text:
Is The PlayStation 5 Worth A Look?
PlayStation 5 includes a high speed SSD for fast loading and increased immersion. Also, adaptive triggers are available and haptic feedback is provided. This system allows you to hear the sounds of the game in 3D and is compatible with Blu-ray players for the best sound experience. The games are incredible and the PlayStation 5 will help you get the most out of your favorite games. In the event you liked this informative article in addition to you want to be given more details regarding PlayStation 5 pre order i implore you to go to the site. If you're looking for a new console, the PlayStation 5 is worth a look.
The PlayStation 5 is fast compared to previous generations, and it boots up in under 20 seconds. Even better, related web-site the PlayStation 5 recovers from standby in six seconds. Its speed is great, and many users are reporting higher than average performance. This console exceeds expectations. It offers a wealth of new features and functions, and is sure to be a hit with gamers. The new PlayStation may not be right for you if you are a serious gamer.
One of the best features of the PlayStation 5 is its new ability to play new games. The console's better graphics and performance make the device an excellent gaming machine. Many games are not available on other platforms, but they are available on the PlayStation 5. The PlayStation Store will allow you to download or purchase games. Regardless of whether you want to play new games or just catch up on a favorite series, you're sure to find a game you love.
The PlayStation 5 isn't just a great console; it's an extraordinary gaming experience. It has been a hit with gamers, and has already surpassed their expectations. It's easy to use the console thanks to its intuitive controls. The PlayStation 5 will be a wonderful console, and gamers will have much to look forward. A free trial game is available for the PlayStation 5. What are you waiting?
The PlayStation 5's graphics engine is top-notch. It can play high-end video games. Unlike other consoles, the PlayStation 5 has a much wider library than the PS4. It has a large games library that is compatible with PS4. This console is amazing and will inspire you to play more. This machine will be a great choice for gamers. It is a powerful, versatile gaming console.
You can play 4K resolution movies and games on the PlayStation 5's disc drive. This will enable you to view movies and videos at 4K resolution. Blu-ray titles are compatible with the PS5 as well. The disc drive makes the PS5 cheaper than its competitors. It's a significant upgrade over the Xbox One or the PS4. Although there are many benefits and features to the PlayStation 5, it is best to purchase the digital version.
The PlayStation 5 is an impressive gaming machine that focuses on immersive gameplay. Its graphics, framerates, and audio have already exceeded the expectations of fans. The PlayStation 5 already has many fans and is a powerful gaming device. It's possible to play more than games with the new features. Many gamers appreciate its reliability and quality life. The PlayStation 5 looks futuristic, related web-site which will be a great way to stand out from the crowd.
The PlayStation 5 has a new user interface, and it features more features than its predecessors. The PlayStation 5 displays 4K resolutions at 120 frames/second and supports hardware-accelerated, 3D audio effects. Dual-sensor controllers are compatible with both the PlayStation 4 (backwards compatible) and the PlayStation VR (forwards compatible). You can also watch movies and other media on the PlayStation 5. The new console's HDTV features include a high-resolution screen and an HDMI port.
The PlayStation 5 gaming console is great. Its interface has been compared with the PlayStation 4, which is very similar in design to the iPhone. The game's immersion, framerates and audio quality have been improved by its features. It is now easier to find games thanks to the new system. Every PlayStation 5 player needs a large number of new games. The game selection is vast and the selection is vast. It is a great way for friends to get together, and it's an excellent option for anyone looking for an inexpensive new console.
For those who have almost any issues relating to in which as well as the way to employ PlayStation 5 price, you can e-mail us at our site.


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Construction & Work Injuries
Construction Accidents Overview
Cutting Torch Injuries
Debris Covered Passageway / Walkway
Falls From a Height/Roof
Jobsite Amputations & Crushing-of-Limb Injuries
Jobsite Explosion Injuries
Pneumatic Tools & Jackhammer Injuries
Truss Collapse Injuries
Unsafe Construction Equipment
Firefighter Injuries
UFA General Counsel
Firefighter Injury: What to Do
Anesthesia Malpractice
Emergency Room Malpractice
Failure to Diagnose Heart Disease
Failure to Diagnose a Postoperative Infection
Failure to Diagnose a Stroke
Failure to Prevent Blood Clots / Pulmonary Embolism
Misread of Mammogram
Misread of Sonograms
DUI Truck Driver Accidents
Left-Hand / Right-Hand Turn Accidents
Municipal Vehicles Accidents
Roadway Design Defects
Train and Subway Accidents
Personal Injury / General Negligence
Fire Accidents And Explosions
Mass Disasters
Municipal Liability
9/11 Related Injuries
9/11 Related Illness Overview
Premises Liability Overview
Elevator Accidents
Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents
Vehicle Defect
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Tasigna
Dangerous Medical Devices
Defective Hip Replacements
Essure
Allergan Breast Implants
New York City Uloric Lawsuit Attorney
Uloric is a prescription medication for treating gout. It works by lowering the amount of uric acid in the patient's bloodstream, helping to decrease uric-acid related arthritis. Too much uric acid can leave deposits in the joints, causing a unique type of arthritis called gout. Gout can be a very painful and debilitating condition. Unfortunately, Uloric may contain dangerous defects that could put patients in jeopardy. If you have experienced adverse outcomes after taking Uloric, contact our New York City Uloric lawsuit attorneys for a free legal evaluation. You may be eligible for compensation.
Our firm has a history of success, with a long list of case results that prove our capabilities. We have secured over $2 billion in compensation for clients in the past 10 years.
Our firm has the resources and experience to accept even the most complicated product liability cases. We have successfully resolved many high-profile personal injury cases, including the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center.
Our firm handles all cases on a contingency fee basis. We can represent your Uloric injury lawsuit at no charge upfront. You will only pay attorney's fees if we secure you financial compensation.
Do You Need a New York City Uloric Lawsuit Attorney?
Going up against a drug manufacturer during an Uloric lawsuit can set you up for failure if you do not have an attorney representing your best interests. Insurance companies often try to take advantage of claimants by offering them less than the true values of their claims – or offering no settlement at all. A lawyer will make sure an insurance companies treats your claim fairly. A lawyer will also give you the power to take the defendant to court, if necessary.
What Are the Dangers of Taking Uloric?
Uloric has had deadly side effects for some patients, which prompted the FDA to order the drug's manufacturer Takeda Pharmaceuticals to perform a large post-market study on the medication after its 2009 approval. Known as the CARES trial, the study involved 6,000 people who were either taking Uloric or its competitor, allopurinol. The purpose of the trial was to assess the potential health risks related to Uloric.
After preliminary CARES trial results were sent to the FDA, an immediate drug safety notice regarding Uloric was issued in November of 2017. The drug safety communication stated that Uloric caused increased rates of heart-related problems and fatalities, according to the preliminary study results.
A comprehensive review of the clinical study results began in August 2018, which led to the FDA issuing a Black Box Warning for Uloric in 2019– the most serious type of safety warning for medications. During their assessment, the FDA found evidence that Uloric increased the risk of death in patients compared to allopurinol, the other most commonly prescribed drug to treat gout.
Patients taking Uloric have complained of severe side effects such as chest pain, trouble breathing, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, slurred speech, severe headaches, and numbness or weakness in one side of the body. Reports have connected Uloric with serious patients outcomes such as heart attack, stroke, and death.
The FDA concluded the following based on the CARES trial:
15 patients died from a heart-related complication, for every 1,000 patients treated with Uloric for one year; and
26 died from other non-heart-related causes, for every 1,000 patients treated with Uloric for one year.
In addition to the FDA's efforts to ensure the medication contains a label explicitly warning patients regarding potential health risks, Uloric's consumption is also being limited. Patients are now only prescribed Uloric after an alternative medication has been taken and it has either failed to yield positive results or it has generated negative side effects.
Whistleblower Lawsuit Against Takeda Pharmaceuticals
A former safety consultant for Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Dr. Helen Ge, filed a whistleblower lawsuit against the Uloric manufacturer in 2010. The lawsuit was filled with allegations that Takeda had violated the False Claims Act (FCA) by failing to comply with certain U.S. Food and Drug Administration labeling and adverse event reporting requirements.
Specifically, the suit claimed that:
Takeda did not report information regarding Uloric's possible serious side effects, such as liver problems, kidney damage, and bone marrow failure.
The company failed in their duty to warn consumers of known dangerous and possibly fatal drug interactions.
Documents sent to the FDA were altered in order to make the cardiac side effects of the drug appear to be less severe than in reality.
Takeda made fraudulent claims for government reimbursement for Uloric under government health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. This was based on the fact that Uloric costs 5 dollars per day, whereas the alternative medication allopurinol costs only 10 cents per day.
Due to procedural flaws in the complaint, the lawsuit was eventually dismissed. However, there are currently thousands of people across the U.S. that are reporting the use of Uloric either contributed to or caused them injury. Takeda will most likely be facing hundreds, if not thousands of Uloric lawsuits over the next few years.
What to Do About Serious Uloric Side Effects
Serious Uloric side effects can present themselves in various forms. Seek medical care at the first sign of exhibiting any of the following symptoms:
Pain in chest.
Shortness of breath or difficulty in catching your breath.
Abnormal heartbeat or rapid pulse.
Weakness or numbness on one side of the body or facial drooping.
Difficulty forming words and sentences or slurred speech.
Dizziness and loss of balance.
Sudden onset of a severe headache.
If you or someone you love has experienced dangerous side effects after taking Uloric, contact a New York City Uloric lawsuit attorney as soon as possible. Gather all information and documentation related to your side effects, such as medical records and bills. The manufacturer of Uloric, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, could be liable for your damages.
A successful Uloric lawsuit could provide the compensation you and your family need to move forward after suffering major health complications from Uloric. A claim against drug manufacturer could provide justice, closure, and future financial stability. Discuss your potential right to a claim today with our NYC personal injury lawyers. Call (212) 732-9000 or request a consultation online.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Of the 6.1 million smokers in England, six in 10 want to quit. Most try to give up using willpower alone – 'going cold turkey', but this is actually the least effective method.
Quitting smoking is the single best thing you can do for your health - the benefits go far beyond your lungs and your wallet. But that doesn't make it easy. Of the 6.1 million smokers in England, six in 10 want to quit. Many try to give up using willpower alone, 'going cold turkey', but this is actually the least effective method.
The best way to quit smoking for good is with expert help from your local stop smoking service, together with aids such as e-cigarettes or nicotine replacement in patch, gum, mouth spray or inhalator form.
Stop smoking services are free, friendly and can hugely increase your chances of stubbing out the habit for good. They're staffed by expert advisors who are there to help you find the right way to quit. You'll likely be offered a one-to-one appointment with an adviser, but group and drop-in services may be available too. Many people find sharing their quitting experience with others is hugely helpful.
A stop smoking advisor can give you accurate information and advice, and well as professional support for the first few months of your quitting journey.
They'll aso work with you to decide whether you would benefit from stop smoking treatments, and if so which would work best for you. They may be able to offer tablets such as varenicline or bupropion on the NHS, or affordable stop smoking treatments nicotine replacement therapy.


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Melodic Releases
Symphonic Releases
Metal Releases
Belgium bands
Belgian Band photos
Swedish melodic hard rock act "Black Rose" announce release for their new album in april.
Posted by Gino | Melodic Releases |
Black Rose – A light in the dark
Label: Sliptrick records
The brand new album from Swedish melodic hard rock band "Black Rose" is called "A Light In The Dark" and contains 10 songs in the melodic hard rock / metal vein.
It features the trademark sound of the group, built around recognizable distinctive riffs and catchy and powerful choruses.
In fact, Black Rose have taken these calling cards and made them even more prominent on this release.
The album covers a wide range of styles from song to song, from fast, hard driving tracks to mid-paced and heavier entries.
As with past releases, the Black Rose style of music has always stayed strong and constant, even though different music-trends have come and gone since the band began.
A Light In The Dark shows the band in control and at the top of their game, 10 classic hard rock tracks delivered with an 80's inspired metal sound.
Watch the video for the track "We come alive" here !
01. Sands Of Time
02. Hear The Call
03. Carry On
04. We Come Alive
05. A Light In The Dark
06. Web Of Lies
07. Ain't Over 'til It's Over
08. Powerthrone
09. Don't Fear The Fire
10. Love Into Hate
PreviousSymphonic metal band "Inner Core" from Germany announce release of their debut album in april.
NextUS based power metal band "Millennial Reign" announce release of their new album in may.
My name is Gino (I'm from Belgium) and I 'm the founder of Rock-files-promo.be , a new website to promote new bands , unsigned bands , non-euro distributed and lots more ! I've always been very passionate for rock music in general so I desided to start my personal website but different from what you see all over the web ! This site is non profit (donations are accepted) and all about my favorite music. Almost all cd's here are in my private collection (or will be asap) ! When I started this website in september 2016 I wasn't planning on doing reviews because I believe that's someone's personal opinion...but as you'll see I already changed my mind about this because the requests keep coming from bands & labels. Interviews are also possible ! Most of the promotion here are bands that I know personaly in one way or another...and from the labels that I have partnership with. I choose to specialize in small independant releases or releases that are hardly distributed over here ! Countrys like Brazil,Mexico,Russia,..... I work very hard to bring to you the best music news and more. I'm not just another site posting standard releases in a row, I take the time to select the best and newest bands. All this is big time-consuming, alongside to write a proper review and prepare all the material. So if you like what I'm doing here maybe you can help me with a donation through paypal.
New project "Eisly/Goldy" announce release of their debut album in december.
Rio De Janeiro based hard rock band "Pleasure Maker" announce release of their 3rd album !
International melodic hard rock band "InVicious" announce release of their debut album on march !
New melodic rock project "Rain or Shine" from greece announce release of their debut album in april.
Upcoming events !
Events next month !
Rock files promo facebook page
Tweet to @AorfileGino
More than helmrock
Tune in every Sunday from 8 to 10 p.m. Hear the best Melodic Rock, AOR, Classic Rock, Heavy Rock and Metal, Prog, Sympho and more Presented by Cor Koolen. Tune In via www.omroephelmond.nl or via 107.2 fm en 94.4 kabel...
ImageSport Rocks !
Tune in every thursday evening from 8 to 10 pm for "Sport Rocks Live" and rock with John van Luijk & Bruno Willems . Metal up!!
Hardrock hell radio
Michael Porcaro Memorial Fund.


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Q: Marker and Overlay not displayed at the same place I use the branflake2267 google maps API for GWT (https://github.com/branflake2267/GWT-Maps-V3-Api).
I would like to display a title below a marker.
My location:
    final LatLng latlng = LatLng.newInstance(47.4125, -0.861944);

The icon marker (it is the correct location on the map)
    MarkerImage icon = MarkerImage.newInstance("/images/maps/pin_workshop.png", Size.newInstance(21, 34), Point.newInstance(0, 0), Point.newInstance(10, 34));
    MarkerImage shadow = MarkerImage.newInstance("/images/maps/shadow.png", Size.newInstance(40, 37), Point.newInstance(0, 0), Point.newInstance(12, 35));

    MarkerOptions options = MarkerOptions.newInstance();
    options.setPosition(latlng);
    options.setMap(map);
    options.setTitle("Factory");
    options.setIcon(icon);
    options.setShadow(shadow);

    Marker marker = Marker.newInstance(options);

The overlay with the title (Incorrect position in the map...):
    final DivElement div = Document.get().createDivElement();

    OverlayView.newInstance(map, new OverlayViewOnDrawHandler() {
        @Override
        public void onDraw(OverlayViewMethods methods) {
            Point position = methods.getProjection().fromLatLngToDivPixel(latlng);

            div.getStyle().setPosition(Position.ABSOLUTE);
            div.getStyle().setLeft(position.getX(), Unit.PX);
            div.getStyle().setRight(position.getY(), Unit.PX);

            div.setInnerText("Factory");
        }
    },

    new OverlayViewOnAddHandler() {
        @Override
        public void onAdd(OverlayViewMethods methods) {
            methods.getPanes().getOverlayLayer().appendChild(div);
        }
    },

    new OverlayViewOnRemoveHandler() {
        @Override
        public void onRemove(OverlayViewMethods methods) {
            div.removeFromParent();
        }
    });

I try different version of the library (3.09 build 17, 3.10.0-alpha-6), and also different panes (getMapPane(), getFloatPane()) without success...

A: Ok, just using setLeft and setRight instead of setLeft and setTop...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rotherham United 'unlikely' to sign striker Georgie Kelly says Paul Warne
SportCricket
Clock ticking on Bresnan's recovery after elbow operation
Yorkshire's Tim Bresnan faces a race against time to be fit for England's enthralling summer of Test cricket.
By Nick Westby
Friday, 15th February 2013, 8:15 am
Tim Bresnan
The 27-year-old seam bowler will be out for six to eight weeks after flying to the United States to undergo surgery on a troublesome elbow injury.
The England and Wales Cricket Board, along with Test captain Alastair Cook and Bresnan, decided that now was the best time to get the niggling injury dealt with ahead of a summer that includes an Ashes series with Australia.
The timescale for the rehabilitation means that although he misses the current tour to New Zealand, he should be back for the series with the Black Caps on home soil from May 16. Should he require more time, the ICC Champions Trophy gets under way on June 6 with the Ashes commencing on July 10.
Bresnan has been troubled by his right elbow for some time and first had it operated on in late 2011. He struggled for form in 2012, finishing the year with two wicketless Tests in India following a lean series against South Africa.
An ECB statement read: "England and Yorkshire bowler Tim Bresnan has undergone an uncomplicated operation on his right elbow to remove extra bone and scar tissue.
"Bresnan will now commence a six to eight week rehabilitation and back to bowling programme before returning to competitive cricket early in the summer."
Yorkshire have allowed seam bowler Oliver Hannon-Dalby to join county champions Warwickshire from March 1.
The 23-year-old Halifax-born seamer made 24 first-class appearances for Yorkshire, with whom he signed a professional contract in 2008.
He took 43 wickets at 45.06, with two five-wicket hauls, but has spent time training with Warwickshire this close season.
Yorkshire's director of cricket Martyn Moxon said: "As opportunities for Oliver to play first XI cricket at Yorkshire this season are likely to be limited, and given the fact that he is entering the final year of his contract, it was agreed that we would allow him to explore potential options elsewhere.
"With that in mind, he has spent the last few weeks training at Warwickshire and although I have some sadness that Oliver is leaving us, I am delighted that he is being given an opportunity to further his career.
"He has been a pleasure to work with and I would like to thank him for his contribution to the club. I wish him every success in the future."


text:
Q: In flatpak manifest, how to install file only if it exists? I'm writing a small Gnome builder application and I want to add .env file to the build, but I want this file to be optional.
Right now my flatpak manifest looks like this. It works if the .env file is present, but fails if .env is not there:
{
        "name" : "my-app",
        "builddir" : true,
        "buildsystem" : "meson",
        "build-commands" : [
            "install -D .env /app/share/my-app/my_app/.env"
        ],
        "sources" : [
         {
        "type" : "file",
        "path" : ".env"
         },
            {
                "type" : "git",
                "url" : "file:///home/user/Projects/my-app"
            }
        ]
}

I tried changing build-commands to check for file like this, but that causes the build to fail:
...
"build-commands" : [
    "test -f .env && install -D .env /app/share/my-app/my_app/.env"
]
...

How can I include the file only if it is present?


text:
package io.github.jonestimd.finance.operations;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import io.github.jonestimd.cache.Cacheable;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.dao.AccountDao;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.dao.CompanyDao;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.domain.account.Account;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.domain.account.AccountSummary;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.domain.account.Company;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.domain.event.AccountEvent;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.domain.event.CompanyEvent;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.domain.event.DomainEvent;
import io.github.jonestimd.finance.swing.event.EventType;
import io.github.jonestimd.util.Streams;

public class AccountOperationsImpl implements AccountOperations {
    public static final String EVENT_SOURCE = "AccountOperations";
    private static final Collector<Company, ?, Map<String, Company>> COMPANY_BY_NAME =
            Collectors.toMap(Company::getName, Function.identity(), (c1, c2) -> c1);
    private CompanyDao companyDao;
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public AccountOperationsImpl(CompanyDao companyDao, AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.companyDao = companyDao;
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    public List<Account> getAllAccounts() {
        List<Account> accounts = accountDao.getAll();
        Collections.sort(accounts);
        return accounts;
    }

    public List<AccountSummary> getAccountSummaries() {
        return accountDao.getAccountSummaries();
    }

    public List<Company> getAllCompanies() {
        return companyDao.getAll(Company.ACCOUNTS);
    }

    public Company save(Company company) {
        return companyDao.save(company);
    }

    public <T extends Iterable<Company>> T saveCompanies(T companies) {
        return companyDao.saveAll(companies);
    }

    public void deleteCompanies(Collection<Company> companies) {
        accountDao.removeAccountsFromCompanies(companies);
        companyDao.deleteAll(companies);
    }

    public Account getAccount(long id) {
        return accountDao.get(id);
    }

    @Cacheable
    public Account getAccount(Company company, String name) {
        return accountDao.getAccount(company, name);
    }

    public Account save(Account account) {
        if (account.getCompany() != null && account.getCompany().getId() == null) {
            companyDao.save(account.getCompany());
        }
        return accountDao.save(account);
    }

    public <T extends Iterable<Account>> List<DomainEvent<?, ?>> saveAll(T accounts) {
        List<DomainEvent<?, ?>> events = saveNewCompanies(accounts);
        List<Account> newAccounts = Streams.filter(accounts, Account::isNew);
        accountDao.saveAll(accounts);
        List<Account> changedAccounts = Streams.toList(accounts);
        if (! newAccounts.isEmpty()) {
            events.add(new AccountEvent(EVENT_SOURCE, EventType.ADDED, newAccounts));
            changedAccounts.removeAll(newAccounts);
        }
        events.add(new AccountEvent(EVENT_SOURCE, EventType.CHANGED, changedAccounts));
        return events;
    }

    private <T extends Iterable<Account>> List<DomainEvent<?, ?>> saveNewCompanies(T accounts) {
        List<DomainEvent<?, ?>> events = new ArrayList<>();
        Collection<Company> companies = consolidateNewCompanies(accounts);
        if (! companies.isEmpty()) {
            companyDao.saveAll(companies);
            events.add(new CompanyEvent(EVENT_SOURCE, EventType.ADDED, companies));
        }
        return events;
    }

    private <T extends Iterable<Account>> Collection<Company> consolidateNewCompanies(T accounts) {
        Map<String, Company> companyMap = Account.getNewCompanies(accounts).collect(COMPANY_BY_NAME);
        accounts.forEach(account -> {
            Company company = account.getCompany();
            if (company != null && company.isNew()) account.setCompany(companyMap.get(company.getName()));
        });
        return companyMap.values();
    }

    @Override
    public <T extends Iterable<Account>> void deleteAll(T accounts) {
        accountDao.deleteAll(accounts);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Free Press from USA
Pennsylvania Game Commission fines man for trying to help ailing deer
free press 17.01.2019 comments off
Jasmine Vaughn-Hall
York Daily Record
Published 8:00 PM EST Jan 16, 2019
YORK, Pa. – An effort fueled by good intentions to save a deer this weekend has taken an unpleasant turn for a Pennsylvania man.
John Stoll Jr. was leaving his house near a lake at Gifford Pinchot State Park in York County on Saturday when a friend told him that several deer had fallen through the ice. They were stuck in frigid water.
By the time Stoll got there, a few of the deer had made it across the lake, near a bridge.
The 54-year-old helped lead at least three deer back onto the bank.
The deer were reportedly stuck in the water for hours, according to the Pennsylvania Game Commission.
Stoll said there was another deer on the other side of the lake.
The buck was being pulled onto the bank by rescuers and the fire department when Stoll arrived. It was trembling and cold. Stoll said he couldn't stand to see the deer suffering and offered to take the buck home.
"Nobody said I couldn't take it," Stoll said.
He got help loading the buck into his work truck and hightailed it back to the garage at his home to try and keep the buck warm.
In a thread of Facebook videos, Stoll and his stepson are seen aiding the buck by trying to keep it warm with blankets and gently petting it to calm its nerves.
Many people on Facebook were rooting for the buck's recovery and asked to be updated on its status.
The buck seemed to be getting better, but it took a turn for the worse and died in the early hours of Sunday morning. Stoll buried it.
"We were so devastated that he didn't make it," Stoll said.
That wasn't all of the bad news Stoll would have to face, though. On Monday afternoon, a Game Commission warden told him that he would be fined for taking and keeping the deer in his garage.
Stoll said Wildlife Resource Officer Tim Wenrich told him he should have left the deer where it was until the Game Commission could assess the buck during Saturday's rescue and decide whether they'd leave the deer on its own or euthanize it.
"I would have definitely preferred that the deer been left in (its initial) place," Wenrich said.
According to the PA Game Commission's website," Wildlife taken alive may not be retained alive, sold or given away. Live wildlife may be relocated to a natural setting."
Stoll said he was told that there are two fines he could get and one could be up to $800.
Stoll's frustrations stem mostly from the delay in being reprimanded for something he didn't think was wrong.
"If they didn't want me to take that deer, why didn't they come to my house right as soon as I got home (Saturday)?" Stoll said.
Stoll said he had no intention of keeping the deer and planned to let the buck out of his garage once it was back to good health.
Stoll plans to fight the fine, which he expects to get in the mail.
"I just wanted to do something good for a deer," Stoll said.
He said there is apparently an online fundraiser to help him offset the costs of the fine and court fees. Stoll doesn't mind being helped, but he plans to donate at least some of the money back to an organization that helps animals.
More: Teacher who fed puppy to snapping turtle not guilty of animal cruelty charge
Overtime Pay Eligibility Is Widened in New Federal Rule
UN speech lets White House focus on Iran, not Ukraine
How Buffalo Bills could pull off stunning upset of Patriots
Is There an Art Bubble? Yes, and Greta Thunberg Went Inside It Yesterday to Raise Awareness About Climate Change
Orlando police officer fired for arresting 2 children on misdemeanors
© 2021 Free Press from USA


Their knowledge about interactive education is long and thorough, and as a client it has been a pleasure working with them. As a result we have an efficient training system for our students and employees, which we are excited to implement.
Chiron Media has built a training course in Open Office that is custom built to our needs. They did a thorough job in producing a product that can be used by students as well as the staff.
With this interactive training course one can work independently in a simple and intuitive way. With the rapid development in the software (Open Office) it is a challenge to keep the teaching materials up to date.
Chiron Media has focus on keeping the program updated at all times.
My favorite part of working with Chiron Media was the flexible and personal working arrangements. This became evident, for example, in how meetings were arranged and in how the partners were included in the process. Trust and respect were present at all times. It was also important to me that they used top ranking experts in any given field, that weren't just interested in getting the job done quickly. Equally important was the fact that they kept their promises throughout the process.
In any partnership and project there will be halts and crisis, but for the first time in my life I experienced that this did not lead to the project being put aside or neglected. Instead the team looked for solutions without blaming anyone for the situation.
This is how I will remember my cooperation with Chiron Media – lots of devotion and commitment, responsibility for one's actions and dedication to reaching optimal results. To all new partners – Do not get discouraged by the bohemian-intellectual style of Chiron Media. Underneath the surface they are thorough and exact, and at some point all the pieces will fall into place – with great precision.
Advantec has enjoyed working with Chiron Media very much. We needed a good presentation of our company and products, and our expectations were fully met. We are very satisfied with the product as well as with the working process and the cooperation with Chiron Media. We know that we can trust Chiron Media's expertise and creativity any time.
The creative team at Chiron Media plays a vital part in ensuring that the Estonian language learning environment "Keeleklikk" is as good as, if not better than, similar language programs developed elsewhere in the world. This team, led by Asko, is focused on delivering the best results possible. They have an active and curious spirit. They do not settle for "good enough", but strive for the optimal solutions that time and resources can provide.
From the cooperation with Chiron Media I would like to point out their broad knowledge in the field, their ability to plan and manage large projects in a way that caters to the needs of the people involved. They manage to create and maintain an inspiring and creative environment that does not disintegrate in difficult situations. If you want to carry out a project along with a constructive company that exudes positivity, Chiron Media is definitely a very good choice.
We worked on a fabulous project together. We needed to publish an innovative language teaching program for children who have arrived in Estonia from abroad. I was most impressed by project manager Askos responsiveness and flexibility when offering solutions if we had to change something along the way. Since the financing came from EU funding, the enthusiasm was shadowed by bureaucracy, which took a great deal of energy. In Asko, I saw for the first time the capacity to handle this as a positive challenge and I never heard the usual complaining about the complexity of the paperwork.
We learned a lot from each other during this project. As a project manager I got useful hints about how to arrange my work more economically.
I was pleasantly surprised about CM orientation on win-win solutions, wherever we compared our goals and interests.
Chiron Media are sponsoring Manger Musikklag, the winner of the European Brass Band Championship 2011. After winning the Norwegian Brass Band Championship in 2010 they qualified for the Euopean chanpionship that was held in Montreaux, Switzerland. On April 29th to 30th Manger Musikklag competed for the European title along with the top 10 brass bands in Europe. They scored four points more than the previous winners, Cory Orchestra from Wales, who came in second this time. This was the first time since 1989 that a Norwegian brass band won the title, and Manger Musikklag took home three trophies and a 10.000 € prize.
What I remember best is the well-organized communication and collaboration. It was a new experience for me to work with shared documents online – this is something I will be using in my work too. Digital learning has come to stay, so if I ever need more e-learning, I remember working with Chiron Media.


This statistic presents the average annual water bill from utilities services in the United States as of 2015, broken down by region and ownership. On average, consumers of public water utilities in the West paid an average annual water bill of 356 U.S. dollars, while private utility consumers paid 433 U.S. dollars. About 90 percent of the U.S. population receives water services from publicly owned entities.
* Based on households using 60,000 gallons per year based on the 500 largest community water systems.
Statistics on "Water supply and consumption in Italy"
Have you made investments throughout 2017?


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Legal rulings halt Arkansas 'assembly line' executions
What critics branded an 'assembly line of executions' by the US state of Arkansas has been put on hold after separate court rulings.
The plan was to put to death seven inmates by lethal injection over an 11 day period from Monday.
But now one of them, Bruce Ward, 60, has been granted an emergency stay of execution by the Arkansas Supreme Court. His lawyers argued that he was schizophrenic, saying that this should be taken into consideration.
Less than two hours later, the executions of the six other convicted murderers were put on hold when an Arkansas circuit judge issued a temporary restraining order.
It barred the state from administering one of three drugs it planned to use in the deadly cocktail.
The eleventh-hour reprieve marks a victory, for now, for death penalty opponents who had gathered outside the Arkansas statehouse on Saturday.
Among them was film star Johnny Depp, accompanied by former death-row inmate Damien Echols.
Johnny Depp is speaking as a friend of Damien Echols pic.twitter.com/vDqviqnBGM
— Erika Ferrando THV11 (@ErikaFerrandoTV) 14 avril 2017
Arkansas hasn't put anyone to death for over a decade. The European Union has urged it to commute the death sentences.
But Republican Arkansas Governor Asa Hutchinson had wanted to proceed swiftly with the executions as one of the chemicals in the difficult-to-obtain lethal injection, the sedative midazolam, expires at the end of April.
with Reuters
Trump administration oversees unprecedented number of executions
Lockerbie: US plans new charges in 1988 airline bombing
COVID-19Covid VaccineCoronavirus vaccineFrancepandemicDonald TrumpUnited KingdomEuropean UnionKim Jong-unNorth Korea


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using QuestionAndAnswer.Models.Entities;
using Repository.Pattern.Ef6;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace QuestionAndAnswer.Models
{
    public class QAContext : DataContext
    {
        public QAContext()
            : base("DefaultConnection")
        {
        }

        public DbSet<Question> Questions { get; set; }

        public DbSet<Answer> Answers { get; set; }
    }
}


Windows XP is a one of the best and most usable Operating System launched by Microsoft on August 24, Windows XP Dark Edition V7 Rebirth Refix Theme. 29 Oct The result is an aesthetic black skin named "Royale Noir", it even works with Office Extract files to "C:\windows\resources\themes\royale noir"; Double click on "drowneddesigns.comes"; Select . October 31, at am. Download Windows XP Themes. Windows 10 Theme for XP, Vista, 7, and 8 - Red; -White; -Yellow; -Transparent (White Icons); -Transparent (Black Icons). Download Free Windows XP - XP Visual Styles - XP WindowBlinds Themes.
Its also a Windows XP port of my "Vista Black Theme for Windows Vista". This theme will provide Windows Vista look-like black interface in Windows XP as. 1 Jul 25 beautiful Windows Vista themes (For Windows Vista users) 32 gorgeous and unique SlanXP - Another dark theme for Windows XP. 1 Jun I've received a number of emails asking where we got the sweet black theme for Windows XP in most of the screenshots. It's the Zune theme.
Get a fresh new design for Windows XP themes with AVG Styler. Clicking on " Download" downloads the visual styles for Windows XP you can Black Gold. 48 Windows XP Custom Desktop Theme Packs This guide is part of the Windows Desktop Theme Customization Series. If you want to learn how to install Themes in your version of Windows or want to locate some SevenVG Black Mod 1. 20 Sep If you are bored with Windows XP Luna theme (Blue/Silver/Olive), here is a nice looking theme available for download. Actually it is meant for. February 28, AM. Comments · Royale Theme For Tried of the boring old Windows XP theme? Update: Black Royale Theme Now Available. 9 Nov November 9, Developer: Microsoft. License: Freeware. OS: Windows XP. File size: KB. Downloads: 45, User rating: 74 votes.
7 Dec black themes for windows 7 32 bit free-jejumag's blog. KB | For Windows 7, Windows 8 (bit, bit) / Vista / XP (Free). 21 Beautiful Windows 7 Skins to Download . October 29, at pm If you're having. November 5, AM. 64 Comments · Windows XP Zune Theme. Are you a sick of the current Windows XP theme? of the Royale Theme, which we mentioned earlier this year, except that it is a glossy black theme instead of blue. 25 Jan There are several themes available, I will use the SevenVG Black RTM theme, with the Windows 7 superbar. Alternatively, you can go for. Windows XP visual styles are customizations of the graphical user interface of Windows XP. "Luna", "Royale", "Zune", and "Embedded" are codenames of the official visual styles designed for Windows XP by Microsoft. Since Windows XP, themes include the choice of visual styles as well. Royale Noir has a black Start button, which changes to green when the.
1 Apr To install the Windows Vista theme on Windows XP, follow the must first download a theme, please download and install the Theme XP Dark. hi, i would like to have a black taskbar in xp without having to install a theme. is it possible to Join Date: Sep Posts: Try looking for Royal Noir its an unoffical Microsoft theme so you wont need to install any addons. Archived from groups: drowneddesigns.comize (http://www. drowneddesigns.com)Dear all,I 2 answers Last reply Oct 17, You dont only whant the theme to be black and white. The current version of the software is XP theme and was updated on 10/30/ Since we added this software to our catalog in , it has managed to achieve.


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Baxter Black, DVM: The Supersalesman
Slicker'n deer guts on a doorstep!
Smooth as a filly's nose!
Got my cattle DNA data report … now what?
John Paterson
Progressive Cattleman
You just got your DNA data back from the lab and now you're wondering: How do I effectively use the report? As a commercial producer, the main use of the information is to identify the best heifers and place selection pressure on the traits of fertility, stayability and calving ease.
Value of bull to commercial herd exceeds 'relative' value
Texas AgriLife
"In publications referencing cattle values for commercial producers as well as reports from beef breed associations, the value of a bull is often given as equivalent to the average value of five weaned calves," said Dr. Joe Paschal, AgriLife Extension livestock specialist, Corpus Christi. "This has been a long-held comparison for determining the value of a bull, but it really doesn't take into account all aspects of what bulls provide to the herd."
Cow demands more than fall pastures can provide
Melissa Bravo
Progressive Forage
We've all had one in our herd now and again; I call mine Big Bertha. She's not the boss cow. That's because she's just too big and too slow to be bothered with defending her territory to be first in line to the barn. The largest matriarch in the herd, she's got a 7 body condition score any day of the week.
The 4 R's of Feeding the Cow Herd
Al Gahler
Ohio Beef Cattle Letter
The end of the growing season is near, and for cattle producers in Ohio, that means the beginning of the season that challenges the profitability of a cow/calf operation more than any other aspect. That's right, feeding a cow through the winter is the number one cost of production, and the days of $2.50 and higher feeder calves that made it pretty easy to pay the winter feed bill are a fond but distant memory.
Drought pushes early calf sales in western ND
Jenny Schlecht
The crew at Stockmen's Livestock Exchange tossed out bags of sawdust after the first few groups of calves went through the ring at the Stockmen's West barn. There was no point in spreading the sawdust around — there would be plenty of hooves to do that.
8 tips from an old-timer on how to succeed in ranching
Jolyn Young
It's a fight he'll likely never win. But with an extensive prescribed burn, herbicide and grubbing program, Andrew Bivins hopes to eventually mimic Mother Nature in minimizing forage loss caused by the pasture predators of brush and weeds.


Computed tomography (CT) has been a valuable NDT method for decades. Because of its long cycle times for data acquisition and analysis, traditionally it has not seen widespread use in manufacturing environments. It is used in the aerospace industry in a single slice mode to evaluate the severity of indications seen with other NDT methods such as radiography or ultrasound. It has been applied with multiple CT images to critical or hard-to-inspect areas of components as part of standard production flow when other more cost effective methods do not meet the inspection requirements. Computed tomography has seen wide use, however, as part of new product development and root cause investigations by collecting CT slices for the entire volume of components. Recent advancements in CT data acquisition technology have moved from the use of linear x-ray detectors to area x-ray detectors that can collect CT data from a component in a single acquisition. The use of area x-ray detectors to collect CT data is often referred to as volumetric CT (VCT) and has reduced data acquisition times for an entire component from hours to minutes. This paper describes a method for rapidly analyzing VCT inspection data and the application of that method to the inspection of turbine airfoils.
Telesz, S., "Technology leaps in production readiness of Computed Tomography Technology and Solutions," Proceedings of the ASNT Digital Imaging Conference XVIII, July 2015, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH.
Howard, P., Portaz, J., Janning, J., Barthelemy, P. and Fauverte, F., "3D digital testing techniques for high volume production applications," Materials Evaluation, April 2010, American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Columbus, OH, pp. 400-406.


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LIFESTYLE: Test Drive
The Audi R8 is a bona fide supercar similar to its thrilling little TT brother; the visual overhaul cuts deeper than it first appears. Having set such a thrilling template with both cars, revolution is largely impossible; but the new R8's face is more aggressive, the various air intakes and vents on the front and side both functional and visually more powerful, with the head and tail lights now both doing a job beyond mere illumination.
The previous "entry-level" V8 has gone; and now there is a choice between two versions of Audi's fabulous 5.2-litre V10, the gentler of which runs 532 bhp, while the V10 Plus makes 602 bhp. That translates to a top speed of 205 mph, and a 0-62mph time of 3.2 seconds, making it the fastest road-going Audi yet, not to mention one of the fastest anythings ever. Crucially, this engine is also normally aspirated, so it produces its grunt without recourse to turbocharging, the route pretty much everyone else has adopted in pursuit of power and lower emissions and fuel consumption.
It's also an astonishingly-easy car to drive very quickly, even in V10 Plus guise, and arguably the best-sorted mid-engined car ever. This is a good and bad thing, depending on how adrenalized you like your driving experience to be. In standard set-up, the R8 will rip along straights with easily-enough pace to satisfy any sane human being, and maintain it even through ever-tightening corners. It has such Herculean levels of grip that your insides will surrender long before the car does. It also doesn't deliver its peak torque until 6,500 rpm, and the rev limiter doesn't make itself felt until 2,000 rpm beyond that, so there's a lot of activity at the top end.
The overall dynamic picture is slightly obfuscated by the various different driving modes and set-ups available: there's variable ratio steering and adjustable dampers, while the standard Drive Select lets you tweak gearbox, throttle and chassis settings. On top of that, you can dial back the ESC stability and traction algorithms for maximum tomfoolery/entertainment.
Factor in the ingenious configurable "virtual cockpit" – its Nvidia processors can perform 8.5 billion calculations per second, and the sat nav display is almost good enough to render individual blades of grass – and you have a car that, for all that it makes no major demands even of a supercar rookie, still rewards serious acclimatization.
What separates the V10 plus from the standard V10, Audi gave the full-fat model some carbon-fiber accessories: a fixed rear wing, door mirrors and side blades. And carbon-ceramic brakes of course. ENGINE V10, 5,204 CC, 602bhp Performance Top Speed, 205mph, 0-62 mph in 3.2 seconds. Price $134,500 Economy 23 mph contact www.audi.com
The Audi's is definitely one that makes an almost irresistible case for self-shifters. But MONARCH is still convinced that the trade manual box is set for a high-profile comeback, not in the least because it already attracts a premium on certain used high performance cars. You heard it here first.
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Daja Mayner, LCSW
Growing up, Ms. Mayner felt that her superpower was being trusted as a person's safe space. As a licensed clinical social worker at MindPath Care Centers, she is proud to now have the knowledge and competency to empower and assist clients in discovering their own superpowers. Daja hopes to challenge patients to humanize themselves by encouraging them to extend grace, believe in their abilities, and view therapy as another tool to overcome what may be the most difficult time in their lives. She employs an ecosystemtic approach that focuses on the implications of childhood and generational trauma on emotional well-being, self-concept, and attachment patterns. She pulls heavily from systems theory and incorporates techniques from several modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Bowen Family Systems, Emotionally Focused therapy (EFT), and Motivational Interviewing. Additionally, she is experienced in crisis intervention and in providing culturally sensitive counseling for intersectional communities.
Victoria Kirby York
Advocacy & Action Deputy Department Director
Mrs. Kirby York serves as the Acting Director for the Advocacy & Action Department at the National LGBTQ Task Force where she manages the policy, organizing, and faith team to queer (do differently) advocacy around faith, equity, and democracy. She has been organizing in a variety of capacities over 20 years regarding a number of progressive issues and candidates at the federal, state, and local level. She served as the Florida Director for Organizing for Action (OFA), the non-profit formed from the President's electoral campaigns to support President Barack Obama's legislative agenda. She has also worked in senior level roles in gubernatorial and presidential campaigns in Florida, for US Congresswoman Kathy Castor, youth education non-profits, and in the private sector.
Mrs. Kirby York has served as a member of the Human Rights Campaign's National Diversity & Inclusion Council, the National Black Justice Coalition's Leadership Advisory Council and as the first openly gay member of the Howard University Board of Trustees, and a board member for the Center for Black Equity and the Next Generation Leadership Foundation. She was one of four recipients of the 2011 Metro Weekly Next Generation awards, was cited as one of Florida's Top 30 under 30 political leaders, and was honored by NBJC as a National Top 100 Emerging LGBT leader and GO Magazine's 100 Women We Love Class of 2020. She also served as Vice Chair for the DC Mayor's LGBTQ Advisory Committee and currently serves as a board member for the Ballot Initiative Strategy Center Foundation, a New Leaders Council alumna, and FrontLine Leaders Academy Alumna.
Logan Casey
Policy Researcher for LGBT Equality
Logan conducts policy research and leads MAP's movement capacity research. Based in Minneapolis, Logan creates accessible and persuasive policy content, manages the LGBT Equality Maps tracking state and local progress, and conducts analyses of movement capacity. Prior to joining MAP, Logan was a Research Associate for the Harvard Opinion Research Program, where he was the deputy director on a polling series about discrimination in America, among other projects. He earned his Ph.D. in political science in 2016 from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, where his research focused on the influence of emotions in public opinion toward LGBT people and issues.
Nadine Smith
LGBTQ Advocate & Executiv Director of Equality Florida
Nadine Smith is the co-founder and CEO of Equality Florida, the state's largest organization dedicated to ending discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. A former award-winning journalist turned organizer, Nadine was one of four national co-chairs of the 1993 March on Washington. She was part of the historic oval office meeting between then – President Clinton – the first such meeting between a sitting President and gay community leaders. She served on the founding board of the International Gay and Lesbian Youth Organization, which celebrates 30 years in 2014. She is s a Florida Chamber Foundation Trustee, board member for Green Florida and served on President Obama's National Finance Committee. In 2013, was named one of the the state's "Most Powerful and Influential Women" by the Florida Diversity Council. She was also given the League of Women Voter's Woman of Distinction Award earlier this year. She currently serves on the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Florida Advisory Committee. She lives in St. Petersburg with her wife Andrea and son Logan.
Dr. Ken Redcross, MD
Ken Redcross, MD, is author of, "Bond: The 4 Cornerstones of a Lasting and Caring Relationship with Your Doctor," (2018) and founder of Redcross Concierge, a personalized medical practice designed to enhance the patient-doctor relationship while providing convenient access to a full spectrum of healthcare services and holistic and wellness counseling. As one of the first full-service concierge, personalized medical practices in the United States, Redcross' patient portfolio includes C-level business executives, athletes and professionals in the entertainment industry, as well as individuals from all walks and stages of life including college students, young professionals, busy parents and retirees. His focus on developing the patient-doctor bond is a unique characteristic of his concierge services that allows for a more strategic and customized approach to each patient's healthcare plan.
With extensive on-camera experience with major national television shows including "The Doctors," "The Insider" and E! Entertainment Television, Redcross frequently shares his expertise in managing everyday health challenges to a broad audience. He has also authored numerous consumer-focused health articles for MSN Latino and Everyday Health.
Brad Sears
Scholar of LAW & Policy at Williams Institute
Brad Sears, J.D., is Interim Executive Director and David Sanders Distinguished Scholar of Law & Policy at the Williams Institute. In addition, he is the Associate Dean of Public Interest Law at UCLA Law. He was the founding Executive Director of the Williams Institute, which he led from 2001 to 2017. Sears has published a number of research studies, primarily on discrimination against LGBT people and people living with HIV. He has taught courses on LGBT and disability law at UCLA, Harvard, and Whittier law schools. He has testified before Congress and state legislatures, authored amicus briefs in key court cases, helped to draft state and federal legislation, and been cited frequently by national media. A graduate of Yale College and Harvard Law School, he has received several awards, including the Co-Presidents Award from the LGBT Bar LA (2019) and the Earl Warren Outstanding Public Service Award from the American Society of Public Administration (2018)
Juan Battle
Academic, author, activist, feminist
Juan Jose Battle is an academic, author, activist, and feminist. He is currently Presidential Professor of sociology, public health, and urban education at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He also serves as the Coordinator of the Africana Studies Certificate Program.
Timm West
Pioneering Author
Timm West is a pioneering author, poet, educator, and Hip Hop artist who can be best described as a Renaissance man, leveraging a broad and diverse set of skills and interests to advocate for marginalized communities. Since 2014, he has served as Senior Managing Director for Teach For America's LGBTQ+ Community Initiative, which advances safer and more supportive classrooms for students and their educators. Since returning to his hometown of Cincinnati in 2017, Tim'm has served his community as a CPS Strategic Planning and Engagement Committee member, a Wordplay Board member, and member of the Chase Elementary LSDMC, among other points of engagement. Tim'm taught at both secondary and post-secondary institutions, including Oakland School for the Arts, Cesar Chavez in Washington, DC, Humboldt State University, and Houston Community College. Prior to TFA Tim'm served as Director of Youth Services at Center on Halsted, Chicago's LGBTQ center and the largest in the Midwest. A graduate of Duke, The New School, and Stanford universities, Tim'm released his definitive music anthology, Prodigal Son, which captures 20 years of Hip Hop soul music across 6 solo projects.
Naomi Goldberg
Directs MAP's policy
Naomi directs MAP's policy work and movement capacity research. Based in Ann Arbor, Naomi's work at MAP has focused on the challenges facing LGBT families and workers; issues of economic security for LGBT people; and most recently on LGBT people's interactions with the criminal justice system. In all these efforts, Naomi has co-authored a series of reports and partnered with leading progressive organizations to increase the visibility of LGBT people and issues within progressive movements and to highlight the need for progressive policy change to advance LGBT equality. Prior to joining MAP, Naomi completed a public policy fellowship at the Williams Institute at UCLA School of Law. She received her master of public policy from the University of Michigan's Ford School of Public Policy and graduated from Mount Holyoke College.
Chevelle Moss-Savage
Licensed Psychotherapist
Chevelle Moss-Savage is a Licensed Psychotherapist and the founder of "Helping Everyone Accept and Adapt to Life", (H.E.A.L-LLC). She has more than twenty years of experience working in mental health as a therapist, group facilitator, trainer/instructor, and case manager. She holds a master's degree in Human Services Clinical Counseling from Lincoln University; is a Certified Grief Counseling Specialist, Human Services-Board Certified Practitioner and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. Chevelle is an international thought leader, who has been recognized for her amazing work to further social justice and equity for LGBTQIA+ folx.
Chevelle's plethora of experience has been acquired both in higher education and in the private sector. Although she is a licensed clinician, she is also versed in promoting diversity and multicultural awareness through intersectionality training with hopes of eradicating stigmas related to mental health, ability status, faith traditions, or LGBTQ+ identities. Chevelle lives in Old Saybrook, CT with her spouse and (pre-COVID-19) they enjoyed traveling, hosting theme parties and spending time with friends and family.
Dr. Nicole L. Cammack
Licensed Clinical Psychologist
Dr. Nicole L. Cammack is a licensed clinical psychologist in the State of Maryland. She received her B.S. from Howard University, and her master's and Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from The George Washington University. Additionally, she completed a specialized postdoctoral fellowship with the National Center for School Mental Health at the University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Dr. Cammack is passionate about mental health awareness, treatment, and reducing the mental health stigma, particularly as it relates to Black communities. This passion is what led to the development of Black Mental Wellness, Corp. of which she is a Co-Founder, President, and CEO. Black Mental Wellness has a mission to provide access to evidenced-based information and resources about mental health and behavioral health topics from a Black perspective, to highlight and increase the diversity of mental health professionals, and to decrease the mental health stigma in the Black community. In addition, we lead trainings and workshops for corporations and community agencies, develop culturally informed curriculum, provide consultation services, and we are available for a range of speaking engagements.
Lastly, Dr. Cammack serves as the Program Director of a Primary Care-Mental Health Integration clinic, where she provides mental health services to veterans in a primary care setting. Clinical services that she provide include brief individual therapy, couples therapy, and culturally responsive therapeutic groups that focus on race-based trauma, military sexual trauma, and resilience. Lastly, she leads the Diversity Training Subcommittee and promotes efforts to increase diversity and cultural competency among psychology graduate trainees, and she is an active participant on several leadership councils through the VA Medical Center.
Bianca D.M. Wilson
Senior Scholar of Public Policy
Bianca D.M. Wilson, Ph.D., is the Rabbi Zacky Senior Scholar of Public Policy at the Williams Institute.
Her research focuses primarily on system-involved LGBTQ youth, LGBT poverty, and sexual health among queer women. In addition to multiple peer-reviewed and institution-published reports, she co-edited a special issue of the Journal of Lesbian Studies that featured a multidisciplinary collection of work on health and other topics from the perspectives of Black Lesbians in the U.S., Caribbean, and South Africa. She earned a doctorate in Psychology from the Community and Prevention Research program at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) with a minor in Statistics, Methods, and Measurement, and received postdoctoral training at the UCSF Institute for Health Policy Studies and the UCSF Lesbian Health and Research Center through an Agency for Health Research and Quality (AHRQ) postdoctoral fellowship.
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MATSUNAGA, Spark Masayuki
Courtesy U.S. Senate Historical Office
Representative, Senator
88th (1963–1965), 89th (1965–1967), 90th (1967–1969), 91st (1969–1971), 92nd (1971–1973), 93rd (1973–1975), 94th (1975–1977), 95th (1977–1979), 96th (1979–1981), 97th (1981–1983), 98th (1983–1985), 99th (1985–1987), 100th (1987–1989), 101st (1989–1991)
A lifetime proponent of peace, Spark M. Matsunaga, the son of an impoverished plantation worker, became a war hero and Member of Congress. Matsunaga believed firmly in gradual reform and the power of one man to change minds, a philosophy he often applied to the legislative process. As a knowledgeable member of the powerful House of Representatives Rules Committee and later as a United States Senator, Matsunaga influenced a broad swath of legislation during his 28 years in Congress. He alternately identified as a lawyer, soldier, peacemaker, poet, technology enthusiast, and a campaigner for equal rights. Fellow Senator Bob Dole of Kansas referred to "Sparky," as he liked to be known, as a "renaissance man."1
Spark Matsunaga was born Masayuki Matsunaga on October 8, 1916, in Kukuiula on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. His parents, Kingoro Matsunaga and Chiyono Fukushima, emigrated from Japan and worked on a Kauai sugar plantation. Masayuki grew up in a large family; his mother, Chiyono, was a widow with four children from her previous marriage. Kingoro Matsunaga sustained an injury on the job in the mid-1930s and, after his recovery, dedicated himself to a spiritual life as a Shinto priest. The Matsunaga brothers constructed a Shinto temple in their backyard at their father's instruction. The nickname "Sparky" or "Spark" originated in Matsunaga's youth; childhood friends used it to razz him for his frequent last-place finishes in races. The name stayed with him.2
Matsunaga's interest in political office ignited early. While attending Kauai High School, he complained to his haole social studies teacher about discrimination against Asians. The teacher replied, "Run for office and fix it." "Ohhh, he put that bug in my head!" Matsunaga recalled. "He planted a seed in my brain. In everything I did I was building steps toward the U.S. Senate."3 After graduating high school in 1933, Matsunaga briefly worked as a bookkeeper and then as a sales clerk to save money for college.4 He participated in Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) while attending the University of Hawaii in Honolulu. After receiving his bachelor's degree in education in 1941, his ROTC experience led him into the military.
Matsunaga's military career proved to be a defining life experience. He joined the Hawaii National Guard before entering the U.S. Army as a second lieutenant. Matsunaga commanded a company on the island of Molokai when Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. Martial law was immediately declared, and Matsunaga took command of the island itself for several months. But after the Battle of Midway in June 1942, the Army removed Matsunaga from command and shipped him and other soldiers of Japanese descent to Camp McCoy in Monroe County, Wisconsin. "Oh, my heavens, that was a sad day," Matsunaga later said.5
At the camp, while the soldiers continued training, Matsunaga helped organize a petition to President Franklin D. Roosevelt to allow the troops to prove their loyalty in battle. In early 1943, the government relented and allowed the formation of the 100th Infantry Battalion and later the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, which entered combat in Italy. Matsunaga was wounded twice traversing a minefield, causing severe damage to his right leg. He was awarded the Bronze Star for his service in Italy before being released from active duty in 1945 at the close of the war.
After the war, Matsunaga officially changed his first name to Spark, but kept the name Masayuki.6 He took a job as a veteran's counselor with the Department of the Interior for two years before joining the War Assets Administration as chief of the Priority Claims Division. He also lobbied Congress on behalf of disabled veterans like himself. In 1948 he married Helene Hatsumi Tokunaga, with whom he had five children, Karen, Merle, Diane, Keene, and Matthew. Using the GI Bill, Matsunaga pursued a law degree at Harvard University in 1949. He graduated two years later and worked as an assistant prosecutor for the city and county of Honolulu before going into private practice in 1954.
Matsunaga made his entry onto the broader national stage while still in law school when, in 1950, he testified before the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs in favor of Hawaiian statehood. He cited the patriotism of Japanese-American World War II soldiers and said they deserved "full recognition for the supreme sacrifice which they made for us and our country."7 He returned to testify in 1954, once more sharing the perspective of a veteran. Later that year, he was elected to the territorial legislature of Hawaii in the Democratic revolution that swept Republicans out of control. He supported the successful abolition of the death penalty in Hawaii in 1957 and went on to serve as the territorial house majority leader in 1958.8
In 1959 Hawaii finally attained statehood after Delegate John Burns arranged a compromise admitting Alaska to the Union first. Matsunaga put his name forward for the position of lieutenant governor. However, Burns, the gubernatorial candidate and de facto head of the Democratic Party on the islands, had already handpicked fellow insider Mitsuyuki (Mits) Kido as his running mate. Matsunaga balked; he asked why he had "risked his life in Europe with the 100th to come home and be told not to run for office."9 He ran anyway and weathered the primary loss. Burns, meanwhile, remained in DC for much of the campaign and lost the governor's race in a Republican landslide. Matsunaga returned to his law practice, but kept an eye on opportunities for national office.
That opportunity arrived in 1962, when Hawaiian Senator Oren Long declined to run for re-election. Representative Daniel Inouye ran for the vacant Senate seat, and redistricting doubled the number of Hawaiian congressional districts from one to two. Both seats were allotted At-Large in 1962 and were vacant, meaning Matsunaga could come in second overall but still serve in the House. Once again Democratic operatives pleaded with Matsunaga to reconsider, stating he was "upsetting the racial balance that had been so carefully worked out" for the ticket. Furious at the charge, Matsunaga took the issue head-on in the primaries and ended up polling the most votes of any Democrat.10 In the general election, he ran alongside Democrat Thomas P. Gill against Republicans Albert Evensen and Richard Sutton. Matsunaga received 123,599 votes, only 50 fewer than Gill; neither Republican candidate managed to attain more than 20 percent of the votes.
Upon entering the House in 1963, Matsunaga was appointed to the Agriculture Committee. He also sat on the Post Office and Civil Service Committee in the 89th Congress (1965–1967) before gaining a spot on the powerful Rules Committee in 1967. Matsunaga's seat on the Rules Committee was due to his personal friendship with Speaker John McCormack of Massachusetts. When asked whether he had cleared the appointment with incoming Rules Chairman William Colmer of Mississippi, McCormack scoffed, "Absolutely not. The Rules Committee is an arm of the leadership and the Speaker must have complete freedom to select those members on whose personal loyalty he can reasonably depend."11
Despite having no position of defined power on the committee, Matsunaga's command of the House Rules ensured him significant influence over the process of lawmaking. He diluted the power of the chairman by shepherding a rule allowing the majority to call a meeting without the chairman's consent. He frequently cosponsored legislation before it reached the Rules Committee, generating support from moderates on the committee who respected his views. He helped steer several major bills into laws this way, but he did not introduce much legislation himself. His expertise drew acclaim from House leadership. Majority Leader Hale Boggs noted in 1971 that "it's getting to the point where you have to see Sparky Matsunaga to get a bill passed around here."12 In 1976 he published a book with cowriter Ping Chen titled Rulemakers of the House, detailing the evolution of the Rules Committee. At one point during a re-election campaign, Matsunaga defended the importance of his place on the Rules Committee: "The Civil Rights Act of 1968 came out of this committee by an 8-7 vote. So did the Higher Education Act, the Vocational Education Act, the Federal Pay Raise Act, the Gun Control Act and others. You can see the importance of my one vote: Hawai'i's vote."13
Matsunaga devoted much of his time and effort to Hawaiian interests, primarily the continuation of sugar subsidies for the island's most important crop. Typically, a seat on the Rules Committee is an exclusive placement; however, Matsunaga negotiated to retain his spot on the Agriculture Committee as well because he "[knew] a lot about sugar." Matsunaga valued the committee membership highly, noting that "sugar is the life-blood of Hawaii."14 Through his dual positions on Agriculture and Rules, Matsunaga was able to assert his influence in hearings for the Sugar Act Amendments of 1971, speeding its passage. Using his position on the Rules Committee, Matsunaga voted down rules that had the potential to limit sugar benefits on the island, and the bill passed the House under a closed rule on June 10. The Sugar Act Amendments of 1971 maintained favorable prices and quotas for Hawaiian sugar above the world market price, stimulating a key Hawaiian industry.15
Throughout his congressional career, Matsunaga tirelessly advocated for peace. In an assigned paper during his first year at the University of Hawaii, Matsunaga wrote, "If we want peace, we must first educate people to want peace. We must replace attitudes favorable to war with attitudes opposed to war."16 He strongly supported foreign aid as a method of peaceful support to cooperating nations, including India, which he described as "the bulwark of democracy in the East." Matsunaga argued that foreign aid, an unpopular bill in the House, was "a sound investment in our future security."17
However, his stance on Vietnam waffled over the years. Shortly after joining the House of Representatives, Matsunaga was recommissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the U.S. Army Reserve partially to show support for American troops.18 For much of the conflict, he viewed the defense of the South Vietnamese government as a moral imperative and supported defense appropriations and the Lyndon B. Johnson administration's decision to escalate U.S. involvement in the conflict. As the war dragged on under the Richard Nixon administration, however, Matsunaga added his voice to those calling for the war's end. In early 1971, he offered one of the earliest resolutions for complete withdrawal of U.S. troops.19 On February 1, 1971, he spoke in favor of his resolution (H. Con. Res. 101), saying, "The war must end. Congress must move to reassert its constitutional responsibilities to 'raise and support armies' and to 'declare war.'"20
Matsunaga had clashed with Nixon's 1968 running mate over civil rights and treatment of Asian Americans. During the presidential election campaign, Republican vice presidential nominee Spiro Agnew casually referred to a Baltimore Sun reporter on his campaign jet as a "fat Jap." Matsunaga decried it as a hateful episode, and though Agnew initially shrugged off the concerns as "desperate," he publicly apologized days later.21
Matsunaga often spoke in favor of and voted for civil rights legislation, though he resisted its more militant aspects. He waded into the 1964 Civil Rights Bill debate on the House Floor to clearly state, "American society can be true to itself … only as rights are accorded to every person because he is a person."22 But both before and after passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 Matsunaga warned against provoking civil disorder to further the cause of the movement, saying that African Americans should "exercise the patience of Job, and seek to remedy wrongs only through the peaceful means provided by the new law."23 During the debate on the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Matsunaga more passionately assaulted the hypocrisy that civil rights legislation aimed to correct, noting, "It was not pure chance that under Thomas Jefferson's able draftsmanship the Declaration of Independence should state that 'all men are created equal.' These were not hollow words."24
While he occasionally restrained his fervor for the civil rights movement of the 1960s, he never wavered in his effort to restore dignity to Japanese Americans wronged during World War II internment. In 1971 he introduced H.R. 234 to repeal Title II of the Internal Security Act of 1950, an act with similar provisions to the executive order that had enabled the United States to detain 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II without due process. The Internal Security Act, also known as the McCarran Act after its sponsor, Senator Pat McCarran of Nevada, had been enacted over President Harry Truman's veto. Matsunaga first introduced his repeal bill in 1969 with Representative Chet Holifield of California as a cosponsor. At the time, Matsunaga insisted the provision "violates the constitutional guarantees and judicial traditions that are basic to our American way of life." Despite considerable support, opponents managed to refer the bill to the Committee on Internal Security, the successor of the House Un-American Activities Committee, where it languished.
When the pair reintroduced the bill in the 92nd Congress (1971–1973), Matsunaga used his position on the Rules Committee to have his bill considered before a competing, less effective proposal from Representative Richard Ichord, a conservative Democrat from Missouri who chaired the Internal Security Committee. Ichord's bill would have continued the threat of denying due process to those accused of subversive activities. Matsunaga's compromise forced Ichord's bill to a vote as an amendment to his own. In debate, opponents argued that the provision had never been used and Representative Allen Smith of California declared the bill "much ado about nothing." Representative Joe Evins of Tennessee, floor manager for Matsunaga's bill, came out swinging by denouncing Title II as allowing concentration camps on American soil. Ichord's amendment failed, 272 to 124; H.R. 234 then overwhelmingly passed the House, 356 to 49. The Senate passed the bill by unanimous consent two days later, and President Nixon signed it into law on September 25, 1971.25
After his first election, Matsunaga campaigned on his experience and the value of maintaining a strong veteran's voice in Congress for Hawaii. His brochures declared "In the forefront for Hawaii and the Nation," "Keep Hawaii Strong in Congress," and "Spark's rise to national prominence has been phenomenal." The strategy worked, winning Matsunaga overwhelming victories in each election after 1962.26 In 1964, Representative Thomas Gill unsuccessfully challenged Republican Senator Hiram L. Fong, and state senator Patsy Mink won his spot as Hawaii's junior Representative. Matsunaga and Mink continued to represent Hawaii At-Large until 1970, when the two seats were assigned defined districts. Matsunaga took the district representing urban Honolulu as well as the northwestern Hawaiian islands.
In 1976 Senator Fong announced his retirement. Both Matsunaga and Mink jumped to announce their candidacies to fill the vacant seat. Both candidates attracted fervent support across Hawaii, and experts predicted a close race in the October primary. Ultimately, Matsunaga won with 55 percent of the vote.27 The brief general election campaign pitted Matsunaga against former Republican Governor William Quinn. Quinn had been out of politics for some time and had lost recognition among an electorate that tilted more Democratic than it had two decades prior. Matsunaga won 54 percent of the vote, amassing a comfortable 40,000-vote margin. Once established in the Senate, he returned to his well-practiced method of touting his experience and clout on Capitol Hill. His victories were much larger in his re-election campaigns in 1982 and 1988, when he won 80 and 77 percent of the vote, respectively.28
Reflecting on his arrival in the Senate in 1977, Matsunaga later joked, "I felt very uneasy, very out of place. Everybody else was running for president."29 Still, he made his mark early. As a freshman, he cast the deciding vote in the Democratic caucus to elect Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia as Majority Leader. As a reward, Matsunaga was quickly moved from his early provisional appointments on the Commerce and Foreign Relations Committees and granted a seat on the powerful Finance Committee.30 He was also appointed to the Energy and Natural Resources Committee and the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, although he left Energy and Natural Resources for the Committee on Labor and Human Resources in the 98th Congress (1983–1985).31
The Senate marked a change for Matsunaga in more ways than one. Fong had retired in part because he grew tired of the long hours. Matsunaga embraced the workload as he adapted to the culture of the Senate. Despite his ceaseless commitment to the job, he developed a reputation for his good nature among his colleagues and his constituents. He became famous for showing visiting constituents around the Capitol and treating them to lunch in the Senate Dining Room. After his death, the Senate named the center table after him to mark the spot where he so often entertained Hawaiian visitors.32
Matsunaga first experienced being in the minority party during his years in the Senate when Republicans regained control of that body in 1981, riding the coattails of President Ronald Reagan's election. During this period, Matsunaga grew more partisan but maintained his amiability. Weeks after reluctantly voting to confirm Alexander Haig as President Reagan's Secretary of State, Matsunaga attended a White House reception for the visiting Japanese prime minister. Despite his best efforts, the Senator found himself lumped in with the Japanese delegation as they were shuffled along the presidential receiving line. Secretary Haig shook Matsunaga's hand and asked if he spoke English. "Yes, Mr. Secretary, I do," Matsunaga replied in a deadpan, "and I had the honor of voting for your confirmation the other day."33
Matsunaga spent much of his first term mastering the rhythms of the Senate and forging a cooperative relationship with the senior Senator from Hawaii, Daniel Inouye. They worked closely on legislation important to Hawaii, but each maintained their own legislative focus. Matsunaga added interests in space exploration, alternative energy, and cultural development to his agenda. At the same time, he continued to campaign on behalf of civil rights for Japanese Americans and broader peace initiatives.
Early in his second term, Matsunaga finally achieved a long-sought goal: the establishment of the United States Institute of Peace. He submitted a bill (S. 564) in 1983 to found an Academy of Peace for undergraduates to study the art of diplomacy and peaceful negotiation. More than 140 bills had been introduced during the previous half-century calling for some sort of agency dedicated to peace.34 Matsunaga had submitted several similar proposals since entering Congress in 1962. S. 564 garnered 51 cosponsors and seemed bound for passage, but was repeatedly held up in various committees, where it was redesigned to be a grant-making institution.
After suffering a heart attack on January 4, 1984, Matsunaga redoubled his efforts to create his Academy of Peace. He asked Oregon Senator Mark Hatfield, chairman of the Appropriations Committee, to submit the United States Institute of Peace Act as Title XVII of the defense appropriations bill. Hatfield steadfastly backed the amendment, which carried it through committee.35 Codified in Public Law 98-525, the institute established a nonprofit corporation with federal funding, an appointed board of directors, and the mission to distribute grants, hold conferences, and award the newly minted Medal of Peace.36 The Institute of Peace was not the academy Matsunaga had originally envisioned, but it carried a mandate to foster peace research in other academic and diplomatic institutions across the nation.
Matsunaga was also taken with emerging technologies, focusing on space exploration and alternative energy sources. While the latter appealed mainly to his love of science, the former tied directly to his tireless efforts for peace. In 1986 he published his second book titled The Mars Project: Journeys Beyond the Cold War, advocating cooperation with the Soviet Union to explore the red planet. He was moved to write the book as the Reagan administration pushed the ballistic missile defense system, better known as "Star Wars." Matsunaga addressed the salience of focusing on space exploration at that moment, saying, "They may think I'm out of this world, but one of the objectives I had in mind was to offer something positive in lieu of 'Star Wars' because 'Star Wars' can only lead to our mutual destruction."37
Matsunaga was one of the earliest proponents of an international space station, introducing a resolution (S. Res. 488) in favor of its development in 1982. "Space—the last and most expansive frontier—will be what we make it," he wrote in a 1982 editorial.38 In 1984 Matsunaga sponsored another resolution (S.J. Res. 236) in favor of U.S.-Soviet space cooperation; this one passed the House and Senate and gained Reagan's signature. Studies were launched to address the feasibility of manned spaceflight to Mars. Matsunaga also suggested turning the manned spaceflight program over to the U.S. Air Force, citing the Challenger disaster as evidence that NASA had become "overburdened."39 The International Space Station eventually became a reality in 1998, when the first components were launched for the joint operation.
Another of Matsunaga's longtime goals came to fruition in 1985, when he helped create the U.S. poet laureate position at the Library of Congress. Matsunaga was an amateur poet himself. During Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone's visit in 1986, Nakasone praised the cherry blossoms at a congressional lunch. Inspired, Matsunaga spontaneously stood and formed a haiku: "Cherry blossoms bloom. Washington is beautified. East and West do meet."40
In late 1985, he cosponsored the Arts, Humanities, and Museums Amendments of 1985 along with Republican Senator William Cohen of Maine. This bill (S. 1264) introduced a compromise that combined the position of poet laureate with that of the poetry consultant to the Library of Congress. In floor debate on October 3, 1985, Matsunaga claimed that the United States was behind the times, noting the existence of the position in other developed nations across Europe. He also spoke of poetry's cross-sectional appeal: "It is my hope that the work of the future poet laureate … will also reflect our Nation's great diversity—its multiethnic, multicultural, multiracial heritage, its strength and compassion, and its democratic idealism."41 The bill passed both chambers by voice vote within a week of each other and became law on December 20, 1985. Robert Penn Warren was chosen as the nation's first poet laureate in early 1986.
The legislation Matsunaga viewed as his crowning achievement came very late in his career. In 1988 working with Representative Robert Matsui of California, among others, Matsunaga obtained redress for Japanese Americans who had been interned during World War II. Like many of his major accomplishments, this legislation took years to achieve. Matsunaga began lobbying for reparations in earnest shortly after joining the Senate in 1979.42 He cosponsored Senator Inouye's bill (S. 1647) in August 1979, establishing the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, which proceeded to conduct a prolonged study of the effects of internment during World War II. "The proposed study would finally make all the facts known and would allow Congress to decide whether any further action should be taken to compensate victims of the wartime relocation policy," Matsunaga explained just before the bill passed by voice vote.
The commission appointed by Congress published a report in 1983 titled Personal Justice Denied, which described internment as a product of "race prejudice, war hysteria and a failure of political leadership" and recommended redress payments to the victims and families.43 Shortly after the commission started, however, the Senate changed hands and Republicans blocked any legislation based on the commission's report.
By 1987 Democrats had retaken the Senate and once more held both houses of Congress. Throughout the 100th Congress (1987–1989), Matsunaga became a man on a mission, working alongside the American Civil Liberties Union to approach each Member one by one and assert the need for reparations. In January 1987, Majority Leader Tom Foley of Washington introduced H.R. 442 calling for redress. Matsunaga and Inouye both testified before the House committees considering the legislation. Just before the Easter holiday on April 10, Matsunaga rose in the Senate chamber to report the long-awaited findings of the commission, declaring, "Perhaps the most traumatic experience, the one thing that has haunted Americans of Japanese ancestry for 45 years, was the stigma of being cast as disloyal to their own beloved country, the United States of America."44 On September 17, 1987, the House passed H.R. 442 in a 236 to 137 bipartisan vote.
Despite the success in the House, progress stalled on Matsunaga's Senate version of the bill (S. 1009). The proponents of the legislation began a concerted effort to talk down threats of filibuster from conservative opponents, specifically Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina, who objected to paying $20,000 to "Japanese." Matsunaga assured him that only Americans who happened to be of Japanese descent were involved, and Helms temporarily relented.45 After obtaining support from the Reagan administration in early 1988, formal debate finally began on April 19. Senator John Glenn of Ohio introduced the bill and commended Matsunaga on his single-minded pursuit of its passage, saying, "He has been a real bird dog on this one."46 Matsunaga thanked Glenn and said, "This bill provides a long overdue remedy for one of the worst violations of individuals' civil liberties in our nation's history. Passage of this bill removes a big blot on the Constitution … [by] bringing about personal justice which had been denied by our own government to our own citizens."47
Senator Helms tried one final time to upend the bill, introducing an amendment seeking compensation from the Japanese government for the families of those killed at Pearl Harbor before awarding reparations to Japanese Americans. That amendment failed spectacularly, 91 to 4, after Matsunaga pointed out its false logic. Afterward, Matsunaga brought up H.R. 442, which had already passed the House, and asked that the text following the enacting clause be replaced with the substance of his bill. The symbolism of that bill number was lost on no one, as it invoked the all-Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team in World War II. The bill, which spread $1.3 billion in reparations over five years, passed, 69 to 27, on April 20, 1988.
Reparations began in late 1990, but Spark Matsunaga did not have long to celebrate that achievement.48 The Senator fell ill in early 1990 with prostate cancer. His condition deteriorated quickly. He cast his final vote on April 3 from a wheelchair, unable to speak.49 Hawaiian newspapers called for his resignation, intimating that he might be unable to properly represent the interests of the state.50 Matsunaga waved off the concerns as "trying to make a decision a little too soon."51
While seeking treatment in Toronto, Matsunaga died on April 15, 1990. He lay in state in the Hawaiian capitol rotunda before his ashes were interred in Punchbowl National Cemetery in Honolulu. The United States Institute of Peace he had fought so long to create was renamed the Spark M. Matsunaga Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution shortly after his death on Inouye's suggestion. Speaking at his funeral, Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell of Maine said of him, "Most of all, Spark Matsunaga loved his country enough to make it right when it was wrong."52
1Congressional Record, Senate, 99th Cong., 2nd sess. (14 August 1986): S11617.
2Richard Halloran, Sparky: Warrior, Peacemaker, Poet, Patriot (Honolulu, HI: Watermark Publishing, 2002): 1–2.
3Carla Hall, "The Senator & His Space Refrain," 13 August 1986, Washington Post: C1.
4Barbara Bennett Peterson, "Matsunaga, Spark Masayuki," American National Biography, vol. 14 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999): 710.
5Hall, "The Senator & His Space Refrain."
6"Senator Spark M. Matsunaga Papers Finding Aid," January 2005, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, http://library.manoa.hawaii.edu/departments/archives/congressional/matsunaga/SMMFindingAid_web.pdf.
7Hearings before the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Hawaii Statehood, 81st Cong., 2nd sess. (1950): 247.
8"Senator Spark M. Matsunaga Papers Finding Aid."
9John S. Whitehead, Completing the Union: Alaska, Hawai'i, and the Battle for Statehood (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2004): 317.
10Halloran, Sparky: 86–87.
11Ibid., 119.
12Peterson, "Matsunaga, Spark Masayuki."
13Halloran, Sparky: 125.
14Sarah Jane Glazer, "Spark M. Matsunaga, Democratic Representative from Hawaii," in Ralph Nader Congress Project: Citizens Look at Congress (Washington, DC: Grossman Publishers, 1972): 15; Peterson, "Matsunaga, Spark Masayuki."
15Glazer, "Spark M. Matsunaga, Democratic Representative from Hawaii": 16–17.
16Diana Leone, "Peace Institutes Realize Vision," 20 August 2009, Honolulu Advertiser, http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2009/Aug/20/ln/hawaii908200341.html (accessed 29 April 2016).
18"Senator Spark M. Matsunaga Papers Finding Aid."
19Ralph Nader Congress Project, "Spark M. Matsunaga, Democratic Representative from Hawaii": 17; Halloran, Sparky: 134–136.
20Congressional Record, House, 92nd Cong., 1st sess. (1 February 1971): 1281.
21Congressional Record, Senate, 101st Cong., 2nd sess. (19 April 1990): 4460; Halloran, Sparky: 126–127.
22Congressional Record, House, 88th Cong., 1st sess. (10 February 1964): 2766.
23Halloran, Sparky: 99.
24Congressional Record, House, 89th Cong., 1st sess. (9 July 1965): 16275.
25Halloran, Sparky: 140–143; Public Law 92-128, 85 Stat. 347 (1971).
26Ralph Nader Congress Project, "Spark M. Matsunaga, Democratic Representative from Hawaii": 8–9.
27"Matsunaga Ends Mink's Bid in Hawaii Senatorial Race," 4 October 1976, Washington Post: A3.
28Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, "Election Statistics, 1920 to Present," http://history.house.gov/Institution/Election-Statistics/Election-Statistics/.
29Hall, "The Senator & His Space Refrain."
31For a full listing of Matsunaga's committee assignments, see Garrison Nelson, Committees in the U.S. Congress, 1947–1992, vol. 2 (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1994): 570–571.
32Congressional Record, Senate, 101st Cong., 2nd sess. (11 May 1990): S6102; Rudy Maxa, "Hawaii's Senator Who Never Sleeps Says A Millionaire Made Him Do It," 16 March 1980, Washington Post Magazine: 4.
34Spark M. Matsunaga, "An Academy of Peace: Training for a Peaceful Future," February 1985, The Futurist: 8.
35Halloran, Sparky: 194–196.
36Department of Defense Authorization Act, Public Law 98-525, 98 Stat. 2492 (1984).
38Spark A. Matsunaga, "Find Peace With Russia in Space," 4 July 1982, Washington Post: B4.
39Public Law 98-562, 98 Stat. 2914 (1984); Spark M. Matsunaga, "Put the Air Force Into Space," 13 April 1986, Washington Post: B4.
41Halloran, Sparky: 204–205; Congressional Record, Senate, 99th Cong., 1st sess. (3 October 1985): 25816.
42Richard Pearson, "Sen. Spark Matsunaga, Hawaii Democrat, Dies," 16 April 1990, Washington Post: D6.
43Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians, Personal Justice Denied (Washington, DC: Civil Liberties Education Fund, 1997): 18.
45Ibid., 224–225.
47"Senate Approves Bill to Settle War Internment," 21 April 1988, Miami Herald: A17.
48Congressional Record, Senate, 100th Cong., 2nd sess. (20 April 1988): 7619–7643; Halloran, Sparky: 233–234.
50Karen Foerstel, "Matsunaga, Stricken With Prostate Cancer, Is Only Coming to Hill for Roll-Call Votes," 19 February 1990, Roll Call: n.p.
51Karen Foerstel, "'I'm Getting Better,' Says Matsunaga: Despite Cancer, He's Far From Resignation," 12 April 1990, Roll Call: n.p.
52Congressional Record, Senate, 101st Cong., 2nd sess. (24 April 1990): H1665.
Hawaii Congressional Papers Collection
Papers: 908 linear feet. 1916-1990 (bulk 1963-1990). Papers primarily documenting career in the U.S. House of Representatives (1963-1976) and Senate (1977-1990). Includes correspondence, speeches, schedules, press releases, newsletters, voting records, travel files, scrapbooks, audiovisual items, photographs, published items, and memorabilia. Topics include peace, space exploration, veterans, health, natural resources, energy, transportation, taxation, and civil rights, especially redress for Japanese Americans interned in WW II. There are files on two books he wrote, Rulemakers of the House and The Mars Project. Also included are documents, photographs, and memorabilia from childhood, years at the University of Hawaii and Harvard Law School, election campaigns, and hobbies such as playing the harmonica and writing poetry. Some restrictions.
Carl Albert Center Congressional Archives
Papers: Correspondence in Carl Albert papers, 1910-1976 (bulk 1946-1976). Finding aid.
Matsunaga, Spark M. The Mars Project: Journeys Beyond the Cold War. New York: Hill Wang, 1986.
Matsunaga, Spark M., and Ping Chen. Rulemakers of the House. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976.
U.S. Congress. Senate. Memorial Services Held in the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States: Together with Tributes Presented in Eulogy of Spark M. Matsunaga, Late a Senator from Hawaii. 101st Cong., 2d sess., 1990. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1992.
"Spark M. Matsunaga" in Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, 1900-2017. Prepared under the direction of the Committee on House Administration by the Office of the Historian and the Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Washington: Government Publishing Office, 2018.
House Committee - Agriculture
Domestic Marketing and Consumer Relations - Chair
House Committee - Post Office and Civil Service
House Committee - Rules
House Committee - Select Committee on Aging
Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, 1900 to Present
History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, "MATSUNAGA, Spark Masayuki," https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/M/MATSUNAGA,-Spark-Masayuki-(M000250)/ (January 21, 2020)