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71 Types of Star Wars Troopers Explained(2023 Updated)
January 01, 2023 Posted by TAYLOR LIN
There are many different types of troopers in the Star Wars universe.
From the Clone Troopers seen in Attack of the Clones to the First Order Stormtroopers in The Force Awakens. Each trooper has its own unique feature, its strengths and weaknesses. It is essential to know about them if you want to be a successful Star Wars fan.
In this blog post, we will list them all.
Just sit back, have a cup of coffee, and here we go.
Image: starwars.com
Clone Troopers
Clone Troopers were an army of soldiers created by the Galactic Republic to protect the galaxy from potential threats. After Jedi Master Sifo Dyas had a vision of an Evil Empire, he commissioned Kaminoan cloners to create a clone army for the Republic's use. The original template for all clones was provided by bounty hunter Jango Fett. Due to their accelerated growth, hundreds of thousands of clones could be fully mature by the time they were needed.
The Clone Troopers served the Republic with great success and courage until Darth Sidious ordered them to execute Order 66, resulting in the extermination of the Jedi Order. After that, most clone troopers were decommissioned and replaced with recruits, while some of the older ones were kept to help train the recruits before they were decommissioned.
Clone Shock Trooper
Clone shock troopers were a specialized type of clone trooper used by the Galactic Republic. Clone shock troopers were deployed as elite shock troops for specific missions, such as defending Coruscant and other high-profile planets, providing security on Republic ships, and serving as bodyguards for Republic officials. They were also deployed in urban peacekeeping operations, maintaining law and order and providing riot control when necessary.
Clone shock troopers wore specialized armor that was more stylized than the standard clone trooper armor, with black and blue markings over their white armor to distinguish them from regular clone troopers.
Galactic Marines
The Galactic Marines were a specialized unit of clone troopers created as the Grand Army of the Republic diversified during the Clone Wars. Initially known as the 21st Nova Corps, they served under Ki-Adi-Mundi and saw action in numerous battles, including the Battle of Mygeeto. Later after the famous Order 66 was executed, they became part of the Imperial Galactic Marines under the Galactic Empire.
Clone Paratrooper
Clone paratroopers were specialized clone troopers of the Grand Army of the Republic trained for airborne operations. During the Clone Wars, they served as frontline assault units in battles like the Battle of Utapau. After Order 66 was issued, Clone Commander CC-2224 'Cody' ordered a group of paratroopers to search for their former general, Obi-Wan Kenobi, who had gone missing. However, they were unsuccessful, as Kenobi survived and escaped the planet.
Clone Trooper Pilot
Clone trooper pilots were highly trained and skilled members of the Grand Army of the Republic. They were responsible for piloting various ships and ground vehicles during the Clone Wars, including Low Altitude Assault Transports, V-19 Torrent starfighters, Clone Z-95 Headhunters, and ARC-170 starfighters. As experienced veterans, they also held military ranks such as Clone Lieutenant, Clone Captain, and Clone Commander.
Under the Empire's rule after the Clone Wars ended, clone trooper pilots continued to serve as Imperial Starfighter Pilots.
Clone Flame Trooper
Clone flame troopers were a particular branch of clone troopers. They mainly use BT X-42 heavy Republic flamethrowers as their incendiary weapons. They wore specialized armor designed to protect them from the heat they were exposed to.
Clone flame troopers often worked alongside other special ops units such as ARC Troopers, Clone Commandos, and Clone Shock Troopers. Together, these specialized forces could carry out challenging missions that regular clones could not.
During the Second Battle of Geonosis, the flame troopers were summoned by Jedi General Ki-Adi-Mundi to burn the remaining Geonosian forces for Republic forces to reach Obi-Wan Kenobi at the landing zone.
Advanced Recon Commando (ARC Troopers)
ARC Troopers (Advanced Recon Commandos) were some of the most elite soldiers in the Galactic Republic's Clone Army. Chosen from the ranks of clone cadets, these troopers were trained to serve in command positions and sent on challenging assignments too difficult for standard clones. They could be identified by their distinctive armor set, which featured pauldrons and hard kama, and enhanced helmets with additional sensors and communication devices.
Commander CT-7567 "Rex" was the most well-known ARC Trooper, leading the 501st Legion in many battles throughout the Clone Wars. Alpha-17 and Ordo were other notable ARC Troopers who saw action.
Biker Advanced Recon Commando
The Biker Advanced Recon Commandos (BARC troopers) were elite clone troopers of the Grand Army of the Republic, trained to ride BARC speeders across hazardous battlegrounds with excellent proficiency.
During the Clone Wars, BARC troopers were under the command of Jedi General Stass Allie. At that time, they were stationed on Saleucami, tasked with reconnaissance duties around the planet. Tragically, Clone commander CC-8826 Neyo was forced to obey Order 66 by Supreme Chancellor Palpatine and open fire on his former commanding officer. This event signaled a tragic end for many Jedi throughout the galaxy as they perished in combat against their clones.
Clone Cold Assault Trooper
Clone cold assault troopers were a specialized branch of clone troopers in the Grand Army of the Republic during the Clone Wars. They were equipped with modified armor and equipment to withstand frigid temperatures on icy planets. Their training allowed for effective operations in these harsh conditions, while their armor provided additional protection from the freezing temperatures.
Clone Republic Commandos
Clone Republic Commandos were an elite group of highly trained and specialized clones that served in the Grand Army of the Republic during the Clone Wars. They had skills far beyond that of regular clone troopers, such as superior marksmanship, advanced battle tactics and hand-to-hand combat training. In addition, they were equipped with heavy weapons and armor to facilitate their missions.
These commandos were organized into squads and sent on seemingly impossible missions throughout the galaxy, ranging from espionage to infiltration to the assassination. Notable squads included Delta Squad (led by Sergeant Walon Vau) and Omega Squad (led by Sergeant RC-1138 "Boss"). At the same time, Clone Force 99 ("The Bad Batch") became famous for completing a particular assignment by Jedi General Anakin Skywalker.
Clone Gunner
Clone gunners were a crucial asset in the Republic's war effort, known for their skill and accuracy with heavy weapons. Clone gunners could be found manning ground-based weaponry, such as rocket launchers, missile pods, anti-aircraft guns and more. Due to this, they saw action on multiple battlefronts throughout the Clone Wars.
Clone gunners were considered specialists within the Republic military and were typically given varying degrees of armor protection to suit their needs. One noteworthy example of a clone gunner was Sergeant "Stew", who served aboard the Endurance during the Battle of Christophsis.
Clone Ordnance Specialists
Clone ordnance specialists, also called bomb squad troopers, were responsible for disabling and destroying explosive devices, making them an integral part of the Republic's security efforts.
During the Battle of Coruscant, a team of clone ordnance specialists was sent to disable multiple droidekas hidden in the city. The troopers were victorious in disarming the droidekas and eventually defeating them.
The clone ordnance specialists were also present during a critical mission to disrupt Separatist activities on Cato Neimoidia. During this mission, the bomb squad troopers disabled several mines set up by the Separatists that could have destroyed several valuable structures if left unchecked.
Clone SCUBA Trooper
Clone SCUBA troopers were highly trained soldiers who used their advanced underwater equipment to combat hostile forces. They were tasked with reconnaissance and sabotage missions deep within enemy territory, as well as engaging in direct combat when necessary. The unique design of their armor and breathing apparatus allowed them to remain submerged for extended periods while their weaponry was adapted to work underwater.
Riot Clone Trooper
Riot clone troopers were specialized clone shock troopers of the Coruscant Guard utilized by the Galactic Republic during the Clone Wars for riot control and police actions. They were trained to use nonlethal weapons, stationing barracks across Galactic City and assisting Coruscant Security Force when needed. During the Clone Wars, they were deployed in search of Duchess Satine Kryze, armed with riot shields and stun batons.
Special Ops Clone Trooper
Special ops clone troopers, also called stealth ops clones or special operation troopers, were a variant of the clone troopers in the Grand Army of the Republic equipped with specialized armor. These clones served with distinction during the Clone Wars, often serving as reconnaissance units or on special missions. During the engagement at Christophsis, Jedi General Anakin Skywalker had a number of special ops clones in his service aboard an IPV-2C Stealth Corvette. Clone Commander CC-1993 "Jet" and his troops were then put under the control of Jedi General Ki-Adi-Mundi for the Second Battle at Geonosis.
Advanced Recon Force Scout Trooper
Advanced Recon Force troopers, also known as ARF Troopers, were an elite branch of the clone troopers. They were created in response to the need for scouts and reconnaissance forces during the Clone Wars. The troopers belonged to a specialized unit known as Advanced Recon Force, or ARF, which was trained in stealth tactics, survival skills, and intelligence gathering. They were particularly adept at operating in hostile environments and could be deployed to various mission types, ranging from reconnaissance and sabotage to direct combat.
The ARF Troopers wore a specialized version of Phase I clone trooper armor designed for mobility and stealth. It featured advanced camouflage patterns, improved environmental protection, and enhanced communications systems.
41st Elite Corps Troopers
The 41st Elite Corps Troopers, also known as the Elite Corps or simply the Elite, was a military corps of the Grand Army of the Republic. Led by Clone Commander CC-1004 "Gree," this specialized unit was highly trained and equipped with advanced weaponry and armor to face the most challenging battles during the Clone Wars.
The 41st Elite Corps Troopers were armed with DC-15A blaster rifles and shorter DC-15S blasters. They also had access to other specialized weapons, including Z-6 rotary blaster cannons and WESTAR-M5s.
The troopers of this unit wore Phase II armor with custom colors, typically a green camo pattern with yellow highlights similar to the color scheme used by Gree's 41st Clone Legion.
They also sported unique helmets that included additional protective plating on the face and enhanced communications systems.
The 41st Elite Corps Troopers were exceptionally trained and highly formidable in battle. They fought on many of the front lines during the Clone Wars, including but not limited to Geonosis, Kashyyyk, Felucia, and Mygeeto.
Stormtroopers are the iconic foot soldiers of the Galactic Empire in the Star Wars franchise. They were first seen on screen in 1977's A New Hope and quickly became a pop culture phenomenon.
Stormtroopers originated from the Clone Troopers of the Republic. After Emperor Palpatine rose to power, he ordered the cloning program to be halted and instead enlisted human-born conscripts for his new Stormtrooper Corps.
Stormtroopers are an essential part of Emperor Palpatine's military might. They are imbued with the idea that they will help bring order to a chaotic galaxy, even if it means sacrificing their own lives.
Stormtroopers remain one of the most iconic figures in the Star Wars franchise. Their white armor and helmets are instantly recognizable, and their dedication to their mission is unquestioned. While they may be the footsoldiers of an oppressive regime, there's no denying the impressive legacy of Stormtroopers in cinema.
Imperial Shock Trooper
Imperial Shock Troopers are a step up from regular Stormtroopers; they have a long and distinguished history. First introduced during the Clone Wars as clone shock troopers, they were part of the Republic's elite forces. They served as Coruscant's modern peacekeepers and bodyguards, escorting prisoners and carrying out missions on specific targets.
When the Republic fell, these shock troopers became part of the Empire and expanded their role to become elite frontline soldiers and personal bodyguards to Emperor Palpatine. They were recognizable by their iconic red and white armor, with distinctive red markings on various parts like the helmet, shoulder pads, shin guards, utility belts, and other areas.
Imperial Shock Troopers were equipped with heavier weapons than their Stormtrooper counterparts, such as DLT-19 heavy blaster rifles and rocket launchers. They were also trained in close-quarters combat, making them perfect for riot control or defending critical points like the Imperial Center on Coruscant. In addition to these duties, they were also used as spies and recon forces, scouting out territory or driving tanks during battles.
Stormtrooper Commanders
Stormtrooper Commanders were highly trained and experienced officers of the Galactic Empire's Stormtrooper Corps. They had a higher level of knowledge than regular stormtroopers, as well as access to more advanced weaponry and tactics, enabling them to better coordinate strikes for the Empire and lead soldiers into battle. They were distinguishable by their pauldron, usually an orange color, and their blue markings on the armor. They were responsible for enforcing Imperial law on hostile worlds and carried a reputation as the Empire's most elite warriors.
Storm commandos
Storm Commandos are the special forces of the Stormtrooper Corps. They are highly trained stormtroopers who wear a grey version of scout trooper armor and are part of Darth Vader's 501st Legion. Their primary role is to instigate uprisings on enemy systems or subdue insurrections on Imperial-held worlds. They are also used as second-wave attackers on the battlefield, tasked with holding territory won by the first wave.
Storm Commandos are highly skilled and dangerous fighters, making them a powerful weapon in the Empire's arsenal.
Stormtrooper Snipers
Stormtrooper Snipers are specialized stormtroopers trained to use sniper rifles and provide covering fire. Many snipers were former scout troopers who wore armor similar to their previous position. They used their sharp-shooting prowess to take out enemies from afar, making them valuable assets in battle.
Novatrooper
Nova Troopers were a specialized variant of the standard Stormtroopers created by the Empire. They wore distinctive black and gold armor that symbolized Imperial power in critical locations throughout the galaxy. Nova Troopers were often deployed onto worlds like Naboo, the birthplace of Emperor Palpatine. They were equipped with standard weapons and armor that provided additional protection against blaster fire.
Imperial Marine
Imperial Marines were specialized Stormtroopers trained to board enemy vessels. They were usually the first boarding party on captured starships, making them a vital part of the Galactic Empire's navy. They carried an array of weapons, such as the E-11 blaster rifle, MiniMag shoulder-launched proton torpedo launcher, thermal detonators, cutting lasers, and explosive charges. They were also equipped with smoke pellets and flash grenades to help gain an advantage in boarding actions.
Imperial Marines served as the punch of the Imperial Starfleet and proved their worth in many battles throughout the galaxy.
Stormtrooper Grenadiers
Stormtrooper Grenadiers were specialized stormtroopers equipped with grenade launchers that fired Class-A thermal detonators. They wore a red pauldron and a black bandolier across their chest, with a red symbol on the right shoulder plate of their armor. These troopers provided heavy destructive firepower on the battlefield, such as explosive strikes to break up groups of enemies. In addition to their grenade launchers, Grenadiers also used conventional blaster rifles and handguns for short-range combat.
Mudtrooper
Mudtroopers, also called swamp troopers, are highly trained and specialized in amphibious operations. Their armor is made of a unique green camouflage, which helps them blend into the environment better than regular Stormtroopers.
Mudtroopers also wear special helmets and other protective gear to protect them from toxic gases, bacteria, and swarms of insects.
Mud Troopers excel in combat, especially in bogs, lakes, and swamps. They can navigate such treacherous terrain quickly, and their armor allows them to stay submerged for long periods if needed.
In Star Wars Rebels, Mudtroopers are seen leading a crackdown on uprisings on the planet Pipada.
Mimban Stormtrooper
The Mimban Stormtrooper, also called wet-weather gear stormtrooper, is an imposing figure with intimidating all-weather armor and rugged features. Their unique design has been created specifically for the wet conditions of Mimban, a mining planet in the Expansion Region. The troopers' armor is composed of heavy plating that is layered with additional space between plates at the shoulders, hips, and knees, allowing for a more excellent range of movement. On top of this armor, they wear waterproof capes known as slicks which are essential for wading through swamplands on Mimban.
The Mimban Stormtroopers were first seen in the movie Solo: A Star Wars Story, where they threw Han Solo into a pit with Chewbacca.
Ranger Trooper
Range Troopers are elite stormtroopers specializing in transporting and guarding important Imperial cargo. They possess heavy-duty fur-lined armor and magnetic grip boots, allowing them to maneuver safely across fast-moving vehicles. Range Troopers have a reputation for being among the toughest troops in the Empire. The Range Troopers' advanced equipment allows them to perform their duties even in harsh environments, making them superior to other Stormtrooper forces.
Imperial Combat Assault Tank Pilots
Imperial combat assault tank troopers, also known as GAV troopers or tank troopers, were specially trained Imperial drivers and infantry for operating TX-225 GAVw "Occupier" combat assault tanks. They were responsible for patrolling Jedha's streets under the Empire's occupation and often provided escort services to other combat vehicles. They could also be deployed for surveillance and skirmishes in light infantry roles.
Coastal Defender Stormtroopers
Coastal defender stormtroopers, also called shore troopers, were highly trained in tropical environments and had specialized armor to move quickly through water and sand. Their primary weapon was the E-22 blaster rifle, while sergeants carried the more powerful E-11. Coastal defender stormtrooper armor was primarily sand-colored with a pale blue shoulder plate and slightly less plate armor on the legs. The captains had their entire chest plates colored blue. Shoretroopers were organized into the Coastal Defense Division and acted as sergeants to regular stormtroopers, allowing them to command small squads of troopers.
Spacetrooper
Space troopers were troopers specifically trained and outfitted to function in zero-gravitational conditions. They donned a unique variation of the regular stormtrooper garb, which included a rebreather system. They were equipped with E-11 medium blaster rifles, thermal detonators, as well as specialized heavy blasters
During the Galactic Civil War, space troopers were deployed aboard the Chimaera and the Death Star, patrolling both ships' hulls for potential threats. They were also used to perform construction or repair tasks when needed.
Sandtrooper
Sandtroopers, which have another name-desert stormtroopers, are specialized stormtroopers trained and equipped for desert operations. They wear modified armor with cooling fans, sand filters, and a military backpack containing extra rations of food and water. They often ride Dewbacks, using electric rods applied to their hides to jolt them into submission. They are typically distinguished by their burnt orange pauldron on the right shoulder. Sandtroopers have been essential to many heated battles in the galaxy since the rise of the Galactic Empire.
Imperial Combat Driver
Imperial combat drivers were highly trained Galactic Empire's Army personnel tasked with piloting a wide array of ground vehicles. From 614-AvA speeder bikes to Imperial LAAT/le patrol gunships, these elite pilots were specially equipped for the task. The AT-AT pilots were the most renowned of the combat driver corps, boasting specialized skills and being considered among the army's most elite. Additionally, all drivers were qualified to operate All Terrain Armored Cargo Transports for non-combat tasks.
Tie Fighter Pilot
TIE pilots were the elite of the Imperial Navy's Flight Branch and were distinguished by all-black flight suits and bulky, fully enclosed helmets. Referred to as "bucketheads" by Rebel pilots due to their helmets, they were also known within the Imperial Forces as "coffin jockeys," owing to their high mortality rate in the vulnerable TIE fighters. They were also known as "vac-heads" and "ground-hogs," indicative of their roles in the Navy and Army, respectively, due to a significant rivalry between the two factions.
AT-AT Pilot
AT-AT Pilots were specialized Imperial combat drivers responsible for operating the massive AT-AT walkers. They worked in teams of two, controlling the vehicle's driving and firing controls, and sometimes had a commander overseeing them. The pilots wore reinforced insulated suits to protect them from their walker's lack of climate control, along with blaster pistols, thermal detonators, and grenades. They also had life support packs and reinforced helmets to help them survive the weather.
Snowtroopers, also known as cold assault stormtroopers and cold weather assault stormtroopers, are specialized stormtrooper variants trained and equipped for frigid environments like the ice planet Hoth. Snowtroopers have hood-like helmets with slitted eye-holes to keep out the cold and heated breathing apparatuses, batteries, and insulated armor to keep them warm. They also have snow goggles, ice boots, grappling hooks, ion flares, and homing beacons to help them navigate the cold environment. With their long body gloves and distinctive helmets, Snowtroopers are some of the most recognizable variants of the Stormtrooper Corps.
Scout Trooper
Scout troopers, also known as biker scouts, are highly specialized stormtroopers trained for surveillance and infiltration missions. They wear lighter armor than regular stormtroopers to improve their mobility and agility, and they are equipped with electromagnetic vision and a boosted comlink in their helmets. Scout troopers often travel on 74-Z speeder bikes and are known for their excellent marksmanship. They carry E-11 long-range blaster pistols and shock grenades. In Return of the Jedi, we saw scout troopers in action on the forest moon of Endor protecting a SLD-26 Planetary Shield Generator, which was shielding the second Death Star in space.
Patrol Trooper
Patrol Troopers were specialized variants of the Galactic Empire's Stormtroopers, deployed in urban environments as a rapid response policing force. Equipped with C-PH Patrol Speeder bikes and EC-17 Holdout Blasters, they patrolled cities and settlements to keep order. Their helmets were larger than standard Stormtrooper helmets and contained enhanced imaging electronics for scanning individuals and identifying traffic and construction issues. As the Empire gained control of more planets, local law systems were replaced with Stormtrooper patrols. Patrol Troopers acted as law enforcement to keep citizens loyal to the Empire.
Cave Troopers
Cave Troopers are a specialized type of Stormtrooper equipped with scout trooper armor and additional equipment to facilitate subterranean exploration and combat. They have bright headlamps, large Vibro Knives for melee combat, blaster carbines, and low-light vision gear. Their rappelling cables also allow them to traverse otherwise inaccessible terrain with ease.
First mentioned in the Star Wars Legends continuity in 2015, Cave Troopers have appeared in various sources.
Minetroopers
Minetroopers, also known as tunnel troopers, was a specialized group of Stormtroopers said to be Kessel's Finest Fighting Force. They wore thicker tan-coloured armor than their counterparts and were explicitly trained for operating in mining environments. Their bodysuits contained a seal that protected them from the air filled with spice which could alter their cognitive abilities.
Crimson Stormtroopers
Crimson Stormtroopers were elite members of the Galactic Empire's stormtrooper corps, specially trained and equipped to fight in volcanic environments. Their armor was a crimson-red color, allowing them to handle the heat of such areas better. They had access to E-11 medium blaster rifles or DLT-20A blaster rifles for combat. Though much mystery still surrounds the crimson stormtroopers, they were a formidable force on the battlefield. They have become an iconic part of Star Wars lore and remain one of the most mysterious and unique troopers of the Empire.
Shadow Troopers
Shadow Troopers are a specialized variant of Stormtrooper utilized by the Galactic Empire during the Galactic Civil War. They are distinguished by their black armor and equipped with cloaking devices that render them almost entirely invisible. Shadow Troopers were employed for stealth missions, attacking in large hordes and utilizing a range of blaster rifles, flash grenades, and jetpacks. They have been featured in various video games, reference materials, and digital card games. They are yet to be seen in live-action or animation.
Death Troopers
Death Troopers were an elite variant of stormtroopers who specialized in stealth, espionage, and lethality. They operated under Imperial Intelligence as the death trooper division, protecting Imperial officers and members of the Tarkin Initiative. Their body armor was covered in a polymer called "Reflec," which made them undetectable to most scanning devices, making them perfect for stealth operations.
Death Troopers were equipped with vocal distorters mounted on their helmets, as well as heads-up displays providing information about enemies and allies. Their training included techniques in hand-to-hand combat, heavy arms, demolition work, making use of improvised weaponry, guerilla fighting tactics and sharpshooting. They were also skilled in concealing their whereabouts.
Dark Troopers
The Dark Troopers are an advanced form of battle droids that were first introduced in the Legends continuity and eventually made their way into the current Star Wars canon. They are robotic soldiers outfitted with armor, making them nearly invulnerable, and were created by General Rom Mohc and Moff Gideon.
The Dark Troopers are a hazardous type of troopers; had they been implemented, they could have changed the course of the war.
More recently, these Dark Troopers appear in the Star Wars series The Mandalorian. Going back to their droid roots, these Dark Troopers posed a huge threat to the titular character.
Purge Troopers
Purge Troopers, also known as Purge Stormtroopers, were a specialized variant of stormtroopers used by the Galactic Empire's Inquisitorius to hunt down and eliminate any surviving Jedi after the Great Jedi Purge. The first Purge Troopers were the last generation of clone troopers produced from Jango Fett's template, programmed to obey Order 66 and hostile against Jedi. These troopers were later supplemented and replaced by non-clone human recruits from the Stormtrooper Corps. They were used in various missions such as Darth Vader's mission to Mon Cala, the hunt for Padawan Cal Kestis, protecting critical locations of the Empire like Kashyyyk, and acting as the garrison of Fortress Inquisitorius.
Purge Troopers (Anoat Sector)
Purge Troopers(Anoat sector) were a feared squad of Imperial Stormtroopers operating in the Anoat sector. They wore heavy armor similar to that of Phase II Dark Troopers, which was being evaluated between the Battle of Yavin and Hoth. They were led by Commander Bragh, and they were well-equipped with heavier weaponry compared to other purge troopers. Many troopers were recruited from gangs in Cargamalis Street Wars and were trained to suppress their empathy.
Jumptroopers
Jump Troopers, also known as Rocket Troopers, are a specialized variant of Stormtroopers utilized by the Galactic Empire and equipped with jetpacks that allow them to hover up to 20 meters in the air. They can be used for assaults, pincer maneuvers, surprise attacks, and boarding enemy ships in space environments. They often carry burst shields, missile launchers, and RT-97C heavy-blaster rifles.
Jump Troopers have appeared in various media, including the animated series Star Wars Rebels and video games such as Star Wars Battlefront I & II, and Star Wars: Commander. Variants of jump troopers specialized in different planetary environments, such as Arctic Jumptroopers, Desert Jumptroopers, and Forest Jumptroopers.
Arctic Jumptroopers had uniforms identical to those worn by cold weather assault stormtroopers, and Desert Jumptroopers wore modified jetpacks which allowed them to operate in extremely hot and dry conditions. Forest Jumptroopers had alterations to their standard jetpacks, granting them heightened agility in heavily forested zones. Their armor resembled that of Shoretroopers. These modifications improved the power distribution within the jets, allowing for faster movement.
Armored Stormtroopers
Armored Stormtroopers, also called Heavy Stormtroopers, were elite units of the Imperial Stormtrooper Corps distinguished by their heavier armor and orange shoulder pads. They were deployed during the Battle of Monstrosa Islands Reytha's campaign of the Galactic Civil War. They were also seen in Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds as upgradeable from regular Stormtrooper units.
Heavy Stormtroopers were known to prefer heavy weapons and had a red monocle-like device on their right eye.
Heavy Weapons Stormtroopers
Heavy Weapons Stormtroopers were specially trained Imperial stormtroopers equipped with large rapid-fire blasters and DLT-19 heavy-blaster rifles. They could be found on the frontlines of significant battles during the Galactic Civil War, such as those at Endor, Theed, and Jakku. Their armor was augmented to protect them from the kickback of their weapons, and they often carried military backpacks with additional ammo and supplies. There were also variants such as Heavy Shoretroopers, Heavy Snowtroopers, and Heavy Sandtroopers who received further training or supplies depending on their unit.
Demolition Troopers
Demolition Troopers are specialized stormtroopers within the Stormtrooper Corps who carry Smart Rockets and SE-14C blaster pistols. They wear standard stormtrooper armor, usually without a helmet, which allows them to fire more accurately at their targets. Demolition troopers were present at Chinook Station on Bespin and at the Battle of Jakku in 5 ABY. They use their heavy weapons to keep a safe distance from the battlefront, making them more effective combatants.
Imperial Cadets
Imperial Cadets were an essential part of the Galactic Empire, providing it with a steady supply of recruits for its military, government, and other organizations. They typically underwent training from 13 years old. They were trained in pro-Imperial history, loyalty, and various skills required for service within the Empire. Upon completing the program, cadets could return to their former lives or join one of the Empire's many governmental organizations. Through their efforts, Imperial Cadets helped maintain the strength of Emperor Palpatine's regime for years to come.
Incinerator Troopers
Incinerator Troopers were a specialized variant of the Galactic Empire's Stormtrooper Corps, renowned for their devastating flamethrower weaponry. They wore stormtrooper armor with red markings and pauldrons, outfitted with a cryaplast coat to protect them from high temperatures. Their weapon of choice was the D-72w Oppressor flame projector, and they were trained extensively in fire combat. They were used by the Empire to engage enemies and their fortifications, as well as by an Imperial remnant years later on Nevarro.
For their deadly capabilities, incinerator Troopers are some of the most feared stormtroopers in the galaxy.
Lavatroopers
Lava Troopers, another name for Magma Troopers, were black-armored Stormtroopers stationed in Fortress Vader during the Age of the Empire on the planet Mustafar. They had red lines on their helmets. Sergeants had a right shoulder pauldron with a single red line, while other members had full red pauldrons. They were specially equipped with breathing apparatus to survive the harsh conditions on the planet.
Imperial Navy Troopers
Imperial Navy Troopers were the soldiers of the Galactic Empire assigned to guard Imperial ships and space stations, such as the Death Star in A New Hope. They wore distinct uniforms from other Stormtroopers, with their faces visible. They served in Imperial Fleet Regiments and were responsible for guard duties, military policing, and other related services. Their mandate was to prevent enemy soldiers and dissidents from causing chaos onboard imperial vessels.
EVO Troopers
EVO Troopers were specialized stormtroopers trained to operate in dangerous environments, equipped with life support systems and insulation to protect against hazardous chemicals. They wielded flèche launchers as weapons. The troops were also intended to fight nonhuman alien species, revealing more evidence of nonhuman racism in the Empire.
Hazard Troopers
Hazard Troopers were a specialized type of stormtrooper used by the Imperial Remnant. They wore an extremely durable suit that provided immunity to temperature extremes, acidic damage, and small-arms fire with an air supply lasting three days. Their helmet HUD alerted them if atmospheric contaminants had penetrated their filters. They had a procedure: stop breathing, close their helmet filters, and exhale to clear the environment. Hazard troopers had similarities to Dark Troopers in that they were cyborgs, having replaced limbs with mechanical versions, and usually carried either an Imperial heavy repeater or Stouker concussion rifle. Despite being slow-moving due to their armor, they were incredibly resilient units of the Imperial forces.
Radiation Zone Stormtroopers
Radiation Zone Stormtroopers, also known as radiation zone assault troopers, radiation troopers, or rad troopers, were a specialized type of stormtrooper developed to operate in heavy radiation zones. They were associated with Grand Admiral Thrawn's fleet and had not appeared in the canon yet. Radiation Zone Stormtroopers utilized space trooper suits to protect against radiation, allowing them to operate within planetary gravities. They are notable for being one of the few examples of nuclear weapons in the Star Wars universe.
Special Commando Advanced Recon Troopers
Special Commando Advanced Recon Troopers, commonly known as SCAR troopers, were elite members of the Galactic Empire's stormtrooper forces. They operated in small squads led by a sergeant and were given more autonomy than other stormtroopers. Each member specialized in different tactics and was often deployed on vital missions for the Empire, such as engaging with Rebel forces on Crait. Task Force 99, a squad of SCAR troopers led by Sergeant Kreel, was an active unit in the galactic conflict. They were highly trained and used their expertise to help the Empire secure its hold on the Galaxy.
Sith Troopers
Sith troopers, also known as Sith stormtroopers, were an elite army of the Sith Eternal cult created on Exegol during the New Republic Era to reinstate Emperor Palpatine as ruler of the Galaxy. Clad in red armor resembling Sith lightsaber blades, they followed the tradition of armored infantry units used by the Galactic Republic, the Galactic Empire, and the First Order before them. They were conditioned for absolute loyalty. The Final Order was destroyed along with Palpatine and the Sith troopers, providing the necessary motivation for the rest of the Galaxy to unite in opposition to the First Order's remaining forces. This signified the end of the First Order-Resistance War.
Artillery Stormtroopers
Artillery stormtroopers, also known as shell troopers, are a unique subset of Imperial stormtroopers specializing in indirect firepowers, such as mortars. They are equipped with standard white armor but have yellow markings to differentiate them from regular stormtroopers. Additionally, they carry military backpacks filled with explosives and often use Model 201 mortars in battle. These specialized troops are able to accurately fire their explosives at predetermined coordinates from a distance to maximize the devastation of their attacks. They are experienced and dangerous combatants who must be taken seriously on any battlefield.
Seatroopers
Seatroopers were specialized in the Galactic Empire's Stormtrooper Corps, equipped with underwater propulsion jets, flippers, and scuba backpacks. They fought on aquatic planets like Mon Cala and Lothal during the Age of the Empire. Seatrooper armor was lightweight and glove-like, with a bodysuit to repel toxins and SG-4 blaster rifles that could fire harpoon darts. They could stay submerged for over an hour, powered by a back-mounted propulsion unit, allowing them to move swiftly through the waters. Sea Troopers were essential in fighting underwater battles during this period.
Emperor's Royal Guard
The Imperial Royal Guard, also known as the Crimson Guard or Red Guard under the Galactic Republic, were Emperor Palpatine's bodyguards. Highly skilled soldiers trained to strict requirements in size, strength, intelligence, and loyalty were selected for duty in the Royal Guard. During public appearances, the Emperor was always accompanied by members of the Royal Guard.
The Royal Guards had intimidating red armor that struck fear into their enemies and was seen as a symbol of the Emperor's power. This armor was in stark contrast to regulation white, black, or gray armor worn by others in the military. The fearsome image of the red-clad guards often invoked fear even more than that of the Shadow Troopers.
Imperial Heavy Troopers
The Imperial Heavy Trooper was a variant of the Galactic Empire's stormtrooper, trained for frontline combat against powerful enemies and equipped with bulkier armor and electro-staff. They were typically found in front of vanguards protecting other stormtroopers and weapon specialists. They were rare but could be found on Kashyyyk, Felucia, Raxus Prime, and the Death Star.
Elite Praetorian Guard
The Elite Praetorian Guard were eight highly trained warriors that served as the personal bodyguards of Supreme Leader Snoke, ruler of the First Order. Clad in red armor and robes, they specialized in martial arts such as Teräs Käsi and Bakuuni Hand and carried various high-tech melee weapons. During the conflict between the First Order and the Resistance, they were stationed aboard Snoke's flagship. However, they were all killed by Kylo Ren and Rey while attempting to protect their master. After the battle, Kylo Ren assumed the mantle of Supreme Leader.
First Order Stormtrooper
First Order stormtroopers, also known as "bucketheads", were the First Order infantry soldiers deployed from within the Unknown Regions. As a symbol of military might, they wore white armor derived from clone troopers and Imperial Stormtroopers. Their sole purpose was to conquer the galaxy in the name of the First Order.
First Order Riot Control Stormtrooper
The Riot Control Stormtrooper is a specialized variant of the standard stormtrooper created by the First Order. They are equipped with non-lethal equipment such as Betaplast ballistic riot shields and Z6 riot control batons, but they also carry lethal weapons like F-11D blaster rifles. They are trained in riot-control tactics to help keep order on First Order-controlled planets.
First Order Tie Fighter Pilot
First Order TIE Fighter Pilots served the First Order by tracking down hostile ships and safeguarding airspace around bases and warships in their sophisticated TIE/fo superiority starfighters. Top-tier pilots had access to more advanced two-manned TIE vessels outfitted with upgraded armaments and detection devices. Pilots who showed remarkable expertise and fidelity were advanced to exclusive echelons within the First Order.
First Order Snowtrooper
The First Order Snowtroopers are a specialized type of stormtrooper used by the First Order. They wear insulated armor and helmets designed for cold weather, along with modified F-11D blaster rifles with heat-shunting devices and antifogging optics. In addition, they carry backpacks featuring personal environment units to survive in frigid environments. Snowtroopers have been seen during the Battle of Starkiller Base and the Battle of Crait, as well as for the First Order's occupation of Kijimi.
First Order Flametrooper
Flametroopers are an essential part of the First Order's stormtrooper unit, as they flush out Resistance fighters from entrenched bases. They wear armor similar to snowtroopers and have additional padding to protect against heat and burns. Each flame trooper is equipped with a D-93 Incinerator, which includes a double-barreled flame projector gun, two outer Conflagrine-14 fuel tanks, and a central pressurized propellant tank. The helmets of the flame troopers are equipped with a narrow slit visor to protect from weapon glare and supplemental breathing tank linkages for clean air.
First Order Megablaster Heavy Assault Trooper
The Megablaster Heavy Assault Trooper was a variant of the standard stormtrooper used by the First Order that carried an FWMB-10 repeating blaster or "mega blaster" and web gear loaded with extra ammunition. They were deployed during the Battle of Kestro and Skirmish on the Retribution in 34 ABY, where they clashed with Iden Versio, Zay Versio, and Shriv Suurgav. The troopers were well-equipped and prepared for heavy combat situations, capable of dispatching many opponents quickly. They proved to be formidable forces in battle.
First Order Executioner Stormtrooper
Executioner troopers, or First Order Judicial Stormtroopers, were randomly selected from existing ranks and assigned to dispense final justice on enemies of the First Order. The Executioner trooper armor had a built-in vocoder that disguised their voice, and no serial number was broadcasted on displays of other stormtroopers. It was also considered a form of stormtrooper training.
How many of these types of Star Wars troopers can you name? Did this article help you understand the different types of troopers and their roles in the films? For more exciting content like this, be sure to follow our blog. We post new articles daily on various topics that are sure to interest and entertain you.
All 11 Lightsaber Colors Meaning Explained and Their History


'Světlo v ulicích' is the title of Písek's festival of light and we were invited to do live Tagtool drawing on the courthouse building (below) in the main square.
Above – Dima preparing cameras and the Tagtool while the Lunchmeat crew set up the sound system and mount the projector on top of the van for the performance, which was scheduled to begin at 7 pm. The event was very well organised with part of the car-park already cordoned off for us when we arrived. So many people arrived early when we were testing the equipment that I had to do the drawings above to announce the start time of the performance. By 7 pm the whole square was full of people and there were big crowds standing in the street leading to it as well – I think it is perhaps the largest audience I have ever seen for an outdoor Tagtool performance! (The organisers estimated that there were about 2000 people but because I was busy drawing and everyone watching was behind me, I was hardly aware of the audience!) Here are some photos that Dima took of my drawings.
As well as taking the photos above, Dima made two videos of the performance, an 'arty' one using his home-made circular capture camera rig that shows both the projection and whole of the square, and a 'straight' one using his Panasonic GH2 camera showing my Tagtool drawing on the courthouse building.
So – big thanks to Lunchmeat for organising this really great performance opportunity for us and also to the crew for driving us to and from the event and ensuring that everything went so smoothly!


If you have your own website and want to show your users a video, then the obvious option might be to upload it to your server an embed it. However, in the majority of cases, I think this isn't an ideal thing to do.
Unless you get it perfectly correct, some users will end up having problems viewing your video. It won't be in the correct file format, it might not buffer correctly, you might not be able to skip forward, it might take forever to download from your server etc.
These companies work full time to ensure that their videos and video players are usable by everyone. Unless you are going to sit there and test your website with every browser, every device, from various locations, internet speeds, browser window sizes etc, I really think you should just get a company to handle it for you.
Here are my main reasons for using a 3rd party service. I am going to assume that you have a 'normal' site that has some videos - for example, a blog with some videos in some posts, or a company website with some videos on various pages. If you are looking to make the next Youtube, Twitch, or another site that focuses on video content then none of these will apply. Also if you have your own dedicated server (especially if you have an unmetered one for unlimited bandwidth) some of these won't apply.
If you self-host, then I can almost guarantee that there will be a direct link in your source code to the .mp4 video file.
This makes it very trivial for anyone to download the video file.
If you use a 3rd party, it is often a bit more hidden. Security through obscurity is not a good technique to avoid all pirated content, but it can help a bit.
Even with the best piracy protection, anyone can just record the screen and play it back in real time, so really no matter what you do or what service you use it can always be pirated if someone wanted to.
I have to admit that as every year goes by this becomes less and less of a problem. A lot of very popular hosts (such as Dreamhost, I think even Bluehost) offer 'unlimited' space. I mean, this is what they claim, but I'm sure they'll kick you off their servers if you started to use too many resources. It is common to use a VPS service such as Digital Ocean (which I would recommend if you have the know-how to manage your own server), and they often provide SSD disk space of under 60GB for the cheaper (under $20/mo) prices. 60 GB is a lot - but easy to fill up with large videos.
That 60GB (or however much you have) shrinks too if you do some form on backups on the same server. And if you (as you should) backup to another server/location, that means even more disk space every month that is used up. And then you have the additional space of different formats (see below).
2) How much space you have.
But this is kind of obvious, right?
If you start serving up too many large video files, any cheap web host will be in touch with you to ask you to stop doing that or will just close your account. Read their "Acceptable Use Policy"... ask them if it is ok to host videos.
Again, looking at Digital Ocean you will get only around 3 TB of bandwidth (transfer) a month for under $20/mo.
If you had a longer video that took up 100mb, that is only 30 downloads a month and you've hit your limit. One video watch a day... And that is only 100mb, HD videos can easily become many multiples of that size.
Of course, you can pay for more bandwidth. But if you use a 3rd party video hosting company they'll often include either unlimited/unmetered bandwidth, or much cheaper than what any VPS or normal web hosting company will be able to offer you.
If you are self-hosting, you will need to generate the video files into different file formats. This is becoming less of a problem as browsers start to support more formats, but it has only been since IE9 that IE decided to support H264. It still doesn't support Ogg. But to be honest you'll be safe with just H264/MP3 (or H264/AAC) in .mp4 format in 2018.
Unlike the above issue of different video file formats, this is an important issue in 2018.
People will want to view your videos in different resolutions (roughly: desktop = hd, mobile = sd. Fast connection = hd, slow connection = sd (or lower)).
If you view YouTube, Netflix or any other major video site and your internet speed suddely drops, the video will still play but will suddenly go to a much worse quality.
This is the main reason, in my opinion, why it is just easier and better to use a 3rd party service to handle the video. Their video player will handle all of this, and you never have to think about it. Unless video is the main aspect of your website then I really don't think it is worth the time, effort or money to focus on this aspect.
(Even if you host a website that has, for example, video lessons and you let your students watch video on your site: I still don't think you are FOCUSING on video. If you run a website where people can upload video, edit videos, etc then you are focusing on video and you probably should consider self-hosting. But if you're doing that, you're hiring professionals who already know the answer to this blog post).
For every video, you will end up with at least half a dozen files (probably more) in multiple resolutions and various bitrates.
Related to the above point, but you will end up wasting a lot of time converting videos. Hopefully, you have some script in place to handle it for you, and upload the files (another thing you will waste a lot of time on, unless you convert it on your server - which I would recommend doing).
You will need to have a proper video player. The ones built into browsers are not as user-friendly as a custom video player. Think about when you play videos on Wikipedia (which uses the built-in video player in your browser) vs the experience when using Netflix or Youtube.
There are open source video player libraries which you can use (or ones you can buy, sometimes having better features but not always). But you will need to spend time testing these.
I have no affiliation with any of these companies. They are just from personal research for a project.
YouTube can work fine for many cases. If you already have a YouTube channel then it is perfect, as you might get subscribers. But I'm going to assume you have a company website and want to show your customers some videos. You won't want them to click away and end up on YouTube and forget about your site.
Vimeo is a well-known video site (similar to YouTube). They have a service called Vimeo PRO which is designed for people who want to host videos on their site.
The videos you upload are private, but they give you code to put on your site so they can be viewed. They are a popular service, many sites use them.
Brightcove is less popular than Vimeo, but they focus entirely on hosting videos for customers (unlike Vimeo which is massively popular with just regular (free) users uploading videos).
This is another company that specialises in hosting for businesses.
Another option is vidyard. The video on their website's homepage, for me, loads the quickest of all of these companies listed. But that might be a coincidence. They have a good reputation though.
They don't list their pricing on their site but I've heard that you need to be spending $1000 or $2000 minimum a month before considering their options. They don't seem to focus on smaller websites.
Despite its silly name (and awkward to spell), Vzaar is another option. They claim to be "The World's Most Trusted Video Hosting Platform" (not sure how true that is).
One of their key points that they focus on is the fact that they can deliver videos in China. However, I'm not sure that will help many readers of my blog.
Prices start at just over 200 euros a month.
Frame.io "Video review and collaboration, solved"


Unibet is coming soon to NJ with both a sportsbook and online casino. Anyone physically present from NJ will be able to make bets at this experience gambling operator. Stay tuned for Unibet news and information about product launches.
The Unibet Online Casino is expected to launch alongside the Unibet Sportsbook in New Jersey giving users the opportunity to play casino games as well as wager on one of the best betting sites in NJ. For all the details on the Unibet Casino NJ and what kind of casino bonus to expect read the full review below.
While the main attraction of the Unibet platform is the sportsbook, the Unibet Casino has made a name for itself as one of the better online casino gaming sites in the market today. The casino site is expected to be available at Unibet NJ which can be accessed by using a joint account with the sportsbook, along with Unibet Poker and Unibet Bingo. A Unibet Mobile App should be available specifically for the Unibet Casino that can be downloaded for both iOS and Android devices.
Unibet generally provides users with a special Casino Bonus which can be used on casino games. It is expected that Unibet NJ will follow suit and provide users with a bonus, most likely in the form of a deposit bonus. A deposit bonus gives users bonus money based on the amount of money they deposit. Free spins may also be included in the casino bonus, giving users free slots spins on select slots titles.
The casino bonus may require a Unibet Bonus Code to be entered during registration which is separate to the sportsbook promotions. A wagering requirement may also be required to be fulfilled before users will be able to withdraw bonus money awarded from any deposit bonus.
Be sure to visit the promotions page on the 'Casino' section of the site for full details on any upcoming promotions.
Registering for a Unibet Casino account is the same as registering for a Unibet sports betting account. Unibet USA is expected to follow the same process, with users being able to register for an account by either visiting the Unibet website or downloading the mobile app. The registration form will require users to give personal details such as their Full Name, Mailing Address, and Email Address as well as create a Username and Password combination for their Unibet Login. Keep in mind that a Unibet Promo Code may be required to be entered during the registration to activate the Casino Bonus.
Users will likely be required to validate their account via email or mobile number, so be sure to provide accurate information.
Currently, the non-US version of the Unibet Casino features a wide range of casino games which include slots, table games, jackpots, and live casino titles. Slots, in particular, are very popular with top games such as Starburst and the Book of Ra available on the site. Expect the Unibet New Jersey to follow a similar recipe to success with an almost identical casino games suite.
For a better look at what you can expect from the Unibet Casino in New Jersey, you can visit unibet.com/casino and browse through the casino games.
A separate mobile app is expected to be available for the casino which will not be associated with the sportsbook app. The Casino App should give users the capability of playing any of the casino games available on the website and feature easy navigation, filter functionality and a quick way to browse games. The app should be available on both iOS and Android devices at the Google Store and iTunes respectively as soon as Unibet launches in NJ.
The Unibet Casino is expected to feature a number of promotions other than the welcome casino bonus. Promotions will most likely come in the form of free spins or bonus casino money. Slot tournaments and events are also popular on the site with users getting the chance to win from large prize pools based on their play on select slots games. Expect a few free daily slots games to also be available at Unibet as an introductory offer.
Unibet will in all likelihood launch with a casino platform to complement the sportsbooks online betting in NJ. The casino is expected to be very similar to the current online casino available at the global unibet.com website. With a mobile app and live casino included in the platform, you can expect the casino to do well in providing users with a great second option to Unibet odds and betting. Don't hesitate to look at our other reviews for NJ Online Casinos if you wish to know more.


© 2014 Lawrence Kenning. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright holder.
This work examines the prognostic value of advanced MR at selected time points during the early stages of treatment in glioma patients. In this thesis, serial imaging of glioma patients was conducted using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI. A methodology for the processing and registration of multiparametric MRI was developed in order to simultaneously sample whole tumour measurements of multiple MR parameters with the same volume of interest.
Differences between glioma grades were investigated using functional MR parameters and tested using Kruskal-Wallis tests. A 2-stage logistic regression model was developed to grade lesions from the preoperative MR, with the model retaining the apparent diffusion coefficient, radial diffusivity, anisotropic component of diffusion, vessel permeability and extravascular extracellular space parameters for glioma grading. A multi-echo single voxel spectroscopic sequence was independently investigated for the classification of gliomas into different grades.
From preoperative MR, progression-free survival was predicted using the multiparametric MR data. Individual parameters were investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, before Cox regression modelling was used for a multiparametric analysis. Radial diffusivity, spin–lattice relaxation rate and blood volume fraction calculated from the DTI and DCE MRI were retained in the final model.
MR parameter values were also investigated during the early stages of adjuvant treatment. Patients were scanned before and after chemoradiotherapy, with the change in MR parameters as well as the absolute values investigated for their prognostic information. Cox regression analysis was also performed for the adjuvant treatment imaging, with measures of the apparent diffusion coefficient, spin–lattice relaxation rate, vessel permeability and extravascular extracellular space, derived from the DTI and DCE datasets most predictive of progression-free survival.
In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates multiparametric MR of gliomas during the early stages of treatment contains useful prognostic information relating to grade and progression-free survival interval.


The classic! In excellent, fully functional condition. All knobs/faders intact and working well. Trying some other hobbies, so this doesn't get much use.
Looking for 450, a good price for a mixer in this condition.


text:
Government + politics, Climate change
Legislators, local organizations unveil Virginia Clean Economy Act
Thursday, December 19, 2019, at 8:32 PM
Sun Tribe Solar employees install solar panels onto the roof of Powhatan Elementary School in Dec. 2019.
Credit: Charlotte Rene Woods Charlottesville Tomorrow
On a recent December day, Charlottesville-based Sun Tribe Solar worked to install solar panels on the roofs of Powhatan Elementary and Middle schools. Once operational, the panels will generate energy for the Powhatan County schools.
Large-scale solar projects like this have been made possible through a pilot program Virginia launched in 2013 that allowed for power purchase agreements in the service areas of Dominion Energy and Appalachian Power Co.
PPAs allow customers, like the schools in Powhatan, to have on-site solar installed by a third-party developer — in this case Sun Tribe Solar. There is no upfront cost to the school, which agrees to purchase the energy that is produced from the panels on its site.
The savings could allow the school to save some taxpayer dollars while reducing its carbon footprint.
However, as this year is coming to an end, the 50-megawatt cap in Dominion territory and 7-megawatt cap in APCO territory are nearing their limits, which would hinder the efforts of companies like Sun Tribe to enhance renewable energy throughout the state.
"Thanks to the PPAs, schools and local governments throughout Virginia are saving millions of dollars while opening new learning opportunities for students through solar," said Rob Corradi, senior advisor of public affairs at Sun Tribe Solar. "Legislation that expands the PPA cap is an opportunity for the General Assembly to take a bipartisan action that would be a win-win for taxpayers and the environment. The good news is that we're definitely seeing positive momentum towards that outcome."
A new bill, the Virginia Clean Economy Act, aims to not only bolster renewable energy, but it has other goals outlined that can fit into Gov. Ralph Northam's 2050 emissions goals — as well as the ones that Charlottesville and Albemarle County set this year.
According to the legislation, it would enact a statewide Renewable Portfolio Standard that would bring Virginia up to 30% clean energy by 2030, before gradually phasing in clean energy sources while phasing out coal and gas for the grid to become carbon-free by 2050. It will also support energy efficiency measures and target rooftop projects, like the ones Sun Tribe deals in, by "empowering homeowners, municipalities and industry to contribute to Virginia's energy market through rooftop solar."
To accomplish this, it aims to remove hurdles currently preventing some consumers from installing rooftop solar panels, such as the cap companies like Sun Tribe are reaching.
"I think we see a bright economic opportunity for the energy market up and down the spectrum," said Harry Godfrey, the executive director of Virginia Advanced Energy Economy. "It lays out clear benchmarks and targets for investing in more wind and more solar."
On the economic impact, he said the bill will be a business opportunity for renewable energy companies.
"It creates market certainty for them, and there's going to be marketplace to go about consuming renewable energy in the years and decades to come," Godfrey said.
One of the co-patrons of the bill notes the intersectional impact it can have.
"The Virginia Clean Economy Act of 2020 will catapult Virginia's clean energy economy, keep power costs low and protect Virginia communities from the damaging impacts of climate change," Sen. Jennifer McClellan, D-Richmond, who co-sponsored the bill said in a Dec 19 release. "We don't have any longer to wait: We must act now to grow clean energy jobs and protect the future for our children."
McClellan is joined in co-sponsoring the bill by Del. Rip Sullivan, D-Fairfax; Del. Jennifer Carroll Foy, D-Petersburg; and Del. Alfonso Lopez, D-Alexandra. It is also supported by Virginia Advanced Energy Economy; Charlottesville-based Apex Clean Energy, Sun Tribe Solar and Clean Virginia; and many other environmental advocacy groups and organizations throughout the state.
As solar energy — especially in the residential sector — has seen barriers in terms of the up-front costs, not everyone can immediately afford to make the switch. As such, the legislation would allow for community solar projects so that renters, small businesses and people who otherwise would not be able to afford panels on their home could take advantage of the benefits of solar power — like reduced energy bills, for example. Community solar projects are where a solar installation's electricity is shared by more than one property.
"We've crafted it in a way to balance desire to deploy more resources," Godfrey said.
Lastly, the bill would aim to eliminate utility emissions throughout the state by committing the state to join the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. RGGI, usually referred to as "Reggie," would use market forces to incentivize utilities to reduce carbon emissions and utilizes revenues to invest in energy efficiency.
Godfrey said auctions for emissions crediting through RGGI would generate a revenue stream that will flow into a fund to be managed by the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy. Under the legislation, some funding would go towards a low- and moderate-energy efficiency program.
As for another local champion of renewable energy in the state, Del.-elect Sally Hudson, D- Charlottesville, said she'll be supporting efforts when she assumes her seat in the House of Delegates come January.
Charlotte Rene Woods joined Charlottesville Tomorrow as a reporter in March 2019. She has a master's degree from Virginia Commonwealth University and a bachelor's degree from The New School in New York City.
Government + politicsClimate change
Charlottesville has a new mayor — but remember, the mayor's not the one in charge here
When Charlottesville resident Stephanie Roan thinks of the city's mayor, she envisions them as the top city official with total government control. It's a reasonable assumption that many in Charlottesville share. But that's not how it... More
Charlottesville City Council said it hopes to announce new interim city manager next week
After more than three hours in a closed session meeting, Charlottesville City Council announced that they have no announcement just yet on a new interim city manager. However, Mayor Lloyd Snook said that council anticipates a selection... More
Charlottesville City Council will interview three candidates for interim city manager in special meeting Tuesday
"There's a little bit of a misconception about our hiring of the Robert Bobb Group," Charlottesville's new Mayor Lloyd Snook said. "The idea is not that we're somehow going to have this entire consulting group be our city manager." More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How get the attribute value of XML node depending on another attribute value in C# Here is the XML:
     <MatML_Doc>
        <Material>
           <BulkDetails>
               <Name>ABS</Name>
               <Class> <Name>PLASTIC</Name></Class>
               <Subclass> <Name>ABS Polymer</Name></Subclass>
               <PropertyData property="Material_Type">
                   <Data format="string">IsotropicMaterial</Data>
               </PropertyData>
               <PropertyData property="Version">
                   <Data format="string">4.0</Data>
               </PropertyData>
               <PropertyData property="Category">
                   <Data format="string">PLASTIC</Data>
               </PropertyData>
               <PropertyData property="CoatingsStudioMaterialName">
                 <Data format="string">ABS Plastic</Data>
               </PropertyData>
               <PropertyData property="CoatingsVisualizationColor">
                 <Data format="exponential">168, 168, 168</Data>
               </PropertyData>
               <PropertyData property="ColorID">
                 <Data format="integer">87</Data>
               </PropertyData>
           </BulkDetails>
        </Material>
   <MatML_Doc>

I want to get the value of the data property "ColorID" (i want the number 87) if the value of the node "Name" is ABS.
What is the usual procedure?
I add my Solution here:
private static int GetColorIdInXmlByMaterial(string material, XmlDocument doc)
 {
    XmlElement element = doc.DocumentElement;
    XmlNodeList xmlNodeList = element.SelectNodes("//BulkDetails");

    foreach(XmlNode node in xmlNodeList)
    {
        if (node["Name"].InnerText.Equals(material))
        {
            return Convert.ToInt32(node["ColorID"].InnerText);
        }
    }
    return 0;
 }

A: Use xml linq :
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        const string FILENAME = @"c:\temp\test.xml";
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(FILENAME);

            List<Material> meterials = doc.Descendants("Material").Select(x => new Material()
            {
                name = (string)x.Descendants("Name").FirstOrDefault(),
                className = (string)x.Descendants("Class").FirstOrDefault().Element("Name"),
                properties = x.Descendants("PropertyData").Select(y => new Property()
                {
                    property = (string)y.Attribute("property"),
                    format = (string)y.Element("Data").Attribute("format"),
                    value = (string)y.Element("Data")
                }).ToList()
            }).ToList();

            Dictionary<string, Material> dict = materials.GroupBy(x => x.name, y => y)
                .ToDictionary(x => x.Key, y => y.FirstOrDefault());

            Material lookup = dict["ABS"];
        }
    }
    public class Material
    {
        public string name { get; set; }
        public string className { get; set; }
        public List<Property> properties { get; set; }
    }
    public class Property
    {
        public string property { get; set; }
        public string format { get; set; }
        public string value { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Vigilant Biosciences Announces Oral Presentation on CD44 and Associated Markers in Oral Rinses and Tissues from Oral Cancer Patients at AHNS 9th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer
FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. and SEATTLE, AHNS Conference – July 13, 2016 – Vigilant Biosciences, Inc., a leading innovator and developer of solutions that aid in the early detection and intervention of cancer, today announced a presentation of data related to proof-of-concept studies by Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center ("Sylvester") at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, titled CD44 and Associated Markers in Oral Rinses and Tissues from Oral Cancer Patients.
These studies, led by Elizabeth Franzmann, M.D., a member of Sylvester, director of Head and Neck Research and associate professor at the Miller School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology, and Chief Scientific Officer of Vigilant Biosciences, demonstrated the ability to identify the presence of the tumor-initiating and stem cell associated biomarker CD44, together with total protein, to indicate an elevated risk for oral cancer, even prior to the observation of visual or physical symptoms, by using a simple, oral rinse procedure. The studies provided direction for the clinical development of Vigilant Biosciences OncAlert™ Oral Cancer and OncAlert™ Labs product lines.
The data will be presented in a podium presentation at the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) 9th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer, which will be held July 16-20, 2016, in Seattle, Washington, USA. Vigilant Biosciences will also be showcasing its OncAlert Oral Cancer and OncAlert Labs product lines at the AHNS conference in Booth #617.
Details for the poster session are as follows:
Title: "CD44 and Associated Markers in Oral Rinses and Tissues from Oral Cancer Patients"
Presenter: Erin R Cohen, M.D.
Date/Time: Monday, July 18, 2016, 10:45 a.m. – 12:15 p.m.
Scientific Session Number: S143
Session Name: Basic Science
Location: Tahoma 1
Additionally, Dr. Franzmann, along with Vigilant Biosciences Founder, Chairman and CEO, Matthew H.J. Kim, will present an oral presentation, "The Science of Earlier — Oral Cancer Biomarkers That Are Changing the Game," on Tuesday, July 19, at 12:15 p.m. at the AHNS Industry Theater, located in the exhibit hall.
The full schedule of events can be viewed at www.ahns2016.org.
The American Head and Neck Society is the largest organization in North America for the advancement of research and education in head and neck oncology. The AHNS 9th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer brings together head and neck surgeons, radiologists and oncologists, to discuss the treatment of head and neck cancer. This year's program theme is "Technology Transforming Head and Neck Cancer Care."
About Vigilant Biosciences Products
Vigilant Biosciences' product line is based on patented technology that measures an unprecedented combination of soluble CD44, a tumor-initiating and stem cell associated biomarker, and total protein levels – markers clinically validated to be associated specifically with oral cancer when measured in an oral rinse – to aid clinicians in the early detection and intervention of oral cancer. The simple, oral rinse procedure is easy to administer and non-invasive for the patient. Vigilant Biosciences' product line currently includes the OncAlert Labs OraMark Test, a laboratory developed test available only through OncAlert Labs, a CLIA certified laboratory; and the OncAlert™ Oral Cancer RAPID Test and the OncAlert™ Oral Cancer LAB Test, both CE Marked and available in select markets outside the United States.
The accurate, cost-effective tests can benefit every adult, with particular emphasis on high-risk populations (i.e., current and former tobacco users, those who consume excessive alcohol, and people with human papillomavirus).
About Oral Cancer
There are more than 440,000 new cases of oral cancer each year worldwide. More than 48,000 individuals estimated in the United States alone will be diagnosed with oral or oropharyngeal cancer this year with close to 9,600 deaths resulting from this disease, killing roughly one person per hour, 24 hours per day. Worldwide, the mortality rates reach up to an estimated 242,000 deaths each year from oral cancer. Historically the death rate associated with this cancer is particularly high due to late-stage diagnosis and intervention. Currently, the vast majority of patients are detected through a visual exam and/or are symptomatic, at which point they are likely late stage. As a result, oral cancer often goes undetected to the point of metastasizing. Early diagnosis of oral cancer results in a cure rate of up to 90 percent.
For more information or to set up a meeting with Vigilant Biosciences at AHNS, please contact Jennifer Moritz at jmoritz@0to5.com.
About Vigilant Biosciences, Inc.
Vigilant Biosciences is a leading innovator and developer of solutions that aid clinicians in the early detection and intervention of cancer. The Vigilant Biosciences OncAlertTM Oral Cancer product line and OncAlert Labs product line include point-of-care and lab-based products and services that are simple, accurate and cost-effective and that can empower healthcare practitioners to improve potential outcomes through earlier intervention. The OncAlert Oral Cancer LAB Test and the OncAlert Oral Cancer RAPID Test are CE Marked and available in select international markets outside the U.S. The OraMarkTM Test is a Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) that is only available in the U.S. exclusively through OncAlert Labs, LLC, a CLIA-certified laboratory and a member of the Vigilant Biosciences family of companies. For more information, visit www.vigilantbiosciences.com and www.oncalertlabs.com.