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The Murder-Hobo Treatise
Pity the poor adventurer. Call them whatever you like, whether it be desperado, scallywag, dungeon hobo, Murder-Hobo, Barbarians, Brutes, Savages, Plunderer, Colonizer, Monster-Abuser, label them anything you want, from murderous to greedy to abusive to evil. But Murder-Hobos are people who despite all the hate they receive, seem to survive everything. They exist in every society. And while the costumes change- what is the difference between a Shaman and a Witch-Doktor, after all- the true goal doesn't. But do not despair, my civilized friends. Follow me, and you learn the truth about Murder-Hobos, and why you should thank them for all the work they do.
Part 1: The Truth About Dungeons
As Pearce Shea said in his revolutionary article on Dungeons, Dungeons are not composed of brick and mortar. They appear to be abandoned places full of monsters and traps, but this is directly opposite. A dungeon is not made when a place is abandoned, a place that is abandoned gives birth to a Dungeon. This explains many inconsistencies, such as the complaint raised by Joseph Manola, when he said that he found death-traps and trap dungeons unrealistic. And if you are working from naturalistic principles, his critique makes perfect sense. Yet this is an incorrect way to view Dungeons.
But back to Shea, who says "Abandoned buildings left unused for too long grow grow weedy, dusty, strange. The angles twist and the geometry buckles under the barometric pressure of anti-life." Dungeons are places where primordial chaos infiltrates our reality, infusing a structure with a strange sort of life of its own. This chaos then twists and warps a Dungeon into a maze of death and bones. All Dungeons have the same goal- to expand. A Dungeon that begins in the basement of a long-abandoned building will spread out through similar avenues, so other basements will begin developing secret doors and tunnels that lead deep into the earth. This primordial chaos approach explains Dungeons much better than naturalistic reasons I find. Dungeons are like fungi, except instead of blooming in rotting organic matter and waste, they grow in places mired in secrecy and isolation. A building that is frequently used, well-lit and known by its inhabitants will never grow a Dungeon. But a building full of unused rooms or a strange, rambling layout can keeps inhabitants in their rooms or in low numbers is at risk for Dungeon emergence or growth.
And if you use the primordial chaos lens, other illogical aspects of Dungeons make sense. Traps are a Dungeon's passive defenders, like eyelashes or dead skin cells. Treasures are its precious organs, and monsters its defenders and children. And like any living thing, killing a Dungeon is equally similar. First, smash through any defenses than strip out the essential bits, the treasures and strange magickal devices that have fermented out of lesser metals and discarded spellbooks. Then, if you feel especially slighted by the place, you can tear the dressed stone from its walls and collapse the whole thing. However, if this approach is too extreme, simply convert the Dungeon into a store or some other place of Order. Make sure people become familiar with it, and inspect it regularly.
Monsters perhaps deserve a bit more of a mention. Some people say that the creatures found in Dungeons are just normal beings like us, who have inhabited the Dungeon. This is incorrect. However, the people who also say that they are just manifestations of the Dungeon's Will are also wrong. Studies, such as one done by the aforementioned Shea, have proven that if you take a Goblin from a Dungeon and place it civilized environs, after several weeks it will snap back to sanity, and can even become a normal member of society. Other creatures take longer, such as several months for Orcs, and even longer for other things. Some creatures, such as Dragons, are so enthralled to a Dungeon that they are almost never freed from its spell, with certain notable exceptions. But these creatures do not grow out of the cave dirt, as many speculate. Instead, like the mass that the Dungeon develops as it grows, they are pulled from other worlds. But Dungeons also have other ways of recruiting servants. Those near a Dungeon, whether those trapped inside it when it forms or brought there by its servants, or those around a nascent Dungeon will be affected by its song.
An Dungeon's song is the warble of the initial chaotic energy that gave birth to it- a great, inhuman lifeforce. A Dungeon's song, if listened to, can tell you what its thinking, if such a thing can think. In truth, much of what a Dungeon thinks is incomprehensible to a mere mortal, but certain things can be derived from listening to it, such as where threats (to the Dungeon) are, where valuable things (to the Dungeon) are kept, and where its servants should be going. However, one should be careful, as listening to a Dungeon's constant singing is hazardous to ones' health, and can lead to becoming Dungeon-bent.
But back to the Dungeon itself. As mentioned above, all Dungeons grow. Dungeons expand along similar lines as the initial seed. For example, a Dungeon in a Caldera might burrow down near the magma chamber, or a Dungeon on an abandoned boat might simply enlarge the boat, filling it with hallways that go nowhere and windows that lead to internal tanks full of sharks and seawater. But all Dungeons also link to each other. As such, all Dungeons are in theory, endless. The furnace room on an ocean-going Dungeon can lead you to the caldera Dungeon. And of course, as the priesthood has lectured for many centuries, the bottom of every Dungeon is Hell.
Part 2: The Truth about Adventurers, Murder-Hobos, and the like
You should pity the Adventurer, not fear them. For while some possess great power and knowledge that would break a lesser man's mind, they are also among the most disenfranchised in our society. Adventurers are consistently count among their ranks those too dysfunctional to do anything else. Those who become Adventurers are taken from several pools. Firstly, those who are so ostracized they have no connection to their community, whether because of their own actions or some other factor. These can be deserved isolations, such as one who has killed a kinsman and escaped justice through some legal means, or someone simply so unlikable they cannot hold a conversation without stuttering for a half hour, then fleeing into the night. The second most common group an Adventurer can come from is the insatiable curious or the insatiable courageous. Those who cannot leave a stone unturned or a challenge unmet, those who thrive when the pressure is greatest and the stakes are highest. And the third most common group Adventurers come from before their change in vocation is the insane. Many asylums train there more stable patients in the art of Dungeon-craft, teaching them basic combat, how to tie knots, forage for food and sign language in the hopes of one day getting the patient into a somewhat stable, if dangerous field. other
Also, many non Adventurers insist that those with no real skills or desire to improve themselves could also be counted among the Adventurers, but most slackers and Adventurers dispute this. The former say they know how dangerous Adventuring is, and have no desire to endanger themselves for such a lopsided risk to reward ratio. On the other hand, the latter insist that slackers and layabouts could never make it as Adventurers, due to the enormous amount of work needed to keep oneself in fighting shape.
But to get back on topic, most Adventurers are social outcasts or dysfunctional in some way. These are the type of men who tear up bars and get into duels, who make stupid decisions and find it difficult to string together two sentences without mumbling. They are utterly unsuited to a safe, comfortable life. This is why you see aging Adventurers, their hair graying and their muscles no longer as strong as they once were, still strapping on their armor to plunge into the depths. They cannot live a life of peace, of farming or husbandry or a desk job. They were born for war, for blood and heat and the thunderous red heart of war. This is also why there are so few old Adventurers.
Additionally, not only are most Adventurers ill-suited to the life you probably live, but most are also very unsuccessful. Most Adventurers die young, this is known. Plunging into the depths of Chaos, into a Dungeon, is very often fatal. Even those who emerge safely often have little to show for themselves, for if another party of Adventurers was just here, their may be few, or no treasures left. Dungeons that are not destroyed will slowly replenish themselves, but their ability to produce treasures is far less than the Adventurer's thirst for them. So many Adventurers are only more successful than a middling merchant, and sometimes not even that. This is why so many Adventurers are eager to go as deep as they can, to spend days, if not weeks, if not longer underground, in a Dungeon. It is known that the deeper one goes in a Dungeon, the stiffer the resistance becomes. But as the danger grows, so does the potential reward.
Finally, there are two issues that Adventurers deal with that we should discuss. The first is becoming Dungeon-bent. The Second is the Curse of the Dungeon.
Becoming Dungeon-bent is a very real danger, but one that is easily fixed. A Dungeon's song is its thoughts, but it is also a weapon. Many Adventurers have difficulty sleeping in Dungeons without warded campsites or magical protections, as their thoughts mingle with the Dungeon while they sleep, leading to strange, surreal nightmares or waking hallucinations. They can feel a Dungeon's contempt, its wrath frozen into icicle blades, which it prepares to drive into the psyche of those who dare invade it. But Dungeons also use Adventurers, seeking to recruit those they feel are too useful to kill or easily manipulated. A Dungeon's minions may kidnap an Adventurer and drag them deep into the Dungeon's heart, where it can coo over them, slowly breaking the Adventurer's will. If not rescued, the Adventurer will be shaped by the Dungeon's will, turned into a willing servant for the Dungeon. This is also what happens to the creatures Dungeons take from other worlds or from those who are trapped inside a Dungeon. Like the Dungeon itself, they become freakish and weird, devolving and becoming less than human. And like any other creature trapped in a Dungeon, they can be saved, though this is rarely done. This is, incidentally, why the slave trade should be encouraged, as it incentivizes Adventurers to keep those captured in Dungeons alive, if only to sell. Becoming a slave is a cure for being Dungeon-bent, as the antidote to the Chaos in a Dungeon is order, and the only person who lives surrounded by more order than slaves are Kings and Priests. Other common cures for being Dungeon-bent include, for major cases, being sent to an asylum, a labor camp, or living alongside monks for some time. More minor cases can be cured by managing a store, serving drinks in a tavern, or prayer and fasting.
But while being Dungeon-bent is curable, if inconvenient, the Curse of the Dungeon is something far more serious. You see, when in a Dungeon, you can descend as far as you want with no trouble, barring the usual difficulties. But if you turn around and start ascending, you develop problems very quickly. The Curse of the Dungeon affects those who try and leave it, and return to the surface. The Curse can start out relatively minor, depending on what level of a Dungeon you are on. Leaving the first level can prompt nausea and dizziness, which can be hazardous if you are rock-climbing, but are otherwise perfectly survivable. But the lower you go, the worse it gets. Effects can range from madness to mutation to blood gushing from every orifice to far, far worse. As such, some of the most powerful Adventurers, having gone too deep, never return to the surface, usually setting up bases in Dungeons, little islands of Order in a sea of Chaos. These Living Legends can be great assets, but they are also capricious allies, and many no longer recognize any ties that might have once bound them, such as nation, faith, creed or law. Maybe in their long stay in the dark they have become irrevocably Dungeon-bent? Or maybe a life of horror and pain has twisted them, making them hard and cynical. However, whatever explanation you feel is more convincing, you should still be very careful around these Adventurers. They can be as dangerous as anything down there, and just as cruel.
Part 3: Becoming Odd vs. Becoming Complicated
As the critically unappreciated Chris McDowall once said, "Becoming Odd is great. Becoming Complicated is awful." Now for those of you not up with the latest Adventurer lingo, let me unpack that phrase. Odd in the Adventurer parlance means to be become stronger, better, faster. Someone who is Odd can hit harder and survive more than someone who is not. Additionally, there is a depth to Oddness. The greater an Adventurer becomes is generally correlated with how Odd they are. Complicated, on the other hand, is what happens to an Adventurer as a side-effect of their line of work. This is the stuff that makes it into penny-dreadfuls. Adventurers who return home with cannibal desires, no longer men, but monsters wearing human skin. But other Complications are far less subtle. Some Adventurers return home a shambling wreck, mutated beyond belief or any other number of unfortunate effect. These Complications are usually what drive Adventurers into either retirement or a shallow grave.
Part 4: Conclusion
The life a Murder-Hobo lives is not one to be envied. They live in squalid conditions and near universal poverty, their rich contemporaries only serving to emphasize how difficult it is to be one of them and make money. Even those that do make some money spend it all on donations to the Church in the hope of securing a good afterlife, or squander it on women and wine. Yet the life they live is one that is desperately needed. Someone must enter the darkness and confront Chaos man to man, and they are the people to do it. So next time you see a Murder-Hobo, you should thank them for what they have done for you. For in their tireless and selfless pursuit of gold and glory, they are unintentionally preserving the civilization that spawned them.
Part 5: Works Cited
Pearce Shea's "Other Frontiers (Dungeons, Megadungeons and Monsters)"
Joseph Manola's "Confessions of a realist"
Chris McDowall's "Foreground Growth and Becoming Odd"
Emily Allen's "In which I am a weeb"
By Yami Bakura at May 29, 2018 1 comment:
Labels: OSR, theorizing
They look like Humans dressed in appropriate clothing for the time and place. If they are in an opera house, they wear suits and ties and dresses. If they are in the backwoods of Idaho, they wear flannel and camouflage. They are always masked.
They never speak.
They are not hear to engage, they are here to be entertained. They will begin following the most interesting group of people around, so this usually means the players. But if they run into a group that looks more interesting, make a save. On a success, they leave and follow that group instead. They will fight to defend themselves, but if not molested, they will just persist in following you.
If they see something they like, they applaud politely. If they see something they love, they cheer and holler from inhuman throats. If they see something they do not like, they sit in silence, or boo.
So what do they like?
Spectators like:
- Fair fights
- Duels
- Tense, nail-biting encounters
- Twists of fate (whenever someone rolls a 1 or 20)
Spectators do not like:
- Killing prisoners or those who surrender
- Unfair fights
- Avoiding or sneaking around obstacles
- Being a poor sport
If they feel some situation could be improved by their involvement, they will do so by distributing divine power to anyone who they feel needs it. Remember that the Spectators don't particularly care about who wins, just about seeing a cool situation. They might use their powers to help the Players, or they may buff a valiant monster who refuses to flee.
For role-playing purposes, treat the Spectators like an amorphous blob of mostly interchangeable individuals. They have no fear of death, these bodies are just temporary vessels. But if you ever need a concrete number, roll 1d12+6. In combat, all it takes is for one Spectator to be alive to use their powers. Additionally, their powers disappear when they all die.
Finally, if you kill a whole group of Spectators, they make a save. On a failure, they are gone. On a success, they all appear mysteriously in the next room or open area. They may attack again, or they may applaud you.
HD 1 AC 10 Weapon 1d6 (or appropriate)
Mor 12 Saving Throws 10+
Hero's Mantle: Can only affect one person at a time. When this ability is activated, the person it affects regains 1d6 HP and 1d6 FS, and there is something suitably dramatic, such as a puff of smoke or a flash of light, or a wall crumbles to admit the early morning sunlight, etc.
Unhelpful Hand: One attack that would have hit instead misses, and the person who would have taken damage is okay. The Spectators can only do this once per round.
Crowd's Displeasure: One attack that would not have missed hits, and the person who would have successfully dodged takes damage as normal. The Spectators can only do this once per round.
Curse of the Crowd: Can only affect one person at a time. When this ability is activated, one person gets -4 to attack and damage, and whenever they take damage, the person who damaged them can roll twice and take the higher result.
- Don't fight unless attacked
- Root for the underdog or the most virtuous looking
- Reward fair play or heroism
- Punish viciousness or bad sportsmanship
By Yami Bakura at May 22, 2018 No comments:
Labels: Adventuring in a modern occult setting, Monsters


text:
Q: Цена всех товаров не сумируется Не могу додуматься как мне сделать что бы из массива prices возвращался ответ общей цены всех добавленных товаров, сейчас мне выдает цену каждого добавленного товара... Буду благодарен за помощь.
{this.state.products.map((products) => (
                 value.state.cartItems.map((item) =>( products.id === item ? // products.id это id, а item это клик по определенному товару
                    products.prices.map((prices) => (

{value.state.selectValue.slice(0, -4) === prices.currency.symbol ? prices.currency.symbol + " " + (prices.amount  * this.state.quantity).toFixed(3).slice(0, -1)  : null  }

                   ))
                    : null)) ))}

A: prices.reduce((acc, item) => {
  return acc + item.amount
}, 0)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Road trips are always full of excitement and adventures. More when you are traveling in Rajasthan. So what are you waiting for? Check out the Rajasthan Tour Packages offered by Royal Adventure Tours to decide and select the ones that suit your convenience, time and budget. And leave the arrangements and scheduling part to us.
If you are planning a short stay in the state, then we would advise you to club the Jaipur Tour Package and the Jaisalmer Tour Package to experience the real Rajasthan.
The road distance from Jaipur to Jaisalmer via Jodhpur and Pokhran is about 623 km. Though a longer route than other alternatives, you still have the benefit to stopping by Ajmer and offering prayers at Dargah Sharif.
Jaipur is well connected with all the major cities in the countries. Travelers from other countries come from New Delhi. You cannot afford to spend less than two days in Jaipur to visit all major places. The Nahargarh Fort, City Palace, Amber Palace, Jaigarh, Albert hall Museum, Hawa Mahal, Jal Mahal, Jantar Mantar are just a few of the places that you cannot miss out upon.
The distance between Jaipur to Jodhpur is 338km. a drive of 5 hours will land you in Jodhpur, the blue city. It is really interesting to see a city in blue. The mighty Mehrangarh Fort that stands guard to the city is a classical architectural masterpiece. The Mehrangarh museum, Umaid Bhawan palace, Jaswant Thada, Clock Tower, etc are few places worth visiting.
Covering a distance of 175 km in about 3 hours, you will reach Pokhran. The city zoomed to fame when India's first underground nuclear weapon detonation was tested in 1998. The Royal Cenotaph and the Shakti Mata Memorial Chatriya can be visited.
The road distance between Pokhran to Jaisalmer is 110 km and it will take around 1 and half hours to reach Jaisalmer. Jaisalmer is also known as the Golden city. Situated in the Thar Desert, the city is the real Rajasthan that you would have thought of. The magnificence of the Jaisalmer Fort is sure to steal you out of your mind. The Jain Temples, Havelis, the Sand Dunes, the Camel Safaris, the desert national park, Vyas Chattri and many more places that can be visited in the city. Above all, the night stay at the desert camp would be a new experience to you.
So hesitating will not help you. Contact us for the best deals for the road trip from Jaipur to Jaisalmer.


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VETERANS DEMOCRATIC CLUB
OF SACRAMENTO COUNTY
DemVets History
Membership Handbook 2013
The Constitution & Bylaws
This is the most current and up to date version of the Constitution and Bylaws of the DemVets. A PDF copy is available by emailing president.demvets@gmail.com and requesting one.
ARTICLE ONE
Section I
1. Name & Logo
1.1 The name of this organization shall be Veterans Democratic Club of Sacramento County. It may be abbreviated to 'VDCSC' and may be referred to as 'DemVets'. In this Bylaws it is also often referred to as "the organization" or "the club".
1.2 The logo of this organization shall be that of a Bear Silhouette, Solid Blue in color with Gold border and a Yellow Star with Gold Border in the center of the bear. When used, the words "Veterans Democratic Club of Sacramento County" shall appear on the same document or in the same picture.
2. Mission Statement
2.1 It shall be the mission of the VDCSC to work within the Democratic Party of Sacramento County (DPSC), providing a strong voice and representation within the party structure that promotes the welfare of Veterans; both through effective legislation and by encouraging Veterans to participate fully as Democrats at all levels of policy making and public service. Strong support of candidates who are supportive of the rights and care of Veterans and Democrats will be available, as will strong opposition to candidates who fail to support these causes.
2.2 Additionally, and without regard for party affiliation, any Veteran who shall approach this organization for aid in any non-political form shall receive the best care and assistance the organization and its resources are capable of providing. No Veteran seeking aid of a non-political nature shall be turned away.
3.1 The VDCSC shall maintain the following three values: Leadership, Honor, and Service.
a. Leadership- In compliment to our overall mission, an element of leadership development will be present in all we do.
b. Honor- The honor developed during the careers of those who have and are serving, shall not be forgotten by those who participate with this organization.
c. Service- The organization will maintain the same level of service to the country demonstrated by those who served in the Armed Forces. Service to those who have served will result in service to the communities of the county and abroad.
4.1 The VDCSC shall strive to become a community leader within Sacramento County. It shall strive to better serve the needs of veterans in the county and California by providing a steadfast, staunch voice to the veterans' needs and of their desires for action from their elected officials and local municipalities; with attention specifically directed to these issues as they present within the Democratic Party.
5.1 The VDCSC shall be affiliated through charter membership with the DPSC. It shall abide by all of the different governing rules and bylaws of the DPSC in concern to its conduct as a club.
5.2 Additionally, the VDCSC shall be affiliated with the California Democratic Party and the Democratic- Veterans Caucus and the California Democratic Council.
1.1 The Membership governs the VDCSC via this provision: The vote of the membership of the VDCSC shall supersede all other votes or decisions by any committee or persons within this organization.
2. Law
2.1 The Bylaws shall govern this organization and the members shall govern the Bylaws through the process provided to them herein. In cases where the Bylaws shall conflict with the decisions of any part or whole of the VDCSC, the Bylaws shall supersede all until such a time where they are properly changed.
3.1 The VDCSC shall work to meet its mission as outlined in the Mission Statement. It shall incorporate the Values into all of its actions and activities. Responsibility of directing this organization towards the fulfillment of this mission shall rest with the President.
ARTICLE TWO
1.1 Membership in the organization shall be open to any person who supports the mission of the VDCSC; and, if eligible to vote, is a registered Democrat. If not eligible for registration, the intent to register as a Democrat is required.
2. Membership Categories and Qualifications
2.1 Membership shall be divided into three categories:
a. Veteran:
This level of membership is open to veterans of the United States Armed Forces, which shall be broadly construed to include: the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, Merchant Marines, Filipino Veterans who served with our allies during the Battan Death March and resistance in World War II, Native Americans who provided the communications code for our allies during World War II. This shall include all current members of the Armed Forces who have served at least 30 days of duty beyond their initial training and shall have either continued forward with their service or have been discharged under any circumstances. This shall be proven by the submission of a DD214 or other documents. The degree of discharge indicated on the DD214 shall have no bearing on the admission of the applicant to the club.
b. Non-Veteran:
This level of membership is open to all persons not meeting the definition of a Veteran outlined above who are at least 15 years of age and meet the requirements of Article 2, Section I, 1.
c. Sponsor Membership-
This level of membership is open to businesses and organizations that wish to sponsor the VDCSC.
3. The Membership Committee
3.1 A standing committee shall be formed to screen all applications of membership for all levels. Applications approved by this committee will be considered valid retroactive to the date the application was received. Applications rejected by this committee will be considered invalid and will be returned to person who applied with a request for corrections, or other recommended action, including the denial of membership to the club.
4. Voting Members
4.1 All members are permitted to vote in the manner prescribed for the vote they are present for.
4.2 Electronic votes of the General Membership may occur in the rare cases where the President calls for them and this shall be done by the means the President declares acceptable when calling for the it. Only the means through which the President outlines a vote shall be considered acceptable will be accepted as valid votes and only those members compliant with the Good Standing Clause will be permitted to vote electronically.
4.3 The President or Acting President is permitted the privilege of calling for an electronic vote of the Executive Board via the means the President declares acceptable when calling for it (i.e. E-Mail, Voting Buttons on the website, etc).
4.4 In cases of voting by electronic means, there must be a thorough effort to notify all eligible to vote in a timely manner. The President will consider the amount of notification time given when considering how long the voting shall be open.
4.5 Sponsor members are not permitted a vote.
5. Good Standing Clause
5.1 No member has the right to vote unless they are found to be in good standing at the exact time and place they wish to do so. Good standing shall be defined as being current on membership dues and found to have attended at least one prior meeting of the DemVets in the past 12 months.
6. Dues
6.1 Membership is for 365 days each period. (i.e. When a Member joins in March, they will be due in March of the next year.) Dues are charged to the member on the anniversary of their membership. A member is considered delinquent on their dues and no longer meets the good standing clause effective the day after their anniversary. Members shall be notified in advance of their pending renewal requirements.
6.2 The Annual Dues for each level of membership are due to the Treasurer no later than 365 days after the member has last paid dues to the club. An exception to this shall be the dues of persons who have filed with the Membership Committee for an approved leave of absence or an approved delay of remittance of dues for cause. The dues are set annually with the adoption by majority vote of the new Handbook for the year.
6.3 An honor system will be in place, allowing anyone to join the club for any fraction of the dues, without being questioned on their hardship status. Financial burden shall not prevent someone from joining the club if found to be otherwise qualified.
7. Privileges
7.1 Members will be given all privileges outlined in the most current edition of the Membership Handbook. This will include the ability to propose changes to this handbook and the Bylaws.
7.2 Sponsor Members are permitted to:
a. Advertise their membership with the VDCSC to their targets markets.
b. Participate in activities of the organization.
c. Make recommendations to the organization via letters to the Executive Board.
8. Lapsed Memberships
8.1 Any member who does not renew membership before the expiration of the membership period will no longer be considered to meet the Good Standing Clause.
9. Membership Termination
9.1 Membership in the VDCSC is a privilege. This privilege can be revoked for conduct that is deemed harmful to the organization.
9.2 Any member may voluntarily resign their membership at any time. Members who resign are eligible for return to the VDCSC at any time by paying their dues and updating their information.
9.3 Any member can request that another member be reviewed for potential disciplinary action, up to the termination of their membership. Such a request must be submitted in writing to the Membership Committee Chair. The Chair then has a period of no more than 72 hours to inform the President or Acting President of the VDCSC of the request.
9.4 The President then appoints a Special Committee for Review. This Committee is tasked with the investigation of the request and all parties involved. In a timely and efficient manner, the Committee presents their findings to the President in writing. The President will then decide if the findings require a Special Meeting or can wait for presentation to the membership at the next Regular Stated Meeting.
9.5 At the time the findings are presented to the membership, a motion for the recommended disciplinary action is needed. A seconding of the motion is required and the motion must pass by a two-thirds majority vote of the voters present. It is the right of the accused member to address the membership in their own defense prior to the presentation of motions for disciplinary action(s).
9.6 Once passed, the execution of disciplinary action(s) is delegated to the President, who then carries out the action(s) prescribed.
1. Voting in Meetings
1.1 The method for voting on items before the General Membership is set by the Presiding Officer at the time the vote is called for. The methods available to the Presiding Officer are: voice vote, show of hands and open, signed ballot. All votes of the membership on endorsements or resolutions are by open, signed ballot and pass with a majority of those present and voting.
1.2 The total of the votes/ballots cast may be closed at the discretion of the Presiding Officer. Should the Presiding Officer deem it necessary to place a matter being voted on into an 'on-call' status, they may do so provided the matter is closed and the votes/ballots certified before the end of the meeting.
1.3 A majority vote of the General Membership may close the balloting regardless of the will of the Presiding Officer, provided this is moved and seconded. Additionally, a motion, second and majority vote made prior to the closing of voting/balloting on any matter to place the matter 'on-call' with the same requirement for completion before the close of the meeting.
2. Voting in the Annual Election of Officers
2.1 All votes of the membership carried out in regard to the Annual Election of Officers, are by ballot. The Annual Election Committee is tasked with the counting and certification of these votes.
3. Voting
3.1 A 'voting member' is a member who qualifies for a vote by meeting the Good Standing Clause, at the time of the vote or vote deadline.
4. Challenged Votes
4.1 In cases where a member is suspected of having voted on an issue or ballot without having met the Good Standing Clause, their vote or ballot is classified as 'Challenged'. Challenged vote or ballots are not initially tallied.
4.2 In cases where challenged votes or ballots could not have possibly made an impact on the outcome of the overall results of the vote or election, it falls to the member whose vote/ballot was challenged to prove that they were qualified to vote at the time of their attempt to do so and the presiding officer certifies the outcome without tallying these votes/ballots.
4.3 In cases where challenged votes or ballots could have made the difference in the outcome of the vote or election, a Special Committee for Review is formed by the President to investigate the legitimacy of the votes/ballots challenged. Challenged votes/ballots proven to have been valid will be counted. Challenged votes/ballots proven to have been invalid will not count. Once the tally of the vote/election has been added to the tally of proven valid votes/ballots, the Special Committee for Review shall provide their findings to the President or presiding officer at the next stated meeting of the membership and there will be a vote of the membership to certify the same.
1. Meetings
1.1 The Regular Stated Meeting of the membership is held monthly. A minimum of five (5) voting members is required to qualify the presence of a quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the President/presiding officer is granted permission to suspend part or the entire meeting. Votes on any issues are postponed in the absence of a quorum.
1.2 Regular Stated Meetings adhere to a standard order of business. The approval/disapproval of an agenda is not permitted in order to ensure that a time exists for the membership to present new items of business before the club from the floor of these meetings.
1.3 The standard order of business for the General Membership meetings is:
Opening Ceremonies
Roll Call of Members
Previous Minutes Consideration
Reports (President, Officers, Committee Chairs)
Business (Old Business, New Business)
1.4 Regular Stated Meetings may be cancelled by a simple majority vote of the membership at the meeting immediately prior to the one considered for cancellation. Immediately following such a vote is a vote to consider the scheduling of a Special Meeting to replace the time lost by the cancellation of the Regular Stated Meeting.
1.5 Committee meetings occur in accordance with the guidance of the Committee Chair. Standing committees meet a minimum of once a quarter and special committees meet frequently enough to allow for adequate time to effectively accomplish its assignment(s) by its deadlines. A quorum for these meetings shall be that of those present and voting.
1.6 Special Meetings shall occur under the following circumstances:
a. When called by the President or Acting President.
b. When requested by any member in writing for any reason found by the President or Acting President to be valid.
c. When voted by the Membership to occur for the replacement of a cancelled Regular Stated Meeting.
1.7 Special Meetings must meet the same requirements of Regular Stated Meetings.
2. Notice of Meetings
2.1 All members eligible to attend a meeting shall be informed of that meeting's occurrence a minimum of 24 hours prior to the same. All meeting notices must contain information pertaining to the time and place of the meeting, the purpose of the meeting and any needs from potential attendees.
3. Rules of Meetings
3.1 The VDCSC may consult the Newly Revised Robert's Rules of Order as a reference for the conducting of the meetings in an organized manner.
4. Activities
4.1 Activities outside of the Regular Stated or Special Meetings are encouraged where they are found to be appropriate, in agreement with the furthering or maintaining of the mission of the VDCSC, and when approved by the Social committee.
ARTICLE THREE
1. Officers of the VDCSC
1.1 The VDCSC will have the following officers:
a. President
b. 1st Vice President
c. 2nd Vice President
d. Treasurer
e. Recorder
f. Sergeant At Arms
g. Legal Officer
h. Alternate Central Committee Liaison
i. Immediate Past President
1.2 With the exception of the Immediate Past President, these officers are elected during the Annual Election of Officers for a term of office lasting one (1) year, from January 1st to December 31st. They are elected by simple majority vote in a ballot voting process. Their specific powers and privileges are outlined in the most current edition of the Officer Handbook.
1.3 The Immediate Past President is an officer position automatically bestowed on the person who served as the President of the Club for the past term.
a. In cases where the person who was President for the last term and the President for the current term is the same person, this position is not filled by anyone.
b. The Immediate Past President is permitted to vote during the meetings of the Executive Board and as a member of the club.
c. The Immediate Past President is not permitted any of these privileges if they do not meet the Good Standing Clause.
1.4 Additionally, each Chair of the club's committees will be considered an officer of the club. These officers are appointed by the President at the first meeting of the club in the new term of office.
1.5 Each Committee will have the following appointed officers:
a. Chair
b. Vice Chair
c. Recorder
1.6 The following positions can only be fulfilled by Veterans:
a. Elected President
b. Acting President
c. Interim President
d. 1st Vice President
e. 2nd Vice President
f. Interim 1st/2nd Vice President
1.7 Interim Officers are officers fulfilling a position normally occupied by an elected member but without having been elected in the Annual Election of Officers. These are normally members who were appointed by the President to fill a vacancy. They are entitled to all powers afforded the elected officer once appointed.
1.8 Presiding Officers are those who are currently acting as the President or Chair during the meetings, as needed.
1.9 Acting President is a member who is serving as the President in place of the elected President either at the request of the same or in the absence thereof. Acting President is a temporary situation where the powers of the President transfer to the person acting as President until they are taken back by the elected President or they are removed permanently from the President.
1.10 Should the office of President be vacated, the 1st Vice President becomes the Interim President and appoints another member to the position of Interim 1st Vice President.
1.11 Should the President be considered for removal from office; the 1st Vice President becomes Acting President during the Special Committee for Review's Investigation. Once the Membership votes to approve the removal of the President, succession takes place as outlined above.
1.12 Democratic Party of Sacramento County's Central Committee. This person will be given all the same powers of an elected or ex-officio member of the Central Committee and will have full rights to perform their duties in this capacity as they feel are fitting to both themselves and the DemVets. This Club Representative shall have an alternate, as is required by the DPSC bylaws. This alternate shall be elected during the same annual election as the other officers of the club.
2. The Executive Board
2.1 This committee consists of all of the elected officers, appointed officers and immediate past President. It is a planning committee that meets at least monthly for the purposes of planning the next month's agenda, processing of any resolution proposals, and the management of the overall function of the DemVets. This committee does not introduce any specific resolutions or other official decisions for the VDCSC, while it may become involved in vetting the language of such proposals for final approval by the membership.
3. Standing Committees
3.1 Standing Committees serve in their assigned capacities to handle specific elements of the VDCSC. They meet a minimum of once per quarter and consist of a minimum of 5 regular members including the officers.
3.2 The following standing committees exist within the VDCSC for the purposes stated below:
a. Membership Committee
This committee is tasked with the handling of all of the new membership applications, member specific issues, the planning and execution of all activities of the VDCSC, maintaining morale through social activities, and other tasks as assigned in this Bylaws, or by the Executive Board.
b. Campaign Services Committee
This committee will handle the endorsement process, questionnaire formation and all other aspects of screening candidates and issues for endorsement consideration by the Membership. Additionally, it will handle the different services made available to candidates who have been endorsed by the VDCSC, and the coordination of DemVets volunteer efforts for the campaigns of each candidate endorsed. It will also handle all other tasks as assigned in this Bylaws, or by the Executive Board.
c. Fundraising Committee
This committee is tasked with the planning of events for fundraising purposes, and management of the fundraising plan. It will also handle all other tasks as assigned in this Bylaws, or by the Executive Board.
d. Communications Committee
This committee is tasked with the communications and messaging of the club to include media, social media, online content, and internal and external communications. It will also handle all other tasks as assigned in this Bylaws, or by the Executive Board. The 2nd Vice President chairs this committee.
e. Legislation Committee
This committee is tasked with the monitoring of all different forms of legislation coming before the different bodies of Government of Sacramento County. It keeps the club informed on the legislation, provides an analysis of the language, and recommends to the club pro or anti positions for the club to then vote on. It will also handle all other tasks as assigned in this Bylaws, or by the Executive Board. The Legal Officer chairs this committee.
f. Advocacy Committee
This committee is tasked with the tracking of all elected officials' actions and endorsed candidates actions while in office, lobbying of the different bodies of government within the county, and advocacy for Veterans and Veterans Organizations. It will also handle all other tasks as assigned in this Bylaws, or by the Executive Board. The 1st Vice President chairs this committee.
4. Ad Hoc Committees
4.1 The President can create Ad Hoc Committees when such action is recommended for the handling of an issue or task. Ad Hoc Committees should not exceed a size of 5 members including the officers.
4.2 Ad Hoc Committees may be created through the majority vote of the membership during meetings. In this instance, the President would then create the committee through the appointment of a Chair.
5. Special Committees for Review
5.1 This committee shall be created and tasked with a specific matter to be reviewed by way of investigation for determination of possible disciplinary or negative action on the part of the membership.
5.2 It will be chaired by the Legal Officer and will have a Vice Chair representing the plaintiff and a Vice Chair representing the defendant. These Vice Chairs will be tasked with a respective side of the investigation and will present their findings to the Committee at the time they are deemed due.
5.3 These three shall not have a vote in the finalization of the findings. Instead, five (5) members shall be appointed to this committee to serve as a jury for deliberation of evidence presented by both sides of the investigation. Two (2) of these five (5) shall be appointed by one Vice Chair, and the other Vice Chair shall also appoint two (2). The Chair appoints the remaining member.
5.4 Findings are to be voted on by the five (5) members and only a simple majority is required to approve findings in favor of either side of the investigation. Members may not abstain from voting on the findings being considered.
5.5 Upon presentation of their findings to the membership, the specific Special Committee for Review formed for that issue ceases to exist.
6. Committees
6.1 All committees shall have a Chair appointed by the President or Acting President. This Chair is tasked with the appointment of the committee officers. At a minimum, the Chair shall select a Vice Chair and a Recorder.
1. Annual Election of Officers
1.1 The Annual Election of Officers shall be the process through which the elected officers are chosen for the next term. The process is conducted as follows:
a. Nominations are opened from the September meeting to the November meeting. During this time, the different members of the club who are eligible for the specific offices may be nominated for them. Members may self-nominate. Nominations are made from the floor. For nomination to be official, the nomination must be accepted and then seconded.
b. Once the period for nomination has closed, the option for the membership to hear from candidates in opposed elections in a question and answer style forum should be provided.
c. Notice of the upcoming election meeting must be made seven days prior to the meeting occurring. The Annual Election of Officers is held during the November Regular Stated Meeting.
d. All members of the club who wish to vote in this election must be present for the meeting to do so. During this meeting, the Legal Officer presides over the election process of the President, then allows the current President to resume presiding.
e. Once all ballots have been cast, the President then certifies the vote and the new officers are elected.
f. Each specific office and the tally of votes for the candidates running for them are considered independently for certification. The winner of the election for each specific office is the candidate that received at least one (1) more vote than any of the other candidates in the same race. In cases where a tie is present, the race is certified as requiring special election. Only the candidates that tied for the victory in said race are eligible for the Special election. This special election takes place during the December Regular Stated Meeting.
g. Special elections are held on the floor of the same membership meeting that the certified election results are presented. Only those candidates who are deemed by the certified results to have tied for victory for office are voted on. Each race for a specific office certified as requiring special election is considered separately. Candidates will each have one (1) minute to present their request for votes. Immediately after this concludes, the membership proceeds to elect one of the candidates for office. The President or presiding officer upon its completion certifies the vote and this serves as the final outcome of the race being considered.
h. A transitional meeting between the outgoing and incoming officer for each position takes place no later than December 31st. This can be accomplished by any means agreed upon.
i. All officers begin their terms effective midnight January 1st and are entitled to the full powers and privileges from that point to the end of their terms.
j. A Ceremonial Installment of the Officers may take place during the next Regular Stated Meeting of the membership. All officers may take the following oath:
"I promise to fulfill the duties of my office in the Veterans Democratic Club of Sacramento County in a manner that strives to bring honor upon all that I serve herein."
k. The President then announces the appointments to fill all of the appointed officer positions and any elected officer positions left vacant by lack of a candidate.
l. All appointed Chairs appoint their committee officers no later then January 31st. These appointments are presented in the next report of their committee.
2. Appointment of Replacement Officers
2.1 If an elected or appointed position, other than that of President, becomes vacant at any time; the President is permitted to immediately appoint someone to fulfill that office as an Interim Officer for the remainder of the term.
2.2 If the position of President becomes vacant at any time, the 1st Vice President succeeds to the position of Interim President.
3. Removal of Committee Officers and Members
3.1 If, for purposes deemed just and right by a Special Committee for Review, the removal of an officer or member of a committee is required, the Chair of that committee dismisses the committee officer or member in question.
3.2 Committee Chairs also have the ability to request from the membership during a meeting, a vote of 'No Confidence' in a committee officer or member. 3.3 Should that vote pass, the Chair may dismiss them from the committee, without any further action against them.
3.4 In cases where it is the opinion of the President or Presiding Officer that more disciplinary action is necessary or the decision to remove the member in question may not be just, a Special Committee for Review is created. The President gives a deadline for the matter to be settled and the member continues to serve in their position until the findings of the Special Committee for Review are presented for approval to the membership.
4. Removal of Committee Chairs
4.1 If, for purposes deemed just and right by a Special Committee for Review, the removal of a Chair of a committee is required, the President dismisses the Chair in question.
4.2 Members will be permitted the right to request a vote of 'No Confidence' in committee Chairs. Should that vote pass, the President may dismiss the Chair from the committee, without any further action against them.
5. Removal of Elected Officers
5.1 If, for purposes deemed just and right by a Special Committee for Review, the removal of an Elected Officer, other than the President, is required, the President dismisses the elected officer in question.
5.2 Members will be permitted the right to request a vote of 'No Confidence' in Elected Officers. Should that vote pass; the President offers the Elected Officer the chance to resign without further action against them. Should the Elected Officer decline to resign, the President creates a Special Committee for Review to investigate the matter behind the vote of no confidence. The President gives a deadline for the matter to be settled and the Elected Officer continues to serve in their position until the findings of the Special Committee for Review are presented for approval to the membership.
5.3 Members are permitted the right to request a vote of 'No Confidence' in the President. If seconded, the President shall step aside and allow the 1st Vice President to serve as presiding officer. If the 1st Vice President is not present, the 2nd Vice President becomes the presiding officer. If none of these are present, another elected officer becomes the presiding officer and the vote is presented to the floor. Should that vote pass; the 1st Vice President or presiding officer offers the President the chance to resign without further action against them. Should the President decline to resign, the 1st Vice President or presiding officer creates a Special Committee for Review to investigate the matter behind the vote of no confidence. The 1st Vice President or presiding officer gives a deadline for the matter to be settled and the President continues to serve until the findings of the Special Committee for Review are presented for approval to the Membership.
ARTICLE FOUR
1. Resolutions
1.1 Resolutions of the VDCSC are handled in a manner that works to accurately reflect their different positions on political and veteran issues.
1.2 Resolutions shall have the following stages:
a. Resolution Proposal- A resolution in the original format of its proposal from a member to the floor of the membership. This may be as simple as a letter to the membership requesting a resolution be drafted to cover a certain subject or subjects.
b. Resolution Draft- a resolution whose language is being drafted by the Executive Board, using proper resolution format as defined by the President.
c. Resolution Final- A resolution that has been finalized by the Executive Board and is going before the membership for approval by majority vote.
d. Resolution- A final, approved by the membership as written, Resolution of the VDCSC. This is the only version of the Resolution for publication outside of the VDCSC.
2. Executive Directives
2.1 The President or Acting President is permitted to (in circumstances where time is of the essence and the consulting of the VDCSC and its bodies is not available prior to making a decision or taking an action) make a decision or take action under an Executive Directive.
2.2 An Executive Directive is defined as a letter to the membership from the President or Acting President who made the decision or took the action, presenting their action(s) or decision(s) and explaining them.
2.3 Executive Directives are due to the membership by their next meeting and care should be taken to ensure they are voted on at the same meeting. Executive Directives require the approval of the membership as having been justified and in good faith. Exception: Executive Directives can be found to have been unjustified, but in good faith. Executive Directives found to be unjustified and not in good faith shall result in a vote of 'No Confidence' in the President or Acting President. Appropriate action as outlined in previous sections shall occur in response to the outcome of that vote.
2.4 A President or Acting President shall take great care as to not over-exercise the use of Executive Directives and to regard them as a tool for making decisions in the unavoidable absence of the membership. Delaying of decision(s) or action(s) until the next meeting of the membership shall be done as often as possible. Whenever a delay until the next regular stated meeting of the membership is deemed impossible, but the option of calling a Special Meeting is present, this option shall be exercised prior to the use of Executive Directives.
3. Endorsement
3.1 The VDCSC participates in the politics of the area by offering an endorsement process for the different candidates and ballot measures being considered during special and regularly scheduled elections.
3.2 The Chair of the Campaign Services Committee outlines the specific process for obtaining approval for consideration by the membership for endorsement. This process will include the questionnaire formation, a vetting process for candidates, the research of either side of ballot measures, and the impact of the endorsement/lack of endorsement to the VDCSC.
3.3 The vetting process is done in an efficient manner, and eliminates any candidates determined by the process to be in contradiction to themselves, to be without sound mind, to be without proper credentials (i.e. past history that would directly demean the office they are running for), and/or to be otherwise in opposition to the causes of the VDCSC and/or the Democratic Party. This process also ensures that the candidate for endorsement is registered as a Democrat. Candidates that are recommended for approval to move forward or for elimination from the process are voted on by simple majority vote of the committee.
3.4 The committee is tasked with the presentation of the endorsement portion of the meeting of the membership where the endorsement(s) is/are considered. This includes the process through which candidates are allowed to speak; presenters are allowed to speak on ballot measures; members are allowed to ask questions of the candidates/presenters; and the final preparation of the ballot for the endorsement(s) being considered during that meeting.
3.5 All questions by those properly participating in the endorsement portion of the meeting are presented to the candidates/presenters regardless of the nature of the question. Only questions that duplicate previous questions may be eliminated. Questions will be asked in the order in which they are turned in. Should time allow, the Chair of the Campaign Services Committee (who serves as the Moderator for these portions of the meetings) should strive to make it through all of the different questions submitted.
3.7 The membership votes by ballot and the Chair of the Campaign Services Committee tallies these votes. The final results of the vote are presented to the President for certification and the Recorder for announcement to the membership as certified results.
3.8 No endorsement shall be given to any member of any other party. In cases where multiple Democrats are running against each other for the same position, only one shall be granted endorsement by the VDCSC.
3.9 No person who is found to have made a personal endorsement of any kind in a race is permitted to participate in the endorsement process for that race prior to the presentation of the race to the membership for endorsement consideration. Members having personally endorsed in a race(s) will not be permitted to participate on the Campaign Services Committee during their vetting process for the respective race(s) where such personal endorsement is present.
1. Amendment of The Bylaws
1.1 Any member may propose an amendment to this Bylaws. Such amendment proposals go through the following process:
a. The amendment is proposed on the floor of a membership meeting. A vote is taken on the amendment proposal to be approved for proceeding through this process.
b. The amendment proposal is given to the Resolutions Committee, who drafts the final language of the amendment proposal and approves the same through a process outlined by the Chair of that Committee. This process carefully ensures that the final language of the amendment does not place the amendment in contradiction to the rest of this document.
c. The approved amendment draft becomes an amendment upon the approval of no less than two-thirds of the members present for the vote and meeting the Good Standing Clause PLUS the total of At Large Members meeting the Good Standing Clause who voted in the current amendment vote by mail.
1.2 Care shall be taken to not approve amendments that unnecessarily redirect the VDCSC away from its original mission. Amendments of similar nature may not be proposed more than once in a six-month period of time. More than one amendment may be considered at a time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Rural Assembly
Everywhere Radio: New voices and new questions
The podcast returns for third season of stories that explore why rural leaders do what they do — and how they keep going in the face of conflict, says host Whitney Kimball Coe
By Whitney Kimball Coe
Everywhere Radio spotlights everyday rural leaders and their allies as they work to build more inclusive and just communities. This podcast emerged from the depths of a pandemic, when we didn't know how we'd gather again to swap stories and break bread. It became important to find another way to share and encourage one another. Everywhere Radio became that laboratory for seeing and understanding the many forms rural leadership takes across the country in the midst of pandemic and polarization. What we've learned is that it looks like many things, but it especially looks like women, young people, queer people, Black, and brown people holding the line, sometimes quietly, sometimes with a megaphone.
Everywhere Radio returns this season with new voices and new questions. We want to ask rural leaders why they do what they do and how they keep going in the face of conflict: How do you stay in relationship with your neighbors despite differences? What inner resources are you drawing upon to keep showing up when the work gets hard? What are you learning along the way about yourself, your community, and the future you envision? Why does rural America matter to the future of our democracy? These are questions so many of us are grappling with at a visceral level, within our families and our local communities, especially.
Explore all the podcast episodes
We know that the answers become clearer when we engage them through our own stories, our lived experiences, drawing upon our proximity to people and places. Our "why" and "how" are necessarily bound up in the people and places that are most real to us: Our first guest this season, writer and historian Lyndsie Bourgon, wanted to know more about how tree poaching affects forests like the one in her front yard. Her research led her to stories about our human quest for dignity and identity in the face of displacement and poverty. Another guest in a coming episode, Tim Lampkin, founder of Higher Purpose Co. in rural Mississippi, declares that the future he's seeking for his home state is one where all Mississippians are "healed, whole, and happy."
These leaders, and others we'll be interviewing this season, locate their "why" and "how" just outside their front door.
We hope you'll join us for every episode of this season of Everywhere Radio. If it's helpful for you and speaks to your journey through the highs and lows of rural life, let us know. If there are rural rockstars in your backyard whom we ought to interview, let us know.
Thanks for listening, learning, and walking alongside us.
Whitney Kimball Coe is the director of National Programs at the Center for Rural Strategies. In that role, she leads the Rural Assembly, a nationwide movement striving to build better policy and more opportunity for rural communities across the country. As an organizer, speaker, moderator, and writer, Whitney has shared her perspectives on community and civic courage with audiences around the world. She has been featured on stage at the Aspen Ideas Festival and the inaugural Obama Foundation Summit, and as a guest on the radio program On Being with Krista Tippett.
Explore the podcasts
Advocacy: Opportunity Round Up
A roundup of rural-centric opportunities for organizations and individuals, curated by The Rural Assembly. Have something to share? Let us know.
Watch Connecting Our Heartlands
Watch Connecting Our Heartlands: Toward an Inclusive American Creed, a virtual event that combines photography and civic discussion to explore what we can learn about citizen power from rural young adults.
Thank you, 2022 partners and friends!
As the Rural Assembly looks back over 2022, our hearts are full of gratitude for the many friends, partners, and courageous community leaders who participated in helping us carry out our mission to build a more inclusive and just nation.


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Environmental Activism News
EU sanctions no 'silver bullet' against Myanmar's illegal timber trade, experts say
by Sheryl Lee Tian Tong 22 July 2021
The European Union has imposed new sanctions on a state-owned timber enterprise in Myanmar following the coup in February, as part of an international effort targeting businesses whose profits are…
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Former dam executive found guilty in the killing of Berta Cáceres
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The alleged mastermind of the 2016 killing of environmental and Indigenous rights activist Berta Cáceres was convicted of homicide by a Honduran court on Monday. Roberto David Castillo Mejía, the…
Exhibition showcases Claudia Andujar's half-century fight for the Yanomami
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The renowned photographer endured the Nazi occupation. Settling in Brazil, she fought for the founding of the Yanomami Indigenous Territory, long under attack by illegal miners. A new photo exhibition celebrates her life and the Yanomami people.
Rights groups demand end to Cambodia's persecution of green activists
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Calls for independent probe after anti-mine Indonesian official dies
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Outrage as Cambodian court convicts activists for inciting 'social chaos'
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PHNOM PENH, Cambodia — In a move that has prompted outrage in Cambodia and beyond, the Phnom Penh Municipal Court on May 5 sentenced five activists from the environmental group…
Rallying the public to save Bolivia's forests: Q&A with Gina Méndez
by Rhett A. Butler 14 May 2021
After Brazil, the South American country that lost the greatest area of primary forest over the past twenty years is Bolivia. The land-locked nation has seen its diverse forests rapidly…
Criticizing Brazil over Amazon conservation will likely backfire (commentary)
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The climate and environmental crisis the world has long been experiencing is embedded in concern for future generations. But research shows that consequences are already affecting the world's population and…
Environmental art initiative aims to help paint a better future for Southeast Asia
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Creativity is vital for the development of innovative solutions to conservation conundrums. The daunting challenges of restoring ecosystems, curbing biodiversity loss and halting deforestation require a continuous stream of new…
Illegal coal mine tunnels threaten a Sumatran village
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SAWAHLUNTO, Indonesia — Manap says he's worried about his garden. What he thought would be a nice retirement project after years of working in coal mines is quickly turning into…
"Activism gives you hope": Q&A with Wallace Global Fund's Ellen Dorsey
by Rhett A. Butler 6 April 2021
The Wallace Global Fund's Ellen Dorsey says philanthropic foundations need to do more, including divesting from fossil fuels and focusing less on building their own endowments.
Helping Papuans protect Indonesia's last frontier: Q&A with Bustar Maitar
With much of the accessible lowland primary forests in Sumatra and Borneo cleared and converted for agriculture and industrial plantations, the Indonesian half of New Guinea is the last stand…
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Experts see sustainable small-scale cultivation of endemic fruits, nuts and vegetables by traditional communities as a way to value and save Cerrado ecosystems, while also supporting some of the biome's best defenders.
81 Indigenous leaders, environmental defenders slam BlackRock in open letter
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A group of 81 Indigenous leaders and environmental defenders from across the world have signed an open letter to BlackRock, saying the fund manager's investments "continue to threaten our health,…
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Myanmar's environmental record was weak but improving. Then came the coup
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It started with the water changing color. Soon after that, the fish began to die. When the villagers bathed, they became itchy and covered in sores like an allergic reaction.…
Hope blooms for an 'extinct' Sri Lankan tree that reemerged under threat
by Malaka Rodrigo 18 March 2021
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JBS, other Brazil meatpackers linked to devastating Pantanal fires, Greenpeace says
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Organizations aim to block funds for East African oil pipeline
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Cambodian environmental activists reportedly arrested
by Mongabay 5 February 2021
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Award-winning Thai community continues the fight to save its wetland forest
by Carolyn Cowan 11 January 2021
Srongpol Chantharueang remembers his parents telling him as a boy always to protect the local wetland forest when he grew up. They told him that the ecosystem would be important…
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High torque motor for long life and deep cutting capacity, deep cutting capacity removes more material in a single pass, lock on button for added convenience during extended use, chamfering groove for decorative edging, front depth adjustment handle, 4 solid reversible HSS blades, 10 positive stops for accurate and precise material removal, vacuum dust adapter provides connection port for vacuum. Specs: 16,500RPM, 5/64" deep cutting capacity, 5/16" rabbeting depth capacity. Includes: planer, (4) reversible HSS blades, edge guide, dust bag, vacuum adapter, hex wrench, user's guide, kit box. Motor provides a smooth, even finish in the hardest of woods with resharpenable high speed steel blades also accepts reversible carbide blades, calibrated depth adjustment knob. Precision machined front and back aluminum shoes with groove in front shoe, kickstand, poly-V drive belt, ergonomic handle. Specs: 17,000 rpm no load speed, 1.5mm/1/16" depth of cut, 3-1/4" planning width, 23/64" rabbeting depth, weighs 6.0 lbs. Includes: (2) resharpenable high-speed steel blades (installed), (1) rabbeting fence, (1) blade depth setting gage, (1) blade resharpening tool and (1) socket wrench. High power-to-weight ratio, two-blade cutter head, equipped with double edge carbide blades, easy blade setting system, machined aluminum base, rigid die-cast aluminum housing with all ball bearing construction,machined aluminum and balanced planer drum, lock on button, depth adjustment knob with easy to read scale, rubberized front and rear handles, spring-loaded stand, poly-v belt, double insulated. Specs: 3-1/4" planing width, 3/32" planing depth, no load RPM 17,000, size (LxWxH) 11-1/4"x6-1/4"x6-1/8", weighs 5.7lbs. Includes: blade gauge assembly, wrench, guide rule, blade set, tool case.


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Keeping Your Head Up is een nummer van de Britse zangeres Birdy uit 2016. Het is de eerste single van haar derde studioalbum Beautiful Lies.

Het nummer werd in Europa een klein hitje. In het Verenigd Koninkrijk had het niet zoveel succes met een 57e positie. In Nederland bleef het steken op nummer 2 in de Tipparade, en in de Vlaamse Ultratop 50 haalde het de 57e positie.

Single uit 2016
Nummer van Birdy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Though not as prevalent as in California, Texas earthquakes have plagued the state over various times in history. Though most major earthquakes remain in Texas' past, even today, the earth still trembles in parts of the state. Knowing your chances of feeling a tremor and what to do in the event of one will help you to be ready if you experience one.
Earthquakes occur from a rapid slippage of earth on either side of fault lines. The land may move down along the fault or push parallel to the fault. Generally, for this to happen, the fault itself needs to be under stress. The movement during the earthquake alleviates the stress on the fault for a while, until it builds up and the next earthquake occurs.
Texas has a highly dynamic geology that includes the rise and fall of mountain ranges over the course of millions of years. The Texas Hill Country lies beneath an ancient mountain range that once included active volcanoes. Perhaps the most obvious piece of Texas geology that attests to earthquakes in the state is the system of fault lines that run from northeast to southwest along the eastern boundary of the Hill Country. The most well-known of these is the Balcones Fault. To the west, the land is uplifted, while the Gulf Coast sinks to the east. This fault, though it experienced ancient earthquakes, is considered geologically inactive today. Other faults exist near El Paso, Dallas, and even in Houston. Though the majority of these faults have not shown recent activity beyond slow slippage, some shaking near the Dallas area and El Paso have prompted scientists to take another look at the faults in these areas to see if they are under stress and pose a hazard of future earthquakes.


Based on a pre-defined weighted trend formula for chart analysis, FBJNCX scored -70 on a scale from -100 (strong downtrend) to +100 (strong uptrend).
Want to analyze FT 7300: TARGET TRIAD 2Q '18 - TERM 7/9/19 FBJNCX or another symbol? Try our Free Mutual Trend Analysis Report.


Twitter is set to launch an advertising platform that will include the insertion of Promoted Tweets into your search results and eventually into your main stream. Here are a few takes on the new ads.
Twitter will algorithmically assign the most effective ads to your stream. This targeting will be based on what you Tweet about, who you follow and the general gestalt of your realtime Twitter existence.
That could prove to be upsetting. I know it will in my case. I'm going to be expecting a series of Promoted Tweets from Axe Body Spray, Vans, Quiksilver, and Justin Bieber's record label. Instead I'll probably be getting Tweeted at by Cialis, Metamucil and Rogaine.
I've run two search sites (Rollyo and Addictomatic) and I've learned that the more advanced the search tool, the less often users will click on ads. My hunch is that most people who use Twitter for search are fairly advanced searchers. More importantly, I'd guess a huge percentage of Twitter queries are ego or brand searches — maybe I'm projecting here, but that's seems to be the most obvious use case. And people who search for their own names or to track their own brands only care about one thing. They won't even see the Promoted Tweets. I think the effectiveness of these sponsorships will increase dramatically once they appear in your main stream.
Update: Twitter announced they're doing about 600 million searches a day (many automated via bots). So obviously there's dough to be made. I just feel the in-stream stuff will be bigger.
The intrusion of ads into my stream seems like a fairly small issue overall. I'm used to having my personal life interrupted by branded content from commercials on TV, to billboards on the bus my son and I ride to school, to Facebook and Gmail ads next to my personal correspondence. On its own, I'm not sure the Twitter ad plan will make that big a dent in a world that is already so heavily sponsored.
But I do think that these Tweets from entities to which you're not directly related are part of a broader trend that is worth considering. The walls that have naturally formed between different aspects of our lives have been obliterated by the unified stream. I read a relatively personal message from my wife in the same stream of content where I read about Jim Carrey's breakups or CNN's latest news out of Afghanistan.
My parents and I have always been news addicts. From the time I was a teenager, my Dad has greeted me with the same series of questions: How's the market? Is it raining where you are? And what do you think about the latest news on the President? I'm pretty sure my Dad sees me as his real life version of a web portal complete with the latest updates on news, business and weather.
I love talking current events, but the experience does point to the often difficult task of drawing a clear line between what I'll call the outside world and the experiences and emotions that are directly connected to my own life.
This line was blurred long before the social web came along. But now all of these aspects of one's life — regardless of their proximity to the actual inner self of the individual — are smashed into one stream filled with personal asides, updates about important life events, global news and the latest musings from the Real Shaq. Now you can add Promoted Tweets to the mix.


Garbage disposals are possibly the most misused kitchen appliances. People often dump large amounts of waste food into them with the result that the disposals get jammed and clog the sink drain. Professional garbage disposal repair may be required to get things back in order. This is where 2 Sons Plumbing can help.
We can be trusted to assess problems with garbage disposals accurately and troubleshoot them effectively with the right repair services.
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The Growlers
Led by singer Brooks Nielsen and music director/guitarist Matt Taylor, The Growlers have forged their own twisted path on the global music scene since their founding in 2006 in Dana Point, California. They're the party band that grew into a traveling circus, spawning their own annual event (Beach Goth) and growing an international fanbase, while releasing six studio records that trace a line from garage psych ballads to edgy radio pop.
On their first three records – Are You In Or Out? (2009), Hot Tropics (2010), and Hung at Heart (2013) – The Growlers combined reverb-rich waves of vintage surf rock with the dark, slow-burn melancholy of outlaw country. Chinese Fountain (2014) introduced a new, disco-infused direction that saw them move away from their swampy roots and relocate to Los Angeles. The band teamed up with producer Julian Casablancas (and frontman of The Strokes) to make City Club (2016), infusing their sound with Casablancas' angular melodies and speaker-popping mixes. 2018 brought Casual Acquaintances, a raw collection of City Club-era demos and outtakes that – even as b-sides – ranks with the band's finest material.
Between records they toured constantly, raising their status as icons of the Los Angeles music underground, capable of drawing arena-sized crowds for their hometown shows. On their latest, self-produced record Natural Affair (2019), The Growlers move their DIY aesthetic into an even sturdier, synthier, dancier sound, bolstered by Nielsen's finest lyrics to date: social commentary, rhymes, and ruminations on the pleasures (and perils) of modern love.
The Growlers - "Who Loves the Scum?" (Official Video)
Video of The Growlers - "Who Loves the Scum?" (Official Video)
The Growlers - "Monotonia" (Official Video)
Video of The Growlers - "Monotonia" (Official Video)


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Plano de la Ciudad de Mexico
Stock# 72435
Download Small Image
American Book & Printing Company / Rand McNally & Company
Publication Place / Date
Mexico, D.F. / 1900 circa
Image Dimensions
Sell Us a Map
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All of our maps are authentic antique maps, printed or drawn on or about the date shown in the description. In rare instances when we offer facsimiles, we will specifically describe the map as a later facsimile and include the date of publication. Certificates of Authenticity are available upon request. Simply mention your desire to receive one in the Notes section at checkout.
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Last year we shipped over 4,500 antique maps to more than 50 countries. Maps are shipped Monday through Friday year-round. If an order is received before 2 PM PST, we will ship the order that day. If an order is received after that time, we will ship the next day. We ship maps either flat in custom packages or in specially ordered thick tubes. Shipping rates are provided as part of the checkout process.
Mexico City Rarity
Rare plan of the city of Mexico, jointing published by Rand McNally and the American Book & Printing Company of Mexico City.
The map uses an interesting color pattern, reminiscent of city maps printed in Mexico in the late 18th and early 19th Centuries. Public Buildings, parks and squares are identified with darker colors, with government buildings in dark red and gardens in dark green. Mercados (markets) and Estaciones de F.C. (train stations) are also shown.
The map was lithographed, on thin paper, by the American Book and Printing Co. located in Mexico City. The map includes a street directory, and map of the the Federal District of Mexico on the back.
The map is apparently unrecorded. The Harvard Map collection holds a photographic copy of a variant edition, which it dates to 1913.
Condition Description
Several minor fold splits, repaired on verso.
Rand McNally & Company Biography
Rand McNally & Co. is a large American map and navigation company best known for its annual atlases. The company got its start in 1856, when William Rand opened a print shop in Chicago. He was joined in 1858 by a new employee, Andrew McNally. Together, the men established their namesake company in 1868. Originally, the company was intended to print the tickets and timetables for the trains running to and through Chicago; their first railway guide was published in 1869.
By 1870, they had shifted from just printing to publishing directories, travel guides, and newspapers. Their first map appeared in 1872 in a railway guide. The map was produced using a new wax engraving method, a cheaper process that gave the company an edge.
By 1880 Rand McNally had entered the education market with globes, wall maps, and geography texts for students. In 1923, Rand McNally published the first Goode's World Atlas, named after its editor, Dr. J. Paul Goode. For generations afterward, this would be the standard classroom atlas.
In 1899, William Rand left the company, but McNally and his family remained, controlling the company for over a century. In 1904, they published their first road map intended for automobiles and by 1907 were publishing Photo-Auto Guides, which combined photography and mapping to help drivers. In 1924, they produced the Auto Chum, a precursor to their famous road atlases. Rand McNally would remain the leader in road maps and atlases throughout the twentieth century.
In 1937, Rand McNally opened its first store in New York City. Ever on the frontier of technology, Rand McNally pioneered the scribing process for printing tickets in 1958 and printed their first full-color road atlas in 1960. Arthur Robinson developed his now-famous projection of Rand McNally in 1969. By the 1980s, the company was exploring digital reproduction and digital databases of maps for truckers. In the 1990s, they lead the charge to develop trip-planning software and websites. Today, most of its products are available online or in a digital format, including maps for tablets and phones.
Antique Maps / North America / Mexico
Plano General de la Ciudad de Mexico. Levantado Por el Teniente Coronel Don Diego Garcia Conde en el Año de 1793. Aumentado y corregido en lo mas notable Por el Teniente Coronel retirado, Don Rafael Maria Calvo en el de 1830.
One of the Earliest Printed Maps of Mexico City Following Mexico's Independence
Price: $ 6,500.00
Scarce map of the State of Puebla in Mexico, from Antonio Garcia y Cubas' monumental Atlas Geographico, Estadistico e Historico de la Republica Mexicana, the first atlas of the Mexican Republic.
Scarce map of the State of Guanajuato in Mexico, from Garcia y Cubas' monumental Atlas Geographico, Estadistico e Historico de la Republica Mexicana.
Pictorial Map of Mexico
Rare large format version of this decorative map of Mexico, published in Mexico City.
Mapa del Distrito de Tula Levantado por el S.D. Tomas Ramon del Moral . . . 1851
Very Rare Map of Tula By Mexico's Most Important Practitioner of Scientific Mapping in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Railroad and County Map of Mexico
Highly detailed map of Mexico, from a rare early edition of Cram's Standard American Railway Atlas.


Founded in 1996, the department has been training students to provide nursing services required by the contemporary society and execute expanded nursing responsibilities.
Since 2012, the department was designated to operate a 4-year curriculum. Afterwards, it was promoted to School of Nursing in 2013, and received nursing education certification later that year from Korea Accreditation Board of Nursing.
338, Sejong-ro, Yeoju-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12652, Korea Tel 031-880-5000 Fax 031-880-5111 Copyright by yeoju institute of technology all rights reserved.


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You are here: Home / Conservation / RMEF, SAF Oppose Yellowstone Grizzly Ruling
RMEF, SAF Oppose Yellowstone Grizzly Ruling
September 26, 2018 By windedbowhunter Leave a Comment
MISSOULA, Mont.—The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation and Sportsmen's Alliance Foundation disagree with a judge's decision to vacate the delisting of the Greater Yellowstone grizzly population by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The ruling places the population back on the endangered species list.
"We are highly disappointed with this decision," said Kyle Weaver, RMEF president and CEO. "Once again we see that extreme environmental groups continue to clog up the delisting process at a time when we should be celebrating the recovery of grizzlies in the region. Scientists gathered data and population numbers that show grizzlies in the region surpassed all recovery criteria and are recovered. This ruling bolsters the case for Congress to update the Endangered Species Act."
This follows a 2007 decision by the Department of Interior (DOI) to delist Yellowstone grizzlies, a decision that was also litigated by environmental groups and overturned by the federal courts.
"Despite this ruling, the basic facts remain the same: grizzly bears in the Yellowstone area have recovered, and no longer meet the definition of threatened or endangered under the ESA and should be rightfully returned to state management," said Evan Heusinkveld, Sportsmen's Alliance Foundation president and CEO. "This ruling is just another example of why we need comprehensive reforms to the way we manage ESA-listed species in this country. We are evaluating all of our legal options to appeal this ruling."
The DOI announced the removal of Yellowstone area grizzlies, numbering more than 700, from the endangered species list in 2017 based on sound science and millions of hunter dollars spent on researching and studying the bears. Idaho and Wyoming later announced intentions to hold conservative management hunts in the fall of 2018. Those hunts will not take place.
Environmental groups claimed the grizzly population in the Yellowstone region would be decimated if delisted and placed under state management. They made the same claims for the Northern Rocky Mountain wolf population which is 200 to 400 percent above minimum recovery goals, depending on the state.
"State-based management of wildlife is a key facet of the North American Wildlife Conservation Model. That is why the most healthy and robust wildlife populations in the world are found in North America. Grizzlies, like elk, wolves, deer and all other wildlife, should be managed by the states for their overall betterment. This ruling thoroughly frustrates that process," added Weaver.
About the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation:
Founded over 30 years ago, fueled by hunters and a membership of more than 227,000 strong, RMEF has conserved more than 7.3 million acres for elk and other wildlife. RMEF also works to open and improve public access, fund and advocate for science-based resource management, and ensure the future of America's hunting heritage. Discover why "Hunting Is Conservation™" at www.rmef.org, elknetwork.com or 800-CALL ELK.
Contact Mark Holyoak, RMEF, 406-523-3481 or mholyoak@rmef.org
About the Sportsmen's Alliance:
The Sportsmen's Alliance and its Foundation protect and defend America's wildlife conservation programs and the pursuits – hunting, fishing and trapping – that generate the money to pay for them. Stay connected to Sportsmen's Alliance: Online, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Volunteer Labor for RMEF Tops $17 Million
Browning Adds Products to Support the Elk Foundation
RMEF Surpasses 7 Million Acre Conservation Milestone
Filed under: Conservation Tagged with Rocky Mountain Elk Foundataion, Sportsmen's Alliance Foundation


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The Niagara Furniture Round Back Inlaid Side Chair features great design and high quality workmanship and materials including beautifully shaped solid mahogany throughout and hand cut veneers in the inlaid center section of the back. Meticulously crafted and painstakingly finished the Round Back Inlaid Side Chairs have a super high end designer look. Made to last our round back inlaid chairs also have cross stretchers supporting the chair legs as well as a drop in seat that makes fabric changes quick and easy. A luxury designer look all at a reasonable price.
The seat measures approximately 20 inches high.