detached former Legion Hall which has FULL PLANNING PERMISSION complaint with building regulations to convert into a RESIDENTIAL DWELLING. Not only does this SOUTH FACING property boast a village location with beautiful views, but it is also perfect for you to put your own individual stamp on. It is a rare opportunity to be able to buy our dream home without having to compromise, but here it really is possible - stunning views with scope to finish off the unique living space exactly how you want it. Viewings are highly recommended to appreciate this exciting opportunity. Deeds registered without covenants, rights of access or restrictions.
Directions - Leave Oswestry via Church street and turn right at the junction. Next go right at the Llynclys crossroads. Follow the B4580 bearing right at the junction with a sign for the Wynnstay Arms Hotel. Proceed into the village of Llanrhaeadr and continue past the square with the Spar on your right and turn next right onto Waterfall Street where the property can be found as indicated by our For Sale board on the left hand side.
Location - Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant is a popular village in the county of Powys. Llanrhaeadr has a range of local shops, a primary school, a dentist, restaurant and public house. The village of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochanant is best known for its surroundings. Amongst these are the spectacular Pistyll Rhaeadr waterfall and is the gateway to the Berwyn Mountains. The village is known as the former parish of William Morgan, the Bishop who translated the Bible into Welsh.
Description - Legion Hall was built in 1855 and was originally a Chapel but was then used by the British Legion. The property has been part renovated and now offers an amazing opportunity to create a stunning family home. The property is NOT LISTED and work has already been started with all works completed so far being signed off by the council. There are no covenants on the property, planning control has been passed and building control permission has been fully paid for. The front of the property will have bespoke wooden double glazed windows fitted in keeping with the chapel. The vendor has informed us that the work needed to complete the property would take no longer that 2/3 months and has had two separate builders quotes of £20,000/£30,000.
Entrance Hallway - Approached via wooden double doors and leading to two bedrooms and through to the kitchen/dining room. The ground floor archway is BESPOKE and made out of timber.
Bedroom Two - 2.77m x 2.79m (9'01" x 9'02") - Window to the front elevation.
Bedroom Three - 2.79m x 2.36m (9'02" x 7'09") - Window to the front elevation.
Bathroom And Utility Room - 7.32m x 2.06m (24' x 6'9") - This is currently one large space leaving the new owners the choice of where to put any dividing walls.
Master Bedroom - 6.76m x 2.24m (22'02" x 7'04") - The master suite is large enough to create an en suite at one end. Two arched windows to the front aspect.
Front - The front of the property has a concrete hardstanding enabling a car to load and unload. Fenced area suitable for sitting or for pots and tubs.
Rear Garden - To the rear of the property the garden is laid to lawn and terraced and leads down to the Rhaeadr river. The garden enjoys stunning countryside views and as can be seen by neighbouring properties there is the opportunity to create a decked entertainment area.
Views - The property enjoys stunning river and countryside views to the rear.
Agents Note - Cash buyers only.


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©2014 unicolored

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wp_footer(); // Indispensable pour le bon fonctionnement de Wordpress et des plugins

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to use JAXB to generate XML document without XML root element Sometimes I would like to generate the XML document like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<properties>
</properties>
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Do not with root elment, not like this:
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Here is my Class:
//@XmlRootElement(name="root")
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    private String properties;
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How to do this?

A: What you want is not valid XML. So neither JAXB nor any other technologie can produce a "document" like this.

A: According to the Well-formedness of an XML:

There is a single "root" element that contains all the other elements.


text:
Gov. Brown signs CFA-sponsored bill protecting undocumented Cal State Univ. students, faculty, staff into law
NEWS FROM THE CALIFORNIA FACULTY ASSOCIATION
Faculty Commends Governor and Legislature for Standing Up for CSU's Undocumented Community
SACRAMENTO—Gov. Jerry Brown today signed AB 21, a CFA-sponsored bill that will enact protections for undocumented students, faculty, and staff in the CSU system, as well as the state's community colleges, including access to financial aid, legal representation, and their constitutional right to due process.
News broke today after faculty, students, and the bill's author, Assemblymember Ash Kalra, gathered at San José State to rally in support of undocumented members of the campus community and DACA recipients.
CFA President Jennifer Eagan said of the bill's success:
"We are thrilled that this bill, which will help protect our most vulnerable students and colleagues, was signed into law. These are safeguards that will help return a sense of security and peace to our campuses, which in recent months have been riddled with fear due to the current federal anti-immigration agenda.
Our sincere thanks goes to Assemblymember Kalra for carrying this bill and working so hard on behalf of all Californians, and to Gov. Brown for recognizing the need for these protections for those who not only belong, but are integral, to our state."
Faculty, students, and community allies had held rallies in support of the bill in recent months, as well as sent hundreds of emails to Gov. Brown. It also was a focal point of conversations CFA activists and students had with lawmakers this spring.
The legislation was inspired by a resolution passed by delegates to CFA's 85th Assembly in March 2017.
BACKGROUND: AB 21, authored by Assemblymember Ash Kalra, will ensure students with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status have access to financial aid, legal representation, and their constitutional right to due process. The bill was supported by the University of California, California State University, the California Community Colleges Chancellor's Office and the Association of Independent California Colleges and Universities, among others.
ABOUT THE CALIFORNIA FACULTY ASSOCIATION: CFA represents more than 28,000 tenured and tenure-track instructional faculty, lecturers, librarians, counselors, and coaches on the 23 campuses of the California State University system, from Humboldt State in the north, to San Diego State in the south. Learn more about CFA at www.calfac.org
Contact: Lisa Cohen 310-395-2544, Alice Sunshine 510-384-1967, Niesha Fritz 916-606-6632


text:
You are in the Personal site
Consumer Spend reports
About Barclaycard
Partners and sponsorships
Omnichannel: What does seamless shopping look like in 2021?
The convenience, wider product choice and simplicity of the online shopping experience means we have been heading towards a world of digital retail for quite some time.
Fuelled by the pandemic, we've witnessed high levels of digital acceleration, leading to new sector trends and a generation of consumers who know exactly what they want both in store and online.
As we move into this new, post-lockdown phase of retail, it's important to note that "omnichannel" is evolving. Commenting on this trend, Nicole Olbe, MD of Partnerships at Barclaycard Payments, said: "It's no longer simply about having a website where your customers can access your products, but a seamlessly joined-up experience, where they can hop effortlessly between the physical and digital realms in a way that is convenient, intuitive - and, ideally, entertaining - with novel features like augmented reality there to blur the boundaries between the two worlds."
As the high street begins to regain some semblance of normality, retailers are reviewing their digital transformation plans, using technology to create better in-store and online experiences. This has prompted the rollout of exciting new omnichannel features including:
Scan-and-go technology that allows shoppers to skip checkout queues
Groceries delivered straight to the shopper's fridge
Automated click and collect points in-store
An omnichannel approach in the leisure and hospitality space
Barclaycard Payments recently announced a trio of new partnership agreements to boost its offering to e-commerce, leisure and hospitality merchants. Working with WellnessLiving and Tevalis, Barclaycard will provide specialist payments expertise for businesses with both an online presence and physical stores across the leisure and hospitality sectors. How does this work? Just think of those little QR codes you've been using to scan to order food and drink during the pandemic. The pandemic has powered the growth of omnichannel in hospitality and leisure just as it has in retail, as businesses seek to make things as easy as possible for customers.
WellnessLiving and Tevalis' leisure and hospitality customers, such as gyms, pubs, bars and restaurants, will now have the opportunity to access Barclaycard's payments platform and select Barclaycard as a new payment provider, benefiting from a trusted and secure payment gateway through which to process transactions.
WellnessLiving – a cloud-based solution for the fitness, health and wellness industry supporting 5,000 businesses worldwide - will also benefit from the full integration of Barclaycard's Smartpay Fuse gateway into its booking management solution, to provide a safe and frictionless checkout experience when taking payment for classes, appointments memberships or repeat services. This integration will allow customers to check availability online, select their preferred session and make payments all on the same page seamlessly. They can set up direct debits without having to go into the gym, and work through any issues with their account ID without leaving the house. Fitness classes are being hosted both on the gym floor and online, streamed both live and on-demand, with Barclaycard enabling gym members to book and pay for the entire experience simply and securely, giving them more time to focus on their fitness and wellbeing.
Making omnichannel easier for pubs, bars, restaurants and hotels, the integration of Tevalis' systems with Barclaycard terminals means faster sales, better service and happier customers. The integration will also reduce human error, because staff will no longer type the payment amount into their card machine by hand, which means that customers won't be accidentally over- or under-charged. Reconciliation is fully automated, meaning there is no need to cross-check figures against end-of-day reports when completing the final settlement, giving staff back valuable time.
Barclaycard is also extending its partnership with BigCommerce to offer digital on-boarding in the UK, meaning smaller businesses can set up their online payments quickly and seamlessly. This will allow them to start trading faster, maximising sales, without compromising on security.
A slick omnichannel experience has never been more important. Nicole Olbe sums up: "As software-as-a-service companies make omnichannel easier for businesses, we can expect to see retail businesses getting increasingly creative with their omnichannel experience. All those with the means to do so now have the opportunity to break away from the pack by creating something unique, convenient and memorable, where digital, mobile and physical platforms work in harmony, with cross-channel marketing in place to make sure shoppers know how to get the best possible experience."
+ More Stories
© Barclaycard 2023


When I was little I liked to go into the woods by my house. I would sit on the moss and imagine that there were fairies in the woods. I called it my secret place. A place where I could dream of the magical fairy lands that I read about in books.
My Mom is an avid gardener and she has many little fairy touches in her gardens. By our tree in the backyard is an opening where you can step out into the field to reach the woods. I was there not long ago and stood in that opening, remembering.
I'm certain that all the pretend and make-believe shaped me into the creative soul I am today. I'm very glad I had those woods back then, my secret place and my fairy dreams.
Hi Renee, What a magical place that must be. It's amazing how our past was used to mold us into the creative souls we have become. Thanks for stopping by my old blog and checking on me.I am in the process of restarting my blogspot blog as a crafts blog and hope you'll stop by and maybe even update your side bar (once again). I have alot of creative things whirling around in my head.
Oh, I do miss having woods behind my house. Yours are magical indeed!
Oh how I loved playing in the woods too!! It was just something about going in there, good memories :) Hope you have a good holiday weekend!
Renee, I enjoy your posts so much. No doubt you are correct that having an imaginative Mom influenced who you are. I rejoice with you at those special memories.


WASHINGTON, D.C. (March 8, 1999) The latest scientific, technological and product development activities in biotechnology from around the world will be on display in Seattle, Washington, May 16 through May 20 at the BIO '99 International Biotechnology Meeting & Exhibition. Program updates are available at www.bio.org.
BIO President Carl B. Feldbaum said, "As we approach the new millennium, biotechnology is center stage in virtually everyeffort to improve our lives. At this conference we will highlight the remarkable scientific achievements, explore the implications of these developments and examine the complicated relationships that operate among industry, academia, government, investors and the public.
"For five days we will celebrate the progress of biotechnology and let everyone see for themselves the enormous benefits already realized."
Speakers and participants are leaders in government, science, business and industry. They include Washington Gov. Gary Locke, Seattle Mayor Paul Schell, Dan Goldin, administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Leroy Hood, of the University of Washington, and Ian Wilmut, of the Roslin Institute.
Biotechnology for Non-Specialists (Sunday, May 16) A three-hour seminar on the basics of biotechnology taught by experts in the field.
International Roundtable (Sunday, May 16) Industry, government and association leaders from around the world will focus on global issues affecting the biotechnology industry. The program is anchored by the annual meeting of the International Biotechnology Forum.
Predictions of the Nobel Laureates (Monday, May 17) Seattle has been called the "Athens of genetics" because of the achievements of scientists who work there. A panel of Nobel Prize winners will predict where biotechnology is headed in the 21st century.
The Science of Sustainability (Monday, May 17) Four sessions will explore developments such as green technologies, which reduce industrial energy consumption and toxic chemical wastes, and advances in modifying enzymes to create more efficient biocatalysts.
Food & Ag Biotechnology (Tuesday, May 18) Five sessions will examine agricultural applications of biotechnology, including one focusing on New Trees on the Horizon: The Science, Issues and Value of Forestry Biotechnology. The program will end with a biotech farmer's market display and biotech buffet.
Post-Genomic Science (Tuesday, May 18) Leroy Hood, of University of Washington, and David Galas, former CEO of Darwin Molecular, in Bothell, Wash., will lead a panel discussion exploring the way genomics is revolutionizing science and medicine.
Bioinformatics (Tuesday May 18) Computers are an essential part of biotechnology. Dr. Jeremy Levin, CEO of Physiome Sciences, will lead a panel discussion on how the industry is merging biology and computers for drug discovery and medical device design.
The Future of Aging (Wednesday, May 19) Ian Wilmut, of Scotland's Roslin Institute, and Thomas Okarma, of Geron Corp., will lead a panel discussion on recent research breakthroughs that may extend the quality and duration of life.
Financing High Technology in the 21st Century (Thursday, May 20) The health care reimbursement system for new drugs and treatment techniques is constantly in flux. Experts will discuss trends in reimbursement in public and private health care programs.
BIO represents more than 850 biotechnology companies, academic institutions and state biotechnology centers in 47 states and 26 nations. BIO members are involved in the research and development of health care, agricultural and environmental biotechnology products.
NOTE TO EDITORS: Briefings will be held each morning to highlight events and a press conference schedule will be posted. BIO also will assist in setting up interviews with speakers.
Registration for credentialed press is complimentary. A fully operational press room with computers and Internet access will be available. To register, click on the BIO '99 box on BIO's home page (www.bio.org) and then click on "register here for BIO '99."
Special discounts on United Airlines are available through S&T Travel, of Olney, Md. Contact S&T by telephone (301-260-9100), fax (301-260- 9033), or email (sandttrvl@erols.com).


Dr. Amandeep S. Rai MD FRCSC is a graduate of the University of Toronto's Ophthalmology residency program, where he served as Chief Resident.
Dr. Amandeep S. Rai MD FRCSC is a graduate of the University of Toronto's Ophthalmology residency program, where he served as Chief Resident. At a national level, he served as President of the Canadian Council of Ophthalmology Residents and on the Canadian Ophthalmological Society's planning committee.
He has been recognized with the Kensington Eye Institute (KEI) award for proficiency in cataract surgery, the John Speakman award as best resident at the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and the Feldman/Trope/Wong Award as best instructor at TORIC, a national ophthalmology course for first year residents.
His previous training includes a Bachelor of Health Sciences (Honours) degree from McMaster University and a Doctor of Medicine (MD) from the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Rai's clinical interests include comprehensive ophthalmology, with a special interest in cataract surgery. He is interested in intraocular lens (IOL) design, innovation, and biometry. He is dedicated to medical student and resident teaching, and is a founding member of the annual "All About IOLs" symposium.
Dr. Rai has published peer-reviewed articles in the areas of medical education, surgical simulation, glaucoma and retina. He has presented at national and international conferences, including the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) meeting, the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS) meeting, and the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ASCRS) meeting.


Most of our items typically ship within 2-3 business days from the time an order is placed. For made-to-order items such as custom signs, weaving hand tools, paintbrush holders and record ledges, please refer to the ship by dates specified for each product. The time it will take for our custom shelving orders to ship will vary depending on the size of your order and how many orders we currently have in our queue. If you need your item by a specific date, please contact us and we'll do our best to accommodate you.
We ship internationally to select countries: Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, and South Africa. Haulin' Hoof Farm Store is not responsible for additional customs clearance charges, value-added, and goods and services taxes.
What type of sealant do you use on your wood products?
We use an all-natural penetrating oil finish composed of tung oil, special aged linseed oil, beeswax, pure citrus solvent, and pine rosin from Heritage Natural Finishes. Heritage Natural Finishes contain NO petroleum products, or metallic drying agents whatsoever, and they use only the highest quality ingredients from the most sustainable sources possible. They offer great protection and give our products a natural-looking satin finish. More information can be found at http://www.heritagenaturalfinishes.com.
Can you stain your wood products to match up with my existing decor?
We do not offer products that have been applied with wood stains, varnishes, or petroleum-based sealants.
We love working with individuals on custom orders. We're happy to create just the right color, wood grain, size, and design to meet your greatest expectations and style for your unique space, be it from wood, wool, or clay.


text:
Springer journals
Nature Portfolio journals
Adis journals
Academic journals on nature.com
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Reference Modules
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AdisInsight
SpringerMaterials
SpringerProtocols
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Expand or renew your license
Request an institutional trial
Corporate & Health solutions
eBook and Journal collections
Content on Demand (CoD)
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Serials Update
New Starts
Take-overs
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Tools & Services overview
News & Initiatives
Managing Institutional Knowledge and Insight
Text and data mining (TDM) tools are enabling researchers and information managers to enrich internal and external content and discover relationships among a variety of content and across disciplinary fields. Information and knowledge managers can play key roles in the development and implementation of TDM projects – acquiring and licensing the right tools and content, managing and linking knowledge models, and identifying data silos and specialized resource collections. Learn more about how information managers can contribute to TDM projects and what questions information managers need to ask before a TDM project is initiated in this white paper.
Author:Mary Ellen Bates
Bates Information Services Inc.
TDM, Information Management and Discovery
Text and data mining, broadly defined, is the automated process of selecting and analyzing large volumes of text or data in a way that can provide valuable information needed for studies and research projects. TDM enables researchers to conduct more comprehensive searches, identify patterns and trends, and learn how content relates to ideas and needs. Taxonomies—both those developed in-house and from authoritative third-party sources—can be applied to both internal and external content to facilitate the discovery of relevant internal documents, technical standards, reports, and published literature. Using TDM for enterprise knowledge management is a role often taken on by information managers and information service directors.
In addition to increasing discoverability of articles and other research material, TDM is used to define and predict relationships or patterns among concepts. This enables researchers to generate hypotheses and predictions such as which therapies are most likely to help with a specific disease or which materials are most likely to meet the required physical parameters.
Impact of TDM on Content Acquisition and Management
These two distinct uses of TDM—to improve discoverability of individual material and to discern patterns among content—have significant implications for both information managers and content producers. Publishers are shifting their business and pricing models from delivering information as published articles aggregated in journal issues read by subscribers to licensing machine-readable content that can be queried to discover new insights. This "atomization" of information requires a different value model, as the value of TDM applications cannot be calculated by the number of article downloads or other metrics tied to the full text content.
Acquiring content has changed as new TDM tools are developed and new use cases are found. A TDM license is an analysis and discovery tool rather than a subscription to content; in fact, it is often the case that not all content from a publisher is available for this type of license. One consequence of using TDM for insight is that there is often a loss of awareness of the sources being used for a TDM project; users see the results of data analysis, not the individual publications from which each data point was extracted. This effect will become even more pronounced as more apps are able to consume licensed content and the end user is even less able to discern what sources are being used or to identify any gaps or biases in the content being analyzed. That said, the proliferation of apps that can work with metadata to meet users needs in ways that a normal publisher cannot will change how people consume information.
As information managers and publishers sit down to negotiate a TDM license, both parties need to realize that they may see the value of a TDM license differently. A customer may view TDM as simply another way to access the information they already subscribe to; they may want to apply their own ontological framework rather than use the semantic enrichments provided by the publisher, and may balk at any TDM licensing fee above a nominal amount. Publishers, on the other hand, may view TDM as a transformative service that stands entirely separate from the underlying content, and each publisher that an information manager negotiates with may see the value of a TDM license differently.
The Role of (Human) Knowledge Models
Most organizations with robust TDM initiatives rely on internally developed ontologies that organize and structure knowledge in the subject domains most important to their research. In addition, consortia of subject experts, industry groups and associations, and publishers create ontologies to represent the relationships between concepts and entities in a particular field.
These knowledge models help address the need for researchers to conduct as comprehensive a scan as possible of the literature while still remaining focused on a particular field. In the past, researchers were able to conduct online or manual scans of the published literature with a reasonable assurance of comprehensive results. As sub-specializations within fields have proliferated and the number of STM publications continues to grow, researchers have greater concerns that they will miss a relevant study appearing in a niche publication. Using a knowledge model that reflects all the aspects of a domain of knowledge, a TDM algorithm can scan a much broader range of content and identify relevant content that appears in sources outside a researcher's area of focus. As scientists and researchers tackle complex and interconnected societal problems—COVID-19, climate change, clean energy—the need to find relevant insights in a wide range of domains is critical.
Information managers and KM professionals have found creative ways to use TDM to ensure the right coverage of a fragmented field of knowledge. One director of information services for a pharmaceutical company uses TDM to monitor a wide range of content, including peer-reviewed articles, company news, conference abstracts, drug pipeline data, and other resources, for an internal newsletter. The news is distributed through an internal social network and a conversation often develops among the researchers as to why a particular item was included. These debates are used to educate the TDM algorithm to better reflect the focus of the scientists; the director commented that this iterative process has greatly enhanced both the TDM system and knowledge sharing within the organization.
TDM and the Coronavirus Knowledge Graph
In the race to develop a vaccine for COVID-19, researchers are using TDM and other AI tools to analyze the relevant data. One initiative, the COVID GRAPH project, is using open datasets of over 44,000 articles as well as patents, gene data, clinical studies, molecular data and other resources to develop a COVID-19 knowledge graph. Scientists and researchers are able to run TDM algorithms to find new relationships and identify possible therapeutics.
Another initiative, the UK-based AI firm BenevolentAI, has built a drug discovery and development platform that uses machine learning to extract both structured and unstructured biomedical data from published material and build a knowledge graph of relationships between diseases, genes and drugs. Researchers using its AI algorithm have identified six compounds that appear to reduce the ability of the virus to replicate. In February 2020, BenevolentAI reported that their platform had identified baricitinib, a drug approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, as a potential treatment for COVID-19, and BenevolentAI continues to leverage its knowledge graph and work with pharmaceutical companies to identify targets for a number of diseases.
Information Managers' Role in TDM Initiatives
While information managers are often not the instigators of TDM initiatives, their role can be pivotal in the ultimate success of the project. In fact, the value of any TDM project depends on knowing what questions are being addressed, what sources should—and can—be included, and what ontologies and taxonomies to use. Information managers can raise the functionality of a TDM project by bringing in the right tools to create linkages among pieces of information. As one information manager noted, knowledge management without the structure and tools of TDM is simply more data – "The magic happens once the content is brought in-house and we figure out how to make it useful; TDM brings intelligence to the data."
One of the assets that information managers bring to a TDM project is their connection to the various user groups within their enterprise. Since many organizations develop their APIs and other finding tools internally rather than relying on outside vendors, information managers can be key to understanding how users are likely to be querying the resources, what kinds of challenges they are encountering, and what kind of customization and annotation is needed for each project team. Information managers also serve to bring together all the groups and stakeholders who could benefit from the use of a licensed dataset or the development of an API to query a content collection, coordinating licensing and facilitating collaboration among user groups.
This issue of resource coordination is particularly important in companies that have experienced mergers or other disruptive events; there is often more of a reluctance to share internal information and resources when other user groups are unfamiliar or unknown. One drug information manager noted that one consequence of acquisitions within their industry was the growth of data silos and the resulting lack of cross-platform searchability. His response, by necessity, was to move forward with what he had access to and, as he said, "we just had to leave the data silos in the dust and let them shut down once we were able to offer resources with semantic enrichment and improved findability." In fact, he noted that his biggest obstacle to institutionalizing an enterprise-wide knowledge management program is raising awareness within the organization of how the information center can support their research with TDM tools and resources.
Among the roles for information managers in TDM projects are:
Raising awareness of TDM as a research tool, particularly following an acquisition or other influx of new employees. Information centers can develop AI labs or sandbox areas, in which researchers can try out TDM methods using a combination of open access content, licensed metadata, and available TDM services. Learning events and user meet-ups can be hosted by the information center. The University of Rhode Island's AI Lab (https://web.uri.edu/ai/) is an example of how a library can support exploration of new technology within the larger organization.
Including TDM in content licensing discussions. Every publisher takes a slightly different approach to licensing their content for TDM, and these conversations can be lengthy and technical. Both the information managers and the vendors are breaking new ground; the more that information managers bring this to the negotiation table, the more familiar all parties will be with the issues and concerns involved in TDM licensing.
Identifying data silos and specialized resource collections. As noted above, this is particularly an issue in enterprises that experience mergers. In addition, information managers can work to identify specialized ontologies that internal groups have developed, and use them to enhance other internal and licensed content for more relevant retrieval. APIs created or licensed by one team may be of value to other groups within the organization as well.Ensuring that the right information sources are included in a TDM project. Information managers have a unique perspective on available resources, both internally and externally. Whether that is identifying an authoritative public ontology, licensing access to technical standards or patents, or incorporating customer data, other internal documents, clinical trial data, and scientific and technical publications into a KM project, information managers have a unique understanding of the best resources for each use case.
Of course, these roles require that all information center staff develop a familiarity with TDM issues and that staff members build expertise in specific areas of licensing, access, storage and preservation, training, tools and methods, and outreach. These may require significant investment in staff time and focus, which needs to be factored into any TDM initiative. Of course, this commitment to building and maintaining TDM skill sets within the information center can also be mentioned as a feature when conducting outreach and describing what the information center brings to a project. Strategic support for TDM projects both expands the impact of the information center within the enterprise and leverages the unique expertise that information managers bring.
What Information Managers Need to Ask Before a TDM Project
While every project involving enterprise knowledge management is different, information managers can use these questions can help clarify their role and identify possible issues and assumptions before engaging in supporting a TDM project.
What kind of data do you need? How can the information center help you in focusing the content most relevant for this project?
What data do you already have access to? Is it internal? Open-access? Licensed? (This may also lead to a deeper discussion of the need for and cost of TDM licensing.)
Should we get an institutional license for this resource, or will it only be of use in this specific project? Does funding play a role in this consideration and, if so, should other stakeholders be brought in for cost-sharing?
Do any of the data sets need to be updated regularly, or is this a fixed set of content?
Has your group already developed or licensed a knowledge graph or ontology that would be relevant for this project?
Have you already licensed or built any APIs for either internal or external data?
Will you need to view the full text of the underlying content for more than spot-checking results? Will the most useful output be identification and delivery of the underlying content or the discovery of new connections and possible therapeutics? Is the content or metadata being used by another app, further separating the analysis from the underlying content?
How much technical and user support do you anticipate needing, both from the information center and from vendors?
Is it necessary, desirable, or not good practice—in this project—for the content, metadata or APIs to be shared with other groups within the enterprise? Do you have plans for storing the data and tools for a set period of time?
Springer Nature recently created a portal with information on TDM tools and resources as well as Springer Nature policy regarding TDM usage at www.springernature.com/text-and-data-mining.
Interested in seeing how Springer Nature can help you with your institutional TDM activities? Contact rd@springernature.com.
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Discussion in 'football' started by JimW, Nov 10, 2018.
technical and BCBlues like this.
The West Brom - Brighton replay is on the Beeb next Wednesday.
What is the date of this game? Is it this coming Wed or a week later?
This website is always my friend for such queries.
Argonia and BCBlues like this.
Well done the Exiles, even if you have actually been home for years.
Only a couple of days and then it's Doncaster v Palace on Sunday and then Chelsea v United on Monday. Hurrah!
I have my boy and his squeeze with me for all few days and we are going to the classic car show all day Sunday...still family is more important sometimes, especially as we never see them much.
Badgers and Argonia like this.
I think we may well have had enough by 5 and will be in need of refreshment.
Some good looking cup ties this weekend is much/any of it on the telly?
Feeling indifferent about the Palace match.
If Newport beat City I'll eat my hat.
Ashley Cole is making his first FA Cup appearance since January 2014 versus Stoke – 1847 days ago.
I'm surprised no top flight club went for Cole. He might not be as quick as ten years ago, but the guy is total class (on the pitch at least).
sounds like they done good.
Jeff Schlupp said post-match that Palace might get "one of the the lesser teams" in the next round. It'd be interesting to know if he meant Millwall.
I was hoping for 8-8 after extra time. Then a 17-16 win for Chelsea on penalties. Load of red cards on the pitch and the two managers coming to blows on the touchline.
Have we got the best draw?


Every once in a while I actually get SOMETHING done. Here's what I've been up to. Carpet is basically done, the seat, nowhere near.
Yea, hopefully it'll look good once it's in. Actually pulled that carpet out of a Paseo at a junkyard. It's in better shape than mine, plus i wanted something other than that nasty stock color.
Plus, the seats are from a Tercel, so I have those to play w/, either dye em, or rewrap em as i have time, figured i'd play w/ some paint first, see what i can do, if it doesn't work, then move on and learn to sew, haha.
Haven't decided about the rear seats. they might come out and just be replaced w/ carpet wrapped plywood. Should just get some speakers to put in em, not like i ever use that back seat anywa, should just make it look good.
You SHOULDN'T use that backseat for anyone, anytime. It's just ridiculous. Progress on blacking out looks nice, though the seat looks pretty uncomfy. Yay rainbow streaks stock seats!
Omg that looks good from far away. Awesome!
I hate it when you're productive while I'm working, haha.
methinks interior bits need painting now. you didn't think to do that when you had them removed?
time. needed it done today, or it wasn't happening this week before the show i'm going to sat. i'll get to it, just gotta decide what to do.
Tercel seats look good... did you used the railings from the Paseo?
I like the seats but the backseat looks funny now.... rip it out and build a wall of speakers.
They swap right over (except one of the 4 bolts don't like up) Also, the female end of the Tercel Seat Belts don't match the Paseo belts, so I swapped them off the Paseo seats. Otherwise, everything was good.
so you did it with cans? didnt go the water/dye/salt way. does it feel different? stiffer? same? any of the color rub off?
all cans, a lil stiffer, nothing coming off yet, but, I haven't even driven the car since the work, i will today. I just know that thing is gonna be a bit hot on days it sits in the sun now though.
yeah, don't wear white clothing. I bet that rubs off. try running a damp cloth over it to see how much comes off.
OMG SOMEONE STOLE YOUR ROOF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
there won't be rear seats/belts when i'm done.
The only reason there's a driver seat (being my non-painted stock one) is so i can test drive the car after the swap on Sat.
If I took out the back seat, my wife would just fill it up with crap. Lookin' good man, I know how much work it was.


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Tag: barbra streisand
Episode 19 – "Pretty Funny" by Erica Simpson
Transport yourself back to the 1960s and rediscover what it means to be a "beautiful woman" by Hollywood's standards and meet the woman who contested those ideals. In "Pretty Funny: How Barbra Streisand Challenged Hollywood Conventions", undergraduate student Erica Simpson analyzes the beauty and gender roles prevalent in Hollywood in this time period through a modern lens for a class in Cinema and Media Studies taught by Professor Megan Minarich. Professor Minarich seems to have podcasting assignments down to a science.
The crux of the assignment was to present an argumentative narrative about a Hollywood musical film independent of those covered in class. In general, the students were graded on the episode content, their storytelling effectiveness, the strength of their argument, and a peer-review portion. The points breakdown for the podcast project and peer review are outlined below:
Podcast Project (250 possible points)
Podcast: 200 points
Script: 25 points
Show Notes: 10 points
Producer's Memo: 15 points
Podcast Peer Review (45 possible points)
Podcast Internal Peer Review Draft: 10 points
Podcast External Peer Review: 25 points
Podcast Overall Peer Review Summary and Revision Plan: 10 points
Professor Minarich also defines a list of pieces that must be incorporated into the podcast, including a 3-part thesis statement, addressing relevant aspects of the five categories of film art, and incorporating 4 – 6 reputable secondary sources. Her full rubric for the podcast project broke down the podcast into subcategories, with assigned maximum point values, that can be rated in four categories: poor, acceptable, good, and excellent. Within each subcategory, a verbal description of what embodied "poor", "acceptable", "good", and "excellent" work was provided, and a score is assigned to each category.
This detailed process of breaking down exactly what she expects from the students and their podcasting performance task provides a structure that shapes the podcasts into robust academic tools. Beyond providing detailed rubrics, Professor Minarich planned field trips to Vanderbilt Student Media to meet Jim Hayes to discuss podcast best practices and recording. Additionally, she established proactive deadlines for mini objectives throughout the semester; an example is featured below.
Important Dates (Sample)
R 10/3: Visit to Vanderbilt Student Media with Jim Hayes (meet in Sarratt 363 at 1:10p)
T 10/8: Discussion of podcast episodes (see Brightspace)
R 10/17: Internal Peer Review of Script – Full Draft Due (2 hard copies in class; copy emailed to Prof. Minarich by 1:10p)
Su 10/20: External Peer Review of Script Due via Email (to your author and to Prof. Minarich)
T 10/22: Podcast Overall Peer Review Summary and Revision Plan due (hard copy in class)
Su 11/3: Podcast, Script, Show Notes, and Producer's Memo due to Brightspace by 11:59p
Since podcasting is a foreign assignment to many students, directly laying out this level of structure in the syllabus is pertinent to helping students understand the expectations of the assignment and provide the framework to be successful. Further, the peer review process allows students to glean insight into what other students are preparing, and providing feedback on other's work will help make their own work stronger.
Professor Minarich had the students email her a copy of the podcast script draft and bring two hard copies to class. One copy is given to a student they designate as an "external peer review partner" who reviews the student's script individually outside of class. Then, students partner up with a different student, designated as an "internal peer review partner", who then work together in class to review the scripts and discuss improvements. This provides students with two peer reviews conducted in two different formats.
Erica Simpson said that her podcast would not have been possible without the guidance and resources provided by Professor Minarich. Approaching the assignment through the lens of podcasting allowed Erica to take a more personal and fluid approach to discover the content she wanted to discuss, and she provided VandyVox some helpful tips.
When starting the assignment, Erica began with rough-cut audio, where she turned on the mic and allowed herself to talk through the memorable points of the movie. From there, she was able to reflect on what stuck out to her and used these to build the base of her assignment. However, the podcasting format of the assignment didn't come without its hurdles. She relays that she initially struggled with finding royalty-free transition audio until eventually discovering a Creative Commons partnered website called FreeSound. Below is an excerpt from Professor Minarich's syllabus regarding copyright laws:
"An Important Note about Copyright and Fair Use: Films and their music/scores are copyrighted material. That said, if you feel it is necessary, you may use a very small sample of sound from the film in your project, since this is for educational purposes (as is my understanding from Frank Lester, Vanderbilt film librarian). Be sure to see me if you plan to do this. Do be aware, though, that since this is copyrighted material, you will not be able to share your podcast outside of the context of our class if you use any sound from the film itself. Thus, given the opportunities that exist for otherwise further sharing your work, I would strongly advise that you avoid using sound from the film itself or any music related to the film that is under copyright.
Student-produced podcast episodes that are of sufficient quality for public listening may be added to a class podcast on musical film history hosted on Soundcloud. A small number of very high quality podcasts containing no copyrighted material will be submitted to VandyVox for consideration. Additionally, you are also encouraged to submit your work to the Undergraduate Writing Symposium for possible inclusion. I am currently working with Prof. Bradley, Director of the Writing Studio, to determine whether podcasts containing copyrighted material are eligible for submission to the UWS. Those that do not contain copyrighted material are certainly eligible for submission.
Additionally, keep in mind that the Writing Studio supports multimodal writing assignments, too! You can certainly bring in your podcast to discuss it with a consultant at the Writing Studio."
Erica also notes that trying to edit her audio clips in GarageBand was not so simple as a first time GarageBand user. Luckily, podcasts can be created with a variety of audio processing tools. Links to audio processing tutorials and royalty-free sound clips can be found below. More detailed questions about creating a podcast and dealing with copyrights and royalties can be directed to the wonderful Vanderbilt librarians and staff at Vanderbilt Student Media.
Vanderbilt Student Communications:
https://www.vandymedia.org/
Ask a Librarian – Jean & Alexander Heard Libraries:
https://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/ask-librarian.php
For her audio transitions, Erica used FreeSound:
https://freesound.org/
Another site that offers easily searchable, royalty-free sound effects is ZapSplat:
https://www.zapsplat.com/
This article walks you through the steps to create and edit a podcast in GarageBand with an accompanying tutorial video: https://www.buzzsprout.com/blog/garageband-podcast-tutorial
If you are more comfortable using iMovie, here is a video tutorial on making a podcast in iMovie by YouTuber "TechTeacherNate": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVLPMIqX-JY
An option that's available for both Mac and PC users is a free software called Audacity that contains the full suite of recording and editing options, similar to GarageBand. Youtuber Pat Flynn has a complete tutorial on using Audacity to create a podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xl-WDjWrTtk


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"She's my hero and together we can do this."
The Bates family learns to live life with Type-1 Diabetes
"She is such a fighter….she's my hero, and together we can do this."
Judging only by appearance, one would look at Zadie Kaye Bates and see an energetic, playful, beautiful little red-haired four-year-old girl. However, inside this boisterous little bundle of energy, she's fighting a constant battle that affects around 1.25 million Americans - type 1 diabetes.
Zadie Kaye was just three years old in January of 2019 when her parents, Robb and Amanda Bates, began to notice some alarming symptoms. She seemed to be constantly thirsty, was making more frequent trips to the bathroom, and was losing a little weight. The day that Amanda picked her up from school and her teacher told her that Zadie Kaye had asked for her water cup ten times that day, Amanda decided it was time to visit her pediatrician. A half-day's time spent running tests yielded results that both shocked and dismayed the Bates family. Not only did Zadie Kaye have T1D, she was in diabetic ketoacidosis, and would have to be transported immediately to Children's Hospital in Little Rock for treatment.
"We were absolutely in shock," remembers Amanda. "The doctor came in explaining everything that was about to be done to try and stabilize her blood sugar, and we asked when we needed to do all this and he said, 'You have to go right now.' But God had his hand on our family, because luckily for the first time ever, Robb and I and both my parents were there at the doctor's office - I had plenty of support."
Upon arrival at Little Rock, Zadie Kaye was admitted directly into ICU and hooked to an IV insulin drip. Her blood sugar was 436. They would spend the next five days and four nights in the hospital, battling highs and lows and realizing life as they had known it before had come to an end.
"That week, we just soaked up all the information we could - we knew nothing about how to care for a child with T1D," said Amanda. "We had two 8 hour education classes. They were intense and overwhelming….it was by far the worst week of our lives."
That week was followed by many, many more rough weeks, as the Bates family struggled to adjust to a new routine - one that includes 6-8 injections a day for little Zadie Kaye. For the first six weeks at home, her blood sugar levels had to be checked every two hours around the clock. Highs and lows had to be treated accordingly - an injection to bring down a high reading, or a snack to bring up a low. And on top of the constant worry and exhaustion, Amanda was 4 months pregnant. "I was terrified to come home at first," she recalled. "I was so afraid that Zadie Kaye's sugars would get out of control and I would be too far from her doctors. The insulin shots are so unpredictable - it's not like an exact science. I can figure calories and count carbs and do everything exactly like I'm supposed to do, and her readings might still be inconsistent. Emotionally, I was a disaster. And I was angry - angry that our entire lives had been turned upside down in a single moment, and frustrated that there was nothing I could do about it."
Almost ten months after Zadie Kaye's initial diagnosis, things are looking up for the Bates Family. Amanda delivered a healthy baby boy in July that they named Jack, and Zadie Kaye is a doting big sister. She now wears a Dexcom sensor, which is a port in her abdomen that constantly checks her blood sugar levels and send alerts to their cell phones when they are too high or low. When Zadie Kaye was in the hospital in Little Rock, it took four nurses to hold her down while they administered injections. Now, she is able to carry on a conversation while she gets them, just as if it were nothing. They have begun the process of getting an insulin pump which will eventually eliminate the injections altogether.
And though they have a long row to hoe, Amanda says one thing makes it easy to keep going. "Zadie Kaye is so strong," she said, tearing up. "She is such a fighter….she's my hero, and together we can do this. The future may seem a little scary for us, but you can look at her and tell, she can handle this. She can handle anything."
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