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The Legacy of John Williams Documentary Second Campaign Goes Live
By welshslider July 31, 2019
The Legacy of John Williams Doc "He Shoots, He Scores" by Jonah Bryson Second Campaign Has Gone Live
I find it remarkable that for all the wonderful music John Williams has given the world over the
decades, there hasn't really been a dedicated documentary on the maestro. Well Jonah Bryson is trying to fix that with a new doc called "He Shoots, He Scores." A brand new crowd funding campaign kicks off today and has some tempting perks. You could have your name in the credits or for just $25/£21 you can get this wonderful John Williams poster sent to you. Not only that we'll be one step closer to being able to watch this wonderful doc. Here's the full press release along with the link to the campaign. We'll also keep you up to date as we get further updates on this amazing project.
The second campaign release of filmmaker and musician Jonah Bryson's documentary "He Shoots, He Scores," will be live on 31 July 2019.
"He Shoots, He Scores" is a documentary that tells an inspirational story of an ordinary young boy who embarks on a journey to realize an impossible childhood dream: to meet his hero, 5-time Oscar-winning composer John Williams. "Just like how John Williams' uplifting music has brought to life so many iconic blockbuster movies of our time," composer and musician Michael Miller states, "I believe Jonah Bryson is about to bring to life a beautifully illuminating movie about John Williams that will inspire generations to come."
The documentary features the stars and crew behind blockbusters such as Jaws screenwriter Carl Gottlieb, Boba Fett actor Jeremy Bulloch of Star Wars, and interviews with musical colleagues of John Williams himself.
So many people remember the first time they saw Star Wars or heard the first few notes from Jaws. A film about John Williams and his music is sure to be a blockbuster.
The second campaign goes live today. For more information and to show the documentary your support, visit https://www.indiegogo.com/project/preview/849886ab#/ . The campaign won't be here long, so make sure to check it out before it's gone!
documentary he shoots he scores john williams
Labels: documentary he shoots he scores john williams


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Q: Multiple datasources annotated with Qualifiers always return the wrong datasource I am using old-school datasource activities - no JPA involved at all. So no persistence.xml or EntityManager.
I have a CDI producer as follows:
@Dependent
public class JdbcAdapterProviderProducer {

  @Resource(name = "jboss/datasources/DS1")
  @ConnectionPool(DS1)
  private DataSource ds1DataSource;

  @Resource(name = "jboss/datasources/DS2")
  @ConnectionPool(DS2)
  private DataSource ds2DataSource;

  @Produces @ConnectionPool(DS1)
  public JdbcAdapterProvider getDs1JdbcAdapterProvider() {
    return new JdbcAdapterProvider(ds1DataSource);
  }

  @Produces @ConnectionPool(DS2)
  public JdbcAdapterProvider getDs2JdbcAdapterProvider() {
    return new JdbcAdapterProvider(ds2DataSource);
  }
}

Which I then leverage by injecting like so:
@Inject @ConnectionPool(DS2)
private JdbcApdapterProvider jdbcAdapterProvider;

The problem is that the datasource that is getting injected isn't either of the ones I am trying to access. Specifically, it's always the jboss/datasources/ExampleDS datasource.
What am I doing wrong here?

A: Looks like you're getting mixed up with name vs lookup in your @Resource annotations:
name: defines the name of the resource reference, making it available (this as a "destination")
lookup: defines what to plug the resource reference into (think of this as the "source")
According to the Java EE 7 spec, a DataSource with no lookup will give you "java:comp/DefaultDataSource", so when you define an annotation like:
@Resource(name = "jboss/datasources/DS2")
@ConnectionPool(DS2)
private DataSource ds2DataSource;

This gets interpreted as:
@Resource(name = "jboss/datasources/DS2", lookup = "java:comp/DefaultDataSource")
@ConnectionPool(DS2)
private DataSource ds2DataSource;

which explains why you are getting jboss/datasources/ExampleDS back, because that datasource is probably what you get from looking java:comp/DefaultDataSource.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Who doesn't dream about winning the lottery? If you said you never did I'd think you were a right weirdo, and probably a liar! Sam and I often get chatting about if we were rich, normally when it's when we're driving through an area with big houses in affluent areas. The thing is unless one of us has a rich old relative we don't know about who is about to pop their clogs and leave us a few million then it's unlikely that we will ever turn our dreams into a reality! But hey, a girl can dream right?
So I'd quite like a country pad, one with half a dozen bedrooms and a nice office overlooking the grounds. An indoor pool and a gym would be nice as well as a big kitchen. I'd love a horse or two whilst we're at it! I often look on sites like Rightmove and click 'list by highest to lowest' and spend a good half an hour scrolling through pictures of mansions and huge barn conversions! Call me weird but I love to look at how people decorate places, some interiors are decidedly questionable considering how much money they've probably spent on them!
The next thing I'd do after choosing a nice home would be to invest well in something. I'd want to be doubly sure that my kids (and any kids they have!) would be well looked after when I'm long gone. I'd seek advice from a professional investor to ensure that everything was done well and would achieve the best return on my investments too. I'd set aside money for university if the kids wanted to go too.
Next up would be a holiday, I wrote recently about three places I would love to visit in Thailand, so that would be up on my 'must visit' destinations, though some sort of trek through rainforests in South America might come first – it's a real dream of mine! In fact buying a holiday home somewhere would be pretty nice, though I wouldn't have the first idea where to buy one! How could you restrict your future holidays to just one place?
A new car would be nice too, much as I love our ancient old estate car something a bit newer and a bit more reliable with a few less miles would be a welcome addition! Something like a BMW x6 or a Range Rover perhaps! Something with a big boot to chuck all the scooters and assorted stuff that we cart around with us! I think Sam would probably want something like a showy muscle car imported from America – but that's not exactly family friendly!
Like I said this is all very much a hypothetical 'what we'd do if we won a lot of money' wishlist, and probably not that dissimilar to anybody else. The thing is the chance of us suddenly coming into money is slim, we've got no long lost relatives that we know of and at the moment we don't play the lotto either! There is a way to improve your chances of a lottery win though, like playing the American Lotto online, with games like megamillions and the powerball, which created the second biggest jackpot of all time! I'd never even thought about playing our own lotto online, let alone increasing my chances by playing it in another country!
This post was written partnership with Lottoland.


Documentation of any performance, rehearsal, installation, music video. Creative and responsive filming style to capture the uniqueness of your work.
Beautiful and engaging edited film content to promote your company, performance, music, event.
To support your application for funding, residencies, commissions.
Creative collaborative projects in dance and music. If you've got an idea for a film project, get in touch!
Please note: I am on maternity leave until Autumn 2017.
I'm a Dance Filmmaker based in Bristol. I specialise in filming dance and editing gorgeous videos to suit any clients needs.
I love creating beautiful, engaging, professional video content using my skills as a trained dancer and video artist.
I'm a self-taught and motivated filmmaker, who relishes the opportunity to develop my skills and learn new filming techniques, so I can create awesome videos for my clients!
I have a personable and considerate approach to filming. I am inquisitive and engaged with each film project I work on and enjoy investigating the core of what my client wants to achieve.
Although I specialise in Dance, I'm always open to new collaborative projects in different sectors.
I use Adobe Creative Suite for my work, combining Premiere Pro (editing), Audition (audio), After Effects (titles & credits), Illustrator (logos). These softwares are forever updating so I always have some shiny new tool to learn and use in my filmmaking projects.
I've worked with some incredible people and organisations, including; Sadler's Wells Theatre, Siobhan Davies Dance, Swindon Dance, Dance Village, GDance, English Heritage, Phil King, AVA Dance Company, Bath Dance, Laila Diallo, John Ross Dance… to name just a few!
When I'm not working in dance, you can find me making underwater films of rivers and streams. I enjoy exploring alternative filmmaking practices and artistic perspectives, and these projects give me the opportunity to play with ideas and try something new.
I live in Bristol, I absolutely love my job and any opportunity I get, I travel!


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I'm in awe, as an avid do-it-yourself fan and just as a person.
During my recent foray into wardrobe minimalism and a general engagement on the philosophy of what to wear and where to find it, I've been thinking a lot about buying well-made clothes. And well made in two senses: made with a high degree quality and made in an ethical and socially responsible way. I'd love to jump off the fast fashion train entirely, but let me tell you, it is hard to find affordable, ethically made garments. If you get tired of searching, you could be like my friend Maggie, who just makes her own clothes.
Yes! She makes her own clothes. Even though I was homeschooled, I cannot even imagine attempting the same. But I find her endeavor so inspiring, and I wanted to sit down with her and talk about her lifestyle of dressing herself in handmade garments.


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\section{Introduction}

Chemotaxis refers to directed motion in response to a chemical signal \cite{eisenbachbook}. An  {\sl E. coli} cell uses its transmembrane receptors to sense the chemical environment and regulates its run-and-tumble motility to navigate \cite{berg2008coli, tu2013quantitative, colin2017emergent, lan2016information}. The intracellular signaling pathway that allows the cell to migrate towards more favorable environment is one of the most well-characterized systems in biology, both experimentally and theoretically \cite{berg1972chemotaxis, alon1999robustness,  keymer2006chemosensing, shimizu2010modular, tu2008modeling, bi2018stimulus, kafri2008steady, chatterjee2011chemotaxis}. How chemotactic behavior of the cell is affected by the diversity present across the cell population, or even by noise present within a single cell has received a lot of research attention lately \cite{emonet2008relationship, keegstra2017phenotypic, colin2017multiple, frankel2014adaptability, flores2012signaling, mello2020sequential, aquino2011optimal, dev2018optimal, shobhan, dev2015search, dev2019rnt, kamino2020adaptive, gumerov2021diversity, colin2021multiple}.

The transmembrane chemoreceptors bind and unbind to the attractant molecules in the extra-cellular environment and send a phosphorylation-based signal to the flagellar motors to control the run-and-tumble motion \cite{studdert2005insights, pontius2013adaptation, parkinson2015signaling}. Based on their phosphorylation activity, the chemoreceptors are considered to be in two different states, active and inactive \cite{tu2008modeling, jiang2010quantitative, keymer2006chemosensing}. In the active state the receptors promote phosphorylation which in turn induces clockwise rotation of the flagellar motors and the cell tumbles. In most experiments either the chemoreceptor activity, or the motor bias is measured as the chemotactic response of the cell \cite{block1982impulse, keegstra2017phenotypic, colin2017multiple, min2012chemotactic}. Following a stimulus signal in the form of a sudden change in attractant environment, these quantities undergo sharp change in the short time limit, followed by slow recovery in the long time limit, controlled by the adaptation module of the signaling network \cite{min2012chemotactic, frank2013prolonged, colin2017multiple, keegstra2017phenotypic}. Many experimental and theoretical studies in literature focus on this long time relaxation which gives information about the adaptation time-scale and how perfect or robust the adaptation process is. The early time sharp response is often interpreted as `chemotactic sensitivity' and larger the magnitude of deviation from pre-stimulus level, higher is considered the sensitivity \cite{sourjik2002receptor, waite2018behavioral, tu2013quantitative}. However, very little is known about the dynamics of the short time extremal response. How long does the cell need to reach its extremal response and how to characterize the properties of the signaling network at this time? In this work, we focus on these issues.

We use a theoretical model to describe the intracellular signaling network and run-and-tumble motility of the cell. Using extensive numerical simulations we measure the temporal variation of receptor activity and tumbling bias after the application of a step stimulus. We consider the case of step addition (removal) of attractant, {\sl i.e.} when the attractant level in the environment is suddenly increased (decreased) at time $t=0$ and then held at that elevated (reduced) level. In the pre-stimulus state $t<0$ and in the long time limit $t \to \infty$ the cell is expected to be in an adapted state with its environment and both activity and tumbling bias assume stationary values. However, these quantities show rapid variation with time immediately after the stimulus is given and reach extremal values at short times. We perform exact calculations to derive the extremal conditions for these quantities and find good agreement with simulations. Interestingly, these extremum conditions show some similarity with an adapted state, although the system is far from adaptation here.

Moreover, the time to reach the extremal response also shows interesting behavior for both activity and tumbling bias. The chemoreceptors have cooperative interaction among themselves which gives rise to receptor clustering \cite{maddock1993polar, pinas2016source}. This cooperativity amplifies the input signal and is the reason behind high sensitivity shown by the signaling network \cite{bray1998receptor, duke1999heightened, frank2016networked}. Our simulations show that there is an optimum size of the receptor cluster at which the cell reaches its extremal response in the shortest possible time. We explain the reason behind this interesting effect and we further argue that the same mechanism also yields an optimum step size of the stimulus at which the extremal response is reached fastest when the receptor cluster size is held fixed. Our numerical simulations verify this prediction. We also propose simple experiments to test our theory.

\section{Model description}
The chemoreceptors form trimer of dimers (TDs) and  each receptor cluster of size $n$ contains $n$ such TDs \cite{briegel2012bacterial} \cite{liu2012molecular}. For simplicity, we assume all clusters to be of same size. For a total of $N_{dim}$ dimers in the cell, there are $N_{dim}/3n$ number of clusters or signaling teams in the system. According to Monod-Wyman-Changeux (MWC) model \cite{monod1965nature, changeux2005allosteric} all receptors within one team switch their activity state in unison. The free energy difference $F$ (in units of $k_B T$) between the active and inactive states of a cluster of size $n$ has the form:
\begin{equation}
F = 3n \log \frac{1+[L]/K_{min}}{1+[L]/K_{max}} + 3n \epsilon_0 - \epsilon_1 \sum_{j=1}^{3n} m_j.   \label{eq:free}
\end{equation}
Here, $[L]$ denotes the attractant concentration in the extra-cellular environment and $m_j$ denotes the methylation level of the $j$-th dimer in the cluster which can take any integer value between $0$ and $8$. We explain in the next paragraph how the enzyme molecules present in the cell modify $m_j$ through their binding and unbinding kinetics. In steady state when the cell is fully adapted to its attractant environment, the total activity of the cell, defined as the fraction of receptor clusters in the active state, is given by the Boltzmann distribution $\langle [1+e^F]^{-1} \rangle $ where the angular bracket denotes averaging over all methylation levels. For a given receptor cluster, $F$ controls the transition between the active and inactive states. In our model we have chosen the transition rates from local detailed balance. A receptor cluster with a total methylation level $m = \sum_{j=1}^{3n} m_j $ can switch from an inactive to active state with a rate proportional to $[1+e^F]^{-1} $ while the reverse transition rate goes as $[1+e^{-F}]^{-1}$ \cite{colin2017multiple, shobhan, mandal2022effect, shobhaninjp}. These rates are explicit functions of $m$.

Methylating enzyme CheR and phosphorylated demethylating enzyme CheB-P modify the value of $m_j$ upon binding with the dimer. In its inactive state, the dimer gets methylated by CheR which raises $m_j$ by $1$, provided $m_j < 8$. Similarly in active state, CheB-P can lower $m_j$ by $1$ provided $m_j > 0$. In Appendix \ref{app:model} we include detailed description of binding-unbinding kinetics of the enzyme molecules. From Eq. \ref{eq:free} it follows that methylation decreases free energy (hence increases activity) and demethylation does the opposite. This constitutes the negative feedback which is responsible for adaptation in the system. In an {\sl E. coli} cell there are only few hundred enzyme molecules, as opposed to few thousand receptors. To explain the near-perfect adaptation \cite{goy1977sensory, berg1975transient} shown by the cell, mechanisms like assistance neighborhood or brachiation were proposed in earlier works \cite{levin2002binding, endres2006precise, hansen2008chemotaxis, kim2002dynamic, li2005adaptational}. In an assistance neighborhood model, one enzyme molecule, while being tethered to one particular dimer, can also modify the methylation levels of the neighboring receptors. In brachiation model, the enzyme molecule, once bound to a dimer can perform random walk on the receptor array and move from one dimer to others and modify their methylation levels. We include a flavor of these mechanisms in our simple model, as explained in more details in Appendix \ref{app:model}. The total activity $a$ of the cell determines the rotational bias of the flagellar motors. When the motors are in CCW rotation mode, they can switch to CW mode with rate $\omega e^{-G(a)}$ and the reverse switch happens with rate $\omega e^{G(a)}$ where the function $G(a)$ has been described in Appendix \ref{app:model}.

It follows from the discussion in the previous paragraph that the receptor activity acts as the connector between two principal modules of the chemotactic reaction network: sensing and adaptation. The sensing module responds to the stimulus signal by controling the run-and-tumble motion of the cell, while the adaptation module makes sure that the receptor activity does not get too high or too low. The schematic diagram of the reaction network presented in Fig. \ref{fig:model} makes this point clearer. The values of all model parameters are listed in Table \ref{table} in Appendix \ref{app:model}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=1.2]{schema3.eps}
\caption{Simplified schematic diagram of the signaling network inside an {\sl E. coli} cell.  The rates of (de)phosphorylation reactions and (de)methylation reactions are also shown.}
\label{fig:model}
\end{figure}

\section{Extremal value for receptor activity}

We consider a pre-stimulus attractant level $[L]_0$ with which the cell is completely adapted (also see Fig. \ref{fig:a0}). At time $t=0$ the attractant level is changed from $[L]_0$ to $[L]_1$. From the expression for free energy given in Eq. \ref{eq:free} it follows that for step addition (removal) of attractant $F$ shows a sharp increase (drop) at $t=0$. At subsequent times the methylation levels change slowly such that $F$ varies slowly with time and relaxes to its new post-stimulus adapted value. $F([L]_1, m(t))$ is the free energy difference between the active and inactive states of a receptor cluster whose methylation level is $m$ at time $t$. A receptor cluster at time $t$ switches from inactive to active state with a rate that is proportional to $(1+exp[{F([L]_1, m(t))}] )^{-1} $. In our simulations we average this time-varying rate over all receptor clusters with different methylation levels and plot the resulting quantity $ \langle [1+e^{F(t)} ]^{-1} \rangle $ in Fig. \ref{fig:db} (continuous lines). Here, the angular brackets denote averaging over various receptor clusters and for notational simplicity, we have not explicitly written the $[L]_1$ dependence of $F$.

In Fig. \ref{fig:db} we also show, by discrete symbols, the temporal variation of the average activity $\langle a(t) \rangle $ of the cell. We count the number of active clusters at time $t$ and divide it by the total number of clusters and average over histories. Our data show that $\langle a(t) \rangle$ starts changing immediately after the step stimulus is applied and after a finite amount of time $t_a$ it reaches its extremal value. For $t \gg t_a$ average activity gradually recovers towards the post-stimulus adapted level. For the same size of the step stimulus, we find larger change in activity as the receptor cluster size $n$ increases. We have also found that for the step addition and step removal of stimulus, the extremal response of the system shows an asymmetry. Our data in Fig. \ref{fig:asym} left panel compares the magnitude of extremal response between two step stimuli when $[L]_0$ and $[L]_1$ values are interchanged. We observe higher magnitude for the case of step removal. Interestingly, $t_a$ takes higher values for the case of step addition (see Fig. \ref{fig:asym} right panel.)  Earlier studies \cite{meir2010precision} \cite{min2012chemotactic} have reported asymmetry in the long time response of the system ({\sl e.g.} recovery time-scale) when the sign of the step is reversed. We find even in the short time response of the system, this asymmetry is present.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{db45_merge.eps}
\caption{Plot of average activity $\langle a(t) \rangle $ (discrete symbols) and $\langle [1+e^{F(t)} ]^{-1} \rangle $ (continuous lines) as a function of time. The left panel corresponds to step addition of stimulus with $[L]_0=200 \mu M$ and $[L]_1 = 250 \mu M$, while the right panel shows data for step removal with $[L]_0=300 \mu M$ and $[L]_1 = 200 \mu M$. Purple (cross) , green (squares) and blue (circles) colors correspond to different $n=5,10,15$, respectively. For all cases, at $t=t_a$ when the average activity hits its extremum level, $\langle a(t) \rangle $ and $\langle [1+e^{F(t)} ]^{-1} \rangle $ coincide. All other simulation parameters are as in Table \ref{table} of Appendix \ref{app:model}. }
\label{fig:db}
\end{figure}

It is seen from our data in Fig. \ref{fig:db} that for $t<0$ in the pre-stimulus stage, $\langle a(t) \rangle$ matches with $ \langle [1+e^{F(t)} ]^{-1} \rangle $, as expected for an adapted system. However, as soon as the step stimulus is applied, these two quantities start differing and one expects them to become equal again for very large times (not shown in Fig. \ref{fig:db}) when the system has readapted to its new attractant environment. For small times when the system is far from adaptation, one does not expect the probability to find a receptor cluster in active state to follow Boltzmann distribution. But our data show at $t=t_a$, the average activity  $\langle a(t) \rangle$ becomes momentarily equal to  $\langle [1+e^{F(t)} ]^{-1} \rangle $. In the next subsection we perform an exact calculation to explain this effect. Note that this phenomenon is distinctly different from a response overshoot which has been reported earlier for {\sl E. coli} adaptation \cite{min2012chemotactic, zhang2018motor}, where the response function crosses the post-stimulus adapted value (which is a time-independent quantity) before finally settling down to that value. In the present case, $\langle a(t) \rangle$ intersects another time-varying quantity $\langle [1+e^{F(t)} ]^{-1} \rangle $ at short times, which is different from $\langle a(t) \rangle$ overshooting its final steady state value $a_\infty$.

\subsection{Exact calculation for extremal activity}

Let $P(N_1,t)$ be the probability to find $N_1$ active receptor clusters at time $t$ after the stimulus has been applied. If $N$ is the total number of clusters, then $N_1$ can take any integer value between $0$ and $N$. For $N_1$ outside this range we assume $P(N_1,t) =0$ for all $t$.  The master equation governing time-evolution of $P(N_1,t)$ can be written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\frac{\partial P (N_1,t)}{\partial t} &=& \Gamma_{0 \rightarrow 1} (t) \left [ P(N_1 -1, t) (N-N_1 +1) - P(N_1,t) (N-N_1) \right ] \\
& +& \Gamma_{1 \rightarrow 0} (t) \left [ P(N_1+1,t) (N_1+1)-P(N_1,t) N_1 \right ]
\label{eq:pn1}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have defined  $\Gamma_{0 \rightarrow 1} (t)$ as the total transition rate from inactive to active state: $\Gamma_{0 \rightarrow 1} (t) = \sum_m \dfrac{w_a}{1+e^F} p(m,t|0)$ where the sum is over all possible methylation levels of a cluster. Here, $p(m,t|0)$ denotes the conditional probability that a cluster has total methylation level $m$, given that the cluster is inactive. As follows from Eq. \ref{eq:free}, the free energy $F$ depends on this total $m$. In a similar way one can define $\Gamma_{1 \rightarrow 0} (t) = \sum_m \dfrac{w_a e^F}{1+e^F} p(m,t|1)$. Multiplying Eqs. \ref{eq:pn1} by $N_1$ and summing over all $N_1$ allows for a large number of telescopic cancellations and we finally get
\begin{equation}
\frac{d \langle N_1(t) \rangle}{dt} = \Gamma_{0 \rightarrow 1} (t) (N-\langle N_1(t) \rangle ) -  \Gamma_{1 \rightarrow 0} (t) \langle N_1(t) \rangle
\end{equation}
The average activity $\langle a(t) \rangle $ is nothing but $\langle N_1(t) \rangle /N$ and hence left hand side of the above equation must vanish at $t=t_a$. This gives
\begin{equation}
\sum_m \frac{{\mathcal P}(m,t=t_a)}{1+e^F} = \sum_m p(m,1,t=t_a)
\label{eq:dbproof}
\end{equation}
where we have rewritten the conditional probabilities $p(m,t|0)$, $p(m,t|1)$ in terms of joint distributions $p(m,0,t)$, $p(m,1,t)$ and defined ${\mathcal P}(m,t) = p(m,0,t)+p(m,1,t)$. While  $p(m,1,t)$ denotes the joint probability to find an active receptor cluster with methylation level $m$ at time $t$, the quantity ${\mathcal P}(m,t)$ stands for the probability that a receptor cluster at time $t$ has methylation level $m$, irrespective of its activity state. The left hand side of Eq. \ref{eq:dbproof} is the expectation value of $[1+e^F]^{-1}$ calculated at $t=t_a$ and the right hand side is nothing but the probability to find a cluster in the active state, {\sl i.e.}
\begin{equation}
\langle a(t) \rangle \Big |_{t=t_a} = \langle [1+e^{F(t)}]^{-1} \rangle \Big |_{t=t_a}.
\label{eq:actdb}
\end{equation}
This explains our observation in Fig. \ref{fig:db}. Notice that on both sides of Eq. \ref{eq:actdb} the angular brackets indicate averaging over all receptor clusters, with different $m$ values. This averaging is crucial since no such equilibrium-like relationship holds at short times for each individual $m$ value. Only when a weighted average over different $m$ is considered, we have a simple relation like Eq. \ref{eq:actdb}. Indeed the time-evolution equation of the joint probability $p(m,1,t)$ would contain terms due to activity switching, as well as terms due to demethylation reactions (since active clusters only get demethylated). Only when summation over all $m$ values are performed, the terms corresponding to methylation dynamics cancel and we have Eq. \ref{eq:actdb}. Note that in our exact calculation above we have not used any specific time-scale for methylation. Our exact calculation remains valid for all time-scales. However, if we use the fact that methylation-demethylation reactions are much slower than activity switching events, then in the time-evolution equation for $p(m,1,t)$ we can neglect the demethylation terms which change $m$ and only retain the terms for activity switching. Thus, using time-scale separation, $\partial_t p(m,1,t)$ has a simpler form for each $m$. Averaging over different receptor clusters with different $m$ values and using the extremal condition at $t=t_a$ as before yields  Eq. \ref{eq:dbproof}.

A discussion about the choice of transition rates is in order here. In our model we have used the switching rate of a particular receptor cluster from an inactive to active state as $w_a/(1+e^F)$ and the rate of the reverse transition as $w_a e^F/(1+e^F)$. This specific choice is motivated from the switching dynamics for receptor activity used in \cite{colin2017multiple}. However, in principle, many other choices for the rates are possible which satisfy local detailed balance, {\sl i.e.} the ratio between forward and reverse transition equals $e^F$. Although even for these choices the extremal activity will still satisfy a relationship with free energy which is expected to hold only in adapted state, the specific form of this relationship may differ from Eq. \ref{eq:actdb}.

\subsection{ Optimum size of the step-stimulus for quickest extremal response}

To ensure that $t_a$ can be uniquely determined, we have considered only those ranges of step size or $n$ for which $\langle a(t) \rangle $ has a well-defined extremum. Since average activity can not be negative or larger than unity, the response of the system saturates when all clusters become active or inactive. The temporal variation of $\langle a(t) \rangle $ in that case shows a flat maximum or minimum from which $t_a$ can not be uniquely determined. To avoid this problem, we have here considered only those cases for which extremal value of activity remains strictly below $1$ and above $0$. We have verified that (Fig. \ref{fig:delact}) the difference between extremal activity and pre-stimulus activity increases linearly with the step size when the step size is small. The growth slows down for larger steps. In Fig. \ref{fig:tm} (left panel) we show the plot for $t_a$ with $n$ for step addition (purple circles) and step removal (green squares) of stimulus. Our data show in both cases $t_a$ shows a minimum with $n$. In other words, after the application of a step stimulus the system reaches its extremal response in the shortest possible time for a specific size of the receptor cluster.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{tm_merge.eps}
\caption{Left panel: $t_a$ shows a minimum with $n$. The purple circles correspond to an increase in background attractant concentration from $200 \mu M$ to $250 \mu M$ and the green squares correspond to a decrease from $300 \mu M$ to $200 \mu M$. Error-bars are shown most of which are smaller than the symbol size. Right panel: For step removal of stimulus, the extremal value of $\langle [1+e^{F(t)}]^{-1} \rangle$ approaches unity for large $n$. It starts decreasing with time only after a significant amount of demethylation manages to lower the magnitude of $F$, which takes longer as $n$ increases. These data correspond to $[L]_0 = 300 \mu M$ and $[L]_1 = 200 \mu M$ and different $n$ values are shown in legends.}
\label{fig:tm}
\end{figure}

To explain this observation, let us define $z(t) = \langle [1+e^{F(t)}]^{-1} \rangle -\langle a(t) \rangle $, which can be interpreted as a measure of distance from the adapted state. $z(t)$ is the difference between two terms each of which is bounded between $0$ and $1$. Eq. \ref{eq:actdb} means that $z(t_a) =0$. It follows from Eq. \ref{eq:free} that the change in $F$ at $t=0$ scales with $n$. Consider first the case of step-removal of attractant. For large $n$, the decrease in $F$ is so large that $\langle [1+e^F]^{-1} \rangle$ reaches very close to unity, which effectively blocks all transitions from active to inactive state. Until the magnitude of $F$ is significantly reduced during subsequent modification of methylation levels, this transition remains blocked and the activity of the system can only increase. In this time range $z(t) \approx 1-\langle a(t) \rangle$ which can never become zero, since we have considered only those cases for which extremal activity is strictly below unity. As $n$ increases, it takes longer for the system to lower its methylation level enough such that $\langle [1+e^F]^{-1}\rangle$ falls below unity and active to inactive transition is possible again and activity can start decreasing. Our data in Fig. \ref{fig:tm} (right panel) clearly show this trend where we find that as $n$ takes larger values, $\langle [1+e^F]^{-1} \rangle$ remains stuck to unity for a longer time before it decreases again. This explains why $t_a$ increases with $n$ for large $n$.

For small $n$, the change in $F$ is also scaled down and  $\langle [1+e^{F(t)}]^{-1} \rangle$ remains significantly below unity. In this case, the active to inactive transition occurs with a smaller rate and the reverse transition occurs with a larger rate. Both these rates depend on $n$  and as $n$ increases (still remaining small), the difference between these two transition rates also goes up. Therefore activity increases faster and $z(t)$ reaches zero quicker. Although $z(t=0)$ has a higher positive value for larger $n$ (owing to steeper rise of $\langle [1+e^{F(t)}]^{-1} \rangle$), the faster increase of activity still manages to close the gap in a smaller time. This explains why for small $n$ we find $t_a$ decreases with $n$. Decreasing trend for small $n$ and increasing trend for large $n$ gives rise to a minimum in $t_a$ for an intermediate $n$ value. Above argument can easily be generalized for step addition of stimulus as well.

The occurrence of $t_a$ minimum with $n$ can be explained even without using any specific expression for $z(t)$. The extremal time $t_a$ is the point from which activity variation reverses its trend. Because of $e^F$ ratio between the forward and reverse transition of activity switching, one transition is greatly favored over the other when $F$ undergoes sudden change at $t=0$. Starting from here, using the same line of reasoning as above, one can show that $t_a$ has a minimum with $n$. The specific relationship satisfied by activity and free energy at $t_a$ is not crucial to explain this minimum. Therefore, even if activity switching rates are chosen differently from what we have used in our present model, similar effect can be found.

 Note that when a larger step size is used, then the change in $F$ is also larger. Then it follows from the above discussion that $t_a$ would then start increasing with $n$ even for relatively smaller $n$ values. This means the position of the minimum would shift leftward towards smaller $n$. This is consistent with our data in Fig. \ref{fig:tm} (left panel). One interesting outcome of this argument is that for a fixed $n$, if one just varies the step size, it should be possible to see a minimum in $t_a$. In other words, there exists an optimal step size for which extremal response is reached in the smallest possible time. Indeed our data in Fig. \ref{fig:step} verify this interesting prediction. This result can be directly tested in experiments. From the above argument we also expect that as $n$ increases, the optimum step size should be lower, and our data in Fig. \ref{fig:step} verify this trend.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{step10n15.eps}
\caption{$t_a$ shows a minimum with the size of the step stimulus for a fixed $n$. The circles present data for $n=10$ and the square symbols correspond to $n=15$. We have used a pre-stimulus attractant concentration of $[L]_0=200 \mu M$ here and varied $[L]_1$ within the range from $205 \mu M$ to $300 \mu M$. The optimum step size decreases with $n$. }
\label{fig:step}
\end{figure}

\section{Extremal value of CW bias } \label{sec:cw}

Apart from activity, another experimentally relevant response function is the CW bias of the cell. Following application of a step stimulus, the variation of CW bias is recorded in experiments and the change in cell motility inferred from there \cite{min2012chemotactic}. In our simulations, we measure CW bias, defined as the probability to find the motors in the CW rotation mode. In Fig. \ref{fig:cwb} we show the temporal variation of CW bias for step addition and step removal of stimulus for different values of $n$. In the pre-stimulus state, CW bias remains constant with time. Immediately after the step stimulus is applied, CW bias starts changing rapidly with time, reaches an extremum value at time $t_{cw}$ beyond which its recovery starts. As found in the case of activity variation, the magnitude of the extremal response increases with $n$ for the same size of the step stimulus. From the left and right panels of Fig. \ref{fig:cwb} it can be seen that there is a significant asymmetry in the magnitude of extremal response for step addition and step removal. The extremal deviation from the pre-stimulus CW bias is much larger for the case of step removal than that of step addition. This is not surprising since the pre-stimulus value of CW bias is small and for step addition when CW bias decreases, its minimum value has to lie between the pre-stimulus value and zero. This restricts the magnitude of extremal response for step addition. However, for step removal, the CW bias can (in principle) increase all the way up to unity starting from a small pre-stimulus value. In other words, for an {\sl E. coli} cell in adapted state, the duration of CW rotation of the flagellar motors is much smaller ($\sim 0.2s$) compared to CCW rotational state duration ($\sim 1s$) which means the adapted value of CW bias is quite small. This makes the extremal response for step addition much smaller than step removal. In Fig. \ref{fig:cwasym} in the Appendix this effect is shown clearly. Our data in Fig. \ref{fig:cwm} also show that even for $t_{cw}$ there is an optimum $n$ for which $t_{cw}$ is minimum, although the error-bars are larger in this case and the minimum is comparatively shallower than what we had found for $t_a$ in Fig. \ref{fig:step}.
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{cw_merge.eps}
\caption{Temporal variation of CW bias in response to addition (removal) of step stimulus. The left panel shows data for step addition where attractant level has been changes from $[L]_0=200 \mu M$ to $[L]_1=220 \mu M$ at time $t=0$. The right panel contains data $[L[_0=220 \mu M$ and $[L]_1=200 \mu M$. Here, we have shown data for $n=5,10,15$ with purple plus, green cross, blue star, respectively. }
\label{fig:cwb}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{cwmin.eps}
\caption{$t_{cw}$ shows a minimum with $n$, for a fixed step size of the stimulus. Owing to large fluctuations in the CW bias data, the error-bars here are significantly larger. Here we have used $[L]_0=200 \mu M$ and $[L]_1=220 \mu M$.} \label{fig:cwm}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Exact calculation for extremal CW bias}
To analytically calculate the criterion for the extremal CW bias, we define $Q(cw,N_1,t)$ as the joint probability that the cell is found in CW-rotation mode with $N_1$ number of receptor clusters in the active state at time $t$. Similarly, $Q(ccw,N_1,t)$ can be defined. The master equation has the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\nonumber
\partial_t Q(cw,N_1,t) &=& \omega e^{-G(N_1)} Q (ccw,N_1,t) - \omega e^{G(N_1)} Q(cw,N_1,t) \\
\nonumber
 &+& \Gamma_{1 \to 0}(t)\left [(N_1+1)Q(cw,N_1+1,t) -N_1 Q(cw,N_1,t)\right ] \\
 &+& \Gamma_{0 \to 1}(t)\left [ (N-N_1+1)Q(cw,N_1-1,t) -(N-N_1)Q(cw,N_1,t) \right ].
\label{eq:cwt}
\end{eqnarray}
Here, $\omega e^{\pm G}$ are the activity dependent switching rates between the CCW and CW modes described in Appendix \ref{app:model} and the rates $\Gamma$ have the same definition as in Eq. \ref{eq:pn1}. Summing both sides of Eq. \ref{eq:cwt} over $N_1$ causes cancellation of all terms containing $\Gamma$ and we are left with
\begin{equation}
\partial_t {\cal Q}(cw,t) = \omega \left ( \langle e^{-G} \rangle_{ccw} - \langle e^G \rangle_{cw} \right)
\label{eq:cwmin}
\end{equation}
where ${\cal Q}(cw,t)$ is the CW bias (defined as the probability to find the cell in the CW mode at time $t$) and the right hand side contains averages performed over CCW mode and CW mode: $\langle e^G \rangle_{cw} = \sum_{N_1} e^{G(N_1)} Q(cw,N_1,t) $, etc. The left hand side of Eq. \ref{eq:cwmin} is zero at $t=t_{cw}$ when the CW bias reaches an extremum. In our simulations, we measure the averages $\langle e^G \rangle_{cw}$ and $\langle e^{-G} \rangle_{ccw}$ as a function of time. Physically, $\langle e^G \rangle_{cw}$ is the total transition flux from CW to CCW state at time $t$, and $\langle e^{-G} \rangle_{ccw}$ is the flux of reverse transition. The difference between these two fluxes gives rate of change of tumbling bias, as shown in Eq. \ref{eq:cwmin}. We plot this flux difference in  Fig. \ref{fig:cwdb} and our data clearly show that at $t=t_{cw}$ we indeed have
\begin{equation}
\langle e^{-G} \rangle_{ccw} = \langle e^G \rangle_{cw}.
\label{eq:cwadapt}
\end{equation}
This equality is expected to be satisfied when the system is in an adapted state. We have verified in our simulations (data not shown here) Eq. \ref{eq:cwadapt} holds in the pre-stimulus state, and long time after the stimulus is applied. Our data in Fig. \ref{fig:cwdb} shows at short time $t=t_{cw}$ also this equality is satisfied, as predicted by our simple calculation.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{cwdb.eps}
\caption{Right hand side of Eq. \ref{eq:cwmin} vs time. We have presented data for $n=10,15$. These data are for $[L]_0 = 220 \mu M$ and $[L]_1 =200 \mu M$. The corresponding $t_{cw}$ values are $4.3 \pm 0.2$ sec for $n=10$ and $3.6 \pm 0.2 $ sec for $n=15$. The zero-crossing of the curves happens at times which match well with $t_{cw}$. }
\label{fig:cwdb}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}

In this work we have studied short time response of an  {\sl E. coli} cell after application of a step stimulus. In contrast to many experimental and theoretical studies, where long time limit of the post-stimulus recovery is considered, our work highlights the importance of understanding the short time response of the cell. For example, many experiments measure the time-scale over which receptor activity or motor bias show half-way recovery  \cite{min2012chemotactic} \cite{keegstra2017phenotypic} \cite{frankel2014adaptability} but we show here it is important to take into account the variation of short time maximal response even before the recovery starts, and useful insights about the adaptation kinetics can be obtained from there. For example, the asymmetry in halfway recovery time-scale for step addition and step removal of stimuli has already been reported in literature \cite{min2012chemotactic}. We show here even the short time response of the cell shows this asymmetry. Our exact calculation for the extremal response at short times match well with our numerical simulations.

Many of our conclusions can be verified in experiments. The presence of an optimum step size of the stimulus which yields fastest extremal response is quite intriguing and can be directly tested using a tethered assay and FRET based setup \cite{colin2017multiple} \cite{keegstra2017phenotypic}. Experimentally it has also been possible to vary the strength of the cooperative interaction among the receptors which ultimately controls the size of the receptor clusters \cite{colin2017multiple}. Therefore it should be possible to check if there is an optimum interaction strength at which activity or CW bias hit their extremal values in the shortest possible time. Also, from the extremal activity value, one can indirectly estimate the methylation levels even when the system is far from adaptation. Note that it has not been possible till now to experimentally measure the receptor methylation levels in vivo and it can only be calculated indirectly from the knowledge of activity levels in the adapted state. Our results make it possible to get an idea of typical methylation levels of the receptors even when the post-stimulus activity is at its extremum.

How general are our results? Our main results remain valid irrespective of the kinetic details of the methylating or demethylating enzymes that regulate the adaptation module of the signaling network. Our conclusions are robust and should hold even for a model different from the one we have used here. We believe our research would open up new avenues of theoretical and experimental investigation of short time response of {\sl E. coli} chemotaxis.

\section{Acknowledgements}
SC acknowledges financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board, India (Grant No: MTR/2019/000946).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Co-Secretaries – The Secretaries are in charge of the management and presentation of our institutional memory. Secretaries maintains records and find creative and accessible ways to document our decisions, successes, plans, events, connections and directions. The Secretaries work with the Worcester Roots Coordinator to manage board documents and board role checklists.
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text:
Saudi Freestyle Wrestling, Feelgood Hit 'Sattar' To Get U.K. Release As Front Row Strikes Deal With Odeon Cinemas
EXCLUSIVE: Saudi feelgood comedy-drama Sattar, which has enjoyed a record-breaking theatrical run at home, will hit U.K. cinemas next month in a release spearheaded by MENA region distributor Front Row Filmed Entertainment.
Sattar, which is set in the world of freestyle wrestling, will be only the second Saudi Arabian film to be released theatrically in the U.K. after Haifa al-Mansour's ground-breaking 2012 international breakout Wadjda.
The film will launch on around 10 U.K. screens in London and other major U.K. cities, including Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Birmingham and Leeds, on February 10.
Deadline's Reviews Of The Oscar Best Picture Nominees
Front Row, which has struck a direct distribution, revenue-sharing deal with Odeon Cinemas, is aiming to catch the wave of the film's success in Saudi Arabia.
The target audience is Saudi Arabian and Gulf citizens living in the U.K. but Front Row expects it to appeal to a wider Arabic-speaking audience as well as local spectators without MENA ties.
Sattar was released in Saudi Arabia on December 29, after a premiere at the Red Sea International Film Festival, and then expanded in the rest of the Arabia Gulf on January 19.
The film has topped the Saudi box office for close to a month, drawing more spectators than Avatar: The Way Of Life in the territory.
To date, it has clocked up more than 370,000 admissions, for a box office of $5M, against 302,000 spectators and a $4.8M gross for Avatar across its six-week run. This result represents 37% of the total Saudi Arabian box office for 2023 to date.
The feel-good comedy-drama is directed by Kuwaiti director Abdullah Al Arak and stars popular Saudi Arabian actor and stand-up comedian Ibrahim Al Hajjaj, whose other credits include the action series Rashash and Netflix's Six Windows in the Desert.
Al Hajjaj plays a depressed man, with a string of failures in his professional and personal life, who decides to pursue his childhood dream of becoming a freestyle wrestler. After a rocky start, he sees a staggering change in fortunes when a top Pakistani coach takes him under his wing.
The feature is among a raft of Saudi Arabian dramas and comedies to have come to fruition as the local film industry continues to scale up in the wake of the lifting in at the end of 2017 of the country's 35-year cinema ban.
Front Row CEO Gianluca Chakra described the film's run in Saudi Arabia as "incredible" and explained that the success was groundbreaking.
"In general, Saudi titles have struggled to theatrically compete with Egyptian titles, which are considered the Hollywood of the Middle East, mainly due to the obsession of westernising these," he said.
"However, the creative team behind Sattar headed by Ibraheem Al Khairallah and Ayman Wattar made sure to stay authentic to Saudi culture making it a lot more relatable to the local audience while touching on an underground phenomenon that not many knew about: underground wrestling. It's no coincidence that PIF is rumored to have bid over $6B to acquire WWE."
The film is produced by AlShimaisi Films, Telfaz11 and Muvi Studios and distributed by Front Row Filmed Entertainment, and Front Row Arabia (KSA).
Front Row said further international releases will be announced in the future.
Tag: the catch bbc drama, the catch tv drama, the catch drama, the catch drama channel 5, catch the ghost dramacool. Reviews Of The Oscar Best Picture Nominees, Red Sea International Film Festival.
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Cristiano Ronaldo transfer sparks influx of Al-Nassr shirt sales as fans flock to store
film reviews triangle of sadness, all quiet on western front
All Quiet on the Western Front Release Date: Cast, Teaser, What is the Synopsis of All Quiet on the Western Front?
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why is $2Re\{c_n e^{\frac{j2n\pi t}{T}} \}$ equal to $2Re\{c_n \} cos{\frac{2n\pi t}{T}} - 2Im \{ c_n \} sin{ \frac{2n\pi t}{T}} $? Why is $2Re\{c_n e^{\frac{j2n\pi t}{T}} \}$ equal to $2Re\{c_n \} cos{\frac{2n\pi t}{T}} - 2Im \{ c_n \} sin{ \frac{2n\pi t}{T}}  $ in the Fourier series?
See images below:
$C_n$
Derivation

A: If you have a complex number $z$ you can write it as $\Re(z)+i\Im(z)$ where $\Re$ and $\Im$ are the real and imaginary functions and return purely real values.
So consider the product of two complex numbers $z_1$ and $z_2$:
$z_1\cdot z_2=(\Re(z_1)+i\Im(z_1))(\Re(z_2)+i\Im(z_2))$
$z_1\cdot z_2=(\Re(z_1)\Re(z_2)-\Im(z_1\Im(z_2))+i(\Re(z_1)\Im(z_2)+\Re(z_2)\Im(z_1))$
So $\Re(z_1\cdot z_2)=\Re(z_1)\Re(z_2)-\Im(z_1)\Im(z_2)$
Apply this to your situation: $c_n e^\frac{j2n\pi t}{T}$
$z_1=c_n$ and $z_2=e^\frac{j2n\pi t}{T}$
The real and imaginary functions applied to $e^{i\theta}$ gives $\cos\theta$ and $\sin\theta$ respectively. This leads to your answer.

A: Elementary,
consider to complex numbers a and b,
$$
a = a_1+i*a_2\ and\ b = b_1+i*b_2
$$
$$
Re(a*b) = Re((a_1+i a_2)*(b_1+i*b_2)) = Re((a_1*b_1-a_2*b_2)+i*(a_1*b_2+a_2*b_1)) = a_1*b_1-a_2*b_2 = Re(a)*Re(b)-Im(a)*Im(b)
$$
S0 if you consider $C_n$ as complex number
$$
Re(C_n*e^{j2n\pi t/T}) = Re(C_n)*Re(e^{j2n\pi t/T}) - Im(C_n)*Im(e^{j2n\pi t/T}) = Re(C_n)*cos(j2n\pi t/T) - Im(C_n)*sin(j2n\pi t/T)
$$


Dharamshala has been chosen to host two Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket matches in season 2010. This is the first time that the IPL matches have been allotted to the Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association (HPCA).
Two IPL matches will be played at the International Cricket Stadium in Dharamsala on April 16 and 18, HPCA president Anurag Thakur was quoted in the media. The first match would be a day and night affair, while the second one on April 18 would be played during the day, he said.
Anurag Thakur said the Himachal Pradesh government had been requested to extend the Gaggal airport to accommodate the landing of bigger aircrafts and to make provision for night landing facilities.
He also informed the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) has also decided to hold the National Indoor Games 2010 in the state. Thakur said the games would be held at various venues, but mainly in the newly built indoor stadium in Dharamsala.
The IPL matches will turnout to be big business for Dharamshala. About 700 rooms for cricket players, officials, media teams, technicians etc would be required besides thousands of cricket lovers are expected to visit the town to watch the matches.
One Response to "Dharamshala to host two IPL matches in season 2010"


Apart from clinical work, he is also involved in the training of doctors and residents as a visiting consultant in Singapore General Hospital (SGH). He was an Adjunct Assistant Professor with the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School. He has published and presented on various plastic surgical topics in North America, Europe and several parts of Asia. ... See more [ + ]He had also presented and demonstrated techniques of fat grafting to local surgeons in a workshop along with a renowned expert from Korea.


Families of policemen killed in the line of duty last year will each get a R40000 grant, Crime Line said yesterday. Crime Line head Yusuf Abramjee said the money, from a radio fundraiser last year, would be given to 38 families on Wednesday.
"The nation is very concerned about cop killings and we want to make a difference," he said.
A "goodwill payment" will be made to the family of Constable Francis Rasuge, whose remains were found buried at the home of her killer, William Nkuna, on March 20, eight years after she went missing.
"It was decided to add the Rasuge family to the list of beneficiaries because Francis's disappearance gripped the nation. After eight years, there is finally closure," Abramjee said.
An undertaker had offered to donate a tombstone and arrange the burial without charge. Abramjee thanked the public for their donations to help families of the police's "fallen heroes".
Educational trust to benefit children of fallen police officers 05-9-2010 Pretoria - In what police has described as a first-of-its-kind, the South African Police Service (SAPS) is to establish an educational trust fund that will benefit children whose parents or guardians have died in the line of duty.


text:
Oldwig Wilhelm Ferdinand von Natzmer (* 21. Juni 1842 in Potsdam; † 29. März 1899 in Charlottenburg) war ein preußischer Generalleutnant.

Leben
Oldwig entstammte dem pommerschen Adelsgeschlecht von Natzmer, aus dem eine Reihe von preußischen Generalen hervorgingen. Er war ein Sohn des Generalmajors Ferdinand von Natzmer (1815–1868) und dessen erster Ehefrau Marie, geborene von Dresky (1824–1847).

Militärkarriere
Natzmer trat nach dem Besuch des Kadettenkorps am 6. März 1860 als charakterisierter Portepeefähnrich in das 1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß der Preußischen Armee ein und avancierte bis Mitte Juni 1861 zum Sekondeleutnant. Als solcher nahm er 1866 am Krieg gegen Österreich teil. Unter Beförderung zum Premierleutnant erfolgte Ende September 1867 seine Versetzung in das Anhaltinische Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 93. Mit diesem Verband wirkte er 1870 nach dem Beginn des Krieges gegen Frankreich in den Kämpfen bei Beaumont und Sedan sowie vor Paris. Ausgezeichnet mit dem Eisernen Kreuz II. Klasse und dem Ritterzeichen I. Klasse des Hausordens Albrechts des Bären mit Schwertern wurde Natzmer während der Belagerung von Paris am 30. November 1870 in das 1. Garde-Regiment zu Fuß rückversetzt und Ende Dezember 1870 unter Beförderung zum Hauptmann zum Chef der 5. Kompanie ernannt.

Nach dem Friedensschluss wurde Natzmer Mitte Januar 1874 Chef der Leib-Kompanie und Ende August 1881 zum überzähligen Major befördert. Ende Mai 1882 rückte er zum etatmäßigen Stabsoffizier auf und war vom 22. Mai 1883 bis zum 16. Juni 1887 Kommandeur des I. Bataillons. Daran schloss sich eine Verwendung als Kommandeur des Lehr-Infanterie-Bataillons sowie am 2. August 1888 die Beförderung zum Oberstleutnant an.

Zum 24. März 1890 schied Natzmer zwecks Übertritt zur Kaiserlichen Marine aus der Armee aus. Unter Stellung à la suite wurde er mit dem Rang eines Regimentskommandeurs zum Inspekteur der Marineinfanterie ernannt und in dieser Eigenschaft am 10. September 1890 zum Oberst befördert.

Mit der Ernennung zum Kommandeur des 1. Garde-Regiments zu Fuß trat Natzmer wieder in die Armee über und wurde am 2. Mai 1891 unter Belassung in seinem Dienstverhältnis zum Flügeladjutanten von Kaiser Wilhelm II. ernannt. Unter weiterer Belassung in seinem Verhältnis als Flügeladjutant erfolgte am 9. Februar 1893 seine Ernennung zum Kommandanten von Berlin. Natzmer stieg am 14. Mai 1894 zum Generalmajor auf, wurde anlässlich des Ordensfestes im Januar 1898 mit dem Stern zum Kronen-Orden II. Klasse ausgezeichnet und Ende des Monats zum Generalleutnant befördert.

Am 15. Juni 1898 wurde Natzmer zum Kommandeur der 5. Division in Frankfurt (Oder) ernannt, die er am 25. Juli 1898 aus gesundheitlichen Gründen vertretungsweise an den kommandierten Generalleutnant Martin Köpke übergab. Da sich sein Gesundheitszustand nicht besserte, wurde er am 3. September 1898 in Genehmigung seines Abschiedsgesuches mit Pension zur Disposition gestellt. Anlässlich seiner Verabschiedung würdigte ihn Kaiser Wilhelm II. mit dem Stern zum Roten Adlerorden II. Klasse mit Eichenlaub.

Familie
Natzmer hatte sich am 20. Oktober 1871 in Potsdam mit Helene von Natzmer (* 1846) verheiratet. Aus der Ehe gingen die Töchter Erna (* 1872), Irmgard (* 1877) und Gabriele (* 1881) hervor. Der einzige Sohn Oldwig Albrecht (* 1872) schlug eine Offizierslaufbahn in der Preußischen Armee ein und war zuletzt als Oberstleutnant Flügeladjutant des Fürsten Leopold IV. zur Lippe.

Literatur
 Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Adeligen Häuser. 1906. Siebenter Jahrgang, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1905, S. 524.
 A. Heye: Die Marine-Infanterie vom 23. Dezember 1849 bis 1. Oktober 1890. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1891, S. 163.
 Offizier-Stammliste des Ersten Garde-Regiments zu Fuß. 1869–1913. Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1913, S. 58–59.

Einzelnachweise

Generalleutnant (Königreich Preußen)
Person im Deutschen Krieg
Person im Deutsch-Französischen Krieg
Träger des Roten Adlerordens 2. Klasse
Träger des Preußischen Königlichen Kronenordens 2. Klasse
Träger des Eisernen Kreuzes II. Klasse
Ritter des Königlichen Hausordens von Hohenzollern
Ehrenkomtur des Fürstlichen Hausordens von Hohenzollern
Ritter des Hausordens Albrechts des Bären
Träger des Ordens vom Zähringer Löwen (Kommandeur I. Klasse)
Träger des Bayerischen Militärverdienstordens (Großkomtur)
Träger des Großherzoglich Hessischen Verdienstordens (Komtur II. Klasse)
Träger des Albrechts-Ordens (Komtur 1. Klasse)
Träger des Hausordens vom Weißen Falken (Kommandeur)
Träger des Herzoglich Sachsen-Ernestinischen Hausordens (Komtur I. Klasse)
Träger des Lippischen Hausordens
Träger des Ehrenkreuzes von Schwarzburg
Kommentur I. Klasse des Friedrichs-Ordens
Träger des St. Alexander-Ordens
Träger des Ordens vom Doppelten Drachen
Träger des Ordens der Krone von Italien (Großkomtur)
Ritter des Nassauischen Hausordens vom Goldenen Löwen
Träger des Ordens von Oranien-Nassau (Großoffizier)
Träger des Ordens der Eisernen Krone (II. Klasse)
Träger des Franz-Joseph-Ordens (Großkreuz)
Träger des Sonnen- und Löwenordens
Träger des Sterns von Rumänien (Komtur)
Träger des Ordens des Heiligen Wladimir
Marineinfanterist (Kaiserliche Marine)
Infanterist (Preußen)
Oldwig
Deutscher
Geboren 1842
Gestorben 1899
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Ubuntu 13.10 installer (alongside windows 8) and gpt partition I found several answers regarding that issue but I'd still like to get some confirmation on how to behave in this situation. I bought a quite recent laptop with a pre-installed Windows 8 on a 128Gb SSD primary hard-drive . As I use it as a working gear, I need to install Ubuntu on it. While launching the Ubuntu installer from a USB flash drive (after deactivating the quick start, the graphic acceleration etc. in the Bios) a finally get there but another problem showed up as Ubuntu installer does not detect my windows 8 partition. The "other option" can be selected but I'd rather not as I do not want to break my windows 8 partition (and I saw several posts on forums where the grub-repair or boot-repair or magic-boot-repair) failed. It clearly seems related to the GPT partition aspect.
Because of the GPT partition on my primary hard drive (where windows 8 is installed), Ubuntu installer fails to detect Windows 8. The only solution I found for now appears to be the removal of the GPT partition (using fixparts or gdisk). My problem is the following:

*

*If I do delete the GPT partition, will my windows 8 partition remain intact and be able to boot (since apparently the different BIOS can or cannot handle disk with or without GPT partition)

*I want to install Ubuntu on my other hard drive (which is a 1Tb classic hard drive) and let the primary hard drive only for windows 8 (which is a 128Gb SSD hard drive) so do I need to do so or should I just install Ubuntu by making my own partitions manually and then restore grub (using boot-repair for example) to go back to the classical dual-boot menu?
A long story short, the option I'd like to take is the "Install Ubuntu alongside windows 8" and no more questions asked and get everything working/launching without restoring or modifying the MBR or moving it to another hard-drive to preserve my neat and working windows partition but I am not sure this is actually possible.
Sorry for the long post and thank you in advance.

A: There's no such thing as a "GPT partition" in quite the sense that you seem to be suggesting. The GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a partition table -- that is, it's a data structure that defines partitions. The entire disk must be either GPT or something else, such as the older Master Boot Record (MBR) partition table. Thus, deleting the GPT data would delete all the partitions on the disk, which you probably don't want to do.
That said, some disks are actually MBR disks but they have leftover GPT data from an earlier partitioning of the disk. This situation can cause parted, GParted, the Ubuntu installer, and some other tools to mistakenly believe that the disk is empty. The FixParts program that you mentioned can detect and correct this problem. I don't believe this is your problem, though; computers that ship with Windows 8 almost always use GPT, so unless you re-installed Windows using MBR, your disk should legitimately be GPT. You can test this by running FixParts on the disk; if it terminates with a message to the effect that the disk is a GPT disk, then that's what it is.
I haven't researched the issue in detail, but the Ubuntu installer seems to have a bug that causes it to not provide the "install alongside" option for many computers that ship with Windows 8 pre-installed. I suspect that this is the issue you're seeing. Unfortunately, the only solution I know of is to use the "something else" option. Note that you'll almost certainly need to correctly identify your EFI System Partition (ESP) to the installer. It's a FAT32 partition, typically 100-1000MB in size, and you tell the installer to use it as an "EFI boot partition." (Why the developers chose too change "system" to "boot" is beyond me. Such changes just create confusion; but I digress....)

A: I've had this issue as well and after experimenting for a while, in found out that it's not windows 8 causing the problem at all. I set up a dual boot with windows 7 and ubuntu 13.10 too and I faced the same problem.
The solution is very simple if you know what's causing it. The reason that ubuntu does not detect your windows installation is because you have a new laptop, newer systems usually use a UEFI, it looks like ubuntu isn't really optimised for this. In your bios settings, you have to search for an option to set it from UEFI to Legacy. After doing that you should be able to install ubuntu alongside windows 8 without a problem.

A: I had the same issue. I installed Windows 8 on a GPT formatted disk and when I tried to install Ubuntu 13.10 it didn't even recognize Windows existed. You must format your disk to the mbr format to have Ubuntu recognize windows. This is because the GPT partition format does not gel with Ubuntu that well though you can install it. Here's what I did that worked:
NOTE: Back up all necessary files. You are about to lose EVERYTHING. You are about to do a fresh install of BOTH Windows 8 and whichever Ubuntu version.
1) Have a bootable Windows 8 on a CD, USB or whatever
2) Turn on the machine and press F2 or whichever button brings up your UEFI menu (some
   of us refer to this as the BIOS menu)
3) Under the boot tab change the setting from "UEFI" to "Legacy Support"
4) Save and exit then bring up your boot device selection menu by pressing F10, F11 or
   F12 (whichever your laptop brand requires)
5) Select the device with Windows 8 from the menu
6) You will be given two options. A big button for installing Windows 8 and a smaller,
   underlined string to the bottom left to repair your PC.
7) Press Shift+F10 to bring up command prompt
8) Type "diskpart" to be brought to the DISKPART command section
9) Type "list disk" to show your disks and relevant info
10) Type "select disk #" to select the disk you want to convert. For example, mine was
    disk 0 so I typed "select disk 0". It's always the one with the biggest space
11) After being informed that the disk is now selected type "clean". This may or may not
    take a while
12) After being informed that the operation was successful type "convert mbr".
13) After a successful confirmation message, close the command prompt and proceed to
    install Windows 8
14) You may then install Ubuntu after restart.
NOTE: DON NOT USE WUBI TO INSTALL UBUNTU ALONGSIDE WINDOWS 8
Instead of selecting "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8" I recommend selecting the
"Something Else" option and adjusting your partitions yourself.


text:
Q: How to change indexing while using \begin{enumerate}? I am writing theoretical solutions for an exercise with multiple parts. However, not all questions are theoretical and so let's say that out 5 questions, I only need the indices 1, 3 and 5. I can suppress the indices by using * as shown below:
\begin{enumerate}
\item 1)
\item 3)
\item 5)
\end{enumerate}

But I was wondering if there is a better workaround to these situations.

A: If I understand you correctly, this is the solution to your problem:
\begin{enumerate}
\item[1)]
\item[3)]
\item[5)]
\end{enumerate}

Which putputs this:


So you find yourself in Kolkata on your spiritual awakening tour of India or because you talked back to your boss and got a transfer that no amount of headbanging changed... Regardless of how you got here, you are or will soon be in Kolkata. What do you do? How do you get around?
The people of Kolkata are inherently curious. We still haven't learnt the detached efficiency in that you see in Delhi or the overwhelming and focussed busy-ness that you see on the streets of Mumbai. We are relaxed creatures, yes we have somewhere to go, but it can wait - being on time is of secondary importance to offering some unsolicited advice to a tourist. Yes, we are inherently curious, sometimes to the point of being nosy - what do you do, where do you come from, what kind of food do you feed your two dogs and so on.
If you know how to handle us, it is most likely that you will find your stay in Kolkata pleasant.
Kolkata for Indian non-Kolkatans/Bengalis is easy. There is a multicultural presence in the city, much as any other Indian metropolitans. Unlike in Chennai, people will speak Hindi readily and you can comfortably get around without speaking Bengali. Infact, most of the taxi drivers these days are from the neighbouring state of Bihar and speak mainly Hindi.
For foreigners, being in Kolkata, as any other Indian cities, need a bit of prepping. If you are White, people will stare. There is nothing you can do about it. It is our long obsession with white folks since the days of the Raj. If you are Black (I think it is now politically correct to use Black), people will stare and there is nothing you can do about it. If you are Yellow (the kind Americans refer to as Asian and Indians brand as Chinese no matter which country you are from), people will stare and you could probably stare back a little or not wear that camera around your neck all the time and pass off as people from north-east India. We stare because Kolkata is still not as international as Delhi and Mumbai. We stare because you are not like us.
Once I saw a Jamaican guy get very worked up that someone stared at him. So, this Jamaican goes all "What maan? You think I am funny maan?" right in the poor bespectacled guy's face. You know how everything Jamaican folks do look cool? The scene was pretty cool to watch, I wish Mr. India didn't run off mumbling something so that Mr. Jamaica would keep talking... they have the best accent or what? But I digress, my point is you can't come all cool and rastafarian with your swagger and your dreadlocks and not expect us to stare.
You will find that locals anywhere are more likely to help if you make an effort at blending in. The one travel tip that applies world over and that all travellers know is to study the actions of the locals. When in Kolkata, do as the Kolkatans do.
I have seen a group of American tourists surrounded by street urchins in Kolkata. Most Americans who come to Kolkata or India in general, feel the need to hand out candy or large bills of money to beggars. Do understand that most of the beggars especially the kids are placed there by slum-lords who get the major share of all their earnings. Giving them money only encourages these people to force more children into begging. There are lot of charitable organisations and NGOs that are working for the benefit of the poor. Donate to them, not to those on the streets. There are always more beggars around and if you give money to one, chances are you will get mobbed by others. Do not pay the beggars. You will see most locals ignoring them. Just walk by, do not establish eye contact and say a firm "no" if they approach you.
Dress like a local. I don't mean you must wear the local dress but see how the locals dress and dress accordingly while keeping your individual style. And this is especially true for the female international travels. People in my city do not wear spaghetti tops and shorts on the streets. If you wear that, you will draw unwanted attention.
Kolkata is much safer compared to many other Indian mega cities but even so, it pays to be alert. When in need of help, do not take help from people who seem overly eager. Pickpockets and frauds are not uncommon. Be wary of allowing someone else to hold your belongings on the street or on public transport. Use your judgement in choosing the person to approach for help. The police in white will be able to help more than the nervous home guard in Khaki. Kolkata is by nature a helpful place and people will approach you if they see you need assistance. Take help but do not trust anyone blindly and always keep a tab on your valuables.
Finally, what gets the locals to immediately warm up to you is to try and speak their language. People of Kolkata are always flattered when an outsider tries to speak Bengali. It is not necessary of course, most Kolkatans speak good English and workable Hindi but it is nice if you learn a few phrases in Bengali and use them. You will be amazed to see how much friendlier people become, just because you tried.
In Kolkata, you will find warm people, good music and better food. You will find a generous spirit and spirituality. Yes, people will stare at you but they will also come forward with a smile to help.
We stare because we care.
As earlier pieces the wonderful web of words successfully portrays the spirit of Kolkata - even without a picture. Good to read, definitely better to understand. The special line "We stare because we care" is just brilliant.


text:
Can We Reserve For The Ones Who Deserve?
By Singh Aishwarya | Views 5538
Reservation a system, that has a prolonged historical background and reasons for its existence. It was created for the adequate representation and upliftment of the backward and marginalized sections of the people.. But, is the system of reservation fair for everyone? Aren�t the deserving persons trapped between the walls of this system? This article is not written to demean the policies of reservation but to have a look on various aspects of it that are essentially needed to be modified. This article is mainly concerned about the situation prevalent in the educational institutions and the depravity of this system.
The main motive of this article is to find the answer of this question that:
whether it is justified that the ability and potential of the individual is not taken into consideration while admitting the students into various educational institutions? Why this reservation system allows the admission of students even after scoring lower marks and reject the others in spite of decent marks? Why the criteria is like that? Just because they don�t fall into the SC, ST or OBC category?
What is Reservation?
Reservation is a system that has been provided to the unprivileged and disadvantaged people for their representation in various fields such as Education, Jobs, Politics and so on.
Emergence of the Reservation system
As we all are very well acquainted with the fact that the issue of religion and caste have always been a trigger point in our nation. It has the potential to aggravate conflicts among different communities. A very well example through which we can relate is the division of our country into two nations on the basis of religion.
In the historical period, Hindus were divided among Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. The Shudras were treated as backwards and untouchables and they were even considered as slaves and inferiors .Even the well known personalities like B.R Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi faced a lot of inhuman behaviour because they were considered as Dalits.
In 1882, William Hunter and Jyotiba phule, formed the idea of caste-based reservation system. Various decisions were made afterwards, regarding the reservation and then came the most prominent one The Mandal Commission of 1991. It was observed that almost 52% of the total population belongs to the other Backward classes and that led to the acceptance of proposal by B.P Mandal in 1990. The Mandal Commission was accepted, reserving 27% seats for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
After that in 1992, the landmark judgement given by the Supreme court in Indra sawhney v. Union of India stated that the state shall not raise the cap of 50% in reservation.
Currently,15% reservation is for the SC, 7.5% for ST,27% for the OBCs and 10% for the EWS category, that has been proposed by 103rd constitutional amendment,2019.
Constitutional provisions for Reservations in India
There are many provisions of the constitution for the protection of marginalized and the reservation system.
Article 15(1) of the Indian constitution talks about the reservation of SC, ST in legislatures, Article 15(2) states about the reservation of PRIs of women ST, SC and also ta the special provisions for the OBCs. Article 15(3) talks about the reservation of SC,ST and OBCs in educational institutions
Article 16(1) of the Indian Constitution talks about the reservation of ST/SC/OBC in public employment and Article 16(2) talks about reservation of SC,ST in promotions on the basis of seniority.
Section 29(2) of the Indian constitution prevents any educational institution to deny admission to students on the basis of caste, race, religion or language.
Article 46 states about the promotion of Educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people. It protects them from injustice of the society.
Article 334(a) of the Indian constitution deals with the reservation of seats for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the Lok sabha(the house of people) and the Rajya Sabha.
Article 335 of the Indian constitution states about the appointments of scheduled castes and scheduled Tribes in different posts and services in connection with the Union or State.
Article 342(A) of the Indian constitution gives power to the president to specify a particular caste as socially or educationally backward.
Can�t this current system of reservation be modified on the basis of the ability of individuals? As stated under article 29(2) of the constitution of India that it shall prevent educational institution from not admitting students on the basis of religion, caste, race, or language, but the educational institutions are doing the same with the general category students. Only the way of rejection is slightly different and indirect. Can�t this setting of different cut off marks for a lot of government exams on the basis of caste promotes discrimination?
In almost all the government competitive examinations, the prescribed marks to qualify the exam for the SC,ST is much lesser than what is required for a general category student to qualify in that particular examination. WHY? Are these students less competitive than the general category student? Or Does knowledge varies from caste to caste? Does the adequate social representation means Giving privilege to the undeserved?
Just think of the injustice that is happening in this scenario with students who fall under the general category. In spite of putting a lot of hard work, they are not able to get into their dream college.
And yes, it�s not that only the financially weaker sections are getting the benefits of this system, but the whole people( even the ones who are financially and socially strong) are taking the advantage of this system. You cannot segregate the heights of knowledge on the basis of caste. It is not the case that general category students have more potential than the other reserved category students. They all are same then why the criteria to judge their knowledge and potential is different?
As we know very well that our education sector is deteriorating day by day due to ample number of reasons. One of them is this system of reservation in which the potential students are left out and the undeserving candidates,( just by falling into a reserved category)make it to the ladder. This phenomena has decreased the motivation among students to work hard and dream success. Ample number of students give examinations like NEET, JEE, CLAT, AILET, UPSC and so on and the reservation system also works there.
The students with even rank 20,000 get into the college but the one with rank 2400 is unable to make into it just because he is not qualified for the admission and yes also because he falls into the general category.
A lot of students commit suicide just because they don�t get a seat in their dream college and the fact is, those seats are snatched away from them by the Reserved.
The government should give the support of reservations in educational institutions to only those who can�t afford the education, or are financially very weak
Today, the situation is more like Making Hay while The Sun Shines, i.e the people with enough resources are also capitalizing on the advantage and this needs to be stopped.
There is a need to create a mechanism for verification of documents to verify, who are actually deprived of the privilege and who are not.
As 10% reservation is given to the Economically weaker sections according to the 103rd constitutional amendment, this criteria should also be applicable in case of SC and ST( especially in educational institutions). Reservation in the educational institutions should be given to the financially weaker sections of not only the general caste people, but also to the SC, ST. This will promote equality among the individuals and the students will not suffer due to the flawed system.
There should be prevention of discrimination that is inculcated by different requirements of the qualifying marks in order to get into that institution. There must be equal cut off marks for all students irrespective of different caste or religion. Whether it be SC, ST or a general caste student, He/she should be judged on an equal criteria.
The reservation system was needed to adequately represent the backward community, the community which was considered as inferior since the time immemorial. This system was made to rectify the injustice that had been done to them and also to promote equality among the individuals. But, the ground reality is very harsh. Annihilation of casteism is the first step towards nullifying this system of reservation. But, it is not possible to nullify the reservation system totally as we have came so far.
Nonetheless, some changes can be made in spite of this fact. The modification in the present reservation system is need of the hour. For the sake of students, who aspire to become doctors, engineers, lawyers from a renowned institution, the reservation policies should be changed.
OBC Reservation In Neet PG:...
India's Reservation Policies
The Concept, Origin And Eva...
Model of the Constitution i...
Critical Analysis Of The Ma...
Critical Analysis Of Reserv...


One of TV's biggest cult audiences will turn its spotlight onto a charity mental health garden tonight. BBC2's Gardeners' World airs a portrait of Sydenham Garden tonight at 9pm.
The long-running show, which celebrated its 50th anniversary this year, will show how the garden helps its clients and staff with their recovery.
It is presented by horticultural boffin Flo Headlam, herself a former pupil of Sydenham Girls' School, who spent time with the garden's co-workers – its beneficiaries who have been referred to the staff – and asking about the difference horticulture has made to their health and how it has helped them in their recovery.
Director Thomas Gallagher said: "As a small charity the publicity is really helpful.
We rely on donations, we rely on people attending our events, and so any attention to our cause will really help.
But the attention also serves to highlight the need. Mental ill health affects one in four of us and can be devastating.
Through our work people recover and live well.


Day two of the sold out 2012 South Texas Oilfield Expo is being held on September 19th & 20th.
Location: American Bank Center in Corpus Christi, Texas.
Hours: 8am until 5pm on Wednesday and 8am until 2pm on Thursday.
The show is open exclusively to oil and gas professionals; tickets will be available at the door.
Note: The expo is closed to the general public and only open to those currently employed in the oil and gas industry or industries that directly support oil and gas.
Attendees will be required to show proof of their current involvement in the industry with a business card and identification when registering.


You people have gone too far. I prefer to live out my life believing – as I truly do – that America is the shining city on the hill that Ronald Reagan envisioned. If you love your country – or even just care mildly for your country – you must renounce the kind of absurd attacks being advanced by MSNBC.
You can continue to bash Fox News, I realize the only remedy that will stop you from doing that is time; time for you to realize and accept it as fair and balanced. I'll accept and live with that delay. But, MSNBC has to go, and only you can make it happen.
In a three day span, one MSNBC anchor vociferously advocated voter fraud against Scott Brown while Keith Olbermann said Scott Brown — the Republican Senate nominee in Massachusetts — is "homophobic" and a "racist." Speaking during his "special comment" Monday night, Olbermann folded nearly all of the negative attacks Democrats have tried to pin to Brown in recent days into one scathing rant.
Speaking during his "special comment" Monday night, Olbermann folded nearly all of the negative attacks Democrats have tried to pin to Brown in recent days into one scathing rant.
Sad doesn't adequately describe Olberman. A suitable reprisal would be to fire Olberman, which MSNBC would, if they had even one iota of journalistic ethics. The rest of the liberals must force them. But you won't.
Will Brown Tuesday Be a Form of Black Friday for Liberal Health Care?


From The National Archives, Miscellaneous Records of the Navy Department courtesy of Fold3, "Muster Roll / U. S. S. United States / 1823-1844" page 95 with the name of Herman Melville: #572, enlisted as O. S. = Ordinary Seaman for "3 years or Cruize."
As shown here, Melville entered the service at Oahu with Griffith Williams #573 on August 17, 1843. The next name immediately below Griffith Williams is that of William H. Carter who joined October 7th at "Nookahiva." Did Melville even dream of eloping, again, at the Marquesas?
"John J. Chase Capt. Top."
The name "John Chase" first appears on the Muster Roll of the United States in 1809, enlisted April 11th as Ordinary Seaman at the Washington Navy Yard.


Last year, as I wrote in a previous post, I read over a hundred books. I didn't expect to feel major euphoria or joy, but I still felt less than I thought I would. Turns out that the people who call the number of books read in a year a vanity metric are partially correct. I read a lot, I remember significant amounts of what I've read, but the sheer quantity of books didn't merit much in my head. Therefore, I'm pivoting this year to move to a different goal: read fewer books, but read deeper.
Over the past few years, I've consciously/subconsciously gravitated towards books that have been easy to read so that I could further my book count. In this process, I'd set by the side classics that were long and would take time to plow through. Yes, I read short classic works, as long as they were short. But I was skipping the novels of Charles Dickens, and I was avoiding the thought of Infinite Jest, and Ulysses. Why spend three weeks on one book when in that time I could read twelve sci-fi novellas? As it turns out, a year of chasing and achieving numbers told me all I needed to know: the number of books doesn't matter as I, or some other people, make it.
… we can say that Muad'Dib learned rapidly because his first training was in how to learn.
Last night I was rereading The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes after borrowing it on a whim from the library. It has been delightful. I was beginning to forget a number of qualities of Holmes that I'd admired, and this was a good reminder. As an researcher-in-training, the powers of detachment and concentration that Holmes brings are the best possible to emulate. I am also attempting to build a personal knowledge system for myself, and Holmes' index of information about people and other entities is somewhat what I want. I could go on about other specific aspects, but you get the point.
I expect that as I reread East of Eden, Cat's Cradle, For Whom the Bell Tolls, I will recall other things that I admire. They exist only vaguely in my head now, but soon they will be revived. And I'll be the better for it.


Target has achieved iconic status by a commitment to branding that permeates every aspect of guest interaction. Facilities engineering and design is no exception.
Gausman & Moore understands. To Target, mechanical and electrical systems are not something hidden behind walls and ceiling tiles. These systems have tangible effects on each guest's in-store experience, and therefore are integral to the Target brand.
G&M keeps pace with Target's aggressive expansion plans. Since 1996, Target has chosen G&M to design mechanical, electrical, fire protection, refrigeration, and alarm systems for over 1,000 projects. G&M helps optimize the Target brand experience while pursuing energy efficiency and cost-savings benefits as well – whether the project is new construction, store expansion, or the retrofit of a historic building.
G&M understands that Target guests' changing needs require constant adjustments to promotional and merchandising strategies, which impacts store-level systems. This month's building requirements may be very different than last month's, and G&M adapts accordingly.
Retail strategy is dynamic. Deadlines are not.
Exceptional client service is why, from among thousands of Target business partners and vendors, G&M is the first consulting firm to receive the prestigious Target Partner Award of Excellence.


Then Robert woke up again, and all of his limbs were hurting.
Antonella left the house with his briefcase.
Whatever you do, don't tell Brodie.
Doyle certainly wouldn't be anywhere near as rich as he is if he hadn't married Wade.
I have to see Daniele.
Pierre's not the first woman to fall in love with a married man, and she won't be the last.
Nathaniel quickly went up the stairs.
Fritz jumped to his feet and ran out of the room.
I talked to Francois's ex-wife about why they got divorced.
Nathan is very mature for his age.
Hillel's room was surprisingly tidy.
Didn't James wear that same tie yesterday?
I told Krzysztof a lot of things that Mehrdad didn't want me to tell him.
I heard that the new English teacher is a handsome guy who looks like Guillermo Cruise.
Jelske is a night owl.
Did Sonja write that song for you?
I know that you cared deeply for Jochen.
Julia sometimes reads in bed.
I read Suwandi a story.
Jackye owns a very profitable company.
Visiting Christofer was a good idea.
What did Micheal like about it?
I was just talking with Nicolas.
Sedovic lives near the beach.
You're not fooling anybody, except maybe Brender.
My parents objected to my going there alone.
I thought his name was Olson.
I've been waiting for Frank since 2:30.


text:
Michigan Life
Edmund Fitzgerald captured in 40-foot snow sculpture by Michigan artist
Fran Kantar has been fascinated with the Edmund Fitzgerald since it sank in 1975. She decided recently to sculpt it with snow in her front yard.
Author: Brent Ashcroft
Published: 6:30 PM EST February 5, 2021
Updated: 9:39 AM EST February 6, 2021
BIG RAPIDS, Mich. — The most popular snow sculpture is probably a snowman, but a woman in Big Rapids, Michigan recently decided she wanted to take on a much bigger challenge, snow sculpting a 40-foot version of the Edmund Fitzgerald ship in her front yard.
"I've always been interested in the Great Lakes and fascinated by the Edmund Fitzgerald and the mystery behind its sinking," said Fran Kantar, who created the Fitzgerald sculpture. "It just seemed like a great project to make out of snow."
The Edmund Fitzgerald got caught in a fierce Lake Superior storm on Nov. 10, 1975. She sank, taking the lives of all 29 sailors on board.
The Edmund Fitzgerald is one of the most famous of all Great Lakes shipwrecks. On Nov. 10, 1975, she got caught in a fierce storm on Lake Superior and sank, taking the lives of all 29 sailors on board.
"I was in school when it happened and I'll never forget it," Fran said.
On Friday, Jan. 29, Fran gathered together what tools she thought she'd need and began shoveling snow piles that a plow left near her driveway.
"I kind of got the snow into some sort of shape," Fran said. "I used some posts with string on them to make sure it would be straight."
Credit: Fran Kantar
Fran says she spent 5 hours a day for 4 straight days to finish her 40-foot snow sculpture of the Edmund Fitzgerald.
Fran says she spent five hours working on her Fitzgerald for four straight days.
"On one of the days, my husband Andy told me it was too dark and I needed to come inside," Fran joked.
Fran says the colder temperatures didn't allow for the snow to properly pack all that well so she added water, which helped.
"I used several different paint scrapers to get everything shaped properly," added Fran. "I then used a broom handle to make the port hole windows."
Fran says she'd reference several online images of the Fitzgerald as she sculpted.
"I really had fun when I got to carving down some of the details," Fran said. "That's when it really started to look like the Edmund Fitzgerald."
She added a stick as the bowsprit and even put the name on both sides of the bow and on the stern. When it was done, her sculpture was 40-feet long.
Fran says she used paint scrapers to carve and shape the ship properly. She also used a broom handle to make the port hole windows.
"I started making it as long as I thought it should be," Fran said. "It was a fun project for me and I'm happy with it."
"It'll be sad to see it sink into the ground, but for now, I'm really having fun sharing it with other people," Fran said.
Fran says many people have driven by her house to check out the sculpture. If you're interested in seeing it in person, the address is 18970 Winding Brook Rd., Big Rapids, MI.
13 ON YOUR SIDE's Brent Ashcroft to pursue other passion


Providing care for men and women of all ages, Dr. Schales combines the strong foundations of conventional western diagnosis and treatment with traditional and naturopathic approaches to healing through nutrition, botanical medicine, and homeopathy for a truly integrated approach to medicine.
Naturopathic physicians are guided by a common philosophy based on the principles of naturopathic medicine. We listen to and spend time with our patients in order to gain an understanding of how your symptoms are affecting you – physically, mentally and emotionally. From this comprehensive picture, we are better able to understand and address the root cause of your health concerns.
Naturopathic physicians are trained in conventional methods of diagnosis and treatment as well as clinical nutrition, botanical medicine, homeopathy, counseling, and physical medicine. With this vast diversity of knowledge, an appropriate treatment will be uniquely designed for each individual patient based on the specific concerns.