text:
Batman: To Space, Caped Crusader! (1950 to 1959)
— by CHAS BLANKENSHIP —
Surviving the end of the Depression, Batman also successfully maneuvered the pitfalls of potential irrelevance following World War II.
From Commissioner Gordon to Robin to a colorful cast of nefarious villains, the Dark Knight and his team of writers and artists had laid down the foundations of a burgeoning mythology.
But as the 1950s dawned, Batman would soon be faced with his first official sales slump…one that almost single-handedly brought "Detective Comics" to the brink of canceled publication.
With the display of nuclear devastation that aided to and brought the end to the war, the '50s saw a creative culture whose curiosity was sufficiently piqued.
And thusly, film audiences and comic book readers witnessed something truly extraordinary.
The Dawn of the Atomic Age.
The cover of "Batman" #41 had previously featured an alien character in 1947, but the explosive popularity of Science Fiction took Batman and Robin beyond the realm of planet earth with gusto.
Building a Bat-Rocket, the dynamic duo frequently traveled to other planets throughout the cosmos, encountering alien civilizations and alternate realities. One famous cover even featured the Bat-Signal being projected from Gotham onto the moon to summon Batman back to Earth!
Even when they were safely on ground, science fiction elements began to proliferate throughout Batman and Robin's adventures.
In 1952's "Detective Comics" #186, the caped crusader and boy wonder began using a Flying Batcave…a giant hele-carrier equipped with several of the real Cave's computer and scientific amenities.
Several of Batman's new foes of the decade were also very sci-fi oriented…such as Mr. Zero, first introduced in "Batman" #121 in February of 1959.
Equipped with a ray gun that could flash freeze people and objects, Mr. Zero's early designs seemed pulled right out of the pulp magazines featuring Saucer men from another planet.
Mr. Zero, in subsequent appearances, would come to be known by the now-familiar name Mr. Freeze.
In the early months of the decade, attempts had been made to flesh out Batman's supporting characters and villains…while also building the character's "Bat-Family."
Catwoman's origin was accounted first in the '50s…two months later, "Detective Comics" #168 included the story "The Man Behind the Red Hood;" the first documented accounted of the Joker's origin.
But while the decade began with promise, the comic book industry was given a shock.
1953, on record, remains the year of comics' highest sales to date.
A year later, prominent psychologist Dr. Frederic Wertham published his novel "Seduction of the Innocent," in which he attempted to shed light on the catalyst for a recent increase in juvenile delinquency in the United States.
His target? Comic Books.
In his book, Wertham labeled Superman a fascist.
He indicated that Wonder Woman, with her strength and independence, was an inappropriate role model in stark opposition to what girls were supposed to be…namely domesticated servants that should succumb to the dominance of men.
He felt that frequent occurrences of disrespect against authority and acts of violence were impacting young minds.
Wertham even thought that kids staying indoors to read comics and not playing outside led to asthma!
For Batman and Robin, Dr. Wertham felt their partnership was nothing more than wish fulfillment for homosexual men…the idea of dressing in flamboyant costumes and leaping around together, spending their nights on the town.
Despite the utter absurdity of many of Wertham's claims, the U.S. Senate held congressional hearings in 1956 about the doctor's findings.
Fearing government-controlled censorship, the comic industry created the Comics Code Authority…a self-censorship institution that would only allow the books to be published once they had been approved and given the CCA stamp on its cover.
Given the fallout after Wertham's attack, Batman's stories began falling into what several fans have dubbed "The Eisenhower Era." Creative output was still abound, but it became bland…even gimmicky.
One story featured Batman turning into a human fish.
Another had him wearing a different colored Batsuit every night…featuring a Pink Batman, a Green Batman, an Orange Batman and so on.
Yet another featured Batman and Robin taking on an irradiated Rainbow Creature, whose aura could turn the dynamic duo into two-dimensional people.
To deal with the homo-erotic slander, 1956 not only saw the publishing of "Batman" #100, but the introduction of Kathy Kane…a circus acrobat turned crime-fighter called Batwoman meant to populate the books with a feminine presence.
The 'Bat-Family's ranks were also increased with the inclusion of some not-so-human members.
Batman and Robin were joined by Ace the Bathound in "Batman" #92. A loyal Great Dane with his own bat-mask, Ace became such a detective that he had deduced Batman and Robin's identities on his own…by holding up a picture of Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson in his mouth!
Three years later, Mogo…the cape and cowled Bat-Ape (!!!) first appeared in "Batman" #114 in 1958.
The end of the '50s saw the creation of one of the comics' most bizarre oddities, however, with "Detective Comics" #267…and the one and only Bat-Mite!
A mischievous imp from another dimension, Bat-Mite emulated his hero to such a degree that he wore his own Batsuit.
The character, a pest to end all pests, would frequently pop in uninvited and interfere in the caped crusader's work…despite Batman's constant insistence to the contrary.
Truly, the 1950s represent one of the strangest decades for Batman's career as the science fiction elements eventually began to fail the books in their use.
But as with all legacies…things have to get worse before they get better.
Tags: "Batman", DC Comics
Posted 11 Apr 2010 by Other Writers in Features, Superheroes
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SEAN GERSKI #
I love that they responded to Dr. Wertham's charges by having Batman wear even more flamboyant costumes.
moviefan #
50s sure sounds like it was an interesting time for the character.
annielicious14 #
Wow! interesting is a good word. I'll go with that!
Ron Corless #
I thought the 50's Batman comics were the best Batman comics ever because he had a batrocket that could travel to other planets in Batman issue 59 BATMAN IN THE FUTURE and Batman and Robin encoutered aliens and rode in flying saucers to other solar systems in such awesome stories as THE INTERPLANETARY BATMAN & MANHUNT IN OUTER SPACE. I always liked Batman with Robin because of Batman's blue cape and cowl and grey tights and Robin's colorful costume of red green with the yellow cape and the big R on his shirt. And i liked their vehicles the Batmobile,the Batplane,the Batboat and the Bat Rocket. Personally I thought the sci-fi Batman was better than the dark and gritty Batman.
I wish Warner Bros would make a film trilogy based on The Interplanetary Batman,Manhunt in Outer Space and Batman in the Future.


text:
Q: Rendering only a part of text FTGL, OpenGL I'm using FTGL library to render text in my C++ project.
I can easily render text by using:
CFontManager::Instance().renderWrappedText(font, lineLength, position, text);

Unfortunately there is a situation in which this Button which displays text, is partly hidden because of resizing container in which it is situated. I'm able without any problem to draw Button's background to fit the container, but I've got a problem with doing the same with a text. Is it possible to somehow draw only text for given width and the rest just ignore?
This is a screen which presents my problem:

As you can see, the Button "Click here" is being drawn properly, but I can't do the same with "Click here" text.

A: You may try using glScissor like this:
glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
glScissor(windowPosition.x, windowPosition.y, windowWidth, windowHeight);
// here put your draw method of your window and objects inside it
glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);

More info : http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/xhtml/glScissor.xml

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text:
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Home/FAQ/Where is cog hill golf course
Where is cog hill golf course
david tomsMarch 13, 2022
What does slope in golf mean?
How is a golf course slope rating calculated?
How does slope and rating affect handicap?
What is slope in golf handicap?
How does the slope rating work?
Do UK golf courses have a slope rating?
What is my handicap if I shoot 100?
What is a high slope golf?
What is the hardest course in golf?
Is Cog Hill in Lemont or Palos Park?
Is Cog Hill a private course?
What county is Cog Hill in?
Why is it called Cog Hill?
What course should I play at Cog Hill?
Where does PGA play in Illinois?
How many bunkers are at Cog Hill Dubsdread?
How hard is dubsdread?
How old is Frank Jemsek?
Where is Cog Hill family farm located?
What does Jason Smith Cog Hill Farm do for a living?
Where does Cog Hill Farm live?
Where is John Deere golf?
Can the public play the TPC Deere Run?
Where is arms family homestead?
What is Jason Smith's full time job?
What is the prize money in the John Deere Classic?
Who owns TPC Deere golf course?
How long is TPC Deere Run?
What does TOC mean in golf?
What does TBC mean in golf?
Is Weston Daniel Arms son?
Is Daniel Arms related to Jimmy Houston?
What kind of dog is bear from Arms Family Homestead?
Where is Jason Smith rep?
Where is Jason Smith from?
What district does Jason Smith represent?
Who won the John Deere?
Where does the PGA play the John Deere Classic?
Who owns Deere Run?
What river is TPC Deere Run on?
What river runs through Silvis?
Q. What is a Slope Rating™ and what does it represent? A. Playing length and obstacles impact higher-handicap players more than lower-handicap players, and Slope Rating measures the relative difficulty of a golf course for players who are not scratch players compared to those who are scratch players.
You calculate slope rating by finding the bogey rating, which is like the course rating, but measured for a bogey golfer. Then subtract the course rating from that figure. Then multiply that figure by 5.381 for men and 4.24 for women. Then round up to the nearest whole number.
When you play a course with a Slope Rating higher than 113, your Course Handicap will be higher than your USGA Handicap Index. When you play a course with a Slope Rating lower than 113, your Course Handicap will be lower than your Handicap Index.
So what is Slope? Slope merely tells you how "proportionately" more difficult that particular set of tees plays for the higher handicapped golfers as opposed to lower handicapped golfers. The more difficult the tees play proportionately for the higher handicappers, the greater the Slope rating that will be issued.
The USGA Slope Rating is a numerical value that indicates the relative difficulty of a set of tees on a golf course for a bogey golfer in comparison to a scratch golfer. … In order to calculate the slope rating, the difference between the bogey and scratch rating is multiplied by 5.381 for men and 4.240 for women.
Slope Ratings are described by the USGA as indicating the "measurement of the relative playing difficulty of a course for players who are not scratch golfers, compared to scratch golfers". Every course in the UK is being assessed using a course rating system, which focuses on scratch and bogey golfers.
What is your handicap if you shoot 100? If you shoot around 100 for 18 holes, your handicap is roughly a 28 (100-72 = 28).
The Slope Rating for a golf course tells you how difficult the golf course is for a bogey player (about a 20 handicap for a male golfer) compared to a scratch player. The higher the Slope Rating, the harder the course is for the bogey golfer, relative to the difficulty of the course for the scratch golfer.
World's 10 toughest golf courses
The Ocean Course, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, United States. …
Carnoustie Golf Links, Dundee, Scotland. …
Ko'olau Golf Club, Oahu, Hawaii, United States. …
Whistling Straits, Kohler, Wisconsin, United States. …
Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Golf Club, Lijiang, Yunnan, China.
Lemont, Illinois, U.S. Cog Hill Golf & Country Club is a public golf course and country club located 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Chicago, in Palos Park.
The majority of top-end golf courses in the USA are private members clubs but thankfully Cog Hill is a public access venue thanks to the patriarch of Chicago golf, the late Joe Jemsek.
The Cog Hill and Gleneagles golf courses are at the center of a bitter land dispute between Palos Park and Lemont. Palos Park is intent on annexing those properties along with the historic Ludwig farm and the Mid-Iron driving range (all in unincorporated Cook County) and has the landowners' complete support.
Three brothers by the name of Coghill bought a farm from John McLaughlin on the west side of Parker Road in the 1920's. Like a snowball rolling downhill, this farm began the complex that today is Cog Hill Golf & Country Club.
– Golf Digest Course & Travel. Since opening in 1929, Course No. 2 has been a favorite of Cog Hill's regular golfers.
Illinois PGA Championship
Course(s) Varies: Ivanhoe Club (in 2021)
Organized by Illinois PGA
Format Stroke play, 54 holes
110 bunkers
There was a stream running through the property, but they thought it would be tough to put that into play on very many holes, so they used sand." There are 110 bunkers strategically scattered over Dubs' 7,073 manicured yards. By PGA Tour standards, that's a whole bunch.
Having played Dubsdread enough times in my life, I agree that it is a daunting course for the amateur. Dubs is long (7554 from the tips) with a lot of elevation changes, trees, deep bunkers (fairway and greenside), and tough greens.
But for the 68-year-old Jemsek, the exercise has deep, profound roots. Frank practically grew up at West Chicago's St. Andrews Golf and Country Club, owned by his father.
Cog Hill Farm Sixteen years ago, Jason and his family moved from a neighborhood nestled in the city, to 7 ½ acres in rural Alabama.
We supply restaurants and a catering service in Birmingham and we are in the very early stages of possibly selling produce to the public, so stay tuned.
Welcome to Cog Hill Farm, we're the family of 3 that moved from the city to a small farm in Alabama. We do a bi-weekly podcast about our farm life experiences & discuss gardening, homesteading, farming, homeschooling, family, and have loads of fun.
TPC Deere Run
Silvis, Illinois, U.S. The John Deere Classic is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour. It is played annually in July, the week before The Open Championship, at TPC Deere Run in the Quad Cities community of Silvis, Illinois.
TPC Deere Run offers an award-winning, championship golf course that is open to the public. Located in Silvis, Ill., within the Quad Cities region, TPC Deere Run has hosted the PGA TOUR's John Deere Classic since 2000 and also hosts many other golf events throughout the year.
rural Oklahoma
The family documents life on their 110-acre farm in rural Oklahoma on their YouTube channel Arms Family Homestead.
Both Jason Smith and his father, Jay, now work for Brach Svoboda, a local farmer. Jay has worked for Svoboda for many years, and Jason, as a boy, frequently was with his dad.
2021 John Deere Classic: Final Purse, Payouts, Prize Money Breakdown. Lucas Glover pockets cool $1.116 million from a $6.2 million purse for his victory.
PGA TOUR Golf Course Properties, Inc
Owned, operated, and licensed by the PGA TOUR, the TPC Network is comprised of 30 premier private, resort and daily fee golf properties designed by some of golf's most elite architects. Twenty of the clubs are operated by affiliates of PGA TOUR Golf Course Properties, Inc.
7,256-yard
Welcome to TPC Deere Run The 7,256-yard, par-71 course embodies the classic beauty of America's heartland.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
abbreviation for. to be confirmed. ———-
The Arms Family; from left, sons Weston and Houston, DeJay, Daniel and EmmaLee, along with their dog Gemma; a Chickasaw family from Sulphur, host a popular YouTube channel which shares rural life and traditions. The channel now has more than 473,000 subscribers.
Jimmy is Up in Arms – Daniel Arms and his son, Houston Arms, of Arms family homestead, join Jimmy for a day of fishing on Jimmy's lake in Southern Oklahoma. Many people don't know that Jimmy and Chris are just about neighbors with the Arms family.
Jason Smith was born in St. Louis to Bill, a former minister and auto mechanic, and Mary, a former employee of Briggs & Stratton and dog breeder. He graduated from Salem High School in 1998.
Grayson, KY
Jason Smith / Place of birth
Grayson is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Carter County, Kentucky, United States, on US Route 60 and Interstate 64 in the state's northeastern region. It is approximately 21 miles west of Ashland. Within the city limits, the population was 4,217 at the 2010 census.
Representative (R-MO 8th District) since 2013
Jason Smith / Office
Lucas Glover
Winning never gets old. Lucas Glover can attest. The 41-year-old former U.S. Open champion made four birdies in a row on the back nine en route to shooting 7-under 64 to win the John Deere Classic by two strokes over Ryan Moore and Kevin Na in Silvis, Illinois.
TPC Deere Run is host to the PGA TOUR's John Deere Classic June 27- July 3, 2022. TPC Deere Run has been the proud host of the John Deere Classic since 2000. The John Deere Classic is the Quad Cities' premier golf tournament and the only PGA TOUR event in the region.
Without a doubt, the claim to fame about Les Bordes is the original owners. Baron Marcel Bich, the inventor of the Bic manufacturing brand, and businessman Yoshiaki Sakurai. They were two friends who decided to create Les Bordes for their own pleasure, they wanted the course to be of international quality and scale.
TPC Deere Run Golf Illinois native and former PGA TOUR professional D.A. Weibring masterfully preserved the natural, rolling landscape along the Rock River to create a championship golf course beautifully framed by oak trees and accented by small ponds and deep ravines.
Course architect and former PGA Tour professional D.A. Weibring masterfully used the natural, rolling landscape to create a championship golf course that stretches along the picturesque wooded ravines of the area's famous Rock River. TPC Deere Run has been honored by Golf Digest, ranking No.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lindsey Law Office has roots in Rockport that date back to 1953 when our attorney's father founded our firm. Today, our lawyer, Jefferson A. Lindsey, continues the tradition that his father began more than 60 years ago by providing high-quality legal services in a variety of practice areas.
In all of our firm's practice areas, our attorney has decades of experience and extensive legal knowledge. Additionally, with a Master of Business Administration, experience in business law and firsthand experience as a business owner, he can offer our business clients the added benefit of understanding their needs, challenges and goals.
The Lindsey family has lived in Spencer County for more than 100 years, which means our attorney not only understands the people of the region, but he also deeply cares about their well-being. This compassion for his neighbors is what led him to join his father's firm in 1983 and compelled him to remain in Rockport, serving its residents and businesses for more than 30 years.
If you face a legal challenge, whether personal or professional, you can discuss your need with Mr. Lindsey by taking advantage of his offer for a free initial consultation at our Rockport law office. To schedule your first meeting, call 812-660-9920 or email our firm.


Nothing is better than partying your Valentine's Day away with good company.
Put on your best front and party the day away with a drink or two with great company! Who knows, you might meet your Valentine in the midst of fun & and laughter.
Fret not, this workshop will help you establish the connection quickly and in the most magical way! They say those are the ingredients to create the best memories. Nothing is more attractive than a person who can make food that looks amazing and fills your tummy. Due to the overwhelming response from our last session, we are back with the second round of "Key to my Heart"! Join us as we bring you into the rustic environment of the northwest Kranji Countryside to rejuvenate your senses, connect with other singles, and enjoy the simple pleasures of real food.
Ladies, are you looking for tips on putting forth a natural, flawless and poised "best face"? Learn the latest makeup techniques and trends for Asian skin such as: Love to prawn and savour the fruits of your labour thereafter? Do come down and join us for an exciting heart-to-heart exchange session. This is a chance for you to meet new people with the same beliefs. Come join us for some socialising and sharing session.
Online dating for Singapore singles is a fun and exciting way to broaden your potential romantic horizons.
Our listings as well as our reviews give you a good overview of the Singapore dating scene.
Online dating in Singapore is no longer something which is stigmatized. Dating sites are a great way to increase the number of new people with whom you meet and hopefully, 'click' with.
Challenge yourself to a new level of "blind dating"!
Be ready to tap on your non-visual senses to dine and socialise with new friends in a pitch dark room.
Allow yourself to re-evaluate the world around you and Let yourself "see" from the heart and perhaps, meet the right one in the dark.


text:
#ifndef _WX_OSX_COCOA_CHKCONF_H_
#  define _WX_OSX_COCOA_CHKCONF_H_
/*
 * native (1) or emulated (0) toolbar
 */
#  ifndef wxOSX_USE_NATIVE_TOOLBAR
#    define wxOSX_USE_NATIVE_TOOLBAR	1
#  endif
/*
 * leave is isFlipped and don't override
 */
#  ifndef wxOSX_USE_NATIVE_FLIPPED
#    define wxOSX_USE_NATIVE_FLIPPED	1
#  endif
/*
 * Audio System
 */
#  define wxOSX_USE_QUICKTIME	0
#  define wxOSX_USE_AUDIOTOOLBOX	1
/*
   Use the more efficient FSEvents API instead of kqueue
   events for file system watcher since that version introduced a flag that
   allows watching files as well as sub directories.
 */
#  define wxHAVE_FSEVENTS_FILE_NOTIFICATIONS	1
/*
 * turn off old style icon format if not asked for
 */
#  ifndef wxOSX_USE_ICONREF
#    define wxOSX_USE_ICONREF	0
#  endif
/*
 * turning off capabilities that don't work under cocoa yet
 */
#endif
    /* _WX_MAC_CHKCONF_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Experience a day of nature and animals in Lapland! See the gorgeous city from a wonderful viewpoint on top of the local hill, Ounasvaara, before heading to Ranua Zoo.
At the Zoo, you'll find local animals as well as exotic animals, with the highlights being the enormous moose and polar bear. You'll also see local animals such as the forest reindeer, the Wolverine, the arctic fox as well as many different owl species! We'll have a buffet lunch in a restaurant at the zoo. Afterwards, we'll drive you back to your hotel.


Vintage buffet made by the Shelbyville Wardrobe Mfg Co. in Shelbyville, In. Dating to the 1940's this vintage piece features multiple different types of wood on the face of the buffet to create a unique look. The panels on the cabinet front pull a light green hue in contrast to the rest of the piece. Featuring round bun style feet and reeded columns that ascend the cabinet base. Three storage drawers along with the cabinet will give you plenty of storage options without taking up an abundance of space. The brass drawer and door pulls are original to the piece.
45" x 18" x 38.25"
*Overall, the piece does have some veneer damage and the original urn details have been removed therefore the price has been reduced around 30% from original pricing.
Brand new dining chair with gray/burntwood finish and beige upholstered seat.


text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe 'puppetdb::master::config', :type => :class do

  let(:facts) do
    {
      :fqdn => 'puppetdb.example.com',
      :osfamily => 'Debian',
      :operatingsystem => 'Debian',
      :operatingsystemrelease => '6.0',
      :kernel => 'Linux',
      :lsbdistid => 'Debian',
      :lsbdistcodename => 'foo',
      :concat_basedir => '/var/lib/puppet/concat',
      :id => 'root',
      :path => '/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin',
    }
  end

  context 'when PuppetDB on remote server' do

    context 'when using default values' do
      it { should compile.with_all_deps }
    end

  end

  context 'when PuppetDB and Puppet Master are on the same server' do

    context 'when using default values' do
      let(:pre_condition) { 'class { "puppetdb": }' }

      it { should contain_puppetdb_conn_validator('puppetdb_conn').with(
                    :puppetdb_server => 'puppetdb.example.com',
                    :puppetdb_port => '8081',
                    :use_ssl => 'true') }
    end

    context 'when puppetdb class is declared with disable_ssl => true' do
      let(:pre_condition) { 'class { "puppetdb": disable_ssl => true }' }

      it { should contain_puppetdb_conn_validator('puppetdb_conn').with(
                    :puppetdb_port => '8080',
                    :use_ssl => 'false')}
    end

    context 'when puppetdb_port => 1234' do
      let(:pre_condition) { 'class { "puppetdb": }' }
      let(:params) do { :puppetdb_port => '1234' } end

      it { should contain_puppetdb_conn_validator('puppetdb_conn').with(
                    :puppetdb_port => '1234',
                    :use_ssl => 'true')}
    end

    context 'when puppetdb_port => 1234 AND the puppetdb class is declared with disable_ssl => true' do
      let(:pre_condition) { 'class { "puppetdb": disable_ssl => true }' }
      let(:params) do {:puppetdb_port => '1234'} end

      it { should contain_puppetdb_conn_validator('puppetdb_conn').with(
                    :puppetdb_port => '1234',
                    :use_ssl => 'false')}

    end

    context 'when using default values' do
      it { should contain_package('puppetdb-termini').with( :ensure => 'present' )}
      it { should contain_puppetdb_conn_validator('puppetdb_conn').with(:test_url => '/pdb/meta/v1/version')}
    end

    context 'when using an older puppetdb version' do
      let (:pre_condition) { 'class { "puppetdb::globals": version => "2.2.0", }' }
      it { should contain_package('puppetdb-terminus').with( :ensure => '2.2.0' )}
      it { should contain_puppetdb_conn_validator('puppetdb_conn').with(:test_url => '/v3/version')}
    end

  end

end


text:
Will climate change have something to say about the Tweed Airport expansion? Experts think so
By Jan Ellen Spiegel / CTMIRROR.ORG
AVPORTS
Birds-eye rendering of Tweed-New Haven Airport once the new master plan is implemented. The runway would be extended and a new terminal would be built in a different location. Many worry it would increase flooding in an area already subject to flooding from climate change.
Just two days after the details of a master plan to expand Tweed New Haven airport were released in July, there was a harsh reminder that in a showdown between climate change and Tweed, climate change may well win.
Elsa, the first of three tropical systems this past summer that drenched the Connecticut shoreline, dumped a whole lot of water on Tweed.
The terminal flooded; the runways flooded; the access roads flooded; nearby homes flooded.
It nearly happened again when Henri came through and did happen again during Ida. And that was just one summer.
The problematic climate future Tweed faces actually is possible along just about all of New Haven's shoreline. Parts of that shoreline – including the Long Wharf area — were once under water and may be destined for it again as the entire area faces increased battering from ever more-intense and frequent storms and the highest rates of sea level rise in the in the U.S. in the last 60 years, according to multiple studies, including data from NOAA.
But New Haven is moving ahead with new projects along Long Wharf and the east shore of the harbor, in addition to the airport, despite the climate risk, citing the need for economic development and city growth.
The city says it can handle growth and climate change at once. Science may say otherwise.
"I think in general we should have real reluctance to develop further in areas which are inherently vulnerable to flooding," said Jim O'Donnell, executive director of the Connecticut Institute for Resilience and Climate Adaptation, CIRCA.
O'Donnell has been sounding the climate alarm for years, calculating that sea level rise in Long Island Sound could reach 20 inches by 2050 – a metric the state uses broadly for its resilience policies.
Best case scenarios show Tweed and the New Haven shoreline to be among Connecticut's areas most vulnerable to the rising waters from climate change. Interactive mapping by the climate research group Climate Central paints a grim picture of what the future holds.
Even just the projected 20 inches of sea level rise, taking into account existing coastal protections, shows Tweed runways under water, in Climate Central's map.
Add in factors such as moderate flooding and potential storm surge, and almost the entire airport is underwater by 2050, according to the group.
O'Donnell concedes, however, that development in flood zones, like the one where Tweed sits and the one along Long Wharf that extends inland through the New Haven rail yards to the train station, occurs all over the state. Shoreline properties with their views and waterfront access still command high property tax rates that cities and towns are loathe to forgo despite their vulnerability and repeated post-storm cleanup costs.
New Haven's economic development administrator, Michael Piscitelli, is clear about the city's priorities: "From an economic development perspective, we have learned over the years, in terms of moving forward on a global economic competitiveness of our city, that access to high quality and convenient air travel is very important both to people who are here now and people who are looking at our region."
Michael Piscitelli, New Haven's economic development administrator, believes shoreline development at Tweed and Long Wharf is vital to the city's growth, even though both areas face risks from climate change.
Piscitelli said everyone — from city officials to folks in the business community to those at Yale — agrees. "All point to the need for a much higher quality and more reliable level of scheduled air service in our region," he said.
Worth noting is that the only commercial service so far in the initial expansion ramp-up is a startup discount airline, Avelo, with routes to Florida vacation destinations.
But the goal of more reliable service raises one obvious question: How reliable is an airport that finds itself — not infrequently — under water?
"No one on the city side or the airport side has any intention of looking away from that science. We're working with an existing asset, investing in it to the point that we can make it resilient," Piscitelli said. "The Elsa storm is a good indicator of what we need to plan for going forward — more intense rain events over short durations of time. It's as equally a threat and a concern to our city as maybe some of the larger coastal storms."
State Rep. Sean Scanlon, D-Guilford, who became executive director of the Tweed-New Haven Airport Authority a little over two years ago, agrees that resiliency, not retreat, is the goal.
"That was never an option," Scanlon said. "Because why do anything in the state of Connecticut or even with the shoreline? We're not just going to give up and walk away."
In May, Sean Scanlon, executive director of Tweed-New Haven Airport Authority, announced an expansion master plan for the airport as a who's who of local, state and federal officials looked on.
Scanlon said precautions are being taken in the master plan to account for climate change impacts, but there are still questions about whether those precautions and the changes planned for Tweed are worth the cost, will accomplish the job, and last in the face of worsening sea level rise and other climate change impacts.
For some, the answer to those questions is no.
The Tweed landscape
Tweed has been around since 1931. It sits in the middle of a neighborhood, crammed along with tightly-packed modest homes onto a spit of what was once salt marsh and wetlands at the edge of Long Island Sound. It's more or less a peninsula between New Haven Harbor and the Farm River mouth that separates East Haven and Branford. Tuttle Brook and Morris Creek run through it. Part is New Haven; part is East Haven.
The airport sits in the low point — basically a bowl — that collects water. It flows in from all directions — from the Sound during storms or due to sea level rise, and from rain – much of it inland runoff from the kind of intense storms Connecticut experienced last summer.
It's almost impossible to get rid of both types of water at once.
There are tide gates not far from the southern-most shore. They predate the airport and were last replaced about a dozen years ago. When they're open, the water from the massive kinds of runoff that occurred in Elsa and Ida can flow out into Long Island Sound. When they're closed, they keep high water from the Sound from coming in. But that means runoff can't get out, so inland floodwater will stay pooled at the airport and elsewhere. And if it's a really big storm — with surges that overtop the gates – all bets are off.
"It is a challenging place to have an airport," said Brian Thompson, director of land and water resources at the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection. "It's not an ideal location."
TWEED NEW HAVEN REGIONAL AIRPORT
The low-cost startup airline Avelo has begun service from New Haven to vacation locations in Florida.
That has not gone unnoticed by the Federal Aviation Administration, which has the final say on what can be built where. In a 2002 decision authorizing runway safety area and taxiway upgrades to bring them up to federal standards, the FAA noted that the required environmental impact statement showed the changes would result in "unavoidable adverse impact to coastal resources" that included tidal and freshwater wetlands.
Wetlands are the natural sponges that soak up excess water and often prevent or mitigate flooding. Many have been lost to development in and around Tweed.
The FAA went on to say that there were no practicable alternatives that avoided wetland impacts or encroaching on the floodplain. And it called the plan it was approving "the least environmentally damaging practical alternative."
Opponents of Tweed's expansion worry the new master plan could be another round of "least damaging" and that, short of turning the airport back to nature, there's no way to prevent an environmental impact.
"Probably not," said Chris Kelly, a legal fellow with the environmental advocacy group Save the Sound, when asked this question. "The answer to climate change isn't always retreat. But smart planning also requires that you don't just pave over all the land that you have."
Paving more of Tweed or even changing what's paved and what isn't, he said, may mean more of the neighborhood could flood.
New Haven officials often say it's better to have the water pooling on airport property instead of people's homes and the streets around them.
"As soon as there's any storm surge at high tide, no water is getting out of the neighborhood back into the water (of Long Island Sound)," Giovanni Zinn, New Haven's city engineer told the Connecticut Mirror in 2019. "So water has to go somewhere. In this case it goes into the airport."
Giovanni Zinn, New Haven's chief engineer. He lives near Tweed and believes the airport should continue to provide water detention as a way to keep at least some of it out of the neighborhood during bad storms.
But the water more and more is winding up in roads and homes too. Last summer, residents documented flooding not only on East Haven's primary evacuation route – which is a regular occurrence – but also along roads closer to the airport that are likely to be access roads for the new terminal planned for the East Haven side.
In the past, East Haven mayors have fought the expansion of Tweed. But Mayor Joseph Carfora has been quoted as saying the concerns of his community have been addressed, and he was among the many local, state and federal politicians – including both U.S. senators, who consider themselves environmental champions – supporting the airport expansion plans when they were first announced in May.
Ray Baldwin, East Haven's economic development director, noted that there are still many layers of approval – including some from East Haven – before any runway expansion or terminal relocation can proceed. "The mayor has always said right along this is not a done deal, by any means," Baldwin said. He said the mayor has consistently said "whatever happens, he's going to fight to get the best deal for the people of East Haven."
Baldwin said flood mitigation is a key environmental concern for East Haven, just as it is for New Haven.
"Flooding, flooding, flooding, water streaming across the roads," said Rachel Heerema, a key organizer of local opposition, who lives on the New Haven side. She moved there in 2012 and days later had to evacuate in advance of storm Sandy. "I've had water in my basement, the roads have flooded. I think not only is the issue that flooding happens, right in this area, it's that we are definitely in climate disorder. It's here and it's now and it's happening, and we are having tropical storms more than we did."
Zinn, who lives just beyond the northern end of Tweed's main runway, said what happened during last summer's storms was a "validation of some of the hydrology."
"The airport does act as a reservoir, if you will, for stormwater during these big storm and rain events," he said.
But he admitted a few of the lowest spots of the neighborhood did have standing water until the tides went out. The best plan, he said, would be to use the airport to protect the surrounding neighborhood from stormwater and create resiliency. To that end, Zinn said, the city has asked the airport authority to increase the stormwater retention capability on the site a little. "Not a life-changing" amount, he said.
"Quite frankly, I'd much rather be flooding an airport than flooding people's homes. One is a nuisance for a few hours for travelers. The other one is someone's house."
But climate change predictions point to conditions experienced last summer becoming even worse. And some fear the airport expansion plans may make it worse yet as areas that are now grassy are paved, roads are re-routed and the terminal is moved, possibly displacing existing wetlands.
The plan calls for a 2-to-1 replacement of wetlands that are destroyed. But the compounding effect of doing any or all of these on the existing ecosystem really isn't known. Nor is how much excess water runways and other airport facilities can withstand before they degrade and become a danger or safety risk.
"Everyone is worried about climate change. Everyone is interested in us being more resilient, but we're not going to give up our way of life simply because of something that's happening. We have to adapt," Scanlon said. "We will take a look at the issues that are affecting everybody, not just our airport, and figure out how they can be adapted."
Plans and battles
Talk of expanding Tweed has gone on for years, if not decades, as commercial carriers and flights have come and gone in seemingly never-ending cycles. At times, only general aviation has operated there.
Neighbors have fought expansion throughout, most often citing a litany of longstanding concerns, many of them environmental: noise, pollution, traffic — the kinds of concerns that come up around any airport.
But in this latest skirmish, which has expanded to a wider circle of residents, flooding and climate are more of a focus. Opponents have coalesced under a new group – 10,000 Hawks, signifying the raptors that migrate over Tweed every fall. They are among a dozen on more species that could be at risk from changes to the area as documented less than a decade ago.
Some worry repeated floods will wash residue from chemicals used to control overgrowth near the runways as well as sewage overflow from storms onto their properties and elsewhere.
There's concern that the wetlands and marsh – both salt and freshwater – are so diminished and overburdened by the repeated rounds of flooding that they will no longer be able to adequately do what they're supposed to – soak up excess water.
"We all have access to the information on climate crisis. We all have access to the information on how to mitigate the damage. And we have government officials both at the state level and even federal, even Chris Murphy, who should know better, supporting this," said Gabriela Campos, who lives on the New Haven side of Tweed. "It doesn't just affect the immediate area. It affects the entire region."
The expansion master plan anticipates a significant increase in commercial air service, extension of the runway at both ends and a larger four-to-six-gate terminal to be located on the East Haven side of the runway. The existing terminal has been on the New Haven side for decades.
The new plans for management and financing of Tweed are also very different from previous iterations.
Tweed is owned by the city of New Haven, which leases it to the airport authority, which in turn hires a private company to run it. That company is Avports, which has managed Tweed for a couple of decades. In 2018, Avports was acquired by West Street Infrastructure Partners III, an arm of Goldman Sachs.
But it may have been a move – or more accurately, a non-move — by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2020 that paved the way for the current situation. In choosing to not hear an appeal, the high court ended a 10-year dispute over whether the state had authority to limit the size of the runway at Tweed. The final answer was it doesn't. And so an expansion master plan moved forward in earnest.
The financial changes switch the airport to a private funding model. In a couple of years, New Haven will be off the hook for the annual $325,000 operating subsidy it had been paying to the airport authority. It will no longer have to supply the match for federal grants. Avports will do that.
The airport expansion, anticipated to cost about $100 million, will be privately funded by Avports, as well as with funds from the FAA, already in use for the master plan and an environmental assessment, just getting underway. The FAA will likely pay for the runway component.
Because of the federal component, the project will need to comply with guidelines under the National Environmental Policy Act – NEPA. But because no state money is involved, a state flood management certificate will not be needed.
It's not clear yet what state oversight will kick in, but officials at DEEP said most likely the state role will include water quality certification and issuing federal permits such as a stormwater permit for construction and an industrial stormwater permit, if needed.
The state will be able to comment throughout and look at other environmental impacts, such as on wildlife. And it will be able to ensure work is in compliance with state programs and mandates.
As for issues likely to come up, "Certainly flooding is going to be a biggie," said Fred Riese, senior environmental analyst in DEEP's Office of Environmental Review, who acknowledged the project is likely to face political pressures in addition to environmental ones.
Riese said the state would likely be looking at the change in what's paved and what isn't, what might happen to runoff and drainage rates as well as water quality as a result of any changes, and increases in storms and rainfall intensities.
The Airport Authority has recently named a project advisory committee that includes one resident each from New Haven and East Haven, New Haven's Zinn, Baldwin from East Haven, O'Donnell of CIRCA, Kelly of Save the Sound and someone from the FAA.
As part of the overall expansion and 43-year lease approved by the New Haven Board of Alders in September, there will also be an environmental stewardship advisory committee consisting of three members each from New Haven and East Haven. The mayors have not made their selections yet. The lease is not final, but one component is that after it ends, New Haven takes back control of the airport. The current lease runs out in 2023.
"The idea that we can have a predictable [plan] — let's look out 40 years and make a plan for a coastal floodplain — it's really laughable," Heerema said. "It's like we're going to make a plan on how climate disorder is going to impact this area. And while we're making this plan, the plan is actually going to make it worse. Pave more. Pollute more. It's doubling down on the problem."
Kelly of Save the Sound said he couldn't imagine a scenario where 43 years from now the city would be able to do anything with that land if officials are not planning carefully now for the expected climate change impacts.
"I'm trying to see the value of digging in where there isn't a future, and I don't see it," he said.
CIRCA's O'Donnell said: "It's a complicated region, that's for sure. Its existence is tied to the fact that it gets flooded on a regular basis, like all other salt marshes. So it's just going to get flooded more frequently as sea level rises. And if you stop flooding in a marsh, the marsh dies, and so you can't do that."
If the marsh dies or is removed, it would mean there would be no natural means to moderate the effects of climate change, though O'Donnell points out there are limits to what can be done. A catastrophic hurricane, for example, can't be protected against. "There's basically nothing we can do about those in Connecticut."
He and others have suggested that elevating the runways might be necessary at some point. But that would lessen, if not eliminate, the "bowl" function the airport provides now, and the surrounding neighborhood would certainly flood. He's suggested better tide gates but also points out that as with elevating the runways, every mitigating action is likely to set off reactions that may be less desirable.
The rest of New Haven's shoreline
As if dealing with the expansion of Tweed isn't enough, New Haven is also facing a reckoning for its entire coast because of climate change.
The next battle seems to be plans for two large waterfront apartment buildings at the northern end of Long Wharf.
FUSCO DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Renderings of two residential buildings being planned for an area of Long Wharf that is prone to flooding. DEEP says the site should be for water-dependent use only.
Elsa and the other storms this summer inundated the Long Wharf area. Union Avenue in front of the New Haven train station and police headquarters (at the intersection of the appropriately named Water Street) was impassable. That area, all the way out to the harbor, was once harbor itself – and is now low-lying fill that includes I-95 and the rail yards, both of which flood regularly.
The city and state have chosen to double-down on investment there anyway, infusing money into the rail facilities and the Long Wharf Responsible Growth Plan, an updated version of a renewal and redevelopment plan first conceived of in the early 1980s. A small amount of what was originally envisioned has been built, though reconnecting the waterfront side of the highway and train tracks with the rest of the city has not.
Since then the area has flooded repeatedly. After Irene and Sandy in 2011 and 2012, plans for so-called living shorelines were put in motion at Long Wharf and the East Shore Park in Morris Cove, which was also battered in both storms.
Living shorelines use natural-style constructions such as dunes, slopes and marsh grasses to temper the impact of water. But there are limits to what they can accomplish. New Haven's theoretically will moderate wave action and in turn the erosion it causes. But they can't temper sea level rise. And they are of no use for inland flooding runoff – and in fact can make things worse by not letting water out. In large violent storms, waves can easily over-top them.
"They're not intended to do anything for that," city engineer Zinn conceded. "We're looking at really a layered approach in New Haven."
He said one layer would be natural systems like the living shorelines and the hundreds of bioswales installed around the city to soak up a little excess water and prevent it from becoming runoff. New development would also be required for industrial scale runoff systems, including some way to hold excess water until it can be removed without flooding buildings and streets. The city is considering building new pipe under the railyards into the harbor to help get rid of flood waters.
Another component the city is counting on is its selection by the Army Corps of Engineers for a floodwall project along the highway at Long Wharf, and a large pump station. The concept and selection have been underway for a number of years. The Corps, which is also involved in the living shorelines, declined to discuss the project, only providing material already on its website.
Zinn expects work on the East Shore shoreline to begin in the first half of this year. The two together are expected to cost about $8 million.
While not a development issue, an item added to the city's shoreline headaches are two federal lawsuits filed by the Conservation Law Foundation over some of the massive petroleum product tanks on the water at the port of New Haven.
Just two days before Elsa hit, CLF sued Gulf and Shell, contending they have not prepared properly for the flooding and extreme weather that is now more prevalent due to climate change. Gulf has 13 acres containing 16 tanks at or below sea level. Shell has 39 tanks on 38 acres.
Even a Category 1 hurricane could inundate the area and damage tanks filled with petroleum products, CLF alleges. CLF has filed similar suits in the Boston area and Rhode Island.
But already making figurative waves are the two apartment buildings – up to 500 units total – proposed by Fusco Development Corporation as part of the redevelopment of Long Wharf.
The site is a high-density flood zone in an area already prone to flooding — which means it will likely get even worse – that DEEP designated for water-dependent use under the Connecticut Coastal Management Act. That means something like a marina or ferry service.
But in November, the Board of Alders approved a zoning change to allow for the apartment buildings, inaccurately claiming DEEP had found the plan consistent with the CCMA. DEEP had not.
The department, in fact, filed a letter reiterating that the development district "is located within Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) special flood hazard zones. Sea level rise and other effects of climate change will increase the District's coastal flood risk and associated damages, loss, and disruption."
The letter further noted that "sea level rise will increase the probability of future flooding in the area" and that the Long Wharf area "has at least a 50% chance of flooding in any given year and local data from the Connecticut Institute for Resilience and Climate Adaptation (CIRCA) at the University of Connecticut that predicts a 50% to 20% chance that some or all of the District will be flooded by storm surge and wave action in any given year."
And it provided maps showing the risk.
"We raised concerns about coastal hazards putting residential development in an area that is vulnerable, prone to flooding and exposed to wave action," said DEEP's Thompson, whose signature is on the letter.
The alders ignored him. But the project faces a long regulatory road.
"They will come back to us with a site-specific coastal site plan review. So a more detailed plan for the development of the site," Thompson said. "We review and comment on it. And their comments go back to the city, and they make the decision."
But they could very well ignore DEEP then too.
The site faces the same kinds of forces as Tweed: saltwater incursion, freshwater runoff, wave action and sea level rise, all moving in different directions.
"It's really a planning and engineering challenge to manage all that. I think the Long Wharf area is probably a really good example of where those forces meet," Thompson said.
But because conditions are changing so dramatically and so quickly, planners can't rely on old trends and patterns. New models need to be developed.
Thompson said he thinks the various factors can be addressed. "But," he said, "I think there needs to be a lot of assessment and potentially some hard decisions on what to do."
Dave Anderson, the lands campaign manager for Save the Sound, who has years of experience doing municipal planning on the Connecticut shoreline, also filed a letter with the Board of Alderman expressing concerns about the apartment buildings.
"DEEP actually does have the ability to take legal action if the local boards and commissions are not actually enforcing the provisions of the (Connecticut Coastal Management) Act," he said. "I think probably DEEP needs to take the lead on identifying priority water-dependent use sites on the shoreline and have a stronger regulatory control of how those sites get developed."
But on the matter of Long Wharf – as with Tweed – New Haven remains committed to the economic development necessity.
"The preservation focus of Long Wharf has to be front and center," said Economic Development Administrator Piscitelli. "We have 5,000 jobs in this district. We have the Interstate 95 corridor, and we have the rail yard. And when you pull the lens back and you look at New England relative to the United States, it's much more plainly evident how important this corridor is."
"The absence of a strong resilient strategy here exposes this corridor and truly complicates the movement of goods, people, services to our entire region."
But he pushes back against the often-raised distinction between protecting what's already there and putting more infrastructure in harm's way.
"I think it's an overreach to say it's putting people in harm's way. There is a significant resiliency strategy associated with that development," he said. "This is a very important moment for public governance to identify and then fund resilient strategies, where they're most needed."
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"These are the days that must happen to you." Walt Whitman So, looking back over my A-Z blog challenge, I realized I skipped W...and maybe subconsciously I wanted to write about Whitman today...after all, Whitman was his favorite poet...and today being what it is...6 years ago today was the last time I heard his voice out loud. It was hard to choose a Whitman quote. Of the transcendentalists, he was my least favorite...but since he was the favorite of one of my all-time favorite people, I will honor the poet today. Everything happens for a reason. Every person we meet, leaves a mark on our lives. And there are days that we must experience, must endure. Must have as part of our lives...to learn something, to grow, to change, to leave an unhealthy situation...to get to the next stage of our life. Some days have to happen. Some events have to run their course. I know that everything in my life has shaped me into the teacher and writer I am today. And while I haven't loved every experience along the way, I do love the person I am because of everything I have experienced. Tomorrow is never promised. Love fully. Dance in the rain. Follow your dreams. Give up on those people and things that don't support you. Believe in yourself at least as much as your true friends do. Fully embrace the days that must happen to you. Learn more. Do more. Grow more. Don't let fear win. Experience what you need to experience. Mourn those you have lost, but celebrate the time you got to be a part of their life.


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Hightree Drive Road Closure
Home » News » ON FRIDAY 09 DECEMBER 2016
Cheshire East have announced that a 150m section of Hightree Drive will be closed from the Junction of Worthington Close in the Direction of Andertons lane on Friday 09th December. The reason for the closure is to allow the felling of a tree. Diversion routes will be signposted.
More news from Henbury
Henbury Webteam: Sat 16 Jan 11:42am
WarningThe footpath between Henbury and Whirley has become impassable without tall...
In previous years the Millennium Green Trust has been able to inform the community about its activities at its Annual General Meeting. However, it couldn't hold an AGM in 2020 because of Covid-19 Regulations and it's not at all clear how soon it be able to do so in 2021. So the Trust has asked us to publish this summary, prepared by the MG Trust Chairman Susan Pegg, of the work...
Henbury Webteam: Wed 13 Jan 4:49pm
#An Opportunity to Investigate? We've received this message from our PCSO Julia Short and thought there might be an opportunity here for one of our readers to join Cheshire Constabulary. Details are in the link Julia has given us. Cheshire Constabulary will be running a number of recruitment webinars over the next few weeks to promote the new fast-track detective constable entry...


When it comes to kettlebell training people have many questions. Some are uninformed and unsure where to turn, some are misinformed and others simply misunderstand. Some have had bad experiences with unqualified trainers using kettlebells improperly as if they are nothing more than oddly shaped dumbbells, missing the point entirely and never getting to experience their unique potential and benefits.
Why do people train with kettlebells?
What makes the kettlebell special?
How do I start to learn how use kettlebells properly?
Kettlebells are hand held weights shaped like cannonballs with a handle. They have been around for hundreds of years and in the last 10 years or so have returned to the spotlight due to the teachings of Pavel Tsatsouline and the kettlebell revolution he has inspired. The kettlebell's unique design allows for a wide variety of standard lifts as well as extremely powerful specialized lifts which are unique to the kettlebell.
The beauty of kettlebell training is in it's elegant simplicity, versatility, freedom and scalability.
No other single piece of equipment will allow you to accomplish so much in so little time, can be used or taken anywhere and can be made as challenging or as easy as necessary. A young teenager can learn to safely swing a 24kg, a strong athlete in his or her prime can be challenged and made to sweat bullets with a 12kg kettlebell or a 70 year old grandma can learn to safely deadlift the massive 48kg.
Kettlebells are small, portable and versatile.
They allow you to perform all the lifts and movements used with barbells and dumbbells, plus they allow you to do many things that can't be duplicated with dumbbells and barbells.
They can be held in different ways manipulating leverage.
They allow for keeping a safe neutral wrist position while lifting.
They are great for stretching with.
They allow for greater range of motion and more degrees of freedom.
They can be swung between the legs and safely accelerated during the negative phase for a powerful training effect.
They allow for safely executing high repetition quick lifts.
They can be stacked, thrown, dragged and even juggled.
The off-balance center of provides an extra degree of challenge strengthening stabilizers and forcing the entire body to work together as a single unit.
Additionally, the kettlebell's versatility makes it the perfect tool for learning the principles used to make you safer, stronger while training so you can then apply them to any other modality including the barbell, dumbbell, bodyweight, TRX and more.
If you want to escape the gym, the combination of bodyweight and kettlebell training gives you the freedom and the ability to train anywhere, on your own terms and only requires a small amount of space.
If you seek a versatile tool that allows you to train for strength, flexibility, power, endurance and fat-loss, no other single piece of equipment does it better. Kettlebells allow to perform the same lifts as dumbbells and barbells + many powerful lifts that can only be performed with kettlebells.
If you want to burn calories, kettlebell ballistics which burn over 20 calories per minute are hard to beat.
If you love variety, the kettlebell's unique design makes it possible to perform an endless variety of exercises, combinations and complexes without the need to change equipment, set the bell down or wait in line at the gym.
If you want to be challenged, the simplest kettlebells workouts have proven to humble the strongest athletes.
If you seek simplicity, look no further. Thousands of people have experienced amazing results (losing 100lbs?) from programs consisting of only one or two kettlebell techniques.
As powerful as kettlebell training can be, it's not about the kettlebell.
The kettlebell is only a tool. Without the proper expertise it's nothing more than an oddly shaped dumbbell… or a doorstop.
Powerful and effective kettlebell training is first and foremost about moving well, then matching the right techniques to the individual, combining that with intelligent programming and the application of proven principles. This can be difficult or impossible to learn on your own through books, videos and internet forums. There is a proven process to follow, but more on that later.
Kettlebells are like any powerful tool, the magic is in HOW you use them and they are firm adherents of the "garbage-in-garbage-out" principle. When used properly and expertly they can produce amazing results … and when used inappropriately, inexpertly or irresponsibly the results can be less the optimal at best or catastrophic at worst. The internet is full of people who put down one form of exercise over another as dangerous or stupid, but what the best trainers understand is that context is key. What determines the safety or appropriateness of any given exercise technique or tool is knowing how to match the right movements, techniques, tools and loads to the individual. No single technique is appropriate for everyone, the best instructors know this, and investing a great deal of time and resources learning how to properly assess and progress each trainee as a unique individual.
Live, in-person, expert instruction. Nothing will accelerate or ensure proper technique like immediate feedback, technical subtleties and hands-on corrections that personal attention from a StrongFirst certified instructor provides.
A proven system and a set of principles to follow (such as StrongFirst provides) that keeps you safe, guides you down the right path and allows for growth. The StrongFirst system we utilize is known for making novices strong and champions stronger.
A Community of like-minded individuals to support, challenge and encourage one another. Through the StrongFirst community you will join a world-wide family.
The one-day StrongFirst Kettlebell User Course is the perfect opportunity to be introduced to all three.
Whether you are an absolute novice, experienced with kettlebells but have not had qualified instruction, or a trainer who wants nothing but the best for your clients, the StrongFirst User Course is a perfect place to start.
Alternatively, you may consider our 8 class / 4 week beginner's course, private training or group classes.


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A Timeline of Drake's History With Nike
ByMike DeStefano
Staff Writer, Complex Style. @_DeStefano
"It didn't mean anything unless it had a Swoosh."
This is what Drake says Nike meant to him when he was growing up. Since entering the spotlight back in 2009, he's certainly made his love for the Swoosh known. He shouts out the brand in his lyrics. Nike tracksuits and Air Maxes have become part of his uniform whether he's on stage commanding a crowd in major cities around the world during world tours or just randomly spotted out and about. And of course, there's the seven years worth of prouduct that has ultimately culminated in a 2020 that is arguably the best year of the Drake and Nike partnership to date.
He shot a full music video shot on the Nike campus in Beaverton. His NOCTA sub-label of apparel, highlighted by bubble coats and sweatsuits with reflective trim, is being promoted on billboards around the world at this very moment. He isn't dropping Certified Lover Boy just yet, but Drake still has the game in disarray with his other ventures.
With the NOCTA line officially releasing tomorrow, we decided to take a look back at Drake's long history with Nike. From OVO-branded Air Jordans to Certified Lover Boy merch drops, check out a detailed look at the Drake x Nike collaborative history below.
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FeaturesListsAir JordanDrakeNikeOctobers Very OwnOVOJordan Brand


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Prinzessin Mäusehaut ist ein Märchen (ATU 510B). Es stand in den Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm nur in der 1. Auflage von 1812 an Stelle 71 (KHM 71a).

Inhalt
Ein König möchte herausfinden, welche seiner Töchter ihn am liebsten hat. Jede Tochter soll deshalb dem König sagen, womit ihre Liebe zu vergleichen ist. Die Älteste sagt daraufhin, dass sie ihn so liebt wie das ganze Königreich. Die zweite behauptet, sie würde ihn so lieben wie alle Juwelen und Edelsteine auf der Welt. Die jüngste Tochter aber sagt, sie habe ihn so lieb wie Salz. Für diese Antwort soll sie ein Diener des Königs im Wald töten. Dieser ist ihr aber treu ergeben und bietet ihr an, gemeinsam mit ihr zu fliehen. Die Tochter lehnt dies ab und verlangt nur ein Kleid aus Mäusehaut. Damit gibt sie sich als Mann aus und tritt in die Dienste des Nachbarkönigs ein. Wenn sie ihm aber etwa die Stiefel auszieht, wirft er sie ihr an den Kopf. Als er später fragt, aus welchem Land sie kommt, so antwortet sie: "Aus dem Lande, wo man den Leuten die Stiefel nicht um den Kopf wirft." Als Diener einen teuren Ring bei ihr finden, muss sie sich schließlich offenbaren. Sie tritt vor den König und legt die Mäusehaut ab. Als der König ihre goldenen Haare und ihre Schönheit erkennt, möchte er sie heiraten. Zur Hochzeit kommt auch ihr Vater, der sie aber nicht erkennt und dem sie nur ungesalzene Speisen servieren lässt. Daraufhin wird er ärgerlich und sagt: "Ich will lieber nicht leben, als solche Speisen zu essen!" Da offenbart sich seine Tochter und er erkennt, wie sie ihre Liebesbezeugung gemeint hat. Er bittet sie um Verzeihung und sie ist ihm lieber als alles Andere.

Herkunft
Wilhelm Grimms Handschrift von 1810 ist nicht wesentlich anders. Es fehlt das Angebot des Dieners, mitzugehen. Es besteht eine Lücke, was das Auftauchen des Rings angeht. Der Schlussdialog ist kürzer. Laut Handnotiz stammt das Märchen von Johanna Hassenpflug, laut Heinz Rölleke aber eher von Familie Wild. Vgl. KHM 179 Die Gänsehirtin am Brunnen, KHM 65 Allerleirauh, Perraults Peau d'Âne. Vgl. Aschenpüster mit der Wünschelgerte in Ludwig Bechsteins Neues deutsches Märchenbuch. Es ist verwandt mit dem slowakischen Märchen Salz ist wertvoller als Gold von Božena Němcová.

Verfilmung
 2015: Die Salzprinzessin, Deutschland, Märchenfilm der 8. Staffel aus der ARD-Reihe Sechs auf einen Streich basiert sowohl auf Motiven des Märchens Prinzessin Mäusehaut als auch des Märchens Salz ist wertvoller als Gold von Božena Němcová.

Parodie
In Janoschs Parodie steckt der Vater die dritte Tochter ins Mädchenpensionat und erkennt sie auf ihrer Hochzeit im teuren Outfit erst nicht.

Siehe auch
 Salz ist wertvoller als Gold
 Das Märchen von Prinzessin Mäusepelzchen heißt Die Prinzessin mit dem goldenen Stern

Literatur
 Brüder Grimm: Kinder- und Hausmärchen. Ausgabe letzter Hand mit den Originalanmerkungen der Brüder Grimm. Mit einem Anhang sämtlicher, nicht in allen Auflagen veröffentlichter Märchen und Herkunftsnachweisen herausgegeben von Heinz Rölleke. Band 3: Originalanmerkungen, Herkunftsnachweise, Nachwort. Durchgesehene und bibliographisch ergänzte Ausgabe, Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-15-003193-1, S. 529.
 Hans-Jörg Uther: Handbuch zu den Kinder- und Hausmärchen der Brüder Grimm. de Gruyter, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-019441-8, S. 461–462.
 Heinz Rölleke (Hrsg.): Die älteste Märchensammlung der Brüder Grimm. Synopse der handschriftlichen Urfassung von 1810 und der Erstdrucke von 1812. Herausgegeben und erläutert von Heinz Rölleke. Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cologny-Geneve 1975, S. 202–205, 373.

Weblinks

 Peau d'Âne in der französischen Wikipedia

Einzelnachweise

Grimms Märchen
Literatur (19. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Deutsch)
Literarisches Werk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Museums in Małopolska
Kraków Saltworks Museum Wieliczka
ul. Zamkowa 8, Wieliczka
Arranged in the 13th-century castle interiors is a collection of salt cellars composed of over 400 pieces!
The main seat of the museum is the Saltworks Castle. For nearly 700 years from its construction late in the 13th century, the edifice was the administrative centre of one of Europe's largest businesses: the Kraków Saltworks covering the mines in Wieliczka and Bochnia, salinas, and the entire infrastructure connected with salt production. The Saltworks Castle housed the mine's kitchens, chapel, court, and prison; miners were summoned to work from the castle's tower and provided with working tools stored in the local storehouse. Today's tourists are welcome to visit the castle's interiors with exhibitions devoted to the archaeology and history of Wieliczka, and the collection of salt cellars consisting of over 400 specimens. The invitation also includes the 14th-century tower which was a part of the system of the city's fortifications built in the reign of Casimir the Great (Kazimierz Wielki). The unique value of the Saltworks Castle was acknowledged by its accession to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2013.
Tickets: PLN 8/5, family PLN 15, free admission (to the overground part only) on Sats
The museum also runs an underground exhibition in Wieliczka Salt Mine (covered in the price of the ticket to the mine).
01 June - 30 August
Mon closed, Tue-Sun 9:00-17:00
www.muzeum.wieliczka.pl
info@muzeum.wieliczka.pl
For whom: for children
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The Empire State has been at the center of the American immigrant experience. While the New York City skyline is the first site many of these new Americans would see first upon their arrival, you have to traverse the state to understand the true impact of the renewed dreams and hope that the Empire State has delivered for so many. Historic sites across the state explore the way that newly arrived Americans have contributed to American identity, culture and economic growth.