Join us at Emerson Hospital's annual Family Health and Wellness Expo on Saturday, May 4 from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m., at the hospital's main campus located at 133 Old Road to Nine Acre Corner in Concord. The Expo will feature free health screenings and general health information, conversations with health and wellness experts, reiki, chair massage, face painting and more.
With a strong support system and help from our Center for Rehabilitative and Sports Therapies, a Littleton resident met his goal of walking without assistance several months after a devastating accident.
Thanks to the right orthopedic surgery and a commitment to physical therapy, Matthias was able to overcome a painful injury sustained during a hockey game to return to the sport he loves.
Paul Re, MD, an orthopedic surgeon with Orthopedic Affiliates, Inc., talks about his specialty — the shoulder — and why he decided to write a book on it.


Invitation to and photographs from the launch of Extraordinary Anywhere: Essays on Place from Aotearoa New Zealand edited by Ingrid Horrocks and published by Victoria University Press.
Copies of Extraordinary Anywhere and other books by contributors.
Fergus Barrowman introduces the editors.
Ingrid Horrocks speaks while Cherie lacey looks on.
Cherie Lacey takes her turn.
Harry Ricketts prepares his contribution.
Tim Corballis reads from his piece.
Tina Makereti muses on home and belonging.
Cherie Lacey signs a book for David Coventry.


text:
Clitocybe cacabus är en svampart som först beskrevs av Elias Fries, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Pier Andrea Saccardo 1887. Clitocybe cacabus ingår i släktet Clitocybe och familjen Tricholomataceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Basidiesvampar
cacabus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I love baking cakes, especially ones that are geeky and challenging. Some of my favorites that I have made are a TARDIS for my husbands 30th birthday and a Mad Hatter hat for my sister's high school graduation party. In any case, its no wonder that I have collected quite the set of geek cake inspiration from across the internet. With wedding season upon us, its hard not to focus on the wedding cake, the traditional tiered white cake with beautifully piped flowers. Those traditional cakes are usually absolutely beautiful but are totally not befitting a true geeky couple by any means. Most of the time, the geekiness shows up in the grooms cake, however, once in a while you get a wonderfully brave couple who kicks tradition to the curb and you are left with geeky wedding cake masterpieces.
Enjoy, there should be a little something for everyone here!
I hope you noticed that it says: sqrt(<3) or the root of love; cos(<3) the cause of love; and [1 0; 0 1]<3 the identity of love. So incredibly romantic!
Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed and Something BLUE!
The truth is out there, and its love!
For Those Who Live in a Steampunk World!
I'm in love with this cake! It is just so incredibly steampunk! My husband is lucky that I didn't see this before our wedding!
I only wish I could get words that long in Scrabble. HA!
I wonder where their honeymoon was?
Sadly, I don't know much about D&D, but this is an awesome enough cake I think it is time to give it a chance!
The Cake Topper was made of blocks to spell "J" and "C", after they cut the cake, the bride and groom took the topper apart and found where they fit on the main part of the cake.
Well that's one way to build your relationship! I really love how this is so pretty and geeky at the same time.
Han and Leia's Wedding Cake!
If I missed your favorite geeky cake put a link to it here in the comments!
2 Responses to Geeky Weddings Take the Cake!
I'd like to share my creations here, hopefully you'll appreciate them too. Giant Battenbergs inspired by Space Invaders and Tetris.


If you are like me, and most people I know, you are tired of hearing about Russia and potential collusion by the Trump campaign to influence the outcome of the 2016 election. For that reason, we are tackling this first to get it over with and move on. Though we hear about this issue every day, on every station, and on every news program you can find, it is difficult to point to any facts or evidence that the Trump campaign colluded with Russia or that Russia was even the source of any cyber- attacks. The intent of this is not to argue the guilt or innocence of any party, but rather an attempt to sift through what has become such a convoluted issue that it has more twists and turns than a country road.
According to reports, it was known at least two years ago by intelligence agencies that the systems at the DNC had been compromised. News reports indicated that the Russians were responsible for penetrating the DNC's system in 2015 and in 2016. Though someone known as Gucifer 2.0 claimed credit for the breach the cybersecurity firm, Crowdstrike, that originally investigated the breach reiterated its conclusion that Russia was the source of the breach. In addition, the cybersecurity firms of Fidelis Cybersecurity and Mandiant indicated agreement with the conclusions of Crowdstrike. Based upon this information, one might assume that it is evidence enough to confirm Russia's involvement. However, reports went on to say that it was suspected that Gucifer 2.0 was part of a Russian group responsible for the hack but that they do not have any had evidence this was the case. Analysts also went on to say as the documents posted were done so anonymously they could not prove their origin. Researchers indicated the possibility that someone other than Russia had been in the network and accessed the documents. Okay, so what do we know based upon the above reporting? We know that the DNC's system was breached on at least two occasions, we know that cybersecurity firms concluded Russia was the source of the breaches based upon techniques used to gain access, we know that someone referred to as Gucifer 2.0 claimed responsibility for the hacks, and we know that the conclusions reached by the cybersecurity firms have indicated they could not prove the origin of the anonymously posted documents. No real evidence of anything beyond the fact that the DNC was compromised.
The claim is that these hacks were performed to influence the election in Trump's favor, however, the hackers reportedly stole DNC research on Trump in addition to the damning emails between top DNC officials.
As a sidebar, it has been reported that the Chinese compromised then Senator Obama and Senator McCain's networks in 2008, and in 2012 attempts were made by hackers from both outside and within the United States to access the networks of then candidates Obama and Romney.
Next, the NSA indicated that Russian began a spear phishing campaign in attempt to gain access to VR Systems, a voting technology vendor; however, it was not known if this campaign was successful or what data could have been obtained. Attackers then attempted to pose as employees and use malicious Word documents to compromise voter checkin software at some polling locations. Reportedly, there were 122 of these emails sent to election officials across the country. There does not seem to be any information known beyond this and it is unknown, at least publicly, if anything malicious occurred beyond or as a result of the spear phishing campaign.
Now let's bring the Trump campaign in. The Washington Post reported that President Obama knew as far back as August that Putin was attempting to influence the presidential campaign in favor of Trump but the administration waited until December to acknowledge this publicly. This is where the ICA report dated January 6, 2017 comes in. The report states the assessment is based upon information known as of December 2016. While the FBI and CIA state they have high confidence in the report's conclusions, the NSA's confidence was listed as only moderate. This may be due to the report being full of supposition and more wiggle words than a first-year law student's initial case brief.
The report gives an assessment that Putin ordered an influence campaign with the goal of undermining public faith in the democratic process and to denigrate and harm Secretary Clinton and her electability. They continued their assessment concluding that Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for Trump and set out to influence the election in his favor. Again, the NSA only has moderate confidence in this judgment. Explanations for assessments were stated in terms of proffers such as "Putin most likely wanted to discredit Secretary Clinton because he publicly blamed her since 2011 for inciting mass protests against his regime in late 2011 and early 2012, and because he holds a grudge for comments he almost certainly saw as disparaging him." And, "The General Staff Main Intelligence Dictorate (GRU) probably began cyber-operations aimed at the US election by March 2016." The report also notes that Russian TV showed a clear preference for then candidate Trump. While the report makes no accusation or assessment regarding Russian collusion with the Trump campaign, it is full of innuendo based upon reporting and social media emanating from Russia that was positive towards then candidate Trump. Pay close attention to the consistent use of terms throughout the report such as "most likely", "probably", "may have", etc.
Granted, this is a declassified version of the report that provides identical conclusions but may not include full supporting information. However, I find no real evidence that proves any of the conclusions proffered. A link to the full report will be supplied at the end of this post so that you may read it and come to your own conclusions. After all, that's what we are all about, encouraging the people to obtain the information and arrive at their own conclusions based upon all of the information available.
There are currently five investigations underway regarding the Russian interference in the 2016 election as well as any collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials.
Special Counsel via the Justice Department begun May 17.
While those pushing the issue of the Trump campaign's collusion with Russia have continued to point to contact, in some cases incidental contact, by Michael Flynn, Jeff Sessions, Jared Kushner and Paul Manafort with the Russian ambassador and/or Russian businessmen, they have provided no proof that any unethical conversations or collusion took place. There have been reports stating that collusion by the Trump campaign is undisputed. I find that rather confusing as neither Trump nor any of his associates have admitted to such collusion, in fact that have denied it. Is denial of the act not disputing it?
I do not know if Russia hacked the DNC, I do not know if anyone from the Trump campaign colluded with the Russians to influence the election in any way. What I do know, is that after close to a year's worth of investigations I have not seen any actual evidence that serves to prove anything either way. Is it possible that investigations by multiple agencies and committees have not yielded any proof positive that has been shared with the public could be because there is none?


The Huub Brownlee Agilis 3:5 Swim Wetsuit is a premium wetsuit designed for pure performance alongside the Brownlee Brothers. Using extremely buoyant neoprene and Rotational Freedom technology, the Brownlee Agilis Wetsuit will lift the legs and hips and give a natural feeling stroke throughout.
Arms Neutral™ exclusive and patent-pending technology delivering totally unrivalled and unmatched Rotational Freedom™.
HUUB's exclusive +43™ buoyancy foam delivering 43% more buoyancy than standard neoprene.
Designed with the Brownlee brothers extensive input.
Breakaway Zipper for the fastest transitions.


Add your desired items to your shopping cart and select the Affirm payment option on our checkout page.
Enter a few basic pieces of information to identify yourself. Affirm will instantly let you know if you are approved for a loan.
Review your payment plan details and click "confirm" to finalize the loan. Once you're done, your purchase will be on its way! Just remember to pay your bills on or before their due dates or sign up for autopayment at www.affirm.com/pay.
Cross River Bank is the lender for all loans initiated through Affirm.
What type of financing does Affirm offer?
With options that allow you to control your budget, Affirm provides the option for 3, 6, or 12 monthly payments and rates from 10-30% APR based on your credit. Actual rates will be shown at checkout.
Affirm has no fixed credit limit. They underwrite each loan individually taking into account the merchant, items purchased, and other information available at the time of purchase. Customers can take out multiple Affirm loans at once, as each Affirm loan application is evaluated separately as a closed-end transaction.
Does Affirm charge any fees or interest?
Unfortunately, Affirm is not always able to approve the full amount of your order. If this happens, they will provide a debit card down payment option so that you may still complete your purchase right away.
To consider a credit application, Affirm sometimes requires additional information. This may include requesting an active checking account number, which helps them verify your identity and your ability to repay the requested loan. If Affirm prompts you for this information, but you are unable to provide it, Affirm will be unable to approve your credit application.
How do I open an account with Affirm?
After selecting the items you would like to purchase, you can apply for an account with Affirm in our checkout process.
To learn more about Affirm and their financing options, please visit https://www.affirm.com/faqs/.


Photo: Natural rock garden in Bridgeport Canyon.
Eastern Mojave Vegetation Natural rock garden in Bridgeport Canyon.
Field Notes: in Bridgeport Cyn.
A Checklist Flora of the Mono Lake Basin, Mono County, California and Mineral County, Nevada.: upper Bridgeport Cyn.
Other photos about Geography - Mono Lake Basin, California or Bridgeport Canyon.


text:
Purple delivers 'Big Data' solution for LexisNexis
The Purple Agency, part of Adare has announced the completion of a major Big Data project for LexisNexis, the UK's leading supplier of content and technology solutions for the professional services sector. The Big Data solution will enable the company to quickly and efficiently drill through the large amounts of data it holds to more easily develop effective marketing strategies and campaigns.
Says Andrew Woodger, data and planning director, The Purple Agency:
"For data rich organisations like LexisNexis the critical Big Data issue is finding the essential nuggets of insight which lie within an enormous pool of information. The solution which we have deployed for them (using Apteco's FastStats® software) not only allows them to explore and visualise huge volumes of data very quickly, but also delivers the power to analyse it effectively – and act more swiftly and more profitably."
Commenting for LexisNexis, Saleem Somauroo, head of data and business insight, says:
"It's essential for us to be able to take all the data we hold and refine it down to the key information we need. We have a rich product offering and a global customer base – which means we need to be able to plan multiple campaigns quickly and efficiently. To do that we needed a solution which could cut through to the most critical data, allow us to focus on it, and then generate effective marketing strategies. The Big Data solution The Purple Agency has delivered does just that."
Part of Reed Elsevier, LexisNexis is a global professional content and information solutions business, operating in over 100 countries with 15,000 employees. It provides business solutions, including legal and accounting software, to some of the world's leading legal, tax and accountancy firms. Major brands include Butterworths and Tolley.
A fully integrated marketing agency, and part of Adare, The Purple Agency (http://www.purple-agency.com) develops digital and data driven, multi-channel campaigns on behalf of leading global brands. The agency won the Marketing Effectiveness category at this year's RAR Awards together with a further prize from Database Marketing magazine for Innovation in email marketing - B2C for its data analytic driven work with Flight Centre UK. It operates in a range of industry sectors including travel, publishing, technology, pharmaceuticals, sports and retail. Other clients include Euromoney, AGA Rangemaster, Honeywell, Fitness First, British Paralympic Association, MSD, UK Sport and IBM.
About The Purple Agency
The Purple Agency (www.purple-agency.com) is part of Adare, a leading provider of Marketing and Secure Communication Solutions. With 30 locations across the UK and Europe, Adare employs over 750 people and has an annual turnover of £168 million. For more information please visit www.adare.com
Apteco & Syniverse Collaborate to Offer WhatsApp as a Channel for Marketing Automation
Apteco software does not use Log4j
Our 2021 winner is announced – Best use of Apteco software award

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Animation Lightroom 6 Photoshop Elements 13 Photo Editing Related Software Products: See all software from our Design Software category. Please report any expired or inactive codes or special offers to us immediately. Plans start at, loading./mo excl. Highlight and copy the discount code (if provided) from the product's coupon offer description above. Buy now, students AND teachers. Choose from Photoshop, next-generation tools like Adobe XD, and 20 more of Adobes best creative apps. Promotion Code : No code necessary, click Here to Save, price : 1 Month Plan Price.99 per month. Individuals, get 10 free Adobe Stock images. Buy now, photographers, creative Cloud, photography plan.98/mo. With Creative Cloud, youll have every Adobe app for design, photography, video, and web.
Offer may not be assigned, exchanged, sold, transferred, or combined with any other discount.
Adobe has announced the latest version of its software.
(Students get an educational discount.99 per month for Creative Cloud).
In other words, the hackers that create and distribute these free or cheap copies are receiving payback in other ways (e.g., silent backdoors ) meaning in the end, you can do far worse damage to your computer and yourself than to Adobe. The Single App includes the latest version of Photoshop, 100GB of cloud storage, access to premium fonts, as well. Special: Legally download dozens of free Adobe books for a limited time! PC users will need Windows 7 or later and at least 2GB RAM (though 8GB is recommended). . Photography Plan (20GB storage the 20GB budget bcd and coupon codes Photography Plan includes Lightroom CC, Lightroom Classic CC, Photoshop CC and 20GB of cloud storage. A Creative Cloud subscription means you either pay an amount every month or a lump sum cost for a year.


Another year of IMATS completed, did you go and what do you think of this year?
There were as many booths as last year, if not more. However, this year seemed to be less crowded, which was a good thing for me, it was much more relaxing and comfortable to walk round.
There were, as always, many experts in the field to do presentation on the various stages and rooms in the show, which heavily reflected the fact that this year, IMATS had put back the focus to everything about special effects makeup.
Apart from admiring all the inspirational work of the talented makeup artists, shopping was of course on the agenda. Lots of well known brands had special deals (like MAC had 15% off on everything). IMATS was also the chance to discover some new brands and new suppliers!
To me, the most exciting discovery was Beauty B Cosmetics! They stocked a whole range of Sigma brushes!! To which we all know how difficult it is to get our hands on any Sigma brushes in the UK.
These are all I bought from IMATS this year. (Yep, just two things) The famous-but-always-out-of-stock Ben Nye Banana setting powder (£10 for the small 1.5oz tub), and a Sigma F86 Tapered Kabuki brush, which is similar to my Louise Young Super Foundation brush. I found the bristles of the Louise Young brush a bit too long for my liking, this Sigma F86 has shorter bristles which I am hoping it will work better with my foundations.
Did you go to IMATS this year? What did you see and buy??


text:
Selle Family History
Selle Name Meaning
English: variant of Sell 1. German: from Middle High German, Middle Low German selle 'friend', 'companion'. French: habitational name from any of the various places called Selle, Selles, or La Selle, named with Latin cella 'cell', 'cot', 'hut', 'stall'. Dutch (Van Selle): habitational name for someone from Zelle in Herenthout, Antwerp.
Similar surnames: Seller, Zelle, Helle, Sell, Melle, Pelle, Welle, Seele, Belle, Soll
Selle Family Origin
Where is the Selle family from?
You can see how Selle families moved over time by selecting different census years. The Selle family name was found in the USA, the UK, Canada, and Scotland between 1841 and 1920. The most Selle families were found in the USA in 1880. In 1911 there were 7 Selle families living in British Columbia. This was about 44% of all the recorded Selle's in Canada. British Columbia had the highest population of Selle families in 1911.
Use census records and voter lists to see where families with the Selle surname lived. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations.
View Census Data for Selle
Selle Family Occupations
What did your Selle ancestors do for a living?
In 1881, School and Machinist were the top 2 reported jobs worked by Selle. The most common Selle occupation in Canada was School. 50% of Selle's were Schools. A less common occupation for the Selle family was Tailoress.
View Census data for Selle | Data not to scale
Tailoress
Census records can tell you a lot of little known facts about your Selle ancestors, such as occupation. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status.
Selle Historical Records
What Selle family records will you find?
There are 9,000 census records available for the last name Selle. Like a window into their day-to-day life, Selle census records can tell you where and how your ancestors worked, their level of education, veteran status, and more.
Search 1881 Canadian census records for Selle
There are 2,000 immigration records available for the last name Selle. Passenger lists are your ticket to knowing when your ancestors arrived in Canada, and how they made the journey - from the ship name to ports of arrival and departure.
View all Selle immigration records
There are 3,000 military records available for the last name Selle. For the veterans among your Selle ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions.
View all Selle military records
You've only scratched the surface of Selle family history.
Selle Life Expectancy
What is the average Selle lifespan?
Between 1947 and 2004, in the United States, Selle life expectancy was at its lowest point in 1956, and highest in 2000. The average life expectancy for Selle in 1947 was 56, and 82 in 2004.
View Social Security Death Index (SSDI) for Selle
An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your Selle ancestors lived in harsh conditions. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more.
Famous Selle Family Ancestors
Visit our other sites:Other Sites: United StatesUnited KingdomCanada (English)Canada (Français)AustraliaDeutschlandItaliaFranceSverigeMéxico Ancestry CorporateAncestry.ie CorporateFamilyTreeMaker.comFold3.comMyCanvas.comNewspapers.comProGenealogists.comRootsWeb.com


text:
// Copyright 2014 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp;

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1;

import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.AbstractAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionEnvironment;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionKeyContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionOwner;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionResult;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact.ArtifactExpander;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.CommandAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.CommandLineExpansionException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ExecException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ExecutionInfoSpecifier;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ExecutionRequirements;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ResourceSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.SimpleSpawn;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Spawn;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.SpawnActionContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.extra.CppLinkInfo;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.extra.ExtraActionInfo;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.RuleContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.TransitiveInfoProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.BuildConfiguration;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.CollectionUtils;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.nestedset.NestedSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.nestedset.NestedSetBuilder;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.Immutable;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.ThreadCompatible;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.ThreadSafe;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.CcLinkParams.Linkstamp;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.Link.LinkTargetType;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.Link.LinkingMode;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.LinkerInputs.LibraryToLink;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.serialization.autocodec.AutoCodec;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.serialization.autocodec.AutoCodec.VisibleForSerialization;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.Fingerprint;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.ShellEscaper;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.FileSystemUtils;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/** Action that represents a linking step. */
@ThreadCompatible
@AutoCodec
public final class CppLinkAction extends AbstractAction
    implements ExecutionInfoSpecifier, CommandAction {

  /**
   * An abstraction for creating intermediate and output artifacts for C++ linking.
   *
   *
This is unfortunately necessary, because most of the time, these artifacts are well-behaved
   * ones sitting under a package directory, but nativedeps link actions can be shared. In order to
   * avoid creating every artifact here with {@code getShareableArtifact()}, we abstract the
   * artifact creation away.
   */
  public interface LinkArtifactFactory {
    /**
     * Create an artifact at the specified root-relative path in the bin directory.
     */
    Artifact create(RuleContext ruleContext, BuildConfiguration configuration,
                    PathFragment rootRelativePath);
  }

  /**
   * An implementation of {@link LinkArtifactFactory} that can only create artifacts in the package
   * directory.
   */
  public static final LinkArtifactFactory DEFAULT_ARTIFACT_FACTORY = new LinkArtifactFactory() {
    @Override
    public Artifact create(RuleContext ruleContext, BuildConfiguration configuration,
                           PathFragment rootRelativePath) {
      return ruleContext.getDerivedArtifact(
          rootRelativePath, configuration.getBinDirectory(ruleContext.getRule().getRepository()));
    }
  };

  private static final String LINK_GUID = "58ec78bd-1176-4e36-8143-439f656b181d";
  private static final String FAKE_LINK_GUID = "da36f819-5a15-43a9-8a45-e01b60e10c8b";

  @Nullable private final String mnemonic;
  private final LibraryToLink outputLibrary;
  private final Artifact linkOutput;
  private final LibraryToLink interfaceOutputLibrary;
  private final ImmutableMap<String, String> toolchainEnv;
  private final ImmutableSet<String> executionRequirements;
  private final ImmutableList<Artifact> linkstampObjects;

  private final LinkCommandLine linkCommandLine;

  /** True for cc_fake_binary targets. */
  private final boolean fake;

  private final Iterable<Artifact> fakeLinkerInputArtifacts;
  private final boolean isLtoIndexing;

  private final PathFragment ldExecutable;
  private final String hostSystemName;
  private final String targetCpu;

  private final Iterable<Artifact> mandatoryInputs;

  // Linking uses a lot of memory; estimate 1 MB per input file, min 1.5 Gib.
  // It is vital to not underestimate too much here,
  // because running too many concurrent links can
  // thrash the machine to the point where it stops
  // responding to keystrokes or mouse clicks.
  // CPU and IO do not scale similarly and still use the static minimum estimate.
  public static final ResourceSet LINK_RESOURCES_PER_INPUT =
      ResourceSet.createWithRamCpuIo(1, 0, 0);

  // This defines the minimum of each resource that will be reserved.
  public static final ResourceSet MIN_STATIC_LINK_RESOURCES =
      ResourceSet.createWithRamCpuIo(1536, 1, 0.3);

  // Dynamic linking should be cheaper than static linking.
  public static final ResourceSet MIN_DYNAMIC_LINK_RESOURCES =
      ResourceSet.createWithRamCpuIo(1024, 0.3, 0.2);

  /**
   * Use {@link CppLinkActionBuilder} to create instances of this class. Also see there for the
   * documentation of all parameters.
   *
   *
This constructor is intentionally private and is only to be called from {@link
   * CppLinkActionBuilder#build()}.
   */
  CppLinkAction(
      ActionOwner owner,
      String mnemonic,
      Iterable<Artifact> inputs,
      ImmutableSet<Artifact> outputs,
      LibraryToLink outputLibrary,
      Artifact linkOutput,
      LibraryToLink interfaceOutputLibrary,
      boolean fake,
      Iterable<Artifact> fakeLinkerInputArtifacts,
      boolean isLtoIndexing,
      ImmutableList<Artifact> linkstampObjects,
      LinkCommandLine linkCommandLine,
      ActionEnvironment env,
      ImmutableMap<String, String> toolchainEnv,
      ImmutableSet<String> executionRequirements,
      PathFragment ldExecutable,
      String hostSystemName,
      String targetCpu) {
    super(owner, inputs, outputs, env);
    if (mnemonic == null) {
      this.mnemonic = (isLtoIndexing) ? "CppLTOIndexing" : "CppLink";
    } else {
      this.mnemonic = mnemonic;
    }
    this.mandatoryInputs = inputs;
    this.outputLibrary = outputLibrary;
    this.linkOutput = linkOutput;
    this.interfaceOutputLibrary = interfaceOutputLibrary;
    this.fake = fake;
    this.fakeLinkerInputArtifacts = CollectionUtils.makeImmutable(fakeLinkerInputArtifacts);
    this.isLtoIndexing = isLtoIndexing;
    this.linkstampObjects = linkstampObjects;
    this.linkCommandLine = linkCommandLine;
    this.toolchainEnv = toolchainEnv;
    this.executionRequirements = executionRequirements;
    this.ldExecutable = ldExecutable;
    this.hostSystemName = hostSystemName;
    this.targetCpu = targetCpu;
  }

  @VisibleForTesting
  public String getTargetCpu() {
    return targetCpu;
  }

  public String getHostSystemName() {
    return hostSystemName;
  }

  @Override
  @VisibleForTesting
  public Iterable<Artifact> getPossibleInputsForTesting() {
    return getInputs();
  }

  @Override
  @VisibleForTesting
  public ImmutableMap<String, String> getIncompleteEnvironmentForTesting() {
    return getEnvironment(ImmutableMap.of());
  }

  public ImmutableMap<String, String> getEnvironment(Map<String, String> clientEnv) {
    LinkedHashMap<String, String> result = Maps.newLinkedHashMapWithExpectedSize(env.size());
    env.resolve(result, clientEnv);

    result.putAll(toolchainEnv);

    if (!executionRequirements.contains(ExecutionRequirements.REQUIRES_DARWIN)) {
      // This prevents gcc from writing the unpredictable (and often irrelevant)
      // value of getcwd() into the debug info.
      result.put("PWD", "/proc/self/cwd");
    }
    return ImmutableMap.copyOf(result);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the link configuration; for correctness you should not call this method during
   * execution - only the argv is part of the action cache key, and we therefore don't guarantee
   * that the action will be re-executed if the contents change in a way that does not affect the
   * argv.
   */
  @VisibleForTesting
  public LinkCommandLine getLinkCommandLine() {
    return linkCommandLine;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the output of this action as a {@link LibraryToLink} or null if it is an executable.
   */
  @Nullable
  public LibraryToLink getOutputLibrary() {
    return outputLibrary;
  }

  public LibraryToLink getInterfaceOutputLibrary() {
    return interfaceOutputLibrary;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the output of the linking.
   */
  public Artifact getLinkOutput() {
    return linkOutput;
  }

  /** Returns the path to the output artifact produced by the linker. */
  private Path getOutputFile(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext) {
    return actionExecutionContext.getInputPath(linkOutput);
  }

  @Override
  public ImmutableMap<String, String> getExecutionInfo() {
    ImmutableMap.Builder<String, String> result = ImmutableMap.<String, String>builder();
    for (String requirement : executionRequirements) {
      result.put(requirement, "");
    }
    return result.build();
  }

  @Override
  public List<String> getArguments() {
    return linkCommandLine.arguments();
  }

  /**
   * Returns the command line specification for this link, included any required linkstamp
   * compilation steps. The command line may refer to a .params file.
   *
   * @param expander ArtifactExpander for expanding TreeArtifacts.
   * @return a finalized command line suitable for execution
   */
  public final List<String> getCommandLine(@Nullable ArtifactExpander expander) {
    return linkCommandLine.getCommandLine(expander);
  }

  /**
   * Returns a (possibly empty) list of linkstamp object files.
   *
   *
This is used to embed various values from the build system into binaries to identify their
   * provenance.
   */
  public ImmutableList<Artifact> getLinkstampObjects() {
    return linkstampObjects;
  }

  @Override
  @ThreadCompatible
  public ActionResult execute(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
      throws ActionExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    if (fake) {
      executeFake(actionExecutionContext);
      return ActionResult.EMPTY;
    } else {
      try {
        Spawn spawn =
            new SimpleSpawn(
                this,
                ImmutableList.copyOf(getCommandLine(actionExecutionContext.getArtifactExpander())),
                getEnvironment(actionExecutionContext.getClientEnv()),
                getExecutionInfo(),
                ImmutableList.copyOf(getMandatoryInputs()),
                getOutputs().asList(),
                estimateResourceConsumptionLocal());
        return ActionResult.create(
            actionExecutionContext
                .getContext(SpawnActionContext.class)
                .exec(spawn, actionExecutionContext));
      } catch (ExecException e) {
        throw e.toActionExecutionException(
            "Linking of rule '" + getOwner().getLabel() + "'",
            actionExecutionContext.getVerboseFailures(),
            this);
      }
    }
  }

  // Don't forget to update FAKE_LINK_GUID if you modify this method.
  @ThreadCompatible
  private void executeFake(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
      throws ActionExecutionException {
    // Prefix all fake output files in the command line with $TEST_TMPDIR/.
    final String outputPrefix = "$TEST_TMPDIR/";
    List<String> escapedLinkArgv =
        escapeLinkArgv(
            linkCommandLine.getRawLinkArgv(actionExecutionContext.getArtifactExpander()),
            outputPrefix);
    // Write the commands needed to build the real target to the fake target
    // file.
    StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
    Joiner.on('\n').appendTo(s,
        "# This is a fake target file, automatically generated.",
        "# Do not edit by hand!",
        "echo $0 is a fake target file and not meant to be executed.",
        "exit 0",
        "EOS",
        "",
        "makefile_dir=.",
        "");

    try {
      // Concatenate all the (fake) .o files into the result.
      for (Artifact objectFile : fakeLinkerInputArtifacts) {
        if (CppFileTypes.OBJECT_FILE.matches(objectFile.getFilename())
            || CppFileTypes.PIC_OBJECT_FILE.matches(objectFile.getFilename())) {
          s.append(
              FileSystemUtils.readContentAsLatin1(
                  actionExecutionContext.getInputPath(objectFile))); // (IOException)
        }
      }
      Path outputFile = getOutputFile(actionExecutionContext);

      s.append(outputFile.getBaseName()).append(": ");
      Joiner.on(' ').appendTo(s, escapedLinkArgv);
      s.append('\n');
      if (outputFile.exists()) {
        outputFile.setWritable(true); // (IOException)
      }
      FileSystemUtils.writeContent(outputFile, ISO_8859_1, s.toString());
      outputFile.setExecutable(true); // (IOException)
      for (Artifact output : getOutputs()) {
        // Make ThinLTO link actions (that also have ThinLTO-specific outputs) kind of work; It does
        // not actually work because this makes cc_fake_binary see the indexing action and not the
        // actual linking action, but it's good enough for now.
        FileSystemUtils.touchFile(actionExecutionContext.getInputPath(output));
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new ActionExecutionException("failed to create fake link command for rule '"
                                         + getOwner().getLabel() + ": " + e.getMessage(),
                                         this, false);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Shell-escapes the raw link command line.
   *
   * @param rawLinkArgv raw link command line
   * @param outputPrefix to be prepended to any outputs
   * @return escaped link command line
   */
  private List<String> escapeLinkArgv(List<String> rawLinkArgv, String outputPrefix) {
    ImmutableList.Builder<String> escapedArgs = ImmutableList.builder();
    for (String rawArg : rawLinkArgv) {
      String escapedArg;
      if (rawArg.equals(getPrimaryOutput().getExecPathString())) {
        escapedArg = outputPrefix + ShellEscaper.escapeString(rawArg);
      } else if (rawArg.startsWith(Link.FAKE_OBJECT_PREFIX)) {
        escapedArg =
            outputPrefix
                + ShellEscaper.escapeString(rawArg.substring(Link.FAKE_OBJECT_PREFIX.length()));
      } else {
        escapedArg = ShellEscaper.escapeString(rawArg);
      }
      escapedArgs.add(escapedArg);
    }
    return escapedArgs.build();
  }

  @Override
  public ExtraActionInfo.Builder getExtraActionInfo(ActionKeyContext actionKeyContext) {
    // The uses of getLinkConfiguration in this method may not be consistent with the computed key.
    // I.e., this may be incrementally incorrect.
    CppLinkInfo.Builder info = CppLinkInfo.newBuilder();
    info.addAllInputFile(Artifact.toExecPaths(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkerInputArtifacts()));
    info.setOutputFile(getPrimaryOutput().getExecPathString());
    if (interfaceOutputLibrary != null) {
      info.setInterfaceOutputFile(interfaceOutputLibrary.getArtifact().getExecPathString());
    }
    info.setLinkTargetType(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkTargetType().name());
    info.setLinkStaticness(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkingMode().name());
    info.addAllLinkStamp(Artifact.toExecPaths(getLinkstampObjects()));
    info.addAllBuildInfoHeaderArtifact(Artifact.toExecPaths(getBuildInfoHeaderArtifacts()));
    info.addAllLinkOpt(getLinkCommandLine().getRawLinkArgv(null));

    try {
      return super.getExtraActionInfo(actionKeyContext)
          .setExtension(CppLinkInfo.cppLinkInfo, info.build());
    } catch (CommandLineExpansionException e) {
      throw new AssertionError("CppLinkAction command line expansion cannot fail.");
    }
  }

  /** Returns the (ordered, immutable) list of header files that contain build info. */
  public Iterable<Artifact> getBuildInfoHeaderArtifacts() {
    return linkCommandLine.getBuildInfoHeaderArtifacts();
  }

  @Override
  protected void computeKey(ActionKeyContext actionKeyContext, Fingerprint fp) {
    fp.addString(fake ? FAKE_LINK_GUID : LINK_GUID);
    fp.addString(ldExecutable.getPathString());
    fp.addStrings(linkCommandLine.arguments());
    fp.addStrings(getExecutionInfo().keySet());

    // TODO(bazel-team): For correctness, we need to ensure the invariant that all values accessed
    // during the execution phase are also covered by the key. Above, we add the argv to the key,
    // which covers most cases. Unfortunately, the extra action and fake support methods above also
    // sometimes directly access settings from the link configuration that may or may not affect the
    // key. We either need to change the code to cover them in the key computation, or change the
    // LinkConfiguration to disallow the combinations where the value of a setting does not affect
    // the argv.
    fp.addBoolean(linkCommandLine.isNativeDeps());
    fp.addBoolean(linkCommandLine.useTestOnlyFlags());
    if (linkCommandLine.getToolchainLibrariesSolibDir() != null) {
      fp.addPath(linkCommandLine.getToolchainLibrariesSolibDir());
    }
    fp.addBoolean(isLtoIndexing);
  }

  @Override
  public String describeKey() {
    StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder();
    if (fake) {
      message.append("Fake ");
    }
    message.append(getProgressMessage());
    message.append('\n');
    message.append("  Command: ");
    message.append(ShellEscaper.escapeString(linkCommandLine.getLinkerPathString()));
    message.append('\n');
    // Outputting one argument per line makes it easier to diff the results.
    for (String argument : ShellEscaper.escapeAll(linkCommandLine.arguments())) {
      message.append("  Argument: ");
      message.append(argument);
      message.append('\n');
    }
    return message.toString();
  }

  @Override
  public String getMnemonic() {
    return mnemonic;
  }

  @Override
  protected String getRawProgressMessage() {
    return (isLtoIndexing ? "LTO indexing " : "Linking ") + linkOutput.prettyPrint();
  }

  /**
   * Estimate the resources consumed when this action is run locally.
   */
  public ResourceSet estimateResourceConsumptionLocal() {
    // It's ok if this behaves differently even if the key is identical.
    ResourceSet minLinkResources =
        getLinkCommandLine().getLinkingMode() == LinkingMode.DYNAMIC
            ? MIN_DYNAMIC_LINK_RESOURCES
            : MIN_STATIC_LINK_RESOURCES;

    final int inputSize = Iterables.size(getLinkCommandLine().getLinkerInputArtifacts());

    return ResourceSet.createWithRamCpuIo(
        Math.max(inputSize * LINK_RESOURCES_PER_INPUT.getMemoryMb(),
            minLinkResources.getMemoryMb()),
        Math.max(inputSize * LINK_RESOURCES_PER_INPUT.getCpuUsage(),
            minLinkResources.getCpuUsage()),
        Math.max(inputSize * LINK_RESOURCES_PER_INPUT.getIoUsage(),
            minLinkResources.getIoUsage())
    );
  }

  @Override
  public Iterable<Artifact> getMandatoryInputs() {
    return mandatoryInputs;
  }

  /** Determines whether or not this link should output a symbol counts file. */
  public static boolean enableSymbolsCounts(
      CppConfiguration cppConfiguration,
      boolean supportsGoldLinker,
      boolean fake,
      LinkTargetType linkType) {
    return cppConfiguration.getSymbolCounts()
        && supportsGoldLinker
        && linkType == LinkTargetType.EXECUTABLE
        && !fake;
  }

  public static PathFragment symbolCountsFileName(PathFragment binaryName) {
    return binaryName.replaceName(binaryName.getBaseName() + ".sc");
  }

  /** TransitiveInfoProvider for ELF link actions. */
  @Immutable
  @ThreadSafe
  @AutoCodec
  public static final class Context implements TransitiveInfoProvider {
    // Morally equivalent with {@link Builder}, except these are immutable.
    // Keep these in sync with {@link Builder}.
    final ImmutableSet<LinkerInput> objectFiles;
    final ImmutableSet<Artifact> nonCodeInputs;
    final NestedSet<LibraryToLink> libraries;
    final NestedSet<Artifact> crosstoolInputs;
    final ImmutableMap<Artifact, Artifact> ltoBitcodeFiles;
    final Artifact runtimeMiddleman;
    final NestedSet<Artifact> runtimeInputs;
    final ArtifactCategory runtimeType;
    final ImmutableSet<Linkstamp> linkstamps;
    final ImmutableList<String> linkopts;
    final LinkTargetType linkType;
    final LinkingMode linkingMode;
    final boolean fake;
    final boolean isNativeDeps;
    final boolean useTestOnlyFlags;

    /**
     * Given a {@link CppLinkActionBuilder}, creates a {@code Context} to pass to another target.
     * Note well: Keep the Builder->Context and Context->Builder transforms consistent!
     *
     * @param builder a mutable {@link CppLinkActionBuilder} to clone from
     */
    public Context(CppLinkActionBuilder builder) {
      this(
          ImmutableSet.copyOf(builder.getObjectFiles()),
          ImmutableSet.copyOf(builder.getNonCodeInputs()),
          NestedSetBuilder.<LibraryToLink>linkOrder()
              .addTransitive(builder.getLibraries().build())
              .build(),
          NestedSetBuilder.<Artifact>stableOrder()
              .addTransitive(builder.getCrosstoolInputs())
              .build(),
          ImmutableMap.copyOf(builder.getLtoBitcodeFiles()),
          builder.getRuntimeMiddleman(),
          NestedSetBuilder.<Artifact>stableOrder()
              .addTransitive(builder.getToolchainLibrariesInputs())
              .build(),
          builder.getToolchainLibrariesType(),
          builder.getLinkstamps(),
          ImmutableList.copyOf(builder.getLinkopts()),
          builder.getLinkType(),
          builder.getLinkingMode(),
          builder.isFake(),
          builder.isNativeDeps(),
          builder.useTestOnlyFlags());
    }

    @AutoCodec.Instantiator
    @VisibleForSerialization
    Context(
        ImmutableSet<LinkerInput> objectFiles,
        ImmutableSet<Artifact> nonCodeInputs,
        NestedSet<LibraryToLink> libraries,
        NestedSet<Artifact> crosstoolInputs,
        ImmutableMap<Artifact, Artifact> ltoBitcodeFiles,
        Artifact runtimeMiddleman,
        NestedSet<Artifact> runtimeInputs,
        ArtifactCategory runtimeType,
        ImmutableSet<Linkstamp> linkstamps,
        ImmutableList<String> linkopts,
        LinkTargetType linkType,
        Link.LinkingMode linkingMode,
        boolean fake,
        boolean isNativeDeps,
        boolean useTestOnlyFlags) {
      this.objectFiles = objectFiles;
      this.nonCodeInputs = nonCodeInputs;
      this.libraries = libraries;
      this.crosstoolInputs = crosstoolInputs;
      this.ltoBitcodeFiles = ltoBitcodeFiles;
      this.runtimeMiddleman = runtimeMiddleman;
      this.runtimeInputs = runtimeInputs;
      this.runtimeType = runtimeType;
      this.linkstamps = linkstamps;
      this.linkopts = linkopts;
      this.linkType = linkType;
      this.linkingMode = linkingMode;
      this.fake = fake;
      this.isNativeDeps = isNativeDeps;
      this.useTestOnlyFlags = useTestOnlyFlags;
    }

    /**
     * Returns linker inputs that are not libraries.
     */
    public ImmutableSet<LinkerInput> getObjectFiles() {
      return this.objectFiles;
    }

    /**
     * Returns libraries that are to be inputs to the linker.
     */
    public NestedSet<LibraryToLink> getLibraries() {
      return this.libraries;
    }

    /**
     * Returns input artifacts arising from the crosstool.
     */
    public NestedSet<Artifact> getCrosstoolInputs() {
      return this.crosstoolInputs;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the runtime middleman artifact.
     */
    public Artifact getRuntimeMiddleman() {
      return this.runtimeMiddleman;
    }

    /**
     * Returns runtime inputs for the linker.
     */
    public NestedSet<Artifact> getRuntimeInputs() {
      return this.runtimeInputs;
    }

    /** Returns linkstamp artifacts. */
    public ImmutableSet<Linkstamp> getLinkstamps() {
      return this.linkstamps;
    }

    /**
     * Returns linkopts for the linking of this target.
     */
    public ImmutableList<String> getLinkopts() {
      return this.linkopts;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the type of the linking of this target.
     */
    public LinkTargetType getLinkType() {
      return this.linkType;
    }

    /** Returns the staticness of the linking of this target. */
    public LinkingMode getLinkingMode() {
      return this.linkingMode;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true for cc_fake_binary targets.
     */
    public boolean isFake() {
      return this.fake;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the linking of this target is used for a native dependency library.
     */
    public boolean isNativeDeps() {
      return this.isNativeDeps;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the linking for this target uses test-specific flags.
     */
    public boolean useTestOnlyFlags() {
      return this.useTestOnlyFlags;
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Basting brushes are essential tools for any novice or a grill-master.
Whether you're just grilling a few pieces of chicken or a full ham, a basting brush can make your life infinitely easier.
You can check out my favorite basting brush at Amazon.
They allow you to slather on large amounts of any oil, sauce, or glaze onto your food while grilling.
This promises to give it the best flavor without burning your hands or risking your other cookware over the high heat temperatures of the grill.
Luckily, basting brushes are relatively economically priced across the board. Even so, you still want something that's going to get the job done properly.
Your ideal basting brush has a long handle that can hold large amounts of liquid and evenly distribute it. Here are my tips on hoe to spot the best basting brush.
And I've added a few of my suggestions of the best options you'll find at Amazon.
Prepare the perfect basted pork on the grill.
It's pretty much agreed upon across all corners of the grilling world that silicone bristles are the absolute best material for the bristles of your basting brush.
They tend to last much longer than the competition, and are extremely heat resistant, usually up to 600℉.
You should also try to find a basting brush with as many bristles as possible.
This allows the brush to retain maximum liquids and evenly distribute it across and around your food.
They should also be at least an inch long so that they can navigate the curves and shapes of the food with ease.
The longer the handle, the better. This is mostly a safety precaution, but it's extremely important when you consider how the hot sauce or oil could bounce off of your food and burn you.
But, if the handle is too long, you might have a harder time controlling it and the sauce. Most grillers recommend about a 12 inch handle as a "just right" length.
One of the top rated basting brushes for grilling available on the market is the Elizabeth Karmel Super Silicone Angled BBQ Brush.
It's light as a feather and also has a slight angle to the brush. This is a great safety feature to keep your hands away from hot areas.
Another top choice is the Le Creuset Revolution basting brush. It is heat resistant up to 480℉. And it's famous for not staining or retaining odors.
It's over 8 inches, giving you a safe range away from the heat but enough control over the liquid to coat your food evenly.
The handle also has three notches for added control and safety. The head of the brush is about 2 inches wide and is dishwasher safe. It also comes in a variety of colors to match any grilling tool repertoire.
The OXO Good Grips tied the Le Creuset in most online reviews. It's silicone bristles are also heat resistant, but can withstand, and perform well, in temperatures up to 600℉.
However, its handle is much shorter than most other basting brushes available.
A unique feature of the OXO brush is the arrangement of the bristles.
The brush head has two types of bristles (both silicone) – one set is a bunch of flat, perforated bristles in the middle, and the other is a regular set around the edges. This allows for maximum liquid retention and an even spread.
This orange headed brush is an all-round favorite with grillers, and for good reason. The silicone bristles are heat resistant up to 440℉.
It's got a lightweight handle, and it's dishwasher safe. For added cleaning ease, it doesn't stain or retain odors, which is great if you use vinegar or other harsh smelling ingredients in your grilling.
It's also BPA free, so you can be sure you're serving safe food to your guests or family. You also get an extra pastry brush as an added bonus with this basting brush purchase.
Now you have a good idea of makes up an outstanding basting brush. And you've got some great options to choose from.
All ya' gotta do now is pick the one for you and get basting baby!
These are all of the best basting brushes on the market. If you think it'll be useful in your home, check one out and get grilling!
Planning a menu for your next barbecue? Check out my tips for the best way to cook country style ribs.
Or, if you're planning a seafood barbecue, here are my tips for grilling the perfect salmon.
Winter shouldn't mean no more barbecues! So check out my recommendations for the best indoor Korean grill.
Are you tired of trying to guess when your meat is cooked? Take the guess work out of cooking the perfect piece of meat by using an infrared thermometer.
Image Credit via Maxpixel Creative Commons Pork on the grill.


Welcome to Apollo WHITE Dental, India's Largest and most trusted Dental chain a tValasaravakkam, Chennai. With the state of the art Dental Clinic in Valasaravakkam, Chennai with a soothing ambiance and specially trained doctors ,we offers you affordable and equitable dental treatment. We practice painless and accurate dentistry. To achieve it we are equipped with the most sophisticated RVGs and Laser controlled dental equipment for achieving precision beyond comparison.


Clemson is the top team in the College Football Playoff standings and is headed toward a spot in college football's final four if it can beat the Gamecocks and then North Carolina in the ACC championship game. One loss and the Tigers' national championship hopes are all but finished.
Junior quarterback Perry Orth agrees.
A South Carolina team that finished the season with a losing record hasn't beaten Clemson since 1992, when the Gamecocks beat the Tigers 24-13 to finish the season 5-6. The Tigers also finished the season 5-6. That's the only time a sub-.500 Gamecocks team has beaten Clemson since 1970, and it's only happened seven times in history.
The first came in 1896 when coach W.H. Whaley became the school's first full-time football coach and won just one of his four games, beating the Tigers 12-6. That's also the only time in history a Gamecocks team with a losing record has beaten a Clemson team that finished with a winning record (2-1).
That was Whaley's only career victory. After one season, he gave up football and joined the South Carolina bar association. He would go on to become a United States senator.
Elliott might not go on to be a senator but his team certainly would get an emotional boost out of beating the Tigers, he said.


Smooth and Detailed Handwriting Input with DICOM Preset Mode for Displaying Medical Records.
The MS236WT features projected capacitive touch technology which is more reliable compared to other touch technologies, allowing for drag and flick finger operations to be smooth. In addition to the supplied passive touch pen, the monitor also accepts input from commercially available active stylus pens, so small and detailed letters can easily be written into a medical record.
The screen can detect up to 10 simultaneous touches so multiple people can easily operate a variety of applications. The monitor is equipped with palm rejection which allows you to rest your hand directly on the screen without causing any unintended touch input, so that you can focus on your writing.
The monitor features a DICOM preset mode whose grayscale tone is preset on the production line for optimum reviewing of medical images.
The fully flat surface provides a seamless touch experience to the edges of the screen. This makes swiping motions and scrolling easy. Furthermore dust and fingerprints can be wiped off, making cleaning a breeze.
The touch screen has a non-scratch glass surface with a hardness of 5H. In addition, the monitor is guaranteed to endure up to 50 million touches, meaning that you can confidently use the monitor for a long time.
Users can easily turn touch detection on or off by pushing the button conveniently located on the monitor's side. This helps to prevent unintended inputs when cleaning the monitor.
Due to environmental factors such as electromagnetic noise, projective capacitive touch technology can malfunction. To combat this, the monitor is equipped with technology which adjusts the touch sensitivity to minimize incorrect touch response. This ensures that the screen maintains accurate touch interaction during use.
When installing for the first time, the bundled "TPOffset (software for adjusting touch panel sensitivity)" is necessary.
In addition to Windows' standard touch panel driver, a dedicated touch panel driver is also available for use with multi-monitor configurations and touch panel sounds.
The MS236WT uses an LED-backlit IPS panel with wide viewing angles that minimizes color shift and contrast changes even when multiple people view the screen.
Due to the way brightness is controlled on LED backlights, a small number of people perceive flicker which causes eye fatigue. The MS236WT relieves eye fatigue by regulating brightness to make flicker unperceivable.
The MS236WT comes in a reclining stand and without stand variety, with gray or black cabinet colors. You can easily choose the ideal model for your environment.
The reclining stand provides flexible positioning to allow the monitor to rest flat on your desk when using a touch-pen, or to sit up when touching with your hand.
The MS236WT meets various medical standards and safety/EMC standards for use in medical institutions.
EIZO and its authorized distributors offer a three-year limited warranty.


Today Aaron shows you the best way to import and organize your images in Adobe Lightroom Classic CC. Learn how to get your photos into Lightroom from anywhere on your computer, protect them with your copyright information, and organize them using Catalogs to make finding them a breeze. Work faster and stress-free in Lightroom!


text:
Live Stream Soccer Game – Rolling Stone
U.S. soccer fans are gearing up for yet another massive World Cup game as USMNT takes on Iran in Qatar today.
The match is crucial, with one team sure to go home: The U.S. needs a win to make it to the knockout round, and Iran must win or tie to do the same. But the game also brings political baggage. On Sunday, Iran called for the U.S. to be kicked out World Cup following a since-deleted Tweet from the United States Soccer Federation supporting protesters in Iran. Tensions deepened at a news conference yesterday, where Iranian media grilled the U.S. team with questions of racial discrimination in America to U.S. Naval movement.
In other words, today's game is a must-watch for U.S. soccer fans. If you're still figuring out how to watch USA vs. Iran online, read on. Below, we've outlined how to live stream the game online, and we've found a few ways to watch USA vs. Iran online for free.
How to Watch USA vs. Iran Online Free With a VPN
The best way to watch USA vs. Iran online for free (or any other 2022 World Cup game) is to use a VPN (virtual private network). These services let you set your streaming device's location to another country, such as the U.K. where World Cup live streams can be accessed for free through BBC.
Buy ExpressVPN $12.95
To live stream USA vs. Iran for free with a VPN, sign up for a reliable VPN like ExpressVPN or NordVPN. Both cost very little per month ($12.95 for ExpressVPN, $11.99 for NordVPN) and far less if you pay for a year in advance. Plus, both VPNs come with a 30-day money-back guarantee.
Buy NordVPN $11.99
Once you're signed up for a VPN, set your location to the U.K. and tune into BBC to watch USA vs. Iran for free online.
How to Watch USA vs. Iran Online: U.S. Live Streams
Don't feel like using a VPN? Not a problem. We found a few ways to access Fox and Telemundo's U.S. live streams of the USA vs. Iran game that don't require cable or satellite. Better yet, some of these streaming services have free trials, letting you watch USA vs. Iran online for free.
1. Stream USA vs. Iran on fuboTV
With Fox and Telemundo in its channel lineup, a subscription to fuboTV is a great way to live stream USA vs. Iran online — with either English or Spanish commentary. fuboTV costs $69.99 per month, but starts with a seven-day free trial, so you can watch USA vs. Iran online for free during the trial window. Plus, you get 250 hours of cloud DVR storage if you want to record and watch the game later.
Buy Free Trial fuboTV
2. Stream USA vs. Iran on Peacock
The cheapest way to watch USA vs. Iran online is to get a subscription to Peacock, which is showing every World Cup game this year (just be aware that commentary is in Spanish). Normally $4.99 a month, Peacock is currently running a Cyber Week deal that brings the price down to just $1 a month for 12 months. Use promo code SAVEBIG at checkout to get the deal.
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3. Stream USA vs. Iran on DirecTV Stream
Another great live TV streaming service that will let you watch USA vs. Iran online for free is DirecTV Stream, which includes Fox in its lineup. The streamer costs $69.99 per year, but a subscription starts with a five-day free trial, letting you stream USA vs. Iran for free if you're a new customer. Also, DirecTV Stream offers unlimited cloud DVR for recording games.
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When is USA vs. Iran? Date, Start Time
USA vs. Iran is happening today, Tuesday, Nov. 29 at 2 p.m. ET / 11 a.m. PT. Use the cloud DVR features offered by DirecTV Stream or fuboTV to record the game if you can't watch it at that time.
USA vs. Iran Odds, Prediction
Entering today's game, Iran (ranked No. 23) is likely feeling strong after beating Wales on Friday in a decisive 2-0 victory. Of course, Iran started the tournament with a devastating 6-2 loss against England, who USMNT (No. 16) successfully fended off for a draw.
According to the numbers, USMNT is the slight favorite against Iran with odds of +100 compared to +310. But, as we've seen this past week, odds don't carry all that much weight in the World Cup.
Be sure to use one of the above streaming services (or a VPN) to watch USA vs. Iran online today.
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Масло Бабассу (, ) — получают из дерева Attalea speciosa семейства Пальмовые, которое произрастает в Бразилии, в бассейне Амазонки.

Название  «бабассу» происходит от племени Tupis, живущего в Амазонии, а его ботаническое название «Orbignya» происходит от фамилии французского палеонтолога Д'Орбиньи, который первым обнаружил пальмы в начале XIX в. в Южной Америке.

В Международной номенклатуре косметических ингредиентов (INCI) масло бабассу значится как Orbignya oleifera.

Биологическое описание
Пальма достигает 20 м в высоту. Плоды — орехи, собранные в гроздья по 500 штук. По внешнему виду напоминают небольшие кокосовые орехи.

Метод получения
Прессование из ядер орехов, которые содержат до 60-70 % масла.

Характеристика масла
Светло-жёлтого цвета, практически без запаха.
Плавится при температуре 23-30°С. При более низкой твёрдое, при нанесении на кожу тает.

Биохимия
По составу близко к кокосовому маслу, но богаче ненасыщенными жирными кислотами, иногда используется как замена кокосовому.

Насыщенные жирные кислоты:
 лауриновая (12:0) 40-55 %
 миристиновая (14:0) 14-20 %
 пальмитиновая (16:0) 7-11 %
 каприловая (8:0) 2-8 %
 каприновая (10:0) 4-8 %
 стеариновая (18:0) 2-6 %
 капроновая (6:0) до 0,2 %
Ненасыщенные жирные кислоты:
 олеиновая (18:1) 9-20 %
 линолевая (18:2) 2-8 %.

Неомыляемая фракция 0,2-0,8 %, в том числе:
токотриенолы 46 — 136 мг (более эффективные антиокислители, чем токоферолы), в том числе
 Альфа-токотриенол 25 — 46 мг / в кг
 Гамма-токотриенол 32 — 80 мг / в кг
 Дельта-токотриенол 9 — 10 мг / в кг

стеролы 500—800 мг / в кг,
в том числе:
 Холестерины 1.2 — 1.7
 Брассикастерины 0 — 0.3
 Кампестерины 17.7 — 18.7
 Стигмастеролы 8.7 — 9.2
 Bйtasisterols 48.2 — 53.9
 Delta-5-avenasterol 16.9 — 20.4
 Delta-7-avenasterol 0.4 — 1.0

Плотность: 0.914 — 0.917
Йодное число 10-22
Коэффициенты омыления:
SAP Значение NaOH = 0,1750
SAP Значение KOH = 0,2450

Косметические свойства

Производители косметики утверждают, что масло бабассу является прекрасным эмолентом и хорошо распределяется по коже, быстро впитывается и не оставляет жирного блеска и ощущения жирности. При нанесении на кожу придает ей мягкость, успокаивает, предотвращает обезвоживание кожи, делает её эластичной. Смягчает, защищает волосы, улучшает структуру повреждённых волос.

Благодаря токотриенолам обладает антиоксидантным и антивозрастным действием.

Масло бабассу содержит высокую долю лауриновой кислоты, которая обладает антимикробным действием. По этой причине косметическая промышленность использует бабассу не только для сухой и уставшей, но и для жирной, смешанной кожи с воспалениями.

Подходит для всех типов кожи, в том числе чувствительной. Уместно в антикуперозных средствах.

В составе крема придает дополнительную стабильность рецептуре.

Масло применяется в средствах для тела, является хорошей базой для массажа, используется в средствах для сухих и ломких волос, кремах, губных бальзамах и помадах, средствах для рук и ногтей.

Придаёт мылу хорошую пену.

Пищевое использование
В рафинированном виде является заменителем пальмоядрового масла в пищевых продуктах.

Ссылки
 Растительные масла и масляные экстракты: технология, стандартизация, свойства. Шиков А. Н., Макаров В. Г., Рыженков В. Е.

Растительные масла


text:
Attuma
Peter Griffin
Vitiate
Father Maxi
Arkham Knight (Arkhamverse)
Karl Tanner
Dark Knights, Final Fantasy Villains, Science Fantasy Villains,
Totalitarians
Related to Hero
Possessed/Brainwashed
Summoners
Brainwashers
One-Man Army
Affably Evil
Oppressors
Status Dependent upon Player Choice
Golbez
Theodore Harvey
Golbeza (alternate romanization)
The Man in Black (FFIV: The After Years)
Agent of Zemus
De facto Ruler of Baron
Captain of the Red Wings
Exceptional magic powers
Powerful spells such as summoning the Shadow Dragon
Exceptional swordsmanship skills
Find the Magic Crystals to activate the Giant of Babel (formerly).
Usurpation
Having the King of Baron killed
Having the Red Wings attack peaceful nations
" That is all the power you possess? A pity. Your eyes should still be free. Open them, and gaze upon true terror! "
~ Golbez
Golbez is a dark knight and a tremendously powerful sorcerer who serves as the apparent central antagonist in Final Fantasy IV. He seeks to call forth the mythical Giant of Babel and wipe out life on Earth. He is eventually revealed to be the older brother of the game's primary protagonist, under the control of the game's villain Zemus.
He was voiced by Takeshi Kaga in the Japanese version, and Peter Beckman in the English version.
Golbez was born Theodore Harvey, the son of a Lunarian named KluYa who came to earth to learn about the humans. Lunarians being vastly advanced humanoids from the Second Moon. He taught magic and science to humans and later married a human woman named Cecilia. Alas, KluYa was one night killed by greedy warmongers who wanted to learn battle magic against his wishes. Theodore tried to cast the Cure spell but to no avail. Soon after, Theodore's mother died after giving birth to his brother Cecil. Grief-struck and distraught, the young boy started hearing in his mind the voice of Zemus, an extremely powerful Lunarian who started influencing him.
With what was left of his conscience, he took his brother to the capital of the Baron Kingdom, where the king found and adopted him. Theodore hid in a cave, where Zemus took full control over him and taught him to master his immense powers. Zemus himself had been sealed long ago into the Second Moon's core by his own people, because he wanted to wipe out mankind and claim Earth for the Lunarians, but his mind remained active. The young half-Lunarian was the perfect tool he has looked for and he planned to use him to enact his demented goal at last.
When the game takes place, Theodore has become an extremely powerful sorcerer known as Golbez. Assisted by the four Elemental Archfiends sent by Zemus at his command, Golbez entered the kingdom of Baron and rose in influence. He later had the king killed and impersonated by Cagnazzo, Archfiend of Water. With what seemed to be the king under his orders, Golbez had him use the Red Wings, Baron's mighty air-fleet, in destructive raids to search for the Crystals scattered throughout the Blue Planet.
After raiding the city of Mysidia to get the Water Crystal, Cecil Harvey, the primary protagonist and the Captain of the Red Wings, protests the harm caused by his missions, but the impostor-king removes him from duty. He sends Cecil and his best friend Kain Highwind to deliver a gift to the village of Mist, populated by mages able to summon highly powerful divine beings known as Eidolons. Alas, unbeknownst to him, the "gift" is a bomb that destroys the entire village, save from a girl named Rydia (Lydia), to remove the Summoners as a threat, and Kain disappears.
Revulsed, Cecil swears to oppose Baron, being labelled as a traitor to be hunted down. Meanwhile, Golbez is appointed as the new captain of the Red Wings and starts a ruthless campaign, devastating the Damcyan Kingdom to get his hands on the Fire Crystal. Cecil leads survivors to warn the Fabul Kingdom, but even their best effort cannot ward off the invasion.
As Cecil's party is protecting the Air Crystal, Golbez sends a brainwashed Kain, who defeats Cecil, but cannot finish him off due to the intervention of Rosa Farrell, Cecil's and Kain's love interest. Golbez then barges in, blasting Cecil's friends with lightning, ordering Kain to steal the Air Crystal and kidnapping Rosa as a hostage.
To atone for his crimes, Cecil starts a pilgrimage to shed his Dark Knight past and become a Paladin. Golbez, who is keeping tabs on him, sends Scarmiglione, Archfiend of Earth, after him, but Cecil's party destroys him.
Cecil's party sneak into Baron Castle, saving their friend Yang Fang Leiden from Golbez's brainwashing and battling Baigan, a Red Wing officer whom Golbez turned into a monster. They destroy the impostor-king Cagnazzo, ending Golbez's influence over the kingdom of Baron but not over the now independent Red Wings.
Kain suggest Golbez to hold Rosa's life a ransom for the Earth Crystal, which was stolen by a powerful Dark Elf, and the party is forced to comply. In Golbez's hideout of the Tower of Zot, the sorcerer takes the Crystal and intentionally does not respect his bargain. As he is about to kill his foes, the great archmage Tellah challenges Golbez to avenge his daughter Anna, who was killed in one of his raids. None of Tellah's spells scratch the mighty sorcerer and he sacrifices his life to cast Meteor, which was sealed until recently. Grievously wounded, Golbez can no longer control Kain and Cecil rushes for the finishing blow. He strikes Cecil with lightning but mysteriously proves unable to finish him off and escapes. After saving Rosa and killing Barbariccia, Archfiend of Wind, Kain reveals that Golbez is now after the four Dark Crystals of the Underworld.
Thanks to Kain, the party ventures into the Underworld, but Golbez has already seized two Crystals. In the castle of the Dwarf King Giott, Golbez turns the Dwarf Princess Luca's dolls into monsters, before barging in; telling his foes that he needs the Crystals to gain the unfathomable power dormant in the Tower of Babel, before attacking them.
Boss Battle
Official artwork of Golbez's Shadow Dragon.
Golbez effortlessly withstands the party's attack, paralyzes them with his Binding Cold spell, and summons the Shadow Dragon who one-shot them all with its Black Fang move. Just as everything seems lost, Rydia appears to save the day, destroying the Shadow Dragon and wounding Golbez with her powerful Mist Dragon. Having been taken to the World of Eidolons where she grew up to teenage years and mastered her huge summoning powers, Rydia joins the party against Golbez, who can now be harmed. The victims of the Shadow Dragon must be revived as soon as the battle begins.
Super NES: Golbez is very easy to defeat here. He is very powerful and has many life-points, but the battle is won after dealing him over 3000 points of damage. He casts Bio (poison), Thundaga (level 3 Thunder spell) and Firaga (level 3 Fire spell), which can be reflected.
Nintendo DS Remake: Golbez is a formidable foe who puts up a
huge challenge. His Barrier Shift ability heals him whenever he is struck by elemental magic, save for a random weakness that changes after each successful hit. As such, non-elemental attacks are mandatory. Golbez casts Bio, Thundaga, Firaga and Blizzaga (level 3 Ice spell) on all targets, and Drain and Osmose to absorb a character's life-points and magic points. Using strong defenses, healing often and weakening him as much as possible is advised.
Stealing the last crystal
Golbez barely survives, and sends his animated gauntlet to seize the Dark Crystal before escaping. In the remake, he makes a dash for it with his last strength and teleports away. Later, in the Tower of Babel, Golbez destroys the bridge the party is in to cast them in the chasm, but their allies catch them on their airship. Golbez sends the Red Wings after them, but the master engineer Cid Pollendina diverts them in a suicide attack he miraculously survives.
After killing Rubicante, Archfiend of Fire, they learn that Golbez is attacking the Sealed Cave where the last Dark Crystal is located, and might break through the magic barrier anytime soon. The party enters the cave and seizes the last Crystal, but Golbez takes once again control of Kain, who steals it and flee.
Truth revealed and redemption
Golbez uses the eight Crystals to bring forth the mighty Giant of Babel, a robotic giant bigger than a tower, from the Second Moon, and sends it to destroy humanity. Fortunately, the tremor unveils the Lunar Whale airship, and the party uses it to reach the Second Moon. There, the extremely powerful Lunarian archmage FuSoYa, KluYa's brother and Cecil's uncle, reveals that Golbez is but Zemus' pawn, before going with them to Earth.
The entire population of both the Overworld and the Underworld unites against the Giant of Babel, enabling Cecil's group to enter it and reach its core. There, they destroy the Control System, stopping the giant. Enraged, Golbez appears to settle their score once and for all, but FuSoYa frees him from Zemus' grasp and reveals his true identity, Theodore Harvey, Cecil's elder brother. Determined to atone his misdeeds, Golbez, followed by FuSoYa, goes to the Second Moon to kill Zemus and put an end to his madness.
The party returns to the Second Moon and witness Zemus' demise. The wretched Lunarian is absolutely no match for his foes, who destroy him by double-casting Meteor. Unfortunately, Zemus is reborn as Zeromus, the unfathomably powerful spirit of hatred. Being impervious to attacks, the abomination dispatches all his foes with a Meteor spell of his own. Fortunately, their friends still on the Blue Planet sends them energy, enabling them to fight. Golbez tries to use one of the Crystals' power to turn Zeromus physical and vulnerable, but to no avail as he is still tainted by evil. He gives the Crystal to Cecil, who uses it and succeeds to make Zeromus corporeal. After a long battle, the heroes ultimately manage to kill the abomination, using the Crystals to seal its undying essence on the Second Moon.
Golbez, now Theodore Harvey once more, deems himself unworthy of living with the party, and decides to follow FuSoYa to hibernation. He bides farewell to his brother, who salutes him after a moment of uneasy silence. The heroes then return to the Blue Planet to live happily ever after, with Cecil becoming King of Baron and marrying Rosa.
Theodor's true appearance.
In the DS remake of the game, as Theodore is departing, his armor vanishes, revealing what he looked like as a child before getting controlled by Zemus, and he warmly smiles in earnest at the heroes.
Role in Final Fantasy IV: The After Years
Theodore Harvey returns during the events of Final Fantasy IV The After Years as the "Man in Black", to take part in the battle against the Maenad and the Creator. He is still referred to as "Golbez" to differentiate him from Cecil's son, who was named after him.
Theodor Harvey as the "Man in Black".
He is woken by a premonitory nightmare, soon joined by FuSoYa. They investigate the Crystal Palace and encounter the Maenad, who shatters the Crystal, releasing a reincarnation of Zeromus known as Zeromus' Malice. Golbez and FuSoYa manage to defeat the abomination, who unleashes his mightiest attack Big Bang when destroyed.
FuSoYa then teleports Golbez to safety into the Lunar Whale, which he uses to reach Earth. Golbez appears right on time to save Rydia from one of the Maenad's summons, before joining the party and helping them to free Cecil from the Maenad's control.
He fights with them against the Elemental Archfiends, who were resurrected by the Maenad, then against a Dark Knight Clone of Cecil. During the latter, he shields his brother from a lethal strike, and only survives if both Rosa and Theodore are in the party. Depending on this outcome, the game's ending will either show the protagonists bidding farewell to Golbez, as returns to the moon to look for FuSoYa and the lunarians; or praying on his grave. Although the novelization of the game states that Golbez died, whether or not his death is canon is not confirmed.
Role in Dissidia: Final Fantasy
Golbez fused with the Shadow Dragon.
" Even the strong have weaknesses. "
In Dissidia Final Fantasy, Golbez is unique among the villains summoned by Chaos the God of Discord, for he is not a villain to begin with. Having been fetched after being freed of Zemus' mind control, he helps the warriors of Cosmos, Goddess of Harmony, and provides guidance to his brother Cecil, while fighting them to make sure they can stand against him, and by extension the other villains.
Golbez is aloof and brooding, yet gentle and wise, giving valuable advice and harsh but constructive criticism to the heroes. He retains some villainous traits, as he manipulates the heroes without qualm; yet he only does it to push them on the right direction.He considers himself unworthy of a second chance, turning down Cecil's offers to join them and preferring referring to walk in their shadows. Still, he states that one day he will gladly walk among them.
In Duodecim, Golbez can look like the "Man in Black" from The After Years.
The prequel Dissidia Duodecim reveals that the war between Cosmos and Chaos is never-ending, each being revived by the Dragon God Shinryu whenever they fall. Dissidia features the thirteenth's and final cycle, which would see the final end of Chaos, at the cost of their world.
Golbez's secondary attire.
While still on the villains' side, he acts even friendlier towards Cecil and Kain Highwind, often healing them while evading Emperor Mateus's and Ultimecia's inquiry. While the first game focus on his relationship with his brother, Duodecim portrays him as a mentor to Kain. He often questions the motive of friends and foes alike, and often tests their resolve. Due to his unique role, he is the only villain who speaks to Cosmos and the only villain to survive his storylines.
Golbez returns in the arcade sequel/reboot Dissidia: Final Fantasy NT, facing Cecil and Kain again. A new world was created by Cosmos' dying wish. Cosmos' and Chaos' reincarnations, Materia, Goddess of Machines and Protection, and Spiritus, God of Magic and Destruction, claim it, once again summoning warriors to fight for them. Shinryu's Planet Gorgers overwhelm the world, forcing both sides to make a truce in order to lure him out and defeat him for good. Then, they all leave duplicates behind before returning to their worlds.
As a playable character
" What do you seek in this fight? "
In battle, Golbez is described as a "Thaumaturge" and he uses magical attacks that are both long-range and short-range, though they are more effective at short-range, while dealing crippling blows with his bare hands. He attacks with lightning blasts from his hand, circle or rocks around him or dark circles conjuring dark lightning under his foes feet, and dark floating spheres firing lasers.
Golbez and his Shadow Dragon, as seen in Dissidia NT.
In his EX-Mode (powered up mode) he summons his Shadow Dragon and fuses with it, which allows him to gradually regain life-points and grants him a powerful attack called Black Fang. His EX-Burst (most powerful attack) is called Twin Moon: he casts a powerful gravity spell followed by Meteor.
In Dissidia NT, he attacks by hurling fire blasts, ice blasts that freeze his foes, lightning blasts that divides into smaller ones, slow moving homing spheres of water or wind, and gravity spells that vacuums his foes. He summons his Shadow Demon to fight by his side and increase the power and range of his attacks. If wounded enough, the Dragon disappears, hindering him.
Appearance in other games
Golbez appears as a summon in Final Fantasy Dimensions II, in which the protagonists must investigate a strange event involving the Crystal that sustain their world, and save it from Dark Forces. His promotional artwork features him with a demonic wing and an angelic one, likely figuring his villainous role and final redemption.
Golbez, as seen in Final Fantasy Dimensions II.
Golbez's attack depends on the type of summon. He will either call forth his Shadow Dragon to cast the one-hit-kill Black Fang on all targets, the paralyzing Binding Cold on all Targets, the devastating Meteor, or various elemental spells. He is also fought as a boss, using the same abilities.
Golbez is featured in Theatrhythm Final Fantasy, a game consisting in music sequences divided between Field, Event and Battle, in which the player has to hold notes in tune to the series' most famous musical themes. The battles against him from the original game are re-enacted in the Theme of Love Music Sequence. In Theatrhythm Final Fantasy Curtain Call, he is fought like in Final Fantasy IV and Dissidia in Battle Sequences. In Theatrhythm Final Fantasy All-Star Carnival, he is fought as a boss, then featured as playable character, using his mightiest attack Twin Meteor.
Golbez is fought as a boss in the action puzzle game Pictlogica Final Fantasy, in which the player must defeat enemies in RPG-style while solving puzzles and riddles.
Golbez serves as a summonable Legend (assist character) in the mobile game Final Fantasy: Airborne Brigade, in which the protagonists must prove themselves to the Guardian Forces and save the world from a monster invasion. He attacks with his Dissidia moves.
Golbez is featured as a collectible card in the social card collecting game Final Fantasy Artniks, in which the protagonists are tasked by the Dragon King Bahamut to spin the tale of the world he summoned them into to help shape it. His card replicates his official Dissidia artwork.
Golbez appears in the free-to-play game Final Fantasy: Record Keeper, as well as the IOS/Android games Final Fantasy: All the Bravest and Final Fantasy World Wide Words, which re-enacts many of the series' most memorable battles. In Record Keepers, he is fought as a boss, and can later be recruited as a party member. He is fought pretty much in the same way as in the original game, and uses Binding Cold to inflict paralysis.
Golbez appears separately as a playable party member and as a boss in Final Fantasy Brave Exvius, which gathers characters from many Square Enix games to fight iconic monsters. As a boss, he is fought in the Giant of Babel mode, he resists status effects but is easily dispatched by a strong enough team's combos. He has the innate ability Binding Cold, that can inflict paralysis, and he casts many powerful spells like the poisoning Bio and its power-ups, Blizzaga, Firaga, Thundaga, Gravity, the life-draining Drain, and the magic-draining Osmose.
Golbez makes a cameo in the Mana mobile phone game Rise of Mana, in which two protagonists from warring species of the Spirit Realm, the divine Rasta and demonic Daruka, must share a body and learn to cooperate in the physical planes. He serves as a very powerful and dangerous super boss, appearing as a giant, many times larger than his already imposing frame, floating in a dark floating void. The protagonists must keep as close to him as possible and strike it repeatedly with all they can, while minding his dangerous attacks.
Golbez's card as seen in Guardian Cross.
Golbez and his Shadow Dragon make separate cameo appearances in the crossover arcade strategy games Lord of Vermilion II & III, which features collectible cards and battles in open space while controlling units, consisting in characters from many Square Enix games. He serves as a very powerful summon units who fights with his spells from the original game. He is also featured as a rank 5 "Giant Guardian" card in the game Guardian Cross.
Zemus' influence amplified Golbez's worst traits and made him forget his entire past. He is now an imperturbable, relentless, cruel and scornful individual, always acting quickly and efficiently. He regards humans as disposable trash, kills dozens, manipulates people, and betrays his promises without batting an eyelid. Being under Zemus' complete control, most of his evil mirrors that of the despicable Lunarian.
In fact, Theodore Harvey is caring, generous and empathetic. As a child, he showed deep love and loyalty to his family. Even when his grief pushed him to blame his baby brother for his mother's death, he sought to ensure his well-being. Years later, even with Cecil at his mercy, he resisted the mind control and proved unable to finish him off. While he is abusive and ruthless to his men, he displayed some niceness towards his four closest servants.
After Zemus' control is lifted, he takes full responsibility for his crimes and swears to atone by saving the world he endangered, being fully willing to die in the process. Even Zemus' death cannot fully relieve his guilt and shame. In The After Years, he has become stoic, reserved, melancholic and self-sacrificing. Yet, he retains an outrageous sense of humor and sarcasm, displays empathy even for his foes, and still respects his former demonic subordinates.
Powers and Abilities
Golbez is an extremely powerful and accomplished sorcerer, who can cast Meteor (the most devastating spell in existence) with no strain, and masters unique spells. He knows Summon Magic unavailable to normal mages, and is the only one to survive his summoner's destruction. Probably due to his armor, only magic as strong as his own can break his defense, and his Barrier Shift ability protects him against elemental magic. He can float, teleport, use telepathy, see and talk far away, animate things, turn objects and people into monsters, brainwash people, and control monsters, just to name a few. In The After Years, he displays tremendous swordsmanship skills and physical strength.
Final Fantasy IV DS Music - Golbez, Clad in Dark
Golbez's name comes from a mistranslation of Goluback Fly, a venomous insect from Central Europe named after a medieval town of Serbia, which according to the legend were born from the corpse of a dragon. It is similar to the Mysidian Legend foretelling Cecil's victory over Zemus, speaking of a warrior born of a dragon. In flashbacks, Zemus refers to both the in-game and real-world legends when speaking telepathically to Theodore, calling him "an insect born from a dragon".
Final Fantasy IV Villains
Baron Empire
Golbez | Elemental Archfiends (Scarmiglione | Cagnazzo | Barbariccia | Rubicante)| Kain Highwind | Baigan | Dr. Lugae | Red Wings
Zemus/Zeromus | Maenad | The Creator
Retrieved from "https://villains.fandom.com/wiki/Golbez?oldid=3421462"
Final Fantasy Villains
Science Fantasy Villains


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Sen. Rand Paul wants to repeal the Espionage Act amid the Mar-a-Lago investigation
By Juliana Kim
Pool/Getty Images
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., is calling for the repeal of the Espionage Act.
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., is calling for the Espionage Act to be repealed amid a federal investigation into the possible mishandling of government records and classified documents that were found at former President Donald Trump's Florida home.
"The espionage act was abused from the beginning to jail dissenters of WWI. It is long past time to repeal this egregious affront to the 1st Amendment," Paul wrote.
The statement comes less than a week after the FBI search at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Fla. Investigators took multiple sets of classified documents from the property. The search warrant lists three laws that appear central to the federal investigation, including one that's part of the Espionage Act. So far, neither Trump nor any of his aides have been charged in the investigation.
This would be the first time in U.S. history that a former president has been known to be investigated under the Espionage Act, but it's not the first time the law has been under scrutiny, experts say. Indeed, though Trump has not been charged with any wrongdoing, holding onto classified documents is against the law.
What the law is and how it holds up today
The Espionage Act was passed in 1917, a few months after the U.S. entered World War I. The original law made it illegal for people to obtain or disclose information relating to national defense that could be used to harm the U.S. or benefit another country.
That description has helped prosecute some spies, but increasingly it has been used to threaten or put to trial those who leak sensitive information, Sam Lebovic, a history professor at George Mason University, told NPR.
During the Obama administration, eight people were charged with leaking national security secrets to the media under the Espionage Act — more than all the previous administrations combined. At least six more leakers were charged during the Trump administration, according to Lebovic.
Over the years, press freedom advocates have grown concerned that administrations cherry pick what leaked information is deemed a threat to national security.
"Government officials leak classified information to the press all the time. That's how huge amounts of journalism happen," Lebovic said. "Most of it is let go and allowed to happen. Only the instances that really upset the government in power are the ones that are prosecuted."
Why some are calling for the law to be revised
Heidi Kitrosser, a law professor at Northwestern University, told NPR the danger with the act is that it's too vague and broad.
The law does not explicitly define what "national defense" is or what information could threaten it, she added. Although the U.S. has since created a classification system, there is still a lot of room for interpretation.
More concerning to Kitrosser, the law does not explicitly care about public interest or whether the leaker in question had good motives. That's why a broad spectrum of people can be under threat.
"If the act had a public interest defense, that would give us some kind of focal point around so that we could draw a distinction between somebody leaking information about abuse of a government program to the American media — versus someone storing highly classified secrets in a resort hotel," she said.
Sen. Rand Paul said the law was used to jail dissenters during WWI. Is that true?
Yes — but it would be difficult for the law to be applied the same way today, Lebovic said.
The anecdote referred by Paul has to do with an early section of the law that targeted people who spoke out against the war.
Roughly 1,000 people were jailed for criticizing World War I but that effort drew intense criticism, according to Lebovic. In 1920, lawmakers repealed the harshest censorship sections of the law. Over the coming decades, the rise of the First Amendment movement also helped protect dissident speech.
That being said, Lebovic said the Espionage Act still raises some concerns about censorship and dissent.
"There's been a shift in the way censorship works, that the government no longer censors expression or opinion or speech. It now censors information," he said.
Juliana Kim
Juliana Kim is a weekend reporter for Digital News, where she adds context to the news of the day and brings her enterprise skills to NPR's signature journalism.