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Trump feels presidential smartphone security is "too inconvenient"
The mobile device habits of President Donald J. Trump have been an ongoing source of agitation for many—and not just because of his frequent blasts on Twitter. Getting Trump to adapt his device use to the potential security threats faced by a head of state has proven to be a challenge for the White House Communications Agency (WHCA) and the White House's information technology team.
Trump's truculence has hamstrung efforts to secure his personal communications and may well already have exposed them to domestic or foreign surveillance efforts by other governments—or just about anyone else with the ability to intercept cell calls and cellular data.
According to a report by Politico's Eliana Johnson, Emily Stephenson, and Daniel Lippman, Trump has resisted all efforts to get him to use a secured mobile device, instead relying on a pair of off-the-shelf cell phones—one for Twitter only and the other for placing calls. And while the phones used for calls are treated to a degree as "burner phones"—with devices being swapped out regularly—Trump has pushed back on regular security checks and swap-outs of his Twitter phone, calling them "too inconvenient." Two White House officials told Politico that Trump has gone as long as five months without having his Twitter device checked by IT or WHCA staff.
Because of the sensitivity of White House communications and their connection to national security, the WHCA is a military unit that falls under the Defense Information Systems Agency. DISA and the National Security Agency have worked together to develop secure mobile devices for national leadership; during the Obama administration, DISA launched the DOD Mobility Classified Capability-Secret (DMCC-S) program and an accompanying voice-only Top Secret device program (DMCC-TS). The Top Secret device is still in development, but former Secretary of State John Kerry was an early user of the DMCC-S device—a hardened Samsung Galaxy S4 device based on Samsung's Knox security architecture.
Obama eventually moved to another hardened Android device adopted by the DMCC program. While the Galaxy S4 was released for wider use, Defense One's Patrick Tucker reported that Obama received a Boeing Black device—one with heavily restricted functionality.
A tale of two iPhones
But Trump wanted to be able to tweet and call people at will—neither of which is a feature of either DMCC-S device. So initially, he stuck to using his personal phone. While he was photographed right after his inauguration aboard Air Force One using an iPhone 5, he also continued to use Twitter from a personal Android phone—by some reports, a Samsung Galaxy III.
As Ars reported last year, he eventually was convinced to use an iPhone locked down for use with Twitter only. But he continued to resist using a secure phone for calls, because that would have meant routing those calls through the WHCA switchboard, and reportedly continued to place calls from his own Android phone from the White House residence after hours.
The current security regimen, if you can call it that, was a compromise, sort of—the WHCA and IT staff have been allowed to check the phones Trump uses for calls with some regularity for signs of malware. They have not had their cameras disabled. However, they likely have policies configured on them to prevent the installation of applications and use of other phone features and have up-to-date software. One Politico source said that the device, like the Twitter phone, is an Apple iPhone—so the devices Trump is given likely have been restricted using Apple's Configurator application.
While these steps would likely prevent malware from being introduced into Trump's phones, this isn't necessarily the most secure option, given that there are other ways to attack mobile devices. Even if Trump regularly cycles through phones used for calls, that would not prevent interception of his calls by using gear that "spoofs" cell towers—convincing the phone that it's the closest, best cellular connection to pair with (much like how the devices used by law enforcement and intelligence organizations, frequently referred to as "stingrays," work).
And there are other network risks associated with allowing a broadband data connection from within the White House, particularly if an attacker can leverage the mechanisms usually used by carriers to push software and firmware updates out to mobile devices. A smartphone's baseband processor—the hardware that sits between the smartphone's processor and the cellular network—runs on its own operating system and could be used as a back-door into the device. This is what developers of Replicant, the fully open source/free version of Android, found Samsung had done on Galaxy phones.
As president, Trump has the authority to dictate how he communicates. And finding a balance between security and convenience remains a tricky dance even for executives with a much less daunting threat model. But given the amount of grief the Trump campaign gave former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton over her email use, the risks Trump is willing to run just to have unimpeded access to his Twitter and his contacts outside government seem a bit beyond what would be prudent.
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Home » Authors » Ilana Herzig
Ilana Herzig
Ilana Herzig, an assistant editor at Architectural Record, is a Brooklyn-based writer from California. Her writing has appeared in The Brooklyn Rail, The Los Angeles Times, Hyperallergic, & Artsy among others. Ilana holds a B.A. from Northwestern University and a masters from Columbia Journalism School.
Lesley Lokko to Curate the 2023 Venice Architecture Biennale
The founding director of the African Futures Institute and previously the founder and director of University of Johannesburg's GSA has been appointed to organize the international exhibition.
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The celebrated architect and Pritzker Laureate has over 100 built projects across his decades-long career that has emphasized urban planning, social housing, and education.
Snapshot: The Russian Pavilion by SPEECH Tchoban & Kuznetsov at Expo Dubai
Photographed by RECORD contributor Roland Halbe, Russia's vibrant "thread" wrapped domes at Dubai's World Expo spotlight global innovation and Russian creativity.
Snapshot: District Energy Facility by Leers Weinzapfel Associates on Harvard's Allston Campus
The LEED Gold-designed facility efficiently generates electricity as well as hot and cold water for the school's expansion into Boston's Allston neighborhood.
Dubai Expo's Fantastical National Pavilions
The Middle East's first World Fair showcases innovative concepts from more than 190 countries and unorthodox designs by celebrated architects.
ABI Increases Slightly Remaining Positive
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Snapshot: FXCollaborative 250 Park Avenue Lobby
The design team sensitively modernizes the lobby of the 1920s building while paying tribute to its past.
Snapshot: Cohen Quad at Exeter College by Alison Brooks
Oxford, UK
The architect re-imagines the age-old Oxford quadrangle to create a light-drenched space for students and faculty to gather.
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Paris's oldest museum reopens with a fresh new look by Snøhetta and Chatillon Architectes.
View All Articles by Ilana Herzig

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Posted inARTS & ENTERTAINMENT
Rapper 2 Chainz Charged with Drug Possession in Los Angeles
by Associated Press April 3, 2014 January 25, 2022
Prosecutors have charged Grammy-nominated rapper 2 Chainz with felony drug possession after his arrest last year at Los Angeles International Airport.
The 36-year-old entertainer, whose real name is Tauheed Epps, is scheduled to be arraigned April 8 on a felony charge of codeine possession.
The rapper was arrested in June after airport officials reported finding ingredients for the cough syrup-based concoction known as "sizzurp" in his checked baggage.
Publicist Sarah Cunningham said the rapper had no comment.
The Atlanta-area native is best known for his hits "Birthday Song," "I'm Different" and "Feds Watching," as well as collaborations with some of rap's biggest names, including Nicki Minaj and Kanye West.
The case was first reported by celebrity web site TMZ.com.


We've already reviewed several reliable store switching modules, but this time one of our favorite extension provides prepared a surprise. Meet the Magento 2 store switcher by Amasty. The company is famous for its reliable and fully-featured extensions; the Magento 2 Store Switcher module is not an exception. Below, we shed light on its frontend/backend functionality and features. Make your website comfortable for visitors all over the world!
Create an IP list to disable redirects.
As you can see, the Amasty Store Switcher for Magento 2 does the same things as other similar tools: it provides international visitors with the appropriate store view automatically. As a result, potential buyers see a website in a native language and prices in local currency.
As a store administrator, you can easily apply mapping for countries and currencies to provide shoppers with corresponding data. Besides, the Magento 2 store switcher extension allows setting country to URL relation to guide international customers to specific pages. At the same time, your customers still can switch between store versions manually. Besides, the backend configuration allows choosing to redirect users automatically each time they come to your e-commerce storefront or only during the first visit.
The configuration section of the Magento 2 store switcher extension is traditionally available under Stores -> Settings -> Configuration -> Amasty Extensions. Open the GeoIP Redirect tab to fine-tune the module. There are five sections here: General, Restriction, Country to Store View Redirect, Country to Currency Switch, and Country to URL Redirect.
Under the General section, enable the GeoIP redirect functionality.
The Restriction section has more options. First of all, there are three ways to apply the extension logic to: all except specified URLs, specified URLs, or redirects from homepage only. Next, you can create two lists: user agents to ignore and IPs to ignore. Enable first visit redirect just to provide customers with the ability to switch between store views manually. The last option allows you to enable/disable redirect between websites.
The Country to Store View Redirect section allows enabling/disabling this type of redirect.
The same is about Country to Currency Switch, but you can apply mapping here.
Mapping in Country to URL Redirect is the same.


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Guide: The Best Things To Do With Kids
Staying socially distant this summer can be a struggle for kids, but that doesn't mean they can't have a fun, fulfilling season! From farm fun, to sweet tooth heaven, to kite adventures, it's going to be hard to get bored here in Mercer.
Hands-On Experiences
Fun Outings
PJ's Pancake House
154 Nassau Street, Princeton, NJ 08540
http://www.pancakes.com
Every parent knows the struggle of taking your kids, especially small ones, to a restaurant. If you're hoping to take a break from constantly being in the kitchen, but need a child-friendly place to go, choose PJ's. They're way more than just pancakes. They serve everything from tacos to artisan sandwiches to slow cooked chili and glazed salmon. They have a wonderful variety for visitors of any age, and it's all delicious.
Photo via https://www.instagram.com/pjspancakehouse/
The Bent Spoon
35 Palmer Square West, Princeton, NJ 08542
https://www.thebentspoon.com
Go around the corner into the heart of Princeton where you'll run into The Bent Spoon. Home to NJ's best artisan ice cream, but not so fancy your kids won't absolutely fall in love with it. Grab an ice cream sandwich, milkshake or of course one of their delicious ice cream cones with new flavors that drop each week. They even carry puppy ice cream (vet approved!) that benefits the Save Animal Shelter. 100% of the proceeds go to helping animals in need! You can't beat that!
Photo via https://www.instagram.com/thebentspoon/
Pick-Your-Own at Terhune Orchards
330 Cold Soil Road, Princeton, NJ 08540
https://www.terhuneorchards.com
There's something very satisfying about picking fresh fruit right from the source. Kids will love filling up their baskets with fresh berries and then visiting the adorable farm animals next door. We also are appreciating the hand washing stations set up around the farm, along with porch pick-up options for their farm store. Masks must be worn while visiting.
Photo via https://www.terhuneorchards.com
Old Barracks Museum
101 Barrack Street, Trenton, NJ 08608
https://www.barracks.org
Want to get your kids excited about history? Stop by the Old Barracks. It brings the world of colonial America to life through interpretive programs and exhibits. Please note: tickets are required before arriving. Order online from their website listed above! Hand sanitizer is available at the museum and masks must be worn while on site.
Photo via https://www.instagram.com/p/B6oMdIUHGk1/
Fly a Kite at Princeton Battlefield State Park
500 Mercer Road, Princeton, NJ 08540
When was the last time you flew a kite? It's such a simple, yet fun way to spend an afternoon. The Princeton Battlefield State Park has a lot of open space to run, which is perfect for this type of adventure. You can also sit under the great oak for some shade and an afternoon picnic. All the fresh air and family time will have your kids sleeping like babies when they get home.
Can't find a kite? Visit JaZams toy store in Palmer Square!
Photo via https://www.flickr.com/photos/triborough/7429062774
Bike Ride at Lawrence Hopewell Trail
197 Blackwell Road, Pennington, NJ 08534
Kids and adults all enjoy riding bikes. It's fresh air, it's exercise and it's a fun way to spend an afternoon exploring. The LHT offers more than 19 miles of pathways through scenic and historic paths. Some challenging parts of the trails so check ahead where you want to start and end.
Photo via https://bicyclecoalition.org/come-explore-the-lawrence-hopewell-trail-with-us/
While you're in Mercer you have to try the farm fresh food. Check out our top spots, including a couple of our favorite restaurants, here!
Tags: activities, family, family friendly, summer, Mercer, mercer county, Food, affordable, Princeton, children


Now that I'm away from all the situations that trigger my automatic responses, and slowing down my life, I'm becoming aware of the baseline programs running in my brain. I'm noticing my brain spends a lot of time planning for the future, thinking what I should do next, both in the short-term and long-term. This seems to be a common program that starts spinning up in my brain, thinking about the future, what I need to do to maximize happiness. It's easy to spend so much time scheming for the future that I miss out on the present.
I'm noticing this happening to me. When all my schemes finally come to fruition, I often rarely get to enjoy the rewards, because my brain starts up again with new schemes.
We're programed to always want more, because cavemen who always wanted more passed on more genes than those who were content with life. But now that we're not facing the same selective pressures our cavemen ancestors faced, that drive to always want more is making us crazy and destroying the environment.
I kept experiencing the other night, listening to the phenomenal musicians performing at the local open mic. Sometimes they get into a groove, and it's like the world disappears, and the only thing that exists is the music. A moment of peak experience, when I'm totally present in the moment, absorbed in the music. Then the moment would pass, and my brain would start coming up for ideas of what I need to do, what circumstances I need to change in order to get back into that peak experience.
I began to realize that instead of doing anything, changing anything, if I just relax, and open my senses back up to the present, I could get back into the feeling of peak experience, sink back down into that total absorption in the moment. Throughout the night, whenever I noticed that dissatisfaction growing, I'd try to just let go of it, drop down out my mind and into my senses, fully experience whatever was going on around. It wasn't always successful, sometimes I did need to move of change something. But overall, by continually focusing on experiencing my environment instead of judging it, I kept settling into a state of contentment. It was a pretty cool experience, and it made for a great night.
The next morning, when I had to work, it was much harder to stay totally focused in the moment, so I still have work to do. In theory, if my mind is really quiet, I should be able to be content in any environment. But I'm not there yet. In the meantime, moving to Costa Rica, to this totally new environment, is facilitating my efforts to be present. There is so much natural beauty around, and so many happy, content people, that it takes less effort to fully experience the environment. There's lots there that I want to experience fully. The constant crashing of waves, the ocean sparkling in the sun, insect and bird calls, fascinating stories from people's lives. It's easier to get absorbed in the wonder surrounding me.
You are on quite a journey of self discovery. I was having that flow experience while diving yesterday. I think that's why we like it.


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Looking Back at 'Sister Love': Lorraine Ellison on CD Fresh Air's resident rock historian remembers soul singer Lorraine Ellison, who recorded a handful of albums and dozens of singles in the '60s and '70s; though she charted a few R&B hits, she never quite broke through to stardom. Her biggest success was with the string-saturated ballad "Stay With Me," which topped out at No. 11 on the R&B charts and has since been covered by everyone from Bette Midler to teenybopper idol Rex Smith.
Looking Back at 'Sister Love': Lorraine Ellison on CD
July 24, 200711:00 AM ET
Heard on Fresh Air
Ed Ward
Fresh Air's resident rock historian remembers soul singer Lorraine Ellison, who recorded a handful of albums and dozens of singles in the '60s and '70s; though she charted a few R&B hits, she never quite broke through to stardom.
Ellison's biggest success was with the string-saturated ballad "Stay With Me," which topped out at No. 11 on the R&B charts and has since been covered by everyone from Bette Midler to teenybopper idol Rex Smith.


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> Press Center
Racial Justice Groups Sue DHS to Release Contents of Fully Redacted "Race Paper"
Contact: press@ccrjustice.org
Document Raises Questions About Escalating Government Surveillance and Criminalization of Black Activists
March 19, 2018, New York, NY – Today, racial justice organizations filed a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to release the contents of the agency's blacked-out memo referred to in government documents as the "Race Paper." The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and Color of Change, the groups suing today, first uncovered the existence of the "Race Paper" via a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to DHS, which sent them a fully redacted version with only the name of the attachment visible. Advocates argue that the existence of the "Race Paper," among other documents they obtained, confirms the targeted surveillance that many Black activists and organizers around the country have reported, and raises alarming questions about the agency's approach to Black people engaging in protected First Amendment activity.
"The FBI and Department of Homeland Security are at war with Black activists," said Rashad Robinson, Executive Director of Color of Change. "The documents we've forced the federal government to release expose how these agencies are demonizing and intimidating Black activists – people who are rightly demanding that our country be more just – through coordinated and systemic surveillance."
The redacted "Race Paper" is the newest of a slew of documents the groups have obtained that reveal how DHS and the FBI have both monitored and surveilled the Movement for Black Lives and pushed a state-sanctioned narrative that criminalizes Black protestors. The documents the groups received consist of a number of emails from the DHS sub-agency, the Office of Intelligence and Analysis, each with an attached, fully redacted, version of the "Race Paper."
Another set of DHS and FBI documents revealed in November 2017 show how federal agencies characterized Black protestors as "Black Supremacist Extremists" and portrayed protected First Amendment protest activity as violence-inciting as a justification to surveil activists. The documents were in stark contrast with the agencies' communications regarding white supremacist groups, whom they deemed as engaging in "lawful" protest activity. Between May and December of 2017, DHS and the FBI turned over hundreds of pages of emails, reports, policies, and surveillance documents to the Center for Constitutional Rights and Color of Change as a result of the FOIA request, many partially or fully redacted. Briefing guides are available online.
"Black and brown activists and the public in general should not be left to speculate as to why DHS prepared a document called the 'Race Paper,' circulated multiple versions of it, and called for in-person meetings to discuss its contents, but now fights to keep every word from seeing the light of day," said Omar Farah, Senior Staff Attorney at the Center for Constitutional Rights. "But given the long-standing and unconstitutional pattern of state surveillance of Black-led political movements, it bears repeating that FOIA is about transparency, not protecting government agencies from embarrassment."
The Color of Change and the Center for Constitutional Rights first filed the FOIA request to the agencies in October 2016 to uncover how DHS and the FBI were monitoring and surveilling the Movement for Black Lives, and Black protestors and organizers exercising their First Amendment constitutional rights at protests across the country. The request was specifically directed at the monitoring of protest activity whose subject matter or theme involved police violence, criminal justice, racial injustice, or the Movement for Black Lives. The request followed the many instances over the previous two years of military and counterterror resources being used to surveil protests as well as first-hand accounts of surveillance of protests and activists.
Color of Change's Rashad Robinson continued, "Black communities know all too well how poisonous this kind of surveillance and intimidation is for social justice movements. During the civil rights era, agents with the FBI's COINTELPRO program vigorously sought to discredit and destroy Black leaders and movements while they did nothing to address the injustices our communities were protesting. We can't allow the FBI to essentially operationalize COINTELPRO for the twenty-first century without a fight. Up until recently, we've known very little about the government's surveillance of our communities. But, by forcing the disclosure of more information about these surveillance efforts, including our demand today for the full and unredacted 'Race Paper,' we can better understand these attacks on Black activism and fight to prevent a new generation of Black activists from demonization, incarceration, intimidation, and punishment."
"The very purpose of FOIA is to inform the people, check government corruption, and ensure accountability. DHS's refusal to share any information without adequate explanation about the 'Race Paper' undermines the law's critical principles, so vital to a democracy," said Avidan Cover, Professor at the Case Western Reserve University School of Law. "Without more, we should be highly skeptical of the government's invocation of national security as the basis for secrecy when it comes to surveillance, race, and the right to speak, assemble, and protest."
For more information, visit CCR's case page. See also, the briefing guide to the "Race Paper" documents and the briefing guide to all of the documents obtained under this FOIA.
Color Of Change is the nation's largest online racial justice organization. We help people respond effectively to injustice in the world around us. As a national online force driven by over one million members, we move decision-makers in corporations and government to create a more human and less hostile world for Black people in America. Visit www.colorofchange.org.
The Milton A. Kramer Law Clinic Center has provided legal assistance to individual clients and organizations for over 45 years. A hallmark of the educational experience at Case Western Reserve University School of Law in Cleveland, Ohio, the clinic trains students for the legal profession by giving them the opportunity to work with real clients on real cases under faculty supervision. Each year, the clinic handles over 100 cases in many different areas of law, including human rights, immigration, criminal justice, civil litigation, intellectual property, health and community development. Visit law.case.edu and follow @CWRU_Law.
The Center for Constitutional Rights works with communities under threat to fight for justice and liberation through litigation, advocacy, and strategic communications. Since 1966, the Center for Constitutional Rights has taken on oppressive systems of power, including structural racism, gender oppression, economic inequity, and governmental overreach. Learn more at ccrjustice.org.
Please contact us for general press inquiries, or to set up interviews.
press@ccrjustice.org
We can connect you with just the right person at CCR for the story you're working on.
(Select an Expertise) Abusive Immigration Practices Corporate Human Rights Abuses Criminalizing Dissent Discriminatory Policing Drone Killings Government Surveillance Guantanamo LGBTQ Persecution Mass Incarceration Muslim Profiling Palestinian Solidarity Racial Injustice Sexual & Gender-Based Violence Torture, War Crimes, & Militarism


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19 Jun 2019 9:59 AM +00:00 UTC
Avengers: Endgame is Returning to Cinemas With New Footage to Break Avatar's Record
By Nico Parungo
Avengers: Endgame is $45 Million away from overtaking Avatar as the number one grossing movie...
Avengers: Endgame is $45 Million away from overtaking Avatar as the number one grossing movie in the world. Most people would be content with being the second highest-grossing film of all time. However, Marvel and Disney are a little more greedy than that and have revealed that Endgame is coming back to theaters with something that will get fans to come back to theaters; new footage.
That's right, according to ComicBook.com, Avengers: Endgame will return to cinemas with some unused footage that wasn't around in the first few screenings that made a billion dollars. It's not yet known what the new footage will show but that won't matter; fans will come in droves to see what Marvel adds and hopefully, it makes an already good movie better.
Kevin Feige said that the movie will be coming out next weekend, so fans should start reserving their seats. It might not be too hard - most people would rather see something new than a movie that they probably saw two or three times - but there are some crazy MCU fans out there. Better to be safe than sorry you know?
Since Endgame coming back to theaters with new footage, it will be interesting to see what the eventual Blu-Ray and digital releases add. They will probably have more new footage and a few extras that will please the hardcore Marvel fans.
Avengers: Endgame will come back to theaters next weekend. Hell, it might still be showing in theaters.
Read:Marvel Studios Expected To Make Phase 4 Announcements At Hall H In SDCC
Why The 4 Avengers Movies Are So Meta
How Avengers: Endgame Brutally Punished Star-Lord After His Infinity War Slip-Up


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Posted: November 4, 2013 / Categories Commercial, Contracts
"Best Efforts" Clause Enforced Notwithstanding Absence of Objective Criteria in Agreement Against Which Efforts Could Be Measured
On October 24, 2013, Justice Friedman of the New York County Commercial Division issued a decision in Glanzer & Co., LLC v. Air Line Pilots Association, 2013 NY Slip Op. 32713(U), denying defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing plaintiff's breach of contract claim after concluding that material issues of fact existed with respect to whether defendant had breached a "best efforts" clause in the parties' contract.
The contract in Glanzer was between an investment bank and an airline pilot's union that required the union to "use its reasonable best efforts to cause an entity or party other than [the union] . . . to pay . . . a customer investment banking fee," i.e., a "success fee," to the plaintiff in connection with labor contract negotiations between the union and U.S. Airways. The airline did not pay plaintiff a success fee, which resulted in the plaintiff suing the union for breaching the "best efforts" clause.
At the close of discovery, the union moved for summary judgment dismissing this claim on the ground that the parties' agreement contained no objective criteria against which its efforts could be measured. In her decision, Justice Friedman acknowledged a division of authority among New York courts over how to interpret "best effort" clauses. On the one hand, she wrote, there is "substantial authority that for a contractual provision requiring a party to employ reasonable efforts or 'best efforts' to be enforceable, there must be objective criteria against which a party's efforts can be measured, whether the requirement is deemed to be implicit or explicit," and, "a clear set of guidelines against which to measure a party's efforts is essential to its enforcement." (Internal quotation marks and citations omitted). On the other hand, she wrote, "there is also substantial authority that a 'best efforts' provision may be enforceable, notwithstanding that the contract itself does not set forth objective criteria by which to measure the best efforts." (Internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Indeed, Justice Friedman quoted several federal court cases characterizing New York's best efforts jurisprudence as "murky" and "far from clear."
Justice Friedman concluded that, "at least where a material question of fact exists as to whether best efforts have been made, a best efforts provision may be enforced in the absence of contractually articulated criteria" and denied the union's summary judgment motion after finding that such factual disputes existed.
Until New York's conflicting "best efforts" jurisprudence is reconciled, parties who wish to put "best efforts" clauses in their commercial agreements would be well advised to include objective criteria for measuring the success of such efforts.


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Estrées-la-Campagne est une commune française, située dans le département du Calvados en région Normandie, peuplée de .

Géographie

Climat
Le climat qui caractérise la commune est qualifié, en 2010, de « climat océanique altéré », selon la typologie des climats de la France qui compte alors huit grands types de climats en métropole. En 2020, la commune ressort du même type de climat dans la classification établie par Météo-France, qui ne compte désormais, en première approche, que cinq grands types de climats en métropole. Il s'agit d'une zone de transition entre le climat océanique, le climat de montagne et le climat semi-continental. Les écarts de température entre hiver et été augmentent avec l'éloignement de la mer. La pluviométrie est plus faible qu'en bord de mer, sauf aux abords des reliefs.

Les paramètres climatiques qui ont permis d'établir la typologie de 2010 comportent six variables pour les températures et huit pour les précipitations, dont les valeurs correspondent à la normale 1971-2000. Les sept principales variables caractérisant la commune sont présentées dans l'encadré ci-après.

Avec le changement climatique, ces variables ont évolué. Une étude réalisée en 2014 par la Direction générale de l'Énergie et du Climat complétée par des études régionales prévoit en effet que la  température moyenne devrait croître et la pluviométrie moyenne baisser, avec toutefois de fortes variations régionales. Ces changements peuvent être constatés sur la station météorologique de Météo-France la plus proche, « Saint-Sylvain_sapc », sur la commune de Saint-Sylvain, mise en service en 1997 et qui se trouve à  à vol d'oiseau, où la température moyenne annuelle est de  et la hauteur de précipitations de  pour la période 1981-2010.
Sur la station météorologique historique la plus proche, « Caen-Carpiquet », sur la commune de Carpiquet, mise en service en 1945 et à , la température moyenne annuelle évolue de  pour la période 1971-2000 à  pour 1981-2010, puis à  pour 1991-2020.

Urbanisme

Typologie
Estrées-la-Campagne est une commune rurale. Elle fait en effet partie des communes peu ou très peu denses, au sens de la grille communale de densité de l'Insee.

Par ailleurs la commune fait partie de l'aire d'attraction de Caen, dont elle est une commune de la couronne. Cette aire, qui regroupe , est catégorisée dans les aires de  à moins de .

Occupation des sols

L'occupation des sols de la commune, telle qu'elle ressort de la base de données européenne d'occupation biophysique des sols Corine Land Cover (CLC), est marquée par l'importance des territoires agricoles (92,2 % en 2018), néanmoins en diminution par rapport à 1990 (95,7 %). La répartition détaillée en 2018 est la suivante :
terres arables (90,5 %), forêts (4,4 %), zones urbanisées (3,4 %), zones agricoles hétérogènes (1,7 %).

L'IGN met par ailleurs à disposition un outil en ligne permettant de comparer l'évolution dans le temps de l'occupation des sols de la commune (ou de territoires à des échelles différentes). Plusieurs époques sont accessibles sous forme de cartes ou photos aériennes : la carte de Cassini (), la carte d'état-major (1820-1866) et la période actuelle (1950 à aujourd'hui).

Toponymie
Le nom de la localité est attesté sous les formesStratæ, Estreæ in Oximino et Estreis en 1198 ; Estrées en 1250 ; Estrais et Estrés en 1586 ; Estraits  en 1750 ; Estreez la Campagne au  siècle (Cassini).

Le nom Estrées est un terme d'ancien français, issu du latin strata (via), qui désignait une « voie couverte de pierres plates », par opposition à rupta (via) > route. Il s'est conservé dans la plupart des langues romanes (cf. l'italien et le roumain strada) et a été emprunté par le germanique (cf. l'anglais street, l'allemand Straße et le néerlandais straat). Le mot estrée a disparu du français à la fin du Moyen Âge, mais il demeure dans un grand nombre de toponymes, particulièrement dans le Nord de la France, signalant la proximité d'une voie romaine. Une voie romaine appelée Chemin Haussé traverse la commune au nord-est.

Le déterminant complémentaire -la-Campagne désigne la plaine de Caen, partie du Bessin. Il s'agit de la forme dialectale correspondant à l'ancien français champagne, champaigne, resté comme nom de région (cf. la Champagne). Le terme normanno-picard campagne est passé en français.

Histoire

Politique et administration

Démographie

Économie

Lieux et monuments
 Monument Worthington Force. Situé sur la , entre Estrées-la-Campagne et Maizières, ce monument célèbre la mémoire de la Worthington Force. Commandé par le lieutenant colonel Worthington, ce groupe blindé fut presque entièrement anéanti par un Kampfgruppe de la  Panzerdivision SS Hitlerjugend le  sur la cote 111 ; 43 chars britanniques furent détruits et une centaine de soldats tués dont le lieutenant colonel Worthington.
 Église du Quesnay. L'église fut construite à la fin du , mais les baies datent du . Dépendante du diocèse de Sées, elle fut offerte en patronage à l'abbaye Saint-Martin de Troarn vers 1180 par Goscelin de Varaville. La nef a été détruite pendant les bombardements de 1944 lors de la bataille de Normandie. Le clocher, le chœur et les vestiges de la nef sont inscrits au titre des monuments historiques depuis 1964.
 Église Notre-Dame-Saint-Jean qui fait l'objet d'un recensement à l'inventaire général du patrimoine culturel.
 Le Chemin Haussé ou chemin du Duc-Guillaume, qui fait l'objet d'un recensement à l'inventaire général du patrimoine culturel.

Activité et manifestations

Personnalités liées à la commune

Voir aussi
 Liste des communes du Calvados
 Pays de Caen

Notes et références

Notes

Références
 Altitudes, coordonnées, superficie : répertoire géographique des communes 2012 (site de l'IGN, téléchargement du 24 octobre 2013)

Liens externes

 Inventaire des archives communales sur le site des Archives départementales du Calvados

 Résumé statistique d'Estrées-la-Campagne sur le site de l'Insee

Estrees-la-Campagne
Ville titulaire de la croix de guerre 1939-1945
Aire urbaine de Caen
Aire d'attraction de Caen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Adulterated products and unfair competition put the industry's image at risk.
The industry is looking for a solution.
On initiative of the German Verband der Fruchtsaft-Industrie (VdF) for continuous monitoring of quality and labeling of citrus juices on the German market.
As instrument of industrial self-control and re-establishing clean and fair market conditions.
The "Steckbrief" (Wanted poster) contains standard values and ranges for certain reference numbers (RSK values, Richtwerte und Schwankungsbreiten bestimmter Kennzahlen) for analytical evaluation of products. The self-control of SGF has scored first success. Major quality defects are being eliminated using legal assistance.
SGF now operates independently of its sister association VdF from its own office in Zornheim. IGZ merges into SGF.
Further development of "Steckbrief für Orangensäfte"
VDF compiles RSK values for other types of fruit juice.
The work of the SGF shall be supported by all German producers. An identical membership order of VdF and SGF supports double membership in both associations. Most of the VdF members also join SGF.
For the first time, SGF controls compliance with VCS rules on quality assurance at manufacturers, bottlers and their suppliers.
This completes the VCS control chain "from the tree to the bottle and back".
SGF offers its raw material control service for bottlers in all of Europe.
The Danish fruit juice industry is the first to make use of this offer.
The Code of Practice defines a uniform commercial practice for the European market and describes authentic fruit juices taking the RSK system as model.
The bottlers from the new German Federal States join the SGF as per decision by their association.
The Regional Control System originates in cooperation with the Austrian Fruit Juice Association. Controls of market, bottlers, and suppliers are expanded beyond Germany for the first time.
I within the scope of a scientific symposium, SGF presents the results of its EU sponsored study in advanced methods for fruit juice analysis.
After Austria, Sweden is making use of the SGF/IRMA service.
European control system from different EU countries join under the umbrella of the EQCS.
Bottlers from these countries join the control system.
in Europe for all local control systems associated with EQCS.
by EQCS with regard to fulfillment of all requirements, rules and "guidelines".
succeeding A. Wiesenberger, President for many years.
namely more than 500 members from about 50 countries.
All manufacturers are being controlled following a hygiene checklist.
with the goal to initiate local control systems in the EU candidate countries in East-Europe and to support the set-up of such systems in South-Europe.
The data base contains values from authentic samples from all over the world. The fruit juice industries of Sweden and Ireland joined SGF/RQCS to be involved in SGF market and bottler/packer controls.
Start of EU research project "Pure Juice"
SGF is in charge of this project.
for market and bottler/packer controls.
service expanded into Poland and Czech Republic.
General Assembly of Schutzgemeinschaft der Fruchtsaft-Industrie e. V. approves the reform of Statutes and Structure on May 13, 2004. Official Headquarter moves from Bonn to Frankfurt/Main. New structure of the Boards: Executive Committee, IRMA-Board, RQCS-Board.
the amendment of the contribution order.
"Fruit Risk Assessment Project for Pestides" (FRAPP).
Central issues in the Code of Conduct include among others working time regulations, the payment of appropriate wages, the prohibition of child and forced labour and the ban on discrimination. The Code of Conduct also covers sustainability issues related to the environment.
Developed by Bruker Biospin in cooperation with SGF, the SGF-Profiling is an efficient pre-screening that makes quality analysis of fruit juice more efficient.
Since its introduction in 2007, the Code of Conduct has been endorsed by 90% of all SGF raw material suppliers and traders.
in the category industrial automation.
Cooperation between GlobalG.A.P. and SGF International e.V.
in the area of safeguarding minimum ecological and social standards on the level of fruit farmers and suppliers in the fruit juice industry.
Changing from the legal form of a European Economic Interest Group (EEIG) into the legal form of a non-profit organization under Belgian law (AISBL – Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif) with new statutes and guidelines.
From now on, the China Inspection Authority for Import and Export (CIQA) advises all China's fruit processors to join the SGF, participate in the SGF/IRMA control system and comply with the IRMA audit and inspection standards. Furthermore, all Chinese importers of concentrated fruit juice, purees etc. are advised to purchase from suppliers audited by SGF/IRMA.
with headquarters in Mainz. The QJF assumes the SGF's assets in the improbable event of the SGF going into liquidation.
SGF/IRMA (International Raw Material Assurance), founded in 1989. The successful work of industrial self-control is being presented by a five-minute video clip.
Based on mutual association membership the quality of fruit juices and their raw materials on the Chinese market shall be assured.
The Brazilian Association of Citrus Exporters (CitrusBR) and SGF support the philosophy and commitment of the corresponding partner association.
to share experience and complete a training programme. In future, it will be held every two years.
Signing of the cooperation agreement with the Chinese Citrus Research Institute (CRI), Chongqing, focused on safety and authenticity data of Chinese orange juice.
Signing of the cooperation agreement with the China Chamber of Commerce of I/E of Foodstuffs, Native Produce & Animal By-Products, Fruit & Vegetables & Industrial Food Dept China (CFNA).
Project agreement "QUALITHAI" between the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and SGF to improve product safety and quality for the Thai fruit juice industry.
Cooperation with the Turkish fruit juice association MEYED.
Contract with the Association of Russian Fruit Juice Producers RSPS about an IRMA service programme.
Contract with the South African Fruit Juice Association SAFJA about an IRMA service programme.
Dr. Joachim Tretzel, Döhler GmbH, Darmstadt, is the new president of SGF International e.V.
as successor of the former long-time president Dr. Karl Neuhäuser who is nominated as honorary president.
At the General Assembly, SGF presents the new, professionally designed company logo.
The auditors now handle the data retrieval, data input and data transmission during the audit with the help of the newly developed app through a tablet. This paperless system is environmentally friendly, cost and time efficient and less prone to mistakes.
during the Juice Summit in Antwerp with a gala evening attended by around 500 guests. From the first analysis of finished products on the market, SGF has developed into the acknowledged global system for fruit juices that serves the industry regarding all aspects of production, quality, authenticity, safety and sustainability.
A final workshop at the "SGF/IRMA Conference Thailand and Far East" marks the conclusion of the SGF-project QUALITHAI (project to improve product safety and quality for the fruit juice industry in Thailand).
Through an internal audit, SGF International e.V. prepares for the upcoming ISO 9001:2015 certification.
At the General Assembly in Antwerp, Belgium, SGF presents the new, professionally designed corporate video "Be Part of a Safe System", that imparts SGF's core process in an entertaining manner.
For the first time, SGF certifies a German forwarding agent that conducts aseptic transports for the fruit juice industry.
In its Code of Business Conduct (CoBC) of the fruit juice industy, AIJN has formulated principles on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability matters that have to be approved by SGF/IRMA and SGF/IQCS members in order to become SGF-certified.
Training of the SGF-auditors regarding current developments at SGF and new versions of the audit app.
SGF and IFU jointly organize seminars in five different Latin American countries in order to intensify the contact to the local members and to inform about new developments of the fruit juice sector.
For the first time, it is officially certified that SGF that SGF has implemented and maintains a Quality Management System in the scope of the voluntary self-control of the worldwide juice industry that fulfils the requirements of the ISO 9001:2015 standard.


text:
using System;
using Microsoft.SPOT;

// Required for NETMF to recognized extension methods
namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Attribute required for extension methods.
    /// </summary>
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Assembly | AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method)]
    public sealed class ExtensionAttribute : Attribute { }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tingena decora is a species of moth in the family Oecophoridae. It is endemic to New Zealand and has been collected at Lake Rotoroa and adults are on the wing in February.

Taxonomy
This species was first described by Alfred Philpott in 1928 using specimens collected at Lake Rotoroa, near Nelson in February and named Borkhausenia decora. In 1939 George Hudson discussed and illustrated this species under the name B. decora. In 1988 J. S. Dugdale placed this species within the genus Tingena. The male holotype is held in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection.

Description

Philpott described this species as follows:
This species is very similar in appearance to T. compsogramma but T. docora is a more rich and darkly coloured moth.

Distribution
This species is endemic to New Zealand and has been collected at Lake Rotoroa.

Behaviour
This species is on the wing in February.

References

Oecophoridae
Moths of New Zealand
Moths described in 1928
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Alfred Philpott
Endemic moths of New Zealand


text:
Dating Matt Allard
Matt Allard
Matt Allard is a 38-year-old American Novelist from Michigan, United States. He was born on Wednesday, November 23, 1983. Is Matt Allard married or single, and who is he dating now? Let's find out!
As of 2022, Matt Allard is possibly single.
His first series of short stories was published in 2010.
Michigan, United States
November 23, 1983 (age 38)
Fun Fact: On the day of Matt Allard's birth, "All Night Long (All Night)" by Lionel Richie was the number 1 song on The Billboard Hot 100 and Ronald Reagan (Republican) was the U.S. President.
Matt Allard's Girlfriend
Matt Allard is single. He is not dating anyone currently. Matt had at least 1 relationship in the past. Matt Allard has not been previously engaged. He frequently features his dog Ninja on his Instagram. According to our records, he has no children.
Like many celebrities and famous people, Matt keeps his personal and love life private. Check back often as we will continue to update this page with new relationship details. Let's take a look at Matt Allard past relationships, ex-girlfriends and previous hookups.
Matt Allard's birth sign is Sagittarius. Aggressively fun, this sign usually moves full speed ahead once they have their love target 'locked'. They enjoy a challenge and especially are attracted to confident outgoing partners. The most compatible signs with Sagittarius are generally considered to be Aries, Leo, Libra, and Aquarius. The least compatible signs with Sagittarius are generally considered to be Virgo and Pisces. Matt Allard also has a ruling planet of Jupiter.
Matt Allard Biography
Matt Allard was born on the 23rd of November in 1983 (Millennials Generation). The first generation to reach adulthood in the new millennium, Millennials are the young technology gurus who thrive on new innovations, startups, and working out of coffee shops. They were the kids of the 1990s who were born roughly between 1980 and 2000. These 20-somethings to early 30-year-olds have redefined the workplace. Time magazine called them "The Me Me Me Generation" because they want it all. They are known as confident, entitled, and depressed.
Matt's life path number is 1.
Matt Allard is popular for being a Novelist. Author best known for his short story collections To Slow Down The Time and Pops and Clicks. He is also a photographer and features his works on his lifeserial Instagram. He is an author like Veronica Roth. The education details are not available at this time. Please check back soon for updates.
Matt Allard is turning 39 in
Matt was born in the 1980s. The 1980s was the decade of big hair, big phones, pastel suits, Cabbage Patch Kids, Rubik's cubes, Yuppies, Air Jordans, shoulder pads and Pac Man. During the Eighties, Berlin Wall crumbled, new computer technologies emerged and blockbuster movies and MTV reshaped pop culture.
The 38-year-old American was born in the Year of the Pig and is part of Millennials Generation
According to Chinese Zodiac, Matt was born in the Year of the Pig. People born in the Year of the Pig are good-mannered. They are always forgiving of other people's mistakes, which at times can translate to naivete and gullibility.
Matt Allard Facts
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Is Matt Allard gay?
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Is Matt Allard having any relationship affair?
Was Matt Allard ever been engaged?
Matt Allard has not been previously engaged.
How rich is Matt Allard?
Discover the net worth of Matt Allard on CelebsMoney
Matt Allard's birth sign is Sagittarius and he has a ruling planet of Jupiter.
– View Matt Allard height, weight & body stats
– Matt Allard's biography and horoscope.
– When is Matt Allard's birthday?
– Who's the richest Novelist in the world?
Fact Check: We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us. This page is updated often with new details about Matt Allard. Bookmark this page and come back for updates.


We've spoken here before about Bradlee Dean, the violently anti-gay rocker/radio host who sued Rachel Maddow and MSNBC when Maddow played a clip on her show. The clip was Dean's voice, quite clearly claiming that it is moral to execute homosexuals. Dean sued because she didn't also report a disclaimer he'd posted essentially denying his own words.
Anyway, Junkyard Prophet, a project of Dean's anti-gay "You Can Run, But You Can't Hide" Ministries, was asked to "perform" at a public high school in Dunkerton, Iowa last week. For the past few days, we've been reading some pretty scandalous reports of the things that were said. Dean and his ministry has even gone so far as to argue that they didn't say the things that are being claimed by students and teachers that were present for the assembly.
According to Dunkerton High School teachers and administrators, the group was supposed to present on anti-drug, anti-violence, anti-bullying themes. Instead, they divided the junior and senior high school into boys, girls and teachers and proceeded to present them with images of aborted fetuses, and dying AIDS patients. Those who tried to leave were shouted down and mocked by members of the group. One student claims she was told to "sit down and shut up" by one of the group's leaders.
The group of course denies many of the accusations, but last night doubled down on their message. They claim that the average lifespan for homosexuals is 42. This comes from a widely-debunked "study" done by Paul Cameron and the anti-gay Family Research Institute in the 1990s. He based his research on reading a few obituaries each day for a few months and not any actual cumulative, statistically representative research, i.e. – he made it up.
Today, we learn that you can run, but you can't hide from students with video cameras in their phones. Please watch this clip from what was presented to public high school and junior high school students in Iowa. I can't help but wonder why not a single teacher or administrator didn't walk up on stage and end this.


text:
Карамуслия или Карамусли (срещат се и формите Кара Муслия и Кара Мусли, ) е село в Източна Тракия, Турция, Околия Бабаески, Вилает Лозенград.

География
Селото се намира на 5 километра северно от град Бабаески.

История
В 19 век Карамуслия е село в Бабаескийска кааза на Османската империя. В "Етнография на вилаетите Адрианопол, Монастир и Салоника", издадена в Константинопол в 1878 година и отразяваща статистиката на мъжкото население от 1873 селото фигурира два пъти - веднъж като Карамесутли (Karamssoutly) със 75 домакинства и 315 жители гърци и втори път като Карамасли (Caramasly) като село със 71 домакинства и 30 жители мюсюлмани и 315 българи. Според статистиката на професор Любомир Милетич в 1912 година в Карамусли живеят 91 български екзархийски семейства или 411 души смесени с турци.

При избухването на Балканската война в 1912 година един човек от Карамуслия е доброволец в Македоно-одринското опълчение.

Българското население на Карамуслия се изселва след Междусъюзническата война в 1913 година.

Личности
 Родени в Карамуслия
  Костадин Т. Чакъров (1874 – ?), македоно-одрински опълченец, 1 рота на Лозенградската партизанска дружина

Бележки

Села в околия Бабаески


The Helping Undo Barriers (HUB) Team consists of the HUB Lead and Child Protection Officer, Pastoral Manager, Wellbeing Co-ordinator, SENCO, School Councillors and SLT representatives overseeing both behaviour, safeguarding and wellbeing. The team meet regularly to discuss students' needs and make referrals both inside and outside o agencies if required. All referrals can be made through your daughters Head of Year. The HUB team also provide a number of interventions across the school year ensuring that students resilience and confidence are promoted through a well organised programme.


text:
I first sampled Angie's Authentic Malaysian Satay last summer, when I bought a jar of kaya, or Malaysian coconut jam. It's more like a coconut curd, and it's delicious. But Angie Tee Pang sells a lot more than just that, including noodle dishes you can take home or eat right away.
Malaysia is a crossroads country, with food influences from China, India, England and Malay. Pang is an ethnic Chinese Malaysian, who has lived in Cincinnati for 24 years. So she brings dishes from all over Asia, including Sichuan noodles, Malaysian rice noodles and Japanese soba. She does soups such as curry dal soup and cold salads. She likes to use produce from her fellow vendors or her own garden, so she might have a quinoa, mint and cucumber early in the season, or kale, tomato and black bean later on. She travels to farms for the fresh eggs for her kaya. In the fall, she'll have kimchee made from napa cabbage that Turner Farm grows for her. And, of course, there's her satay peanut sauce. It's a great introduction to some new tastes, with Angie as your guide. Find her at Madeira, Loveland and Montgomery.
A La Terza iced cappuccino. Especially at Hyde Park on Sunday morning, along with a pain au chocolate or an almond croissant, almost marzipan-y in its richness, from the Blue Oven stand. I like to meet up with a friend for exactly this delicious Sunday brunch, best eaten on a bench on the square. Or, get a fresh-squeezed lemonade or smoothie from the kids at Permaganic Eco-garden.
A Fireside Pizza at Wyoming Farmers market on a Tuesday evening. It's where the food truck, and the subsequent restaurant, got its start. These quick-fired pizzas are so good straight from the wood-fired oven that it's probably best to just sit down in the grass of the park and eat it right away. You can buy some fresh peas or cherry tomatoes to pop in your mouth as salad. They're also at Madeira on Thursdays.
A cold treat from Streetpops on a blazing hot day, when you're wilting faster than a head of lettuce left out of the cooler. These all-natural frozen treats come in flavors such as mango chili, Thai basil lime or hibiscus mint mojito. Find them at Wyoming, Northside, Blue Ash, Madeira, Montgomery and Hyde Park.
This Lady's Artisan Eats makes two kinds of flavor-enhanced nuts: bourbon pecans and rosemary cashews. The prudent thing to do would be to buy a bag, take it home and serve after your next dinner party, or with a cheese tray, or maybe in a salad. Or you could just rip the bag open and snack! She's at Madeira on Thursday and Fountain Square on Tuesday.
Chicago Don's sells all-beef hot dogs with all the Chicago toppings (mustard, cucumber, sport peppers, tomatoes, etc.) out of a cart at the Covington Saturday morning market and the Erlanger market on Thursdays.
At the Montgomery Market, you can pick up a variety of piroshkis from Puffins, a restaurant in Blue Ash. These are Russian turnovers, like a hand pie with savory fillings. So they're easy to eat while strolling. They also sell salads and chicken stew to take home.
The Loveland market has lots of ready-to-eat food; there's a new one called No Bull BBQ. They're serving a Tex-Mex style breakfast quesadilla, plus ribs and whiskey brined turkey, take-out style or to eat on site. Loveland also features pizzelle cookies, Carabello Coffee, Angie's Malaysian foods and caramel popcorn.
I should point out that one of the best treats at a farmers market is a fresh peach, eaten out of hand, with the juice making a mess, or a crisp apple towards the end of the season, or a handful of sweet cherry tomatoes popped in the mouth as you walk.
For a list of all the area farmers markets, check out the Things to Do page at cincinnati.com


text:
package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"time"

	"github.com/awslabs/aws-go-wordfreq-sample"
)

// parseJobMessage unmarshals the JSON job message, and constructs a worker job
// from it. Since S3 messages can include multiple records each individual job
// is added to the job channel so a worker from the worker pool can read it,
// and process the job.
func parseJobMessage(jobCh chan<- *wordfreq.Job, msg wordfreq.JobMessage, timeout int64) error {
	fmt.Println("Procesing message", msg.ID)

	s3msg := s3EventMsg{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(msg.Body), &s3msg); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("parse Amazon S3 Event message %v", err)
	}

	if len(s3msg.Records) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("job does not have any records")
	}

	for _, record := range s3msg.Records {
		jobCh <- &wordfreq.Job{
			StartedAt:         time.Now(),
			VisibilityTimeout: timeout,
			OrigMessage:       msg,
			Region:            record.Region,
			Bucket:            record.S3.Bucket.Name,
			Key:               record.S3.Object.Key,
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// A s3EventMsg represents the SQS message provided by S3 Notifications. This
// is an abbreviated form of the message since not all fields are used by this
// service.
type s3EventMsg struct {
	Event   string
	Records []struct {
		Region    string `json:"awsRegion"`
		EventName string
		S3        struct {
			Bucket struct {
				Name string
			}
			Object struct {
				Key string
			}
		}
	}
}


Quizzes.Next is an assessment engine that integrates with Canvas as an LTI tool and replaces the classic quizzes functionality currently existing in Canvas.
Instructors can use Quizzes.Next to create assessments using a variety of questions types. Quizzes.Next assessments display as assignments in the Assignments page and can be duplicated.
Students can take Quizzes.Next assessments within their Canvas courses.
Instructors can use Quizzes.Next to build assessments with several item types that measure student competency in a variety of subjects. Assessments can be modified using various assessment settings and aligned to outcomes at the assessment or question level.
Instructors can moderate student attempts and review students' answers.
Quizzes.Next includes assessment reports for admins and instructors to view student performance, including mastery of learning outcomes.
Students can access Quizzes.Next from a Canvas course to take an assessment.
Students can view their results from Quizzes.Next assessments. Assessment results include overall and individual questions scores. They may also include instructor feedback.
Next Topic:What is the Rich Content Editor?
Table of Contents > Canvas Features > What is Quizzes.Next?
Re: How to increase character limit in Question?
Re: Can you duplicate a quiz?
Quais opções de funcionalidade estão atualmente disponíveis para um curso no Canvas?


text:
Stats Perform and Beyond Sports BV Sign Multi-year Partnership
London, UK – September 16, 2020 – Stats Perform, the SportsTech leader in data and AI technology, announced today that it is entering into a multi-year partnership with Beyond Sports about the usage of its positional tracking data of the English Premier League. Stats Perform recently announced the extension of its data collection partnership with the EPL.
Beyond Sports, which has specialized in analyzing and visualizing positional tracking data in order to create virtual match simulations, plans to extend its already existing usage of that data to more broadcasters and entertainment outlets worldwide. The data allows broadcasters and fans to experience and view match content in innovative ways, gain additional insights and engage with the content itself, both live and on demand. Beyond Sports has already delivered content from the English Premier League and Dutch Eredivisie in past seasons.
"This partnership and especially the specific usage of the data is the first of its kind and we believe it offers tremendous opportunities for the next generation of football fans," said Matthieu Lille-Pallette, SVP at Stats Perform.
"We are thrilled to have partnered with Stats Perform and to have arguably the best football content on the planet to work with. We are excited to bring our technology closer to the end consumers." Sander Schouten, CEO & Co-Founder Beyond Sports BV.


Errol Salamon is a Postdoctoral Fellow (Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Société et culture) and Visiting Scholar, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania. Email: errol.salamon@asc.upenn.edu .
ABSTRACT In 1959, adult educator Alan M. Thomas outlined a pioneering concept of the active broadcast audience in Canada. Thomas affirmed that the audience's potential to be a force for two-way communication and direct democracy had been unfulfilled. Twenty years later, Thomas put this concept into practice. As president and chair of the Canadian Association for Adult Education, he developed a participatory television series with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation called People Talking Back. The six-part series was an activist experiment in democratic decision-making to facilitate social action and learning outside of formal educational institutions. This Research in Brief brings together Thomas' concept of the audience with his adult educational broadcasting scholarship and research on People Talking Back, all of which have remained relatively unrecognized by communication scholars.
RÉSUMÉ En 1959, l'éducateur d'adultes Alan M. Thomas a initié une approche pionnière envers le public des médias au Canada. Selon lui, on n'avait pas encore développé le potentiel de ce public d'être une force en communication bidirectionnelle et en démocratie directe. Vingt ans plus tard, Thomas a pu mettre son initiative en œuvre. En effet, en tant que président de la Canadian Association for Adult Education, il a créé avec la Société Radio-Canada une émission de télévision participative intitulée People Talking Back (« Les gens répondent »). Cette série activiste de six épisodes a expérimenté la prise de décision démocratique dans le but de faciliter l'apprentissage et l'action sociale de ses téléspectateurs hors du cadre d'un établissement d'enseignement formel. Cette Recherche en bref établit un lien entre la conception du public formulée par Thomas et l'étude de celui-ci relative à People Talking Back de la radiodiffusion appliquée à l'éducation des adultes. Les initiatives de Thomas ont reçu jusqu'à présent peu d'attention de la part des chercheurs en communication.
On Saturday, November 21, 1959, Alan Miller Thomas presented a paper entitled, "Audience, Market and Public: An Evaluation of Canadian Broadcasting," before the Vancouver Institute at the University of British Columbia. In his paper, subsequently published in 1960, Thomas proposed a pioneering concept of the broadcast audience in Canada. Twenty years later, he put this concept into practice. As president and chair of the Canadian Association for Adult Education (CAAE), a non-profit voluntary organization, Thomas helped launch the six-part television series called People Talking Back (PTB) in cooperation with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the country's national public broadcaster. PTB debuted on Sunday, February 4, 1979, with a special three-hour episode that introduced the subthemes of the five subsequent half-hour episodes (J.R. Kidd fonds, 1979). It provided Canadians with an opportunity to debate issues on television and participate in post-broadcast discussion groups that informed the subject matter of future episodes.
Although Thomas has long been recognized for his scholarship and activism in the field of adult education, he is a little-known figure in communication studies. A small body of communication scholarship has concisely outlined or applied Thomas' (1960) concept of the broadcast audience (e.g., Eaman, 1994; Raboy, 1990), and briefly acknowledged that PTB was a pioneering model of "participatory or interactive media" (Beattie, 1981, p. 46). However, more research is needed to comprehensively understand the opportunities and challenges in producing activist television projects such as PTB, which can be magnified by Thomas' concept of the audience. Thomas directly critiqued the assumption of some scholars that broadcast audiences are inherently passive and proposed the idea of connecting audiences to broadcasters via the telephone even before the CBC Information Radio Revolution began in 1965 (Canada, 2003, pp. 189–191).
Building on this literature, this Research in Brief introduces Thomas' concept of the audience and his commitment to adult educational television. It then assesses the concept by examining why and how the CAAE and CBC produced PTB and how the audience received this televisual "experiment in democratic decision making" (J.R. Kidd fonds, 1979). Thomas conceived of PTB to make the audience articulate and facilitate social action in what he called the "learning society": lifelong and continuous learning outside and independent of formal educational institutions (Thomas, 1963). Although PTB transcended the limits of formal educational institutions, it fell short in several respects, namely due to the centralization of the television production process and the audience's lack of influence and control in the programming. This argument is substantiated with evidence from Thomas' untapped writings, CAAE documents on PTB, and an unpublished PTB audience questionnaire.
According to Thomas (1960, 1964), broadcasting created its own social form—the audience. He explained that through legislation, the federal government's responses to various royal commissions had historically "restricted broadcasting in its freedom to participate in political events" (Thomas, 1964, p. 405). The government had adopted a one-way model of communication, basing broadcasting on the assumption that the audience was passive. The government had thus not taken seriously the possibility, afforded by broadcasting, that the audience could "participat[e] in collective decisions" and actively contribute to the "democratic process" (Thomas, 1964, p. 405).
Yet, the audience had the potential to be active and responsible. As Thomas (1964) explained, "The first step would be to assist in making the audience in Canada articulate, and relating it to the process of decision making in broadcasting" (p. 438). For Thomas (1964), "open-line" radio programming was one "device for making the audience articulate not only in terms of broadcasting matters but in terms of matters affecting the whole community" (p. 427). By phoning into a station during a broadcast, the audience could shape program content and create inter- and intra-community conversations across a nation. As Thomas (1964) put it, "The nature of the program is to a large degree in the control of the Audience, since it can be altered by a phone call …. Broadcasting is an instrument for maintaining constant two-way contact with a society" (p. 407). By linking the audience to decision-making via open-line programs, "[p]rogramming would become an explicit relationship between … a station and its audience" (Thomas, 1960, p. 23). Broadcasting could then bring us closer to "direct democracy" by fostering a "new, more active public" (p. 23) that maintains a constant two-way model of communication.
Accordingly, Thomas (1967) was interested in the enormous "instructional potential of television" (p. 59) for adult learners for two reasons. First, the medium creates "new student bodies and new learners" (p. 59). Unlike the print-based, child- and youth-centred formal educational system, television is more accessible to mature adult learners who are geographically "dispersed" (p. 54) throughout a country and cannot afford to pay for postsecondary education. Hence television can provide "modes of learning to a large 'unschooled' portion of the population" (Thomas, 1964, p. 429). Second, television offers the "key instrument for relating learning to community and social action, the context in which the great bulk of adult learning has always taken place" (Thomas, 1967, p. 59). Television would thus become Thomas' preferred medium to test his concept of the audience. An open-line television series could foster an active public by connecting the audience to decision-making in programming and linking learning to community and social action. Specifically, open-line television could create an active public by giving the audience more control over programming, and broadcasters could maintain constant, two-way contact with adult learners.
Thomas' concept of the audience informed the CAAE's plan to develop PTB, which was laid out in a motion passed by the CAAE Board on June 24, 1977 (Thomas, 1977). In the motion, the Board proposed, "THAT [sic] the Association request the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to undertake a series of Canada-wide television programs devoted to the present political crisis in Canada so that Canadians may understand and participate more effectively in its resolution" (cited in Thomas, 1977, p. 1). The CAAE had begun planning PTB in December 1976 to tackle what Thomas (1977) called a "crisis in confederation." On November 15, 1976, the Parti Québécois won the Québec provincial election and intended to hold a referendum on sovereignty. PTB was thus initially envisaged as an activist learning experiment and broadcast undertaking to address this perceived threat to Canadian unity within and beyond the province. As will be mentioned below, PTB focused on unity and an array of other issues. Thomas (1977) ultimately envisioned PTB as a grassroots activist project by "reforging an old alliance between adult education and broadcasting" institutions (p. 2).
From 1939 to 1966, the CAAE and CBC collaborated on the series called National Farm Radio Forum, Citizens' Forum, and The Sixties (Allan, 2015). These radio and television series included hosted panel discussions that invited the studio audience to participate. The broadcast audience, consisting of public interest organizations and ordinary people, was provided with supplemental printed materials about the episodes' topics and was encouraged to form post-broadcast discussion groups. Their discussions and written feedback via mail informed the content of future episodes.
Open-line radio programs also have a longer history in Canada. In May 1965, CBC English Radio launched Cross Country Checkup, beginning a long process of what was known as the Information Radio Revolution (Canada, 2003, pp. 189-191). Cross Country Checkup was Canada's first open-line or "national phone-in show, which allowed listeners to instantaneously hear the opinions of other Canadians from anywhere in the country" (Canada, 2003, p. 189). In May 1970, journalists Peter Meggs and Doug Ward recommended in the "CBC English Radio Report" that the open-line radio format be adopted across the country so that it could reach its full potential (Canada, 2003, pp. 189–190). Apart from being on television, PTB built on the Forum and Radio Revolution formats by combining the phone-in component, post-broadcast discussion groups, and participation of ordinary people and public interest groups.
In developing PTB, the CAAE and CBC relied on public input, leading them to expand the series' focus. On June 29, 1978, the CAAE Board held a general assembly in Toronto with 60 leaders from national organizations (J.R. Kidd fonds, 1979). The CAAE also appointed a project management group (PMG) to coordinate PTB and invited comments from the general public regarding the direction of the series. Chaired by Thomas, the PMG initially consisted of 15 members from across Canada. One key idea that emerged from the general assembly that the PMG addressed was the need to establish a grassroots organizational structure, linking the provincial counterparts of the interested national organizations (e.g., 4-H Clubs and the YMCA) with the CAAE's provincial counterparts.
In September 1978, Dolores Macfarlane, executive producer of PTB, consulted with various adult educational councils and public interest groups across Canada to explain the broadcaster's role in the series and generate ideas for episode content (Milnthorp, 1979). She met with 989 people in groups of between five and forty. Representatives from community colleges, universities, wheat pools, school boards, and government departments were among the groups involved in the project (J.R. Kidd fonds, 1979). As a result of these consultations, the CAAE and CBC eventually considered a wider range of issues rather than only national unity. Other issues included unemployment, the economy, politicians and the media, and the country's political future. Thousands of local discussion groups would be linked across the nation through television broadcasting to debate critical issues and share their opinions.
To encourage audience participation, four forms of feedback were incorporated into PTB: first, satellite links from production centres to community representatives in each province; second, telephone calls from discussion groups and individuals reporting three five-word "Talkback" action statements to feedback centres; third, written reports of discussions that could be mailed in; and fourth, filmed on-the-street interviews with Canadians (J.R. Kidd fonds, 1979; Milnthorp, 1979). This overall vision for PTB echoed Thomas' (1960, 1964, 1967) belief that, by building a direct relationship between the producer (the CAAE and CBC) and audience (discussion groups), television could be used as a tool to link adult learning to community and social action. This relationship was the key factor in making the audience articulate, thereby facilitating constant, two-way communication.
PTB audience reception research suggests that, although the series was an attempt at realizing an articulate audience, it fell short in several respects. Robert Nixon (1979) collected data from 128 questionnaires, representing 67 groups (totalling 481 group participants) and 61 individuals from all provinces but Alberta and Saskatchewan. He found that "the majority of participants" considered PTB "a way to learn and communicate with others about important issues, rather than learn about issues in the usual one-way mode of television" (p. 2, emphasis in original). Most participants also viewed PTB as an "idea sharing process, and not just an information receiving experience" due to the Talkback action statements and studio audience discussions (p. 3, emphasis in original). This feedback implies that PTB facilitated learning outside of formal educational institutions.
However, the PTB audience still felt that the participatory aspects of the series were limited due to discussion group disintegration and constraints in the post-broadcast discussions. Many discussion groups stopped meeting after two or three episodes because the viewing times of the broadcasts were inconvenient and group members lacked interest in the series (Nixon, 1979). About 75 percent of participants reported that the five 30-minute episodes met their expectations only partially or did not meet them at all. One major reason for their dissatisfaction was that these episodes provided "little opportunity for input from discussion groups" (p. 2). Most discussion groups did not phone in following the episodes, feeling constrained by the five-word limit of the Talkback summary. These findings imply that the audience had limited control over decision-making in the programming. Finally, almost no groups took specific on-the-ground actions as a result of their PTB discussions. In general, then, the series did not translate learning into community and social actions.
Although PTB did not inspire groups to take on-the-ground actions, it was still an activist endeavour as per Thomas' (1963) approach to "lifelong learning" because it facilitated continuous learning. According to this approach, educational research and teaching are inherently activist endeavours regardless of the setting in which they take place. Nevertheless, by developing PTB, Thomas negotiated the institutional setting in which his activist learning project was made: from formal educational institutions, typically guided by an approach to learning targeted to children and youth in primary and secondary education, to broadcasting, which was amenable to adult education. Thomas also negotiated the scale of his activist endeavour: from formal education, which was geographically and economically exclusive and restrictive, to more inclusive nationwide broadcasting. Finally, Thomas negotiated the communication tools typically used in formal and higher educational institutions: he incorporated not only print and oral communication but also broadcasting into the PTB project.
By relying on new technological advancements in television such as satellite switching, Thomas' approach seemingly offered opportunities to facilitate a constant, two-way model of communication and enable the audience to have control over the programming. Thus, PTB was a direct critique of the assumption that broadcast audiences were passive and it was a critique of formal educational institutions. However, the institutional barriers within broadcasting and non-formal learning organizations—the centralization of the production process and control of the producers—limited the audience's control over PTB programming. These constraints may explain the lack of actions taken as a result of the series.
Due to this inaction, it may not seem surprising that PTB was the final CAAE-CBC collaboration, marking the end of what Marc Raboy (1990) calls "social action broadcasting" (p. 77). The PTB finale was confirmation that the CBC had absorbed the Forum and open-line programming formats and that public interest groups would no longer be directly involved in such programming, except in advisory roles. The CBC had transformed social action broadcasting into public affairs broadcasting. Cross Country Checkup and As It Happens, which were ushered in by the Information Radio Revolution, had become exemplars of the public affairs model (Canada, 2003, pp. 189–191). In examining this model, future research could consider what lessons the CBC learned from producing PTB.
More broadly, this Research in Brief has implications for thinking about how Thomas' concept of the audience and PTB can help us better understand efforts to create a national public sphere in broadcasting. It also has practical significance for communication scholars undertaking activist endeavours. Further research and activist broadcasting initiatives must determine how the audience can have more influence in, and control over, programming, and take actions as a result of such projects. To overcome broader institutional barriers in television production, the case of PTB suggests that, as part of a continuous experiment to link learning to community and social action, open-line television must be reimagined as not merely two-way communication and learning outside of formal educational institutions but rather non-institutional learning. To foster non-institutional learning and overcome the false sense of inherent audience control within the two-way communication model, the television production process must be decentralized. The audience could then have a constant role in decision-making processes, foster a new, active public, and ultimately contribute to direct democracy.
The author wishes to thank Marc Raboy for the introduction to Alan Thomas' work and to Lisette Lacroix for her research assistance.
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