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Pacific Crest Furniture
Price Agreements
DHS Furniture
Ergonomic Quick Ship
OCE PORTAL
General OCE Information
Who is OCE?
Oregon Corrections Enterprises is a semi-independent state agency which operates training programs for adults in custody (AICs) housed within Oregon prisons. OCE teaches marketable technical and soft skills, and it is committed to training AICs to successfully re-enter society. The skills attained help offenders obtain gainful employment, reducing the chances of the person returning to a criminal lifestyle. OCE works to develop second-chance employment relationships with public and private sector organizations.
OCE General Overview
How much does OCE cost taxpayers?
Oregon Corrections Enterprises is a self-funded, self-sustaining program. It receives no general fund allocations. Proceeds generated are reinvested into the agency to operate and expand training programs for as many adults in custody as possible. The programs are designed to teach current marketable work skills, including the soft skills preferred by most future employers.
Does OCE compete with the private sector?
State statute requires Oregon Corrections Enterprises to be self-sustaining and does not limit customer demographics. Some states require state government agencies to purchase from their own State Correctional Industries. While encouraged, Oregon does not have this requirement. This means Oregon Corrections Enterprises often competes with the private sector, although most of the competition is with private sector companies located outside of Oregon or the United States. Oregon Corrections Enterprises prefers not to compete with Oregon's private sector and, in fact, prefers to partner with the local private sector to create second-chance employment opportunities for those participating in the training programs.
How do I submit a public records request?
All public records requests must be in writing. Please complete the Public Records Request Form and click Submit to forward your request to OCE's Public Information Officer. You will receive an initial response within five business days. Please note: per ORS 192.502 (30), OCE records of a sensitive business nature may be redacted. OCE follows the Oregon Secretary of State Records Retention Schedules, so records before a certain date may not be available.
Adults in Custody
How effective is OCE when it comes to reducing recidivism?
Oregon Corrections Enterprises recidivism rate is 13% for an adult in custody who stays in our training program for at least six months. This means only 13% of the participants start a new incarceration cycle in the first three years after release. Similar to the rate experienced by Oregon Department of Corrections, this rate is one of the lowest in the country and rivals that of Norway's Corrections system, considered by some to be one of the most effective in the world.
How are adults in custody selected for the training program?
The adults in custody (AICs) fill out an application for the position in which they are interested. To be considered, AICs must be of good behavior, and also show a strong desire to turn their lives around by learning new skills. To participate in most programs, AICs are required to possess or be actively pursuing a GED. If the minimum qualifications are met, the applicants are interviewed to simulate a real-world environment. To enhance the experience, AICs receive regularly-scheduled performance reviews.
Reentry Training Programs
Some projects include installation services in the community. Do you provide security?
The Oregon Corrections Enterprises team is trained annually in current security methods and procedures. Staff members coordinate and are on site for every delivery and installation.
Who can purchase from OCE?
According to the Oregon Constitution, sales of goods and services produced by adults in custody is not restricted to any market demographic in Oregon. Oregon Corrections Enterprises customers are mostly city, county, and state government entities; non-profits; schools, from elementary to higher education; and tribal governments. In addition to those markets are public and private partnerships with an emphasis on partners who provide second-chance employment opportunities to participants.
What products and services does OCE offer?
The manufacturing training programs produce both standard and custom products. These products include office and lounge furniture; outdoor furnishings; and fleet equipment. Other programs include upholstery, printing, garments, embroidery, signs, and metal fabrication. The programs also provide training in computer-aided drafting and design (CADD) and computer-numeric controlled (CNC) programming. The service training programs include commercial laundry, contact centers, and digital design. Other services offered include office services, and general services, such as fulfillment. Partnerships bring additional training opportunities, such as analyzing websites (in an off-line environment) for compliance with ADA standards for the visually impaired.
Is OCE part of the new OregonBuys eProcurement system?
What is OregonBuys? Oregon is moving to a new web-based eProcurement system called OregonBuys. It is replacing the Oregon Procurement Information Network (ORPIN) and will be the statewide eProcurement solution for all state agencies. ORPIN replacement is scheduled for spring 2020, and the website is currently up and forward facing. The Procure-to-Pay functionality is scheduled to begin at the end of this biennium, June 30, 2021.
OregonBuys Welcome Page
How will they switch over? The OregonBuys project team will use a phased approach that will begin by replacing the Oregon Procurement Information Network (ORPIN) for all state agencies, Oregon Cooperative Procurement Program members (ORCPP), and vendors. The second phase will rollout additional procure-to-pay functionality (beyond ORPIN) for state agencies. After the completion of these two phases, additional procure-to-pay functionality will be made available to ORCPPs.
OregonBuys Project Page
Is Oregon Corrections Enterprises part of this change? Yes, OCE is registered with OregonBuys as a vendor and is working directly with the project team and the product vendor to bring OCE products to the new system as they move to eProcurement. OregonBuys plans to follow the DAS Buy Decision when returning product query results. State agencies are being phased into the system, and when OregonBuys is ready to launch eProcurement, OCE will have a host of products, images, prices, and descriptions available to our customers. For the time being, we are continuing our normal processes and ask our customers to reach out to us on our Contact Page, via email, by phone at 800-776-7712 or 503-428-5500, or by contacting an Inside Sales representative or Outside Sales manager.
DAS Buy DecisionOCE Contact PageEmail OCE Sales
Where do I find the current OCE Product Warranty? - Updated April 20, 2021
What does my warranty cover? Select a button below to view the current OCE warranty for each product type. Warranty information includes how to obtain services, contact information, exclusions, limits of liability, and more.
OCE Product WarrantyOCE Dorm Furniture WarrantyPrison Blues Guitar Warranty
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JR.NBA EVENTS
S.T.A.R VALUES
COACHES PROFILE
SKILLS & DRILLS
JR.NBA
KID REPORTERS
GAME RECAP
SELECT COUNTRY: (CURRENT: PHILIPPINES)
INDONESIA MALAYSIA
PHILIPPINES SINGAPORE
THAILAND VIETNAM
CHINA INDIA
The Jr. NBA is the official youth basketball participation program of the NBA. The Jr. NBA includes a free, membership-based program for existing youth basketball leagues/organizations. The membership is to help encourage and support youth basketball participation and improve the overall youth basketball experience. The Jr. NBA aims to develop a lifelong passion for the game of basketball in boys and girls by teaching them the fundamentals of the sport while instilling core values including teamwork, respect and sportsmanship.
The Jr. NBA Philosophy is to share the game of basketball with youth across the world by teaching skills, values, and wellness in a positive and fun environment. The Jr. NBA's holistic approach is intended to strengthen the culture of youth basketball, teach life lessons, and empower youth to live a full and healthy life. The Jr. NBA believes this philosophy leads to developing complete and well-rounded basketball players and individuals.
The Jr. NBA philosophy manifests itself in our training through the ABCD's of the Jr. NBA. The ABCD's of the Jr. NBA are the foundation of the training and define what the Jr. NBA stands for. Each element of the ABCD's of the Jr. NBA is equally important and works with the other components to develop well-rounded basketball players and people. Please see below for the ABCD's of the Jr. NBA.
ALWAYS FUN
We love the game of basketball because at its core, it's FUN! Basketball should be fun at every level, and as Jr. NBA players make progress in their development, their understanding of fun also evolves. So whether it's encouraging a firsttime player as she learns to dribble, or helping a young boy set goals, the game should always be oriented around fun. Fun is always a part of the Jr. NBA training.
Building basketball skills is an essential part of learning the game. The Jr. NBA recognizes that skill development is a process that is especially important to youth players. The Jr. NBA uses a skill progression checklist that helps players advance through developmental levels.
As Jr. NBA players master skills and advance in the training, skill categories grow more advanced. This approach helps Jr. NBA players to continually develop and enjoy the positive reinforcement of mastering new skills!
CULTIVATING VALUES
The game of basketball provides everyone involved the opportunity to learn countless life lessons. The lessons learned in the Jr. NBA training will be with our players for a lifetime. Therefore, the Jr. NBA makes it a priority to cultivate these core values throughout all programming.
A key tenet of the Jr. NBA philosophy is to incorporate a character-building messages into every practice. Values are also taught in unscripted situations, and we encourage our coaches to embrace those opportunities as well. The Jr. NBA character lessons will undoubtedly go beyond the court and help youth players in other areas of their lives.
DEVELOPING WELLNESS
One of the best parts of the game of basketball is that it promotes wellness across many dimensions of life. The Jr. NBA wants to address, educate, and encourage young players to be healthy in each of these areas.
The Jr. NBA believes that developing as a complete person is more important than developing just as a basketball player. Whether it is understanding more about nutrition or learning time management skills, themes of wellness will be applied throughout the training.
The Jr. NBA Pathway has been developed to help players, parents, coaches, and organizations better understand the process of improvement.
The Jr. NBA pathway is a developmentally-based progression that depends on players mastering new skills before advancing to the next level. The Jr. NBA Development Pathway is not based on a player's age, but rather his or her proficiency at key skills.
The Jr. NBA Pathway is divided into four levels.
The Jr. NBA Pathway consists of four levels. At each level, there will be unique methods, messages, skills, and drills that incorporate and teach the ABCD's of the Jr. NBA.
Coaching The Jr. NBA Pathway
he Jr. NBA training comes to life in the pathway via a series of 12 practice plans at each of the four levels. The pathway has been developed so that players and coaches learn and teach the game in a natural, long-term progression. Each level will have a skill checklist that identifies specific skills that players must learn and develop before advancing to more challenging skills and drills in the next level. The skills are taught at particular levels not only based on physical ability, but also where the players are cognitively.
WHAT LEVEL IS APPROPRIATE?
If you aren't sure where a player/team fits in the pathway, you must first assess them to understand their strengths and weaknesses.
After assessing the players you can identify how to help each player/team, determine where in the pathway (via the skill checklist) the player/team fits, and develop a plan and a goal for the player's/team's development.
Understand that it could take years to see players/teams comfortably progress through skills at each level. Challenge the player/team while maintaining patience when deciding to introduce new skills, drills, and concepts from the next level of the pathway.
Note that the practice plans in this training serve as sample progressions. Based on your player's/team's strengths and weaknesses, number of practices, frequency of practice, and the length of the season, your practice plans may progress differently.
One very important part of practice for coaches is the transition from drill to drill. Many drills should flow seamlessly from one to the next, however if you need time to prepare for the next drill, there are numerous transitions that can be executed. One example we encourage coaches to utilize is having the players take 1 walking lap around the court. Upon their return, the players and coaches are ready for the next drill.
We do not specify where in practice you should take water breaks. We feel that coaches can best understand the player's needs in the moment and can fully determine when to allow water. At the same time, we encourage regular water breaks to ensure players stay hydrated.
FREETHROWS
Our practice plans rarely dictate when a player/team should shoot free throws. Again, we feel that coaches can assume the role of decision-maker and add free throws when they feel it is appropriate.
NBA PLAYERS STILL PRACTICE
Remember, coaching a player/team in the MVP level does not mean you shouldn't work on the skills taught in the Rookie level. Our model allows you to teach advanced skills, drills, and concepts when appropriate while never overlooking the fundamentals of the game that must be maintained. For example, form shooting is introduced in the Rookie level, but it is also a drill that more advanced players (including NBA players) continue to perform.
NBA & USA BASKETBALL YOUTH GUIDELINES
The NBA and USA Basketball have partnered to develop guidelines designed to promote a positive and healthy youth basketball experience. These guidelines prioritize the health and well-being of young athletes while enhancing enjoyment, participation, and development in the game. Please see the guidelines that follow.
RECOMMENDED PARTICIPATION GUIDELINES
GAME LENGTH
GAME PER WEEK
PRACTICE LENGTH
# OF PRACTICES
Ages 7-8 20-28 minutes 1 30-60 minutes 1
Ages 9-11 24-32 minutes 1 to 2 45-75 minutes 2
Ages 12-14 28-32 minutes 2 60-90 minutes 2 to 4
Grades 9-12 32-36 minutes 2 to 3 90-120 minutes 3 to 4
MAXIMUM PARTICIPATION GUIDELINES
# OF GAMES/DAY
# OF HOURS PER WEEK IN
ORGANIZED BASKETBALL
Ages 7-8 1 1 hours
Ages 9-11 2* 5 hours
Ages 12-14 2* 10 hours**
Grades 9-12 2* 14 hours**
The maximum participation guidelines outlined above are intended to serve as limits on a young athlete's participation in organized basketball. It is possible that participation in organized basketball within the maximum limits but in excess of the recommendations is also not advisable from a health and wellness standpoint; however, this issue requires further study.
* Youth basketball players, parents and coaches should demonstrate caution in scheduling or participating in more than one game per day, especially on consecutive days. If young athletes participate in an event or tournament in which more than one game is played per day on consecutive days, players should have additional time off from sports activities following the event to allow for recovery.
** It is recommended that young athletes in these age ranges who are approaching these maximum hour limits not participate in another organized sport concurrently.
REST GUIDELINES
MIN. # OF REST DAYS PER WEEK
MAX. MONTHS PER YEAR IN ORGANIZED BASKETBALL
RECOMMENDED HOURS OF SLEEP PER NIGHT
Ages 7-8 2 4 months 9-12 hours
Ages 9-11 2 5 months 9-12 hours
Ages 12-14 1 7 months 8-10 hours*
Grades 9-12 1 9-10 months 8-10 hours
* For 12 year olds, 9-12 hours of sleep is recommended
THE NBA RECOMMENDS
Playing multiple sports helps kids make new friends and develop new skills. Medical and scientific experts recommend early sports sampling and delaying single-sport specialization until mid to late adolescence. Playing multiple sports should not be viewed as falling behind, but rather as building the foundation for future success. Research shows that early sport specialization is NOT necessary to produce elite-level performance.
Sports sampling, which is characterized by participation in multiple sports during childhood, provides a young athlete the chance to find a sport that may ultimately fit him or her best. There are several demonstrated benefits of sports sampling:
Prolonged engagement in sports
More enjoyable and positive early sports experiences
Healthy physical, psychological, and social development
Transfer of skill acquired from multiple sports to primary sport if specialization occurs
Current research does not support the view that early singlesport specialization is either necessary or sufficient to produce elite performance at advanced levels of competition. In fact, early single-sport specialization in basketball and other team sports may be detrimental to long-term elite performance.
Athletes that reach the highest level of achievement have been shown to be more likely to have played multiple sports at a young age compared to athletes that reach relatively lower levels of achievement. With respect to basketball and other similar ball sports, world-class athletes often delayed single-sport specialization until age 16 or later.
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Trump reportedly plans to campaign AGAINST Jeff Sessions as he tries to unseat Doug Jones in Alabama Senate race
Trump Investigations
Historic Win For Progressives as Boy Scouts Lift 103-Year-Old Ban on Gay Youth.
Governor Perry and Texan Republicans Hypocritically Demand Federal Aid After Plant Explosion.
Due to Weak American Gun Control Laws, Al Queda Leaders Urge Terrorists to Buy American Guns.
Costco Pays Well and Soars, While Wal-Mart and Others Pay Peanuts and Sink.
New Study Finds That Supporters of Reaganomics Hate Science.
Colin Taylor is the editor-in-chief of Occupy Democrats. He graduated…
Trump erupts on wild ten-tweet spree: "We don't have freedom of the press!"
Disgraced ex-Attorney General Jeff Sessions is reportedly set to announce he will be challenging Democrat Doug Jones for his old job as Alabama Senator, but he hasn't even formally declared and has already run into a major obstacle.
There are few forces in the world as powerful as President Donald Trump's obsessive urge to exact revenge against those that have crossed him, and it appears that Sessions' decision to recuse himself from the Trump-Russia investigation was enough of a perceived betrayal that its consequences will follow him to his next endeavor as Trump prepares to campaign against a senior member of his own party.
Jeff Sessions intends to announce this week his bid to reclaim his old U.S. Senate seat and It has been made clear to Sessions that Trump intends to campaign against him in support of Roy Moore. https://t.co/iLKdH0Fj5H
— Amee Vanderpool (@girlsreallyrule) November 6, 2019
Add your name to tell Congress to investigate Pence for his role in Trump's Ukraine corruption. The VP is complicit!
The president appointed Sessions to our nation's top legal job with the expectation that he would abuse his power to protect Trump from any investigations or legal ramifications for his shady 2016 election campaign and any crimes or misdemeanors he might end up committing in the future, which is why Trump has never forgiven Sessions for recusing himself after it was discovered Sessions had been holding secret meetings with the Russian ambassador.
It goes without saying that there is a high possibility that it will be both extremely funny and politically productive for us to have Trump try to tank the campaign of Jeff Sessions. We're going to need it; Sessions is somehow still extremely popular in Alabama and vulnerable incumbent Doug Jones only managed to beat accused pedophile Roy Moore by just 1.7% of the vote.
But if President Trump wants to drag his entire party down with him, by all means, have at it.
Join millions calling for AG Barr to resign after he defied his constitutional obligations in order to protect Trump!
Colin Taylor is the editor-in-chief of Occupy Democrats. He graduated from Bennington College with a Bachelor's degree in history and political science. He now focuses on advancing the cause of social justice and equality in America.
Colin Taylor November 6, 2019
Trump lashes out at "stone cold losers" at Washington Post in furious outburst over new book
Lev Parnas' team demands Trump toady AG Bill Barr recuse himself from his trial
Trump uses MLK Day to celebrate his inauguration in delusional Twitter brag
Occupy Democrats
Occupy Democrats is a political organization and information website that provides a new counterbalance to the Republican Tea Party.
© 2019 Occupy Democrats. All Rights Reserved.


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Home/The Grand Tour/Five Things To Look Forward To With The Grand Tour Season 2
Five Things To Look Forward To With The Grand Tour Season 2
Tony HsiehDecember 5, 2017
This is it, folks. We are in the final stretch of a long wait since the end of Season One, and our patience will be rewarded in just three days! Yes, in three days, the boys will be back on our screens with their usual shenanigans, and some laughter will return to a world that sorely needs it.
As we wait for the final three days to pass, let's take a look at five things to look forward to in Season 2;
Richard's Accidents
It seems that most of the news coming out of the making of season 2 has been centered around the various maladies that afflicted our hosts. The centerpiece of this, of course, is Richard Hammond who took part in not one, but two serious accidents. The first occurred in Mozambique, and the second took place during a hill climb in Switzerland.
As gruesome as it may be, we'll finally be able to watch these events unfold on our TV screens.
New Driver
Ok, so the experiment with The American didn't work out. Most of us felt that during the season, and it seems the boys recognized that as well. As it stands, The American will not be making his return in season 2, where instead we will be seeing a new driver.
Not much is known about the new driver except the fact that she will be a female. We won't have too much longer to wait until we find out who it is!
New Celebrity Guest Segment
Celebrity Brain Crash was funny for about two episodes before it became clear that it would be repeated all season long. Thank goodness the boys recognized that it would be a bad idea to repeat the same thing for season 2.
it looks like the boys will be returning to what worked in the past by putting celebrities in a car and asking them to go around a track. Of course, "car" might be a bit of a loose term since this season, it will only be half of an Alfa Romeo. A Half-a-Romeo, if you will.
Crazy New Builds
Last season we saw some wonderful creations such as The Excellent and James' Poop-mobile. I can only imagine what monstrosities the boys will come up with this time around. Whatever they create is usually pretty funny, but let's not make it too obvious that they're trying to go the funny route. Less is often more.
More Two Part Specials?
Some of my all-time favorite episodes of Top Gear have been the specials such as Vietnam and Bolivia. That continued with The Grand Tour as the two-part Namibia special was one of the highlights of the season. It would be silly not to follow that up with another epic two-parter in season 2.
What are you looking forward to seeing? Let us know in the comments!
Grab our latest apparel here, and connect with us on Facebook!
Cars, the Buffalo Bills, video games, comics, sandwiches, jelly beans, and the shooting star press; these are the things that Tony loves (in addition to his family, of course). When he's not spending his time writing tech reviews for theslanted.com, Tony puts his lifetime love of muscle cars to use on his 2015 Mustang GT. Tony's top three favorite cars are the 1973 Mustang Mach 1, Ferrari 458, and Aston Martin DBS.
Elon Musk Is Launching His Own Car Into Space
An Episode Of The Grand Tour Season 2 Is Going To Be Completely Unscripted
Clarkson's Farm: Kaleb Cooper Teases Next Series Of Jeremy Clarkson's Farming Show
Manhart RQ 900 – The World's Most Powerful Audi RS Q8
Audi Driver Learns the Hard Way That Quattro Doesn't Work Underwater
Jeremy Clarkson Is Trademarking Catchphrases For New Products After Clarkson's Farm Success


The strength and beauty of oak are also evoked in Alan Sonfist's Gene Bank, currently on display as part of "Botanical Relations" at the University of Arizona Museum of Art. Gene Bank is comprised of a 6×6 grid of photographs, below which a wooden box/shelf is mounted. On the shelf are 26 glass jars filled with twigs, oak leaves, and acorns, and each capped with muslin and a small paper tag. The photographs above show a stand of trees, presumably viewed from a nearby clearing. While Hepburn imagined oak life as singular and dignified, Gene Bank shows life in the Quercus genus to be disjointed yet communal.
"Gene Bank." Alan Sonfist. 1973. Photo by Dani Stuchel.
To look at Sonfist's piece, you must crane your neck up towards the canopy and then draw it back down to the jars, as though you were studying a tree from its smallest top leaves to its root flare. Upon closer inspection, it becomes apparent that each photograph contains a little bit of the one above it and below it. Along the vertical axis, the photos are almost the sort one expects for a composite image – each contains a little more than it must and shares its identity with the others. The opposite problem emerges along the horizontal axis. Looking left to right, the images fail to match up: branches go missing and bright green foliage forms a hard line against blue sky. In trying to scan the images, a feeling of stuttering or stammering emerges and – for me at least – aggravates the eyes, prompting slower study. Plants and photographs are kin in their indeterminacy and repetition.
Detail from "Gene Bank." Alan Sonfist. 1973. Photo by Dani Stuchel.
Bending my neck down, I look at the plant matter which as 'accumulated' below the prints. I am reminded of gravity pulling dead leaves and broken tree limbs towards the soil. Could these be coffins, or scopes into the dirt? I begin to look upward again and the stuttering images take on the rhythm of climbing through the branches – and then falling back through them – with a constant stop/start movement. Between the photos and jars is a blank middle space. Michael Marder associates plants with middle space, with being between and in contact with other beings – yet without being 'the center.' The middle is where decaying matter becomes nutrient, and where sunlight becomes resource for mycorrhizae and soil organisms. Never attracting the eye, but never inactive in the visual field, this middle space is almost critical to the work.
Naming the piece Gene Bank, Sonfist clearly evokes herbaria, seed banks, germplasm stocks and other caches designed to "help future generations reconstruct" an idea of nature. Since the 19th century, gene banks (and their pre-genetic science predecessors) have often aimed to collect almost-extinct wildness and hold it in reserve for the day when civilization gets its comeuppance and requires an infusion of authenticity. Rather than valuing lifeforms in the present, gene banks build up an abstract, precarious, potential value for a person, plant, fungus, microbe. Practices of collection and retention are created in response to imagined precarity. In other words, relations in a gene bank are between a creature which must be in peril to be of valuable and a second creature who acquires the first in a doomed attempt to forestall its own peril. Such was the logic of the Human Genome Diversity Project, which collected biological samples from indigenous peoples throughout the mid-20th century. HGDP researchers – functioning under what Kim TallBear calls the 'vanishing indigene' myth – presumed that indigenous peoples were almost extinct and would not survive into the future, but could provide genetic resources for non-indigenous future generations. Thus, the HGDP worked not only to create a good future for some, but actively refused the possibility of a future for others while turning those others into a bankable resource. When thinking of gene banks, it is good to ask: Whose future is saved here? Whose death is promised?
Sonfist's piece is not entirely divorced from this logic of precarity, but it is noticeably different from gene banks of the typical sort. As I look at the plant matter in the jars, I see acorn tops – a hint to seeds without the lifeforms themselves. I see crumbling leaves and sticks which look like they might be colonized by fungus or other micro-life. The tags on the jars are tucked away so you cannot read them. This does not seem like the plant matter or information one might need for saving a species. Loose muslin coverings on the jars lead me to wonder what this room might smell or sound like if the leaves and branches were scattered on the floor. Meanwhile, the photographs above the jars would never suffice for studying the detailed plant structures over which botanists obsess. But the photos are perfect for imagining standing in the clearing and taking in the view. Gene Bank brings forward thoughts of experiencing a forest more than a desire to catalog and keep its biological data. Perhaps the genes to which Sonfist alludes are a metaphor for repeated aesthetic motifs of forest, or the repetitive movement of animal bodies as we look and move up and down through the trees. While Sonfist hopes gene banks can reconstruct the forests in the literal sense of saving species, his artwork points to a need to remember the impressions the forest makes on us.
The phrase "gene bank" – in contemporary Englishes – pulls on the ubiquitous meaning of 'bank' as a place where funds are stored and managed. Another meaning we might look to is found in the term "snow bank" – a contingent amassing of snow, brought together by wind or mechanical forces. A bank is an impediment to movement or at times a shelter. In "Botanical Relations," Gene Bank stops the viewer and pushes them into a visual heap of plant matters to be considered.
"Botanical Relations," curated by Joela Jacobs, Ursula Schuch, and Olivia Miller, is open through March 31, 2019.
Marder, Michael. Plant Thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013.
Radin, Joanna. 2013. "Latent Life: Concepts and Practices of Human Tissue Preservation in the International Biological Program." Social Studies of Science 43 (4):484–508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312713476131.
Alan Sonfist. "Gene Bank" (1973). Purchased from the artist by UAMA, 1995.
TallBear, Kim. 2015. "Genomic Articulations of Indigeneity." In Native Studies Keywords, edited by Stephanie Nohelani Teves, Andrea Smith, and Michelle H. Raheja, 130–55. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.


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\section*{Introduction}

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which consist of three or more aromatic rings, are molecules made of carbon and hydrogen atoms only. While some PAHs possess non-radical (i.e.,
closed-shell) character, many others can exhibit radical (i.e., open-shell or multi-reference) character due to the delocalized nature of $\pi$-electrons. PAHs with multi-reference ground states, which
belong to strongly correlated systems, have been actively studied, owing to their attractive properties and applications \cite{OS1,OS2,OS4,OS6,OS7,OS8,OS9,OS10,OS11,OS12,OS13}.

In particular, alternant PAHs, which are PAHs constituted only of six-membered rings, are planar molecules. Consequently, alternant PAHs have been frequently taken as finite-size models of
hydrogen-passivated graphene nanoribbons and nanoflakes. Experimentally, in spite of the promising properties of alternant PAHs, their instability is a commonly encountered problem. Because of
their high reactivity, alternant PAHs with substantial radical character are usually short-lived. Methods for stabilization are necessary for their practical use. Theoretically, due to the multi-reference
character of ground-state wavefunctions, alternant PAHs with significant radical character cannot be adequately described by conventional electronic structure methods \cite{GNR_new1,Acene-Carter,
HM,FG2,FG3,Acene-DMRG,Acene-Jiang,NOON1,TAO-DFT,GNRs-DMRG,GNRs-PHF,GNRs-MRAQCC,TAO-GGA,GNRs-MRAQCC2,GNRs-TAO,n-PP,PC5,PC6,PC7}, including the very popular
Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) \cite{KS-DFT2} with commonly used semilocal \cite{PBE}, hybrid \cite{hybrid,LCHirao,wB97X,wB97X-D,wM05-D,LC-D3}, and
double-hybrid \cite{B2PLYP,wB97X-2,PBE0-2,SCAN0-2} density functionals.

High-level {\it ab initio} multi-reference methods \cite{Acene-DMRG,GNRs-DMRG,GNRs-MRAQCC,GNRs-MRAQCC2,2-RDM,NOON1,multi-reference} are typically required to accurately describe
the electronic properties of alternant PAHs with pronounced radical character, and their radical character may be examined from the analysis of the natural orbital occupation numbers (NOONs) [i.e.,
the eigenvalues of one-electron reduced density matrix] \cite{NOON,NOON1,NOON2,Acene-DMRG,GNRs-DMRG,GNRs-MRAQCC,GNRs-MRAQCC2}. For a molecule with a singlet ground state,
if some of the NOONs deviate strongly from the closed-shell values of two/zero, the molecule exhibits pronounced radical character (e.g., diradical, tetraradical, or higher-order radical character).
On the other hand, if all the NOONs are close to the closed-shell values of two/zero, the molecule has non-radical character.

\Cref{example} shows three alternant PAHs: hexacene, superbenzene, and triangulene, all of which consist of six aromatic rings. To assess their radical character, Pelzer \emph{et al.} \cite{NOON1}
calculated the occupation numbers of the highest occupied ($n_\text{HONO}$) and lowest unoccupied ($n_\text{LUNO}$) natural orbitals for the lowest singlet states of these molecules, using the
active-space variational two-electron reduced-density-matrix (RDM-CASSCF) method \cite{2-RDM}. Their results revealed that triangulene ($n_\text{HONO}=1.095$ and $n_\text{LUNO}=0.916$)
exhibits strong radical character, hexacene possesses partial radical character ($n_\text{HONO}=1.542$ and $n_\text{LUNO}=0.472$), and superbenzene ($n_\text{HONO}=1.818$ and
$n_\text{LUNO}=0.204$) has a stable singlet ground state. As these molecules all contain six aromatic rings, it seems plausible that the geometrical arrangements of aromatic rings may be
responsible for the radical character of alternant PAHs. Arguments in support of this are also available in several studies \cite{2-RDM,Acene-DMRG,GNRs-DMRG,GNRs-PHF,GNRs-MRAQCC,
GNRs-MRAQCC2,GNRs-TAO,PC5,PC6,PC7}. However, owing to the prohibitively high cost of accurate multi-reference calculations, there have been very few studies on large alternant PAHs (e.g.,
containing up to a few thousand electrons).

In order to extend the investigation to include large alternant PAHs, an efficient electronic structure method for the study of large ground-state systems with strong static correlation effects should be
adopted. Recently, we have developed thermally-assisted-occupation density functional theory (TAO-DFT) \cite{TAO-DFT,TAO-GGA}, which can be an ideal electronic structure method for the study
of large alternant PAHs \cite{GNRs-TAO}. Besides, the orbital occupation numbers from TAO-DFT, which are intended to simulate the NOONs, could provide information useful in assessing the possible
radical character of alternant PAHs.

In this work, we first show that the orbital occupation numbers from TAO-DFT are qualitatively similar to the NOONs from RDM-CASSCF on a set of small alternant PAHs. Next, the orbital occupation
numbers from TAO-DFT are adopted to examine the radical character of large alternant PAHs. In addition, we also propose a simple model based on the extended Clar's rule to qualitatively describe
the radical character of alternant PAHs (i.e., without performing electronic structure calculations), which is especially desirable for very large alternant PAHs. From this simple model, we can easily
illustrate how the geometrical arrangements of aromatic rings are responsible for the radical character of the alternant PAHs with the same number of aromatic rings.

\section*{Simple Model Based on the Extended Clar's Rule}

The bonding patterns in benzene can be understood by the resonance between the two Kekul\'{e} structures of benzene \cite{Kekule}. The superposition of these two structures, Clar's aromatic
sextet \cite{Clar1}, can be interpreted as six $\pi$-electrons moving all around the aromatic ring. For alternant PAHs, more than two Kekul\'{e} structures may, however, be needed to describe the
resonance. Clar's rule states that the Kekul\'{e} structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic sextets (i.e., benzene-like moieties), the Clar structure, is the most important structure for the
characterization of the properties of PAHs \cite{Clar1,Clar2,Clar5,Clar6}. However, the studies of Kekul\'{e} structures alone cannot adequately describe open-shell singlet states.
Therefore, recent studies have extended Clar's rule to include the non-Kekel\'{e} structures (e.g., the structures with unpaired $\pi$-electrons) \cite{NK1,NK2,NK3}. Accordingly, to describe the
resonance in alternant PAHs, all the Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures can be adopted (see \Cref{resonance}). For alternant PAHs with strong radical character, the non-Kekel\'{e} structures are
expected to be essential.

Nevertheless, in the extended Clar's rule, the relationship between the non-Kekul\'{e} structures and radical character of alternant PAHs remains unclear. In previous studies, it has been suggested
that the analysis of the radical character of alternant PAHs could be focused solely on the energy balance between the break of a covalent bond and aromatic stabilization \cite{NK1,NK2,NK3}. In
other words, only the energies of the Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures have been previously considered. In this work, we highlight the importance of the degeneracies of the Kekul\'{e} and
non-Kekul\'{e} structures in the radical character of alternant PAHs.

Here we propose a simple model to qualitatively describe the radical character of alternant PAHs.
To start with, we define the standard structure of molecule $\alpha$ as the structure:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Which has no aromatic sextet
\item Whose $\pi$-electrons pair with their nearest neighbors to form carbon-carbon (C-C) double bonds, yielding the least number of unpaired $\pi$-electrons.
\end{enumerate}
\Cref{fig:S1} illustrates the standard structures of (a) hexacene, (b) superbenzene, and (c) triangulene.
Unlike hexacene and superbenzene, there are two unpaired $\pi$-electrons in the standard structure of triangulene, owing to the peculiar geometry of triangulene.

Next, we assign the energies of the structures of molecule $\alpha$. The energy of the standard structure is assigned as $E_{\alpha}$ (kJ/mol).
As it has been reported that the aromatic stabilization energy of benzene is about 90 kJ/mol \cite{DE2}, and the C-C $\pi$-bonding energy is about 272 kJ/mol \cite{pi_bonding},
the energy of the structure with one extra aromatic sextet is assigned as $E_{\alpha} - 90$ (kJ/mol),
the energy of the structure with two extra aromatic sextets is assigned as $E_{\alpha} - 90 \times 2$ (kJ/mol), and so on, while
the energy of the structure with two extra unpaired $\pi$-electrons is assigned as $E_{\alpha} + 272$ (kJ/mol),
the energy of the structure with four extra unpaired $\pi$-electrons is assigned as $E_{\alpha} + 272 \times 2$ (kJ/mol), and so on.
By counting the number of extra aromatic sextets and the number of extra unpaired $\pi$-electrons in a structure, the energy of the structure can be assigned.
For brevity, the structures with the lowest, second lowest, and third lowest energies are referred as the most important, second most important, and third most important structures, respectively.

In addition, we count the degeneracies of the structures of molecule $\alpha$.
Note that the structures with the same energy (e.g., those with the same number of extra aromatic sextets and the same number of extra unpaired $\pi$-electrons) are degenerate.
Here we demonstrate how to count the degeneracies of the top three most important structures of pentacene (see \Cref{fig:S2}) for instance.
\Cref{fig:S2}(a) shows all the $\pi$-electrons unpaired (marked with black dots), which may later pair with their nearest neighbors to form C-C double bonds or aromatic sextets, or remain unpaired.
\Cref{fig:S2}(b) shows various ways to draw the most important structures (i.e., the structures with one extra aromatic sextet). Clearly, the aromatic sextet can be placed in one of the five aromatic rings.
Noteworthy, once the aromatic sextet is placed, there is only one way for the remaining $\pi$-electrons pairing with their nearest neighbors (i.e., forming C-C double bonds).
Therefore, the degeneracy of the most important structure is 5.
\Cref{fig:S2}(c) shows the second most important structures (i.e., the structures with two extra aromatic sextets and two extra unpaired $\pi$-electrons).
Since the two aromatic sextets should be placed in two of the five aromatic rings, and they cannot be adjacent, there are five ways to arrange them.
Besides, the two unpaired $\pi$-electrons should be placed accordingly. For example,
if the two aromatic sextets are placed in rings 1 and 4, the two unpaired $\pi$-electrons can only be placed at ring 2 or 3, and they cannot both be placed at the top or bottom.
As a result, there are only four ways to arrange these two unpaired $\pi$-electrons.
Therefore, the degeneracy of the second most important structure is 20.
\Cref{fig:S2}(d) shows the only way to draw the third most important structure (i.e., the structure with three extra aromatic sextets and four extra unpaired $\pi$-electrons).
As the three aromatic sextets cannot be adjacently placed, they can only be placed in rings 1, 3, and 5.
Therefore, the degeneracy of the third most important structure is 1.

Finally, similar to expanding a wavefunction by a linear combination of configuration state functions in the full configuration interaction method, in our simple model,
the radical character of molecule $\alpha$ is argued to be related to all the possible Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures as well as their corresponding weights.
The weight of a structure should be dependent on the energy and degeneracy of the structure.
The structure with lower energy and greater degeneracy should have a larger weight, and hence govern the radical character of molecule $\alpha$ more significantly, while
the structure with higher energy and less degeneracy should have a smaller weight, and hence govern the radical character of molecule $\alpha$ less significantly.

\section*{Computational Details}

As alternant PAHs are all planar molecules, we define a one-dimensional (1D) alternant PAH as the alternant PAH with aromatic rings connected to no more than two other aromatic rings.
An alternant PAH that is not a 1D alternant PAH is defined as a two-dimensional (2D) alternant PAH.

To obtain the ground states of the alternant PAHs studied, TAO-LDA (i.e., TAO-DFT with the local density approximation) \cite{TAO-DFT} is employed for the lowest singlet and triplet energies of
each alternant PAH on the respective geometries that were fully optimized at the same level of theory. The singlet-triplet energy gap (ST gap) of the alternant PAH is calculated as
$(E_{\text{T}} - E_{\text{S}})$, the energy difference between the lowest triplet (T) and singlet (S) states. For the lowest singlet state of the alternant PAH, the active orbital occupation numbers
obtained from TAO-LDA are adopted to assess the radical character of the alternant PAH. Here, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is the ${(N/2)}^{\text{th}}$ orbital, and the lowest
unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is the ${(N/2 + 1)}^{\text{th}}$ orbital, with $N$ being the number of electrons in the alternant PAH. For all the TAO-LDA calculations, the optimal value of
$\theta$ = 7 mhartree (as defined in Ref.\ \newcite{TAO-DFT}) is adopted. As the spin-restricted and spin-unrestricted TAO-LDA energies for the lowest singlet states of all the alternant PAHs
adopted are essentially the same, and spin-unrestricted TAO-LDA calculations are always performed for the lowest triplet states, we remove the phrases ``spin-restricted" and ``spin-unrestricted"
for brevity.

All calculations are performed with a development version of \textsf{Q-Chem 4.0} \cite{Q-Chem}. Results are computed using the 6-31G(d) basis set with the fine grid EML(75,302), consisting of
75 Euler-Maclaurin radial grid points and 302 Lebedev angular grid points.

\section*{Results and Discussion}

\subsection*{Validity of TAO-LDA Occupation Numbers}

Here we examine the validity of TAO-LDA occupation numbers with respect to the NOONs obtained from the accurate RDM-CASSCF method \cite{NOON1}. As illustrated in \Cref{test_molecules}, we
adopt a test set of 24 alternant PAHs, which are the PAHs (excluding the non-alternant PAHs) studied by Pelzer \emph{et al.} \cite{NOON1}. Based on the TAO-LDA calculations (see \Cref{table1}),
the ST gaps of the 24 alternant PAHs are positive, so they all possess singlet ground states. Besides, the occupation numbers of the highest occupied ($f_\text{HOMO}$) and lowest unoccupied
($f_\text{LUMO}$) molecular orbitals for the lowest singlet states (i.e., the ground states) of the 24 alternant PAHs, calculated using TAO-LDA are compared with the corresponding NOONs
($n_\text{HONO}$ and $n_\text{LUNO}$, respectively) obtained from RDM-CASSCF \cite{NOON1}. Owing to the limitation of TAO-LDA (with a system-independent $\theta$ = 7 mhartree), the
TAO-LDA occupation numbers are slightly biased towards closed-shell systems. A system-dependent $\theta$ (related to the distribution of NOONs) is expected to improve the general performance of
TAO-LDA \cite{TAO-DFT}. Nevertheless, as shown in \Cref{comparison}, even with a fixed value of $\theta$ (i.e., 7 mhartree), the TAO-LDA occupation numbers are qualitatively similar to the
RDM-CASSCF NOONs, yielding a similar trend for the radical character of the 24 alternant PAHs. Our TAO-LDA results support previous findings on the increase in radical character with increasing system
size. For the alternant PAHs with the same number of aromatic rings, the geometrical arrangements of aromatic rings are shown to be responsible for the radical character, and it is observed that the smaller
the ST gap, the stronger the radical character. Owing to its computational efficiency and reasonable accuracy, in this work, we adopt the TAO-LDA occupation numbers as the approximate NOONs to assess
the radical character of the alternant PAHs studied.

\subsection*{1D Alternant PAHs}

\Cref{1-D} represents three possible ways to arrange the aromatic rings in 1D alternant PAHs. Here the alternant PAH with armchair edges is denoted as $n$-PP [a planar poly(p-phenylene) oligomer]
\cite{n-PP}, the alternant PAH with zigzag edges is denoted as $n$-acene, and the alternant PAH with the sawtooth arrangements of aromatic rings is denoted as $n$-phenacene, where $n$ is the number
of aromatic rings in the alternant PAH. Based on the TAO-LDA calculations, $n$-PP, $n$-acene, and $n$-phenacene ($n$ = 3$-$20) all possess singlet ground states (see \Cref{table2}).

For $n$-PP, the adjacent aromatic rings are connected to each other by a single C-C bond, which isolates each ring as if $n$-PP is simply the combination of several isolated benzenes. As each ring forms
an aromatic sextet, $n$-PP does not have the non-Kekul\'{e} structures, and hence should display non-radical character.

By contrast, for $n$-acene and $n$-phenacene, the adjacent aromatic rings are connected to each other by sharing one common side. Due to the sawtooth arrangements of aromatic rings, it is impossible
to draw the non-Kekul\'{e} structures of $n$-phenacene. Therefore, $n$-phenacene should exhibit non-radical character, showing consistency with the findings of Plasser \emph{et al.} \cite{GNRs-MRAQCC}.

On the other hand, regardless of the length of $n$-acene, the most important structure is the Kekul\'{e} structure with one aromatic sextet, the second most important structure is the non-Kekul\'{e} structure
with two aromatic sextets and two unpaired $\pi$-electrons, and the third most important structure is the non-Kekul\'{e} structure with four aromatic sextets and four unpaired $\pi$-electrons. From the energy
point of view (i.e., based on the previous models \cite{NK1,NK2,NK3}), the non-Kekul\'{e} structures can never be dominant, and hence $n$-acene should always display non-radical character (i.e., governed
by the most important Kekul\'{e} structure). However, as shown in \Cref{table2a}, with the increase of $n$, the degeneracies of non-Kekul\'{e} structures (e.g., the second most important structure, the third
most important structure, etc.) increase more rapidly than the degeneracy of the most important Kekul\'{e} structure. Therefore, based on our simple model, the weights of non-Kekul\'{e} structures should be
increased with $n$, and may eventually be dominant for a large $n$. For a sufficiently large $n$, as the number of important non-Kekul\'{e} structures is increased, $n$-acene should display increasing
polyradical character. As shown in \Cref{acenes}, the number of fractionally occupied orbitals obtained from TAO-LDA increases with the acene length, which are indeed in support of our argument.
Therefore, in addition to the energies of the structures, the degeneracies of the structures should also be taken into account in the extended Clar's rule to qualitatively describe the polyradical character of
$n$-acene \cite{Acene-DMRG,Acene-Jiang,GNRs-DMRG,GNRs-PHF,GNRs-MRAQCC,GNRs-MRAQCC2,TAO-DFT,TAO-GGA,GNRs-TAO}.

Therefore, based on our simple model, for a given number of aromatic rings $n$, the strength of radical character in the three alternant PAHs is as follows: $n$-acene $>n$-phenacene $\approx$ $n$-PP.
To verify this, the active orbital occupation numbers ($f_\text{HOMO}$ and $f_\text{LUMO}$) for the lowest singlet states of these alternant PAHs calculated using TAO-LDA are shown in \Cref{table2}. Our
results suggest that $n$-acene should possess radical character for $n \ge 6$. By contrast, $n$-phenacene and $n$-PP exhibit non-radical character (even up to $n=20$).

Based on our definition of 1D alternant PAHs, we can represent 1D alternant PAHs by a combination of the three types of arrangements in \Cref{1-D}, and qualitatively describe their radical character. Based
on the arguments above, when the adjacent aromatic rings are connected to each other by a single C-C bond (e.g., $n$-PP), the alternant PAH exhibits non-radical character, regardless of the number of
these rings. By contrast, when the adjacent aromatic rings are connected to each other by sharing one common side in the linear arrangement (e.g., $n$-acene), the degeneracies of the non-Kekul\'{e}
structures are quickly increased with the number of these rings, displaying an increasing polyradical character. However, when the adjacent aromatic rings are connected to each other by sharing one
common side in the sawtooth arrangement (e.g., $n$-phenacene), the number of aromatic sextets in the most important Kekul\'{e} structure is increased with the number of these rings, stabilizing the
alternant PAH. Therefore, for a given number of aromatic rings $n$, the more the 1D alternant PAH resembles $n$-acene, the more it displays radical character. For example, the 1D alternant PAH with
zigzag edges is much less stable than that with armchair edges \cite{GNR_new1,GNRs-TAO,n-PP,zig1,zig2,zig3}.

Here we take the five 1D alternant PAHs (5a, 5b, 5c, 5e, and 5g) in \Cref{test_molecules} as examples. Note that the other 5-ring alternant PAHs (5d and 5f) belong to 2D alternant PAHs. To assess their
radical character, it is essential to estimate the weights of the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structures relative to those of the most important Kekul\'{e} structures (see \Cref{1-D2}). First, we recognize (5a)
[the linear arrangement] and (5g) [the sawtooth arrangement] as the molecules with the most and least radical character, respectively. Secondly, the strength of radical character in (5e) should be the same
as that in (5g), as (5e) and (5g) both have the most important Kekul\'{e} structures with three aromatic sextets, and do not have the non-Kekul\'{e} structures. Thirdly, for (5b) and (5c), while they both have
the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structures with two aromatic sextets and two unpaired $\pi$-electrons, the Kekul\'{e} structure of (5b) is much more stable than that of (5c) [due to an extra aromatic sextet
included in the Kekul\'{e} structure of (5b)]. Therefore, the weight of the non-Kekul\'{e} structure of (5c) should be greater than that of (5b), yielding stronger radical character for (5c). Finally, based on our
simple model, the strength of radical character in the five 1D alternant PAHs is as follows: $(5a) > (5c) > (5b) > (5e) = (5g)$, matching reasonably well with the analysis of the TAO-LDA and RDM-CASSCF
occupation numbers (see \Cref{table1}). Note that these alternant PAHs are far away from being governed by the non-Kekul\'{e} structures, and the difference of radical character among them is small.
However, we can still qualitatively describe and compare the strength of radical character in these alternant PAHs by simply studying the most important Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures in our simple
model.

\subsection*{2D Alternant PAHs}

For 2D alternant PAHs, Pelzer \emph{et al.} argued that the dimensionality may be an effective predictor when comparing 1D PAHs to 2D PAHs, in the sense that 1D PAHs generally exhibit more radical
character than 2D PAHs \cite{NOON1}. However, as they commented, the above argument alone cannot explain why the longer, narrower structure (8c) exhibits less radical character than the square-shaped
structure (8b) [see \Cref{table1}]. By contrast, based on our simple model, the geometry of (8c) allows more aromatic sextets to be included in the most important Kekul\'{e} structure, so the radical character
of (8c) is less governed by the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structure. Therefore, (8c) exhibits less radical character than (8b). This example highlights the importance of studying the Kekul\'{e} and
non-Kekul\'{e} structures in the extended Clar's rule for qualitatively describing the radical character of alternant PAHs.

Similar arguments may be applied to the three alternant PAHs in \Cref{example}. \Cref{2-D} shows the most important Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures of hexacene, superbenzene, and triangulene.
Systems with greater symmetry (e.g., superbenzene) do not necessarily exhibit stronger radical character \cite{NOON1}. As superbenzene does not have the non-Kekul\'{e} structures, and hence the
Kekul\'{e} structures must be dominant, superbeneze exhibits non-radical character. By contrast, it is impossible to draw the Kekul\'{e} structures of triangulene, and two unpaired $\pi$-electrons always
appear in the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structures, yielding the diradical character.

In contrast to 1D alternant PAHs, it is not practical to classify 2D alternant PAHs into groups, and formulate general rules describing their radical character, as there are too many possible geometrical
arrangements of aromatic rings to study all of them. In this work, we adopt the following two types of 2D alternant PAHs: zigzag-edged triangular graphene nanoflakes (C$_{n^{2}+4n+1}$H$_{3n+3}$)
[see \Cref{2-D2}] and zigzag-edged diamond-shaped graphene nanoflakes (C$_{2n^{2}+6n+1}$H$_{4n+2}$) [see \Cref{2-D3}], with $n$ being the number of aromatic rings at each side, as the test systems
to investigate the role of Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures in the radical character of these 2D alternant PAHs.

\subsubsection*{Zigzag-Edged Triangular Graphene Nanoflakes}

Zigzag-edged triangular graphene nanoflakes (C$_{n^{2}+4n+1}$H$_{3n+3}$) with $n$ = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, all possess singlet ground states, based on the TAO-LDA calculations (see \Cref{table3}). Note
that those with an even number of $n$ are excluded, as they contain an odd number of electrons, and do not possess singlet states. Similar to triangulene (i.e., $n=3$), zigzag-edged triangular graphene
nanoflakes do not have the Kekul\'{e} structures, and hence the non-Kekul\'{e} structures must be dominant. \Cref{2-D2} shows the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structures of zigzag-edged triangular
graphene nanoflakes with $n$ = 3, 5, and 7. Due to the peculiar geometries of zigzag-edged triangular graphene nanoflakes, unpaired $\pi$-electrons always appear in the most important non-Kekul\'{e}
structures (as well as the standard structures). According to \Cref{2-D2}, there are 2, 4, and 6 unpaired $\pi$-electrons for the $n$ = 3, 5, and 7 cases, respectively. We can extend this observation, and
argue that there should be ($n-1$) unpaired $\pi$-electrons in the zigzag-edged triangular graphene nanoflake with $n$ aromatic rings at each side. As shown in \Cref{table3}, the active orbital occupation
numbers for the lowest singlet states of zigzag-edged triangular graphene nanoflakes with $n$ = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, calculated using TAO-LDA, are indeed in support of our simple model. Therefore,
zigzag-edged triangular graphene nanoflakes with longer side length should exhibit increasing polyradical character.

\subsubsection*{Zigzag-Edged Diamond-Shaped Graphene Nanoflakes}

Zigzag-edged diamond-shaped graphene nanoflakes (C$_{2n^{2}+6n+1}$H$_{4n+2}$) with $n$ = 3$-$7, all have singlet ground states, based on the TAO-LDA calculations (see \Cref{table4}). \Cref{2-D3}
shows the most important Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures of zigzag-edged diamond-shaped graphene nanoflakes with $n$ = 3$-$5 and their corresponding degeneracies. For $n=3$, as the energy
of the most important Kekul\'{e} structure is lower than that of the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structure, and the degeneracy of the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structure is insufficiently large, the radical
character of the molecule is mainly governed by the most important Kekul\'{e} structure, hence displaying a closed-shell singlet ground state. For the larger $n$, while the degeneracies of the most important
Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e} structures remain the same as those for $n=3$, the energy difference between these two structures becomes smaller, and hence the weight of non-Kekul\'{e} structure becomes
relatively larger. For $n > 6$, the energy of the most important non-Kekul\'{e} structure becomes even lower than that of the most important Kekul\'{e} structure, so the molecule displays strong radical
character. As shown in \Cref{table4}, the active orbital occupation numbers for the lowest singlet states of zigzag-edged diamond-shaped graphene nanoflakes with $n$ = 3$-$7, calculated using TAO-LDA,
show consistency with our simple model.

\section*{Conclusions}

In conclusion, we have shown that the TAO-LDA occupation numbers are qualitatively similar to the NOONs obtained from the accurate RDM-CASSCF method, and are potentially useful for assessing the
radical character of large alternant PAHs, due to its computational efficiency. Relative to the analysis of the TAO-LDA and RDM-CASSCF occupation numbers, the studies of Kekul\'{e} and non-Kekul\'{e}
structures in our proposed simple model qualitatively describe the radical character of alternant PAHs, which could be useful when electronic structure calculations are infeasible due to the expensive
computational cost. Our results support previous findings on the increase in radical character with increasing system size. For alternant PAHs with the same number of aromatic rings, the geometrical
arrangements of aromatic rings have been shown to be influential for the radical character of alternant PAHs. For 1D alternant PAHs, the more the molecules resemble the acene series, the more they
display polyradical character. For 2D alternant PAHs, it is impractical to classify the molecules into groups, and formulate general rules describing their radical character, as there are too many possible
geometrical arrangements of aromatic rings to study all of them. Nevertheless, the radical character of several 2D alternant PAHs has been qualitatively described by our simple model.

\begin{acknowledgement}

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (Grant No.\ MOST104-2628-M-002-011-MY3), National Taiwan University (Grant No.\ NTU-CDP-105R7818),
the Center for Quantum Science and Engineering at NTU (Subproject Nos.:\ NTU-ERP-105R891401 and NTU-ERP-105R891403), and the National Center for Theoretical Sciences of Taiwan.

\end{acknowledgement}

\section*{Author Contributions}
C.-N.Y. and J.-D.C. designed the project. C.-N.Y. performed the calculations. C.-N.Y. and J.-D.C. contributed to the data analysis, and wrote the paper.

\section*{Additional Information}
{\bf Competing financial interests:} The authors declare no competing financial interests.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
An accomplished member of the early twentieth-century Arts and Crafts movement, William S. Rice was also a dedicated teacher. By the time he published Block Prints: How To Make Them in 1941, he was an instructor at the University of California, having just retired from a forty-year career teaching art in California's public secondary schools.
Already an illustrator and watercolorist when he moved to the Bay Area in 1900, Rice began making block prints as early as 1915—the same year as the Panama-Pacific International Exposition, a turning point for the artist. Little was needed in order to make block prints at home, and Rice set to work in the attic studio of his East Oakland bungalow. As Rice would go on to describe in his extremely practical guide to block printing, an artist could get started with basic tools, wood or linoleum blocks, inks, and paper, even repurposing household items to their advantage.
Now back in print after a long absence, Block Prints: How To Make Them is an eminently readable guide that remains as functional as the day it was made. Written for the novice, Rice's every instruction is provided with a dose of steadying encouragement. The modern crafter or art student will find useful guidance in the contributions of Martin Krause, author of this new edition's introduction. His footnotes added throughout provide context to the original edition, translate terminology that might be unfamiliar, and provide updates where needed. As Rice wrote in his preface, this book "is offered with the sincere hope that it may prove both instructive and encouraging to those who are seriously interested in this most absorbing handicraft."
William S. Rice (American, 1873–1963) was one of the defining block print artists of the American Arts and Crafts movement. Also a watercolorist, teacher, and avid outdoorsman, he found inspiration in nature and created humble yet stunning images. His active and prolific career extended to the age of ninety.
Martin Krause served for thirty-nine years as curator of prints, drawings, and photographs at the Indianapolis Museum of Art at Newfields. Krause is coauthor of Gustave Baumann: Nearer to Art and editor of the Pomegranate books The Autobiography of Gustave Baumann (2015) and Gustave Baumann: Views of Brown County (2018). His other wide-ranging publications devoted to the history of the graphic arts include monographs on J. M. W. Turner, Robert Indiana, and Garo Antreasian.


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VOLT™ Pulse Nominated for T3 Awards 2018!
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Trundling through 'Green Spain'
Steve Jack, 05 March, 2018
Slow is the perfect pace when it comes to exploring Asturias & the Costa Verde by rail – as Inntravel's Steve Jack explains...
Spain's 'Green Coast' is one of the most inviting landscapes I have ever laid my eyes upon. Lush hills and pastureland tumble down to grassy cliffs which frame secluded beaches of virgin sand, sweeping bays and colourful fishing ports. Behind all this lies the Picos de Europa mountain range, wild and remote with its jagged limestone peaks.
Somewhere in between, though, there is a very special mode of transport. The FEVE (Ferrocarril Española Via Estrecha ) – or 'Slow Train', as it has become endearingly known – is unmarked on most Spanish railway maps, yet is a real boon for the curious traveller.
The whole line (actually a trio of 1,000mm narrow-gauge lines dating from 1965) dawdles all the way from Bilbao in the Basque Country to Galicia in Spain's north-west corner, and stops at no fewer than 100 stations along the way. And the section we use for our holiday, passing through the bucolic and astonishingly green landscapes of Asturias, is an undoubted highlight.
In this age of high-speed rail transport, the FEVE might seem like something of an anachronism. After all, its trains feel neither luxurious nor particularly modern. But they chug faithfully along, doggedly resisting 'progress' while advancing in their measured and staccato manner, disgorging locals and commuters while connecting one tiny platform to another.
The FEVE, you see, remains integral to Asturian rural life; and behind its refusal to rush lies much of its charm. Its inexorable trundle means that the sumptuous views are admiringly absorbed, rather than merely flashed on the retina. And the sheer number of stops – in what often appears to be the middle of nowhere – makes for some very tempting ways to fill your days. Jumping off and re-boarding opportunities abound, so that a cliff-top coastal walk, time at the beach or a tasty seafood lunch (or even a combination of all three!) are within very easy reach.
So hop on the Slow Train, amble across 'Green Spain' by rail, and feel the deceleration of both life and mind!
Casas de Indianos
Characteristic of Spain's Costa Verde are the magnificent period houses – often decorated in exotic, flamboyant style – which dot the landscape. These are the former homes of returning emigrés, who, having made their fortunes overseas during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, returned to incorporate some of the colonial architectural styles they had encountered (in Cuba, Argentina, Uruguay or elsewhere in Latin America) into the new buildings they created. Somewhat ostentatious and highly individual in style, the unifying feature of these casas de Indianos is a palm tree in the grounds – planted in recognition of where their wealth had come from.
Cider culture
The appreciation of sidra, Asturians' honeycoloured tipple of choice, is practically an art form in this corner of Spain. Witness the lively, waterfront sidrerίas, where skilful escanciadores (cider pourers) artfully decant local brews from high above, and where the emphasis on communal revelry makes the occasion feel more like a group hug than a mere meeting of friends. As with everything else, the best way to appreciate it is to get involved. ¡Salud !
Take the 'Slow Train'...
Enjoy charming coastal villages, fabulous beaches, good food and cider on our new week-long journey, Slow Train through Asturias. Our detailed notes (and included rail pass) provide many opportunities for walking, relaxing and sightseeing in this beautiful corner of Spain.
More about our journeys in Slow Motion through Spain >
The Slow Lane


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Ginger Wildheart* – Bonus Demos - You Are The Light / How I Survived The Punk Wars
Not On Label (Ginger (8) Self-released) – none
G.A.S.S. (Ginger Associated Secret Society) – none
2 × File, MP3, 320kbps
1 You Are The Light
2 How I Survived The Punk Wars
Featuring, Backing Vocals – Givvi Flynn
YOU ARE THE LIGHT – This song was written for a Finnish band who had considered taking a more melodic and mainstream approach to their next album. Turns out that they changed their mind anyway and stuck with metal, which this song most definitely is not.
I wrote three songs for them, one of which I redesigned as Lover, It'll All Work Out on the 555% album, and recorded them with Jason Sanderson, who is mixing some of the G·A·S·S· songs you are hopefully enjoying.
This track I considered too cheesy even for me to use, but then I heard it again about a year ago and regretted not having had another bash at it. I love that chorus, and with some rewording could be a belter. Still, making it available here means that it lives on, and that's good enough for me.
HOW I SURVIVED THE PUNK WARS – The original demo for How I Survived The Punk Wars, recorded with Jase Edwards and featuring Givvi Flynn on backing vocals. You can hear that the arrangement didn't stray too much from the original formula but the absence of Victoria is glaringly apparent. Truth is getting Lady Vic involved was a move made when my voice packed up in the studio and I made a panic decision to record the new songs as duets. People had been saying how much they liked her voice on 555% so it made sense to get her involved and give me a break in the vocal dept. As soon as she took the job my confidence in the project grew and my voice came back.
BABYCHAOS26


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Shang-Chi's Box Office could Result to the Delay of Eternals
Ever since vaccines started rolling out, people thought that they could be ready to get back to theaters by the end of the year, but thanks to some anti-vaxx thinkers, the spread of a new variant has opted for big studios to rethink their releases once more. Though Eternals looked like it was going to make its November release date, it's likely there could be another delay.
Vulture reports that sources have claimed that there is a chance that Eternals could be delayed; and it's dependent on the box office run of Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings. Should the movie underperform next month, Disney could reconsider the Eternals release. After the fiasco with Scarlett Johansson and Black Widow, you would think that they want to avoid any more drama when it comes to their incoming slate.
At this point, several studios are taking a second look at their upcoming releases. Venom: Let There be Carnage has been pushed back to January of 2022, and some think it could be the same for Spider-Man: No Way Home. For the movies coming out on HBO Max and theaters on the same day (like Denis Villenueve's Dune), things could still be on track.
For now, all we can really do is wait and see how Shang-Chi performs. If a delay isn't in the books for Eternals, maybe Disney can make a point to renegotiate contracts with actors, so as not to upset them like they did with ScarJo.
Eternals is still set to come out on Nov. 5. Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings hits theaters on Sept. 3.
Disney, Spider-Man, Marvel Studios, Black Widow, Dune, Scarlett Johansson, Venom 2, Eternals, Shang-Chi, No Way Home
Matrix 4 Gets Official Title; Trailer Dropped at CinemaCon
Anya Taylor-Joy to Star in Robert Eggers' Nosferatu Remake


Here is the April e-news. I realize that I am getting later and later with my e news. I do apologise for this delay. I have been busy with writing one book and working around the clock to produce the Asia HRDCongress scheduled for July 6 to 8, 2010.
HRDPower on the web is a cost effective tool to manage talent and succession in an organisation. The competency based system ensures the organisational pipeline, more importantly as Jim Collins, the author of Good to Great remarked that great companies have the right person in the right seat. The system does not require you to spend massive amounts to have a talent management system. For a small investment you will have a system that has been tested and tried by many organisations. Added with functional expertise it will be a powerful combination. Please contact azaath@smrhrgroup.com for more details.
Aparna Nancherta writing on Leadership Trends in the T & D magazine from the American Society of Training & Development says careless decisions made by senior executives have far reaching consequences for the company. A report conducted by Kenexa Research Institute (KRI) shows that the current rating of global senior leadership effectiveness is about 51 percent. With confidence in leadership so inextricably tied to an employee's engagement at work, this result is a likely indicator for high turnover unless leaders take action to build trust says Brenda Kowske, a research manager at KRI.
International author and trainer Karen Lawson will lead the experts on tackling this subject at the Asia HRD Congress. She will speak on Leadership Accountability. Several other outstanding speakers will also present outstanding case studies.
Visit www.hrdcongress.com and review the outstanding programme and the great sessions offered by international experts. Make it a point to learn, network, share and shape the future in the lovely city of Kuching, Malaysia. Join the 800 professionals to learn and shape the future.


It also reminds me about Jung's appraisal of Hitler. Being emptied to be filled with the hatred of a nation. As if destroying the object could destroy the forces that have created the object. As if the object has any power in itself. It's the hatred of all humankind. It's the hatred we must defuse, disavow, destroy, counter in our encounters. It's so much scarier than hating the object.


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Q: Cant send E-Mail with Windows Task Scheduler I have Task1 - it makes a report in pandas and saves it as excel file. Then i have Task2 which finds saved file and sends it via Outlook to my collegues.
I am using .bat files to make jobs and Windows Task Scheduler to run them.
The problem is - when click on .bat file it sends an email, but when i run it on Scheduler it doesnt send an email
How can i fix this?
Code of Task2:
import win32com.client as client
from datetime import datetime
import pathlib

outlook = client.Dispatch('Outlook.Application')
message = outlook.CreateItem(0)  # 0 is the code for a mail item (see the enumerations)
message.To = '@.com'
message.Subject = 'Report from ' + str(datetime.now().date())
message.Body = 'Report from ' + str(datetime.now().date())
path = pathlib.Path('C:\\Report ' \
                    + str(datetime.now()).split()[0] + '.xlsx')
absolute = str(path.absolute())
message.Attachments.Add(absolute)

message.Send()

A: You could use the schedule library in python.
For example, you could run the script or function function_name once every day at hour o'clock like:
import schedule

schedule.every().day.at(hour).do(function_name)

while True:
     schedule.run_pending()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Okay, I'm an old guy and I wear dentures. Partials. The other day getting ready for bed I noticed, when taking them out, that I had lost one of the lower teeth sometime during the day. Probably happened when I was eating one of my homemade tostadas for lunch. I figured if I could find it I'd super glue it back in place so I searched all around the desk where I eat but couldn't find it. I guess, since it's a fairly small tooth, that I swallowed the damned thing. If I did I'm sure I would eventually pass it but I absolutely refuse to search for it, and if I did happen to find it no matter how well sterilized I might be able to make it I don't think could deal with ever having it in my mouth again. Could YOU?
So now I'm in the process of trying to find someone who can make the repair while using my fractured Spanish. Living abroad can be a challenge some days.


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Imanje JandaLa se nalazi u vikend naselju Janda kod Krčedina, na uzvišenju iznad Dunava između dva napuštena kamenoloma, prekoputa Krčedinske ade. Imanje je pogodno za organizovanje raznih radionica i seminara, predavanja, edukacija, kao i za vežbe, trening ili terapije (joga, meditacije, plesne radionice, sportski treninzi i sl.), ali i radne odmore, druženja, proslave i venčanja.

Imanje odjednom može da primi do tridest gostiju i otvoreno je za odmor, turizam, ljubitelje prirode, ekologije, lova, ribolova, foto safarija, izleta, šetnji...

Sadržaj
Imanje se prostire na površini od jednog hektara, na kojem su kuća za noćenje, bungalovi, glamping šatori, višenamenska sala, sauna i hot tub, letnjikovac sa pogledom na Dunav i Krčedinsku adu, objekat sa kuhinjom i sobom za odmor i prostrano uređeno dvorište.

Velika drvena kuća sa pet dvokrevetnih soba, na svakom spratu su sanitarije, u prizemlju tuš, kuhinja, zajednički dnevni prostor, terasa i veliko dvorište. Sve sobe su jednokrevetne ili dvokrevetne. U dve je moguće dodati i treći ležaj.

Na raspolaganju su tri bungalova, sa sopstvenim kupatilima, malom terasom i dvorištem. Bungalovi su dvokrevetni (bračni ili odvojeni kreveti). U dva bungalova postoji mogućnost dodavanja trećeg ležaja.

Višenamenska sala opremljena je svom potrebnom tehnikom, tuševima, sanitarijama, garderoberima, umivaonicima i sa dva odvojena ulaza. Može se koristiti za različite aktivnosti od manjih konferencija, seminara, radionica, predavanja, team building-a, pa sve do fizičkih aktivnosti i meditacija.

Letnjikovci su na lokacijama sa najlepšim pogledom na Dunav, kamenolom i Krčedinsku adu. Veći letnjikovac na dva sprata, može se koristiti za grupne aktivnosti (razgovori, predavanja, radionice). Oba letnjikovca su u osnovi namenjeni opuštanju, uživanju i razgledanju.

-{Wellness}- kutak sa saunom sa zastakljenim prostorom za odmor, spoljašnjim tušem i drveni đakuzi (-{hot tub}-). Sauna se zagreva sa peći na drva, dakle sa prirodnom vatrom, što daje ritualu saune poseban osećaj.

Imanje JandaLa ima svoj vez i čamac u obližnjoj marini Stari Slankamen, kanue i nudi mogućnost skijanja na vodi i vožnje na gumama za vodu i mnogo drugog potrebno za potpuni doživljaj koje imanje nudi zajedno sa okolinom.

Izvori

Spoljašnje veze

Туризам у Србији
Етно домаћинства у Србији
Грађевине у Инђији

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Socket rooms not working like they are suppose to I have a piece of code setup but sockets are being sent out to the wrong person, and I have no idea why. When I update someones status the status of the other user gets updated.
Basic Code
io.on('connection', function(socket) {
  socket.on('login', function(token) {
    /* Database call for user */
    socket.to(user.id);
  }
});

var getSocket(userId){
  var socketFromRoom = io.sockets.in(userId);
  return socketFromRoom;
}

I recently switched from just storing users in an object to the above, this way I could easily send data to multiple tabs when an user has logged i. Whenever I use getSocket(1).emit({...} data gets emitted to the wrong person, which is very worrying.

A: Check the Socket.IO cheatsheet and the docs of rooms and namespaces.
Use join/leave to work with rooms:
socket.join(roomId);
socket.leave(roomId);

I think you should change:
socket.to(user.id);

To:
socket.join(user.id);

From the docs:
// sending to all clients in 'game' room, including sender
io.in('game').emit('big-announcement', 'the game will start soon');

To send to individual socket, use:
socket.to(<socketid>).emit('hey', 'I just met you');


my name is Mary C. Smith, and I help mothers to enjoy being a mom, turn parenting stress into joy, and tap into the power of playful parenting, while taking care of all the responsibilities that come with rearing a child.
Does being a mom have to be that difficult???
Not if you practice the three pillars of stress-free parenting.
Is the way you are communicating with your child and partner adding to or relieving you from stress?
Are your emotions empowering you or do they drain you of energy and leave you feeling tired?
Would you like to turn parenting problems into play and deal with stress in a better way?.
These six simple steps can totally transform the way you think and feel about being a mom, and all the responsibilities that come with it.
Are you using the "right" words when talking to your child?
Common "expression mistakes" moms make with their child.
A simple way to know how full or empty your "energy tank" is during the day.
A fast, simple and free way to recharge your batteries.
Put play back into parenting - you'll feel the difference.
Just "push this button" in your brain and in 90 seconds you're stress-free.
What's your number 1 problem?
There are thousand things that can cause you stress - but what's the biggest one for YOU?


Good writing is being able to capture your audience's attention and inspire them, motivate them, allow them to reflect, or teach them something new. It's all about the rhetorical tools that you use and what you do to persuade your audience to believe in the same things you do or have them relive memories that they haven't thought of in a while.
There's so much that goes into writing that some people just won't understand how difficult it is until they sit down and write something that they can honestly say is a damn good piece of work. To get started on even writing a good piece of work you must get started on finding what you would like to write about and how you intend on going about it.
There are just so many ways you can go on with writing that sometimes it's hard to say what you're thinking or trying to explain. So to get started it's great to write down everything that comes to your head. It doesn't have to make sense, it just has to be what you're thinking about. Next you look at everything you wrote down and look at what it was you were thinking of and find a thought that you wish to elaborate on and explain or make a story out of.
Great writing isn't something you can just sit down and make in just a few minutes of writing; it comes with knowing what you're writing about and knowing how you intend on going on writing about it. Sometimes when you get started on writing about whatever topic or story it is you intend to write you may not like how it's coming out, but that is perfectly fine and what you do if this happens is just keep writing. Keep writing until you've reached complete uncertainty of what you are writing about and then read over what you wrote.
Now if you are all done with your essay and decide that you want to write more reread your essay and reread it again. When you're done rereading you might find that you could elaborate on a few more topics, add more details to a scene, or add more statistics or anecdotes.
When you do this you want to make sure that you are adding things to the right place and are able to make it flow with the rest of what you have already written. Now that you have finished adding the extra information or details you wanted to add you will revise your piece of work again.
If you really don't believe that revising is necessary and decide that you'd rather not keep revising your work then think again. All writers good or bad will revise their work again and again and again. It may take a lot of time, but it's all worth it after you are left with a great piece of good writing.
John Irving said "Half my life is an act of revision" and I suggest that if you would like to be a successful writer than you will do the same with your pieces of work and revise multiple times until you know it is done to the best of your capability.
By writing down your ideas, elaborating, revising, and editing you will find that writing becomes a lot easier and your work is more than exceptional. Writing may be difficult to get started on, but following these few steps will help you write better.
Good writing is being able to write down what you're thinking of so don't ever be worried about what others think. As long as you are able to write down everything you could have possibly thought of in the subject you chose to write about, and were able to take the time to revise and add any extra details than you will end up with some good writing.