text:
Challenger Refreshed: 2015 Dodge Challenger SXT Plus
3 more dead as Albany County sets record for hospitalizations from...
Coronavirus live updates: 3 more dead of coronavirus in Albany County
Story and photos by Dan Lyons, special to the Times Union
Nov. 7, 2014 Updated: Nov. 7, 2014 3:34 p.m.
1of42015 Dodge Challenger SXT Plus (photo © Dan Lyons) Show MoreShow Less
As I've said before, the Capital district can be cruel, weather-wise. One minute you're in shorts, on the deck, grilling burgers. The next thing you know, you're shin deep in a slush puddle — wearing ankle-high shoes.
That's why we squeeze every last drop out of the fair weather seasons before hunkering down for winter.
For many like me, that means driving cars that aren't ideally suited to winter, because they're just plain more fun. Pony cars fit this description, which is why rear drive, two-doors like Mustang, Camaro and Challenger were popular with drivers back in 1970, and still roll out of showrooms 45 years later.
This week's test drive is the Dodge Challenger. Challenger's 2015 lineup stretches seven models wide. SXT, SXT Plus, R/T, R/T Plus, R/T Scat Pack, SRT 392 and SRT Hellcat. Prices range from $26,995- $59,595. Earlier this year, we featured the hot rod headliner of the Challenger crew — the 707 h.p. SRT Hellcat.
This week, we drive the main street mainstay — the Challenger SXT.
Reintroduced in 2009, Challenger's styling leaned heavily on the first generation model (ca. 1970) for inspiration. With 2015 comes the car's first styling refresh, and Challenger again hits the sweet spot between retro and modern.
Some design elements (such as the split front grille and power bulge hood) for 2015 draw on Challenger, circa 1971. Others are new tech, like the LED brows that rim the headlights, and Chrysler's "racetrack" lighting, surrounding the retro shaped tail lamps. A fistful of optional wheels allow buyers to customize their car.
The 2009 edition of Challenger made its debut with a functional, but tame looking interior. The off-the-rack look has been replaced by a much improved cabin with far more character. The 1971 inspired features (like the high-sill center console) accent the upgraded dash and upholstery materials. Aluminum stamped bezels section off the dashboard, and controls/gauges are canted towards the driver. Nestled in the dash display is a customizable, 7-inch TFT information screen.
Controls for audio and HVAC functions are split between center stack knobs and the available, 8.4-inch Uconnect touchscreen. A new media hub is located in the center console, and includes an SD card slot, USB outlet and auxiliary input jack. Seats have been recontoured and are available in cloth, leatherleather or leather/suede. Overall, 14 interior color/trim selections cover the gamut from retro to performance. Like its most direct rivals (Mustang, Camaro), tall front passengers reduce rear seat legroom to the point that only small kids can fit in back, or the space can be used as a padded parcel tray. Trunk space measures 16.2 cubic feet. That's usably large, though liftover height is moderately high. Folding rear seatbacks allow for carrying longer items.
Engine choices now number four: a 3.6-liter V-6 (305 h.p./268 lb. ft. of torque), 5.7 liter Hemi V-8 (375/410), 6.4-liter Hemi V-8 (485/475), and a supercharged, 6.2-liter Hemi V-8 (707/650). We experienced the top rung of that engine ladder in our review of the SRT Hellcat (TU 7/25/14). Potent it is, but for reasons of cost, fuel economy, etc., the other, available engines are more practical for most drivers. Dodge says that about half of all Challengers have been packing the V-6 under the hood, and this week, our test car this did as well. The 3.6 liter Pentastar V-6 standard on SXT and SXT Plus models was introduced in Challenger in 2011, and carries over for 2015.
The engine produces 305 h.p. @ 6,350 rpm and 268 lb. ft. @ 4,800 rpm. The news for this year is that the 3.6L is now combined with Chrysler's ZF 8-speed automatic transmission. The eight gear auto replaces the former 5-speed, and it's a noticeable upgrade in both performance and fuel economy. The powertrain is about a second quicker from 0-60 (now low six second range). It also gains in mpg's (19 city/30 highway for 2015, compared with last year's 18/27). My overall test drive average was 23 mpg's. The six/eight combination is/feels quicker because of the transmission. Simply put, the gearing matches the power band, so it's both faster and more fuel frugal.
Really, the only rap I could make on the engine is the exhaust note. A V-6 (anybody's V-6) simply doesn't make the same great rumbly tone as a V-8. If that matters to you, you need to weigh that tonal loss against the added cost of the bigger motor.
The combination of a thick c-pillar and fat headrests makes for big rear blind spots. The technological workaround is Blind Spot and Rear Cross Path Detection. Available as part of the Driver Convenience Group (along with HID headlights and remote start for $795), I would consider this a must option.
Challenger, even with the lighter V-6, is still a big car, weighing in at 3,834 lb. Handling with the stock, sport suspension setup is fine in general use, with a smooth ride quality. Most drivers will never need more than this.
However, if you want something seriously sporty, Dodge now offers its Super Track Pack option on its V-6 cars as well. The package buys you a set of black 20-inch rims, shod with three-season, Goodyear performance tires, performance pages for the dash screen, beefed up brakes, steering and suspension, for $1,600.
With its 2015 refresh, Challenger combines a classic, retro vibe, with as much modern technology as the buyer chooses. Particularly with the improved, standard, 8-speed automatic and noticeably upgraded interior, the SXT Plus is a nice combination of looks and drivability, with respectable economy.


The Kabane platform bed with matching headboard is the ideal start point for any kids bedroom. It's neutral maple finish makes for a beautiful boy or girl's bedroom. The beds unique design gives the impression the it floats above the ground, giving the entire room an airy feel. This bed also features a unique metal and hardwood slat construction allowing for easy assembly, sturdy construction and easier handling.
The Opaci-T platform bed with matching headboard is the ideal start point for any bedroom. It's rustic-chic ebony finish makes for a trendy and timeless bedroom. The platform beds unique design gives the impression the bed floats above the ground, giving the entire room an airy feel. This bed also features a unique metal and hardwood slat construction allowing for easy assembly, sturdy construction and easier handling.
Queen Platform Bed, Grey Awake or asleep, you love to enjoy the finer things in life. This panel-style bed frame is wrapped in light grey linen that features a lightly tufted design. It has a modern shape is clean and refined, and combines comfort and style effortlessly. Low, splayed legs raise the platform slightly while allowing the contemporary appeal to shine through. A full slat system provides the support needed for your mattress, which means you can finally say goodbye to that old box spring.


text:
CensusArchitectsArtistsAstronomersCartographersClergyCommerceComposersEducatorsExplorersGovernanceInventorsLegalMilitaryNavalPerformersPhysiciansPiratesScientistsSculptorsWriters
Humans have gazed at the night sky for thousands of years, and found it pretty interesting. They learned that you could navigate using the celestial map and, over time, also learned that certain events could be predicted. These learned people were quite prized by their brethren, and their endeavors helped advance our understanding of the world.
AllABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Nationality
AllAustriaBelgiumChinaCroatiaDenmarkEnglandFranceGermanyHungaryIndiaIrelandItalyJapanNetherlandsNorwayOttoman EmpirePolandRussiaScotlandSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUnited States Active
All1500s1600s1700s1800s Sort
Jacques d'Allonville
aka: Chevalier de Louville
1671, Jul 14 1692-1728 1732, Sep 10
an astronomer and mathematician. He concluded in his measurements taken during his stay in Marseille that the tilt on the axis of earth was not constant all the time.
Heinrich d'Arrest
aka: Heinrich Ludwig d'Arrest
1822, Aug 13 1846-1864 1875, Jun 14
a German astronomer, born in Berlin, involved in the search for Neptune, discovered a comet, and studied asteroids and nebulae. In 1864 D'Arrest made an unsuccessful search for Martian satellites, and posited an upper limit of 70 minutes of arc as the distance from Mars within which a moon should be sought.
Timeline (1) Links (1)
Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix
1718, Nov 23 1802, Jan 18
a French astronomer. He has usually been credited with the discovery of the Ring Nebula in 1779, but in fact he independently rediscovered it upon reading a report of Charles Messier regarding Messier's own observations of Comet Bode. His description that the ...
a French astronomer. He has usually been credited with the discovery of the Ring Nebula in 1779, but in fact he independently rediscovered it upon reading a report of Charles Messier regarding Messier's own observations of Comet Bode. His description that the object was "...as large as Jupiter and resembles a planet which is fading" led to the terminology "planetary nebula".
William Rutter Dawes
1799, Mar 19 1849-1864 1868, Feb 15
an English astronomer who made extensive measurements of double stars as well as observations of planets. He made extensive drawings of Mars during its 1864 opposition. In 1867, Richard Anthony Proctor made a map of Mars based on these drawings.
Annibale de Gasparis
1819, Nov 9 1849-1889 1892, Mar 21
an Italian astronomer who discovered nine asteroids. He won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1851. Awarded the Lalande Prize in 1851 and 1852. From 1864 to 1889 he was the director of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte in Naples.
Cross-listed in Writers
John Dee
1527, Jul 13 1609 ca
an English mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, occult philosopher, imperialist, and adviser to Queen Elizabeth I. He devoted much of his life to the study of alchemy, divination, and Hermetic philosophy. One of the most learned men of his age, he had been invited to lecture on the geometry of Euclid at the University of Paris while still in his early twen...
an English mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, occult philosopher, imperialist, and adviser to Queen Elizabeth I. He devoted much of his life to the study of alchemy, divination, and Hermetic philosophy. One of the most learned men of his age, he had been invited to lecture on the geometry of Euclid at the University of Paris while still in his early twenties. His 1576 General and rare memorials pertayning to the Perfect Arte of Navigation, was the first volume in an unfinished series planned to advocate the rise of imperial expansion. He has often been associated with the Voynich manuscript.
Cross-listed in Artists • Architects
Deodat del Monte
aka: van der Mont, Deodatus Delmont
1582, Sep 1644, Nov 24
a Flemish Baroque painter, architect, engineer, astronomer, and art dealer who was part of the inner circle of Peter Paul Rubens. It is believed that he became a pupil of Rubens between 1598 (the year in which Rubens became a master) and 1600. He possibly studied under another master before becoming Rubens' pupil. He also worked as an architect and militar...
a Flemish Baroque painter, architect, engineer, astronomer, and art dealer who was part of the inner circle of Peter Paul Rubens. It is believed that he became a pupil of Rubens between 1598 (the year in which Rubens became a master) and 1600. He possibly studied under another master before becoming Rubens' pupil. He also worked as an architect and military engineer for King Philip III of Spain.
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
1749, Sep 19 1788-1822 1822, Aug 19
a French mathematician and astronomer. He was also director of the Paris Observatory, and author of well-known books on the history of astronomy from ancient times to the 18th century.
Charles-Eugene Delaunay
aka: Charles-Eugène
1816, Apr 9 1855-1872 1872, Aug 5
a French astronomer and mathematician. His lunar motion studies were important in advancing both the theory of planetary motion and mathematics. His infinite series expression for finding the position of the Moon converged too slowly to be of practical use but was a catalyst in the development of functional analysis and computer algebra.
Cross-listed in Cartographers
Joseph-Nicolas Delisle
1688, Apr 4 1712-1763 1768, Sep 11
a French astronomer and cartographer. From 1719 to 1722 he was employed at the Royal observatory, before returning to his observatory at the Luxembourg Palace. In 1725 when he was called by the Russian czar Peter the Great to Saint Petersburg to create and ...
a French astronomer and cartographer. From 1719 to 1722 he was employed at the Royal observatory, before returning to his observatory at the Luxembourg Palace. In 1725 when he was called by the Russian czar Peter the Great to Saint Petersburg to create and run the school of astronomy.
Thomas Digges
1546 ca 1572-1594 1595, Aug 24
an English mathematician and astronomer. He was the first to expound the Copernican system in English but discarded the notion of a fixed shell of immoveable stars to postulate infinitely many stars at varying distances; he was also first to postulate the "dark night sky paradox".
Jeremiah Dixon
1733, Jul 27 1779, Jan 22
an English surveyor and astronomer who is best known for his work with Charles Mason, from 1763 to 1767, in determining what was later called the Mason–Dixon line. Jeremiah Dixon served as assistant to Charles Mason in 1761 when the Royal Society selected Mason to observe the transit of Venus from Sumatra. However, their passage to Sumatra was delayed, and...
an English surveyor and astronomer who is best known for his work with Charles Mason, from 1763 to 1767, in determining what was later called the Mason–Dixon line. Jeremiah Dixon served as assistant to Charles Mason in 1761 when the Royal Society selected Mason to observe the transit of Venus from Sumatra. However, their passage to Sumatra was delayed, and they landed instead at the Cape of Good Hope where the transit was observed on 6 June 1761. Dixon returned to the Cape once again with Nevil Maskelyne's clock to work on experiments with gravity.
Giovanni Battista Donati
1826, Dec 16 1852-1873 1873, Sep 20
an Italian astronomer on the staff of the Observatory of Florence (later its director) and pioneered spectroscopy of comets to determine their physical composition.
James Dunlop
1793, Oct 31 1810-1847 1848, Sep 22
a Scottish astronomer, noted for his work in Australia. He served as astronomer's assistant at a private observatory Dunlop was mostly a visual observer, doing stellar astrometry work, then independently discovered and catalogued many new telescopic southern double stars and deep-sky objects. He later became the Superintendent of Paramatta Observatory when i...
a Scottish astronomer, noted for his work in Australia. He served as astronomer's assistant at a private observatory Dunlop was mostly a visual observer, doing stellar astrometry work, then independently discovered and catalogued many new telescopic southern double stars and deep-sky objects. He later became the Superintendent of Paramatta Observatory when it was finally sold to the New South Wales Government.
Jump: D' Da De Di Do Du
ref:T5-S50-P1105-C-M

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
English Kettle
This blog is a collection of materials for ESL learners and teachers: songs and videos, anniversaries and
interactive tasks, quizes, projects and fun activities.
From Social Media
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Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Mendeleev published his periodic table in 1869. Mendeleev's table, dated March 1 1869, was his first published version. He constructed his tables by listing the elements in rows or columns in order of atomic weight and starting a new row or column when the characteristics of the elements began to repeat.
JOHN TRAVOLTA'S 65TH BIRTHDAY
John Joseph Travolta (born February 18, 1954) is an American actor, film producer, dancer, and singer. Travolta first became known in the 1970s, appearing on the television series Welcome Back, Kotter (1975–1979) and starring in the box office successes Saturday Night Fever (1977) and Grease (1978). His acting career declined through the 1980s, but enjoyed a resurgence in the 1990s […]
THE BITCOIN CRYPTOCURRENCY NETWORK CREATED 10 YEARS AGO
A CHRITSTMAS CAROL FIRST PUBLISHED 175 YEARS AGO
A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, commonly known as A Christmas Carol, is a novella by Charles Dickens, first published in London by Chapman & Hall in 1843 and illustrated by John Leech. A Christmas Carol recounts the story of Ebenezer Scrooge, an elderly miser who is visited by the ghost of his former business […]
BRAD PITT'S 55TH BIRTHDAY
An actor and producer known as much for his versatility as he is for his handsome face, Golden Globe-winner Brad Pitt's most widely recognized role may be Tyler Durden in Fight Club (1999).
CHARLES'S, PRINCE OF WALES, 70TH BIRTHDAY
Charles, prince of Wales, in full Charles Philip Arthur George, prince of Wales and earl of Chester, duke of Cornwall, duke of Rothesay, earl of Carrick and Baron Renfrew, Lord of the Isles, and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland, (born November 14, 1948, Buckingham Palace, London, England), heir apparent to the British throne, eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II […]
WORLD WAR I ENDED 100 YEARS AGO
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was the armistice that ended fighting on land, sea and air in World War I between the Allies and their opponent, Germany.
CAPTAIN JAMES COOK'S 290 ANNIVERSARY
James Cook was born on 27 October 1728 in a small village near Middlesbrough in Yorkshire. His father was a farm worker. At the age of 17, Cook moved to the coast, settling in Whitby and finding work with a coal merchant. In 1755, Cook enlisted in the Royal Navy, serving in North America where he learnt to survey and […]
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A smiley (sometimes called a happy face or smiley face) is a stylized representation of a smiling humanoid face that is a part of popular culture worldwide. The classic form designed by Harvey Ball in 1963 comprises a yellow circle with two black dots representing eyes and a black arc representing the mouth ()
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Thomas Elliott, beloved husband of Patricia Elliott of Calgary, AB passed away on December 4, 2018 at the age of 85 years.
Thomas was a faith based, hardworking, dedicated family man who had a passion for music. He enjoyed collecting and listening to vinyl records, had learned to play the violin at a young age and over time taught himself how to play the guitar, banjo, organ and harmonica. With a green thumb for vegetable and flower gardening he placed food on the table and surrounded the family home with beauty. A salesman through and through, he would easily strike up a conversation with anyone, endearing himself to his customers and in later years his caregivers. He started out delivering ice, milk and bread with a horse and wagon then moved onto coffee truck services and managing vending services, concluding his career with territorial confectionery sales until retirement.
Besides his loving wife, Thomas is survived by his children Barbara Barclay, Donna Rohl, Michael Elliott (Char), Patrick Elliott (Mary), Daniel Elliott (Lori), Leah Robbins (Chric); his grandchildren Crystal, Amanda, Casey, Allan, Melissa, Anita, Kira, Kimberly, Katrina, Hannah, Heather; fourteen great-grandchildren, his sister Pat Brown (Bill), as well as numerous extended family members.
He was predeceased by his son David Elliott, grandson David Johnson and his sister Emily Robbins (Fred) and son-in-law Ron Barclay.
Honoring Thomas' wishes a private cremation will take place on December 8th, 2018.
In living memory of Thomas Elliott, a tree will be planted at Fish Creek Provincial Park by McINNIS & HOLLOWAY FUNERAL HOMES, Fish Creek, 14441 Bannister Road S.E., Calgary, AB, T2X 3J3, Telephone: 403-256-9575.
Our deepest sympathies & condolences for the family. May they find peace along the road as they cope with Tom's passing.
Condolences to the family. Remember the good times.
Sorry to learn of Tom's passing. Uncle Tom was such a kind , good-natured gentleman. My sympathies to Aunt Pat and family.
Thinking about my sister's and brother and of course Mom. Their unending dedication and ongoing support and hard work in caring for Dad over the last several years speaks for itself. Few people are surrounded in life by that kind of love. May you all rest a little easier. Love and prayers.
Not a lot of time spent with you dad but the times I had were great. Loved the stories, jokes and pictures you drew. I will miss this but will always remember them. You are at peace now and your in my heart and Patrick's. Will miss you deeply.
Another Angel has been given wings and he will play his music at the gates of heaven.
Cherish and hold onto the memories you created together as they will give you peace and comfort.
My deepest condolence in your loss.
Our condolences on the passing of Mr. Elliott. Many happy hours were spent in the back yard of the Elliott houshold in London, Ontario during my pre-teen years. I remember Mr. Elliott's coffee truck, quiet sense of humour and his obvious love for his family. Rest well Mr. Elliott.


Doors and windows are corresponding elements of a home's interior and exterior design. If you're looking for assistance in deciding what door to match with your Long Island windows, here are some ideas to kickstart your search.
A French door is more of a door sized window than it is a door, allowing in vast amounts of natural light, maintaining flow between spaces and allowing for a relatively unobstructed view. As well as being used as an exterior door, French doors can also be used to separate interior spaces. While this style may not be ideal for use as a front door for homeowners who enjoy their privacy, French doors are perfect for opening out onto a private balcony or backyard patio. The vast style of available frames means that it can be matched to almost any window style, but typically a French door contributes to a traditional, beach house or country club aesthetic.
Like French doors, sliding doors are perfect for capitalizing on a sweeping view or maintaining an open, free-flowing indoor atmosphere. The advantage of sliding doors over French doors is the control they allow over the amount of ventilation they allow while removing the risk of slamming. A number of different materials can be used in the construction of sliding doors, allowing for a wide range of matching styles. Typically, a sliding door with a thin frame and uninterrupted glass surface makes for the perfect complement to any modern window style or contemporary home.
Because slab doors present a smooth, non-paneled surface, the emphasis fall on the richness of texture and grain of the wood used in its construction. This aesthetic of bold simplicity makes them the perfect match for contemporary, modern and industrial themed homes. However, a slab door can also make a bold statement as a front door or interior door placed in the context of a more traditional theme. Hardwood doors go well with any windows that make use of similar color or material, as well as modern windows with high glass to frame ratios.
Consisting of a number of panels of various thickness or carved panel designs, panel doors typically suit a traditional or formal architectural theme. The shape and layout of the panels often dictates which windows panel doors can be matched to. Sidelights are a fantastic feature to accompany panel doors, allowing light in around the solid structure and visually extending the doorway. Alternatively, window panes can be included as panels set into the door to allow for additional lighting.
With an upper section that opens independently, a Dutch door allows thorough ventilation of a home while contributing a definite country charm. Dutch doors are also known as stable doors because of their use in stables to keep horses contained while allowing the horse's head to peer over the bottom half of the door for feeding and petting. You need not own a horse to make use of a Dutch door, however. This style is excellent for owners of all pets, allowing the cat access to the home, temporarily keeping out the dog and maintaining the flow of fresh air through your home all the while. The aesthetics of a stable door are a perfect match for traditional windows, stained wooden framed windows and any other country, rustic or old world style frames.


text:
Title: Armenia
Template: case
Slug: case-studies/armenia
PDF: /files/pdfs/Case%20study%20-%20Armenia.pdf

Armenia illustrates the progress that can be made by generating reputational
concerns using public ratings. Since 2001, the Armenian government has made
substantial improvement on an extensive trafficking problem. The government was
highly motivated to improve its Tier ranking, comparing itself with other
countries. As seen in Figure 2 Armenia started out as a Tier-3 country in 2002.
In the early years, officials tended to view human trafficking as a problem for
donors to solve, and the US pushed hard for the country to take ownership of
the problem. Legislation was passed in 2006, but not until 2009 did the
government start to take responsibility for the issue and give it higher
priority. Through close collaboration with the embassy, by 2013 it reached Tier
1, where it has remained since. The embassy also worked with the IOM, OSCE, and
NGOs and cultivated a set of "reliable anti-TIP interlocutors" in the
government.[^35] The willingness in 2009 of a new deputy prime minister who had
a good working relationship with the US embassy, Armen Gevorkian, to invest
himself in all aspects of the issue further facilitated cooperation.[^36] In
addition, the US took part in many practical assistance programs to fight TIP.

*The case demonstrates progress that was driven by the concern for the Tier
ranking, which opened up opportunities for close diplomatic engagement. This
underscores the basic argument about reputational concerns. It also shows the
value of good working relationships and of indirect augmentation of the
scorecard pressure through collaboration with civil society and IGOs. Finally,
it illustrates how the information gathering that the TIP Report brings can
focus attention and contribute to changes in domestic practices.*

## Background

With its central location to Eastern Europe, Asia and the Middle East, Armenia
is a source and, to a lesser extent, destination country for men, women, and
children subjected to sex and labor trafficking. Women and children are
increasingly subjected to sex and labor trafficking and forced begging within
Armenia. Armenian victims sometimes end up trafficked to the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) and Turkey, whereas Chinese women sometimes are trafficked into
Armenia. Children often work, making them vulnerable to trafficking. As Figure
2 shows, the country has experienced every rating on the tier scale,
consistently graduating from bottom to top with the policy index also
indicating accompanying success. The gains have been particularly pronounced
during the regime of President Serzh Sargsyan.

![Armenia's TIP ranking and policy during governments, 2002–2014](/files/images/timeline_ARM.png){.img-fluid}

Figure 2: Armenia's TIP ranking and policy during governments, 2002–2014

Statistic                             | Value
------------------------------------- | --------------------
Average GDP per capita                | $2,795.46
Total aid                             | $7,017.22 million
Aid from US                           | $1,378.93 million
Average total aid as percent of GDP   | 6.61%
Total TIP grants                      | $1,728,605

Table 2: Key Armenian statistics, averaged 2001–2013

## Direct diplomacy

Scorecard diplomacy on trafficking was a high priority for the US embassy, and
meetings were frequent and at a high level and the embassy worked to build
strong interlocutors. Meetings included the deputy prime minister and minister
of territorial administration, the deputy foreign minister, members of
parliament, the deputy defense minister, a presidential national security
adviser and on several occasions the cables not that the issue rose to the
level of the president. The documentation through the cables available begins
in 2002 and is most intensive in the years 2002-2006. The cables that discuss
TIP constitute 5 percent of the overall available cables, suggesting that TIP
was a highly discussed topic in general. In the early years, the US pushed
domestic officials to take ownership of the trafficking issue. The TIP report
and local embassy pressured the government to address official complicity in
trafficking and to increase prosecutions. Initially some officials were in
denial. Lack of official recognition of the problem within many sectors of the
government, however, contributed to the overall lack of progress. In 2005 the
Minister of Justice declared that "trafficking does not exist as a phenomenon
in Armenia."[^37] Scorecard diplomacy also focused on reorganizing the domestic
administration and oversight of TIP policy, increasing inter-agency anti-TIP
cooperation, and ensuring that the TIP commission had clout and was staffed
well. The embassy also offered input into the content of anti-trafficking law
and pushed for stricter penalties and full criminalization. Scorecard diplomacy
also included legislative assistance offered through the OSCE and a resident
legal advisor, as well as grants to support the strengthening of law
enforcement and victim referral.

## Indirect pressure

Multiple international organizations and actors were at work in Armenia. The US
cooperated extensively with and funded the IOM and the OSCE efforts. They
praised the work of the OSCE, which with US support helped organize an
exhibition in Yerevan to raise awareness about TIP.[^38] The US also funded a
survey on TIP that the IOM initiated and carried out, an IOM program for a
hotline to assist victims, another program to provide safe havens, and yet
another for writing a manual for the diplomatic core offering guidelines for
interviewing and repatriating TIP victims.[^39] As noted, the US also funded
the OSCE legislative assistance efforts to advise on the substance of
legislative reforms. It has also interacted frequently with the NGO community,
which has been aggressive in fighting TIP and skeptical of the government
efforts, using NGOs as a source of information on TIP and funding
research.[^40] The Armenian government, knowing this, sought to sometimes
pressure and at other times work with the NGOs, who had to walk a fine line
between influencing and being pressured. As the government became more
accepting of the TIP problem, collaboration with NGOs became more
constructive.[^41]

The media also enhanced scorecard diplomacy in Armenia by covering the report
and being specific about its criticisms,[^42] although at times the government
has also used the media to criticize the report's integrity.

## Concerns

The government was candid that it was motivated to improve its Tier rating. For
example, after the 2004 report came out, the head of the Armenian government's
Migration and Refugees Department told local media that Armenia's Tier 3 rating
in the first 2002 report shocked the government into action: "This assessment
of Armenia was like a cold shower, as their approach was very strict and
unexpected. In any case, we were not disappointed ending up in such a
situation, but were given an incentive and concentrated all our efforts on
making the fight against trafficking more organized." He displayed reputation-
as-image concern as he continued, "It is clear to the world that in Armenia,
not only do we understand the importance of fighting trafficking, we also take
certain effective steps," noting specifically Armenia's desire for "integration
into European structures." [^43] Armenian officials also echoed this sentiment
directly to the US officials, whom they told that Armenia was "anxious to
portray itself as an ally to UN and other International arenas in this
fight"[^44] and that they hoped for US support in Armenia's efforts to join the
UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice.

It was clear that Armenia saw their TIP report ranking as an issue where status
vis-à-vis other countries was relevant. In 2007 the Armenian government drew up
a detailed report to compare Armenia's report with that of Azerbaijan, Turkey,
and Georgia, "highlighting differences in the three countries' performance
which seemed decisive in Armenia's neighbors being graded higher than
Armenia."[^45]

Officials' concern with image was also evident in officials' repeated practice
of agreeing privately with the US while publically criticizing the report.[^46]
In 2005 the US downgraded Armenia to the watch list, criticizing, among other
things, trafficking penalties as too mild. The US allegations of official
complicity in trafficking motivated the government to clear its reputation.
Although the prosecutor denied any evidence of such official complicity,[^47]
prosecutions in general increased in the fall of 2005.[^48] Armenian officials
and NGOS met specifically to discuss trafficking in advance of the embassy's
submission of the 2006 TIP Report and urged all agencies to submit information
to the embassy.[^49] Tellingly, after the 2006 report, the government dismissed
the accuracy of the report in public, but President Kocharian called a high-
level meeting to discuss the issue, and officials privately remained very
accepting and appreciative of the legal advice on the legislation.[^50]

Illustrating the "status maintenance" mechanism discussed in chapter 1,
domestic attention has continued on keeping the Tier 1 rating earned in
2013. In 2015 the media reported widely on the report, noting, "The Republic of
      Armenia has maintained its Tier I status for a third year in a row in the
      US State Department's 2015 Trafficking in Persons assessment." They once
      again stressed the reputation-as-image concern, continuing, "Armenia is
      among just 31 countries out of 188 to have achieved Tier I status."[^51]

Finally, the case also suggests the officials may take personal pride in an
issue as discussed in Chapter 2 of the book. One cable updating Washington on
the TIP situation notes that "The GOAM finally took our advice on this in 2008,
appointing the Deputy Prime Minister/Minster of Territorial Administration
Armen Gevorgian as chair, and this new structure has indeed energized
government efforts. Gevorgian seems to have taken on the TIP issue as something
that will fro personally, and has engaged himself energetically in the policy
issues."[^52]

The US also provided great assistance to Armenia, which may have influenced
government responses. As a former US ambassador explained, "It was an embassy
mostly about assistance. So the threat to assistance was taken very seriously
by us and by the Armenians."[^53] Local Armenian media speculated that the
threat of sanctions could have contributed to the creation of the
commission.[^54] That said, no public documented discussions of sanctions
between US and Armenian officials exist.

## Outcomes

### Legislation and other policy

The US had a heavy hand in pushing for anti-TIP policy. In April 2003, Armenia
amended its criminal code to criminalize trafficking for sexual exploitation.
The US TIP Report was cataclysmic, a fact stressed both by local NGOs, [^55]
IGOs, and government officials."[^56] An IOM official noted that the
organization's initial efforts had fallen flat, but that "It was only after the
US State Department's report that the government decided to take action and to
work with the IOM."[^57] The US continued to play a strong role in legislative
reforms, sometimes offering specific —and often well-received— advice on the
wording of the legislation and also sending a legal adviser to work on the
law.[^58] At other times the US worked primarily through the Organization for
Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), which it funded to analyze the
legislative gaps.[^59] For several years the embassy pushed for full
criminalization and stricter penalties. The eventual strengthening of penalties
can be linked directly to interactions with the US about Tier ratings and
criticisms in the US TIP Report.[^60] By funding the OSCE legislative
assistance efforts and sending a resident legal advisor, the US advised on the
substance of legislative reforms. Parliament amended the Criminal Code in June
2006, following much of the US advice provided through the OSCE and other
channels.[^61]

The embassy continued to pressure the government to pass a new action plan and
fund it properly, which eventually occurred.[^62] The US legal advisor assisted
in the formulation of the Action Plan.[^63] The embassy also pushed on issues
such as official complicity in trafficking and increasing prosecutions of such
cases. The US funded grants to support the strengthening of law enforcement
agencies' response to trafficking, including separate grants for training in
victim referral and training in investigating trafficking cases. By 2009, more
vigorous prosecutions were starting, with, in one major case, the embassy
noting, "This is the type of vigorous prosecution that the USG applauds, and
which it has been training and pushing the GOAM \[Government of Armenia\] to
pursue for years …\[\]… We continue to see and welcome the new level of
maturity and willingness by Armenian law enforcement and the judiciary to
address the trafficking issue seriously."[^64]

Armenia's success is far from complete, but its progress has been remarkable.
Right from the beginning, the US frequently discussed the issue with high-level
government officials, who showed concern about the US Tier rating and sought
concrete information for how to improve their rating. The embassy reported that
concrete results often followed the discussions.[^65]

Later developments bear mentioning. The 2014 TIP Report pushed the country on
its efforts to identify victims of forced labor. Some progress was reported the
next year when the reports noted that the government enhanced efforts to
protect identified victims by adopting the Law on Identification and Assistance
to Victims of Human Trafficking and Exploitation, but it still had not
completed reforms to improve labor inspections.

### Institution building

The US was involved with policy in several ways. It advised the government to
reorganize the domestic administration and oversight of TIP policy*.* Following
the criticism by US and other international actors, in October 2002, the prime
minister decreed the creation of a government commission to address TIP and to
start designing an action plan including new anti-TIP provisions into the
Criminal Code. [^66] The Commission agreed to use the anti-TIP website that the
US funded for Armenia.[^67]

Indeed, Armenia illustrates the information gathering effect well. In February
2005, the Inter-Agency Anti-Trafficking Commission met to discuss the
government's anti-TIP efforts. They timed the meeting specifically before
submission of information to the embassy for its filing to Washington for the
TIP Report. Representatives from the Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Labor and
Social Affairs, Department for Migration and Refugees, and others participated,
as well as IGOs and NGOs. The discussions revealed a lack of inter-agency
communication, which participants pledged to improve. The ministry chairing the
commission encouraged all participants to send the US embassy a detailed
summary of their anti-trafficking work before the TIP filing deadline. A
representative of Armenian law-enforcement recommended that permanent staff be
assigned under the Commission to improve its effectiveness. The US embassy
reported to Washington that "This meeting of the Commission, as well as
previous such gatherings, demonstrates that the USG's TIP report is one of the
principal driving forces for the activities of the Government Anti-TIP
Commission … As the Commission reviews the implementation of the National
Action Plan on Combating Trafficking (2004-2006) and prepares its own report
and recommendations to the Government, it is clear that the USG's report is
serving as a catalyst for interagency anti-TIP cooperation and is setting the
Commission up as a more effective tool in coordinating the GOAM efforts on
fighting TIP.[^68] That the TIP reporting requirements spurred these meetings
is a good example of how the information gathering that the TIP Report brings
can focus attention and thus contribute to changes in domestic practices.

The embassy put considerable pressure on the government to increase the
commission's power.[^69] Years later, after repeated US efforts to push
national TIP policy to a higher administrational level, the commission was
elevated to a council with more decision making powers.[^70] The embassy also
successfully pushed for the appointment of a specific person as chair[^71] and
through numerous meetings with interlocutors, who on US urging took the issue
to the prime minister, got approval of budget requests for TIP policies.[^72]
Embassy officials assessed that the TIP reporting requirement was "serving as a
catalyst for interagency anti-TIP cooperation and…setting the Commission up as
a more effective tool in coordinating the GOAM efforts on fighting TIP."[^73]
The US also funded Armenian officials to travel to destination countries to
facilitate cooperation issues with these countries, funded the creation of a
training manual for the diplomatic core in how to work with victims, and
"conducted an anti-trafficking seminar for judges, prosecutors, investigators
and police," as well as other domestic capacity-building grants.[^74]

### The promotion and adoption of new norms and practices

Furthermore, the US embassy worked hard to change the mindset of Armenian
officials. From the early years the embassy stressed the need for Armenia to
"take ownership" of the issue.[^75] Over the years, this began to happen. As
the deputy prime minister noted in late 2009, "mentalities" about trafficking
had begun to change for the better, and US efforts had brought the issue to the
fore: "it wasn't the case four years ago that trafficking was so frequently
discussed in the government."[^76]

Armenia exemplifies how the TIP Report can serve spread information about
practices by other countries. As noted earlier, in 2007, one of the embassy's
TIP interlocutors asked the embassy for feedback on a Ministry of Foreign
Affairs report that compared Armenia's policies with the reports for Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Georgia to understand what was leading to better
ratings and said that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs would then target their
efforts on those areas where Armenia was deficient.[^77]

## Conditioning factors

Major obstacles to TIP progress in Armenia included the scope of the problem,
extensive official complicity, and poor domestic capacity. In several cases the
government was slow to prosecute suspected officials. The US also had to push
hard to get the government to allocate resources to the problem. An internal
political crisis of 2008 slowed progress further.[^78] The embassy enjoyed
strong relationships with many dedicated officials and cultivated "reliable
anti-TIP interlocutors,"[^79] but complained that these interlocutors lacked
sufficient authority.[^80] These factors all worked against US scorecard
diplomacy.

However, several factors also facilitated engagement. The embassy was heavily
engaged and prioritized the issue at a high-level, leading to the development
of consistent relationships. The authority of reliable interlocutors rose with
the ascension to power of Deputy Prime Minister Gevorgian, who also became
Chairman of the newly established Ministerial Council to Combat Trafficking and
with whom the embassy had good relations.[^81] The ascension of Gevorgian
facilitated greater attention to the issue and subsequent progress. In
addition, the US had some leverage through its sizeable assistance program,
including assistance targeted at TIP problems. US efforts to use scorecard
diplomacy were also bolstered by Armenia's concern for its international and
domestic reputation, demonstrated by its sometimes vigorous attacks on the US
report in the media while privately cooperating. Finally, the case was helped
by cooperation with IGOs, especially the OSCE and the IOM, and local NGOs.

[^35]: 07YEREVAN691

[^36]: 09YEREVAN865

[^37]: As reported in the 2005 TIP Report discussion of Armenia.

[^38]: Text: Exhibition against Trafficking of Women Opens in Yerevan;
    Dept. of State, USAID, American Bar Assoc. among supporters." State
    Department. (November 18, 2002 ): 448 words. LexisNexis Academic.
    Web. Date Accessed: 2012/02/21

[^39]: 04YEREVAN1344, 06YEREVAN895

[^40]: 04YEREVAN1344

[^41]: 06YEREVAN1161, 07YEREVAN351

[^42]: See for example 05YEREVAN1091

[^43]: Armenian official upbeat on fight against human trafficking." BBC
    Summary of World Broadcasts. (June 18, 2004, Friday): 662 words.
    LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2012/02/21

[^44]: 04YEREVAN1639

[^45]: 07YEREVAN888

[^46]: 06YEREVAN836

[^47]: 05YEREVAN2001

[^48]: 05YEREVAN2051

[^49]: 06YEREVAN214

[^50]: 06YEREVAN836

[^51]: "Armenia Maintains 'Tier 1' Status in the 2015 Trafficking in
    Persons Report," *Asbarez*, 28 Jul. 2015, accessed 26 Dec. 2016,
    <http://asbarez.com/138159/armenia-maintains-Tier-1-status-in-the-2015-trafficking-in-persons-report/>.

[^52]: 09YEREVAN135

[^53]: Author's Interview with John Ordway, Ambassador to Armenia from
    November 2001 to August 2004, Friday March 6, 2015. Phone.

[^54]: AZG DAILY \#57, 26-03-2003, SERVANTS OF BLACK BUSINESS,
    <http://www.azg.am/EN/2003032604>

[^55]: AZG DAILY \#211, 19-11-2002: FIGHTING HUMAN TRAFFICKING,
    <http://www.azg.am/EN/2002111901>

[^56]: Armenian official upbeat on fight against human trafficking." BBC
    Summary of World Broadcasts. (June 18, 2004, Friday ): 662 words.
    LexisNexis Academic. Web. Date Accessed: 2012/02/21

[^57]: Anti-trafficking Efforts in Armenia, Aghavni Eghiazaryan, 18:01,
    December 12, 2005. Published online. Last accessed on May 2, 2012 at
    <http://hetq.am/eng/articles/9526/anti-trafficking-efforts-in-armenia.html>

[^58]: 06YEREVAN761

[^59]: 04YEREVAN1344

[^60]: See for example 06YEREVAN761

[^61]: 06YEREVAN960

[^62]: 07YEREVAN106, 07YEREVAN1437

[^63]: 06YEREVAN761

[^64]: 09YEREVAN494

[^65]: 08YEREVAN244

[^66]: AZG DAILY \#42, 04-03-2003, BRITISH EMBASSY LAUNCHES PROJECT TO
    RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT PEOPLE TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING,
    <http://www.azg.am/EN/2003030402>,
    <http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/fr/hr/hr_trafficking.html>

[^67]: 04YEREVAN1344

[^68]: 06YEREVAN214

[^69]: 06YEREVAN1548

[^70]: 07YEREVAN1437**,** 08YEREVAN555, 09YEREVAN135

[^71]: 09YEREVAN135

[^72]: 06YEREVAN1548**,** 06YEREVAN1667, 09YEREVAN135

[^73]: 06YEREVAN214

[^74]: 05YEREVAN1387, 06YEREVAN895, 07YEREVAN250

[^75]: 04YEREVAN314

[^76]: 09YEREVAN865

[^77]: 07YEREVAN888

[^78]: 08YEREVAN555, 09YEREVAN135

[^79]: 07YEREVAN691

[^80]: 07YEREVAN106

[^81]: 09YEREVAN865

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Sorting columns is very slow in Access after moving back-end to SQL Server I used the SQL Server Migration Assistant for Access tool to move a database to SQL Server and keep Access as the front end. Everything went pretty smoothly and the data looks right, reports are working well, etc. I'm just having one problem that is making it basically unusable.
When I open a table in Access and try to sort a column it is very very slow. When I click the column and choose an option (like Sort A-Z for example) it will will say "Calculating..." in the bottom left for about a minute before it will actually sort the column.
Is there any way to speed this up? Did I do something in the migration that might have caused this? It wasn't having any issues with this before.

A: Without more info about the table (i.e. its size, indexes and network speed) its hard to say for sure why you are seeing this delay, but there are some steps you can take to narrow down the source of the delay.
In SQL Server Management Studio, create a query that sorts that same column in the table.  (i.e. Select * from Tablename ORDER BY Columnname;).
If this runs quickly, then you can be pretty sure the table is fine along with its indexes, and you need to look at the network speed between your computer and the SQL server.  If it runs slowly, then the issue is with the table, its indexes or maybe even the SQL server is under powered.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


They walked the way only young teenage girls can walk - bumping into each other through the dimly lit doorway - giggling under the yellowed "Physic Reading Sign." "Maybe we'll be given a laxative" one of them said and they fell onto the faded purple couch in what seemed like the waiting room, laughing so hard that they didn't hear him enter. In fact, they were curled up into one another like one four limbed soft creature when they both felt a hot burst of energy and looked up to see the man holding his face between long fingers, his hair spilling onto his shoulders, leaning on the black marble counter staring at them with burning eyes that charred their laughter into ashen silence.
Very nice, Pearl...so vivid...this scene draws one right in!!
Great prose piece (story starter).
Oh, I haven't been by Flashy Fiction in a while...Great little story with the photo!


text:
Salzburg, Austria: First, a bit of History!
Our first blog series of our recent tour of Salzburg, Austria!
Salzburg and how it came to be...
The name Salzburg was first documented in 755 AD. However, well before its name the first signs of settlements within Salzburg's present city limits date as far back as to Neolithic times! The first actual city that merged smaller Celtic communities was founded by Romans in 15 BC and named Iuvavum! Iuvavum, though, was abandoned after the Roman Empire came into decay and the area remained dormant until the 5th century when St. Rupert received the ruins as a present in 699 AD from the Duke of Bavaria and the city began to rise again.
Rupert became the city′s bishop, launched St. Peter′s Abbey and is still to this day the patron saint of Salzburg. The picture at right is one I took from St. Peters cemetery. St. Peters is the oldest monastery in the German-speaking world; some say the oldest continuously active monastery North of the Alps. WOW!
Fortress Salzburg from St. Peters cemetery
THE CASTLE: Festung Hohensalzburg
I love to walk the hills around the city of the Salzburg to take in the many different perspectives of this castle. Above, I took this picture while walking along Moenchsberg (Monks Mountain) - a beautiful walk that provides panoramic views of the city and Austrian Alps.
Construction of the fortress began in 1077 under Archbishop Gebhard von Helfenstein. This original design was just a basic bailey with a wooden wall. In the Holy Roman Empire, the archbishops of Salzburg were already powerful political figures and they expanded the castle to protect their interests. Gebhard's conflict with Emperor Henry IV during the Investiture Controversy influenced the expansion of the castle, with the Archbishop taking the side of Pope Gregory VII and the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden. The castle was gradually expanded during the following centuries. The ring walls and towers were built in 1462 under Prince-Archbishop Burkhard II von Weißpriach - there is so much more history to this incredible fortress that it deserves very own blog!
Salzburg's Mirabell Palace!
Another great place to visit while in Salzburg is Schloss Mirabell. With its wonderful gardens and great views of the cities highlights. Some of you may recognize this palace from the movie "Sound of Music" - where they sing the famous song "Do-Re-Mi" around the pegasus statue in the center of this photo! This palace was established by Archbishop Wolf Dietrich in 1606 but was renamed by the Italians to its current name, Mirabell, from the Italian "bella" or beauty. It was rebuilt in the baroque style and finally into the neoclassical style upon later restoration. A beautiful place for a picnic or a stroll for love birds (as seen in my picture below).
The Catacombs.... a must see
Its origins date back to about 700, when the adjacent St. Peter's Abbey (Stift St. Peter) was established by Saint Rupert of Salzburg. The abbey's cemetery, probably at the site of an even earlier burial place, was first mentioned in a 1139 deed, the oldest tombstone dates back to 1288.
Catacombs carved into the rock of the Festung HohenSalzburg are catacombs that may stem from the Early Christian days of Severinus of Noricum during the Migration Period.
I find these just incredible to view... this was a place of refuge in the early days of Christianity within Salzburg. The fact that these were dug into the mountain side so very long ago is astounding. A good place to hide, too!
COMING UP NEXT: An historical tour of Church sites in Austria and Bavaria!


Did you know that instead of throwing away that old rug, you can get is repaired or restored? Rug restoration it's a great way to keep your favourite rug looking sharp without having to spend a huge chunk of money on purchasing a new one or throwing away an item with great sentimental value. If your rug is looking a little worse for wear – and detaching from it is something you're not ready to do – consider rug restoration and these most common requests that people seek.
Whether your kids had a bit too much fun playing magic carpet, or your dog got a little aggressive, those warped areas of fabric can often be re-weaved. So if your rug is in need of some re-stitching, our restoration experts have the ability, skill and materials to repair it and match it to your carpet.
The fringe areas of rugs are most susceptible to damage, tearing, and simply looking worn and withered over the years. That's why it's one of the most common repair requests. So from one section to an entire replacement – you bet it can be done.
In some cases, if damage to your rug is severe, or simply the colour of it has faded over the years, certain ones can undergo dye work to restore them. This can cover up damage, restore the vibrancy and make it look fresh and new.
For the purposes of mounting a rug to the wall, this can be achieved or repaired by utilizing the strength of Velcro, similar to what you'd find in a museum. By combining fine stitching, a Velcro system and a securely mounted molding that attaches to the wall, this can easily be achieved. So whether it's installing or repairing a mount – displaying a rug or tapestry is also among one of the more common requests for repairs.
If you spend good money on a rug, you want to get the most bang out of your buck and make it last. But over time, constant foot traffic and wear and tear can quickly deteriorate the condition of it. But rather than throwing your money away on a new one, try the option of simply repairing it. Whether it's a ripped fringe and warp section of weaving – restoration experts have the skill and tools to bring that fabric back to life. So before you toss that ripped rug away, consider your options of restoring it first – it could end up saving you a lot of time and money.


Shop for the perfect broadway gift from our wide selection of designs, or create your own personalized gifts.
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text:
GOA BRIEFS
June 11, 2019	Sports 9 Views
Princeton Rebello extends stay at FC Goa by three years
PANAJI: Midfielder Princeton Rebello has extended his stay with FC Goa till the summer of 2022 as he signed a new three-year contract with the club, states the FC Goa press release on Monday. The 20-year-old has been with the club since 2017 and made his senior team debut in the Super Cup where he came on as a substitute in the quarterfinal against Jamshedpur FC. "What can I say? I feel elated. This is the first true team that I was a fan of and now to commit my future to them is the stuff of dreams. The new contract is a sign that the management has confidence in me and I am heading in the right direction," Princeton was quoted as saying by the release.
St Anthony's Assolda reach semis
BENAULIM: A 14th minute first half strike by Vitorino Fernandes was enough for St Anthony's SC, Assolda to register a solitary goal win against St Savio SC, Calangute and enter the semifinals of Cana Benaulim Panchayat Cup football tournament, at St John, the Baptist grounds, Benaulim on Monday. The all-important goal came off when medio Moises D'Sa dodged two rival defenders and then after entering the box, passed the ball to Vitorino who took a step forward and then banged the ball to the far corner of the St Savio's nets.
SRSC Khandepar advance
MARDOL: SRSC Khandepar defeated Friends of Camilo Banastari 1-0 in the inaugural match of the 14th Ponda Taluka Football Tournament, at Mardol on Monday. Prajyot Gaude scored the lone goal of the match.
Kaushal, Sujay in for U-16 S Zone, NCA camp
PORVORIM: Kaushal Hattangadi and Sujay Naik have been selected for the South Zone U-16 boys Zonal camp to be held at Bellary (Inspire Institute of Sport) from June 24 to July 18 under the aegis of National Cricket Academy (NCA) of BCCI.
Tejeshwini selected for NCA, Girls U-23 camp
PORVORIM: Tejeshwini Duragad has been selected for the Girls U-23 camp to be held at NCA, Bangalore from June 24 to July 23.
Purvaja selected for NCA U-19 Tourney
PORVORIM: Purvaja Verlekar has been selected for the National Cricket Academy (NCA) U-19 (Girls) One Day Tournament to be held at Mysore from June 17 to July 4.
Cana Benaulim Panchayat Cup: CDJ Ribandar V Cuncolim Union, St John, the Baptist grounds, Benaulim, 4.45 pm.
Previous Portugal win with a statement of intent
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NT NETWORK Benaulim Sporting Club of Davorlim entered the semifinals of 30th Super Soccer defeating …


Waldo has a rich past, but recent times haven't been as kind as closures of the city's police department and public school have dealt serious blows to the community that once served as a bustling hub of trade and commerce.
WALDO – A tiny city most recently noted for its large flea market and a now-defunct speed trap, Waldo has a far richer history than many people may realize.
Two significant events have negatively impacted the small but tight-knit community in the last two years. First, the city police department was dissolved in 2014 in the wake of illegal ticket quota allegations, and second, the Waldo Community School was closed by the Alachua County School Board at the end of the 2014-2015 school year because of low enrollment.
If Waldo's older, deep history can be relived, prospects for the community would surely look promising.
The area around Waldo was one of the earliest settled by Americans in present day Alachua County. The first federal highway, the Bellamy Road, passed nearby in 1824, and an important Second Seminole War fort – Fort Harlee – was built slightly north along the Santa Fe River in 1837.
According to Jess Davis' seminal work "History of Alachua County: 1824-1969," Waldo began to grow in importance when the first cross-state railway – David Yulee's Florida Railroad running from Fernandina Beach to Cedar Key – passed through in 1859. The rail also ran through Gainesville and Archer on its way to Florida's west coast.
During the Civil War, a local Confederate company commanded by Captain John Dickison had its camp stationed near Waldo for a time. Dickison was the officer in charge of Confederate forces during the 1864 Battle of Gainesville.
A Florida Historical Marker off of State Road 24 even notes that Confederate President Jefferson Davis' personal baggage and government records were seized by Union forces at a nearby house after the Confederate surrender in 1865.
The golden era of Waldo began not long after the Civil War's conclusion. The citrus industry was particularly strong in the area, and two canals were completed in 1879 that connected Waldo directly to Lake Alto, then Alto to Lake Santa Fe, which created a water route connecting Waldo to Melrose.
According to another Florida Historical Marker located on Southwest 5th Boulevard in Waldo, the Santa Fe Canal Company established its headquarters in Waldo and started a lucrative freight and passenger service with a steamship traversing the route between Waldo and Melrose.
The Peninsular Railroad completed a line through Waldo in 1881, making it an important railway junction with the existing Florida Railroad line. Waldo became home to several railroad shops and a division headquarters for the Seaboard Air Line Railway.
Waldo's prosperity took a severe hit along with other North Florida communities dependent on the citrus industry when hard freezes, one in 1886 and others in 1894-1895, ruined the citrus groves and led to the abandonment of the industry in the area.
Beginning in 1929 with the Great Depression, the rail industry also gradually began to decline in Waldo. The railroad shops and division headquarters were soon moved, and Waldo's economy became primarily dependent on agriculture.
Today, the Waldo Farmer's Flea Market is perhaps the most popular draw for visitors, but City Manager Worley sees additional reasons to spur Waldo's growth in the near future.
"The bypass around Starke scheduled to be completed by 2019 will really change Waldo and bring growth this direction," she said, referencing the Florida Department of Transportation's (FDOT) planned bypass on U.S. Highway 301 around the City of Starke. U.S. 301 is one of two major highways, along with State Road 24, that run through Waldo.
Worley sees downtown revitalization as important to Waldo's future.
"If we can get the town looking better, I think that will help get the excitement built back up," she said.


text:
Pacific Science
Pacific Science, Volume 54, Numbers 1-4, 2000
Pacific Science Volume 54, Number 3, 2000
A History of Ethnobotany in Remote Oceania
v54n3-275-287.pdf (7.14 MB)
Merlin, Mark D.
Ethnobotany has had a relatively short history as a scientific or scholarly discipline, and according to R. L. Ford still lacks a unifying theory. In this paper the history of ethnobotany in Remote Oceania is reviewed. In sequence, the roots of Pacific ethnobotany in European exploration and colonial expansion are discussed, then the contributions of early foreign residents, and finally the rapidly growing field of scientific ethnobotany during the latter part of the twentieth century. Examples of key research from the disciplines of botany, anthropology, archaeology, and geography, as well as major trends in ethnobotanical research in Remote Oceania, are described.
Merlin MD. 2000. A history of ethnobotany in Remote Oceania. Pac Sci 54(3): 275-287.


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Family:Whitney, Nathaniel (1709-1804)
From WRG
Nathaniel4 Whitney (Nathaniel3, Benjamin2, John1), son of Nathaniel3 and Sarah (Ford) Whitney, was born 12 Dec 1709, York, ME,[1] and died 1804.
Nathaniel married, 3 Jan 1733/4, Wells, ME, Hannah Day, daughter of Joseph and Patience (Hilton) Day. She was born 8 Aug 1714, Gloucester, MA.
Pierce says the following:[2]
He was a native of York, Me., and one of the first settlers in Gorham. Was an elder in the church and a prominent and influential citizen, and much employed in town affairs, and a leader in religious matters. He was many times on important committees in the Revolutionary days. He was a man of unquestioned integrity. Abel and Nathaniel WHITNEY witnessed will of Elias PERRY, at York, in 1735.
Pierce conflates him and his brother Nathan4 Whitney.
Nathaniel Whitney was a church member in Biddeford before 1742.[3] Hannah Whitney was also a church member in Biddeford before 1742.[4] Nathaniel Whitney was dismissed from the Biddeford church.[5] Hannah Whitney was dismissed from the Biddeford church.[6]
Children of Nathaniel4and Hannah (Day) Whitney:
i. Nathaniel5 Whitney; b. 22 Mar 1734/5, Biddeford, ME;[7] m. 15 Sep 1757, Susanna5 Whitney, daughter of Samuel4 and Lydia (Spooner) Whitney; marriage intentions for him "of Gorham" and Susanna Whitney "of Brunswick" were published 27 Sep 1757, Falmouth, ME. He lived in 1763 at Gorham, ME, called "Jr."
ii. Hannah Whitney; b. 15 Nov 1736, Biddeford, ME;[8] m.(1) Joseph Hamblen; m.(2) Moses Fowler; m.(3) Andrew Cobb.
iii. Moses Whitney; b. 17 Mar 1739, Biddeford, ME;[9] m.(1) Susanna Crockett; m.(2) Mary Page; m.(3) Abigail (Skillings) Kimball.
iv. Nathan Whitney; b. 1740.
v. Aaron Whitney; b. 7 Jun 1741, Biddeford, ME;[10] m. Jane McLellan.
vi. Miriam Whitney; b. 15 Jan 1742/3, Biddeford, ME.[11]
vii. Tabitha Whitney; b. 25 May 1746, Kittery, ME; m. John Watson.
viii. Patience Whitney; b. 11 May 1748, Biddeford, ME;[12] m.(1) Edward Thomas; m.(2) Coleman Phinney Watson.
ix. Hepsibah Whitney; b. 29 Aug 1750, Biddeford, ME;[13] m. Nathan Freeman.
x. Josiah Whitney; b. 7 Jun 1752, Biddeford, ME;[14] m. Elizabeth Harding.
1771, Conway, MA (tax list): Nath'll Whitney
1790, Gorham, Cumberland Co., ME: Nathl Whitney, 1 male over 16 and 1 female.
1800: not found.
1. ^ "Nathaniel Whittny [s. Nathll. and Sarah (Foord)] Borne Decm ye: 12: 1709," according to Lester MacKenzie Bragdon and John E. Frost, Vital Records of York, Maine, prior to 1892 (Rockport, Maine: Picton Press, 1992).
2. ^ Frederick C. Pierce, The Descendants of John Whitney, Who Came from London, England, to Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1635 (Chicago, IL: The Author, 1895), p. 62.
3. ^ "Nathaniel [Whitney], chh. mem. before 1742, dism.," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 47.
4. ^ "Hannah [Whitney], chh. mem. before 1742," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 48.
5. ^ "Nathaniel [Whitney], dism.," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 51.
6. ^ "Hannah [Whitney], dism.," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 51.
7. ^ "Nathaniel [Whitney], s. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. Mar. 22, 1735," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 38.
8. ^ "Hannah [Whitney], d. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. Nov. 15, 1736," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 38.
9. ^ "Moses [Whitney], s. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. Mar. 17, 1739," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 38.
10. ^ "Aaron [Whitney], s. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. Jun. 7, 1741," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 38.
11. ^ "Miriam [Whitney], d. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. Jan. 15, 1743," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 39.
12. ^ "Patience [Whitney], d. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. May 11, 1748," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 42.
13. ^ "Hepziba [Whitney], d. of Nathaniel and Hannah, b. Aug. 29, 1750," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 42.
14. ^ "Josiah [Whitney], s. of Nath[anie]l and Hannah, bap. Jun. 7, 1752," according to Beatty, John D., ed., Vital Records of Biddeford, Prior to 1856; Maine Genealogical Society Special Publication No. 28 (Rockport, ME: Picton Press, 1998), p. 67.
Copyright © 1999, 2006, 2007, 2011, Robert L. Ward and the Whitney Research Group
Retrieved from "http://whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php?title=Family:Whitney,_Nathaniel_(1709-1804)&oldid=296774"
Missing from 1800 Census
Cumberland County, Maine
Brunswick, Cumberland County, Maine
Falmouth, Cumberland County, Maine
Gorham, Cumberland County, Maine
Harrison, Cumberland County, Maine
York County, Maine
Alfred, York County, Maine
Biddeford, York County, Maine
Kittery, York County, Maine
Limington, York County, Maine
Wells, York County, Maine
York, York County, Maine
Essex County, Massachusetts
Gloucester, Essex County, Massachusetts
Family Group Records
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NASA, JAXA Issue Joint Statement Pledging to Explore the Moon
September 28, 2019 September 26, 2019 Doug Messier News Leave a comment
Artist's rendering of an ascent vehicle separating from a descent vehicle and departing the lunar surface. (Credit: NASA)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Joint Statement on Cooperation in Lunar Exploration
During their September 24, 2019, meeting at JAXA Headquarters in Tokyo, NASA Administrator James Bridenstine and JAXA President Hiroshi Yamakawa welcomed the ongoing engagement between their agencies to realize JAXA's participation in NASA's Artemis program and vision for the participation of Japanese astronauts in lunar exploration.
They noted that these efforts build on the long history of strong cooperation between their two agencies on the International Space Station and across all mission areas, as well as the May 2019 shared view of President Donald Trump and Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to accelerate discussions on cooperation regarding lunar exploration and affirmed their joint commitment for NASA and JAXA to collaborate in lunar exploration with a view toward Mars. Specifically, both agencies' leaders expressed their desire to expand the scientific and technological cooperation between NASA and JAXA to advance human lunar surface activities, leading to eventual human exploration of Mars.
The agency leaders shared their intention to seek support and commitment from their stakeholders in the United States and Japan to document proposals and to conclude the necessary arrangements between their respective agencies and governments.
Administrator Bridenstine welcomed JAXA's proposals for cooperation on Gateway, including habitation functions and logistics missions, utilizing the Japanese HTV-X spacecraft and H3 launch vehicle.
The leaders highlighted NASA's participation in JAXA's SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating the Moon) mission and discussions regarding NASA's potential participation in the planned JAXA-Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Lunar Polar Exploration mission, as well as JAXA's sharing of acquired observational data from those missions to contribute to NASA's lunar exploration goals and objectives. Both leaders also welcomed JAXA's interest in providing science instruments to fly with NASA payloads on future CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Services) delivery missions and the planned upcoming launch of two JAXA-provided cubesats on NASA's Artemis 1 mission. These cooperative activities will contribute to their respective lunar science and exploration priorities, and both leaders acknowledged that the acquired data from these missions will contribute to NASA's plan to return humans to the Moon in 2024.
Additionally, President Yamakawa expressed JAXA's willingness to explore further cooperation to realize sustainable lunar surface activities, including through the potential provision of and collaboration on pressurized crew rovers, transportation vehicles to and from the lunar surface, and In-Situ Resource Utilization technology.
Acknowledging that both agencies are at a critical time for realizing their shared goals of advancing sustainable human presence at the Moon and Mars, the agency leaders committed to continue the close dialogue across their agencies at all levels in the tradition that has been the hallmark of NASA-JAXA collaboration.
Signed on September 24, 2019
Artemis, Artemis 1, CLPS, Commercial Lunar Payload Services, Donald Trump, H3, Hiroshi Yamakawa, HTV-X, human spaceflight, in-situ resource utilization, Indian Space Research Organisation, ISRO, ISRU, JAXA, Jim Bridenstine, Lunar Polar Exploration mission, moon, moon landings, NASA, Shinzo Abe, SLIM, Smarl Lander for Investigating the Moon, Trump Administration
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