text:
Ka' poy yepü Skyscraper
By: admin | April - 29 - 2019
2019 Skyscraper Competition
Zöe Russián Moreno
OUTLINE | PURPOSE
Forests cover more than 30% of the entire planet. They create oxygen, they absorb malicious greenhouse gasses, they provide a substantial source of medicines, and many more actives necessary for life. However, even with these vital characteristics, it has not stopped developers from exhausting its resources while being misinformed; never reaching its full potential. Therefore, "Ka' poy yepü" seeks to address this problem by proposing a multi-platform research center with a focus on geo-biological education. The purpose is to expand knowledge on how to harmonize technology and nature by networking around the globe on how to use and discover new forms of energy.
ORIGINS | DESIGN
Canaima National Park – Venezuela, is one of the largest natural reserves on the planet and possess definitive characters that differentiates it from other natural reservoirs. It's soil dates back to the precambrian period, between 1.5 million to 2 billions years old; which makes it one of the most ancient rock formations in the world's geochronology. These unique formations called "Tepuis" are a kind of table-top mountains with 90 degree vertical walls. Because of its ancient condition, high levels of electromagnetic fields can be found in the area. "Ka' poy yepü" uses these forces to expand the use of electromagnetism as a form of direct energy. It prevents the disruption of the habitat by harboring said electromagnetism to keep the facility hovering over the valley.
The original inhabitants of Canaima were the Pemon tribe, for whom the word pemon means 'people'. Their relationships and perception of nature inspired how "Ka' poy yepü" seeks and stores data. Named after the locals dialect, which translates to "I come from the sky, from infinity" provides the facility a connection to the land. It expands throughout several structures in additive formation over the valley while scanning for data. By using a combination of Mixed-Reality and Augmented-Reality it creates a non-invasive mean to educate visitors and researchers alike.
FORMATION | TRANSPORTATION
Aerial transportation is the only way to reach Canaima due to lack of roads and difficult terrain. Therefore, electromagnetic enhanced vehicles were created as means to reach the facility. The "Töröns", which translates to 'Birds' have the same matrix as "Ka' poy yepü" and work as links between all parts of the main structure. The vehicles can access remote areas in the valley and makes sure to provide a full picture of the site. Above all, these vehicles are used as structure carriers for the facility. They guide the 'Cocoon' structures to different towers on site depending on the needs of expansion from both researches and visitors.
FUNCTION | FOOTPRINT
Even though the facility is mostly focused on geo-biological research it does accommodate a diversity of visitors. It includes several interactive centers that allows public citizens to experience close encounters with the unique environment and get educated at the same time. For researchers and scientists; semi-private and private areas have been designated so they can work and exchange ideas productively. Finally, the facility provides sleeping pods for in-house researches that stay for long terms.
"Ka' poy yepü" presents itself as a pioneer for new sources of self-sustaining energies. Therefore, it proposes using both 3D printing joints and molecular nanotechnology to self-construct the mesh pieces that holds the structure together. Gravitational panels are infused with solar cells to collect electrical energy. Furthermore, It's external facade is filled with breathable skin and sensors that allow for liquid in the air to be collected and later filtered to produce clean water for the facility. All of these sources combined maintain an intrinsic harmony within the structure with zero-carbon footprint effects.
-> 2020 Skyscraper Competition Open For Participation
2019, competition
Competition Sponsors
© 2006-2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License permitting non-commercial sharing with attribution. eVolo is a trademark of EVOLO, INC. in the United States and other countries.
Webdesign by: SOFTlab

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"""
stellarPYL - python stellar spectra processing software
Copyright (c) 2016 Brunston Poon
@file: pxlambda test
This program comes with absolutely no warranty.
"""

import configparser

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import host_subplot
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as AA

import stellar as st
import tools as to
import text as txt
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('settings.ini')
defThresh = config['CONTROL']['defaultthreshold']
autoIntensity = config['CONTROL']['autointensity']
top = int(config['CONTROL']['manualtop'])
bottom = int(config['CONTROL']['manualbot'])
right = int(config['CONTROL']['manualright'])
left = int(config['CONTROL']['manualleft'])
step = float(config['CONTROL']['r'])
verbose = config['CONTROL']['verbose']
showthresh = config['CONTROL']['showthresh']
margin = int(config['CONTROL']['margin'])

print("""
We need a file. Place it in the same directory as this script and give the name.
    """)
path = input("enter filename> ")
dataImage = input("file for second image to be adjusted (the data image) ")

threshI = int(defThresh)
if threshI >= 0:
    print("converting. please wait...")

    img = Image.open(path)
    dataArray = to.converter(path)

    if showthresh == "yes":
        to.showThreshold(dataArray, threshI)

    print("working on crop. please wait...")
    cropped = st.cropN(img, threshI, top, bottom, left, right, margin)
    to.restorer(cropped, 'cropped')
    print("cropped image saved to cropped.tiff")

    #TODO debugging - check to see if numpy.fliplr does what we want
    dataArrayFlipped = np.fliplr(dataArray)
    to.restorer(dataArrayFlipped, 'flipped_img')

    croppedimg = Image.open('cropped.tiff')
    print("converting cropped image. please wait...")
    dataArray = to.converter('cropped.tiff')
    #TODO trying to flip here.
    dataArray = np.fliplr(dataArray)

    regTup = st.regression(croppedimg)
    to.showRegression(croppedimg,regTup)

    if autoIntensity in ['saaw']:
        print("working on intensity_saaw. please wait...")

        intensity = st.intensitySAAW(croppedimg,dataArray,regTup,\
                                     threshI,step,10)
        #TODO remove debugging
        for element in intensity:
            print(element)
        #using IMG_2617.tif of sirius and using hA = beta, hB = gamma b/c of
        #apparent visibles.
        wavelengths = to.pixelLambda(intensity, 640, 692)
        #print(wavelengths)
        to.plotIntensityWLambda(intensity,wavelengths)
        #to.plotIntensityWLambda2(intensity,wavelengths)
        #to.plotSamples(croppedimg,intensity,regTup) #TODO fix

        #TODO debugging text file printing intensity and wavelengths from response
        f = open("debug_wavelengths_intensities_pre-reponse_from-pxlt.txt","w")
        f.write("#values from pxlambdatest.py before feeding to response\n#wavelengths intensity\n")
        for i in range(len(wavelengths)):
            f.write(str(wavelengths[i])+" "+str(intensity[i])+"\n")
        f.close()
        asdfjkl = "asdfjkl"
        print("string before response: ",asdfjkl)
        response = st.response(intensity, wavelengths, "pulkovo/sirius.dat", 0.5)
        print("len, response: {0}".format(len(response)))
        print(response)

        #adjust and display new plot
        adjusted = []
        for i in wavelengths:
            adjusted.append(intensity[i]*response[i])
        adjustedND = np.array(adjusted)

        to.plotIntensityWLambda(adjustedND,wavelengths)
        #TODO just realized above convention is confusing. Order of variables
        #     passing to function is (y,x)

        #TODO debugging text files output of plot...
        f = open("debug_first_plot_x_y.txt","w")
        f.write("#X Y\n#wavelengths, adjustedND\n")
        for i in range(len(adjustedND)):
            f.write(str(wavelengths[i])+" "+str(adjustedND[i])+"\n")
        f.close()
        print("debug file of plot that just popped up (adjusted intensity plot)")

        # plt.figure(3)
        # plt.clf()
        # plt.plot(x_star, y_star,'o',label='original data',markersize=4)
        # plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), loc=2, borderaxespad=0.)
        # plt.title("Pulkovo Data from {0}".format(pulkovo))
        # plt.show()

        #TODO DEBUGGING TEXT FILES DEBUGGING TEXT FILES AND IPYTHON
        #TODO remove debugging, examine pulkovoResponse in iPython
        #pulkovoData = np.loadtxt('pulkovo/sirius.dat')
        #for i in range(len(pulkovoData)):
        #    pulkovoData[i][0] = float(pulkovoData[i][0])
        #    pulkovoData[i][1] = float(pulkovoData[i][1])
        #pulkovoResponse = st.response(pulkovoData[:,1], pulkovoData[:,0], "pulkovo/sirius.dat", 1,asdfjkl)
        #first column in pulkovo is equiv to intensity, zeroth wavelength

        #TODO debugging column text files...
        #f = open('debug_response_wavelength.txt','w')
        #f.write("#num wavelengths adjustedND")
        #for i in range(max(len(wavelengths),len(adjustedND))):
        #    f.write(str(i)+" "+str(wavelengths[i])+" "+str(adjustedND[i])+"\n")
        #f.close()
        #print("debug of wavelength and adjustedND to debug_response_wavelength.txt")

    #WE WANT TO PLOT ALL THE THINGS ON A SINGLE GRAPH. LET'S PRACTICE
    #THAT HERE BEFORE WE DO IT IN A FUNCTION
    #TODO ADD TO FUNCTION
    host = host_subplot(111, axes_class = AA.Axes)
    plt.subplots_adjust(right=0.75)

    par1 = host.twinx() #parasite vert. axis 1
    par2 = host.twinx()

    offset = 60
    new_fixed_axis = par2.get_grid_helper().new_fixed_axis
    par2.axis["right"] = new_fixed_axis(loc="right",
                                        axes=par2,
                                        offset=(offset, 0))
    par2.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)
    par2.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)

    host.set_xlabel("Wavelength")
    host.set_ylabel("Adjusted Intensity")
    par1.set_ylabel("Original Intensity")
    par2.set_ylabel("Literature Intensity")

    #literature val
    pulkovoData = np.loadtxt('pulkovo/sirius.dat')

    p1, = host.plot(wavelengths, adjustedND, label="Adjusted Intensity")
    p2, = par1.plot(wavelengths, intensity, label="Original Intensity")
    p3, = par2.plot(pulkovoData[:,0], pulkovoData[:,1], label="Literature Intensity")

    host.legend()
    host.axis["left"].label.set_color(p1.get_color())
    par1.axis["right"].label.set_color(p2.get_color())
    par2.axis["right"].label.set_color(p3.get_color())

    plt.draw()
    plt.show()

    #SECOND IMAGE SECOND IMAGE SECOND IMAGE SECOND IMAGE!!!
    #adjust our second image: convert to data as well as overlay our new
    #adjusted array (to account for camera sensitivity)

    dataImageObject = Image.open(path)
    dataImageArray = to.converter(path)

    if showthresh == "yes":
        to.showThreshold(dataArray, threshI)

    print("working on dataImage crop")
    dataImageCropped = st.cropN(dataImageObject, threshI, top, bottom, left,\
                                right, margin)
    to.restorer(dataImageCropped, 'dataImageCropped')
    print("cropped image saved to dataImageCropped.tiff")

    dataImageCroppedObject = Image.open('dataImageCropped.tiff')
    print("converting cropped dataImage")
    dataImageCroppedArray = to.converter('dataImageCropped.tiff')

    regTupDI = st.regression(dataImageCroppedObject)
    to.showRegression(dataImageCroppedObject, regTupDI)

    if autoIntensity in ['saaw']:
        print("working on intensity_saaw. please wait...")

        intensityDI = st.intensitySAAW(dataImageCroppedObject,\
                                       dataImageCroppedArray, regTupDI,\
                                       threshI, step, 10)
        #need to identify wavelengths for target image, see line 69 of file.
        #use with data collected same night to ensure that the other params
        #remain the same (background, clouds, amt of atmosphere in between, etc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The women who pick up the pieces after their husbands come out
By Chadwick Moore
August 13 2015 9:30 AM EDT
Pictured (above): Francine Barbetta | Photography by Ryan Collerd.
Bonnie Kaye is 63 and runs a GED center in a blighted stretch of northeast Philadelphia. She has weary eyes. It may be from recent health problems, complications from diabetes. Yet so much more about Kaye seems, simply, exhausted. She's a straight-talker, her voice is flat and strong, and only in brief moments do you get a sense of the benevolence behind her stoic, no-bullshit facade. She'll tell you she's a natural caretaker, like many of the women who end up in her situation, a softy and a pushover.
When she was 25, Kaye met the man who would change the course of her life — and by proxy touch the lives of many other women — forever. It was the 1970s, and the feminist and environmental movements were in full swing. Kaye was a national leader in a militant Jewish group targeting Nazi war criminals living in the United States and fighting for the rights of persecuted Jews in Russia. Around 1977, she organized a rally against neo-Nazis who planned to march in heavily Jewish Skokie, Ill. It was there that she spotted the man who would become her future ex-husband. He was a kung fu instructor from the Bronx; she was from Brooklyn. He looked like Sylvester Stallone, strong and dark, and volunteered to train the Jewish activists in martial arts.
It was a whirlwind romance — he proposed just four days after they met — and they married a couple of months later. But the surface had cracks. A fellow activist confronted Kaye, saying that he thought the man she was about to marry might be gay or bisexual.
"How could he be gay? He has sex with me," she said. "Gay guys can't have sex with women." When she approached her husband about it in a restaurant, he flipped the table over and stormed out. On a trip to Atlantic City, N.J., when they were newly wed, an enticing blond man passed them on a bike. "That's what the gay guys would call a 'cutie-pie,' " she recalls her husband saying.
"Oh, yeah? How would you know that?"
Men showed up unannounced at their Chelsea apartment, in New York City, to take him out to lunch. Then there was Kaye's 16-year-old male cousin, who'd developed a close bond with her husband, and the day her husband came to her, trembling, and said: "Something terrible happened. I had a moment of weakness." Kaye ran to the toilet and vomited. She entered what she calls the bargaining phase of grief, allowing her husband to have sex with another man once every six months, but that couldn't last. When she found the love letter from the cousin to her husband, the marriage ended, albeit gradually.
"In Brokeback Mountain, which I was very sickened by, they treat the wives as these weak, wimpy women," Kaye says. "One was very stupid, and the other was a naggy, whiny wife, so you feel like she deserved it. I think people perceive straight wives as unsympathetic. They don't feel bad for us. We are never the heroes."
Her husband later moved to Florida with his lover, but the shame and torment experienced by so many gay husbands once married to straight women persisted. When their daughter, Jennifer, came out as a lesbian, Kaye says, her husband laid the blame on her. He forbid Jennifer to hold her girlfriend's hand in public and made her cover up her rainbow tattoo when she came into his home. In 2002, at the age of 22, Jennifer died from a heroin overdose. Four year later, at age 23, their other child, Jason, died from a lifelong illness. Kaye and her ex no longer speak.
For decades, Kaye has counseled thousands of straight spouses, mostly women, whose husbands come out of the closet after 20, 30, 40 years of marriage. Although there's no hard data, she estimates more than million women in the United States are married to, or divorced from, gay men.
According to Kaye, one U.K.-based organization recently surveyed nearly 1,200 gay men married to women and found half the respondents had no plan to tell their wives, with 20% responding "maybe."
Since 1999, Kaye has sold more than 25,000 books with titles like Straight Wives: Shattered Lives, The Gay Husband Checklist, and How I Made My Husband Gay. Her monthly newsletter, Bonnie Kaye's Straight Talk, reaches 7,300 subscribers. She has two mantras that she beats into her followers, both blasted at the top of her Web site and newsletter:
Life was never meant to be this complicated. period.
And, you can't fix a broken man, but he can break you.
She broadcasts a weekly radio talk show, Straight Wives, where she interviews other crusaders, survivors, husbands, and openly gay men who sleep with closeted married men. On a recent episode, one guest, a slow-talking Texan named Debra Sutton who's involved in a support network in her home state, discussed her recently self-published book, Signs of a Gay Husband: Identifying Closeted Gay Husband Behaviors.
Those signs, for Sutton, include physical and verbal abuse, obsession with the gym, constantly grooming (wants to be ready for a sexual encounter at any time), secretive computer time, long trips to Home Depot, and derogatory comments about female smells.
"They'll say, 'I can't touch you down there because it's stinky,' " Kaye said to Sutton on the broadcast. "It's so dehumanizing to you. I know women who have spent hundreds of dollars on treatments to take away a smell that's a natural, normal, beautiful smell to straight men."
"They even have a name that they call the wife and kids of their lover," Sutton continued. "They call 'em fish and chips."
Pictured: Bonnie Kaye
On a gray Thursday in June, we're sitting at a long table in Kaye's narrow, bare-bones GED center along with Francine Barbetta, a therapist in Levittown, Penn., who runs a monthly support group for straight spouses married to or divorced from gay, lesbian, or transgender people. About a quarter of the patients in her private practice are straight spouses. She also wrote a book, A Pebble in His Shoe: The Diary of a Straight Spouse, about her experience.
Barbetta's husband was always strongly homophobic, a churchgoer, and a Republican. "Classic," she says. One day he came home. "It was almost like he was starstruck," Barbetta recalls. "You know that look when somebody is falling in love."
Her husband was shopping at Pier 1 Imports and told Barbetta he'd made a new friend, the manager, and was excited that they were going to become gym buddies. Barbetta went to the store.
"He was 20 years younger than my husband. He had dyed hair and an effeminate look. I said, 'I'm Francine. I think you know my husband.' He turned 10 shades of white, and I knew immediately," she says.
This was 1997 and the couple fought to stay together. Once a gentle teetotaler who did volunteer work, her husband turned to drugs and alcohol. He denounced his homosexuality, then claimed to be bisexual, then straight. He sought out counseling through the church. He became physically abusive.
One night, she claims, he tried to kill her. That's when she left. In 2000, they divorced and her husband moved in with a new lover. By 2005, the two had reconciled and developed a friendship. Then Barbetta's husband committed suicide by hanging, two weeks before their oldest daughter's high school graduation.
Often, as the husband begins to grapple with his sexuality, these marriages become marked by manipulation and psychological and physical abuse.
"I call it gay-lighting," Kaye says. "Like gaslighting, they make you feel like you're crazy when you start to have suspicions. You question your ability to have clear judgment. They make you feel like you're imagining it."
"When a man represses his sexuality and he starts to come out, it's like he was stuck in adolescence and now it's a newfound freedom," Barbetta says. "He feels joyful and happy, but for the straight wives, our lives have been lost. Our hopes and dreams are shattered."
About four months into her own marriage, Kaye and her husband were having sex roughly once a month. "He'd say, 'Why are you so interested in sex? What are you, a nymphomaniac?' "
"My husband called me the exact same thing," Barbetta adds.
"The husbands will say, 'Maybe I would like you better if your thighs weren't so heavy, or if you would change your hair color, maybe if your breath didn't stink, or if you were a better cook. Lots of irrational things, and if you keep hearing this enough you start believing it," Kaye says.
There's a certain type of woman who marries a gay man, according to Kaye and Barbetta. She's a caregiver, a nurturer, a fixer-upper.
"About half the women in my group are social workers, therapists, and nurses," Barbetta says. Often they come from an abusive childhood. More often, they have fathers who were cheaters, she says. "Subconsciously, what better guy to marry than a guy you know in your heart would never go with another woman?"
And an overwhelming number of Kaye and Barbetta's support network are devout Christians.
"In the Bible, they believe you don't have sex before marriage. You don't want someone who's sexually aggressive and just out for your body. 'He's interested in me as a person, not a sex object,' " Kaye says. "And there's a prototype of a woman these guys look for, and I've been right almost every single time, and that's thousands of marriages. They're looking for a woman who is not very temperamental, screaming and yelling. They want a nice, kind woman. Because, if it doesn't work out, OK, we can still be friends. And one who is not experienced in sex. That way there's no expectation."
But the revelation that a spouse is gay is so incredibly traumatic for many women that they are often in counseling for years or decades to come. Society tends to view them as either naive (how could you not have known?) or deficient (if you'd been a better wife, he wouldn't have turned gay), while their husbands are lauded for having the courage to be their authentic selves.
"They aren't heroes. They are men who made a mistake. Fixing a mistake doesn't make you a hero," Kaye wrote in a recent newsletter. "To all the gay men who never...married a woman, let me applaud you for being a hero, which means you had the courage to say NO when the tide turned against you. This was truly the noble quality that makes a hero."
"There are a lot of men who are so brazen they will bring the male lover into the marital home, as a friend," Barbetta says. "Those stories really stand out because they are truly making a fool of their wives. I had a woman tell me her husband brought a man on vacation with them. She didn't think anything of it at the time."
"I'm a firm believer in forgiveness," Barbetta, a Catholic, says. "Bonnie looks at it more as acceptance."
"I'm not a Christian. We don't have that forgiveness thing," Kaye says, referring to her Jewish background. "I tell women, 'Forgive yourselves.' "
An unexpected consequence, they say, is many women — even the most evangelical among them, along with their daughters (and less often sons) — become huge supporters of gay rights in the wake of a spouse coming out. In online forums, of which there are several, gay bashing is rare, though not unheard of.
"They see the torment these men go through. They know it isn't a choice," Barbetta says. "And most of the time they still very much love their husbands."
Not everyone gets divorced. A new term has come into use for these couples: mixed-orientation marriages, or MOMs. Bobby and Sue, not their real names, met in 1982 in Manhattan while they were both in high school. Within two months, Bobby told Sue of his physical attraction to men and she arranged for his first sexual encounter with a guy, a friend of hers. Bobby and Sue married, had a son, and moved into a grand apartment in an 1885 Italian-revival building near Central Park, where they still live with their son, now 24.
Sue allowed Bobby to have "playdates" — trysts with men — which Bobby says still happen once or twice a year.
"Most couples in our situation are flying under the radar because no one wants to out themselves as a mixed-orientation marriage," Sue says, sitting with Bobby in their living room before a pair of floor-to-ceiling Tiffany stained-glass windows. They worry, she adds, using her own case as an example, that people would say, "Bobby is just hiding behind me to have a straight life."
"We're in a relationship for 33 years. This is us," Bobby says.
"And we're not staying together because we have to," Sue adds.
But in the summer of 2001, Bobby fell madly in love with a man named Tom who was closeted and married with children. Tom lived in Chicago, they met online, and soon the two were making regular trips back and forth. It marked the beginning of a difficult time for Bobby and Sue.
"Before then, I never knew I could be emotionally attracted to a man, only physically," Bobby says.
"They had sex while I was out," Sue says. "It was a little odd at first. I'm walking around the streets looking at people, thinking, How many of them have husbands at home having sex with another man while they're out doing the Saturday-morning shopping?"
Sue eventually came on board, and the three would take trips to Atlantic City — Tom was an avid gambler. Bobby and Sue became fixtures in Tom's family. They went to his daughter's wedding and spent countless holidays in Chicago. The lie they told Tom's wife and family was that he and Bobby bonded in a 9/11 chat room.
In 2005, four years into their relationship, after returning from a Fourth of July visit with Tom and his family, Bobby got a sudden call from Tom's wife that he had been diagnosed with cancer, was in hospice, and had only a short time to live. He jumped on a flight back to Chicago and found Tom in a hospital bed, his wife asleep on his shoulder.
"I touched his hand and he woke up and said, 'Kiss me.' But then his wife woke up," Bobby says. He begins to cry. Tom died the next night with his family by his bedside and Bobby standing against the wall in the hospice room, watching Tom take his last breath.
"That was the hardest thing to do," Bobby says, choking up, "not being able to touch him." He flew back to New York the next day. But first, he went over to Tom's house to erase his hard drive.
Tags: News & Opinion


text:
Uber settles disputes with thousands of drivers ahead of its IPO
Uber says it has reached settlements with a large majority of the 60.000 drivers in the United States who filed arbitration demands over their employment status.
Drivers and Uber disputed whether they should be considered employees of the company or independent contractors.
Their classification as independent contractors means drivers aren't entitled to rights employees receive, including a minimum wage, sick leave, or overtime. They're also not reimbursed for on-the-job expenses such as fuel.
Although Uber did not provide details of the settlement, the company said it continues to believe its drivers are independent contractors, not employees. And it claimed in its IPO paperwork that classifying drivers as employees instead of contractors would adversely affect its business.
The company argues that drivers decide on their own when they want to work for the company and they can work for competitors such as Lyft in addition to Uber.
Tension between Uber and its drivers has been rising during the past years
Uber disclosed the settlement in a regulatory filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission Thursday just ahead of its initial public offering. Uber said the settlement will cost it between $146 million and $170 million. It had already set aside $132 million in anticipation of reaching a settlement.
It's not the first time the company paid a large sum to drivers over the same classification dispute. The company owed $20 million in a settlement with thousands of drivers in Massachusetts and California earlier this year.
Tension with its drivers has hung over Uber for years. On Wednesday, Uber and Lyft drivers staged a strike ahead of the IPO. They are seeking livable incomes, job security and regulated fares among other demands.
The company probably wants to put as much of the issue to rest as it can before its public debut on the stock market Friday. Uber had previously mentioned that more than 60,000 drivers in the United States have filed claims challenging their status in its initial IPO registration with the SEC. It is unclear how many arbitration claims remain outstanding.
Source: edition.cnn.com
Photo source: clickondetroit.com
Previous articleHow genetically engineered viruses prolonged a teenager's life
Next articleThe US raised tariffs on Chinese goods, but investors are still on board


text:
Men Are More Influential On Facebook, Study Finds
A thorough study conducted back in 2012 says that if you are a guy, and over 30 years old, you are the most influential group...
Clarkson Has The New Show, But What Will Happen To The Stig?
We are all happy to hear that the boys are creating the new show, and it appears that a battle is about to begin between...
Nick Offerman On Hipsters, Happy Marriage And Vanity
One of the manliest men of our generation, Nick Offerman, recently had a candid interview with Men's Journal through which the actor once again showed...
Be Sarcastic To Improve Your Creativity
Even though some people aren't fans of that wise-guy in the group, we can't deny that it's fun being sarcastic. Now, you have one more...
Maria From Sesame Street Retiring After 44 Years
Say it ain't so, Maria don't go! Sesame Street has been educating kids and entertaining them for decades, and one of the most prominent faces...
The Latest Archaeological Craze: The Mysterious Swiss Watch From The Ming Dynasty
We've done the exciting archeology era some time ago, and we thought that we've seen and found all. Well, at least most of it. But...
A Great Year So Far For Benedict Cumberbatch: Cumberbaby And CBE
British hunk and Hollywood A-lister Benedict Cumberbatch became a dad! The Sherlock star and one of the quintessential male figures in the world welcomed his...
Ireland Legalizes Gay Marriage
Aside from the ever-changing fashion and music trends and the technological inventions, nothings spells 'progress' as a change in the way we look at human...
Talk Show King David Letterman Saying His Goodbyes
Movies come out every now and then, TV series come and go, but we got used to talk shows being a constant in our lives....
Blame Your Genes For Your Sleeping Habits
While some of us can't sleep after 7AM even if our lives depended on it, others are used to skipping their morning workout due to...
A New Hangover Cure Hiding In Plain Sight
A hangover after a night of wild drinking can be the most tedious and annoying thing you can encounter in your life. From headaches to...
The Simpsons Just Lost Mr. Burns And Skinner
One might easily say that "The Simpsons" is the most successful TV show of all time. 26 seasons and over 600 hilarious episodes since 1989...
Ebola's Spree In Liberia Has Ended
As the most recent disease that caused quite the panic in world, Ebola earned its reputation for a good reason. But now Liberia, which was...
McDonald's Is Trying To Save Itself
If there was even a company which we thought would never have trouble, it would be McDonald's. The fast-food giant has been around for decades,...
Diet Pepsi Is Going To Be Aspartame-Free
Ordering a Diet Pepsi clearly states that you want no caffeine in your drink and that you're watching your waistline. But unbeknownst to you, that...
Page 6 of 10« First‹ Previous2345678910Next ›Last »


text:
Q: ERRORS while writing in excel - Java poi I've excel sheet of only two columns. The user add y himself and the third one is for checking if the other two columns are valid to insert in he database or not.
While I'm trying to write in the third column after checking the processing going good for couple of rows but if there are more rows, the results for the third column for each row is not correct...
I think the problem here in the for loop if anyone can help it would be really appreciated. Thanks.
here's my code:- ...
    @CheckMethodAuthority("PFV2300&limt_print")
    public static void importExcel(Upload upload_data) throws IOException,
    NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException,
    IllegalAccessException,

ParseException {

    String fileName = upload_data.getFileName();
    logger.info("H1:" + fileName);

    final int expectedSheetIndex = 0;  //
   Sheet sheet = ExcelUtil.openWorkSheet(new ByteArrayInputStream(upload_data.asBytes()), fileName, expectedSheetIndex);

    SYS4000 account = (SYS4000)renderArgs.get("account");

    StringBuffer fileUploadErrorMsg = new StringBuffer();

    final int expectedTitleRowNum = 1;  //
    List<POS20083> pos20083List = readAllCellsOfSheet(sheet, expectedTitleRowNum, account.user_no, fileUploadErrorMsg);

    int addItem =0;
    int upItem =0;
    int failItem =0;

    File filePath = new File("D:\\play framework workspace\\Coupon_Platform\\public\\sample\\excel\\PFV2300-sample.xlsx");
    InputStream file = new FileInputStream(filePath);
    XSSFWorkbook WB = new XSSFWorkbook(file);

    sheet = WB.getSheetAt(0);

    for (POS20083 POS20083: pos20083List)
    {

        for (int i=0; i<=pos20083List.size(); i++)
        {
           Row row = sheet.getRow(i);
           Cell cell_store_no=  (sheet.getRow(i).getCell(0));
           Cell cell_control_qty =  (sheet.getRow(i).getCell(1));
           Cell cell_error_msg = sheet.getRow(i).getCell(2);
           sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);

           for (int j=0; j<=sheet.getFirstRowNum(); j++)
              {
                  if (row == null)
                  {
                      row = sheet.createRow(i);
                      continue;
                  }
                  if (cell_error_msg == null)
                  {
                      cell_error_msg = sheet.getRow(i).createCell(2);
                      continue;
                  }
                  if (row.getRowNum()==0)
                  {
                      continue;
                  }

                  POS20083 pos20083 = POS20083.find("merchant_no= ? and store_no= ?",POS20083.merchant_no, POS20083.store_no).first();

                 String sql =  insert into pos20083 (pos20081_id, merchant_no, store_no, control_qty, id)select 60, ?1, ?2, ?3,  pos20083_seq.nextval from dual;

                 String sql2 = " Select count(store_no) from twc_store"
                             + " Where exists (select store_no"
                             + " from pos20083"
                             + " where twc_store.store_no = ?4)";

                 String sql3 = " Select count(store_no) from pos20083"
                         + " Where exists (select store_no"
                         + " from twc_store"
                         + " where pos20083.store_no = ?5)";

                           EntityManager entityManager = JPA.em();
                           EntityTransaction transaction = JPA.em().getTransaction();
                           Query query = entityManager.createNativeQuery(sql);
                           Query query2 = entityManager.createNativeQuery(sql2);
                           Query query3 = entityManager.createNativeQuery(sql3);

                           query2.setParameter(4, POS20083.store_no);
                           query3.setParameter(5, POS20083.store_no);

                          if (!transaction.isActive())
                          {
                              transaction.begin();
                          }
                          int insertCount2 = query2.executeUpdate();
                          int insertCount3 = query3.executeUpdate();

                          int storeCounts = ObjectUtil.getInteger(query2.getSingleResult());
                          int storeCounts_pos20083 = ObjectUtil.getInteger(query3.getSingleResult());

                            if (storeCounts == 0 && ObjectUtil.getInteger(cell_control_qty.getNumericCellValue()) >0)
                             {

                              cell_error_msg.setCellValue("Store Number ID doesn't exists in [twc_store]");

                              sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);
                             }
                            if (storeCounts == 0 && ObjectUtil.getInteger(cell_control_qty.getNumericCellValue()) <=0)
                            {

                             cell_error_msg.setCellValue("Store Number ID doesn't exists in [twc_store] and and control Quantity coudn't be less or equal ZERO");

                             sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);
                            }

                             if (storeCounts == 1 && storeCounts_pos20083 ==0 && ObjectUtil.getInteger(cell_control_qty.getNumericCellValue()) > 0)
                             {
                              query.setParameter(1, POS20083.merchant_no);
                              query.setParameter(2, POS20083.store_no);
                              query.setParameter(3, POS20083.control_qty);

                              int insertCount = query.executeUpdate();

                              addItem++;
                              cell_error_msg.setCellValue(" ");
                              sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);

                             }

                             if (transaction.isActive())
                             {
                                 transaction.commit();
                             }

                          file.close();

           if (storeCounts == 1 && storeCounts_pos20083 ==0 && ObjectUtil.getInteger(cell_control_qty.getNumericCellValue()) <=0)
         {
              cell_error_msg.setCellValue("control Quantity coudnot be less or equal ZERO");
              sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);

            //failItem++;
            //file.close();
         }
           if (storeCounts == 1 && storeCounts_pos20083 ==1 && ObjectUtil.getInteger(cell_control_qty.getNumericCellValue()) <=0)
           {
                cell_error_msg.setCellValue("Store Number ID already exists and control Quantity coudn't be less or equal ZERO");
                sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);
                          }

           if (storeCounts == 1 && storeCounts_pos20083 ==1 && ObjectUtil.getInteger(cell_control_qty.getNumericCellValue()) > 0)
         {
              cell_error_msg.setCellValue("Store Number ID already exists");
              sheet.autoSizeColumn(2);

         }

       }

    }
       failItem++;
  }
           file.close();
           FileOutputStream fileout = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
           WB.write(fileout);
           fileout.flush();
           fileout.close();

A: I've found out the bug and i fixed it
there are was three loops
1-   for (POS20083 POS20083: pos20083List)
2-   for (int i=0; i<=pos20083List.size(); i++)
3-   for (int j=0; j<=sheet.getFirstRowNum(); j++)
so if we remove the first one which isn't useful here because we are getting the data always from the excel sheet so it will works good ...
also the same for the third one too as well its not very useful here in my task too as well ...
so what i need is only the this loop
for (int i=0; i<=pos20083List.size(); i++)
and we can replace the pos20083list which was return the real number of row with this line
int rows = sheet.getPhisicalNumberofRows() - 1
Thanks so much Layne Bernardo for your efforts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Excel Lasers has partnered with INTERmedic of Barcelona to bring to the UK one of the most modern, cost-effective and flexible range of CO2 laser systems available on the market today.
INTERmedic has combined science, ingenuity and years of research to reinvent the CO2 laser , launching a platform capable of both gentle superficial procedures and deep treatments. The result of this research is SILKLASE™, a laser tool designed to achieve perfection in different medical and surgical specialities.
It is well known that the CO2 laser is one of the most powerful and effective tools in the fields of dermatology and aesthetic medicine for its potential to promote comprehensive rejuvenation, regenerating tissues and structures of the skin and also by its excellent performance in surgery.
Download the SILKLASE brochure and view the range of accessories.
One laser with unlimited possibilities.
SILKLASE™ combines maximum versatility with incomparable subtlety, which allows the performance of both smooth superficial procedures and in-depth treatments. SILKLASE™ incorporates the most advanced scanner with fractional technology on the market, INTERmedic's patented MultiScan™. MultiScan™ works with a random pattern emission of pulses that allows selection of the penetration depth of energy, the percentage of treated surface and the energy effect achieved at each point.
Multipurpose platform. With two sizes of interchangeable spot of 500μm and 190μm scanner for a wide range of treatment possibilities.
Extreme subtlety, precision and repeatability of treatments thanks to the unique fractional scanning technology of MultiScan™.
Innovative and wide variety of pulses to adapt the equipment to different clinical applications (FinePulse, SuperPulse, Pulsed, GynePulse, Repeated Press and CW).
With GyneScan™, specifically designed for vaginal rejuvenation. (World patent).
Expandable software platform with USB depending to the needs of each practice.
Maximum efficiency with minimal downtime and post operative period.
The device also provides treatment for female intimate rejuvenation, vaginal laxity, vaginal atrophy and mild and moderate stress urinary incontinence with the GYNELASE™ method and GYNESCAN™ scanner.
Copyright © 2019 Excel Lasers Limited.


text:
Home » Assessments » Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
Author(s)*: Lisa Blum, M.Sc. OT (Candidate)
Editor(s): Nicol Korner-Bitensky, PhD OT
The Montgomery Asberg DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Rating Scale (MADRS) is used by clinicians to assess the severity of depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
among patients with a diagnosis of depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
. It is designed to be sensitive to change resulting from antidepressant therapy.
Purpose of the measure
The MADRS was developed by Stuart Montgomery and Marie Asberg in 1979. It was developed from Asberg's Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, which was designed to evaluate psychiatric treatment.
Features of the measure
The MADRS has 10 items that are completed during a clinical interview. The following items are included in the MADRS:
Apparent sadness
Reported sadness
Inner tension
Reduced sleep
Reduced appetite
Concentration difficulties
Inability to feel
Pessimistic thoughts
Originally the MADRS was published without suggested questions for clinicians to use in eliciting the information they need to rate the items. In 2008, Williams and Kobak developed the Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS (SIGMA) to provide structured questions that should be asked exactly as written to ensure standardisation of administration. Follow-up questions are also provided to clarify symptoms if required. Inter-rater reliabilityA method of measuring reliability . Inter-rater reliability determines the extent to which two or more raters obtain the same result when using the same instrument to measure a concept.
using Intraclass CorrelationThe extent to which two or more variables are associated with one another. A correlation can be positive (as one variable increases, the other also increases – for example height and weight typically represent a positive correlation) or negative (as one variable increases, the other decreases – for example as the cost of gasoline goes higher, the number of miles driven decreases. There are a wide variety of methods for measuring correlation including: intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and the Spearman rank-order correlation.
Coefficient with the SIGMA was reported to be excellent (r = 0.93).
Each item has a severity scale from 0 to 6, with higher scores reflecting more severe symptoms. Ratings can be added to form an overall score (from 0 to 60). Snaith, Harrop, Newby, and Teale (1986) proposed the following cut-offs: scores of 0-6 indicate an absence of symptoms; 7-19 represent mild depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
; 20-34 moderate; 35-60 indicate severe depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Interviews take 20 to 60 minutes to complete.
Subscales:
The MADRS has 10 subtests (each item is therefore considered a subtest): 1. Apparent sadness; 2. Reported sadness; 3. Inner tension; 4. Reduced sleep; 5. Reduced appetite; 6. Concentration difficulties; 7. Lassitude; 8. Inability to feel; 9. Pessimistic thoughts; 10. Suicidal thoughts
Only the questionnaire and a pencil are required to complete the MADRS.
No formal training is required to complete the MADRS.
Alternative form of the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale
A self-report version of the MADRS, the MADRS-S, was developed by Svanborg and Asberg in 1994. The MADRS-S has 9-items which are based on feelings over the past 3 days. The items of the MADRS-S are as follows: Mood; Feelings of unease; Sleep; Appetite; Ability to concentrate; Initiative; Emotional involvement; Pessimism; Zest for life.
Client suitability
Can be used with:
The MADRS can be administered to clients with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
The MADRS can be used with clients with aphasiaAphasia is an acquired disorder caused by an injury to the brain and affects a person's ability to communicate. It is most often the result of stroke or head injury.
An individual with aphasia may experience difficulty expressing themselves when speaking, difficulty understanding the speech of others, and difficulty reading and writing. Sadly, aphasia can mask a person's intelligence and ability to communicate feelings, thoughts and emotions. (The Aphasia Institute, Canada), however one study examining its use in patients with aphasiaAphasia is an acquired disorder caused by an injury to the brain and affects a person's ability to communicate. It is most often the result of stroke or head injury.
An individual with aphasia may experience difficulty expressing themselves when speaking, difficulty understanding the speech of others, and difficulty reading and writing. Sadly, aphasia can mask a person's intelligence and ability to communicate feelings, thoughts and emotions. (The Aphasia Institute, Canada) found that the MADRS was more difficult to complete than the DSM-IV, especially for patients with global, mixed non-fluent, and Wernicke types of aphasias. The MADRS also became less valid when a proxy was required (Laska, Martensson, Kahan, von Arbin, & Murray, 2007).
Should not be used with:
The MADRS is intended for use with patients with a diagnosis of a depressive illness only.
Although the MADRS can be used with clients with cognitive impairments, certain features of the MADRS could bias the scores of these patients in the direction of higher depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
scores and therefore should be used with caution in individuals with cognitive impairments. This is due to the complex wording of some of the subtests (especially the subtests of Concentration difficulty; Inability to feel; Lassitude; and Inner tension) (Sadavoy, Smith, Conn, & Richards, 2004).
In what languages is the measure available?
The MADRS has been translated into the following languages:
English for Canada
English for India
English for South Africa
French for Canada
German for Austria
Mandarin for China
Mandarin for Taiwan
Portuguese for Brazil
Russian for Ukrain
Spanish for Argentina
Spanish for Chile
Spanish for Colombia
Spanish for Mexico
Spanish for the USA
The following translations have been validated:
French (Peyre, Martinez, Calache, Verdoux, Bourgeois et al., 1989)
German (Schmidtke, Fleckenstein, Moises, & Beckmann,1988)
Japanese (MADRSJ) (Kasa & Hitomi, 1987)
Spanish (Lobo, Chamorro, Luque, Dal-Re, Badia, Baro et al., 2002)
Thai (Satthapisit, Posayaanuwat, Sasaluksananont, Kaewpornsawan, & Singhakun, 2007)
What does the tool measure? DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
What types of clients can the tool be used for? Individuals with a diagnosis of depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
. Can be used, but is not limited to, persons with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Is this a screeningTesting for disease in people without symptoms.
or assessment tool? Assessment.
Time to administer The MADRS takes 20-60 minutes to be completed by interview.
Versions The MADRS was developed by Stuart Montgomery and Marie Asberg in 1979. It was developed from Asberg's Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. A self-report version of the MADRS, the MADRS-S, was developed by Svanborg and Asberg in 1994. The MADRS-S has 9-items which are based on feelings over the past 3 days.
Other Languages Translated and validated in: French, German, Japanese, Thai, and Spanish
The MADRS has been translated but not necessarily validated in 41 languages (see MADRS module for the full list of translations)
Measurement Properties
ReliabilityReliability can be defined in a variety of ways. It is generally understood to be the extent to which a measure is stable or consistent and produces similar results when administered repeatedly. A more technical definition of reliability is that it is the proportion of "true" variation in scores derived from a particular measure. The total variation in any given score may be thought of as consisting of true variation (the variation of interest) and error variation (which includes random error as well as systematic error). True variation is that variation which actually reflects differences in the construct under study, e.g., the actual severity of neurological impairment. Random error refers to "noise" in the scores due to chance factors, e.g., a loud noise distracts a patient thus affecting his performance, which, in turn, affects the score. Systematic error refers to bias that influences scores in a specific direction in a fairly consistent way, e.g., one neurologist in a group tends to rate all patients as being more disabled than do other neurologists in the group. There are many variations on the measurement of reliability including alternate-forms, internal consistency , inter-rater agreement , intra-rater agreement , and test-retest .
One study examined the internal consistencyA method of measuring reliability . Internal consistency reflects the extent to which items of a test measure various aspects of the same characteristic and nothing else. Internal consistency coefficients can take on values from 0 to 1. Higher values represent higher levels of internal consistency.
of the MADRS in a strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. clientele and reported excellent internal consistencyA method of measuring reliability . Internal consistency reflects the extent to which items of a test measure various aspects of the same characteristic and nothing else. Internal consistency coefficients can take on values from 0 to 1. Higher values represent higher levels of internal consistency.
No studies have examined the test-retest, intra-rater or inter-rater reliabilityA method of measuring reliability . Inter-rater reliability determines the extent to which two or more raters obtain the same result when using the same instrument to measure a concept.
of the MADRS in clients with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
ValidityThe degree to which an assessment measures what it is supposed to measure.
Criterion:
Two studies examined the concurrent validityTo validate a new measure, the results of the measure are compared to the results of the gold standard obtained at approximately the same point in time (concurrently), so they both reflect the same construct. This approach is useful in situations when a new or untested tool is potentially more efficient, easier to administer, more practical, or safer than another more established method and is being proposed as an alternative instrument. See also "gold standard."
of the MADRS and reported excellent correlations with the Geriatric DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Scale, the Zung Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale, and the Beck DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Inventory. The scale correlated adequately with the Cornell Scale.
Construct:
One study examined the construct validityReflects the ability of an instrument to measure an abstract concept, or construct. For some attributes, no gold standard exists. In the absence of a gold standard , construct validation occurs, where theories about the attribute of interest are formed, and then the extent to which the measure under investigation provides results that are consistent with these theories are assessed.
of the MADRS using factor analysis in 163 individuals with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. They identified 3 distinct factors: Anhedonia; Sadness; and Agitation. The factor Anhedonia was related to cognitive impairment, Sadness to neurological impairment due to the strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain., and Agitation related to somatic factors not directly related to the strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Does the tool detect change in patients? Not yet examined in a strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. population.
Acceptability MADRS is typically interview-administered, however it can be self-administered. The MADRS should be used with caution in patients with cognitive impairment as results can be skewed towards higher depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
scores, however the MADRS can be used with individuals with aphasiaAphasia is an acquired disorder caused by an injury to the brain and affects a person's ability to communicate. It is most often the result of stroke or head injury.
An individual with aphasia may experience difficulty expressing themselves when speaking, difficulty understanding the speech of others, and difficulty reading and writing. Sadly, aphasia can mask a person's intelligence and ability to communicate feelings, thoughts and emotions. (The Aphasia Institute, Canada).
Feasibility The MADRS is easy to administer due to the Structured Interview Guide for the MADRS (SIGMA) that was developed in 2008 which provides structured questions that should be asked exactly as written to ensure standardization of administration. No special training or equipment is required to complete the measure.
How to obtain the tool? The original MADRS is available by clicking here. The structured interview version of the MADRS (SIGMA) is also available as an appendix in the article by Williams and Kobak (2008).
Psychometric Properties
We conducted a literature search to identify all relevant publications on the psychometric properties of the MADRS in individuals with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain.. We identified 4 studies.
Floor/Ceiling Effects
No studies were identified that examined the floor/ceiling effects of the MADRS in individuals with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain..
Fantino and Moore (2009) examined the floor and ceiling effects of the 9-item self-administered version of the MADRS-S in 278 outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. All items had adequate ceiling effects (total score: 0.4%). Floor effects ranged from poor (appetite item, 21.6) to excellent (total score: 0.0%).
Internal consistencyA method of measuring reliability . Internal consistency reflects the extent to which items of a test measure various aspects of the same characteristic and nothing else. Internal consistency coefficients can take on values from 0 to 1. Higher values represent higher levels of internal consistency.
Agrell and Dehlin (1989) examined the internal consistencyA method of measuring reliability . Internal consistency reflects the extent to which items of a test measure various aspects of the same characteristic and nothing else. Internal consistency coefficients can take on values from 0 to 1. Higher values represent higher levels of internal consistency.
of 6 depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
rating scales in 40 elderly individuals with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain., 17 of whom were depressed according to clinical examination.
According to the authors, in the MADRS, all items correlated significantly and 8/10 items were very highly correlated (coefficients not provided in article) and Cronbach's alpha was excellent (alpha = 0.89).
Note: This publication refers to the MADRS as the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale-Depression (CPRS-D), which was the original name for the MADRS (Asberg, Montgomery, Perris, Schalling, & Sedvall, 1978).
Test-Retest:
No studies were identified that measured the test-retest reliabilityA way of estimating the reliability of a scale in which individuals are administered the same scale on two different occasions and then the two scores are assessed for consistency. This method of evaluating reliability is appropriate only if the phenomenon that the scale measures is known to be stable over the interval between assessments. If the phenomenon being measured fluctuates substantially over time, then the test-retest paradigm may significantly underestimate reliability. In using test-retest reliability, the investigator needs to take into account the possibility of practice effects, which can artificially inflate the estimate of reliability (National Multiple Sclerosis Society).
of the MADRS in a strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. population.
Fantino and Moore (2009) examined the test-retest reliabilityA way of estimating the reliability of a scale in which individuals are administered the same scale on two different occasions and then the two scores are assessed for consistency. This method of evaluating reliability is appropriate only if the phenomenon that the scale measures is known to be stable over the interval between assessments. If the phenomenon being measured fluctuates substantially over time, then the test-retest paradigm may significantly underestimate reliability. In using test-retest reliability, the investigator needs to take into account the possibility of practice effects, which can artificially inflate the estimate of reliability (National Multiple Sclerosis Society).
of the 9-item self-administered version of the MADRS in 278 outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder. The test-retest reliabilityA way of estimating the reliability of a scale in which individuals are administered the same scale on two different occasions and then the two scores are assessed for consistency. This method of evaluating reliability is appropriate only if the phenomenon that the scale measures is known to be stable over the interval between assessments. If the phenomenon being measured fluctuates substantially over time, then the test-retest paradigm may significantly underestimate reliability. In using test-retest reliability, the investigator needs to take into account the possibility of practice effects, which can artificially inflate the estimate of reliability (National Multiple Sclerosis Society).
coefficient was excellent (r = 0.78).
Intra-rater:
No studies were identified that measured the intra-rater reliabilityThis is a type of reliability assessment in which the same assessment is completed by the same rater on two or more occasions. These different ratings are then compared, generally by means of correlation. Since the same individual is completing both assessments, the rater's subsequent ratings are contaminated by knowledge of earlier ratings.
Inter-rater:
No studies were identified that measured the inter-rater reliabilityA method of measuring reliability . Inter-rater reliability determines the extent to which two or more raters obtain the same result when using the same instrument to measure a concept.
Montgomery and Asberg (1979) examined the inter-rater reliabilityA method of measuring reliability . Inter-rater reliability determines the extent to which two or more raters obtain the same result when using the same instrument to measure a concept.
of the MADRS in 64 patients with a primary depressive illness. Comparisons were made between two English raters; two Swedish raters; one English and one Swedish rater; a trained psychiatrist and a general practitioner; and a trained psychiatrist and a psychiatric nurseIn charge of, but not limited to, the "assessment and provision of care needs; support and education for patients and families; discharge planning."(Suggested by Philips et al, 2002)
. The inter-rater correlations were excellent (ranging from r = 0.89 to r = 0.97).
The MADRS covers the core symptoms of depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
with the exception of motor retardation which was excluded from the primary selection, since it occurred in relatively few patients (Montgomery & Asberg, 1979).
Farner, Wagle, Flekkoy, Wyller, Fure, Stensrod, et al. (2009) examined the construct validityReflects the ability of an instrument to measure an abstract concept, or construct. For some attributes, no gold standard exists. In the absence of a gold standard , construct validation occurs, where theories about the attribute of interest are formed, and then the extent to which the measure under investigation provides results that are consistent with these theories are assessed.
Concurrent:
Agrell and Dehlin (1989) examined the concurrent validityTo validate a new measure, the results of the measure are compared to the results of the gold standard obtained at approximately the same point in time (concurrently), so they both reflect the same construct. This approach is useful in situations when a new or untested tool is potentially more efficient, easier to administer, more practical, or safer than another more established method and is being proposed as an alternative instrument. See also "gold standard."
of the MADRS with 5 other depressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
rating scales: Geriatric DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Scale (GDS) (Brink, Yesavage, Lum, Heersema, Adey, & Rose, 1982); Zung Scale (Zung, 1965) Center for Epidemiologic Studies DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Scale (CES-D) (Shinar, Gross, Price, Banko, Bolduc, & Robinson, 1986); Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS) (Hamilton, 1967); Cornell Scale (Alexopoulos, Abrams, Young, & Shamoian, 1988) in 40 elderly individuals with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. using Pearson Product Moment Correlations. The MADRS had excellent correlations with the GDS (r = 0.86), the Zung Scale (r = 0.82), the CES-D (r = 0.83) and the HRS (r = 0.87). The MADRS had an adequate correlationThe extent to which two or more variables are associated with one another. A correlation can be positive (as one variable increases, the other also increases – for example height and weight typically represent a positive correlation) or negative (as one variable increases, the other decreases – for example as the cost of gasoline goes higher, the number of miles driven decreases. There are a wide variety of methods for measuring correlation including: intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and the Spearman rank-order correlation.
with the Cornell Scale, which did not correlate highly with any of the scales.
Tamaklo, Schubert, Mentari, and Lee (1992) compared the MADRS to the Beck DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Inventory (BDI – Beck, Ward, & Mendelson, 1961) in 22 patients with strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. and found an excellent correlationThe extent to which two or more variables are associated with one another. A correlation can be positive (as one variable increases, the other also increases – for example height and weight typically represent a positive correlation) or negative (as one variable increases, the other decreases – for example as the cost of gasoline goes higher, the number of miles driven decreases. There are a wide variety of methods for measuring correlation including: intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and the Spearman rank-order correlation.
(r = 0.65).
SensitivitySensitivity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will detect a particular disease or condition when it does indeed exist in a patient (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). See also "Specificity."
/Specificity:
Sagen, Vik, Moum, Morland, Finset, and Dammen (2009) estimated the sensitivitySensitivity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will detect a particular disease or condition when it does indeed exist in a patient (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). See also "Specificity."
and specificitySpecificity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will indicate a negative test result when the condition is absent (true negative).
of the MADRS in 104 patients 4 months post-stroke by comparing it to the DSM-IV diagnosis of DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
as the gold standardA measurement that is widely accepted as being the best available to measure a construct.
. At a cut-off of >6, the MADRS had a sensitivitySensitivity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will detect a particular disease or condition when it does indeed exist in a patient (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). See also "Specificity."
of 0.90 and a specificitySpecificity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will indicate a negative test result when the condition is absent (true negative).
of 0.66. At a cut-off of >12, a sensitivitySensitivity refers to the probability that a diagnostic technique will detect a particular disease or condition when it does indeed exist in a patient (National Multiple Sclerosis Society). See also "Specificity."
of 0.86 was found. All cut-offs lower than 9 yielded sensitivities >0.80 and specificities >0.60. Of these, a cut-off of >8 had the highest overall agreement (0.74), kappa (0.40), and positive predictive value (0.41). The AUC for the MADRS was excellent (AUC = 0.91).
Not yet examined in a strokeAlso called a "brain attack" and happens when brain cells die because of inadequate blood flow. 20% of cases are a hemorrhage in the brain caused by a rupture or leakage from a blood vessel. 80% of cases are also know as a "schemic stroke", or the formation of a blood clot in a vessel supplying blood to the brain. population.
Alexopoulos, G. S., Abrams, R. C., Young, R. C., & Shamoian, C. A. (1988). Cornell Scale for depression in dementia. Biol Psychiatry, 23, 271-284.
Asberg, M., Montgomery, S. A., Perris, C., Schalling, D., & Sedvall, G. (1978). A comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl], 271, 5-27.
Beck, A.T., Ward, C., Mendelson, M. (1961). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Bondolfi, G., Jermann, F., Rouget, B. W., Gex-Fabry, M., McQuillan, A., Dupont-Willemin, D., et al. (2009). Self- and clinician-rated Montgomery-Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale: Evaluation in clinical practice. Journal of Affective Disorders (in press).
Brink, T. L., Yesavage, J. A., Lum, O., Heersema, P. H., Adey, M., & Rose, T. L. (1982). Screening tests for geriatric depression. Clin Gerontol, l, 37-43.
Davidson, J., Turnbull, C. D., Strickland, R., Miller, R., & Graves, K. (1986). The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 73(5), 544-548.
Fantino, B., Moore, N. (2009). The self-reported Montgomery-Ã…sberg depression rating scale is a useful evaluative tool in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 9, 26.
Farner, L., Wagle, J., Flekkoy, K., Wyller, T. B., Fure, B., Stensrod, B., & Engedal, K. (2009). Factor analysis of the Montgomery Asberg depression rating scale in an elderly stroke population. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (in press).
Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol, 6, 278-298.
Kasa M, Hitomi K. 1987. The introduction of the Japanese version of comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Rinsyo Seishin Igaku (Jpn J Clin Psychiatr), 16, 83-94.
Kearns, N. P., Cruickshank, C. A. & McGuigan, K. J. (1982). A comparison of depression rating scales. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 45-49.
Laska, A. C., Martensson, B., Kahan, T., von Arbin, M., Murray, V. (2007). Recognition of depression in aphasic stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis, 24, 74-79.
Lobo, A., Chamorro, L., Luque, A., Dal-Re, R., Badia, X., & Baro, E. (2002). Grupo de Validacion en Espanol de Escalas Psicometricas (GVEEP): Validation of the Spanish versions of the Montgomery-Asberg depression and Hamilton anxiety rating scales. Med Clin (Barc), 118, 493-499.
Montgomery, S. A., Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134(4), 382-389.
Peyre, F., Martinez, R., Calache, M., Verdoux, H., & Bourgeois, M. (1989). New validation of the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS) on a sample of 147 hospitalized depressed patients. Ann Med Psychol (Paris), 147, 762-767.
Sadavoy, J., Smith, I., Conn, D. K., & Richards, B. (2004). Depression in geriatric patients with chronic medical illness, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 5(3), 187-192.
Sagen, U., Vik, T. G., Moum, T., Morland, T., Finset, A., & Dammen, T. (2009). Screening for anxiety and depression after stroke: Comparison of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Montgomery and Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research (in press).
Satthapisit, S., Posayaanuwat, N., Sasaluksananont, C., Kaewpornsawan, T., Singhakun, S. (2007). The comparison of Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS Thai) to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and to Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD): Validity and reliability. J Med Assoc Thai, 90(3), 524-531.
Schmidtke, A., Fleckenstein, P., Moises, W., & Beckmann, H. (1988). Studies of the reliability and validity of the German version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatry, 139, 51-65.
Shinar, D., Gross, C. R., Price, T. R., Banko, M., Bolduc, P. L., & Robinson, R. G. (1986). Screening for depression in stroke patients: The reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Stroke, 17, 241-245.
Snaith, R. P., Harrop, F. M., Newby, D. A., & Teale, C. (1986). Grade Scores of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and the Clinical Anxiety Scales. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 599-601.
Svanborg, P., Asberg, M. (1994). A new self-rating scale for depression and anxiety states based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr. Scand, 89, 21-28.
Tamaklo, W., Schubert, D. S., Mentari, A., Lee, S., Taylor, C. (1992). Assessing depression in the medical patient using the MADRS, a sensitive screening scale. Integrative Psychiatry, 8, 264-270.
Williams, J. B. W., & Kobak, K. A. (2008). Development and reliability of a structured interview guide for the Montgomery-Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale (SIGMA). The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 52-58.
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361-370.
Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 12, 63-70.
See the measure
How to obtain the MADRS?
The structured interview version of the MADRS is available as an appendix in the following publication:
Williams, J. B. W., & Kobak, K. A. (2008). Development and reliabilityReliability can be defined in a variety of ways. It is generally understood to be the extent to which a measure is stable or consistent and produces similar results when administered repeatedly. A more technical definition of reliability is that it is the proportion of "true" variation in scores derived from a particular measure. The total variation in any given score may be thought of as consisting of true variation (the variation of interest) and error variation (which includes random error as well as systematic error). True variation is that variation which actually reflects differences in the construct under study, e.g., the actual severity of neurological impairment. Random error refers to "noise" in the scores due to chance factors, e.g., a loud noise distracts a patient thus affecting his performance, which, in turn, affects the score. Systematic error refers to bias that influences scores in a specific direction in a fairly consistent way, e.g., one neurologist in a group tends to rate all patients as being more disabled than do other neurologists in the group. There are many variations on the measurement of reliability including alternate-forms, internal consistency , inter-rater agreement , intra-rater agreement , and test-retest .
of a structured interview guide for the Montgomery-Ãsberg DepressionIllness involving the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood or a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be wished away. People with a depressive disease cannot merely "pull themselves together" and get better. Without treatment, symptoms can last for weeks, months, or years. Appropriate treatment, however, can help most people with depression.
Rating Scale (SIGMA). The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 52-58.
Click here to obtain the original, unstructured version of the MADRS.
Related Assessments
Aphasic Depression Rating Scale (ADRS)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II)
DOC Screen
General Health Questionnaire - 28 (GHQ-28)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire (SADQ)
Page: Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)
We need your feedback


text:
NYC baseball fans optimistic about new season
The New York Mets opening day at Citi Field is Monday, March 31. Photo Credit: Getty Images / Mike Stobe
By BY IVAN PEREIRA and SHEILA ANNE FEENEY @IvanPer4 March 30, 2014 6:14 PM
Forget warmer temperatures, longer days and blooming flowers. For Big Apple baseball fans, nothing says spring in the city like the crack of a bat at Citi Field and Yankee Stadium.
The Mets and Yankees kick off their 2014 campaigns this week -- the Amazin's Monday and the Bombers Tuesday in Houston -- and fans are filled with the optimism of opening day. Although in the Bronx, that feeling is tinged with the sadness of saying goodbye to an icon, captain Derek Jeter.
"It's a new season and we get to start from scratch. It's a fresh beginning," said Mets fan Victor Caputo, 25, of Lefrak City. "Anything can happen."
The Mets kick off their home schedule this afternoon against the Washington Nationals at Citi Field with a special guest in attendance. Mayor Bill de Blasio, a Boston Red Sox fan, will throw out the first pitch with children from the East Harlem Tutorial Program, who were affected by the blast earlier this month.
Fans of the Amazin's haven't had a lot to cheer about lately. The team hasn't made the playoffs since 2006. But the acquisition of former Yankee Curtis Granderson to go with captain David Wright and the rest of the team's young talent has inspired some hope.
Joe DeCaro, founder of the blog MetsMerizedOnline.com, hailed the energy Granderson has brought to the team.
"I love his enthusiasm and his personality," DeCaro said. "I think he's perfect for the team and perfect for New York."
At their home opener next week, Yankees fans will begin a season-long process of bidding farewell to Jeter, as he plays out his 20th and final season in the Bronx. It promises to be an emotional start to a year filled with reflection on Jeter's accomplishments, including five World Series rings.
"I'm sad that he's going," said Yankees fan Garry Edey Jr., 26, of East New York. "I can't see the future without Derek Jeter." Pinstripe followers hope Jeter's teammates can help him get one more championship before the future Hall of Famer hangs up his cleats."His leaving gives the team momentum to get their game up. And they have to step up their game," said Junior Delgado, 25 of Clifton, N.J. said.
No matter what happens in 2014, fans feel good about the road ahead.
"The future is bright," said Brian Reilly, 38, an animator from Manhasset, L.I. who said he is a fan of both the Mets and Yankees. "It's exciting to see all the young players come up. It's a new beginning."
By BY IVAN PEREIRA and SHEILA ANNE FEENEY @IvanPer4
Ivan has been a staff reporter with amNewYork since May 2012 and covers breaking news, politics and enterprise stories.
Top Sports stories
Barrett's versatility on display at Summer League
Handball prepares to crown another King in Queens
'The most relevant' motorsport, coming to your backyard
Ticker-tape parade for Women's World Cup champions
The Women's World Cup parade, in photos
Top Photos & Videos
Jimmy Margulies cartoons
Festivals to put on your calendar
Our freebie guide to the city
Pass 9/11 victims compensation bill, advocates urge


EAST PRAIRIE -- Alpha Gladys Owens, 102, died May 24, 2014, at the East Prairie Nursing Center. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
SIKESTON - Dorothy Marie "Dottie" Johnson, 90, died May 25, 2014, at the Lutheran Home in Cape Girardeau. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
JACKSON, Tenn. -- Henry B. Taylor, 77, died peacefully at his home in Jackson on Thursday, May 22, 2014. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
ELCO, Ill. -- Betty Leona Norman, 73, died May 24, 2014, at her home. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
PRINCETON, Ky. -- Joe Campbell Sr., 69, died May 26, 2014, at the Princeton Health and Rehab Center. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
DEXTER -- Harry Don Foster, 62, died May 26, 2014, at his home. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
SIKESTON - Charles Lilbourn Arbaugh, 91, died May 26, 2014 at the Missouri Veterans Home in Cape Girardeau. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
CHESTERFIELD -- James Oliver Boan, 92, formerly of Bloomfield, died May 23, 2014, at Sunrise Senior Living in Chesterfield. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
NEW MADRID - Angela Bixler Bisans, 44, died May 26, 2014, at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
EAST PRAIRIE - Mary Eugenia Ray, 67, died at 2 a.m. May 25, 2014, in the York Place and Bertrand Rehabilitation Center. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
DESOTO -- Albert Allen Napier Sr., 71, died May 26, 2014, at his home. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
SIKESTON - Tommy Lee Carter, 64, a resident of Austin, Texas, died May, 25, 2014, at the Missouri Delta Medical Center following a massive heart attack while attending a family reunion in Sikeston. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
SIKESTON - Mary E. Riley, 68, died May 28, 2014, at Sikeston Convalescent Center. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
MORLEY -- Christopher Matthew Crawford, 37, died May 26, 2014, at his home. For the complete article and more stories from the Standard Democrat, log on to the electronic edition.
George E. Day Jr., a retired Air Force officer, addresses those attending the Memorial Day service in Sikeston on Monday at Veterans Park.


text:
Q: Redshift - How to remove NOT NULL constraint? Since Redshift does not support ALTER COLUMN, I would like to know if it's possible to remove the NOT NULL constraints from columns in Redshift.

A: You cannot alter the table.
There is an alternative approach. You can create a new column with NULL constraint. Copy the values from your old column to this new column and then drop the old column.
Something like this:
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD COLUMN somecolumn (definition as per your reqm);
UPDATE table1 SET somecolumn = oldcolumn;
ALTER TABLE table1 DROP COLUMN oldcolumn;
ALTER TABLE table1 RENAME COLUMN somecolumn TO oldcolumn;

A: The accepted answer can produce an error:
cannot drop table <table_name> column <column_name> because other objects depend on it

Adding CASCADE at the end of the DROP COLUMN statement will fix this, however it can have the unwanted side effect of dropping other tables if they are dependent on it.
ALTER TABLE table1 ADD COLUMN newcolumn (definition as per your reqirements);
UPDATE table1 SET newcolumn = oldcolumn;
ALTER TABLE table1 DROP COLUMN oldcolumn CASCADE;
ALTER TABLE schema_name.table1 RENAME COLUMN newcolumn TO oldcolumn;

I found this information here, when the accepted answer wasn't working for me: https://forums.aws.amazon.com/message.jspa?messageID=463248
Also note: When I tried to rename the column, I got another error:
    relation  does not exist
To fix that, I added the schema name in front of the table name in the RENAME COLUMN statement

A: There is no way to change column on Redshift.
I can suggest you to create new column, copy values from old to new column and drop old column.
ALTER TABLE Table1 ADD COLUMN new_column (___correct_column_definition___);
UPDATE Table1 SET new_column = column;
ALTER TABLE Table1 DROP COLUMN column;
ALTER TABLE Table1 RENAME COLUMN new_column TO column;


A pair of Art Deco period nightstands from about 1940 are walnut with matched burl.
The restored satiny finish is in excellent condition on this American made vintage furniture. Drawers have dovetail joints.
Measurements are 15" wide, 17" deep and 24 1/2" tall.


text:
Effects of LPS administration and subsequent nutrient restriction on systemic inflammation and hepatic steatosis in lactating dairy cows.
E. A. Horst
Join E. A. Horst on this page for a live text chat!
E. A. Horst*, S. Rodriguez-Jimenez, E. J. Mayorga, M. A. Abeyta, B. M. Goetz, S. Carta, L. H. Baumgard. Iowa State University Ames, IA.
Objectives were to evaluate effects of repeated LPS exposure followed by nutrient restriction on inflammation and fatty liver in lactating cows. Cows (631 � 16 kg BW; 124 � 15 DIM) were enrolled in a study consisting of 3 experimental periods (P); during P1 (5d) cows were ad libitum-fed and baseline data were obtained. During P2 (7d), cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) saline-infused and pair-fed (PFFR; 5 mL saline on d1, 3, and 5; n = 6) or 2) LPS-infused and ad libitum-fed (LPSFR; 0.2, 0.8, and 1.6 �g LPS/kg BW on d1, 3, and 5, respectively; n = 6). During P3 (7d), all cows were feed restricted to 50% of P1 feed intake. On d3 of P3, LPSFR cows received an LPS bolus (0.8 �g LPS/kg BW) whereas PFFR cows received saline. Blood samples were collected on d1 and 3 of P1 and d1, 3, 5, and 7 of P2 and P3. Liver biopsies were obtained on d3 of P1, d7 of P2, and d3 and 7 of P3. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED. Mild hyperthermia was observed for ~6h following each LPS bolus on d1, 3, and 5 of P2 and on d3 of P3 (0.6, 0.6, 0.8, and 0.5�C, respectively; P ≤ 0.04). Circulating LBP, SAA, and Hp increased in LPSFR relative to PFFR during P2 (3-, 4-, and 7-fold, respectively; P ≤ 0.04); LBP and SAA remained increased (2-fold) in LPSFR during P3 (P < 0.01). Circulating Hp from LPSFR steadily increased for the first 5d of P3 (5-fold relative to PFFR) and then returned to baseline (P < 0.01). Serum albumin and cholesterol from LPSFR decreased sharply from d1—3 of P2 and remained decreased for the duration of P2 relative to PFFR (12 and 16%, respectively; P ≤ 0.06). During P3, albumin and cholesterol decreased in LPSFR vs. PFFR cows (10 and 20%, respectively; P = 0.01). Liver fat content did not differ between treatments at the end of P2. Liver fat from LPSFR increased with time during P3, whereas it remained similar in PFFR cows (P = 0.04). Relative to P1, liver fat from both treatments increased during P3 (49 and 76% in LPSFR and PFFR cows, respectively; P < 0.01). In summary, repeated LPS administration followed by nutrient restriction induced a sustained systemic inflammatory response and increased liver fat content.
Keywords: inflammation, feed restriction.