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\section{Introduction}

High-sensitivity measurements of mechanical displacements were initially conducted in large scale interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein. From then on, coupling between mechanical oscillators and optical fields via radiation pressure has been extensively studied within the field of optomechanics and has found applications for single spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy \cite{Rugar2004}, attometer-scale displacement measurements \cite{Arcizet2006, Schliesser2008}, chip-based room temperature magnetometry \cite{Forstner2012, Forstner2014}, and observation of quantum phenomena in macroscopic mechanical systems \cite{Teufel2011, Safavi2012, Verhagen2012, Palomaki2013}. Continuous measurement of the displacement of a mechanical resonator involves the transduction of mechanical motion onto the amplitude and phase fluctuations of an optical probe beam which are subsequently measured with an interferometer. Such a measurement is limited by imprecision noise set by the photon shot noise of the probe light and scaling as $1/\sqrt{N}$ where N is the number of photons in the probe light
. It seems that arbitrarily precise readout can be achieved simply by increasing the optical power, however a fluctuating radiation pressure force imparted on the mechanical resonator due to photon shot noise gives rise to quantum back-action noise which scales as $\sqrt{N}$ and counteracts the improvement in measurement sensitivity for large $N$. The limit in readout precision achieved when the sum of the two noise contributions is minimum, is called the standard quantum limit (SQL) \cite{Caves1980, Braginsky1992}. Imprecision noise surpassing the SQL has recently been achieved in a regime where the total measurement noise is dominated by mechanical thermal fluctuations \cite{Anetsberger2009, Teufel2009, Westphal2012}. This was quickly followed by experiments where radiation pressure noise dominates the thermal noise, that allowed the observation of radiation-pressure shot noise and ponderomotive squeezing \cite{Purdy2013, Safavi2013}. Furthermore, experiments with atom clouds cooled close to their motional ground state have recently demonstrated force sensing within a factor of 4 above the SQL \cite{Schreppler2014}.

Since the early days of large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers, it was recognized that the use of squeezed light as a quantum sensing resource could improve the sensitivity of interferometric phase measurements beyond the shot noise limit \cite{Caves1981}. This was later experimentally demonstrated for Mach-Zehnder \cite{Min1987}, Michelson \cite{McKenzie2002, Goda2008}, Sagnac \cite{Eberle2010} and large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers \cite{Ligo2011}, and applied to displacement measurements \cite{Treps2002} of particles in biological samples \cite{Taylor2013} and micro-mechanical resonators \cite{Hoff2013}.
The use of squeezed light
gives access to SQL sensitivity at lower optical probe power, as a reduction of imprecision noise on the squeezed quadrature is accompanied by an increase in quantum back-action noise due to antisqueezing on the conjugate quadrature. The use of squeezed light is therefore beneficial in systems for which the use of high optical powers is limited by technical reasons, e.g. maximum output power of existing lasers, or practical reasons, e.g. damage threshold of biological samples. In high-Q microcavity resonators, increasing optical powers gives rise to additional noise due to parametric instabilities \cite{Rokhsari2005} what prevents reaching sensitivities at the SQL. The aim of this article is to determine the conditions for reaching optimum quantum-enhanced displacement sensitivities in cavity optomechanical systems.

\section{Optomechanical equations of motion}

Cavity optomechanical systems \cite{Aspelmeyer2013} come in a lot of different arrangements, from cold atoms trapped in optical cavities \cite{Murch2008, Brennecke2008} to nano- \cite{Eichenfield2009} and micro-scale \cite{Thompson2008, Anetsberger2008, Wilson2009} resonators, and gram-scale mirrors in interferometers \cite{Corbitt2007}. They consist of an optical cavity mode coupled to a mechanical harmonic oscillator via the radiation pressure mediated optomechanical interaction. The motion of the mechanical oscillator modifies the optical length of the cavity resulting in a shift of the optical resonance frequency. This shift is typically assumed to be linear under small mechanical displacements. Reciprocally, radiation pressure forces from the light circulating in the cavity affects the position of the mechanical oscillator.
Formally, the optomechanical system is described by the following Hamiltonian,
\begin{equation}\label{system_hamiltonian}
\hat{H}=\hbar\omega_{0}\hat{a}^{\dagger}\hat{a}+\hbar\Omega_{m}\hat{b}^{\dagger}\hat{b}+\hbar g_{0}\hat{x}\hat{a}^{\dagger}\hat{a}+\hat{H}_{\kappa}+\hat{H}_{\Gamma},
\end{equation}
where the cavity (oscillator) field is represented by annihilation and creation operators $\hat{a}$ ($\hat{b}$) and $\hat{a}^{\dagger}$ ($\hat{b}^{\dagger}$), respectively, and resonates at frequency $\omega_0$ ($\Omega_m$). The first (second) term in Eq. \ref{system_hamiltonian} denotes the energy stored in the optical cavity (mechanical oscillator), and the fourth (fifth) term comprises the exchange of energy between the cavity (oscillator) field and external photon (phonon) baths. The third term represents the parametric coupling of the oscillator's position, $\hat{x}=\hat{b}+\hat{b}^{\dagger}$, with the intracavity field. The optomechanical interaction scales with the vacuum optomechanical coupling parameter $g_0$ \cite{Gorodetsky2010}
, which quantifies the optical frequency noise arising from the zero-point-motion of the oscillator.

The optomechanical interaction involves the nonlinear mixing of optical and mechanical field operators and may be linearized by considering that the cavity is driven by a dominant driving field at frequency $\omega_d$ which steers the intracavity field and the mechanical oscillator into a stable equilibrium position $(\bar{a}, \bar{x})$: $\hat{a}\rightarrow\bar{a}+\hat{a}$, $\hat{x}\rightarrow\bar{x}+\hat{x}$. Therefore, the nonlinear mixing of the small optical and mechanical field fluctuations can be neglected and the optomechanical interaction Hamiltonian (third term in Eq. (\ref{system_hamiltonian})) simplifies to:
\begin{equation}\label{int_hamiltonian}
\hat{H}_{int}=\hbar g_{0}\bar{a}\left[\bar{a}\bar{x}+\bar{a}\hat{x}+\bar{x}\hat{X}_{a}+\hat{x}\hat{X}_{a}\right],
\end{equation}
where we have chosen the phase of the intracavity field to be the zero-phase reference, i.e. $\bar{a}$ is real. In Eq. (\ref{int_hamiltonian}) we have introduced the amplitude quadrature operator of the intracavity field fluctuations, $\hat{X}_{a}=\hat{a}+\hat{a}^{\dagger}$, whose conjugate, phase quadrature operator reads, $\hat{P}_{a}=-i\hat{a}+i\hat{a}^{\dagger}$. Similarly, the dimensionless position and momentum operators of the mechanical oscillator read, $\hat{x}=\hat{b}+\hat{b}^{\dagger}$ and $\hat{p}=-i\hat{b}+i\hat{b}^{\dagger}$, respectively. Using the standard Heisenberg picture formalism in a frame corotating with the driving optical field at $\omega_d$  provides the time evolution of the system observables:
\begin{align}
\begin{array}{c} \Dot{\hat{X}}_{a} \\ \Dot{\hat{P}}_{a} \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} = -\frac{\kappa}{2}\hat{X}_{a} - \Delta \hat{P}_{a} + \hat{X}_{in}^{\prime}, \\ = -\frac{\kappa}{2}\hat{P}_{a} + \Delta \hat{X}_{a} + \hat{P}_{in}^{\prime}- g\hat{x} , \end{array} \label{OQLEt}\\
\begin{array}{c} \Dot{\hat{x}} \\ \Dot{\hat{p}} \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} = \Omega_m\hat{p},\\ =  -\Omega_m\hat{x} -\Gamma_m\hat{p} -g\hat{X}_{a}+\hat{F}_{ex}. \end{array} \label{MQLEt}
\end{align}

Optical and mechanical inputs to the optomechanical system are represented by conjugate optical field quadratures $\hat{X}_{in}^{\prime}$ and $\hat{P}_{in}^{\prime}$, and by an external force $\hat{F}_{ex}$, respectively. The prime superscript indicates that the field quadratures are defined in the phase space of the reference field, i.e. the intracavity field. We consider a simple model with two optical inputs, $\hat{X}_{in}^{\prime}=\sqrt{\kappa_{ex}}\hat{X}_{d}^{\prime}+\sqrt{\kappa_{c}}\hat{X}_{vac}^{\prime}$ (and $\hat{P}_{in}^{\prime}=\sqrt{\kappa_{ex}}\hat{P}_{d}^{\prime}+\sqrt{\kappa_{c}}\hat{P}_{vac}^{\prime}$),
where the two contributions are associated with intracavity loss
by the coupling of the intracavity photon field with an external vacuum field, $\hat{s}_{vac}=\left(\hat{X}_{vac}^{\prime}+i \hat{P}_{vac}^{\prime}\right)/2$, at a rate $\kappa_c$, and with driving field fluctuations, $\hat{s}_{d}=\left(\hat{X}_{d}^{\prime}+i \hat{P}_{d}^{\prime}\right)/2$, exciting the intracavity photon field at a rate $\kappa_{ex}$. The total coupling rate of the optical cavity with its environment is the sum of individual coupling rates to each external photon baths, i.e. $\kappa=\kappa_{c}+\kappa_{ex}$.
The detuning of the driving field from the cavity resonance is  denoted $\Delta=\omega_{d}-\omega_{0}^{\prime}$, where $\omega_{0}^{\prime}$ includes the static frequency shift of the cavity resonance, $g_0 \bar{x}$, induced by the radiation pressure force, $\hbar g_0 \bar{a}^2$, exerted by the driven intracavity optical field. The effective optomechanical coupling rate, $g=2g_{0}\bar{a}$, captures the mutual transduction between the photon and phonon fields : the cavity photons exchange momentum with the mechanical oscillator via the radiation pressure interaction, while the phase of the intracavity field is modulated by the fluctuations of the cavity length. The strength of the optomechanical coupling scales as the square-root of the mean intracavity photon number, $\bar{a}=\sqrt{N_c}$.
In addition to the radiation pressure force, the mechanical oscillator is driven by external forces, $\hat{F}_{ex}$, which may include, for example, thermal Langevin forces from the non-zero environmental temperature, magnetic forces \cite{Rugar2004}, or dielectric gradient forces \cite{Unterreithmeier2009, Lee2010}. The use of the dimensionless mechanical operators $\hat{x}$ and $\hat{p}$ in Eq. (\ref{MQLEt}) results in the radiation pressure force, $\hat{F}_{rad}=-g\hat{X}_{a}$, and the external forces, $\hat{F}_{ex}$, being normalized to the zero-point momentum $p_{zpf}=\hbar/2x_{zpf}$, where $x_{zpf}=\sqrt{\hbar/2\Omega_m M}$ is the zero-point motion of the mechanical oscillator with mass $M$. The zero-point motion and zero-point momentum are the amplitudes of the mechanical oscillator's displacement and momentum when in its ground state.

As the cavity is driven by an harmonic optical field, it is convenient to switch to frequency domain in order to solve equations (\ref{OQLEt}) and (\ref{MQLEt}). By using the following definition for the  Fourier transform of a time-dependent observable, $\tilde{X}[\Omega]=\int^{+\infty}_{-\infty}\hat{X}(t)e^{i\Omega t}dt$, the time-dependent equations (\ref{OQLEt}) and (\ref{MQLEt}) transform into:
\begin{align}
\begin{array}{c} \tilde{X}_{a} \\ \tilde{P}_{a} \end{array} &
\begin{array}{l} = \chi_c \left[\left(\frac{\kappa}{2}-i\Omega\right) \tilde{X}_{in}^{\prime}-\Delta \tilde{P}_{in}^{\prime}+\Delta g\tilde{x}\right],
\\ =\chi_c \left[\Delta \tilde{X}_{in}^{\prime}+\left(\frac{\kappa}{2}-i\Omega\right) \tilde{P}_{in}^{\prime}- \left(\frac{\kappa}{2}-i\Omega\right) g\tilde{x}\right],\end{array}
\label{OQLEf}\\
\begin{array}{c} \tilde{x} \\ \tilde{p} \end{array} &
\begin{array}{l} = \Omega_m \chi_m \left[-g \tilde{X}_{a} + \tilde{F}_{ex}\right],
\\ =-i \Omega\chi_m \left[-g \tilde{X}_{a} + \tilde{F}_{ex}\right],\end{array}\label{MQLEf}
\end{align}
where we introduce an optical and mechanical susceptibility, $\chi_{c}^{-1}=(\kappa/2-i\Omega)^{2}+\Delta^{2}$ and $\chi_m^{-1}=\Omega_{m}^{2}-\Omega^{2}-i\Omega\Gamma_{m}$, respectively.
Equations (\ref{OQLEf}) ((\ref{MQLEf})) shows that the transduced phonon (photon) field adds to contributions from external photon (phonon) baths to drive the intracavity photon (phonon) field before being filtered by the linear response of the cavity (oscillator).

\section{Cavity output}

The dynamics of the photon and phonon field fluctuations of the optomechanical system driven by external photon and phonon field fluctuations is described by the set of equations (\ref{OQLEf}) and (\ref{MQLEf}). In practice however, optomechanical system observables, that are the amplitude and phase quadratures of the intracavity photon field and the position and momentum of the mechanical resonator, are not easily accessible and are inferred via the detection of the cavity output field fluctuations, $\hat{s}_{out}=\left(\hat{X}_{out}^{+}+i\hat{X}_{out}^{-}\right)/2$. Considering a lossy optical cavity driven by an optical field, time reversal symmetry and energy conservation \cite{Haus1984} yields the following linear relations between input, output and intracavity fields:
\noindent\begin{minipage}[b]{0.4\linewidth}
\begin{equation}\bar{a}=\frac{\sqrt{\kappa_{ex}}}{\kappa/2-i\Delta}\bar{s}_d, \label{input-intra}\end{equation}
\end{minipage}%
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.15\linewidth}
~
\end{minipage}%
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth}
\begin{equation}\sqrt{\kappa_{ex}}\hat{a}=\hat{s}_{d} +\epsilon\hat{s}_{out}.\label{input-output}\end{equation}
\end{minipage}\par\vspace{\belowdisplayskip}
\noindent Here, we denote the mean classical parts of the probe and output fields by $\bar{s}_d$ and $\bar{s}_{out}$, respectively.
The coefficient $\epsilon=\pm 1$ can be arbitrarily chosen to provide a physical meaning to Eq. (\ref{input-output}). Common usage sets $\epsilon=1$ for a Fabry-P\'erot-type cavity while $\epsilon=-1$ for a whispering-gallery mode cavity.

As $\bar{a}$ was chosen to carry the zero-phase reference the phases of input and output fields are defined relative to the phase of the intracavity field and can be derived from equations (\ref{input-intra}) and (\ref{input-output}) :
$\phi_{d}=-\arctan\left[\frac{2\Delta}{\kappa}\right]$, and $\phi_{out}=-\arctan\left[\frac{2\Delta}{\kappa_{c}-\kappa_{ex}}\right]$.
Optical fields detuned from the cavity resonance are rotated by the cavity while optical fields on resonance with the cavity remains in phase inside and outside of the cavity.

\section{Probing the mechanics}

In order to determine the experimental conditions enabling optimal displacement sensing, we may first investigate the influence of detuning ($\Delta$) between the probe beam and the optical cavity resonance. In fact detuning has several detrimental effects on the measurement sensitivity. First of all Eq. (\ref{input-intra}) shows that increasing the detuning reduces the circulating power in the cavity and consequently weakens the optomechanical interaction strength $g$. Additionally the cavity induced phase rotations mix conjugate quadratures of the probe field into the output field what may hinder quantum-enhanced measurement with nonclassical states \cite{Hoff2013}. Detuning also affects the dynamics of the mechanical oscillator as the radiation pressure force that drives it depends on its position. This optomechanical feedback on the position of the mechanical oscillator modifies the stiffness and the damping rate of the mechanical resonator, a phenomenon that is known as dynamical backaction and may generate additional noise due to parametric instabilities \cite{Rokhsari2005}.

We now consider resonant probing of a cavity optomechanical system, i.e. $\Delta=0$, where all optical fields are in phase, thus $\tilde{X}^{\prime}=\tilde{X}$ and $\tilde{P}^{\prime}=\tilde{P}$. The amplitude and phase quadratures of the output field are derived from equations (\ref{OQLEf}) and (\ref{input-output}):
\begin{align}
\epsilon\tilde{X}_{out}&=\frac{2\sqrt{\eta(1-\eta)}}{1-2i\bar{\Omega}}\tilde{X}_{vac}+\frac{2\eta-1+2i\bar{\Omega}}{1-2i\bar{\Omega}}\tilde{X}_{d}, \label{XoutA}\\
\epsilon\tilde{P}_{out}&=\frac{2\sqrt{\eta(1-\eta)}}{1-2i\bar{\Omega}}\tilde{P}_{vac}+\frac{2\eta-1+2i\bar{\Omega}}{1-2i\bar{\Omega}}\tilde{P}_{d}-\frac{2g\sqrt{\eta/\kappa}}{1-2i\bar{\Omega}}\tilde{x},\label{XoutP}
\end{align}
where $\eta=\kappa_{ex}/\kappa$ is the escape efficiency of intracavity photons into the output field, and $\bar{\Omega}=\Omega/\kappa$ is the sideband frequency normalized to the cavity linewidth.

The motion of the mechanical oscillator is imprinted onto the phase quadrature of the output field. The power spectral density (PSD)
of phase quadrature fluctuations consists of the transduced mechanical oscillations added to the optical shot noise at sideband frequencies, and is given by
\begin{equation}\label{PSDout}
\tilde{S}_{out}^P=\left(1-\frac{4\eta(1-\eta)}{1+4\bar{\Omega}^2}\right)\tilde{S}_{d}^P+\frac{4\eta(1-\eta)}{1+4\bar{\Omega}^2}\tilde{S}_{vac}^P+\frac{4g^2\eta/\kappa}{1+4\bar{\Omega}^2}\tilde{S}_{x}.
\end{equation}
The output spectrum consists of three contributions. The first term in Eq. (\ref{PSDout}) comes from the probe field fluctuations, the second term arises due to cavity loss, and the third term represents the phase fluctuations induced by mechanical oscillations via the optomechanical interaction.
At sideband frequencies within the cavity linewidth ($\bar{\Omega}<1$), vacuum field fluctuations add to probe field fluctuations whereas at sideband frequencies far outside the cavity linewidth ($\bar{\Omega}\gg1$), shot noise is dominated by probe field fluctuations.

The optical shot noise of the output field adds an imprecision noise to the optomechanically transduced signal equivalent to mechanical oscillations with power spectral density:
\begin{equation}\label{imp_noise}
\tilde{S}_{x}^{imp}=\frac{\left(1+4\bar{\Omega}^2\right)\kappa^2}{64\eta^2 g_0^2\bar{s}_d^2}\left[\tilde{S}_{d}^P+\frac{4\eta(1-\eta)}{1+4\bar{\Omega}^2}\left(\tilde{S}_{vac}^P-\tilde{S}_{d}^P\right)\right],
\end{equation}
The imprecision noise is minimized when the optomechanical transduction is maximized. As the effective optomechanical interaction strength increases with the power circulating in the cavity, the smallest imprecision noise is achieved in the overcoupled regime ($\kappa_{ex}\gg\kappa_c$) within the cavity bandwidth ($\bar{\Omega} < 1$), and can be reduced further by increasing the probe power $P_d=\hbar \omega_d \bar{s}_d^2$.

In addition to imprecision noise due to the quantum noise of the probe field at all frequencies, random momentum kicks imparted onto the mechanical oscillator by fluctuations in the amplitude of the intracavity field drive mechanical oscillations, generating noise within the oscillator's linewidth called quantum backaction (QBA) noise. The QBA radiation pressure force impinging onto the mechanical oscillator and external forces, Eq. (\ref{MQLEf}), both drive the mechanical oscillator:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{S}_x=\Omega_m^2\left|\chi_m\right|^2\left(\tilde{S}_{ex}+\tilde{S}_{qba}\right),
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{S}_{ex}$ and $\tilde{S}_{qba}$ are the spectra of the external and quantum backaction forces, respectively.
The power spectral density of QBA noise is obtained from Eq. (\ref{OQLEf}) at zero-detuning:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{S}_x^{qba}=\left|\chi_m\right|^2\frac{64\eta g_0^2\bar{s}_d^2\bar{\Omega}_m^2}{1+4\bar{\Omega}^2}\left[\tilde{S}_d^X+(1-\eta)\left(\tilde{S}_{vac}^X-\tilde{S}_d^X\right)\right].
\end{equation}
where $\bar{\Omega}_m=\Omega_m/\kappa$ is the oscillator's resonance frequency normalized to the optical cavity linewidth.
In contrast to the imprecision noise, QBA noise increases with the power circulating in the cavity due to increased radiation pressure backaction force driving the mechanical oscillator. Consequently QBA noise is minimized in the undercoupled regime  $\left(\kappa_{ex}\ll\kappa_c\right)$ outside of the cavity bandwidth $\left(\bar{\Omega} > 1\right)$. We may already foresee that there exists a trade off between imprecision noise and QBA noise for achieving  an optimal measurement sensitivity.

In the limit of zero ($\eta\rightarrow 0$) or infinite ($\eta\rightarrow 1$) cavity bandwidth, equivalent to the absence of a cavity, the optomechanical interaction is negligibly weak. Therefore the output phase quadrature consists only of phase noise from the probe field, which leads to infinite imprecision noise. Similarly the radiation pressure force from the probe field is negligibly weak, thus the QBA noise is negligibly small.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Simp_eta2.pdf}%
  \caption{\label{Simp_eta
    Imprecision noise at the mechanical sideband for increasing sideband resolution $\Omega_m/\kappa_c=0.1$ (red), $1$ (magenta), $10$ (cyan) and $100$ (blue). Thin (thick) traces indicate imprecision noise for coherent (quantum-enhanced) probing with probe power $P_{min}$. Phase squeezed vacuum states with 8.7 dB reduced variance at the mechanical sidebands are used as quantum enhanced probing resources. Gray and Black stars  indicate the minimum of thin and thick traces, respectively.}
\end{figure}

Mechanical oscillations with angular frequency $\Omega_m$ scatter probe photons at $\omega_d$ into optical sidebands at $\omega_d\pm\Omega_m$. Therefore optical power measurements at these sidebands provides a measure of the amplitude of the mechanical oscillations. For resonant probing, information on the position of the oscillator is carried by the phase quadrature of the output field and can be retrieved, for example, by homodyne detection. We assume perfect detection efficiency for simplicity of the calculations. The total noise on the measurement of the mechanical oscillations' amplitude is given by the sum of imprecision noise and QBA noise at the mechanical sideband :
\begin{align}
\tilde{S}_x^{tot}[\Omega_m]
=&\tilde{S}_x^{imp}[\Omega_m]+\tilde{S}_x^{qba}[\Omega_m],\notag\\
=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{\eta}\Gamma_m\mathcal{P}}\left[\tilde{S}_d^P+\frac{4\eta(1-\eta)}{1+4\bar{\Omega}_m^2}\left(\tilde{S}_{vac}^P-\tilde{S}_{d}^P\right)\right]\notag\\
&+\frac{\mathcal{P}}{\sqrt{\eta}\Gamma_m}\left[\tilde{S}_d^X+\left(1-\eta\right)\left(\tilde{S}_{vac}^X-\tilde{S}_d^X\right)\right],\label{Stot}
\end{align}
where we have introduced the normalized power $\mathcal{P}$ :
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{P}=\frac{P_{d}}{P_{opt}}=\frac{4\sqrt{\eta}}{1+4\bar{\Omega}_m^2}\frac{g^2}{\Gamma_m\kappa},
\end{equation}
which is the ratio of the probe power to an optimal power at which imprecision and QBA noises are balanced, thereby achieving a minimum in measurement sensitivity.

\begin{figure}[b]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Sqba_eta2.pdf}%
  \caption{\label{Sqba_eta
    QBA noise at the mechanical sideband for increasing sideband resolution $\Omega_m/\kappa_c=0.1$ (red), $1$ (magenta), $10$ (cyan) and $100$ (blue). Thin (thick) traces indicate QBA noise for coherent (quantum-enhanced) probing with probe power $P_{min}$. Phase squeezed vacuum states with 8.7 dB reduced variance at mechanical sidebands are used as quantum enhanced probing resources. Gray and Black stars  indicate the maximum of thin and thick traces, respectively.}
\end{figure}

We consider two different probing resources to measure the oscillation amplitude of the mechanical resonator: coherent states and phase squeezed vacuum states. Coherent states obey the same correlation function as the vacuum state, i.e. $\tilde{S}_d^X=\tilde{S}_d^P=\tilde{S}_{vac}^X=\tilde{S}_{vac}^P=1$ \cite{Gardiner2004}.
Phase squeezed vacuum states result from quadrature entanglement between the sidebands of the probe field. Phase squeezed vacuum states are generated at the mechanical sideband frequencies, $\omega_d\pm\Omega_m$, within a bandwidth larger than the oscillator's linewidth, and obey the correlation function $\tilde{S}_d^P[\Omega_m]=1\left/\tilde{S}_d^X[\Omega_m]\right.=e^{-2r}$ \cite{Gardiner2004}, where $r\geq0$ is the degree of squeezing.
One requirement on implementing a squeezing-enhanced measurement scheme is to be able to generate significant phase squeezing at the mechanical sidebands.
Typically, mechanical oscillators used in quantum optomechanics experiments display resonance frequencies in the range of $1$-$100$ MHz. Several methods are also available to produce quadrature squeezed states in this frequency range, including optical parametric amplification, resonant second-harmonic generation and Kerr-nonlinearity in optical fibers.

\section{Limits of measurement sensitivity}

In order to determine the limits in measurement sensitivity of mechanical displacements we first consider the case where the cavity optomechanical system is driven by a coherent optical field. The total noise then reads $\tilde{S}_x^{coh}[\Omega_m]=\left(\mathcal{P}+1/\mathcal{P}\right)\left/\Gamma_m\sqrt{\eta}\right.$. The minimum in measurement sensitivity set by fundamental quantum noise is the standard quantum limit (SQL) and is reached for a normalized power equal to unity in the limit of high overcoupling, $\eta\rightarrow 1$ : $\tilde{S}_x^{coh}[\Omega_m]\rightarrow\tilde{S}_x^{sql}=2/\Gamma_m$.
Maximum sensitivity with a coherent probe field is achieved at a probe power $P^{sql}=\left[\eta^{-3/2}(1+4\bar{\Omega}_m^2)/4\bar{\Omega}_m^2\right]P_{min}$,
where $P_{min}\left/\hbar\omega_d\right. =\Gamma_m\Omega_m^2\left/16g_0^2\right.$ is the minimum probe power at which a measurement sensitivity at the SQL can be achieved. Reaching the SQL at a minimum probe power $P_{min}$ requires to be highly overcoupled ($\eta\rightarrow 1$) in the resolved sideband regime ($\bar{\Omega}_m\gg 1$).

Figures (\ref{Simp_eta}) and (\ref{Sqba_eta}) show imprecision noise and QBA noise at the mechanical sideband for a coherent and squeezed probe field with power $P_{min}$. In both figures the noise level is plotted against the cavity coupling parameter $\left(\eta=\kappa_{ex}\left/\kappa\right.\right)$ for various degrees of intrinsic sideband resolution $\left(\Omega_m\left/\kappa_c\right.\right)$ of the optomechanical system. A degree of squeezing $r=1$ is arbitrarily chosen, and yields a phase noise reduction on the probe field of $8.7$ dB, well within reach of current technology \cite{Eberle2010}. Both gray and black stars show that the minimum imprecision noise (maximum QBA noise) decreases (increases) as the resolution of the mechanical sideband increases, regardless of the probing method used. Probing mechanical oscillations at phase squeezed sidebands tends to reduce the imprecision noise while enhancing the QBA noise. The former trend is easily understood as imprecision noise arises from phase fluctuations of the probe beam while the later trend can be explained by anti-squeezed amplitude quadrature fluctuations driving mechanical oscillations.
It can be seen on Fig. (\ref{Simp_eta}) that quantum-enhanced probing yields limited improvement in measurement sensitivity in the bad-cavity limit $\left(\Omega_m\left/\kappa_c<1\right.\right)$ as intrinsic cavity loss damages squeezed states at sideband frequencies within the cavity linewidth.
When the cavity is critically coupled ($\eta=0.5$) and $\Omega_m \ll \kappa$, all drive fluctuations entering the cavity pass through and leave through loss ports. On the other hand, fluctuations that enter through loss ports all couple through the cavity to the output field. Therefore squeezing the drive field offers no benefit to imprecision noise reduction in this regime.
It is worthwhile here to draw an analogy to interferometry where the sensitivity is improved by injecting squeezed vacuum states in the dark port rather than the bright port \cite{Caves1981}. If vacuum fluctuations entering the cavity via $\kappa_c$ can be replaced by squeezed vacuum states then one can recover quantum enhanced sensitivity in the bad-cavity non-resolved sideband limit.

\begin{figure}[b]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{SQvsP2.pdf}%
  \caption{\label{SQvsP
    Quantum noise on mechanical displacement measurement in the overcoupled regime ($\eta=0.8$) at as a function of probe power and squeezing degree. The intrinsic sideband resolve parameter is $\Omega_m/\kappa_c =22$, corresponding to the system described in Ref. \cite{Verhagen2012}. Black lines indicate 3 dB, 10 dB and 20 dB of quantum noise above the SQL.}
\end{figure}

Optimum quantum-enhanced imprecision noise reduction is reached in the regime of negligible intracavity decay rate compared to both optical input coupling rate and mechanical resonance frequency, i.e. $\kappa_c \ll \kappa_{ex}, \Omega_m$, where the squeezed sidebands are far off resonance, and therefore little affected by cavity loss. Unfortunately this regime also corresponds to maximum QBA noise, although QBA noise is usually hidden by imprecision noise and Brownian motion, and has only been recently observed experimentally \cite{Purdy2013, Safavi2013}.

Fig. \ref{SQvsP} shows the total noise on measurements performed in the overcoupled regime ($\eta=0.8$) at various probe power and squeezing degrees. It is clear that strong squeezing of the phase quadrature fluctuations of the probe field gives access to measurement sensitivities close to the SQL at low powers. As expected from Eq. (\ref{Stot}), the minimum noise level is achieved for $\tilde{S}_d^P\left[\Omega_m]/\mathcal{P}\right.\approx1$. However, due to intrinsic cavity loss, i.e. $\eta<1$, the imprecision noise and QBA noise are unbalanced for high degrees of squeezing, what degrades the measurement sensitivity.

\section{Application to current systems}

\begin{figure*}[b]
  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{Stot_pow6dB_simpler.pdf}%
  \caption{\label{Stot_pow}
  Quantum noise on mechanical displacement measurement with increasing probe power: -6 dB (magenta), 0 dB (cyan), and +6 dB (blue) over $P_{min}$. Plain traces correspond to coherent probing while dashed traces correspond to quantum-enhanced probing with phase noise reduction of 6 dB at sideband frequencies. The cavity optomechanical system is intrinsically in the resolved sideband regime with $\Omega_m/\kappa_c=22$ \cite{Verhagen2012}. The gray dashed trace represents the SQL.}
\end{figure*}

State-of-the-art cavity optomechanical systems that operate far into the resolved sideband regime $\left(\left.\Omega_m\right/\kappa\gtrsim 10\right)$ can be found among whispering-gallery-mode resonators \cite{Schliesser2008, Verhagen2012} and optomechanical crystals \cite{Eichenfield2009, Chan2011}. The later are not ideally suited for quantum-enhanced measurements as their high mechanical resonance frequencies ($\Omega_m>1$ GHz) lie outside of the bandwidth of state-of-the-art squeezing sources \cite{Ast2013}. The former display mechanical resonances at lower frequencies ($\Omega_m\sim100$ MHz) that can be probed with significant quantum noise reduction ($\sim 5$ dB @ $100$ MHz \cite{Ast2013, Mehmet2010}).

We consider the optomechanical system in Ref. \cite{Verhagen2012} which has a critically coupled sideband factor $\Omega_m/2\kappa_c =11$ for a mechanical resonance frequency of 78 MHz. Given optical and mechanical quality factors, $Q_c=5.5\times 10^7$ and $Q_m=9600$, and vacuum optomechanical coupling rate $g_0=2\pi\times 1.7 kHz$, we calculate the minimum probe power required to reach the SQL, $P_{min}=860$ nW. Fig. (\ref{Stot_pow}) shows the total noise on the measurement of mechanical oscillations induced by quantum fluctuations of the probe field, for probe powers : -6 dB (magenta), 0 dB (cyan), +6 dB (blue) over $P_{min}$. We compare quantum noise of displacement measurements for both coherent and quantum-enhanced probing. The squeezing source of Ref. \cite{Mehmet2010} can be used to provide phase squeezed vacuum states with 6 dB squeezing at 78 MHz sidebands. We consider the same degree of anti-squeezing for simplicity.
Clearly for impure squeezed states with increased anti-squeezing, the quantum backaction term would increase, degrading the optimal achievable sensitivity and precluding reaching the SQL.
As expected the measurement sensitivity increases with increasing probe power until the SQL is approached at $P_{min}$.
This is expected, since in the regime where imprecision noise dominates QBA noise, increasing the number of photons probing the mechanical resonator enhances the transduction of mechanical motion.
For measurements at probe powers above $P_{min}$, QBA noise is no longer negligible and may dominate imprecision noise above the SQL.
However, the QBA noise becomes less significant when the optical cavity is both strongly over- and under-coupled. Therefore the SQL can still be reached at higher optical coupling $\eta$. For a system intrinsically in the resolved sideband regime, probing the mechanics with a squeezed state improves the measurement sensitivity in a similar way as increasing probe power. For example, a measurement using a 10 dB phase-squeezed state achieves sensitivity equivalent to a 10 dB increase in probe power. This statement holds true when comparing measurement sensitivities at probe power lower than $P_{min}$ or in the strongly overcoupled regime. However, significant qualitative differences arise for measurements in the undercoupled regime at probe powers higher than $P_{min}$, where quantum-enhanced measurements perform better than an equivalent increase in probe power.

\section{Conclusion}

We have shown that optimum measurement sensitivities are reached in the highly overcoupled regime, $\eta\rightarrow 1$, for optomechanical systems with high intrinsic sideband factors, $\Omega_m\left/\kappa_c\right.\gg1$. High optomechanical coupling, $g_0$, and low mechanical damping, $\Gamma_m$, contribute to enhance the transduction of mechanical motion which has both the effect of reducing imprecision noise and increasing QBA noise, thereby lowering the probe power required to reach sensitivities at the SQL. At low probe power, keeping the QBA below shot noise, quantum-enhanced probing can significantly improve measurement sensitivities. On the other hand, quantum-enhanced probing yield little to no improvement in measurement sensitivities for systems with low intrinsic sideband factors, $\Omega_m\left/\kappa_c\right. <1$, in which optimal measurement sensitivities are reached at critical coupling. However quantum-enhanced measurements may find applications in systems where probe power is limited by technical or practical reasons. It may also provide a way to approach SQL in the undercoupled regime, where the finesse of the optical cavity is the highest.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

This research was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research (Sapere Aude program) and the Lundbeck Foundation. W. P. Bowen acknowledges funding by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence CE110001013 and Discovery Project DP0987146.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Innovate+Educate a catalyst for job growth in Albuquerque
Innovate+Educate boosting New Mexico's economy by helping residents identify their skills
With Katy Marcotte's assistance, Kaisa Lappalainen (left) uses WorkKeys assessment to test her skills for a new job. The testing measures practical job skills like "workplace observation" rather than academic subject matter.
After the assessment, staff at community sites like the YMCA help job-seekers fine-tune or improve their workforce skills. Testing sites are offering trainings on everything from resume-building to Microsoft Excel.
Franklin "Frank" Benson stands outside the University of New Mexico's hospital in Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he works as an orderly. Benson is using Innovate +Educate's TalentABQ program to make a career shift.
Franklin Benson is hoping the program will help him land a job as a corrections officer. Benson was required to take the WorkKeys assessment and reach a certain benchmark to be considered for the position.
One of the reasons why New Mexico has the second highest poverty rate in the United States is a significant number of people who want to work can't find employment.
This is especially true in Albuquerque, where almost 40 percent of students don't graduate from high school and more than 30,000 people are unemployed.
But there is hope for a growing number of Albuquerque residents who are working with Innovate+Educate, a Santa Fe-based nonprofit agency whose workforce development program links workers and employers.
"In New Mexico, there aren't many people who get a four or even two-year degree. So there needs to be more opportunities for non-traditional pathways to jobs," said Jamai Blivin, CEO of Innovate+Educate. "Higher-level education is a good thing, but the state needs quick pathways to sustainable jobs too."
In 2013, with the support of local leaders and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Innovate+Educate opened a site in Albuquerque called TalentABQ, aimed at helping those who have struggled to find work get a "leg up" in the job search process.
Using a methodical skills-based hiring model, TalentABQ assesses and builds job seekers' qualifications and credibility to access a new job. The core foundational skills that are measured through Talent ABQ are found across 95 percent of all jobs in the U.S. The skills assessments help employers identify job readiness, provides return on investment to their hiring and has shown lower costs to hire and train once they hire candidates. It also provides jobseekers new ways to "show their skills" rather than traditional methods such as degrees.
Job applicants begin by taking a WorkKeys® assessment — available for free at community sites and partnering agencies across Albuquerque — which examines practical job skills like "workplace observation," or being vigilant of one's surroundings, rather than traditional academic subjects. After the assessment, training providers across the region work to coach job seekers and help them build on their skills by offering training on everything from resume building to Microsoft Excel.
According to Blake Graves, a teacher at Goodwill Industries of New Mexico, one of the partnering testing and training sites, TalentABQ is making job training more accessible to New Mexicans traditionally excluded from the job market and helping them recognize their qualifications.
"Everyone has slammed the door on their faces and we open it wide to everyone who may benefit: high school dropouts, senior citizens, master's degree holders, those who have been laid off, those who are formerly incarcerated and more," said Graves. "We work to create a personalized path to success, tailored to fit their needs, their goals and desire for the future."
Already, TalentABQ is connecting residents, many of whom face significant barriers, to long-awaited jobs. For others, like Franklin Benson, the program is providing an opportunity to make a career shift.
Benson, 34, works as an orderly at the University of New Mexico hospital, but hopes TalentABQ will help him become a corrections officer. Benson was required to take the WorkKeys® assessment and reach a certain benchmark to be considered for the position.
While the testing process wasn't easy — Benson took, studied and retook the test multiple times to reach his desired score — he credits the program with helping him in the application process and landing an interview. Benson, who is working on the next steps in the extensive hiring process, said he recommends the program to anyone looking for a new job.
The program isn't just for job-seekers. In a metropolitan job market like Albuquerque, where turnover can be high, finding the right people to fill positions can be just as challenging for many employers.
With close to 500 people on their payroll throughout New Mexico, Brewer Oil, an Albuquerque-based oil company in operation for 50 years, chose to use WorkKeys® as a tool to hire candidates who could develop into managerial positions, thus improving overall job retention, said Tom Hennessey, Brewer Oil's director of retail operations.
"We were getting applications with too little information. Standardized testing that measures skill sets in Algebra and English didn't correlate with how well a person would be as a supervisor at one of our convenience stores," Hennessey said. "[WorkKeys® assessments] give us a better snapshot of the individual based on who they are, what they've done, and where they've been before sitting down to interview."
Innovate+Educate's findings show that job performance is twice as effective a predictor of future performance as an academic degree, and a cognitive skills test like WorkKeys® is five times more predictive of job success than years of education.
According to Blivin, the model has been successful at reducing turnover rates by 73 percent and time-to-hire rates by 60 percent. It's also revealed a "hidden talent pool" in their partnering cities.
"Only 1 percent of high risk youth can secure a job without a degree, but 33 percent of those same youth actually possess the skills needed to perform the same job," said Blivin.
Creative workforce solutions like Innovate+Educate's TalentABQ provide much more than a means for Albuquerque residents to find a job — they reimagine pathways toward upward economic mobility.
"Innovate+Educate and their skills-based assessment tool have so much promise because we can focus on the work that matters as related to the direct connection to employment," said Vicki Mora, CEO of AGC New Mexico, an Innovate+Educate partner. "And with programs like this, that's where New Mexico is going to do really great work."
W.K. Kellogg Foundation
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Provide funds to support a charitable event, a conference of cross-sector partners to advance employment outcomes for vulnerable families and highlight successful skills-based, demand-driven employment approaches
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Oct. 1, 2014 - Nov. 30, 2014
Read More Community Learning Partnership (CLP) of Southeast Michigan establishes leadership degree programs to prepare students for careers in service Community Learning Partnership of Southeast Michigan building tomorrow's community leaders today
Read More The Walatowa Head Start Language Immersion Program is the first of its kind in the country. Located on the Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, the preschool provides full instruction in the tribe's Towa language. Nationally-recognized New Mexico preschool strengthens Native American language, culture
Read More Hispanic Center of Western Michigan empowers the Latino community. Hispanic Center of Western Michigan helps Latino community thrive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


[origin: WO9902616A1] This invention provides a solvent composition comprising 1-bromopropane and a decafluoropentane for use as a cleaning and degreasing solvent. Preferably the decafluoropentane consists essentially of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane. The solvent composition optionally includes stabilizers and co-solvents such as alcohols, ketones, ethers, acetals, nitroalkanes, epoxides and amines. Specific compositions of 1-bromopropane, 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and optional stabilizers provide azeotrope compositions that are particularly well suited as cleaning and degreasing solvents.


text:
COACHES HOT SEAT
"Covering College Football Coaching from Miami to Honolulu"
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WINNINGEST ACTIVE COACHES
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Monthly Archive: May 2020
COACHES HOT SEAT > 2020 > May
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Sunday, May 31, 2020 – Mark Twain
Harry May 31, 2020
"At last the lake burst upon us–a noble sheet of blue water lifted six thousand three hundred feet above the level of the sea, and walled in by a rim of snow-clad mountain peaks that towered aloft three thousand feet higher still! As it lay there with the shadows of the mountains brilliantly photographed upon its still surface, I thought it must surely be the fairest picture the whole world affords." Mark Twain on Lake Tahoe, Roughing It, 1861
"It could probably be shown by facts and figures that there is no distinctly native criminal class except Congress."
"Don't go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first."
"Go to Heaven for the climate, Hell for the company."
"It is better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to open one's mouth and remove all doubt."
"A man is never more truthful than when he acknowledges himself a liar."
"A man who carries a cat by the tail learns something he can learn in no other way. "
"In the first place, God made idiots. That was for practice. Then he made school boards."
"Good friends, good books and a sleepy conscience: this is the ideal life."
"Get your facts first, then you can distort them as you please."
"Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter."
"Apparently there is nothing that cannot happen today."
"Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear."
"Truth is stranger than fiction, but it is because Fiction is obliged to stick to possibilities; Truth isn't."
"The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man who lives fully is prepared to die at any time."
"Clothes make the man. Naked people have little or no influence on society."
"There are lies, damned lies and statistics."
"The lack of money is the root of all evil."
"A man's character may be learned from the adjectives which he habitually uses in conversation."
"All you need is ignorance and confidence and the success is sure."
"My mother had a great deal of trouble with me, but I think she enjoyed it."
"The only way to keep your health is to eat what you don't want, drink what you don't like, and do what you'd rather not."
"The most interesting information comes from children, for they tell all they know and then stop."
"Life would be infinitely happier if we could only be born at the age of eighty and gradually approach eighteen."
"Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand."
"The trouble ain't that there is too many fools, but that the lightning ain't distributed right."
"I didn't attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying I approved of it."
"Substitute "damn" every time you're inclined to write "very"; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be."
"When angry, count to four; when very angry, swear."
"Don't tell fish stories where the people know you; but particularly, don't tell them where they know the fish."
'There are basically two types of people. People who accomplish things, and people who claim to have accomplished things. The first group is less crowded."
"A person with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds."
"I don't give a damn for a man that can only spell a word one way."
"Let us live so that when we come to die even the undertaker will be sorry."
"It's no wonder that truth is stranger than fiction. Fiction has to make sense."
"It is curious that physical courage should be so common in the world and moral courage so rare."
"The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and a lightning bug."
"The man who is a pessimist before 48 knows too much; if he is an optimist after it, he knows too little."
"The public is the only critic whose opinion is worth anything at all."
"I haven't a particle of confidence in a man who has no redeeming petty vices whatsoever."
'Reader, suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a member of Congress. But I repeat myself."
"The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a large matter—'tis the difference between the lightning-bug and the lightning."
"Humor is the great thing, the saving thing. The minute it crops up, all our hardnesses yield, all our irritations and resentments flit away and a sunny spirit takes their place."
"I was sorry to have my name mentioned as one of the great authors, because they have a sad habit of dying off. Chaucer is dead, Spencer is dead, so is Milton, so is Shakespeare, and I'm not feeling so well myself."
"Always do right. This will gratify some people, and astonish the rest."
"The only reason why God created man is because he was disappointed with the monkey."
"Thunder is good, thunder is impressive; but it is lightning that does the work."
"Always acknowledge a fault frankly. This will throw those in authority off their guard and give you opportunity to commit more."
"Thousands of geniuses live and die undiscovered — either by themselves or by others. But for the Civil War, Lincoln and Grant and Sherman and Sheridan would not have been discovered, nor have risen into notice. … I have touched upon this matter in a small book which I wrote a generation ago and which I have not published as yet — Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven. When Stormfield arrived in heaven he … was told that … a shoemaker … was the most prodigious military genius the planet had ever produced."
"Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts." The Innocents Abroad, 1869
"He had discovered a great law of human action, without knowing it — namely, that in order to make a man or a boy covet a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to obtain." The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1876
"Work consists of whatever a body is OBLIGED to do, and…Play consists of whatever a body is not obliged to do." The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, 1876
"France has neither winter nor summer nor morals. Apart from these drawbacks it is a fine country."
"Familiarity breeds contempt — and children."
"In the beginning of a change, the patriot is a scarce man, and brave, and hated and scorned. When his cause succeeds, the timid join him, for then it costs nothing to be a patriot"
"Never let your schooling interfere with your education."
"Patriotism is supporting your country all the time, and your government when it deserves it."
Wikipedia: Mark Twain
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, Mark Twain
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Saturday, May 30, 2020 – George Allen
"Each of us has been put on earth with the ability to do something well. We cheat ourselves and the world if we don't use that ability as best we can."
"Every day you waste is one you can never make up."
"One of the most difficult things everyone has to learn is that for your entire life you must keep fighting and adjusting if you hope to survive. No matter who you are or what your position is you must keep fighting for whatever it is you desire to achieve."
"People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. Most men succeed because they are determined to."
"Winning is the science of being totally prepared."
"Every time you win, you're reborn; when you lose, you die a little."
"Work hard, stay positive, and get up early. It's the best part of the day."
"The achiever is the only individual who is truly alive."
"The future? This team hasn't been to the playoffs in over two decades and you're worried about the future? The Future is Now!"
"Football isn't necessarily won by the best players. It's won by the team with the best attitude."
"Football is one-third offense, one-third defense, and one-third special teams."
"If you can accept defeat and open your pay envelope without feeling guilty, you're stealing."
"Try not to do too many things at once. Know what you want, the number one thing today and tomorrow. Persevere and get it done."
"Success is what you do with your ability. It's how you use your talent."
"Leisure time is that five or six hours when you sleep at night."
"The street to obscurity is paved with athletes who can perform great feats before friendly crowds."
"The tougher the job, the greater the reward."
"Forget the past- the future will give you plenty to worry about"
"How badly do you want it?"
"Persevere and get it done."
Wikipedia: George Allen
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, George Allen
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Friday, May 29, 2020 – Tennessee Williams
"A high station in life is earned by the gallantry with which appalling experiences are survived with grace."
"All of us are guinea pigs in the laboratory of God. Humanity is just a work in progress."
"Death is one moment, and life is so many of them."
"Don't look forward to the day you stop suffering, because when it comes you'll know you're dead."
"Enthusiasm is the most important thing in life."
"For time is the longest distance between two places."
"Hell is yourself and the only redemption is when a person puts himself aside to feel deeply for another person."
"I have always been pushed by the negative. The apparent failure of a play sends me back to my typewriter that very night, before the reviews are out. I am more compelled to get back to work than if I had a success."
"I have found it easier to identify with the characters who verge upon hysteria, who were frightened of life, who were desperate to reach out to another person. But these seemingly fragile people are the strong people really."
"If the writing is honest it cannot be separated from the man who wrote it."
"In memory everything seems to happen to music."
"Life is all memory, except for the one present moment that goes by you so quickly you hardly catch it going."
"Life is an unanswered question, but let's still believe in the dignity and importance of the question."
"Life is partly what we make it, and partly what it is made by the friends we choose."
Luck is believing you're lucky.
"Luxury is the wolf at the door and its fangs are the vanities and conceits germinated by success. When an artist learns this, he knows where the danger is."
"Mendacity is a system that we live in. Liquor is one way out an death's the other."
"Most of the confidence which I appear to feel, especially when influenced by noon wine, is only a pretense."
"Oh, you weak, beautiful people who give up with such grace. What you need is someone to take hold of you – gently, with love, and hand your life back to you."
"Once you fully apprehend the vacuity of a life without struggle, you are equipped with the basic means of salvation."
"Some mystery should be left in the revelation of character in a play, just as a great deal of mystery is always left in the revelation of character in life, even in one's own character to himself."
"Success and failure are equally disastrous."
"Success is blocked by concentrating on it and planning for it… Success is shy – it won't come out while you're watching."
"The future is called 'perhaps,' which is the only possible thing to call the future. And the important thing is not to allow that to scare you."
"The only thing worse than a liar is a liar that's also a hypocrite!"
"The strongest influences in my life and my work are always whomever I love. Whomever I love and am with most of the time, or whomever I remember most vividly. I think that's true of everyone, don't you?"
"Time rushes towards us with its hospital tray of infinitely varied narcotics, even while it is preparing us for its inevitably fatal operation."
"To be free is to have achieved your life."
"We all live in a house on fire, no fire department to call; no way out, just the upstairs window to look out of while the fire burns the house down with us trapped, locked in it."
"When I stop working the rest of the day is posthumous. I'm only really alive when I'm writing."
"Why did I write? Because I found life unsatisfactory."
"You can be young without money but you can't be old without it."
"The theatre is a place where one has time for the problems of people to whom one would show the door if they came to one's office for a job."
Wikipedia: Tennessee Williams
Coaches Hot Seat, Tennessee Williams
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Thursday, May 28, 2020 – Ernest Shackleton
"By endurance we conquer."
"Difficulties are just things to overcome, after all."
"Superhuman effort isn't worth a damn unless it achieves results."
"We had seen God in His splendors, heard the text that Nature renders. We had reached the naked soul of man."
"Optimism is true moral courage."
"Leadership is a fine thing, but it has its penalties. And the greatest penalty is loneliness."
"A man must shape himself to a new mark directly the old one goes to ground."
"I have often marveled at the thin line which separates success from failure."
"You often have to hide from them not only the truth, but your feelings about the truth. You may know that the facts are dead against you, but you mustn't say so."
"If you're a leader, a fellow that other fellows look to, you've got to keep going."
Shackleton's Leadership of the Endurance Expedition, Charles Chappell, Wharton Exeutive MBS Program (pdf)
1. Put your people first
2. Be flexible in tactics
3. Choose your people carefully – for character, not just competence
4. Sustain optimism in the face of adversity
5. Lead by example
6. Strive for equal treatment
7. Exercise caution in pursuit of the goal
8. Balance optimism with realism
Leadership Lessons From the Shackleton Expedition, Nancy F. Koehin, New York Times
Wikipedia: Ernest Shackleton
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, Ernest Shackleton
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Wednesday, May 27, 2020 – Helen Keller
"Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much."
"Although the world is full of suffering, it is also full of the overcoming of it."
"Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved."
"I long to accomplish a great and noble task, but it is my chief duty to accomplish small tasks as if they were great and noble."
"Life is a succession of lessons which must be lived to be understood."
"Security is mostly a superstition. It does not exist in nature, nor do the children of men as a whole experience it. Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. Life is either a daring adventure, or nothing."
"True happiness… is not attained through self-gratification, but through fidelity to a worthy purpose."
"My share of the work may be limited, but the fact that it is work makes it precious."
"Never bend your head. Always hold it high. Look the world straight in the eye."
"Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence."
"People do not like to think. If one thinks, one must reach conclusions. Conclusions are not always pleasant."
"The highest result of education is tolerance."
"Walking with a friend in the dark is better than walking alone in the light."
"We can do anything we want to if we stick to it long enough."
"While they were saying among themselves it cannot be done, it was done."
"One can never consent to creep when one feels an impulse to soar."
"We differ, blind and seeing, one from another, not in our senses, but in the use we make of them, in the imagination and courage with which we seek wisdom beyond the senses."
"Tyranny cannot defeat the power of ideas."
"Miss Sullivan touched my forehead and spelled with decided emphasis, "Think." In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head. This was my first conscious perception of an abstract idea. For a long time I was still … trying to find a meaning for "love" in the light of this new idea. The sun had been under a cloud all day, and there had been brief showers; but suddenly the sun broke forth in all its southern splendour. Again I asked my teacher, "Is this not love?"
"Love is something like the clouds that were in the sky before the sun came out," she replied. Then in simpler words than these, which at that time I could not have understood, she explained:
"You cannot touch the clouds, you know; but you feel the rain and know how glad the flowers and the thirsty earth are to have it after a hot day. You cannot touch love either; but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything. Without love you would not be happy or want to play."
The beautiful truth burst upon my mind — I felt that there were invisible lines stretched between my spirit and the spirits of others."
"No matter how dull, or how mean, or how wise a man is, he feels that happiness is his indisputable right."
"A happy life consists not in the absence, but in the mastery of hardships."
"Many persons have a wrong idea of what constitutes true happiness. It is not attained through self-gratification but through fidelity to a worthy purpose."
Wikipedia: Helen Keller
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, Helen Keller
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Tuesday, May 26, 2020 – Michael Crichton
"If you don't know history, then you don't know anything. You are a leaf that doesn't know it is part of a tree."
"Do you know what we call opinion in the absence of evidence? We call it prejudice." State of Fear
"It's better to die laughing than to live each moment in fear."
"What makes you think human beings are sentient and aware? There's no evidence for it. Human beings never think for themselves, they find it too uncomfortable. For the most part, members of our species simply repeat what they are told-and become upset if they are exposed to any different view. The characteristic human trait is not awareness but conformity, and the characteristic result is religious warfare. Other animals fight for territory or food; but, uniquely in the animal kingdom, human beings fight for their 'beliefs.' The reason is that beliefs guide behavior which has evolutionary importance among human beings. But at a time when our behavior may well lead us to extinction, I see no reason to assume we have any awareness at all. We are stubborn, self-destructive conformists. Any other view of our species is just a self-congratulatory delusion. Next question." The Lost World
"God creates dinosaurs, God kills dinosaurs, God creates man, man kills God, man brings back dinosaurs." Jurassic Park
"The planet has survived everything, in its time. It will certainly survive us." Jurassic Park
"You think man can destroy the planet? What intoxicating vanity. Let me tell you about our planet. Earth is four-and-a-half-billion-years-old. There's been life on it for nearly that long, 3.8 billion years. Bacteria first; later the first multicellular life, then the first complex creatures in the sea, on the land. Then finally the great sweeping ages of animals, the amphibians, the dinosaurs, at last the mammals, each one enduring millions on millions of years, great dynasties of creatures rising, flourishing, dying away — all this against a background of continuous and violent upheaval. Mountain ranges thrust up, eroded away, cometary impacts, volcano eruptions, oceans rising and falling, whole continents moving, an endless, constant, violent change, colliding, buckling to make mountains over millions of years. Earth has survived everything in its time. It will certainly survive us. If all the nuclear weapons in the world went off at once and all the plants, all the animals died and the earth was sizzling hot for a hundred thousand years, life would survive, somewhere: under the soil, frozen in Arctic ice. Sooner or later, when the planet was no longer inhospitable, life would spread again. The evolutionary process would begin again. It might take a few billion years for life to regain its present variety. Of course, it would be very different from what it is now, but the earth would survive our folly, only we would not. If the ozone layer gets thinner, ultraviolet radiation sears the earth, so what? Ultraviolet radiation is good for life. It's powerful energy. It promotes mutation, change. Many forms of life will thrive with more UV radiation. Many others will die out. Do you think this is the first time that's happened? Think about oxygen. Necessary for life now, but oxygen is actually a metabolic poison, a corrosive glass, like fluorine. When oxygen was first produced as a waste product by certain plant cells some three billion years ago, it created a crisis for all other life on earth. Those plants were polluting the environment, exhaling a lethal gas. Earth eventually had an atmosphere incompatible with life. Nevertheless, life on earth took care of itself. In the thinking of the human being a hundred years is a long time. A hundred years ago we didn't have cars, airplanes, computers or vaccines. It was a whole different world, but to the earth, a hundred years is nothing. A million years is nothing. This planet lives and breathes on a much vaster scale. We can't imagine its slow and powerful rhythms, and we haven't got the humility to try. We've been residents here for the blink of an eye. If we're gone tomorrow, the earth will not miss us." Jurassic Park
"I am certain there is too much certainty in the world."
"All your life people will tell you things. And most of the time, probably ninety-five percent of the time, what they'll tell you will be wrong." The Lost World
"Praise not the day until evening has come, a woman until she is burnt, a sword until it is tried, a maiden until she is married, ice until it has been crossed, beer until it has been drunk." Eaters of the Dead
"It's hard to decide who's truly brilliant; it's easier to see who's driven, which in the long run may be more important." Congo
"Books aren't written – they're rewritten. Including your own. It is one of the hardest things to accept, especially after the seventh rewrite hasn't quite done it."
"The purpose of life is to stay alive. Watch any animal in nature–all it tries to do is stay alive. It doesn't care about beliefs or philosophy. Whenever any animal's behavior puts it out of touch with the realities of its existence, it becomes exinct." Congo
"In the corner store we pulled fat bottles of water from the shelves. No one thinks it's weird that we have to buy clean water, and that's how I know we're going to hell."
"In the information society, nobody thinks. We expected to banish paper, but we actually banished thought."
"Briefly stated, the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect is as follows. You open the newspaper to an article on some subject you know well. In Murray's case, physics. In mine, show business. You read the article and see the journalist has absolutely no understanding of either the facts or the issues. Often, the article is so wrong it actually presents the story backward—reversing cause and effect. I call these the "wet streets cause rain" stories. Paper's full of them. In any case, you read with exasperation or amusement the multiple errors in a story, and then turn the page to national or international affairs, and read as if the rest of the newspaper was somehow more accurate about Palestine than the baloney you just read. You turn the page, and forget what you know."
"Human beings are so destructive. I sometimes think we're a kind of plague, that will scrub the earth clean. We destroy things so well that I sometimes think, maybe that's our function. Maybe every few eons, some animal comes along that kills off the rest of the world, clears the decks, and lets evolution proceed to its next phase." The Lost World
"All your life, other people will try to take your accomplishments away from you. Don't you take it away from yourself." The Lost World
"Anyone who says he knows God's intention is showing a lot of very human ego." Next
"Let's be clear. The planet is not in jeopardy. We are in jeopardy. We haven't got the power to destroy the planet – or to save it. But we might have the power to save ourselves." Jurassic Park
"In other centuries, human beings wanted to be saved, or improved, or freed, or educated. But in our century, they want to be entertained. The great fear is not of disease or death, but of boredom. A sense of time on our hands, a sense of nothing to do. A sense that we are not amused." Timeline
"Raising children is, in a sense, the reason the society exists in the first place. It's the most important thing that happens, and it's the culmination of all the tools and language and social structure that has evolved." The Lost World
"Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled."
"All human behavior has a reason. All behavior is solving a problem." Disclosure
"A hundred years from now, people will look back on us and laugh. They'll say, 'You know what people used to believe? They believed in photons and electrons. Can you imagine anything so silly?' They'll have a good laugh, because by then there will be newer better fantasies… And meanwhile, you feel the way the boat moves? That's the sea. That's real. You smell the salt in the air? You feel the sunlight on your skin? That's all real. Life is wonderful. It's a gift to be alive, to see the sun and breathe the air. And there isn't really anything else." The Lost World
"Exercise invigorates the body and sharpens the mind."
"Nobody dares to solve the problems-because the solution might contradict your philosophy, and for most people clinging to beliefs is more important than succeeding in the world." State of Fear
"Working inspires inspiration. Keep working. If you succeed, keep working. If you fail, keep working. If you are interested, keep working. If you are bored, keep working."
"His management philosophy, tempered in his rain-dancing days, was always to give the project to whoever had the most to gain from success–or the most to lose from failure." Congo
"The greatest challenge facing mankind is the challenge of distinguishing reality from fantasy, truth from propaganda. Perceiving the truth has always been a challenge to mankind, but in the information age (or as I think of it, the disinformation age) it takes on a special urgency and importance."
"The purpose of history is to explain the present – to say why the world around us is the way it is. History tells us what is important in our world, and how it came to be. It tells us what is to be ignored, or discarded. That is true power – profound power. The power to define a whole society." Timeline
"I want to pause here and talk about this notion of consensus, and the rise of what has been called consensus science. I regard consensus science as an extremely pernicious development that ought to be stopped cold in its tracks. Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had.
Wikipedia: Michael Crichton
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, Michael Crichton
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Monday, May 25, 2020 – Chester William Nimitz
"I do believe we are going to have a major war, with Japan and Germany, and that the war is going to start by a very serious surprise attack and defeat of U.S. armed forces, and that there is going to be a major revulsion on the part of the political power in Washington against all those in command at sea, and they are going to be thrown out, though it won't be their fault necessarily. And I wish to be in a position of sufficient prominence so that I will then be considered as one to be sent to sea, because that appears to be the route."
"A ship is always referred to as "she" because it costs so much to keep her in paint and powder."
"Through the skill and devotion to duty of their armed forces of all branches in the Midway area our citizens can now rejoice that a momentous victory is in the making."
After the Battle of Midway, CINCPAC Communiqué No. 3, June 6, 1942
"Is the proposed operation likely to succeed?
What might be the consequences of failure?
Is it in the realm of practicability in terms of material and supplies?"
"Three favorite rules of thumb" Nimitz had printed on a card he kept on his desk
"They fought together as brothers in arms; they died together and now they sleep side by side…To them, we have a solemn obligation — the obligation to ensure that their sacrifice will help make this a better and safer world in which to live." Of those who died in the war in the Pacific, after ceremonies in Tokyo Bay accepting the official surrender of Japan, September 2, 1945
"The U.S.'s major strength factor and weapon is its economy. If you cripple it, you cripple the military."
"That is not to say that we can relax our readiness to defend ourselves. Our armament must be adequate to the needs, but our faith is not primarily in these machines of defense but in ourselves."
"God grant me the courage not to give up what I think is right even though I think it is hopeless."
"Sir Walter Raleigh declared in the early 17th century that "whoever commands the sea, commands the trade; whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world, and consequently the world itself." This principle is as true today as when uttered, and its effect will continue as long as ships traverse the seas." Employment of Naval Forces, 1948
"The final objective in war is the destruction of the enemy's capacity and will to fight, and thereby force him to accept the imposition of the victor's will."
"The qualities of the Nimitz character were apparent in his face, in his career, and in his heritage; combined these factors made him precisely the man he was and placed him in this particular situation at this moment in history. … He was not a cold man, or a bad tempered man — quite the contrary — to the world he presented a figure of almost total complacency; he seldom lost his temper or raised his voice. … It could be said that King was a driver who knew how to lead; it could also be said that Nimitz was a leader who conquered any personal urge to drive, and achieved his ends more by persuasion and inspiration to men under his command." Edwin Palmer Hoyt in How They Won the War in the Pacific : Nimitz and His Admirals (2000), p. 28 – 29
"On April 13, 1943, Allied radio intelligence intercepted a message carrying the travel itinerary of Admiral Yamamoto. The detail in the message listed flight and ground schedules and included what type of fighter escort would be provided. Major Red Lasswell of FRUPAC broke the coded message. The decision of what to do with the information was left to Admiral Nimitz. Nimitz consulted Layton as to what the ramifications would be if Yamamoto were removed. They considered that he might be replaced with a better commander, and Nimitz felt familiar with Yamamoto as his opponent. Layton felt nobody could adequately replace Yamamoto, and based on this opinion Nimitz gave Admiral Halsey the authority to carry out the intercept of Yamamoto's aircraft. On 18 April, a flight of P-38 fighters with specially selected pilots and equipped with long-range fuel tanks shot down Yamamoto's aircraft, killing one of Japan's top naval leaders." Ricky J. Nussio, in Sherman and Nimitz: Executing Modern Information Operations (2001)
"He surrounded himself with the ablest men he could find and sought their advice, but he made his own decisions. He was a keen strategist who never forgot that he was dealing with human beings, on both sides of the conflict. He was aggressive in war without hate, audacious while never failing to weigh the risks." E. B. Potter, Naval historian at the US Naval Academy, quoted on the cover jacket of his book Nimitz (1976)
"Of the Marines on Iwo Jima, uncommon valor was a common virtue."
"He brought to his new job a number of advantages, including experience, a detailed knowledge of his brother officers, and a sense of inner balance and calm that steadied those around him. He had the ability to pick able subordinates and the courage to let them do their jobs without interference. He molded such disparate personalities as the quiet, introspective Raymond A. Spruance and the ebullient, aggressive William F. Halsey, Jr. into an effective team." Robert William Love, on the rise of Nimitz to CINCPAC in The Chiefs of Naval Operations
Wikipedia: Chester William Nimitz
Chester William Nimitz, Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Sunday, May 24, 2020 – Albert Einstein
"A man should look for what he is, and not for what he thinks should be."
"A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new."
"All that is valuable in human society depends upon the opportunity for development accorded the individual."
"Any intelligent fool can make things bigger and more complex… It takes a touch of genius – and a lot of courage to move in the opposite direction."
"Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school."
"Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds."
"I think and think for months and years. Ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right."
"Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results."
"Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning."
"Most people say that is it is the intellect which makes a great scientist. They are wrong: it is character."
"Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former."
"People love chopping wood. In this activity one immediately sees results."
"Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one."
"To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science."
"A happy man is too satisfied with the present to dwell too much on the future."
"Unthinking respect for authority is the greatest enemy of truth."
"Nature shows us only the tail of the lion. But there is no doubt in my mind that the lion belongs with it even if he cannot reveal himself to the eye all at once because of his huge dimension."
"I am by heritage a Jew, by citizenship a Swiss, and by makeup a human being, and only a human being, without any special attachment to any state or national entity whatsoever."
"Subtle is the Lord, but malicious He is not."
"I do not carry such information in my mind since it is readily available in books. …The value of a college education is not the learning of many facts but the training of the mind to think."
"I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of sudden a thought occurred to me: If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight. I was startled. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of gravitation."
"Try and penetrate with our limited means the secrets of nature and you will find that, behind all the discernible concatenations, there remains something subtle, intangible and inexplicable. Veneration for this force beyond anything that we can comprehend is my religion. To that extent I am, in point of fact, religious."
"If A is success in life, then A = x + y + z. Work is x, play is y and z is keeping your mouth shut."
"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance you must keep moving."
"The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible."
"Great spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds. The mediocre mind is incapable of understanding the man who refuses to bow blindly to conventional prejudices and chooses instead to express his opinions courageously and honestly."
"The important thing is not to stop questioning; curiosity has its own reason for existing. One cannot help but be in awe when contemplating the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvelous structure of reality. It is enough if one tries merely to comprehend a little of the mystery every day. The important thing is not to stop questioning; never lose a holy curiosity."
"When a man sits with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute. But let him sit on a hot stove for a minute and it's longer than any hour. That's relativity."
"If you want to live a happy life, tie it to a goal, not to people or objects."
"If I can't picture it, I can't understand it."
"The most beautiful and deepest experience a man can have is the sense of the mysterious. It is the underlying principle of religion as well as all serious endeavor in art and science. He who never had this experience seems to me, if not dead, then at least blind."
Wikipedia Page: Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein, Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Saturday, May 23, 2020 – Leonardo da Vinci
"Necessity is the mistress and guide of nature."
"Every action needs to be prompted by a motive. To know and to will are two operations of the human mind. Discerning, judging, deliberating are acts of the human mind."
"Experience, the interpreter between formative nature and the human race, teaches how that nature acts among mortals; and being constrained by necessity cannot act otherwise than as reason, which is its helm, requires her to act."
"The acquisition of any knowledge is always of use to the intellect, because it may thus drive out useless things and retain the good. For nothing can be loved or hated unless it is first known."
"That is not riches, which may be lost; virtue is our true good and the true reward of its possessor. That cannot be lost; that never deserts us, but when life leaves us. As to property and external riches, hold them with trembling; they often leave their possessor in contempt, and mocked at for having lost them."
"It is easier to contend with evil at the first than at the last."
"He who walks straight rarely falls."
"Men will seem to see new destructions in the sky. The flames that fall from it will seem to rise in it and to fly from it with terror. They will hear every kind of animals speak in human language. They will instantaneously run in person in various parts of the world, without motion. They will see the greatest splendour in the midst of darkness. O! marvel of the human race! What madness has led you thus! You will speak with animals of every species and they with you in human speech. You will see yourself fall from great heights without any harm and torrents will accompany you, and will mingle with their rapid course."
"Men standing in opposite hemispheres will converse and deride each other and embrace each other, and understand each other's language."
"It vexes me greatly that having to earn my living has forced me to interrupt the work and to attend to small matters."
"He who does not value life does not deserve it."
"As a well-spent day brings happy sleep, so a life well spent brings happy death."
"Beyond a doubt truth bears the same relation to falsehood as light to darkness."
"He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows where he may cast."
"He who wishes to be rich in a day will be hanged in a year."
"I have been impressed with the urgency of doing. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do."
"I have offended God and mankind because my work didn't reach the quality it should have."
"It is easier to resist at the beginning than at the end."
"Necessity is the mistress and guardian of Nature."
"The earth is not in the centre of the Sun's orbit nor at the centre of the universe, but in the centre of its companion elements, and united with them. And any one standing on the moon, when it and the sun are both beneath us, would see this our earth and the element of water upon it just as we see the moon, and the earth would light it as it lights us."
"The motive power is the cause of all life."
"He who thinks little, errs much."
"Iron rusts from disuse; stagnant water loses its purity and in cold weather becomes frozen; even so does inaction sap the vigor of the mind."
"Obstacles cannot crush me. Every obstacle yields to stern resolve. He who is fixed to a star does not change his mind."
"Wisdom is the daughter of experience."
"Nature is full of infinite causes that have never occurred in experience."
Wikipedia: Leonardo da Vinci
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, Leonardo da Vinci
Coaches Hot Seat Quotes of the Day – Friday, May 22, 2020 – Pat Dye
"Believe in honest, positive dissent."
Football is not an "I" game. It's a "we" game."
"Nothing has changed about what makes a winner. A winner works his butt off and is dependable. He's not always the most talented, but he gives everything on every play."
"At Auburn, practice is Hell. But when you line up across the big, fast, smart, angry boys from Florida, and Georgia, and Alabama, where there is no quality of mercy on the ground and no place to hide, you'll know why practice is Hell at Auburn."
Don't wait to be a great man. Be a great boy."
"I don't believe in miracles. I believe in character"
"Life is short, so don't waste any of it carrying around a load of bitterness. It only sours your life, and the world won't pay any attention anyway."
"If you're a football coach, criticism comes with the territory. If it tears you up, you better get into another profession."
Before the 1981 Iron Bowl between Alabama and Auburn, Paul "Bear" Bryant and Pat Dye (Pat Dye coached for Paul Bryant for nine years on the Alabama staff):
Pat Dye: "Coach Bryant, before you start hugging me, you ought to know that my boys are fixing to get after y'all's ass."
Paul Bryant: "You ain't trying to scare me now, are you, Pat?"
Pat Dye: "No sir, because I know you don't get scared. I'm just telling you what we're fixing to do."
"A game like this, Alabama players will remember it for the rest of their lives. Auburn players…it'll eat their guts out the rest of their lives." Former Auburn coach Pat Dye to a reporter after Van Tiffen kicked his 52 yard field goal to beat Auburn in 1985.
Wikipedia: Pat Dye
www.coachpatdye.com
Coaches Hot Seat, Coaches Hot Seat Rankings, Pat Dye


text:
package org.apache.druid.server.coordinator.duty;

import org.apache.druid.client.DataSourcesSnapshot;
import org.apache.druid.java.util.emitter.EmittingLogger;
import org.apache.druid.server.coordinator.DruidCoordinatorRuntimeParams;
import org.apache.druid.timeline.DataSegment;

public class LogUsedSegments implements CoordinatorDuty
{
  private static final EmittingLogger log = new EmittingLogger(LogUsedSegments.class);

  public LogUsedSegments()
  {
  }

  @Override
  public DruidCoordinatorRuntimeParams run(DruidCoordinatorRuntimeParams params)
  {
    log.debug("Starting coordination. Getting used segments.");

    // Log info about all used segments only if debug logging is enabled
    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
      DataSourcesSnapshot dataSourcesSnapshot = params.getDataSourcesSnapshot();
      log.debug("Used Segments");
      for (DataSegment dataSegment : dataSourcesSnapshot.iterateAllUsedSegmentsInSnapshot()) {
        log.debug("  %s", dataSegment);
      }
    }

    log.info("Found [%,d] used segments.", params.getUsedSegments().size());

    return params;
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Elisabeth Brichet was een Waals meisje dat op 20 december 1989, op twaalfjarige leeftijd, door de Fransman Michel Fourniret ontvoerd werd. Zij was op het moment van Fournirets bekentenis al bijna vijftien jaar vermist. Begin juli 2004 gaf Fourniret toe dat hij Brichet rond Namen ontvoerd had en naar een chalet in Floing (Ardennes) in Frankrijk vervoerd, alwaar hij haar naar eigen zeggen verkracht en gewurgd had. Ze werd naast een kasteeltje in Sedan begraven.

Ten tijde van de zaak-Dutroux sloot haar moeder, Marie-Noëlle Bouzet, zich aan bij de ouders van de slachtoffers van Marc Dutroux. De populaire Witte Mars was Bouzets idee.

Brichet
Brichet
Misdrijf in 1989

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Being SCARED-scared of trying something you never experienced before/fear of future/something you don't know what to expect! walking out of your Comfort Zone!
I was never the one up for that for many years! I like to know the ending, I like to know what will happen! Reading back of the book before the beginning, watching the same movies and TV shows over and over again… All because I know what to expect.
Surprises are not my cup of tea! They scare me… Even the good kinds! Planning & making list, researching for hours to know how things will go down are my things! If I'm being honest I would call myself a control freak! I want to have control of the thing & when I can't control something it bothers me, it annoys me & I don't even try it.
I'm not scared of many things in my life, I'm not scared to try it IF I know what to expect! For years there was this battle with me & myself. Trying to push myself to do things without too much thinking about it & overthinking it, to go places just to experience it…but all of that just added to my anxiety more and more!
I became more aware of things, I would skip on plans just to not deal with the anxiety of it! I still DO, with a difference of I now have control over my anxiety!
This is me & I love me! Yes life happens & life puts you in situation that you have to show up & you can't say no! But at the end of the day do things for you! Some fears are too hard for us to overcome. The smallest fears for some can be the biggest fear for another! But life thought me be kind but do you first! Push your limits, dare yourself, challenge yourself because if you don't you will be stuck in one place & that's not living.
Leaving your comfort zone is very scary. It might be your biggest fear but if I did it you can do it!
I didn't overcome all my fear but I did over come of the MOST! Am I still scared of future? YES-But Am I letting it control me? NO ! & that is what make breathing being ALIVE!