text:
Q: Iterate through a list and check each element with your own condition? For an homework, I am trying to iterate through the list and make an if statement to each of the elements I encounter in Common Lisp.
Most of my problems come from me not knowing the syntax very well though.
Here is what I am trying to do:
*lst* is for example (1 4 2 6 4 7 2 4)
(setq finalList())

(loop for x in lst

    (if ((< x 5) && (not(equal(x nil))))       ; IF x < 5 and x != nil

         (append lst x)                        ; THEN STATEMENT

         (princ "Skip")                        ; ELSE STATMENT
     )

That logically should have done it, however, I am possibly wrong with my syntax
(If I forgot extra colon here, judge if as pseudo code, thanks)
How to iterate through the list and make an if else statements to each of the elements I encounter?

A: Errors

*

*Syntax: instead of infix &&, you need prefix and

*loop requires the keyword do before the if form.

*append is non-destructive, so if you did not assign its return value to a variable, you did nothing.

*Lisp function call syntax is (func arg1 arg2 ...) and not (func (arg1 arg2 ...)) as you use in your equal call.

*The order of conditionals matters: if x is nil, then (< x 5) will signal an error, so you need to check x before the comparison.

*The long and complicated (not (equal x nil)) is actually equivalent to x.

*Unlike in other languages (e.g., C and Python), in Lisp parens matter, e.g., foo, (foo), ((foo)) are three very different things and can never be used interchangeably.
Solutions
Use the Loop micro-language
The loop facility is perfect as it has the if and collect clauses:
(loop for x in lst
   if (and x (< x 5))
   then collect x
   else (print x))

Note: this does not really look like Lisp, so you might want to steer clear of loop while you are learning the language.
Use Functional Programming
(remove-if-not (lambda (x) (and x (< x 5))) lst)

Note: this does not print the dropped elements, I am sure you had the print clause for debugging only anyway.
Use Iteration
(let ((res ()))
  (dolist (x lst (nreverse res))
    (when (and x (< x 5))
      (push x res))))

Note: I use nreverse: since we construct the result list ourselves, the is no reason not to use the destructive version or reverse.


Let your guests know the running order of your wedding day with these stylish wedding program cards from our Lexi collection.
The cards are printed double sided on A5 350gsm smooth card with the bride and grooms names on the front, and the order of the day and/or service on the reverse. Perfect for informal wedding ceremonies. Choose from a black or white background on the front of the card.


This expert has been a licensed, practicing attorney since 1987. He regularly practices in both Oregon and Washington state, where he has represented numerous lending institutions, private lenders, small and large businesses, and individuals. His practice has spanned numerous commercial and business areas such as real estate transactions, commercial lending, bankruptcy, and litigation, among others. He is a regular speaker at Continuing Legal Education events in Oregon and Washington on these and other topics. He has also testified as an expert witness in state and federal courts.
Current, Owner & Senior Managing Partner, a Law Practice in the Northwest U.S.


A quick update and some pics.
Greetings from the Holy Land! Spent the last few days wandering all over the old city section of Jerusalem. Stunning place, really, although so very puzzling. The religious energy is intense, and culturally it's at once open and guarded. But it's a thrilling place. We've also managed to balance out the trip a little and head over into the occupied territories, specifically Ramallah and Bethlehem, where tourist dollars are much needed. Both fascinating places. Again, though, another layer to complicated land with its contradictions and challenges.
Walking near the Western Wall, with the Dome of the Rock in the background.
Hummus and Ful (fava beans slow-cooked in a copper pot) at Lina's in the Christian Quarter of the Old City. The hummus, easily some of the best I've eaten, had a silky texture texture and rich, deep flavors while the ful was invigorating and bright.
Okay I'm not really in Paris, at least not physically. Sometimes when I get a little ancy or am feeling a desire to be easily distracted, I tune in to Les Concerts à Emporter, or the Take Away Shows, a series of intimate musical performances recorded and videoed in Paris by the team behind La Blogotheque. Often set in an apartment living room, kitchen, a bar or even out in the street, the shows have a transporting immediacy. They also — at least for me — inspire apartment envy. And of course, when Les Concerts does go out of doors, to the Parisian streets, the whole thing becomes something of a music video guide to what's possibly the world's greatest city.
There are many more; go here to have a look for yourself.
We wound down 2008 with a mini-road trip up the Sonoma and Mendocino coasts. Below is Point Arena and its lighthouse, which was unfortunately being renovated when we stopped there. But the hiking along the rocks and cliffs is spectacular!
Right on the countyline between Sonoma and Mendocino is the townlet of Gualala (which some people pronounce "wah-lah-lah"). There's a long beach with lots of driftwood at the mouth of the Gualala River, making for excellent beachcombing.
We stayed at St. Orres, a funky timecapsule from the mid-70s here on the far coast. Whimsically built to recall the 19th century Russian influence in the area, St. Orres consists of a lodge and a series of small cabins spread among several acres of oceanside forest. Cool stuff. Quiet, idyllic, with zero cell phone reception or internet (yay!). There's also a hot tub overlooking the Pacific and an excellent sauna — also built to be sort of Russian, although really it's 1970s Northern California in all its splendor, right down to the hot tub. There's a restaurant in the main lodge which some people will say is good, but trust me: Don't eat there. Instead, check out Pangaea in nearby Gualala (billed as "lusty, zaftig, soulful food") — it rocks. Great food and a fine selection of regional wines from the Sonoma and Mendocino Coasts.
Below, some of our spoils: Anthill Farms 2006 Comptche Ridge Pinot Noir, from a vineyard planted a few miles inland from Albion on the Mendocino coast; and Renard's 2003 Peay Vineyard Syrah, from the Peays' vineyard a couple miles inland from Gualala and Sea Ranch.
*Note: The New York Times recently ran this article on the community of Sea Ranch, a few miles down the coast from Gualala.
For a while there Oakland got a really bad rap: Crime, urban decay, you name the disease and this city suffered from it. Things began to noticeably change back during the first dot-com boom when rents and the cost of living in San Francisco became untenable for many of the working class and creative class (like that situation has changed any), a number of whom uprooted and settled across the bay. Maybe this mirrors the story of Brooklyn?
I first noticed that Oakland was serious about attracting City folk while visiting my sister once. At the time, she lived near Lake Merritt, just south of downtown Oakland, in a beautiful arts & crafts apartment building. She'd afixed to her a door an ad courtesy of mayor Jerry Brown asking San Franciscans where to move in their city to avoid the fog. Answer: Oakland. While I never took that bait, I have found some excellent destinations in Oakland. And, as a bonus for Bay Area foodies, parts of the city are becoming outright gourmet destinations, with former employees of Chez Panisse setting up shop south of their alma mater.
Today I found myself BARTing over after work to meet a winemaker from Napa to talk about an upcoming freelance project I'm working on. He'd suggested we meet at Café Van Kleef, a place I'd never heard of, but that didn't matter: As a resident of San Francisco, many voyages across the bay become the stuff of adventure, and this place didn't disappoint. A vast, creative space, shrouded in darkness and filled with 20th century bric-a-brac, it's home to a variety of musical acts, many of whom will actively recruit bar patrons to sing back up. It also seems to exist in it's own time warp, or rather its own universe. The best part? When I left, I felt a strong sense of déja-vu: I'll be back.
*On my way home I stopped by my neighborhood wine shop, Arlequin, to pick up a few more bottles of Cascina Morassino's 1996 Barbaresco, available for the whopping price of $29 (they got it as a close out). It's honest, unfussed nebbiolo, expressive and aromatic, with lasting flavors and great focus. And it's drinking perfectly right now. We drank my last bottle over the weekend with pizza (and yes, Dr. J, I'd have to agree: Pizza and nebbiolo does rock!), so I needed some more. Wine deal of the year, dammit.
Simon and I were joined by the Third Degree last Saturday in Golden Park for some serious picnic action. Food spread: a garlicy saucisson, St. Marcellin, crusty bread. Washed it all down with a couple bottles of '06 Willamette Valley pinot gris (which to me is looking like a lovely vintage for Oregon gris) while sprawled out on my favorite grassy knoll in the park.
Afterwards we headed over to the Conservatory of Flowers, surly one of the best kept secrets in San Francisco. This stunning Victorian greenhouse is located conveniently near the Stanyan/Fell Street entrance to Golden Gate Park, just off MLK Drive. The Third Degree and I remember a ramshackle building and broken panes of glass from about when we both moved here, but thankfully the Conservatory was restored to its 19th century splendor a few years ago.
It's hard to beat a sunny day in Golden Gate Park.
The entrance to the Conservatory of Flowers. The Conservatory opened in 1879 and it is the oldest public conservatory of its kind in North America.
Parts of the Conservatory are off limits, but not to worry: The USDA has got your back!
One current exhibition features Penjing, or Chinese miniature landscapes with exquisitely carved landscapes and tiny cultivated plants and mosses.
Lots of educational signage at the Conservatory. At its heart, the Conservatory is rather sexually explicit.
There was also a butterfly exhibit where we were able to see the pollinators hard at work.
I'm not so sure that this large cockroach was doing any pollinating…eeww!
Orchids: A study in temptation.
Once the sun set, we stumbled home to Hayes Valley for a bite to eat. Not feeling entirely ready for bed, Simon and I walked over to Jardinère where we sat at the bar for fried olives and some exceptional Sherry that sommelier Eugenio Jardim insisted we try. Now I love Sherry but for some reason it's something I don't drink very often–and I now plan to change that immediately. Both the Gutierrez Colosia "Elcano" Fino from Puerto de Santa Maria and the Dios Baco Imperial 20 Year Amontillado (V.O.S.) from Jerez de la Frontera were exceptional. Dry, salty and crisp, they matched the olives perfectly.
I'd never heard of these Sherries before, but they're available at the Spanish Table in Berkeley (Spanish Table also has stores in Mill Valley and Seattle). Of course, you could also try them at Jardinère. Just don't miss the olives.


text:
Announcements, News
Announcement: Debates in the Digital Humanities – A book series from the University of Minnesota Press
In the three years since Debates in the Digital Humanities was first published by the University of Minnesota Press, debates in and around the digital humanities (DH) have continued to grow. Scholars now anchor major research projects in digital methods; institutions have reorganized, both structurally and financially, to make room for DH programs; and scholars and institutions alike have turned outwards, advocating for the digital humanities on a global stage. At the same time, a number of critiques have forced the field to expand its scope, accounting for more diverse practices and perspectives.
In this context, we are pleased to announce the Debates in the Digital Humanities Series, a new book series from Minnesota. By identifying ideas and discussions as they emerge, and by providing a platform through which conversations can unfold and be preserved, the series will highlight key tensions that are shaping the field. The series will have two major components: the Debates in the Digital Humanities Annual, which will highlight conversations that have influenced the field during a given year, and books on special topics that warrant more focused and extended discussion.
Source: Debates in the Digital Humanities
in Announcements, News
Announcement: Call For...
Editors' Choice: What's New...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A hack that uses real time data from the London Air project and Google street view to help you see the pollution that is present but invisible.
A hardware hack to a Rainbowduino 8×8 RGB matrix display allowing it to display power consumption data as big bold colourful graphics. Data received wirelessly from the Open Energy Monitor EmonTx. Ideal for old folks or visually impaired who may struggle with digital display devices.


It is no secret that I have a strong affection for working dogs, in fact, any animal that works for the benefit of man. But I have never had as much time working with that other great friend of man; the horse.
So, when I had the opportunity to work with and photograph a ghillie out stalking, in The Scottish Highlands, with his working Highland Ponies I jumped at the chance. My time with the ghillie, Eric Starke, plus his ponies Mia and Cally was highly memorable as I watched them working in the step sided Angus Glens bringing the Red Deer Stags off the hill, often over terrain that would be inaccessible to even the highest tech modern off-road multi-terrain vehicles.
The photography was part of a commission for a magazine article about the use of Highland Ponies in the Scottish Highlands then with the editor's agreement I have published a book about my time following Eric and his ponies.


1939 – Countryside Fire Protection District incorporated on July 14. Contracted with the Mundelein Fire Department to provide service to the District.
1959 – Station 1 opened on Midlothian Road on January 1 with on-call, volunteer firefighter/first responders.
1975 – Started providing paramedic level ambulance service.
1976 – Opened Station 2 in Vernon Hills and began providing full-time firemedic (firefighter/paramedic) coverage and reduced response times to the eastern portion of the District.
1981 – Second floor addition built on Station 1 to provide living quarters for 24-hour firemedic staffing at Station 1.
1992 – Remodeled Station 2 to provide space for administrative offices making it the District's new headquarters.
1998 – Became the first fire district to be recognized as an internationally accredited fire agency by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International.
1999 – Achieved additional accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Ambulance Services.
2003 – Reaccredited by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International for another five years.
2004 – Remodeled Station 2 again to provide much needed additional space for Countryside's growing operations.
2006 – Station 1 demolished to accomodate construction of a new, state-of-the art fire station to better serve the western portion of the District. During the construction, Countryside's "Station 1" personnel and apparatus relocated to Mundelein's two stations.
2007 – The new Station 1 opens providing more space for apparatus, personnel, and most notably, a new dispatch center.
2008 – Reaccredited again by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International for another five years.
2013 – Reaccredited by the Commission on Fire Accreditation International for 4th time.


text:
Q: PHP classes for facebook, twitter and google I am looking for php wrapper classes for Facebook, Twitter and Google. I need to use these functionalities:

*

*Login

*Post to wall/twitter feed

Are there any good classes available that you know of? Or am I better of writing them myself.
Thanks.

A: You need to signup on phpclasses.org which is totally free. and then you can download these classes. along with documentation.
php wrapper class for facebook:
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/5200-PHP-Facebook-API-wrapper.html
php wrapper class for twitter:
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/4075-PHP-Set-and-retrieve-Twitter-user-status.html
php wrapper class for google:
http://www.phpclasses.org/package/920-PHP-PHP-class-library-to-access-the-Google-API-viaSOAP.html
I'm using one in my project.
please also give a go to follwoing links, (Step by step guide):
http://www.9lessons.info/2011/02/login-with-facebook-and-twitter.html
http://www.pakt.com/pakt/?id=5e17b48f5679ab47
Hope this helps.

A: For Facebook: https://github.com/facebook/php-sdk/
For Twitter: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/twitter-libraries#php
For Google, it depends of what web service are you going to use (Calendar, Google+, etc).
Basically, their authentification process works using oAuth. You have a lot of information about it on Google. Furthermore, there are some classes for some PHP frameworks as CodeIgniter (if you use one of them).

A: Here's a Facebook's SDK for PHP:
https://github.com/facebook/php-sdk
Here you can find a documentation on how to use the Facebook's API:
http://developers.facebook.com/docs/

A: For Facebook you should check their Facebook for Websites manual where you have everything explained, along with some code samples.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Check the "Sync Bookmarks with" option and select "Internet Explorer"
So?? when are you people going to include Firefox & Google Chrome into Bookmarks syncing???
As per November 2011, the situation has not evolved.
I am on a Mac G5, OS 10.5.8. I have too many bookmarks and decided to start over. I did a backup to HTML in case I needed a old book mark. I deleted the Bookmarks.plist and Safari rebuilt a new one with basic starter bookmarks. Good, that is what I wanted.
When I sync with my iPhone 3Gs, the bookmarks don't change. I reset the iPhone and restored, with the old large bookmarks and tried to overwrite at the next sync, no luck.
I deleted the bookmarks on the iPhone, then tried to sync again, the large bookmarks repopulated the phone.
This started because my bookmarks also sync to Xmarks in the cloud. My data was so large it was taking a while and I had errors.
Deleting files one by one on the iPhone take a long time, if it is too many layers, it will not delete and I need to drill down to delete.
So what next? Anyone have any ideas?
Note: I was using Xmarks on the desktop, not on the iPhone.
I fixed it, go to Applications > iSync.app > iSync > Preferences and click on "Reset Sync History".
I thought it was only for sync to the clouds, it seems to work for all sync.


text:
Helicobacter pylori in Pakistan | IDR
Helicobacter pylori, an infectious agent of human chronic active gastritis and also associated with other gastric ailments such as peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.1 Clarithromycin is considered the best option among other antibiotics for the management of this bacterial infection.2 However, increasing resistance against this antibiotic has declined its eradication rates.
H. pylori possess two genes of 23S rRNA and mutation in any one gene confers clarithromycin resistance phenotype.3 The most frequent and well-studied molecular pathway for clarithromycin resistance is due to A2142G and A2143G point mutations in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene.4 Other mutations like A2142C, G1939A, A2115G, G2141A, A2144G, A2144T, C2147G, T2182C, G2224A, and T2215C vary geographically and found to mediate resistance phenotype.1,3,5
This study on the characterization of 23S rRNA gene mutations in clinical isolates of H. pylori in Pakistan found three new features of domain V. First, a new MboII RFLP pattern was found. Second, 1.2 kb long amplicons of domain V instead of 1.4 kb with a specific primer set were obtained. Third, multiple new point mutations were observed in intermediate resistant isolates.
Previously, no data were available on the 23S rRNA gene mutations other than at 2142 and 2143 positions from this region. In this study, besides the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations A2142G, A2143G, A2143C, other multiple point mutations in the domain V of 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori, and their effect on clarithromycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are reported.
This cross-sectional study comprised 93 dyspeptic patients enrolled for upper esophageal-gastroduodenoscopy (OGD) at two hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and written informed consent was obtained from each enrolled patient before endoscopy for the collection of biopsies. Moreover, study methodology was approved by the Board of Advance Studies and Research, University of Karachi. From each patient, six biopsies were obtained, ie, two from antrum, two from corpus, and two from fundus. A total of 558 biopsies were collected from 93 patients. A structured questionnaire was also used to obtain the information about the earlier use of any anti-H. pylori treatment.
H. pylori Culture
Gastric biopsies were transported in Stuart transport medium (CM111; Oxoid) at 4°C. One biopsy of antrum, corpus, and fundus from each patient was directly rubbed against the surface of Columbia blood agar plates (CM331; Oxoid) supplemented with 10% sheep blood, Nalidixic acid (0.01 mg/mL), Vancomycin (0.006 mg/mL), Amphotericin B (0.006 mg/mL), Cefsulodine (0.005 mg/mL), and Tetrazolium chloride (0.04 mg/mL). Plates were placed in an anaerobic jar (AN25; Oxoid) with a Campygen microaerophilic gas generating kit (CN25; Oxoid). The anaerobic jar was placed in an incubator at 37°C for up to 7 days. After 72 hours of incubation, plates were daily checked for the appearance of H. pylori golden pigmented colonies due to the reduction of tetrazolium chloride. After 7 days plates with no growth were discarded and considered as culture negative. Golden pigmented colonies were further Gram-stained and checked for urease test. The agar dilution method was used to check the clarithromycin susceptibility as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.6 Briefly, using Muller-Hinton agar (CM337; Oxoid) supplemented with 5% sheep blood, two-fold serial dilutions of clarithromycin concentrations were prepared (0.004 mg/mL to 0.000125 mg/mL). Clarithromycin MICs breakpoints were noted according to the CLSI criteria (≤0.00025 mg/mL, susceptible; 0.0005 mg/mL, intermediate; ≥0.001 mg/mL, resistant).
Rapid Urease Test
Each patient also contributed the antrum, corpus, and fundus biopsies that were immersed separately in urease test tubes and incubated at room temperature for 12 hrs. Tubes were inspected for color change from yellow to bright magenta. Rapid urease test tubes were prepared as described previously.7 Briefly, the following components were mixed, filter sterilized, and stored at −20°C: yeast extract (10 mg), KH2PO4 (9.1mg), Na2HPO4 (9.5 mg), urea (4000 mg instead of 2000 mg), and 15 drops of phenol red (0.5% solution).
Cell lysate of H. pylori culture was prepared as described previously,8 and directly used in the PCR reaction. Genomic DNA from urease test biopsies was also extracted using the previously described method.9,10 The DNA pellet was re-suspended in 10–15 µL of TE (Tris-HCl 10mM (pH: 8.00), EDTA 1mM), and stored at −20°C until use.
Amplification of H. pylori DNA
H. pylori detection in gastric biopsies was performed using the 16S rRNA gene Helicobacter genus-specific PCR and the vacA gene multiplex PCR for signal (s) and middle (m) region alleles.11–13 Samples found positive in both PCR methods were further used for the amplification of 1.4 kb long region of domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. The amplified fragments of the domain V were purified using Quantum Prep Freeze N Squeeze DNA gel extraction spin columns (Fermentas, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA), and further used in H. pylori-specific nested PCR to amplify the 696bp internal region of the domain V as previously described.12 PCR reaction volume was 50µL and the mixture consisted of 5 µL template DNA (3.2 ng), 1µM each primer, 200µM each dNTPs, 1.5mM MgCl2, 1x buffer, and 1.5U of Taq polymerase (Fermentas, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Amplification was performed in the Applied Biosystems, GeneAmp PCR, 2400. Summary of oligonucleotides and PCR cycle conditions is presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Primer Pairs and PCR Cycle Conditions Used to Amplify H. pylori Various Gene Fragments from Gastric Biopsies
PCR-RFLP for the Detection of Point Mutations
The 1.4 kb long domain V fragments from gastric biopsies and culture isolates were analyzed for mutation detections using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Amplicons were treated with MboII and BsaI restriction endonucleases (Fermentas, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) for the detection of A2142G and A2143G mutations, respectively. Digestion reaction consisted of 10 ul PCR products, 1x buffer, 10 and 20 units of MboII and BsaI restriction enzymes, respectively, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. PCR products were digested during 10-hours of incubation at 37°C. Restriction digestion products were separated by electrophoresis on a 1.2% agarose gel with 100-bp DNA molecular weight marker (Fermentas, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Endonuclease MboII digested PCR products having A2142G mutation are expected to yield two fragments of 710 bp and 692 bp that comigrate in agarose gel. Endonuclease BsaI digested PCR products having A2143G mutation should yield three fragments of 700 bp, 400 bp, and 300bp.
Sequencing for the Detection of Point Mutations
The commercial sequencing facility from Macrogen Inc. Seoul, Korea, using an ABI 3730XL sequencer was used for DNA sequencing. A total of thirteen 696 bp nested amplicons of domain V were sequenced.
Nucleotides Sequence Analysis
The 696 bp long domain V sequences were aligned with the reference sequences of the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori strains 26695, J99, and U27270 (GenBank accession No.). The numbering of nucleotides was done as described previously.14
Nucleotides Sequence Accession Numbers
The nucleotide sequences reported in this study have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers KY353088 to KY353100.
Bacterial Culture and Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing
A total of 93 dyspeptic patients participated in this study. Among them, anti-H. pylori treatment history was found in 08 (8.6%) patients. The culture showed positive results in 48 (51%) patients. Of these strains, 46 (96%) were recovered from untreated and 02 (4%) from clarithromycin-treated patients. Of the 48 H. pylori isolates, 22 (46%) were categorized as clarithromycin resistant (MIC ≥ 0.001 mg/mL), 10 (21%) as intermediate resistant (MIC= 0.0005 mg/mL), and 16 (33%) isolates were considered as susceptible (MIC ≤ 0.00025 mg/mL).
A positive urease test was found in 48 (51.6%) culture-positive biopsies and in 02 (2%) culture-negative biopsies. Overall, 50 (53.7%) biopsies showed a positive urease test.
PCR Based H. Pylori Detection
H. pylori infection was confirmed by using 16S rRNA gene Helicobacter genus-specific and H. pylori-specific vacA gene PCR. Samples were considered positive for H. pylori DNA only if they showed positive results in both PCR methods. Both targeted genes, 16S rRNA and vac A, were present in all cultures and urease test positive biopsies. However, 08 (8%) culture and urease test negative and 02 (2%) culture-negative samples also showed positive results in PCR methods. Overall, both PCR methods detected infection in 58 (62%) samples.
Helicobacter 16S rRNA gene PCR also showed positive amplification in 13 (13.9%) urease test, culture, and vacA gene PCR negative samples, while all tests were found negative in 22 (23.6%) patients. The 16S rRNA gene PCR results were presented in Supplementary Material.
Of the 58 (62%) H. pylori-infected patients, vacA genotype s1m1 was found in 20 (34%) clinical isolates, s1m2 in 08 (13.7%), s2m1 in 05 (8.6%), and s2m2 genotype was detected in 25 (43%)H. pylori isolates. The vacA gene PCR results are presented in Supplementary Material.
Amplification of 23S rRNA Gene Fragments
H. pylori isolates and PCR positive samples were used to amplify the domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. Two sets of 23S rRNA gene primers proposed previously were used.8,12 Both these primer sets have been reported to give a 1.4 kb amplicon. In this study, 46 (79%) samples produced 1.4 kb amplicons with both primer sets. Of these amplicons, 19 (41%) were obtained from clarithromycin-resistant isolates, 16 (34.7%) from susceptible isolates, 01 (2%) from clarithromycin intermediate resistant isolate, and 10 (21.7%) amplicons were obtained from culture-negative samples. Furthermore, 12 (20.6%) culture and PCR positive samples yielded around 1.2 kb amplicons with only one primer set proposed by Versalovic et al8 (Figure 1). Of these amplicons, 03 (25%) were obtained from clarithromycin-resistant isolates, and 09 (75%) were obtained from strains that showed intermediate resistance. Nested PCR using 1.4 kb and 1.2 kb amplicons as templates gave the expected 696bp internal part of domain V of the 23S rRNA gene from all 58 (100%) H. pylori-positive samples. See Supplementary Material, for nested PCR results.
Figure 1 PCR amplification of 1200bp amplicons of domain V of the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori using Versalovic et al8 primer pair. M.W, 1kb molecular weight marker; Lane 1 to 3, 1200bp amplified fragments; Lane 4, H. pylori-negative biopsy DNA; Lane 5, Negative Control (No DNA only PCR reaction mix); Lane 6, Standard 1400 bp amplicon obtained from the same primer set using different H. pylori-positive biopsy DNA.
PCR-RFLP for the Detection of A2142G and A2143G Mutations
Restriction analyses were performed using 1.4 kb amplicons of domain V, as the restriction fragments of clarithromycin sensitive and resistant strains of H. pylori are well established.8,15 The MboII restriction endonuclease-mediated digestion detected A2142G mutation in 19 (41%) samples (Figure 2). Of these 19 samples, 15 (79%) were obtained from culture-positive resistant isolates and 04 (21%) from culture-negative strains with anti-H. pylori treatment history. Moreover, 01 (2%) amplicon from intermediate resistance phenotype strain showed a new MboII restriction profile, ie, instead of 700bp and 696 bp fragments in the presence of A2142G mutation, the approximately 400bp, and 1000bp fragments were seen (Figure 2). The BsaI restriction endonuclease-mediated digestion detected A2143G mutation in 04 (8.6%) culture-positive resistant strains (Figure 2). Also, 01 (2%) amplicon from a culture-negative clarithromycin treated strain showed both A2142G and A2143G mutations.
Figure 2 PCR-RFLP based detection of mutations A2142G and A2143G in 1400 kb amplicon of 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori with BsaI and MboII restriction enzymes, respectively. Lane 1 shows the new MboII RFLP pattern, ie, approximately 1000bp and 400 bp fragments appears in the presence of A1761G mutation and sequencing also confirmed this mutation (see Figure 3); Lane 2 shows the clarithromycin resistant restriction profile with BsaI, ie, 700bp, 400bp and 300bp fragments indicate the presence of A2143G mutation; Lane 3 shows the clarithromycin resistant profile with MboII, ie, 710bp and 690 fragments indicate the presence of A2142G mutation, M.W, 100bp molecular weight marker.
Of the 13 sequenced amplicons, 03 (23%) were obtained from the resistant strains and they all showed multiple new mutations and clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations like A2142G, A214 3G, and A2143C, respectively (Figure 3). While 10 (77%) amplicons were amplified from intermediate resistance isolates. All of them showed multiple new mutations. Among them, 04 (4%) also showed T2182C mutation. Moreover, a new MboII RFLP pattern (approximately 400bp and 1000bp) was due to the A1761G mutation.
Figure 3 Multiple sequence alignment of thirteen 696 bp long domain V sequences of 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori (KY353089 to KY353100; GenBank Accession No.) obtained in the present study with the reference domain V sequences of H. pylori strains 26695, J99, and U27270 (GenBank accession No.). The nucleotide numbering was done according to Taylor et al.14 This figure only shows the nucleotide's positions which are mutated. Similarity among the sequences is represented by (.) and gaps are represented by (-).
Primary and Secondary Clarithromycin Resistance
Primary and secondary resistance against clarithromycin was correlated using the questionnaire information obtained from each patient. Clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations were found in 27 (46%) H. pylori isolates. Among them, primary clarithromycin resistance was observed in 18 (31%), 04 (7%), and 01 (2%) isolates due to A2142G, A2143G, and A2143C mutations, respectively. The secondary resistance was noted in 02 (3%) isolates due to A2142G, in 01 (2%) isolate due to A2143G, whereas both mutations were found responsible for secondary resistance in 01 (2%) isolate. The overall primary resistance rate was 23 (39.6%) and the secondary resistance rate was 04 (7%). See Table 2 for primary and secondary clarithromycin resistance results.
Table 2 Domain V Mutations Associated with Primary and Secondary Clarithromycin Resistance
Escalating resistance against antibiotics in H. pylori is a concern, especially in developing countries like Pakistan, where more than 80% of the population is infected.16 Clarithromycin-based regimes have been recommended by many experts as the first-line treatment.17 However, the worldwide occurrence of clarithromycin resistance is a major threat in the management of this bacterial infection.18
This study was performed to explore the prevalence of clarithromycin resistance and its associated mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori isolated from the clinical samples of dyspeptic patients in Pakistan. The presence of H. pylori was confirmed by the culture, rapid urease test, Helicobacter genus-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR, and H. pylori-specific vacA gene multiplex PCR as reported earlier.7,12,13
The culture was found positive in 48 (51%) samples and negative in 10 (11%) rapid urease test and PCR positive samples. Culturing has low sensitivity, and successful recovery depends on several factors like transportation conditions, prior antibiotic treatment, number of bacteria in samples, biopsy processing procedure, exposure to atmospheric oxygen, etc, so negative results might be related to any of these factors. The PCR test of both genes of H. pylori showed positive results in all 50 (100%) rapid urease test positive biopsies and in 08 (19%) urease test negative biopsies. The negative urease test in eight PCR positive samples might be related to low bacterial count because the sensitivity of the urease test depends on the number of bacteria present in the biopsy. Moreover, the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) also reduces its sensitivity. A study by Yakoob et al19 reported the low sensitivity of rapid urease tests in patients with prior use of PPI. In the present study, patients' clinical history also revealed that 27 (46%) of the 58 H. pylori-positive patients had been on such medications before endoscopy (data not shown).
Helicobacter genus-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR also showed positive results in 13 (13.9%) urease test and vacA gene PCR negative samples. These patients might be infected with some other Helicobacter species as reported earlier.12,20 The identity of these species is being pursued by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
The confirmation of H. pylori infection was performed using the vacA gene multiplex PCR as described previously.13 The reason behind using vacA primer pairs for H. pylori detection is that these primers were redesigned using the sequence information of the Asian H. pylori strains.11 In this study, the most frequent detected vacA genotype was s2m2 (43%) followed by s1m1 (34%), s1m2 (13.7%), and s2m1 (8.6%). The distribution of vacA genotypes in the present study was different from another study of Pakistan,21 where the most frequent genotype was s1m1. This variability reflects the intra-regional genetic diversity within the H. pylori genome.
The phenotypic clarithromycin resistance was assessed by the agar dilution method as reported previously.6 The breakpoints for clarithromycin are well established, reproducible, and categorized the strains into three types, ie, sensitive (MIC ≤0.00025 mg/mL), intermediate resistant (MIC 0.0005 mg/mL), and resistant (MIC ≥ 0.001mg/mL). In this study, 46% of isolates were categorized as resistant, 21% as intermediate, and 33% of isolates were found susceptible. These results showed a high prevalence of clarithromycin resistance in clinical isolates of H. pylori. Earlier, another study from Pakistan also reported a high clarithromycin resistance rate.21
To investigate the clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations A2142G and A2143G sequencing and PCR-RFLP techniques were used. The PCR-RFLP is still being used, an accurate, rapid, and low-cost method.22,23 Both techniques showed that all phenotypic clarithromycin-resistant isolates had either A2142G, A2143G, or A2143C mutations. The prevalence of A2142G was 36% (21/58), A2143G 10% (6/58), and A2143C was 1.7% (1/58). In other words, 78% (21/27) of mutations found in our study were categorized as A2142G and 22% (6/27) were A2143G and 3.7% (1/27) were A2143C.
The prevalence of A2142G and A2143G mutations varies geographically. A study from a west neighbor country, ie, Iran reported A2142G in 90% of clarithromycin-resistant isolates.24 However, studies from east and northeast neighbors, ie, India and China reported a high percentage of A2143G mutation.18,25 Data from the other regions also reported variability in the prevalence of these mutations. In Europe, the observed percentage of A2143G was 44% to 67%, and from 23% to 33% for A2142G.26,27 In Japan, 90% of H. pylori isolates showed A2143G mutation.28 In U.A.E., 60% of A2143G and 40% of A2142G mutations were observed in clarithromycin-resistant isolates.29 In Korea, 71% of resistant isolates showed A2143G whereas 29% showed A2142G.30 A recent study from Turkey reported 33.4% A2142G and 45.8% of A2143G in clarithromycin resistance isolates.5 Conversely, data from US studies reported the high frequency of A2142G (53%) as compared to A2143G (45%).31
The clinical importance of these mutations has been studied extensively. Research have shown that A2142G mutation was associated with the increased clarithromycin MIC as compared to A2143G, and the presence of either mutation increased the likelihood of treatment failure. The study of Lee et al31 and Yakoob et al32 reported the low eradication rates of H. pylori in the presence of these mutations.
In this study, the overall prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic clarithromycin-resistant due to A2142G, A2143G, and A2143C was 48.2%, of which the primary resistance rate was 39.6%. Such a high percentage of primary resistance was beyond the standard accepted range, which is less than 15 to 20%.17 In this situation, it is advised to perform clarithromycin susceptibility testing before the initiation of treatment. The prevalence of primary clarithromycin resistance in our study is higher than that reported in Malaysia (2.1%),33 Germany (2.2%),34 Canada (less than 4%),35 Hong-Kong (4.5%),36 Korea (5% to 6%),37 Europe (9.9%),38 USA (10% to 15%),39 Iran (17%),40 and in Turkey (24.8%).41 This geographical variability reflects the local consumption of antibiotics. Frequent consumption of macrolide not only in the management of H. pylori infection but also in the treatment of respiratory tract diseases, resistance to clarithromycin has been surfaced in many regions of the world.42 A recent study by Klein et al43 reported that from 2000 to 2015 antibiotics consumption in Pakistan has been increased by 65% from 800 million defined daily doses (DDD) to 1.3 billion. Moreover, the usage of macrolides (clarithromycin) 12% of total DDD has been increased by 119%. High consumption of macrolides has been resulting in high levels of primary clarithromycin resistance in this region.
This study also reported the two new features of domain V including a new MboII RFLP pattern and around 1.2 kb long amplicons which were further investigated using DNA sequencing. Sequencing showed a new mutation A to G at position 1761 which created a new MboII restriction pattern. A previous study also reported a new restriction pattern of domain V with MboII, ie, 505 bp, 205 bp, and 692 bp fragments due to G to A change at position 1939 in Chilean clarithromycin-resistant isolates.44 In the present study, the new RFLP pattern was obtained from an isolate that showed an intermediate resistance.
DNA sequencing also indicated multiple point mutations and clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations A2142G, A2143G, and A2143C. Mutation A2143C is a rare substitution. So far, this mutation has not been observed in any H. pylori clinical isolates in Pakistan. Recent study from Korea45 reported this mutation and its association with clarithromycin resistance. Moreover, mutation T2182C which confers clarithromycin-resistant phenotype in H. pylori isolates of Bangladesh,46 and Korea47 also seen in the present study in four samples. However, the association of T2182C with clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori clinical isolates is still unclear in this region. Further studies are required to investigate the role of T2182C in Pakistan. This study also found other mutations like A1821G, G1826A, and T1830C which were previously reported in clarithromycin sensitive and resistant isolates of H. pylori from Bangladesh.46
Besides the known domain V mutations, 138 new mutation points also appeared in the strains that showed intermediate resistance. A study by Gomez et al48 reported that "the ribosomal mutations promote the evolution of antibiotic resistance". Accumulation of mutations in domain V which is the target site of many antibiotics may make H. pylori more prone to develop resistance against multiple antibiotics, and it is also possible that the intermediate resistance phenotype is the initial stage towards the development of complete resistance. In addition to this, self-medication and excessive consumption of antibiotics have been reported in Pakistan,43 it is also conceivable that to sustain in the multidrug environment H. pylori might have developed such ribosomal RNA mutations.
In conclusion, H. pylori 23S rRNA domain V mutations exhibited wide diversity. The presence of such a large number of multiple point mutations reveals the genetic heterogeneity of H. pylori strains in this part of the world and may indicate the existence of a different molecular mechanism to survive in the multi drugs surroundings. The rate of primary clarithromycin resistance is also alarming. Therefore, it is mandatory to customize the first-line therapy on the information of the individual H. pylori antibiotic resistance profile. Further research on the molecular mechanism of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori seems essential at this stage.
We are thankful to Dr. Sajida Qureshi, Dr. Shahriyar Ghazanfar, Dr. Aftab, Dr. Ali Taj from Surgical Unit IV, Civil Hospital, Karachi, and Dr. Arif Siddiqui from Patel Hospital, Karachi, for providing biopsies, endoscopic findings of each patient. We are also thankful to all the staff members of the endoscopy unit for their cooperation and assistance during this work.
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
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Facebook offers a following feature that by default lets anyone follow your posts. For most of us, this may only apply to public posts. However, some folks still don't like this behavior and prefer that only friends can follow and filter posts into their News Feed. If you don't want people you don't know to have the ability to follow you, you can quickly remedy the problem with Facebook for iPhone and iPad.
Tap on Settings — it's all the way towards the bottom.
Under the Who Can Follow Me section, tap on Friends.
You can also control who comment on your public posts under the Follower Comments section if you choose to.
That's it. Once you're done, Facebook will not allow people that aren't your friends to filter posts into their News Feed any longer. Alternately, you can always opt to let people you aren't friends with follow your public posts but just not leave comments. The choice is yours. Let me know in the comments how you deal with followers. Do you care if people you don't know follow your public posts, or did you disallow the feature?


text:
Novavax Nuvaxovid™ COVID-19 Vaccine Granted Expanded Conditional Marketing Authorization in the European Union for Use as a Booster for Adults Aged 18 and Older
Nuvaxovid™ is now authorized in the EU for use in adults aged 18 and older as a booster regardless of previous vaccine history
GAITHERSBURG, Md., Sept. 12, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX), a biotechnology company dedicated to developing and commercializing next-generation vaccines for serious infectious diseases, today announced that the European Commission (EC) has approved the expanded conditional marketing authorization (CMA) of Nuvaxovid™ (NVX-CoV2373) COVID-19 vaccine in the European Union (EU) as a homologous and heterologous booster for active immunization to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for adults aged 18 and older. The approval follows the recommendation made by the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use on September 1, 2022.
"We are pleased to offer the first protein-based vaccine as both a primary series and booster in the European Union," said Stanley C. Erck, President and Chief Executive Officer, Novavax. "As we continue to explore best practices for managing COVID-19 long term, we have ongoing trials further exploring Nuvaxovid's efficacy and safety as a booster and preclinical data has indicated that our vaccine induces immune response against Omicron variants, including BA.4/5."
The expanded CMA was based on data from Novavax' Phase 2 trial conducted in Australia, from a separate Phase 2 trial conducted in South Africa, and from the UK-sponsored COV-BOOST trial. As part of the Phase 2 trials, a single booster dose of Nuvaxovid was administered to healthy adult participants approximately six months after their primary two-dose vaccination series of Nuvaxovid. The third dose produced increased immune responses comparable to or exceeding levels associated with protection in Phase 3 clinical trials. In the COV-BOOST trial, Nuvaxovid induced a robust antibody response when used as a heterologous third booster dose.
In the Novavax-sponsored trials, following the booster, local and systemic reactions were generally short-lived with a median duration of approximately two days. The incidence of Grade 3 or higher events remained relatively low. Safety reporting of reactogenicity events showed an increasing incidence across all three doses of Nuvaxovid, reflecting the increased immunogenicity seen with a third dose. Medically attended adverse events (AE), potentially immune-mediated medical conditions, and severe AEs occurred infrequently following the booster dose and were balanced between vaccine and placebo groups.
Nuvaxovid has also been authorized in Japan, Australia, and New Zealand as a booster in adults aged 18 and older and is actively under review in other markets.
The EC previously granted CMA for Nuvaxovid to prevent COVID-19 in adults aged 18 and older in December 2021. Additionally, the EC granted expanded CMA for Nuvaxovid to prevent COVID-19 in adolescents aged 12 through 17 in July 2022.
Trade Name in the U.S.
The trade name Nuvaxovid™ has not yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Nuvaxovid is contraindicated in persons who have a hypersensitivity to the active substance, or to any of the excipients.
Events of anaphylaxis have been reported with administration of COVID-19 vaccines. Appropriate medical treatment and supervision should be available in case of an anaphylactic reaction following the administration of the vaccine. Close observation for at least 15 minutes is recommended and a second dose of the vaccine should not be given to those who have experienced anaphylaxis to the first dose of Nuvaxovid.
Anxiety-related reactions, including vasovagal reactions (syncope), hyperventilation, or stress‐related reactions may occur in association with vaccination as a psychogenic response to the needle injection. It is important that precautions are in place to avoid injury from fainting.
Vaccination should be postponed in individuals suffering from an acute severe febrile illness or acute infection. The presence of a minor infection and/or low-grade fever should not delay vaccination.
Nuvaxovid should be given with caution in individuals receiving anticoagulant therapy or those with thrombocytopenia or any coagulation disorder (such as haemophilia) because bleeding or bruising may occur following an intramuscular administration in these individuals.
The efficacy of Nuvaxovid may be lower in immunosuppressed individuals.
Administration of Nuvaxovid in pregnancy should only be considered when the potential benefits outweigh any potential risks for the mother and foetus.
The effects with Nuvaxovid may temporarily affect the ability to drive or use machines.
Individuals may not be fully protected until seven days after their second dose. As with all vaccines, vaccination with Nuvaxovid may not protect all vaccine recipients.
The most common adverse reactions observed during clinical studies were headache, nausea or vomiting, myalgia, arthralgia, injection site tenderness/pain, fatigue, and malaise.
For more information on Nuvaxovid, including the Summary of Product Characteristics with Package Leaflet, adverse event reporting instructions, or to request additional information, please visit the following websites:
About Nuvaxovid™ (NVX-CoV2373)
Nuvaxovid is a protein-based vaccine engineered from the genetic sequence of the first strain of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease. The vaccine was created using Novavax' recombinant nanoparticle technology to generate antigen derived from the coronavirus spike (S) protein and is formulated with Novavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M™ adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Nuvaxovid contains purified protein antigen and can neither replicate, nor can it cause COVID-19.
Nuvaxovid is packaged as a ready-to-use liquid formulation in a vial containing ten doses. The vaccination regimen calls for two 0.5 ml doses (5 mcg antigen and 50 mcg Matrix-M adjuvant) given intramuscularly 21 days apart. The vaccine is stored at 2°- 8° Celsius, enabling the use of existing vaccine supply and cold chain channels. Use of the vaccine should be in accordance with official recommendations.
Novavax has established partnerships for the manufacture, commercialization, and distribution of Nuvaxovid worldwide. Existing authorizations leverage Novavax' manufacturing partnership with Serum Institute of India, the world's largest vaccine manufacturer by volume. They will later be supplemented with data from additional manufacturing sites throughout Novavax' global supply chain.
About the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) Phase 3 Trials
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) continues being evaluated in two pivotal Phase 3 trials.
PREVENT-19 (the PRE-fusion protein subunit Vaccine Efficacy Novavax Trial | COVID-19) is a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant in 29,960 participants 18 years of age and over in 119 locations in the U.S. and Mexico. The primary endpoint for PREVENT-19 was the first occurrence of PCR-confirmed symptomatic (mild, moderate or severe) COVID-19 with onset at least seven days after the second dose in serologically negative (to SARS-CoV-2) adult participants at baseline. The statistical success criterion included a lower bound of 95% CI >30%. A secondary endpoint was the prevention of PCR-confirmed, symptomatic moderate or severe COVID-19. Both endpoints were assessed at least seven days after the second study vaccination in volunteers who had not been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. In the trial, the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine achieved 90.4% efficacy overall. It was generally well-tolerated and elicited a robust antibody response after the second dose in both studies. Full results of the trial were published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
The pediatric expansion of PREVENT-19 is a 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded trial to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and efficacy of the Novavax COVID-19 vaccine with Matrix-M adjuvant in 2,247 adolescent participants 12 to 17 years of age in 73 locations in the United States, compared with placebo. In the pediatric trial, the vaccine achieved its primary effectiveness endpoint (non-inferiority of the neutralizing antibody response compared to young adult participants 18 through 25 years of age from PREVENT-19) and demonstrated 80% efficacy overall at a time when the Delta variant of concern was the predominant circulating strain in the U.S. Additionally, immune responses were about two-to-three-fold higher in adolescents than in adults against all variants studied.
Additionally, a trial conducted in the U.K. with 14,039 participants aged 18 years and over was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded study and achieved overall efficacy of 89.7%. The primary endpoint was based on the first occurrence of PCR-confirmed symptomatic (mild, moderate or severe) COVID-19 with onset at least seven days after the second study vaccination in serologically negative (to SARS-CoV-2) adult participants at baseline. Full results of the trial were published in NEJM.
Novavax' patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant has demonstrated a potent and well-tolerated effect by stimulating the entry of antigen-presenting cells into the injection site and enhancing antigen presentation in local lymph nodes, boosting immune response.
Novavax, Inc. (Nasdaq: NVAX) is a biotechnology company that promotes improved health globally through the discovery, development, and commercialization of innovative vaccines to prevent serious infectious diseases. The company's proprietary recombinant technology platform harnesses the power and speed of genetic engineering to efficiently produce highly immunogenic nanoparticles designed to address urgent global health needs. The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, has received authorization from multiple regulatory authorities globally, including the U.S., EC and the World Health Organization. The vaccine is currently under review by multiple regulatory agencies worldwide, including for additional indications and populations such as adolescents and as a booster. In addition to its COVID-19 vaccine, Novavax is also currently evaluating its COVID-19-Influenza Combination vaccine candidate in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial, its quadrivalent influenza investigational vaccine candidate, and is also evaluating an Omicron strain-based vaccine (NVX-CoV2515) as well as a bivalent format Omicron-based / original strain-based vaccine. These vaccine candidates incorporate Novavax' proprietary saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate high levels of neutralizing antibodies.
Statements herein relating to the future of Novavax, its operating plans and prospects, its partnerships, the timing of clinical trial results, the ongoing development of NVX-CoV2373, including an Omicron strain based vaccine and bivalent Omicron-based / original strain based vaccine, a COVID-seasonal influenza combination investigational vaccine candidate, the scope, timing and outcome of future regulatory filings and actions, including Novavax' plans to supplement existing authorizations with data from the additional manufacturing sites in Novavax' global supply chain, additional worldwide authorizations of NVX-CoV2373 for use in adults and adolescents, and as a booster, the potential impact and reach of Novavax and NVX-CoV2373 in addressing vaccine access, controlling the pandemic and protecting populations, the efficacy, safety intended utilization, and the expected administration of NVX-CoV2373 are forward-looking statements. Novavax cautions that these forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, challenges satisfying, alone or together with partners, various safety, efficacy, and product characterization requirements, including those related to process qualification and assay validation, necessary to satisfy applicable regulatory authorities; difficulty obtaining scarce raw materials and supplies; resource constraints, including human capital and manufacturing capacity, on the ability of Novavax to pursue planned regulatory pathways; unanticipated challenges or delays in conducting clinical trials; challenges meeting contractual requirements under agreements with multiple commercial, governmental, and other entities; and those other risk factors identified in the "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections of Novavax' Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We caution investors not to place considerable reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this press release. You are encouraged to read our filings with the SEC, available at www.sec.gov and www.novavax.com, for a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements in this press release speak only as of the date of this document, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of the statements. Our business is subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, including those referenced above. Investors, potential investors, and others should give careful consideration to these risks and uncertainties.
Ali Chartan or Giovanna Chandler | 202-709-5563
SOURCE Novavax, Inc.


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Alison Spittle's Top Three Spooky Experiences
Alison SpittleHumour FeaturesHumour
By Alison Spittle Last updated Feb 15, 2016
Alison Spittle is doing a chat show. She's nervous. It's in the Workman's in Dublin at 8pm on Friday the 30th of October (spooky). It will have Tara Flynn, Aidan Power and her friend Giles who can do a great Pierce Brosnan impression. Andrea Farrell will be the warm up. She can't wait. She was going to do an article about talk shows and try and sneak in a plug but it's Halloween soon so she did one about spooky experiences instead.
What are you dressing up as for Halloween? I once dressed as Mary Bale, the lady who put a cat in a bin and became a star on YouTube. I shifted a lad dressed as the Hulk. It's my greatest achievement to date.
I need a new look this year, I've seen a sexy Starbucks worker outfit, a sexy bee and a sexy remote control (all real please google it). As a lady this makes me sad, Emily Wilding Davison did not die at the Epsom derby for this. This year, I'm dressing up as a sexy U.N.E.S.C.O executive as a statement.
Here are my top three spooky experiences.
3. The Banshee
The Harbinger of the Banshee. via IrishExaminer.com
While walking home from a Brian Ormond concert with a friend on a dark, wet and windy night in Moate, we heard wails and screams. The sound could only come a banshee. We screamed and ran but the sound got louder and shriller. We panicked and ran more until we realised the sound came from the wind blowing through our hoop earrings.
2. The Ouija Board
A particularly spooky ouija board. via wikimedia.org
One Halloween my friends and I tried the ouija board, there was a goth in our friend group and she seemed to know what to do,. She used a shot glass and put a ring of salt around us to ward off bad spirits.
We did it in my friends house. He was worried that if we brought a bad spirit to the house his parents would never let him hold a house party again. So after a lot of preamble and preparation we readied ourselves to talk to the other side.
We asked if there were anyone there, the shot glass went straight to X. This was too much for me and I no longer wanted to speak to the dead. However, as there were no adults in the house I didn't want to eat Pringles and watch Ninja Warrior in the sitting room as my friends summoned spirits in the kitchen, I volunteered to take notes like we were at a residents' association AGM.
So they started again.
A-D-A-I-G-H………
"Er Adaighm? Adam? is your name Adam?"
We felt smug at our guessing.
"What year is it?"
1-9-3-6.
We paused and looked at each other.
"Ooooh what an interesting year, did you fight in a war?"
The cup moved very strongly towards YES. We got scared, from then on we complimented Adam and thanked him for his time.
We found out many things, Adam liked tea, he liked playing Gaelic football, he liked biscuits and he was also lonely, the last answer made us sad so we said goodbye.
We all felt spooked. Then we watched Derren Brown, who told us we were eejits in a hive mind. We were all relieved. The house cat kept making noise all night and shat in the sink, it's like he knew what we did and was punishing us.
1. The Spotlight
Alison Spittle doing stand-up. POSSIBLY WHILE BEING WATCHED BY A GHOST? via irishtimes.com
I am a stand up comedian now and one Halloween, I recounted the seance experience mixed with anecdotes about wearing bin bags as a child (ha, so original, what a fresh take, those were the days), during my bit where Adam was asked if he was lonely, a beat after the question, the audience were quiet, the room was dark. Suddenly the spotlight fell from the ceiling and swung towards me. The audience screamed, I screamed and ran out of the room. I hadn't been that scared since Richard Hilman drove Gail and the kids into the canal in Coronation Street. So the moral of this story is I don't believe in ghosts unless i'm at a seance. It's like my faith in god, I only believe there's a god if I've bought a scratch card.
Header Image via YouTube.com
Stand-upalison spittleghostsBansheebrian ormondhoop earringsouija boardspotlights
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Alison is a comedian, she's been on RTE's Comedy Bites and Republic of Telly. She's giving everything a go.
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Martha Berry expresses her gratitude for Nina P. Abbott's gift sent to her daughter and discusses the good work of the School.
Martha Berry, "Letter to Nina P. Abbott from Martha Berry." Martha Berry Digital Archive. Eds. Schlitz, Stephanie A., Olivia Mund, Cameron Atwood, et al. Mount Berry: Berry College, 2012. accessed April 22, 2019, https://mbda.berry.edu/items/show/6421.


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Manchester United better team than one Liverpool beat – Wijnaldum
Man-U not same team Liverpool beat in Dec. – Wijnaldum
Manchester United are a much more confident outfit under caretaker manager Ole Gunnar Solskjaer compared to the team that lost 3-1 at Liverpool earlier this season.
Manchester united midfielder Georginio Wijnaldum said ahead of Sunday's Premier League clash.
Livescore: Latest Premier League results for Week 17 (Saturday), 2019/2020 EPL scores
United's loss at Anfield in December resulted in manager Jose Mourinho getting the sack and Solskjaer was appointed as United's interim boss.
Manchester united have not lost in the league since, winning eight while drawing once to move up to fourth.
"I think it is going to be a real big change (from December)," Wijnaldum told reporters after Liverpool's 0-0 draw against Bayern Munich in the Champions League.
"Since the new manager came in there is a new flow, they played good games and have won a lot and that is building confidence in the team.
"It's also a home game for them so they will have a lot of confidence as they don't have the problems they had before. It is going to be a difficult game but I'm looking forward to it."
Liverpool are second in the standings, behind Manchester City on goal difference, but the Merseyside club have a game in hand over the defending champions.
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Program Launch is an annual showcase of scouting programs, resources, activities, and information from District scouters, our Council, and exhibitors from outside of scouting. Together, they all offer your unit great ideas and resources to help provide your scouts a great scouting program!
Be part of Washington, D.C. District's Program Launch 2019 on Tuesday, May 14, 2019 – 6:30 PM to 8:15 PM at Shiloh Baptist Church, 1500 Ninth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20001.
What Did Program Launch 2018 Look Like?
View photos from Program Launch 2018!
Use the list of programs, resources, and activities below to help plan a great scouting year for your unit's path on the Journey to Excellence!
Isn't Program Launch Just Another Roundtable? Who Should Come to Program Launch?
Every unit should have at least one leader at Program Launch. But don't stop there! Assistant Scoutmasters and Den Leaders should attend too! The more leaders that attend, the more you'll be able to bounce ideas around. But don't stop there! Scoutmasters and Venturing Advisors, bring your Senior Patrol Leaders and Crew Officers! Aren't they the ones who plan your program?
Make no mistake, we love our District Roundtables! And if you haven't been to one recently, you don't know how great our Roundtables have become. But Program Launch is a different thing altogether! Even though Program Launch takes place on Roundtable night at the Roundtable location, it is not a Roundtable. There are no chairs for you to sit in (unless your get worn out from all the excitement). There are no speakers or announcements.
What Does Program Launch Look Like?
Like the midway at Pow Wow! or University of Scouting or a school science fair, there are displays set up with scouts and scouters to explain them. Moving from display to display, attendees engage in conversations and learn about things they can use and do to enhance a unit's program and provide a more dynamic Scouting program!


These sunglasses are the first thing to wear at the first rays. With a sleek silhouette and lightweight nylon frame, Premier is the best company on sunny days.
These sunglasses are the first thing to wear at the first rays.
With a sleek silhouette and lightweight nylon frame, Premier is the best company on sunny days.
They always look to go to the last so the premier is the best option.


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Home Banking Brexit vote Trap to blame British citizens for the collapse of the...
Crime Rings
Deceptions
Brexit vote Trap to blame British citizens for the collapse of the UK economy
British Prime Minister Theresa May is a failed politician who holds on to power through defeats. Even though she survived a no-confidence vote to remain the leader within her own Conservative Party this week, it was also a sort of defeat.
Out of the 200 so-called pro May votes there are more than 150 MP's who belong in the government, either as ministers, deputy ministers or private parliamentary secretaries.
These politicians had to vote with the government or they lose their government job and any chance of future preferment.
Moreover, her re-election as leader for the Conservative Party has not answered any of the questions which led to the vote in the first place, in particular what to do given that there is no majority in the House of Commons for the deal she has agreed with the EU.
May achieved high office (Home Secretary) thanks to David Cameron, who failed to gain a majority in Parliament at the 2010 election, in spite of the fact that Labor had been in power since 1997 and that the outgoing prime minister, Gordon Brown, was deeply unpopular. Cameron had to govern in coalition with the Liberals.
The unelected Theresa May then became Prime Minister in 2016, after Cameron resigned having been defeated, like her, in the referendum on Brexit. She and her boss had campaigned to remain in the European Union.
Her only tactic is to turn this weakness into a strength: like Madame de Pompadour, Theresa May says it is either her corporate option or total chaos. Après moi, le déluge.
So the only way for May to escape her ugly Brexit defeat now is to blame the British citizens for the homeland catastrophe looming to further disrupt the UK economy. So, a second referendum, whatever the outcome must entitle her for the political escape.
Unfortunately, the tactic of turning defeat into victory has –as was inevitable– ultimately created the conditions for defeat.
This is because the deal that she has negotiated with the EU creates precisely the conditions which guarantee that her objective of a free trade deal with the EU, cannot be achieved.
According to the terms of the agreement Britain and the EU will seek to sign a free trade deal by the end of the transition period in 2020.
If there is no free trade agreement by the end of 2020, according to the terms of the deal she negotiated in November, the whole of the United Kingdom will remain in the EU customs union.
London would have to accede to a long shopping list of individual demands from EU states, from the French on fishing, from the Spanish on Gibraltar, and so on– in order to break free from the backstop.
It is more difficult to leave the backstop than it is to leave the EU, and May's deal is therefore the longest suicide note in history.
By running down the clock, Prime Minister May hopes that her deal will be accepted as the only way of preventing no deal or no Brexit. That is why it is essential for MP's to adopt the opposite logic from hers and vote for no deal.
RT. com / ABC Flash Point Brexit News 2018.
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The 12273/74 Howrah–New Delhi Duronto Express is a Duronto class train which operates between the capital of West Bengal, Kolkata and the national capital New Delhi. It is the second Duronto Express connecting Delhi to Kolkata, the other one being the Sealdah–Bikaner Duronto Express. Most of the other Duronto trains take less travel time than their Rajdhani counterparts. Therefore, before the introduction of the Howrah Duronto, it was expected to be the fastest service on the route by many Indian railfans. The Rajdhani Express gets top-most priority on the route, making it the fastest train in the Howrah–Delhi route. But, the Rajdhani continues to be the fastest as both trains cover the same distance and despite being a non-stop service, with no commercial halts, the Duronto takes more time than the Rajdhani. It has been running with modern LHB rakes since 2nd July 2021, having a maximum permissible speed of 130 km/h, thus replacing the hybrid LHB Rakes which have a maximum permissible speed of 130 km/h.

Change in route
With effect from February 2018 the route of this train was changed from Grand Chord to mainline. Therefore, it now travels 1,531 km rather than 1,452 km. Due to this it takes more time than the Premium Rajdhanis and Sealdah Duronto Express from Kolkata to Delhi. Therefore, its average speed went down from 84 kmph to 70 kmph.

Locomotive

It is hauled by a Howrah-based WAP-5,Howrah-based WAP-7 end to end.

Speed
The maximum permissible speed of the train is up to 130 kmph except some parts. Its all coaches are of air conditioned LHB coach type which is capable of reaching 160 kmph but it does not touch. Sometimes people become confused because according to Indian Railways Permanent Way Manual (IRPWM) on Indian Railways website or Indian Railway Institute of Civil Engineering website, the BG (Broad Gauge) lines have been classified into six groups 'A' to 'E' on the basis of the future maximum permissible speeds but it may not be same as present speed.

The maximum permissible speed is 130 kmph except two small parts – 29 km long New Delhi (NDLS) – Chipyana Buzurg (CPYZ) part where Railway is trying to raise maximum permissible sectional speed to 130 kmph from 110 kmph [1] and Jhajha – Madhupur part where trains pass through at a maximum permissible speed of 110 kmph . The trains also touch the speed of 100 kmph in a short stretch of approximately for this short distance.

Railway Board has approved the speed policy which envisages operation of passenger trains at 160 kmph on Delhi–Howrah route but it is still unclear what will its impact on this train in future like increasing of speed but not up to 160 kmph or up to 160 kmph.

References

Trains from Howrah Junction railway station
Delhi–Kolkata trains
Duronto Express trains
Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh
Rail transport in Jharkhand
Railway services introduced in 2010

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hotel L'aubergade is the central hub of Morzine in the summer with a super sunny terrace backing onto the mountain side... WIN a Week in Morzine with Hotel L'Aubergade WIN... Learn How to Hang your Bike Using Pipe Fittings When you're on a budget and don't have much woodworking experience, cheap and simple are the name of the game. But, that doesn't mean you can't create a cool shabby-chic bike hook to store your bike in small spaces or in the garage!
MTB DOWNHILL Watch the best mtb videos!
This brief instructional video from will help you master rocky terrain. Always wear a helmet and appropriate safety gear any time you ride a bike and especially when you are learning a new skill. how to make poached eggs with cling film How to Film Mountain Bike Adventure Travel Videos Today's guest post is from Tom Bell, a professional XC mountain bike racer, writer, podcaster and cycling coach. www.tombell.co, @bytombell.
Full Range of Bike Frame Protection at Chain Reaction Cycles. Free Worldwide Shipping Available.
Explaining some of the fundamental ideas behind making engaging short films… with an engaging short film.


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4,500 added to flood zones in Lafayette Parish
About 4,500 Lafayette Parish addresses will be in a flood zone when new FEMA maps take effect Dec. 21.
4,500 added to flood zones in Lafayette Parish About 4,500 Lafayette Parish addresses will be in a flood zone when new FEMA maps take effect Dec. 21. Check out this story on theadvertiser.com: https://www.theadvertiser.com/story/news/local/2018/09/05/4-500-added-flood-zones-lafayette-parish/1202703002/
Claire Taylor, Lafayette Daily Advertiser Published 2:57 p.m. CT Sept. 5, 2018 | Updated 4:37 p.m. CT Sept. 5, 2018
These are photos and videos submitted by theadvertiser.com users from flooding in Lafayette Parish on November 1, 2017. David D'Aquin
Stephanie Weeks, flood plain administrator for Lafayette Consolidated Government, discusses new FEMA flood maps Sept. 5, 2018.(Photo: Claire Taylor)
When a new FEMA flood map goes into effect Dec. 21, the owners of 4,500 Lafayette Parish properties will find they're now in a flood zone and may be required to purchase flood insurance.
Another 4,500 properties in the parish will be removed from flood zones with the new map, said Stephanie Weeks, flood plain manager for Lafayette Consolidated Government.
FEMA, she said, started revising the Lafayette Parish map years ago, releasing a first version in 2007, long before the devastating Aug. 2016 floods. The floods did validate findings incorporated into the new FEMA map, though, as some areas inundated in the floods already had been placed in flood zones.
Until this latest revision, Lafayette Parish used a flood zone map prepared in 1996. The maps are used by city planners, developers, real estate professionals and insurance agencies.
RELATED: Why is Lafayette Parish using flood maps from 1996?
Since the old map was created, technology has improved, drainage has changed and some rural parts of the parish that developed since 1996 were studied by FEMA for the new map.
Some of the areas added to flood zones are in City-Parish Council District 1 near Lebesque Road and Kimberly Lane; in Council Districtc 5, the Duson area, around Landry Road and Fieldspan Road; and in District 9 in the southern part of the parish that was hit hard by the August 2016 floods, Weeks said.
The owner of a home in a flood zone who has a mortgage will be required as of Dec. 21 to purchase flood insurance.
Find out if your address has been added to or removed from the Lafayette Parish FEMA flood map at www.lafayettela.gov/floodmaps (Photo: Claire Taylor)
Lafayette Consolidated Government mailed letters notifying owners of the 4,500 or so properties being added to flood zones, Weeks said. LCG also is hosting three public meetings so property owners can learn more about the change by FEMA.
The meetings will be at 6 p.m. on:
Sept. 11, Broussard Community Center, 108 Broadview Drive, Broussard.
Sept. 12, Scott Event Center, 110 Lions Club Road, Scott.
Sept. 19, Carencro Community Center, 5115 N. University Ave., Carencro.
Weeks is urging those who need to buy flood insurance to do so as soon as possible to obtain a rate under the current FEMA map. The rate will be higher once they're in a flood zone, she said.
The owners of properties that are moving out of a flood zone with the new map have not been notified. To find out if your property has moved into or out of a flood zone, visit lafayettela.gov/floodmaps.
Stephanie Weeks, flood plain administrator for Lafayette Consolidated Government, discusses changes to the FEMA flood map Sept. 5, 2018. (Photo: Claire Taylor)
Read or Share this story: https://www.theadvertiser.com/story/news/local/2018/09/05/4-500-added-flood-zones-lafayette-parish/1202703002/
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