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Welcome to The Monkey Cage!
POMEPS Blog April 20, 2014 April 23, 2014 Marc Lynch
We would like to belatedly announce and explain an important change in the activities of the Project on Middle East Political Science. Several months ago, we decided to end our long relationship with Foreign Policy and our editorial role on the Middle East Channel. We are excited to continue our efforts to promote public engagement and the dissemination of research by academic Middle East specialists on The Monkey Cage at the Washington Post.
Leaving Foreign Policy was not an easy decision. We are very proud of the Middle East Channel, which we launched in 2010 as a platform for informed, non-partisan, policy-relevant analysis by top academic experts and analysts working in the region. Between 2010 and 2014, our small POMEPS team edited and published more than 1,000 articles on the Middle East Channel, including more than 450 by some 200 different university-based scholars. Those articles reached a very large and influential audience, without any compromises on analytical rigor, theoretical sophistication, or empirical richness. When the Middle East Channel was recognized as a finalist for a Digital Magazine Award for its coverage of the 2011 Arab uprisings, well over half of its articles were written by academics.
These articles didn't only make timely contributions to understanding events, but also had enduring value. We published 21 collections of these articles in the POMEPS Briefings series on countries ranging from Egypt (September 9, 2011; August 21, 2012; March 4, 2013; July 23, 2013); Syria (May 5, 2011; February 27, 2012; December 8, 2013); Yemen (March 24, 2011; January 18, 2012; March 21, 2013); Bahrain (February 18, 2011; April 26, 2012); Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Kuwait, Tunisia, and Turkey. These POMEPS Briefings also engaged thematic issues such as sectarianism, the Arab monarchy debate, and Salafi Islamist movements. All will continue to be available for free download.
By early this year, however, we no longer felt that Foreign Policy offered the best platform for the kind of academic public engagement that POMEPS aims to promote. There is no need to rehearse the reasons for our decision. We are extremely proud of everything we published on the Middle East Channel, and grateful for the opportunity that Foreign Policy gave so many scholars to reach a wide audience. But the landscape has evolved, visions have diverged, and ultimately it became clear that it was time for a change.
We are therefore absolutely delighted with our new home at The Monkey Cage, whose name comes from H.L. Mencken's famous observation that "democracy is the art of running the circus from the monkey cage." The Monkey Cage has long been one of the premiere political science blogs, with the mission of disseminating high quality political science research and promoting public engagement by political scientists. Since joining the Washington Post last fall, The Monkey Cage has reached an even larger, diverse, and informed audience, and it has been significantly expanding its international coverage. There could not be a closer fit with the POMEPS mission.
We are delighted to invite academic Middle East specialists in the POMEPS network to submit essays for potential publication in The Monkey Cage. The POMEPS mission remains the same: to provide a platform for the best scholars, junior and senior alike, to directly engage and inform public discourse on the Middle East. Relevance doesn't have to mean chasing headlines or presenting policy recommendations in op-ed format. We want well-written, empirically rich, theoretically sophisticated essays that make a real, original contribution. We are especially interested in pieces drawn directly from recently published or ongoing research that deserves a broader audience. Submissions should still be sent to me directly or to Mary Casey (me_casey at gwmail.gwu.edu), and if we don't think it's quite right for The Monkey Cage we will try to help POMEPS network members to find alternative venues.
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We'd like to offer a sincere thanks to all of the hundreds of authors who have made such outstanding contributions to the Middle East Channel over the last four years. We look forward to continuing to work with POMEPS scholars at our new home. The Monkey Cage carries on tradition.
— Marc Lynch, with Mary Casey and Cortni Kerr
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Hong Kong protests; Protracted tech war 持久科技战;Xi goes to Central Asia
Bill Bishop Jun 12, 2019 6
The Hong Kong protests against the proposed extradition law erupted again today and it looks like the city may be dealing with massive protests for the foreseeable future, just as in 2014 during Occupy Hong Kong. Carrie Lam is showing no sign of backing down, Beijing continues to publicly support her, but the protestors do not look to be going anywhere.
The explanation for the Hong Kong unrest Xi will probably believe is that a combination of insufficient patriotic education among Hong Kong youth and hostile foreign forces intent upon fomenting a color revolution is the underlying cause, rather than anything Beijing and the CCP have done.
The Hong Kong protests are a huge embarrassment for Beijing, coming just months before what is supposed to be a rapturous celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. The response from Beijing may also weigh on the upcoming Taiwan election, and if it is hardline then it may help Tsai Ing-wen and the DPP, exactly what Beijing does not want.
Xi Jinping has left China again, this time for the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Kyrgyzstan and the fifth summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in Tajikistan. He should be back in Beijing June 16.
Thanks for reading, and if you are in Hong Kong please be safe.
1. Hong Kong protests
Tearful leader Carrie Lam says she 'sacrificed' for Hong Kong, as police use tear gas, rubber bullets to clear protests | Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
In a televised address later in the evening, Lam described Wednesday's protest as an organised "riot."
"This is not an act out of love of Hong Kong," she said. She added that the occupation of roads had severely affected the city and said protesters used lethal methods to attack police by setting fires, using metal bars, throwing bricks and damaging public facilities.
"We must strongly condemn this," she said.
Lam stood by the controversial extradition bill: "Since the Handover, some people will use matters involving the central and Hong Kong governments, mainland and Hong Kong to incite confrontation… Radical confrontation is not the solution."
More tear gas fired as Hong Kong police and extradition bill protesters renew clashes | South China Morning Post
Hong Kong: Police must end excessive force against largely peaceful protest | Amnesty International
"This excessive response from police is fuelling tensions and is likely to contribute to worsening violence, rather than end it. We urge the Hong Kong police not to repeat such abuses against peaceful protesters, and instead ensure people can legitimately exercise their rights. We also remind police that using force against protesters already brought under control is unlawful."
Adam Ni @adam_ni
Police baton charge and bash an unarmed young man. #hongkong #AntiELABhk https://t.co/yTOcLgYfGS
1,382 Retweets761 Likes
Hong Kong police use rubber bullets, bean bags, tear gas to clear protests; curfew and PLA deployment ruled out | Hong Kong Free Press HKFP
Hong Kong police chief Stephen Lo has confirmed that police are using tear gas, rubber bullets and bean bags to clear protesters around Admiralty on Wednesday.
Addressing the media, he called the anti-extradition law protests a "riot" though ruled out asking the People's Liberation Army for assistance or imposing a curfew.
On the ground at the Hong Kong protests | Financial Times - Free video
After a day of protests about a proposed extradition law, police in Hong Kong fired pepper spray, tear gas and rubber bullets at demonstrators. The FT's Asia editor Jamil Anderlini reports
Hong Kong Risks Occupy 2.0 as Tear Gas Envelops Heart of City - Bloomberg
"This time some people say peaceful protest is useless," said Suki Fung, 24, catching her breath after inhaling tear gas. "People think there has to be more of a fight -- otherwise it's useless with this government."
For the protesters, the extradition law represents a line in the sand: a dramatic undercutting of local autonomy that will end Hong Kong's status as a safe haven for dissidents fleeing the mainland. They have drawn the support of U.S. lawmakers like House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who called on Congress to reassess Hong Kong's special trading status -- a move that risks damaging the city's reputation and pushing more multinationals to locations like Singapore.
Question: Should the Trump Administration, not just members of Congress, explicitly tell Lam that if the extradition law passes it will work with Congress to revoke Hong Kong's special trading status?
Hong Kong's extradition law: Not just "Hong Kong people" have reason to fear Chinese "justice"! — Jerome A. Cohen | 孔傑榮(柯恩)
It's not only "Hong Kong people" whose fate is at stake here. Anyone passing through Hong Kong airport could be detained and sent to China (compare the Huawei Vancouver extradition case). Even people who have been extradited by a third jurisdiction to Hong Kong could be subject to re-extradition to China unless some provision is made in the extradition treaty between Hong Kong and the third jurisdiction to prevent that! This bill would undoubtedly lead those democratic countries that have extradition treaties with Hong Kong to either renegotiate them successfully or terminate them.
Global Times editorial by "Shan Renping", assumed to be editor in chief Hu Xijin - 单仁平:内地社会比任何外部势力更盼香港好_评论_环球网
[Google translate] Hong Kong people must form a basic judgment on the above principles. They must not be fooled by Western political elites, nor can they be kidnapped by Hong Kong's inevitable political game logic under the Western system. "One country, two systems" is a new thing. When encountering various problems, we must follow the Basic Law and negotiate. We must not be impulsive and cannot be led to the extreme.
It is not difficult to imagine that once Hong Kong loses its order and social chaos, those who engage in radical politics can realize their own gains in an opportunistic way. Western politicians are watching the hustle and bustle. The biggest loss in that situation will be the people of Hong Kong who will lose their lives. The most distressed and most helpless will be the community of interests of the Chinese nation. Our conclusion is: We must never let such a nightmare have a chance to become a reality in Hong Kong. (The author is a commentator on the Global Times)
香港人一定要对上述道理形成基本判断,切不可被西方的政治精英们忽悠了,也不可被香港在西式体制下无可避免的政治游戏逻辑绑架了。"一国两制"是新事物,遇到各种问题时,都要按照基本法来,协商着来,千万不可冲动,不能被人带向极端。
不难设想,一旦香港失去秩序,社会大乱,以搞激进政治为职业的人可以用机会主义的方式变现自己的收益。西方的政客们则都是看热闹的,幸灾乐祸的。那种情况下损失最大的将是香港市民们,他们将输掉自己的人生。而最心疼也最无奈的将是中华民族的这个利益共同体。我们的结论是:决不能让那样的噩梦有机会在香港成为现实。(作者是环球时报评论员)
2019年6月12日国台办新闻发布会--人民网
Spokesman for the State Council Taiwan Affairs Office said the "one country two system" model has achieved great success in HongKong
一圖|示威者圍堵立法會阻修例 堵塞交通挑釁警察密謀行動
Takungpao described the protesters as rioters who provoked the police
China firmly opposes U.S. remarks on ordinance amendments: spokesperson - Xinhua
"Hong Kong affairs are purely China's internal affairs. No country, organization or individual has the right to interfere."
Geng said that China is strongly dissatisfied with and firmly opposes the U.S. side making irresponsible remarks on the Hong Kong SAR government's amending the ordinances and making groundless accusations about Hong Kong affairs.
Hong Kong LegCo suspends discussion on amendments to fugitive offenders ordinance - Xinhua
Cheung Kin-chung, Chief Secretary for Administration of the HKSAR government, in a video, urging people blocking the roads to return to the pavements and allow the traffic to resume. He called for the public to stay calm, restrained and leave the site as soon as possible, and not to commit any crimes.
Hong Kong Markets Roiled by Interbank Rate Squeeze Amid Protests - Bloomberg
While some analysts attributed the tighter liquidity to seasonal demand for cash such as dividend payments, others said the protests -- aimed at preventing the passage of a bill allowing Hong Kong to extradite its citizens to mainland China -- could be spurring concern about potential capital outflows. The squeeze has driven up the cost of shorting the Hong Kong dollar, which also contributed to the one-day jump.
Hong Kong braces for new mass protests against planned extraditions to China - Reuters
Beijing-based consultancy Gavecal said some bankers in Hong Kong were reporting that many mainland clients were shifting their accounts to Singapore, fearing they could come under scrutiny in the financial hub.
2. US-China trade
Expectations low for Trump-Xi talks, preparations limited - Reuters
Sources familiar with the matter, including officials and diplomats in Washington and Beijing, say there has been a lack of preparatory work for the meeting, due largely to the increasing acrimony. The trade negotiating teams have not met since talks ended in stalemate on May 10.
Trump presses China to reverse stance on structural reform if it wants trade deal - Reuters
"We had a deal with China and then they went back on the deal. They said we don't want to have four major points, five major points. ... But we had a deal with China and unless they go back to that deal, I have no interest," Trump said on Tuesday.
China Moves to Close Gap in Trade Expertise as Clash With Trump Intensifies - The New York Times
The negotiator, Yu Jianhua, a 28-year veteran of trade talks with American officials and at the World Trade Organization, returned to Beijing in mid-April from his position as China's ambassador to the United Nations' offices in Geneva. With his appointment, the Chinese government began to address an experience gap that could be holding it back as it tries to resolve a potentially devastating trade war with the Trump administration.
Comment: If the trade talks reconvene there is a good chance Liu He is no longer running them for the Chinese side.
With China Absent, U.S. Farmers Pitch Soy to Other Asian Buyers - Caixin
Paul Burke, the senior director of soy marketing for the U.S. Soybean Export Council, has said that America may never regain the lucrative Chinese market that accounts for roughly two-thirds of global exports.
"Literally, we need 100% share in every non-China market if we want to move the market and deplete stocks," Burke said by phone.
Trump to sign executive order to streamline biotech regulations - CNBC
The order would pressure international trading partners — including China — to lift barriers in the biotech industry, which creates products such as pesticides and genetically engineered plants bred to resist diseases, three sources told CNBC.
The order was viewed as a way to bolster the bottom line of farmers caught in the crosshairs of Trump's trade war with China, the sources said.
Nintendo Moves Some Switch Production Out of China, Adapting to Tariff Threat - WSJ $$
Videogame platform owners tend to sell hardware at a thin profit in hopes of earning revenue from more-lucrative software sales. If Nintendo had to pay a 25% tariff to import its consoles into the U.S., it might be forced to sell them at a loss—something the company has said it wants to avoid.
American cars lose shine in China as trade tensions simmer - BNN Bloomberg
The market share of U.S. brands fell to 9.6 per cent in the first five months of 2019 from 10.9 per cent a year earlier, the state-backed China Association of Automobile Manufacturers said Wednesday. German and Japanese brands, meanwhile, gained share in the world's largest car market.
Foxconn ready to move production out of China if necessary | Financial Times $$
The company said 25 per cent of its total capacity is now outside of China, and Liu Young-way, a member of the company's newly formed top management committee, said it could help Apple, for example, move iPhone production out of China if necessary. But he noted that Apple had not yet asked for a shift.
As Trade War With U.S. Grinds On, Chinese Tourists Stay Away - The New York Times
a Bank of America Merrill Lynch report last week in estimating a "worst-case scenario" of as much as a 50 percent decline in Chinese travel to the United States. Its analysts said that could mean a $18 billion hit to the American travel industry.
The decline in Chinese tourism may be tied, in part, to a slowdown in the Chinese economy, which has left consumers with less money for discretionary spending. But travel industry professionals, international trade experts and economists say the bigger factor is the trade war and the inflammatory rhetoric associated with it. They say Beijing may see its sizable population of global travelers as a cudgel in its battle with the United States.
Google Speeds Up Shift of Hardware Production Away from China - Bloomberg
Google has already shifted much of its production of U.S.-bound motherboards to Taiwan, averting a 25% tariff, said the people, asking not to be identified discussing internal matters. While U.S. officials have pinpointed Chinese-made motherboards as a security risk, Google didn't bring that up during discussions with its suppliers, they said. Tariffs have also pushed American-bound production of its Nest devices to Taiwan and Malaysia, the people said.
Chinese attendees give US investment conference their collective snub as year-long trade war escalates, spills over to tech | South China Morning Post
A total of 76 company representatives and government officials from China attended the annual Select USA Investment Summit, down from last year's 101 delegates and 155 in 2017, according to organisers of the Monday event in Washington, D.C.
Hosted by the US Department of Commerce, the three-day conference is the highest-profile event to attract foreign direct investment into the country.
Chinese Cash That Powered Silicon Valley Is Suddenly Toxic - WSJ $$
Since late last year, amid rising U.S.-China tensions, venture firms with China ties have been dialing back their U.S. investments, structuring deals in novel ways to avoid regulators or shutting their U.S. offices. Some American venture firms are dumping their Chinese limited partners or walling them off with special structures. And some U.S. startups that have taken significant Chinese money are keeping the investments quiet or trying to push their Chinese investors out to avoid scrutiny.
So much for the old joke that if you want to meet a Chinese venture capitalist over the summer you have to go to the San Francisco Bay Area?
3. Today in propaganda
US exposes double-dealer essence by adopting double standards on contract spirit - People's Daily Zhong Sheng
By wantonly withdrawing from agreements and trampling on international rules, the US is actually damaging its own credibility while sabotaging international order.
The international community believes that it's hardly possible for the US to win the trust of other trade partners that it is under negotiation with, as the country has reneged on its own promises during the bilateral trade talks with China.
US forsakes good for the sake of gold - People's Daily Zhong Sheng
the current administration of the country is maxing out Washington's morality that has already been widely questioned...
These US politicians have shifted domestic development contradictions and deceived the general public, and withdrawn from global treaties such as the Paris Agreement while making fancy speeches to take international responsibilities.
The US poses as an important force to safeguard the world peace, but is arbitrarily interfering with the internal affairs of other countries. It groundlessly accused other countries of violating human rights, but has quit the United Nations Human Rights Council itself.
国际规则不是提线木偶(钟声)--国际--人民网
Wednesday Zhong Sheng says international rules are not string puppets, in another of its continuing series of attacks on America
Another "International Sharp Commentary" on the Wednesday CCTV Evening News - "US National Security" is a basket into which anything can be put - 国际锐评:"美国国家安全"是个筐 什么都往里装_CCTV:
锐评指出,美国频繁祭出"国家安全"旗号,无非是为了维护其霸权。而这种无所不用其极的荒唐做法,已经越来越为国际社会所嗤笑。
The sharp commentary pointed out that the United States frequently sacrificed the "national security" banner, only to maintain its hegemony. This ridiculous practice of doing everything is increasingly ridiculed by the international community.
Question: What is not related to political security and national security in China?
人民日报:加征关税的"游戏"必将付出代价|关税|美方|代价_新浪新闻
The ""The adding tariffs game will result in paying a price"" signed People's Daily article previewed on the Tuesday CCTV Evening News is signed by the increasingly prolific Wu Yue He 五月荷
US going against trend of time won't be supported - People's Daily - Wu Yue He
At the recent G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting held in Japan, US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said that if China wants to come back to the table and negotiate on the basis that the two countries were negotiating, they can get a great historic deal. If they don't, the US will proceed with tariffs, he added.
Such remarks expressed nothing but the US failure in understanding what sincerity is. Washington just doesn't know how to be fair and respectful. It is trapped in a vicious circle which is isolated from the trend of time, and its practices, hurting both the others and itself, will not receive any support.
The original, from June 10 逆大势不可能得民心
Any attempts to interfere with China's internal affairs doomed to failure: spokesperson - Xinhua
"Pompeo appeared to lack the most basic knowledge and understanding of China's Xinjiang, but this is not the point. The point is that he does not want to see a true Xinjiang," Geng said. "It is a matter of different nature if one ignores facts and truth, is addicted to fabricating lies and fallacies, and attempts to use human rights and religion as an excuse, to interfere with China's internal affairs."
"I need to remind Pompeo that his public performance fully exposes his true colors," Geng said, noting "any attempts to interfere with China's internal affairs are destined to fail."
社评:蓬佩奥身为国务卿,却扮演反外交角色_评论_环球网
Global Times gets personal, described Pompeo as a mafia and former CIA director who dares to use dirty tricks and abandons the rule-based old school diplomacy
垄断设施、监视全球,网络公共空间竟成美国私有领地--国际--人民网
People's Daily article on America's "digital hegemony" with its control of the Internet, spying on everyone and boycotting innocent PRC tech firms. This is the second commentary on the newspaper this week by the author 史往生, which I believe is a pseudonym.
4. How to deal with China's rise
China's Rise and the Future of Global Politics - Foreign Affairs - Jessica Chen Weiss
China's actions abroad have offered alternatives to U.S.-led international institutions, made the world safer for other authoritarian governments, and undermined liberal values. But those developments reflect less a grand strategic effort to undermine democracy and spread autocracy than the Chinese leadership's desire to secure its position at home and abroad. Its efforts to revise and work around international institutions are the result of pragmatic decisions about Chinese interests rather than a wholesale rejection of the U.S.-led international order. Beijing's behavior suggests that China is a disgruntled and increasingly ambitious stakeholder in that order, not an implacable enemy of it. In seeking to make the world safer for the CCP, Beijing has rejected universal values and made it easier for authoritarian states to coexist alongside democracies...
At home and abroad, the CCP is fighting a defensive ideological battle against liberal norms of democracy and human rights, but so far at least, it is not engaged in a determined effort to spread autocracy.
Comment: Is this underestimating Beijing's ambitions? I worry it may be, especially if China and Russia are deepening their relationship.
I originally posted this next entry in January. I find Mr. Garnaut's views about what really drives Xi and the CCP, and what their ambitions are, more convincing than Ms. Chen Weiss'. Regardless of what I think, I know that Garnaut's speech got a wide reading inside the US government (one senior Trump official recently told me it was required reading in their bureaucracy), and that his view has helped inform US thinking about Xi and the CCP - Engineers of the Soul: Ideology in Xi Jinping's China by John Garnaut:
The key point about Communist Party ideology - the unbroken thread that runs from Lenin through Stalin, Mao and Xi - is that the party is and always has defined itself as being in perpetual struggle with the "hostile" forces of Western liberalism...
Mr Xi did not invent this ideological project but he has hugely reinvigorated it. For the first time since Mao we have a leader who talks and acts like he really means it. ..
Americans Aren't Ready for Cold War II - WSJ - Walter Russell Mead
Americans should start by deepening our understanding of how Beijing's policy makers see themselves and the world. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, most American policy makers have seen the Chinese Communist Party's continuing embrace of Marxism as purely pro forma. But it's not that simple. Chinese political thought has evolved still since the fall of the Soviet Union. It now offers an analysis of Chinese development and perceived American decline that profoundly influences both elite and mass Chinese opinion. One question is whether Beijing needs an external enemy today to justify its crackdowns on a restive middle class. Marxist dogmas about the struggle between capitalist and socialist regimes may serve Beijing's purposes today as much as they helped Stalin justify his rule 70 years ago.
Biden changes tone on China: "They are a serious challenge to us" - Axios
"While Trump is tweeting, China is making massive investments in technologies of the future. While Trump is name-calling, China is building roads, bridges, and high-speed rail. While Trump is pursuing a damaging and erratic trade war, without any real strategy, China is positioning itself to lead the world in renewable energy. While Trump is attacking our friends, China is pressing its advantage all over the world. ... But the reason I'm optimistic, and the point I've been making for years is— IF we do what we need to do here at home, IF we stand up for American interests, IF we invest in our people, live our values, and work with our partners — We can out-compete anyone."
新华国际时评:美国政客,请理性看待中国崛起-新华网
Xinhua International Commentary urges the US to accept China's rise and said containment will not work
5. Protracted tech war 持久科技战
This last year in the US-China relationship has been China's Sputnik moment, there is no turning back in the intensifying and what will surely be protracted technology conflict.
为建设世界科技强国汇聚磅礴力量
Page 1 People's Daily commentary on the circular on building the scientist spirit in the new era, calling on scientists to do more for innovation, the great rejuvenation, and helping China get control of core technologies...
China to promote scientist spirit of new era - Xinhua
The document, jointly issued by the General Offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council, called on Chinese scientists to live up to the scientist spirit of the new era, which requires them to be patriotic, innovative, dedicated and cooperative, keep pursuing the scientific truth and stay ready to help younger generations.
Scientists were urged to focus on globally advanced technologies and those that have impact on the national economy, serve major strategic needs of the country and shoulder the responsibilities in solving major bottlenecks facing the country.
In pushing forward the campaign, it called for adherence to the principle of the Party's leadership over science and technology work, reform and innovation in the system and joint efforts from various agencies and society to cultivate a favorable atmosphere of science.
The document - 中共中央办公厅 国务院办公厅印发《关于进一步弘扬科学家精神加强作风和学风建设的意见》 Interestingly the document specifically prohibits developed regions from poaching talent from western and northeastern regions…
张国宝:中国的芯片产业为什么不尽人意?_周刊厨房_经济网_国家一类新闻网站
In an article this week, Zhang Guobao, former deputy director of NDRC, discusses the lessons China learned in developing semiconductor. He mentioned how the Chinese government failed to raise more private capital and failed to support some excellent private entrepreneurs.
中国芯酸往事-虎嗅网
This article from last year also went viral this week. It provides an inside look into how China developed semiconductors in the 1990s. Zhang Guobao also mentioned this article in his essay.
"中国芯"突围要发挥综合优势--科技--人民网
People's Daily overseas edition interviewed Ni Guangnan, member of Chinese academy of engineering, on what China should do to develop its own chips. Ni suggests the government should support with industrial policies and be patient, because it could take a decade or two to see the results.
China set to produce first locally designed DRAM chip - Nikkei Asian Review:
Changxin Memory Technologies, previously known as Innotron Memory, has redesigned its dynamic random access memory chips to minimize the use of U.S. technology, in a bid to avoid infringing patents and potentially falling victim to the U.S. crackdown on China's rising tech industry, according to two sources with knowledge of the matter.
6. Economy
China bank loans rebound, more policy easing may be needed - Reuters
Growth of outstanding total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, quickened to 10.6% in May from a year earlier from 10.4% in April...
Broad M2 money supply in May grew 8.5% from a year earlier, below estimates of 8.6% by analysts polled by Reuters, and unchanged from April's pace.
China's Credit Growth Edges Up in May - Caixin Global
China's total social financing (TSF), a broad measure of credit and liquidity in the economy, grew by a net 1.4 trillion yuan ($202 billion) in May, slightly higher than a net increase of 1.36 trillion yuan the month before, central bank data showed Wednesday...
"Credit growth remained broadly stable in May," Franziska Palmas, an economist at research firm Capital Economics, said in a note. "Policy easing has not yet been effective in generating a sustained pick-up in credit growth and is one of the reasons why we don't expect a strong recovery in economic growth in the coming months.
China inflation: May PPI, CPI as US tariffs hit, food prices spike - CNBC
China's consumer price index (CPI) in May rose 2.7% from a year ago, the highest since February 2018.
China's producer price inflation (PPI) rose 0.6% in May from a year ago, in line with economists' expectations.
Food prices rose 7.7% in May from a year ago, while non-food prices rose 1.7% on-year.
Consumer Inflation Hits 15-Month High on Soaring Fruit Prices - Caixin Global
The average price of fresh fruit soared 26.7% year-on-year in May, up significantly from 11.9% growth in the previous month and marking the fastest increase in more than eight years, NBS data showed. Amid a nationwide outbreak of African swine fever, the average price of pork rose 18.2% year-on-year last month, the highest growth in nearly three years.
Surging fruit prices were chiefly due to low stocks caused by cuts to apple and pear production last year, as well as short supply amid frequently overcast and rainy weather in southern China, NBS official Dong Yaxiu
Li pledges to improve business climate - China Daily
Premier Li Keqiang reaffirmed China's commitment to improving its business environment by deepening reforms to streamline administration and carrying out large-scale tax cuts and fee reductions.
Li said in a meeting on Tuesday with World Bank President David Malpass that the country will bring its business environment more in line with market principles, international standards and the rule of law as part of efforts to promote high-quality development.
China encourages businesses to diversify foreign trade markets - Xinhua
Exploring diversified international markets will help boost steady growth in foreign trade and keep the country's economy running smoothly, according to an executive meeting of the State Council chaired by Premier Li Keqiang.
Li urged efforts to sign high-standard free trade agreements and regional trade agreements with more countries, and expand comprehensive cross-border e-commerce pilot zones.
China's Car Slump Extends to a Year Without Signs of Reprieve - Caixin
Shoppers have stayed away from showrooms as economic woes and sputtering stock prices weighed on their purchasing power. Meanwhile, the rising popularity and availability of car-sharing and ride-hailing services is reducing the need for individuals to buy vehicles.
The market that global carmakers have relied on for growth since the 1990s now risks an extended decline, raising questions about the companies' expansion plans in China.
China car sales fall in May - Xinhua
Car sales in China continued to drop in May, with about 1.913 million vehicles sold last month, down by 16.4 percent year on year, industrial data showed Wednesday...
Excluding minivans, passenger car sales rose 4.8 percent from April, the largest month-on-month growth in May, CPCA data showed. Analysts attributed the monthly boost to car dealers' rush to clear inventories before new emission standards take effect in July in some regions.
Sales of new energy vehicles (NEVs) kept growing last month, edging up 1.8 percent year on year, CPCA data showed
7. Xi goes to Central Asia
Chinese president leaves for Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan - Xinhua
At the invitation of Kyrgyz President Sooronbay Jeenbekov, Xi will pay a state visit to Kyrgyzstan and attend the 19th meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyzstan.
At the invitation of Tajik President Emomali Rahmon, Xi will attend the fifth summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in Dushanbe, capital of Tajikistan, and pay a state visit to the country.
Xi's entourage includes Ding Xuexiang, Yang Jiechi, Wang Yi and He Lifeng
Full text of Xi's signed article on Tajik media - Xinhua
Tajikistan is one of China's closest partners in Belt and Road cooperation. It was the first to sign a cooperation MOU with China on the Silk Road Economic Belt. A dedicated committee has since been established and a number of signature projects already completed...
We live in a world of profound changes unseen in a century. Although peace and development remain the theme of the times, we are also witnessing rampant protectionism and unilateralism and rising uncertainty in various regions...
We need to refine our blueprint for Belt and Road cooperation. We need to expand our cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, focus on strategic projects, and give priority to cooperation in energy, transportation, agriculture and industry.
China seeks Indian and Russian backing for 'new' multilateral trading system in face of Donald Trump's protectionism | South China Morning Post
Multiple Indian media reports suggest the country's recently re-elected Prime Minister Narendra Modi will join forces with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian leader Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit in Kyrgyzstan this week to express their concerns about US President Donald Trump's protectionist approach.
8. New report on Belt and Road
Navigating the Belt and Road Initiative | Asia Society
ASPI's new report, Navigating the Belt and Road Initiative integrates international standards, Chinese domestic guidelines, and lessons learned from BRI's first five years to conceptualize a blueprint for successful projects and to surmount the challenges that BRI projects have faced thus far. The report and a "BRI Matrix" within it offer guidance on the management of BRI projects to improve the likelihood that they yield beneficial and sustainable developmental, economic, environmental, civic, and social outcomes.
This project is headed by ASPI Vice President for International Security and Diplomacy Daniel Russel, with significant advisement from a global taskforce of experts in the infrastructure finance, labor, environmental, and other sectors. The report's findings and recommendations were socialized with officials in China and Southeast Asia ahead of China's April 2019 Belt and Road Forum.
Ling Huawei: Baoshang Bank Takeover Sets Precedent, Opens Door to U.S.-Style FDIC - Caixin This has been a difficult game of chess and it represents a milestone in the history of China's financial system. First, it marks the beginning of a specialist clean-up of the complex underground financial empire of Tomorrow Holding. Second, against the backdrop of a crackdown on the shadow banking industry, the Baoshang takeover has for the first time broken the implicit guarantees that underpin the interbank market. Third, although this way of dealing with problematic small and midsized banks is common international practice, in China it has set a precedent and gives us the opportunity to test our version of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
China's Debt-to-Equity Swap Agreements Reach 2.3 Trillion Yuan as NDRC Expands Private Market's Role - China Banking News Lian Weiliang (连维良), vice-chair of NDRC, said that the current round of market-based debt-for-equity swaps is distinct from previous policy-driven rounds, with market actors independently negotiating and determining target companies, swap prices and conditions, fund-raising amounts, as well as equity management and withdrawal. According to Lian the government is no longer drawing up lists or playing a "match-making role," and its function is instead to provide a sound policy environment for market actors.
China's cheap loans find few takers among small firms | Financial Times $$ These are admittedly small samples, but the results nonetheless suggest that government intervention can only go so far — companies are less willing to borrow to expand their businesses because of prevailing economic conditions. Nearly half of the companies surveyed reported that sales were down on last year, compared with fewer than one in 10 of those questioned in February. As a result, just 14 said they had borrowed from banks over the past six months, compared with nearly two-thirds of the 36 firms surveyed in February.
Luxembourg to be first nation outside Asia to host annual meeting of China-backed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank | South China Morning Post Luxembourg, the first European country to apply to join the China-backed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, will host the AIIB's annual meeting next month, the first time the gathering has taken place outside of Asia.
Chinese Court to Auction LeEco Founder Jia Yueting's Real Estate Assets- PingWest A Chinese court will auction real estate in Ningbo owned by indebted billionaire Jia Yueting to help repay CNY534 million due to creditors, sources familiar with the matter told Cailian press
Yicai Global - Chinese Province to Take Majority Stake in HNA Unit GX Airlines The government of China's southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region plans to take a majority stake in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Airlines, a subsidiary of HNA Group, via equity restructuring, the parent announced yesterday.
Alibaba sees cheap way to bank credit with China | Financial Times $$ what may be good for Alibaba and pleasing to Beijing does not hide the fact that Hong Kong is far from replacing the US as a source of capital. The total market capitalisation on the Hong Kong stock exchange is roughly one-seventh that of New York and Nasdaq combined. Average daily turnover last year was just 14 per cent of the New York duo.
Chinese Brokerage's $2 Billion Offering Kick-Starts Stock Link With London - WSJ $$ Chinese brokerage Huatai Securities Co plans to raise as much as $2 billion selling London-listed share-backed instruments this week, reviving a delayed financial link between China and the U.K.
"金融反腐"又现新动作 今年该领域至少10余名干部落马--反腐倡廉-人民网 People's Daily lists 17 officials in state banks or financial institutions who have been put under investigation since beginning of this year.
CPPCC launches training class for national political advisors of ethnic minority groups, religious circles - Xinhua Bater, vice chairman of the CPPCC National Committee, emphasized the responsibilities of the CPPCC National Committee members of ethnic minority groups and religious circles at the opening ceremony. He called on the national political advisors to participate in the building and practices of consultative democracy, improve their representativeness and influence among the people of ethnic minority groups and religious believers, and work hard to consolidate ethnic unity, and promote religious and social harmony.
Egypt's parliament speaker to visit China - Xinhua Egypt's Parliament Speaker Ali Abdel-Aal will pay a visit to China from June 14 to 20 at the invitation of Li Zhanshu
北京市网信办原副主任陈华案披露:隐瞒在伦敦房产_监察 Chen Hua, former Beijing cyber administration official now in jail for corruption, had property in London, according to a new book
Chinese vessel sinks Philippine boat in West PH Sea 'collision' - Rappler A Chinese vessel sank a Philippine vessel in a collision in the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea) and left the 22 Filipino fishermen on that boat "to the mercy of the elements," the Philippines' Department of National Defense (DND) announced on Wednesday, June 12.
China's moves off Pag-asa Island a test of 'sincerity,' says analyst | ABS-CBN News Ramon Tulfo, a broadcaster recently appointed as President Rodrigo Duterte's special envoy to Beijing, said last week that some 100 Chinese militia boats were "withdrawn" from waters off Pag-asa Island following backchannel talks.
The New Cyber Insecurity: Geopolitical and Supply Chain Risks From the Huawei Monoculture The reach and scope of Huawei is a perfect example of how security risks and threats multiply as the number of technologies used by a company and the "distance" each packet of information has to travel grows.
毛里求斯代总统沃亚普里、总理贾格纳特分别会见王晨--时政--人民网 Acting President and PM of Mauritius both met with Wang Chen, vice chairman of National People's Congress in Beijing
China, UK to hold economic, financial dialogue for sound ties: FM spokesman - Xinhua Chinese Vice Premier Hu Chunhua will co-host the 10th China-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue with British Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond on June 17, as the two sides are eying cooperation on trade, investment and other issues, a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson said Wednesday.
Chinese aircraft carriers' frequent passage through Miyako Strait to become standard practice: Party paper - Global Times China's aircraft carriers will more frequently cross through sea lanes, including the Miyako Strait, for deployment in the west Pacific and Indian oceans which will become standard practice, according to an article published by the social media account run by a Party newspaper. The main missions of Chinese aircraft carriers will be sea routes protection, conducting naval diplomacy, serving as a regional deterrent and humanitarian relief as well as disaster rescue, according to the Tuesday article by Xiakedao, the official WeChat account operated by the overseas edition of People's Daily. 中国航母编队再出第一岛链!别急,会成常态的
China rolls out rules for commercial space sector - People's Daily Online The guideline, the first of its kind since China's private companies were allowed to enter the space sector in 2014, said that only after obtaining permission from the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, may commercial rocket companies conduct research and production, according to the authority's website on Monday.
Award recipient's communist ties - The Australian A Perth businessman who belongs to at least 10 organisations linked to the Chinese Communist Party has been awarded an Order of Australia for his "service to the Chinese community of Western Australia". Edward Zhang, 68, is honorary chairman of the WA branch of the Australian Council for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China, the most prominent CCP-linked body in Australia.
US 'gift' to China shows unenforced North Korea sanctions - AP The meeting between acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan and his Chinese counterpart began with all the hallmarks of a routine staged and scripted session between two uneasy rivals...Shanahan presented Chinese Defense Minister Wei Fenghe with a gift. But what at first glance looked like a coffee table book was actually 32 pages of photographs and satellite images of North Korean ships getting and delivering shipments of oil. Many of the photos are stamped with dates, times, locations and descriptions, and, according to officials, represent proof that Pyongyang is violating punishing economic sanctions right off China's coast.
China increases construction rate of amphibious assault ships | Jane's 360 The eighth Type 071 (Yuzhao)-class amphibious assault ship on order for China's People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) was launched at the Hudong-Zhonghua shipyard in Shanghai on 6 June, making it the fourth of these 20,000 tonne landing platform dock (LPD) vessels to have entered the water since June 2017.
Top Chinese academic hits back at plagiarism claims over US-China trade war research | South China Morning Post In a statement published on social media platform WeChat on Monday, a user identified as Mu Feng accused Wu Baiyi, the head of the Institute of American Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), of plagiarism. Mu accused Wu of not attributing his research in remarks made at a CASS event on the trade war last Wednesday.
Huawei's New Laptop Becomes First Casualty of U.S. Sanctions — The Information $$ Huawei has indefinitely postponed the announcement of a new laptop computer that was originally scheduled for this week, as the U.S. government's trade sanctions have blocked the Chinese tech giant's access to Microsoft's Windows operating system and Intel's processors, Huawei employees with knowledge of the matter told The Information. Huawei had previously planned to unveil the new Windows laptop at the CES Asia 2019 trade show in Shanghai this week. The company hasn't set any new date for the product's launch, the employees said.
Or not? - Huawei poised to release new laptop despite US sanctions - Global Times Huawei will release a new laptop product in July, with different models and configurations compared with previous series such as the MateBook and HonorBook, a source close to the matter confirmed to the Global Times, hours after CNBC reported that the Chinese company had scrapped the launch of a new laptop due to US export controls.
Huawei Will Provide 5G Services in Spain on June 15- PingWest Vodafone España, a mobile telecommunications operator, will bring 5G services to 15 Spanish cities on June 15, in cooperation with Huawei. Spain is the second European country to open commercial 5G services after the UK.
U.S. Will Favor Huawei Suppliers 'Not Central' to National Security, Commerce Secretary Says The U.S. government will "look favorably" on Huawei suppliers that sell parts that are "not central" to U.S. national security, Ross said Tuesday in response to a Caixin reporter's question during a news conference at the SelectUSA Investment Summit in Washington D.C., which aims to promote investment in the country.
Huawei looks to self-driving cars in bid to broaden AI focus | Financial Times $$ Dang Wenshuan, Huawei's chief strategy architect, told the Financial Times that Huawei is providing the AI backbone in several co-operative ventures including one with Audi, which is owned by Germany's Volkswagen; GAC Toyota Motor, a joint venture between Japan's Toyota and a Chinese company; and the Chinese manufacturers Beijing New Energy Automobile and Changan Automobile.
Yicai Global - Tencent Demands USD1.6 Million From ByteDance in Gaming Lawsuit Tencent demands ByteDance to pay CNY10.8 million (USD1.6 million) for damages, online news outlet Ifeng Technology reported. Tencent claims that six users of Toutiao and TikTok posted videos about Tencent's popular mobile game Kings of Glory without authorization, breaking copyright, according to the court of Nanshan district in Shenzhen where Tencent is headquartered.
上海市网信办、市市场监管局约谈百度上海分公司|界面新闻 · 快讯 Authorities in Shanghai investigating Baidu for illegal advertisements and pushing fake news and vulgar content.
China's AI market to hit $12 billion by 2030 - ECNS The artificial intelligence market in China reached $1.76 billion in 2018 and will rise to $11.9 billion by 2023, according to a report. The potential influence of artificial intelligence on technology, industry and social change has been widely recognized worldwide since 2018, according to the newly released "China's New Generation AI Development Report 2019."
Paying subscribers for online videos in China reach 347 mln in 2018 - ECNS he number of paid memberships on China's online video platforms reached 347 million in 2018 as the market continued to expand rapidly, according to a report released on Tuesday at Internet Film and Television Summit, part of the Shanghai International Film and TV Festival.
China blocks websites, internet accounts in new cleanup campaign - Reuters The joint effort was launched in May by the cyberspace administration, the information technology ministry, the public security bureau and the markets regulator and will run until the end of the year, the official Xinhua news agency. The "rectification" campaign will punish and expose websites for "illegal and criminal actions," failing to "fulfil their obligation" to take safety measures or for the theft of personal information, it added.
Mary Meeker's 2019 Internet Trends report highlights China's short-form videos and super apps | TechCrunch This year's edition of Mary Meeker's Internet Trends report, released earlier today, once again included a section on China prepared by Hillhouse Capital
Documenting mass grave relocation in China | Stanford News In what is considered to be the largest grave relocation in human history so far, more than 10 million corpses have been exhumed in China over the past two decades to make way for new development projects. Now, a new digital collaboration led by Stanford historian Tom Mullaney, titled The Chinese Deathscape: Grave Reform in Modern China, has documented the location of the affected gravesites throughout the country and explored what's driving this journey of the dead. // And it is happening in Xinjiang too:
Rian Thum @RianThum
The Chinese government has now destroyed the central Uyghur graveyard in Khotan. It was also the site of several sacred shrines.
China to speed up legislation on biotech development - Xinhua Peng Gaojian, a senior official with the ministry [of Justice] revealed the information Wednesday at a press conference on a newly published regulation on the management of human genetic resources. The biotech safety regulations will focus on preventing bioterrorism and activities that seriously violate social ethics, as well as avoiding direct or indirect biosafety hazards, said Peng. The clinical application regulations, in the meantime, will strengthen the management on the use of new biomedical technologies in medical institutions to ensure safety. He said that the regulations in the above two categories, together with the newly published regulation on human genetic resources, will form a complete supervision chain on life science research and medical activities.
China's top legislature launches media activity to promote Yangtze River protection - Xinhua This year's activity will focus on the NPC Standing Committee's legislation and supervision in the areas of water pollution prevention and Yangtze River protection, said Yang Zhenwu, secretary-general of the NPC Standing Committee.
Shandong to Launch Real-Time Electricity 'Spot Market' - Caixin Shandong's energy department has released a draft three-year plan for rolling out an electricity "spot market" that will allow generators, distributors and industrial consumers to trade power in real time, ahead of the market's launch next month. The industrial province is one of eight regions that state planner the National Development and Reform Commission called on to trial market reforms last year in a bid to reduce costs for end users.
Rural and Agricultural Issues
China motivates universities to promote rural vitalization - Xinhua Thirty-nine universities have established more than 300 experimental stations, over 500 academicians and expert workstations, and 1,400 agricultural promotion demonstration zones and special industrial bases, providing services for over 1,700 enterprises related to agriculture, said Lei Chaozi, director of the Department of Science and Technology of MOE, at a press conference.
Let 100 Apps Blossom: WeChat, Pinduoduo Transform China's Rural Life — The Information $$ More than 580 million of China's 1.3 billion people live in rural areas. Of them, some 222 million regularly access the internet, up 25% over the past five years, according to a government report.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why are C variable sizes implementation specific? Wouldn't it make more sense (for example) for an int to always be 4 bytes?
How do I ensure my C programs are cross platform if variable sizes are implementation specific?

A: The types' sizes aren't defined by c because c code needs to be able to compile on embedded systems as well as your average x86 processor and future processors.
You can include stdint.h and then use types like:
int32_t (32 bit integer type)
and
uint32_t (32 bit unsigned integer type)

A: C is often used to write low-level code that's specific to the CPU architecture it runs on.  The size of an int, or of a pointer type, is supposed to map to the native types supported by the processor.  On a 32-bit CPU, 32-bit ints make sense, but they won't fit on the smaller CPUs which were common in the early 1970s, or on the microcomputers which followed a decade later.  Nowadays, if your processor has native support for 64-bit integer types, why would you want to be limited to 32-bit ints?
Of course, this makes writing truly portable programs more challenging, as you've suggested.  The best way to ensure that you don't build accidental dependencies on a particular architecture's types into your programs is to port them to a variety of architectures early on, and to build and test them on all those architectures often.  Over time, you'll become familiar with the portability issues, and you'll tend to write your code more carefully.
Becoming aware that not all processors have integer types the same width as their pointer types, or that not all computers use twos-complement arithmetic for signed integers, will help you to recognize these assumptions in your own code.

A: You need to check the size of int in your implementation. Don't assume it is always 4 bytes. Use
sizeof(int)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Zakaria Tamer () este un nuvelist, ziarist, scenarist, cronicar arab sirian.

Biografia
Zakaria Tamer s-a născut la data de 2 ianuarie 1931, la Damasc. Din pricina greutăților materiale, abandonează școala și muncește pentru a-și îmtreține famila. Multă vreme se străduiește să se instruiască singur citind enorm. După o vreme, se va înscrie la cursurile serale. Debutează cu nuvele în 1960.

Editor de reviste
Zakaria Tamer a fost, în perioada 1960-1980, editor al unor reviste de cultură ce au avut un rol extrem de important în viața culturală arabă, precum  Al Mawqif al-Adabi (Atitudinea literară) și Al-Ma'rifah (Cunoașterea). De asemenea, a fost editorul revistei pentru copii, Usamah.

Volume de nuvele

 Ṣahīl al-ğawād al-abyaḍ (Nechezatul calului alb), în 1960;
 Rabīʿ fī- l-ramād (Primăvară în cenușă), în 1963;

 Ar-Raʿd) (Tunetul), în 1970;
 Dimašq al-ḥarā'iq (Damascul în flăcări), în 1973;

 an-Numūr fī l-yawm al-ʿāšir (Tigrii în cea de-a zecea zi), în 1978;

 Nidā' Nūḥ (Chemarea lui Noe), în 1994;

 Sa-naḍḥaku (O să râdem), în 1998;
 Al-Ḥiṣrim (Agurida), în 2000;

 Taksīr rukab (Cotonogeala), în 2002;

 al-Qunfuḏ (Ariciul), în 2005.

Literatură pentru copii

 Limādā sakata an-nahru (De ce a tăcut râul), în 1973;
 Qālat al-warda li-s-sunūnū (Trandafirul i-a spus rândunicăi), în 1878;
 al-Ğarād fi l-madīna (Lăcustele în oraș), în 1982;
 37 de povești pentru copii publicate în broșuri colorate, în 2000.

Traduceri în limba română
Zakaria Tamer. Tunetul. Traducere din limba arabă, prefață și note: Oana Ghica. Iași: Editura Ars Longa, Colectia "Alif" (coordonator: George Grigore). 2010. pp. 140.

Note

Legături externe
 Tunetul de Zakaria Tamer, recenzie de Gabriel Bițună

Nașteri în 1931
Scriitori de limbă arabă
Scriitori sirieni
Oameni în viață

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Located on Levels 24-25, this space comes with a breathtaking 360 degree view of the Kuala Lumpur city skyline. Nestled in the heart of bustling Kuala Lumpur with neighbours such as the iconic Petronas Twin Towers, this Grade A Green Building Index certified office building is your perfect workspace that comes with a host of member perks & amenities. Opening JUNE 2019.
A fantastic experience from day one. It's been a good transition for my team, who were previously in an isolated environment. From pleasant surprises, partnership offers to workouts to gaming activities. Kudos to the team's effort growing the LabFam community.
Without a doubt the best space we've had. Awesome vibe & design, great facilities and a friendly, helpful & fun team running the space.


text:
Q: Similarity Between Users Based On Votes lets say i have a set of users, a set of songs, and a set of votes on each song:
=========== =========== =======
User        Song        Vote
=========== =========== =======
user1       song1       [score]
user1       song2       [score]
user1       song3       [score]
user2       song1       [score]
user2       song2       [score]
user2       song3       [score]
user3       song1       [score]
user3       song2       [score]
user3       song3       [score]
user-n      song-n      [score]
=========== =========== =======

whats the most efficient way to calculate user similarity based on song-votes? is there a better way than iterating over every user and every vote for every song?

A: I recommend the book Programming Collective Intelligence from Toby Segaran. Chapter 3 describes different clustering methods like Hierarchical Clustering and K-means Clustering.
The source code for the examples is available here

A: If you want the most accurate results, then no, you'd have to iterate over everything.
If your database is large enough, you could just take a statistical sampling, say taking between 1,000 -10,000 users and matching against that.
You would also be better off to add some more tables to the database, store the results, and only update it every so often, instead of calculating this on the fly.

A: There are two common metrics that can be used to find similarities between users:

*

*Euclidean Distance, that is exactly what you are thinking: imagine a n-dimensional graph that has for each axis a song that is reviewed by two involved users (u1 and *u2) and the value on its axis is the score. You can easily calculate similarity using the formula:
for every song reviewed by u1 and u2, calculate pow(u1.song.score - u2.song.score, 2) and add all together into sum_of_powers. Similarity coefficient is then given by 1 / 1 + (sqrt(sum_of_powers)).

*Pearson Correlation (or correlation coefficient): it's a better approach that finds how much two data sets are related one with another. This approach uses more complex formulas and a little of statistics background, check it here: wiki. You will have a graph for every couple of users, then you plot points according to scores.. for example if aSong has been voted 2 from u1 and 4 from u2 it will plot the point (2,4) (assuming that user1 is x-axis and u2 is y-axis).
Just to clarify, you use linear regression to find two coefficients A and B, that describe the line that minimizes the distance from all the points of the graph. This line has this formula:y = Ax + B. If two sets are similar points should be near to the main diagonal so A should tend to 1 while B to 0. Don't assume this explaination as complete or as a reference because it lacks soundness and typical math formalism, it just to give you an idea.
EDIT:
like written by others, more complex algorithms to cluster data exist, like k-means but I suggest you to start from easy ones (actually you should need something more difficult just when you realize that results are not enough).

A: Ilya Grigorik did a series on recommendation algorithms, though he was focusing on Ruby.  It appears to be under the machine learning section in his archives, but there isn't a direct section link.

A: I think a lot of people on here are missing the simplicity of the question. He didn't say anything about creating a rating prediction system. He just wants to compute the similarity between each user's song rating behavior and each other user's song rating behavior. The Pearson correlation coefficient gives exactly that. Yes, you must iterate over every user/user pair.
EDIT:
After thinking about this a little more:
Pearson is great if you want the similarity between two users' tastes, but not their level of "opinionatedness"... one user who rates a series of songs 4, 5, and 6 will correlate perfectly with another user who rates the same songs 3, 6, and 9. In other words, they have the same "taste" (they would rank the songs in the same order), but the second user is much more opinionated. In other other words, the correlation coefficient treats any two rating vectors with a linear relationship as equal.
However, if you want the similarity between the actual ratings the users gave each song, you should use the root mean squared error between the two rating vectors. This is a purely distance based metric (linear relationships do not play into the similarity score), so the 4,5,6 and 3,6,9 users would not have a perfect similarity score.
The decision comes down to what you mean by "similar"...
That is all.

A: If you want to do it in a approximate way without visiting all the records, you can use the Jaccard Coefficient. Probably needs some adaptation if you want to consider the scores. But I guess that's the best solutions if your system is too big and you don't have the time to check all the records.

A: You should be able to find a good algorithm in this book: The Algorithm Design Manual by Steven Skiena.
The book has a whole bunch of algorithms for various purposes.  You want a graph clustering algorithm, I think.  I don't have my copy of the book handy, so I can't look it up for you.
A quick Google search found a Wikipedia page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis  Perhaps that will help, but I think the book explains algorithms more clearly.


text:
package com.install.wallapopcomics.model.response;

import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;

import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;

public class Thumbnail implements Parcelable {

    @SerializedName("path")
    @Expose
    private String path;
    @SerializedName("extension")
    @Expose
    private String extension;

    /**
     * @return The path
     */
    public String getPath() {
        return path;
    }

    /**
     * @return The extension
     */
    public String getExtension() {
        return extension;
    }

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(this.path);
        dest.writeString(this.extension);
    }

    public Thumbnail() {
    }

    protected Thumbnail(Parcel in) {
        this.path = in.readString();
        this.extension = in.readString();
    }

    public static final Creator<Thumbnail> CREATOR = new Creator<Thumbnail>() {
        @Override
        public Thumbnail createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            return new Thumbnail(source);
        }

        @Override
        public Thumbnail[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Thumbnail[size];
        }
    };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
(-) 050 - National Defense (14)
(-) Senate Committee on Appropriations (3)
S. 1618, Enhanced Security Clearance Act of 2014
As ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on July 30, 2014
H.R. 4007, Protecting and Securing Chemical Facilities from Terrorist Attacks Act of 2014
S. 2521, Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014
S. 2519, National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center Act of 2014
S. 2648, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2014
As introduced in the Senate on July 23, 2014
S. 2354, DHS Cybersecurity Workforce Recruitment and Retention Act of 2014
S. 675, Never Contract With the Enemy Act
H.R. 3361, USA FREEDOM Act
As ordered reported by the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on May 8, 2014
H.R. 3381, Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014
As ordered reported by the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence on November 21, 2013
Senate Amendment No. 1974 to H.J. Res. 59, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014
CBO estimate of Senate Amendment No. 1974 to H.J. Res. 59, the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014


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text:
Discover The City
This fast-paced, dynamic location is traditionally home to companies operating in the banking, insurance, legal and IT sectors. It is also popular with companies in the professional support arena including recruitment and management consultancies. The City is also home to over 500 national and international banks.
Why Choose Virtual Offices in the City?
The City is undoubtedly international melting pot that drives London and the rest of the country. A LEO City virtual office provides you and your business in a world-renowned business address.
The City of London is roughly bordered by Liverpool Street station (Central, Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines) including access to the National Rail network, Bank station (Central, Northern and Waterloo & City lines), Tower Hill (Circle and District lines), Blackfriars (Circle and District lines) including access to the National Rail network and Barbican station (Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines).
Virtual Offices in the City of London
Octagon Point


A master class by renowned clarinetist Karl Leister is one of many live web casts of concerts and master classes available from the Northwestern University School of Music. Presented live via streaming video on April 23, 2007, the program includes students from the College of Music performing Brahms' Sonata in f minor, Schumann's Fantasy Pieces, and Mozart's Trio, concluding with the Brahms' Quintet. Both live audience members and Internet viewers were able to direct their questions to Karl Leister throughout the three-hour master class. The video requires Quick Time 7 software, available on the Pick Staiger Concert Hall web site for downloading at no charge.
In this performance at Grand Valley State University in 2006, Michael Lowenstern plays his virtuosic arrangement of the Gershwin classic "Summertime." This is probably different than any other version of the tune you've heard, with creative use of extended techniques such as multiphonics and slap tonguing.
A video of British jazz clarinetist Acker Bilk (b. 1929) performing his "Stranger on the Shore" has already accumulated an incredible 100,000 views. Though probably unfamiliar to many younger clarinetists, Bilk's "Stranger on the Shore" reached number one on the U.S. Billboard charts in 1962 -- the first British single ever to achieve that feat. Used as the theme for a BBC TV drama of the same name, this memorable tune features Bilk's distinctive chalumeau sound and lyrical style. According to his website, Acker Bilk attributes his unique clarinet sound to having "lost two front teeth in a school punch-up, and half a finger in a sledging accident." Bilk continues to perform regularly, bringing his sound to a new generation of listeners.
Amongst a sea of amateur videos of adolescent instrumentalists on YouTube, one particular video of a young clarinetist has caught the attention of many. Video footage of Julian Bliss, on the cusp of his twelfth birthday, captures his agility and virtuosity in an astounding performance of André Messager's Solo de Concours with pianist Ashley Wass. The young British clarinetist wows an audience of over 40,000 during a concert in honor of the Queen at Buckingham Palace on June 1, 2002. Performing from memory, Bliss playfully opens the first theme with a confidence normally associated with the more seasoned player. His charismatic stage presence and technical prowess are apparent throughout the performance. In the years since this performance, Bliss has achieved international acclaim as a soloist while continuing his studies with Sabine Meyer and attending the Royal College of Music in London.
This video presents a 21st-century musical scene where music, virtuosic playing, corporal expression, and computerized technology become one. With all elements beautifully orchestrated, one sees, hears, and experiences the Clarinet Concerto (Peacock Tales) by Swedish composer Anders Hillborg. Adding magic to this intense piece with his playing and nimble body movements, Martin Fröst leaves the viewer in awe.
Fröst's management released the video in tandem with a 2006 interview granted to the website Clariperu. The interview of the artist is in Spanish.
Eric Dolphy - "God Bless the Child"
This incredible 1961 video of Eric Dolphy is one of the few clarinet videos to accumulate over 100,000 views on YouTube so far.
Peruvian clarinetist Marco Mazzini, principal clarinetist of the Ostrava International Orchestra (Czech Republic), shares his knowledge of extended techniques in these instructional videos. Mazzini is an enthusiastic proponent of contemporary music, and has created these videos on glissando, slap-tongue, and circular breathing.
Mazzini begins his video on glissando technique by encouraging clarinetists to "coquetear con el clarinete" (literally, flirt with the clarinet). As he describes, an important step towards learning the glissando is to begin to play with the sound, experimenting with alternatives to a traditional concert tone. Mazzini then discusses the embouchure technique, finger technique, and practice recommendations for learning the glissando.
In this video, Mazzini explains the technique of slap-tongue. With ample demonstration and detailed explanation, this instructional video may prove helpful even to those who understand little Spanish.
In this short video, Mazzini introduces the technique of circular breathing. He demonstrates how a straw and water can be used to begin to practice the technique, and also demonstrates on the instrument.
This video from the British sketch comedy show That Mitchell and Webb Look depicts a magical green clarinet which, when played, causes people to reveal embarassing truths about themselves. Caution: contains adult humor!
This radio interview with Harold Wright from WGBH.org reveals some insights from one of America's most revered clarinetists. Interviewer Brian Bell speaks with Harold Wright several months before his death in 1993 on a wide range of topics, including air pressure, the life expectancy of a clarinet, reeds, the American school of clarinet playing, and the Boston Symphony. The 12-minute interview also includes an excerpt and discussion of a rare recording of a Boston Symphony clarinetist from 1904-1914 (we believe the name was "George Griset Grisez," but please correct us) performing the third movement of Weber's second concerto.
A "cache," in computer lingo, is a place where information is stored in one place for easy access. "Cache" can also refer to a treasure trove where valuable items are stored. Both of these meanings convey the inspiration behind our column in The Clarinet and this accompanying blog Clarinet Cache, in which we track clarinet-related media on the internet and collect it in one place. Here we have links to the material covered in each column and much more - we hope you'll visit often, comment, and send us your ideas for future posts and columns.
A "cache," in computer lingo, is a place where information is stored in one place for easy access. "Cache" can also refer to a treasure trove where valuable items are stored. Both of these meanings convey the inspiration behind our column in The Clarinet and this accompanying blog Clarinet Cache, in which we track clarinet-related media on the internet and collect it in one place.
In our print column (published quarterly), we investigate topics or specific websites in-depth. At the Clarinet Cache blog, we post electronic versions of these columns, and much more. We hope you'll visit often, comment, and send us your ideas for future posts and columns. Clarinet Cache is authored by Kellie Quijano and Rachel Yoder (http://www.rachelyoderclarinet.com).


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Home Media Polite Society Podcast Joins SAF Family; AMM-Con Now a SAF Project
Polite Society Podcast Joins SAF Family; AMM-Con Now a SAF Project
TTAG Contributor
From the Second Amendment Foundation:
The Second Amendment Foundation today announced that the popular "Polite Society Podcast" has joined the SAF family, and the annual Second Amendment media workshop, known as AMM –Con (for Alternative Mass Media Convention), is henceforth a "Project of SAF," according to Executive Vice President Alan M. Gottlieb.
Polite Society founder and host Paul Lathrop has joined SAF as Deputy Director of New Media, Gottlieb said. Lathrop will also be a contributing editor to TheGunMag.com, SAF's online daily news publication.
"This is really a tremendous opportunity for both SAF and the Polite Society Podcast," Gottlieb said. "The timing could not be better, and we're looking forward to accomplishing some remarkable things, not just in the days ahead, but far into the future."
Lathrop started the Police Society Podcast more than eight years ago as "The Politics and Guns Podcast." Over the next 18 months, he gradually added some co-hosts to improve the conversation and include some interviews to attract a larger audience. In 2014, the program was rebranded to "Polite Society Podcast," and it has remained for the past six years. Lathrop and his cast have covered several Gun Rights Policy Conferences live, and he is one of the founding members of the Self-Defense Radio Network.
"For almost nine years my passion has been advocating for Second Amendment rights," Lathrop said. "With this opportunity I can now work on making a difference all day long rather than when I have a spare hour or two. I am so very excited to come on board with an organization that I have always greatly respected and occasionally been able to work with. This really is a dream opportunity for me."
Now in its fourth year, the AMM-Con gun rights media workshop will continue as a SAF project in which, according to Gottlieb, individuals in Second Amendment media will learn about improving their efforts and message. He said one new feature will be The Daily Bullet, a daily 15-minute video that will highlight activists in the Second Amendment movement. There will also be a Weekly Bullet, an additional SAF podcast with a roundup of weekly news and views.
"We're about to enter a new realm for SAF," Gottlieb said. "We'll be even more active, taking on a greater leadership role than we've ever done before in the Second Amendment community. Fasten your seatbelts!"
The Second Amendment Foundation (www.saf.org) is the nation's oldest and largest tax-exempt education, research, publishing and legal action group focusing on the Constitutional right and heritage to privately own and possess firearms. Founded in 1974, The Foundation has grown to more than 650,000 members and supporters and conducts many programs designed to better inform the public about the consequences of gun control.
polite society podcast
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Debbie W. November 4, 2020 At 13:41
I'll be polite and once again state that Gun Control is rooted in racism and genocide. That fact makes Gun Control a racist and nazi based agenda. Since Gun Control is welcomed with open arms in the democRat Party that makes the democRat Party the racist and nazi party. What Filth.
Chris T in KY November 4, 2020 At 14:43
Over 400 years latter gun control is still racist.
"Wealthier whites get 90 percent of licenses in Illinois"
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/29/chicago-concealed-carry-gun-permit-law-disarms-poo/
Former democ-Rat Turned Republican After Taking The Red Pill! November 4, 2020 At 17:59
Funny how 'they' never teach you those truths in school. And now they are more than happy to let their blm/anti-fags destroy everything that deals with that history…what better way to keep oppressing the people, than to destroy all the evidence out there that pertains to their history, which exposes their "tricks of the trade" like gun control, to conveniently and successfully keep oppressing their constituents.
Blak Edwards January 14, 2021 At 14:55
I like this podcast. I love listening to something like that when I'm doing my homework. Thanks to this podcast, I learned much useful information that can help me in my studies.
Kelly March 25, 2021 At 08:28
It's really cool when I have the opportunity to work on changing something all day, not when I have an hour or two to spare. Thanks, great article! When I don't have enough time, I prefer to give an assignment such as writing an essay to experienced professionals – https://writemyessays.me/college-paper-writing-why-students-should-use-help-of-a-writing- service /.
Raiddo July 20, 2021 At 19:28
Cool that you wrote about it


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