(1) As is obvious, सुबन्ताः is a compound word (सुप् अन्ते यस्य सः सुबन्तः → ते) सुबन्ताः are words which have सुप् at their ending.
By using the brackets, I have grouped the suffixes in 7 groups of 3 in each group.
(5) Root words of all नामानि nouns, सर्वनामानि pronouns and विशेषणानि adjectives are प्रातिपदिकानि, because, they are meaningful, they are NOT धातु-s, being root words, they do not contain any प्रत्यय-s.
(9) By common parlance, what one gets by affixing सुप्-प्रत्यय-s to प्रातिपदिकानि are called as शब्दरूपाणि. However, in Sanskrit grammar they are all पद-s, as defined in the सूत्रम् – सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् (पा. १-४-१४).
(11) Uses of the seven different cases are also explained in various सूत्र-s. In लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी by वरदराज there is a good chapter विभक्त्यर्थाः wherein one finds the following सूत्र-s.
(12) Since सुप्-प्रत्यय-s apply to नामानि, सर्वनामानि and विशेषणानि, it will be good to know the rule about how सुबन्त-s of these relate with each other. There is a good verse for the rule.
One would also note whether the सुप्-प्रत्यय will also undergo any changes, when it gets affixed to the अङ्गम्.
(14) As is detailed in para (3), the सुप्-प्रत्यय of प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचनम् is सु.
Items 19 to 23 become really thought-provoking, how the same प्रत्ययः सु lends सुबन्त-s, so very different from each other and quite different from their प्रातिपदिकम्.
In items 19 to 21, the सुबन्त-s are different from each other, obviously because gender लिङ्गम् is different.
Whereas I have listed above 26 items, in a pocket-size book रूपचन्दिका by श्री. ब्रह्मानंद त्रिपाठी published by चौखंबा सुरभारती प्रकाशन, वाराणसी, one gets all सुबन्त-s in all विभक्ति-s and वचन-s for as many as 182 typical प्रातिपदिकानि. Under the tabulations of सुबन्त-s, author lists many other प्रातिपदिकानि, which follow the pattern of each typical प्रातिपदिकम्. Of course, no such list can ever be comprehensive and complete.
There are no संबोधन-सुबन्तानि for सर्वनामानि.
There are some प्रातिपदिकानि, which are inherently plural by nature and have only बहुवचन-सुबन्तानि, as exemplified by items 24, 25 and 26.
Looking at all सुबन्तानि of any one प्रातिपदिकम् also, one wonders whether the अङ्गानि also are different, when different सुप्-प्रत्यय-s are to be affixed. There again, if the प्रातिपदिकम् is a pronoun or an adjective, the gender also influences, as shown at items 19 to 21.
Is this sounding too complex ? Point to be borne in mind is that no grammarian created the language. The प्रातिपदिकानि and their सुबन्तानि were in use, as were compiled by the grammarians. Hats off to the grammarians, that they were able to find their way through the maze and find patterns and derive rules, which explain how all सुबन्तानि of all प्रातिपदिकानि can be certified valid or not valid (if someone commits an error and forms an erroneous सुबन्तम्).
We need to respect the hard labor put in by the grammarians and should in turn respect that their labor has structured संस्कृत with zero tolerance, not only for erroneous सुबन्तानि, but for any erroneous पदानि. But errors would happen, especially in Spoken Sanskrit. It is on this point that I am against promotion of Spoken Sanskrit, unless and until one is sure that any Spoken Sanskrit also will be totally free of errors. It is my firm belief, that erroneous Sanskrit is not Sanskrit at all. Then why promote any such Sanskrit, which may not be Sanskrit at all ?
The rules are so set that even if some new प्रातिपदिकम् be formed, its सुबन्तानि can be derived. For example, tube-light is an item of the modern world. There can be a Sanskrit word for it – तेजोदण्डः or तेजोनलिका. Then one can have all सुबन्तानि for these. Even if Sanskrit has zero tolerance for errors, the grammarians have kept it flexible enough to provide formation of new words and their correct सुबन्तानि !
As has been acknowledged, सूत्र-s in अष्टाध्यायी are said to be of six types. This is not what पाणिनि has himself stated. This is how later grammarians have thought of in their study of अष्टाध्यायी. The six types are (1) संज्ञासूत्राणि – Terminologies (2) परिभाषासूत्राणि – Meta-Rules (3) अधिकारसूत्राणि – by which topics are declared (4) विधिसूत्राणि – Processes (5) अतिदेशसूत्राणि – Extended logic (6) विशेषसूत्राणि – Special or exceptional instances.
Mention of परिभाषासूत्राणि was made in the closing paragraph of the other post on Methodology of study of a सूत्रम् in अष्टाध्यायी Hence this write-up.
In सिद्धान्तकौमुदी by भट्टोजी दीक्षित the second chapter is परिभाषाप्रकरणम्. This is not so detailed by any specific chapter in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी by वरदराज.
In सिद्धान्तकौमुदी this परिभाषाप्रकरणम् is detailed in thirteen सूत्र-s , detailed in as many paras, from 34 to 46. The सूत्र-s and paras read as below.
During a comparative study of सिद्धान्तकौमुदी by भट्टोजी दीक्षित and लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी by वरदराज, it transpired that though there is no distinct परिभाषाप्रकरणम् in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी, nine of the 13 सूत्र-s are covered in different chapters in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी.
परिच्छेदः (३६) आद्यन्तौ टकितौ (१-१-४६) is covered in Para 83 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in हल्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (३७) मिदचोऽन्त्यात्परः (१-१-४७) is covered in Para 239 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in अजन्तनपुंसकलिङ्गप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (३९) स्थानेऽन्तरतमः (१-१-५०) is covered in Para 239 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (४०) तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य (१-१-६६) is covered in Para 16 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (४१) तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य (१-१-६७) is covered in Para 70 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in हल्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (४२) अलोऽन्त्यस्य (१-१-५२) is covered in Para 21 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (४३) ङिच़्च (१-१-५३) is covered in Para 45 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
परिच्छेदः (४४) आदेः परस्य (१-१-५४) is covered in Para 71 in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी in हल्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्.
If 9 out of 13 सूत्र-s are relevant in other chapters, वरदराज seems to be justified in not devoting any chapter as परिभाषाप्रकरणम् in his लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी.
Even out of the nine, 5 are covered in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम्, 3 are covered in हल्-सन्धिप्रकरणम् and one is in अजन्तनपुंसकलिङ्गप्रकरणम्.
None of the five सूत्र-s detailed in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम् by वरदराज in his लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी are detailed in अच्-सन्धिप्रकरणम् in सिद्धान्तकौमुदी, maybe, because they have been already separated out and discussed in परिभाषाप्रकरणम् in सिद्धान्तकौमुदी.
This is so also for the 3 सूत्र-s detailed in हल्-सन्धिप्रकरणम् by वरदराज in his लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी.
So, वरदराज although a disciple of भट्टोजी दीक्षित seems to differ from his precept.
That leaves only four सूत्र-s of परिभाषाप्रकरणम् which do not have a mention anywhere in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी.
Actually लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी is basically abridged version of सिद्धान्तकौमुदी. So लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी is not expected to cover all सूत्र-s, which are detailed in सिद्धान्तकौमुदी. So, for those सूत्र-s which do not have a mention anywhere in लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी, one can take them as not being essential, as per the judgement of वरदराज. Accordingly we can consider लघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी to be the primer for a student of अष्टाध्यायी at large and in turn for understanding minimum essentials of Sanskrit grammar.
परिभाषा 1 Speech, discourse; ग्राम्यवैदग्ध्यया परिभाषया Bhāg.5.2.17. -2 Censure, reproof, blame, abuse. -3 An explanation. -4 Terminology, technical phraseology, technical terms (used in a work); इति परिभाषाप्रकरणम् Sk.; इको गुणवृद्धीत्यादिका परिभाषा Mbh; cf. also अधिकारशब्देन पारार्थ्यात् परिभाषाप्युच्यते । कश्चित् परिभाषारूप इति Kaiyaṭa. -5 (Hence) Any general rule, precept or definition which is applicable throughout (अनियमनिवारको न्यायविशेषः); परितः प्रमिताक्षरापि सर्वं विषयं प्राप्तवती गता प्रतिष्ठाम् । न खलु प्रतिहन्यते कदाचित् परिभाषेव गरीयसी यदाज्ञा Śi.16.8. -6 A list of abbreviations or signs used in any work. -7 (In gram.) An explanatory Sūtra mixed up with the other Sūtras of Pāṇini, which teaches the method of applying them.
Going by this meaning of परिभाषा, I am left wondering why विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् (पा. सू. १-४-२) does not figure in परिभाषाप्रकरणम् in सिद्धान्तकौमुदी. It is certainly applicable all across अष्टाध्यायी. For example between इको यणचि (६-१-७७) and अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः (६-१-१०१) the latter will apply in the case of सवर्णसन्धि-s. So, विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् though it comes at (१-४-२) in the first chapter, it applies to सूत्र-s in sixth chapter also.
Incidentally, विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् does not seem to apply to एचोऽयवायावः (६-१-७८) and लोपः शाकल्यस्य (८-३-१९). There are good number of examples of both the सूत्र-s having been optionally employed – In श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता the word भूमावसपत्नमृद्धम् (२-८) (भूमौ असपत्नमृद्धम्) has सन्धि as per एचोऽयवायावः (६-१-७८). In the immediate next श्लोकः, न योत्स्य इति (२-९) (न योत्स्ये इति) has सन्धि as per लोपः शाकल्यस्य (८-३-१९). This could as well have been न योत्स्ययिति as per एचोऽयवायावः (६-१-७८).
The optionality between the two सूत्र-s comes from the सूत्रम् – पूर्वत्रासिद्धम् (८-२-१). This is because, the extent of application of the परिभाषा – विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् is limited by पूर्वत्रासिद्धम् (८-२-१), meaning, whatever is before (८-२-१) does not apply beyond (८-२-१).
It is generally accepted that अष्टाध्यायी has two distinct Parts, Part 1 comprising first seven chapters and the first quarter of the eighth chapter, hence called as सपादसप्ताध्यायी, (total 29 quarters) and Part 2 त्रिपादाध्यायी comprising last three quarters of eighth chapter.
By my thinking I have spotted विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् to be a परिभाषासूत्रम्. There could be many more, which have not been so considered in परिभाषाप्रकरणम् in सिद्धान्तकौमुदी.
Actually in many books of science and engineering , specific symbols, conventions and terminologies used by the author are explained right at the beginning. For example hard copy of Apte's dictionary has good information about the abbreviations used. All that information is right in the beginning.
There are many computer programming languages, which demand variables to be declared right at the beginning.
Grammar also is the science and technology of a language. Also अष्टाध्यायी is one big algorithm or a software, fit to be computerized. One can think that परिभाषा accordingly is primarily specific conventions and terminologies used in this particular grammatical text, the अष्टाध्यायी. It would have been good if all परिभाषासूत्र-s were to be at the beginning portions in अष्टाध्यायी.
All the thirteen सूत्र-s in परिभाषाप्रकरणम् in सिद्धान्तकौमुदी are in Chapter 1 only. In fact all of them are in the first quarter. But the one spotted by me, विप्रतिषेधे परं कार्यम् (पा. सू. १-४-२) is in the fourth quarter.
I wonder whether the entire first chapter can be looked at as परिभाषाध्यायः. If it is logical that specific symbols, conventions and terminologies used by the author be given right at the beginning, then, for all his known and well-acclaimed intellect पाणिनिमुनि might have done that.
Anyway परिभाषा seems to be an interesting perspective to be kept in mind when studying and understanding सूत्र-s in अष्टाध्यायी, especially those in the First Chapter.


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WiLAT from the beginning
In 2010, Aisha Ibrahim from Nigeria initiated the idea of a CILT women group in logistics and transport during the CILT International Conference in Malta. The event is an annual meeting of the Institute attended by representatives from different Territories.
There were five ladies gathered to talk about women in logistics and transport in CILT at the Poolside Terrace of Palace Hotel in Malta. Among them are Aisha from Nigeria, Naa from Ghana, Claire from Malta, Dorothy Chan from Hong Kong and Jo Brosnahan from New Zealand. These ladies who are Fellow and Chartered members of the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport came together on a common course to promote female participation in the Institute and they wrote down their names and contacts after the meeting.
Following a presentation by Aisha Ibrahim in the 2012 CILT International Conference in Birmingham, Alan Waller, CILT President 2011-12 supported the formation of Women in Logistics and Transport in CILT Territories and with much preparation including the development of WiLAT logo, brand guidelines and membership structure by Dorothy Chan and volunteers in Hong Kong, WiLAT was formally launched by CILT in Sri Lanka in 2013 and Aisha Ibrahim became WiLAT Global Convenor. Namalie Siyambalapitiya and Gayani de Alwis co-ordinated the Global launching and Saliya Senanayake, International Vice President also assumed the role of advising the Global Convenor on the development of WiLAT. Vicky Koo became the Deputy Global Chairperson in 2016 and created the WiLAT website. From Nigeria spreading to 22 Territories today, our female leaders in these Territories have devoted their time and efforts selflessly and by 2020, WiLAT had over 3,000 members.
We have captured our formation and key milestones in 'WE INSPIRE, WE IMPACT', a publication of WiLAT in 2017. See our brochure below.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Armenian opposition leader Nikol Pashinian calls for pause in unrest
Opposition lawmaker Nikol Pashinian urged his supporters to suspend nationwide protests for a day to allow consultations in Armenia's parliament. The ruling party hinted it might support Pashinian for prime minister.
After thousands of protesters blocked roads and interrupted train services in Armenia's capital of Yerevan on Wednesday, protest leader Nikol Pashinian urged the anti-government demonstrators to pause protests on Thursday.
The one-day timeout should allow Pashinian to consult his fellow lawmakers as part of his push towards becoming prime minister.
"Kids, you are going to school tomorrow," Pashinian told a crowd in Yerevan. "Tomorrow, we will be working in parliament."
Armenian parliament, which is dominated by deputies from the party of long-time president Serzh Sargsyan, rejected Pashinian's initial bid on Tuesday. On Wednesday, however, ruling party officials said they would back the candidate who won one-third of the vote, signaling a change of heart on widely popular Pashinian. The move is in accordance with Armenia's constitution, which requires a party that does not have its own candidate to vote for a candidate who gains at least one-third of lawmakers' votes.
Pashinian confident in victory
Speaking to his supporters on Wednesday, Pashinian said that the issue "has practically been solved."
"All factions said they would support my candidacy," he added.
Read more: Nikol Pashinian, the man behind Armenia's protest movement
Armenia has seen protesters block government building in Yerevan and cut roads leading to Iran and Georgia
Armenia was plunged into unrest on April 13, when Sargsyan attempted to hold on to power by switching his presidential office for a PM post. Sargsyan soon resigned under the wave of protests.
Parliament is set to hold its second vote on the next prime minister on Tuesday. If lawmakers fail to elect a prime minister, the legislature would be dissolved and early elections called.
Pashinian called for a massive rally next Tuesday to "seal our victory."
dj/sms (AFP, Interfax, Reuters, AP)
Protests shut down Armenian capital following parliament vote
Opposition leader Nikol Pashinian has vowed massive protests after parliament rejected his bid for the premiership. The impasse heightens tensions following weeks of protests that ousted former PM Serzh Sargsyan. (02.05.2018)
Parliament vote falls short for Armenia's protest leader
Armenia's parliament has voted 55-45 to block protest leader Nikol Pashinyan from becoming prime minister. During a lengthy debate, the ruling Republican Party signaled it would vote against his sole candidacy. (01.05.2018)
Nikol Pashinian: The man behind Armenia's protest movement
Armenians are pinning their hopes on Nikol Pashinian, whose protest movement forced unpopular Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan to resign. Now, the opposition leader says he wants to reform the country. (27.04.2018)
Related Subjects Armenia
Keywords Nikol Pashinian, Armenia, Serz Sargsyan, protests, Yerevan
Permalink https://p.dw.com/p/2x49M
Armenia goes to the polls: Will the peaceful revolution continue? 09.12.2018
Just last May Armenia celebrated the "world's merriest apocalypse." Now the country is holding the first elections since its "Velvet Revolution." Felix Franz reports from Yerevan.
Nikol Pashinian: The man behind Armenia's protest movement 27.04.2018
Armenians are pinning their hopes on Nikol Pashinian, whose protest movement forced unpopular Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan to resign. Now, the opposition leader says he wants to reform the country.
Armenian opposition leader Nikol Pashinian formally nominated for premier by supporters 30.04.2018
After two weeks of protests, opposition leader Nikol Pashinian is the only candidate formally nominated for the post of prime minister. The key vote is to be held in parliament on Tuesday.
Puerto Rico: Protesters demand governor's resignation 0m ago


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Previous / Ask Nigel Roebuck: December 17 Next / Ferrari criticises points system
Formula 1 News
Ferrari in Talks to Renew Barrichello's Contract
Ferrari president Luca di Montezemolo has hinted that Brazilian Rubens Barrichello could stay with the Italian squad beyond his current contract.
, Atlas F1
Barrichello, who has been with Ferrari since the start of the 2000 season, has a contract with the World Champions until the end of next year. Di Montezemolo, however, said that both parties were negotiating and that a contract extension would be signed at the appropriate time.
"With Barrichello we have the agreement until 2004, but we are in talks. At the right time we'll sign," di Montezemolo told Gazzetta dello Sport newspaper.
Di Montezemolo also said that Ferrari were always looking at the drivers' market, but admitted they were happy with their current line-up.
"Of course we look around us and to the future: we keep aware of what happens on the racetrack," he said. "But at the moment we don't have any problems with the drivers. Michael (Schumacher), kind of jokingly, told me and Jean Todt that if it is necessary to talk about a renewal of the contract ending in 2006, he's ready to discuss his future."
Ask Nigel Roebuck: December 17
Ferrari criticises points system
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The rollercoaster ride of West Surrey Racing's 40 years
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Vasseur "convinced" Ferrari has everything it needs to win F1 title
IndyCar IndyCar
AJ Foyt Racing has changed the number of Benjamin Pedersen's 2023 IndyCar entry from #88 to #55, after finding its two cars' numbers held "certain ideological and symbolic references".
Ricky Taylor has zero worries over the pace of the new Acura ARX-06, but believes the new GTP cars will encounter several sensor issues over the course of the Daytona 24 Hours.
WEC WEC
The World Endurance Championship has admitted that it is examining alternatives to Sebring for the US round of the series from 2024.
Formula E Formula E
Pascal Wehrlein reckoned that Porsche's Diriyah E-Prix strategy and efficiency worked "perfectly" en route to claiming his second Formula E victory.
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OPINION: Fred Vasseur has spent only a few weeks as team principal for the Ferrari Formula 1 team, but is already intent on taking the Scuderia back to the very top. And despite it being arguably the most demanding job in motorsport, the Frenchman is relishing the challenge
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One easy way the FIA could instantly improve F1
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OPINION: During what is traditionally a very quiet time of year in the Formula 1 news cycle, FIA president Mohammed Ben Sulayem has been generating headlines. He's been commenting on massive topics in a championship that loves them, but also addressing necessary smaller changes too. Here we suggest a further refinement that would be a big boon to fans
How can McLaren keep hold of Norris?
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Lando Norris is no longer the young cheeky-chappy at McLaren; he's now the established ace. And F1's big guns will come calling if the team can't give him a competitive car. Here's what the team needs to do to retain its prize asset
What difference did F1's fastest pitstops of 2022 make?
While a quick pitstop can make all the difference to the outcome of a Formula 1 race, most team managers say consistency is more important than pure speed. MATT KEW analyses the fastest pitstops from last season to see which ones – if any – made a genuine impact
When F1 'holiday' races kept drivers busy through the winter
Modern Formula 1 fans have grown accustomed to a lull in racing during winter in the northern hemisphere. But, as MAURICE HAMILTON explains, there was a time when teams headed south of the equator rather than bunkering down in the factory. And why not? There was fun to be had, money to be made and reputations to forge…
What Porsche social media frenzy says about F1's manufacturer allure
Porsche whipped up a frenzy thanks to a cryptic social media post last week and, although it turned out to be a false alarm, it also highlighted why manufacturers remain such an important element in terms of the attraction that they bring to F1. It is little wonder that several other manufacturers are bidding for a slice of the action
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Informational and Educational posts about our industry.
The Winter 2016 DFK Newsletter is out now!
The Spring Newsletter is out!
The 2015 DFK Tax Newsletter is now available You can read or download the most recent newsletter by clicking here.


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Welcome to Changes in Latitudes on Folly Beach! This 3 bedroom/ 1 bath property has just been renovated and is perfect for the family beach retreat or short weekend getaway. Only a short walk to the beach access and to Center Street to experience all that Folly Beach has to offer. The owners spared no expense in making this classic Folly cottage a great destination. The home includes new furniture and bedding throughout. Open floor plan includes living area with flat-screen TV and upgraded kitchen. Kitchen has all new appliances, granite counter-tops and is stocked with everything even the most discerning chef would require. The first two bedrooms include queen size beds while the third bedroom includes a bunk-bed setup to allow the property to comfortably sleep 6 guests. The new bathroom has a beautiful tile walk-in shower. Home has Wi-Fi and flat-screen TV's in the bedrooms with cable.
A gas grill is provided for grilling out. Enjoy the yard and screened in porch space, or take a stroll into town to the shops, restaurants, and entertainment found on Center Street...Only 2.5 blocks away!!
Home is strictly non-smoking and not pet friendly. No dishwasher or washer/dryer in property. No events allowed that exceed the maximum occupancy of the home. Please call Carolina One Vacation Rentals at 843-588-1212 with any questions.


AudioWatermarking.info announces availability of Audio Fingerprinting Tools (AFT) – a proprietary acoustic fingerprinting technology and software solution enabling reliable acoustic matching, comparison and identification of audio by means of very compact, highly representative and resistant acoustic fingerprints (hashes).
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After Hugh Jackman Cosied Up With Emily Blunt, John Krasinski And Ryan Reynolds Laid Into Him
By Iona Kirby
Image: Twitter/Hugh Jackman
Hugh Jackman gushed about his time hanging out with Emily Blunt after the pair participated in Variety Studio: Actors On Actors together. And when the actress' husband, John Krasinski, found out, he roasted Jackman on social media. Then Ryan Reynolds joined in too – with hilarious results.
Image: Frazer Harrison/Getty Images
As many social media users know, Hugh Jackman, 50, and Ryan Reynolds, 42, have an ongoing pretend feud. It all began after the two actors first got to know each other while working together on the 2009 movie X-Men Origins: Wolverine. Jackman portrayed the titular character, also known as Logan, and Reynolds appeared as Wade Wilson, a.k.a Deadpool.
Image: YouTube/WatchMojo.com
And in the movie, Wolverine kills Wade Wilson in a move that comic fans widely reviled. So when Reynolds played a different incarnation of the same character in Deadpool, he wasted no time poking fun at his former co-star. For instance, Deadpool includes a scene where the anti-hero holds a mask of Jackman to his face and another that shows a copy of Jackman's People's Sexiest Man Alive issue.


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A new technique is described a non-contact version of the well-known AC potential drop method. Electric potential sensor technology is capable of measuring, non-contact, the spatial electric potential associated with a sample via the displacement current, through capacitive coupling. This can be achieved due to the extremely high input impedance of the sensors, resulting in many cases in no loss of signal when compared with a contact voltage measurement. For laboratory samples, an AC current is passed through the sample and the spatial potential above the surface monitored as a function of position. For a full non-contact implementation this current would be induced inductively as in eddy current testing systems. Previous work on stainless steel using this new technique was able to detect 1 mm of material loss from the inside of a 24 mm-thick sample. The work described here extends this by applying multiple frequencies simultaneously to a sample and analysing the data for each frequency component separately. In this way, depth information about faults within a material may be obtained, due to the skin depth effect. This enables the location and characterisation of faults in three dimensions to be achieved while only performing a single scan.


Here are some facts on children's use of their phones.
Most kids get their first phone at age 10. The most common activity is texting. Almost a third have sent text messages to their parents even though everyone involved was in the house.
Seventy-six percent of kids access the Internet from the family room, down from 85 percent four years ago. A quarter of kids now have private access from their bedrooms.
Fifty percent of kids begin using Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat at age 12 or younger. The study was done by Influence Central, a marketing firm.
For $5 we can finally stop moaning about the clunky look of Windows10.
"Start10" is a $5 program that makes 10 look like 7. We, like most of the users we have spoken with, don't like the colored squares on the Windows 10 startup screen. They were designed for touch screens, under the delusion that these were the wave of the future. The wave of the present turned out to be a big shrug, as most people said "who cares," or words to that effect. It's much faster to find what you want by simply typing or clicking.
Perhaps best of all, Start10 returns the old search box. Click the "start" orb to see it. We find it faster than using Windows 10's "ask me anything" search, which often defaults to a web search when we're looking for something on our own machine. Who designs this stuff?
Click start and "universal applications" to see a list of all the Windows 10 apps on your machine. If you miss the Windows 10 start menu, click on "Windows 10 menu" and you'll see those color squares again, showing things like weather and news. You can try this return to good ol' days for free with a 30-day trial at Start10.com. If you like it, the price is a straight $5 and there are no add-ons — an unusual marketing style these days.
GlowPink.com is a place for women to ask health and beauty questions from doctors and other experts. Free. Joy got a good answer to a question about eye health from a doctor in India.
NPmaps.com has maps of all 59 National Parks. Go to npmaps.com/latest-updates/bit-fun-popular-pages for a list of the most popular maps. Bryce Canyon wins. Big Bend National Park in Texas is number two. They also have detailed maps, showing just camping areas, or just walking trails, etc.
"One third of Prescribed Antibiotics Unnecessary" is the subject of an article in JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association. Many conditions go away on their own, the study notes, including the common cold, bronchitis, sore throats, and ear infections. Overuse of antibiotics leads to "superbugs," since some of them always survive, and those are really dangerous.
The fastest Internet Service Provider, according to Speedtest.net, is Comcast, with a download speed of 104 megabits per second. T-Mobile has the fastest speed for phones. Click "awards" at Speedtest.net for more comparisons, or test your own speed.
At Bing.com/explore/desktop you'll find a free Microsoft program that puts a small search box, with links to weather, news and "trending images." ("Trending images" always lead off with female celebrities, for reasons we fail to understand.) If you scroll through those you get other stuff. Hover over the small "i" for information, and you'll get a caption.
If you don't like today's photo, click the recycling symbol for another one. A photo of a baby baboon in Botswana was cute, but we cycled through dozens more, from Texan clouds to Chinese rice paddies and Venezuelan hot springs.
For Mac users, we like the free background images at HDWallpapers.net and ThePaperWall.com. Once you've saved a picture, go to "System Preferences," "Desktop and Screensaver" and then Desktop. Click "add" to add the one you just downloaded.
After reading that 19 percent of children between the ages of 5 and 11 have untreated tooth decay, we thought we'd look at dental aps for children.
"DentiClean" is a $2 app for iPhone and iPad that helps children ages 5 to 11 brush their teeth properly with princess, ninja and other characters. If the tablet or Smartphone is nearby, It takes a photo of the child in action and emails it to a parent.


Hey everyone! We're just about at the middle of February and what better time to get to my January favorites? That was a joke, I'm always late with these kinda things. So this is my first favorites post ever. I don't know why it's taken me over a year to do one. Empties posts are easier for me to do since you can easily quantify those by month-everything just goes into a pile and that't that. With favorites I have to think back to what I've enjoyed the most over that time. Not hard, just not what I've typically done for my blog. So here are a mix of both older and newer products in my stash that I've used and enjoyed in January- there's quite a bit so lets get started!
Author JenPosted on February 11, 2018 February 11, 2018 Categories Favorites, ReviewsTags Bath and Body Works Snowy Morning, Beauty favorites, January beauty favorites, Sigma Brushes, Too Faced Best Year Ever 2018 Collection6 Comments on January 2018 Beauty Favorites!


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Lions don't regret signing DeAndre Levy for long haul
Chandler's Cross, England — Lions general manager Martin Mayhew has no regrets about signing star linebacker DeAndre Levy to a lucrative contract extension in early August.
Less than three weeks later, a hip injury led to an extended absence for Levy, both from practice at the end of the summer and the first four games of the season. After aggravating the injury in his season debut in Week 5, Levy underwent surgery and is in danger of missing the rest of the season.
"He certainly is an outstanding football player and certainly was a guy who we wanted to retain," Mayhew told beat reporters and team website employees Friday. "Injuries happen in this business, as you know, and he's not the first guy to sign an extension and get hurt. That happens sometimes. You hate when it happens, but certainly, through no fault of his own, it's a serious injury he's dealing with."
The strange timing of Levy's injury — he played the first two exhibitions and said he suffered it in a padded practice after the second one — led to some speculation about whether his offseason travels to South America had some role in the ailment. However, Mayhew said Friday that Levy passed his pre-season physical and was 100 percent healthy when he signed the four-year extension, which is worth up to $33.8 million.
Levy, who will miss the upcoming game against the Chiefs in London, said last Sunday he planned to start jogging this week, though he declined to provide an update on his activity Friday.
"I'm on schedule," he said.
The Lions defense, which ranks 27th overall, has struggled to overcome Levy's absence this season, and Mayhew said it "remains to be seen" how Levy's injury will impact him long term.
"This guy makes so many plays in so many different ways, whether it's sacking the quarterback, intercepting passes (or) breaking passes up," Mayhew said. "He's great in coverage; he's got range, so a lot of those third downs is when you really miss him.
"I remember the San Diego game going, 'Man, I wish Levy was out there on the field.' They were making so many plays on crossing routes and screens and things of that nature. Those are plays that DeAndre Levy makes."
Levy has not practiced this week, but he's still enjoying the trip overseas. With the off day Tuesday, he visited Stonehenge, driving about 90 minutes each way on the left side of the road to see the historic monument.
"It was probably more dangerous than the wing-walking," Levy said of driving in England, referencing his offseason adventures.


This is the highest mountain system on earth, the name Himalaya means the House of Snow and it consists of several parallel mountain ranges.
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Today we hear the word 'personalization' and it holds many guises, but I feel it's important to put this into context when writing about the trends of our online consumers. We have over the last couple of years seen the shape of our 'high street' change massively. The once traditional cornerstones of our consumer lives appear to be crumbling under the pressures to survive in an ever-shifting commerce landscape. Well-known brands such as Mothercare, House of Fraser, Toys R Us have all announced the closure of a percentage of their high street stores. We also hear about companies such as Carpetright and Poundworld going down the same route in the near future.
Experts say that all retailers are battling a perfect storm of pressures and they expect more closures further into 2018. I agree that inflation and the fact that the pound currently buys a lot less are factors influencing these changes, however we have lived through times of austerity in the past without such effect. What doesn't seem to be recognised as much, is the fact that society has experienced a huge demographic based behavioural shift when it comes to purchasing goods.
The demise of the high street doesn't surprise me. In fact, I am surprised that it has only recently been reported.
Customer expectations have been ever changing so it's no great surprise what yesterday's boomers wanted has again shifted to what out Millennial and Gen X consumers are now expecting. What was once seen as a retailer going the extra mile is now taken for granted.
I appreciate that established companies such as House of Fraser, who have been around longer than any person currently living, cannot easily shift the in-store consumer experience. The ability to present 'locally sourced, ethically made, environmentally friendly, authentic' products from what our baby boomers (me included) used to ask for is difficult. We wanted 'mass produced, global yet generic, prestigious products'. What they can do however, is adapt their online offering.
With the emergence and rapid growth of the larger retail aggregator sites such as Amazon and ASOS, the discerning customer finds it easier to access online stores, and with free shipping and returns, next day and even same day delivery as a given expectation. Online retailers are having to think outside of the box to differentiate and meet the expectations of their online customers. What was deemed a 'Point of Difference' and 'cutting edge' three years ago is now the expected norm.
The growth of Ecommerce Personalization.
Technology companies who have predicted this change in behaviour have been able, over the last 5 years, to develop software that enables companies to offer their customers a tailored and personalised experience, allowing them to shift their product search, merchandising selections and marketing campaigns to fit the expectations of the online buyer. With the emergence and development of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (Big Data), companies can, through integration with Ecommerce Personalization platforms, track and predict the changing needs of their consumers based on data insight and trends.
Despite the fact that new technologies allow companies to provide a fully automated and ultra-personalized experience at all key conversion points, adoption has been slow. The fact remains that if online retailers do not up their game and embrace the technology that meets the needs of their customers, we may see more stores failing and see history repeating itself. There is no doubt in my mind that it's time to get personal.


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Vocal Harmonies That Will Make You Pay Attention;"First Call's Undivided" by Philip Mayaab
Throughout the history of Contemporary Christian music, there have been numerous vocal groups who have taken the art tight harmony to another level. When you hear them sing, you instantly recognize the work that they have put in to perfecting their vocal "blend", and if you're like me, the more sophisticated the harmony is, the more you like it. The group on this week's Vinyl Revival feature LP has perfected their airtight, three part harmonies in a manner that few can even come close to, and it is a huge part of what they have built their reputation on, because when you hear the name "First Call", you instantly know what they are all about.
On their own, the three members that comprise First Call have very impressive credentials...Bonnie Keen started singing professionally at age 17, and one of her first jobs was singing backups for another young female singer named Amy Grant. Melodie Tunney once sang in the vocal supergroup Truth, which is where she met her husband, keyboardist and producer Dick Tunney. Marty McCall had already had a great professional life prior to First Call, as the lead singer of Fireworks, a very impressive west coast Christian rock band in the late 70s and early 80s, and also brought a resume of L.A. studio work to the table with him (including singing background vocals on both One More Song For You and Priority by the Imperials). When these three young veterans would sing together in the studios of Nashville, it was magical, to the extent that they cornered the market when it came to singing commercial jingles, and while that might have been a long way from recording an album, or playing live as a group, the jingle business got the three singers a foot in the door. They became the first choice of many music producers who had the task of putting an advertising pitch to music, and over a period of just two years, built themselves a stellar reputation in the studios of Music City.
The idea to form a singing group came from Melodie, although she might not have done such a great job of selling her idea to Marty and Bonnie. After some convincing, the trio began taking some singing jobs as a unit, instead of just individually, which is important because they caught the ears and attention of some folks at Word Records. In 1985, First Call recorded what has become one of the most definitive Christmas albums ever recorded, called "An Evening In December", which features some of the most intricate, a capella vocals you will ever hear. The album is a yearly staple for many people, as they celebrate the Christmas season, and even though there were some guest vocalists who performed on the album, Bonnie, Melodie, and Marty had left an indelible impression on the execs at Word, who were so impressed with the album, they signed the group to a contract with the rebooted DaySpring Records. Due to the overwhelming success of "Evening", First Call also made a conscious decision to go full time as a group, and in early 1986, they hit the same Nashville studios where they built their reputation to record this week's Vinyl Revival featured LP, called "Undivided".
Make no mistake about it, Undivided is an A-class CCM album...it hits all the points on the checklist. Great songs, great vocals (DUH), great musical performances, and great production, all make this album one that any fan of 80s CCM should have. The group worked with four different producers on Undivided, and they were Greg Nelson (Steve Green, Sandi Patti), Keith Thomas (Carman, The Gaither Vocal Band), along with Melodie and Bonnie's husbands, Dick Tunney and Dan Keen. While working with that many different producers might present challenges for some artists, each of First Call's members knew what to expect from each of the four, primarily because they had already spent many hours in the recording studio with each one. As far as the songs are concerned, there is something for everybody on Undivided. Pop songs such as Messiah, One Step At A Time, and The Future give the album some punch musically, while the ballads such as Bless Ye The Lord, God Is Greater, Just As True For You, and the anthemic title song (which was the group's first radio single, and a major hit in the summer of '86), showcase the trio's ability to put the power to slower numbers. However, one of my favorite things about this album are what I call the three "fun" songs...Campmeetin' Tonight, Step Of Faith, and the a capella number Snap To It, which bring the REAL talent of these three incredible vocalists to the listener's ears. First Call is often described as the Christian equivalent to the Manhattan Transfer, and when you hear these songs, you will know why. Just an amazing blend of harmonies were arranged into these three songs, and Bonnie, Melodie, and Marty execute it to perfection. It truly is the kind of harmony that few vocal groups can pull off, and it sounds so sweet when it is done right.
The musical performances fit the frame perfectly behind the vocals on this album, although admittedly the music is dated (it was the mid 80s, after all). However, the music does absolutely no harm to the finished product, because it's the vocal arrangements and execution of them that take center stage on this album. As great as the music sounds, it's the singing that catches your attention first and foremost, which is exactly what it should do, when the vocalists are this good. The final product is a work of art, one that Bonnie told me they are very proud of, even after all this time. The group is still alive and well, and still perform from time to time, and even though they have hit some bumps in the road along the way, First Call has persevered, and because of albums like Undivided, they have carved their names onto the tree of Contemporary Christian Music. For those of us who enjoy classy, sophisticated vocal work, this group has been a breath of fresh air for over 30 years, and this week we are pleased to present First Call on CCM Classic's Vinyl Revival.
TRACKLIST -
SIDE 1 -
1. Messiah (Mark Baldwin & John Elliott)
2. Undivided (Melodie Tunney)
3. Campmeetin' Tonight (Randall Dennis)
4. Bless Ye The Lord (Dan Keen & Justin Peters)
5. God Is Greater (Greg Fisher & Greg Davis)
1. One Step At A Time (Mark Gersmehl & Billy Smiley)
2. Step Of Faith (Melodie Tunney, Dick Tunney, & Niles Borop)
3. The Future (Becky & Geoff Thurman)
4. Snap To It (Marty & Vicki McCall & James Ward)
5. Just As True For You (Billy Simon & Justin Peters)
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Francesco Bovini was an Italian painter who was active in Ferrara. He painted two altarpieces for the church of the Oratorio della Penitenza in Ferrara, one representing the Immaculate Conception and the other, the Adoration of the Magi.

References

Painters from Ferrara
Year of death unknown
Year of birth unknown

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A memorial service for Joyce P. VanRensselaer, 94, who passed away June 21, 2018 will be held at 2 p.m., Thursday, Aug. 16, 2018, in Christ Chapel at Lutheran Home and Rehabilitation Center, 715 Falconer St., Jamestown. Rev. Daniel S. Rumfelt and Rev. Timothy J. Hoyer will officiate.
Memorials may be made to the Falconer Public Library, 101 W. Main St., Falconer, N.Y. 14733 or a charity of choice.
For a complete obituary or send a message of condolence please visit our website at www.falconerfuneralhome.net.


President Cyril Ramaphosa has "terminated [SA Revenue Service commissioner Tom Moyane's] services with immediate effect", spokesperson for President Khusela Diko confirmed on Thursday.
The reason for firing Moyane was because the president had accepted the recommendation by Sars Inquiry Commissioner retired Judge Robert Nugent that Moyane be removed, Diko added.
The Sars Inquiry report stated that Moyane's tenure was characterised by "reckless" mismanagement, and that this "ought not to be permitted to continue".
"We consider it imperative that a new commissioner be appointed without delay to remove the uncertainty at Sars and enable it to be set on a firm course of recovery, so as to arrest ongoing loss of revenue," the interim report noted.
"We stress that the replacement of Mr Moyane is not a panacea, but only the first necessary measure without which there is no possibility of rectifying the damage that has been done to Sars," the report added.
On whether Ramaphosa had appointed anyone to fill the position of Sars Commissioner, Diko said that Sars acting commissioner Mark Kingon remained in his post and would do so until the president had exercised his constitutional duties as well as acted in terms of the South African Revenue Service Act.


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Gatson Ridge ist ein zerklüfteter und 5 km langer Gebirgskamm in der antarktischen Ross Dependency. In den Brown Hills der Cook Mountains erstreckt er sich vom südlichen Teil des Bowling-Green-Plateaus in östlicher Richtung.

Das Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names benannte ihn 2000 nach dem US-amerikanischen Topographieingenieur Karl W. Gatson, der von 1975 bis 1976 am gemeinsamen Projekt des United States Geological Survey und des British Antarctic Survey zur Satellitengeodäsie der Antarktischen Halbinsel und des Ellsworthgebirges beteiligt war.

Weblinks
  (englisch)
 Gatson Ridge auf geographic.org (englisch)

Cook Mountains


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ARCHIVED - Paramount Murcia Theme Park, design elements
Paramount Murcia Theme Park
Following the conceptual presentation yesterday of the Paramount Murcia Theme Park, we spoke to the designers who have been developing the project about the ideas presented and the thinking behind the themes chosen around which this attraction will be built.
The master plan we were shown yesterday has been developed based on the back catalogue of Paramount films and also the experience the multinational has gained running previous theme park attractions.
Although the Executives again emphasised that they will not be contributing capital to this project, but bringing their expertise to bear, and ensuring that the design concept would appeal to the widest possible audience.
This park will be financed by private capital, so has to be viable and in order to attract the largest number of visitors possible will need to appeal to all ages and nationalities, as luring sufficient numbers of visitors requires an internationally appealing product.
According to Michael Bartok, Vice President of Paramount Licensing, the Paramount Brand is one of the worlds top 10 iconic brands, easily identifiable and with a back catalogue of quality productions from which to draw the themes for the park. The name of Paramount will ensure a world-wide audience, and a concerted international promotional campaign guaranteeing that the public are aware that the park exists and is open for business.
Murcia, he told us, has been chosen principally for its weather, with 300 days of sun a year offering the most viable opportunity for an extended opening period, adverse weather costing millions in lost revenue, as discovered by the Euro Disney operators who have fought a long-term battle with Parisien winters and the preconception that Paris in January is not the warmest place to enjoy an open-air theme park.
Fortunately the planners have sensibly chosen a location avoiding the colder murcian weather which has surprised so many expats who purchased country fincas in the more mountainous ranges soaring behind Alhama and up into the Sierra Espuña, draped with bursting grape vines and roses in the summers, only to find them clad in snow during the weather months. Down below the snow line on the flat plains which stretch across to the coast, it´s a different climate altogether, without the cold generated by the rise in height.
Another factor was infrastructure, proximity of the new International airport, the existing Murcia Airport at San Javier, the motorway network and the connections which will be created when the AVE high speed train link reaches the Region, all major factors.
So how will this park be structured?
As reported yesterday, there are 2 zones, a Lifestyle Zone with conference facilities, auditorium, shopping village and accommodation, the business end to put it bluntly, and the park area.
The conceptual design presented yesterday is still fairly loose, as the designer explained that there is still a great deal of research and technical planning to be done before the definitive design can finally be concluded.
He explained that the themes selected have been taken from the back catalogue of Paramount Pictures and have been chosen based on several factors;
The first of these is the popularity of the films and their distribution. All the themes and movies selected have proven to be winners in not only Spain, but the European market and are instantly recognisable themes. The designer was keen to emphasise that more research will be done into spanish tastes and expectations to ensure that the domestic market is adequately provided for as well as the wider European appeal.
The second is their potential to adapt to a theme park application and include elements which can realistically be introduced into a theme park environment.
And the third is choosing themes in which the visitor can participate and become part of the adventure experience themselves. The whole idea behind these new generation products is immersion, and visitors to this park will became part of the adventure themselves, playing, interacting, living out their own fantasies in live time, assisted by the latest in 4 dimensional technology.
Area 1 is being loosely called Adventure City, and will comprise 3 main core attractions.
An enormous reproduction of The Titanic and its accompanying iceberg will be the suspended as the centrepiece of this area, above the luxurious salon boasted by the ship before she sunk.
In the same zone, the films Mission Impossible and The Italian Job will also be featured, with visitors participating in a hair raising and thrilling car chase, replete with special effects and video technology. The designer said that when they decided to feature this ride their first inclination was to incorporate elements from the original production, and this could still be the case as the design for the project is developed. The Mission impossible will include a spectacular russian mountain, immersing participants into a thrilling 4d world of international espionage.
The Lost Valley will take riders on a hair raising Congo river ride through dangerous terrain and tropical terror, a zone of adventure and discovery. From here visitors will uncover the legendary castle of Beowulf, with obligatory dragon and accompanying danger, and as if that isn´t enough adventure, there´ll be a multitude of interactive elements awaiting the adventurers inside the Tomb Raider crypt.
For those with less of a lust for danger and thrills, the Woodland Fantasy will delight and thrill the senses, magical workshops, sleepy hollow taberna, a magical forest, magical trees, a zone of fantasy and discovery for the younger family members and those with imagination.
Finally, visitors will access the world of the future, Plaza Futuro.
This zone submerges visitors into the fantasies of Star Trek, which promises total immersion, action and adventures awaiting in the form of the most advanced integration technology and special effects.
Visitors can participate in a spectacular 4d battle environment in the War of the Worlds, fighting off alien invaders using the most advanced movement simulators which exist.
In the same zone, Paranormal activity awaits those who dare to enter, and we´ve been promised ghosts which will swoop and dive on visitors using frighteningly realistic 3d imagery and audio effects.
We were warned, this technology is so advanced that only the brave should dare enter........
The designer explained that whilst the conceptual part of his job required a stage and set design background, the major work in designing a project of this nature was working on the logistics of incorporating safety and technological elements into the plan, so whilst the initial concept gave an overall theme, the work was only just beginning to transform the ideas into a practical and functional final presentation, which was still months down the line.
He said his role was to inspire and entertain, immerse his visitors into an all consuming adventure and encourage them to play, explore and participate in the world´s first immersion themepark.
He acknowledged that today he couldn´t unveil the definitive final elements, but all he could promise was that a visit to the park would be an all consuming total immersion experience which would be unique to the Paramount Murcia theme park and which we´d never forget.
So now it´s over to the Proyectos Emblemáticos Murcianos team to bring in the money which will turn conceptual design into a set of project construction plans and create the 10,000 jobs so badly needed by this Region and its businesses.
For the full story and all articles, Click Paramount Park and Lifestyle center Alhama


BANGKOK: 137 Pillars Hotels & Resorts has created Sleep by Design Therapy for guests. The two treatments in the programme, now available at 137 Pillars properties in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, are Sleep by Design Therapy which is available for suite or residence guests and is conducted at Nitra Spa & Wellness or in-room; and Sleepdown for suite guests which is conducted in-room at the guests' requested time.
Under the guidance of the group's Spa Consultant, Roger Moore, a four-part Sleep Therapy treatment has been created that calibrates and touches all the senses in a 90-minute ritual to prepare the mind and body for a deep restorative sleep.
Sleep Therapy is available at Nitra Spa & Wellness or in the guest's suite as they prefer.


We understand that online shopping can be tricky so we've made the return process easy. If you are unsatisfied with your purchase or if you change your mind, simply return the products to us in its original packaging and saleable conditions within 100 days from the date of order. We'll issue a refund to your original payment source after we receive your return.
Gift wrapping fee are non-refundable.
If you decide to return your purchase then we'll refund the purchase price, less delivery fees (to cover the outward delivery costs).
We'll issue a refund to your original payment source after we receive your return.
We try our best to ensure that all products are shipped free from defects. In the case that you do receive a faulty product upon delivery, simply return the products to us for replacement.
Refund will be based on the purchase price. Gift wrapping fee are non-refundable.
Return shipping for faulty or damaged items are FREE if you live in Australia.
We will despatch your replacement product (subject to availability) once we receive the faulty or damaged goods.
If you decide to return your gift then we'll issue you a shopping voucher of the purchase price, less delivery fees (to cover the outward delivery costs). Please be aware that if you return one of these products our actual delivery costs (both outbound and inbound) will be deducted from your refund. The item must be returned in its original condition so that we can endeavour to re-sell it.
All costs for international orders associated with shipping will be at the customer's expense. This includes purchases, exchanges and or refunds.


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Can We Stop Pretending Trump's Dismissal of U.S. Attorneys Is A Scandal?
By Jay Caruso | Mar 12, 2017 4:00 AM ET
Donald Trump got rid of 46 United States Attorneys, and the media is acting as if the world is on fire. They are trying to create a scandal where none exists. If you notice, reporters will not say Trump did anything illegal or unethical. They persist in pretending something is wrong because let's face it, it's Donald Trump.
Here is a tweet from Glenn Kessler of the Washington Post:
Given @PreetBharara's investigative portfolio, it's fair to ask whether someone called in a favor to get him fired. More Qs for the WH.
— Glenn Kessler (@GlennKesslerWP) March 11, 2017
Glenn is talking about the firing of US Attorney Preet Bharara. The supposed "scandal" here is Donald Trump after being elected, asked Bharara to stay on in his role. Something changed. President Trump asked Bharara for his resignation. When he refused, Trump terminated him. 45 others were fired or asked to resign immediately.
Some reporters believe this is not business-as-usual, and are trying to make it a scandal, just as Kessler did. I happened to a do a search for when President Obama got rid of GWB holdovers for his attorneys, and I found two very different headlines, written by the same reporter for Politico, Josh Gerstein. I tweeted out screen shots:
https://twitter.com/JayCaruso/status/840606770745749504
The first one says, "Trump Team Ousts Obama-Appointed U.S. Attorneys." The second says, "Obama to replace U.S. Attorneys."
So when Donald Trump is cleaning house of political appointees of people who serve at his pleasure, he "ousts" them whereas the benevolent Barack Obama merely "replaces" people. As you can see, the tweet was pretty popular. Some people started tagging Gerstein on Twitter, and he sneered at me with this reply:
Try reading the stories and see if the situations sound parallel
— Josh "ALL CAPS country name and !" Gerstein (@joshgerstein) March 11, 2017
Gee Josh, thanks for assuming that I didn't read each of the stories because I did. Josh should be reminded the situations don't have to "parallel" for him to wrote similar headlines. The fact is, Gerstein, engaged in the worst type of media bias, which is subtle. I don't like the phrase "liberal media." It sounds conspiratorial and allows journalists to free themselves from having to explain their reporting. Subtle biases are more influencing than something overt. For example, reporters will say, "anti-abortion" or "opposed to reproductive rights" instead of saying "pro-life."
This is why Gerstein's use of the word "ousts" is not an example of reporting, but an example of editorializing. To "oust" a person is to "drive out" or "expel" someone from a position. This is not possible when the individuals in question are political appointees. Andrew McCarthy from National Review, explains:
U.S. attorneys are the instruments through which the president exercises his policy discretion. That is why they are political appointees. They do not have power of their own. Under our Constitution, all executive power is reposed in the president alone. Every officer of the executive branch is thus a delegate. The U.S. attorney exercises the president's power and can be removed at the president's will.
It is only natural, then, that a president will want his power wielded by his own appointees, whom he trusts to carry out his policy program. And it thus follows that, when there is a transition between administrations that see the world, and the Justice Department's role in it, as differently as the Obama and Trump administrations, there will be sweeping turnover, carried out rapidly.
This practice goes back to 1993 when then-President Bill Clinton and his Attorney General Janet Reno asked for the immediate resignation of 93 U.S. attorneys, including one named Jeff Sessions. There is no indication the men and women, appointed by George H.W. Bush, did sub-par work. It was merely a new administration, shaping the government to conform to their policy agenda.
If Trump is accused of anything, it's that he carried out these dismissals haphazardly. That would not be a first for the Trump administration.
From what we have witnessed early on, the Trump administration will not go without its fair share of scandals. Don't make one up.
Tags: DONALD TRUMP JEFF SESSIONS JOSH GERSTEIN POLITICO U.S. ATTORNEY'S
Galaxy-Brains Find the Real Culprit Behind Russia's Aggression Under Joe Biden: Donald Trump


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text:
Q: three grasshoppers jumping on a plane. The problem is dead simple:

Three grasshoppers sit on a plane not in a line. Every second just one
  of the grasshoppers hops symmetrically over one of the others. Can
  they return to the initial positions after n seconds?

The very tempting answer that it is not possible if the n is odd and possible if the n is even is correct. Also it is not hard to show that if n is even it is correct (you can just use one grasshopper and jump back and forward). But I fail to get a prove for n is odd.
I understand that I have to look for some sort of invariant and show that when n is odd there is a contradiction, but I fail to find the invariant.

A: Hint: if positions of grasshoppers are $g_1, g_2, g_3$, check out what happens to $\det( g_2 - g_1, g_3 - g_1 )$.

A: (This is @Adayah 's answer told in other words.)
Let $g_i$ $(1\leq i\leq3)$ be the positions of the three grasshoppers. The triangle $\triangle$  formed by the $g_i$ changes its orientation at each jump. When the $g_i$ are arranged counterclockwise along $\partial\triangle$ at the start then they will be arranged clockwise after an odd number of jumps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Passwords alone are not a good authentication mechanism. Too many things can go wrong with passwords for eCommerce retailers to entirely trust them. Users often choose weak passwords or accidentally allow them to fall into the hands of malicious individuals. Particularly in the eCommerce world, where sensitive data, money, and a business's reputation are on the line, something more than the humble password is needed.
Two-factor authentication is the best way to supplement password logins to make them secure. The more factors of identification a user can present to an authentication system, the higher the chance that they are who they claim to be. When you apply for a bank account, the bank will ask you for several forms of identification: maybe your passport, driver's license, and a utility bill with your address on it. It would be quite easy for a third-party to get hold of any one of those, but it's unlikely they can get all three.
Two-factor authentication works on a similar principle. The password is one factor of authentication. It's something the user knows. If it's a long and random password that only the user knows, then it's probably sufficient for secure authentication.
But passwords often fall into the wrong hands, or are chosen poorly and easily guessed. TFA adds another factor of authentication. It can be something that's permanently part of the user, like the fingerprint system in recent iPhones. Or it can be something in the user's possession, like their phone or a small device created for the purpose.
The most common form — and the one used by the Sentry Magento Two-Factor authentication plugin — relies on a mobile device in the possession of the user with an app installed. The app produces number which is entered into the store's login interface. The number proves that the user has access to the authenticated device. Each number only works for a short time, so the eCommerce store can be sure that the user has the device in their possession right when they are logging in.
Depending on the system in use, the number can be entered into Magento's login interface by the user or sent to the store directly by the device — in both cases the principle is the same; the user has to prove they know their password and have the TFA device in their possession. A hacker might steal the password, and they might steal the phone, but getting both together is vastly more unlikely. And, if the phone is stolen or lost, it can simply be removed from the TFA system, rendering it useless to a hacker.
Two-factor authentication uses a third-party service that creates the TFA application and manages various parts of the process. If you use Google's services, you're probably already familiar with Google Authenticator. TFA for Magento can use Google Authenticator and other services, such at Duo Mobile.
The mechanism behind this form of TFA is quite complex, but in a nutshell, an application on the phone and the TFA service share a secret: a long complex number that's utterly impossible to guess. The device and the service do some clever maths that involves that number and the current time to create the code the user sends to authenticate. Because no-one else knows the secret, it's impossible for them to know the number and if they find out the number, it will be too late because it only works for 30 seconds.
Two-factor authentication can significant enhance the security of Magento stores, and with the Sentry Magento TFA extension, it's simple to install and configure.


A Chain of Evidence is a detective story by American author Carolyn Wells.
This is the third mystery story involving the Sherlock Holmes like detective Fleming Stone who is brought in to solve another mystery.
Here we have another locked room mystery; this time its an apartment building with but one exit, the front door. The door is chained at 10 p.m., all the windows latched and the only suspects, a young woman and her female servant left in the apartment with the woman's uncle. The next morning, the man is found dead in his bed but its not a natural death, there's a pin stuck in his neck.
The solution - who knows? Read and enjoy.
A Chain of Evidence was first published in 1907. Also available as audiobook, total running time: 7 hours, 19 min. Reading by Richard Kilmer.
Carolyn Wells (1862–1942) was an American author and poet. Carolyn Wells wrote a total of more than 170 books. During the first ten years of her career, she concentrated on poetry, humor, and children's books. However, Carolyn Wells began reading mystery stories written by Anna Katherine Green, and from then on she devoted her writings to puzzling mysteries in a similar vein.


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text:
Home News News News Articles General Election 2017: Conservative Manifesto
General Election 2017: Conservative Manifesto
The Conservative party published its general election manifesto on 18 May.
Key proposals for our sector include:
• Retention of the 3 million apprenticeships target by 2020
• Creation of a National Retraining Scheme to 'help workers stay in secure jobs'
• Subsidised travel for apprentices
• A right to lifelong learning in digital skills
• Pushing ahead with the Sainsbury technical education reforms
• Doubling the Immigration Skills Charge to £2,000 to help fund other training
• Ensuring apprenticeships can be used as a route to become a qualified teacher or nurse
• Establishing a National Productivity Investment Fund with £250m in funding for skills by 2020.
The manifesto confirmed other measures already in the pipeline such as levy payers being able to use their levy for apprenticeships in their supply chain companies.
It is also said that there will be no further radical welfare reform in the new Parliament and that the roll-out of Universal Credit will continue.
Commenting on the Conservative manifesto, AELP CEO Mark Dawe said:
'It's very encouraging to see 32 mentions of skills in the manifesto and we welcome the new proposals, but this is the new reality for a post-Brexit Britain with migratory controls – we have to train our own. AELP is also pleased that the Conservatives have retained the 3 million apprenticeships target which can be achieved with the retention of good quality provision within the programme. The commitments to post-16 technical education and improving English, maths and digital skills are welcome too.
'The apprenticeship levy is going to transform skills and productivity among large employers but growth in the economy is heavily dependent on SMEs and we must ensure that enough funding from whichever source is being directed towards supporting the apprenticeships of these businesses. Therefore we are a little concerned about the proposal that proceeds of the apprenticeship levy should also contribute towards the wage costs of the proposed National Retraining Scheme although the scheme itself could be a valuable addition to tackling the post-Brexit skills challenges. The proposed wage subsidy will place further strain on the levy unless a new government guarantees a £1bn annual budget to train the apprentices of non-levy paying employers – a call that formed a major component of AELP's own manifesto.
'The manifesto says that money from the doubling of the annual charge levied on companies for each skilled worker they bring to the UK from the rest of the EU will be used to train British workers. It would be good if this was allocated to SMEs' apprenticeships.
'The offer to subsidise the travel costs of apprentices is good news because it underpins the social mobility agenda. More support for the Traineeships programme would also make a big difference in this regard.'
The full manifesto can be downloaded here: https://www.conservatives.com/manifesto.


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HANSON v. UNITED STATES
HANSON v. UNITED STATES (2019)
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
James B. HANSON, Petitioner-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Respondent-Appellee.
Decided: October 22, 2019
Before Wood, Chief Judge, and Bauer and Hamilton, Circuit Judges. Edward Dumoulin, Attorney, GOLDMAN ISMAIL TOMASELLI BRENNAN & BAUM LLP, Chicago, IL, for Petitioner-Appellant. James M. Cutchin, Amanda A. Robertson, Attorneys, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Benton, IL, Scott Dion, Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Fairview Heights, IL, for Respondent-Appellee.
Following a six-year investigation into a methamphetamine operation, James Hanson was indicted on May 5, 2009, with conspiracy to manufacture, distribute, and possess with intent to distribute methamphetamine in excess of 500 grams. The Government established Hanson's three prior drug offenses and Kentucky felony third-degree residential burglary conviction. On December 10, 2009, Hanson pleaded guilty pursuant to a plea agreement. Per the agreement, the government listed only one prior felony drug conviction under 21 U.S.C. § 851, instead of all three potentially qualifying convictions, and relied in part on Hanson's prior burglary conviction for a lesser recommended sentencing range under the Guidelines.
In the Presentence Investigation Report ("PSR"), the Probation Officer calculated Hanson's total offense level as 34, with a criminal history of VI, for a Sentencing Guidelines range of 262 to 327 months. U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(c)(3). After conducting a sentencing hearing where the district court heard from both parties, the district court adopted the PSR, sentencing Hanson to 262 months in prison followed by ten years of supervised release. On appeal, Hanson challenges the district court's denial of his collateral challenge to his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. We conclude that the district court did not commit any reversible errors and affirm.
Hanson argues that the district court erred when it included his third-degree burglary as a crime of violence, enhancing Hanson's status to a career offender. We review the district court's legal conclusions de novo. Hrobowski v. United States, 904 F.3d 566, 569 (7th Cir. 2018).
Postconviction sentences may be changed if the sentence "was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, or [if] the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or [if] the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law ․" 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a). "[N]ot every error is corrigible in a post-conviction proceeding, even if the error is not harmless." Hawkins v. United States, 706 F.3d 820, 823 (7th Cir. 2013). Even errors that are not harmless may not be cognizable under a § 2255 proceeding. Id.
We have held that "relief under § 2255 is available 'only in extraordinary situations, such as an error of constitutional or jurisdictional magnitude or where a fundamental defect has occurred which results in a complete miscarriage of justice.' " United States v. Coleman, 763 F.3d 706, 708 (7th Cir. 2014) (quoting Blake v. United States, 723 F.3d 870, 878–79 (7th Cir. 2013)). A defendant may file a § 2255 motion within one year of the latest of four dates, including the date of final judgment and "the date on which the right asserted was initially recognized by the Supreme Court, if that right has been newly recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review." 28 U.S.C. §§ 2255(f)(1) and (3).
Under § 2255(f)(1), a defendant has one year from the final judgment to file a § 2255 motion. This court dismissed Hanson's appeal on August 25, 2010. The conviction became final on November 23, 2010. Hanson failed to file a § 2255 motion within one year. The statute of limitations to file a § 2255 motion for Hanson's final conviction ended on November 23, 2011. Therefore, Hanson's motion under § 2255(f)(1) is untimely.
Alternatively, Hanson argues the Supreme Court in Mathis recognized a new right on June 23, 2016, allowing him to file a § 2255 motion by June 23, 2017. However, the Supreme Court stated in Mathis that the rules being applied came from precedent. Mathis v. United States, ––– U.S. ––––, 136 S. Ct. 2243, 195 L.Ed.2d 604 (2016). "Our precedents make this a straightforward case. For more than 25 years, we have repeatedly made clear that application of ACCA involves, and involves only, comparing elements." Id. at 2257. Instead, the Supreme Court distinguished between "elements" and "means," where "elements" are "constituent parts" of a crime and "means" are "various factual ways of committing some component of the offense." Id. at 2249. Hanson has failed to show that the Supreme Court in Mathis intended to create a new rule upon which the statute of limitations may run.
We briefly address Hanson's letter to the court, which confuses the Government's argument that Mathis must be declared retroactive "by the Supreme Court." Rather, the Government states in its brief: "[n]evertheless, the measuring period begins when the Supreme Court declares a new right, not when the courts acknowledge the right to be retroactive." We understand the Government's position as not requiring the right to be declared retroactive by the Supreme Court, but rather the Supreme Court must declare a new right for the courts to apply retroactivity.
Hanson argues the district court misapplied the career offender enhancement under the advisory Guidelines, resulting in a "miscarriage of justice." Sentencing errors that can be raised on direct appeal are generally not cognizable upon collateral review. Cognizable sentencing errors include sentencing decisions rendered unlawful by a clarification in the law or sentencing decisions that exceed the statutory maximum. See Narvaez v. United States, 674 F.3d 621, 627 (7th Cir. 2011) (granting relief under the pre-Booker mandatory guidelines); and see Welch v. United States, 604 F.3d 408, 412–13 (7th Cir. 2010) (granting relief for errors in applying the statutory enhancements under the Armed Criminal Career Act).
The Guidelines establish a career offender as a defendant who is "at least eighteen years old at the time he committed the offense of conviction; the offense of conviction must be a felony that is either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense; and the defendant must have at least two prior felony convictions of either a crime of violence or a controlled substance offense." U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a). A judge uses advisory Guidelines to determine whether the sentencing range is consistent with the appropriate considerations. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Nonetheless, "the judge may not even presume that a sentence within the applicable Guidelines range would be proper. [The judge] must first determine whether ․ the sentencing considerations [comply with] 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), and if ․ not [the judge] may not impose it even though it is within the applicable guidelines range." Hawkins v. United States, 706 F.3d at 822.
A change in the law revoking the status under the now-advisory Guidelines of "crime of violence" from a prior conviction is not cognizable upon collateral review. Coleman, 763 F.3d at 708–09. Here, the government concedes that the Kentucky third-degree burglary statute does not inherently involve "purposeful, violent, and aggressive conduct" of a "crime of violence" as part of the career offender designation. But the district court did not rely solely, or even principally, on the advisory Guidelines. Instead, it referenced multiple considerations in imposing Hanson's sentence, including the advisory Guidelines, the lengthy PSR, the argument of the parties, and factors set forth in § 3553(a).
While this case directly involves, and is controlled by, our precedent on § 2255, our recent decision in Chazen regarding a § 2241 motion is aptly distinguishable here. In Chazen, we discussed the statutory enhancement of the Armed Career Criminal Act, which mandated a minimum 15-year sentence for a person with three or more prior convictions for a "violent felony" or "serious drug offense." Chazen v. Marske, 938 F.3d 851, 853 (7th Cir. 2019) (citing 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1)). Chazen sought relief under § 2241, claiming the district court improperly sentenced him to the enhanced minimum under the statute due to his prior burglary convictions, which were not "violent felonies." We found that "Mathis can provide the basis for [a] § 2241 petition ․ under the Armed Career Criminal Act" because the sentence at issue mandated a minimum sentence of incarceration. Chazen, 938 F.3d at 862.
While Mathis may provide a basis for awarding habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 from an Armed Career Criminal Act sentence as in Chazen, the reasoning of Chazen does not extend to providing habeas relief from an application of the advisory Guidelines. Here, the district court sentenced Hanson not with mandatory minimums, but with combined considerations from the advisory Guidelines and the appropriate factors. While the Armed Career Criminal Act requires a mandatory minimum of 15 years, a judge must independently determine the sentence based on 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors and whether the career offender enhancement applies. Therefore, Chazen does not afford relief to Hanson.
Hanson claims the district court committed an arguable error in applying the advisory Guidelines that created a miscarriage of justice. Hawkins and Coleman are controlling here. As in Hawkins, the sentence imposed here was based on advisory Guidelines, not mandatory Guidelines or statutory minimums, as in Chazen and cases prior to Booker. An error that may have occurred in calculating the Guidelines range does not constitute a "miscarriage of justice" when the "sentence is well below the ceiling imposed by Congress." Coleman, 763 F.3d at 708 (citing Hawkins, 706 F.3d at 824–25).
The difference between the Guidelines range with the burglary compared to the range without the burglary is moot, because the court could have easily relied on the additional drug offenses or other § 3553 factors. The possibility of a different sentence in light of the error is not enough to distinguish this case from Hawkins or Coleman. There is no reason to believe that the district court would be inclined to revise the sentence based solely on the removal of the third-degree Kentucky burglary charge, considering the additional drug offenses. Therefore, Hanson did not suffer a "miscarriage of justice" and his claim for collateral relief is denied.
We AFFIRM the district court's denial of Hanson's § 2255 motion in favor of respondent-appellee.
Bauer, Circuit Judge.