text:
Wrongful Improvers as a Guiding Principle for Application of the FTC's IP Deletion Requirement
By Emma Elder | 97 Wash. L. Rev. 1009 (2022)December 1, 2022January 17th, 2023No Comments
Abstract: The 2021 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) investigation into cloud storage app developer Everalbum resulted in a consent decree that required Everalbum to delete not only unlawfully collected data, but also algorithms created using that data. The FTC had imposed this kind of penalty only once before. Questions remain about how the FTC will apply this so-called intellectual property (IP) deletion requirement in the future. This Comment argues that situations where companies develop intellectual property from misappropriated consumer data are analogous to cases where courts seek to apply the property law rule of the wrongful improver, i.e., where one party knowingly improves another's property. The rule requires that courts grant title to the owner of the original property regardless of how much the value of the property has increased. Applying the wrongful improver rule can guide the FTC's future application of the IP deletion requirement in two ways. First, application of the rule suggests that the IP deletion requirement should apply regardless of what type of data (biometric or non-biometric) has been misappropriated. Second, the rule indicates that a company must forfeit not only rights to their particular copy of their IP, but also all the IP rights that attach to it. Application of this rule will thereby strengthen the FTC's power to punish offenders and more significantly deter companies from unlawfully collecting consumer data.
Other Articles from WLR Print Edition
December 1, 2022 in PRINT EDITION
A Call to Abolish Determinate-Plus Sentencing in Washington
Abstract: For certain incarcerated individuals who commit sex offenses, Washington State's determinate-plus sentencing structure requires a showing of rehabilitation before release. This highly subjective "releasability" determination occurs after an individual…
When Uncle Sam Spills: A State Regulator's Guide to Enforcement Actions Against the Federal Government Under the Clean Water Act
Abstract: The U.S. government is one of the largest polluters on the planet. With over 700 domestic military bases and countless more federal facilities and vessels operating within state borders,…
Sex Trait Discrimination: Intersex People and Title VII After Bostock v. Clayton County
Abstract: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from workplace discrimination and harassment on account of sex. Courts have historically failed to extend Title VII protections…
Expanding Judicial Discretion to Grant Compassionate Release During COVID-19
Deborah Wang | 97 Wash. L. Rev. 1283 (2022)December 1, 2022
Rachel Stenberg | 97 Wash. L. Rev. 1219 (2022)December 1, 2022
Ian M. Staeheli | 97 Wash. L. Rev. 1183 (2022)December 1, 2022


text:
La Comisión de Industria de la Sal fue una organización creada en 758, durante el ocaso de dinastía Tang en China para recaudar impuestos por el monopolio estatal del comercio de sal. La Comisión vendía la sal a mercaderes privados por un precio bajo, pero que incluía un impuesto acumulativo que pasaba a los consumidores. Este mecanismo básico de impuesto indirecto recaudado por los mercaderes privados supervisados por funcionarios se mantuvo hasta mediados del siglo XX. El impuesto de la sal permitió que un gobierno débil pudiera sostenerse, dado que solo necesitaba controlar las pocas regiones productoras de sal para generar ingresos. El fin del monopolio gubernamental de la sal en China fue anunciado en 2014, siendo efectivo desde 2016.

Historia
Tras la rebelión de An Lushan (756-763) los ingresos gubernamentales derivados del impuesto sobre la tierra empezaron a decaer. El sistema equitativo de tierra en el que se basaba el impuesto había sido socavado por la aristocracia y los monasterios budistas al adquerir grandes extensiones de tierra y disminuir la que era gravable. Para requilibrar las cuentas públicas, se creó un nuevo impuesto sobre la sal. En 758, canciller Liu Yan creó una Comisión para la Sal y el Hierro. Liu había cementado su carrera al usar otros impuestos como la corvea para financiar el dragado del canal que conecta los ríos  Huai y Amarillo; este proyecto había bajado los costes del transporte y aliviado el mercado de alimentos además de hacer crecer los ingresos fiscales con poca inversión. El río Huai recorre el norte de Jiangsu, la ubicación de varias marismas salinas que eran usadas como fuente de sal. Liu se dio cuenta de que si el gobierno podía controlar estas áreas, podía vender la sal en monopolio a los mercaderes que pasarían la diferencia de precio a sus clientes. Este impuesto era un gravamen indirecto recogido por adelantado sin tener que controlar las áreas donde la sal era consumida. La comisión se formó para supervisar el esquema al mando de un comisario de la sal (yantie shi), un especialista financiero de forma excepcional en la administración Tang que no usaba especialistas.

Efectos
La sal era vendida solo en oficinas regionales por productores autorizados y solo a mercaderes autorizados con un margen para el estado. La distribución por los mercaderes aseguraba que la política penetraba en áreas donde el gobierno central tenía poco control. Los mercaderes entonces pasaban el coste de la sal a los consumidores. Los campesinos eran los más afectados al gastar un porcentaje elevado de sus ingresos en bienes alimentarios básicos. Para 779, el impuestos de la sal suponía más de la mitad de los ingresos del gobierno.

Véase también
 Economía de China
 Historia económica de China (Pre-1911)
 Historia económica de China (1912–1949)

Referencias

Historia económica de China
Sales condimento

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics
Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics
The ANU Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics is founded to build a world-leading role for Australia in the science and technology of gravitational wave sources.
The Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics research program is broadly divided into four research streams.
Find out what's happening at the Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics.
» Research
Active fields of research at CGA span instrumentation, theory, data analysis, source follow-up and multi-messenger astronomy. The centre operates world-class facilities and collaborates with observatories and gravitational wave detectors that have a long history of research and technical activity at the forefront of astronomy and astrophysics.
Research themes »
The Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics research program is broadly divided into five research streams, each with different projects.
Facilities »
Our centre operates world-class facilities and collaborates with observatories and gravitational wave detectors that have a long history of research and technical activity at the forefront of astronomy and astrophysics.
A large proportion of the research in the centre is directed towards gravitational wave detection, the related area of high precision measurement, and the exploitation of gravitational waves for astronomy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 3
Dates: March 10, 2023 - March 11, 2023
Recurrence: Recurring daily
Venue: North Carolina Symphony
Location: Downtown Raleigh
Address: 2 E. South St., Raleigh, NC 27601
Guest pianist Zee Zee performs Rachmaninoff's masterpiece, the third piano concerto. Plus, audience favorite Grieg's Peer Gynt Suite featuring "In the Hall of the Mountain King" and "Morning Mood."
Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3
Grieg: Incidental Music from Peer Gynt
North Carolina Symphony
Rune Bergmann, conductor
Zee Zee, piano


text:
[BLOG] CAR GIFT CONTRACT (draft version)
We have very good news! You have just won a CAR!!!* The CAR* will be made available to you completely FREE of charge for the next two weeks, after which the General Terms and Conditions will come into effect. You are free to use the CAR* either on routes we recognise, or on routes that do not conflict with the provisions of current or later versions of the General Terms and Conditions. We REALLY want you to enjoy the freedom of DRIVING WITH US! ™ Unfortunately, many people abuse the freedom of DRIVING WITH US!™, so we are forced to reserve the right to terminate the CAR GIFT CONTRACT of those who would abuse it. This is for your benefit.** By signing the CAR GIFT CONTRACT, you agree not to pursue any legal action or other claims against the issuers of the CAR GIFT CONTRACT. We reserve the right to alter the CAR GIFT CONTRACT and the General Terms and Conditions at our will.
With the CAR GIFT CONTRACT entering into force, your previously purchased passenger vehicle will expire, and its ownership*** will revert to our company.
* As stipulated in our draft contract, the definition of "CAR" is "two rear-view mirrors and a carburetor."
** The relevant criteria are contained in the current and later versions of the General Terms and Conditions, as defined and interpreted by our current and future employees.
*** According to the provisions of the General Terms and Conditions, "ownership" rights belong to the party issuing the CAR GIFT CONTRACT.
C'mon, buddy. Just sign the contract.
Posted by Melan at 12:50
Volja 20 January 2023 at 14:59
Is that the used ship salesman from Monkey Island?
Tamás Illés 21 January 2023 at 08:20
Stan's the man!
Nirkhuz 20 January 2023 at 17:17
Simply brilliant.
Kent 23 January 2023 at 06:20
I am sure this is hilarious to others but I will take this opportunity to say that your ability to engage with people is woeful. I have listened to your monotonous voice on podcasts and excused it because you are translating in real time. There is no excuse for you pathetic engagement on your own blog where you write competently in english, but then engage with the comments like an ape, which is how you speak english.
Melan 23 January 2023 at 16:02
Every so often, when working from my weekend house, I awaken to find some nocturnal critter has placed its gifts on the terrace: chewed-up bones, excrement with the remains of its last meal, or signs of an attempt to rifle through the rubbish. It sometimes makes me wonder about the infinite variety of God's creation, and it sometimes annoys me because they leave a mess. These are, however, both the natural consequences of living by the forest, and I pay them little mind as I proceed with my daily routine.
Urban 25 January 2023 at 07:33
Indeed, one of you is clearly a great disciple of Vance
[REVIEW] The Cerulean Valley
[REVIEW] The Black Pyramid
[REVIEW] Offspring of the Siphoned Demon
[BEYONDE] Arthurian Legends


text:
Our network of global manufacturing facilities ensures support for Customers worldwide. They are situated in Ireland, United States, Poland and Malaysia. The four unified state-of-the-art facilities offer solutions on all continents.
SteriPack HQ & Facility
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Capabilities: Headquarters, Science & Innovation Campus & Plant, Technical Centre, Administration, Cleanroom Additive / 3D Printing (Polymers & Elastomers), Cleanroom Manufacturing
SteriPack Facility
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Today we have the pleasure of sharing some of the Player and Event cards via this graphic we've made in preparation for our Kickstarter launch. There's more to follow very soon. We'd love to hear what you think!


The Virginia Economic Development Partnership (VEDP) was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1995 to encourage, stimulate, and support development and expansion of the Commonwealth's economy. To accomplish these objectives, the Partnership focuses on business recruitment, expansion, and international trade. VEDP has offices in Virginia, Germany, Japan, and South Korea.
With dedicated and knowledgeable professionals committed to Virginia's economic success, VEDP helps businesses find the resources they need to make relocation and expansion successful endeavors.
VEDP is governed by a 17-member Board of Directors. The Board selects the President and Chief Executive Officer and ensures that VEDP complies with all Board and statutory directives. The Board works with VEDP's staff to develop, implement, and update strategic and marketing plans for the Commonwealth and an operational plan for VEDP.
Stephen Moret is President and CEO of the Virginia Economic Development Partnership.
Before joining VEDP in January 2017, Moret served as chief executive of the Baton Rouge Area Chamber and Louisiana Dept. of Economic Development, as well as the LSU Foundation and its real-estate development arm.
At VEDP, he has collaborated with state, regional, and local partners to craft an ambitious vision focused on transformational goals, including accelerating employment growth; enabling every region to grow; and moving back to the top of national business climate rankings. He led Virginia's successful state-and-local team bid for Amazon's HQ2 and is launching a world-class, custom workforce program along with the Virginia Community College System.
For seven years, Moret served as secretary of LED, transforming it into one of America's top state economic development agencies. While there, he led business development efforts and built higher ed partnerships that helped secure a variety of projects in urban and rural areas, including software/IT centers (e.g., CGI, CSC, GE, IBM), food/agricultural processing facilities, and a few of the largest FDI projects in U.S. history. Collectively these projects totaled more than $62 billion in capital investment. He also established LED FastStart, which The Economist called "probably the most notable statewide workforce-development initiative [in America]." During his tenure, Louisiana rose to its highest-ever position in every national business climate ranking.
Prior to LED, Moret was CEO of BRAC, which he and his team transformed into a nationally competitive, regional EDO. He also served as a consultant with McKinsey & Company; a public policy fellow with the Public Affairs Research Council of La.; and a consultant to Harvard Business School.
Vince Barnett serves as Vice President of Business Investment, where he directs VEDP's lead generation, business retention and expansion, and Governor-led trade mission strategies to targeted industry executives and site-selection consultants.
Barnett previously served as VEDP's Vice President of Communications and Promotions, where he led the marketing program. Before joining VEDP in 2001, Barnett served as Marketing Manager for HHHunt Corporation in Glen Allen, Virginia, where he was responsible for marketing efforts at Hunting Hawk Golf Club. Barnett served more than seven years in the United States Air Force and the Virginia Air National Guard, with assignments at Ramstein Air Base in Germany and Incirlik Air Base in Turkey.
Sean Brazier serves as VEDP's Vice President of Economic Competitiveness, responsible for development and implementation of strategies and initiatives to improve Virginia's business environment, supporting productivity and prosperity growth for its citizens.
Before joining VEDP in September 2017, Brazier helped start Purpose Built Schools Atlanta, an organization that partners with Atlanta Public Schools to manage schools on behalf of the district. Brazier also spent five years at McKinsey & Company where, among other roles, he served as an Engagement Manager for clients across public and private sectors, including one year as the U.S Program Manager for scaling operations for Generation U.S., a workforce development program preparing 18-29-year-olds for successful careers.
Melissa Cox serves as VEDP's Human Resources Director, responsible for talent acquisition and retention, performance management, total rewards, and human capital risk management.
Before joining VEDP in May 1998, Cox served as a long-term substitute teacher with Henrico County Public Schools. Cox also spent five years with the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as an Office Services Specialist in the Office of Product and Industry Standards.
Jason El Koubi serves as VEDP's Executive Vice President, leading the organization's strategy and operations in collaboration with the President and CEO and directly overseeing activities related to economic competitiveness, international trade, incentives, research, IT, fiscal operations, and human resources.
Before joining VEDP in July 2017, El Koubi was previously President and CEO of One Acadiana, a regional economic development organization based in Lafayette, Louisiana. Under his leadership, the organization developed and successfully launched one of the most successful capital campaigns of its kind in the nation to deliver a new economic development program for the nine-parish region. Previously, El Koubi served as Assistant Secretary of Louisiana Economic Development, where he led initiatives that helped secure projects creating more than 63,000 new jobs along with more than $28 billion in new capital investment, while dramatically improving Louisiana's position in virtually every state business climate ranking.
Paul Grossman serves as VEDP's Vice President of International Trade, responsible for increasing trade of Virginia products and services to markets worldwide.
Grossman has 30+ years of international economic development experience in Virginia, Arizona, and South Carolina at the state and local levels, and has lived and traveled extensively overseas. He has designed and implemented award-winning international trade development programs, business recruitment programs, and industrial parks. Under his guidance, more than 1,500 Virginia companies have traveled internationally to conduct business, and the Virginia Leaders in Export Trade (VALET) Program and Global Defense Program were created, initiatives that were first-ever in the nation and received national and international acclaim. He also managed VEDP's international business recruitment program, resulting in $3.8 billion in capital investment and creation of 15,425 jobs.
As General Counsel, Sandra Jones McNinch oversees all of VEDP's legal functions.
Before joining VEDP, McNinch was a public finance lawyer at a large law firm representing localities, issuers, borrowers, investment bankers, credit providers, and trustees in financings for public and private facilities and infrastructure. She also represented localities and developers in negotiating and implementing public-private partnerships and economic development incentive packages.
As CIO, John Mehfoud directs VEDP's strategic planning and information security technology.
Mehfoud was previously a software engineer for a consulting firm in Richmond, Virginia. He specialized in accounting systems, network architecture, and large-scale database design. His assignments included major companies and organizations at the federal and state level.
Lori Melancon serves as VEDP's Vice President of Marketing & Communications, responsible for marketing the Commonwealth for business, including the VEDP and Virginia brands, websites, event and trade show marketing, and external communications.
Before joining VEDP in April 2017, Melancon led economic development marketing efforts at Louisiana Economic Development and the Baton Rouge Area Chamber. During her tenure at LED, she modernized the Louisiana brand for business, managed all components of the organization's marketing and communications program, and created innovative tools for regional and local partners. Lori has also worked for two advertising agencies, managing relationships with economic development and private-sector clients.
Nathalie Molliet-Ribet leads VEDP's Research team, providing companies and economic development stakeholders with customized, insightful analysis and data visualizations that convey Virginia's full value proposition as the best state for business.
Nathalie was most recently Virginia's Deputy Secretary of Education, promoting Governor McAuliffe's priorities in higher education and workforce training. Previously, she served as the Senior Associate Director of the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC), the General Assembly's public policy research agency. During her 13-year career at JLARC, Nathalie oversaw and conducted more than 20 studies that prompted sweeping legislative reform in areas including economic development, incentives, workforce development, health care, and human services. Before entering state service, Nathalie held a variety of leadership positions in finance with General Electric.
Christy Morton serves as VEDP's Vice President of External Affairs, responsible for managing VEDP's relationships with the General Assembly, the Administration, and Virginia's congressional delegation. She also leads VEDP's external relationships with local and regional economic development organizations, trade associations, and other key stakeholders and partners to increase VEDP's collaboration across the Commonwealth.
Morton previously served for four years as Executive Director of the Virginia Rural Center, where she brought together local and state government officials to develop solutions for challenges facing rural communities. She worked closely with legislators, the Administration, telecommunications firms, CIT, and other groups to improve broadband access in rural areas, as well as led initiatives to highlight innovative opportunities for economic development in rural Virginia.
Morton once served as Deputy Director of External Affairs and Policy Development for Governor Bob McDonnell, building coalitions and managing stakeholder relations for the Governor's initiatives and legislative agenda as well as for all cabinet offices. Before joining the Administration, she worked in communications and public relations for Virginia Natural Gas in Norfolk, Virginia, and in government affairs and public relations with Davis Consultants in Richmond.
As the Controller and Treasurer, Jack Nelson's primary responsibilities include asset protection, internal control, procurement, budget, and accounting and support services operations.
Before joining VEDP in 1991, Nelson worked in the Virginia State Comptroller's Office reviewing state agency responses to Auditor of Public Accounts audits and managed statewide indirect cost recovery, accounts receivable, federal cash management, and leases. Before working in the public sector, Mr. Nelson served as Controller of a nonprofit private sector firm and as staff accountant with a CPA firm.
Johan Salén serves as VEDP's Vice President of Incentives, responsible reviewing, vetting, tracking, and coordinating all incentives administered by VEDP, as well as incentives strategy and structuring for major projects.
Before joining VEDP in August 2018, Salén served as the Executive Director of New York City Industrial Development Agency, providing discretionary incentives for corporate attraction and retention projects on behalf of the City. Prior to NYCIDA, Johan spent six years working at Louisiana Economic Development, first as Director of Structuring and Valuation and then as Director of Business Development, where he led the attraction of a variety of major project wins, including CGI, CSC/CSRA, IBM, and GE Capital, among others.
Tim Stuller serves as VEDP's Vice President of Workforce Solutions, helping new and expanding businesses access talent and training and overseeing the Virginia Jobs Investment Program, a key workforce incentive supporting economic development.
Stuller joined VEDP in 2011 and previously served as a Business Development Manager focused on new and expanding businesses, with emphasis on the biosciences sector. He represents VEDP on several statewide boards and task teams for business and workforce.
Before VEDP, Stuller worked for IBM Corporation in marketing and business development leadership in regional and national markets with commercial and public-sector clients.
For two decades, the Virginia Economic Development Partnership has served as Virginia's economic development authority. Like the Commonwealth it serves, VEDP has long been regarded as among the best in the country because of its stable leadership and nimble, creative, mission-focused operations. It is a nonpartisan, quasi-independent state authority governed by a board of directors that spans gubernatorial administrations. VEDP is a certified Virginia Values Veterans (V3) Program employer with ongoing plans to recruit, hire, and retain veterans.


The DPTL Pressure Sensor is a differential pressure transmitter for monitoring and controlling the differential pressure of air and other non-flammable, non-aggressive gases.
Monitoring of air filters, fans, industrial cooling air cycles as well as overheating protection, control of air and fire dampers, anti-freeze with heat exchangers.
The data sheet for the DPTL Pressure Sensor is shown below, please contact us using the details above if you require further information.


text:
package org.ansj.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;

import org.ansj.domain.Term;
import org.ansj.splitWord.analysis.ToAnalysis;

public class SpeedTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		ToAnalysis.parse("test---aaaa中国孙健测试");
		String text = TextUtils.loadTestText("2012081303.txt");

		ToAnalysis toAnalysis = new ToAnalysis(new StringReader(text));
		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
		long allCount = 0;
		long wordCount =0;

		Term term = null ;
		while((term = toAnalysis.next())!=null){
			allCount += term.getName().length();
			wordCount++;
		}

		long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
		System.out.println(end - start);
		System.out.println("v3 共 " + allCount + " 个字符,"+wordCount+"个词.每秒处理了:" + (allCount * 1000.0 / (end - start)));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Oyster hatchery built with $3M from BP settlement opens
The 7,000-square-foot concrete building, designed to withstand 140-mph winds, is raised 20 feet above sea level and will more than double production of the larvae used to seed oyster grounds
A new oyster hatchery built with $3 million in BP oil spill settlement money to withstand hurricane-force winds is opening Wednesday (today) in Grand Isle.
The 7,000-square-foot concrete building, designed to withstand 140-mph winds, is raised 20 feet above sea level and will more than double production of the larvae used to seed oyster grounds, according to the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries.
The building's recirculating water system allows year-round production, boosting the number of larvae from about 400 million a year to as many as 1 billion a year, department spokeswoman Ashley Roth said in an email Wednesday.
State officials were in Grand Isle to formally open the facility. Department Secretary Robert Barham, fisheries head Randy Pausina, LSU President King Alexander and Louisiana Sea Grant executive director Robert Twilley were to speak at Wednesday's ribbon-cutting.
Sea Grant has been involved in oyster research and improvements for more than 20 years, Twilley said.
He says the hatchery building is owned by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, and Supan is in charge of the research and technology.
Twilley called the partnership between Sea Grant and Wildlife and Fisheries "a great collaboration."
The building, named after oysterman Michael Voisin, has allowed LSU AgCenter professor John Supan to bring his work indoors.
He's been running an outdoor hatchery and research station at Grand Isle since 1993, moving equipment inland whenever a tropical storm threatened. After Hurricane Katrina, the hatchery was moved to the department's Fisheries Research Lab, Roth said.
Money for the project came from the $1 billion in early restoration funds that BP PLC provided after the spill in 2010.
Design work is going on for two fish hatcheries and research stations, also being built with money from BP. One for marine baitfish, such as Atlantic croaker and Gulf killifish, is being built in Plaquemines Parish. The other, just south of Lake Charles, will produce spotted sea trout, red drum and southern flounder.
They'll be used to responsibly develop aquaculture-based techniques for marine fisheries management, Roth said.
Wed, Aug 12, 2015, 12:14 AM


text:
Q: How to use an Array to search and delete folders in VBScript Just started using VBScript to automate some task on a server.
How can i utilize an Array in VBScript to search and delete certain folders?

A: Arrays are perfect for instances where you want to follow the DRY prinicple.
For this task I would use a simple 1 dimensional array to list all of the folder locations you wish to process, something like this;
Dim folders, items, item

folders = Array( _
              "c:\folder1\subfolder1" _
            , "c:\folder2" _
            , "f:\folder1\subfolder1\subfolder1" _
          )

'Check we have a valid array
If IsArray(folders) Then
  items = UBound(folders)
  For item = 0 to items
    'Call the function that will do the work
    Call DoTask(folders(item))
  Next
End If

The example assumes the processing is done by DoTask() function (this can be any function you like) which takes the folder as an input argument.
For or For Each?
As MC ND has pointed out you can use For Each as well the difference is negligible but worth pointing out. Here is an example using For Each.
Dim folders, folder

folders = Array( _
              "c:\folder1\subfolder1" _
            , "c:\folder2" _
            , "f:\folder1\subfolder1\subfolder1" _
          )

'Check we have a valid array
If IsArray(folders) Then
  For Each folder In folders
    'Call the function that will do the work
    Call DoTask(folder)
  Next
End If

So much for spoon feeding
The DoTask() sub procedure would look something like this for the requested task.
Sub DoTask(folder)
  Dim fso

  Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
  If fso.FolderExists(folder) Then
    Call fso.DeleteFolder(folder, True)
  End If
  Set fso = Nothing
End Sub

A: Option Explicit

Dim aFolders
    aFolders = Array( "x:\folder1", "x:\folder2", "x:\folder3" )

Dim strFolder
    With WScript.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
        For Each strFolder In aFolders
            If .FolderExists(strFolder) Then
                .DeleteFolder strFolder, True
            End If
        Next
    End With

A: This project on SourceForge does lots of VBScript folder creation and deletion that you might get some inspiration from.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/simple-gtd/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Woodford suspends fund after increase in redemptions
By Simon Jessop
LONDON (Reuters) - Neil Woodford, one of Britain's most high-profile fund managers, has suspended trading in one of his funds after an increase in demand from clients to take their money back.
A favorite of retail investors after he performed well during the financial crisis, Woodford had initially seen assets under management grow sharply after he left Invesco to set up his own firm, Woodford Investment Management.
A period of underperformance has seen billions of pounds exit in outflows, however, and those from its 4.3 billion pounds ($5.4 billion) LF Woodford Equity Income Fund had picked up in recent weeks, prompting its suspension on Monday.
The fund has also faced criticism because of some of its investments in unlisted stocks, riskier investments that are harder to manage in a fund where investors have the right to withdraw their money daily.
Concern around the impact of client redemptions and risk-taking drove fund rating company Morningstar to recently downgrade the fund, citing Woodford's "extreme" portfolio positioning.
The suspension followed an increase in demand from clients to redeem, and would remain in place until further notice, a statement from Woodford's authorized corporate director, Link Fund Solutions (LFS), said on Woodford's website.
"This period of suspension is intended to protect the investors in the fund by allowing Woodford ... time to reposition the element of the fund's portfolio invested in unquoted and less liquid stocks, in to more liquid investments," it said.
Suspending trading in a fund is usually only used as a last resort to protect those investors choosing to remain in the fund from a fire-sale of the fund's assets - something a number of property funds were forced to do around Britain's Brexit vote.
Trading in the LF Woodford Income Focus Fund and Woodford Patient Capital Trust remain unaffected by the suspension, the LFS statement said.
"When LFS elects to resume dealing in the shares of the Fund, we will write to all investors informing them of this fact," it added.
Reporting by Simon Jessop; Editing by Huw Jones and Mark Potter


text:
Zodiac Suite is a series of 12 pieces of jazz music written by the American jazz pianist and composer Mary Lou Williams and first performed in 1945. The suite makes use of elements of classical music alongside jazz, and Williams was influenced by modernism when writing and arranging it. Each song in the suite is inspired by an astrological sign and musicians or performers who were born under it. Williams began writing music for Zodiac Suite in 1942 and finished the composition in 1945.

Williams first recorded the suite as part of a trio for Asch records and followed this with two notable performances with larger groups. The first performance was with a chamber jazz group and the second was with a symphony orchestra at Carnegie Hall in New York City. These performances took such a toll on Williams that she took a break from performing shortly afterwards.

While the Asch recording was well received by critics, the contemporary reception to the two concerts was mixed. Zodiac Suite is notable as an early instance of the fusion of classical and jazz music. Williams's recording and initial performances of the suite have been recognised as breakthroughs in the history of jazz.

Music

Zodiac Suite is a series of 12 distinct but conceptually linked short pieces of music each representing a sign of the zodiac composed by American musician Mary Lou Williams. The suite was original written for small group performance: six songs for a trio, five songs for a solo piano and one song for a duet of piano and bass. The music has features of classical music alongside the musical language of blues and jazz. A demonstration of this is given in "Aires", where the music moves from the sounds of boogie-woogie to dissonance within the first minute and a half of the piece. Suspended chords, whole-tone scales and contrasting use of major and minor are used throughout the suite. Scholar Richard Thompson noted the wide variance of styles in the suite, which included "20th century European piano preludes, blues boogie-woogie, vamps, ABA sectional forms, which often contrast jazz and classical writing, free piano cadenzas, standard song progressions and forms." Jazz scholar Mark Tucker proposed that the suite is "part of a larger stream of American composition" which encompasses the work of Paul Whiteman, Ferde Grofé, Peter DeRose, Alec Wilder, Bix Beiderbecke and Willard Robison. American academic Farah Griffin compared the suite to trumpeter Miles Davis's 1959 album Kind of Blue, and wrote that Zodiac Suite "leaps ahead a decade, previewing the sounds that would dominate the late fifties" Williams later created an orchestral score for the suite based on the influence of American composer Duke Ellington's longer works and European composers like Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky and Paul Hindemith. The orchestrated rendering of the suite integrated the individual pieces into a more unified work.

Composition and first performances

Composition and Asch recording
Williams began writing Zodiac Suite in 1942 after borrowing a book on astrology. She was interested in the idea of writing music inspired by the star signs of her musician friends. The first three compositions were for "Scorpio", "Gemini" and "Taurus". Ellington's extended jazz piece Black, Brown and Beige had given Williams the idea to create an orchestral work that reached outside of jazz music norms. The suite was also influenced by classical composers such as Bartók. Williams explained that the Zodiac Suite was "the beginning of a real fulfilment of one of my ambitions".

Williams had hoped to finish the suite for a live performance on the radio station WNEW in 1945 with Al Lucas on bass and Jack Parker on drums. By the time of the performance, she still only had compositions for three star signs. The remaining nine signs were improvised live on air. The performance received a positive reception and Williams subsequently recorded Zodiac Suite with the same trio for Asch records.

Most pieces in the suite were dedicated to or influenced by other performers and their star sign. "Aries" was for Ben Webster and Billie Holiday; "Taurus" for Duke Ellington; "Gemini" for Shorty Baker; "Cancer" for Lem Davis; "Leo" for Vic Dickenson; "Libra" for Art Tatum, Dizzy Gillespie, Bud Powell, Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker and John Coltrane; "Scorpio" for Ethel Waters, Katherine Dunham and Al Lucas; "Sagittarius" for Eddie Heywood; "Capricorn" for Pearl Primus and Frankie Newton; "Aquarius" for Josh White and Eartha Kitt; and "Pisces" for Al Hall and Barney Josephson.

While Williams appeared pleased with the recording for Asch, she had ideas for new ways to perform the suite. She began working on arranging the pieces for larger bands in a concert-hall environment. At the time, Williams had a personal relationship with Milton Orent, an arranger for television network NBC. With Orent, Williams listened to and discussed the work of modernist composers like Arnold Schoenberg and Stravinsky. She credited Orent with influencing her musical growth. Orent worked with Williams on the arrangements but the extent of his input is unclear. The revised score gave more opportunities for improvisation.

Town Hall and Carnegie Hall performances

At the end of 1945, Williams performed Zodiac Suite at Town Hall with Edmond Hall's chamber-jazz group. Williams had to borrow money to stage the concert. The work required to prepare for the concert was so extensive that Williams took leave from her job at Café Society to work on it full-time. The performance on 31 December was to a half-empty venue. The musicians were under-rehearsed and struggled with the music's improvisational nature. William's piano playing lacked its usual vibrancy, and Orent, who was conducting, lost a page of music which confused the musicians. Critical reaction to the concert was split. Williams herself was severely upset with the performance, and was ill for the following week. The concert was recorded but the tapes were missing when Williams went to retrieve them. They are suspected to have been stolen by the Danish jazz enthusiast Timme Rosenkrantz for use on pirate records in Europe. Journalist Chris Albertson noted that Rosenkrantz released music from Zodiac Suite on the Selmer record label using different song titles. Williams was never paid for this release. The concert was eventually released in full in the 1990s.

In June 1946, Williams performed Zodiac Suite with a 70-member symphony orchestra at New York's Carnegie Hall after being approached by the concert promoter Norman Granz. Because of the expense of a concert on this scale, Williams again had to pay for some of the organisational expenses. The German jazz critic Dan Morgenstern considers the Carnegie Hall concert to be the first time a symphony orchestra performed jazz compositions. Williams was happy with the performance. However, the string section performed poorly, and, according to William's biographer Linda Dahl, the suite "collapsed under the weight of a full orchestra". The concert was taped, and Williams took precautions to avoid losing the recording as before. She arranged for Rosenkrantz, whom Williams at the time did not suspect of the Town Hall theft, to guard the tapes. The tapes went missing with Rosenkrantz again suspected of purloining them. Working on the Zodiac Suite took a physical and emotional toll on Williams, and she subsequently took a break from performing.

Subsequent performances

Performances by Williams
Williams performed parts of Zodiac Suite with a trio in 1947 for an National Association for the Advancement of Colored People benefit concert at Syracuse University. She had initially been invited by a Syracuse student to perform a symphonic version of the suite, but her fee for this was too high for the university's budget.

In 1957, she performed with the trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie at the Newport Jazz Festival a medley of three songs from the suite ("Virgo", "Libre" and "Aries") that was included on an album of the concert. This was one of Williams's first public performances in many years. With the jazz arranger Melba Liston, Williams planned an arrangement of the suite for the pianist Thelonious Monk but the project never materialised. In 1969, Williams performed music from the suite on Vatican Radio.

Performances by others
Pearl Primus, Katherine Dunham and Talley Beatty all choreographed dances to sections of the suite in the 1940s. The American musician Geri Allen, who played Williams in the film Kansas City, recorded Zodiac Suite Revisited with the Mary Lou Williams Collective in 2006. In 2021, Zodiac Suite was performed by the New York Philharmonic, conducted by Tito Muñoz, and by the Kansas City Jazz Orchestra. The same year, the pianist Chris Pattishall released an interpretation of the suite called Zodiac.

Critical reception
Zodiac Suite was considered novel in jazz music when it was first performed, both thematically and musically, due to its references to and use of classical music. The work's symphonic nature makes it a precursor to the third stream genre which combines jazz and classical music. Writer Richard Lawn described the combination of jazz and classical as "unique and groundbreaking". The black community viewed the suite as an accomplishment when it was first performed, and one journalist said the Carnegie Hall concert "completely eroded the whites-only barrier to the Carnegie Hall stage." Both Lawn and the Encyclopedia of African American Music view the suite as a breakthrough for women composers. Ben Ratliff called Zodiac Suite  "beautifully coherent" and noted the strong feminine expression in the "unmacho" music.

Jazz reviewers had an overall positive response to Williams's Asch recording. The album was chosen by The Record Review as their record of the month and was one of Metronome's albums of the year. In his review of the reissue of the album, Tucker wrote that the recording highlights Williams's ability "not just as composer but as improviser". In 2020, the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. At the time, the Town Hall arrangement received encouraging reviews from jazz critics, but classical music critics were mostly less sympathetic. Paul Bowles described the performance as "neither fish nor foul" in its attempt to marry American jazz and French impressionism. A review in The New York Times called the suite "rather ambitious" and "scarcely a jazz piece at all". Barry Ulanov deemed the concert a "brave try, a partial success" as well as the "music of the future". The Town Hall performance is placed by The Penguin Jazz Guide as a "key moment in the recognition of jazz as an important twentieth-century music". Williams said that Zodiac Suite earned her "the name of musician's musician instead of the Boogie Woogie Queen".

Structure
Zodiac Suite is composed of

Time lengths given above reference the original 1945 Asch recording.

Recordings
Dave Douglas

 "Aires" on Soul on Soul (RCA, 2000)
Virginia Mayhew Quartet

 "Cancer" on Mary Lou Williams – The Next 100 Years (Renma, 2011)

Chris Pattishall:

 Zodiac (self-published, 2021)

Mary Lou Williams:
 Zodiac Suite (Asch Records, 1945) - original issue; (Smithsonian/Folkways, 1995) - re-issue
 The Complete Town Hall Concert of December 31, 1945 (Jazz Classics Records, 1996)
 "Virgo", "Libra" and "Aries" on Dizzy Gillespie at Newport (Verve, 1957)
The Mary Lou Williams Collective (a group consisting of Geri Allen, Andrew Cyrille, Billy Hart, Buster Williams):
 Zodiac Suite: Revisited (Mary Records, 2006)
Jeong Lim Yang

 Zodiac Suite: Reassured (Fresh Sound New Talent, 2022)

References

Sources

 }

Further reading
  The article includes information about each of the pieces in the Suite.

Mary Lou Williams albums
Jazz compositions
1945 albums
Suites (music)


text:
in: Pages using ISBN magic links, 1910 births, 1986 deaths,
Gay male prostitutes
Gay writers
People from France
People prosecuted under anti-homosexuality laws
Writers from France
Jean Genet (19 December 1910 – 15 April 1986) was a prominent and controversial[1] French novelist, playwright, poet, essayist, and political activist. Early in his life he was a vagabond and petty criminal, but later took to writing. His major works include the novels Querelle of Brest, The Thief's Journal, and Our Lady of the Flowers, and the plays The Balcony, The Blacks, The Maids and The Screens.
2.2.1 Primary sources
Genet's mother was a young prostitute who raised him for the first seven months of his life before putting him up for adoption. Thereafter Genet was raised in the provincial town of Alligny-en-Morvan, in the Nièvre department of central France. His foster family was headed by a carpenter and, according to Edmund White's biography, was loving and attentive. While he received excellent grades in school, his childhood involved a series of attempts at running away and incidents of petty theft (although White also suggests that Genet's later claims of a dismal, impoverished childhood were exaggerated to fit his outlaw image[2]).
After the death of his foster mother, Genet was placed with an elderly couple but remained with them less than two years. According to the wife, "he was going out nights and also seemed to be wearing makeup." On one occasion he squandered a considerable sum of money, which they had entrusted him for delivery elsewhere, on a visit to a local fair. For this and other misdemeanors, including repeated acts of vagrancy, he was sent at the age of 15 to Mettray Penal Colony where he was detained between 2 September 1926 and 1 March 1929. In The Miracle of the Rose (1946), he gives an account of this period of detention, which ended at the age of 18 when he joined the French Foreign Legion. He was eventually given a dishonorable discharge on grounds of indecency (having been caught engaged in a homosexual act) and spent a period as a vagabond, petty thief and prostitute across Europe—experiences he recounts in The Thief's Journal (1949). After returning to Paris, France in 1937, Genet was in and out of prison through a series of arrests for theft, use of false papers, vagrancy, lewd acts and other offenses. In prison, Genet wrote his first poem, "Le condamné à mort," which he had printed at his own cost, and the novel Our Lady of the Flowers (1944). In Paris, Genet sought out and introduced himself to Jean Cocteau, who was impressed by his writing. Cocteau used his contacts to get Genet's novel published, and in 1949, when Genet was threatened with a life sentence after ten convictions, Cocteau and other prominent figures, including Jean-Paul Sartre and Pablo Picasso, successfully petitioned the French President to have the sentence set aside. Genet would never return to prison.
By 1949 Genet had completed five novels, three plays and numerous poems, many controversial for their explicit and often deliberately provocative portrayal of homosexuality and criminality. Sartre wrote a long analysis of Genet's existential development (from vagrant to writer) entitled Saint Genet (1952) which was anonymously published as the first volume of Genet's complete works. Genet was strongly affected by Sartre's analysis and did not write for the next five years. Between 1955 and 1961 Genet wrote three more plays as well as an essay called "What Remains of a Rembrandt Torn into Four Equal Pieces and Flushed Down the Toilet", on which hinged Jacques Derrida's analysis of Genet in his seminal work Glas. During this time he became emotionally attached to Abdallah, a tightrope walker. However, following a number of accidents and Abdallah's suicide in 1964, Genet entered a period of depression, even attempting suicide.
From the late 1960s, starting with an homage to Daniel Cohn-Bendit after the events of May 1968, Genet became politically active. He participated in demonstrations drawing attention to the living conditions of immigrants in France. In 1970 the Black Panthers invited him to the USA, where he stayed for three months giving lectures, attending the trial of their leader, Huey Newton, and publishing articles in their journals. Later the same year he spent six months in Palestinian refugee camps, secretly meeting Yasser Arafat near Amman. Profoundly moved by his experiences in Jordan and the USA, Genet wrote a final lengthy memoir about his experiences, Prisoner of Love, which would be published posthumously. Genet also supported Angela Davis and George Jackson, as well as Michel Foucault and Daniel Defert's Prison Information Group. He worked with Foucault and Sartre to protest police brutality against Algerians in Paris, a problem persisting since the Algerian War of Independence, when beaten bodies were to be found floating in the Seine. Genet expresses his solidarity with the Red Army Faction (RAF) of Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, in the article "Violence et brutalité", published in Le Monde, 1977. In September 1982 Genet was in Beirut when the massacres took place in the Palestinian camps of Sabra and Shatila. In response, Genet published "Quatre heures à Chatila" ("Four Hours in Shatila"), an account of his visit to Shatila after the event. In one of his rare public appearances during the later period of his life, at the invitation of Austrian philosopher Hans Köchler, he read from his work during the inauguration of an exhibition on the massacre of Sabra and Shatila organized by the International Progress Organization in Vienna, Austria, on 19 December 1983.[3]
By proxy, Jean Genet even managed to make an unlikely appearance in the pop charts when in 1972, David Bowie released his popular hit single The Jean Genie. In his 2005 book Moonage Daydream, Bowie confirmed that the title "...was a clumsy pun upon Jean Genet".[4] A later promo video combines a version of the song with a fast edit of Genet's 1950 movie Un Chant d'Amour (A Song of Love).
Genet developed throat cancer and was found dead on 15 April 1986 in a hotel room in Paris. Genet may have fallen on the floor and fatally hit his head. He is buried in the Spanish Cemetery in Larache, Morocco.
↑ Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 45 By Daniel G. Marowski, Roger Matuz. Gale: 1987 ISBN 0-8103-4419-X pg 11
↑ Edmund White, Genet: 221
↑ Genet in Vienna
↑ David Bowie & Mick Rock (2005). Moonage Daydream: pp. 140–146
Neil Bartlett, trans. 1995. Splendid's. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-17613-5.
Bray, Barbara, trans. 1992. Prisoner of Love. By Jean Genet. Hanover: Wesleyan UP.
Bernard Frechtman, trans. 1960. The Blacks: A Clown Show. By Jean Genet. New York: Grove P. ISBN 0-8021-5028-4.
---. 1963a. Our Lady of the Flowers by Jean Genet. London: Paladin, 1998.
---. 1963b. The Screens by Jean Genet. London: Faber, 1987. ISBN 0-571-14875-1.
---. 1965a. The Miracle of the Rose by Jean Genet. London: Blond.
---. 1965b. The Thief's Journal by Jean Genet. London: Blond.
---. 1966. The Balcony by Jean Genet. Revised edition. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-04595-2.
---. 1969. Funeral Rites by Jean Genet. London: Blond. Reprinted in London: Faber and Faber, 1990.
---. 1989. The Maids and Deathwatch: Two Plays by Jean Genet. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-14856-5.
Genet, Jean. 1960. "Note." In Wright and Hands (1991, xiv).
---. 1962. "How To Perform The Balcony." In Wright and Hands (1991, xi–xiii).
---. 1966. Letters to Roger Blin. In Seaver (1972, 7–60).
---. 1967. "What Remained of a Rembrandt Torn Up Into Very Even Little Pieces and Chucked Into The Crapper." In Seaver (1972, 75–91).
---. 1969. "The Strange Word Urb..." In Seaver (1972, 61–74).
Seaver, Richard, trans. 1972. Reflections on the Theatre and Other Writings by Jean Genet. London: Faber. ISBN 0-571-09104-0.
Spitzer, Mark, trans. 2010. The Genet Translations: Poetry and Posthumous Plays. Polemic Press. See www.sptzr.net/genet_translations.htm
Streatham, Gregory, trans. 1966. Querelle of Brest by Jean Genet. London: Blond. Reprinted in London: Faber, 2000.
Barbara Wright and Terry Hands, trans. 1991. The Balcony by Jean Genet. London and Boston: Faber. ISBN 0-571-15246-5.
Individual editions
Genet, Jean. 1948. Notre Dame des Fleurs. Lyon: Barbezat-L'Arbalète.
---. 1949. Journal du voleur. Paris: Gallimard.
---. 1951. Miracle de la Rose. Paris: Gallimard.
---. 1953a. Pompes Funèbres. Paris: Gallimard.
---. 1953b. Querelle de Brest. Paris: Gallimard.
---. 1986. Un Captif Amoureux. Paris: Gallimard.
Genet, Jean. 1952–. Œuvres completes. Paris: Gallimard.
Volume 1: Saint Genet: comédien et martyr (by J.-P. Sartre)
Volume 2: Notre-Dame des fleurs – Le condamné à mort – Miracle de la rose – Un chant d'amour
Volume 3: Pompes funèbres – Le pêcheur du Suquet – Querelle de Brest
Volume 4: L'étrange mot d' ... – Ce qui est resté d'un Rembrandt déchiré en petits carrés – Le balcon – Les bonnes – Haute surveillance -Lettres à Roger Blin – Comment jouer 'Les bonnes' – Comment jouer 'Le balcon'
Volume 5: Le funambule – Le secret de Rembrandt – L'atelier d'Alberto Giacometti – Les nègres – Les paravents – L'enfant criminel
Volume 6: L'ennemi déclaré: textes et entretiens
---. 2002. Théâtre Complet. Paris: Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.
Barber, Stephen. 2004. Jean Genet. London: Reaktion. ISBN 1-86189-178-4.
Coe, Richard N. 1968. The Vision of Genet. New York: Grove Press.
Driver, Tom Faw. 1966. Jean Genet. New York: Columbia University Press.
Frieda Ekotto. 2011. "Race and Sex across the French Atlantic: The Color of Black in Literary, Philosophical, and Theater Discourse." New York: Lexington Press. ISBN 0739141147
Knapp, Bettina Liebowitz. 1968. Jean Genet. New York: Twayne.
McMahon, Joseph H. 1963. The Imagination of Jean Genet New Haven: Yale UP.
Oswald, Laura. 1989. Jean Genet and the Semiotics of Performance. Advances in Semiotics ser. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-33152-8.
Savona, Jeannette L. 1983. Jean Genet. Grove Press Modern Dramatists ser. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-394-62045-3.
Styan, J. L. 1981. Symbolism, Surrealism and the Absurd. Vol. 2 of Modern Drama in Theory and Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29629-3.
Webb, Richard C. 1992. File on Genet. London: Methuen. ISBN 0-413-65530-X.
Edmund White. 1993. Genet. Corrected edition. London: Picador, 1994. ISBN 0-330-30622-7.
Hadrien Laroche. 2010 The Last Genet: a writer in revolt. Trans David Homel. Arsenal Pulp Press. ISBN 978-1-55152-365-1.
Ian H. Magedera. 2014 Outsider Biographies; Savage, de Sade, Wainewright, Ned Kelly, Billy the Kid, Rimbaud and Genet: Base Crime and High Art in Biography and Bio-Fiction, 1744-2000. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-3875-2
Frieda Ekotto. 2001. "L'Ecriture carcérale et le discours juridique: Jean Genet" Paris: L'Harmattan.,
El Maleh, Edmond Amran. 1988. Jean Genet, Le captif amoureux: et autres essais. Grenoble: Pensée sauvage. ISBN 2-85919-064-3.
Eribon, Didier. 2001. Une morale du minoritaire: Variations sur un thème de Jean Genet. Paris: Librairie Artème Fayard. ISBN 2-213-60918-7.
Bougon, Patrice. 1995. Jean Genet, Littérature et politique, L'Esprit Créateur, Spring 1995, Vol. XXXV, N°1
Hubert, Marie-Claude. 1996. L'esthétique de Jean Genet. Paris: SEDES. ISBN 2-7181-9036-1.
Jablonka, Ivan. 2004. Les vérités inavouables de Jean Genet. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 2-02-067940-X.
Jean-Paul Sartre. 1952. Saint Genet, comédien et martyr. In Jean genet, Oeuvres Complétes de Jean Genet I. Paris: Éditions Gallimard.
Hadrien Laroche. 2010. "Le Dernier Genet. Histoire des hommes infâmes". Paris: Champs Flammarion; nouvelle édition, revue et corrigée. ISBN 978-2-0812-4057-5
"Genet, Jean (1910–1986)" From glbtq: Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, & Queer Culture
William Haver, "The Ontological Priority of Violence: On Several Really Smart Things About Violence in Jean Genet's Work"
Patrice Bougon: academic research, bibliography, papers, news, symposium
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Jean Genet. The list of authors can be seen in the page history.. As with LGBT Info, the text of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0.


text:
Bandits sign Minichiello to 2-year contract
Bandits Public Relations 08.17.2020
The Buffalo Bandits today announced the team has signed defenseman Marcus Minichiello to a two-year contract, pending league approval.
Minichiello (6'2", 165 lbs., 4/21/1997) returns after recovering 12 loose balls in five games with the Bandits as a rookie in 2020. Before signing with the Bandits, he spent the 2018-19 season with the Paris RiverWolves of the Arena Lacrosse League, where he recorded 11 points (6+5) in 11 regular-season games and added four points (2+2) in three playoff contests.
Prior to beginning his professional career, the Toronto native played six seasons with the Toronto Beaches of the OJALL, posting 34 points (14+20) in 86 regular-season games.


text:
Apex Legends Inven Inven Global
The final Super Smash Bros. Ultimate patch notes and the mystery of the missing Pikachu nerfs
Tim Masters
▲ Image: Nintendo US
Yesterday saw the highly-anticipated final balance patch for Super Smash Bros Ultimate, and it's fair to say fans of many characters were somewhat disappointed by the changes, or lack of in some cases. While buffs to Inkling and MetaKnight will have pleased a few loyal mains, the de facto "best" characters in the game went largely untouched, with one in particular drawing the ire of many a gamer.
For those who don't follow the competitive scene, there is something of a debate about the "best" character in the game. Recent releases like Pyra/Mythra and Byleth have seen some impressive tournament results, but only when piloted by truly god-tier players like MKLeo or Spargo, while DLC before them such as Joker and the now-nerfed Min-Min look like very strong characters, despite their kits being toned down a touch.
There is one top tier that has remained roughly untouched through multiple patches, though, an electric rat with relatively little in the way of tournament success. We are of course talking about Pikachu, a character that has been a problem on and off since Smash 64, and one that occupies an incredibly odd place in the Ultimate pantheon, of being both overpowered, and underrepresented in terms of tournament wins.
Why is Pikachu so good in Smash Ultimate?
On paper, there is really no arguing that Pikachu is not a high tier character in Ultimate, with many believing the character to be the best in the game. Strengths include a near-broken recovery, great movement, the ability to escape disadvantage states against most characters, and potentially the best edgeguarding in the game. That's on top of the fact Pika basically has zero-to-death combos on a decent number of other characters thanks to sequences like lightning loops and the infamous back-air.
Then you get onto the fact that the most successful Pikachu main is also one of the few elite players to talk up their character, rather than down. While Melee Fox mains complain about losing a matchup to Marth on a single counterpick, the primary Pika protagonist is ESAM, a man never shy about extolling the virtues of their chosen main. When asked recently by our very own Oddball why he feels so confident against the world's best player, MKLeo, ESAM said simply, "Pikachu's broken and beats all of his characters," something you'd think would be very significant in an era where Leo is often the final boss of Ultimate.
However, if you look at the results, Pikachu is only listed as a winning character at one major tournament in 2021 — and two since the start of 2019. Both of these wins came at Glitch, and both were taken by ESAM himself, with the rest of the top 20 or so choosing to put their faith in far "worse" characters. This may be at the heart of why Pika has remained untouched by the nerf team for so long, but why are there so few mains of the (theoretically) best character in the entire game?
Practice makes the perfect Pika
Well, the first thing to mention is that not all Ultimate pros work that hard on their tech skill, or spend as much time in the "lab" as their Melee counterparts, at least according to some. Fox main Light has admitted his main form of training is just practicing his combos in training mode to keep his basic tech in shape, while Melee pro Leffen has struck out at the Ult scene for being lazy by comparison to his own world.
While Ult isn't the most technically demanding game in the series, there is no doubt that Pikachu is one of the more technically demanding characters in Ult, and that is borne out by his results in casual play. The lack of Pika mains at the top level is more difficult to understand, but that has also probably contributed to the way the Pokemon has sailed through patch after patch unmolested by Sakurai's balance team, as there is little empirical data to suggest Pika really is a problem.
It may be that if Ult survives another decade, Pika will rise to the top, in the same way the technically demanding Fox emerged as the best in Melee once enough time had passed for players to truly master all of his options.
For now, it seems as though the electric rat will remain in Schroedinger's Smash Bros., with the potential to dominate the competitive scene, but in reality no results to force the hand of the balance team, or bear out the idea that the character is a problem.
Image credit: Nintendo US
ESAM
tmastersfreelance@gmail.com


text:
Q: How to remove Privacy settings popup from flash player? I am using red5 server for video recording. But when using for video recording, it shows Privacy popup for allowing Camera and microphone for recording
I want it should allow always. How do I proceed further
Your help will be appreciable
Thank you

A: You cannot remove that pop-up via client nor server side code; it is built into FlashPlayer. A n individual may prevent some pop-ups from showing for specifically selected sites via their FlashPlayer settings panel.

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Here's Day 9 of my 30 days of video series, while also water fasting at the same time. This video is about creating artistic value by involving your fans in the creative process without losing your artistic integrity.
If you'd like to join Rachelle and me for an immersive deep dive into independent theater, come hang out with us at the Winnipeg Fringe Festival in July.


Gear all loaded up. Weather forecast right now looks promising for my trek to Gainesville for the first time.
Nope, did not leave the house. Raining here since 4am. Yuck!!!! Will have to wait till another day to shoot my first match with the Roughshod Raiders.
That was a well-designed match. Many challenging stages with some rather small target. I know what I'm going to practice before next match.


Avio is a leading aerospace Company, established in 1908 and grown since then around its core business of aerospace propulsion. Avio has four major lines of business: modules and components for military and civil aircraft and helicopter propulsion systems; MR&O and Services for military and civil aircraft and helicopter propulsion systems; Space propulsion and tactical propulsion systems; Jet Derivative engines and Automation system for naval and industrial applications. Avio is world leader in design of low pressure turbine (LPT) modules and components throughout a wide range of applications for long/medium range aircraft and regional jets.
Avio is responsible of the development of the LEMCOTEC combustor which integrates the PERM Low NOx combustion technology, already investigated in previous European projects.


A charming basket of fresh carnations, roses, and daisies accented with babies breath and a splash of purple statice!
This design includes roses at the prices shown. It can also be designed without the roses for a lower price point starting at just $50.00. If you would like the optional design without roses, please phone 814.514.5235 and one of our staff will be happy to assisst you in making the best selection!


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Dissertation > Political, legal > Legal > Chinese law > Economic Law > Corporate law, company law
System of State-owned Company's Board of Supervisors
Author YuRanHai
Tutor CaoXingQuan
School Southwest University of Political Science
Course Civil and Commercial Law
Keywords state-owned companies corporate governance structure state-owned companies the board of supervisors Board of Supervisors employee supervisors
CLC D922.291.91
Owned by the State Board of supervisors system has not only the general limited liability company board of supervisors system of general character, also have its different from general limited liability company characteristics and requirements, play with the general company board of supervisors system there are similarities and differences between the duty. Establishing and perfecting the modern state-owned company board of supervisors system, is to establish the modern enterprise system of our country, promote state-owned company in good operation, guarantee the safety of state-owned assets and the important means to achieve value-added. But in practice, due to the historical and realistic factors, coupled with the " company law" requirements are relatively simple, a wholly state-owned company board of supervisors system operation situation is not ideal, board of supervisors,"the board of supervisors","supervisors cannot supervisors" phenomenon is not rare. How to give full play to the solely state-owned company supervision function of the board of supervisors, is a wholly state-owned company live development and growth of the intrinsic request, is the state-owned assets supervision and administration of the gate of the urgent need for regulatory purposes. This paper will combine the knowledge of a wholly state-owned company board of supervisors about the actual present situation, according to the current laws of the solely state-owned company board of supervisors system is provided, the solely state-owned company board of supervisors system related to the basic concepts, our country state-owned company board of supervisors system form, our current solely state-owned company supervision board position and responsibilities, establish and perfect the system of board of supervisors of a wholly state-owned company the necessity, the board of supervisors working mechanism problems, related problems, to solve the related problems and so on, our current system of board of supervisors of a wholly state-owned company to carry on the ponder and the analysis, in order to seek the way to perfect this one system. The article thinks, want to solve state-owned company board of supervisors system existing problems in practice, realize its full value, must solve the shortage of legislation problem, first of all, through the company law wholly state-owned company board of supervisors system function, improve the system of board of supervisors of a wholly state-owned company system of rights and obligations, the refinement of its composition mechanism, power mechanism and operating mechanism. Secondly, in order to strengthen the state-owned enterprise management and issue the special regulations system, relates to a wholly state-owned company board of supervisors system operation regulations, shall not violate the provisions of the company law and the basic principles. Finally, through the practice of law, law enforcement and other ways of correcting people for state-owned and solely invested company board of supervisors system cognitive concepts, for the board of supervisors system operation to create a good thought, the consciousness of legal system environment.
An Empirical Study of the family of listed companies in China governance structure of the internal control,F276.5
The Correlation Studies about Corporate Governance Structure and CPA'S Audit Quality,F276.6;F224
Disclosure of Financial Fraud and Improvement of Corporate Governance,F276.6
Internal Governance and Firm Performance Empirical Research,F224
The Correlational Study of between Characteristic of Corporate Governance Structure and Earnings Management of Gem Listed Companies,F275
Research on Corporate Governance Structure and Changes in Accounting Estimates,F275.2
The Research of Corporate Governance Affect the Accounting Information Quality,F276.6;F224
On Legislative Perfection About the Dispatched Board of Supervisors System of State-owned Enterprises in China,D922.29
Legal issues and regulation measures of contractual operation of state-owned companies,D922.29
The Study of Family Firm's Governance Structure in China,F276.5
On the board of supervisors system perfect,D922.291.91
Corporate governance structure of listed commercial banks in China to study of the effectiveness of internal control,F830.42
The Research on the Construction of the Board of Directors of State-Owned Individual Proprietorship Companies,F275
Governance structure of listed companies in China and Countermeasures,F276.6
Diversified equity backdrop institutional analysis of state-owned enterprises of the Supervisory Committee,F276.6
The Reform of Japanese Corporate Governance and Its Implication for China,F276.6
Legal Research of Corporate Governance Structure Based on Stakeholder's Value View,D922.291.91
Corporate Governance Structure, Legal Issues and Countermeasures,D912.29
Checks and Balances between the Board of Directors and Board of Supervisors,D922.291.91
A Study of Incentive and Performance for Senior-Managers in Listed Pharmacy Companies,F426.72;F276.6
The Risk and Precaution of Main Parties in Transferable Letter of Credit
Martin Luther King,Jr.,--The Prometheus of American Blacks
From the "Office of unity" to "tube do separation" - the county school development community construction
A Study on Hybridity in Translations of Wuthering Heights
Smartphone Consumers'Customer Value Hierarchy Deconstruction
Research on Microvessel Density and its Relationship with Carcinoma-associated Fibroblasts in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
The business judgment rule applicable in China
Northwest Chronicles in Ming Dynasty
Study of Protective Function Mechanism of Xintongshu Decoction (XTSD) in Treatment of Cardiac Muscle on JAK-STAT、SOCS Signal Pathway
Studies of Selenium Grignard Reagent Synthesizing Organic Selenides
The Anti-Angiogenesis Effect of a New Flavonoid((2S)-8-isopentenyl-7,2',4'-trihydroxy-5-methoxyflavo-none) and Its Mechanism
An Analysis of Robert Frost's West-Running Brook from Perspectives of Ontology and Phenomenology
The Comparison between Piaget's and Kohlberg's Theories on Moral Development
Disillusionment of American Dreams in the Human Stain
A Clinical Study on the Application of Bispectral Index (BIS) during Anesthesia Intubation and Extubation


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Neuro Intensive Care
The latest medical research on Neuro Intensive Care
The research magnet gathers the latest research from around the web, based on your specialty area. Below you will find a sample of some of the most recent articles from reputable medical journals about neuro intensive care gathered by our medical AI research bot.
CSF Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With Concomitant α-Synuclein Pathology.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), total tau (t-tau) and neurogranin (Ng) can diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) in life. However, it is unknown if CSF concentrations, and thus their accuracies, are affected by concomitant pathologies common in AD, such as α-synuclein (αSyn). Our primary goal was to test if biomarkers in patients with AD are altered by concomitant αSyn. We compared CSF Aβ42, p-tau181, t-tau and Ng levels across autopsy-confirmed AD and concomitant AD and αSyn (AD+αSyn). Antemortem CSF levels were related to postmortem accumulations of αSyn. Finally, we tested how concommitant AD+αSyn affected diagnostic accuracy of two CSF-based strategies: the ATN framework and the t-tau/Aβ42 ratio.
Inclusion criteria were neuropathologic diagnoses of AD, mixed AD+αSyn, and αSyn. A convenience sample of non-impaired controls were selected with available CSF and a mini mental state exam (MMSE)≥27. αSyn without AD and controls were included as reference groups. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) tested planned comparisons were CSF Aβ42, p-tau181, t-tau, and Ng differences across AD and AD+αSyn. Linear models tested how biomarkers were altered by αSyn accumulation in AD, accounting for pathologic amyloid-β and tau. Receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC), including 95% confidence intervals (CI), evaluated diagnostic accuracy.
Participants were 61 AD, 39 mixed AD+αSyn, 20 αSyn, and 61 Controls. AD had similar median age (73 [IQR=12]), MMSE (23 [IQR=9]), and sex distribution (Male=49%) compared to AD+αSyn age (70 [IQR=13]; p=0.3), MMSE (25 [IQR=9.5]; p=0.19), and sex distribution (Male=69%; p=0.077). ANCOVAs showed AD+αSyn had lower p-tau181 (F(1,94)=17, p=0), t-tau (F(1,93)=11, p=0.0004), and Ng levels (F(1,50)=12, p=0.0004) than AD; there was no difference in Aβ42 (p=0.44). Models showed increasing αSyn related to lower p-tau181 (β=-0.26, SE=0.092, p=0.0065), t-tau (β=-0.19, SE=0.092, p=0.041), and Ng levels (β=-0.2, SE=0.066, p=0.0046); αSyn was not a significant factor for Aβ42 (p=1). T-tau/Aβ42 had the highest accuracy when detecting AD, including mixed AD+αSyn cases (AUC=0.95; CI=0.92 to 0.98).
Findings demonstrate that concomitant αSyn pathology in AD is associated with lower CSF p-tau181, t-tau, and Ng levels, and can affect diagnositic accuracy in AD patients.
Racial Disparities in Stroke Recurrence: A Population-Based Study.
There are significant racial disparities in stroke in the United States, with Black individuals having a higher risk of incident stroke even when adjusted for traditional stroke risk factors. It is unknown whether Black individuals are also at a higher risk of recurrent stroke.
Over an 18-month period spanning 2014-2015, we ascertained index stroke cases within the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky population of 1.3 million. We then followed all patients for 3 years and determined the risk of recurrence. Multivariable survival analysis was performed to determine the effect of Black race on recurrence.
There were 3816 patients with index stroke/TIA events in our study period, and 476 patients had a recurrent event within three years. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of 3-year recurrence rate was 15.4%. Age- and sex-adjusted stroke recurrence rate was higher in Black individuals (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.1-1.6; p=0.003); however, when adjusted for traditional stroke risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, age, and left ventricular hypertrophy, the association between Black race and recurrence was significantly attenuated and became nonsignificant (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.36, p=0.32). At younger ages, Black race was more strongly associated with recurrence and this effect may not be fully attenuated by traditional stroke risk factors.
Recurrent stroke was more common among Black individuals, but the magnitude of the racial difference was substantially attenuated and became nonsignificant when adjusted for traditional stroke risk factors. Interventions targeting these risk factors could reduce disparities in stroke recurrence.
Pearls & Oy-sters: Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions With MOG Antibodies Preceding Late-Infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.
The development of acute neurological dysfunction associated with tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL) and mild diffuse involvement of the corpu...
Combined Effects of Synaptic and Axonal Integrity on Longitudinal Gray Matter Atrophy in Cognitively Unimpaired Adults.
Synaptic dysfunction and degeneration is a predominant feature of brain aging and synaptic preservation buffers against Alzheimer's disease (AD) protein-related brain atrophy. We tested whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptic protein concentrations similarly moderate the effects of axonal injury, indexed via CSF neurofilament light [NfL], on brain atrophy in clinically normal adults.
Clinically normal older adults enrolled in the observational Hillblom Aging Network study at the UCSF Memory and Aging Center completed baseline lumbar puncture and longitudinal brain MRI (Mean scan [follow-up]=2.6 [3.7 years]). CSF was assayed for synaptic proteins (synaptotagmin-1, synaptosomal-associated protein 2 [SNAP-25], neurogranin, growth associated protein 43 [GAP-43]), axonal injury (NfL), and core AD biomarkers (ptau181/Aβ42 ratio; reflecting AD proteinopathy). Ten bilateral temporo-parietal gray matter ROIs shown to be sensitive to clinical AD were summed to generate a composite temporo-parietal ROI. Linear mixed-effects models tested statistical moderation of baseline synaptic proteins on baseline NfL-related temporo-parietal trajectories, controlling for ptau181/Aβ42 ratios.
Forty-six clinically normal older adults (Mean age=70; 43% female) were included. Synaptic proteins exhibited small to medium correlations with NfL (r range: .10 to .36). Higher baseline NfL, but not ptau181/Aβ42 ratios, predicted steeper temporo-parietal atrophy (NfL x time: β=-0.08, p<.001; ptau181/Aβ42 x time: β=-0.02, p=.31). SNAP-25, neurogranin, and GAP-43 significantly moderated NfL-related atrophy trajectories (-0.07≤βs≥-0.06, ps<.05) such that NfL was associated with temporo-parietal atrophy at high (more abnormal) but not low (more normal) synaptic protein concentrations. At high NfL concentrations, atrophy trajectories were 1.5 to 4.5 times weaker when synaptic protein concentrations were low (β range: -0.21 to -0.07) than high (β range: -0.33 to -0.30).
The association between baseline CSF NfL and longitudinal temporo-parietal atrophy is accelerated by synaptic dysfunction and buffered by synaptic integrity. Beyond AD proteins, concurrent examination of in vivo axonal and synaptic biomarkers may improve detection of neural alterations that precede overt structural changes in AD-sensitive brain regions.
Association of Contrast Enhancement After Reperfusion With Outcomes According to Blood Pressure Lowering in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.
trial registration information
Observational studies described associations between higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) values and intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) and worse outcomes after successful reperfusion by endovascular therapy (EVT). However, the BP-TARGET trial [BP-Target in Acute Ischemic Stroke to Reduce Hemorrhage after EVT] found that an intensive SBP target did not reduce ICH rates after successful EVT. The presence of contrast enhancement (CE) immediately after reperfusion is also associated with higher odds of ICH and worse outcomes. Our research question was to investigate the effect of two SBP strategies after reperfusion on ICH rates and functional outcomes according to the presence of CE in the BP-TARGET trial. We hypothesized that patients with CE could benefit from an intensive SBP control.
This study provides class IV evidence that for adults with contrast-enhancing lesions after successful EVT of an AIS, intensive blood pressure management did not significantly increase the risk of ICH.
Among the 324 patients randomized in BP-TARGET, 164 were included in this analysis, of whom 113 (68.9%) presented CE after reperfusion. The 24-hour mean SBP was significantly lower in the intensive SBP group compared with the standard group (129.7 versus 138.3 mmHg, p<0.001). Patients with CE and randomized in the intensive and standard SBP group had increased ICH rates: aOR=11.26, 95%CI 4.59-27.63 and aOR=4.08, 95%CI 1.75-9.50, respectively. However, the test of heterogeneity did not reach the significant level (aOR=2.76, 95%CI 0.80 to 9.48, p=0.11). Patients with CE and randomized in the intensive SBP group had also higher odds of unfavorable outcomes (aOR=2.91, 95%CI 1.24-6.82) but this association was not significant in the standard SBP group (aOR=1.89, 95%CI 0.85-4.23). No significant of heterogeneity was found between the two groups (aOR, 1.54, 95%CI 0.48 to 4.97, p=0.47).
Altogether, patients with CE and randomized in the intensive SBP group did not have lower rates of ICH or improved outcomes compared to the standard SBP group, as CE was associated with higher odds of ICH in both groups, without significant heterogeneity.
Risk Factors for Term-Born Periventricular White Matter Injury in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Case-Control Study.
The aim of this study was to identify possible risk factors associated with term born children with cerebral palsy (CP) and periventricular white matter injury (PVWMI) on imaging.
This is a case-controlled study restricted to term born children with CP with the cases extracted from the Canadian Cerebral Palsy Registry (CCPR) and controls from Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) Study. A diagnosis of PVWMI was made based on expert categorization of MRI reports. Risk factor variables were selected a priori; these included pregnancy complications, antenatal toxin exposure, perinatal infection, sex, small for gestational age, and perinatal adversity (i.e. neonatal encephalopathy presumably on the basis of intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia). We used multivariable analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
A total of 160 cases (7.06% of the registry sample) were compared to 1950 controls. Of the term born PVWMI participants, 59.4% were males and 13.5 % were born to mothers of extreme maternal age. Multivariable analysis of each risk factor controlled for weight showed PVWMI is associated with pregnancy complications (OR=3.35; 95% CI=2.23-4.94), antenatal toxin exposure (OR=2.45; 95% CI=1.67-3.55), perinatal infection (OR=3.61; 95% CI=1.96-6.29) and perinatal adversity (OR=2.03; 95% CI=1.42-2.94). Term born males were not more likely to have PVWMI compared to females (OR=1.37; 95% CI=0.98-1.93). Multiple regression analyses suggested independent associations between PVWMI and pregnancy complications (OR=3.75; 95% CI 2.46-5.62), antenatal toxin exposure (OR=2.80; 95% CI 1.88-4.12), perinatal infection (OR=4.62; 95% CI 2.46-8.42) and perinatal adversity (OR=2.49; 95% CI= 1.71-3.69).
Risk factors such as pregnancy complications, antenatal toxin exposure, perinatal infection as well as perinatal adversity are associated with PVWMI in term born children, suggesting perhaps variable interactions between antenatal and perinatal factors to yield this under-recognized CP phenotype.
Scalp Nerve Block, Local Anesthetic Infiltration, and Postoperative Pain After Craniotomy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.
Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
The most efficacious methods for controlling postoperative pain in craniotomy remain unknown. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were pe...
Effects of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide in Korean patients with epilepsy.
Many pharmacokinetic studies of lacosamide (LCM) have been reported, but no large-scale clinical study has been conducted on genetic polymorphisms that affect the metabolism of LCM. Therefore, we designed a pharmacogenetic study of LCM to explore the effect of genetic polymorphisms on serum LCM concentration. We evaluated the pharmacodynamic characteristics of LCM, including clinical efficacy and toxicity.
Adult patients with epilepsy who received LCM at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained from 115 patients taking LCM for more than 1 month with unchanged doses and were used to analyze the serum LCM concentration, the concentration/dose (C/D) ratio and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 and CYP2C19 genes. In addition, clinical information-including efficacy, toxicity, and concomitant drugs-was collected.
The serum LCM concentration showed a linear correlation with the daily dose (r = .66, p < .001). In genetic analysis, 43 patients (38.7%) were extensive metabolizers (EMs), 51 (45.9%) were intermediate metabolizers (IMs), and 17 (15.3%) were poor metabolizers (PMs). In the group comparison, mean serum concentrations and the C/D ratio showed significant differences between the three groups (p = .01 and p < .001, respectively). The C/D ratios of IM (27.78) and PM (35.6) were 13% and 39% higher than those of EM (25.58), respectively. In the pharmacodynamic subgroup analysis, patients in the ineffective LCM group had significantly lower serum concentrations (6.39 ± 3.25 vs. 8.44 ± 3.68 μg/ml, p = .024), whereas patients with adverse events had higher serum concentrations than those without adverse events (11.03 ± 4.32 vs. 7.4 ± 3.1 μg/ml, p < .001). Based on this, we suggest a reference range for LCM in the Korean population (6-9 μg/ml).
Genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene affect the serum LCM concentration. Because efficacy and toxicity are apparently related to serum LCM levels, the genetic phenotype of CYP2C19 should be considered when prescribing LCM for patients with epilepsy.
Differentiation of Fibroblasts Into Myofibroblasts in the Arachnoid Membrane of Moyamoya Disease.
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a very specific disorder in terms of spontaneous development of extracranial-to-intracranial collateral circulation through the dura mater, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the arachnoid membrane in this unique angiogenesis in MMD.
A piece of arachnoid membrane and 1- to 2-mL cerebrospinal fluid were simultaneously harvested during surgery from 26 patients with MMD. The specimens were also collected during surgery as the controls from 6 patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery diseases. The arachnoid membrane was subjected to immunohistochemistry and the cerebrospinal fluid was used to measure the concentration of cytokines using ELISA.
The number of cells positive for PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) α was significantly higher in MMD than in the controls (5.4±3.1 versus 2.3±2.1 cells/field; P=0.02). The results were same in PDGFRβ-positive cells (10.1±4.6 versus 4.8±2.8; P=0.01) and α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin)-positive cells (8.8±3.1 versus 2.0±2.5; P<0.01). On multicolor immunofluorescence, 80.5±15.6% of cells positive for PDGFRα in MMD also expressed α-SMA, being significantly higher than 14.6±7.2% in the controls (P<0.01). The density of collagen in the arachnoid membrane was significantly higher in MMD than in the controls (60.3±15.0% versus 40.1±15.3%; P<0.01). In MMD, advanced disease stage was significantly associated with a larger number of α-SMA-positive cells in the arachnoid membrane (P=0.04). On ELISA, the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 were significantly higher in MMD than in the controls.
Based on these findings, MMD may elevate the concentrations of angiogenic factors in the cerebrospinal fluid and then promote the proliferation of fibroblasts in the arachnoid membrane and their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which may, in turn, enhance the production of collagen essential for spontaneous collateral formation across the arachnoid membrane.
Tuberculosis and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
Conflicting results exist regarding the risk of ischemic stroke in tuberculosis survivors. We aimed to estimate the risk of ischemic stroke using a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort.
We gathered data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service on tuberculosis survivors and 1:1 age- and sex-matched non-tuberculosis cases. Eligible participants were followed up from 1 year after tuberculosis diagnosis to the date of ischemic stroke event, date of death, or until the end of the study period (December 31, 2018), whichever came first. Cox proportional hazard regression and stratified analyses were performed to identify any related factors.
During follow-up periods of 3.8 years for patients with tuberculosis and matched non-tuberculosis cases, 1.3% of patients with tuberculosis (941/72 863) and 1.0% of matched non-tuberculosis cases (707/72 863) developed ischemic stroke. The overall risk of ischemic stroke was higher in tuberculosis patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.22 [95% CI, 1.10-1.36]) compared with the matched non-tuberculosis cases. A stratified analysis showed that patients with tuberculosis had increased risk of ischemic stroke regardless of age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.
Tuberculosis survivors had a higher risk of ischemic stroke than their matched non-tuberculosis cases. The results of this study suggest that tuberculosis is a crucial infectious factor associated with increased incidence of ischemic stroke.
Fibrinogen Depletion Coagulopathy Predicts Major Bleeding After Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke: A Multicenter Study.
Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and major bleeding can be fatal complications of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the impact of early fibrinogen depletion after IVT on major bleeding events.
This multicenter observational prospective cohort study enrolled 1678 consecutive patients receiving IVT for acute ischemic stroke at 6 Italian centers, undergoing fibrinogen concentration assessment at baseline, 2 hours and 6 hours after IVT. Fibrinogen depletion was defined as a reduction below 200 mg/dL after 2 hours from IVT, or as a reduction below 50% of baseline fibrinogen levels after 2 hours from IVT. Main outcomes were (1) sICH (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke criteria) and (2) major bleeding defined as fatal bleeding, decrease in the hemoglobin level>2 g/dL/>1 unit transfusion, or bleeding at critical site. Additional outcomes were (1) any ICH, (2) any bleeding, (3) fatal ICH, and (4) sICH according to ECASSII definition. Good functional recovery was defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 3 months.
Overall, 1678 patients were included (mean age 72 years, 46% female). sICH (n=116) and major bleeding (n=297) were associated with lower rate of good functional recovery (P<0.001). Despite similar fibrinogen levels at admission, fibrinogen depletion after 2 hours from IVT was more common in people with sICH, major bleeding and all additional bleeding outcomes. In the backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression model, fibrinogen depletion remained a significant predictor of sICH (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.04-2.32]) and major bleeding (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03-1.8]). Thirty-one percent of sICH could be attributable to fibrinogen depletion. The association between fibrinogen depletion and worse clinical outcome at 3 months after stroke (P=0.012) was attributable to the higher risk of major bleeding/sICH.
Fibrinogen depletion significantly increases the risk of sICH and major bleeding after IVT for acute ischemic stroke. Fibrinogen depletion represents an independent risk factor for bleeding, and routine assessment could be considered to stratify the risk of ICH. Trials on early fibrinogen repletion are needed to investigate mitigation of bleeding risk.
Association of Time to Clinical Remission With Sustained Resolution in Children With New-Onset Infantile Spasms.
Standard therapies (ACTH, oral steroids, or vigabatrin) fail to control infantile spasms in almost half of children. Early identification of non-responders could enable rapid initiation of sequential therapy. We aimed to determine the time to clinical remission after appropriate infantile spasms treatment initiation and identify predictors of the time to infantile spasms treatment response.
The National Infantile Spasms Consortium prospectively followed children aged 2-24 months with new onset infantile spasms at 23 US centers (2012-2018). We included children treated with standard therapy (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), oral steroids, or vigabatrin). Sustained treatment response was defined as having the last clinically recognized infantile spasms on or before treatment day 14, absence of hypsarrhythmia on EEG 2-4 weeks post-treatment, and persistence of remission to day 30. We analyzed the time to treatment response and assessed clinical characteristics to predict sustained treatment response.
Among 395 infants, clinical infantile spasms remission occurred in 43% (n=171) within the first two weeks of treatment, of which 81% (138/171) responded within the first week of treatment. There was no difference in the median time to response across standard therapies (ACTH: median 4 days, interquartile range (IQR) 3-7; oral steroids: median 3 days, IQR 2-5; vigabatrin: median 3 days, IQR 1-6). Individuals without hypsarrhythmia on the pre-treatment EEG (i.e., abnormal but not hypsarrhythmia) were more likely to have early treatment response than infants with hypsarrhythmia at infantile spasms onset (hazard ratio 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.39-3.57). No other clinical factors predicted early responders to therapy.
Remission after first infantile spasms treatment can be identified by treatment day 7 in most children. Given the importance of early and effective treatment, these data suggest that children who do not respond to standard infantile spasms therapy within 1 week should be reassessed immediately for additional standard treatment. This approach could optimize outcomes by facilitating early sequential therapy for children with infantile spasms.