text:
Q: CSS-menu issue in angular project I am trying to add a bootstrap menu to my angular 6 project. This is the code

    User

    Customer

      OL User

The issue is, when I click customer link, URL redirect to the localhost:4200/#
and submenu is not opening. below code techniques, I used to project:
app.component.ts
import {HashLocationStrategy, LocationStrategy} from '@angular/common';

app.routing.module.ts
@NgModule({
  imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes,{useHash: true})],
  exports: [RouterModule],

})

A: Local redirects in Angular are usually done by using routerLink:
From the DOCS

  link to user component

More information about Angular routing

You can use href if you want. But the biggest issue is that you haven't associated a component with a route.
Take a look at this example


text:
A billion internet users can be wrong
Global internet usage reached over one billion unique visitors in December, says ComScore. However, the web is not the net
By Leader | January 26, 2009 -- 17:53 GMT (09:53 PST) | Topic: Tech Industry
There are a billion people on the internet. So says ComScore, a company that counts such things. In December 2008, it claims, there were 1,007,730,000 unique visitors to sites around the world — "a billion global users".
There are plenty of discussions about how, when and what to measure online, and nobody's claiming ComScore is inaccurate in its numbers. On one point, however, it's plain wrong. It hasn't measured how many people are connected to the internet. It's measured how many people are on the web — and the web is not the net.
That distinction matters. It matters because getting it wrong confuses the past and misrepresents the future. The internet was around for decades before the web, but the web is the technology that made the internet accessible to ordinary people. Invented in 1991, it's taken exactly the same time for the web to spread from Tim Berners-Lee in his Geneva cubicle to a billion people worldwide as it has for Guns N' Roses to record a new studio album. That's almost a record.
In the history of the world, the only technology to spread faster is GSM, the digital mobile-phone standard. That's another European invention — and another one that went live in the wonderyear of 1991. This one, however, is in the hands of 3.5 billion people. Between them, the web and wireless have democratised data: since 1991, you haven't needed approval from anywhere to store or share data with the world, and the world hasn't needed an appointment anywhere to retrieve it.
But that two billion disparity between GSM and the web highlights why the web is not, and never will be, all of the net. Every GSM user can be considered part of the digital online community: GSM is a perfectly good digital wireless network with copious connections to the internet, and the 2.5 billion users who aren't on the web are most certainly connected — albeit at dial-up speeds.
Raw GSM is too slow for the web, and a good thing too. That means handsets and infrastructure are cheap enough to get to the people who need them most. GSM is not too slow for the internet — text-only dial-up created global communities in the 1980s — and those two billion deserve decent services from us and the chance to develop their own. But if we count the web as the net, they vanish from sight.
The GSMA is already trying to get the next two billion connected, with development funds aimed at those earning around than $2 a day. It will take decades to get Western-style broadband to 4.5 billion people: it takes next to no time to build services that will run over GSM to the farthest corners of the earth.
History tells us that ignoring disenfranchised majorities does nobody any favours. Common sense tells us that 3.5 billion trumps one billion. Foresight says the global status quo will change, with or without our consent, and sooner than we'd like. Such ideas deserve be taken seriously: getting the numbers right will be a good first step.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MILWAUKEE – On Saturday, August 27, 2016 the City of Milwaukee will host its inaugural "All Things in Common" initiative, a block party taking place simultaneously on the premises of 25 Milwaukee-area churches/organizations. Through the leadership of Common Council President Ashanti Hamilton and Alderwoman Chantia Lewis, one block party will take place at All Saints Parish, 4051 N. 25th Street, Milwaukee, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m.
At this time, All Saints Catholic Church is the only parish in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee currently participating in the event. In the future, the parish is expected to serve as a central city "hub," where residents will be able to connect with driver's license recovery, child support mediation, employment counseling, and other critical social service programs expected to be funded by federal, state and local block grants.
The purpose of Saturday's citywide event will be for members of the All Saints pastoral council and human concerns commission to gather data about community needs from the parishioners, guests and clients the parish serves in zip codes 53206, 53209, 53210 and 53216.
Volunteers will engage neighborhood residents and visitors in a needs assessment survey. Participants will receive free hot dogs and bags of groceries provided by Hunger Task Force and have a chance to win bus passes and gas cards.
Completed surveys will be sent to the Milwaukee Health Department for analysis and will be used in city planning and funding applications. Funds received will be allocated back to neighborhoods to address the community needs identified in the survey and support the churches as resource hubs. Milwaukee residents will be able to receive referrals and apply for social service programs within their own neighborhoods. The "All Things in Common" initiative is expected to continue with future events that advocate for local services and generate data for funding.
If your media outlet is interested in covering this initiative, please contact Rosemary Murphy, (414) 534-5771, rosemary.allsaintsmke@gmail.com.


Over the last month or so, I would put the following on my Current Faves list. There are many other champions I love playing, but I just haven't as much of late.
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Home » Blog » 8th TUC Meeting - Sergey Edunov (Facebook). Generating realistic trillion-edge graphs.
8th TUC Meeting - Sergey Edunov (Facebook). Generating realistic trillion-edge graphs.
Sergey Edunov, Software Engineer at Facebook gave a great talk on how and why his company generating large-scale social graphs. The underlying reasons to start such an ambitious project are capacity planning to make sure that their system will be able to handle a graph that keeps growing year after year and fair evaluation of their system against the ones being implemented by other companies.
Match the graph size. No scalability, no fit for them.
Match joint degree and clustering coefficient.
None of the existing benchmarks matched their criteria so they decided to build Darwini, their own Apache Giraph that scales to hundreds of machines. Darwini is also capable of generating graphs with trillion edges, joint degree-clustering coefficient distribution and local degree-clustering coefficient and shows better accuracy in performance than the original graph.
Generate vertices with your desired local clustering and regional coefficient.
Group vertices that expect the same amount of triangles together.
Generate random edges within each of the previously mentioned groups.
Create random edges between each set of groups.
Testing shows that Darwini performs similarly as the BTER graph but they're trying to improve the results they currently have.
For the slides Sergey presented and his whole presentation see below. Remember that the 9th TUC Meeting will be held at at SAP's HQ in Walldorf, Germany the 9-10th of February. Start planning your assistance!
11th TUC meeting in Austin recap: Amazon's AWS Neptune, G-CORE graph query language, Social Network Benchmark BI workload and other interesting talks!
11th TUC Meeting at the University of Texas at Austin, agenda update!
members and sponsored by Oracle Labs and IBM.


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Mortenson Center in Global Engineering
Global Engineering Awards
Home Current Students Undergraduate Education Global Engineering Residential Academic Program Leadership Student Assistants
Caroline Kavanaugh
Graduate Assistant
Caroline Kavanaugh is a Global Engineering Professional Master's student at the University of Colorado Boulder. She received a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from Villanova University. Outside of class, Caroline performed water quality tests, analyzed WASH programs in primary schools, and constructed water pumps across the African continent through the Villanova Engineering Service Learning program.
Caroline's experience in global engineering began through her work with the non-profit organization, Amigos for Christ, in Chinandega, Nicaragua. Since the summer of 2015, she has spent weeks at a time interning for Amigos assisting with the construction of water systems, modern bathrooms, schools, and clean-air kitchens. Caroline's international work in Ghana, Tanzania, Madagascar, and Nicaragua has furthered her desire to provide people with access to a clean, sustainable source of water. In addition to her internship experience in the NGO sector, she has also worked for Arcadis, an engineering design firm based in the Netherlands. As a former orientation leader for incoming Villanovans, Caroline is excited to work with students in the Global Engineering RAP and share her passion as she furthers her own engineering education.
John Edem Ecklu
John Edem Ecklu is a Global Environmental Engineering Professional Master's student at the University of Colorado Boulder. He completed his Civil Engineering undergraduate degree at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana. For his undergraduate thesis, John examined access to water and cost implications for a rural town.
He joins the Mortenson Center in Global Engineering and the Global Engineering RAP with four years of experience in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector having worked as a project engineer at TREND Group, a WASH consultancy firm in Ghana. There, he worked on a myriad of projects across the different regions in Ghana collaborating with various local agencies and international organizations such as UNICEF. Some of the projects included designing and supervising the construction of sustainable WASH infrastructure for schools in low-income urban communities and providing technical support to rural communities to increase their sanitation coverage. He is passionate about providing innovative WASH solutions that look beyond just providing infrastructure but also have sustained impact in developing countries. John also loves to bike and explore beautiful trails.
Jessica Darby
Undergraduate Assistant
Jessica Darby is a third-year undergraduate student in Environmental Engineering at the University of Colorado Boulder. Outside of class, Jessica has been a part of research with the Mortenson Center and Environmental Engineering Department. She was a part of the Global Engineering Resident Academic Program as a freshmen and returned her second year to further her involvement. As a student assistant, she is excited to share past RAP traditions and activities with the next class of engineers. As part of the Global Engineering RAP, Jessica studies both the Spanish and Welsh languages and cultures. Jessica has also been an orientation leader and a peer mentor for first-year students in the College of Engineering. When she is not studying, you can find Jessica playing board games, watching movies, and exploring new places in Colorado.
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Maricourt is an academically successful school where children feel safe and happy. We are proud of our strong pastoral team who, along with learning mentors, a school counsellor and a Chaplain, provide outstanding emotional and spiritual support. Through strong partnerships with parents and carers, and building on the work of our primary schools and parishes, we aim to instil in our young people good manners, courtesy and consideration for others as well as integrity and honesty.


text:
Peace River Pioneers
The Peace River Pioneers is a book/story written by Avery Arthur Kenny's daughter Agnes Irene Allin (Kenny) and published circa 1990. A number of copies of this have been circulated amongst the family descendants.
This webpage attempts to make the story available to all who are interested, and Irene stated it was a true story. We should note that;
a) Irene was in her 70s when she wrote this book, and some of her memories may not match the memories of her siblings.
b) Descriptions of some events might seem fantastical in today's society, but strange events did often occur in pioneer days.
Peace River Pioneers has been formatted and published by webmaster Keith Millard (a Kenny Cousin) in association with Marion Chell (Irene's daughter and Avery's granddaughter) and by Karen Wemyss (Arthur Roy Kenny's daughter and Avery's granddaughter). We have also been assisted by Marj Kenny and her mother Alice Kenny (Avery's daughter-in-law).
a) - Introduction
b) - The Beginning - Part 1
c) - The Beginning - Cont'd
d) - The Edson Trail - Part 1
e) - The Edson Trail - Cont'd
f) - The Homestead
g) - The Annual Sports Day
h) - Trials and Rewards
i) - Honeymoon Trip North
j) - Alice Takes up the Task
k) - The Family Begins
l) - Carmie's Story
m) - Enter: The Fur Industry
n) - Goodbye to Farm and Friends
o) - Life at Faust
p) - Footnote Regarding Grande Prairie & Edson Trail History
q) - Family Galleries
Note: A separate webpage has been set up to contain the published childhood memories of Irene Kenny. To visit that page, click on
Irene's Childhood Memories.
a) - Introduction: Editors Note
Avery Arthur Kenny was born 1885 in Brockville, Ontario and died 1959 in White Rock, BC (a suburb of Vancouver). The love of his life was Alice Blackburn, born in 1892 in Yorkshire, England and died in 1966 in Cloverdale, BC. Their daughter Agnes Irene Kenny was born in 1921 in Toronto, Ontario and died in 2014 in Armstrong, BC in the Okanagan Valley.
Hover over photos for caption, Click on images to enlarge:
Brockville is located on the St Lawrence River east of Kingston, Ontario and west of Montreal, Quebec. Distance to Toronto is about 195 miles (335 km).
An 1892 street scene in Brockville, Ontario during a funeral procession.
1944 Avery and Alice Kenny
1944 Irene Kenny
b) - THE BEGINNING: Part 1
Avery and Alice Kenny met in Toronto, in 1912. Avery was working, for his father who was a dentist, when Alice came in as a patient. The following Saturday they met again at the ice rink. Avery drummed up the courage to ask Alice to skate with him. The gramophone blasted out the Blue Danube as they flew around the ice. When she invited Avery home for a hot drink after the rink closed for the night, her mother liked his quiet ways. Alice also liked him, and the friendship grew.
Alice worked as a seamstress for Black Brothers in Toronto, (who later became Tip-Top Tailors). She had immigrated to Canada when she was thirteen, from Leeds, Yorkshire, England, to Toronto, along with her parents and her sister. There, as a young girl, she helped her dad with the building of their home. She carried cement buckets and lumber along with her father whom she dearly loved. His pet name for her was "Bill". It was from her dad she inherited those flashing blue eyes, and fun loving ways.
With her lovely face, shining brown hair and those blue eyes, its no wonder Avery was attracted to her. Down the street was the Anglican Church, where Alice sang in the choir and taught a class of girls in Sunday School.
Avery spent his winters working as an apprentice for his father. The summers were spent in Northern Ontario on the survey with his brother, cooking for the crew. He learned how to bake beans and bread in the hot sand after the coals had been scraped away. Many the adventure he shared with Alice of portaging the canoes overland in rough spots, and shooting the rapids of the swift flowing streams. One island was named Alice Island, after the girl Avery was beginning to care for. His heart was happy when he found that she returned his love.
However, Avery had a dream. He had travelled west by rail years before, hitching rides in box cars. The call of the west was in his blood, and was continually on his mind. Now that he had found Alice, he decided to take his savings and head out to find a place to settle, and make a home for them.
The Northwest was opening up. His brother had given him a South African War Grant that was not valid after July, 1913. He felt there was great opportunities for them in the west. He was strong, and he wasn't afraid of work. The future looked bright, and his sweetheart would wait for him.
Avery's father, mother, and grandfather were born in Canada. His father's ancestors had originated in Ireland, and immigrated to Canada in the early 1800's, crossing the sea with a large family of thirteen children. They settled in the Ottawa area, at Gananoque.
The Robert Thompson Kenny family portrait circa 1910
Avery Arthur Kenny - Family Tree View - the children were all born at Seeley's Bay in eastern Ontario
1910 (perhaps) - Irene Montrose Kenny (Avery) and one of her daughters
1910 King Street looking west from Yonge Street
1910 (abt) Eatons Delivery wagons
1910 (abt) Public Library at Broadview and Gerrard street
1910 (abt) S African Land Grand given to Avery by brother Carman
1911 (abt) Avery Kenny on survey crew in northern Ontario, in back of canoe with unknown team member up front
1911 (abt) Survey crew camp (where Avery was the cook)
1911 (abt) Avery Kenny on Lake of Woods Survey crew - nicely posed photo
1911 (abt) Avery Kenny on survey crew at Lake of the Woods
1911 (abt) Avery or brother Carman on Survey crew near Lake of the Woods, Ontario (perhaps brother's hand on his shoulder)
1911 Lake of the Woods Survey crew - last move was on sleighs
1915 (abt) Great Grandma Mary Ann Avery (approx 85) and daughter Irene Kenny (Avery) (approx. 60) in this photo
1915 (abt) Robert Thompson Kenny's dental office in Toronto
1915 - 1920 (abt) - Robert Thompson Kenny and grandson, Toronto
1915 (perhaps) formal portrait of John Blackburn, Alice Kenny's father
1920 (abt) Robert Thompson Kenny in his garden in Toronto
1915 Alice and Eliza Blackburn with their mother Harriet (centre)
1915 Alice Blackburn Kenny in Toronto
1915 Blackburn residence at 99 Jones Avenue, Toronto
1915 Alice Blackburn Kenny Portrait
1915 Avery Arthur Kenny, formal portrait
1916 January wedding photo
c) - THE BEGINNING: Continued....
As a lad, Avery was forced to leave school in grade eight to help his mother keep the home together when his father and two older brothers were away in the Boer War and the South African War. He worked in a livery stable making fifty cents each week, which he brought home and gave to his mother and sister to provide food for the table. He kept five cents to buy a bag of peppermints, which he shared with the family.
Now he was heading out. The weather was balmy with winter break-up as he said goodbye to his saintly mother, who quietly tucked a Bible in with his belongings. Little did he know the lonely winter nights ahead when he would pore over it's pages while the wind raged around his one room log cabin in the North.
As his father said goodbye, he handed him a pair of forceps. "You never know when you might need them, son." Prophetic words indeed, for many a tooth was to be pulled with them in the years ahead.
When Avery said goodbye to Alice, they had no way of knowing it would be three long years, and World War l would be in force before they would meet again.
General route of the train from Toronto to Edmonton and on to Edson - these were not express trains so to preserve context we have shown it as a bicycle route
General direction of the Edson Trail from Edson to Elmworth, Alberta
d) - THE EDSON TRAIL: Part 1
When Avery arrived in Edmonton, June 2, 1913, the first people he met was a couple of American farmers. One of them was named Carl Schliedge. After hearing tales of the great possibilities in the Peace River area, Avery made up his mind to go there. Carl decided to go with him.
Avery bought a team of mules, whom he named Betsy and Darlene. He was to become famous as 'the kid with the mules'. They were the only mules in the country at that time, but Avery found they were strong, and quicker than horses. He bought a light wagon, with the mules in mind. It would not be too heavy for them to pull. Along with his grub-stake (food supplies), he bought a single walking plow. This plow was to tum the first sod south of the Red Willow River for a neighbour by the name of George Dumbeck. He set out the first week in June, 1913, and along with Carl, travelled first to Edson, then headed out over the Edson Trail.
In 1909, the Grand Trunk Railway was pushing its way slowly west from Edmonton to Jasper. Somewhere along the way there would have to be a jumping-off place for entering the Peace River Country. The people in Edson decided to start cutting a road through the bush, hoping the Government would finish it, and thus ensure that Edson would stay an important junction as the Peace opened up. It worked out, for the Government sent in an excellent engineer, A.H.MacGuire, who was to perform this task of cutting a passable road through the bush from Edson to Sturgeon Lake. Enterprising individuals went in to build stopping houses at many points along the trail. They cut hay in the meadows, brought in supplies, and provided rest and food for the weary, sometimes sick, oxen, horses and travellers.
The Edson Trail was two hundred and fifty miles of mud, muskeg, and mosquitoes. In 1911 when it was built, it was the shortest route from the railway into the Grande Prairie region. It was used for only four years. During that time thousands of settlers travelled it, for they had heard about the fertile farm lands of Saskatoon Lake, Bear Lake, and the Beaverlodge area. Much of the road was over muskeg, (no bottom to it), where they laid miles of corduroy to make it passable. In the mud a wagon would sink in up to the axles and the oxen would be floundering in the mud up to their bellies. When they got stuck this way, there was nothing else to do but unload the wagon and carry the cargo piece by piece to the other side. This made countless trips with the precious load in the arms or on the back, sinking in mud up to the knees at every step. When all this hard work was accompanied by the hot sun, there was sure to be the mosquitoes and bull-flies adding to their torment.
If it was raining, (and it rained much of the time), then the matter was much worse, for it added to the mud problem. It also meant wet wood for the campfire, wet clothing, and untold misery. Some got discouraged and turned back. Those that went on, many of whom were women and children, had to take rest at odd times along the way. In some instances, it took three months to make the trip. The animals wore out and many died of fatigue or starvation, for feed and hay were very scarce. Some of the travellers were not able to buy feed, because of its scarcity, or lack of money. In that case, it was too bad, unless some kind soul took pity on them. Many people were compassionate, and if they had it to give, they would give.
In a few spots, there were meadows where the settlers often camped for as long as ten days to rest and feed their animals on the rich grass. One family had the misfortune to have a team of horses back off a bridge, and fall into the river. Another party of four men walked the two hundred miles with packs on their backs. A little English woman, Mary Ann O'Connell, was just two years out from city life in London. She was obliged to walk behind the ox-pulled wagon and carry her three week old baby as the jolting of the wagon made him sick. She was wearing high buttoned English boots, and the temperature was seventy or eighty degrees. When the baby became sick, they were forced to camp by Half-Way-River until he got well enough to go on. There were three brothers in the group, who were driving in a herd of cattle. As Mary Ann walked, the others in the party were able to travel much faster than her, so she ended up falling far behind. Perhaps it came as a relief when the wagons would get stuck, for that gave her the chance to catch up.
Hover over photos for caption, Click on images to enlarge:
We are told these are the Betsy and Darlene's Harness Bells; Avery Kenny 1913 with his mules headed out over the Edson Trail. Avery earned the name of The Kid With The Mules. They were the first mules over the Edson Trail
1912 Edson Trail and Ferry
1914 A bad hole on the Edson Trail
1914 paper noted 'some very favourable changes to the traveling public'
1912 - Buckskin Charlie driving the Mail Team across a river on the snowy Edson-Grande Prairie Trail
Three views of the Baptiste River
e) - THE EDSON TRAIL: Continued
Into the second week on the Trail they arrived at the Baptiste River, to find it was in flood, and no ferry. The men swam the oxen and cattle across. A raft was made for Mary Ann, who, with heart in her mouth and many prayers, I'm sure, got on board, and crossed the swollen swift running stream with her two little children clutched to her bosom. Her mother-in-law, who had come over from England with them, bravely stayed with the wagon as it was floated across the river. The top side boards on the wagon came off and floated away. Mary Ann's trunks with all of' her precious treasures, her rocking chair, and her only coat, floated down the stream. In the years to follow, this family had many a long lean year; but finally made their homesteads into fine, prosperous farms, with modern homes.
Another family ran into trouble when the husband broke his leg. The plucky little one hundred pound wife set the leg with home-made splints cut from the bush. That accomplished, she took over the team. This was done along with washing clothes beside the streams, cooking over the campfire, and keeping an eye on four active girls. It took four months for them to reach their destination.
Unfortunately, for many the Edson Trail did not tum out with a happy ending. The trip was especially hard for the women and children. Many children's and not a few settlers graves were dug beside some river, or along the Trail. As they travelled on, steep hills would cause problems, especially around the Athabaska River. There they often hitched two teams to one load in order to get to the top, or they would unload and make two or three trips with partial loads. At this section, many had to abandon the heavier and less useful of their belongings. A piano sat by the road at Mile 35 for a long time. Mowers and other farm machinery were left by the side of the road to be claimed again next year, or during the winter, when it would be easier to travel with the frost in the ground. People who travelled that trail were honest, no one ever reported losing anything they had left behind.
The Edson Trail was not used after 1916, when the railway arrived in the Grande Prairie country. Avery proudly cherished the memory of coming in over the Trail. His trip was not as hard as most, for they were travelling light. His wagon did not sink into the swamp as did the heavier loads. Often he would go around a crew who were stuck, and carry on his way. He had a July 1st deadline to file claim on his land. They arrived at the Big Smoky, and found a great number of people camped along the river as the ferry had a broken cable and had drifted down the river. The Government was supposed to come to repair it, but Avery couldn't wait. He and Carl decided to take the wagon apart and made a raft in order to float the supplies across. They crossed the river five times, and swam the mules across. While they were assembling their belongings and putting the wagon together, a young American boy drowned while swimming his horse across the river. He had been travelling with a family named Waldo, who settled a few miles from Avery's homestead. Mrs. Waldo was to later deliver Avery and Alice's children who were born in the log house along the Red Willow River.
The first letter Avery wrote to Alice from his piece of land was full of excitement for the future. Dated July 18, 1913:
"Well, I have filed, alight. I'll have a dandy place for you some day. I have a piece of river running through, lots of wood, and coal in a seam that runs along the river bank. There is A-1 land, lots of mountain trout and other kinds of fish. I am going to start drawing logs right away for a barn and a house. Write to me at Hillcourt, Alberta." (Halcourt)
Editor's Note: Photos don't really bring the harshness of the Edson Trail trek into our life experiences today.
Muskeg crawling - imagine trying to drive a team of horses and a loaded wagon through here
Archives photo of horses and wagonload of people in the South Peace
Smoky River (a tributary of the Peace River) near Grande Cache, Alberta - so named due to seams of coal along the riverbanks that occasionally would catch fire
Red Willow River, AB near the Homestead, and may have looked very much like this in the summertime
Red Willow River Falls in the Grande Prairie area, Alberta
Certainly his days ahead were full. Avery bought a team of oxen to help get out the logs for his buildings. One of the greatest blessings he had was Carl, who lived with him, and was a good hand with an axe. He could expertly trim the bark from the trees, making the top and bottom of each log flat. This way the logs would fit together and could be chinked up with river mud. On the long winter days and nights, Carl spent his time making bunks, chairs, table, and benches. One bench that stayed in the home for years had 'Alice' carved on the underside. You can be sure that wasn't Carl's work.
There was land to be cleared and hay to be cut for the animals for the winter ahead. It was too late to put in a garden. They ate lots of beans and rice.
Editor's note: Let's think for a few moments what a log cabin with a sod roof and dirt floors was actually like; here are some images, the last one is the log house Avery built.
Log cabins first lived in, in the Peace River country, had one door, one window, a dirt floor, and a sod roof; Avery's cabin did not have glass in the window yet when he and Alice returned after their marriage.
A typical log cabin with a dirt floor, a sod roof, and one window. How many of us today, just a little over 100 years later, think we could live like that?
1915 - 1935 - Avery Kenny family's log house - note there is only one window on this side of the house
g) - THE ANNUAL SPORTS DAY
On the following May 24, the countryside was humming with a big event. 'The Annual Sports Day', which was to be held at Beaverlodge, fifteen miles from Avery's farm. Avery had gone to Beaverlodge to ensure a colt for his mare the next spring and took in the big day. There was baseball, wrestling matches, foot races, bucking contests, and a concert at night. Anyone who could entertain at all had the go ahead.
Avery wrote to Alice about the crowd of two thousand people, and that he arrived home about 4 am. Did our hero go to bed? No sir! He had invited two families of friends to come to his place to fish! As soon as he arrived home, he started baking bread, stewing up dried apples and raisins, and got a batch of baked beans in the oven. The folks arrived at 9 am. Avery caught some fresh trout by lunch time, and with the other refreshments, they had a regular feast. To enjoy friends in that country was a God-send, and this was one of those occasions.
After the guests had left, Avery checked out the sow he had bedded down in the barn, and found she was in the middle of her delivery. Not wanting any harm to come to her, he watched over her all night. In the morning she had six lively piglets. This pig was a real snoop. Avery had a fish line in the little river, and one day caught eighteen fish. Carl and Avery cleaned them and placed them in a wooden box in the river to keep them fresh. John, the 'sow, waded out in the river to the box. What she didn't eat of the fish, she let float away down the river. The men didn't care too much, because the next morning they caught another fifteen.
They woke up the next morning to find a new colt in the barn. Avery had four hens setting on fifteen eggs each. Spring was in the air. Neighbours moved into their house across the river, which Carl had built. Avery broke a piece of land for them with his small walking plow. Every spare minute in the summer months was spent clearing land with the oxen, burning brush, and picking rocks. By September 1914, he had forty tons of hay ready for his stock that winter.
Disaster, however, had struck the chickens. Out of one hundred chickens, the hawks had carried away forty-seven. They would swoop down and pluck them out of his open chicken run. Finally, they devised the idea to place poles cut from the woods across the top making a makeshift roof. One morning, on hearing a great noise from the chickens, Avery went out to find a hawk right inside the chicken run. He made short work of it.
That year, 1914, there was a killing frost in mid summer, and all the gardens were frozen. Avery wrote to Alice that Carl was smoking chewing tobacco because he had run out of cigarette tobacco. 'You ask me what I need the most? The answer is 'you'. He goes on to say: "When the river freezes over, I will drive the team along the ice and get some coal from the seam along the river bank." Twenty years later they were still using coal from that same seam.
Instead of the steep bank that was used by the settlers to travel up and down to the shallow river crossing, a grade was dug from the side of the hill that summer. It was hard work, all the extra dirt being dug out by a scoop. One of the neighbours helped him, and a small miracle happened on the day it was finished. Avery found a twenty dollar bill on the ground at the top of the grade. That was a lot of money in those days, and as he wasn't able to find out where it came from, he claimed it as payment for his work.
November 1914 he wrote to Alice about the many settlers who were having a hard time because of frozen gardens from the early frost. Because Alice had written worried about his welfare, he listed for her every scrap of food he had in the house. He must have recently made a trip over the Trail to get supplies, because here is what he had on hand: dry apples, thirty pounds, raisins, thirty pounds, cranberries, lots of them, dry saskatoons, rice, fifty pounds, lard, twenty five pounds, beans, fifty pounds, cornmeal, twenty pounds, oatmeal, ten pounds, pearl barley, flour, two hundred pounds, tea, sixteen pounds, coffee, ten pounds, sugar one hundred pounds, yeast cakes, candles. He told her sadly how a nail had poked a hole in a bag of sugar, causing it all to leak out along the Trail.
December 1, he wrote telling Alice how he had shot his first silver fox. He had spied it sitting in the moonlight on the frozen river bed. Taking good aim, he had nailed it where it sat. He skinned it, leaving the toe nails on, and sent it to his brother to sell.
Towards the end of 1915, Avery went back to Toronto to be married to Alice. Another homesteader, named George Beadle, went East at the same time, also to be married.
Alice tells of the return trip in January 1916. They met Sadie and George, the other young newly wed couple, at North Bay, and travelled together. It took three days to get to Edmonton, and three weeks to make the trip into the Peace River Country. The ED & BC Railway was in the process of being built. They took the first work train out of Edmonton. Avery had counted on the usual January Chinook wind from the Rockies for warmer weather, but that year there was no Chinook wind. It was fifty below zero, and a north wind blowing when they started out. As they chugged into Lesser Slave Lake, the train froze up.
The food ran out and there was no light or heat. The dozen or so passengers were taken to a fish camp along Slave Lake to eat and get warm while they sent to Smith for another engine. When the train arrived, this engine also froze up. They managed to get to McLennan with the next engine, where there was a hotel and a boarding house. The trainmen grabbed the hotel rooms, and Avery and Alice, George and Sadie, booked in at the boarding house. The women knew their men didn't have much money. More than once on the train they pretended not to be hungry when mealtime came around. Now, they made beds for a week for their keep; Alice said they had fun doing it. The story was told how Avery was ready to kill a man who had insulted her. Her comment on those days was, "I didn't know what I was headed into."
After a week at McLennan they got a chance to ride in the caboose on the train as far as the Smoke River. The settlement consisted of a few rough shacks. The mule team and Harry Brown, (a neighbour who was staying in Avery's cabin and looking after the stock while he was away), was supposed to meet them there. However, Avery's letter to Harry had not gotten through to him. They stayed at the Smoky for two days. The team didn't arrive, so they decided to take the work train when it went on to the end of the steel, which was two miles before Spirit River.
The weather was sixty below, with wind and drifting snow. Avery and George walked the two miles to see if the team was at Spirit River, but no team. It was two o'clock in the morning when they got the help of a neighbour, George White, who was at the train with a team and a flat deck on a hay rack. They hooked up the team, and drove to the train, where the girls and the luggage were loaded on. Everything went well until they reached a ravine, where going up the steep incline on the other side, girls, luggage, and all, slid off the flat deck into the snowbank. In the bitter cold, the horses fell down, and had to be unhitched. The luggage had to be carried to the top of the ravine, during which Avery froze his hands.
On reaching Spirit River, they stayed at the English and Caufman hotel. The next day George walked on to Spitfire Lake near Grande Prairie. He was gone for three days, and came back with a team. The group made it to Spitfire Lake the next day, and stayed at McLeans, where George and Sadie were going to work. Avery walked on to Lake Saskatoon the next day, and asked about his team. No team, but he found the letter at the post-office that he had written to Carl, asking him to have the team sent to meet him. Avery began the walk to Beaverlodge. He stopped at Jimmy Dixon's place, where Jimmy told him that Harry Brown had been at Lake Saskatoon that morning with the mule team.
Finally, Avery caught up to his team by walking back to Lake Saskatoon, where Matt Graham had stopped the team as Avery had instructed him to do if they should come along. He drove out for Alice at Spitfire Lake, and brought her to the McNaught's, four miles west of Beaverlodge. There they stayed overnight, eleven miles from home. The McNaught's had a big log house with a tent over the top, until they could get lumber for the roof. Alice played the piano that evening, much to Betty McNaught's delight.
They started out for the homestead the next morning. Harry Brown had been batching in the house while Avery was away. The log cabin, with a sod roof and dirt floor welcomed them home. Avery had brought a piece of glass for a window over the Edson Trail, which was an enormous feat, but Carl had broken it putting it in.
1916 Wedding photo (and Book cover)
The cabin needed cleaning, and the next morning Alice set to it. When she discovered a pail hanging from the roof with some queer, strange smelling stuff in it, she promptly threw it out. She had thrown out the sour-dough with which they had the starter for their bread. They lived on biscuits until they got to a neighbour to beg another batch. Not used to farm life, she thought the cream she was whipping had gone bad when it turned into butter, so she threw that out too. She was so pleased with the eggs the hens laid, at the beginning she gathered them one at a time, as they were produced.
Two weeks after she arrived, the minister rode out from Beaverlodge on horseback to see if they would have church in their home. For twelve years, once a month, this became a regular event.
Neighbours came, and many stayed for supper. Later, in the larger house, there would be two people sitting on each step that led upstairs, while others packed the plank seats Avery had made ready before the services. Alice played a suitcase organ in the early days, pumping, playing, and singing, often with a baby on her knee. Once she did all this with her eye on a hawk that was circling over the chicken pen, ready to strike. Sometimes she would sing a solo in her beautiful soprano voice. The one most remembered by Irene was;
There were ninety and nine that safely lay,
In the shelter of the fold;
But one was out on the hills away,
Far off from the gates of gold--
ln later years, Avery's mother passed away, and left her piano to Irene, who was the fourth child. It was shipped by train to Grande Prairie, where the horses ran away with it in the wagon. It wasn't back in tune again for a year, when a piano tuner unannounced rode into the yard.
Robert was born in November 1916, on the homestead, with a neighbour, Mrs. Waldo, as mid-wife. She also assisted when Eddie and Arthur were born, but Arthur was a difficult breach birth. Alice nearly died bringing him into the world. She swore she would never have another baby without a Dr's. attention.
In 1917, homesteaders started coming into the North country in earnest. They brought their blankets, and as many as fourteen slept overnight in the barn. 1918 was a long, hard winter, bitterly cold.
When Irene was expected in 1921, Alice took the train to Toronto along with the three boys, in order that the baby could be born there. Arthur wasn't yet two years old, and had been sick with Bronchial Pneumonia in the spring. The little mother had to carry him every step of the way, plus look after two other rambunctious boys. It was disastrous when Eddie threw the towel and soap out of the train window.
She stayed in Toronto for six months. Irene was born in Grandmother and Grandfather Blackburn's house. Alice was happy to have a little girl. It was a temptation for her never to in back to the hardship of the farm, but feeling she would be a burden to her mother and dad, she returned home in the spring. Looking back years later, she realized if she had not gone back, Avery would have come East to her.
Marion was born in 1922, Carman in 1929, and George in 1935.
1917 Alice Kenny and Nurse Watherson at Rio Grande
1923 Art (Arthur Roy Kenny) aged 3, son of Avery & Alice Kenny, with puppies at the homestead at Rio Grande
1923 (abt) Arthur Roy Kenny (Art) b 1920 at the homestead at Rio Grande
1925 Arthur Roy (Art) Kenny, 5 1/2 in 1925, at the homestead at Rio Grande
1925 (abt) Children of Avery & Alice Kenny at the homestead, L to R Eddie (7), Art (5), Irene (4), Robert (9), and Marion (2); horse's name was Sylvie, Alice says she was almost a racehorse and was found dead in Boggie Slough
1928 (abt) Avery Kenny with a fox pup, at the homestead
1928 Alice Kenny and one of the older children at Rio Grande with fox pelts
1930 - Robert Avery Kenny aged 14 bringing home a brace of ducks
1930 (abt), Agnes Irene Kenny, daughter of Avery & Alice Kenny, and living in the Rio Grande area of Grande Prairie... and we think this photo may have been taken on a trip back to Ontario, and likely in Toronto.
1930 Alice Kenny (Blackburn) age about 38, likely taken while on a visit to Toronto
1930 Avery& Alice Kenny farmhouse at Rio Grande, AB - they and all their children lived here
1915 - 1935 - Avery Kenny family's log house
1930 A panoramic view of the Avery Kenny farm in the Rio Grande district of Grande Prairie (the house in the background was not Avery Kenny's)
1930 (abt) Robert aged 14, Carmie about 2, fishing in the Red Willow River
1933 Art (Arthur Roy Kenny) aged 13 washing up at the rain barrel, Irene aged 12 supervising!
1930 At the homestead at Rio Grande, the Avery & Alice Kenny children swimming in the Bull River
l) - CARMIE'S STORY
It was Christmas Eve. The boys had gone to the woods to cut down a tree tall enough to stand to the roof. The girls and Arthur and Carman had hung up their stockings and were off to bed. Alice and Avery and Robert and Eddy were hanging the cherished decorations on the tree, and putting candies into the stockings. Suddenly, Alice developed pains in her chest, and Avery carried her to bed. Her sickness turned out to be pneumonia, and she was confined to bed. On Christmas morning, Robert was sick.
Carman rode his new bicycle round and round the tree, and often went to his mother to give her his little smile and words of comfort. Two days later, Carman was dressed, and when he had finished his breakfast, he asked to go play with his little six year old playmate, Alvin. They had sleigh rides down the hills, and he came to the kitchen door smiling and happy, covered with snow. Avery was on his way out to the barn to catch a turkey to dress for New Years. As he met Avery, Carman looked up at him and said, "Daddy, you tell them that Jesus knows how."
In an off handed way, Avery said that he would, and let it go at that. Carmie went with his dad, and they got two turkeys, one for the minister, Rev. Harrison, and one for the family. That was Monday night, and Carman died on Wednesday night. He had pneumonia, and was taken suddenly from the family. As the last little breath left his body, Avery unfolded his heart to God. On his knees, he said, "Oh God, forgive me. I understand he is a messenger," and as he said that, the words: "A little child shall lead them" rang in his brain. He could hear his mother
singing it. Alice was calling for her little sunny boy to come back, but the little one was gone.
When it came to the burial, Alice requested the little boy be buried close to her. Avery waded out in the deep snow and found a place beneath the poplar trees where Carman used to play. He had to take a pickaxe to dig the frozen soil. When he returned and told Alice where they were going to place him, the mother was comforted to know he would be close. The funeral was held in the farm house, with the neighbours surrounding the grieving family. Alice was still in the sick bed. One little sister sat on the steps leading up to her mother's bedroom, and heard for the first time that wonderful old hymn:
Safe in the arms of Jesus,
Safe on His tender breast,
There by His love o'er shaded,
Sweetly my soul shall rest.
During the next few days, Avery could not rest. In his mind were the words: "A little child shall lead them." He wanted to find out whether it was in the scriptures. He looked through the Bible but he couldn't find it. With tears in his eyes, he went to the Dumbecks, who lived across the river. Together they looked, but could not find it. Then they told him what Carman has said before he left for home the evening he was playing on the hillside with Alvin. Suddenly he had stopped playing, and trembling he said,"! must go home, Jesus is coming for me." He went straight home. Jesus did come for him two days later.
Avery trudged his way across the frozen river, pondering the new events he had just heard. Telling Alice about it helped a little, but he was determined to find out if the words: "A little child shall lead them" was in the Bible. Avery got out the team and the sleigh with the wheat box. Driving to the granary, he shovelled on a load of grain. It was stormy and cold. The roads were full of drifts, but he headed for Beaverlodge, sixteen miles away.
Upon arrival at the grain elevator, he unloaded the grain and cared for his team, then headed for Rev. Harrison's residence, and told him what Carnan had said. Avery said: "Can you help me find out if there is such a scripture as "A little child shall lead them?" Immediately, Rev. Harrison opened the Bible, and there it was: Isaiah 11;16. Rejoicing, he could hardly wait to get home to tell Alice, but he continued to wonder how "The little child shall lead them." He wanted to study, so he went to the neighbour again, who gave him a book called Watchtower, saying it might help him. Avery could not make head or tail of it. Feeling he must go to the Bible again, he took his Bible down. At that very sitting, in a book of so many pages, he turned to Mark 9;37: And Jesus called a little child unto Him, and set him in the midst of them, and said: "Verily l say unto you, except ye become converted and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven."
Now Avery understood. It was God who spoke to him on the doorstep, and he didn't understand. It was God who spoke to him when the child was dead, and he understood. "Has the world got to die to understand?" he thought. No, Avery decided, God was with him in the message he had received. As he wrote it down, he tells that God wanted him to convey that message to the world, and his little son had come as a messenger to explain it to him; It had to do with the faith, love, friendship and truth that can be found in little children. God has put the little child into every home in some way. Let them be our guide, Avery writes. Take the little child that creeps the floor, look into his or her eyes, see the love, the friendship and trust as they put their arms about your neck and cling. Look at the faith they have in us. Would you not want to live in a word like this?
This is what God means in the message. Unless we be converted and become as a little child we cannot have peace on earth and goodwill towards men. Neither can there be peace in the home, in the churches, among the nations. Jesus explained it to His disciples, when He spoke about the children. Carman explained it to Avery when he told him, "Daddy you tell them that Jesus knows how." Love through Jesus Christ is the answer. We can only achieve this by pulling together.
Avery was concerned how he would be able to give out the message he believed God had given him for the world. One afternoon Alice came home from the Ladies Aid Meeting, and told Avery the news that the women wanted to honour him with a picnic because they considered him to be the senior pioneer in the area. It was to be the first Old Timers Picnic. Alice and Avery invited them to have the picnic at their place, to be held July 3, 1933. That would be exactly twenty years to the day that Avery had set foot on the soil of his homestead there along the Red Willow River. Avery arranged the program, with foot-races, horse shoe tossing, basketball, baseball, and speeches. Everyone was to bring a picnic lunch to be shared together. Avery was asked to share about their pioneer days. One Sunday afternoon he sat down to write out his speech.
Alice had gone to church with the children. The house was quiet. Avery looked out the kitchen window towards the tall poplar trees which threw their shadow across the little grave. He planned to tell Carmie's message somehow. He would start with his story about the early days, the trip over the Trail, and lead into Carman's story, which was so near to his heart. However, he felt inadequate about it, he knew every time he mentioned the little boy's name, Alice would start to cry. That was his greatest concern. Therefore he arranged that Rev. Harrison should tell that part of the speech. He gave the minister all the details, and felt relieved. To the family's great joy, Alice's mother came to visit them for the first time. Avery thought God had arranged it, so Alice could have comfort when Carmie's story was told.
The day of the picnic dawned clear and warm. It seemed the whole countryside began arriving at the farm house. Some drove down the hill, others crossed the river from the Elmworth area, with cars, on horseback, or with wagons and Bennett Buggies (wagons with rubber wheels for easier ride.). Approximately three hundred people attended. One hour before people were to arrive, a message came that Rev. Harrison could not attend because he was sick. Avery prepared as best he could with the little time he had. His speech went well, until he came to Carman's message he wanted to share to the world. He knew God understood he could not speak because of his emotions.
That is the reason why, twenty five years later, as he lay in the hospital suffering from a very serious heart attack, he said to his oldest daughter, "Renie, our life story should be told, I know you will do it." I have endeavoured to tell it, and l am glad.
1930 Carmie (Carman John Kenny) aged about 1 1/2 at the homestead in the Rio Grande District
1930 (abt) Carmie about 2 1/2 with his oldest brother Robert aged 14, fishing in the Red willow River
1931 Carmie (Carman John Kenny) aged about 2 1/2 at the Red Willow River with the family dog
Carmie Oh how much light Oh how much joy Came through This little messenger boy
1932 Grave marker for Carmie (Carman John Kenny) aged 3 years
Editor's Note: Family member memories often differ from person to person, and they do in the case of Carmie's Story.
Right click on Download File and open in a new Tab:
the_story_of_carman_kenny.pdf
m) - ENTER: THE FUR INDUSTRY
In 1923, some of the local Indians came to Avery with a batch of fox cubs they had dug out of the hills. Avery traded a horse to them for the foxes, and set about building a place to keep them. An area sheltered by the hillside was fenced off by standing rough planks on end in a large square. A huge mound of soil was placed in the centre, providing a place for the foxes to dig their own lair. This provided warmth in winter, coolness in the hot summer, and a safe haven where the babies could be born the next spring.
Until the fox pen could be built, the foxes were kept in the loft above the barn. When the news circulated about the need, old horses were brought to Avery from all around the country to be used for fox feed. The meat was cut in strips and dried by hanging them over wire which was strung through the trees. This was done in early spring before there were flies around. The strips were soaked in a pail of water each day, and thrown to the foxes. That was all that was needed, besides fresh water. There were red, silver, and cross foxes in the line.
The fur industry in the Kenny family had begun. Avery bought a small number of mink in the early thirties. In 1936, the family gave up the farm and moved to Faust, a small town on Lesser Slave Lake. They had been through the depression with all the hard times and hard work. There was little to show for it. This may have been the way it seemed. However, Alice's heart was warmed by an act of love from the women at Elmworth. There was a parting gift - perhaps it was the Friendship Quilt, which she had in her possession and treasured. It had the ladies names embroidered on it. The accompanying page reads as follows:.
Elmworth, Alberta June 19, 1936
Dear Mrs. Kenny:
We, your friends and neighbours of Elmworth, take this opportunity of expressing our great sorrow and loss at the thought of your departure from our midst. Perhaps most of us here came to Elmworth by Kenny's Crossing, and found a welcome at the foot of the hill and were cheered to know we had a friendly neighbour in the land. Our husbands and neighbours, who spent many happy hours under your roof, gained the vision and courage necessary to establish a hope under trying circumstances.
While yours was the lot of enduring extreme hardships, it was also your privilege of making a comfortable, cheery, home for your family, and encouraging innumerable others in the years when there were very few women in the country. In the succeeding years we have always been sure of help for any worthy cause.
We regret also the loss of your family whom we feel are a credit to you. Indeed our community will be much poorer through the loss of yourself, Mr. Kenny, and the children. We shall brave the hills and ford the river-crossing no more except when necessary, when our hearts will be saddened at the memory of the many times we spent there in a visit, at church, or picnic.
We beg of you to accept this humble token of our love and esteem. May it serve to remind you of your friends here whose good wishes follow you to your new home."
The names of twenty-two women were enclosed, but no record as to who wrote the speech. You can be sure tears were shed at the event when the gift and speech was given. These ladies were parting with a fun-loving, hard-working friend. One whose life as a pioneer along-side her husband had been a shining example to them all.
There was also a farewell from the neighbours on the Rio Grande side of the river. This was held at the Black's home, with a gift of money from those friends who had so little money to spare. It was a heart rending time.
Kenny Homestead to Faust, AB
1936 Faust, AB - Old Adams store converted into the Avery Kenny family home
1937 at Faust, AB - Irene with George (about 3 yearsold) and Paddy
1937 (abt) - Robert Kenny and friend Jack Bryam ice fishing with nets for mink feed on Lesser Slave Lake
1937 (abt) bringing the ice fishing catch back to shore
1937 (abt) Art Kenny and friend Jack Bryam with a net full of fish on Lesser Slave Lake
1937 (abt) Art & Robert Kenny on Lesser Slave Lake with the Kenny truck that tried to "get away"!
1937 (abt) Lesser Slave Lake and the Kenny truck that tried to "get away"!
1937 - the boat named Blanche, at Lesser Slave Lake with
1937 Robert Kenny's boat 'Carmie', on the shores of Lesser Slave Lake
1939 - Children of Avery & Alice Kenny at the mink farm in Faust, AB - Irene b.1921, Marion b. 1923, and Georgie b. 1935
1940 (abt) at Faust - Auntie Martha Brown, Irene Kenny, Marion Kenny and Georgie Kenny
1940 at Faust, AB - Auntie Martha and George Kenny
1940 George Aberheart Kenny, Auntie Martha Brown
1940 (abt) - Irene and George at Faust, AB
1940s - Grandpa Avery Kenny, at Faust, AB - Celebration was for getting a "new" truck! Alice relates that "The boys drove the truck much more than their dad. He drove the truck home one day but forgot how to stop it. The boys were shouting for him to step on the brake, however, he drove the truck into the garage to stop it and pushed out the end of the garage."
1941 Irene (Agnes Irene Kenny, daughter of Avery Kenny and Alice Kenny (Blackburn) b. 1921 in Toronto, Ontario)
1941 (abt), photo taken in Edmonton, Marion Kenny (daughter of Avery Kenny & Alice Kenny)
1943 Art (Arthur Roy Kenny) weds Nina Elizabeth Sheldon of Kinuso, AB. L to R Eddie, Art, Nina, & Marion at Faust, Alberta
1943 (abt) Eddie Kenny holding Richard, Alice, then Nina and Art Kenny B & W
1943 (abt) Eddie Kenny holding Richard, Alice, then Nina and Art Kenny
1944 Marion (Marion Isobel Kenny, b 1923), daughter of Avery Kenny & Alice Kenny (Blackburn), a WW II WREN, in Halifax
1940s - Main Street in Faust, Alberta
Bruce Hotel in Faust, AB
Tipis at Faust, AB
In September 1953 a devastating fire destroyed the freezer factory for mink feed and 175 tons of fish, the entire summer's catch
When the family moved to Faust, it was for the better financially. The regret was for the friends who were left behind. There was heartache for all of them over the little grave alone there under the trees. In the new location, Avery and Alice continued in the fur industry, and raised the family. Alice returned every summer to make the little grave neat by cutting the grass and planting flowers. The young man who leased the property for grazing land thoughtfully made a strong fence around the area to keep the cattle out. The family appreciated this kindness so much. Several years later, permission was granted by the government to have the grave moved to Victory Memorial Gardens, Surrey, B.C.
Shortly after arriving at Faust, Avery decided to give up the foxes. He began developing an excellent line of mink, for which he and the boys were to win many fine prizes in the years to come. The boys fished the lake for mink feed, and the girls attended school. George was only a little fellow when World War II came along. The war scattered the family for several years.
Robert joined the army soon after war broke out. He served in the Calgary Highlanders in England, France and Belgium. He was wounded in action, and spent some time in hospital. Upon his return home, he married his sweetheart, Norma Sinclair. They established a mink ranch, and a chicken ranch, and brought up their family, Sheila, Scott, Mark, and Ann in Port Perry, Ontario. Upon retirement, they moved to Comox, B.C.
Eddy married Alice Treleaven, from Enilda, Alberta, in 1938 and settled in to a little house near mother and dad. He stayed on to help his dad with the mink ranch, and drove a road maintainer pulled by his horses for several years while at Faust. His love for horses continued after the move to White Rock in 1952, when he and Alice owned some very fine quarter horses, including a prize stallion named Guthrie Bob. They also had prize mink. Five children, Richard, Barbara, Marjory, and the twins, Doreen and Douglas, made up their family. Most of the children were excellent riders, winning prizes at horse shows and exhibitions. Upon giving up the mink raising, Eddy drove a school bus, and was loved by all the kids. He passed away with a heart attack in 1979.
While mourning the passing of my brother l was comforted by the Lord when He definitely said, "Eddy is with Me." Our fun-loving tender-hearted brother is gone, but he lives on in our dearest memories.
Arthur married Nina Sheldon, a young lady from Kinuso, Alberta, while in the Air Force during the war, shortly before going overseas. He served as an Airframe Mechanic in England. Upon his return home, he and Nina had four children, Ted, Linda, Roy and Karen. They set up mink ranching in Faust and moved to White Rock along with the rest of the Kenny's in 1952. There they settled in the Cloverdale area, and raised fine mink. When he gave up the mink ranching, Arthur worked on the B.C. Ferries for several years, and later as a gardener.
Marion joined the WRENS during the war, and was stationed in Ottawa and Halifax. There she met Jimmy Walker, who was with the Merchant Navy. After the war they were married at Faust and later returned there to establish a home and a mink ranch. They had a family of four fair haired boys, Dale, Randy, Gordon and Gary. They made the move to White Rock along with the rest of the Kenny's, and raised mink. When the wearing of mink went out of style, they stopped raising them, and Jimmy worked for Canada Customs. For a few years, Marion and Jimmy were separated. Jim later passed away. Marion worked for George and Sylvia on their mink ranch, and also for Irene and Alfred in their Ear Protection business. She is now retired and lives in White Rock.
George spent the greater part of his life raising mink, first helping his mother and dad, and then working the home ranch which he inherited. He married Sylvia Ready and they had a family of five girls, Georgia, Cory, Jillian, and the twins, Leslie and Lisa.
p) - Footnote regarding Grande Prairie and Edson Trail History
The Peace River country was one of the last agricultural areas in Canada to be settled because it was so remote. It took months for the original settlers to get to Grande Prairie from Edmonton and they could only travel in winter when the rivers were frozen.
This 20 minute video published in 2015 intermixes history and a modern trek of the same area, and validates much of the story Irene told.
Peace River - Grande Prairie and Edson Trail history
q) - Family Galleries:
1887 (abt) Harriet Blackburn (Eaton) - perhaps about the time of her marriage at Leeds, West Yorkshire
1915 (abt) Harriet Blackburn, Alice's mother, at 99 Jones Avenue in Toronto
1920s (abt) - Harriet (Eaton) Blackburn & John Blackburn, in Toronto
1931 Harriet (Eaton) Blackburn, at 99 Jones Avenue in Toronto
1945 (abt) Edward (Eddie) Kenny, son of Avery and Alice Kenny, with wife Alice Kenny (Treleaven). Alice says they were in Edmonton on mink business and her mouth was still frozen from a dentist visit.... but it's a great photo!
1946 Grandma Alice Kenny and Michael Avery Smith, Beamsville, Ontario
1954 Carman Kenny (son of Robert Kenny and Irene Avery) is with the children of Ivan Smith and Irene Kenny at their home in South Surrey, BC (Colleen b 1953, Marion b 1951, Marguerite b 1950, Brian b 1947, and Michael b 1946)
1956 - Avery Arthur Kenny Family Christmas in South Surrey Back row - Arthur, George, Edward, Robert Front row - Marion, Avery, Alice, and Irene
1959 Obituary of Avery Arthur Kenny, White Rock, BC
1960 - 1964 Grandma Alice Kenny (Blackburn) in her travelling days after Grandpa died; South Surrey in her garden on the 10 acre mink ranch. Probably her big trip to Australia and New Zealand. She won a prize for having the most or having the most grandchildren, 26 at that time! I (Marion) have that silver bracelet!
1970 - The Ivan & Irene Smith family, Brian's wedding to Janet in White Rock. Marion, Marguerite, Brian, Ivan, Irene, with her mink stole, Michael, Colleen and Sharon. Brian is the son of Charles Smith and Irene Allin (Kenny) and grandson of Avery and Alice Kenny
1992 - Robert Avery Kenny's 75th birthday ( b. 1916 at the Homestead, d. 2008 in Comox); In the photo the first person on the left in the back row is Marion, then Nina, Art, Irene, Alfred. Front row sitting Robert, then Norma and Alice
2001 (abt) at Art & Nina's home in South Surrey - L to R, Norma Kenny (Robert's wife), Irene Kenny, Robert Kenny, Alice Marjorie Kenny (Edward Eaton Kenny's wife), Nina Kenny (Arthur's wife), Marion Walker ( nee Kenny), Arthur Kenny. Norma & Robert were visiting from Vancouver Island.
2007 Wedding of Sari McPherson & Rob Boschman with text
2007 – In Salmon Arm, BC in July the Smith family gathered for the wedding of Colleen Smith's daughter Sari McPherson (granddaughter of Irene Kenny Smith & Ivan Smith, great granddaughter of Avery & Alice Kenny) wedding to Robert Boschman. The main players in this wedding party were of course, Sari, and Rob Boschman on the right side. Other participants of note were Marion Chell (Sari's aunt) next to the groom, Ivan Smith (Sari's grandfather) seated in the chair, Marion's son Chris Kennedy w/son Rowan on his lap, Colleen Smith (mother of the bride) Ivan, Michael Smith, Irene Kenny ( Sari's great grandmother), Sharon Irene Clark (Sari's aunt), and Brian Ivan Smith (Sari's uncle).
2017 (abt) - Brian Ivan Smith, fly fisherman extraordinaire!
2018 - Marj Kenny, daughter of Eddie Kenny & Alice Treleaven, in her square dancing outfit she made. Marj says she has been square dancing for 15 years.
2018 - Marjorie Alice Kenny at annual Surrey Square Wheelers square dance club's party
Date unknown; Some in the family believe this Kenny Lake on the Trans Canada Highway may have been named by the Kenny brothers as they worked on survey crews in Northern Ontario


As with any content management system, Drupal can throw up some interesting search engine optimisation issues that you need to be aware of, especially duplicate content problems which can come about due to Pagination of your blog and taxonomy pages and views but also you can create duplicate content issues if you use a lot of tags and only tag one but of content with each tag.
I just found 3 other [b]web design and marketing companies[/b] that had lifted content off our site and used it as their own.
Of course if they knew anything they would know that Google only likes original content so will penalise them for copying content from someone else but will also penalise us!
Just took a very strange call from a company in the UK. Instead of the standard approach you expect from a cold caller, where they'd introduce themselves, their company and then try to explain what they could do for you.
On this call, the sales person started talking to me as if they were from Google and wanting to talk about 'my' SEO and 'my' Google Analytics.
He started out with: "I can see from looking at YOUR Analytics, compared to YOUR Ad-word data, that more people ..."
Google announced recently that Google Plus has reached a landmark 90 million users. Considering Google Plus only launched in June 2011 we think that's quite a remarkable statistic.
While still some way short of Facebook's 800 million users accounts, they have reached the 90 million mark quicker then Facebook or Twitter did, and they say that a very impressive 60% of users are logging in on a daily basis and 80% on a weekly basis.
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For the second time in the span of a month, the Hiram men's basketball team, under the direction of head coach Chris Kibler, has been named the Division III Team of the Week by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, it was announced by the NABC on Tuesday, February 13.
Teams up for NABC Team of the Week honors were nominated by their respective conferences, before being voted on by the NABC leadership. Only one team is selected per week from each of five levels of collegiate basketball (Division I, II, III, NAIA, and Junior College). This week, Hiram joins Texas A&M University (DI), Ferris State (DII), William Carey (NAIA) and Sullivan County Community College (NJCAA).
The Terriers earned their second NABC Team of the Week honor after posting a 2-0 week against Ohio Wesleyan and #3 Wittenberg in a pair of games at Price Gymnasium last week. With the victories, Hiram kept pace for third place in the North Coast Athletic Conference regular-season standings with just one week to go.
Hiram earned the program's first-ever regular-season sweep of the Battling Bishops, toppling OWU 72-66. The Terriers locked down defensively in the win, holding one of the conference's top scoring offenses to just 37% shooting from the field and 66 points. Additionally, the team kept pre-season All-American Nate Axelrod to just four points on 1-of-8 shooting. Offensively, freshman Jalen Kirksey posted a season-high 22 points, while Terrence Warren added 15.
The Terriers followed that win with their biggest statement of the season, blowing out third-ranked, and previously unbeaten, Wittenberg, 94-71. Against the NCAC's top scoring defense, Hiram was lights out, shooting .603 from the field. Senior Kelvin Jones led the way with 25 points and eight rebounds. Warren tallied 18 points and seven assists, and sophomore Austin Blatt posted 11 points in a reserve role.
For his efforts, Jones was also named the NCAC Player of the Week for the second time this season. He finished the week averaging a double-double with 17.5 points and 10.5 rebounds per night, all while shooting over 84% from the field.
With just one home game remaining on the regular-season schedule, the Terriers need just one victory to secure a home playoff game for the second time in three seasons. Hiram currently sports a 9-1 mark in the friendly confines of Price Gymnasium, with the lone loss coming in overtime.
The National Team of the Week honor marks the second of the month for Hiram, as the Terriers also earned the award on January 16 after wins over Ohio Wesleyan and Kenyon College.
Hiram will look to ride their late-season momentum into Wednesday night as the Terriers play host to Denison University. The matchup with the Big Red is slated for a 7:30 p.m. start.


text:
Dr. Alexander Pozhitkov
Education: MS in Chemistry, Moscow State University, PhD in Genetics and Bioinformatics, University of Cologne, Germany
Occupation: Research scientist
Member Status: He has been a subscriber for a year.
Technical Interests: Alex is interested in low-level hardware programming and high-voltage electronics, including vacuum tubes.
Most Recent Embedded Tech-Related Acquisition: He recently received a single-board fanless PC with a solid-state hard drive as a gift.
Current Projects: Alex is further developing the NakedCPU platform he wrote about in his two-part article series, "The NakedCPU," (Circuit Cellar 259–260, 2012).
Thoughts on the Future of Embedded Technology: Alex says he's worried that embedded solutions are becoming less transparent. He remembers working with one system that had several DVDs of examples and libraries but it didn't have a comprehensive guide to the system's architecture. "As a researcher and someone who wants to get to the bottom of things, such a situation is frustrating. This is certainly my personal researcher's view. I am not commenting on the application side of increasingly complicated embedded systems."
application embedded member profile programming
Infrared Communications for Atmel Microcontrollers
Electrostatic Cleaning Robot Project
Submit your Workspace


By JOCELYN NOVECK, AP National Writer April 16, 2019 Updated: April 16, 2019 1:47 p.m.
8of38Paris, the Saint-Michel bridge and the Notre-Dame cathedral, about 1900.
10of38Exterior of the Cathedral of Notre Dame, from FRANCE ILLUSTRATED, with drawings by Thomas Allom and descriptions by Rev. G. N. Wright, 1845.
11of38circa 1920: West front of Notre Dame in Paris with its three French Gothic arched doorways.
14of38Front view of Notre Dame, Paris, 1931. Illustration from the book Paris published by Ernest Flammarion, (1931).
15of38Solemn scene in the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, during funeral services for the late Marshal Foch. High on the catafalque can be seen the coffin. Massed in the back are the great leaders and representatives of all the allied nations interspersed with the maimed veterans.
17of38A photo taken between 22 and 24 August 1944 in Paris during World War II shows a flaming vehicule close to the Pont Saint-Michel and the cathedral Notre-Dame part of the "Battle of Paris" opposing the FFI (French Forces of the Interior) and remaining Nazi forces, a few days before the Liberation of the French capital city on August 25, 1944.
18of38Liberation of Paris. American soldiers on the Notre Dame of Paris square, August 25, 1944.
19of38An American M10 tank with a 76 mm canon is posted in front of Notre-Dame cathedral a few days after the liberation of the city in August, 1944 in Paris, France.


Election management can be a demanding task. It is both important and time-consuming to organize a board of directors and/or a delegate election. It possible that mistakes happen which diminish confidence in your systems, damaging your reputation as well as future turnout. We have some helpful tips to support the management of your election.
When starting to organize your next election, you need to review your legal basics. Specific deadlines should be clearly stated in your bylaws or election rules. Candidates should, for example, have collected their signatures for their application to candidacy a number of months or weeks before the election is due to begin. Deadlines that are stated in your election rules are there to help you plan and to keep your election on track. Additionally, be aware of newly added legislation concerning associations in your country. Read carefully through all of your legal documents find out exactly what your organization needs for a legally valid election.
After reviewing your legal framework, update your electoral roll. Members can have different voting rights so you need to check each voter. This is most likely to be due to different districts, where voters within a certain area can vote on local issues. Regardless of voter segmentation, be sure that you are aware of them and have planned them into your election.
Keeping an up-to-date electoral roll should be a regular task for your association. The electoral roll should contain current contact details, member status, and voting rights. Members who lose their voting rights (moving districts, or unpaid membership fees etc.) should be immediately updated. Contact details should similarly be kept current. For online elections, an Email address is often sufficient or a Securelink to your members' platform. However, if conducting offline or combined elections, a physical address is needed.
Two types of voting procedures are especially popular with associations: live voting at an AGM and postal voting. It is recommended to re-calculate the costs and time for traditional voting procedures, as sending election documents via mail has become more expensive. We also recommend that you ask yourself, how you can optimize your election management.
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Read more about online voting in associations.
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If conducting an online election, run a test election to preview what your voters will see.
Make use of our practical tips about your election administration. More information and helpful election material here. We wish you best of luck in your election planning!
Don't forget, we are here for you – contact us for help or for fully managed online elections!


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text:
Q: Partition of $N$ into integers $a_1,\cdots a_M$ for fixed $M$: how to define an index on [0,1] closest to 1 when the $a_i$ are almost the same? Given a fixed integer $N$ that is divided into $M$ (integer sized) pieces, I am looking for an expression which is closer to 1 when the sizes of the $M$ pieces are as equal as possible, and closer to $0$ when the size of the $M$ pieces are as different as possible.
For example, if $N = 12$ and $M = 2$, then $[6, 6]$ should have the largest value (closest to $1$) and $[1, 11]$ should have the smallest value (closest to 0).
As another example, if $N = 12$ and $M = 5$, then $[2, 2, 2, 3, 3]$ should have the largest value and $[1, 1, 1, 1, 8]$ should have the smallest value.
The values that $N$ can take on are $1, ..., 288$.
$M$ can take on values between $1$ and $N$ if $N \le 144$, and is capped at $144$ if $N > 144$.

A: Before obtaining this indicator on [0,1], a good methodology is to have a way to compare partitions: "this partition is better than this one because...". Assume that we have:
$$N=a_1+a_2+ \cdots + a_M=a'_1+a'_2+ \cdots + a'_M,$$
I will consider the first partition to be "better" than the second one iff
$$\ \Pi_{k=1}^M   a_k > \Pi_{k=1}^M a'_k.$$
Why is the product of constituents a good indicator ?
It is well known that for a fixed sum $N=a_1+a_2$, the maximum product $a_1a_2$ is obtained when $a_1=a_2$ ; one can reverse the process by saying that "the closer $a_1$ and $a_2$, the biggest their product". This can be extended in a straightforward manner to a partition of $N$ into $M$ components $N=a_1+a_2+ \cdots + a_M$ (see here).
See as well a connected issue in this answer to a question of mine. it could be of some help in order to find a normalization giving a full answer to your "quest" for an index belonging to interval $[0,1]$.
Edit Afterthought. This "indicator" should work well if $M$ is not too big compared to $N$, say for example $M/N < 1/3$. Otherwise, I would advise to use entropy, i.e., instead of $a_k$, consider $p_k=\frac{a_k}{N}$ (think to $p_k$ as a probability) and take as measure:
$$E=-\sum_{k=1}^M p_k \ln(p_k)=-\sum_{k=1}^M a_k \ln(a_k)+\ln(N) \tag{1}$$
(additive constant $\ln(N)$ can be ignored).
We can compare (1) with the indicator I advise before the "Edit". Indeed, by taking the logarithm, we maximize :
$$\sum_{k=1}^M \ln(a_k) \tag{2}$$
If all the $a_i$ are about the same "size", maximizing (2) or minimizing (1) are indeed equivalent.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Руда Железна () — село в Польщі, у гміні Томашів Томашівського повіту Люблінського воєводства.
Населення —   (2011).

Історія
Первісним населенням Руди Железної були русини, які компактно проживали на своїх історичних землях.

У 1975—1998 роках село належало до Замойського воєводства.

Демографія
Демографічна структура станом на 31 березня 2011 року:

Примітки

Села Томашівського повіту (Люблінське воєводство)
Гміна Томашів

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Wave equation with Neumann BC on semi-infinite domain This problem is from our recitation which I do not have solutions for, and I'm stuck on the very last part where I need to satisfy the $u_t(x,0)$ initial condition.
The problem is:
$$
\left\{
\begin{split}
u_{tt} &= c^2u_{xx}, \quad\qquad x>0,t>0\\
u(&0,t) = 0 \qquad\qquad\qquad t>0\\
u(&x,0) = \sin(x) = f(x)\;\quad x>0\\
u_t&(x,0) = e^{-x} = g(x)\quad\quad x>0
\end{split}
\right.
$$
Since we have Neumann conditions we use an even extension. Let
$$
u(x,0) =
\begin{cases}
f(x) &\text{if } x > 0 \\
f(-x) &\text{if } x < 0
\end{cases}
$$
and
$$
u_t(x,0) =
\begin{cases} g(x) &\text{if } x > 0 \\
g(-x) &\text{if } x < 0
\end{cases}
$$
Then D'Alembert's formula gives:
$$
\begin{split}
u(x,t) &= \frac{1}{2}\big(f(x-ct)+f(x+ct)\big) + \frac{1}{2c}\int_{x-ct}^{x+ct} g(s)\,ds\\
&= \frac{1}{2}\big(f(x)+f(x)\big) + \frac{1}{2c}\int_{x}^{x} g(s)\,ds \\
&= f(x)=\sin(x)
\end{split}
$$
thus the First initial condition is satisfied. For the second one we have
$$
u_t(x,t) = \frac{1}{2}\big(-cf(x-ct)+cf(x+ct)\big) + \frac{d}{dt}\bigg [ \frac{1}{2c} \int_{x-ct}^{x+ct} g(s)\,ds \bigg ]
$$
My problem is I'm not sure what to do with the
$$
\frac{d}{dt}\bigg [ \frac{1}{2c} \int_{x-ct}^{x+ct} g(s)\,ds \bigg ]
$$
term. Should I differentiate the integral and then plug in $t = 0$ for the whole expression? How do I get the term $e^{-x}$ from this?

A: FTC says $$\frac{d}{dt}\int_{a(t)}^{b(t)}f(s)ds = f(b(t))b'(t)-f(a(t))a'(t).$$ Substituting your functions, we get $$\frac{d}{dt}\frac{1}{2c}\int_{x-ct}^{x+ct}g(s)ds = \frac{1}{2c}(g(x)c+g(x)c) = g(x),$$
as desired.


text:
module Signable
  List = Struct.new(:data_type, :raw_data) do
    def offset
      raw_data['offset']
    end

    def limit
      raw_data['limit']
    end

    def total
      raw_data["total_#{data_name}"]
    end

    def data
      @data ||= raw_data[data_name].map { |attributes| data_type.new attributes }
    end

    private

    def data_name
      data_type.name.demodulize.underscore.pluralize
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I was lucky enough to attend the opening of the major show of work by Eric Ravilious at Dulwich Picture Gallery, curated by James Russell, but the show deserved a second visit at a slightly quieter time.
I've always found Ravilious' work totally absorbing, whether his watercolours (which are the focus of this exhibition), his lithographs and wood engravings or his designs created for ceramics, glass and other commissioned work.
On my recent second visit to the exhibition it became so much clearer to me that these watercolours were made by a printmaker and designer. There's a sharpness and a clarity to the objects in his compositions and the palette is perhaps purposely restricted. Closer inspection reveals Ravilious is creating textures and patterns in the same way that he might when creating a lithograph.
It's hard to single out one single painting but a firm favourite would be 'Ship's Screw on a Railway Truck' (1940). Not a promising subject perhaps. The sculptural propellor gleams out from the blue and grey landscape. The top left had corner is a beautifully composed scene of ship moored by a curved harbour and tree which in itself would make a perfect engraving or motif on a Wedgwood plate. In the foreground there's a playful pattern of footprints in the snow and in the grey sky above, soft white snow flakes and diagonal marks depict this bleak winter scene in the same way that Ravilious might have drawn on a lithographic stone.
James Russell has brought together watercolours of landscapes, interiors, still lifes and Ravilious' work as a war artist too. There's much to see that I think a third visit is definitely on the cards.
'Ravilious' is at Dulwich Picture Gallery until 31st August 2015. Visit their website for full details.
And find out more via curator James Russell's website.


CDF Corporation, a leading manufacturer of liners for drums, pails, intermediate bulk containers and flexible packaging, will display CDF's newest product, the Smart Pail and have live interactive bag in box filling equipment demonstrations at Pack Expo International 2013 at booth# 7838 Upper South.
Representing CDF will be Joe Sullivan, President; Tom McCarthy, General Manager IBC Division; Joe Wanner, Product Manager Drum and Pail Division; Jimmy Pigg, Cheertainer Applications Engineer; Iris Thomas, Cheertainer Product Manager; and Dave Christian and Jake Sullivan , Sales Representatives.
CDF has a wide range of flexible products to satisfy the needs of product manufacturers and producers. CDF's liners for intermediate bulk containers, drums and pails provide outstanding performance in critical food, cosmetic and chemical applications. The Cheertainer, CDF's form-fit bag-in-box, is an ideal solution for small and large volume needs. Ranging in size from 5 to 20 liters, the Cheertainer is manufactured with CDF1 Smart Seal Technology™, ensuring the ultimate reliability of the package.


Flight A: Cyndee Swenson (Are you surprised, Cyndee?) and Dan Harding.
Flight B: Ginger Rettig and Dave Noyes.
Many thanks to Tennis and Pickleball Chairs Janet Stevens and Barry Goldsmith.
1st place: Vicky Carr, Polly Gleichenhaus, Ricky Fortis, Andy Timmerman.
2nd place: Katie Rossborough, Bill Rowley, Amy Joseph, Cindy Manzo.
1st place: Scott Heffner, Bill Reeves, Mike Miles, Paul Archibald.
2nd place: Bud Patterson, Ron Elenbaas, Dan Babcock, Michael Battista.
1st place: Brock Vinton, Yvonne Vinton, John McCormack, Jolaine McCormack.
2nd place: Linda Roberts, Lynne Thomson, Diane Petrosino, Shirley Shumway.
1st place: Phyllis Foster, Libby MacAuley, Teresa Ferrarone, Catherine Jansen.
Card Sound: Tom Davidson Jr., Toni Vreeland.
Dolphin Course: Paul Archibald, Susan Berry.
Hammock Course: Jeff Dorsey, Yvonne Vinton.
Joe Urbinati on Card Sound #15!
Yvonne Vinton, Ted Groesbeck, Patricia Imbesi.
Congratulations to all the players, and thanks to everyone for coming out to support <i>your</i> Medical Center! A special thank you to Event Chairs Tim and Cindy Brammer, and Harold and Bonnie Zeigler. And ... see you in 2020!


Use this to send flat, bulky materials or multiple small items like coins, catalogs and jumbo cards. Flap is on the short side, helping to keep things from falling out after opening. Also called a "catalog" envelope, it actually comes in 39 sizes from tiny to huge, in white, traditional kraft, and array of colors for special impact. Available with moistenable flap, some with self-stick Peel & Seal®. Also see our Open Side collection.
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From Aug. 9 through 14, 1992, approximately 80 individuals from throughoutthe globe met in a seemingly remote area of the Colorado Rocky Mountains withone common bond: advancement of coiled-tubing (CT) technology. This was thefirst SPE Forum Series meeting devoted entirely to CT technology. After longdays of sometimes heated debates, the final session found these individualscharged with the task of identifying areas where CT industry developmentefforts need to be focused "to utilize the untapped potential ofCT."
Numerous ideas and opinions were generated at the SPE Forum Series meetingto create a long list of areas with high leveraging potential (high return oninvestment) for an oil industry well below the crest of a "boom" cycle.However, from the master list, each individual was given the opportunity tovote for only three issues that they felt were the most pressing. The 17 itemsthat survived the exercise are listed below, "prioritized" by thisgroup's vote.
17. Electronic monitoring and control of CT units.
A year and a half later, where do these leveraging ideas fit into theoverall CT industry picture?
Interest in CT drilling is high from a technology standpoint. However,real-world economics of CT drilling are not attractive in many areas. Drillingusing a CT unit requires a relatively large investment in specialized equipmentto perform the work and the latest in technology to meet the challenge ofapplying the techniques within the inherent constraints of CT, such as no piperotation, limited pressure cycles, and lower flow rates.
A recent paper devoted to CT drilling reports that 39 wells were drilled orre-entered with CT in the last 3 years follow ing pioneering work in Canadaduring the mid-1970's. Information from Canada reveals a considerably highernumber of short-distance, well-deepening CT operations, many of which wereunderbalanced, and a few wells drilling from surface. Total CT drilled ordeepened wells over the last 2-1/2 years is about 200. The latest in CTtechnology and equipment is competing with decades-old, conventional rotarytechnology, which requires very few new techniques and has an untold number offully depreciated rigs available to perform the task. Considering these facts,it is understandable why the economics of the comparison look less thanoptimal. So why bother?
Fortunately for the CT industry, there are niche markets and a fewtechnological advantages to CT that can make the effort to develop thetechnology worthwhile. Re-entry work is one natural target for CT units thatprovides a relatively large potential market. And one often-cited advantage toCT is the smaller footprint and greater mobility of the equipment relative tocommon rotary rigs. CT advantages, however, come with a significant reductionin operational flexibility that demands the new techniques and tools previouslymentioned.
Another potential advantage to CT drilling is the prospect of underbalanceddrilling, which is required in very-low-pressure reservoirs and for formationdamage mediation. The search for a nondamaging drilling and completiontechnique is heightening interest in underbalanced drilling in many areas.Recent efforts in Canada and on Alaska's North Slope034,504 focus CT drillingefforts toward this goal with some encouraging results. In a recently completedNorth Slope well, penetration rates of 100 ft/hr and initial production rates300% higher than anticipated were realized when actual under balancedconditions were achieved during portions of the CT drilling process. Theunderbalanced conditions were achieved using gas lift in the existing 4 1/2-in.production string. Interestingly, previous attempts in Alaska at achievingunderbalanced conditions during drilling were unsuccessful, partly because of aconservative gas-lift design coupled with inaccurate tubing-hydraulics modelpredictions.
Shallow-length CT deepening operations are cost-competitive with aconventional rig in most areas.


Additionally, more than 150 miles west of Austin on the south bank of the Colorado River, Damoff discovered yet another new species, Diplocardia jamesi, named in honor of Dr. Sam James, a renowned researcher who mentored Damoff in earthworm identification.
"I think it's neat that these two very important men who helped get me started will be featured in the same publication," Damoff said.
Following peer review, these two species, like Diplocardia hebi, will be prepared as type specimens and housed in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C.
When listening to Damoff talk about earthworms, it's difficult to imagine these organisms have not always been his singular passion.
He received his bachelor's and master's degrees in biology at SFA. As a graduate student, he focused on limnology, the biological study of lakes, rivers and other bodies of fresh water. It wasn't until Damoff returned to SFA a decade later to pursue a doctoral degree in forestry that he discovered his calling while sitting in a forest soils science class taught by Farrish.
Damoff recalled that during one lecture, Farrish spent a seemingly inordinate amount of time focused on the importance of earthworms, as well as how very little is known about them.
Following this epiphany, Damoff waited two weeks before approaching Farrish to express his interest in conducting earthworm-related research.
"The first thing I said to him was, 'My name is George. The name George means worker of the soil, and I should be working in soil,'" Damoff said.
Damoff explained the name George has Greek origins that translate to "farmer" or "worker of the Earth" — a fitting moniker for a megadrilologist.
To learn earthworm identification techniques, Damoff contacted James, then serving as associate professor at the Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, Iowa.
In addition to conducting surveys across Texas and Oklahoma, Damoff also works with researchers and agencies from across the continent to dissect and identify vial upon vial of earthworms.
Diplocardia deborahae, one of his most recent discoveries, sat on a shelf at the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa, Ontario, for nearly 50 years after being collected in Eastern Tennessee by fellow megadrilologist Dr. John Reynolds.
Damoff met Reynolds in the early 2000s, and when Reynolds realized Damoff was skilled in Diplocardia identification, he asked Damoff if he would be interested in identifying the more than 900 vials of earthworms collected during his decades of research.
Damoff jumped at the opportunity and spent a week at the museum processing the worms for shipment to his lab in Dallas.
In addition to Damoff's search for new species, he also is greatly interested in exploring and quantifying the effect of non-native earthworms on different ecosystems.
Damoff said that in the Northern U.S., non-native earthworms, often inadvertently introduced through imported plants and agricultural materials, are completely altering the forest floor and, subsequently, the broader forest ecosystem.
Damoff explained that this leads to erosion and germination failure in plant species that depend on the thick layer of organic material.
"There's actual data from a study conducted in the northern U.S. showing that these invasive earthworms impacted the browse to a point that it reduced the white-tailed deer population," Damoff said.
As he moves forward with his pioneering research, Damoff can't help but look back on the humble beginnings of his life's work with a smile. As a child in Columbus, Ohio, Damoff and his two older brothers, coffee can and flashlight in hand, frequently scoured their backyard after dinner in search of earthworms to use as fishing bait.