text:
The PetDesk Press
For Pet Care Providers & Pet Parents
Embracing Technology in the Modern Veterinary Practice with Ron Sosa
The use of technology in veterinary practices is expanding rapidly. In general, our industry remains stuck in a time warp while technology and consumer attitudes advance. With the rise of Millennial and Xennial pet parents, technology adoption is more important…
Daniel Haberman
Solve the Right Problem and Find Success by Evolving with the Veterinary Industry
With immediate access to information online, we all know most pet parents today will turn to Google for unfiltered medical advice with dubious results. Discouraging pet parents to stop Googling will only go so far. Instead, there's a layer of…
What Veterinary Practices Can Learn From the Best Customer Service Companies in the World
Dr. Ross Henderson, a talented, good-hearted veterinarian in Colorado, put a video on YouTube of him playing his guitar and singing to a dog who was about to go into surgery. The video hit over a million views and now…
How to Get More 5-Star Reviews of Your Veterinary Practice on Sites Like Yelp and Google
When considering a new establishment, whether it's a new restaurant or a hairdresser, chances are you look up reviews and opinions about the business first. According to the 2018 Online Reviews Survey by ReviewTrackers, approximately 45 percent of consumers say…
How to Create a Great Customer Experience Outside of Your Veterinary Clinic
As a pet parent, taking your pet to see a veterinarian is one of those tasks that, while often pushed off, is necessary to ensure that your pet has the best care possible. Cat parents are all too familiar with…
The Importance of Google My Business for Pet Care Businesses
Whether we like it or not, Google is completely reshaping the way that we interact with the internet on a day-to-day basis. Whether it's the technology that's powering the world's most popular search engine or developing the technology to help…
Shona Fenner
How to Handle Bad Online Reviews of Your Veterinary Practice
We've spoken with many veterinary practice owners and managers stressed about their online reviews and how negative ones pop up disproportionately. Reviews tend to skew negative because those who have a negative experience are 21% more likely to leave a…
8 Tips to Get New Clients Through the Door (Without a Huge Budget)
When it comes to marketing your veterinary practice, there is a multitude of different directions you can move towards to bring new clients in. Many of these tactics can be time consuming or expensive - so what can you do…
Simple Ways to Boost Your Veterinary Practice's Local SEO Ranking
With the advent of the internet, it's difficult to stand out from the other veterinary hospitals out there. What can you do to differentiate from the rest? What is it that you really need to make your clinic stand out?…
[VIDEO] 3 Actions You Can Take to Bring Customer Success to Your Veterinary Practice
Watch this 4-minute video to learn from our Director of Continuing Education, Samuel Schopler, the best practices for Customer Success and how those tactics can be adapted to the average veterinary practice.Here at PetDesk, we work with over 1,400 veterinary…
PetDesk News
How Virtual Care Unlocks the Treasure Chest of Veterinary Technician Superpowers by Dr. Jessica Vogelsang
Avoiding the Headache of Software Implementation
Smartphones Changed the Veterinary-Client Relationship
PetDesk Celebrates Two Million App Users!
Open Letter Follow Up: Launching the PetDesk Equity in Veterinary Medicine Program
Manage your pet's health with our free app:
Reminder & Confirmations
Reviews & Reputation
PetDesk empowers over 2,400 veterinary practices through client communication Learn More

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Haven't you sometimes felt that your workplace could be a home aloof from home? You pay nearly a similar quantity of your time you pay reception within the workplace too (even more). you have got your own seat to sit down and work.
You have got your colleagues UN agency love you. in a very sense the workplace is your second home. therefore even as you're taking care of your house, you have got to require care of the workplace too. Remember, you get the fruits (salary) solely as long because the tree (organization) is alive. therefore beware of it. Don't torture it to death.
What is the reality? we tend to square measure terribly careless whereas handling workplace resources. Rather we tend to don't show any concern once we see valuable resources being wasted. we tend to lack the sensation that our resources square measure being ill-used. Is it fair?
Let us see some instances of however workplace resources square measure normally wasted (day-to-day basis) and the way we are able to avoid them.
You might have detected that in your workplace, lights square measure switched on, even once it's not in the least necessary. typically fans square measure busy operating for nobody. Why must you waste electricity like this? once there's enough natural light-weight, you are doing not have to be compelled to put on the sunshine.
Within the same means, put on the fan only you think that it's required. Why ought to it's operating the total day? If you see any light-weight or fan being switched on with none reason, simply switch it off. you're doing a service to your organization yet because the country.
The printer would be churning out pages and pages, most of which might solely fly around than being picked up by the one who gave the print command – this can be additionally a typical sight in offices. most frequently what happens is that even once you extremely don't would like a page, you offer the print command simply because the printer is there.
The sensation is that it's free. however bear in mind, printouts come back for a price. the price of the paper and also the ink itself adds to a good quantity. UN agency bears the cost? the corporate. So, before taking printouts debate. See if you actually would like it.
Just like the printer, the copier is additionally being ill-used. most frequently photocopies of tangential and supernumerary documents square measure taken.
The additional serious reality is that individuals create use of workplace photocopiers for private use additionally. you'll use your copier for official functions, however it's not in the least honest to use it to photocopy a document for your spousal equivalent or kid or an exponent.
Telephone could be a hot favorite of just about each one within the workplace. in fact it's terribly essential for communication within the interior of labor. but it's not honest to form personal calls victimisation the workplace phonephone.
The actual fact remains that a lot of folks use it to form personal long distance calls. they need a way of feat that they're doing one thing nice while not disbursal a penny. Remember, you're creating the corporate get your personal call. this can be not honest.
Chat package and instant messengers have already modified the operating pattern. folks spent plenty of your time chatting. Even once workplace hours, they sit for hours along to talk and surf world wide web.
They're exploiting workplace resources once more to a really nice extent. They eat away a substantial interval and information measure.
Now open your eyes to the fact. anytime you waste resources, you're torturing the organization. What if the majority the folks in your organization do this?
The organization won't be ready to stand up to the pressure and it'll collapse. Then UN agency goes to pay you the salary? Don't worry. you'll avoid true. From currently on, simply watch out whereas handling workplace resources.
Did you ever grasp that you just may pay your worker (subordinate) additional with a similar quantity of money? it's potential. How? With some words of appreciation, encouraging acts and recognition! you'll be assured that you just can create your worker extremely productive with this.
Remember, one and all craves for recognition, particularly for a decent job well done. therefore appreciate an individual for his efforts and smart work. It are often additional encouraging than a half hike in pay.
Courtesy: This article has been written by OK Beena (click the name to contact the author). For additional articles you'll visit the positioning www.ciol.com.
I'll try to use your tips. If I'll get a chance for it. It would be nice to get more tips from you in the future.
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text:
The following page lists all power stations in Niger.

Hydroelectric

Thermal

 NIGELEC = Société Nigerienne d'Electricité - The state utility responsible for electricity in Niger.

See also
 List of power stations in Africa
 List of largest power stations in the world
 Energy in Niger

References

External links

Niger
Power stations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This bamboo polo shirt is a more fitted version than of our classic polo and has been designed for those who like to play hard - perfect for a day on the links! Made of bamboo and organic cotton, this polo blends comfort with style and the moisture wicking feature will keep you dry. Color is muted green and brown with geometric blocking, for a modern twist. Also works perfectly for a casual outing.
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Just look what I've found - a very rare example of early Soviet EBM, recorded in 1989 in Western Siberia using a tape recorder and a primitive Yamaha computer. The band was a duo consisting of Pavel Dudin (vocals & lyrics) and Andrei Udot (music), former members of a band called "The Hedgehogs" (no idea what sort of a band it was). Initially they were recording their stuff at home, but this album was recorded at a club where they were working at that time. Their dream was to perform on stage in Moscow wearing Robocop costumes, but unfortunately, the band broke up due to an internal conflict after an year or two of existence, without gaining any recognition.


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House Committee : Natural Resources Bills (H.R. or S.)
1. H.R.3523 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) End Price Gouging for Medications Act Sponsor: Rep. Welch, Peter [D-VT-At Large] (Introduced 06/26/2019) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Oversight and Reform, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 06/26/2019 Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Ways and Means, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Oversight and Reform, and Natural Resources, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for... (All Actions) Tracker:
2. H.R.2406 — 116th Congress (2019-2020) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps Amendments Act of 2019 Sponsor: Rep. Case, Ed [D-HI-1] (Introduced 04/30/2019) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Oversight and Reform, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 05/08/2019 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
5. H.R.5942 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Health Equity and Accountability Act of 2018 Sponsor: Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-13] (Introduced 05/23/2018) Cosponsors: (71) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, Budget, Judiciary, Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 10/19/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker:
6. H.R.5056 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Confederate Commemorative Works Inventory and Joint Resource Study Act Sponsor: Rep. McEachin, A. Donald [D-VA-4] (Introduced 02/15/2018) Cosponsors: (17) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 02/28/2018 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. (All Actions) Tracker:
7. H.R.4910 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Veterans Cemetery Benefit Correction Act Sponsor: Rep. Scott, Austin [R-GA-8] (Introduced 01/30/2018) Cosponsors: (11) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources Latest Action: 06/15/2018 Became Public Law No: 115-184. (All Actions) Tracker:
8. H.R.1900 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) National Veterans Memorial and Museum Act Sponsor: Rep. Stivers, Steve [R-OH-15] (Introduced 04/04/2017) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources | Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-399; S. Rept. 115-304 Latest Action (modified): 06/21/2018 Became Public Law No: 115-186. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-05-23 [displayText] => Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Reported by Senator Murkowski without amendment. Without written report. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
10. H.R.337 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Black Hills National Cemetery Boundary Expansion Act Sponsor: Rep. Noem, Kristi L. [R-SD-At Large] (Introduced 01/05/2017) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs | Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: Senate - 02/07/2017 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2017-02-06 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 407 - 0 (Roll no. 80).(text: CR H985-986) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
11. H.R.277 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) American Health Care Reform Act of 2017 Sponsor: Rep. Roe, David P. [R-TN-1] (Introduced 01/04/2017) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Budget, Ways and Means, Education and the Workforce, Judiciary, Natural Resources, House Administration, Rules, Appropriations, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 02/10/2017 Referred to the Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
12. S.2372 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) VA MISSION Act of 2018 Sponsor: Sen. Isakson, Johnny [R-GA] (Introduced 02/05/2018) Cosponsors: (10) Committees: Senate - Veterans' Affairs | House - Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources Latest Action: 06/06/2018 Became Public Law No: 115-182. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-03-01 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent.(text: CR S1321) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-05-16 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by recorded vote: 347 - 70 (Roll no. 189). [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-05-23 [displayText] => Resolving differences -- Senate actions: Senate agreed to the House amendment to S. 2372 by Yea-Nay Vote. 92 - 5. Record Vote Number: 106. [externalActionCode] => 20500 [description] => Resolving Differences )
13. S.35 — 115th Congress (2017-2018) Black Hills National Cemetery Boundary Expansion Act Sponsor: Sen. Thune, John [R-SD] (Introduced 01/05/2017) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: Senate - Energy and Natural Resources | House - Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 115-626; S. Rept. 115-35 Latest Action: 05/25/2018 Became Public Law No: 115-175. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-04-10 [displayText] => Reported by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 115-626, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2017-12-21 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Voice Vote.(consideration: CR S8267-8269; text: CR S8267-8268) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2018-05-16 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 407 - 0 (Roll no. 187).(text: CR 5/16/2018 H3951-3952) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
14. H.R.6038 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) National Veterans Memorial and Museum Act Sponsor: Rep. Stivers, Steve [R-OH-15] (Introduced 09/15/2016) Cosponsors: (14) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 09/20/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. (All Actions) Tracker:
15. H.R.5475 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Health Equity and Accountability Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. Kelly, Robin L. [D-IL-2] (Introduced 06/14/2016) Cosponsors: (21) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, Budget, Judiciary, Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 09/19/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions. (All Actions) Tracker:
16. H.R.5189 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Opioid Abuse Crisis Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. Kuster, Ann M. [D-NH-2] (Introduced 05/11/2016) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Judiciary, Veterans' Affairs, Education and the Workforce, Ways and Means, Armed Services, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 06/07/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
17. H.R.4841 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Co-Prescribing Saves Lives Act of 2016 Sponsor: Rep. Rothfus, Keith J. [R-PA-12] (Introduced 03/23/2016) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 04/05/2016 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
18. H.R.3839 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Black Hills National Cemetery Boundary Expansion Act Sponsor: Rep. Noem, Kristi L. [R-SD-At Large] (Introduced 10/27/2015) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs Committee Reports: H. Rept. 114-714 Latest Action: Senate - 09/12/2016 Read twice. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 624. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2016-09-06 [displayText] => Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Natural Resources. H. Rept. 114-714, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
19. H.R.3236 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Surface Transportation and Veterans Health Care Choice Improvement Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Shuster, Bill [R-PA-9] (Introduced 07/28/2015) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Transportation and Infrastructure, Ways and Means, Energy and Commerce, Science, Space, and Technology, Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs, Education and the Workforce, Budget, Homeland Security Latest Action: 07/31/2015 Became Public Law No: 114-41. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2015-07-29 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 385 - 34, 1 Present (Roll no. 486).(text: CR H5640-5647) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2015-07-30 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Received in the Senate, read twice, considered, read the third time, and passed (under the order of 7/29/15, having achieved 60 votes in the affirmative) without amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 91 - 4. Record Vote Number: 261.(consideration CR S6165-6166) [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate )
20. H.R.2653 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) American Health Care Reform Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Roe, David P. [R-TN-1] (Introduced 06/04/2015) Cosponsors: (99) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Education and the Workforce, Judiciary, Natural Resources, House Administration, Rules, Appropriations, Veterans' Affairs, Budget Latest Action: House - 06/15/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
21. H.R.1183 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Veterans Cemetery Benefit Correction Act Sponsor: Rep. Scott, Austin [R-GA-8] (Introduced 02/27/2015) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 03/23/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Lands. (All Actions) Tracker:
22. H.R.1055 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Comprehensive Dental Reform Act of 2015 Sponsor: Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7] (Introduced 02/25/2015) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Judiciary, Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services Latest Action: House - 11/23/2015 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
23. S.2829 — 114th Congress (2015-2016) Maritime Administration Authorization and Enhancement Act for Fiscal Year 2017 Sponsor: Sen. Fischer, Deb [R-NE] (Introduced 04/20/2016) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: Senate - Commerce, Science, and Transportation | House - Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs, Judiciary, Oversight and Government Reform Committee Reports: S. Rept. 114-402 Latest Action: Senate - 12/09/2016 By Senator Thune from Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation filed written report. Report No. 114-402. (All Actions) Tracker:
This bill has the status Passed Senate
Array ( [actionDate] => 2016-06-14 [displayText] => Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Thune with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report. [externalActionCode] => 14000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2016-06-29 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Unanimous Consent. [externalActionCode] => 17000 [description] => Passed Senate )
24. H.R.5426 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps Amendments Act of 2013 Sponsor: Rep. Grayson, Alan [D-FL-9] (Introduced 09/09/2014) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Natural Resources, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Judiciary, Oversight and Government Reform Latest Action: House - 09/26/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker:
25. H.R.5294 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Health Equity and Accountability Act of 2014 Sponsor: Rep. Roybal-Allard, Lucille [D-CA-40] (Introduced 07/30/2014) Cosponsors: (81) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Agriculture, Education and the Workforce, Budget, Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Judiciary, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 11/17/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training. (All Actions) Tracker:
26. H.R.4574 — 113th Congress (2013-2014) Strengthening Mental Health in Our Communities Act of 2014 Sponsor: Rep. Barber, Ron [D-AZ-2] (Introduced 05/06/2014) Cosponsors: (66) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Judiciary, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Education and the Workforce, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 07/21/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker:
30. H.R.3610 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Streamlining Workforce Development Programs Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Foxx, Virginia [R-NC-5] (Introduced 12/08/2011) Cosponsors: (8) Committees: House - Education and the Workforce, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Agriculture, Natural Resources, Judiciary, Energy and Commerce, Transportation and Infrastructure Latest Action: House - 03/08/2012 Subcommittee Hearings Held. (All Actions) Tracker:
31. H.R.2954 — 112th Congress (2011-2012) Health Equity and Accountability Act of 2011 Sponsor: Rep. Lee, Barbara [D-CA-9] (Introduced 09/15/2011) Cosponsors: (83) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Education and the Workforce, Budget, Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Agriculture, Judiciary, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 11/18/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training. (All Actions) Tracker:
32. H.R.3124 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Health Information Technology (IT) Public Utility Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Fudge, Marcia L. [D-OH-11] (Introduced 07/08/2009) Cosponsors: (18) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Veterans' Affairs, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 07/10/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
33. H.R.3109 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) HAHPSA 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Teague, Harry [D-NM-2] (Introduced 06/26/2009) Cosponsors: (6) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Veterans' Affairs, Education and Labor, Armed Services, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 08/03/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
34. H.R.3090 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Health Equity and Accountability Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Christensen, Donna M. [D-VI-At Large] (Introduced 06/26/2009) Cosponsors: (58) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Education and Labor, Judiciary, Natural Resources, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Agriculture Latest Action: House - 06/18/2010 Referred to the Subcommittee on Rural Development, Biotechnology, Specialty Crops, and Foreign Agriculture. (All Actions) Tracker:
35. H.R.2990 — 111th Congress (2009-2010) Disabled Military Retiree Relief Act of 2009 Sponsor: Rep. Skelton, Ike [D-MO-4] (Introduced 06/23/2009) Cosponsors: (25) Committees: House - Armed Services, Oversight and Government Reform, Natural Resources, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/03/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2009-06-24 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 404 - 0 (Roll no. 433).(text: CR H7154-7160) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
36. H.R.6397 — 110th Congress (2007-2008) Veterans Education Improvement Act of 2008 Sponsor: Rep. Hensarling, Jeb [R-TX-5] (Introduced 06/26/2008) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Education and Labor, Oversight and Government Reform, Energy and Commerce, Science and Technology, Transportation and Infrastructure, Natural Resources Latest Action: House - 07/25/2008 Referred to the Subcommittee on Military Personnel. (All Actions) Tracker:
37. H.R.3566 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) To provide that no Federal funds may be expended for the payment or reimbursement of drugs when prescribed for the treatment of erectile or sexual dysfunction. Sponsor: Rep. King, Steve [R-IA-5] (Introduced 07/28/2005) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Government Reform, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Resources, International Relations, Judiciary Latest Action: House - 09/19/2005 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. (All Actions) Tracker:
38. H.R.2814 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) To provide that no Federal funds may be expended for the payment or reimbursement of a drug that is prescribed to a sex offender for the treatment of sexual or erectile dysfunction. Sponsor: Rep. McNulty, Michael R. [D-NY-21] (Introduced 06/08/2005) Cosponsors: (3) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Government Reform, Armed Services, Veterans' Affairs, Resources Latest Action: House - 06/21/2005 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
39. H.R.676 — 109th Congress (2005-2006) Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act Sponsor: Rep. Conyers, John, Jr. [D-MI-14] (Introduced 02/08/2005) Cosponsors: (78) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Resources, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: 05/02/2006 Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (All Actions) Tracker:
40. H.R.5304 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) Bakers Creek Air Crash Memorial Act of 2004 Sponsor: Rep. Capito, Shelley Moore [R-WV-2] (Introduced 10/08/2004) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Resources Latest Action: House - 11/08/2004 Referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Recreation and Public Lands. (All Actions) Tracker:
41. H.R.2201 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) National War Permanent Tribute Historical Database Act Sponsor: Rep. Udall, Mark [D-CO-2] (Introduced 05/21/2003) Cosponsors: (26) Committees: House - Resources, Veterans' Affairs | Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: H. Rept. 108-492 Latest Action: Senate - 05/18/2004 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2004-05-17 [displayText] => Reported by the Committee on Resources. H. Rept. 108-492, Part I. [externalActionCode] => 5000 [description] => Introduced )
Array ( [actionDate] => 2004-05-17 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by voice vote.(text as passed House: CR H3025) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
42. H.R.1762 — 108th Congress (2003-2004) Veterans National Heritage Preservation Act of 2003 Sponsor: Rep. Turner, Michael R. [R-OH-3] (Introduced 04/10/2003) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Resources Latest Action: House - 04/24/2003 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
44. H.R.5202 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) Veterans National Heritage Preservation Act of 2002 Sponsor: Rep. Hall, Tony P. [D-OH-3] (Introduced 07/24/2002) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Resources Latest Action: House - 08/09/2002 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
45. H.R.5106 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) Alopecia Fairness Expansion Act of 2002 Sponsor: Rep. Rivers, Lynn N. [D-MI-13] (Introduced 07/11/2002) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Energy and Commerce, Ways and Means, Government Reform, Veterans' Affairs, Armed Services, Resources Latest Action: House - 08/09/2002 Referred to the Subcommittee on Health. (All Actions) Tracker:
46. H.R.2748 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) National War Permanent Tribute Historical Database Act Sponsor: Rep. Dreier, David [R-CA-28] (Introduced 08/02/2001) Cosponsors: (4) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Resources Committee Reports: H. Rept. 107-662 Latest Action: House - 09/18/2002 Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Resources. H. Rept. 107-662, Part I. (All Actions) Tracker:
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47. H.R.1696 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) To expedite the construction of the World War II memorial in the District of Columbia. Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 05/03/2001) Cosponsors: (29) Committees: House - Resources, Veterans' Affairs | Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Latest Action: 05/28/2001 Became Public Law No: 107-11. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Tracker:
Array ( [actionDate] => 2001-05-15 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 400 - 15 (Roll no. 109).(text: CR H2155-2156) [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
50. H.R.1237 — 107th Congress (2001-2002) To designate certain lands in the Valley Forge National Historical Park as the Valley Forge National Cemetery. Sponsor: Rep. Hoeffel, Joseph M. [D-PA-13] (Introduced 03/27/2001) Cosponsors: (19) Committees: House - Resources, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 04/10/2001 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker:
51. H.R.5408 — 106th Congress (1999-2000) Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 Sponsor: Rep. Spence, Floyd [R-SC-2] (Introduced 10/06/2000) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Armed Services, Commerce, Education and the Workforce, Government Reform, International Relations, Judiciary, Resources, Science, Transportation and Infrastructure, Veterans' Affairs, Ways and Means, Intelligence (Permanent Select) Latest Action: House - 10/06/2000 Referred to the Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans. (All Actions) Notes: H.R. 5408, the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act FY2001, was incorporated and its text included in the H.R. 4205 conference report: H.Rept. 106-945. The language of H.R. 3582, the Federal Contractor Flexibility Act, concerning the procurement of information... Tracker:
55. H.R.4365 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To designate certain lands in the Valley Forge National Historical Park as the Valley Forge National Cemetery. Sponsor: Rep. Fox, Jon D. [R-PA-13] (Introduced 07/31/1998) Cosponsors: (20) Committees: House - Resources, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/12/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Benefits. (All Actions) Tracker:
56. H.R.3556 — 105th Congress (1997-1998) To reduce Federal spending in several programs. Sponsor: Rep. Shays, Christopher [R-CT-4] (Introduced 03/25/1998) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - National Security, International Relations, Science, Agriculture, Transportation and Infrastructure, Resources, Education and the Workforce, Veterans' Affairs, Commerce Latest Action: House - 04/17/1998 Referred to the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training and Life-Long Learning. (All Actions) Tracker:
58. H.R.3929 — 104th Congress (1995-1996) Arizona Land Preservation and Management Act of 1996 Sponsor: Rep. Stump, Bob [R-AZ-3] (Introduced 07/31/1996) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Resources, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/06/1996 Referred to the Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests and Lands. (All Actions) Tracker:
63. H.R.4609 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) Commission on Integration of Workers' Compensation Act of 1994 Sponsor: Rep. Fazio, Vic [D-CA-3] (Introduced 06/21/1994) Cosponsors: (1) Committees: House - Armed Services, Education and Labor, Energy and Commerce, Natural Resources, Post Office and Civil Service, Veterans' Affairs, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 08/30/1994 Referred to the Subcommittee On Insular and International Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
65. H.R.3909 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) To amend title XVII of the Public Health Service Act to authorize the Secretary of Health and Human Services to make grants to establish and develop telemedicine projects for rural areas, to establish a health care data interchange system, and for other purposes. Sponsor: Rep. LaRocco, Larry [D-ID-1] (Introduced 02/24/1994) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Armed Services, Education and Labor, Energy and Commerce, Natural Resources, Post Office and Civil Service, Veterans' Affairs, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 04/27/1994 Referred to the Subcommittee On Insular and International Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
67. H.R.3600 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) Health Security Act Sponsor: Rep. Gephardt, Richard A. [D-MO-3] (Introduced 11/20/1993) Cosponsors: (103) Committees: House - Armed Services, Education and Labor, Government Operations, Energy and Commerce, Natural Resources, Judiciary, Post Office and Civil Service, Rules, Veterans' Affairs, Ways and Means Committee Reports: H.Rept 103-601 Part 1; H.Rept 103-601 Part 2; H.Rept 103-601 Part 3; H.Rept 103-601 Part 4; H.Rept 103-601 Part 5; H.Rept 103-601 Part 6; H.Rept 103-601 Part 7 Latest Action: House - 10/07/1994 Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. H. Rept. 103-601, Part VII. (All Actions) Tracker:
69. H.R.3226 — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) Anti-Discrimination in Health Care Act Sponsor: Rep. Foglietta, Thomas M. [D-PA-1] (Introduced 10/06/1993) Cosponsors: (2) Committees: House - Armed Services, Energy and Commerce, Natural Resources, Post Office and Civil Service, Veterans' Affairs, Ways and Means Latest Action: House - 11/15/1993 Referred to the Subcommittee on Native American Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
72. H.R.577 — 101st Congress (1989-1990) Separation of Powers Act of 1989 Sponsor: Rep. Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA-38] (Introduced 01/20/1989) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Foreign Affairs, Armed Services, Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, Veterans' Affairs, Interior and Insular Affairs, Science, Space and Technology Latest Action: House - 02/15/1989 Referred to the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. (All Actions) Tracker:
73. H.R.5012 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) Arizona-Florida Land Exchange Act of 1988 Sponsor: Rep. Udall, Morris K. [D-AZ-2] (Introduced 07/12/1988) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Interior and Insular Affairs, Veterans' Affairs, Appropriations Latest Action: 09/27/1988 For Further Action See H.R.4519. (All Actions) Tracker:
74. H.R.4519 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) Arizona-Florida Land Exchange Act of 1988 Sponsor: Rep. Udall, Morris K. [D-AZ-2] (Introduced 05/03/1988) Cosponsors: (14) Committees: House - Interior and Insular Affairs, Veterans' Affairs, Education and Labor, Merchant Marine and Fisheries | Senate - Energy and Natural Resources Committee Reports: H.Rept 100-744 Part 1; H.Rept 100-744 Part 2 Latest Action: House - 10/20/1988 For Further Action See S.2840. (All Actions) Tracker:
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Array ( [actionDate] => 1988-07-27 [displayText] => Passed/agreed to in House: Passed House (Amended) by Yea-Nay Vote: 281 - 125 (Record Vote No: 240). [externalActionCode] => 8000 [description] => Passed House )
75. H.R.2520 — 100th Congress (1987-1988) Separation of Powers Act of 1987 Sponsor: Rep. Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA-38] (Introduced 05/27/1987) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Armed Services, Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Interior and Insular Affairs, Science, Space and Technology, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 06/09/1987 Referred to Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
78. H.R.5227 — 99th Congress (1985-1986) Separation of Powers Act of 1986 Sponsor: Rep. Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA-38] (Introduced 07/23/1986) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Armed Services, Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Interior and Insular Affairs, Science and Technology, Veterans' Affairs Latest Action: House - 08/19/1986 Referred to Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment. (All Actions) Tracker:
80. H.R.5957 — 96th Congress (1979-1980) A bill to provide for the establishment of a national cemetery within the boundaries of the San Luis unit of the Central Valley project (California). Sponsor: Rep. Coelho, Anthony Lee [D-CA-15] (Introduced 11/27/1979) Cosponsors: (0) Committees: House - Veterans' Affairs, Interior and Insular Affairs Latest Action: House - 11/27/1979 Referred to House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker:
Armed Forces and National Security [13]
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Natural Resources Remove
Budget [12]
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General Farm Commodities [1]
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Rural Development, Biotechnology, Specialty Crops, and Foreign Agriculture [1]
Investigations [3]
Military Personnel [15]
Research and Technology [1]
Seapower and Projection Forces [1]
Early Childhood, Elementary, and Secondary Education [1]
Postsecondary Education, Training and Life-Long Learning [2]
Environment and Hazardous Materials [1]
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Arms Control, International Security and Science [3]
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Energy and the Environment [3]
Federal Lands [10]
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Census, Statistics and Postal Personnel [1]
Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife, and Oceans [1]
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Water and Power [2]
Energy Development and Applications [1]
Energy and Environment [1]
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Select Revenue Measures [1]
Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD] [3]
Dornan, Robert K. [R-CA] [3]
Senate Sponsor
Fischer, Deb [R-NE] [1]
Isakson, Johnny [R-GA] [1]
Thune, John [R-SD] [1]
Hastings, Alcee L. [D-FL] [11]
Lee, Barbara [D-CA] [11]
Rangel, Charles B. [D-NY] [11]
Grijalva, Raul M. [D-AZ] [10]
Senate Cosponsor
Alexander, Lamar [R-TN] [1]
Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT] [1]
Booker, Cory A. [D-NJ] [1]
Daines, Steve [R-MT] [1]
Enzi, Michael B. [R-WY] [1]


Discussion in 'Crafting and Trading' started by solidus, Jan 19, 2004.
Leave a msg or pm me ingame.
sorry i didnt answer you the other day when you msged me, but was in combat and afterwards i forgot about, just figured when i saw this post again.
Need to get rid off it..
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text:
Interview: Fabienne Erni of ELUVEITIE
Mark Dean May 22, 2019
Eluveitie released their 8th studio album, Ategnatos, with Nuclear Blast Records on April 5th. I managed to catch the band Live in Belfast several years ago and it proved to be an incredible and quite unique experience. The band create a fusion of death metal mixed with traditional elements and instruments bagpipes, fiddles, hurdy-gurdy, harps, violins and more that combined with harsh vocals and metallic guitars and rhythm provide for a unique juxtaposing and enthralling sound. To discuss the release of their new album I managed to have a chat with their newest band member, Fabienne Erni, who joined the band in 2017.
ANTIHERO: So, how are you? Are you on tour at the moment?
Fabienne: I am at school. Can you hear me? I hope everything works. Okay, perfect.
ANTIHERO: I'm fine. All good at this end.
Fabienne: Good. All right, perfect.
ANTIHERO: So, at school, are you working as a teacher? Or what are you doing there?
Fabienne: No, I am actually still studying. I'm doing a master's degree. I study music to become a singing teacher, so I've just had some singing lessons.
ANTIHERO: So, obviously then, the band is not your full-time career at the moment?
Fabienne: Well, it will be soon, because I will finish in the summer, and then it's just Eluveitie.
ANTIHERO: Okay, taking you back, did you grow up in a musical family?
Fabienne: Actually, no not at all, kind of. So, my brother is doing music, but otherwise nobody. Like my parents, not at all. I don't know why we love music, but just my brother and me, we just love it. And otherwise, it's not really a musical family, no.
ANTIHERO: So, where did your training come from? I mean obviously, you're competent on a couple of different instruments. Did you teach yourself? Or did you engage in study to be proficient?
Fabienne: Well singing wise, I always loved to sing of course, like everybody, every child, I guess. But I started when I was 15, I had this amazing singing teacher and I studied Complete Vocal Technique. It's the singing technique in Copenhagen. And I went there to do some studies, for like four months I was there and so I sing with Complete Vocal Technique. And I learned the piano and the guitar when I was like, I don't know, 12, around that, and the harp I started when I joined Eluveitie.
ANTIHERO: So, how did you go from that and learning new musical skills, to actually going and joining a band, touring the world and recording albums?
Fabienne: (laughing) Yeah, it's pretty crazy. For me, the harp is very challenging, but I really love it, especially now on the new album. I think it has great parts and it adds some, I don't know… it has a nice vibe and it has very nice parts, so I'm happy that I can do something when I don't think.
ANTIHERO: Is it not difficult creating an album when there are so many band members? In terms of the artistic process and of the sharing and inputting of so many people's ideas?
Fabienne: Not really. It is a bit of a mess sometimes, but you know, most of the songs, they come from Chigrel and he was working a lot with Jonas for this album together, and then we all bring in our own ideas. And especially Chrigel, I think he loves it, the more the better, you know? So, we are nine people and eleven instruments, I don't know, that's maybe a little bit Eluveitie and breaking it down is hard. That's true.
ANTIHERO: How did you first join the band? Did you have to audition? Did you know somebody already in the band? How did you get in?
Fabienne: Well, that was a little bit crazy. I know Jonas, the new guitarist. I knew him a little bit before because he was at the same school like I am right now, and he suggested me, and he showed them actually a Disney song, when I was singing on a concert and I sang a Disney song, and he showed them. And they liked it, and they said yeah, maybe. Let's just record Call of the Mountains and send it in. And first, I was like oh no, no no no no, this is too big, this is too much, I don't know. But I thought some feedback would be great from such a band, it's always good. And so, I just gave it a try, I recorded it in the cellar, just on the phone, it was really raw, so they just heard how I sound. And then I met Chrigel, I met the whole band, and I went to a concert to see how it is backstage. And I recorded something with Chrigel, I recorded a song just as a tryout, like how the chemistry is going, how we can work together, and so on. And it just kept on rolling, and three months later, they said they would like me to be in the band. And I was like, oh my goodness! And then I thought, okay let's just do it.
ANTIHERO: Had you been in a band before? Or was that just your very first band?
Fabienne: Well, I've been in school bands, but not in a private band or something, I've never, just for school projects, and so Eluveitie is my very first band, actually. So yeah, it was a huge step.
ANTIHERO: A massive step, especially when you go and you perform live before some big crowds.
Fabienne: Yeah, I remember my very first show, where it was and I mean it was over 1000 people and I really was thrown into the cold water a little bit, because I'd never performed in front of so many people. You know also with the in-ears, for example, it's just a little detail but also singing with in-ears, it was so new to me. And we just had little bit rehearsals before, and I didn't know how the fans will treat me. I mean it was not really easy, you know, to become the new singer of Eluveitie and Anna has huge footsteps, and to step in those it's really hard and I struggled a lot in the beginning, but overall I got such a nice and warm welcome, so now I feel so good to be in the band.
ANTIHERO: And you've been in the band now over two years, so you must be comfortable now?
Fabienne: Yeah. Yeah, now I am totally. Also, in the group, I was also… you know in the beginning, you never know will they like me, because I didn't know them so well, and I was a bit scared of everything, but now it's great. Yeah, we have a really good vibe in the group and that's very important to me, because if you don't feel comfortable in the group and you're on the road and together 24/7… no, I could not handle that, so I'm happy that we have a good vibe together and we are like a little family on tour, it's cool.
ANTIHERO: And then of course, what was it like… I mean Evocation II, that would've been the first album that you had ever been involved in making.
Fabienne: Yeah.
ANTIHERO: What was that like, making that? Going into the studio, and… just that whole learning process.
Fabienne: Yeah, well when I think back, that for me was very very intense. I was so nervous because we went to Tommy Vetterli, and I mean Tommy Vetterli is you know. I mean, he's the Tommy Vetterli. I had no idea how it will go, but after the first minutes of just trying it out and getting into the song, I really felt comfortable, because he really knows how to make you feel good and really get the best out of you. Like he found the right mix of saying, "No Fabi, you can do it better", but not putting me down, like "This is shit". So for me, working with him, it was a huge help and I felt very comfortable, and of course, it was also just new to me. Like I got the song, and okay, now go record. I was like, oh shit, okay okay.
But I also had some freedom. For example, with Artio, this is when I sing alone, there I was totally free. I just had the lyrics and the melody, and I could just make the lyrics match to the melody and just do whatever, and that was also great experience for me. And what really helped me, and I realised that in the studio, when you really have to sing and put it on the point, that I create my stories around the songs, and this really helps me so much. Like I ask Chrigel, "What is this song about? What do I need to know? What is the feeling? What do we want to say?" And then I build my story, and then I can kind of dive in and not think, "Oh god, now I'm in the studio". So, for Ategnatos, now I was a little bit prepared. I knew how's it going to be, how the studio looks like, and I mean I was there for like eight days straight. I never left the building, kind of, that's very tense. And also, it helps to get to know the people more, like the band members. So, it's this really intense experience, and I learned so much and I grew a lot.
ANTIHERO: Did you feel more confident with this album? Obviously, Evocation was your first album, you were new to the band. Did you feel more confident in yourself on this album in terms of suggesting, making ideas musically?
Fabienne: Yeah, totally. I mean most of all, I think I'm more the interpret. I mostly get the lyrics and get the melody, and then I can bring life to it. But I always try more. And I was like, maybe we can add this and what about the last chorus, let's make it bigger and longer. And so I added some ideas. Or one song, actually, just was built in the studio, Ambiramus, and there I could really give in some inputs for also the melody and stuff, but I'm still a bit shy with this. But I think the more confident I get now, the more I can give.
ANTIHERO: Obviously then at the moment, this is a full-time job for you. You're currently, as you say, at school. How are you going to combine the two? Between your study and touring.
Fabienne: Yeah, well the good thing is I study music and, I don't know what's it called, the guy that owns the school, he was like, "Yeah, you have to do this. It's great. And we will support you, and when you're not here when you're touring, this is fine. We will make it work." So they were very supportive. But I feel it now, I'm really not that often at school. But I hope everything will go fine, and I will make my master's degree, that would be awesome, so I would be finished in September, and then I would have the whole time for just doing music. But I have to say, I really like it, to switch between the two worlds. Like we are on tour, and then it's just you sleep, then you get up, sound check, food, fans, talking, and show, and party, sleep. A little bit like this, overall. And then you come back to school. And this, I love it, to switch between the two worlds, but it also takes a lot of strength as well. I can feel it sometimes. Sometimes I'm really done.
ANTIHERO: What about dealing with fans? Do you find that stressful? Do you find it easy? Are you a shy person? How do you find that, because you have quite some extremely passionate fans who have followed the band for many years?
Fabienne: Yeah yeah yeah. I have to say, I love it. It gives me a lot, and I'm so happy when I can make them smile as well. Like when we talk, it's so nice to connect. This is what I love. Also, we were in South America in February, and their fans were waiting at the airport even. And you know, although we were so tired and blah, feeling like shit, it gives me a lot when I can talk to them and when I can make them happy, they make me happy, so what more can I wish for? Yeah, I have to say, I really like it, to connect with the fans. I still think it's a bit crazy for me, like when I get presents or they want to take selfies. I mean, I'm very happy when I can make them happy, but I still think it's a bit crazy.
ANTIHERO: Yeah. Or people wanting to do interviews with you as well, I guess.
Fabienne: Exactly, and I'm still a little bit nervous for interviews, but I think it's just doing it all over again and again and again. But also, it's part of the job and I like it.
ANTIHERO: How do you feel, is it difficult for you personally to combine… obviously, you trained in mandala harp, is it difficult to combine that with the hard sort of extreme metal that you play as well? Is it difficult to combine the two? Completely different musical styles.
Fabienne: Yeah, I think there is a lot of space for the harp and for the folkies. I think when I would only play when it's the metal part, probably you will not really recognise it, but also now in Ategnatos, I think I got really nice spots where it adds some magic, I don't know. It just gives it a new timbre to it, so this is nice to have those spots. And otherwise, I think it also adds some groove. Like you don't really hear it that well when it's the metal section playing everything together, but without it, something would be missing. So, I think we found a really good middle for the album now.
ANTIHERO: What about touring then? How do you find it? Do you get much time, or is it a busy schedule? You mentioned South America, will you get time to maybe explore the culture or meet the people outside of performing live?
Fabienne: Yeah, this depends a little bit. I love it when we have off days because then I can really be… I'm still a little bit, not stressed, but still a little bit tense when I know, "Oh god, tonight is a show", you know? And then, the thing is, when you tour around, I mean it's great, you see nature. When you're with the Nightliner, you can watch out and you see nature, that's awesome. But usually you only have like two hours break, and then there is sound check, two hours break, then there is dinner, oh shit I have to do makeup, and maybe meet and greet. Sometimes it's really hard to actually get to see some nature, like what I'm most interested in. And usually, the clubs are in the cities, maybe in the industrial area. But still, I always go for walks around the venue, and I think we still get to kind of touch the culture a little bit, like food wise, what the venue provides us or also talking to people, then you can really feel that's different culture, and we can talk and that's great, but I love it when we have off days.
ANTIHERO: So, what about then, you mentioned the touring schedule, are you busy then pretty much for the rest of the year?
Fabienne: Yeah, yeah, we have a really tight schedule. This is a bit crazy. Now we go to Australia, China, and New Zealand in May. And then we have huge festivals like Wacken. I've never been to Wacken. I'm very excited to see that. You know we do Download, and just Summer Breeze, and that's going to be pretty epic I think. And then we go to North America in September, and a Europe tour until the end of the year. It's pretty packed.
ANTIHERO: But I mean, on the other hand, the negative side, it doesn't really give you much time to spend with family and friends?
Fabienne: Yeah, that's true, but I stay connected with my two best friends a lot. I mean we WhatsApp and Skype, so that's okay. And we are back on Christmas, this is important for me. So that's okay.
ANTIHERO: So, you get a little time off at Christmas?
Fabienne: Yes, exactly, exactly. And it's quieter. So, it's just until like the middle of December we're pretty, how do you say, stuffed with… I don't know.
ANTIHERO: Yeah. You're busy.
Fabienne: Yeah, busy, exactly.
ANTIHERO: Okay, that's brilliant. Thank you very much. Actually, I think regarding your tour, you come to the UK September, October maybe?
Fabienne: Yeah, yeah. Yes, yes. I think we play a festival. Bloodstock?
ANTIHERO: Bloodstock, yeah. That's correct in August.
Fabienne: Bloodstock, yeah exactly. And then I think in October, or November? No, it's in November, I think, we come. Where are you from? You have this special accent.
ANTIHERO: Well, I'm actually originally from Northern Ireland.
Fabienne: Oh, I thought so, it sounds a little bit Irish.
ANTIHERO: Yeah, but I have lived in Manchester for four years now.
Fabienne: Okay. Oh wow, yeah I love the north, like England, Scotland, Ireland and Scandinavia, this is the countries I really feel like my heart belongs to.
ANTIHERO: I'm actually going along, hopefully, I think you're playing Manchester at some point before the end of the year, so I'm hoping to get along to that show.
Fabienne: Ah that would be awesome, yeah.
ANTIHERO: So, I'll hopefully get to meet up with you and the rest of the guys in the band then.
Fabienne: Yeah, yeah, of course. If you want, we can also do another interview, whatever, you just…
Yeah, that would be awesome.
ANTIHERO: That would be brilliant.
Fabienne: Interview in person, wow.
ANTIHERO: Yeah, that would be nice. Okay, thanks very much for chatting to me today.
Fabienne: Thank you for having me. Thank you so much.
ELUVEITIE Fabienne Erni interview
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Mark Dean
I'm a 40+ music fan. Fond mostly of rock and metal - my staple musical food delights. Originally from Northern Ireland, I am now based in the UK-Manchester. I have a hectic musical existence with regular shows and interviews. Been writing freelance for five years now with several international websites. Passionate about what I do, I have been fortunate already to interview many of my all-time musical heroes. My music passion was first created by seeing Status Quo at the tender age of 15. While I still am passionate about my rock and metal, I have found that with age my taste has diversified so that now I am actually dipping into different musical genres and styles for the first time.
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text:
Donovan Carter "DC"
Eye on Film
Eye on Film: Donovan Carter Is Balling
The Shadow League
By: Ricardo A. Hazell
Former UCLA Football Player Turned Actor Talks With The Shadow League
The wildly successful HBO show Ballers wrapped up its second season in September. So popular was Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson's vehicle that it was re-upped for a third season. It follows the daily dealings of a retired NFL player turned financial adviser named Spencer Strasmore. He navigates the egos, immaturity and general lust for life of young professional athletes as he tries to encourage, advise and mold them into responsible decision-makers and stewards of their own lives.
The Shadow League spoke with former UCLA defensive tackle turned actor Donovan Carter, who plays Vernon Littlefield, about his rapidly rising notoriety, the thrill of working with The Rock and fellow castmembers, and how it feels going undrafted by NFL teams coming out of college, only to play a stellar football player on TV.
The Shadow League: What was it like when you first auditioned?
Donovan Carter: At first I was scared. I never acted before. So, when I got the email and I saw all the lines that they have given me I was like "Ah, man! This is really acting." I was intimidated. I almost didn't go at first. But I called my Dad and I talked to him. Every time I get ready to do something I call my parents. They always give me great uplift, and he told me just go for it.
I really didn't have nothing to lose. I had just gotten finished with college and at the stage where you're about to graduate and figure out what you're going to do with your life. I was really intimidated and excited so I just went for it. I jumped off a cliff and didn't know what was at the bottom.
It's been a blessing, man. God is just amazing, looking from where I started to where I'm at. I'm just thankful. I'm still learning about the craft and I love it. I love what I do. I want to continue to get better and be successful in this business.
TSL: As a former college football player with dreams of NFL greatness, what was it like making the transition from being an actual football player in school to playing an NFL star on TV?
DC: It was different. I have my good days and my bad days, but I've always been taught that if you put your mind to it you can do anything. Football is a tough game mentally and physically and that kind of just helped me out. The stuff I can do in football, I know that not a lot of people can do that.
That kind of gave me the confidence to do that and other things. I used everything I've learned in my life from football, from my coaches, from my mentor and from my parents, I used that to help me get to my next career path.
TSL: How has working with a superstar like Dwayne The Rock Johnson been thus far?
DC: It's really cool. I looked up to him when I was a kid and watched him wrestle. Used to stay up late when I wasn't supposed to be up, got in trouble, but I had to watch him. He was my favorite out of all the other wrestlers. It's really just surreal.
To see him, how he conducts himself, and where he's at in his career, how cool and how humble he is, he taught me how not to let this business change who you are. He's not big headed, he's down to earth, he speaks to everybody. Doesn't matter if you're a series regular or you work for craft services, he treats everybody the same, and I really appreciated that from him.
TSL: And how has the transition to being a full time actor with very little prior experience been for?
DC: It's really just learning about life outside of acting. You do this, it comes with some new fame, some new popularity. Just balancing my life, figuring out some things. Also, it's an adjustment for me. You do this project, and you film it, and you really don't see it until months later.
Coming from a sports background, we watch our film immediately after we do stuff. As soon as the practice is over we watch film, and you find ways to get better. It was a little adjustment for me because how do I get better if I can't see what I'm actually doing? I just figured out how to adjust and get better in other ways.
TSL: What has been your favorite part about being on set thus far?
My favorite episode of the first season was episode three. A lot of times when we film, I might be with Dwayne, but I like the scenes where the regulars are all together. Usually it's party scenes or something, but I like the scenes where we're all together because we have such a good camaraderie and always have a good time.
© DCsofly Inc.
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Thanks for sharing! I definitely need this to help with my Girls' Pint Out chapter!
No problem. It really is a great book. I've learned a ton of interesting facts from it. A must-have for beer geeks.
I hope to one day be able to call myself a beer geek, and maybe this book will help me achieve that level.
This book definitely wouldn't hurt. Get yoself a copy!


text:
Ammothereva lehri är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Zaitzev 1973.  Ammothereva lehri ingår i släktet Ammothereva och familjen stilettflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Stilettflugor
lehri


These agreements are intended to create a legal basis for promoting the trade of goods and services and lead to a broader economic cooperation. Each party undertakes to encourage and create favourable conditions for the export or import of goods and services originating from the other party and to accord to them the same treatment it accords its own products or traders.
Albania has agreements in place with France, Greece, Germany, Romania, Italy, Turkey, USA, Netherlands, China, Poland, Croatia, Malaysia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Egypt, Russia, Switzerland, Macedonia, Argentina, Uruguay, Israel, Serbia & Montenegro. An agreement with Slovenia was abolished in 2005 and one with the Ukraine has yet to enter into force.
Albania has signed Conventions for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and on capital with many countries, which have priority over Albanian domestic law.
BITs are treaties that ensure the investors of respective countries receive national or most-favoured nation treatment and provide mechanisms for the settlement of disputes.
Greece, Germany, Italy, France, Austria, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Portugal, Belgium, Spain, Finland, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, USA, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Croatia, Russia, Israel, Tunisia, Egypt, China, Malaysia, Serbia & Montenegro, South Korea, Kosovo (UNMIK).
As an important achievement toward EU integration, the Stabilization and Association Agreement includes the establishment of a free trade area between Albania and the EU in a 10 year time frame. The SAA was ratified on April 2009 and supersedes the Interim Agreement which is now an integral part of the SAA.
On December 19, 2006, all of Albania's bilateral trade agreements with countries in the region were transformed into a multilateral one, the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA 2006), which includes eight countries: Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Moldova, Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
CEFTA's main objectives are, inter alia, to expand trade in goods and services and foster investment by means of fair, stable and predictable rules, eliminate barriers to trade between the Parties, provide appropriate protection of intellectual property rights in accordance with international standards and harmonize provisions on modern trade policy issues such as competition rules and state aid. It also includes clear and effective procedures for dispute settlement.
On December 2009, Albania signed an FTA with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). EFTA member states are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
The Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Albania and the EFTA states focuses on the liberalization of trade in goods. Both EFTA and Albania will abolish all customs duties on industrial products, including fish and other marine products. Bilateral arrangements on agricultural products between the individual EFTA States and Albania also form part of the instruments establishing the free-trade area between both sides.
Albania has also a Free Trade Agreement with Turkey, signed in 2006 and entered into force on May 2008. According to the agreement, no tariffs will be put on Albanian industrial goods exported to Turkey and tariffs for certain Turkish products will be reduced before they will eventually be exempted in five years.Regarding to agricultural products, the countries have granted each-other tariff quota.
(Based on the principle which enables you importing countries, which after a certain degree of processing, goods originating them as their own). The application of diagonal cumulation between Albania, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia and the EFTA States is foreseen by the Free Trade Agreements that these countries have signed with the EFTA States.
The System of Preferences General (GSP) is a US trade program designed to promote economic growth in developing countries by providing preferential duty-free entry of up to 3,500 products from 128 countries including Albania & Kosovo.The purpose of the GSP program is to give these exports a competitive edge in the U.S. market.
U.S. companies and customers are especially interested in buying goods through the GSP program because the exports are not charged tariffs, upon entering the United States.
Many items are eligible for GSP duty-free treatment. These include most manufactured goods; inputs used in manufacturing; jewelry; many types of carpets; certain agricultural and fishery products; and many types of chemicals, marble, and minerals.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Recent Hurricane Irma (2017) created an enormous scale of evacuation in Florida's history. More than 6.5 million Floridians were ordered to leave their homes. Mandatory evacuations were ordered first in the Florida Keys. As the storm approached, emergency managers in nearly every coastal county followed to issue evacuation orders \cite{FDOT2017}. As millions evacuated, heavy traffic clogged major Florida highways for five days \cite{Ralph2017}.
To understand the hurricane evacuation process, complete and accurate dataset showing when and how many people left a given place through which road is vitally in need.

However, such a dataset is usually not publicly available, as possibly it is still difficult for the government to monitor and record the traffic flow on the entire traffic network. The traffic data deficiency thus impedes evacuation studies. In this paper, based on the game theory, we develop a new method to reconstruct the evacuation traffic flow on all highways based on partial observations on main highways. We apply the analysis to Florida during Hurricane Irma, where the global reconstructed traffic pattern is validated using news reports and Twitter records.

The reconstructed dataset can be used to study the evacuation process during Hurricane Irma. It can be used to validate the sociology models for evacuation decision making (e.g., \cite{urbina2003national}, \cite{hasan2010behavioral} and \cite{fu2004sequential}). It can also provide input for evacuation traffic modeling (e.g., \cite{yi2017optimization} and \cite{murray2013evacuation}). These studies together can help the government to make better evacuation orders in future hurricanes.

\section{Data and Traffic Reconstruction Model }

\subsection{Data}
The traffic data for the main highways are obtained from the Florida Department of Transportation spatial analysis for Hurricane Irma \cite{FDOT2017}. The traffic data shows the number of cars passed by the cameras for every 3-hour period. The transportation network data used is a GIS database released by the Florida Department of Transportation \cite{FDOT2017}; here we consider only the roads with a speed limit over 35 mph to reduce the computational cost and maximizing the precision of the model. We also use the Census Population data \cite{Census2010} for evacuation demand estimation. The overlaying maps visualize the data in Fig.\ref{fig:1}. Since the data-available main highway network (the upper layer) is very sparse, our goal is to downscale the traffic data to the detailed traffic network (the middle layer), based on the population density distribution (the bottom layer).  In the analysis, the population for each square miles of the bottom layer is allocated to the nearest node on the traffic network.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{Picture1.pdf}
  \caption{Overlaid maps showing data-available sparse traffic network (upper layer), calculation based detailed highway network (middle level), and population density distribution (bottom layer)}
  \label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Reconstruction Model}
Our traffic reconstruction model is built on the most classical traffic assignment model-the (static) user equilibrium (UE) assignment model \cite{fisk1980some}. The UE model is based on Wardrop's first principle, which states that no driver can unilaterally reduce his/her travel cost by shifting to another route \cite{wardrop1952some}. The UE model is usually used to estimate the traffic flow on each road based on traffic demand (e.g., \cite{friesz1993variational}), through solving the following optimization problem \cite{leblanc1975efficient}:

  \begin{align}
    &\min_{\vec{x}} Z(\vec{x}) = \sum_a \int_0^{x_a} t_a(w)dw
   \end{align}
with the following constraint:
  \begin{align}
    &\sum_{k\in \psi_{rs}} f_k^{rs} = D_{rs},\forall\, r\in R,\forall\, s\in S\\
    &f_k^{rs} \geq 0,\forall\, k\in \psi_{rs} ,\forall\, r\in R,\forall\, s\in S\\
    &x_a = \sum_r \sum_s \sum_k f_k^{rs} \delta_{a,k}^{rs},\forall\, r\in R,\forall\, s\in S
   \end{align}

where $x_a$ is the traffic flow volume on road $a$; $\vec{x}$ is the set of the traffic flow volume on all roads on the network;  $t_a$ is the travel time on road $a$, which is a road traffic impendence function (i.e., a monotonous relationship between road traffic time and traffic amount); $D_{rs}$  is the traffic demand between origin node $r$ and destination node $s$; $f_k^{rs}$is the traffic flow volume of the $k^{\text{th}}$ route between $r$ and $s$;$\psi_{rs}$ is the set of all the routes between $r$ and $s$; $R$ and $S$ are the sets of all the origins and destinations in the traffic network, respectively; $\delta_{a,k}^{rs}$ is a Boolean function showing whether the $k^{\text{th}}$ route between $r$ and $s$ passes road $a$. The objective function defined by Eq.(1) minimizes the sum over all roads of the integral of the time cost of travel subjected to the flow conservation conditions (Eqs. 2 and 4), which requires that all the traffic demands are assigned within the traffic network. The constrain in Eq.(3) ensures that the traffic flow on each route is non-negative.

The UE model has also been widely used to reconstruct the traffic demand\cite{van1980most}. The basic idea of traffic reconstruction is that different traffic demands (represented by a OD matrix) correspond to different traffic flow simulation results in the UE model and by minimizing the difference between the simulated results and the observed traffic flow, the OD matrix with the maximum likelihood can be found. Thus, traffic reconstruction is usually raised as an inverse problem of traffic assignment. \cite{lam1990accuracy} solved this inverse problem of the static user equilibrium and carefully tested the accuracy of the reconstruction approach. \cite{dixon2002real} generalized this approach to dynamic conditions.

Although the above theory is straightforward, the OD reconstruction problem is usually difficult to solve due to the curse of dimensionality, the large conditional number when applying gradient-based-optimization methods to find the optimal OD and the undirected graph nature of the transportation network. However, these complexities can be reduced for the evacuation problem, where the OD matrix is reduced because evacuation is often directional (i.e., people head in the same direction) and only long-distance demand (e.g., people will not evacuate from Miami South to Miami North). We utilize these special properties to develop a new model for  reconstructing evacuation traffic demand and flow based on sparse transportation data, and we apply the model to the entire Florida during Hurricane Irma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first global scale reconstruction of hurricane evacuation data, although some work has been done at regional scales (e.g., for New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina of 2005 \cite{dixit2011validation}).

Our evacuation traffic reconstruction is based on two assumptions : 1) Wardrop Equilibrium: travelers will strive to find the shortest (least resistance) path from origin to destination, and network equilibrium occurs when no traveler can decrease the travel cost by shifting to a new route \cite{wardrop1952some}, which is widely used in traffic assignment and  2) evacuators arriving in any node on the traffic network held the same possibility to continue evacuating as the local people. The second assumption is needed as, based only on the traffic flow count one can not separate the incoming flow and local vehicles from the out going traffic flow. The reconstruction model is essentially tracing every single car in the network to approximate the real traffic .

In constructing the model, we define time analysis zones (TAZs) and merge all traffic nodes into their nearest TAZs. We consider 15 TAZs for Florida, as shown with red circles in Fig.\ref{fig:1}; these TAZs are defined to focus on population centers and also make sure between any two TAZs, there is at least one available traffic counter. For each time step in the simulation, the traffic flow into and out of each TAZ is recorded, the evacuation rate for each zone is estimated, and the updated population at each TAZ is calculated as the sum of the remaining local population and incoming evacuators. We use the main highway traffic data as a benchmark to adjust the simulated traffic amount on each highway, where the effect of traffic dynamics is neglected. In this case, the effect is negligible because the data comes every 3 hours, which is usually longer than the clearance time between two TAZs, consistent with the static equilibrium assumption of the UE model. For the limited cases where the clearance time is longer than 3 hours, the 3-hour time window is extended to ensure that the traffic time between the TAZs is lower than the clearance time.

Given the defined TAZs, the origin TAZs and destination TAZs (OD pairs) can be identified. The number of OD pairs is smaller in evacuation cases than normal traffic cases because, under evacuation, the mainstream traffic goes in one direction (e.g., northwards from south Florida during Hurricane Irma). Also, the OD pairs can be classified into two groups: ODs between nearby TAZs on the top layer main highway network ("nearby") and ODs between TAZs on the second layer highway network ("long distance"). For the defined TAZs in Florida, these OD pairs are:

 Nearby: $\circled{1}\rightarrow \circled{2},\circled{2}\rightarrow\circled{3},\circled{3}\rightarrow\circled{4},\circled{3}\rightarrow\circled{6},\circled{6}\rightarrow\circled{7},\circled{6}\rightarrow\circled{9},\circled{7}\rightarrow\circled{9},\circled{5}\rightarrow\circled{7},\circled{5}\rightarrow\circled{8},\circled{7}\rightarrow\circled{8},\circled{8}\rightarrow\circled{11},\circled{11}\rightarrow\circled{14},\circled{10}\rightarrow\circled{15},\circled{11}\rightarrow\circled{12},\circled{12}\rightarrow\circled{13}$

Long Distance:$\circled{3}\rightarrow\circled{5},\circled{3}\rightarrow\circled{7},\circled{7}\rightarrow\circled{11},\circled{7}\rightarrow\circled{10},\circled{7}\rightarrow\circled{14},\circled{7}\rightarrow\circled{15}$

To analyze the entire traffic flow, one needs to consider only the direct traffic demand between TAZs (i.e., for all the OD pairs listed above). The indirect demand is always a combination of direct nearby and long distance demands. For example, if a person goes from Miami \circled{3} to Gainesville \circled{8}, the traffic demand will be calculated indirectly as from $\circled{3}\rightarrow \circled{7} \rightarrow \circled{8}$ or  $\circled{3}\rightarrow \circled{4} \rightarrow\circled{5} \rightarrow \circled{8}$ or $\circled{3}\rightarrow \circled{6} \rightarrow\circled{7} \rightarrow \circled{8}$ instead of directly from $\circled{3}$ to $\circled{8}$, because there is no direct path from $\circled{3}$ to $\circled{8}$.

The reconstruction process follows three procedures at each time step: a) Nearby traffic analysis for the traffic flow between nearby TAZs b) Conflict analysis eliminates the traffic flow conflict when merging the nearby analysis results and c) Long distance analysis. At the end of every time step, the traffic demand happened in the last time step will be summed up and added to the population of their destination, which allows us to take into account the effect of large population evacuation (such as the $\sim$300,000 population transmission from Miami to Orlando) on the evacuation willing and pattern of local people. This method also helps to capture the global evacuation pattern more precisely.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{Picture2.pdf}
  \caption{Examples illustrating the three procedures of traffic reconstruction: a) to analyze the traffic between two nearby TAZs; b) to analyze the traffic conflict between three traffic zones; c) to add long distance traffic demand.}
  \label{fig:2}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection*{a) Nearby Traffic Analysis}
To adapt the UE model to reconstruct the hurricane evacuation traffic demand and flow between nearby TAZs, first, we need to express the traffic demand between traffic nodes in nearby TAZs as a function of travel time. The travel time between nearby TAZs can be calculated based on the Bureau of Public Roads \cite{manual1964bureau} congestion function:
  \begin{align}
    &t_a(x_a) = t_{a0} (1+\alpha (\frac{x_a}{c_a})^\beta)
   \end{align}

where $t_{a0}$  is the free flow travel time on road $a$. $x_a$ is the volume of traffic on road $a$ (number of vehicles per hour ; vph). $c_a$ is the capacity of road a (vph). $t_a(x_a)$ is the predicted travel time on road a. Government has several approaches to increase the effectiveness of highway usage\cite{theodoulou2004alternative}. In this paper, the highway capacities are chosen following highway capacity manual \cite{manual2000highway} and the road shoulder usage during the evacuation (after Sep.$8^{\text{th}}$) is also considered following the FDOT (2017) instruction.  The parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ in the BPR function have large uncertainties. Zhao and Kockelman \cite{zhao2002propagation}, based on empirical data, suggests to set  $\alpha = 0.85$ with a 90\% confidence region (0.15$\sim$4.0) and $\beta = 5.5 (1.4 \sim 11)$. In our analysis, making use of the traffic volume and traffic speed sensors data released for 8 outbound highways \cite{FDOT2017}, the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are fitted as 0.9 and 9.5 for a typical 6 lanes (3 lanes/ direction)/70 mph speed limit interstate highway (I-75 and I-95), which match with the parameters  suggested in the governmental manual \cite{horowitz1991delay}. Thus, we follow the manual, which recommends these parameters to be set as in Table 1.

\begin{figure}[!ht]

  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{1.pdf}\\

\end{figure}
The traffic demand is directional in evacuation. We assume the traffic demand between a traffic node in an origin TAZ and a traffic node in a destination TAZ to be:

  \begin{align}
    &D_{rs}(\tau) =
\begin{cases}
P^{OD}_r(\tau)H_r(\tau)\frac{H_s(0)}{\sum_{\mathcal{S}\in TAZ_D}H_\mathcal{S}(0)}& \text{If} r\in TAZ_O\, \&\, s\in TAZ_D\\
0& \text{If not}
\end{cases}   \end{align}

where $TAZ_O$  represents the set of nodes in the origin  TAZ,O  and $TAZ_D$the set of nodes in the destination TAZ ,D, respectively. $P^{OD}_i(\tau)$  (\%/hour)  is the evacuation rate for node $i$ at time $\tau$ given the destination TAZ, D. $H_i(\tau)$ is the total household number at node $i$ at time $\tau$ , which is estimated as the population at each node multiply by the vehicle ownership rate. We add half of estimated tourism population for Key West because the tourism there is comparable to the population there (two people share one rental car) \cite{Census2010}. Under this setting, the traffic flow between two nearby TAZs is calculated based on the evacuating car number and its destination distribution ($\frac{H_s(0)}{\sum_{\mathcal{S}\in TAZ_D}H_\mathcal{S}(0)}$) - which follows the tradition setting of gravity model: larger population, larger attraction \cite{erlander1990gravity}. Given the population, the evacuation rate essentially determines the traffic condition, and based on Eq.5, it is a monotonously increasing function of travel time. Thus, $P^{OD}_i(\tau)$ can be estimated through minimizing the travel time.

Second, we need to incorporate the available data of traffic flows on the main highways between nearby TAZs. Noticing that the main highways are the shortest distances between nearby TAZs in daily traffic, we use the traffic cost through the main highway between two centroid nodes ($r_O\in TAZ_O, s_D\in TAZ_D$) in the two analyzing TAZs as a benchmark for the traffic assignment (see the example in Fig. 2a).

Putting together, the evacuation reconstruction model can be expressed mathematically as:
  \begin{align}
&\min_{\vec{x},P^{OD}_r(\tau) \in [0,1]} Z(\vec{x}) = \sum_a \int_0^{x_a} t_a(w)dw
   \end{align}
with the following constraint:
  \begin{align}
&\sum_{k\in \psi_{rs}} f_k^{rs} = D_{rs} (P_r^{OD}(\tau)), \forall r\in R, \forall s \in S.\\
  &f_k^{rs} \geq 0,\forall\, k\in \psi_{rs} ,\forall\, r\in R,\forall\, s\in S\\
    &x_a = \sum_r \sum_s \sum_k f_k^{rs} \delta_{a,k}^{rs},\forall\, r\in R,\forall\, s\in S\\
 & \sum_{m \in \mathcal{H}} t_m(x_m) = \sum_{m \in \mathcal{H}} t_m(x_o^\tau)
   \end{align}

in which $\mathcal{H}$  is the set of the main highway sections, and $x_o^\tau$  is the observed traffic flow at time $\tau$  (assumed to be uniform along the main highway). The constrain in Eq.11 ensures that the simulated traffic time over the main highway between two TAZs approaches the estimated travel time based on observed traffic when minimizing the global travel time (Eq.7).

This evacuation reconstruction model is essentially an adjusted static UE model. The static UE assumption requires all the demands to be cleared in a given time period (otherwise dynamic UE is needed). So when the clearance time (main highway traffic time) for the system is over 3 hours (our data frequency), we extend the time window of UE symmetrically forward and backward to match the clearance time and use the traffic simulation results under the extended window to estimate the traffic demand for the original time window. The reconstruction analysis can be performed using python 2.7 for data processing and open source QGIS package AequilibraE for network equilibrium calculation \cite{camargo2015aequilibrae}.

\subsubsection*{b) Conflict Analysis}
In Part a), we reconstruct the traffic between every nearby TAZ pair. We can then merge the traffic demand on each road by linear combination. However, there is a substantial probability that the traffic flows simulated in part a) will conflict with each other. As shown in Fig 2b), the households go out from Port St Lucie $\circled{6}$ to Orlando $\circled{7}$ will conflict with households from Tampa $\circled{5}$ to Orlando $\circled{7}$ by choosing the green route, which increases the estimated traffic time in the green route, invaliding the static equilibrium established in part a). So some traffic demand should be reduced to relief this kind of conflict. Here we apply a random selection method to eliminate the excess traffic demand. For those conflicted road sections, we calculate the OD distribution of the cars on that road and also the route choice distribution following Feng et al \cite{Feng2018Post}. The probability of an individual car on road a having a specific OD, r-s, is estimated as:
  \begin{align}
	&\Pi_{a,rs} = \frac{\sum_{k\in\psi_{rs}}f^{rs}_k \delta^{rs}_{a,k}}{x_a}
   \end{align}
The probability of an individual car with an assigned OD, r-s, having a specific route, rt, is estimated as:
  \begin{align}
	&\pi_{a,rt}^{rs} = \frac{f^{rs}_{rt} \delta^{rs}_{a,rt}}{\sum_{k\in\psi_{rs}} f_k^{rs}\delta^{rs}_{a,k}}
   \end{align}

Then, for every conflicted road section, we randomly select a car on the section and assign it an O-D pair and a route based on Eqs. 12 and 13, and we calculate the travel time of the car by taking that route. If the travel time is longer than the main highway traffic, we remove the car from the demand matrix $D_{rs}$ and the route-based traffic flow $f_{rt}^{rs}$. Next, we recalculate the time cost of the route. Then we randomly select another road section from the conflicting route and repeat the analysis until there is no conflict (i.e., getting back to static equilibrium). This method is usually used directly in traffic assignment as stochastic shortest path assignment \cite{daganzo1977stochastic} and now we use that inversely to eliminate the conflict. This method considers both the population of the origin and the possibility for a person from a given origin to take a specific route, so it is fair for the whole system and can reach equilibrium approximately. Once the iteration is finished, we can recalculate the $P_r^{OD}(\tau)$  for every OD pairs to obtain the adjusted evacuation rate.

\subsubsection*{c) Long-Distance Traffic Compensation}
An example of long-distance evacuation is shown in Fig. 2c. People may rather directly go to Orlando from Miami using the lower green line than go through Port St. Lucie by the main highway. This long-distance traffic demand is not considered in the nearby evacuation analysis discussed in Parts a and b above. Here we apply a simple compensation method to incorporate this long-distance traffic demand into the data reconstruction process. We gradually add traffic demand onto the long-distance direct route until the travel time for the long distance evacuation is no longer shorter than that for the indirect routes. Then we assign the direct long-distance traffic demand into the road network and apply the random selection method in Part b) again to eliminate possibly induced route conflict. After this step, we count all the traffic flow heading out of each TAZ and recalculate the adjusted evacuation rate $P_r^{OD}(\tau)$.

		In reality, when the distant traffic demand is much lower than the nearby traffic demand, the direct long-distance evacuation may take a shorter travel time than the indirect nearby evacuation through main highways, which conflicts our assumption that the travel times are equal. Thus, the simple compensation method assuming equilibrium cannot guarantee an unbiased estimation for long distance traffic demand. Nevertheless, news reports for Hurricane Irma \cite{Osowski2017,Yanofsky2017} show that the long-distance traffic demand was comparable to the nearby traffic demand.

\subsection{Results and Validation}
Applying the analysis discussed above, we obtain the evacuation traffic amount for all the defined TAZs and also the traffic volume time series for all highway road sections for Florida during Hurricane Irma. Here we show the results for Key West and Miami, two most focused areas (Fig.~\ref{fig:3}).
\begin{figure}[!ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{3.pdf}
  \caption{The evacuation traffic (vph; middle panels) and rate (\%/h; right panels) reconstructed for Key West  and Miami. The observed traffic on the main highway is shown in orange in the middle panels and also in the left panels.}
  \label{fig:3}
\end{figure}

The estimated total evacuation demand for Key West is almost the same as the observed traffic on the main highway, which is reasonable because there is only one highway from Key West Region \circled{1} to Key Largo and Homestead \circled{2} and it always takes less than 3 hours. This consistency indicates that our reconstruction model is accurate. The estimated evacuation rate changes over time for Key West and holds apparent peak. The evacuation order is released in the afternoon of Sep.$5^{\text{th}}$ and the evacuation rate keeps steady over time (with fluctuations due to day-night differences) until Sep.$9^{\text{th}}$, 12 hours before the landfall of the hurricane. The estimated total evacuation rate of Key West Region is as high as 90.5\%, indicating the significant impact of the responsible warnings released by local police officers. This large evacuation number matches with the information obtained by the authors during an impact survey for Key West soon after Hurricane Irma \cite{xian2018}. Also, according to news reports, Irma's evacuation is considered ``the largest and possibly the most successful mass evacuations in state history''\cite{Hughe2018}. The result of evacuation for the Florida Keys under Irma differs significantly from the last massive hurricane evacuation in Florida, caused by Hurricane Wilma (2005). At that time, a mandatory evacuation of residents was ordered for the Florida Keys in Monroe County. However, media reports pointed out that as many as 80\% of the residents may have ignored the evacuation order. The improved massive evacuation in Irma may be attributed to the effort of the government and media, the shocking outcome of Hurricane Harvey in Texas 7 days ago, and improved hurricane awareness of Floridians.

The calculated evacuation demand of Miami changes dramatically between 4 $\sim$ 7 times of the main highway traffic. This large difference is due to the extending-in-all-directions traffic network in Miami and also the multiple destinations such as Tampa and Orlando. The evacuation rate of Miami was much lower than the evacuation rate of Key West, as the risk for Miami was much lower than for Key West, which was supposed to face a direct landfall. And plenty of airlines and shelters in Miami also helped local people to leave through other means than evacuation on the traffic network. The low gasoline availability (40\% shortage reported) during that period may have restrained the exodus willing for Miami people on Sep.$8^{\text{th}}$ \cite{Egan2018}. The peak traffic happened at noon of Sep.$7^{\text{th}}$, although the evacuation order was released at noon on Sep.$6^{\text{th}}$. This delay in the traffic peak reflects the fact that people often need 6 to 12 hours for preparation and tend to avoid evacuation at night \cite{lindell2005household}. In total, $\sim$1,870,000 cars evacuated out of Miami and supposing there are 4,000,000 cars in the Miami region based on the census data, about 46\% of Miami people went on evacuation.

The reconstructed traffic data can also be used for estimating the fatality rate. Irma caused 10 direct deaths and an additional 82 indirect deaths as a result of its strong winds, heavy rains, and high surf across the southeastern United States\cite{knabb2005tropical}. As reported, Hurricane Irma led to 14 victims (15\% of total) in Key West. Considering that only about 2000 households remain without evacuation, the fatality rate for people left in the Florida Keys is as high as about 0.7\%. In Miami-Dade County, no fatality is reported. The quantification of hurricane fatality risk can support fatality-control based evacuation policy design.

It is difficult to directly and fully validate our model because there is no observation other than the traffic flow on the main highways. Also, we can not do cross-validation by taking out some observed traffic data from our training set, because all the (quite limited) main highway data are necessary benchmarks for reconstruction. However, we can partially validate the model based on Twitter records, where some evacuators reported their origin, destination, and time cost. For example, one person reported that he went from Miami \circled{3} to Gainesville \circled{11} for 14 hours on Sep.$7^{\text{th}}$. Our model estimates that, if they left Miami between morning and noon on Sep.$7^{\text{th}}$, it would take them 12$\sim$14 hours to reach Gainesville. Another person at Tampa twitted that it took her 5 hours in the afternoon of Sep.$8^{\text{th}}$ to travel the distance that usually takes her 2 hours; our model estimates that the time cost for a normal 2-hour trip is between 4$\sim$10 hours on Sep.$8^{\text{th}}$ depends on which direction she was heading. The Twitter data, however, are highly unstructured because everyone report their traffic time in different formats. We have about 30 records to validate our model. In the interests of privacy, we will not show all the data here.

\section{conclusion}
In this paper we developed an evacuation traffic reconstruction model based on the static UE assumption. We apply the model to estimate the temporal changing pattern of all road ways (speed limit $\geq$ 35 mph) in Florida during Hurricane Irma based on available main highway traffic data. The global reconstructed traffic pattern is validated with news reports and Twitter records.
Traffic records of two main evacuating cities - Florida Keys and Miami - are analyzed. This largest evacuation in the US history may have led $\sim$46\% Miami people and $\sim$90\% Keys people to evacuate. The total traffic amount was estimated to be much higher (4$\sim$7 times) than the traffic observed on the main highway for Miami.
The reconstructed traffic dataset can be used to study evacuation decision making, travel behavior and quantify fatality rate, improve evacuation orders and governmental risk management.

\section{Acknowledgements}
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (grant 1652448). We also thank the Florida Department of Transportation for providing the evacuation data during Hurricane Irma.

\section{Author contribution}
K.F. and N.L. conceived of the presented idea and wrote the manuscript. K.F. developed the methodology and performed the computations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Peruvian army takes control of Chuspi, a small village isolated in the Andes, by the revolutionary group "Sendero Luminoso"--The Shining Path. Vitin Luna and the other young soldiers must face an invisible, perhaps superior, force. Their unit is commanded by a brutal lieutenant who declares the entire village guilty of treason. In the face of this crisis, Vitin must choose between blind obedience and his own conscience. 1990, 111 minutes, MPAA rating: NR (would be rated R if it were rated).