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Key Features of the Affordable Care Act By Year
On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act. The law puts in place comprehensive health insurance reforms that will roll out over four years and beyond. Use the links below to learn about what's changing and when:
OVERVIEW OF THE HEALTH CARE LAW
2010: A new Patient's Bill of Rights goes into effect, protecting consumers from the worst abuses of the insurance industry. Cost-free preventive services begin for many Americans.
See More 2010 Changes.
2011: People with Medicare can get key preventive services for free, and also receive a 50% discount on brand-name drugs in the Medicare "donut hole."
2012: Accountable Care Organizations and other programs help doctors and health care providers work together to deliver better care.
2013: Open enrollment in the Health Insurance Marketplace begins on October 1st.
2014: All Americans will have access to affordable health insurance options. The Marketplace allows individuals and small businesses to compare health plans on a level playing field. Middle and low-income families will get tax credits that cover a significant portion of the cost of coverage. And the Medicaid program will be expanded to cover more low-income Americans. All together, these reforms mean that millions of people who were previously uninsured will gain coverage, thanks to the Affordable Care Act.
NEW CONSUMER PROTECTIONS • Putting Information for Consumers Online. The law provides for where consumers can compare health insurance coverage options and pick the coverage that works for them. Effective July 1, 2010. • Prohibiting Denying Coverage of Children Based on Pre-Existing Conditions. The health care law includes new rules to prevent insurance companies from...
...What Does ObamaCare Do? ObamaCare helps tens of millions of Americans get access to affordable health insurance through expanding Medicaid and CHIP, improving Medicare and setting up a "Health Insurance Marketplace" where Americans making under 400% of the federal poverty level can purchase subsidized health insurance. ObamaCare's reforms also increase the quality of care and help to curb the growth in healthcare spending among other things. ObamaCare's provisions regulate insurance companies and health care standards, but they don't regulate your health care or replace private insurance. ObamaCare lowers what most middle-to-low income Americans pay for health insurance and their out-of-pocket health care costs (by means of cost-assistance offered through the marketplace), decreases the deficit and improves government run health care programs like Medicare by cutting out wasteful spending. ObamaCare also expands Medicaid in some States to cover 15.9 million uninsured seniors and low-income individuals. ObamaCare Explained: Individual Mandate. Most Americans will have to buy insurance by 2014. Those who aren't covered under Medicaid, CHIP or Medicare will have the option to buy private insurance, obtain insurance through the workplace, pay a small tax to not have health insurance (this helps it remain affordable for the rest of us) or buy private insurance through the their State's Health Insurance Exchange. (There are other types of coverage that count as having......
...Ian B. Prof. Mix Journal #4 This editorial from the Chicago Tribune sheds some light on the Democrats irrationality of rushing the Obamacare Plan without having a clear understanding of what this massive, complex plan is, nor having a general idea on how successful it would be. Which from the Obamacare website being put together in a quick attempt to lure the american public into appeasement. Thus giving the government programmers no time to test the system due to the lawmakers anoxious rules and regulations on employers, individuals, and insurers. The website was a disastrous outcome; with tremendous computer problems that prevented people from signing up for the coverage. However, the majority of whom were able to sign up became dumbfounded on how premiums and deductibles are outrageously high. As Obama repeatedly states that Obamacare is a affordable healthcare, which allows you to keep your original doctor and coverage, is proven false by the insurance companies that tell people there coverage can't be renewed as well as offering people minimal hospitals; still at a ridiculous price. Since the plan was a wreck at the start, congress mandates that everyone must have insurance or be slapped in the face with fees and penalties. I agree cold heartedly with the editor for the fact that the Obamacare Plan is ludacris. For my brother, who works all day- six days a week, has to pay into a insurance coverage at an unreasonable price just because of his work as an......
...Obamacare Maegann Harris BUS620 July 1, 2014 Outline I. What is Obamacare a. Unofficial Names i. Affordable Care Act b. Analysis of Obamacare ii. CBO iii. Political Climate c. Pros and Cons II. Economic Growth d. Employers Response e. Small Business Survival f. GDP Growth III. Patient Protection Act g. Summary of Provisions h. Patient Bill of Rights IV. Conclusion Is Obamacare the solution to the real world problem of affordable healthcare? The purpose of this research paper is to understand whether Obamacare will be a solution to our growth or a long-term economic downfall. Does it make healthcare insurance less expensive? How will employers respond to Obamacare mandates? Can small businesses survive Obamacare? How reasonable are the projections? Obamacare also known as the Affordable Health Care Act is a new United States law designed to reform the American health care system. The main focus is on providing more Americans with access to affordable health insurance by improving the quality of health care, reducing health care spending, and regulating the health insurance industry (ObamaCare, 2014). Analysis Studies indicate that Obamacare has increased the underlying cost of individually purchased health insurance in the average state by 41 percent (Roy, 2014). This is an estimate average however, much research indicates that many different......
...Jackie Williams ObamaCare (Final) Grantham University ObamaCare (Final) This essay is being written to debate the advantages and disadvantages of ObamaCare, aka Affordable Care Act (ACA), for the American people. While many are elated and view the government as taking responsibility for those who in the past have not seen a doctor on a regular basis due to having no insurance, there are still others who believe that the passage of the law will be detrimental to the country's economy. Many are concerned that individuals will no longer have the choice of what type of medical attention they receive because the government will make those decisions for them. The truth is the Affordable Care Act requires certain types of coverage and ends discrimination that has led to higher costs and cancellations for women and people with pre-existing medical conditions. "The new ACA is a law aimed at reforming the American healthcare system. Its main focus is on providing more Americans with access to affordable health insurance, improving the quality of healthcare, regulating the health insurance industry, and reducing health care spending in the US." In spite of the many attempts by the GOP to overthrow the ACA, the fact is that it is not Government provided healthcare, but an approach by the government to subsidize and regulate private health insurance and expand Government healthcare programs like Medicare and Medicaid. There are ongoing arguments between Democrats,......
...AFFORDABLE CARE ACT "Obamacare" The Affordable Care Act, or otherwise known as "Obamacare," was signed into law on March 23, 2010 by President Barack Obama. The thing that immediately comes to mind when I think of Obamacare is healthcare for every citizen in the United States. This sounds great to me, and without research with in-depth investigation, I would say it has been homerun for Obama with acquiring votes in the past, as well as giving every citizen healthcare. I am interested in the topic of Obamacare because of the simple fact that many people of this generation believe it is a great thing; my intuition tells me that same thing. I know that the main goals of Obamacare are to provide affordable health insurance to all Americans and to ultimately reduce health care costs. This means extending coverage to about 32 million Americans who lack insurance and protecting consumers from discriminatory and unfair practices established by insurance companies. This system must work great because, after all, Canada uses this exact same socialized health care system and I hear all of the time from news media such as MSNBC and CNN about how well the healthcare system in Canada works. In fact, I have heard Michael Moore, a very well-known member of the Democratic Party, say that citizens in Canada on average live 3 years longer than American citizens because of this great healthcare system. I am very impressed by that statistic! I have heard that because Canada has a......
...Obamacare POL 201 American National Government December 10, 2012 Obamacare In an attempt to create a solution to health care, President Barrack Obama came up with a universal healthcare program called the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, also known as Obamacare. Obamacare was signed into law on March, 2010. It has been the most significant repair to the United States healthcare since Medicare and Medicaid passed in 1965. In this paper, the key points that will be discussed are obamacare policy, it pros and cons, if it raises any issues with federalism and the policys effectiveness. Obamacare is aimed at helping the underinsured to gain insurance. With this plan everyone would have health insurance regardless of income, or anything that would stop the person from attaining health insurance. The Affordable Care Act is a watershed in U.S. public health policy. Through a series of extensions of, and revisions to, the multiple laws that together comprise the federal legal framework for the U.S. health-care system, the Act established the basic legal protections that until now have been absent: a near-universal guarantee of access to affordable health insurance coverage, from birth through retirement.(Rosenbaum, 2010)	Obamacare is a name used by critics of President Obamas efforts to reform health care. Its a common term used to describe the Patient Protection and Affordable care Act of 2010. ObamaCare contains many benefits, especially for......
...Obamacare Kayla Entingh American National Government Instructor Sloan December 4th, 2012 Being a democrat myself, the last four years have been a battleground between friends and family who don't agree with my side. I have stood my ground on what I believe and back my arguments with facts. One of the largest issues being scrutinized by our country right now is Obamacare. The goals for the way our healthcare system will be laid out are either loved by people or they absolutely hate it. There have been questionable issues about violating parts of our amendments and how or why people who can't afford healthcare actually deserve it. The biggest issue with the Obamacare Plan is whether it is or isn't Constitutional and what that means for the people of the United States. The Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Together with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, it represents the most significant regulatory overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 (Wikipedia 2012). The main focus of Obamacare is to leave no person without health coverage. The majority of US Citizens struggle or can simply not afford health care thus not having proper treatment for illness for themselves or their children. The Obamacare policy is a reform of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act......
...healthcare plan. This new plan is a 2,400 page long document with huge costs. The plan will add a trillion dollars in health care spending. Obamacare calls for a $500 billion tax increase on citizens with an additional $500 billion is taken from Medicare, a plan that has benefited us for a long time. Obamcare will help people but at what cost? How can we afford to pay billions without going bankrupt? President Obama's plan will cause the national deficit to steeply increase. Obamacare is a disaster for the national budget and for the American people. About half of the American public feels that President Obama is forcing them to buy healthcare. The public should feel this way about this kind of government takeover. How can you decide to use a plan when almost half the nation is against you? Those who won't get healthcare will have to pay a fine, which most people feel is another tax. This plan takes away the people's freedom to choose. President Obama should yield to the American people and stop the progression of Obamacare. Mitt Romney will allow states to design their own healthcare plan by issuing an executive order that provides all 50 states with a waiver for Obamacare. He will then work to create policies that enable the states to make their own healthcare plan. Obamcare will work but will not be entirely effective. Obamacare does not address the individual states and their most alarming ailments. Mitt Romney's plan...
...Title: Obama Administration Says 28% of Health-Law Enrollees Are 18 to 34 Years Old Reference: Radnofsky, L. & Mathews, A. W. (2014). Obama Administration Says 28% of Health-Law Enrollees Are 18 to 34 Years Old. Wall Street Journal. Retrieve from http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303948104579535941871360828?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702303948104579535941871360828.html&fpid=2,7,121,122,201,401,641,1009 Statements of article focus: This article focused on the coverage expansion of health insurance under ACA (Obamacare), and presented data and facts that there is a short fall for the coverage of young people. Supporters of the act said more young people are needed in the risk pool to reduce the overall cost. Statements of article facts and arguments: The purpose of Obamacare is to provide affordable care to as many people as it can. One way to reduce the cost of the "universal insurance" is to attract more young and healthy people to join in the plan, so that the premiums they paid could generate the cost for the older and sicker people in the risk pool. However, the data released recently showed that only 28% of the enrollees were 18 to 34 years old. This group is thought to be a generally healthy group. The data is significantly below the estimated rate, 40%, which is believed by some experts that can balance the overall cost. Many big insurers said that they would lose money or only earn a small......
...Professor Reboli SOC 311 09/10/2012 Obama Care Obamacare is also referred as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is a United States federal statue signed on March 23, 2010 by President Barack Obama. Along with the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, its main purpose is to reform health care. In 2014 the new Act will take place, which is designed to reduce the overall coverage health care costs by making services available to the 32 million who currently can't receive insurance. Some of the Obamacare pros will consist of affordable health insurance. For example, for people who can't afford health insurance, the Federal government will pay the states to add them to Medicaid. The income requirements are expanded up to 133% of the Federal poverty level-this consists of $29,000 with a family of four. Insurance companies cannot deny children coverage for pre-existing conditions. This benefit applies to everyone in 2014. Insurance companies can no longer drop anyone from coverage once they get sick. If a company denies someone, coverage the person can go to an external appeals process. Parents are able to place their children on their health insurance plans up until the age 26. As of 2012, more than three million previously uninsured young people were added. In 2014, tax credits will increase by 50% and lower the budget by $143 billion over the next 10 years by raising some taxes and shifting more cost burdens. Some of the cons would be if people......
...Running head: HEALTHCARE REFORM 1 Obamacare Ericka Silva POL201 American National Government Nicole Jones May 27, 2013 HEALTHCARE REFORM	2 Obamacare Since the passing of President Barack Obama's Healthcare Bill there has been a lot of a dispute. People have made accusations that this is a way for government control and socialism. Many people are frightened that the arrangement will extinguish the free market economy. They also believe that it will take away the people's right to make a choice. "The massive law pushing the United States toward universal health coverage won Supreme Court validation on June 28 in a decision that advances the most ambitious reshaping of American social policy in generations (Woodward, C. 2012)." There have been many who have said repetitively that this bill is constitutionally uncertain. There are many people who also say the government does not have the right to force the whole nation to buy healthcare insurance. There is a disagreement that President Obama is urging for cloaked tax on employment. This will make the amount of uninsured Americans increase. "The overhaul is unfolding in stages and is to peak in 2014 when all Americans will be required to have health insurance, with a few narrow exceptions (Woodward, C. 2010)." On the other side of all this, Obama said that it will spread the health coverage to an additional 30+ million people. In doing this it will decrease the cost considerably. The......
...Analysis of Obamacare Health Policy Anthony E Davis POL201: American National Government Ginger Devine November 25, 2013 Analysis of Obamacare Health Policy One of the most crucial issues of today is the issue of health insurance and availability of quality health services to all residents of the U.S. This paper will analyze the Obamacare Healthcare Policy-highlighting its core elements, health care problem solution, and the policies history. Also it will evaluate the pros and cons using different perspectives in debate. Let's begin with the elements of Obamacare. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), also called Obamacare or the Affordable Care Act, is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 (ObamaCare Summary: A Summary of Obama's Health Care Reform, 2013). Since the establishment of Medicaid and Medicare of 1965, Obamacare is one of the most significant expansions from the government and administrative overhaul of the U.S healthcare system. The purpose of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is to raise the rate of health coverage of Americans, to modernize the delivery of health care services, and to reduce the overall costs of health care. This is to be done by restricting certain insurance company practices and providing tax credits and subsidies for individuals and businesses. Prior to the approval of the Obamacare Policy, the American health care industry was in deep...
...Obamacare Obamacare POL 201 American National Government December 10, 2012 Obamacare In an attempt to create a solution to health care, President Barrack Obama came up with a universal healthcare program called the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, also known as Obamacare. Obamacare was signed into law on March, 2010. It has been the most significant repair to the United States healthcare since Medicare and Medicaid passed in 1965. In this paper, the key points that will be discussed are obamacare policy, it pros and cons, if it raises any issues with federalism and the policys effectiveness. Obamacare is aimed at helping the underinsured to gain insurance. With this plan everyone would have health insurance regardless of income, or anything that would stop the person from attaining health insurance. The Affordable Care Act is a watershed in U.S. public health policy. Through a series of extensions of, and revisions to, the multiple laws that together comprise the federal legal framework for the U.S. health-care system, the Act established the basic legal protections that until now have been absent: a near-universal guarantee of access to affordable health insurance coverage, from birth through retirement.(Rosenbaum, 2010) Obamacare is a name used by critics of President Obamas efforts to reform health care. Its a common term used to describe the Patient Protection and Affordable care Act of 2010. ObamaCare contains many......
...Obamacare has some key elements to the policy. The main key element is the requirement of every individual to purchase government approved heath care insurance. Families and individuals currently carrying insurance will be able to keep those plans. Tax credits will be issued to families and individuals that make less than four hundred percent below federal poverty line, who do not qualify for Medicaid. Also, there will be a requirement to health care insurances to cover reproduction preventatives for women without and fees or co-pays. Next, a brief history of the policy will be discussed (Obamacare, n/a.dd). A system of federalism is lacking in the Obamacare Policy. Federalism was created to balance the power between federal and state governments. Obamacare is lacking the governance of state and local entities, leaving the federal government as the sole power. The federal government is forcing an individual mandate to every individual to purchase health insurance, but legally is it the states that have the authority to make the final decisions on governmental programs. There is tension that if the states buck the federal government of the issue, they may lose federal funding for Medicaid. There are pros and cons to the new policy (Obamacare, 2010). There are several pros to Obamacare. It was created to reduce the overall health care deficit by having every individual care health insurance. This would promote health and be a preventive to the emergency room. ......
...Effects of Obamacare on health insurance for retirees Name Institution Effects of Obamacare on health insurance for retirees While Obamacare is not directly to blame for organizations reducing and modifying retiree benefits, the law is helpless in slowing this trend. It could ultimately increase expenses for organizations that plan to cut expenses using retiree benefits. The law has set a minimum base for what medical care health-insurance plans should cover. Even as many organizations existing health-insurance plans were allowed and excluded from conforming to these requirements, the exclusion is withdrawn if companies make considerable changes to their health-insurance offerings, which is normal. Proponents of this law are positive it will reduce the overall health care expenditure in the U.S. and individual cost of medical treatments and procedures, which will cut costs for employers, but it could take years or even decades to assess the benefits of this Act. With the launch on the 1st of October 2013 of public health-insurance exchanges, organizations can now refer them as possible options to corporate-sponsored retiree packages. Retirees between the ages of 55 and 65 who are not qualified for Medicare and who generally fall sick more often than their younger colleagues currently pay the highest premium in the market. Under Obamacare, health status will no longer be criteria for charging people more by......
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Yesterday was my birthday. People keep asking what I'm doing. Running the Dipsea on Sunday!
Previous Post Mainstream publication stories about insider-y triathlon stuff always amuse me (even when they're good) because they're always just a LITTLE bit off.
Happy birthday, Kelly! I hope Dipsea goes well for you. Congratulations on a very solid race at Alcatraz last weekend — I think that bodes well for your upcoming IM race. Stay healthy and strong!


text:
Anisacanthus trilobus är en akantusväxtart som beskrevs av Gustav Lindau. Anisacanthus trilobus ingår i släktet Anisacanthus och familjen akantusväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Akantusväxter
trilobus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Restaurants and growers helping the people of Ukraine
SANTA MONICA, Calif. — It looks like a work of art, but in this case you can eat it. For Jenna Fuchser, baking is her passion.
"It's very creative. Blending different things together and seeing how it turns out is really exciting," she said.
Nowadays, her baking has a larger purpose. She works at Gjusta, which is taking part in a fundraiser that will benefit two non-governmental organizations currently helping the people of Ukraine.
"It's an easy way for us, doing what we love and helping someone else. It's the least we can do right now," Fuchser said.
The effort was organized by Gather for Good, a nonprofit started by baker Stephanie Chen and farmer Sherry Mandell. The two women gathered together different retailers, chefs and bakers who agreed to donate a portion of their proceeds on a specific day to a nonprofit. In this case, the people in Ukraine.
One hundred percent of the money from the tortillas Mandell sold at the farmer's market in Santa Monica went to the fundraiser.
"That's not OK and we're going to do something about it. We just can't have children in situations like this," she said.
Gather for Good started in 2017 and since then they have raised $120,000 for various nonprofits.
Sylvia Yoo heard about the fundraiser and said spending her money at participating retailers is her way of helping.
"I don't think anybody can see the news and not think that what's going on is wrong," Yoo said.
Gjusta is just one of 40 retailers taking part in the fundraiser.
Man followed, attacked outside his apartment building in Los Angeles
Driver Taken Into Custody in Lengthy Orange County Pursuit – NBC Los Angeles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Gift sets. Gift sets as far as the eyes can see. Just when I thought I was getting a handle on them more arrive. No complaints, but I'm realizing I still have a lot of gift options to chat up with you lovely peeps with the holidays growing ever closer. Two get knocked off the list today though, with theses stunning options from Marc Jacobs. With simple, but elegant cases, the Your Place or Mine? Five-Piece Travel Brush Collection & Up All Night Five-Piece Petites Le Marc Lip Collection bring a touch of designer flair to your gift giving game.
Each of these Marc Jacobs Sets come with beauty products tucked inside a slightly padded, faux leather (or vegan leather, but I hate that term...) zip case. The cases come in metallic jewel tones with black and gold capped tassels. The cases can easily be used as clutches or for storage, but it's the tassels that I really love. Is it wrong that I want to finagle one for on my planner?
The Your Place or Mine? Five Piece Travel Brush Collection comes in a deep green case, and features five travel size versions of the popular Marc Jacobs brushes. The brushes aren't full size, but are still larger than what I typically expect of a travel size brush, which is great. The set includes a face, foundation, eyeshadow, crease, and angled liner brush with a black-on-black design. They are stylish looking, but do lack the signature silver capping found on full size Marc Jacobs brushes.
This set has a pretty hefty price tag, so I would expect perfect quality all around. While the brushes have excellent feeling bristles (super soft and synthetic) there is a lot of glue stank. It's quite noticeable when you open the case and remove the protective coverings. The smell has been dissipating since having them out in the open, but you can't help but wonder how well these will hold up over the long term.
Unfortunately, this set is an online exclusive, meaning you can't preview it in-store before buying. It definitely looks great, but I'm just not sure you're going to get a true investment with these brushes. Only time will tell.
I love the minis, as I can't say I tend to finish full size lipsticks very often. I love the idea of multiple shades and that these are part of the permanent range. I am already a bit obsessed with Slow Burn, so a full size re-purchase will be in order sometime in 2017. The only (minor) issue with these is that the tip is longer than the bottom half of the tube, so you do have to take care when re-capping to avoid breakage.
Overall, two gorgeous sets! I do have a favourite of the two, with the Up All Night set. The brushes, just don't seem to command their weighty price point. What do you think? Are you interested in gifting or getting either of these sets?


You`ve been latetly waiting for the big online poker event Poker Fest? Well, have a little bit more patience, because it is not 100% sure when the event will take place.
The main responsible team behind the Poker Fest event – Partypoker – has recently made a short image-like statement as to the fest. The image is simple – postponed notice that will probably make many players and poker lovers quite disappointed. We are not sure yet when the exact and correct of the event will be, but what we know for sure is the main reason why the fest is delayed. It turned out that there`s a big problem in connectivity feature of the software that will operate the event. The news has come during the weekend and Partypoker might be very worried about what`s happening right now since it has already promised to present a completely new experience and style of its Poker Fest.


text:
A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign.
The work A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign. represents a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Internet Archive - Open Library. This resource is a combination of several types including: Work, Language Material, Books.
The Resource A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign.
a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign.
By the Rev. Philip Slaughter ..
Slaughter, Philip, 1808-1890
Fairfax, Randolph, 1842-1862
Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862
.F15
Context of A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign.
A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign., By the Rev. Philip Slaughter ..

 Data from A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign. - Internet Archive - Open Library

Data Citation of the Work A sketch of the life of Randolph Fairfax, : a private in the ranks of the Rockbridge artillery, attached to the "Stonewall brigade" and subsequently to the 1st regt. Va. light artillery, 2d corps, Army of northern Virginia; including a brief account of Jackson's celebrated Valley campaign.
http://link.archive.org/resource/aKZn9bQ1_lo/
http://library.link/resource/aKZn9bQ1_lo/


text:
NOMOTHETIKA: Философия.
Социология. Право
Open party lists: people-power resources and associated electoral risks
Author(s): M.V. Markhgeym, Dr., Prof., Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia, Markheim@bsu.edu.ru
A.I. CHerenkova, no, no, Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia, pozharova@bsu.edu.ru
Rubric: Actual Problems of Legal Regulation
Annotation: The article is influenced by the demand for the formation in Russian Federation of a democratic electoral space, where it really counted the votes and with their help, develop a credible and professional representative bodies are considered the advantages and disadvantages existing in foreign countries practice open party lists used in the proportional systems, to assess the feasibility of its introduction in our country. Using the system of open party lists will allow for more subtle consideration of the interests of voters who support even a few parties. It minimizes the risk of getting into Parliament in a way other than voter support. The use of open lists for voting contributes to the formation of the rating of both the party and its members who are applying for a seat in Parliament. Such a system increases the likelihood of reputational, professional, people's power, and guarantee increments in the quality characteristics of the Parliament and the electoral rights of citizens.
Keywords: open party lists, elections, voters, proportional electoral system, citizens ' rights


day to the convention center). All the "should of" "would have"
myself about not being superhuman. I know. I know. Stop it.
this will get more people) submission.
Eelke for the meet and greet because he helped on the proposals.
that this gets us a few more passes.
expo area (no talks, etc). That's the reality.
airlines, etc for the last date to cancel without penalty.
know if the pass situation changes but for now it doesn't look great.
going to have to try and talk our asses off at GDC.


text:
Diversity: Our Best Defense
By Michael Powell, NCTA
The following is an edited transcript of remarks made by Michael Powell, president and CEO of NCTA-The Internet & Cable Association, at the Sept. 21 Walter Kaitz Foundation Fundraising Dinner in New York.
I am pleased to be here in New York again for another Diversity Week. I welcome all of you who join us tonight, and I appreciate your support of the work of the Walter Kaitz Foundation.
Whether you are a first-timer or a veteran, you must admit that this week is extraordinary — and unique in the annals of American corporate culture.
While these traditions and rituals may feel repetitive from one year to the next, if you step back, it's interesting to consider how the context for these gatherings evolves from time to time. At the founding of the Kaitz Foundation, more than 30 years ago, these events and our diversity activities were very much designed to diversify a fairly homogenous group of executives. They had founded, launched and nurtured a great enterprise.
As time progressed, this week and these events began to mirror the explosive growth of our industry itself — more people poured in, more money was raised and the urgency in addressing critical diversity issues ratcheted up.
In recent years, we have had some successes in shaping our industry with diverse and powerful voices, aiming to represent the best America has to offer. Our workforce, our content, our marketing, our viewers and subscribers: All have benefitted from our sustained commitment — your sustained commitment — to diversity principles and action.
And so we find ourselves in 2016, with our great professional conferences, wide range of meetings and activities, and another opportunity to renew our financial and moral commitment to diversity objectives.
Our diversity challenges have shifted somewhat, however: We've gotten pretty good at attracting, recruiting, hiring and employing diverse candidates. Now, we must improve at retaining and promoting diverse employees.
We've made major inroads over the years, particularly for women and people of color. Now we must broaden our focus to acknowledge the importance of opportunity for other groups, such as the LGBT community and military veterans.
We've learned how to better serve an increasingly diverse group of consumers. Now we must expand our efforts to better serve the hearing- and sight-disabled, the elderly, and those who are economically disadvantaged.
And, we've deployed a broad and exciting range of advanced video, broadband, digital voice, and other products. We must continue to strive to ensure that those services and products can be accessible to all Americans.
Our goal together is to make real impact and to be an inspiration. Not only are these the themes of tonight's Kaitz Foundation event. They are the objectives against which we — as an industry and as a nation — will be measured in the years ahead.
In case you have not heard, we are in the midst of a national election. In this campaign, the dominant metaphor has become a wall. Not the physical one that is promised along our southern border, but the virtual/emotional one that is being erected to divide people from one another.
The one that provides a barrier to the thoughts and views expressed on the other side. A wall that keeps us here and them there.
This sordid campaign has created a sanctuary for racial slurs, for gender hostility, for bullying the weak and even for inciting violence. It has summoned forth our darker demons and provided sustenance to previously dormant purveyors of hate. Content, ridicule and belittlement has trampled civility and mutual respect as the language of mature discourse.
For all those that mourn this state of affairs, I urge you to reaffirm and reinvigorate your passion and your commitment to diversity. Diversity can mean many things. It encompasses inclusion and opportunity, as well as fairness and fellowship.
But at its core, diversity calls on us to employ our greatest human superpower — and that is empathy. Empathy is our ability to see through the eyes of another. It lets us observe things we would never have seen through our own ocular lenses. It is our own version of having multiple camera angles for instant replay.
Diversity is a commitment to open our mind's eye to imagine another person's life. To see and understand what brings them joy and what brings them pain. Empathy makes us kinder people, allows us to grow and deepens our understanding of ourselves and the world around us. In short, it makes us wiser. And wisdom makes us all better, more thoughtful and more effective human beings.
Diversity is powerful. We often speak of its affirmative benefits. But diversity may also be a defense — its own wall of sorts, one that stands against self-centeredness, nativism, racism and an ideology that demeans the value of other people. This is one wall I say we should build, or we all will pay for it.
Michael Powell is president and CEO of NCTA-The Internet & Television Association.
Michael Powell, NCTA


Really privileged to be asked the attend the reception for the #London #design #biennial at Somerset House to celebrate the U.K. and #HongKong design partnership. All the grand and good were there. Promotion of the British #creativeindustries industry is always a great thing.
Half the branding for this years event.
View as you enter the courtyard at Somerset House.


text:
Bettie M. Svitanek
Home / Obituaries / Bettie M. Svitanek
Bettie M. Svitanek, nee Andrade, passed away peacefully at home in Round Lake Beach, IL, on January 10, 2015. To those who knew Bettie, she was very social and friendly. She was the hostess of many special gatherings and dinners at her house as she was an excellent cook.
Along with her culinary skills, she enjoyed food such as welsh rarebit, mock chicken legs, and especially, lobster tail and prime rib. Bettie also loved people! She always talked fondly of her cherished longtime neighbors in the community where she lived for over 60 years, her fun loving friends from the bowling league at Lakes Bowl, and her cherished associates/friends from Ammco Tools.
She loved all kinds of animals, but she led a special crusade to feed and look after feral cats in the neighborhood. Buddy, a shiny black cat with yellow eyes, was a motivating force behind Bettie's happiness and resilience. Bettie was known to be an advocate for Spay and Stay where she met friends Sandy and Linda as well as a contributor to Save a Pet, both animal rescue organizations located in Grayslake. At times, she was a volunteer for Save a Pet and contributed her craft work for their fundraising efforts.
She was a loving wife, mother, sister, aunt, grandmother, and great-grandmother. Bettie had 25 delightful years of marriage to an adoring husband who she shared trips, dinners, indoor cats, and fishing with, both on the Chain of Lakes and on Lake Michigan. Christmas was one of their favorite shared holidays. We, too, always enjoyed her Christmas dinners out to a special restaurant with money saved in a special fund throughout the year.
Family was so very important to her. Bettie was known to video record with narration her grandchildren's birthday and holiday parties. She would be a number one fan at their soccer games and music concerts. Additionally, she crocheted many baby blankets and afghans for family members. She was always there for her children with encouragement, kindness, and love. She would exchange video recordings with Cheryl at holidays and exchange audio cassettes with Tom when he was stationed in Korea to let him know she was thinking of him. She was a painter, singer, guitarist, and keyboardist. She and her brother Edward shared their talents in keyboards. They had a gift of music. Often we would hear Bettie play songs like America's "A Horse With No Name" and many others.
Bettie is survived by a daughter, Cheryl Contri of Brunswick, Ohio; a son Thomas (Kathleen) Contri of Spring Grove, Illinois; four grandchildren, Benjamin Contri of Waukegan, Illinois, Stephanie (Rob) Hagele of Brunswick, Ohio, Anthony Contri of Chicago, Illinois, and Carly Contri of Chicago, Illinois; two great-grandchildren, Giselle and Gabby; special niece Debbie Wells; great-nephew, Chris Johnson; and former daughter-in-law and friend, Sherry Walleck.
She was preceded in death by her husband, John, in 2002; her parents; brother, Edward and sister-in-law, Delores.
We would like to thank the Advocate Hospice team and caregivers from Home Instead of Grayslake for their special care and friendship shown to Bettie in her final months. As she would tell you today, "I had a good life."
Interment will be private. A "Celebration of Life" gathering may be announced at a later date. Memorials may be made in her name to Save a Pet or Spay and Stay, Grayslake, Illinois. Strang Funeral Chapel, 410 East Belvidere Road, Grayslake, IL
Jane F. Peterka
Judith M. Kuzma
One reply on "Bettie M. Svitanek"
I love and miss you so very much Mom.Thank you for always loving and being there for me.How blessed all that knew you that you came into our life.


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Nov 23rd, 2015
Nov 3rd, 2015
Nov 2nd, 2015
Lots of New Photos From "Suicide Squad"
Trailer for "Dirty Grandpa" Comedy, with Robert De Niro and Zac Efron
Sandra Bullock to Star in Female Version of "Ocean's Eleven"
Trailer for Jared Hess' "Don Verdean" Comedy, with Sam Rockwell
"Indiana Jones" Producer Says Harrison Ford Will Not Be Recast
Trailer for Adam Sandler's "The Ridiculous 6" Comedy
"The Walking Dead" Fan Kills Friend Who Turned Into a Zombie
Another "Monopoly" Movie in the Works
"Jumanji" Remake Hires "Con Air" Writer
Disney's "Tower of Terror" Park Ride Movie Moving Forward
Johnny Depp and Edgar Wright Team for "Fortunately, the Milk"
David Slade Reveals His Vision for Cancelled "Daredevil" Movie
Posted: April 9th, 2013 by WorstPreviews.com Staff
While promoting his "Hannibal" TV series, David Slade has been answering questions about the "Daredevil" movie that he was set to direct for 20th Century Fox.
For those who don't know, Fox had to begin filming last year in order to keep the rights from reverting back to Marvel. Unfortunately, Slade dropped out at the last second. Joe Carnahan (The Grey) attempted to step in as his replacement, but it was too late. Marvel now owns Daredevil again and the film is considered dead.
"I remember Joe Carnahan went after [the job] hard when the rights were about to go," said Slade. "He cut together [a pitch video] that was great and exciting, but it was kind of sad, because everything in that trailer we had attempted to do. Every single thing."
The director went on to say that he planned to use an early version of Daredevil in his movie, including the character's yellow suit. "[The film was going to be set] in the 70s, Kingpin is going through New York dealing with the Irish mafia, and there's Daredevil in the yellow suit. It was all there," he explained.
Joe Carnahan's Pitch Video:
Source: FilmSchoolRejects
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Displaying 34 comment(s) Profanity: Turn On
ab5olut10n writes:
on April 9th, 2013 at 7:40:57 AM
the hannibal pilot sucked balls
Taco writes:
Probably a good thing it didn't get made.
ENFORCER writes:
Christ what has hannibal got to do with this c*ntlips?
The picture at tope CLEARLY shows the character as WHITE, why does it have to be a nig nog?
SACdaddy writes:
what the f*ck are you blathering about now Enforcer?
McQueen writes:
"the hannibal pilot sucked balls"
Well since you mention it I must say that it's not really well done. The profiler that has so much empathy with the serial killers is constantly on the edge of losing his mind by becoming one of them eventually. Too many victims per episode IMO as it's just too much for a 50 min tv show. I expected somehow that some intensity would build up until the serial killer is caught a the end but none of this happening there.
Bates Motel on the other hand is really well made with a good scenario, good suspense and it doesn't fall in the trap by imitating the original Psycho. Vera Farminga is excellent and sexy while the young Anthony Perkins is slowly but surely developing his pshycho side.
Game of Thrones season 3 is meh so far as the first 2 episode didn't show much and I'm starting to think that it's not that easy to handle seven kingdoms at once in just 60 min.
The5thBeatle5 writes:
At first glance I thought the article title read "David Spade.." and was like what the f*ck??
BadChadB33 writes:
Makes me like the original movie better.
LeeMaca writes:
the directors cut of daredevil was ten times better than the theatrical release, It grounded and humanised daredevil and sadly has only been seen by a few
Fightclub1 writes:
I really want another movie to get made of daredevil. He's one of my favorite superheros and one of the coolest
j-man writes:
on April 9th, 2013 at 10:21:53 AM
Slade lost any kind credibility the moment he directed a twilight film, f*cking c*nt!
Deaft0ne writes:
The Hannibal pilot was excellent and actually depicted the most faithful versions of Will Graham and Hannibal Lecter. Read Red Dragon again you simians.
GreenLensman writes:
I just watched the deadpool fan made movie after watching this, it's pretty funny
Jerzydevil writes:
I thought they said David Spade..
Kurskij writes:
on April 9th, 2013 at 12:25:12 PM
What @lee maca said.
Director's cut was surprisingly decent - no master work, but a very solid movie.
"Daredevil" had some sh*tty soundtrack choices (Evanescence, really?) and one of the worst choreographed fight scenes ever - playground "fight", but it had some very inventive visuals (ex.: bar fight) and good cinematography courtesy of Ericson Core, but Fox did what Fox usually does and seemingly shat all over the final theatrical product.
Skywalker121289 writes:
on April 9th, 2013 at 1:06:45 PM
If it wasn't thrown out there as an intentional B throwback movie, I'd have loved to have seen this get made. I kinda doubt that it would have gone anywhere or gotten the revenue that the studio would have wanted.
If you want to do Daredevil right, you're going to have to have a killer script and its going to have to be sold on its originality, not the name alone. That's why it bombed in the first place- the show wouldn't have gotten greenlit if it hadn't been a prime Marvel comic book title. I wonder when the idiots are going to start creating decent movies and not just adapting soso comic books.
Bastards. Get it right.
Fox needs some better Depends to keep all the poop from leaking out over all of their endeavors.
Stapes writes:
@deaftone. You're thinking of Red Dragon, moron.
minkowski writes:
^^He did mention Red Dragon, right?
Anyway, didn't care for the original film. Way too much focus on making Affleck some kind of brittle Harrison Ford sex-symbol actor. It was little more than a showcase of Ben's chin. Way too hammy acting, way too much focus on his relationship with the hot chick and far, far too little focus on dealing with the villain, which, IIRC, was almost a side quest.*
It's like they tried to make it into a love story between these two flawed but beautiful people, and that was the absolutely wrong take. Piss poor direction, no character development, weak villain(s) and no story all through out. But that's FOX for you.
I'm just glad Marvel has the property back; they'll have far, FAR better an idea what to do with the character.
*I haven't seen Daredevil in many a moons.
vincere01 writes:
I enjoyed daredevil. I own the directors cut myself. Not batman begins, more so batman forever. Not great, but good enough to deserve a sequel if its improved upon.
Affleck already said no, and its been a decade so recasting should be a sinch. I say keep colin farrel, he was not half bad. Keep favreau he was good. Replace ben with Henry Cavill. Replace duncan with ving rhames (only big black dude I can think of who is at least halfway decent actor). Replace garner with olivia wilde or Autumn Reeser. Both have been decent in action roles and can act.
Wouldn't be all that bad. Make it 5 years later. And kingpin has escaped jail (bought his way out?) And is coming for revenge. As is bullseye. Bring on another major villain as well. Make it that they all want daredevil dead and they don't work well together so there is also some in-fighting.
It could be good. Or they could just blow it up and start over. f*ck it
"It was little more than a showcase of Ben's chin."
@mink
Yeah it's obvious that stapes has the reading comprehension of an earwig.
@vincere
This would definitely be a reboot so none of the previous cast would be back. Also, Kingpin is white.
pornfly writes:
Can i borrow someones DD Directors Cut?
I dont know any 5year olds
REALLY?? a yellow suit wont work on the big screen.
I dont care what friggin year its supposed to be
Hannibal kicked ass
"Yeah it's obvious that stapes has the reading comprehension of an earwig."
Indeed, but he wants to correct me on a quibble because he beat me to the 'Battle of Artemisium' Wikipedia this morning.
here are some pretty funny DD bloopers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6xM4ITsgd8
actually makes the movie seem better than it was =D
BlackDynamite writes:
I only liked Mads Mikkelson in the Hannibal pilot. I feel like the entire series is just Red Dragon (not good enough for Manhunter) dragged out over 12 episodes with random astral deers all over the place.
@BlackDynamite
Hannibal is set 4 years before the events of Red Dragon. If it lasts, season 5 would be a 13 episode adaptation of the entire Red Dragon novel.
@mink watch the directors cut it's WAY better than the original
seveltoto writes:
on October 25th, 2017 at 2:50:23 AM
aleale writes:
on November 10th, 2017 at 11:51:29 AM
sevelace writes:
on November 14th, 2017 at 3:00:07 AM
Situs Judi pokerace
recreator9 writes:
on November 17th, 2017 at 10:13:53 PM
nikitavirza writes:
on January 18th, 2018 at 3:48:20 AM
Jenifer_616 writes:
on February 11th, 2018 at 3:56:02 AM
on February 13th, 2018 at 12:55:07 AM
Paul Bettany Responds to Jason Statham's "Avengers" Insult
"The Flash" Movie Hires Director


text:
Virus May Drive Some Prostate Cancers
Testing for XMRV might help spot more aggressive disease, experts say
By Ed Edelson
TUESDAY, Sept. 8, 2009 (HealthDay News) -- A new study tightens the suspected link between a virus and prostate cancer, and raises the possibility that infection with the virus could be an indicator of aggressive tumors that require swift treatment.
"We're not making any causal association at this moment," stressed Dr. Ila R. Singh, an associate professor of pathology at the University of Utah, lead author of a report on the virus, known as xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV).
"There probably are multiple causes of prostate cancer, but for the first time we have analyzed prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue and found cancers are much more likely to have [the virus]," Singh said.
Zika's Damage Continues in Children Infected Before Birth
Looks Like Guys Are More Prone to Pack on the 'Freshman 15'
The research is published in this week's issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
A link between XMRV and prostate cancer was first reported two years ago by researchers at the Cleveland Clinic and the University of California, San Francisco. They found the virus in cells around tumors.
The new study, involving more than 300 prostate cancer specimens, found that 27 percent of them carried the virus.
"It was also more likely to be present in more aggressive tumors," Singh said. "We found it in 20 percent of the least aggressive tumors and over 45 percent of the most aggressive tumors."
So, a test for presence of XMRV could be at least a partial solution to the major problem facing doctors who treat prostate cancer: distinguishing the minority of virulent, life-threatening cancers from the majority of tumors which grow so slowly that "watchful waiting" may be enough.
Prostate cancers now are diagnosed by a test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein produced by the gland. However, PSA tests cannot single out aggressive cancers, and there is a major debate on whether widespread use of these tests leads to overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
"I don't know yet if this is the better test, but it might be linked to more aggressive prostate cancers," Singh speculated.
Robert A. Silverman, a professor of cancer biology at the Cleveland Clinic, was one of the researchers who first reported the association of XMRV with prostate cancer. He called the new study "very exciting."
"Finding it in cancer cells makes it easier to reconcile with the idea of a cancer-causing virus than in our prior study," Silverman said. "The prior study found the virus in cells surrounding the cancer. We can't say with certainty that XMRV is a cause of cancer, but it still is a candidate for a cancer-causing virus."
Even if causation is not proved, "XMRV could be a marker for aggressive tumors," Silverman said.
His group has continued research on the virus, one of which indicates that human semen promotes the activity of XMRV, Silverman said.
The new study also overturns a previously reported association between XMRV infection and a genetic variation carried by a small percentage of men. "We don't find any such association," Singh said. So, the new research appears to expands the population at risk from the virus to all men -- whether they carry the genetic variant or not.
Singh and her colleagues are expanding their research on XMRV. "We don't know if women have the virus, and we are looking at cervical cells from Pap smears," she said. "We are looking at seminal fluid from men and also at tissues other than the prostate. We have two large series of autopsies of male and female organs. We are also looking for antibodies to the virus in serum as a way to detect infection."
Find out more about prostate cancer at the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
SOURCES: Ila R. Singh, M.D., Ph.D, associate professor, pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Robert A. Silverman, Ph.D, professor, cancer biology, Cleveland Clinic; Sept. 7, 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, online


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Discussion and Speculation
Alternative History and Future Speculation
To multirole or not...RN Warships from the 1960s?
Thread starter zen
So I'm in two minds here on whether this should be a alternative history thread or a hypothetical one?
In essence it could be classed as truly hypothetical, but some of the subsystems and even 'alternative' weapons are in fact clearly alternative history. So it's a bit 50/50 on which section. So I call ramble a bit here but hope to meander to a point.
Nevertheless, the question stands can it be achieved? A multirole warship, as the Type 82 was intended to be or more role specific as the Type 42 was.
Points to consider firstly. In no particular order.
1. the Type 42 with helicopter and 4.5" gun possesses quite a bit of multirole capability. Type 82's claim to this is really centred on its datalinks, combat system and Type 988 3D radar, sonar, Ikara being just the 'teeth' of the capability.
2. Type 82 lacking helicopter facilities lacked that flexibility. True a helicopter could land on it, but had to fly to a hanger equipped ship for maintenence and my understanding is that the helicopter was stored on a ship with a hanger, in effect not much more than a 'visitor' to the Type 82.
3. removing the 4.5" gun and helicopter facilities would certainly open up scope to either further reduce the size/cost of the Type 42 or design the ship to be less 'densely packed'.
4. the Type 42 was so densely packed that when it came to upgrading Sea Dart and the Type 42, the ship was quickly dropped and a new design sought. Type 43 and later Type 44 (reusing the Type 22 hull/propulsion design). This in turn, thanks to the likely parsimony of the Sea Dart II option being considered, was undermined and the whole issue even after the Falklands ended up being sucked into NFR-90, NAAWS, FAAMS, FUN, FUNGI and 'Horizon'.
5. In the light of the rising costs of the Type 82 design, 'cheap' ships were sought, and this (which ended up being the Type 19 prior to the basis of the future fleet being changed) was subject to lots of studies and lots of compromises.
Consider the desire for Sea Mauler, a far more capable system and Sea Cat, but the US dropping the Mauler program left the UK with the nearterm option of Sea Cat and a longterm effort to develop their own weapon. Ultimately Sea Wolf, but this proved to exert notable costs on the warship in terms of the space and weight to cope with the computers and sensors.
So in this light.....
conceptually one can see that various components raised the costs of multirole and left the idea of a large force of multirole warships floundering.
But in truth the very concept of multirole was more open and fluid than the one represented by the Type 82.
Yet in turn it is possible to design and build a multirole warship and the costs of production and standardisation drive down the costs such that the warship can be bought in larger numbers.
Strictly speaking for a given limit on personnel numbers, ships which are multirole are more efficient crew-wise, since the addition of extra crew for a system is less than the crew required for a separate new ship. If a multirole ship needs 400 crew, and a more role specific ship needs say 250, then the achievement of covering all roles assuming it takes two such ships demands a total personnel force of 500. Thus the multirole ship actually 'saves' 100 personnel.
Factoring up to a force of 10 multirole ships, you'd need 20 specific role ships and the difference between 4000 and 5000 is enough to crew another 2 multirole ships and still have 200 personnel left over.
I keep the figures the same because this avoids the 'scale of production' isssues, where ordering more of something brings down the purchase and operational costs, enabling more to be bought and used.
But this again masques the deeper matter, that for a given peacetime operation, one might not ever need a specific system and it's associated staff.
In fact for a lot of operations, in peacetime most of the wartime systems are utterly superfluous and a waste of space, crew and ultimately money.
SO what was needed?
Clearly a cheaper 3D radar if that is deemed necessary. Type 988 was a wasted effort, and ultimately only two sets of the Dutch system ever went to sea.
A common medium range SAM that is as common as possible between services, as this brings down the costs to each service. Sea Dart did not deliver this, either across UK forces or across other allies navies (as the tripartite effort over what led to Sea Wolf shows).
And that takes us to the short range SAM, again commonality and scale of production was lacking.
A common gun for the same reasons.
By sticking with the 4.5" gun, the RN excluded itself from the USN, MN, and the UK Army from compatibility or use of something being ordered in bulk by others.
So to fix this....?
Either Sea Dart should have been ordered to replace Bloodhound, or some other weapon that could be used across services developed.
Either Mauler or PT.428 developed and neither Rapier or Sea Wolf pursued.
Either a 105mm gun, a 5" or a 6" gun pursued. Ideally being a common development at least in ammunition terms with the Army, or in total system terms with other navies.
And the what seems the correct choice was to focus on helicopters for ASW rather than Ikara, but this should have happend earlier.
In propulsion terms the use of COSAG was really too cautious a step on the Type 82 (especially considering both the success of the County's and the fact the reuse of this plant was dropped), and going 'all GT'.
While such a ship might be termed a Type 82, it would share little with HMS Bristol as she became.
Interesting stuff.
The RN's dilemma is shared by the US Navy, despite its greater resources.
The Spruance class was originally intended to be two classes, one of air defence and one of ASW ships. The Type 82 tried to pack both capabilities on a smaller hull.
The Type 42 is similar to the Perry class as a lower cost air defence ship alongside the AEGIS Spruance variant.
Apart from the RN and USN other Western navies can only deploy 2 to 4 air defence ships.
The US Navy does not develop a system as effective as Seawolf and Seadart compares reasonably with Tartar Standard..
Belknap class of the USN is approximately the same era, not Ticonderoga which is very much a 70s origin.
IF.....PT428 system had been chosen instead of Sea Dart potential commonality between 'light' and 'heavy' SAM systems would save lot. Scale of system production would drive down cost and expand ability to afford more.
IF.....Sea Dart was more of a success in exports. .....and in cooperation with the Dutch. Then Type 988 continues.
Really do need a lighter launcher and cheaper too for that.
IF.....105mm developed from Vickers 4"...for example. Or just buy French 100mm.
IF....Spey or Medway marine power plants developed earlier. ...
That said always struck me as odd not to look at Avon....
Of course had Sea Wolf been say Option C instead, keeping the French onboard. ...Potentially development of this for longer ranges (medium ranges) is more favourable than Sea Dart's development for successor AAW vessels.
Pirate Pete
ACCESS: Secret
uk 75 said:
'Part' quote.....
I know it's out-of-timeline for this discussion generally, but regarding your comment about the USN & the RN deploying air defence ships.
From Sky News 30th July....
The entire fleet of the Royal Navy's most advanced warships are currently in port and not on operations, the Ministry of Defence has confirmed.
A photograph showing the vessels docked in Portsmouth was published by the website UK Defence Journal.
A source told Sky News that the ships had either "just got back from operations, are about to go on operations, or are having planned maintenance done".
But another senior figure said it was "almost unprecedented" that all the ships should be in port and "it either showed a gross lack of planning or was indicative of something more serious".
The article goes on to quote from Official and 'non-official sources.....
Does make a mockery of the amount of money spent on these ships!!
Enjoy your thoughts. I had meant the Perry and Tico as comparisons with the Type 42 rather than
Type 82. The USN ships are always out of sync with the RN equivalents:
County Adams and Coontz Class
Type 82 Belknap Leahy
Type 42 Spruance (then Tico) Perry
The British missiles always seem to be better missiles than the US versions, but have more footprint
and heavier launchers.
Seaslug 1 seems to have compared okayish with early Terrier
Seadart is better than Tartar but perhaps not as good as later Standard
Ikara is better than ASROC but takes up too much room
PT428 and Mauler who knows
Seawolf is better than BPDMS but has more footprint
uk75.
Certainly it's not a simple business to compare the USN and RN. Though in the context of multirole, the presence of the Arleigh Burkes proves multirole is both possible and affordable, maybe, just maybe now the AB's success is actually a problem for the USN. But we can only dream of such a problem for the RN.
Well If we're moving forward to the 1970's and 80's the comparison is a little harder.
We do have the concept of the Type 43 to compare with the Ticonderoga Cruisers....not quite comparable though unless we're talking of the Aegis system fitted to the Type 43.
Going the other way in the argument one can see that it is possible to build more role specific ships than the Type 42, and if the process that lead to the Type 82 had been constrained to just a 'CF.299 Frigate', something not a million miles away from the Type 42 could have been the result.
Strictly the application of 4.5" gun for a AAW ship tasked with defending the carrier is questionable. A 3" would be more appropriate in the anti-aircraft role and if the anti-ship function is handed to missiles...again had a single 3" 70 gun been developed, it would be applicable to a lot more platforms down to Corvettes/Sloops.
Going further off base, but in a related way, developing Thunderbird and Bloodhound as well as Sea Slug was wasteful and kept Service's seperate. Not a good outcome and part of the problem with Sea Dart is the unwillingness to throw away the Bloodhound system.
Buying more Slugs for landbased use as well as the RN considering the timeframe that was possible, would alleviate part of this and the scales of production would accrue benefits. Plues tie the two Services needs together.
Developing the ramjet missile concept of CF.299 (Sea Dart) to a slightly larger and longer ranged weapon would aid it being Bloodhounds replacement.
Conceptually....
Gunboat/Patrol = 105mm L60, PT.428?
Sloop = 105mm L60, PT.428, CAST, ADAWS?, Match (Wasp, later Lynx).
Frigate = 105mm L60, PT.428, CAST, ADAWS, Sea King, Ikara & Womba (anti-ship Ikara derivative).
Destroyer = 105mm L60, PT.428-L (long range with booster), ADAWS, 3D radar, Sea king
Cruiser = multiple 105mm L60, Sea Dart-type Long range SAM, CAST, ADAWS, 3D radar, Ikara & Womba, Sea Kings (6?).
CV = PT.428 and PT.428-L, 3D radar(s), ADAWS, Sea kings.
Provides a near uniform set of systems.
Factor in the Army using PT.428 and possibly the longer range version as well...plus the potential for exports/cooperation.
Factor in the Army possibly using this 105mm L60 for a SPG (in the 60's remember not now), as well as possible cooperation with the French in this, and maybe the Dutch...
Strictly speaking the 3" is better for anti-aircraft and FAC, and the 6" is better for anti-ship and striking land targets.
RLBH
The Type 82 actually compares directly with the USN's FY66/FY67 DDGs, which were about the same size, with Tartar, ASROC, and two 5" guns - FY66 was a steam ship, FY67 was all GT. All three are similar size and (lacking a helicopter) capability, apart from the better gun armament on the American ships and the notional advantages of Ikara over ASROC. That's suggestive to me that for the desired level of capability, that's roughly the size and cost of ship you're looking at.
Some of my thoughts on what could have been done, much of it in a similar vein to zen's ideas and concepts.
http://www.shipbucket.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=14&t=6879
JohnR
IMHO the T82 is more comparable to the Farragut/Coontz class DLG, in terms of both size and armament.
As for your excellent drawing's Hood, I would have thought that the helicopter arrangements would have been reversed, having the Sea Kings on the ASW ships and Wasp/Lynx on the AAW variant, although I would size the hangar to be able to take one Sea King, so it could be used in much the same way as the T45 has been with either a single Merlin or a single or a duo of Lynx.
The Aussies had an effective destroyer based on the US Adams class with IKARA insted of ASROC and which served right up to the end of the Cold War.
8 ships like this for the RN instead of the Countys and then Perry class instead of the Type 42 could have allowed Britain to focus on getting the Type 22 frigate into service as a key programme unmatched elsewhere.
This is the a key difference between RN and USN ships. Sea Dart is a much bigger system than Tartar (aka Standard SM-1MR and SM-2MR). It also has a lot better range and a ship so equipped is more resilient to battle damage. The RN also tends to design ships that are more habitable and seaworthy requiring more displacement to go into 'unseen' capability that doesn't go "pew, pew".
An interesting 'what if' that demonstrates this is the Australian request for a customised County class. This ship was to have the Mk 13 GMLS with 40 Tartars and two fire control channels, three (!) Wessex helicopters, two 4.5" twin gun Mk 8 mounts (one of which could be replaced with the Ikara system with 24 missiles when it was ready), two Seacats, hull and towed sonars, ADAWS with LINK 11, hull stabilisers and all steam propulsion (28 knots max while deep n dirty in tropical waters and 5000 NM at 18 knots) (Friedman, Brit DD m FF, pp195).
While no sketch has surfaced I would expect such a design would have the guns fore and aft (A and Y positions). The RAN made a big deal about having this configuration in all gunboats after Korean War experience 'Up the Yalu' (actually the Han River but it sounds so much better a bit further north) until it was an issue of any boat or no boat (mid 1970s). Also it would make sense to locate the Mk 13 forward in B position with the flight deck aft in X position (as it is in the RN County) so as deconflict the whirly things with the wooshy things.
First two were to be built in the UK but DNC didn't have the design staff to meet the effort required. A shame they didn't try and work a PPP arrangement with Vickers or Yarrow to complete the design. Would have been better for everyone in Oz and Pommieland if these ships plus two local builds had gone ahead. The sight of one of these with a brace or two (ie x4) of RAN Huey gunships on the SEA DRAGON gunline would have been something special.
JFC Fuller
I forget where I had this discussion but basically a Type 42, if made slightly larger (far from ridiculous as the design seems to have been larger for at least a period prior to construction) it actually compares well to an OHP or a Tromp in terms weapons load out and hull size.
Yes, within the constraints of the systems chosen, a slightly larger Type 42 would resolve a number of issues and the fact the later ones were slightly larger rather proves the point.
Though it would have helped had they been slightly larger yet still and from the first batch.
Type 82 looks more like the problem, not the solution, the alternative of larger ships...cruisers seemed a strong one. Especially once factoring in the decreasing number of Type 82 affordable.
Volkodav
I really should change my personal text
Abraham Gubler said:
Very interesting on the disposition of guns and why, does that mean that the proposed Daring Tartar conversion for the RAN would have had the Mk-13/22 in B position instead of X?
JFC Fuller said:
The RAN DDL options paper looked at a Type 42 fitted with American systems and basically said it was similar in capability to the Tromp but because of the extra design cost involved in converting the T42 would not save any money from building a greenfield design (DDL Ev4*).
Volkodav said:
The Daring has far less stability margins and beam than the County class so I doubt they would want to mount the Mk 13/22 in a high position like B Mount. Also being a much tighter design modification wouldn't have the kind of space and weight margins available like a County class to have double ended guns. They would probably have to go to a single gun mount in a DDG Daring to make more space and weight availble for the combat management system and radars needed to support Tartar.
I don't know if it was part of the RAN upgrade studies but the RN did look at rebuilding their Darings with flush decks like in the Type 15 conversions as part of one of their upgrade plans. Such a modification would enable the Mk 13 to be fitted aft and still allow access fore and aft past it (under the new weather deck). And it would look much cooler!
Seek out and close with the enemy
So more like the Soviet system and mentality, where they would have a given weapon say a SAM systems - developed for use by army and navy alike! Makes sense to me!!
RN operating USN Super Carrier and nuclear powered escorts
Started by Volkodav
AngloDutch Naval Cooperation for NATO
Started by uk 75
SIGS Alternative
Started by zen
RN Escorts 1965 to 1975: Options?
Alternative RN from 1983


my baby's bellybutton is coming out and i am scared that it wont go back in.
my 7 week baby girl belly button is coming out is that bad and also how is going to go back in ????
there is nothing wrong with that... it just means an "outy" belly button! both my kids hv them!!
Have you been to the doctor? My daughter's did that and it was herniated. It's nothing to worry about though, it's not going to hurt her. My pediatrician said if it didn't go away on it's own by the time she's two that they'd do surgery on it. Her's went down completely by itself by the time she was about 13 months old.
Do you notice that it pops our more when crying? My 2 month old daughter has the same problem. Her pediatrician advised that this is "Umbilical Hernia". It should go away on its own. In rare occasions surgery may be necessary.


text:
Monticello Conte Otto – miejscowość i gmina we Włoszech, w regionie Wenecja Euganejska, w prowincji Vicenza.

Według danych na rok 2004 gminę zamieszkiwało 8636 osób, 863,6 os./km².

Bibliografia
 Źródło danych: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica

Miejscowości w prowincji Vicenza


text:
Optical properties of long-range transported volcanic ash over Romania and Poland during Eyjafjallajökull eruption in 2010
Nemuc A., Stachlewska I.S., Vasilescu J., Górska A., Nicolae D., Talianu C.
Acta Geophysica
62 (2), 2014, 350-366, 10.2478/s11600-013-0180-7
After Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption on 14 April 2010, due to a complex air mass circulation, Romania was exposed to volcanic ash and its mixture with continental aerosols. Ash particles with an average Ångström (UV-VIS) exponent of 1.4 ± 0.2 and (VIS-IR) of 1.2 ± 0.3, a color ratio (VIS-UV) of 0.54 and (IR-VIS) of 0.49, an average particle depolarization value ∼9.4%, and a lidar ratio of 50 sr were retrieved on 18 April from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements in Bucharest. Mixed volcanic ash with mineral dust particles advected from Sahara, depolarization ∼12%, Ångström (UV-VIS) exponent of 1.25 ± 0.25 and (VIS-IR) of 1.45 ± 0.25, an increased color ratio (VIS-UV) of 0.61, (IRVIS) of 0.39 and lidar ratio of 53 sr were identified on 28 April. From observations in Poland conducted by an elastic lidar at 532 nm and a ceilometer at 1064 nm we retrieved an average backscatter related Ångström (VIS-IR) exponent of 1.25 ± 0.35, and a color ratio (IR-VIS) of 0.53 in the layer at about 5.5 km during the night of 16/17 April, indicating fresh ash over Warsaw.


The jewel in the BIG4 Karuah Jetty crown!
Swim, fish or tie up to our 250 metre long private jetty. Dangle your legs over the edge and take in the stunning view across the bay or paddle up in your watercraft and enjoy the peaceful surrounds.
Fishing is easy, just drop a line over the edge. For your convenience, there are two 24 hour bait machines in the park. You can even borrow a fishing rod or hand reel from Reception for a $20 refundable deposit.
Boats can be launched the nearby town boat ramp which has two floating pontoons at Memorial Park, just a few minutes drive from the park.
Our jetty also has boat moorings available - please contact us on 02 4997 5520 for bookings.
Once you've caught your catch, cook it up in one of our BBQ areas or the Camp Kitchen.


W hile fishing might be your favorite pastime as you get to relax, all while inhaling fresh, clean air, admiring the beauty of nature, and even getting the chance to cook healthy food you worked on procuring yourself, it is undeniable that there are some downsides to this activity. Obviously, the major downside is having to wait for hours to catch a fish, or ending up finishing your fishing expedition without a single catch. To exponentially increase your chances of actually returning home with a full bag of fish, you need the help of a convenient portable fish spotter that finds groups of fish for you. Next, we will show you what are the fish finding devices you can confidently rely on, so stick with us if you are interested in making this purchase.
Weight 3.5 Oz. 8.1 Oz. 0.3 Oz. 5.47 Oz. 17.6 Oz.
If you want to step up your angling game, this is the best castable device you can rely on. Its generous casting range and scanning depth, alongside the numerous features make it a must-have for the modern angler. It even features an inbuilt GPS that makes mapping and other actions possible, while the Wi-Fi access point grants connectivity between the fishing device and your smartphone or tablet. Sure, it might be a tad expensive, but seeing how it comes with all of the modern features you could ever ask for, it's a price worth paying.
As it can scan down to over 260 feet, deeper than what most wireless models are capable of providing, you are sure to increase in fish catching proficiency. What makes it so effective at scanning is the powerful dual-beam transducer it comes with which sends up to 15 scans per second to ensure an updated overview of the situation underwater. There's the target separation feature that helps as well, the 0.5-inch separation provided ensuring that even the smallest catch won't escape you.
Bathymetric maps are maps that you can access offline and that make underwater exploration a cinch as, through gradually shaded color changes, they help identify depth transitions. With this device, all offline maps can be archived so that you may later access them whenever needed in order to improve your efficiency as you try to locate good angling points. They also help you create your own maps and make countless layers of unlimited information.
Puts 4 modes at your disposal – Standard, Ice Fishing, Onshore GPS, and Boat.
There are 3 different display color options that you can choose between.
Helps you plan your trips beforehand as it features 3 useful functions – Maps, Weather Forecast, and Solunar Calendar.
Can be used for fresh, as well as salt water angling.
Features an internal Wi-Fi access point that you can connect to your smart device.
One of the most appealing traits of this smart sonar is the fact that it helps you catch fish professionally all year long, regardless of the season. Due to the fact that it can be used to mark fish, find structures, and that it provides a great range and scanning depth, it makes for the perfect companion when you go shore angling. It's equally great for kayak fishing as it maps and marks targets easily, and it is easy to attach it to the kayak with the help of a flexible arm. What recommends it for boat angling is the fact that it can be cast out to scan areas that are normally hard to reach, all without disturbing the targets. Lastly, it can be used even for ice fishing, its 0.5-inch target separation and the zooming function enabling it to track lure that is incredibly small in size.
Small, light, and easy to use, the PRO+ is the ideal angling companion out there, even helping you find prey with ease when you go ice fishing. A modern device that is feature-rich, we recommend it strongly to anyone looking to make their angling trips go smoother and never again return empty handed at home.
Garmin really surprised everyone with the manufacturing of the Striker 4, a device that comes in handy regardless of your angling destination, whether it involves fresh or salty water. What makes it one of the more convenient apparitions on this market is the fact that it comes in 3 different variations depending on the size of the HVGA color display – a 3.5-inch model, a 5-inch model, and a 7-inch model.
Another mention-worthy highlight is the fact that it is IPX7 rated for its resistance against water, so any accidental slip in the water would not be the end for this smart gadget. The maximum depth it can provide readings for in freshwater is 1600 feet, while in saltwater it's 750 feet. Furthermore, you can switch between feet and meters, depending on the unit you are best accustomed to.
The AutoGain technology ensures it is one of the more intuitive devices to work with, this feature reducing clutter on the screen while maximizing the targets which interest you. Additionally, to aid you even further when trying to locate specific fish, it puts the Fish Symbol ID tech at your disposal which helps with fish identification.
As this is our second pick, it is obvious that it is a feature-rich device. Some of its biggest highlights include the Fish Symbol ID which helps with species recognition, the tilt/swivel mount, the convenient split-screen zoom, and the AutoGain technology which helps maximize targets and reduce clutter on the screen.
Capable of providing readings for a maximum depth of 120 feet underwater, the Venterior is one of your best picks in terms of fishing buddies. The 10-level adjustable sensitivity makes it one of the most versatile and complex devices in this niche. Unfortunately, there is a prominent downside to this product, more precisely the fact that it is not water resistant at all. Thus, you have to be careful and not splash it.
It provides you with a convenient and useful water temperature log and graph which help more easily determine what your chances are of catching fish. The bottom contour feature allows you to see not only where the bottom of the aquatic body is, but what its shape is so that no incidents occur. The display fish icon feature helps you more easily identify where your targets are for your angling trips to be more fruitful.
The display contrast can be adjusted to your liking ranging from 10 to 100 percent so that you will have an easy time reading off the display. It is compatible with use in freshwater as well as saltwater, so you are not limited when it comes to the type of environment it can be used in. Furthermore, it is backed by a 1-year warranty for defects in parts and labor.
A complex device that, despite the plethora of features which accompany it, remains a user-friendly option to go for, it comes as no surprise that it ranked so high in our top. The affordable asking price does not hurt either, making it one of the more accessible selections on the market right now.
If you want to not only feel lucky but actually catch fish every time you go on an angling trip from now on, this Lucky gadget is the right one for you. Reasonably priced, easy to use, and accurate in regards to the readings it provides, it is a highly desirable addition in the collection of any ambitious angler. It features a Dot Matrix FSTN LCD display which measures 1.61 inches by 1.89 inches and is easy to read off.
Due to the fact that it is IPX4 waterproof rated, you can breathe easy if splashes of water land on it as it won't be damaged by them. It boasts a 5-level adjustable sensitivity which enhances its versatility in use and allows you to customize more aspects than usual when it comes to its operation. It features a handy battery indicator which lets you know how much juice you have left until the device's batteries need to be recharged.
The live-update water bottom contour keeps you up to date with the way the bottom of the water body looks to prevent any unwanted incidents. Furthermore, the anti-clutter system feature makes it all the more interesting as it ensures the display won't be filled with unimportant details which will make it harder for you to spot what really interests you – fish.
Although it lacks a few features which pricier entries are accompanied by, the impressive 394-foot wireless operating range, 90-degree beam angle, battery indicator, display fish icon feature, and the rest of the long list of features and functions it boasts make it a definite must-have!
Last, we have the VT-FF001, which not only comes at an incredibly low price which makes it a real bargain, one you would be a fool to skip on, but that features enough functions to make your angling trip a fruitful one. We start off by emphasizing its most important highlight, the fish alarm. What it basically does is alert you when you encounter fish so that you don't miss your target ever.
It features the useful Anti-UV coating which ensures it will be a long-lasting investment, so even if it is cheap, it does not mean that it is constructed in a cheap manner. The battery save mode is another mention worthy feature as it ensures battery juice won't be spent uselessly, reducing chances for you to end up without being able to use the device when you most need it during the angling trip.
The maximum depth for which it can provide readings is 328 feet, and you can customize the unit in which it displays the current depth it is providing readings for, having your pick between feet and meters. Unfortunately, there are a few downsides to this product, the most prominent being the lack of water resistance and the lack of GPS technology.
If you value making smart investment, than this is the right acquisition for you. Sure, it might not provide with a complete list of features and functions, but it does provide with a trustworthy operation and more than enough features to ensure your trip when fishing will be fruitful. Furthermore, it comes at an incredibly cheap price you cannot say no to.
As it provides a high-definition fishing experience, the 1C makes for a great companion to experienced anglers looking to learn the best fishing spots. The full-color display it features ensures clarity, and it provides 3 operating modes to pick between depending on your specific needs – Fish Finder, Data, and Ice-Mode DigitalFlasher. The first mode identifies fish in the water, the second one enlarges depth and temperature, while the last one gives real-time sonar echoes to target suspended fish.
You can fine-tune the device to adapt it to your personal style. As there are a total of 100 sensitivity levels to pick from, customization is at its fullest. The audible fish and depth alarms come in handy as you are alerted to when you need to check it, giving you the possibility to continue fishing without keeping a constant eye on the device. The intelligent sonar it features is able to read up to 240 feet in depth at a 1/10 accuracy.
There are two operating frequencies you enjoy with it, more precisely 200 kHz and 83 kHz so that you can fine tune the readings depending whether you are fishing in shallow or deep water. You can either mount it to your boat or carry it in your hand. Other great features you enjoy with it include auto-zoom bottom tracking and multi-level depth ranges.
Perfect for experienced who want to know what the best spots for fishing are, the compact HawkEye is an affordable device you should be receptive to purchasing.
Although using a portable fish finder can make your life a whole lot easier, especially if your goal is to bring home as much catch as possible after your expedition, this does not mean that a fish spotting device is the most intuitive to use product out there. As a matter of fact, most first-time users tend to have a hard time figuring out what is displayed on the screen and what settings they must choose. If you are a first-time user yourself, check out this section of our article to get some much-needed insight regarding the tracker's operation.
Read the manual: Fish finding devices differ from each other in terms of design and settings, so regardless of what model you choose, you must carefully analyze the explanations provided in the user manual. Your main interest points should be the explanations of functions and how to proceed with changing and adapting its settings to your needs.
Get acquainted with the display: There is some basic information displayed on all fish finder screens, and we recommend you first get acquainted with this info before diving into operational procedures any deeper. These basic pieces of information usually include measuring depth, current temperature, and boat speed, and your target is to get accustomed to their location on the display.
Learn to read the info correctly: When you are using the down imaging mode or sonar, always read the info on the display from right to left. If you are using the side imaging mode, then you must read the information provided on the display from top to bottom.
How to proceed when pursuing small fish: In case you are trying to target small fish like perch or bunker, then you should look for small blobs or patches on the screen. If you are using the side imaging mode, these small fish will appear in the form of small dots.
How to proceed when pursuing large fish: Larger fish like salmon and catfish appear as large dots in case you are using side imaging, or arched shapes if you are using the sonar mode.
Identifying the terrain type: On the display, along its bottom, you will notice a thick line. This line indicates the bottom of the water body you are in at that moment. In case images are displayed below the line, it means that you are above sand or mud, and if nothing appears beneath it, it means that you are above a hard, rocky surface.
Zooming in on target areas: It is important to make it a habit out of zooming in on target areas when you are fishing as you get an in-depth look at the water body section that interests you.
Adjusting the display color to maximize your reading abilities: If you have trouble reading info off of the display, then you should try changing the background color to either black, white, or a certain color option which is put at your disposal.
Although modern electronics are quite impressive, to say the least, this does not mean that they are free of flaws. When it comes to portable angling spotters, just like all other modern techs, they can succumb to functional issues. When these issues arise, it is your duty to fix the situation. We will immediately list some troubleshooting tips for different malfunction situations, so read carefully to know how to remedy an unwanted situation when it comes up.
Fix #1 – Perform an electrical system check.
Fix #2 – Verify if it powers up.
Fix #3 – Check for another device to not operate in close proximity to yours.
Fix #4 – Perform an interference test.
Fix #1 – Perform a basic electrical system check.
Fix #2 – Perform some basic interference tests.
Fix #3 – Perform a basic cavitation check.
Fix #2 – Inspect the pins and connectors for any type of damage.
Fix #3 – Check the circuit connections.
Fix #1 – Check the position of the transducer.
Fix #2 – Inspect the device for water damage.
Fix #3 – Inspect the pins and connectors for corrosion signs.
Fix #4 – Perform a basic cavitation check.
Fix #5 – Verify if the limits are properly set.
Fix #2 – Make sure there is no other device in close proximity.
Fix #3 – Inspect the pins and connectors for corrosion.
Fix #4 – Perform a basic interference check.
Fix #1] – Check the position of the transducer.
Fix #3 – Make sure there is no other device in close proximity.
There are three basic sonar technologies found in portable fish spotters, more precisely the fixed frequency sonar technology, the StructureScan sonar technology, and the CHIRP sonar technology. Each of them has different traits and elements that make it a more or less desirable option for anglers, and we recommend you first learn more about each tech before jumping to make a rushed purchase.
As the wave emitted by the sonar strikes an object, it rebounds, this being the action through which the transducer is able to provide you with a mapping of what lays underwater. With fixed frequency sonars, the common frequencies used are 50 kHz and 200 kHz.
StuncureScan implementations incorporate sonar image down-scanning and picture-like views of the water underneath and around the boat. Their precise display of depth and distance-related information take all of the guesswork out of using the sonar. Also, they provide imagines that do not actually require any interpretation.
Endorses quick selection and identification of the target area.
CHIRP stands for Compressed High-Intensity Radar Pulse, and it is characterized through its transmission of long pulses across wide frequency bands. Although CHIRP used to be an expensive technology to use in devices, it is now more accessible, being widely used for recreational purposes as a result of this accessibility.
?Why does its waterproof rating matter?
Even though you consider yourself as being careful, you never know when a wave sends off water into your fishing boat. As this happens and the water lands on the fish finding device, it will ultimately be damaged if it is not water resistant or waterproof. Obviously, it is preferable for it to have a high waterproof rating in order to ensure that it will suffer no damage in the off-chance that water lands on it or you accidentally drop it in the aquatic environment.
?Can it be used by kayak fishermen?
Yes, all portable fish trackers are suited for use on kayaks precisely due to their portable element. Kayak fishermen actually prefer these models as they can easily mount the fish tracking devices at the beginning of the fishing session, and take them out when it is done. Also, the compact size of portable finders makes them ideal in this environment as they occupy little space in this otherwise finite space place.
?Can it be used for ice fishing?
While all portable fish spotters can be used for shallow and deep water fishing, regardless of their design and specs, when it comes to ice fishing matters are not as simple. Due to the harsh environmental conditions that play out during an ice fishing session, you need to invest in a fish finder that can withstand the extreme cold temperatures.
Finding fish has never been made easier than with the use of the Deeper PRO+, a device that was an obvious choice for our number one spot as it features WiFi powered connectivity, being compatible with Android and iOS smart devices. This makes it highly convenient and intuitive to use, modernizing the art of angling and providing you with the chance of accurately and easily finding groups of fish in the body of water you are in. Another element that convinced us to rank it so high is its plethora of features, its 330-foot wireless operating range, and the 260-foot maximum depth.
A model that really caught our eye, so we ultimately ranked it high as a result of its overall performance is the Garmin Striker 4. It is rated IPX7, so direct contact with water won't affect it at all, and it comes with a multitude of features, the one that impressed us the most definitely being the AutoGain technology that minimizes the clutter on-screen and maximizes the targets, making it easier for you to pinpoint where the fish are. Another entry we view as mention-worthy in the conclusion of this article is the Venterior VT-FF001 that features a 5-level adjustable sensitivity and boasts a maximum depth rating of 328 feet, all while managing to remain budget-friendly.


Photography: Black & White, Medium Format, Digital on Paper.
Under the awning of the Candy Factory looking onto Maint St. Lexington, NC. An unusual black and white wide format photograph from medium format digital.


You visited the company's web page AAT Kings Tours Pty Ltd. The company is located in the siti Melbourne. The legal address of our company is 476 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3000. For more information, please call 476 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3000.