text:
Poll shows Mueller's public image at all-time low
But 70 percent of Republicans said the president wasn't meddling in the investigation. com/story/2018/06/08/trump-pardon-not-above-the-law-633713″ target="_blank">told reporters he had the "absolute right" to make that move, but a majority of voters – 59 percent – said they opposed the idea of Trump issuing a self-pardon. Among Democrats, just 13 percent said the president should pardon himself, while 77 percent rejected the idea. Thirty-two percent of all voters, and 40 percent of independents, said they either had no opinion of the special counsel or had never heard of him.
Special counsel Robert Mueller's public image has sunk to an all-time low since he began his probe into possible collusion between the Trump 2016 presidential campaign and Russia, according to a new POLITICO/Morning Consult poll.
Months of sustained conservative attacks led by President Donald Trump and his allies has harmed Mueller most among Republicans, with a record 53 percent now saying they view the lead Russia investigator in an unfavorable light. That's a 26-point spike since July, when the poll first started asking voters whether they viewed Mueller favorably or unfavorably.
Mueller's unfavorable numbers have hit highs among both Democrats and independents, at 24 percent and 33 percent, respectively. Thirty-six percent of all registered voters are also seeing Mueller unfavorably, which represents the highest level since the polling first raised the topic 11 months ago. Back then, 23 percent of all voters said they viewed Mueller negatively.
The spike in the special counsel's unfavorable ratings come as he begins his second year on the job. Mueller has already publicly netted five guilty pleas and 18 indictments of people and companies tied to his work examining Moscow meddling in the 2016 election. But he's nonetheless faced sharp attacks from the president, his lawyers and other associates.
Voters interviewed for the POLITICO/Morning Consult poll also have changed direction on whether they think the Mueller investigation has been on the up and up. In the latest survey, 40 percent of voters said it had been handled unfairly, compared to early February when 34 percent said the probe wasn't being handled fairly. The percentage saying the investigation was being done fairly remained unchanged from February at 38 percent.
The latest poll also has bad news for the president. Forty-eight percent of voters believe Trump has attempted to impede or obstruct the Russia investigation, up from 44 percent who offered the same view in early February. Democrats by a wide margin – 79 percent – said Trump was trying to obstruct Mueller's probe. But 70 percent of Republicans said the president wasn't meddling in the investigation.
Trump also may want to rethink his comments about pardoning himself if he's found guilty of a crime. The president last week told reporters he had the "absolute right" to make that move, but a majority of voters – 59 percent – said they opposed the idea of Trump issuing a self-pardon. Twenty percent said the president should pardon himself, while 21 percent were without an opinion or responded that they didn't know.
The breakdown among party affiliation on pardons is also against the president. About a third of Republicans – 34 percent – agree with the idea that Trump should issue himself a pardon. The same number of Republicans also said he should not pardon himself. Among Democrats, just 13 percent said the president should pardon himself, while 77 percent rejected the idea. Only 15 percent of independents said they thought Trump should pardon himself, while 63 percent said no.
Mueller's favorable ratings, meantime, remain high among Democrats, with 50 percent in the latest poll giving him the thumbs-up for his job performance.
In the first POLITICO/Morning Consult poll conducted last summer to ask the favorable/unfavorable question, 32 percent of Democrats gave Mueller a positive rating. Among Republicans, Mueller's favorable rating remains relatively stagnant at 18 percent in the latest poll, down from 22 percent in July 2017. Independents gave Mueller a 28 percent favorable rating.
Despite being a steady presence in the news since taking over the investigation last May, Mueller also continues to be little-known to many Americans. Thirty-two percent of all voters, and 40 percent of independents, said they either had no opinion of the special counsel or had never heard of him.
The latest POLITICO/Morning Consult poll was conducted June 7-10 and surveyed 1,994 registered voters. It has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 2 percentage points.
Morning Consult is a nonpartisan media and technology company that provides data-driven research and insights on politics, policy and business strategy.
More details on the poll and its methodology can be found in these two documents – Toplines: https://politi.co/2l7MATG | Crosstabs: https://politi.co/2JIJyzM


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Over the course of many decades, the city of Shreveport witnessed dramatic growth and ever-changing landscapes. Mule-drawn railways gave way to electric streetcars, and what was once the Confederate capital of the state became today's vibrant commercial hub of northwest Louisiana. Drawing from their extensive image collection, authors Joiner and Roberson depict the disappearing scenes and lost stories that form the complex layers of Shreveport history. From the famous performances of Pawnee Bill's Wild West Show to the infamous red-light district, from the decline of vigilante justice to the victims who perished from yellow fever, Joiner and Roberson recover and remember lost Shreveport.
Gary Joiner is a history professor at LSU–Shreveport, director of the Red River Regional Studies Center and has written many articles and books on the history of the Red River Valley region of northwestern Louisiana. Since 2006, he has aired a weekly radio program called History Matters for Red River Radio and is an experienced and popular lecturer on history, geography and archaeology. His myriad affiliations include the Civil War Preservation Trust, U.S.; the North Louisiana Historical Association (former board of directors, former editor of North Louisiana History); the DeSoto Parish Historical Society (former president); the Southern Historical Association; the Louisiana Historical Association; the Oakland Cemetery Preservation Society; the Spring Street Historical Museum; Red River Radio; the Red River Heritage Association; the Sons and Daughters of Pioneer River Men; and the Historic Shreveport Preservation Society.
Ernie Roberson is a graduate of Louisiana Tech University. He has served as the Caddo Parish registrar of voters since 1990. Prior to that, he served as an aide to two U.S. congressmen. He is a former member of the Caddo Parish Police Jury (county commission). He is the author of several auto racing articles on IMCA legends and the Louisiana State Fair Speedway in Shreveport.


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Attorney general: Sex harassment complaints should be secret
Posted: Dec 6, 2017 3:46 PM CST
MADISON, Wis. (AP) — Republican Attorney General Brad Schimel says he agrees with legislative leaders that sexual harassment complaints against lawmakers and their staff should be kept secret.
Republican and Democratic leaders in the Senate and Assembly last week agreed that complaints will remain confidential out of respect for the privacy of the victims and those they have accused.
Schimel has long touted himself as a champion of Wisconsin's open records law. But he told The Associated Press during a year-end interview that the legislative leaders have struck the right balance.
He said there's a strong argument for releasing the records so the public can see them and hold government officials accountable. On the other hand, victims typically report incidents with great reluctance and expect confidentiality.
"We can't break that confidentiality," Schimel said. "These are adults who made a decision, often based on the understanding that what they report was going to be confidential."
He said victims should decide whether to make their stories public.
Asked why the Legislature can't release even redacted versions of the complaints, Schimel said redacted documents could still reveal the victim's identity.
Bill Lueders, president of the Wisconsin Freedom of Information Council, said redacted complaints would give the public a general sense of how they were handled or mishandled without identifying the people involved.
He added that the media typically protects the identities of sexual misconduct and sexual assault victims and that he hasn't seen anything that indicates people who file complaints expect the documents will be "suppressed."
"It is just as likely that they hope something will be done about it, even if that means the complaints become known," Lueders said in an email. "We have an absolute right to know what complaints have been filed and whether they were properly investigated."
Even though Schimel supports the Legislature's refusal to release complaints, he did allow the Department of Justice to release limited information Wednesday about complaints the agency has received since he took over as attorney general in January 2015.
The agency said six sexual harassment complaints have been filed within the agency since Schimel took office in January 2015.
Three complaints were filed in 2015. DOJ released resignation letters that show two of the complaints led to Consumer Protection Supervisor John Knappmiller and Special Agent Brad Montgomery quitting.
According to a pre-disciplinary letter DOJ human resources officials sent to Knappmiller, he made repeated phone calls to a female subordinate after hours, showed up uninvited at her home, positioned his groin near her face in her office, touched her without consent and threatened her job.
Randy Gold, the attorney who represented Knappmiller during the disciplinary proceedings, said he no longer represents Knappmiller but has forwarded an AP request for comment to him.
DOJ spokesman Johnny Koremenos said the agency was still weighing what records regarding Montgomery could be released. Montgomery's attorney, Colin Good, didn't immediately reply to a voicemail Wednesday.
One complaint was filed in 2016. It was unsubstantiated but led to reassigning an unnamed employee. Koremenos said the agency would not release any information on the case because it was unsubstantiated.
Two complaints were filed in 2017. One was unsubstantiated. The other was referred to another agency. It involved Eau Claire County Sheriff's Capt. Dan Bresina.
WEAU-TV reported in April that he allegedly provided a DOJ employee with his personal phone number, texted her, hovered around her and followed her around. The sheriff's department ended up reprimanding him, revoking his appointment as undersheriff and transferring him from field services captain to jail captain.
Bresina didn't immediately reply to an email from The AP seeking comment Wednesday.
Two women have accused Democratic state Rep. Josh Zepnick of drunkenly trying to kiss them in 2011 and 2015. The women have requested anonymity and neither filed a formal complaint. Zepnick has said he doesn't remember the incidents but hasn't denied they took place.
The women's accusations have prompted Assembly Democratic Minority Leader Gordon Hintz to kick Zepnick off all the committees he serves on and call for his resignation. Zepnick has so far refused to step down.
This story has been updated to correct the day of the week to Wednesday.
Evers signs bills designed to fight Lyme disease

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. 2008-02-04: CORE-2008-0122 advisory is published.


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NCRC#1: Diversity and Prosperity Integrate Well in Oak Park, Illinois
(Crystal A. Proxmire, March 24, 2015)
This is part of our series of stories from the National Community Reinvestment Coalition Conference in Washington DC from March 25-28, 2015. Learn more at www.ncrc.org.
As part of the National Coalition Reinvestment Coalitions Annual Conference in Washington DC, Rob Breymaier of the Oak Park Regional Housing Center spoke about the strategies and policies used in his community to make Oak Park the destination place for diversity in Chicago's suburbs. The lessons learned in Oak Park could give the attendees from around the county ideas and hope for creating more integrated, welcoming, and financially stable communities.
The OPRHC was created in 1972, and currently has 7 full time and 5 part time employees plus volunteers. They work with housing professionals, including landlords, real estate agents, mortgage lenders, and developers to have consistency in visions best practices. They also sustain their work through housing referrals.
Oak Park is the first suburb west of Chicago, bordered mostly by segregated communities. The 4.5 square mile village has 52,000 people living in an area with historic buildings, plenty of public transit options and solidly middle class residents. And according to Breymaier two of the community's greatest features are the fact that it was home to architect Frank Lloyd Wright and writer Ernest Hemingway, and thus has a vibrant artistic vibe, and secondly that it is intentionally diverse.
The push for integration started with a failed house-bombing. "In the early 1950s a guy named Percy Julian moved to Oak Park. He was a genius, a chemical wizard with patents to his name. The Glidden Paint Company hired him. And he was African American," Breymaier said. He explained that Julian had invented several medical and chemical innovations, had become wealthy and moved to a big home in Oak Park, "right smack dab in the middle of the city."
"He was the first black person to move to Oak Park," Breymaier said. "And somebody tried to fire bomb his house. They were inept at firebombing his house, the dynamite they had thrown in failed to ignite. But it became a big story. People rallied around him and his right to live there. …He lived there the rest of his life, but the people who rallied around him became the spark for change that did not institutionalize until the 1970s."
In 1968 Oak Park passed a fair housing ordinance at the same time as Fair Housing Act. The Village Board members who passed that got death threats, and were told they were destroying the community. But the same people who had defended Julian's right to live in Oak Park also stood strong in creating a welcoming environment for all people.
One thing that was common in Chicago in the 60s and 70s was a phenomenon called "block busting." This is where real estate agents would make big profits by scaring white home owners into selling their homes at below market value saying that black people would be moving in, and encouraging them to sell while they could. The real estate agents would then turn around and sell the homes at above market prices to black families, making them feel lucky to be moving into a white community. A chain reaction would follow as whites moved out and blacks moved in, with the real estate agents profiting heavily from the change. This practice had started happening in Oak Park, and that is why the OPRHC was formed – to prevent racially-charged shifts in the community and facilitate an integration process that was inclusive and positive.
A key part of maintaining quality of life for all residents of Oak Park was actively working with people in the real estate, mortgage and banking professions to form relationships and let it be known the Oak Park would be a place that was fair to everyone.
"We decided to be proactive," Breymaier said. "We made it clear this is what we want in our community, and if you do that we'll all be successful."
There are two ways to cultivate a just housing system, being reactive and being proactive. Oak Park's proactive approach required, and continues to require, active engagement with everyone involved in housing, both in purchasing and in renting. Oak Park is about 40% rentals.
A traditional, reactive, fair housing model tends to focus only on the benefits to the under-served community. Because interaction happens in terms of legal threats, it tends to create an adversarial and isolated movement instead of welcoming all stakeholders to the process. And it fails to get to the root causes of inequality by only treading the symptoms, Breymaier said.
In the Oak Park model, his agency works with home buyers and renters in their search, rather than waiting until after they have faced discrimination. They seek to engage everyone involved by explaining the benefits of integration. They bring everyone together to "build and aspirational and inclusive movement." And they address the structures and systems of equal opportunity to promote lasting change.
"Enforcement only does not include everybody," Breymaier said. "White people feel like there is nothing for them. They can get sued. Why should they have conversations?
"It got to be very adversarial. Before being part of OPRHC, I was part of that. I would tell people 'if you do this, we will sue you. If you do this we will tell HUD.' It kept us at odds with the housing industry and out of positive conversation."
Breymaier contended that enforcement, while obviously an important tool, is not particularly effective in creating long term change in housing.
"If you sue someone big like State Farm for discrimination in insurance, you can change the country. They have offices around the country so if you make a change it spreads quickly. Same with housing authorities. If you sue a housing authority they change their policy and other housing authorities all change their processes to avoid being sued. In home ownership and real estate it's hard because there are thousands of actors and each case changes on a case by case basis."
The OPHRC works directly with landlords and real estate agents. They work with elected officials and developers to ensure quality building design and unit features. They promote effective and fair management techniques, including doing trainings on how to fairly screen renters and by encouraging resident managers in rental properties. They keep the value of fair housing and diversity in their discussions on a regular basis.
"We talk about our issues and how everyone has a role in it. It's not about pitting one group against each other, it's about how can we build a community together. People start to see. At this point people move to Oak Park because they want to live in a diverse community and they want to be in this change."
The key to the success of their efforts is using data to make sure Oak Park is representative of the region as a whole, and to show that a rise in diversity equals a rise in prosperity. In fact, the data showed that Oak Park weathered the housing market crash because their tight-knit, community-building-minded realtors and lenders did not engage in predatory lending practices like people in other areas did.
There is a concern that the rise in home values might price out minority residents, but thus far Oak Park has remained on target with reaching their ideal mix of residents. For the Chicago area, it's a middle of the road place in terms of rent and upper middle for home purchasing. And, Breymaier noted, there are people in every race of all income levels.
"We don't have to conflate race and income. We stick with race, not income. When someone walks down the street you don't peg them about their class based on their skin color. There are rich and poor people in every community," he said.
Another secret to their success is making diversity a selling point. "We advertise Oak Park as a great place to live and as a diverse community. There are enough people in the Chicago region at least that want to live in a diverse community. We have a bunch of people in Chicago who, when their kids get school age, move here because of the school system. We have an urban environment and all the things that make a city great," he said. "A couple other communities market this way at time, but we market this way every day… This is who we are."
There is still some division in the community, with a slightly higher concentration of people of color on the east side of town. The OPHC helps potential renters see the value in looking beyond racial makeup in making their housing choice. They take potential renters to diverse areas of the community and introduce them to neighbors, show them amenities, and answer any questions they may have. They also work with the village and with developers to make sure that amenities, like playgrounds and streets, are the same or better on the eastside to encourage more people to want to move there.
The OPRHC is a nonprofit whose main function is to connect renters with available housing. Landlords can list for free and are asked to make donations if the program is successful for them. This model gives them resources to continue their work while also supporting their mission of fair housing and integration.
Using awareness and promotion of diversity has helped Oak Park become the most integrated suburb of Chicago and helped it rise to a solidly desirable place to live for all types of people. Breymaier hopes other communities will learn from the proactive approach to integration.
To learn more about the OPRHC visit their website at http://www.liveinoakpark.com/about-us.


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Passing the Buck on Affordable Housing
by John Krinsky
Mayor de Blasio makes an announcement (photo: Demetrius Freeman/Mayor's Office)
Passing the buck is one thing. Passing seventy million bucks is quite another.
Each year, New York City sells between $70 million and $120 million in unpaid tax debt, water charges, and emergency repair loans to a private trust. These liens—which enable the owner to foreclose on the property—then increase rapidly in value. The trust can charge nine percent interest on 1-3 family houses and 18 percent interest on multifamily housing, compounded daily.
Yes, daily. Total tax debt can triple or even quintuple in a year.
For homeowners who fall behind on their taxes and cannot enter into a payment plan with the City, being put into the tax lien sale means shooting down a steep waterslide into a deep pool of debt. Predatory lenders and equity firms often prey on them as they either try to hang onto their property or sell it for as much equity as they can possibly keep. Sometimes even being on the tax-lien sale list can lead to foreclosure by a lender.
For tenants in buildings in the tax lien sale, times can be just as hard or worse. Landlords tend to pay their taxes even if they withdraw services from a building: they want to hang on to their property. But when they stop paying taxes and end up in the lien sale, it's often a sign that the building is already in deep trouble. Being in the lien sale doesn't make it better. Under pressure to sell, landlords often try to harass tenants out because empty buildings sell for more than full ones.
Nonprofit organizations such as churches, daycare centers, and community gardens also find their property in the lien sale in spite of the fact that their property should be exempt from local taxes. The tax lien sale can wipe out years of tax benefits that add up to public investment in these organizations if, for reasons of age, illness, death, or simple ignorance of, or inability to navigate the Department of Finance's new online system to renew their tax exemptions, they fail to do so in time.
Meanwhile, the city is dealing with an unprecedented homelessness crisis, an affordable housing shortage, and—by its own lights—a dearth of land and property with which to help solve these problems. And yet, at the same time, for the last twenty years, it has given up its own power to foreclose on much of this property and to preserve it for affordable housing and to meet other community needs in favor of selling this right to a bank-managed, private trust.
This wasn't always the case. Before Mayor Giuliani instituted the tax lien sale in 1996, the City did foreclose on tax-delinquent housing. It wasn't always a pretty story. The City managed much of this housing poorly. But beginning in 1986, under Mayor Koch, it used a lot of this foreclosed property to create over 250,000 units of housing. Much of this is the only truly affordable housing for poor people in the city apart from public housing.
With this year's tax lien sale on Thursday, May 12, the time for reform is now, so that this year's is the last of its kind.
The City doesn't have to go back to the bad old days of owning thousands of units of foreclosed housing. It could divert the majority of the more than 4,000 properties a year from the lien sale and make huge strides toward meeting Mayor de Blasio's goal of preserving or creating 200,000 units of affordable housing.
Through regulatory agreements that subordinate tax debt to permanent affordability requirements, and foreclosure and disposition to nonprofits like community land trusts and mutual housing associations (much like large, low-income cooperatives), the City can put financially shaky housing on new footing by realizing economies of scale in purchasing and management. It can preserve nonprofit assets and the public investment that went into them, and it can even turn vacant lots into affordable housing opportunities. By keeping these properties out of the lien sale, it can keep them from becoming prohibitively expensive to save.
Would it cost money? Of course. But so does passing the buck for New York's housing crisis to generations to come.
John Krinsky is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at The City College of New York and a board member of the New York City Community Land Initiative.
Tags: Affordable Housing • tax lien sale


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Kohler Persuade Toilet Review (Collection Guide 2019)
We've reviewed plenty of toilet brands on this blog. One name that consistently gets a mention is Kohler. There is good reason behind that. They generally produce excellent products that are reliable and effective.
One such example of this is the Persuade collection, which is what we shall be looking at in this guide. We'll help you explore its features, from the flush through to the exterior.
Kohler Persuade Curv K-3723-0
Like all products, the K-3723 Curv has a mix of good and bad points, but for the most part, we like what we've seen in the specifications. It consists of the K-4353 bowl and K-4441 tank.
One of the first things that stood out for us is its dual flush mechanism. To keep it simple, this enables consumers to choose between a high or low volume flush depending on the waste type you're dealing with. The great thing about such a system is their ability to save water. If you use the low volume flush for liquids, you could end up saving 4000 gallons of water or more, than single flush mechanisms. This can have a big impact on your utility bills, especially if you have a large family. See our water savings calculator to get a better idea.
If you've always wanted something that's more environmentally friendly, then the flushing mechanism helps with this. Not only does it comply with WaterSense standards, but also the Energy Policy Act, and the CEC. The full flush utilizes a heavier 1.6 GPF. However, the half flush uses a highly efficient 1 GPF.
Lets face it, finding something aesthetic that matches your current bathroom color themes and layout is important. We feel that the external design of the K-3723 meets this criteria with a contemporary, two piece style that's fully skirted. This also hides the trapway from view in the process. However, being two piece, doesn't quite have the same effect as the seamless style of one piece toilets.
The bowl measures sixteen and a half inches in height (without the seat), ensuring it meets the height required to be labelled as comfort height. Depending on the seat you choose, it will be between seventeen and nineteen inches tall. The bowl itself has an elongated shape, ideal for leg support, and providing the appropriate space for male users.
The water surface size is 4-1/2" x 5-3/4", and the distance to the water from the rim is 8-1/2". The full dimensions are 38.5 x 31 x 23.2 inches.
Overall, we like this model. It's very capable of being used in a family bathroom, and is economically friendly compared to some of its competitors on the market.
Other ranges - It's worthwhile checking out what else this company produces to get the full picture. You may end up finding something better suited to your households requirements, and if nothing else, it's great for making comparisons. We suggest checking out our guides on Tresham, Corbelle, Memoirs, Adair, Wellworth, and Cimarron.
Planning ahead - Making plans is important. If you've got a small bathroom, you'll need to consider how and where you're going to be installing your toilet. Is it going in the corner? Will it hang on the wall? Round or elongated bowl? These are all things to consider if you're aiming to save space.
You should also set yourself a budget, and try your best to stick to it. Without a budget in place, it's so easy to spend a lot on the accessories and matching hardware.
Rough in size - Why is this important? If you get the wrong size, your tank and bowl will have either a big gap behind it, or it will be too close to the wall. You should know your rough in before you begin shopping. We have guides for those of you with ten inch and fourteen inch rough ins.
We have our own criteria to decide whether we're dealing with a top toilet or not. There are quite a few things to think about in this process. Ultimately, this helps us decide if a product has the important qualities consumers need to be looking at. Efficiency, performance, and design are always high on that list. After analyzing the features of the Persuade Curv toilet, we believe it checks a lot of these boxes. The research around the web tends to reflect this too, because it's highly rated by customers in most of the sources we checked.


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Home » blog » Their Finest – A Brilliant New Romantic Historical That Will Make You Cry
Their Finest – A Brilliant New Romantic Historical That Will Make You Cry
by Amber Topping
Based on a historical fiction novel by Lissa Evans, Their Finest is a brilliant new British period drama that somehow never received the attention and promotion it deserved. With only a brief limited release in the U.S earlier this year, the film fell under the radar. However, now that it's available on DVD and Digital, more people should check out this wonderful film with a fantastic cast that is part Romantic Drama, part War Drama, and part Comedy.
The Story – Their Finest
Set in London 1940 during the Blitz, Their Finest tells the story of Catrin Cole (Gemma Arterton), a former secretary who receives a job as a new screenwriter for propaganda movies because they need someone who understands how to write "women" dialogue. Her screenwriting partner is the cynical but talented Tom Buckley (Sam Claflin) who takes a while to warm up to (hint: you definitely do) and they've been tasked to write a new uplifting movie about Dunkirk that will inspire the war efforts and unite the country in the midst of harsh times.
Despite the tragedy around her, Catrin finds she loves her new job as a writer and embraces her talent which means pulling away from her selfish significant other (Jack Huston).
Related THE GUERNSEY LITERARY AND POTATO PEEL PIE SOCIETY (2008): AN INFORMATIVE AND ROMANTIC EPISTLE
Besides Catrin and Tom, other noteworthy characters include scene-stealer Bill Nighy as Ambrose Hilliard, a washed up and aging movie star, Rachel Stirling (The Bletchley Circle) as the tough but fair feminist boss Phyl Moore, and Jake Lacy as Carl Lundbeck, an American war-hero who the producers want in the film despite his poor acting. In smaller roles, you'll also find great talent including Jeremy Irons, Richard E. Grant, Eddie Marsan and Helen McCrory.
Women in Film
"A lot of men are afraid we won't go back into our boxes." – Phyl Moore
One of the aspects I loved about the film was the female focus and how it promotes women as filmmakers. The female characters have their chance to get their foot in an industry during the war when previously they wouldn't have been able to. In fact, the character of Catrin is inspired by the real-life Welsh screenwriter and playwright, Diana Morgan which makes the character of Catrin all the more intriguing.
I also loved the slow-building romance between Catrin and Tom. The characters together make perfect sense and the chemistry between actors believable. You'll easily root for these two to be together. Though at the end of the day, I think Catrin embracing her love for writing as a career has more significance than the actual love story. But make no mistake, this film is a romance.
The Acting
And while all the performances are great, the true standouts are Gemma Arterton and Bill Nighy who both give some of their best performances to date. Nighy, for instance, has a couple goosebump-worthy scenes with literary dialogue that will make you wonder why he's not receiving any awards.
Overall, if you enjoy stories like The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society, romantic war period dramas with a touch of humor, or even Old-Hollywood, you should enjoy Their Finest. In some scenes you'll find yourself laughing, in others, crying. And with a clever script, wonderful performances, fantastic production design, and a memorable romance, Their Finest is sure to entertain.
Content Note: Rated R but mild. There is a brief sex scene with nudity when a character finds someone cheating. And there are about 4 F-words.
Where to Watch: Their Finest is available to stream on Hulu. You can also rent/and or buy on Amazon, Youtube, Vudu, Google Play, and iTunes.
Have you seen Their Finest? Do you want to? Share your thoughts on this period drama in the comments below!
Photos: BBC Films/Lionsgate
"You had me at hello."
By Amber Topping on November 28th, 2017
About Amber Topping
Amber works as a blogger/writer full-time and fell in love with stories and imagination at an early age. She has a Humanities and Film Degree from BYU, co-created The Silver Petticoat Review, contributed as a writer to various magazines, and has an MS in Publishing from Pace University, where she received the Publishing Award of Excellence and wrote her thesis on transmedia, Jane Austen, and the romance genre. Her ultimate dreams are publishing books, writing and producing movies, traveling around the world, and forming a creative village of talented storytellers trying to change the world through art.
2 thoughts on "Their Finest – A Brilliant New Romantic Historical That Will Make You Cry"
I really enjoyed this film. But the unexpected event towards the end almost ruined it for me. Aside from that I appreciated the emphasis on feminine creativity and a look at how propaganda films were made at the time.
Amber Topping
I enjoyed it too! And I hear what you're saying. It didn't bother me since I felt it fit the narrative of the story. But, I can definitely see how it might ruin the film for some if they were expecting a different ending!


Sixty per cent of primary shoppers in Canada are women. They have a huge influence over the household basket.
We all know that. But guess what? Today, women are more important to your business than ever. Why? Because it's a digital world and womdn are super plugged in.
Let's look at some of the numbers we've uncovered in a new Nielsen report, "The Connected Female Consumer".
Canadian women are nine percentage points more likely to check email compared to men (87% of women vs. 78% of men). Women are more social, too. They're 15 percentage points more likely to visit social networking sites than men (79% vs. 64% of guys).
If you're looking to connect with women, a tightly crafted online strategy is a must.
With digital discounts available aplenty, and apps making it easier to keep track of deals, heavy use of email and social media may also explain why Canadian women are more likely to participate in retailer and manufacturer marketing programs.
coupons and compare store prices online—all in advance of visiting the grocery store.
Even though female consumers already use a number of digital tools, understanding how they interact with these tools—with friends and family, as well as brands—is essential for anyone looking to run successful campaigns with higher on-target rates.
For example, women with social media accounts are 17 percentage points more likely than men to enter contests, 12 points more likely than men to forward coupons and promotions to their friends and family, and nine percentage points more likely to connect with retailers.
That said, building a relationship with female shoppers takes some time and effort. But the payoff can be big: a highly engaged consumer with a broader appeal toward the brand, and who will share her interests to create other engaged consumers.
Another area to pay attention to is ecommerce. Online sales are up in Canada, with many consumers shopping online for CPG. What motivates women to shop for CPG online? Two things to start: information gathering and deal seeking. The latter especially should come as no surprise. Canadians are already trained to buy groceries on promotion. Thirty-eight per cent of total dollar sales in Canada now have a price cut. So shoppers are simply transferring their established in-store buying behaviour to the world of ecommerce. Checking online flyers and using price-saving apps rank high among online drivers.
But women are motivated to shop online for other reasons. Product availability, for example. Over 30% of women say they shop online to get products not available to them in stores. That gives online retailers a unique advantage. They are not limited by square footage space. Convenience is another driver. Close to 30% of women see online shopping as a time saver, and some say it better fits their schedules.
In-store and online, if you want to succeed, reaching women shoppers is a must.


text:
International Dark Sky Symposium at Mont Megantic - Update
You are cordially invited to the International Dark Sky Association Symposium at the ASTROLab at Mont-Mégantic Provincial Park sponsored by IDA-Quebec. RASC Light Pollution Abatement Chair Robert Dick will be a featured speaker at this event. The RASC will be delivering a paper outlining the evolution of the RASC LPA program and will also be involved with media promotion of this international event. Note that if any Centres wish to contribute their experiences to the RASC program, they are encouraged to contact the LPA Committee Chair prior to August 15th so it can be included in the paper presentation.
Lineup for Astronomy Rendezvous 2007
The 7th Annual Fall Astronomy Rendezvous will take place on November 17th this year and once again be located at Universite de Moncton. Held in conjunction with the Annual meeting of the New Brunswick Centre, the event is comprised of several talks, door prizes, raffle draw and swap session.
Three Centres to Receive Grants from Centre Projects Fund
The trustees of the Centre Projects Fund announced at the RASC General Assembly the award of three grants totalling $2,034 to the Hamilton, New Brunswick and Winnipeg Centres in support of their public outreach and member services.
RASC Members Elected to Board Pilot Committee
At the National Council meeting held in Calgary, AB on June 28th, seven members of the Society were elected to the Board Pilot Committee. These members will join the National Executive in setting strategic direction and priorities for the Society for a one-year trial period beginning June 29, 2007.
Here is the list of the new appointees to the committee:
Randy Attwood (Mississauga)
Brian Battersby (Prince George)
The Sky This Month - July 2007
The Archer's Many Targets
Alan Dyer to Receive Simon Newcomb Award
Alan Dyer, a long-time member of the Calgary Centre and noted astronomy author has been selected as the recipient of the Simon Newcomb Award in 2007. This award will be presented at the General Assembly in Calgary later in June.
CHU Shortwave Signal to Continue
Canada's time-signal station, CHU, is now making the following brief announcement during even-numbered minutes: "CHU has been licensed to continue broadcasting on 7.335 MHz." (The same message is heard in French during odd-numbered minutes.) To those who made known your concerns to the National Research Council regarding the possible loss of this valuable transmission—on a frequency best heard at night, when astronomers dabble in their "occult phenomena"—the effort appears to have succeeded.
Canadians Contribute to Puckett Supernova Search
A new year has brought much success to The Puckett Observatory World Supernova Search. With over 10 Canadians on the team there has been a steady flow over the last few years of announcements involving those members in discoveries. Last year the international team discovered 29 supernovae, this was considered to be a slow year!
The Sky This Month - June 2007
The Herdsman and the Snake
My Own Space Telescope - Call for Proposals Announced!
RASC member and Principal Investigator of the MOST telescope project Jaymie Matthews announced at the 2007 RASC General Assembly that proposals are now being accepted from the amateur astronomy community for time on Canada's own space telescope - the MOST microsatellite.


text:
genpill.info
Adam Brody Reveals the Sweet Ways He's Kept Daughter Arlo, 5, Busy at Home During Quarantine
Entertaining his daughter during quarantine was a full-time gig for Adam Brody.
The Promising Young Woman actor, 41, shares daughter Arlo Day, 5, and a son with wife Leighton Meester, and he tells WSJ. Magazine that he spent "a lot" of time playing dolls with his girl while at home during the pandemic, as well as plenty of board games.
"Go Fish was big for a while. We've stepped it up to Monopoly Junior. A little piano, a little karaoke," he says of their family entertainment of late. "[Our daughter] has flirted with wanting to learn to ride a bike without training wheels and then kind of backs away when it gets real. And then a lot of walks through the neighborhood."
"And a lot of role-playing, me in particular with my daughter," Brody continues. "The books we read change too, and that's fun. Other new hobbies? Honestly, we're just beach bums. There was a doll she would play [with] that she'd want me to do a voice for, and she ditched the doll [and just wants me] to do that voice."
"Then she'll incorporate that character into a grander game she's playing," the dad adds. "We've watched a lot of The Sound of Music over this break, so she'll be Brigitta. [And I'm] just playing kids mostly — she likes it when I'm the younger kid, so she can tell me what's what!"
Never miss a story — sign up for PEOPLE's free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer, from juicy celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.
Adam Brody Opens Up About Welcoming Son with Leighton Meester: 'It's Been Magical'
In October, Brody opened up to PEOPLE about welcoming his second child. "It's been pretty magical," he said. "It's such a crazy time for everyone and we're so, so, so fortunate that we have some of the security we do and have the flexibility with our jobs we do. We talk about it all the time and we're just ridiculously fortunate and lucky."
"To be more or less quarantined during [this] time — the last trimester of pregnancy and the fourth trimester, if you will — has its benefits," added Brody. "You've gotten to be in a cocoon. The world outside is scary for the moment and also thrilling and hopeful."
"For us, luckily in this time in our lives, this moment in our lives, this family growing by one has definitely had its magical moments and it's had its benefits, for sure," he said.
Quarantine Trends: Everything That's Gone Viral During the Pandemic
The father of two said he hasn't noticed "any differences yet in terms of" having a son versus a daughter, "but I can certainly already tell the differences in personality."
"There are things my daughter, the way she is now, you retrace it and you go, 'Oh yeah, that was you at 6 weeks. You had that personality trait,' " The O.C. alum said. "Not that you can deduce everything from a 2-month-old, but a lot of things carry over, in my experience. We're picking up on differences, for sure, and all good. We're so lucky."
Arlo, meanwhile, is "very excited" and "very happy" to be a big sister — and Brody and Meester, 34, have "made sure we get to spend a lot of time together as a family."
"With my wife certainly preoccupied more than usual these last six months, I've even gotten to spend extra time with [Arlo]," Brody told PEOPLE. "It's been magical, and I'll remember it for the rest of my life."
Author mediabestPosted on 12/21/2020 Categories Family HealthTags Adam Brody, Leighton Meester, Movie Celebrities, Movie News, News, Parenting, Parents, quarantine, TV
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text:
From £22.00* includes booking fee
Take your seats, please, for the latest in Celtic Connections' celebrated series of traditional terpsichorean extravaganzas, hosted by a lavish line-up of top talents in the field. Renowned for his tradition-steeped yet youthful approach, accordionist Tom Orr helms the aptly-named Mega Ceilidh Dance Band, a specially-expanded version of his regular six-piece line-up. Orr appears again in Manus McGuire's Copperplate Sessions, named for the Sligo-born, Clare-based fiddler's highly-praised 2018 album (described the Irish Echo as "simply outstanding"), which features music from Orkney, Shetland and Canada alongside Irish tunes. Also among its mainly Scottish guest-list, and on the bill tonight, is renowned dance-band fiddler Marie Fielding. Yet more A-list attractions include the Robert Black Scottish Dance Band, special guest John Carmichael, and Gary Innes Highland Dance Band, together with rising-star fiddle/accordion duo Ellie McLaren and Callum Cruickshank.
2 Sauchiehall Street


A 10-year study of humpback dolphins finds that romance is flourishing in the waters off Australia.
While humans may court one another with gifts of flowers or maybe jewelry, male dolphins aren't that different; just swap red roses for sea sponges. This is according to scientists who studied Australian humpback dolphins (Sousa sahulensis) between the years 2008 and 2017 along a stretch of tropical Western Australian coastline.
Not only did the researchers document numerous occasions of male dolphins presenting – and sometimes tossing – sea sponge specimens to females, but they also often performed a show of strength. Much like a strongman pose, the so-called "banana pose" is a distinct physical posturing in which the animal appears to flex, with the rostrum, head and, sometimes tail rising above the water surface. Oh, and sometimes there was trumpeting from the blowhole as well – because when gifts and machisimo don't work, why not make some noise?
We report on multi-modal sexual displays involving object presentation by males in a non-human mammal. Some male Sousa present marine sponges and engage in physical posturing and acoustic displays. Our data suggest that marine sponge presenting in Sousa is part of a sexual display rather than, for example, a form of object play or foraging.
Photo: (a) Adult male Sousa presenting a large marine sponge in proximity to adult females (F. Smith); (b) Adult male Sousa tossing a sponge toward an adult female (A. Brown); (c) Adult male Sousa (right of frame) performing "banana pose" in proximity to adult female (A. Brown); (d) Adult male Sousa physically posturing and emitting a trumpeting sound (for ca. 30 seconds) while swimming immediately behind an adult female (S. Allen).
Interestingly, the choice of marine sponge is significant as it speaks to a particular male's vigor, agility and intelligence. Large marine sponges are not easily pried from their substrate and often contain chemical defenses.
Sponges may therefore require dexterity and strength to remove, while conceivably exposing the dolphin to both discomfort from chemical defences and greater risk of shark attack while otherwise engaged. Obtaining and presenting the sponge may also represent a signal of cognitive ability, thereby indirectly indicating male quality where higher cognitive performance is linked to male mating success.
Remarkably, the study also documents how male dolphins work together in pairs in order for one of them to mate with a female. It is unusual to see such alliances in a sexual context, note the authors, because conception cannot be shared. In humans, we might call number two the wingman – but in non-human animals it is rare. Which is all to say, dolphins keep revealing more behavior that we humans can relate to.
What's your sleep animal … wolf, lion, bear or dolphin?


text:
\section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}

\indent In a recent work Roethlisberger et al., Ref.~\onlinecite{roethlisberger}, proposed a scheme to generate maximally entangled Greenberger- Horne- Zeilinger~\cite{ghz} (GHZ) state as a ground state of a three spin system. The spins were arranged in a triangular geometry and assumed to interact ferromagnetically. With ferromagnetic interaction the degenerate ground state is maximally spin polarized, with two $ |\uparrow \uparrow \uparrow>$ and $|\downarrow \downarrow \downarrow>$ configurations. When radial in- plane magnetic field is applied the two spin polarized configurations form the two GHZ states $ |GHZ^{\pm}>={1 \over{\sqrt{2}}}(|\uparrow \uparrow \uparrow> \pm |\downarrow \downarrow \downarrow>)$. Such GHZ ground states of spin molecules could be used as long lived sources of entanglement~\cite{bohm,nielsenchuang}. One can envisage using lateral triple quantum dot molecules\cite{gaudreau,korkusinski1,gimenez} with one electron on each dot to realize a three spin system. However, the spin-spin interaction in quantum dot molecules is necessarily anti-ferromagnetic and such a simple quantum dot molecule is not possible. Here we propose more complex molecule which uses auxiliary quantum dots to effectively change the spin-spin interaction to ferromagnetic and generate the maximally entangled GHZ state as its ground state.\\

\indent Theoretical proposals to realize GHZ states in solid state systems include, e.g., spin systems~\cite{roethlisberger}, excitons in coupled dots~\cite{quiroga}, two-level atoms in a non-resonant cavity~\cite{zheng} and superconducting flux qubits~\cite{kim}. The GHZ states have been experimentally realized using photons~\cite{bouwmeesterpan}, in atomic systems using three Rydberg atoms~\cite{rauschenbeutel} and very recently maximally entangled GHZ states have been realized in solid state
system using superconducting qubits~\cite{neeley,dicarlo}. We refer the reader to Refs.~\onlinecite{neeley,dicarlo} for full initialization, characterization and read out of GHZ states.\\

\indent In this paper, we propose a theoretical model of six coupled quantum dots~\cite{korkusinski1,gimenez,hawrylak1,jacaksachrajda} with interacting electrons to generate the GHZ state as a ground state. The model consists of three equally spaced quantum dots with one electron spin each. The anti-ferromagnetic interaction of each pair of localized spins is modified by connecting each pair of spins to an auxiliary quantum dot with two electrons. In Ref.~\onlinecite{shim2} it was shown that the effective interaction between two electrons in two quantum dots i.e., one electron in each of the two quantum dots, can be changed from anti- ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic by connecting them to a third (auxiliary) doubly occupied quantum dot and applying a bias to the auxiliary quantum dot. Thus it was shown that there exists a set of parameters for which such a triple quantum dot molecule with four electrons can be thought of as effectively two localized electron spins interacting ferromagnetically. Following this idea we propose here a quantum dot molecule consisting of three dots with one electron each and three auxiliary dots with two electrons each which effectively realizes the ferromagnetically coupled three spin cluster. Using Hubbard model and exact diagonalization techniques we show that the ground state of such a molecule in a radial magnetic field is indeed a GHZ state.\\

\indent The structure of the paper is organized as follows. In Section~\ref{sec:tpsys} we examine the proposed setup for generating highly entangled states in a three spin system interacting ferromagnetically with each other and coupled to a radial in- plane magnetic field. We clarify the role of applied magnetic field in generating the GHZ states using the degenerate perturbation theory. In Section~\ref{sec:qdm} we propose a quantum dot molecule consisting of six quantum dots with nine electrons and micro-magnets to generate radial in- plane magnetic field creating the maximally entangled GHZ state as its ground state. We describe the system, its Hamiltonian and ground state phase diagram. The last section~\ref{sec:sumconc} contains summary and conclusions.\\

\section{\label{sec:tpsys} Generating GHZ state in a three spin system}
We begin with an analysis of the three spin system to create the maximally entangled states as outlined in Ref.~\onlinecite{roethlisberger}. The three spins $\frac{1}{2}$ placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle lying in the \textit{xy} plane as shown in left panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:tmod} are described by an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:isoheisham}
\textrm{H}_{\textrm{H}} = -\textrm{J} \sum_{\textrm{i=1}}^{3} \textbf{S}_{\textrm{i}} \cdot \textbf{S}_{\textrm{i+1}} \hspace*{1.35cm} (\textbf{S}_{4} = \textbf{S}_{1})
\end{equation}

where it is assumed that the exchange coupling $\textrm{J}$ is ferromagnetic ($\textrm{J}>0$) and $\textbf{S}_i = {\hbar \over{2}}(\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{\textrm{i}},\sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{\textrm{i}}, \sigma^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{i}})$ is a vector consisting of Pauli matrices,
$\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{\textrm{i}} =
\left( \begin{array}{cc}
0 & 1 \\
1 & 0 \\
\end{array} \right)$,
$\sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{\textrm{i}} =
\left( \begin{array}{cc}
0 & -i \\
i & 0 \\
\end{array} \right)$ and
$\sigma^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{i}} =
\left( \begin{array}{cc}
1 & 0 \\
0 & -1 \\
\end{array} \right)$
acting on sites i (=1,2,3). Here $\hbar$ is reduced Planck constant.

\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering
\vspace*{0.6cm}
\includegraphics[height=5.0cm,width=8.5cm]{fig1}
\vspace*{0.4cm}
\caption{\label{fig:tmod} (Color online) Schematic showing two views of three localized electron spins \textbf{S}$_{\textrm{i}}$ (i=1,2,3) arranged in a triangular geometry and interacting ferromagnetically with each other. The two bar magnets at the triangle centroid are placed on top of each other generating a radial magnetic field \textbf{B}$_{\textrm{i}}$. Figure on the left shows the top view of such a system and the right panel exhibits the lateral view. The magnetic field lines are also shown.}
\end{figure}

\indent We write the Hamiltonian, given in Eq.~\ref{eq:isoheisham}, in the basis of tensor product of states at each site. For example, the Pauli matrices are written in such a local basis. Thus the Hamiltonian in the basis set $\big\{ |\uparrow \uparrow \uparrow>, |\uparrow \uparrow \downarrow>, |\uparrow \downarrow \uparrow>, |\uparrow \downarrow \downarrow>, |\downarrow \uparrow \uparrow>, |\downarrow \uparrow \downarrow>, |\downarrow \downarrow \uparrow> \textrm{and} |\downarrow \downarrow \downarrow>\big\}$ is a 8 x 8 matrix.\\

\indent Exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian  matrix in the basis of $8$ states yields two quadruplet levels corresponding to total spin $S=3/2$ and total spin $S=1/2$. We write the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian in Eq.~\ref{eq:isoheisham} as $|\alpha, \textrm{S}, \textrm{S}^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{t}}>$ where $\alpha$ is the index of the eigenstate, $\textrm{S}$ the total spin and $\textrm{S}^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{t}}$ the z-component of total spin of the system. \\

\indent The ground state $S=3/2$ quadruplet consists of the following four eigenstates with eigenvalue $-\frac{3}{4}\textrm{J}$,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas1}
\bigg|1, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{3}{2}\bigg> = |\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow>
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas2}
\bigg|2, \frac{3}{2}, -\frac{3}{2}\bigg> = |\downarrow\downarrow\downarrow>
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas3}
\bigg|3, \frac{3}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\bigg> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\downarrow\uparrow\uparrow> + |\uparrow\downarrow\uparrow> + |\uparrow\uparrow\downarrow>\big]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas4}
\bigg|4, \frac{3}{2}, -\frac{1}{2}\bigg> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\uparrow\downarrow\downarrow> + |\downarrow\uparrow\downarrow> + |\downarrow\downarrow\uparrow>\big]
\end{equation}

The four states correspond to the two distinct classes~\cite{dueracin} of highly entangled states of a tripartite qubit system. As will be shown below, the mixed $|$1$>$ and $|$2$>$ states form the two states of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger class $\big[|\textrm{GHZ}^{\pm}>=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\big(|\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow> \pm |\downarrow\downarrow\downarrow>\big)\big]$ while $|$3$>$ and $|$4$>$ belong to the W class~\cite{neeley}.\\

\indent The excited quadruplet with total spin $S=1/2$ and eigenvalue $+\frac{3}{4}\textrm{J}$ comprises of the following four chiral states~\cite{hawrylak1,subrahmanyam},

\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas5}
\bigg|5, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\bigg> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\downarrow\uparrow\uparrow> +  e^{\frac{i2\pi}{3}}|\uparrow\downarrow\uparrow> + e^{\frac{i4\pi}{3}}|\uparrow\uparrow\downarrow>\big]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas6}
\bigg|6, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\bigg> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\downarrow\uparrow\uparrow> +  e^{-\frac{i2\pi}{3}}|\uparrow\downarrow\uparrow> + e^{-\frac{i4\pi}{3}}|\uparrow\uparrow\downarrow>\big]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas7}
\bigg|7, \frac{1}{2}, -\frac{1}{2}\bigg> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\uparrow\downarrow\downarrow> + e^{\frac{i2\pi}{3}}|\downarrow\uparrow\downarrow> + e^{\frac{i4\pi}{3}}|\downarrow\downarrow\uparrow>\big]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bas8}
\bigg|8, \frac{1}{2}, -\frac{1}{2}\bigg> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\uparrow\downarrow\downarrow> + e^{-\frac{i2\pi}{3}}|\downarrow\uparrow\downarrow> + e^{-\frac{i4\pi}{3}}|\downarrow\downarrow\uparrow>\big]
\end{equation}

\indent These chiral states are the eigenstates of chirality operator $\chi=\textbf{S}_{1} \cdot (\textbf{S}_{2} \times \textbf{S}_{3})$ as described in Ref.~\onlinecite{hsieh}. The states have the spin ( $\uparrow$ and $\downarrow$ ) currents going in two different ( $\circlearrowright$ and $\circlearrowleft$ ) directions. \\

\indent For simplicity we shall shift the overall energy scale by $\frac{3}{4}\textrm{J}$ with the energy of the ground state quadruplet as the reference energy. In order to obtain one of the two GHZ states as a ground state of the system we need to apply a perturbation which will mix the states $|$1$>$ and $|$2$>$ while separating them from the remaining two W states, $|$3$>$ and $|$4$>$, thus splitting the degenerate eigenspace of the lower quadruplet. As was shown in Ref.~\onlinecite{roethlisberger} this can be accomplished by  applying an in- plane radial magnetic field. \\

\indent We now apply the radial magnetic field $\textbf{B}$ as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:tmod}. The Hamiltonian $\textrm{H}_{\textrm{B}} = \textrm{g}_{\textrm{e}} \mu_{\textrm{B}} \sum_{i} \textbf{B}_{\textrm{i}} \cdot \textbf{S}_{\textrm{i}}$ describing the coupling of the spins to an externally applied in- plane radial magnetic field generated using the two bar magnets placed with similar poles~\cite{note1} facing each other as shown in the right panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:tmod}, reads

\begin{equation}\label{eq:radham}
\textrm{H}_{\textrm{B}} = \textrm{b} \bigg[ \sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{1} \bigg] + \textrm{b} \bigg[ -\frac{1}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{2} -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{2} \bigg] + \textrm{b} \bigg[ -\frac{1}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{3} +\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{3} \bigg]
\end{equation}

where $\textrm{b} = \frac{\textrm{g}_\textrm{e}\mu_{\textrm{B}}\textrm{B}\hbar}{2}$ is an effective magnetic field with $\textrm{g}_{\textrm{e}}$ an effective electron g- factor in the plane of a quantum dot, $\mu_{\textrm{B}}$ the Bohr magneton and B the strength of the radial magnetic field at the quantum dot position. The effective magnetic field 'b' is simply related to Zeeman energy splitting $2 \textrm{b} = \Delta \textrm{E}_\textrm{z}$ for a given external magnetic field 'B'. And $\textbf{S}_{\textrm{i}}$ is a vector denoting the spin at quantum dot ``i'' with Pauli matrices as components along x and y directions.\\

\indent The complete Hamiltonian of the three spin system in an external magnetic field is given as

\begin{equation}\label{eq:fullham}
\textrm{H} = \textrm{H}_{\textrm{H}} + \textrm{H}_{\textrm{B}}.
\end{equation}

\indent The physical meaning of the radial magnetic field is best described by its action on the spin polarized state:

\begin{equation}\label{eq:1to6}
\textrm{H}_{\textrm{B}} |\uparrow\uparrow\uparrow> =  \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\big[ |\downarrow\uparrow\uparrow> +  e^{-\frac{i2\pi}{3}}|\uparrow\downarrow\uparrow> + e^{-\frac{i4\pi}{3}}|\uparrow\uparrow\downarrow>\big]
\end{equation}

\indent Thus the radial in- plane magnetic field simultaneously flips the spins and adds a phase factor in such a way as to generate a chiral state $|6>$ with $\textrm{S}=1/2, \textrm{S}^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{t}} = +1/2$ and momentum $k = 2 \pi/3$. In a similar way $\textrm{H}_\textrm{B}$ couples state $|6>$ ($\textrm{S}^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{t}} = +1/2, k = 2\pi/3$) with state $|7>$ ( $\textrm{S}^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{t}} = -1/2, k = -2 \pi/3$ ) and state $|7>$ with spin polarized state $|2>$ with ($\textrm{S}^{\textrm{z}}_{\textrm{t}} = -3/2, k = 0$). The transition from state $|1>$ to state $|2>$ is a third order process in $b$. The final effective Hamiltonian for the two spin polarized states ($|$1$>$ and $|$2$>$) and the two chirality states ($|$6$>$ and $|$7$>$) reads,
\begin{center}
$\left(\begin{array}{cc|cc}
0 & 0 & \textrm{b}\sqrt{3} & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & \textrm{b}\sqrt{3} \\
\hline
\textrm{b}\sqrt{3} & 0 & \frac{3}{2}\textrm{J} & \textrm{2b} \\
0 & \textrm{b}\sqrt{3} & \textrm{2b} & \frac{3}{2}\textrm{J} \\
\end{array}\right)$\\
\end{center}

\indent With the radial magnetic field (second term in Eq.~\ref{eq:fullham}) treated as a perturbation, the degenerate perturbation theory~\cite{loewdin} leads to an effective 2 x 2 Hamiltonian matrix ($\mathnormal{H}^{eff}$) in the subspace of spin polarized S=$\frac{3}{2}$ states,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:effham}
\mathnormal{H}^{eff} =
\left( \begin{array}{cc}
0 & \frac{8\textrm{b}^{3}}{3\textrm{J}^{2}} \\
\frac{8\textrm{b}^{3}}{3\textrm{J}^{2}} & 0 \\
\end{array} \right)
\end{equation}

\indent The effective Hamiltonian is that of a two level system with tunneling $T= \frac{8\textrm{b}^{3}}{3\textrm{J}^{2}}$ proportional to the third power of the external magnetic field 'b' . After diagonalization of the matrix in Eq.~\ref{eq:effham} we obtain as the ground state the GHZ state $ |GHZ^{+}>={1 \over{\sqrt{2}}}(|\uparrow \uparrow \uparrow> + |\downarrow \downarrow \downarrow>$ with energy $-\frac{8\textrm{b}^{3}}{3\textrm{J}^{2}}$, separated from the second GHZ state by $2 T = \frac{16\textrm{b}^{3}}{3\textrm{J}^{2}}$ as also obtained in Ref.~\onlinecite{roethlisberger}.\\

\indent The energy splitting of the two GHZ states can be also written in terms of exchange coupling $\textrm{J}$ and the Zeeman energy as $ 2 T = \frac{2}{3} (\Delta \textrm{E}_\textrm{z})(\frac{\Delta \textrm{E}_\textrm{z}}{\textrm{J}})^2$. For GaAs $\Delta \textrm{E}_\textrm{z}$=20 $\mu$eV in the field of B=1 Tesla. The exchange coupling measured for coupled lateral GaAs quantum dots is comparable to Zeeman splitting as J$\sim$20 $\mu$eV~\cite{johnson}. Hence in lateral devices the two GHZ states can be separated on the order of Zeeman energy, i.e., several $\mu$ eV. The full discussion of physical parameters in gated and self-assembled quantum dot is deferred to the end of Section~\ref{sec:qdm}.\\

\indent In the next section we discuss how spins of electrons in a quantum dot molecule can be used to realize the GHZ states in solid state quantum dot molecules. \\

\section{\label{sec:qdm} Quantum Dot Molecule}

\indent A lateral triple quantum dot molecule (TQDM)~\cite{korkusinski1,gimenez,shim2,gaudreau,schroeer,hawrylak2,delgado} with one electron per dot is the simplest realization of the three spin system  discussed in the previous section. Assuming a single orbital per dot and arbitrary occupation, as shown in Refs.~\onlinecite{korkusinski1,gimenez} the quantum dot molecule can be described by an extended Hubbard Hamiltonian,

\begin{align}\label{eq:tqdham}
\mathcal{H}^{\textrm{QDM}} \nonumber
& = \sum_{\substack{\textrm{i=1} \\ \tau}}^{\textrm{N}} \epsilon_{\textrm{i}} \textrm{n}_{\textrm{i}\tau} - \sum_{\substack{\textrm{i,j=1} \\ \tau}}^{\textrm{N}} \textrm{t}_{\textrm{ij}} ( \textrm{c}_{\textrm{i}\tau}^{\dagger} \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\tau} + h.c.) + \textrm{U} \sum_{\substack{\textrm{i=1} \\ \tau}}^{\textrm{N}} \textrm{n}_{\textrm{i}\tau} \textrm{n}_{\textrm{i}-\tau} \nonumber \\
& + \sum_{\textrm{i,j=1}}^{\textrm{N}} \textrm{V}_{\textrm{ij}} \rho_{\textrm{i}} \rho_{\textrm{j}}
\end{align}

where N is the number quantum dots ( N$=3$ for TQDM), c$_{\textrm{i}\tau}^{\dagger}$ (c$_{\textrm{i}\tau}$) is the creation (annihilation) operator of an electron with spin $\tau (= \uparrow,\downarrow)$ at i-th QD , n$_{\textrm{i}\tau}$(= c$_{\textrm{i}\tau}^{\dagger}$c$_{\textrm{i}\tau}$) is the spin- dependent electron occupation number, $\rho_{\textrm{i}}$(=$\sum_{\tau} \textrm{n}_{\textrm{i}\tau}$) is the total occupation number at site ``i'', $\epsilon_{\textrm{i}}$ is the on- site energy, t$_\textrm{ij}$ is the inter- dot tunneling matrix element between nearest neighboring dots ``i'' and ``j'', U$_{\textrm{i}}$ is the intra- dot and V$_{\textrm{ij}}$ the inter- dot Coulomb repulsion between the nearest neighboring dots and \textit{h.c.} means hermitian conjugate. \\

\indent At half-filling the  Hubbard Hamiltonian reduces to an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian but with anti-ferromagnetic exchange coupling~\cite{korkusinski1,gimenez}, $\sim 4 \textrm{t}^2 /\textrm{U}$, and the ground state (GS) is in the subspace of total spin S=$\frac{1}{2}$. Thus it is not possible to tune the GS of the system to a maximally spin polarized subspace of S=$\frac{3}{2}$ where the GHZ states reside. However, it was shown~\cite{korkusinski1,shim2} that triple quantum dot molecule with four electrons, which corresponds to two holes, has a spin polarized ground state. When one of the dots is biased, it contains two spin singlet electrons while the two remaining electrons, localized on the two remaining dots, are coupled ferromagnetically. Biasing the dot further effectively decouples this dot and leaves the remaining two dots with one electron each in a spin singlet state, i.e., coupled anti-ferromagnetically.\\

\indent Hence it is in principle possible to design a half- filled TQDM combined with auxiliary doubly occupied quantum dots in order to generate an effective ferromagnetic coupling of spins in the TQDM. If this is accomplished then we can realize the GHZ states in such a quantum dot molecule by applying a radial in- plane magnetic field as explained in the previous section. \\

\indent In what follows we propose two design structures, namely a six and a four quantum dot molecule as shown on the left and right side of Fig.~\ref{fig:sfqdm} respectively. While studied both, we discuss in detail the six quantum dot molecule because it might be difficult to fabricate a triangular quantum dot structure with a central auxiliary dot in the middle.\\

\begin{figure}[!htbp]
\centering
\vspace*{0.6cm}
\includegraphics[height=5.0cm,width=5.0cm]{fig2a}
\hfill
\includegraphics[height=2.75cm,width=2.75cm]{fig2b}
\vspace*{0.4cm}
\caption{\label{fig:sfqdm} (Color online) \textit{Left}: Schematic of a six dot molecule with dots labelled (1,2,3) forming the central triple quantum dot molecule and dots (4,5,6) are the auxiliary dots. \textit{Right}: A four dot molecule structure with dot 4 being an additional dot introduced to the triple quantum dot molecule (1,2,3).}
\end{figure}

\indent We form a six quantum dot molecule (SQDM) by bringing three doubly occupied dots labelled (4,5,6) close to the  central~\cite{note2} triangle (1,2,3) of singly occupied dots, for a total of nine electrons. The Hamiltonian for SQDM, $\mathcal{H}^{\textrm{SQD}}$, is given in Eq.~\ref{eq:tqdham} for N=6. We consider t$_{\textrm{ij}}$=t and V$_{\textrm{ij}}$=V for central triangle \{i,j\} = \{1,2,3\} and t$_{\textrm{ij}}$=t' and V$_{\textrm{ij}}$=V' for all other dots as shown in left panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:sfqdm}.\\

\indent We create all $220$ $\textrm{N}_\textrm{e}=9$ electron configurations $\prod_{\textrm{i},\sigma} \textrm{c}_{\textrm{i},\sigma}^+ |0>$, construct the Hamiltonian matrix and diagonalize it numerically to obtain the energy spectrum and eigenvectors. In the absence of the magnetic field  the z- component of the total spin is a good quantum number giving the Hamiltonian matrix in a block diagonal form. The Hilbert space dimensions of the blocks in the subspace of z- component of total spin S$_{\textrm{t}}^{\textrm{z}}$=$\pm \frac{1}{2}$  and S$_{\textrm{t}}^{\textrm{z}}$=$\pm \frac{3}{2}$ are 90 and 20 respectively. Each block is numerically diagonalized so as to obtain the GS of the system as a function of the Hubbard parameters. \\

\indent In our calculations we assume $\epsilon_{1} = \epsilon_{2} = \epsilon_{3} = 0$ i.e., the dots $(1,2,3)$ are on resonance. The energy $\epsilon_{4} = \epsilon_{5} = \epsilon_{6} = \epsilon$ of auxiliary dots is varied by applied gate voltage. We consider the regime U $\gg$ t,V with constant value of U=2.0, V=0.1 as considered earlier~\cite{shim1}. We vary inter- dot Coulomb repulsion and tunneling between central and auxiliary dots as 0 $<$ V' $<$ V and 0 $<$ t' $<$ t. All the parameters are in the unit of effective Rydberg defined by $\textit{Ry} = m^{*}e^{4} / 2\epsilon^{2}\hbar^{2}$ where $m^{*}$ is the electron effective mass, $e$ the electron charge, $\epsilon$ the dielectric constant of a material. For example in case of GaAs the effective Rydberg is estimated to be about 6 meV.\\

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\vspace*{0.6cm}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm,width=7.0cm]{fig3}
\vspace*{0.4cm}
\caption{\label{fig:ccfsdm} (Color online) Dominant charge configuration in the subspace of total spin S=$\frac{3}{2}$ and z- component of total spin S$_{\textrm{t}}^{\textrm{z}}$=$\frac{3}{2}$ for a six dot molecule with nine electrons.}
\end{figure}

\indent The GS of the system is a linear superposition of the basis used to construct the Hamiltonian matrix in that given subspace. For certain parameters the GS contains the spin polarized configuration with spins localized on the three dots. This is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:ccfsdm} which shows the dominant configuration, with probability 0.9289 for the GS in the subspace of total spin S=$\frac{3}{2}$ and z- component of total spin S$_{\textrm{t}}^{\textrm{z}}$=$\frac{3}{2}$ obtained for parameters $\epsilon = -0.05$, U=2.0, V=0.1, t=0.05, V'=0.094, t'=0.05. It is clearly seen that the three electron spins are localized on the triangle of dots $(1,2,3)$ forming the ferromagnetically coupled three spin system and the auxiliary dots $(4,5,6)$ are doubly occupied, driving the GS of the quantum dot molecule to be in the maximally spin polarized subspace. \\

\begin{figure*}[!htbp]
\includegraphics[height=11.0cm,width=14.0cm]{fig4}
\caption{\label{fig:phdia} (Color online) Phase diagram of ground state (GS) overlap probability with a state of dominant charge configuration in the subspace of S=$\frac{3}{2}$ for a six quantum dot molecule is shown as a function of t'/t and V'/V. The individual view graphs are for different values of hopping element, t and the on- site energy, $\epsilon$, at dots (4,5,6). The lower area in each graph (green in color) denotes the GS is in subspace of total spin S=$\frac{1}{2}$ and its overlap is zero. The number in each graph corresponds to the maximum value of the overlap probability at the point given in the bracket.}
\end{figure*}

\indent We define a state corresponding to the dominant charge configuration in the subspace of z- component of total spin S$_{\textrm{t}}^{\textrm{z}}$=$\frac{3}{2}$ as,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:dcfu}
|\textrm{US}> = | (\uparrow_{1}\uparrow_{2}\uparrow_{3})(\uparrow_{4}\downarrow_{4}\uparrow_{5}\downarrow_{5}\uparrow_{6}\downarrow_{6})>,
\end{equation}

with similar definition for the dominant charge configuration in the subspace of z- component of total spin S$_{\textrm{t}}^{\textrm{z}}$=$-\frac{3}{2}$ as,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:dcfd}
|\textrm{DS}> = | (\downarrow_{1}\downarrow_{2}\downarrow_{3})(\uparrow_{4}\downarrow_{4}\uparrow_{5}\downarrow_{5}\uparrow_{6}\downarrow_{6})>,
\end{equation}

\indent We now determine the set of parameters for which the SQDM describes the three spin system well, i.e. we calculate the overlap probability, at zero magnetic field ($\textrm{B}=0$),

\begin{equation}\label{eq:ovpwtbf}
\textrm{P}_{\textrm{B=0}} = |<\textrm{GS}|\textrm{US}>|^{2}
\end{equation}

of the numerically obtained GS with state $|\textrm{US}\rangle$ as a function of parameters. The non-zero overlap probability  as a function of parameters t,t',V' and $\epsilon$ for fixed U,V, determines the phase diagram, region in parameter space where the three electrons are localized on the three dots and interact ferromagnetically. The result of numerical calculation for U=2.0 and V=0.1 is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:phdia}.\\

\indent We observe that for a fixed value of t, if we vary $\epsilon$ the region of GS in maximally spin polarized subspace gets reduced but the maximum value of the overlap probability increases marginally. This happens because as we lower the on- site energies of the auxiliary dots, the three central dots become isolated from the auxiliary system and behave like half- filled TQDM. And so a higher value of t' is required to have the ground state in maximally spin polarized subspace. Hence the region belonging to the total spin S=$\frac{3}{2}$ decreases.\\

\indent It is also found that for a fixed $\epsilon$, varying $\textrm{t}$ decreases the maximum value of overlap probability but the region of GS in maximally spin polarized subspace increases. It is because increasing the tunneling, $\textrm{t}$, delocalizes the electrons in the central TQD molecule which decreases the contribution of the spin polarized configuration, Eq.~\ref{eq:dcfu}. But in this scenario even a small value of tunneling t' between the central and auxiliary dots can drive the GS in the maximally spin polarized subspace and so the area comprising of GS in total spin S=$\frac{3}{2}$ increases.\\

\indent It is also observed that the maximum value of overlap probability lies along the border line dividing the regions where the GS is in the subspace of total spin S=$\frac{1}{2}$ (zero probability) and that of total spin S=$\frac{3}{2}$ (finite probability).\\

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\vspace*{0.6cm}
\includegraphics[height=7.0cm,width=8.0cm]{fig5}
\vspace*{0.4cm}
\caption{\label{fig:sqdmwbf} (Color online) Schematic depicting top bar magnets (rectangular box shown in blue) with like poles facing each other are placed at the center of the system which generates a radial in- plane magnetic field.}
\end{figure}

\indent Choosing an appropriate set of parameters  can maximize the overlap probability and prepare the GS of the system with spin polarized  charge configuration given in Eq.~\ref{eq:dcfu}. We thus define a GHZ state for the SQDM system as,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:ghz}
|\mathcal{GHZ}^{\pm}> = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} [ |\textrm{US}> \pm |\textrm{DS}> ].
\end{equation}

\indent In order to form one of the states given in Eq.~\ref{eq:ghz} as a GS of the SQDM we apply a radial in- plane magnetic field  as shown in Fig~\ref{fig:sqdmwbf}. The Hamiltonian describing this interaction of the electron spins with external magnetic field is, $\mathcal{H}^{\textrm{B}} = \textrm{g}_{\textrm{e}}\mu_{\textrm{B}} \sum_{\textrm{i=1}}^{6} \textbf{B}_{\textrm{i}} \cdot \textbf{S}_{\textrm{i}}$ and is given as

\begin{align}\label{eq:radhamsqd}
\mathcal{H}^{\textrm{B}} \nonumber
& = \textrm{b} \bigg[ \sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{1} \bigg] + \textrm{b} \bigg[ -\frac{1}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{2} -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{2} \bigg] + \textrm{b} \bigg[ -\frac{1}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{3} +\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{3} \bigg] \nonumber \\
& + \textrm{b} \bigg[ \frac{1}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{4} +\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{4} \bigg] + \textrm{b} \bigg[ \frac{1}{2}\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{5} -\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{5} \bigg] + \textrm{b} \bigg[ -\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{6} \bigg].
\end{align}

\indent The spin operators ($\sigma^{\textrm{x}}$, $\sigma^{\textrm{y}}$) are written in second quantized form as

\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\textrm{x}}_{\textrm{j}} = \frac{1}{2} [\textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\uparrow}^{\dagger} \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\downarrow} + \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\downarrow}^{\dagger} \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\uparrow}]
\end{equation}

\indent and

\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\textrm{y}}_{\textrm{j}} = \frac{i}{2}  [\textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\downarrow}^{\dagger} \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\uparrow} - \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\uparrow}^{\dagger} \textrm{c}_{\textrm{j}\downarrow}].
\end{equation}

\indent We write the complete Hamiltonian for SQDM and an applied external magnetic field as,

\begin{equation}\label{eq:fullhamsqd}
\mathcal{H} = \mathcal{H}^{\textrm{QDM}} + \mathcal{H}^{\textrm{B}}
\end{equation}

and the Hamiltonian matrix is constructed using the same basis as used to create $\mathcal{H}^{\textrm{SQD}}$. But since the magnetic field doesn't preserve the spin rotational symmetry the Hamiltonian matrix in Eq.~\ref{eq:fullhamsqd} is not in a block diagonal form. The dimension of the full Hilbert space is 220. We diagonalize the Hamiltonian matrix for three different values of $\epsilon$ and tuneling matrix element, $\textrm{t}$. These are chosen such that in the absence of an external magnetic field the area covered by the subspace of total spin S=$\frac{3}{2}$ in each view graph of Fig.~\ref{fig:phdia} is i) minimum [$\epsilon$=-0.10,t=0.04)], ii) intermediate [$\epsilon$=-0.05,t=0.05] and iii) maximum [$\epsilon$=0.00,t=0.06]. And for each value of $\epsilon$ and $\textrm{t}$, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian matrix for the parameters ($\frac{\textrm{V'}}{\textrm{V}}$,$\frac{\textrm{t'}}{\textrm{t}}$) where the overlap probability, Eq.~\ref{eq:ovpwtbf}, is maximum. \\

\indent At these points the low energy spectrum of extended Hubbard Hamiltonian resembles the energy spectrum of an isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with four- fold degenerate ground and excited state as discussed in the previous section. For zero magnetic field the energy separation between these two degenerate state is $\frac{3\textrm{J}}{2}$. We use this to find the values of ferromagnetic exchange, $\textrm{J}$, in our Hubbard model for parameters (t,t',V,V',$\epsilon$) mentioned above with fixed U,V and we use it as our energy scale.\\

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\vspace*{0.6cm}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm,width=8.0cm]{fig6}
\vspace*{0.4cm}
\caption{\label{fig:egwbf} (Color online) Energy splitting between the two GHZ states is shown as a function of $\frac{\textrm{2b}}{\textrm{J}}$ for three different values of $\epsilon$, t and J. The stars represent the results as obtained for three spin system, Heisenberg model.}
\end{figure}

\indent For each set of parameters, exact diagonalization of Eq.~\ref{eq:fullhamsqd} yields the two GHZ states as the ground and first excited states of our system. In Section~\ref{sec:tpsys} for Heisenberg system, we have seen that the energy separation between the two GHZ states for finite magnetic field is $\approx \frac{16\textrm{b}^{3}}{3\textrm{J}^{2}}$ where b is the effective strength of magnetic field. Apart from Heisenberg model, we calculate the energy splitting between the two GHZ states for our Hubbard model as a function of $\frac{\textrm{2b}}{\textrm{J}}$ for three different values of $\epsilon$, t and corresponding J. The result is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:egwbf}. We observe that for smaller values of $\frac{\textrm{b}}{\textrm{J}}$, Heisenberg and Hubbard model behaves similarly but for larger values the agreement is worse. But it is also seen (inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:egwbf}) that as we keep on decreasing $\epsilon$ and $t$ the energy gap obtained from the Hubbard model starts approaching the Heisenberg model. This is expected since the value of maximum overlap probability is smallest for ($\epsilon$=0.00,t=0.06) and largest for ($\epsilon$=-0.10,t=0.04).\\

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\vspace*{0.6cm}
\includegraphics[height=6.0cm,width=8.0cm]{fig7}
\vspace*{0.4cm}
\caption{\label{fig:olpgswbf} (Color online) Maximum overlap probability of the ground state with $\mathcal{GHZ}^{+}$ is shown as a function of $\frac{\textrm{2b}}{\textrm{J}}$ for three different values of $\epsilon$, t and J.}
\end{figure}

\indent Using the same set of Hubbard parameters, we also evaluate the maximum overlap probability of the ground state with one of the GHZ state for the SQDM as given in Eq.~\ref{eq:ghz} for finite magnetic field and denote it as

\begin{equation}\label{eq:ovpwbf}
\textrm{P}_{\textrm{B}\neq 0} = |<\textrm{GS}|\mathcal{GHZ}^{+}>|^{2}
\end{equation}

\indent The results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:olpgswbf} as a function of $\epsilon$, $\textrm{t}$ and $\textrm{J}$. We find that as the strength of the effective magnetic field, b, approaches the value of J the GS of the Hubbard model deviates more and more from the GHZ state for SQDM which results in the decrease of the overlap probability.\\

\indent We now turn to the discussion of physical parameters and structures needed for the realization of GHZ generator. Typical parameters leading to an effective ferromagnetic coupling of three spins localized on a triangle, shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:phdia}, involve U=2, V=0.1, t=0.05, t'$\leq$t, V'$\leq$V and a bias $\epsilon$ of the order of tunneling, t. The values currently available for lateral gated quantum dots on GaAs are in the required parameter ranges of U$\sim$2meV, V$\sim$0.1meV, and t$\sim$0.05meV. By building quantum dot networks using individually gated self-assembled quantum dots on nanotemplates~\cite{dalacu} one can envisage reaching values of parameters for self-assembled quantum dots U$\sim$20meV, V$\sim$10meV, t$\sim$10meV which should lead exchange coupling reaching J$\sim$40meV, exceeding room temperature. \\

\indent Finally, we discuss the lifetime of a maximally entangled GHZ state. Since in the proposed scheme GHZ state is the ground state, it is expected to only suffer decoherence and no population decay. If the quantum dot molecule is realized in GaAs, nuclear spins are expected to be the major source of decoherence.  Since the problem of decoherence of the GHZ state is common with a single electron spin, recently developed coherent control of nuclear spins~\cite{folettibluhm} might be expected to be applicable in extending coherence of the GHZ state. This problem will be investigated in the future.\\

\section{\label{sec:sumconc} Summary $\&$ Conclusion}

In summary, we designed and analyzed theoretically a lateral quantum dot molecule combined with a micro-magnet generating a maximally entangled three particle GHZ groundstate. The quantum dot molecule consists of three quantum dots with one electron spin each forming a central equilateral triangle. The anti-ferromagnetic spin-spin interaction is changed to the ferromagnetic interaction by additional doubly occupied quantum dots, one dot near each side of a triangle. Exact diagonalization studies of the Hubbard model of the molecule determine the phase diagram in parameter space and a set of parameters is established for which the ground state of the molecule in a radial magnetic field is well approximated by a GHZ state. \\

\section{\label{sec:ack} Acknowledgment}

\indent The authors thank QuantumWorks and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research for financial support. A.S. would like to thank C. -Y. Hsieh for fruitful discussions and his careful reading of the manuscript.

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Martin John Feveyear (born mid-1966) is a British record producer and audio engineer based in Seattle, Washington. Beginning as a singer-songwriter and musician, Feveyear soon began recording work for artists in both the UK and US before moving to Seattle at the age of 25. Together with Christian Fulghum (former bassist for Sister Psychic), he opened Jupiter Studios in Seattle in 1996. He has since worked with artists and groups — producing, engineering, arranging, mixing, mastering and additional instruments — such as Mark Lanegan, Mudhoney, Duff McKagan's Loaded, Kings of Leon, The Presidents of the United States of America, Queens of the Stone Age, Amber Pacific, Jesse Sykes, Sirens Sister, Green Apple Quick Step, Nevada Bachelors, The Minus 5, and Brandi Carlile, among others.

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text:
Daily GK Update : 8th April 2017
Updated : Apr 8, 2017, 18:30
By : Akanksha Jigyasu
1. 64th National Film Awards announced in New Delhi.
Akshay Kumar was awarded as the Best actor for his movie, 'Rustom'.
'Neeraja' was awarded as the Best Hindi Movie of 2016.
'Dangal' fame, Zaira Wasim bagged the award for Best Supporting Actress. '
'Pink' was named as the 'Best Movie on Social Issues'.
Director, Priyadarshan was the head of the jury for the 64th National Awards.
National Film Awards were constituted in 1954 and are awarded yearly by Directorate of Film Festivals.
2. 'Deendayal Rasoi Yojana' to be launched by CM Shivraj Singh Chauhan.
CM will launch this scheme in 49 districts of Madhya Pradesh.
Under this scheme, people would be provided wholesome meal through canteens that would offer subsidised prices (wholesome meal below Rs. 5/-).
The arrangement is expected to serve almost 2000 people on a regular basis.
Urban Infrastructure Scheme of Chief Minister will provide funds required to set set these canteens/ centres.
3. Rajya Sabha clears bills for roll out of GST Bill.
Rajya Sabha cleared four supporting bills to clear way for GST. These are -
(a) Central Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill
(b) Integrated GST Bill
(c) Compensation GST Bill
(d) Union Territory GST Bill 2017
Lok Sabha has already passed these bills and they will be enacted after President's approval.
GST council will hold a meeting in May in Srinagar to decide how to fit various various goods and services in different tax slabs.
4. North Koel Irrigation Project to be revived by Union Government.
Union Government will revive 45 year old North Koel Irrigation Project in order to facilitate irrigation for almost 1 lakh hectare farmland in Palamu and Daltonganj regions of Jharkhand as well as some neighbouring districts of Bihar.
The cost to revive the project is expected to be around Rs. 1622 crores.
The announcement was made by Union Water Resources Minister, Uma Bharti.
5. India takes over operations of 1 unit of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant.
Russian firm which is based in Moscow and also a subsidiary of ROSATOM State Atomic Energy Corporation, ASE group of Companies handed over the operations of first unit of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant to Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL).
The warranty period and commercial operation of the power plant had started in December 2014.
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is located in Tamil Nadu. Unit I and II of the power plant have a capacity of 1000 MW each while unit III and IV are under construction.
6. Malala Yousafzai set to become youngest UN Messenger of Peace.
United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres will appoint 19 years old Malala as the Messenger of Peace for UN.
As a peace messenger, Malala will help to promote education of girls across the globe.
She is also the youngest recipient of Nobel Peace Prize.
Jane Goodall, Actors Leonardo DiCaprio, Michael Douglas, Musicians Yo Yo Ma, Daniel Barenboim also serve as the Messenger of Peace.
7. New Constitution signed by Thailand King.
Thailand King, Maha Vajiralongkorn signed a new constitution in Bangkok.
This is Thailand's 20th constitution since 1932.
The new constitution is expected to pave way for Democracy while also giving the army a substantial role in politics.
8. WTTC names India as the 7th largest Tourism Economy.
As per the report of World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), India stands at 7th place as a tourism economy in terms of GDP.
Travel and tourism sector recorded growth of Rs. 14.1 trillion (USD 208.9 billion) in 2016, which is 7th largest in the world in terms of size.
The report was presented by President and CEO of WTTC, David Scowsill.
9. Asian development Bank expects Indian Economy to grow to 7.4% in 2017-18.
For financial year 2017-18, Asian Development Bank has projected India's growth forecast at 7.4%.
ADB expects the growth rate to improve to 7.6% in 2018.
India reflected a growth rate of 7.1% for 2016-17.
10. Bhimaraya Metri appointed as the Director of IIM Trichy.
Metri will take over the office from Prafulla Agnihotri, who is also the founding director of IIM Trichy.
Before taking charge as IIM Trichy Director, Metri served as the Dean of L&T Institute of Project Management at Vadodara.
Besides this, he has also served as Professor in-charge of PhD programmes at BITS Pilani, Professor and Dean at MDI Gurgaon, IMI New Delhi as well
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Inventor, certainly, but also a self-confessed thief of others styles and motifs. In The Rake's Progress, the radical Stravinsky reached back to Mozart, Handel and others to craft a score for an 18th-century morality tale (inspired by Hogarth) that uses the conventions of aria and recitative in a totally fresh, 20th-century manner.
Given the hold that productions such as Glyndebourne's have on this piece (who can forget those Hockney sets?) it was good to hear it lifted out of the opera house and onto the concert platform. The LPO has played this opera many times in the past down in Sussex; now, freed from the pit, we could revel in the fine detail of Stravinsky's luminous, idiosyncratic score, and admire the necessarily firm direction of conductor Vladimir Jurowski, who kept everything moving at a cracking pace.
Planning for this event had not been without incident; three of the principals originally advertised had to withdraw – Allan Clayton (Tom Rakewell), Miah Persson (Anne Trulove) and Patricia Bardon (Baba the Turk) – to be replaced by Toby Spence, Sophia Burgos and the countertenor Andrew Watts.
For the most part, they proved inspired choices. Toby Spence sang with his customary warmth and beauty, with a tonal colour perfectly suited to the wide-eyed Rakewell, his voice darkening and hollowing as his character descended into penury and madness. Andrew Watts put in an outrageous turn as a high-camp Baba the Turk, proving highly adept at running in five-inch heels and easily rising above the orchestra with his strong, incisive alto. The same, however, could not be said for sweet-voiced Sophia Burgos. While she portrayed perfectly the faithful innocence of Anne, too often the finer points of her singing were lost in the depths of Stravinsky's orchestral texture.
You feel for singers who have to appear on stage with the bass Matthew Rose. He has a presence that demands attention and a voice so pure, so resonant, so rich that he eclipses all those around him. His Nick Shadow dominated the stage, and yet was never entirely sinister. He's a natural comic and with his too-short trousers and a sleazy, droopy moustache, his Shadow made us laugh far more than tremble.
Kim Begley was suitably pompous as the auctioneer Sellem and Clive Bayley as reliable as ever as Father Trulove. London Voices proved a game chorus of whores, roaring boys, servants, citizens and madmen, singing with admirable precision in whatever guise they found themselves.
Excellent diction throughout underscored the brilliance of WH Auden and Chester Kallman's poetic libretto and having all the principals "off-book" made the evening so much more fluent than traditional concert performances. With the addition of just a few props and some imaginative, but sadly uncredited, direction (using the organ console as Baba's sedan chair, for instance), this was a performance to treasure.