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Everly Wheatley Funeral Home
Plant a Tree for Eloise
Eloise Peyton Adams
June 24, 1926 ~ January 12, 2023 (age 96) 96 Years Old
Born on June 24, 1926, Eloise Peyton Adams of Springfield, Virginia died on January 12, 2023. Mrs. Adams, a native of Georgia, graduated from Cornelia High School in Cornelia, GA in 1943. In 1944 she came to Washington, D.C. to work for the Federal Bureau of Investigation where she worked as a typist, proofreader, and secretary for over 10 years. She attended Strayer College of Accounting and Law in Washington, D.C. Mrs. Adams worked as a real estate agent for more than twenty years, retiring in 1995 from Century 21, Old Town Associates, Alexandria, VA. She was a member of the First Baptist Church in Alexandria, Va. Mrs. Adams wrote four books of poetry and over 100 greeting card verses. She also belonged to a DC-area Writer's Club.
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Eloise Adams was a wonderful mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother. She is survived by a son, Bruce Adams and his wife Sandy of Springfield, VA and a daughter Lynn A. Rourke and her husband, Edward J. Rourke, Jr. of The Woodlands, TX. She is survived by a grandson, Colin G. Adams and his wife Michelle, and by three granddaughters: Erin O'Connell and her husband Ryan, Kristin Rourke and her wife Rachel Rotondi, and Kara Rourke. She is also survived by four great-grandchildren, with a fifth on the way: Jacob and Claire Adams and Abby, Mila, and TBD O'Connell.
To plant a beautiful memorial tree in memory of Eloise Peyton Adams, please visit our Tree Store.
Mount Comfort Cemetery
6600 S. Kings Highway

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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NB Media
A shared humanity: 'All My Relations' sculpture in downtown Muskegon honors Native culture
Everyone is looking up, their eyes set on swirling circles moving towards the sky—on a sculpture that, despite being 12,000 pounds of granite, seems to soar.
They start moving towards it, this 16.5-foot-tall piece of art named "Niikonii Kiinaa," or "All My Relations." Some put their hands on it and crane their necks, their eyes traveling towards the top of this tower, a Canadian black granite column that now stands outside the Muskegon County Visitors Center at 610 W. Western Ave. in downtown Muskegon.
For the most part, people are silent, taking it in. One man, who lives nearby and has just gotten out of the hospital, says he is grateful to have the chance to see it. That it's powerful. And beautiful. Others have driven for hours to see it. Later, some say they saw faces in it, others say light.
Most importantly, say those gathered for the sculpture's unveiling ceremony on Thursday, Oct. 4, the artwork is about honoring the region's Native community, about respecting, and connecting with, the spirit, stories and values of the Anishinaabe, the indigenous people of the Great Lakes who migrated west to Michigan from North America's eastern shores as early as the first century.
"Part of what I do, my purpose in life, is to tell the stories of my people," Anishinaabe artist Jason Quigno says at Thursday's unveiling. "I feel it's my part to lay the stories down, the beliefs, the feelings, for future generations. It's to honor my people. This [sculpture] will be here for all people for thousands of years."
Inspired by the Anishinaabe's "Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers"—love respect, honesty, bravery truth, humility, and wisdom—the column features seven swirling circles on each of its four sides to represent the core values of what is needed for a community to thrive. Each of the piece's carved circles connects to every other circle through continuous flowing lines, which curve and twist to represent the smoke from the sacred pipe and fires carrying people's prayers to the Creator. Surrounding the sculpture are four hand-carved benches made of natural stone boulders from West Michigan.
"I always wanted to do something on this scale," Quigno says. "The way the circles are interconnected—we're all interconnected. All people, we're all related and come from the same place, from this earth. It represents us."
An act of listening: Moving the sculpture to the Visitors Center
Originally, Niikonii Kiinaa had been slated for installation in the Old Indian Cemetery, located on Morris Avenue by First Street, but following objections from Joe Genia, a longstanding elder of Muskegon's Native community and a member of the Grand River Band of Ottawa Indians, and Ron Yob, the Tribal Chief of the Grand River Band of Ottawa Indians, it was decided to place the sculpture outside the Visitors Center. Concerns from Genia and Yob were raised after a concrete walkway and pedestal were installed at the cemetery this past summer.
"The Grand River Band of Ottawa People are a part of the Great Ottawa Nation," Genia said in an August statement. "We are indigenous to the Great Lakes Region. We evolved with this place. We are as much a part of this indigenous environment as every other life form that evolved her with us."
"This sacred land is our umbilical cord to that indigenous world and our ancestors that evolved here over thousands of years," Genia continued. "We are still here. We rely on that connected to our sacred land and our ancestors to continue to live and evolve as a people. For those reasons and more that would take many years for an outsider to learn and understand, this is a place of significant spiritual power and should never be disturbed in the manner that it was."
Ultimately, Quigno says, the sculpture's new home is the best space for it.
"This sculpture is not supposed to be about negativity; it's supposed to be about honor," Quigno says at a talk he gave at the Muskegon Museum of Art following the unveiling. "The place it is now is the perfect place; it worked out how it's supposed to."
The original people: Honoring Muskegon's Native community
Inspired by the Muskegon Museum of Art's Edward Curtis exhibit and conversations centered around local Native history, former MMA Executive Director Judith Hayner launched efforts to bring this sculpture to Muskegon in order to have a more permanent tribute to the region's indigenous community. Last year, the museum showcased what was likely the largest Curtis exhibit ever, featuring an extensive collection of photographs, original field recordings of Native music, and more from Curtis' project titled "The North American Indian." Begun in 1907 and ending in 1930, the project aimed to document 80 Native tribes living west of the Mississippi River, as well as in Canada.
Hayner worked with Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Tribal Ogema Larry Romanelli on the sculpture project, as well as on the Curtis exhibit, and the two were determined to find a piece of art that would both honor the region's indigenous people, as well as serve as a source of education for those who know little about the Native community.
Acquisition and placement of the sculpture was a joint effort of the Community Foundation for Muskegon County, the Downtown Arts Committee, the City of Muskegon and the Muskegon Museum of Art. Support for the sculpture came from private donors, the Michigan Council for Arts and Community Affairs, and the Community Foundation for Muskegon County.
"This stemmed from the Curtis art exhibit—it was so successful that we wanted to make sure we represented Native Americans for a long time," says Romanelli, who has served as the elected leader of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians for the past 12 years.
"It's known the Anishnabek people have been here for centuries," continues Romanelli. "Anishnabek translates to 'the original people.' We call ourselves the original people."
Additionally, Romanelli says, the sculpture will help to further educate individuals about Anishinaabe culture and the impact the indigenous community has had on the area—from the name 'Muskegon' being derived from the Ottawa term 'Masquigon,' which means marshy river or swamp to area highways, including U.S. 31 and I-96, being built along Native trails.
"We've been trying to bring back more of our culture—who we are and why we're here, so I want to thank you," Romanelli says during Thursday's unveiling. Later, in an interview with the Muskegon Times, the tribal leader says he hopes the increased awareness regarding Anishinaabe culture will translate to more comprehensive Native studies in area schools.
"I think if we can just get more information in our schools and colleges, it will benefit all of us," Romanelli says. "If you look at most textbooks, we just get one or two pages, and they talk about Thanksgiving, primarily. If people understood the importance of our people, they would be fascinated."
Both Hayner and Romanelli voice deep praise for Quigno, a nationally acclaimed artist who has exhibited his work around the globe, is a member of the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe and is by heritage an Ottawa Indian. The artist too is a direct descendant of Chief Cobmoosa, also known as the Great Walker, one of the most prominent 19th century Grand River Ottawa leaders.
"Jason's work always reflects his culture; that's why I love what he does," Hayner says of Quigno, who lives in Grand Rapids and is represented by LaFontsee Galleries.
Ultimately, Quigno says, the work is meant to take on a multitude of meanings for its viewers—he knows that, over time, individuals may interpret it differently than we do now, may connect to its story in ways we have yet to understand. For those involved with the sculpture project, that future holds an important promise: that all people in our community, and beyond, will have a deep understanding and appreciation of Native history and culture—and how their own humanity is tied to that knowledge, and to the indigenous community.
"Niikonii Kiinaa is a lasting tribute to the shared humanity with us all," reads the plaque standing by the sculpture. "With this work, the artist hopes to remind us how we are all connected as we interact with each other, while beautifully conveying a deep respect for the people that were first on this land."
Story and photos by Anna Gustafson, the publisher and editor of Muskegon Times. You can connect with her by emailing MuskegonTimes@gmail.com or on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Source: https://muskegontimes.com/2018/10/08/a-shared-humanity-all-my-relations-sculpture-in-downtown-muskegon-honors-native-culture/
UICA's Coming Home Series Presents Solo Exhibitions by Established and Emerging Michigan Artists
Jason Quigno's Mission to Preserve His Anishinaabe Heritage
SCA presents exclusive studio tour with artist Jason Quigno


Candle Stick. Tuesday , February 12th , 2019 - 10:37:56 AM.
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Q: postgresql not connecting after upgrading to ubuntu 11.04 I recently upgraded to Natty (Ubuntu 11.04) and now my postgresql does not seem to connect.
I am using pgadmin3 which throws the following error:

could not connect to server:
  Connection refused Is the server
  running on host "localhost" and
  accepting TCP/IP connections on port
  5432? could not connect to server:
  Connection refused Is the server
  running on host "localhost" and
  accepting TCP/IP connections on port
  5432?

typing psql on the terminal gives the following error:

psql: could not connect to server: No
  such file or directory    Is the server
  running locally and accepting
    connections on Unix domain socket
  "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"?

following are the files under var/run/postgresql/
total 8
drwxrwsr-x  2 postgres postgres 100 2011-05-15 14:35 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 root     root     720 2011-05-15 14:35 ..
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres   5 2011-05-15 14:35 8.4-main.pid
srwxrwxrwx  1 postgres postgres   0 2011-05-15 14:35 .s.PGSQL.5433
-rw-------  1 postgres postgres  34 2011-05-15 14:35 .s.PGSQL.5433.lock

netstat shows
sudo netstat -lp | grep postgresql
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     7763     1025/postgres   /var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5433

I believe the problem is that its looking to start on 5432 but it should be starting in 5433 but how do I change this??

A: The default port for Postgres is 5432. Therefore, all tools (pgadmin3, psql) will default to using this port unless you specify otherwise.
You have Pg running on port 5433. Therefore to connect with any tool, you'll have to manually specify the port number. On pgadmin3, it's a textbox in the connection GUI somewhere (if I remember right). psql takes the --port option as follows:
psql --port 5433 [database]

A: I just upgraded PostgreSQL and ran into the same problem. The problem was my new postgres server running version (9.1) was installed in parallell with my old server running version (8.4). I guess the default configuration is to run on an alternative port (5433).
So my solution was to make sure the new server ran on 5432.
So edit your postgres configuration

sudo -u postgres gedit /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf

Make sure that the port is 5432:

port = 5432

And restart the postgres server by issuing :

sudo -u postgres /etc/init.d/postgresql restart

An untested alternative would be to first uninstall the old postgres server, before installing the new version.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: JDBC transaction for resultSet Do I need to start and commit transaction while iterate result set?
like the following:
String query = ....;
Connection con = ... // create the connection
con.setAutoCommit(false);
try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) {
  ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
  while (rs.next()) {
     //do things here
  }
} catch (SQLException e) {
  // roll back
}

I see that it does work without active transaction and I don't understand why.

A: If auto-commit is enabled, then the driver will start(*) a transaction for you when you execute a statement, and it will end as soon as execution completes (for a query, that is when you processed all rows or closed the result set, or execution resulted in an exception), or when you execute another statement.
When you disable auto-commit mode, the driver will start a transaction when it is needed (for example, when you execute a statement), but the transaction will need to be manually ended by calling Connection.commit() or Connection.rollback() (or when you enable auto-commit mode again). When you don't explicitly end a transaction, it will remain active until you close the connection (at which point most drivers will rollback, but some - for example Oracle - will commit).
In short, JDBC does not offer a way to explicitly start a transaction, it will start one when necessary. In your example, the transaction was started at stmt.executeQuery(query).

*: This is actually an implementation detail, for some databases, auto-commit mode might be handled entirely server-side


text:
Weather adds to dangerous conditions for first responders
By and Tiffany Neely | January 17, 2018 at 6:02 PM CST - Updated August 14 at 11:45 AM
MEMPHIS, TN (WMC) - Firefighters rescued a man from his Frayser home after an early morning fire Wednesday.
"Never think I would wake up to something like this," Letha Brown said.
Brown, who lives nearby, told me she feared the worst.
"I could see the fire coming out the roof of the house, and they were trying to get in the front door," Brown said.
Thankfully moments later firefighters pulled her neighbor out of the house and placed her in a nearby ambulance.
"It's just amazing. God be the glory. God be the glory, cause that's a blessing," she said.
The homeowner is expected to be okay, according to firefighters.
However, the weather conditions add extra strain on first responders.
Firefighters said because of the ice, one of their own was taken to the hospital after he slipped off a ladder while putting out the blaze.
"Freezing is a concern," said Lieutenant Wayne Cook. "Slip and fall hazards to our firefighters so we're constantly looking at safety conditions."
He also said in addition to slower response times as these trucks navigate the icy roads, crews have to look out for freezing in the hoses, digging out hydrants from the snow, and the health hazards that come with moving from extreme cold to extreme heat.
Cooke says the firefighter that was hurt is in stable condition and they will continue to exerciser safety measures to protect those in and out of uniform.


This just published paper, in the peer-reviewed Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, again asserts that Mirvaso is "efficacious and safe" for daily use over 1 year.
This study details a trial of 345 users over a year, whilst the Mirvaso Prescribing Information quotes results from 276 users over 1 year.
The previously published long term trial results suggested that around 10% of trialists experienced flushing, 8% redness, 5% rosacea and 5% nasophyaryngitis (cold like symptoms).
Whilst the abstract doesn't detail exactly how many adverse events were seen in the group, the Brimonidine Tartrate Gel 0.5% was judged as safe.
adverse events were higher at the beginning of the study, but decreased over time.
using other therapies for the papules and pustules of rosacea at the same time did not affect the number of bad reactions.
no tachyphylaxis was observed, which means that it Mirvaso didn't suddenly stop working.
Note that this study mentions Brimonidine Tartrate Gel 0.5%, whereas Mirvaso is quoted as containing 0.33% of Brimonidine. This is because each gram of gel contains 5 mg of brimonidine tartrate, which is equivalent to 3.3 mg of brimonidine free base.
What does this mean for the real world where new users of Mirvaso are starting to fill their prescriptions?
Well even though these studies are of high quality, the reports emerging online are not matching the low rates of adverse events detailed here.
This disparity has yet to be explained, so some caution is to be advised. Use Mirvaso carefully. Withe the support of your doctor watch out for the official adverse events for Mirvaso and also rebound redness.
J Drugs Dermatol. 2014; 13(1):56-61.
Once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate (BT) gel 0.5% was shown to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of erythema of rosacea in previous studies including a 4-week treatment phase.
In the present 1-year study, we aimed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of the treatment.
Subjects with moderate to severe erythema of rosacea were instructed to apply topical BT gel 0.5% once daily for 12 months. Severity of erythema and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated.
Approximately 345 subject years of exposure to BT gel 0.5% was achieved in the study. The incidence of AEs and AEs judged to be related to the study drug was higher at the beginning and decreased over the course of the study. Similar safety profiles were observed between the subjects who had received or not received concomitant therapies for the inflammatory lesions of rosacea.
Effect of topical BT gel 0.5% on erythema severity was observed after the first application and the durability of the effect was maintained until the end of the study at month 12, with no tachyphylaxis observed.
In conclusion, once-daily topical BT gel 0.5% is safe and consistently effective for the long-term treatment of moderate to severe erythema of rosacea, even in the presence of concomitant therapies for the inflammatory lesions of rosacea.
Rosacea is a common inflammatory skin disorder estimated to affect 16 million Americans.Although it is usually observed in patients with light skin phototype, rosacea has also been diagnosed in patients with darker skins.Persistent erythema is the primary feature of rosacea and presents ubiquitously among rosacea patients.In addition, other cutaneous signs such as telangiectasia, papules, and pustules may also be present.Several topical and oral medications are currently approved for the treatment of papules and pustules of rosacea, including metronidazole, azelaic acid and anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline. However, there is currently no approved medication for the treatment of erythema of rosacea, making it a key unmet medical need.
Brimonidine tartrate (BT), a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, was recently shown to reduce erythema of rosacea when applied topically.
BT possibly acts through its vasoconstrictive activity, leading to a constriction of the abnormal dilation of facial blood vessels in patients presenting with erythema.
BT ophthalmic solution has been approved for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma, with a well-documented good safety profile.
The efficacy and safety of topical BT gel 0.5% were assessed in previous randomized, double-blind and controlled Phase II and pivotal Phase III studies, in which BT gel 0.5% was applied once daily for 4 weeks. The results demonstrated that topical BT gel 0.5% provided significantly greater efficacy and a faster onset of action compared to the vehicle gel, with a good overall safety profile. In the present long-term study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical BT gel 0.5% when the medication is applied once daily for up to 12 months.
[purchase article for more details].
Will I have a Bad Reaction to Mirvaso?


Please consider becoming a supporter of Maluk Timor with a recurring donation.
$240 (or $20 per month) can screen 30 school children where at least one child is likely to return a positive test allowing life-saving treatment.
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Our longstanding commitment and the deep expertise of our local staff has established us as a trusted partner in the region with a proven track record of effecting change.
We bring together individuals and institutions to address the severe health issues facing Timor Leste today.
One of the highest rates of women dying from pregnancy and childbirth in Asia.
More than 40 per cent of children are underweight for their age especially those living in rural areas.
Limited access to clean water and basic sanitation contributes to the spread of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea, which can be fatal.
Malaria can very quickly become endemic in the districts with the highest morbidity and mortality rates reported in children. Currently the disease is laying low due to the drought.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem with an estimated 8,000 active TB cases nationally.
Infectious disease, low utilisation of skilled assistance for antenatal and poor reproductive health are the most common causes of infant mortality.
Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are common in sexually active age groups, mostly in Dili and Baucau districts.
Life expectancy is low at around 68 years.


Have you ever been stuck on how you can build your twitter brand in Zimbabwe. Yes you have tried other methods from British and American blogs but those solutions do not quite work for Zimbabwe. Well this ebook I wrote has tried and tested techniques and strategies which will allow you to end up with decent following.
I must remind that, Twitter is a cost effective marketing tool and it's a great decision to actually learn how to use it.
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Looking to buy or sell Other Steel Bars? List your company on Macro Market.
Other Steel Bars are the 249th most traded product and the 219th most complex product according to the Product Complexity Index (PCI).
The top exporters of Other Steel Bars are China ($3.94B), Germany ($1.37B), Japan ($947M), Sweden ($676M) and Italy ($570M). The top importers are Germany ($1.22B), the United States ($892M), China ($682M), Mexico ($618M) and South Korea ($614M).
Other Steel Bars are also known as hollow mining drill, stainless, alloy, extruded, cold formed, billets.
Other Steel Bars are a 4 digit HS92 product.
This treemap shows the share of countries that export Other Steel Bars.
This treemap shows the share of countries that import Other Steel Bars.
This visualization shows products that are likely to be exported by countries that export Other Steel Bars.


Lucknow: Yogi Adityanath government's first Cabinet meeting in Uttar Pradesh ends. Major decisions are taken as expected.All eyes are on Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) government as they have to apply to these new measures .
Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath is expected to address the media at Lok Bhavan, Lucknow.
*Cabinet approves setting up of a sports stadium in Ghazipur.
*No more illegal slaughter houses will be allowed to be set up in Uttar Pradesh.
*The Yogi Cabinet has also approved the proposal to buy 100% wheat crop of farmers across the state.
*According to the proposal approved by Yogi Cabinets, farmers who have to pay loans up to Rs 1 lakh will be free of the burden now.
*Apart from the farm loan waivers, the UP Cabinet has also stamped their approval on the ordinances on the ban on slaughterhouses, anti-Romeo squads.
*Yogi Adityanath government will spend around Rs 36,000 crore to fund the farm loan waiver, the report says.
*For investment and setting up of industries to stop migration of UP youth, a new Industrial policy will a set up.
*The CM has formed a committee of ministers, who will visit several states and learn nuances of industrial policies and implement a good one in UP through a single window.
*Under Dinesh Sharma, the committee will visit states like Maharashtra and Gujarat.
*Under Keshav prasad Maurya, a three-member committee has been formed to look into the crisis faced by potato farmers.
*5000 wheat procurement centres in the state, to be monitored by the agriculture ministers. In the first stage itself, 40lakh metric tonne wheat will be purchased from farmers.
*All district officials have been asked to set up new centres for crop procurement as per demand.
*Along with MSP, all farmers will get Rs 10/quintal. At procurement centres, all purchases to be done by farmers, on the basis of their aadhar cards and no involvement of middlemen.
*All farmers having up to 5-acre land will be counted as small farmers, while those having 2.5-acre land will be considered as marginalized farmers.


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text:
Спартак Арменакович Сейранян (, 23 мая 1963, село Сулда Ахалкалакский район) — министр образования и науки Армении с июня 2008 года.

Биография
 1981—1986 — исторический факультет Ереванского государственного университета. Историк, учитель истории и обществоведения.
 1980—1981 — работал на заводе ЕрАЗ в качестве рабочего.
 1986—1989 — работал в Государственном этнографическом музее Армении в качестве научного работника.
 1993—1997 — работал в общественной организации центр изучение национального вопроса и геноцида в качестве исполнительного директора.
 1997—2001 — работал в газете "Айоц ашхар" в качестве журналиста, заместителя редактора.
 2001—2006 — работал в научно-образовательном фонде "Нораванк".
 2004—2006 — являлся главным редактором официального органа ВО АРФ "Дашнакцутюн" газеты "Еркир".
 2006—2008 — был депутатом парламента. Член партии «АРФД».

С июня 2008 по 12 мая 2009 года - министр образования и науки Армении

Примечания

Ссылки
 Биография

Выпускники Ереванского государственного университета
Депутаты Национального собрания Армении
Министры образования и науки Армении
Члены партии «Дашнакцутюн»

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Career Option in Marine, Eligibility Criteria, Marine Career, Salary, Career Prospects.
Career in marine are very exciting and adventurous. One who is passionate about sea and loves travelling can make his or her fortune in this very high paying industry. It offers an exposure to manufacturing, shaping, designing of ship. It is a fusion of the science and engineering where people from various streams can start their career. It has come up as very rewarding and potential career options in recent times .Three fourth of the earth is surrounded by water and maximum export and import are managed by sea route only. This gives a fillip for greater job opportunities in the marine field.
Indian Institute of Maritime Studies.
it is a field of adventure and great learning.One has to be full of life and self dependent and he/she has to be away from the family for a quite longer time .Person must have a good aptitude and dynamism in the personality to tackle with every day challenges there. Good decision making, Observation skills, problem solving skills, organizing skills and analytical skills are required to perform. Excellent verbal and written communications skills, ability to interpret data into meaningful information, good at numbers are certain thing that marine personnel must possess.
Some of the designations on which people get employed are marine engineer, consultant, architect, ocean engineer etc.
It is a field where salary has no bar. Starting salary of Rs.25000 to Rs.50000 can be earned on monthly basis. When one becomes senior and skilled, gets monthly salary up to Rs.200000 or even more. Those who are so much knowledgeable and skilled can get any amount of salary in the field.
Marine is one of the best career options because of its exposure to elegant life style, opportunity to travel around the world, witness the various landscape and cultures, potential to earn huge money. A lot of jobs are available in the market in different domains and sub domains of marine. One must give it the first thought while choosing the career options.


text:
Hiring? Toptal handpicks top M&A consultants to suit your needs.
FinanceAll Blogs
Finance Processes
Everything You Need to Know about the CVS-Aetna Merger
Melissa Lin
Melissa has worked in ECM, tech startups, and management consulting, advising Fortune 500 companies across multiple sectors.
Deal Points
In a deal valued at a whopping $69 billion, CVS Health Corp. plans to buy Aetna, Inc.
At over 33 times trailing net income, Aetna "isn't exactly selling at a moment of weakness." And since the offer is mostly in cash, it will strain the CVS balance sheet.
If the deal finalizes, it would merge the nation's largest pharmacy chain with a major healthcare insurer, representing one of the largest healthcare deals of all time and the biggest deal in 2017.
The partnership will capitalize upon CVS' existing 1,100 low-cost MinuteClinics, which will soon expand its low-level treatments.
Motivations for the Deal
Cost Cutting. The merger is expected to produce $750 million in cost savings. The system involves a complex network of payments and rebates, but ultimately the deal would place a pharmacy, insurer, and PBM under one roof—keeping much of the money changing hands under the same roof.
Expanded Services as a Competitive Edge. The deal would leverage CVS' 9,700 storefronts and 1,100 MinuteClinics. By focusing on preventative care and minimizing hospital services, which drives at least 70% of medical costs, the total cost of care can be minimized and differentiate them in the market.
Despite Threats from Amazon, the real race is with UnitedHealth. Amazon has obtained licenses allowing it to sell drugs, amongst other items, in 12 states. It's possible that CVS and Aetna joined forces to counter a ruthless competitor. However, the real threat might be from health giant UnitedHealth, the nation's largest health insurer. UnitedHealth has long been pursuing a strategy where it expands into drug dispensing and patient treatment.
Potential Market Effects
Traditional Caregivers under Pressure. It's no secret that the hospital business is becoming commoditized and non-traditional entrants are introducing fresh options. This is reflected in the number of healthcare-related venture funding deals, which grew 200% between 2010 and 2014. CVS and Aetna want to pursue value-based care, in contrast to the current fee-for-service system, which incentivizes treatment by volume. Unsurprisingly, this will be a blow to hospitals like Tenet Healthcare, HCA Holdings, and Community Health Systems.
Increased Merger Activity. Three days after the Aetna and CVS announcement, UnitedHealth purchased DaVita Medical Group, acquiring its 300-doctor nationwide clinics, for $4.9 billion. This will expand UnitedHealth's Optum unit, which already includes 30,000 doctors. UnitedHealth has spent $14 billion on deals in 2017 acquiring assets.
Unclear How It Will Affect Consumers. Some experts believe that CVS and Aetna will provide greater convenience to consumers, insisting that the deal will help patients navigate the complicated system. Others highlight the fact that Aetna's outgoing CEO would reap $500 million if the deal closes.
Candy, cosmetics… and medical care? In a deal valued at a whopping $69 billion, your favorite stop-in, CVS Health Corp., plans to buy Aetna, Inc. At over 33 times trailing net income, Aetna "isn't exactly selling at a moment of weakness." And, since the offer is mostly in cash, it will strain the CVS balance sheet. If the deal goes through, however, it would merge the nation's largest pharmacy chain with a major healthcare insurer, representing one of the largest healthcare deals of all time and the biggest deal in 2017. The partnership will capitalize upon CVS' existing 1,100 low-cost MinuteClinics, which will soon expand its low-level treatments.
News of the deal was not unexpected; CVS Chief Executive Larry Merlo called the deal a "natural evolution" of the two companies since they have been "close partners" for several years ever since CVS became a PBM for Aetna's 22 million members. It follows on the heels of proposed horizontal mergers between industry competitors—insurers Aetna and Humana, Cigna and Anthem—which raised antitrust concerns and were blocked by a federal court. However, the CVS-Aetna venture would be a vertical merger between companies that do different things within the same industry, and is thus more likely to be approved. Many view the move as evidence of a transforming healthcare landscape given increased industry consolidation and political uncertainty over the future of national healthcare programs.
This article breaks down everything you need to know about the deal; we'll brief you on the motivations behind the merger, potential market effects, and outstanding issues.
A Defensive Strategy: Motivations Behind the Aetna-CVS Merger
Cutting Operational Costs and Expanding Services in an Uncertain Industry Environment
Amidst the uncertainty over the Affordable Care Act and potential reductions for government programs like Medicare, health companies are now reexamining their business plans and partners. Aetna and CVS are no different as they look to cut operational costs and establish a competitive edge in this landscape.
According to CVS CEO Larry Merlo, the merger is expected to produce $750 million in cost savings. This is, in part, because the drug landscape involves so many middlemen. The five major players include: drug manufacturers, wholesalers, pharmacies, insurers, and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs). PBMs serve as middlemen between manufacturers and insurers, usually working for employers and health plans to select which drugs are covered and negotiate discounts. The system involves a complex network of payments and rebates, but ultimately the deal would place a pharmacy, insurer, and PBM under one roof. Put simply, the obvious benefit is that it would keep much of the money changing hands under the same parent company. The process from manufacturing to consumer is illustrated below.
If the deal is finalized, CVS would control each step except for the actual drug R&D and the drug wholesaler, which ships drugs to pharmacies and hospitals. Toptal Finance Expert Sebastian Fainbraun weighs in: "CVS with their MinuteClinic provides a cheap alternative to quick medicine as well as a streamlined prescription process—it's all about cost savings so Amazon is not relaxant for now. Even more so, CVS can also get into the delivery business. Having an insurance company owner is key."
Expanded Services via Community Clinics as a Competitive Edge
The deal would help leverage CVS' 9,700 brick-and-mortar storefronts to improve access to preventative care and minimize expensive emergency room visits for Aetna's members. Currently, CVS operates 1,100 MinuteClinics which offer basic services like flu shots and physicals. These services, in combination with data from Aetna's medical records, would offer consumers certain preventive services for free and make certain drugs available in CVS pharmacies. Thus, the MinuteClinics would become key locations where Aetna customers, and customers of rivals, can receive low-level care. The goal is to help individuals realize savings by going to a retail store to treat minor symptoms or monitor their health, transforming how care is delivered.
By focusing on preventative care and minimizing hospital services, which drives at least 70% of medical cost, the total cost of care can be minimized and differentiate them in the market. CVS also plans to eventually deliver care to customers' homes as a method of saving premium dollars paid by Aetna clients, employers, and individuals covered under Medicare and Medicaid.
With regards to footprint, CVS currently operates 10,000 drugstores nationwide, which are within 5 miles of 71% of the country's population. For the sake of comparison, only 34% of US households are within 5 miles of an Amazon-owned Whole Foods storefront.
Still, skeptics insist, this strategy might not prove successful in execution. Hurdles include significant monetary and time investment to transform drugstores into a credible medical setting. Its abilities "will be hamstrung by a heavy debt load, a huge learning curve and a tricky integration process." Others are wary as to whether the care will be disjointed and of subpar quality. As Greg Burke of the United Hospital Fund puts it, "It would probably be unsettling to people coming in to buy socks to have someone with a bleeding head come in for stitches." And, as critics point out, when comparing total CVS clinics to those with MinuteClinics, the picture seems less rosy (see Chart 1).
According to Toptal Finance Expert Sebastian Fainbraun, "The deal will be more transformative for Aetna as it will give them better pricing for drugs, a direct channel for quick care, and another touchpoint to the consumer. For CVS, it is a lifeline because Walgreens, Walmart, and Amazon will eat their lunch." In 2016, three-fourths of CVS' retail sales (totaling $81 billion in revenue), including stores, online pharmacy websites and long-term-care pharmacy operations, were from the sale of prescription drugs. And the pharmacy-benefits business has been growing at a faster rate than the retail business, jumping 20% in 2016 compared to 13% for retail operations.
Despite Threats from Amazon, the Real Race Is Against UnitedHealth
Everybody discusses Amazon as a game changer—and with good reason. Amazon has established dominance and obliterated incumbents in publishing, consumer electronics, cloud services, and most recently, food, with its Whole Foods acquisition. Earlier this year, Amazon indicated that it was considering entering the pharma industry, which sent stocks of pharmaceutical middlemen south. Amazon has obtained licenses allowing it to sell drugs, amongst other items, in 12 states. It's possible these were secured to allow the sale of medical devices. However, analysts suspect it may have larger ambitions, causing CVS and Aetna to join forces and establish their foothold to counter a ruthless competitor.
Though Amazon could potentially affect any part of the pharmaceutical supply chain, Leerink Partners analyst Ana Gupte believes it is most threatening to retail pharmacy chains like Walgreens, CVS, and Walmart. This is because Amazon is set to acquire cash-pay and mail-order customers, then eventually move into the pharmacy-benefits manager and retail pharmacy business.
Still, there are skeptics of Amazon's ability to dominate the space. After all, the drug business is highly regulated and not particularly transparent. In fact, Amazon has had difficulty overcoming barriers to entry in other highly regulated markets, such as alcohol distribution. Toptal Finance Expert William Plumer agrees, as "Healthcare is a complicated space and not as simple as utilizing eCommerce's 'point and click' platform for healthcare purchases." Plumer adds, "regardless of whether Amazon wins or even participates in the Rx supply chain, their potential entry serves as much-needed 'lighter fluid' to spark needed transparency and change in the relatively secret world of Rx supply chain and drug pricing."
However, amidst the noise that often surrounds discussion of Amazon, the real threat might actually be from health giant UnitedHealth. UnitedHealth is the nation's largest health insurer with more than 45 million US members. UnitedHealth has long been pursuing a strategy where it expands into drug dispensing and patient treatment. In 2007, UnitedHealth merged with CatamaranRx, the then fourth-largest pharmacy benefit manager (PBM), into its OptumRx PBM. UnitedHealth is set to reach $200 billion in revenue this year. It owns over 400 surgery centers and urgent care clinics, runs medical practices for 22,000 physicians nationwide, and OptumRx fills over 100 million prescriptions per month.
Fitch Ratings echoed this sentiment in a recent report: "A combined CVS and Aetna…would make the company more similar to Aetna's largest competitor in the health insurance industry, UnitedHealth."
Potential Market Effects of the Deal
Traditional Caregivers under Pressure
It's no secret that the hospital business is starting to become commoditized and non-traditional entrants are introducing fresh options. This is reflected in the number of healthcare-related venture funding deals, which grew 200% between 2010 and 2014. New, redesigned processes often focus on bringing care to the patient, which is appealing when compared to outdated hospital systems which subject patients to long phone holds and crowded parking lots.
Therefore, in an attempt to lower premiums, Aetna and CVS are aiming to streamline financing and delivery and care—to get upstream of hospitalization. CVS and Aetna want patients to receive care conveniently and in a timely manner (value-based care), in contrast to the current fee-for-service system, which incentivizes treatment by volume and fuels skyrocketing healthcare costs. Unsurprisingly, this will be a blow to hospitals like Tenet Healthcare, HCA Holdings, and Community Health Systems.
Even Charlie Martin, notorious healthcare investor, believes hospitals are doomed if they don't rethink their model: "Half of the business that's in there is going to go away…This is going to be a beatdown like we've never seen before."
Increased Merger Activity
Three days after the Aetna and CVS announcement, UnitedHealth purchased DaVita Medical Group), acquiring its 300-doctor nationwide clinics, for $4.9 billion. This will expand UnitedHealth's Optum unit, which already includes 30,000 doctors in its network. In fact, UnitedHealth has spent $14 billion on deals in 2017 alone, acquiring assets and establishing its advantage. However, its strategy has been to make reasonably-sized acquisitions; its biggest deal was its purchase of PBM Catamaran Corp for $13 billion in 2015. This figure isn't insignificant, but it pales in comparison to the CVS-Aetna merger. According to Professor Craig Garthwaite of the Kellogg School of Management, it's interesting that it's the insurers integrating care delivery into their operations, in contrast to large health systems like Kaiser Permanente, which has been directing members to its hospitals and doctors.
Steady diversification is a strategy that has been successful for UnitedHealth—as of August 2017, its diversified model was proving more resilient than its competitors (see chart below).
As noted previously, UnitedHealth has long been the leader in terms of strategic acquisitions. However, the CVS-Aetna deal could cause a ripple effect in the industry. If successful, the merger will leave Express Scripts as the only remaining large PBM not tied to an insurer. Many speculate that more cross-industry deals are expected, in part because the current environment is increasingly consolidating functions—whether it's seeing doctors, surgery, or prescriptions.
Unclear How It Will Affect Consumer Choice and Costs
Some experts believe that CVS and Aetna will provide greater convenience to consumers. One such believer is Gerald Kominski, director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research. He maintains that, "It might be similar to an airline buying a rental car company, so it can offer package deals to its customers…This is a bold move that is more likely to benefit customers." Of course, leadership at CVS and Aetna have been making the same assertions—that the merger can simplify matters for patients and lower out-of-pocket costs: "I think really people are confused…They're wandering through the system, multiple doctors, multiple medications" said Aetna CEO Mark Bertolini.
However, others disagree. Some critics highlight the fact that Aetna's outgoing CEO would reap $500 million if the deal closes. Some are concerned that the healthcare ecosystem will resemble siloed kingdoms where consumers are locked into separate ecosystems of pharmacies, doctors and healthcare clinics depending on their insurance provider. And, since individuals often change insurance plans, B. Douglas Hoey, the chief executive of the National Community Pharmacists Association insists that "you may be bounced from kingdom to kingdom." Gerald Friedman, a healthcare economist at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, agrees: "This is not good for consumers…they will be lucky to be no worse off." The potential for the merger to limit competition and thus decrease consumer choice leads to speculation around whether the Department of Justice (DOJ) will block the deal. While historically vertical mergers have been considered less anticompetitive than horizontal mergers, in November 2017 the DOJ prevented the vertical merging of AT&T and Time Warner.
Still, Toptal Finance Expert Jeffrey Mazer CFA, JD, believes that the public should "not be too concerned about it. We've all been taught that choice is always good, but with the current economics of healthcare, that's not necessarily the case…I could see some rule attached to the merger that would allow healthcare providers to choose pharmacies, but not anything that would block what Aetna and CVS are trying to do."
Critics further contend that cost savings obtained from drug makers will not be passed to customers, staying with the insurers or PBMs, just as it did with PBM Express Scripts and insurer Anthem. As an LA Times article puts it, "This resembled two hyenas snapping at each other over wildebeest scraps; not much is ever left for any other species after these skirmishes."
The CVS-Aetna deal may not be the first of its kind, but it certainly is evidence of a changing healthcare landscape. It may not be revolutionary, but it is brilliant. Of course, whether the operational cost cutting and consumer-aiding visions will be realized are to be seen.
As Toptal Finance Expert William Plumer puts it, "Time will tell who wins here: consumer or corporate behemoth. Hopefully both. Step number one is to get all 292,500 employees on board with game plan."
What is the meaning of horizontal merger?
There are typically two types of mergers: vertical and horizontal. Horizontal ventures occur between industry competitors while vertical mergers occur between companies that do different things within the same industry. Horizontal ventures are typically a higher anticompetitive risk than vertical ventures.
What is an example of a vertical merger?
An example of a vertical merger is the proposed CVS-Aetna deal. It would bring together the nation's largest pharmacy chain with a major healthcare insurer. If it goes through, it would represent one of the largest healthcare deals of all time, and the biggest 2017 deal.
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Kick-off event for its "4th Sending Randoseru (School Bags) Across the Sea Campaign 2007"
On January 18, 2007, Kuraray held a kick-off event for its Fourth Sending Randoseru (School Bags) Across the Sea Campaign 2007 at the OO Square, located on the first floor of the Marunouchi OAZO building near Tokyo Station.
School bags usually come to the end of their useful lives-and tend to be consigned to closets, though still in good condition-after six years of "scholarly" endeavors during children's elementary school days. Thus, Kuraray started the Sending School Bags Across the Sea Campaign, where disused school bags are given renewed lives by filling them with stationery and other school supplies and sending them to underprivileged children overseas.
Celebrities who support the campaign and who participated in the event as the Across the Sea Cheering Group related to the audience their fond memories of school bags. Also at the venue was an exhibition of photos taken by professional photographer Takeshi Uchibori, who visited Afghanistan in 2005 to capture on-site scenes from this campaign.
Kuraray invited 20 children who are going to enter elementary school this April and their parents to the school bag presentation ceremony. Parents and children also enjoyed a photo session with members of the Across the Sea Cheering Group.
Celebrities at the Event (Members of the Across the Sea Cheering Group)
Ken Maeda (entertainer)
Hirokatsu Kinoshita and Jaguar Yokota (husband [medical doctor] and wife [professional wrestler])
Eriko Sato (actress, entertainer)
Takeshi Uchibori (Photographer)
Honorable Guests
Kenshiro Matsunami, Member of the House of Representatives, Deputy Secretary-General of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, Chairman of the Japan-Afghanistan Association
Back row, from left Mr. Matsunami, Mr. Maeda, Ms. Sato, Ms. Jaguar Yokota and Mr. Kinoshita
Front row Children invited to the event
Information about the Sending School Bags Across the Sea Campaign
Japanese Organization for International Cooperation in Family Planning (JOICFP)
Randoseru Industry Association, Japan Luggage Association
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
Kuraray Co., Ltd.


How often do you play soccer?
How long did you study last night?
b. I like spy novels.
b. I'm a math teacher.
c. I worked for two hours.
b. In my living room.
c. I watch the news.
My father is a good cook.
c. I agree to you.
d. I agree for you.
How do you spell "cat"?
f. I have one dog.
c. I will be eating.
d. I was playing soccer.
It seems to me that most soccer matches are too expensive?
a. I don't think it.
Where do you do your homework?
When did you go to that restaurant?
When was the last time you took a picture?
a. A picture of Jane.
c. About five days ago.
What were you doing last night at 11:00?
c. I will be sleeping.
When will you mail that letter?
What are you going to do after dinner?
b. I'll take a bath.
c. I take a bath.
a. I have slept 7 hours.
b. I am sleeping 7 hours.
c. I slept 7 hours.
d. I sleep 9 hours.
b. Two times an hour.
a. When you are twenty years old.
d. At a liquor store.
a. At least once an hour.
c. For about 30 minutes.
How many times have you gone fishing?


In the late 19th century, every nation had a particular sonic imprint. French music sounded a certain way, German music sounded another way, and so on for Italian, Czech, and English music. American composers had to create a national music from scratch, and found that to do so they needed to free themselves from the strictures of European music taught in school.
Show #2: What's American About American Music?
3. to create music that would be distinctly American.
This debilitating trio of pressures created the fault lines along which American music is still divided today, with each composer deciding which mandate to follow most closely. One can follow this apparently permanent divide from the academics versus the homegrown composers of the 19th century to the New Romanticists versus the art-rockers and post-minimalists of the 1980s.
Show #3: "Oh, To Be Popular!"
As the 1920s celebrated the birth of the machine age, American composers were surprised to find that Europe was looking to them as the key to the future of music. There was so much money floating around that commissions were numerous, and composers tried to outdo each other in modernist innovations. The age was summed up by George Antheil's "Ballet Mecanique," written "like a solid shaft of steel," with its worship of the machine and its decadent excess of airplane propellers and 16 player pianos.
In this heady milieu, composers were caught completely off guard by the Depression. A turn toward leftist politics began to demand simple music for the proletariat. The most public and successful turnaround came from Aaron Copland, who simplified his style away from dissonance and jazz rhythms toward quotation of folk song; "I wanted to see if I couldn't say what I had to say," he wrote later, "in the simplest possible terms." Quotation of folk songs became de rigueur in the 1930's, brought to a populist climax in Virgil Thomson's works such as "The River" and "The Plow that Broke the Plains."
Show #4: "It Don't Mean a Thing, If It Ain't Got that Swing"
Henry Cowell commented that, as a child growing up in San Francisco, he heard Chinese opera far more than he heard European classical music. Cowell was the first to insist that Asian and African music are every bit as much a part of the American heritage as European music.
Asian and African music offered many properties that threw the limitations of European music into sharp relief. African drumming revealed a wealth of rhythmic complexity that went far beyond simple meters based on 2, 3, 4, and 6. Indian music exposed composers like Lou Harrison and Ben Johnston to subtleties of tuning that Europe had avoided for centuries. For many, many composers from Colin McPhee on, Balinese and Javanese music opened up a world of nested melodic structures and new ways to compose music as highly detailed and yet static and unmoving, as opposed to the more linear and narrative forms of Europe.
For many American composers, the musics of Bali, Japan, China, and India came as revelations, helping them move away from European aesthetics. Slowly, this Asian influence crept through American music, discrediting European music's insistence on relentless forward motion, and establishing the idea that music could very profitably spin in one place, pointing the way toward minimalism.
Contact with the abstract expressionist painters after World War II inspired many American composers to look for a new American language in chaos, complexity, and freedom.
For some composers, like the so-called "New York School" (Cage, Brown, Feldman, Wolff), and also for the burgeoning Free Jazz movement, the emphasis was on freedom, chance, improvisation. For others, the emphasis was on structure and scientific models. But both arrived at a chaotic musical energy that seemed to be the sonic analogue of a Jackson Pollock painting.
The tremendous influx of European refugee musicians during World War II gave American music an increasingly European cast. Once again, American composers had to break away, and to do so now required bold strokes.
Starting out from a 12-tone standpoint, La Monte Young (with Cage's influence) rediscovered sound simply by tremendously slowing down his music until it was nothing but drones. From this point, minimalism developed as an active bicoastal movement.
By the mid-1970s, the "Fabulous Four" of minimalism had established themselves: La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass (John Adams, in his early work, would be the "Fifth Minimalist"). And for mainstream audiences, Reich and Glass would become the stars of late 20th century music.
Although partly inspired by "creative misreading" of Eastern philosophies, the resulting movement, Minimalism, was a uniquely American product, one that would become the most important musical movement of the late 20th century. In important ways it was a violent swing of the pendulum away from the preceding era. By the late 1950's, music had become so full of complexity and relentless diversity that simple repetition sounded like a breath of fresh air, and seemed like the only avenue that hadn't been explored.
Ignored by the concert music establishment, many maverick composers have taken matters into their own hands, refusing to be dependent on institutions.
Inspired by composers like Conlon Nancarrow, who wrote all his music for player piano, and Partch, who built his own instruments and trained his own ensemble, a legion of self-sufficient composers arises in the 1960's, including singers like Meredith Monk who can perform her music solo; performers like Reich and Glass who form and maintain their own ensembles; and technicians like Mikel Rouse and Charles Amirkhanian who create their own music from electronic equipment they have at home.
As the success of this music spreads, many of these composers have now been asked to write for orchestras and other ensembles, but the ability to become self-sufficient helped their music survive in the lean years.
Show #10: What's So Great About the Orchestra?
The orchestra is a European medium if there ever was one - European through and through, grown from the very social forms of European society.
Keeping the orchestra alive has always been a troublesome enterprise, and today, orchestras are folding every month. Many American composers have written for orchestra, but fewer and fewer these days, and in particular, those who consider themselves mavericks often avoid the genre altogether.
But still, the tonality which crept back into "new" music with minimalism has lead to a both a stylistic pluralism and a new romanticism, which fit the resources of the orchestra well.
Is the orchestra dead, as composer Frederic Rzewski has charged? Or has MIDI software and computer orchestration capability given new life to the medium, as John Adams' music suggests?
When commercial recording tape became available in 1947, America got in, for the first time, on the ground floor of a musical technology. Not in this field would American composers have to follow Europe - the two continents, plus Japan developed the technologies and the artistic responses to it in tandem.
For decades, electronic music was associated with weird, spacey effects and inhuman sounds, but digital technology has completely changed the game.
Show #12: Is It Music If Nobody Hears It?
Every kind of music has its audience. So what happens when you create a new music - and there's no audience for it?
America's maverick composers have worked at creating a music that combines the well-thought-out structure of classical music with the physical and emotional energy of pop, but that avoids the sterile formalism of one and the commercial vapidity of the other. But once that music is made, how do you seduce audiences away from classical and pop music?
Accessibility was a 1980's buzzword, admired by marketers, abhorred by academicians, but really a deeply American concept, since we have uniquely had the task of building up a musical culture in a self-conscious age. But does music gain quality from striving for accessibility? Does it gain audience members?
Since Schubert and Beethoven quoted 18th century Austrian folk tunes, composers have always made their music at least partly from the vernacular music they hear around them. For the last few decades, the prevailing vernacular music in America has been rock, or pop, and it would be strange if composers in other genres hadn't begun using rock materials.
The prejudice against rock among composers began to fade in the late 1970's. In 1979, Rhys Chatham, music curator of New York's premiere avant-garde performance space, The Kitchen, set a precedent by booking experimental rock groups. Soon art rock groups started to be taken seriously as experimental music. Chatham himself began writing minimalist pieces for electric guitars. Glenn Branca wrote a series of symphonies scored for electric guitars with a drummer. And then, in 1981, an obscure performance artist named Laurie Anderson unexpectedly hit number two on the pop charts in Great Britain with "O Superman."
Today we have operas with backbeats, symphonies for electric guitars, and pop songs made with electronic sampling of "serious" music. You've got to give maverick composers credit for making music with devices that the mass of pop music fans will recognize. Are audiences ready for pop music that isn't just three-minutes long?


The Languedoc Roussillon region during an escape in our vineyard. Or give them the chance to enjoy our wine tasting ateliers and our oenological meals.
They will be able to choose their destination and the dates of their trip directly on our site, or by contacting us by phone or by mail.
Our gift check is valid for all tours, for a full year. Your friends and family can personalize any tour.
Wine tasting ateliers, oenological meals, Days or week-ends in the vines, offer a moment of relax around the oenological theme.
Decide of the amount you want to offer and your friends and family will choose a tour from our program or they will create one according to their expectations.
All the beneficiaries can leave at any time, on request : we take care of the entire organization of the stay by adapting to the dates of their choice.