text:
Why forcing the player can be good
Across contexts, I generally abhor things that can be said to limit "user freedom", but there's a thing about psychology that frequently justifies exceptions in games: *choosing* something can have emotional strings attached apart from the thing chosen.
I once had an argument with the developer of Prismata about his decision to hide rating from players below Tier X. I argued that this was insulting to enthusiastic new players, that his fears about new players getting discouraged by seeing it were unfounded, that this just forced them to guess anyway, and that if his fears couldn't be allayed he should just make it so players had to click a button to see it. While most of my points were valid and I totally still stand by my position, the last one was fallacious.
Having the button available and *choosing* not to click would feel very different from just not having the information. Not only might this cause upset to some people who'd have to deal with the knowlegde that they were too afraid to click the button, and might think themselves pathetic (I would); but having the ability to find out so readily accessible would make the uncertainty so nagging that probably no one could resist clicking it. If I had had a better understanding of psychology at the time I would have realized this.
Another and more important example is related to turn timers:
The importance of turn timers
A third example would be enforcing diversity of playstyle. If you're making a game where the player can choose a character to play as or a faction in a real-time strategy game, if you don't do anything I expect you'll notice playtesters forming a favorite and always picking that one, to the end of not seeing a lot of what the game has to offer and skewing their balance opinions due to this stilted experience.
No one wants to *choose* to not play as their favorite. But if you were to take that control away and make the players always random races in your RTS game, you wouldn't have those problems. I expect that rather than griping about being made to play as one they don't like, they'd learn to like them all in their own way - Prismata's unit selection system absolutely had this effect on me - because a lot of having a favorite in a game where you choose comes from being more experienced with it. If you happen to have some good experiences with one in your early days you're likely to keep playing as it and it spirals into intense favoritism since nothing ever forces you to play with the others.
As a fourth example, this is a potential justification for not allowing the player to edit enemies' stats at will. While players would rarely use it because they aren't self-misunderstanding morons, having the ability be so granular and so easily accessible might harm the enjoyment of playing the game the intended way:
What if the game's designers made a mistake and a section is just poorly balanced? Almost every game has some of those, but at what point should the player draw the line and change it? I don't even necessarily mean making it easier. Maybe you want to change something to try to make some of the decisions less trivial? If you do it you won't be able to escape the nagging worry that you made the game worse and you're going to regret it later, and if you don't you won't be able to escape the nagging worry that you're missing out on a rare opportunity to exercise a power than few games give you and you're going to regret trusting those idiot designers. Even worse: it's likely that neither worry will ever be put to rest because you'll never find out for sure which choice actually makes the game better balanced.
Also, with the settings so granular, the inhibition to use them is much weaker. In a game with rigid difficulty settings you're losing a very significant pride token if you lower it, but in a game where you can freely adjust anything you'll live with the knowledge that it's impossible that the way you're playing the game is the *perfect* balance for you, and so you might be very tempted to tamper with it in an effort to make the difficulty a better fit for you.
Not to mention the issues of, "I want to play the same game everyone else did so we can discuss our shared experience, but given it's so easy to modify and there are infinite unnamed possible versions, how do I know they didn't modify it slightly?"
With a few rigid difficulty settings the settings are named, which means players can still talk about their shared experience meaningfully. But if you can arbitrarily adjust any game balance variable then difficulty names are impossible, and so it's impossible to know how your experience differed from someone else's without recounting everything you did.
I'd of course never raise this as a defense of practices like single-difficulty games and no pausing (fuck you Dark Souls), because those are about accessibility and not how the game should work while you're playing it.
Difficulty settings
Dark Souls review
Proxied content from gemini://yujiri.xyz/game-design/force.gmi
gemini://yujiri.xyz/game-design/force.gmi


Global law firm White & Case LLP has represented BlackRock Real Assets, BNP Paribas, Mizuho Bank, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and Royal Bank of Canada as senior lenders in respect of the A$211 million refinancing of Epic Energy.
"This refinancing demonstrates the strong support from the bank and institutional debt market for energy infrastructure in Australia," said White & Case partner Joel Rennie, who led the Firm's deal team. "The refinancing was unique as it comprised a multi-tranche long term debt structure which also delivered Epic Energy the ability to execute its long term business plan to develop its energy infrastructure business".
The White & Case team in Australia was led by Partner Joel Rennie who was assisted by Associates Emanuel Blum and Lachlan Barth. Allens Linklaters advised Epic Energy.


Kip S. Thorne. Famous Scientists.
Marcia Wendorf. The "Interstellar" Contributions of KipThorne[J]. Interesting Engineering, 2019.03.27.
专访基普·索恩 | 虫洞、时间旅行和其他[J]. Newton-科学世界, 2014.11.18.
Gautham Shenoy. Gravity's Poet: Kip Thorne continues to help usexplore the warped side of our universe[J]. Factor Daily, 2018.01.13.


Whether I am trying to cover dark circles, blemishes or discoloration, I good concealer is a must have in my makeup bag! I have a few favourites and the Too Faced Born This Way Concealer*(£20.00) is one of them.
Available in 10 shades, the Born This Way Concealer offers great coverage (medium to full), a skin-like finish and a beautiful creamy formula. It feels hydrating and blends into the skin easily. I like using it with my fingers, but it also works well with various brushes or a beauty blender. It lasts all day as well, which is fab, especially when I set it with a powder.
I have the shade Medium Tan which is pink toned so it's not a perfect match for me, but I still love it. I will get Tan next time with warm undertones and a little bit darker and it should be absolutely perfect.
I love how natural the Too Faced Born This Way Concealer looks on the skin and I have been using it a lot for the past 6+ months. I almost used it up and I will definitely repurchase it, just in a darker shade with a warmer tone, as I am more tanned in the Summer.
Have you tried this concealer?
Available from www.toofaced.com, Debenhams and other stockists.


But one thing is for sure: if you're looking for different results, then different actions are necessary.
Let's take growth, for example – it's typically a big one when considering goals. Personal growth, business growth, financial growth – they're all things you want.
But how do you put together a growth-focused goal with the smaller steps necessary to actually help you get there?
You can check out this post for a deep dive into how to get started with your own SMART Goal, but for example's sake we'll cover one here in this post, too.
Creating a SMART goal is important because it's what will allow you to put a plan in place you can execute on, along with a specific goal date to help hold you accountable.
Let's say your growth goal is business-related: you're looking to get more qualified leads for your business.
But getting more qualified leads for your business doesn't meet any of the SMART criteria, so you'll have to put it to the test.
Specific: Bring on paid beta members for my new marketing services package who are tech savvy business owners.
Measurable: Bring on 5 paid beta members for my new marketing services package who are tech savvy business owners.
Attainable: If I can reach out to and engage 250 qualified leads, then I know a 2% conversion (5 of 250) is attainable.
Relevant: Yes, beta testing my marketing services will help me turn this into a strong offer moving forward.
Time-bound: I will bring on 5 paid beta members for my new marketing services package who are tech savvy business owners by May 1, 2018.
Now that you have your SMART Goal set, it's time to start putting a plan in place you can execute on.
You know from reading about the importance of knowing your avatar, your niche and building a strong foundation for your business that you can't just jump from launching a website, or a blog, or a podcast, or a YouTube channel, to suddenly getting lots of qualified leads on your list that you'll automatically convert into paying customers.
So your first step, which you could think of like your first micro-goal, is to understand who this marketing services package is for, specifically.
What does this person's business look like now?
What are their biggest marketing struggles?
How will your services help them solve those struggles?
Where do they want to be in their business?
Once you know exactly who it is you want as a beta member, there are a couple of different options.
Do your own lead generation to find this person.
Automate your lead generation with a platform like LeadFuze.
Let's look at option 1 first.
Since you've already defined who it is you want as a beta member, you know who you need to find.
Now, you need to figure out where you're going to find them.
It might be on social media, in online communities, at in-person networking events, or through personal referrals.
You could also take the content marketing route and try to attract your avatar to you through providing free, valuable and consistent content. This is what we've done here at Entrepreneurs On Fire with our daily podcast.
This will take time and require hard work, so you have to patient.
Remember, this is a measurable goal, so you should always be checking in with your timeline to be sure you're on track when you start a new micro-goal.
In this example, given that you need to find 250 leads, which route will you take?
Once you've decided where you're going to find your avatar, the fun part comes into play: engaging with them!
You not only need to know your avatar is on point (meaning, the avatar your defined actually exists, you've found them, and they're interested in what you have to offer), but also that they're a good fit for you and your services.
Your next micro-goal is to have at least 10 one-on-one conversations with your avatar – offer up a free 10 minute chat, or meet up at a coffee shop to chat about what they have going on.
Now all that's left to do is rinse and repeat.
Where can you find more of your avatars?
How can you start to reach them on a one-to-many level?
This might be through building an email list and campaign that introduces your marketing services, or maybe via a live training webinar you offer.
Remember, your goal is to reach at least 250 of your avatars, so always have that part of your goal in mind.
Now that you have an overview of how you might go about doing your own lead generation, let's look at option 2: using software like LeadFuze that can help automate it.
In a nutshell, LeadFuze (that's our affiliate link) automates the heavy lifting when it comes to finding – and starting to develop a relationship with – qualified leads for your business.
How does LeadFuze do it?
Once you know who you're trying to reach (your avatar), you would put that information in LeadFuze. Let's carry our example over from option 1: say you're trying to pitch marketing services to other tech savvy business owners.
First thing you're going to do is select the industries you're interested in – let's say Computer Software and Internet Technology are two that are high on your list given your avatar.
Next, you would look at the role of the person you're trying to reach within the industries you've selected.
You can start typing in job titles yourself, or select from LeadFuze's pre-built filters. You can even use "negative keywords" to exclude certain roles from showing in your search results, which will help you dial in your targeting.
Then, you'll want to identify any other traits of your avatar you want LeadFuze to know about before it performs your search for you.
This might include something like "Employee Size" (so you can exclude companies that have more than X number of employees).
You might also think of this criteria in terms of revenue. If so, LeadFuze recommends using a simple formula for calculating estimated revenue based on the employee size: ($150,000) x (number of employees).
It's generally somewhere between $100,000 and $200,000, but as a rule of thumb the $150,000 is recommended. That said, some industries are on a whole other level, so be sure to do your due diligence before relying on this equation.
So let's say you want to work with businesses that are doing $100 million in revenue. That equates to about 660 employees. So in LeadFuze, you'd start with 500+ employees.
Based on the search criteria for those two industries, LeadFuze has found just over 16,000 leads available.
A lead is considered someone who LeadFuze has put through their double verification process, which results in single digit bounce rates. This is important since that can impact your future deliverability.
Once you assign Fuzebot, he'll do all the work of building your list for you. No more researching companies, finding contact details, and verifying information – the prospecting is all done for you.
If you're looking for different results this year than you saw last year, then different actions are necessary.
Whether you're after personal growth, business growth, financial growth, or some other type of growth, there are simple steps you can take to get there, and oftentimes platforms available that can help.
All it takes is getting started with a SMART goal and a plan.


Meditation. For something has been around for thousands of years, seems to have flourished over the past couple of years and continues too. I say that it has really flourished over the past couple of years, because it seems to have taken shape as one of the most sustainable health trends. But instead of being your typical trend that only lasts a couple of months, it sticks with people for their entire lives. So what is it about meditation that effects individuals so drastically that it changes their mindset and lifestyle?
The first written records of meditation were found in wall art in the Indus Valley. Walls that are dated from 5,000 to 3,500 BCE. This wall art, showed people sitting crossed legged, hands on their knees and eyes slightly narrowed. Which is exactly how we imagine and practice meditation today. There is also written evidence, dating back over 3,000 years ago from India that describes meditation techniques.
Something that is so dated and really quite simple, if we look at it very surface level, has lasted thousands of years. Why is that? I am no expert on the subject, but I thought I would share my point of view and share my thoughts on the matter, based on my personal experiences.
My meditation journey started in August of last year, 2017. If I remember correctly, I started (very slowly might I add) because I wanted to bring more mindfulness into my life and I was working on finding ways to manage stressful and anxiety inducing situations. What started out as a very slow and loose process, has turned into a religious part of my routine. I now meditate at least once, usually twice, a day and I swear it has changed my life. My days feel off, if I don't find the time to meditate in the morning, that's how intertwined meditation really is to my day-to-day.
For someone who is not necessarily a very spiritual person, this has been a very intense spiritual experience for me. Specifically in how it has not just changed my understanding of spirituality and what it is, but in the way that it has truly changed my mindset, the way I view myself and the world and my ability to cope with different situations.
I started taking my mediation much more seriously back in October, after a, at the time, quite horrible breakup. That kind of breakup that left you feeling empty, dark and lost. Breakups are always bad, but living together and thinking that it was going to be us taking on the world together, left me well just lost and confused, when it all came tumbling down out of no where. I was in a place where I really just need to take extra good care of myself. So I meditated every day for 5 minutes and it is the sole reason I got myself out of bed every single day.
So while my meditation journey started as a "coping mechanism" for a breakup, it's turned into a lifestyle and it has given me the greatest gift of all. This gift, is something that's really hard to put into words. It's a form of spiritual awakening in a way that is not your typical "spiritual experience". It's a sense of mindfulness. A sense of gratitude, respect and understanding. It's a gift that has had such a large impact on me personally, that I have not only noticed it physically and emotionally in myself, but that others have noticed it as well. I don't know about you, but I think that's pretty f***ing crazy. And in just 4-5 months.
What it is about meditation that has this ability to make this kinds of powerful impacts, I don't entirely know if I can describe. It needs to be experienced. Not because it's meditation, but because we are all so different, so our experiences with this won't be the same. This might sound very hoodoo-voodoo to you, and trust me, I get it. That was how I was when I started looking into and reading more about meditation.
Which leads me to the title of this blog post. Why you should meditate. You should meditate whether your going through a breakup or in a solid, steady, happy relationship or if your happily or not so happily single. You should meditate if you are spiritual or not spiritual. You should meditate if you want to look more within yourself or if you don't really know what that means. You should meditate if you struggle with stress or anxiety. You should meditate because you love yourself. You should meditate because sometimes you don't love yourself. My point being. No matter your background, where you are in your life, or your personality or perspective on the matter, you should meditate. I truly believe that everyone should at least try meditating, but only when they are ready and willing. And that doesn't mean you have to mediate, 20 minutes three times a day sitting crossed legged, hands on your knees, eyes closed and completely zen the whole time. It means that you take 5 minutes for yourself every day in whatever way works for you. Whether it be sitting, lying down or even walking. Make it personal to you, your needs and your schedule. Make your own meditation practice, instead of stressing about trying to follow someone else's.
I hope this post leaves you feeling intrigued, inspired and that you are already in the process of downloading Simple Habit or some other guided meditation app to help you get started ;).
I swear, it can be life changing. You just need to let it.


text:
Search result for 'Columnist'
Matt Lewis Wiki, Age, Married, Wife, Girlfriend, Gay, Height
Category: Celebrity Date: 05 May, 2017
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Maureen Dowd Married, Husband, Brother, Personal Life, Trump, Weed
Category: Celebrity Date: 11 Jun, 2017
Maureen Dowd is a renowned American columnist. She is a liberal writer who writes for The New York Times. Dowd, She is an established writer lucky to gain the name of a best-selling author. She entered the industry with a lot of hope to reach to a great height of success and today; she has successfully achieved that. We will tell you all about her career and her personal life in detail here.
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Todd Starnes worked as a featured columnist for Fox News... born on the 28 October as per bio...might be secretly married...but he has no wife to enjoy his success... regular articles related to homosexuals and gays...family is satisfied with the person that he has become...his respective Twitter and Instagram
Maria Bartiromo Husband, Divorce, Pregnant, Kids, Affair, Salary, Bio
Maria Bartiromo is an American magazine columnist, television journalist and author of three books. She was born on September 11, 1967, in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. She is the host of the program Mornings with Maria and is also the Global Markets editor at Fox Business Network. She also hosts the program Sunday Morning Futures with Maria Bartiromo on the Fox News Channel.
Byron York Married, Wife, Divorce, Family, Net Worth, Bio
Byron York is widely recognized as the chief political correspondent at the Washington Examiner and a contributor to Fox News. Besides that, he is also the author of books The Vast Left Wing Conspiracy: The Untold Story of the Democrats' Desperate Fight to Reclaim Power. Apart from his professional career, Byron has managed to keep the details related to his personal life under the shadow, probably because he does not want to stir up rumors.
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Grace Dent Married, Partner, Husband, Boyfriend, Dating, Divorce
Category: Celebrity Date: 12 Apr, 2018
The Key requisite for writing well about food is to have a good appetite. Despite the fact that the Journalist has not completed her education and training on cooking and culinary, Grace Dent has got a significant knowledge of depth to review food through her articles.
Is Andrew Napolitano Married? Partner, Children, Height, Family & More
Category: TV Celebrity Date: 20 Apr, 2018
Andrew Napolitano is a syndicated writer whose column appears in a publication like Fox News, Reason and The Washington Times. He is also best known for the youngest life-tenured Superior Court judge in New Jersey, being a media personality he has been able to hide his marital life. But, Is he married or not? If you are curious to know when you are in the right zone, we will provide you some details of his personal as well as professional life!
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Category: TV Celebrity Date: 14 Jan, 2019
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Summary: The report describes the results of excavations in 1981, ahead of development within the South Choir Aisle of St Giles' Cathedral, and subsequent archaeological investigations within the kirk in the 1980s and 1990s. Three main phases of activity from the 12th to the mid-16th centuries were identified, with only limited evidence for the post-Reformation period. Fragmentary evidence of earlier structural remains was recorded below extensive landscaping of the natural steep slope, in the form of a substantial clay platform constructed for the 12th-century church. The remains of a substantial ditch in the upper surface of this platform are identified as the boundary ditch of the early ecclesiastical enclosure. A total of 113 in situ burials were excavated; the earliest of these formed part of the external graveyard around the early church. In the late 14th century the church was extended to the south and east over this graveyard, and further burials and structural evidence relating to the development of the kirk until the 16th century were excavated, including evidence for substantive reconstruction of the east end of the church in the mid-15th century. Evidence for medieval slat-bottomed coffins of pine and spruce was recovered, and two iron objects, which may be ferrules from pilgrims' staffs or batons, were found in 13th/14th-century burials.


text:
#ifndef VLC_AOUT_H
#define VLC_AOUT_H 1

/**
 * \file
 * This file defines functions, structures and macros for audio output object
 */

# ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
# endif

#include "vlc_es.h"

#define AOUT_FMTS_IDENTICAL( p_first, p_second ) (                          \
    ((p_first)->i_format == (p_second)->i_format)                           \
      && AOUT_FMTS_SIMILAR(p_first, p_second) )

/* Check if i_rate == i_rate and i_channels == i_channels */
#define AOUT_FMTS_SIMILAR( p_first, p_second ) (                            \
    ((p_first)->i_rate == (p_second)->i_rate)                               \
      && ((p_first)->i_physical_channels == (p_second)->i_physical_channels)\
      && ((p_first)->i_original_channels == (p_second)->i_original_channels) )

#define VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL VLC_FOURCC('s','p','d','i')
#define VLC_CODEC_SPDIFB VLC_FOURCC('s','p','d','b')

#define AOUT_FMT_NON_LINEAR( p_format )                 \
    ( ((p_format)->i_format == VLC_CODEC_SPDIFL)       \
       || ((p_format)->i_format == VLC_CODEC_SPDIFB)   \
       || ((p_format)->i_format == VLC_CODEC_A52)       \
       || ((p_format)->i_format == VLC_CODEC_DTS) )

/* This is heavily borrowed from libmad, by Robert Leslie <rob@mars.org> */
/*
 * Fixed-point format: 0xABBBBBBB
 * A == whole part      (sign + 3 bits)
 * B == fractional part (28 bits)
 *
 * Values are signed two's complement, so the effective range is:
 * 0x80000000 to 0x7fffffff
 *       -8.0 to +7.9999999962747097015380859375
 *
 * The smallest representable value is:
 * 0x00000001 == 0.0000000037252902984619140625 (i.e. about 3.725e-9)
 *
 * 28 bits of fractional accuracy represent about
 * 8.6 digits of decimal accuracy.
 *
 * Fixed-point numbers can be added or subtracted as normal
 * integers, but multiplication requires shifting the 64-bit result
 * from 56 fractional bits back to 28 (and rounding.)
 */
typedef int32_t vlc_fixed_t;
#define FIXED32_FRACBITS 28
#define FIXED32_MIN ((vlc_fixed_t) -0x80000000L)
#define FIXED32_MAX ((vlc_fixed_t) +0x7fffffffL)
#define FIXED32_ONE ((vlc_fixed_t) 0x10000000)

/*
 * Channels descriptions
 */

/* Values available for physical and original channels */
#define AOUT_CHAN_CENTER            0x1
#define AOUT_CHAN_LEFT              0x2
#define AOUT_CHAN_RIGHT             0x4
#define AOUT_CHAN_REARCENTER        0x10
#define AOUT_CHAN_REARLEFT          0x20
#define AOUT_CHAN_REARRIGHT         0x40
#define AOUT_CHAN_MIDDLELEFT        0x100
#define AOUT_CHAN_MIDDLERIGHT       0x200
#define AOUT_CHAN_LFE               0x1000

/* Values available for original channels only */
#define AOUT_CHAN_DOLBYSTEREO       0x10000
#define AOUT_CHAN_DUALMONO          0x20000
#define AOUT_CHAN_REVERSESTEREO     0x40000

#define AOUT_CHAN_PHYSMASK          0xFFFF
#define AOUT_CHAN_MAX               9

/* Values used for the audio-device and audio-channels object variables */
#define AOUT_VAR_MONO               1
#define AOUT_VAR_STEREO             2
#define AOUT_VAR_2F2R               4
#define AOUT_VAR_3F2R               5
#define AOUT_VAR_5_1                6
#define AOUT_VAR_6_1                7
#define AOUT_VAR_7_1                8
#define AOUT_VAR_SPDIF              10

#define AOUT_VAR_CHAN_STEREO        1
#define AOUT_VAR_CHAN_RSTEREO       2
#define AOUT_VAR_CHAN_LEFT          3
#define AOUT_VAR_CHAN_RIGHT         4
#define AOUT_VAR_CHAN_DOLBYS        5

/*****************************************************************************
 * Main audio output structures
 *****************************************************************************/

#define aout_BufferFree( buffer ) block_Release( buffer )

/* Size of a frame for S/PDIF output. */
#define AOUT_SPDIF_SIZE 6144

/* Number of samples in an A/52 frame. */
#define A52_FRAME_NB 1536

/* Max input rate factor (1/4 -> 4) */
#define AOUT_MAX_INPUT_RATE (4)

/** allocation of memory in the audio output */
typedef struct aout_alloc_t
{
    bool                    b_alloc;
    int                     i_bytes_per_sec;
} aout_alloc_t;

/** audio output buffer FIFO */
struct aout_fifo_t
{
    aout_buffer_t *         p_first;
    aout_buffer_t **        pp_last;
    date_t                  end_date;
};

/* FIXME to remove once aout.h is cleaned a bit more */
#include <vlc_aout_mixer.h>
#include <vlc_block.h>

/** audio output filter */
typedef struct aout_filter_owner_sys_t aout_filter_owner_sys_t;
typedef struct aout_filter_sys_t aout_filter_sys_t;
struct aout_filter_t
{
    VLC_COMMON_MEMBERS

    module_t *              p_module;
    aout_filter_sys_t       *p_sys;

    es_format_t             fmt_in;
    es_format_t             fmt_out;

    aout_alloc_t            output_alloc;

    bool                    b_in_place;

    void                    (*pf_do_work)( aout_instance_t *, aout_filter_t *,
                                           aout_buffer_t *, aout_buffer_t * );

    /* Private structure for the owner of the filter */
    aout_filter_owner_sys_t *p_owner;
};

#define AOUT_RESAMPLING_NONE     0
#define AOUT_RESAMPLING_UP       1
#define AOUT_RESAMPLING_DOWN     2

/** an output stream for the audio output */
typedef struct aout_output_t
{
    audio_sample_format_t   output;
    /* Indicates whether the audio output is currently starving, to avoid
     * printing a 1,000 "output is starving" messages. */
    bool              b_starving;

    /* post-filters */
    filter_t *              pp_filters[AOUT_MAX_FILTERS];
    int                     i_nb_filters;

    aout_fifo_t             fifo;

    struct module_t *       p_module;
    struct aout_sys_t *     p_sys;
    void                 (* pf_play)( aout_instance_t * );
    int                  (* pf_volume_get )( aout_instance_t *, audio_volume_t * );
    int                  (* pf_volume_set )( aout_instance_t *, audio_volume_t );
    int                     i_nb_samples;

    /* Current volume for the output - it's just a placeholder, the plug-in
     * may or may not use it. */
    audio_volume_t          i_volume;

    /* If b_error == 1, there is no audio output pipeline. */
    bool              b_error;
} aout_output_t;

/** audio output thread descriptor */
struct aout_instance_t
{
    VLC_COMMON_MEMBERS

    /* Locks : please note that if you need several of these locks, it is
     * mandatory (to avoid deadlocks) to take them in the following order :
     * mixer_lock, p_input->lock, output_fifo_lock, input_fifos_lock.
     * --Meuuh */
    /* When input_fifos_lock is taken, none of the p_input->fifo structures
     * can be read or modified by a third-party thread. */
    vlc_mutex_t             input_fifos_lock;
    /* When mixer_lock is taken, all decoder threads willing to mix a
     * buffer must wait until it is released. The output pipeline cannot
     * be modified. No input stream can be added or removed. */
    vlc_mutex_t             mixer_lock;
    /* When output_fifo_lock is taken, the p_aout->output.fifo structure
     * cannot be read or written  by a third-party thread. */
    vlc_mutex_t             output_fifo_lock;
    /* volume_vars_lock is taken */
    vlc_mutex_t             volume_vars_lock;

    /* Input streams & pre-filters */
    aout_input_t *          pp_inputs[AOUT_MAX_INPUTS];
    int                     i_nb_inputs;

    /* Mixer */
    audio_sample_format_t   mixer_format;
    aout_alloc_t            mixer_allocation;
    float                   mixer_multiplier;
    aout_mixer_t            *p_mixer;

    /* Output plug-in */
    aout_output_t           output;
};

/**
 * It describes the audio channel order VLC expect.
 */
static const uint32_t pi_vlc_chan_order_wg4[] =
{
    AOUT_CHAN_LEFT, AOUT_CHAN_RIGHT,
    AOUT_CHAN_MIDDLELEFT, AOUT_CHAN_MIDDLERIGHT,
    AOUT_CHAN_REARLEFT, AOUT_CHAN_REARRIGHT, AOUT_CHAN_REARCENTER,
    AOUT_CHAN_CENTER, AOUT_CHAN_LFE, 0
};

/*****************************************************************************
 * Prototypes
 *****************************************************************************/

VLC_EXPORT( aout_buffer_t *, aout_OutputNextBuffer, ( aout_instance_t *, mtime_t, bool ) LIBVLC_USED );

/**
 * This function computes the reordering needed to go from pi_chan_order_in to
 * pi_chan_order_out.
 * If pi_chan_order_in or pi_chan_order_out is NULL, it will assume that vlc
 * internal (WG4) order is requested.
 */
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_CheckChannelReorder, ( const uint32_t *pi_chan_order_in, const uint32_t *pi_chan_order_out, uint32_t i_channel_mask, int i_channels, int *pi_chan_table ) );
VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_ChannelReorder, ( uint8_t *, int, int, const int *, int ) );

/**
 * This fonction will compute the extraction parameter into pi_selection to go
 * from i_channels with their type given by pi_order_src[] into the order
 * describe by pi_order_dst.
 * It will also set :
 * - *pi_channels as the number of channels that will be extracted which is
 * lower (in case of non understood channels type) or equal to i_channels.
 * - the layout of the channels (*pi_layout).
 *
 * It will return true if channel extraction is really needed, in which case
 * aout_ChannelExtract must be used
 *
 * XXX It must be used when the source may have channel type not understood
 * by VLC. In this case the channel type pi_order_src[] must be set to 0.
 * XXX It must also be used if multiple channels have the same type.
 */
VLC_EXPORT( bool, aout_CheckChannelExtraction, ( int *pi_selection, uint32_t *pi_layout, int *pi_channels, const uint32_t pi_order_dst[AOUT_CHAN_MAX], const uint32_t *pi_order_src, int i_channels ) );

/**
 * Do the actual channels extraction using the parameters created by
 * aout_CheckChannelExtraction.
 *
 * XXX this function does not work in place (p_dst and p_src must not overlap).
 * XXX Only 8, 16, 24, 32, 64 bits per sample are supported.
 */
VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_ChannelExtract, ( void *p_dst, int i_dst_channels, const void *p_src, int i_src_channels, int i_sample_count, const int *pi_selection, int i_bits_per_sample ) );

/* */
VLC_EXPORT( unsigned int, aout_FormatNbChannels, ( const audio_sample_format_t * p_format ) LIBVLC_USED );
VLC_EXPORT( unsigned int, aout_BitsPerSample, ( vlc_fourcc_t i_format ) LIBVLC_USED );
VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_FormatPrepare, ( audio_sample_format_t * p_format ) );
VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_FormatPrint, ( aout_instance_t * p_aout, const char * psz_text, const audio_sample_format_t * p_format ) );
VLC_EXPORT( const char *, aout_FormatPrintChannels, ( const audio_sample_format_t * ) LIBVLC_USED );

VLC_EXPORT( mtime_t, aout_FifoFirstDate, ( aout_instance_t *, aout_fifo_t * ) LIBVLC_USED );
VLC_EXPORT( aout_buffer_t *, aout_FifoPop, ( aout_instance_t * p_aout, aout_fifo_t * p_fifo ) LIBVLC_USED );

/* From intf.c : */
VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_VolumeSoftInit, ( aout_instance_t * ) );
VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_VolumeNoneInit, ( aout_instance_t * ) );
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_VolumeGet, ( vlc_object_t *, audio_volume_t * ) );
#define aout_VolumeGet(a, b) aout_VolumeGet(VLC_OBJECT(a), b)
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_VolumeSet, ( vlc_object_t *, audio_volume_t ) );
#define aout_VolumeSet(a, b) aout_VolumeSet(VLC_OBJECT(a), b)
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_VolumeUp, ( vlc_object_t *, int, audio_volume_t * ) );
#define aout_VolumeUp(a, b, c) aout_VolumeUp(VLC_OBJECT(a), b, c)
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_VolumeDown, ( vlc_object_t *, int, audio_volume_t * ) );
#define aout_VolumeDown(a, b, c) aout_VolumeDown(VLC_OBJECT(a), b, c)
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_ToggleMute, ( vlc_object_t *, audio_volume_t * ) );
#define aout_ToggleMute(a, b) aout_ToggleMute(VLC_OBJECT(a), b)
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_SetMute, ( vlc_object_t *, audio_volume_t *, bool ) );
VLC_EXPORT( bool, aout_IsMuted, ( vlc_object_t * ) );
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_FindAndRestart, ( vlc_object_t *, const char *, vlc_value_t, vlc_value_t, void * ) );
VLC_EXPORT( int, aout_ChannelsRestart, ( vlc_object_t *, const char *, vlc_value_t, vlc_value_t, void * ) );

VLC_EXPORT( void, aout_EnableFilter, (vlc_object_t *, const char *, bool ));
#define aout_EnableFilter( o, n, b ) \
        aout_EnableFilter( VLC_OBJECT(o), n, b )

/* */
VLC_EXPORT( vout_thread_t *, aout_filter_RequestVout, ( filter_t *, vout_thread_t *p_vout, video_format_t *p_fmt ) );

# ifdef __cplusplus
}
# endif

#endif /* _VLC_AOUT_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.apache.activemq.artemis.tests.unit.core.remoting.impl.netty;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQBuffer;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQBuffers;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.ActiveMQException;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.api.core.TransportConfiguration;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.NettyConnection;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.remoting.impl.netty.NettyConnectorFactory;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.core.server.ActiveMQComponent;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.remoting.ClientConnectionLifeCycleListener;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.remoting.ClientProtocolManager;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.spi.core.remoting.Connection;
import org.apache.activemq.artemis.tests.util.ActiveMQTestBase;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

public class NettyConnectionTest extends ActiveMQTestBase {

   private static final Map<String, Object> emptyMap = Collections.emptyMap();

   @Test
   public void testGetID() throws Exception {
      Channel channel = createChannel();
      NettyConnection conn = new NettyConnection(emptyMap, channel, new MyListener(), false, false);

      Assert.assertEquals(channel.id(), conn.getID());
   }

   @Test
   public void testWrite() throws Exception {
      ActiveMQBuffer buff = ActiveMQBuffers.wrappedBuffer(ByteBuffer.allocate(128));
      EmbeddedChannel channel = createChannel();

      Assert.assertEquals(0, channel.outboundMessages().size());

      NettyConnection conn = new NettyConnection(emptyMap, channel, new MyListener(), false, false);
      conn.write(buff);
      channel.runPendingTasks();
      Assert.assertEquals(1, channel.outboundMessages().size());
   }

   @Test
   public void testCreateBuffer() throws Exception {
      EmbeddedChannel channel = createChannel();
      NettyConnection conn = new NettyConnection(emptyMap, channel, new MyListener(), false, false);

      final int size = 1234;

      ActiveMQBuffer buff = conn.createTransportBuffer(size);
      buff.writeByte((byte) 0x00); // Netty buffer does lazy initialization.
      Assert.assertEquals(size, buff.capacity());

   }

   @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
   public void throwsExceptionOnBlockUntilWritableIfClosed() {
      EmbeddedChannel channel = createChannel();
      NettyConnection conn = new NettyConnection(emptyMap, channel, new MyListener(), false, false);
      conn.close();
      //to make sure the channel is closed it needs to run the pending tasks
      channel.runPendingTasks();
      conn.blockUntilWritable(0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
   }

   @Test
   public void testIsTargetNode() throws Exception {
      Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>();
      config.put("host", "localhost");
      config.put("port", "1234");

      Map<String, Object> config1 = new HashMap<>();
      config1.put("host", "localhost");
      config1.put("port", "1234");
      TransportConfiguration tf1 = new TransportConfiguration(NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName(), config1, "tf1");

      Map<String, Object> config2 = new HashMap<>();
      config2.put("host", "127.0.0.1");
      config2.put("port", "1234");
      TransportConfiguration tf2 = new TransportConfiguration(NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName(), config2, "tf2");

      Map<String, Object> config3 = new HashMap<>();
      config3.put("host", "otherhost");
      config3.put("port", "1234");
      TransportConfiguration tf3 = new TransportConfiguration(NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName(), config3, "tf3");

      Map<String, Object> config4 = new HashMap<>();
      config4.put("host", "127.0.0.1");
      config4.put("port", "9999");
      TransportConfiguration tf4 = new TransportConfiguration(NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName(), config4, "tf4");

      Map<String, Object> config5 = new HashMap<>();
      config5.put("host", "127.0.0.2");
      config5.put("port", "1234");
      TransportConfiguration tf5 = new TransportConfiguration(NettyConnectorFactory.class.getName(), config5, "tf5");

      Map<String, Object> config6 = new HashMap<>();
      config6.put("host", "127.0.0.2");
      config6.put("port", "1234");
      TransportConfiguration tf6 = new TransportConfiguration("some.other.FactoryClass", config6, "tf6");

      Channel channel = createChannel();
      NettyConnection conn = new NettyConnection(config, channel, new MyListener(), false, false);

      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf1));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf2));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf1, tf2));
      assertFalse(conn.isSameTarget(tf3));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf3, tf1));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf3, tf2));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf1, tf3));
      assertFalse(conn.isSameTarget(tf4));
      assertFalse(conn.isSameTarget(tf5));
      assertFalse(conn.isSameTarget(tf4, tf5));
      assertFalse(conn.isSameTarget(tf6));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf1, tf6));
      assertTrue(conn.isSameTarget(tf6, tf2));
   }

   private static EmbeddedChannel createChannel() {
      return new EmbeddedChannel(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter());
   }

   class MyListener implements ClientConnectionLifeCycleListener {

      @Override
      public void connectionCreated(final ActiveMQComponent component,
                                    final Connection connection,
                                    final ClientProtocolManager protocol) {

      }

      @Override
      public void connectionDestroyed(final Object connectionID) {

      }

      @Override
      public void connectionException(final Object connectionID, final ActiveMQException me) {

      }

      @Override
      public void connectionReadyForWrites(Object connectionID, boolean ready) {
      }

   }
}


Do you have a site? If you're looking to build a new house in Cork, contact us to arrange a home design & build consultation with our expert design team and architects. Please note that our reach is within a 25 mile radius of Cork and the minimum budget needed is €300,000.


Rear Admiral Mark A. Handley was commissioned through the Naval Reserve Officer Training program at Villanova University in 1981 where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. He earned a Masters of Engineering (Construction) in 1986 from Stanford University, and attended the University of Michigan's Executive Program.
Rear Adm. Handley's early duty assignments include Naval Mobile Construction Battalion (NMCB) 3, Port Hueneme, Calif., where he served as the Alfa Company Commander; Activity Civil Engineer for the Naval War College, Newport, R. I.; Western Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), as Accessions Officer; Project Manager for Magna, Utah, in support of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force Treaty with the former Soviet Union; and then Head of the Environmental Contracts Division.
In June 1989, Rear Adm. Handley attended the Defense Language School in preparation for his assignment as Resident Officer in Charge of Construction (ROICC), Vicenza, Italy. In March 1993, Rear Adm. Handley reported to Officer in Charge of Construction (OICC), Middle Pacific (MIDPAC) Hawaii as ROICC West Oahu, and then ROICC MIDPAC overseeing construction and contract management throughout the MIDPAC region. Reporting to the Pentagon in May 1996, Rear Adm. Handley served as the Head, Real Property Maintenance and Energy Branch for the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Logistics). He was then assigned as Executive Assistant to the Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command and Chief of Civil Engineers.
Returning to the Seabees in 1999, Rear Adm. Handley was the Commanding Officer of NMCB 5, Port Hueneme, Calif. NMCB 5 received both the Pacific Fleet Battle "E" and the Peltier Award for outstanding military engineering services in fiscal year 2000.
Rear Adm. Handley then served as Executive Officer of the Navy Public Works Center, San Diego, Calif., from August 2000 to May 2003. From May 2003 to June 2005, he served as the Commodore of the 22nd Naval Construction Regiment homeported at the Construction Battalion Center, Gulfport, Miss. During this tour, he deployed as a Regimental element with the First Marine Expeditionary Force to Fallujah, Iraq, for Operation Iraqi Freedom. He took command of NAVFAC Mid-Atlantic, Norfolk, and became Regional Engineer for Commander, Navy Region Mid-Atlantic June 3, 2005.
Rear Adm. Handley is currently serving as Deputy Commander and Director of Ashore Readiness for Commander, Navy Installations Command, Washington.
Rear Adm. Handley's personal awards include the Legion of Merit (two awards), Bronze Star, Meritorious Service Medal (five awards), the Navy Commendation Medal (two awards), and the Navy Achievement Medal. He is designated as a Seabee Combat Warfare Officer, a member of the Defense Acquisition Professional Community, and is a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Washington.


text:
← BI-PARTISAN DEAL LED TO FLINT WATER POISONING FOR PROFIT: THE KAREGNONDI WATER AUTHORITY (KWA)
RASMEA ODEH MAY GET NEW TRIAL, US APPEALS COURT RULES →
Ironically, Judge Hathaway sat on the Michigan Judicial Tenure Commission until Dec. 31, 2015. He is in second row at right.
Hathaway gave security guard Tigh Croff PROBATION after he chased and killed unarmed homeless grandfather Herbert Silas in cold blood
Judge Vonda Evans gave killer cop William Melendez 13 mos. to 10 years in near-fatal beating of Floyd Dent
Hathaway likens Detroit grandmother, caregiver to criminal banks, Bernie Madoff
Prominent attorneys filed motions to recuse Hathaway for "extreme bias" in Homrich 9 water-shutoffs trial
Join the "Free Mary Stafford Committee," call her daughter Monique Stafford at 313-458-6464
Mary Stafford
DETROIT— Comparing her to global banks which caused the 2008 mortgage meltdown and to Bernie Madoff, author of the largest financial fraud in U.S. history, Wayne County Circuit Court Judge Michael Hathaway yesterday sent 66-year-old grandmother and long-time Detroit community advocate and caregiver Mary A. Stafford to prison for one to 10 and one to five years on two charges involving a Wells Fargo mortgage she was not party to.
The sentences are to run concurrently.
Stafford is now housed at the Women's Huron Valley Correctional Facility in Ypsilanti. Send letters of support to her at Mrs. Mary Stafford, #972040, 3201 Bemis Road, Ypsilanti, MI 48197-0911. She can also be reached by signing up for JPay, at www.jpay.com . Emails and funds can be sent through JPay, as well as photos and Ecards. Funds for Mary's legal defense can be sent to https://www.crowdrise.com/vindicatingmaryoffalsechargesbygovernmentterrorists5.
In contrast to Stafford's brutal sentencing for a non-violent crime in which the alleged "victim," Wells Fargo, says they never asked for prosecution, Judge Hathaway sentenced security guard Tigh Croff to PROBATION in 2011 for shooting unarmed 52-year-old grandfather Herbert Silas to death after chasing him down the street. When Silas turned around with his hands up, Croff told him he was going to kill him, and then did so. Hathaway reduced Croff's original second-degree murder charge to manslaughter. In chambers, he told the prosecution and defense he would have done the same thing. Croff had testified he thought Silas was going to break into his house.
Tigh Croff
The prosecution moved unsuccessfully to disqualify Hathaway from hearing the case. To see what kind of person Hathaway freed, look at Croff 's XXX-rated Facebook page at https://www.facebook.com/tigh.croff.
"We love you, Mary Ann," her family and friends called out to her as she was escorted out by a Deputy Sheriff for processing into the Michigan Department of Corrections system.
"Free my mama," her daughter Monique Stafford said afterwards. "She has never done anything, not even get a parking ticket, except spend her life taking care of other people."
At the age of 50, Stafford donated a kidney to Monique, who had gone into renal failure, becoming one of the first living organ donors. Stafford explained this in a letter to the judge. On February 16, Monique had just come home from hospitalization for pneumonia, but raced to her parents' house to be with her father in the wake of her mother's incarceration.
Staffords' home on Gilchrist for 25 years. Clifford Stafford was a UAW worker for 37 years. The family was illegally foreclosed on and lost the home. After that, they fought for the rights of others in the same plight.
For 25 years, while Stafford and her husband Clifford lived at 15474 Gilchrist, she acted as latchkey caregiver to all the children on the block who got home before their parents made it back from work. She even cared for the children of Emmett and Trenise Wyldon.
The latter individual, the actual signer of the mortgage in question, was charged as a co-defendant in the case, said she would inform on the Staffords and others, and got her charges dismissed.
The Michigan Department of Corrections probation report noted that Stafford had taken care of her six younger siblings growing up, had never been convicted of any offense, and made only $700 a month in Social Security benefits. That report recommended an 18-month sentence of probation.
Bernard L. Madoff leaves US Federal Court January 14, 2009 after a hearing pending trial. TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)
Hathaway commented cynically, "Well Bernie Madoff didn't have a criminal record either."
Stafford's sentence was almost identical to that earlier handed down to former cop William Melendez, 13 months to 10 years for the near-fatal beating of motorist Floyd Dent in January, 2015. Melendez was earlier sued in a dozen cases in federal court, two involving killings of unarmed men.
The Wayne County Prosecutor listed Wells Fargo Bank as the complainant in the case, which involved a mortgage on a Belleville, Michigan home obtained by Trenise Wyldon. Wells Fargo, however, told VOD they had never asked for a criminal prosecution. They said any criminal restitution charges should go to Fannie Mae instead.
Wayne County Assistant Prosecutor Jennifer Douglas said Fannie Mae, not listed as a complainant, had already received $206,748 plus insurance costs for the sale of the house, and was not asking for restitution. However, Hathaway set restitution at $75,000.
But Douglas then re-worked the sentencing guidelines in the case to a higher level of 10, with Stafford assessed as a "leader" in the alleged offenses over her husband and previous co-defendant Wyldon, the actual signatory to the mortgage. Judge Hathaway nodded approval every step of the way. Wyldon was earlier tried on a misdemeanor count of filing a false credit request, pled guilty, then had her charges dismissed after she agreed to testify against others in the case.
Attorney Anthony Lubkin
Attorney Anthony Lubkin, who represented Clifford Stafford at the preliminary exam before 36th District Court judge Ronald Giles, earlier told VOD that Judge Hathaway had agreed Sept. 2 to dismiss the charges for lack of evidence, including Wyldon's missing testimony, in response to briefs he filed after the exam, then mysteriously changed his mind Sept. 8 and set a trial date.
"What happened in those six days to change his mind?" Lubkin asked. Hathaway was appointed to his position in 2001 and then ran for re-election three times. He is up for re-election this November, but he has asked the Secretary of State for an exemption on filing his campaign finance reports.
Lubkin said he had recommended that the Staffords' new attorneys, Patrick McQueeney and Steve Lockhart, file an interlocutory motion to the Appeals Court objecting to setting the trial. That was never done.
On the court record Dec. 4, the last day of Stafford's trial, Hathaway firmly ordered an evidentiary Ginther hearing on a pro se motion for a new trial based on ineffective assistance of counsel, even after Stafford said she had changed her mind and wanted to withdraw the motion for the hearing. But on Feb. 16 Hathaway said he was holding a "third" sentencing hearing after earlier reschedulings.
Atty. Craig Tank
Stafford's newly-retained attorney Craig Tank made no motion for the record objecting to a sentencing hearing, although he had been retained to conduct the Ginther hearing. He later told this reporter that Ginther hearings are only held AFTER sentencing hearings, a legal falsehood.
In his first meeting with them, Tank told the Staffords that charges of "obstruction of justice" for filing a "quiet title" lawsuit in the case using two attorneys, and then making a complaint to the Wayne County Deed Fraud Task Force, violated their First Amendment rights. He said nothing of the sort during sentencing.
Tank never obtained the trial transcripts prior to the hearing, as he told the Staffords would do, and repeatedly said he had not been present at the trial. He told Hathaway, "All I ask the court to do is give a sentence tempered by justice and fairness," never once asserting any belief in his client's innocence.
Stafford told VOD before the hearing that Tank had "promised" her she would get probation, an unethical promise also made by her previous attorney Steve Lockhart. Sentencing is solely up to the judge, even if he DOES promise something off the record.
Judge Hathaway, dressed in wrinkled clothing and at times mixing up facts, painted Stafford as an incorrigible villain guilty of extreme offenses.
"Nationally, we experienced the greatest crisis in history, the 2008-09 mortgage meltdown and deep recession which followed, a huge disaster," Hathaway opined. "One can actually point to and ascribe blame to specific individuals and organizations, cite the excesses, fraud and greed of the mortgage banking industry, with dozens if not hundreds of mortgage bankers who should be in prison. The lender [Wells Fargo] in this case was abysmally negligent, the mortgage brokers and title insurance companies downright crooked, but they could not act without crooked borrowers who had no intention to pay back the loans."
Hathaway then repeated an act of misconduct committed by AP Douglas at trial, saying, "You could see her [Stafford's] signature right up there on the screen. Anybody that saw the evidence could not have come to any other conclusion."
Douglas had displayed a clearly Xeroxed copy of a warranty deed (a line ran down the middle because the Xerox was running out of ink), next to Stafford's original signature on the Deed Fraud Task Force complaint, and asked the jury to use their own judgment as if they were certified forensic handwriting experts.
Deed Fraud Task Force Investigator Mary Williams-Jones testified during trial that she had whited out the signature on the alleged original of the document, made 30 copies, and had Stafford sign each one, contradicting a Michigan State forensic examiner's advice to obtain 30 DIFFERENT examples of Stafford's signature on OTHER documents made PRIOR to the execution of the questioned document.
Deed Fraud Task Force Invest. Mary Jones, a 25-year police department veteran with no real estate training.
Douglas could easily have used one of those copies for display on the screen.
Stafford contended all along that she was a victim of identity theft, that the name of her company and her own name and signature had been stolen for the profit of others, and that neither she nor her husband was present at any session in which the Belleville home was purchased.
Bank records show Stafford signed a $44,000 check from Reliant Title over to Valerie Kauth of the same company. Kauth also endorsed a check made out to "Private Consumer Consulting Services" although she had no business connection to the Staffords' company at all. Other parties referred to as complicit but not charged by Judge Hathaway:
Uncharged parties in Nautica ripoff: Wells Fargo, Fannie Mae, Valerie and Kevin Kauth of Reliant Title, Avis Washington and Glen P. Boggess, Jr, Brokers of NOVA 2000 and Loan Origination Concepts.
In a moving letter to the Court, Mary Stafford wrote before her sentencing:
This is my life as sister, wife, mother friend and caregiver and loving human being who has shown kindness to all my family and others in my life. This is what life is all about; you should help those who cannot help themselves.
This is the first time in my life I have faced a life change involving charges that could send me to jail for committing a crime!
Date one: In December 1982 I, met Clifford Stafford based on blind date. In December of 1983, we went out for dinner and after that we said let's get together after the New Year. We got married May 9, 1983 in the State of Ohio, Lucas County. Clifford was married and got divorced. He had 2 children in that union, Clifford L. Stafford Jr. and Lashawda Stafford. One year later I gave birth to our son, Kevin L. Stafford born on May 18, 1984. Clifford received full custody of his children, at that time, Lashawda was 14 years old, Clifford was 12 years old, and also Monique was 12 years old.
In 1985 his daughter at the young age if 15 years old got pregnant; she had Nathaniel Hardrick. He came to live we us at 9 months old, under a court order. Lashawda went to Job Corps in Ohio. Nathaniel lived with us until age 15 in 1999. Kevin and Nat grew up like brothers, not like uncle and nephew.
I would like to go to March 2000. This is when my sister Rosalind Green and my daughter Monique M. Stafford, also my brother Larry Sheridan, moved in to the same home that my husband and I had. This gave me and my family an easy way to take care of my sister and daughter.
My sister Rosalind Green was a victim of street violence; she was shot in the head and the police never found out who shot her!
My sister suffered with seizures and was paralyzed on the left side of her body for the rest of her natural life. Rosalind did not have any children but she a loving family that care for her. My sister passed December 28, 2015
Around that say time my daughter Monique went in to kidney failure. Monique was only 25 years old when she found out she was born with one kidney. My daughter came in to this "WORLD" 2 1/2 pounds 3 ounces, she is fighter to live her life to fullest.
At the age of 50 years old I gave my kidney to my daughter Monique through Henry Ford Hospital as a living donor. I was one of the first living donors.
The gift of a kidney.
In 2004 Monique lost the kidney that I gave her and she went back on dialysis, and back on the transplant list, as of today. [She is a fighter for life]. All at the same time my girlfriend Sherry asked me for help while she was working. Her mother had dementia. I would take Monique to dialysis and go to Sherry's home, to bathe and dress and also give her mother Florence breakfast and lunch. I sat with her until 2:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Florence passed on at the age of 82 years, October of 2005.
Let go back to 2003 when my husband Clifford moved his sister Shirley J. Stafford into our home. She was born disabled at birth, mentally challenged. Around the same time in 2004 we found out Shirley had breast cancer. She didn't deserve that kind pain and suffering. Shirley was a sweet warm-hearted, happy and friendly human being I knew. She loved sports especially college games like basketball and she knew all the players on every team. Shirley received chemotherapy at Botsford Hospital. I think she received three (3) treatments and then went to Garden City Hospital where she received six (6) radiation treatments with medication. Shirley had some side effects from all the treatment. She made it through all that. Shirley was then a cancer survivor for four years. She got her blood drawn every month for the rest of her life.
In the middle or end of 2010 Shirley's cancer returned. Now she is going to Providence Cancer Center on Foster Drive off 9 mile. Again she received six (6) chemotherapy treatments, but the cancer spread to her left breast; it had to be removed. She was put on hospice and they sent her home because it nothing else they could do. Shirley passed June 14, 2014. I sat with her until Shirley took her last breath and she was gone.
http://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/02/09/stop-the-railroad-of-community-advocate-mary-ann-stafford-come-to-court-fri-feb-12-at-9am/
http://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/01/15/judge-hathaway-blames-2008-mortgage-meltdown-on-homeowner-advocate-couple-the-staffords
http://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/01/12/wells-fargo-v-staffords-bombshell-bank-not-complainant-county-charged-couple-anyway/
http://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/01/15/judge-hathaway-blames-2008-mortgage-meltdown-on-homeowner-advocate-couple-the-staffords/
http://voiceofdetroit.net/2015/12/19/whos-guilty-of-detroit-mortgage-fraud-not-wells-fargo-but-community-advocates-says-county/
#FreeMaryStafford, #VoteNOonJudgeMichaelHathaway, #TighCroff, #CliffordStafford, #MaryJones, #forgery, #mortgagefraud, #bankfraud, #unjustconviction, #biasonthebench, #toobigtofail, #mortgagemeltdown, #WayneCoTreasurer, #WayneCoROD, #questioneddocument, #FreeRevPinkney, #Beatbackthebullies, #AdvocatesforBaxter
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COMMENTARY: Blasphemy charges pervert Islam's teachings
(RNS) Despite widespread blasphemy charges, universal freedom of conscience lies at the heart of Islam.
Qasim Rashid is the author of the critically acclaimed book, The Wrong Kind of Muslim. He is a national spokesperson for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community USA. Follow him @MuslimIQ. Photo courtesy of Qasim Rashid
Qasim Rashid
(RNS) Sentenced for professing his atheism, Alexander Aan was recently released after 18 months in an Indonesian prison.
Masood Ahmad has already served over two months in a Pakistani prison for reading the Quran as an Ahmadi Muslim.
Pastor Saeed Abedini languishes in an Iranian prison for preaching Christianity.
They are but a sliver of the ongoing persecution, including murders, of Ahmadi Muslims, Shiite Muslims, Christians, Hindus, and atheists at the hands of extremists claiming Islam requires death for apostasy and blasphemy.
The famous Indian poet Sarojini Naidu once wrote, "(Islam) was the first religion that preached and practiced democracy …." A glance at the aforementioned atrocities and one wonders how Naidu arrived at her conclusion.
Naidu and countless scholars throughout history including George Bernard Shaw, Alphonse de Lamartine, Mahatma Gandhi, and Annie Besant arrived at similar conclusions by studying Islam's authentic sources — the Quran and Prophet Muhammad. Both champion universal freedom of conscience and free speech. Nothing in Islam endorses, much less commands, death for apostasy or blasphemy, or vigilante justice for childish cartoons.
Regarding blasphemy, the Quran implores Muslims at least seven times that if offended — ignore and move on: "And when thou seest those who engage in vain discourse concerning Our Signs, then turn thou away from them until they engage in a discourse other than that."
Regarding free speech, the Quran recognizes and protects free speech and expression in more than 40 instances.
Muhammad's example as Medina's ruler echoes this teaching. Muhammad forgave and led the funeral prayer for Abdullah bin Ubay bin Salul, who was guilty of sedition and also advanced the slanderous claim that Muhammad's wife Aisha was not chaste. Let alone capital punishment, Muhammad did not order any punishment and permitted free speech.
Muhammad established the Charter of Medina, a secular constitution between Muslims and Jews. The charter ensured equality, universal religious freedom, and free speech for all Medina's residents.
Islam limits free speech on the same premise that the U.S. Supreme Court has also banned the utterance of inflammatory speech. Punishment is warranted if an individual threatens the state due his advocacy of terrorism or incitement to pre-emptive war. It is upon this premise that citizens were punished in Muhammad's time — be they Muslim or Jewish. At least 15 European nations have laws punishing certain types of blasphemy — something Islam's original sources do not have.
But what of those allegedly violent Quranic verses that declare "kill them where ye find them?" Yes, any six-word excerpt can seem violent when the reader is not aware of the context.
In Chapter 22:41 the Quran explains, "Permission to fight is given to those against whom war is made, because they have been wronged …."
The Quran then specifically obliges Muslims to protect, "churches, temples, synagogues, and mosques" from destruction.
Thus, Islam permits defensive battles to ensure universal freedom of conscience. The proper context of "kill them where ye find them," therefore, is in self-defense to kill those who persecute and kill others for their faith. Moreover, the Quran further commands Muslims "but if they desist fighting, then you too desist," demonstrating that Islam actively requires reconciliation.
Furthermore, Islam's rules of war are more advanced, compassionate, and humanitarian than anything any nation on Earth today employs. Even in self-defense, Muslims may only engage those actively engaging them first. Islam categorically forbids treachery; mutilation; killing women, children, or the aged; burning trees; slaying livestock; or harming monks and ministers. Thus, concepts such as drone strikes, nuclear attack, or collateral damage all violate Islam's rules of war.
Far from the barbarism of Taliban and some Muslim-majority regimes, Muhammad's example of compassion is unmatched. He peacefully endured persecution for a dozen years in Mecca, then fled to Medina to escape an assassination attempt, and finally fought defensive battles on the outskirts of Medina. After the Meccans broke yet another peace treaty, Muhammad marched back to retake Mecca.
Mecca surrendered immediately, leaving Muhammad as the de facto ruler. With the city in hand and the opportunity to exact retribution on all those who murdered his family and companions — Muhammad did something incredible. He declared to the Meccans, "I speak to you as Joseph spoke to his brothers. This day there is no reproof against you. You are free."
This was Muhammad's unbreakable allegiance to justice and universal freedom of conscience.
This Islamic spirit of justice still exists today. In 1900 Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community wrote, "If (religion) has to make up for its weakness in argument by handling the sword, it needs no other argument for its falsification. The sword it wields cuts its own throat before reaching others."
Likewise His Holiness the Khalifa of Islam Mirza Masroor Ahmad recently declared, "Khilafat has no relation to government or politics. We believe entirely in a separation of religion and matters of state."
The Quran is clear: "There shall be no compulsion in religion." Thus, in stripping Alexander Aan, Masood Ahmad, and Saeed Abedini of their freedom of conscience, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Iran have only succeeded in stripping Islam of its most noble quality.
Universal freedom of conscience is the very root of Islam — for all people of all faiths, and for all people of no faith.
(Qasim Rashid is the author of the critically acclaimed book, The Wrong Kind of Muslim. He is a national spokesperson for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community USA. Follow him on Twitter @MuslimIQ.)
YS/AMB END RASHID
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Q: How to calculate this entropy $H(X)=H(Y)+(p_{m-1}+p_{m})\cdot H(\frac{p_{m-1}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}},\frac{p_{m}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}})$ I'm given two random variables X and Y such that,
Meaning that X and Y have the same distribution up to $1,...,m-2$.
I'm trying to show that $H(X)=H(Y)+(p_{m-1}+p_{m})\cdot H(\frac{p_{m-1}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}},\frac{p_{m}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}})$.
I can see that up to $m-2$ I will have $H(Y)+p_{m-1}log(\frac{1}{p_{m-1}})+p_{m}log(\frac{1}{p_{m}})$ from here I can't figure a way out to factor and reach my goal.

A: I have reached an answer thanks to  @Stelios.
$$H(X)=H(Y)+p_{m-1}log(\frac{p_{m-1}+p_{m}}{p_{m-1}})+p_{m}log(\frac{p_{m-1}+p_{m}}{p_{m}})=H(Y)+(P_{m-1}+p_m)\cdot(\frac{p_{m-1}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}}log(\frac{p_{m-1}+p_{m}}{p_{m-1}})+\frac{p_{m}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}}log(\frac{p_{m-1}+p_{m}}{p_{m}}))=H(Y)+(P_{m-1}+p_m)\cdot\sum{p\cdot{log{\frac{1}{p}}}}=H(Y)+(P_{m-1}+p_m)\cdot{H(\frac{p_{m-1}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}},\frac{p_{m}}{p_{m-1}+p_{m}})}.$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


That Oval Office magic clearly worked on Joko Widodo. The Indonesian president emerged from Monday's visit with Barack Obama pledging to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a move that's already enraging vested interests 10,000 miles away in Jakarta.
Convincing the nation in which he lived as a child to be the 13th TPP member marks a sweet and sentimental victory for the U.S. president. But it could be a far bigger one for Widodo, who's known as Jokowi, and his struggling government. Jokowi is also called "Indonesia's Obama." His charisma, man-of-the-people persona and modest upbringing endeared him, Obama-style, to the world's fourth-biggest population. The under-30 set reveled in voting for a leader devoid of ties to dynastic families or the military, a first for Indonesia.
2015 will be remembered for something much bigger: when self-described shock therapists were helming Asia's four-biggest economies. Like Xi, India's Narendra Modi, Japan's Shinzo Abe and South Korea's Park Geun-hye are all staking their legacies on remaking underperforming economies. Barron's Asia Executive Editor William Pesek looks at how they are doing.
Buyer's remorse set in quickly, though. Drift, indecision and acquiescence to the political machinery he swore to destroy tarnished Jokowi's reputation as a reformer (Obama may empathize). That is, until Monday's decision to join TPP, the clearest sign yet Indonesia is open for business, as Jokowi promised ahead of the July 2014 election. This decision alone moves him up a notch on our Asian reformer report card.
Yesterday, I assigned grades of D- to Japan's Abenomics, C to China's Xiconomics, B- to South Korea's Parkonomics and B to India's Modinomics. Today, let's look at Southeast Asia's self-described change agents: Jokowi, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak and Philippine President Benigno Aquino. Once again, we'll work from worst to best.
Najibonomics: It's hard to exaggerate the damage the Najib years (six and counting) are exacting on what should be a thriving, innovative and wealthy economy. Najib and his surrogates like to blame us meanies in foreign media for the government's travails. Look no further than the Wall Street Journal'sallegations almost $700 million made its way into Najib's personal bank accounts. But currencies don't lie and investors aren't buying Putrajaya's conspiracy theories. The ringgit recently hit 17-year lows as Najib-gate deepens and the government circles the wagons and curtails press freedom.
Yes, Malaysia is signed up for TPP, but it's doubtful it will shake up a government coalition that's held power for six decades. Can a scandal-plagued Najib really take on his change-resistant party? Hardly. Early on, Najib pledged to dismantle the race-based quotas that benefit the ethnic Malay majority drafted 44 years ago by his prime minister father - to no avail. These retrograde affirmative-action policies kill productivity and innovation, turn off foreign investors and encourage many of the nation's best and brightest to flee to neighboring Singapore. They raise the odds Malaysia will fall into the "middle-income trap" now ensnaring Thailand. Najibonomics gets a D (without TPP, it would be even lower).
Jokowinomics: Now, one trade deal won't revitalize Indonesia's dysfunctional economy. Nor will TPP be as much a boon for consumers as it is for corporate executives. But this step will help Jokowi engineer a timely about-face in Southeast Asia's No. 1 economy. One of the biggest letdowns of Jokowi's first year in office is the nationalistic and fearful attitude toward trade that's taken hold. Breaking this protectionist mindset is vital to competing against China, the Philippines and Vietnam. So is curbing budget-busting fuel subsidies, erratic import restrictions, onerous barriers to foreign ownership, opaque local-content rules and rigid labor requirements.
Here, think of TPP as a Trojan horse. Once inside Indonesia's walls, the deal's provisions would impose competition on complacent industries and push them into global supply chains. For a leader with a shallow parliamentary base, TPP could be just the thing to smash corrupt vested interests profiting from Indonesia's relatively closed economic system. Early in his term, Jokowi flashed moments of brilliance - including raising fuel prices. This could be the blunt instrument he needs to battle a Jakarta establishment that prefers the status quo. For his audacity in Washington, Jokowinomics gets a B-.
Aquinonomics: Politicians claim every election is the most momentous in decades. But for the Philippines, 2016 is that and more. Even when the geopolitically vital nation of 100 million is on a roll, it's often just one bad leader away from fresh chaos. Think Fidel Ramos being succeeded in 1998 by the later imprisoned Joseph Estrada, and you get the picture. As well as Aquino has done to morph the "Sick Man of Asia" into investment-grade growth star, risks abound.
But credit where it's due. In June 2010, Aquino promised to transform the Manila establishment "from one that is self-serving to one that works for the welfare of the nation." As he and Finance Secretary Cesar Purisima attacked graft, put government services online, made ministries more accountable, boosted tax receipts and invested in infrastructure and education, investors realized it wasn't just a slogan. By 2014, the Philippines was raking in $6.2 billion in foreign direct investment, the most ever. As emerging markets cratered in recent months, the Philippines stood its ground. Unlike his peers, central bank Governor Amando Tetangco has been able to avoid cutting rates so far this year.
There's still lots to be done, including creating more jobs and cleaning up the notoriously corrupt customs bureau. But Aquino proves what a determined and focused reformer can achieve. For that, Aquinomics earns an A- and a well-deserve place in the investment worlds' esteem. Let's just hope the good times outlast his presidency.


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With China Tensions Rising, United States Joins Taiwan To Mark Battle Anniversary
Monday, August 24, 2020 by Indian Defence News
Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen leaves after paying her respects to the deceased during an event to mark the 62nd anniversary of the Second Taiwan Strait crisis in Kinmen, Taiwan, August 23, 2020
KINMEN: Amid rising tensions with Beijing, the de facto U.S. ambassador in Chinese-claimed Taiwan took part on Sunday for the first time in commemorations of a key military clash and the last time Taiwanese forces joined battle with China on a large scale.
China has stepped up military activity around the democratic island, moves denounced by Taiwan's government as an attempt at intimidation to force them to accept Chinese rule.
Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen laid a wreath and bowed her head in respect at a memorial park on Kinmen island, which sits a few kilometres (miles) off the Chinese metropolis of Xiamen, to mark the 62nd anniversary of the start of the second Taiwan Straits crisis.
In August 1958, Chinese forces began more than a month of bombarding Kinmen, along with the Taiwan-controlled Matsu archipelago further up the coast, including naval and air battles, seeking to force them into submission.
Brent Christensen, head of the American Institute in Taiwan and Washington's de facto representative, offered his respects too, standing behind Tsai, in a symbolic show of U.S. support for the island.
Christensen also laid wreaths at a monument honouring two U.S. military officers who died in a 1954 Chinese attack on Kinmen, the institute said.
"Commemorations such as these remind us that today's U.S.-Taiwan security cooperation builds on a long and proud history that exemplifies the phrase 'Real Friends, Real Progress," it said in a statement.
Taiwan's presidential office thanked Christensen for participating on a day it said serves to remind Taiwan's people of the importance of defending freedom and democracy.
China's Taiwan affairs office did not immediately respond to a faxed request for comment on the commemoration.
Washington has no formal ties with Taipei but is its largest arms supplier. President Donald Trump's administration has made bolstering relations a priority, to Beijing's anger.
Like Tsai, Christensen did not make public comments.
Taiwan fought back at the time with support from the United States, which sent military equipment like advanced Sidewinder anti-aircraft missiles, giving Taiwan a technological edge. The crisis ended in a stalemate.
Major General Liu Qiang-hua, spokesman for the Kinmen Defence Command, said it was important to remember an event that was crucial to ensuring Taiwan's security.
"Of course we hope there is no war, but it is dangerous to forget about war. This is the spirit we need to safeguard," he told Reuters.
Formerly called Quemoy in English, Kinmen today is a popular tourist destination, though remnants of past fighting like underground bunkers are scattered across the island, and Taiwan maintains a significant military presence.
Labels: America, China, Taiwan