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Places of Interest: 7 Sights to Make You Want to Visit Bromma in Stockholm
Juraj Ország
Hey! 👋 I am a traveller 🎒, art-lover 🎨, and developer 👨💻. I enjoy exploring hidden corners of European cities and discovering curiosities related to both historical 🏛 and modern 🏙 sites. Classical art performances 🎻often brighten up my journeys.
In this episode of Places of interest, we explore the Bromma Borough in the western part of Stockholm. The places I show you in this post are spread out across the borough which makes it difficult to visit them all at once. However, I believe they are all worth seeing so even if you are not staying in Bromma or do not feel like having a several-hour-long walk, you can always come to Bromma several times.
Historically speaking, Bromma sits quite far from the centre of Stockholm. Therefore, it has never been a place where there would be many state administrative buildings or noble residences. Even centuries ago, some individuals preferred living outside of the city rush and a few of them could also afford to build a castle of their own. That is why you can visit a number of castles in Bromma still today. While some of them are more impressive than others, all of them certainly have interesting stories to tell.
Let's begin our tour of Bromma right at its shores closest to the city. You are most likely to arrive in Bromma by car or by metro. No matter which of these modes of transportation you choose, you will get to see beautiful shores on both sides when crossing Tranebergsbron ('The Traneberg Bridge') from the Kungsholmen Island. If you look south, this is where you find the first attraction I want to show you, which is a great introduction to the character of the entire borough.
1. Alviks strand ('Alvik's Beach')
Just like in many parts of Bromma, at Alviks strand you get to enjoy the best of nature only metres from all the benefits a big city like Stockholm offers. The path that starts at this beach near Alvik continues along the edge and then takes you virtually as far to the inner parts of the borough as you let it. Seriously, thanks to the extensive grid of paths stretching across Bromma, there are no limits to how long your weekend walk can be.
2. Ulvsunda Castle (Ulvsunda slott)
Now, strolling around without a clear destination in mind is certainly nice but after a while, you might want to explore a piece of history instead. Ulvsunda Castle is one of the former residences of distinguished individuals who decided to spend their days away from the city where all the nobles where building their impressive palaces.
The castle was built in 1647 by one of the outstanding Swedish generals from the Thirty Years' War, Lennart Torstensson. Remember that the Thirty Years' War marks the beginning of the era of the Swedish Empire which means that the social status of the generals was pretty high at the time.
The castle was renovated in the 1970s and has since been used as an educational and conference centre and a hotel.
3. Brommahöjden
In contrast to the previous place, Brommahöjden is a very modern attraction. The apartment house standing in the heart of Bromma, overlooking Brommaplan, was completed in 2008. It is one of many notable examples of modern architecture in Stockholm, though Bromma is commonly known as a place with older buildings that do not particularly stand out. This 16-floor building was nominated for Stockholm's Building of the Year Award in 2010.
4. Åkeshov Castle (Åkeshovs slott)
Åkeshov Castle is a 17th-century castle located near Judarskogen Nature Preserve. The property was owned by several noble families over the centuries but it is named after Åke Axelsson Natt och Dag who had the original castle built in 1640. Similar to Ulvsunda Castle we have visited previously, it served multiple social purposes during the 20th century before it was acquired by a private company and turned into a hotel and conference centre in the 1980s.
5. Judarskogen Nature Preserve (Judarskogens naturreservat)
Judarskogen Nature Preserve is the first and largest nature preserve in Stockholm founded in 1995. It is located right next to Åkeshov Castle and stretches around the Lake Judarn. Judarskogen is a well-preserved and tranquil natural area right in the city with a diverse fauna. You will be especially impressed if you are interested in amphibians that live in the wetlands in the northern part of the preserve or if you like bird watching as you can spot quite a few species between the trees in the southern part of Judarskogen. You are also free to enjoy some barbecue, have a walk or a jog there, though.
6. Ljunglöf Castle (Ljunglöfska slottet)
Photo: Holger.Ellgaard – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39347819
Ljunglöf Castle is named after its original owner Knut Ljunglöf, the 'King of snus' (snuskungen), who bought the land under the building in 1861. Afterwards, he had the castle built in the 1890s. The castle was luxuriously furnished right from its early days when it used to be somewhat smaller than today. The orangery was added to the castle before it was sold to Freemasons. In the modern day, it is once again used primarily as a conference centre.
7. Bromma Church (Bromma kyrka)
If there is a single attraction in Bromma that you should absolutely not miss, it is the Bromma Church. This unusual round church and one of the oldest buildings that still stand in the Swedish capital was originally built in the late 12th century as a fortress church. You will quickly notice that it is not made of red bricks as most other churches in Sweden but instead features a unique white façade made of stone where the parts with exposed stones in the exterior are the oldest ones. The church and its furnishing have been altered many times since it was built but it is still considered one of the prettiest churches in the Stockholm County.
These are some of the most interesting places in Bromma in Western Stockholm. If you are not familiar with Stockholm, note that the Bromma Airport is located right in the borough so if you are lucky and have a flight there, you can literally be in your room at one of the castle hotels in a few minutes. Otherwise, you can still get there in around 20 minutes from the Central Station, so no worries.
Bromma is also known as the "garden city" because the city residents used to have their allotment huts and summer houses in this area. These picturesque neighbourhoods hidden among the numerous small forests and nature preserves are definitely worth seeing, too.
Make sure to stay in touch by signing up for our newsletter below and we will share our best content with you weekly so that you can keep exploring the most interesting places around you.
Photo: Holger.Ellgaard – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link
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Explore 🧐 Places From the Post You Just Read
Lake JudarnThe Lake Judarn is a small lake in the middle of Judarskogen Nature PreserveJudarskogen Nature PreseThe Judarskogen Nature Preserve is a unique natural area in Bromma, Stockholm where you can enjoy untouched nature year-round.Åkeshovs SlottThe Åkeshov Castle was built in 1640 by Marshal of the Realm Åke Axelsson Natt och Dag after whom it is named. It has been owned by several noble families during the centuries. Today there is a conference centre and a hotel opened in 1988.Bromma Church Bromma Church from the 12th century is one of the oldest buildings in Stockholm. It is also one of only three fortress churches in the Swedish capital, which originally served as both defence and religious structures.KungsholmenKungsholmen in one of the more modern boroughs in inner Stockholm. The architecture from the late 19th and early 20th century, together with a number of beautiful waterfront promenades and parks, create a unique environment for locals and visitors alike.BrommaBromma is a borough located in western Stockholm which used to be known as the 'garden city' for it is the place where many Stockholmers had their recreational houses. Today, it is still a place with plentiful greenery and a number of nature preserves. Ulvsunda CastleUlvsunda Castle (Ulvsunda Slott) is a 17th-century noble residence built by Field Marshal Lennart Torstenson, a war hero from the Thirty Years' War. The modern-day design of the structure comes primarily from the first half of the 19th century, however.


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The SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon (Hornet) is a French helicopter built in the late 1950s. Intended to serve as a multirole helicopter for the French Army, Air Forces and Navy, two prototypes were built and flown before the project was dropped in favour of the SA 3210 Super Frelon.

Design and development

The SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon was a heavy helicopter designed to equip the French Armed Forces, replacing the Sikorsky S-58 built under license by SNCASE (Société nationale des constructions aéronautiques du Sud-Est).

The specifications called for an aircraft  of less than 5 tonnes gross weight. The prototypes were powered by three  Turbomeca Turmo IIIB 750/800 shp turbines to avoid all risk of engine failure: production aircraft were to have used the 1000 hp Turmo IIC. The engines drove a single four blade rotor.

Fuel was held in two large external tanks having a capacity of 1100 liters each. This left the fuselage clear for large loads. The rear fuselage was a swing-tailed unit, which opened to provide clear entry for payloads such as vehicles.
The Frelon was able to carry light vehicles, up to 24 fully equipped troops, or 15 stretchers and two attendants if used as an air ambulance. It was equipped with a fixed tricycle landing gear.

Only two prototypes were built, the first one flying on 10 June 1959 at Paris – Le Bourget Airport.

Specifications

See also

References

1950s French helicopters
Frelon
Three-turbine helicopters
Aircraft first flown in 1959

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A shot in the dark here but I have a music video I remember but can't remember the band name or the song name and you guys are probably the best ones to ask, I think the video even got shared here back in the day?
The singer from the band was walking through a town and every girl that showed an interest in him had an accident, the one that I remember best is the girl in the coffee shop and the coffee machine blows up and kills her, I seem to remember that one girl was knocked down and another ended up in the canal. Anybody have any idea who the band may have been and what the song was? I possibly didn't even like it but the video was good!
There is only one problem with the younger generation. Many of us no longer belong to it!


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Acziun Susch › Co-productions & Residencies › Agata Maszkiewicz 'SAME SAME AND DIFFERENT'
Agata Maszkiewicz SAME SAME AND DIFFERENT
/ co-production residency
ACZIUN SUSCH is delighted to welcome Polish choreographer Agata Maszkiewicz for a residency leading up to the creation of her new performance in co-production with Art Stations Foundation CH and Culturescapes Festival 2019/ Polen, Basel.
The initial idea for Agata's new work came from a quote by Roland Barthes: A frequent image: that of the ship Argo (luminous and white), each piece of which the Argonauts gradually replaced, so that they ended with an entirely new ship, without having to alter either its name or its form.
In the process of SAME SAME AND DIFFERENT, together with two other performers, Olivier Normand and Vincent Tirmarche, Agata Maszkiewicz is going to engage the image of the Argo boat by applying that metaphor to the theatre space. The artists will become Argonauts, embarking on the "Argo-boat-show", gradually replacing all of the possible elements of the performance (light, music, bodies, dance, text etc.). The title of the work is a reference to a Thai saying: same same but different(Q: "Is this a real …?" A: "Yes, sir, same same but different") –in a humorous way it explains the idea at play: the same same show that contains many different beginnings, middles and endings…
The principle of replacement opens vast possibilities of playing with genres, aesthetics, movement qualities and music styles, finding their place in the same piece. One after another or simultaneously, these are creating surprising combinations. Questioning the audience's notion of taste and habits, their abilities of creating sense and resistance to the vertigo of accumulations are challenged.
While in residency with ACZIUN SUSCH, Agata Maszkiewicz and Vincent Tirmarche will spend time re-visiting their research material, writing texts and developing the dramaturgy for the show. The first public presentation of the project –a lecture-performance based on their research- will be part of Culturescapes Festival in Basel and is scheduled for 24 November. Agata will also be present with her work within "Who's afraid of (Polish) choreography?", a performance weekend at Muzeum Suschon 28–30 November 2019. The premiere of the performance is scheduled for 26 March 2020 at Mars planète danse festival in Cognac, France.
Agata Maszkiewicz graduated from the Institute of Dance Arts at the Anton Bruckner Privatuniversität, Linz, Austria. She continued her education in Montpellier, at Centre Choreographique National, in the ex.e.r.ceprogramme under Xavier Le Roy. She is interested in dance in the wider sense, understood as organized movement (not necessarily only of human bodies). Her point of reference is social reality, which she tries to transform on stage: sometimes poetically and sometimes comically. For this reason, Austrian critic Helmut Ploebst has dubbed her "a socio-critical choreographer". Agata Maszkiewicz is based in France and regularly collaborates with Art Stations Foundation by Grażyna Kulczyk which co-produced all of her internationally acclaimed performances.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Elizabeth had lived with the emptiness and social embarrassment of not being able to bear a child. Despite her sincere pleas to God, it may have seemed that her prayers were unheard. As a result, she felt disgraced in her society.
What do we do with a feeling of disgrace or shame that is undeserved? Elizabeth felt disgraced in spite of the fact that she and her husband were "righteous in the sight of God" (Luke 1:6). It is hard enough to suffer when we are guilty, but there is an extra intensity to suffering when we could not have acted differently.
Of course, if we have behaved badly, it's appropriate to have a sense of guilt and to accept the consequences of our actions. Then, in Christ, we can be forgiven. The good news of Jesus promises that if we are guilty, we can turn to God, confess our sins, and be confident that he will forgive.
Jesus came to undo all the damages of sin, whether they are deserved or not. In the case of Elizabeth, the damage of undeserved shame was lifted from her. She would now be blessed with a son who would pave the way for the Messiah!
Jesus came to set things right. In Christ, God forgives the sins we have committed, and he lifts the damage that sin has caused not only to people who have been hurt in spite of their innocence but even to those who deserve it. Thanks be to God!
Lord Jesus, thank you for coming to undo the damages that sin has done in this world. Thank you for this beautiful story of healing and grace. Amen.


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Posted April 6, 2016 by Drew Bagay in Comics
5 Essential Stories of The Punisher
For a long time, the Punisher has had a hard time breaking into mainstream superhero culture. Despite having three full-length movies, somehow his popularity has not reached the same level as other Marvel household names such as Captain America or Iron Man.
After Marvel Studios reacquired the Punisher's rights back, the character was stuck in limbo for a while in terms of live action appearances. But the recent release of the second season of Marvel's Daredevil saw Frank Castle's much awaited debut in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. And in light of the positive response he's getting, we'd like to celebrate his successful debut with five recommended comic book stories for people looking for some more punishment.
From: Born #1-4
Born tells the tale of Frank Castle's time as a Marine fighting in the Vietnam War. Garth Ennis teamed up with Darick Robertson (who would later team up again for The Boys) to explore the Castle's state of mind during the war, suggesting that Castle genuinely enjoys war and killing way before he even became the Punisher. The story further implies that Castle is an unhinged psychopath to the point where he hears voices in his head (implied as the Devil himself).
It's an interesting look on the ruthlessness of Frank Castle in the battlefield and the horrors of war. And Born's success eventually led to Garth Ennis' critically acclaimed MAX run on the character, which is regarded as one of the best Punisher runs in the character's history.
WELCOME BACK, FRANK
From: The Punisher (2000) #1-12
It's important to note that before "Welcome Back, Frank" hit the shelves, the Punisher's popularity was starting to decline which led to Marvel resorting to cheap gimmicks. Due to poor sales, Marvel canceled his ongoing series by making the Punisher commit suicide and then later be resurrected into a supernatural angel of death battling demons.
So when Garth Ennis came on board, he took the series back to a more grounded reality. Joined by Steve Dillon, the creative team brought the Punisher back to what he does best – killing crime families. "Welcome Back, Frank" stands out from the previous runs due to Ennis incorporating a good deal of humor and campiness (i.e. Frank punching a polar bear) to the series while still maintaining Frank's grit and brutality. As a result, the series revitalized the Punisher to a new generation of readers, making him a top character in the Marvel Universe again.
Finally, the rooftop scene between Daredevil and Punisher in the TV series was based on one of the issues in this story arc.
CIRCLE OF BLOOD
From: The Punisher (1986) #1-5
Before the Punisher became one of the more popular characters in Marvel, he actually started out as a one-off villain in Amazing Spider-Man #129. The character proved to be a hit with readers and subsequently started appearing in other titles at the time.
But what brought the Punisher to mainstream success was when Steven Grant and Mike Zeck took on the character in his own miniseries.
Violent and gritty, "Circle of Blood" marked the shift of mainstream comics to a more mature and darker style of storytelling that would be so associated with '80s comics. It transformed Frank Castle into the criminal killing machine that we know him as today. And thanks to its success, the Punisher got his own ongoing solo title.
THE SLAVERS
From: The Punisher (2004) #25-30
Garth Ennis' entire MAX run is outstanding all throughout, and definitely serves as recommended reading when it comes to the Punisher. The self-contained stories definitely are one of its greatest assets, meaning the rest of the Marvel heroes are non-existent in that world, being in the MAX imprint after all. As a result, Ennis was able to go all in on the violence and the themes he touched upon, which would be impossible in the main Marvel continuity.
In "The Slavers," the Punisher discovers a huge sex slavery ring after saving a woman from attempted rape. And you can guess where it went to from there. The story tackles on a lot of delicate issues about human trafficking and other disturbing themes, and more importantly, it's a fascinating look on what makes the Punisher tick.
It's deep, emotional and dramatic, things that one wouldn't probably expect in a Punisher book. "The Slavers" is a testament to how strong a writer Ennis can be when he wants to.
From: PunisherMAX #1-5
After Garth Ennis left the Punisher it only lasted for about 15 issues before it got cancelled. While subsequent writers tried to emulate the violence and grit, it never lived up to the way Ennis handled the character. Then in 2010, a new series featuring writer Jason Aaron titled PunisherMAX debuted. And once again, Frank Castle is back on the streets.
Aaron's main goal was to incorporate more traditional Marvel characters into the story as opposed to strictly limiting the Punisher's enemies to crime organizations in Ennis' MAX run. The first arc sees the establishment of the Kingpin of Crime to urban legend status, drawing the attention of Frank Castle. Wilson Fisk does appear and ends up being the main villain of the whole series, but Castle is uncertain whether the Kingpin really does exist or not.
With Steve Dillon on art, Aaron's PunisherMAX brought the violence, dark humor, and the nihilistic tendencies that were present in Ennis' run while also making it his own. This arc (and the entire run) serves as a love letter to fans of Ennis' series.
featured. Garth Ennis Jason Aaron Marvel Marvel Comics MIKE ZECK Punisher Steve Dillon Steven Grant
Drew Bagay
Drew is a lover of comic books, movies, and all things pop culture. He enjoys crime/thriller/noir fiction, playing the guitar, and taking long walks. He also doesn't like talking in third person.
More articles by Drew Bagay »
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Producer Mic C Drops New Music
Mic C. is an outstanding up and coming producer who has a great passion for creating music. Out of Williamsburg, Virginia, the young musician is looking to turn some heads as he continues to drop new tracks. Our TapSongz Team first became interested in Mic C.'s music when we heard his single "Peyton Manning". The track is extremely catchy and the production is smooth and on point. Each verse flows so elegantly with one set of rhymes and rapping to the next. The project turned out great and we encourage you all to give it a listen below!
A brand new track was recently released titled "I'm Gone" by Mon, which was produced by Mic C. and Mon. The track is nearly four minutes and will have you bobbing your head instantly, swaying side to side along with the rhythm. With a mixture of band instruments in the background along with piano, the song was produced very well. Mic C.'s production skills are only improving and we already can't wait to hear his next project!
Definitely be sure to give Mic C.'s music a listen on SoundCloud as you will not be disappointed. He is an amazing producer with a great deal of motivation and we look forward to seeing and hearing what he can accomplish in the coming months. Toss him a follow on Twitter to stay updated with his latest releases and follow his journey. Here at TapSongz, we thank you for reading this feature article as we continue finding tomorrow's greatest music today!
Eric Rustad


The records of organizations whose operations are substantially controlled by the Kansas Board of Regents or any state educational institution shall be public records and an annual audit is required in accordance with K.S.A. 76-721. In Addition, the Kansas Board of Regents requires an additional review of university controlled and non-controlled affiliated corporations.
If a contract is entered into with a corporation whose operations are substantially controlled by the Board or any state educational institution, such contract shall provide that the books and records of such corporation shall be public record. In accordance with K.S.A. 76-721, an annual audit by an independent certified public accountant is required of the books and records of the corporation.
The Kansas Board of Regents requires an additional review by the University Internal Audit Department to review university controlled affiliated corporations, including a review of the IRS form 990 for each such corporation, with a focus on potential conflicts of interest and transactions between the university and university controlled affiliated corporations. The scope of the independent certified public accountant of non-controlled affiliated corporations is to include identification of actual or potential conflicts of interest involving unrestricted, non-public funds under the authority or direction of the university CEO or the CEO's direct subordinates. The state university CEO shall request that such review include an examination of fund transfers and other transactions between and among the university, its affiliated corporations, and external entities reported on statements of substantial interest forms, and that the university non-controlled affiliated corporation share a report of each such review with the President and CEO of the Board.
The affiliated controlled and non-controlled corporation is responsible for employing an independent certified public accountant to conduct an annual audit of the books and records. Six copies of each annual audit is to be submitted to the Kansas State University Internal Audit Office 214 Anderson Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-0118. The Internal Audit Office will distribute copies of the audit to the Kansas Board of Regents, University Vice President for Administration and Finance and the Division of Financial Services. A copy of each university controlled corporation audit will also be sent to the Legislative Division of Post Audit.
The university affiliated controlled or non-controlled corporation is to negotiate the annual audit contract to employ the independent certified public accountant. The certified public auditor is to be changed at least every three years. An agreement with a different partner of the previous audit firm constitutes a change of the auditors and is acceptable on the condition that the audit is conducted solely by a totally new group of professionals. This change in auditors is a good audit practice and will provide a different audit approach or at least a different group of auditors every three years.
Questions are to be directed to the Internal Audit Office, telephone number (785)532-7308.


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Announcing a new retail partnership with the internationally-renowned concept shop, featuring a special lighting installation by Michael Anastassiades.
FLOS is proud to announce a new retail partnership with 10 Corso Como, the prestigious, global concept shop that opened its doors in New York on September 7, 2018. The 28,000-square foot space, which is the first U.S. location for 10 Corso Como, features an expertly curated combination of luminescent fixtures for sale from FLOS and hosts a special, temporary installation of Michael Anastassiades' Arrangements.
10 Corso Como is a pioneering concept store and unique retail destination with the radical experience of a "virtual 3D magazine." Fusing culture and commerce in a single place, 10 Corso Como is centered around an experiential lifestyle. Founder Carla Sozzani opened the first 10 Corso Como in Milan in 1991, and has since expanded to major cities including Seoul, Shanghai, Beijing and now, New York.
A curated selection of FLOS Products, including Snoopy, Taccia, IC Lights, Extra T and Arrangements are available for purchase through 10 Corso Como New York, along with other designs from the Home Collection.
On display at 10 Corso Como New York is a temporary installation of FLOS & Michael Anastassiades' Arrangements: a series of interwoven modules, resulting in three works of lighting art as hanging sculptures throughout the space, each as a commentary on the relationship between pendant lighting and pendant jewelry. A small column, large column and curtain of LED fixtures illuminates a corner of the store, adding to the dramatic, extraordinary interior.


The children of first class had a wonderful day today. The sun shone on them as they made their way to the community playground for a morning of fun activities. They would like to thank those parents who volunteered to accompany them to the park.


The legal issues facing startup companies can be complex. Even though time and money may be in short supply during the early stages of a company's existence, this can be a crucial time to get the company's legal affairs in order so that it is ready to grow, take on investors, or sell when the time is right. We understand the challenges and constraints that startup companies face, and are experienced in guiding clients through formation and early-stage issues in an effective and efficient way while being responsive to the needs of creative, fast-growing businesses in intensely competitive industries.
Licensing and other agreements with employees and contractors.


Mike talks to Republican pollster and political analyst Kristen Soltis Anderson. Ms. Anderson is co-founder of the research and analytics firm Echelon Insights, a contributor at ABC News, a Washington Examiner columnist, a regular guest on shows like Morning Joe, Fox News Sunday, and Real Time with Bill Maher, author of The Selfie Vote: Where Millennials Are Leading America (And How Republicans Can Keep Up), and the co-host of The Pollsters, a bipartisan weekly podcast.
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"""Pack the parameters into a single vector."""
"""Base class for MLP classification and regression.
Warning: This class should not be used directly.
"""Extract the coefficients and intercepts from packed_parameters."""
of the neurons in the hidden layers and the output layer.
This function does backpropagation for the specified one layer.
with respect to the different parameters given in the initialization.
A vector comprising the flattened coefficients and intercepts.
warnings.warn("Got `batch_size` less than 1 or larger than "
raise ValueError("nesterovs_momentum must be either True or False,"
raise ValueError("early_stopping must be either True or False,"
raise ValueError("validation_fraction must be >= 0 and < 1, "
raise ValueError("n_iter_no_change must be > 0, got %s."
raise ValueError("The activation '%s' is not supported. Supported "
raise ValueError("The solver %s is not supported. "
msg = ("Validation score did not improve more than "
msg = ("Training loss did not improve more than tol=%f"
"Stochastic Optimizer: Maximum iterations (%d) "
"reached and the optimization hasn't converged yet."
"""Fit the model to data matrix X and target(s) y.
self : returns a trained MLP model.
"""Update the model with a single iteration over the given data.
raise AttributeError("partial_fit is only available for stochastic"
" optimizers. %s is not stochastic."
The decision function of the samples for each class in the model.
returns f(x) = 1 / (1 + exp(-x)).
- 'lbfgs' is an optimizer in the family of quasi-Newton methods.
- 'sgd' refers to stochastic gradient descent.
L2 penalty (regularization term) parameter.
time step 't' using an inverse scaling exponent of 'power_t'.
except in a multilabel setting.
sparse scipy arrays of floating point values.
raise ValueError("warm_start can only be used where `y` has "
"the same classes as in the previous "
raise ValueError("`y` has classes not in `self.classes_`."
Classes across all calls to partial_fit.
target vector of the entire dataset.
and can be omitted in the subsequent calls.
Note that y doesn't need to contain all labels in `classes`.
" optimizer. %s is not stochastic"
"""Return the log of probability estimates.
model, where classes are ordered as they are in `self.classes_`.
"""Predict using the multi-layer perceptron model.


text:
PH Internet speed rises 7 notches for fixed, 4 for mobile in Global Rankings
The Marcos administration welcomed anew increases in internet download speeds in both fixed broadband and mobile for the Philippines by Ookla Speedtest Global Index's July 2022 report.
The country's fixed broadband median speed increased to 75.62Mbps from 68.94Mbps registered the month before. Average download speed for fixed broadband clocked in at 102.93Mbps.
Mobile median speed also increased as the country yielded a download speed of 22.56Mbps from 21.41Mbps the month before. Average download speed for mobile clocked in at 52.33Mbps.
The increases in download speed improved the country's global rank in fixed broadband by seven notches and four notches in mobile.
The Philippines now ranks 46th out of 182 countries for fixed broadband and 84th out of 140 countries for mobile.
Streamlined and quicker issuance of LGU permits enabling telcos to fast-track building infrastructure (cellular towers and fiber optic network) needed in boosting services and connectivity contributed significantly in improving internet speed.
Such measures are also in full support to President Marcos' plans to accelerate the build-up of digital infrastructure in the country.
The Q1 2023 deployment of Elon Musk's Starlink's broadband service in the country is also expected to improve internet speeds further.
Aimed at connecting geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas, the service offers high speed low latency satellite internet service with download speed between 100Mbps to 200Mbps.
Filipinos from remote areas will soon have access to education, health services, and online banking and other digital needs.
The steady monthly improvement in internet speed is an essential part of fulfilling President Marcos' marching orders to improve connectivity and e-governance in the country.
Kaspersky Endpoint Detection/Response Expert receives highest possible rating in SE Labs test
Every 2 in 3 Southeast Asia businesses are ransomware victims, Kaspersky study finds
Celebrities, guests from the media, and partners have been gathered in an overnight event at Taal Vista Hotel Tagaytay to experience the toughness of the new HONOR X9a 5G.
"To see is to believe, that's why we came up with this launch that really puts HONOR X9a 5G's toughness to the test. Our guests have seen first-hand how durable our new phone is and we are very confident that the activities we laid out for have showcased the top-of-the-line performance of HONOR X9a 5G," said Stephen Cheng, HONOR Philippines Vice President for Marketing.
During the afternoon festivities, guests were challenged to participate in games that highlighted HONOR X9a 5G's top specs such as shooting its screen with a toy gun and in a paired drop test where one has to throw and the other catches. A selfie area in front of Taal also brings out the best in HONOR X9a 5G's super triple camera capturing the crisp and accurate colors of the famous volcano. The viral phone has also withstood the outdoor badminton and smash challenges.
HONOR X9a 5G Specs
Sporting a 120Hz Premium OLED Curved Display, the HONOR X9a 5G brings users a large screen of 6.67-inch with an impressive screen-to-body ratio of 93%, guaranteeing an immersive viewing experience for all your favorite content.
An ultra-large 5100mAh battery in a compact body awaits you too. So far, the HONOR X9a 5G is the thinnest and lightest smartphone to feature a battery larger than 5000mAh, which allows it to support up to 2 days of daily use for a truly uninterrupted user experience. With just 30 minutes of charging, the HONOR X9a 5G delivers 12.5 hours of video streaming, sparing users from having to worry about their battery.
Designed for a style conscious audience, the HONOR X9a 5G is available in two stunning colors: Titanium Silver and Emerald Green. Starting from January 20 to February 3, the HONOR X9a 5G will be available to purchase via all HONOR kiosks and partner online stores – Lazada (http://bit.ly/3XHFPIC), Shopee (http://bit.ly/3XzEfrS), Tiktok Shop (http://bit.ly/3kfHhTS), and Home Credit.
HONOR fans can finally avail the HONOR X9a 5G via Home Credit, for as low as Php 661 per month with insurance, Php 765 without insurance, and on a 0% interest installment payment.
HONOR X9a 5G is priced at P16,990 with FREE HONOR Earbuds X3 Lite worth P3,999.
For more information and announcements, you may visit HONOR's website www.hihonor.com or social media platforms: Facebook (Facebook.com/HonorPhilippines), Instagram (Instagram.com/honorphilippines/) and TikTok: (Tiktok.com/@honorphilippines).
More than half of top-tier managers (62%) admit that a miscommunication with the IT department or IT security team has resulted in at least one cybersecurity incident in their organizations.
In terms of personal attitudes, the majority of non-IT executives cited a diminished sense of cooperation between different teams (34%) and said this situation makes them question their colleagues' skills and abilities when communication with their IT-security employees was unclear (33%).
The recent Forrester analytics survey says that companies spend an average of 37 days and $2.4 million to detect and recover from a cybersecurity breach. To determine how much mutual understanding between executives and information security teams affects a company's cyber resilience, Kaspersky conducted a global survey of more than 1,300 business leaders.
According to the results of the study, 98% of non-IT respondents experienced miscommunications regarding IT security. With regards to consequences, most often a breakdown in communications leads to serious project delays (67%) and cybersecurity incidents (62%). Almost one-third of respondents (30% and 27% respectively) even said that they had even encountered these issues more than once. Among other negative effects are a wasted budget, the loss of a valued employee and deteriorating relationships between teams –situations that occurred to 61% of respondents.
In addition to worsening business indicators, unclear communication with IT-security employees also affects the emotional state of the team and makes executives question IT-security employees' skills and abilities. Also, 28% executives admit that misunderstandings make them lose confidence in the business' safety and 26% of them find this situation makes them nervous, which affects their work performance.
"Clear communication between a company's executives and IT security management is a prerequisite for corporate business security," comments Alexey Vovk, Head of Information Security at Kaspersky.
"The challenge here is to put oneself in the others' position, to anticipate and prevent serious misunderstandings. This means that, on the one hand, CISOs should know the basic business language to better explain the existing risks and need for safety measures. On the other hand, a business should also understand that information security in the 21st century is an integral part of business and budgeting for it is an investment in protecting company assets," adds Vovk.
To make the communication between IT security and business functions within the company more transparent, Kaspersky recommends the following:
Understanding professionals from another sphere requires not only empathy but also additional knowledge. While IT security workers could get more information about basic business terms and concepts in various training courses, non-IT executives have an opportunity to walk in a CISO's shoes to get insights on the most relevant IT security challenges.
Both IT and non-IT managers should not lock themselves in a professional "information bubble". Staying aware of the agenda in both the business and cybersecurity worlds is another key to successful communication and mutual understanding between them.
Cybersecurity specialists should use reliable and understandable arguments when communicating their needs to the board and justifying their cybersecurity budget. Use information about the threats and security measures most relevant to your particular industry and company size to prove the probability of risks and the protective measures needed. Resources such as IT Security Calculator and reports based on experts' observations can significantly ease this task.
Today when cyber threats are becoming more and more relevant and companies are forced to increase their information security budgets, it's extremely important to allocate cybersecurity investments to tools with proven efficacy and ROI. This means tools that lower the level of false positives and reduce the time of attack detection, the time spent per case, and other metrics are important to any IT security team.
The full report and more insights on communications issues between C-level and IT security managers are available via the link.
WIKO to release Huawei-developed smartphones
January 2, 2023 5:46 p.m.
A few days ago, the French technology brand WIKO made its debut on Weibo, and its China official website was launched simultaneously.
According to the teasers, last December 27, WIKO release its flagship phone in China, which not only supports 5G, but also a device thats equipped with Harmony OS, with a 108-megapixel main camera, 66W super-fast charging and other familiar configurations.
The new flagship–WIKO 5G, uses a 6.78-inch 120Hz high-refresh screen, equipped with a Snapdragon 695 processor, a rear-mounted 108megapixel main camera + 8-megapixel ultra-wide-angle + 2-megapixel macro + 2-megapixel depth-of-field lens, and the front camera is 16 million pixels, built-in 4000mAh battery.
It uses a 2.0GHz Octa Core CPU processor using a Qualcomm Snapdragon 695 5G chipset, an Adreno 619 graphics processor paired with 8GB of RAM, 128GB/256GB of internal memory and runs on the HarmonyOS operating system.
Equipped with 4 rear cameras, Quad Camera with LED flash consisting of
Main camera, 108 megapixel resolution, Samsung HM2 sensor, aperture f / 1.9, 1 / 1.52) and PDAF system
The second camera, Ultra Wide lens, 8 megapixel resolution, f / 2.2 aperture
3rd camera, depth lens, 2 megapixel resolution, f / 2.4 aperture
3rd camera, macro lens, 2 megapixel resolution, f / 2.4 aperture
According to reports, WIKO is officially licensed to release smartphones developed by Huawei technology. WIKO is a local mobile phone brand in France. Later, the mobile phone business of this brand was jointly acquired by Tianyin Holdings and Dongguan Financial Holdings. In addition, WIKO took the second place in the French mobile phone market in 2014, second only to Samsung in terms of local market share.


text:
Home » What's News » Weekly Commentary » Tax Appeal Court Strikes Down Honolulu's "Residential A"
Tax Appeal Court Strikes Down Honolulu's "Residential A"
In 2013, Honolulu established a new property tax classification for residential property (1) valued at over $1 million and (2) for which the home exemption was not taken. Honolulu set the tax rate for this classification, called "Residential A," 70% higher than the tax rate for other residential property. Earlier this year, a member of the City's 2014 Real Property Tax Advisory Commission, Schuyler "Lucky" Cole, who was represented by Ray Kamikawa, who happened to chair that Commission, sued in Tax Appeal Court to attack the legality and constitutionality of the Residential A classification – and recently won.
In court, Cole's side argued that the Residential A classification was illegal for four reasons, and the Tax Appeal Court agreed with all four of them.
Cole argued that the classification was illegal because the property tax ordinance classifies property according to its highest and best use, but the two triggers for Residential A – valuation over $1 million and no home exemption – are not based on use. Valuation of a property has nothing to do with how it is used. And, because use of the property is determined by what it is used for rather than who is using it, the home exemption has nothing to do with use either. This problem could be fixed through careful rewording of the ordinance, but then there are also constitutional problems.
Cole argued that the classification ran afoul of three protections that the U.S. Constitution, and, to some extent, the Hawaii Constitution, provide under the Commerce Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and the Privileges and Immunities Clause.
The Commerce Clause states that the Congress has the power to regulate commerce, but the courts have held that limitations are placed on the States' taxing powers even when the Congress doesn't explicitly regulate. One limitation is that taxes can't discriminate against commerce from citizens of other states and countries.
The Equal Protection Clause limits the power of the government, at both the federal and state levels, so that it may not impose taxation that unequally burdens persons or property of the same class (although the government may make certain classifications if it has a rational basis for doing so).
The Privileges and Immunities Clause says that a citizen of one state cannot be forced to pay taxes in another state that are heavier than those imposed on that state's own citizens. Thus, no discrimination against out-of-state Americans is allowed.
Cole's argument is, basically, that the Residential A classification was intended to penalize wealthy people from other states and countries who are buying up Hawaii property and, in the process, appear to be driving up the cost of housing for our locals to unbearable levels. If a tax discriminates against nonresidents or foreigners just because they are nonresidents or foreigners, these constitutional problems arise. The City argued very strongly that the tax ordinance is written to be neutral and in fact applies to locals, like Mr. Cole. But one critical point emerged in the Tax Appeal Court hearing: Residential A status depends on the lack of a home exemption, and there is no way a nonresident can qualify for a home exemption. The City pointed out that home or homestead exemptions appear in 48 states, and argued that they couldn't possibly be unconstitutional. The Tax Appeal Court seemed to disagree.
It may be too late for Honolulu property owners to contest their property tax classifications for this year – the deadline was September 30th – but we expect further developments in the case this and next year. Homeowners who are in this property class would be well advised to watch for these developments.
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November 17, 2016 | Log in to Reply
I recently read your article in the Maui News on "Residential A" Property. I reside on Maui (since 1986) but own a home in Aina Haina which is being occupied my son and his family. So I have been following this matter closely and read your article with great interest. However, I am aware that the Caldwell Administration has indicated it will appeal the court's decision.
When I first learned about this, I wrote a letter to all the members of the Honolulu City Council expressing my displeasure (for the record). Even though I cannot vote for the council member of the Aina Haina community, Council member Trevor Ozawa still does represent me and contacted me…but there was not much to his response.
In the meantime, I filed an appeal regarding my property assessment for FY2016-2017 because I calculated that the assessment was a 20.75% increase where the 3 previous years averaged about 7.8%. I also alluded to the unfairness of my property being placed in the ILLEGAL (my characterization) "Residential A" category. Recently I called the Real Property Assessment Division to find out the status of my appeal. I was told that I shouldn't expect any action soon because their backlog reaches back to even the prior year. Will I ever get a refund on an adjustment to the amount of tax I paid and will have to pay again for the 2nd half? Who knows.
Anyway, I wanted to share my story. I am sure there are many who feel taken advantage of because of this situation. Thank you for your important work by bringing transparency and information to the public regarding tax matters. I truly appreciate it and have signed up for your "Weekly Commentary" posts.
Stephen K.
December 24, 2016 | Log in to Reply
Judge Reverses Decision on City Property Tax for Pricy Homes
By – Associated Press – Saturday, December 24, 2016
HONOLULU (AP) – The city of Honolulu's residential tax for homeowners who live in million-dollar properties part-time will remain in effect after a state judge reversed his decision that it was unconstitutional.
Judge Gary Chang heard new arguments Friday from Honolulu Corporation Counsel Donna Leong. He ruled the city's Residential A tax classification didn't discriminate against non-residents, The Honolulu Star-Advertiser reported (http://bit.ly/2hSoAmX).
The judge's decision comes after 20 Residential A property owners sued the city earlier this year. They argued that the ordinance requiring them to pay more taxes than standard residential class owners was unconstitutional. Chang had agreed with them in an October ruling.
Residential A owners, who live in homes valued at $1 million or more only part-time, pay $6 per $1,000 of assessed value, while standard properties are taxed at $3.50 per $1,000.
Chang said his new ruling was based on a more in-depth review of the matter.
"Simply, the court, upon further study, came to a different conclusion," he said.
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Jinak teda VW v druhé polovině 90tých let dělal opravdu zajímavé koncepty (i mnohem zajímavější než toto). No a pak Piechova éra skončila... ale jak je vidět, celý kocnern z toho žije dodnes.
suchar píše: hmmm tak to je zajimavy,nemas fotku toho vw ze predu?
Jo jo, předek je hodně podobnej.
Jinými slovy - buďme rádi, jak dopadl Phaeton. Protože ten předek a zadek na Conceptu D se k sobě vůbec nehodí. Navíc by to Panameře vyfouklo titul "první sedan, co má pět dveří"
nebylo na mysli coupe ? coz uz nam tu par let obdelava CLS a VW se rozhodlo ze si prihreje polivcicku s Passatem CC ?
The guys on the (tiny) production line move around at a leisurely pace, gently pursuing perfection. Bugatti people must get normalised too, even as they spend four weeks bringing the world's most amazing car to life. This is fantasy land for 99.99 per cent of the planet's population, but for these guys it's the day job. Imagine.
It's clearly something that affects the bigwigs, too. "Bugatti is effectively an ivory tower built on top of another ivory tower," admits Oliver Schauerte, one of the VW group's top engineers, "or perhaps a pyramid with an annex at the very peak. But if we show a new Bugatti, then we should be realistic about what we are showing."
Realistic. This is an unusual word to use in the context of Bugatti's epic concept car, the Galibier, the reason we're here today. 'Realistic' is popping down to the shops for cheese and bread, or accepting that, on balance, it's unlikely that you will get to sleep with Cameron Diaz. It is not a 5.3m-long car that has an 8.0-litre, 16-cylinder engine, running two superchargers (instead of the Veyron's four turbos, for improved low-end torque), with a declared top speed of 217mph and a likely price tag north of £1m (assuming it gets the go-ahead).
Yet the Galibier is about as real and realistic as any concept car has ever been. It has a proper, functioning engine, and moves under its own steam. The bits that you can't see are as lustrously well-executed as the bits you can. Though most car companies go to inordinate lengths to ensure their motor show eye candy gleams in all the right places, the Galibier is off-the-scale. This might well be the most perfect motor car ever made.
Black is a tough colour to pull off, and tends to swallow the filigree design details that make a one-off concept the mobile event it's meant to be, but not for a car as imperious as this. You can imagine Batman driving it, in Bruce Wayne mode rather than caped crusader guise, though photographer Joe Windsor-Williams amusingly plumps for a less appealing cartoon character. "It's Cruella Da Ville's car, isn't it," he says sheepishly. "If I was getting one, I'd order it in this colour but with loads of white spots all over it..." For a reverse Dalmatian effect, obviously.
Bugatti might even indulge him. Lord knows, these guys must be expert at fielding exotic requests by now. Designing and building cars at this stratospheric level is a strange business. It's almost about what you leave out, rather than how much you cram in. The party line is that this 'is the most exclusive, elegant, and powerful four-door automobile in the world.' Automobile, note, not car.
Following its press debut last September, the Galibier embarked on a tour of the world's moneyed hot-spots to gauge client opinion. All car companies conduct customer focus groups, usually to work out what sort of interior door-handle plastic they can get away with. Not for the Galibier owner recessed cup-holders or split-view satnav, though. They're shelling out for fastest, rarest, most expensive. They'll get their cupholders somewhere else. Like in their AMG Mercedes S63.
Apparently, the reaction has been overwhelmingly good, but a decision on whether to put the car into production is still pending. Bugatti's top brass are getting increasingly less good at hiding their desire to get on with it. "It's more than 50/50," Schauerte admits after much cajoling, and possibly fearing for his life (the decision rests with the VW board, remember, and ultimately with the group's saturnine kingpin, the legendary Dr Piech). So to help them out, just imagine you were in the market for an über-saloon, and fancied something a bit... less obvious than a Rolls or Bentley, never mind an S-class or 7-Series. Could you? Would you?
Yes, if you want to make the grandest possible automotive statement. The Galibier makes a Phantom Drophead Coupe look like a Suzuki Jimny. As I say, rather than flattening the car's form, the black finish is the making of it. The Galibier is enormous, but watching it move at the far end of the factory elicits the sort of jaw-slackening emotion you'd normally get watching a Lear jet or super-yacht manoeuvring into position before decanting an Amazonian supermodel. And two of her friends.
While those are arguably the most useful contemporary reference points, the Galibier clearly takes its cues from Bugatti's back catalogue. The name is a lift from a Type 57 saloon derivative of the mid-Thirties, but the design is all about updating the art deco flourishes of the Type 57 Atlantic, one of the great masterpieces of any of mankind's creative industries. Though the surface decoration is pretty minimal - no mean feat given how much surface there is - the main highlight is the 'spine' line that bisects the car's entire length, bonnet, windscreen, roof, rear window and all. Bugatti's trademark horse-shoe grille stands proud at the front; viewed side-on, you can see just how far forward it's canted. You can see how big it is from any angle: very. As with the rest of the car, this is a plus-size Phantom. The LED headlights are fabulous, too.
Its teardrop form suggests decent aerodynamics, and the substantial rear diffuser promises generous downforce. As you would hope and expect in a car that'll do close to 220mph. "There is lots of significant aero work still to do," Schauerte admits, "but the testing we've done so far suggests that the shape of the car will stay pretty much as it is. We have work to do optimising air flow around the car."
Schauerte remains tight-lipped about the Galibier's likely weight but says that Bugatti is targeting a figure that undercuts the other mega saloons - Phantom, Mulsanne - currently in the market. "We want to deliver a top speed of 350kph, which means that we need the car to be as light as possible. We'd also like the centre of gravity to be as low as possible, so that the driving dynamics are the best they can be for a car of this size." He also says that cooling this front-engined behemoth is much less of a challenge than it was on the Veyron, mainly because of the volume of air shovelled in at the front. The brakes are 400mm diameter carbon-ceramic jobs. It's all-wheel drive, and a regular torque-converter auto is likely to replace the Veyron's DSG.
Inside is like another world. "This is not a temple," Bugatti's director of design Achim Anscheidt told me last year. "We took a conscious decision to create a driver's car." To be honest, I'd be too busy fondling the interior to drive the damn thing. (There's a gloved man on hand to supervise our exclusive preview. This is not a car you'd fondle after eating, say, fish and chips.) The three-spoke steering wheel eschews the fashionably chunky approach, and - like the Phantom's helm - is a reminder that a skinny rim somehow makes a big, heavy car feel delicate.
There's a TFT screen in the main binnacle, and even the typefaces for the numbers are graphically consistent. In keeping with the 'less is more, especially if you're truly minted' ethos, the dashboard - and it really is a dashboard, in the original equestrian sense of the word - features just two main dials, a power meter and speedo. The needles in the dials have little 'EB' logos at their tips. There's also a detachable TV screen, and Parmagiani Tourbillon time-piece, which can be removed and worn as a wristwatch.
But it's the leatherwork and marquetry that's most impressive. The seats are vast old-school chairs with a woven upper part that somehow folds into the headrests. There are leather door pulls, an ally spar in the windscreen that connects to the rear-view mirror, and a vast, polished wood and aluminium strip runs the length of the cabin with only discreet transmission controls to interrupt it.
At the risk of sounding like a terrible ponce, Bugatti may have redefined luxury with the Galibier. Or as the company President Dr Franz-Josef Paefgen remarks as he walks past en route to a very important meeting, "Wow. I'd forgotten it looks this good."


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The price for the Intensive Chinese Program depends on the length and city of stay. For a more accurate quote on your program price, please get in touch with us.
Terms of Payment: The Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) is the primary currency and all other currency payments will be measured against the Hong Kong Dollar on the date when the applicant confirms their enrollment.
ADDITIONAL SERVICES: Such as assistance with Chinese visa application, registration in China, travel inquiries, ticket booking, etc. Each student will also receive a Welcome Pack with Hutong School goodies such as a bag, tshirt and cup, along with essentials including a map of the city, transport card with credit and SIM card with credit.


Apartment living became fashionable in the 1880s, transforming the skyline, particularly on Manhattan's Upper West Side. This walking tour looks at the apartment building's first half-century of development, including well-appointed "French" flats, studio buildings with double-height windows, and soaring apartment towers. We'll discuss diverse stylistic trends, from Renaissance Revival and Neo-Gothic to Art Deco, with special attention given to West 66th Street, where many notable artists (and patrons) concentrated during the first decades of the 20th century.


Sinn Féin MP Paul Maskey has said that support for political progress in the north of Ireland remains high among the Irish diaspora in the United States.
The West Belfast MP was speaking upon completion of a political tour of Philadelphia.
"This was a very constructive tour, as we met with trade union officials, political representatives, and leaders from the Irish diaspora.
"In my meeting, I provided an update on the Brexit process and the damaging implications for Ireland, and on a political impasse created by the DUP's refusal to tolerate a society based on equality and universal rights.
"Among Irish Americans and their representatives there remains an unwavering commitment to political progress on the basis of rights and equality.
"This dialogue is essential. Sinn Féin will continue to work with the Irish diaspora and with allies on political developments in Ireland."


text:
<?php

namespace Mail\Protocol;

use Mail\Protocol;

/**
 * The class POP3 can be used to access POP3 servers.
 *
 * @package MailKit
 * @author Ryan Cavicchioni <ryan@confabulator.net>
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2009-2010, Ryan Cavicchioni
 * @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php BSD Licnese
 */
class Pop3 extends AbstractProtocol
{

    /**
     * The termination octet marks the end of a multiline response.
     */
    const TERMINATION_OCTET = ".";

    /**
     * The positive status indicator from the server.
     */
    const RESP_OK = "+OK";

    /**
     * The negative status indicator from the server.
     */
    const RESP_ERR = "-ERR";

    // POP3 session states from RFC 1939.

    /**
     * POP3 session state when the client is not connected to the
     * server.
     */
    const STATE_NOT_CONNECTED = 0;

    /**
     * POP3 session state when the client has connected to the server,
     * the server _sends a greeting and the client must identify
     * itself.
     */
    const STATE_AUTHORIZATION = 1;

    /**
     * POP3 session state where the client has authenticated with the
     * server and requests actions on part of the POP3 server.
     */
    const STATE_TRANSACTION = 2;

    /**
     * POP3 state when the client issues a QUIT command. Changes that
     * the client made are not committed to the server.
     */
    const STATE_UPDATE = 4;

    /**
     * The username used to authenticate with the POP3 server.
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $_username = null;

    /**
     * The password used to authenticate with the POP3 server.
     *
     * @var string
     * @access private
     */
    private $_password = null;

    /**
     * The capabilities of the POP3 server which are populated by the
     * CAPA command.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    private $_capabilities = array();

    /**
     * The current POP3 session state of the server.
     *
     * @var int Use self::STATE_NOT_CONNECTED,
     *              self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION,
     *              self::STATE_TRANSACTION,
     *           OR self::STATE_UPDATE
     * @access protected
     */
    protected $_state = self::STATE_NOT_CONNECTED;

    /**
     * Public constructor.
     *
     * @param array $config
     */
    public function __construct(array $config = array())
    {
        $defaultConfig = array(
          'host'     => 'localhost',
          'port'     => 110,
          'ssl_mode' => 'tcp',
          'timeout'  => 30
        );

        $config = array_merge($defaultConfig, $config);

        parent::__construct($config);
    }

    /**
     * Connect to the POP3 server.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the connection is already established
     *         or if PHP does not have the openssl extension loaded
     *         or if PHP failed to connect to the POP3 server
     *         or if a negative response from the POP3 server was
     *         received.
     */
    public function connect()
    {
        parent::connect();

        $this->_state = self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION;

        if ($this->_transport === 'tls') {
            $this->_starttls();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieve the capabilities of the POP3 server.
     *
     * @param string $format
     * @return array
     */
    public function getServerCapabilities($format = 'array')
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION | self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'CAPA');

        $this->_send("CAPA");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) !== true) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server returned a negative response to the CAPA command: {$resp}.");
        }

        while ($resp = $this->_getResponse()) {
            if ($this->_isTerminationOctet($resp) === true) {
                break;
            }

            $this->_capabilities[] = rtrim($resp);
        }

        if ($format === 'raw') {
            return implode($this->_capabilities, self::CRLF);
        }

        return $this->_capabilities;
    }

    /**
     * Start TLS negotiation on the current connection.
     *
     * Returns true if the TLS connection was successfully
     * established.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server returned a negative response to the STLS
     *         (STARTTLS) command
     *         or if the TLS negotiation has failed.
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _starttls()
    {
        $this->_isServerCapable("STLS");

        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION, 'STLS');

        $this->_send("STLS");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) !== true) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server returned a negative response to the STLS command: {$resp}");
        }

        parent::_starttls();

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Authenticate the user to the server.
     *
     * @param array $authConfig
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if an invalid authentication method is used.
     * @return bool
     * @todo Disable insecure authentication.
     */
    public function authenticate(array $authConfig = array())
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION, 'USER');

        $defaultAuthConfig = array(
          'user'      => 'anonymous',
          'password'  => 'anonymous',
          'mechanism' => 'plain'
        );

        array_merge($defaultAuthConfig, $authConfig);

        $this->_username = $authConfig['user'];
        $this->_password = $authConfig['password'];

        if (strtolower($authConfig['mechanism']) === 'plain') {
            $status = $this->_authPlain();
        }
        elseif (strtolower($authConfig['mechanism']) === 'login') {
            $status = $this->_authLogin();
        }
        else {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("Invalid authentication method.");
        }

        $this->_state = self::STATE_TRANSACTION;

        return $status;
    }

    /**
     * Authenticate using the PLAIN mechanism.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if authentication fails.
     * @return bool
     */
    private function _authPlain()
    {
        $this->_send(sprintf("USER %s", $this->_username));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse(true);

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The username is not valid: {$resp}");
        }

        $this->_send(sprintf("PASS %s", $this->_password));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse(true);

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The password is not valid: {$resp}");
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Authenticate using the LOGIN mechanism.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server returns a negative response
     *         or if authentication fails.
     * @return bool
     */
    private function _authLogin()
    {
        $this->_send("AUTH LOGIN");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse(true);

        if (strpos($resp, "+") === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server returned a negative response to the AUTH LOGIN command: {$resp}");
        }

        $this->_send(base64_encode($this->_username));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse(true);

        if (strpos($resp, "+") === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The username is not valid: {$resp}");
        }

        $this->_send(base64_encode($this->_password));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse(true);

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The password is not valid: {$resp}");
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     t* Issues the STAT command to the server and returns a drop
     * listing.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server did not respond with a status message.
     * @return array
     */
    public function status()
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'STAT');

        $this->_send("STAT");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server did not respond with a status message: {$resp}");
        }

        sscanf($resp, "+OK %d %d", $msgno, $size);
        $maildrop = array('messages' => (int) $msgno, 'size' => (int) $size);

        return $maildrop;
    }

    /**
     * Issues the LIST command to the server and returns a scan
     * listing.
     *
     * @param int $messageId
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server did not respond with a scan listing.
     * @return array
     */
    public function listMessages($messageId = null)
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'LIST');

        if ($messageId !== null) {
            $this->_send(sprintf("LIST %s", $messageId));
        }
        else {
            $this->_send("LIST");
        }

        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server did not respond with a scan listing: {$resp}");
        }

        if ($messageId !== null) {
            sscanf($resp, "+OK %d %s", $id, $size);
            return array('id' => $id, 'size' => $size);
        }

        $messages = null;
        while ($resp = $this->_getResponse()) {
            if ($this->_isTerminationOctet($resp) === true) {
                break;
            }

            list($messageId, $size) = explode(' ', rtrim($resp));
            $messages[(int)$messageId] = (int)$size;
        }

        return $messages;
    }

    /**
     * Issues the RETR command to the server and returns the contents
     * of a message.
     *
     * @param int $messageId
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the message id is not defined
     *         or if the server returns a negative response to the
     *         RETR command.
     * @return string
     */
    public function retrieve($messageId)
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'RETR');

        if ($messageId === null) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("A message number is required by the RETR command.");
        }

        $this->_send(sprintf("RETR %s", $messageId));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server sent a negative response to the RETR command: {$resp}");
        }

        $message = null;
        while ($resp = $this->_getResponse()) {
            if ($this->_isTerminationOctet($resp) === true) {
                break;
            }

            $message .= $resp;
        }

        return $message;
    }

    /**
     * Deletes a message from the POP3 server.
     *
     * @param int $messageId
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the message id is not defined
     *         or if the returns a negative response to the DELE
     *         command.
     * @return bool
     */
    public function delete($messageId)
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'DELE');

        if ($messageId === null) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("A message number is required by the DELE command.");
        }

        $this->_send(sprintf("DELE %s", $messageId));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server sent a negative response to the DELE command: {$resp}");
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * The POP3 server does nothing, it mearly replies with a positive
     * response.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server returns a negative response to the NOOP
     *         command.
     * @return bool
     */
    public function noop()
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'NOOP');

        $this->_send("NOOP");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server sent a negative response to the NOOP command: {$resp}");
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Resets the changes made in the POP3 session.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server returns a negative response to the
     *         RSET command.
     * @return bool
     */
    public function reset()
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'RSET');

        $this->_send("RSET");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server sent a negative response to the RSET command: {$resp}");
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the headers of $messageId if $lines is not given. If $lines
     * if given, the POP3 server will respond with the headers and
     * then the specified number of lines from the message's body.
     *
     * @param int $messageId
     * @param int $lines
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the message id is not defined
     *         or if the number of lines is not defined
     *         of if the server returns a negative response to the TOP
     *         command.
     * @return string
     */
    public function top($messageId, $lines = 0)
    {
        $this->_isServerCapable("TOP");

        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'TOP');

        if ($messageId === null) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("A message number is required by the TOP command.");
        }

        if ($lines === null) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("A number of lines is required by the TOP command.");
        }

        $this->_send(sprintf("TOP %s %s", $messageId, $lines));
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server sent a negative response to the TOP command: {$resp}");
        }

        $message = null;
        while ($resp = $this->_getResponse()) {
            if ($this->_isTerminationOctet($resp) === true) {
                break;
            }

            $message .= $resp;
        }

        return $message;
    }

    /**
     * Issues the UIDL command to the server and returns a unique-id
     * listing.
     *
     * @param int $messageId
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server returns a negative response to the UIDL
     *         command.
     * @return array
     */
    public function uidl($messageId = null)
    {
        $this->_isServerCapable("UIDL");

        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'UIDL');

        if ($messageId !== null) {
            $this->_send(sprintf("UIDL %s", $messageId));
        }
        else {
            $this->_send("UIDL");
        }

        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server did not respond with a scan listing: {$resp}");
        }

        if ($messageId !== null) {
            sscanf($resp, "+OK %d %s", $id, $uid);
            return array('id' => (int) $id, 'uid' => $uid);
        }

        $unique_id = null;
        while ($resp = $this->_getResponse()) {
            if ($this->_isTerminationOctet($resp) === true) {
                break;
            }

            list($messageId, $uid) = explode(' ', rtrim($resp));
            $unique_id[(int)$messageId] = $uid;
        }

        return $unique_id;
    }

    /**
     * Issues the QUIT command to the server and enters the UPDATE
     * state.
     *
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server returns a negative response to the QUIT
     *         command.
     * @return bool
     */
    public function quit()
    {
        $this->_validateState(self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION | self::STATE_TRANSACTION, 'QUIT');

        $this->_state = self::STATE_UPDATE;

        $this->_send("QUIT");
        $resp = $this->_getResponse();

        if ($this->_isResponseOk($resp) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server sent a negative response to the QUIT command: {$resp}");
        }

        $this->close();
        $this->_state = self::STATE_NOT_CONNECTED;

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the server issued a positive or negative
     * response.
     *
     * @param string $resp
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _isResponseOk($resp)
    {
        if (strpos($resp, self::RESP_OK) === 0) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the server greeting is positive or negative.
     *
     * @param string $resp
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function _isGreetingOk($resp)
    {
        return $this->_isResponseOk($resp);
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a multiline response contains the termination
     * octet.
     *
     * @param string $resp
     * @return bool
     */
    private function _isTerminationOctet($resp)
    {
        if (strpos(rtrim($resp, self::CRLF), self::TERMINATION_OCTET) === 0 ) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current session state name for exception messages.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    private function _stateToString($state)
    {
        $state_map = array(
            self::STATE_NOT_CONNECTED => 'STATE_NOT_CONNECTED',
            self::STATE_AUTHORIZATION => 'STATE_AUTHORIZATION',
            self::STATE_TRANSACTION   => 'STATE_TRANSACTION',
            self::STATE_UPDATE        => 'STATE_UPDATE'
       );

        return $state_map[$state];
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the server is capable of the given command.
     *
     * @param string $cmd
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the server is not capable of the command.
     */
    private function _isServerCapable($cmd)
    {
        if (empty($this->_capabilities) === true) {
            $this->getServerCapabilities();
        }

        if (in_array($cmd, $this->_capabilities) === false) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("The server does not support the {$cmd} command.");
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determines if the current state is valid for the given command.
     *
     * @param int $valid_state
     * @param string $cmd
     * @throws Protocol\Exception
     *         if the command if not valid for the current state.
     */
    protected function _validateState($valid_state, $cmd)
    {
        if (($valid_state & $this->_state) == 0) {
            throw new Protocol\Exception("This {$cmd} command is invalid for the current state: {$this->_stateToString($this->_state)}.");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our auto electrical specialists know that every year the technology for the electrical system in your auto becomes increasingly more complicated. The auto electrical system operates a wide arrange of components in your automobile, including the wiring and circuits, charging and starting system, mirrors and windows, instrumentation, lights, anti-lock brakes, and much more. If you are having problems with your car or truck starting and your troubleshooting has ruled out the battery or starter then the culprit may very well be the vehicle's electrical system.
Every technician working in our automotive service center is trained and qualified for a variety of your auto electrical repair needs. Our facility uses advanced electrical diagnostic equipment to locate, fix your problem and get you safely back on the roads! Auto electrical problems can sneak up on vehicle owners. Without warning your battery may die or ou may stall at a stop light. It is important not to ignore these signs. Perrysburg Auto Mall provides the electrical oversight and repairs you need to drive away with a fully functioning vehicle.
Before you have your vehicle hauled in for repair, make sure the battery is not to blame. We offer electrical diagnostics to pinpoint electrical troubles over mechanical assumptions.
Need a new battery? We sell and install a wide range of reputable batteries. We even clean your contacts and test power after every install, to ensure you drive away with peace of mind.
A couple of crossed wires can cause an assortment of problems for your vehicle's electrical system. If you have had work done recently and are experiencing problems, we will make sure that bad wiring is not to blame.
We can check and replace the window motor and test the connection to restore up and down function.
Let us check your locks and their mechanisms to make sure you are able to lock and unlock freely.
Radio not working? Dash lights not displaying? We are likely dealing with a blown fuse. We replace fuses and route the source of the failure to ensure everything stays working properly.
Alternators can cause a variety of problems – including the starting of your vehicle. If your engine is not turning over or the battery light is on, let us check for alternator trouble and provide a replacement if it is found to be faulty.


I dont believe that they are detachable. But there are threads on here, where others have had them sprayed. Maybe you could get them wrapped. Then you could put them back to stock when you sell the bike.
Unfortunately not as I looked into this as found a cheap set up for sale but surface soiled & with deep abrasions. I'm confused to why they didn't make it as a replaceable part for these reasons alone as I'm sure there added onto the box on the assembly line so would of been readily available.. real shame imo.


New construction home being built. West side of Waterbury. Brand new raised ranch situated on corner lot. Home offers living room, dining room, kitchen, 3 bedrooms w/ hardwood floors, 2 full baths w/ tiled floors, full finished basement w/ 1/2 bath and laundry room. 2 car garage. Upper level has natural gas hot air system, lower level heated w/ electric heating. Corner level lot with city utilities. Yard will be seeded and graded.


John is a familiar face in Merthyr Tydfil, he's lived there for 60 years. He lives alone in a council flat on the edge of Merthyr Tydfil and although he doesn't go out much, he is very settled in this area. Since John was seventeen he has worked for various local factories but ten years ago, he was forced to stop working because of chronic back problems. Losing his job really knocked his confidence and sent him on a downward spiral that he has struggled to get out of. His Disability Living Allowance has now been withdrawn and this makes him feel very resentful. He doesn't feel fit enough to work but he has to get a job in order to get his benefits.
Also, because he's in his late fifties he feels that people will no longer want to employ him anyway.
John's health has deteriorated and he has put on a lot of weight, making it difficult for him to return to manual work, but he is reluctant to work in something that doesn't recognise his past experience.
Last September he went to see his GP for a routine check-up because of his high blood pressure. They talked about his unhealthy lifestyle and lack of physical activity. Although John wasn't motivated to do anything to change his lifestyle, he acknowledged that he wasn't very happy. The GP suggested that doing something outdoors with people might help lift his mood and improve his physical health. John was a bit reluctant at first but he realised that something would have to change. He referred John to a local allotment project which John now attends twice a week.
Now that his confidence is increasing, John has also started going to the employment advice drop-ins at the local community centre where an adviser is helping him with his CV and applications.


text:
Tomorrow's High School: Creating Student Pathways for Both College and Career
Gene Bottoms
$27.96 member price join now
For 100 or more copies of a single title call 1-800-933-2723 x5773 or dial direct 1-703-575-5773.
How do some high schools produce graduates that consistently achieve at high levels? Would you believe there's a set of proven strategies that could help you deliver similar impressive results and better prepare students for the world after high school?
Praise for Tomorrow's High School
Introduction: Tomorrow's High School
Setting Bold Goals
Building District Buy-In to Give All Students a Career Focus
Sharing Leadership to Achieve Continuous Improvement
Gene Bottoms is the former director of the High Schools That Work initiative at the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB). Prior to his 30-year tenure at SREB, Bottoms served as executive director of the American Vocational Association (now the Association for Career and Technical Education) and as the director of education improvement for the Georgia Department of Education. Bottoms was instrumental in drafting the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act and shepherding it to passage. In 1995, he was awarded the Harold McGraw Jr. Prize in Education.
Bottoms started his career as an 8th grade teacher in Cherokee, Georgia. He holds doctorate and master's degrees in guidance and counseling from the University of Georgia.
Member Book
Topics in this book
Teaching Students to Decode the World: Media Literacy and Critical Thinking Across the Curriculum - print
The Instructional Leader's Guide to Implementing K–8 Science Practices
Making Curriculum Matter: How to Build SEL, Equity, and Other Priorities into Daily Instruction (Print Book)
The Minimalist Teacher (Print Book)
Teaching with Clarity: How to Prioritize and Do Less So Students Understand More (Print Book)
Improve Every Lesson Plan with SEL (Print Book)
Engaging Students in Reading All Types of Text (Quick Reference Guide)
Improving Student Learning One Teacher at a Time, 2nd Edition (Print Book)