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Гендлі () — місто () в США, в окрузі Кенова штату Західна Вірджинія. Населення — 349 осіб (2010).

Географія
Гендлі розташоване за координатами  (38.191015, -81.374818).  За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році місто мало площу 2,52 км², з яких 2,47 км² — суходіл та 0,05 км² — водойми.

Демографія

Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у місті мешкало 349 осіб у 131 домогосподарстві у складі 92 родин. Густота населення становила 139 осіб/км².  Було 156 помешкань (62/км²).

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 4,0 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 0,6 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 25,2 % — особи молодші 18 років, 57,0 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 17,8 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 36,3 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у місті припадало 106,5 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 100,8 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  долари США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  долари (медіана — ). Медіана доходів становила  доларів для чоловіків та  доларів для жінок. За межею бідності перебувало 29,3 % осіб, у тому числі 48,3 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 15,2 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило 108 осіб. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 35,2 %, публічна адміністрація — 13,9 %, науковці, спеціалісти, менеджери — 9,3 %, транспорт — 6,5 %.

Примітки

Джерела

Містечка Західної Вірджинії
Населені пункти округу Кенова (Західна Вірджинія)

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West's Bartender Extraordinaire David W... Return to Vancouver's New Street Food Options
The Search for Contemporary Chinese Cuisine in Vancouver
by Remy Scalza in Food & Drink on April 3, 2011
Ah . . . the elusive search for great Chinese food in Vancouver. In nearby Richmond, of course, finding authentic Chinese is no problem – There are something like 200 Chinese restaurants clustered on Alexandra Road alone (aka "Food Street"). But it gets a bit trickier in Vancouver.
There's Chinatown proper, which features some traditional restaurants of note, like Jade Dynasty, as well as many touristy joints. There's also Main Street, which was once a hub of great Chinese cuisine and is still home to some classic restaurants like Sun Sui Wah Seafood. But finding top-notch contemporary Chinese food in Vancouver – which respects traditional recipes while also incorporating international influences and all of BC's natural bounty – can sometimes be a challenge.
All of which is why I was pleasantly surprised with Wild Rice, an intimate restaurant located near the intersection of West Pender and Abbot Streets (opposite the Tinseltown Mall). Now, Wild Rice has been around for years – It's hardly a new find. But it offers something that is really distinct and is worth another look.
The first thing you'll probably notice when you walk into Wild Rice is the atmosphere. It's totally different from the typical cavernous Chinese restaurant with harsh fluorescent lighting and fans on the wall. Instead, the space is dark and stylish, with a long, glowing bar along one wall. Two sets of stairways lead to upstairs loft spaces where small groups of tables are clustered. The ambiance is chic without being intimidating, with chill club music playing at a low volume.
Of course, the real question is how's the food. In contrast to the encyclopedic menus at many Chinese restaurants, Wild Rice's menu features just a few, carefully thought out dishes. If you're in the mood for sampling, there are dim sum and small plates, including updated classics like siu mai with Sloping Hills pork and BC spot prawns and seared albacore tuna with ginger shallot daikon.
Larger plates highlight some of the restaurant's specialties. I tried the braised Pemberton Meadows beef and the Maple Hill Kung Po Chicken (As you may have noticed, Wild Rice is dedicated to using local meat, fish and produce, which sets its dishes apart from much Chinese fare in Vancouver). Both plates were exquisite: attractively presented on large sharing platters; well spiced; respectful of tradition but pushing the envelope with new flavours and sides.
I know there must be other great contemporary Chinese restaurants out there. I'm looking forward to trying Bao Bei, for instance, a modern Taiwanese place in the same neighbourhood.
If you've got a favourite contemporary Chinese restaurant (whatever that means exactly), please share your suggestions by leaving a comment.
Tagged: chinese, chinese food, contemporary, restaurants, Vancouver, Wild Rice
2 Responses to The Search for Contemporary Chinese Cuisine in Vancouver
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Ensuring composure no matter the driving circumstances! Top features include front dual zone air conditioning, a power seat, a roof rack, and seat memory. Smooth gearshifts are achieved thanks to the 2.5 liter 4 cylinder engine, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. All wheel drive maintains traction at all four corners.


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No. 421 - WHY THE PENTAGON IS FIVE SIDED
Jim Davidson·NEWSPAPER COLUMN
WHY THE PENTAGON IS FIVE SIDED
I am indebted to Pastor Leon Schulz, who lives in Menno, South Dakota, for the title and a portion of my contents for you today. I got a letter from Pastor Schulz a few weeks ago with the question, ãWhy is the Pentagon five-cornered, rather than six-cornered, square, round or any other shape?ä This question came up because the town of Menno was building a Veteranâs Memorial and it was to be placed on a cement foundation, which is pentagon shaped, or five cornered, in reference to the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. He got the idea to write me after reading my column ãWhy the American Flag has Thirteen Foldsä and figured I may know the answer or at least I could find it. He was right on the second part of that statement. With some help, I did find it.
The reason I have decided to share this with you is because the Pentagon is important in the life of every American. We all remember the horror that took place on September 11, 2001 when terrorists flew that jetliner into the East wall of the Pentagon the same day they destroyed the World Trade Center. The Pentagon is where the vast majority of all planning, deployment and direction of our Nationâs Armed Forces takes place. The President is the Commander in Chief, but the Pentagon is the hub or nerve center for all military operations.
Our nationâs defense is vital to each one of us and is one of the few things contained in the Preamble to our Constitution. Because we all need to be reminded of this from time to time, here is what it says: ãWe the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our prosperity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.ä
Now, back to the Pentagon. The Pentagon in Washington, D.C. got its name after the fact. The word pentagon means, ãA polygon having five sides and five angles.ä The Pentagonâs unusual five-sided configuration was dictated by the site originally proposed adjacent to Memorial Drive, about three-fourths of a mile north of where the building was actually constructed. An early plan called for a square structure with one corner cut off to accommodate an existing road.
This resulted in a skewed Pentagon shape. Serious objections were raised to locating the building on open land directly between Arlington Cemetery and Washingtonâs Monumental Core, and discussions ensued regarding selection of a building site, resulting in less visual and physical impact from the project. During the debate on the site, the projectâs chief architects, George Edwin Bergstrom and David J. Whitmire, continued to refine the design. The final design retained the five sides, in the form of a true pentagon, which gave rise to the buildingâs name. The shape resulted in the most efficient use of available space.
The concept of using several concentric rings to contain the space evolved during further refinement of design. Preliminary design and drafting took just 34 days. A project of this magnitude and urgency demanded the rapid assembly and an unprecedented design and production effort. The office of the chief architect rapidly grew to 327 architects and engineers, who were supported by 117 field inspectors. The weekly output of prints ranged from 12,000 to 30,000, with reproduction machines running on a 24-hour basis. For periods of time, new drawings were issued nightly. The reproduction effort consumed 15,000 yards of print paper per week.
There is no way to know for sure, but I suspect that like me, most Americans do not know when the Pentagon was built. Construction began on September 11, 1941(what a coincidence) and was completed on January 15, 1943. For people who were living back then, the need was urgent as our nation was fighting WW II and the end was not yet in sight. At one stage of construction, 15,000 people were employed on the job, working three shifts, 24 hours a day. At night, they worked under floodlights. Construction took just 16 months, a remarkable feat of engineering and management.
I am very hopeful this information will be helpful to Pastor Leon Shulz and his fellow patriots in Menno, South Dakota, when they dedicate their Veteranâs Memorial on Sunday, November 9, which is just two days prior to Veterans Day. We should never forget those brave men and women who sacrificed so that the United States of America would continue to be a free nation. We owe these people so much and that is what Veteranâs Memorials and Veteranâs Day is all about. God Bless America and let Freedom Ring. (Jim Davidson is a motivational speaker and syndicated columnist. You may contact him at 2 Bentley Drive, Conway, AR 72034.)


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Irish Muslim Peace and Integration Council
Muslim celebration of Eid al-Adha for Croke Park
"Many people living in Ireland who are members of the Muslim faith call Ireland 'home'. Croke Park as a venue for Eid Al Adha celebration will be symbolic to Irish Muslims in their 'dual-identity' as being both Irish and Muslim," said Shaykh Dr Umar Al-Qadri.
Abortion only permissible when mother's life in danger says leading Islamic figure
Dr Ali Selim says under Islamic law abortion is not licit in case of rape, but only where the life of the mother is in actual physical danger.
Celebration of the New Universe Story The story of the creation of the universe has been…
Praise and Blessings
CD including Hymns and Mantras for Children's Liturgy and Prayer A valuable resource for Sacramental Programmes,…
The Croí Nua Programme consists of a series of eight small group gatherings based on reflective…


Patients older than 65 years were followed after acute care surgery. Some 23% had delirium from a validated chart review.
Postoperative delirium risk factors included Foley catheter use, intestinal surgery, gallbladder surgery, appendix surgery, intensive care unit admission and mild to moderate frailty. Risk factors for prolonged postoperative delirium (> 48 hours) included Foley catheter use and mild to moderate frailty. Surgical approach (open v. laparoscopic) and overall operative time were not found to be significant.
The seemingly innocuous Foley urinary catheter consistently appears as a delirium risk factor and protocols to ask every day whether it can be removed are appropriate.


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Economical with the truth? When providing misleading information to authorities might be an object infringement
One of the more intriguing Opinions to be given by an Advocate General recently came out in late September (Case C-179/16, F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Others v Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM), Opinion of Advocate General Saugmandsgaard Øe delivered on 21 September 2017).
It is full of interesting observations on market definition in the pharma sector, the distinction between object and effect, how to look at the question of competition between licensors and licensees under the Technology Transfer Regulation, and how to assess whether a restriction of competition exists. We will be writing about these (and more) a bit later, but thought that in the meantime those of you who are particularly interested in Life Sciences might want to take a look at our sister blog On The Pulse. A short article has been posted there which briefly summarises the Advocate General's views on whether there is a duty on pharma companies under Article 101 not to agree to provide information which is objectively misleading to the regulatory authorities. In this instance the information found to be misleading related to the relative safety of two products, one of which was authorised to treat ophthalmic conditions and one of which was not, but which was being prescribed off-label – so quite unusual circumstances (although perhaps a situation that could be expected to arise more in future, as second, third and fourth medical uses become the norm).
You may remember that a similar legal issue has already been discussed under Article 102 in theAstraZeneca case where dominant companies were found to be subject to a duty to act transparently when dealing with the patent authorities. The extent of the duty was somewhat modified by the CJEU, but the obligation to provide all relevant information, and to clarify information which subsequently turns out to be incorrect, still exists. It will be interesting to see whether the CJEU follows the Advocate General in his approach to identifying a similar duty under Article 101, and whether the Advocate General's expansive reading of when information may be misleading is approved by the Court.
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CLIP of the month: patent pledges and EU competition law
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Born in Canada to a Lebanese entrepreneurial father, whose gigs included doing Elizabeth Taylor's hair and throwing Carlos Santana out of a bar, and a CBC journalist mother, Geordie was raised on the poor side of the Cayman Islands. After a brief stopover at a pink house in Boca, he returned to Canada in January where his tears froze.
Originally wanting to be a pediatric surgeon, even doing a co-op in the OR, he got into medical school only to realize it wasn't his path. Along with a degree in Art History, including spending a year in the Netherlands not learning Dutch, he got his MBA in London. Continuing to confuse his parents, rather than take a 6-figure job in banking, he accepted a position with the BBC World Service, Afghanistan. On his first day, he received death threats.
After a few years at the BBC, including at Radio Drama working alongside some of Britain's greatest actors, Geordie returned to Canada. The many twists and turns, including his latest adventure of being a work at home/stay at home Dad, have all found their way into his ever-evolving voice as a writer/director.
A multi-faceted filmmaker and a graduate of the CFC (Canada's AFI), his body of work includes award-winning digital, shorts, series and features. He was selected for Berlin, Whistler and NSI Totally Television talent labs, and won the 10,000 Euro VFF Pitch prize at the Berlin Film Festival.
Geordie's work has played theatrically, sold worldwide and has been selected for numerous festivals including LA, Fantasia, Shanghai and ComicCon San Diego mere letters away from Hall H. He's a partner, along with producer Ashleigh Rains, in We'll Be Over Here Productions. He just wrapped his second feature, published a children's book and worked with legendary director, David Cronenberg, who stepped out of the director's chair to act in his sci-fi short Tomorrow's Shadows. Mr. Cronenberg had only one note.


text:
Pine completes successful Kickstarter campaign
Apr 13, 2017 | DGG Breda, Games, News
The Dutch game studio Twirlbound has completed a successful Kickstarter campaign for their game Pine, an action adventure game that adapts to the player's style. The crowdfunding campaign has been backed by almost 4100 backers, raising a total amount of €121,480.
Support Pine on Kickstarter
Mar 3, 2017 | DGG Breda, Games, News
Twirlbound has launched a Kickstarter for their game Pine, an adventure game that adapts to your play style.
FRU wins three Dutch Game Awards
Sep 28, 2016 | Awards, DGG Breda, Games, News
At the Dutch Game Awards 2016 on Tuesday September 27th, four Awards have been won by two games from studios part of Dutch Game Garden. The Dutch Game Awards is the largest competition for Dutch game developers.
Turtleneck Studios and Stitch Heads receive Unreal Dev Grants
Sep 22, 2016 | DGG Breda, DGG Hilversum, Games, News
Two Dutch developers Turtleneck Studios and Stitch Heads were chosen to be part of the Unreal Dev Grants: a program created by Epic Games to support outstanding developers who created their projects with the Unreal Engine 4.
Curve Fever 3 is out now!
Sep 21, 2016 | DGG Breda, Games, News
Curve Fever 3 brings a new mode, new power-ups and more fun gameplay!
Eleven nominations for games from Dutch Game Garden
Sep 2, 2016 | Awards, DGG Breda, DGG Utrecht, Games, Incubation, News
Seven games by studios part of Dutch Game Garden's incubation program have been nominated for the Dutch Game Awards 2016, making 11 nominations in total. The Dutch Game Awards is the largest competition for Dutch game developers. The ceremony will be held September 27th at TivoliVredenburg in Utrecht.
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Liberation Conspiracies
By Rebecca Solnit
 A review of: Bury the Chains, Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves, by Adam Hochschild.
By Rebecca Solnit
Mark Lombardi's art consists of colossal drawings of networks of power, connecting politicians, capitalists, and corporations into intricate maps, like medieval cosmology or kabbalah diagrams, whose huge arcs and circles linking the small handwritten names are as visually beautiful as they are politically daunting. His most famous work was about the BCCI (Bank of Credit and Commerce International, also known as the Bank of Crooks and Criminals) banking scandal. It linked up the Bin Laden and Bush families long before Fahrenheit 9/11, even before the 2000 election and Bush's illegitimate apotheosis as president.
New York critic Frances Richard wrote of this work:
"Lombardi's drawings — which map in elegantly visual terms the secret deals and suspect associations of financiers, politicians, corporations, and governments — dictate that the more densely lines ray out from a given node, the more deeply that figure is embroiled in the tale Lombardi tells…. The drawing is done on pale beige paper, in pencil. It follows a time-line, with dates arrayed across three horizontal tiers. These in turn support arcs denoting personal and corporate alliances, the whole comprising a skeletal resume of George W. Bush's career in the oil business. In other words, the drawing, like all Lombardi's work, is a post-Conceptual reinvention of history painting…."
After September 11, 2001, the FBI visited the Whitney Museum to examine his drawings for clues they might yield about the conspiracy that gave rise to the catastrophe.
Lombardi committed suicide in March of 2000, for complex reasons, but it's easy to imagine him as a character in a Jorge Luis Borges story dying of Borgesian reasons. For his drawings recall Borges's library of Babel, his Garden of Forking Paths, the Zohar, Zeno's paradox or the aphorism by Pascal Borges loved, "The universe is a sphere whose center is everywhere and circumference is nowhere." Borges's parables and stories are attempts to grasp the infinite complexity of the world, and his version of Lombardi would have died of despair of ever approximating the reach and intricacy of these networks.
Lombardi's work is often regarded as evidence of sinister conspiracies by people who assume that "they" are thus linked up but "we" are not. We are, actually, at least when we try to achieve anything political. Politics is networks, rhizomes, roots, webs, to use a few of the popular metaphors from the increasingly popular studies of complexity. A more cheerful Lombardi might have charted the links that connect Naomi Klein, the Argentina Horizontalidad populist movements against neoliberalism, the Zapatistas, the Yucatan campesinos who opposed the WTO in Cancun in 2003, the internationalistas who joined them, the US campus-based anti-sweatshop movement, the Sierra Club, Arundhati Roy, anti-Monsanto agriculturalists in India and Europe, on to Nigerian activists now shutting the operations of Chevron (based in San Francisco) and San Francisco activists against Bechtel Corporation (also based here), which links us back to Bolivian activists who beat Bechtel a few years ago. (Thanks to the Internet, speaking of networks, the global justice movement has been able to link causes and confrontations into an unprecedented meta-community able to act in concert internationally.)
In fact, right-wing think-tanks are probably lining up these affiliations and solidarities right now and portraying them as a conspiracy, as they have before. That's the rule of thumb: When we talk, it's a network; when they talk, it's a conspiracy. The sinister thing about Lombardi's BCCI drawing isn't that all these people, banks, and governments are linked up, but that they're linked up to screw you, me, and the world. That is to say, it's complexity that makes the drawing itself overwhelming, but intent that makes the denizens of the drawing scary.
Awakenings and Coincidences
One can imagine the characters of Adam Hochschild's wonderful new history, Bury the Chains, Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves, as drawn by Lombardi, such is the complexity of the network Hochschild depicts while tracing the British antislavery movement from Quakers in London to slave rebellions in the Caribbean, from the 1780s when the movement began to the final, long-delayed abolition of slavery in the British Empire on August 1, 1838. The book is both a gripping history of a particular movement and a beautiful embodiment of the erratic, unlikely ways movements unfold — an unfolding that consists of multiple kinds of linkages. If Lombardi's is post-conceptualist history painting, Hochschild's book is likewise a kind of post-Great Man history writing, one with crowds, coincidences, and ocean currents looming up behind the key activists he delineates so beautifully.
One kind of linkage is coincidence. Another is friendship and the affinities of interests and emotions upon which friendships are based. Bury the Chains begins, in fact, with two remarkable series of coincidences that deliver up as their results two of the principal activists against slavery. Granville Sharp was the youngest of eight siblings who played music together and shared an evangelical piety. King George III thought he had the best voice in England. His brother, William Sharp, the king's physician, provided free medical care to the London poor. Jonathan Strong, a slave whose owner had pistol-whipped him viciously about the head and then threw him out on the street to die, came for treatment. Granville happened to be visiting that morning, and the brothers got Strong into a hospital; then, after his months of convalescence, they found him a job with a pharmacist. One day his owner encountered on the streets of London his former property healthy and fit, seized Strong, and sold him to a Jamaican plantation owner, arranging for him to be jailed until he could be shipped to the West Indies. The Sharp brothers intervened and managed to free him. "With this case," writes Hochschild, "the thirty-two-year-old Granville Sharp became by default the leading defender of blacks in London, and indeed one of the few people in all of England to speak out against slavery. And speak he would, vehemently, for nearly half a century. The fight against slavery quickly became his dominating passion."
Only one coincidence, the meeting with Strong, made Sharp an activist. But the string of events that brought the most pivotal activist into being was far stranger and more Lombardian. An antislavery activist, Olaudah Equiano, a former slave from what is now Nigeria via Barbados and Virginia whose autobiography later had a huge impact on the movement, saw a letter in the Morning Chronicle and London Advertiser on March 18, 1783. The letter recounted a case involving the British slave ship Zong. Equiano called on Sharp, and Sharp made the case a minor cause célèbre. It was an insurance case, on the face of it. The insurers challenged the claim of the Zong's captain that he had ordered 133 African captives thrown overboard alive in the mid-Atlantic because the ship's drinking water was running out. Jettisoning slaves insured as cargo would have led to compensation under those circumstances.
Human rights were never a consideration in the case. But the chief mate, afflicted with pangs of conscience, testified that there had been plenty of water. The murders took place to collect insurance on slaves who were sick and dying and therefore would not, on reaching land, become marketable commodities. The court found in favor of the captain and the ship's investors. Sharp then wrote indignant letters to several prominent clergymen, who mentioned the case in their sermons and writings.
The case of the Zong was far from over, and as the concerns it raised migrated onward through England, linkages began to build that would spark a potent anti-slavery movement. One Church of England clergyman who took up the case was Dr. Peter Peckard, who soon after became Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge University. When it was his turn to set the subject for the school's prestigious annual Latin composition prize, he chose Anne liceat invitos in servitutem dare? — "Is it lawful to make slaves of others against their will?" It was by no means a particularly likely choice. The Church of England's Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, governed in part by divinity professors from Oxford and Cambridge, derived significant revenues from Codrington, one of the biggest Barbados plantations. The place relied on branding, whipping, murdering, and constant terror to keep up the labor that worked the slaves to death. Slavery was outside the moral universe that even those propagating the gospel concerned themselves with, as Hochschild points out; the former slaver who wrote "Amazing Grace" worried about all sorts of minor sins long before he noticed that slavery might be a problem.
A scholarship student, Thomas Clarkson, won the 1785 Cambridge Latin Prize after devoting two months to researching and writing about slavery. But the winning mattered little, except that it drew attention to the essay and its writer, who would publish it in English as an antislavery tract. The publisher Clarkson found was a Quaker who introduced him to the few others, also Quakers, who not only believed slavery should be abolished but were willing to work for the great unlikelihood that someday it might be.
This chain of encounters and awakenings steered Clarkson away from a religious career into a passionate championing of the rights and humanity of the slaves in the British Empire. He quickly became the most effective activist the movement would have, one who gave the rest of his life — nearly half a century — over to the cause. Writing, investigating, talking, riding tens of thousands miles on horseback, he recruited, inspired, and connected the recruited and inspired into a movement. The Quakers who had organized a little earlier to abolish slavery had long needed a mainstream Anglican champion. In Clarkson they found a superb one, in close sympathy with them; he was by the end a Quaker in all but name.
Making a Movement
Some activists are born into their disposition and vocation, but many of the most passionate lead ordinary lives until some injustice or atrocity strikes them like lightning and they are reborn dedicated. Clarkson was such an activist, and he even had a transformative moment like Saint Paul on his way to Tarsus: riding to London, he got off his horse and sat down "disconsolate on the turf by the roadside and held my horse. Here a thought came into my mind, that if the contents of the Essay were true, it was time some person should see these calamities to their end."
With luck and dedication, he became that person. His movements and contacts among slave-ship doctors as well as theologians, Liverpool as well as London, amount themselves to a network whose complexity is comparable to some of Lombardi's diagrams. Like most high-profile activists, he had a committee behind him — nine Quakers, Granville Sharp, and another Anglican — who with him founded what was almost unprecedented then and common now, a nongovernmental organization, or as the shorthand for them goes, an NGO. (He also circulated the famous diagram of slaves packed into the hull of a ship that his Quaker colleagues published as a poster — a diagram still widely known and one of the great visual icons of inhumanity of all times.)
At various moments during the antislavery campaigns, there were widespread petitions to Parliament at a time when "petitioning" was one of the few rights available to ordinary citizens, sugar boycotts, since sugar was the principal West Indies slave product; local antislavery groups and sympathetic Parliamentarians; all the accoutrements, as Hochschild points out, of later human rights movements. The main sympathetic Parliamentarian was the wealthy, pious William Wilberforce, who opposed labor organizing and other extensions of rights and powers to the underclasses, but devoutly opposed slavery. (In the interim, he argued that whipping should not be abolished, but done only at night: some compromise is strategic, but some — like the Democrats looking for a nicer version of the war — is moral compromise.) Timid and conventional, he made an odd pairing with the radical, far-ranging Clarkson, but they remained friends for life.
Compromise ran all through this movement, or rather some of its members, while others were ardent revolutionists eager to see all the rights of man — and when women took over leadership in the 1820s, of women — granted. In this movement and any other, the utility of compromise is an arguable point (or one can argue instead for a kind of symbiosis of unbending activists and back-room-dealing ones, whereby the revolutionists extend the argument and make the reformers look reasonable — which is how the Sierra Club often looks at groups like Earth First! — and in due time, even revolutionists come to look reasonable, as did abolitionists once they had won).
For example, the movement long campaigned against the slave trade rather than the existence of slavery itself in the British Empire, on the grounds that it was a more winnable battle — and it was. (British sugar plantations were so energetically murderous that they required constant replenishment of the slave population from Africa, which is why it looked as though British slavery, unlike slavery in the United States, could be undone simply by closing down the maritime trade in human beings — i.e., the supply of fresh slaves.) The slave-trade struggle was won in 1807, while the abolition of slavery took more than another quarter century and even then limped forward with a six-year interim period when the slaves' labor was somehow to further compensate their masters, who had already been compensated in cash for loss of ownership of their fellow human beings. The most radical antislavery activist, Elizabeth Heyrick, had long before suggested that it was the slaves who were due compensation for their lives and labor. Still, the antislavery movement kept its eyes on the prize, clear that it was more important to free the slaves by any means necessary than to punish slavery's perpetrators.
Clarkson and his colleagues built a network consciously and conscientiously, recognizing that in doing so they were laying the foundations for the undoing of slavery. It stretched from the vast numbers of ordinary citizens who signed petitions and followed boycotts to the sympathetic witnesses who brought information back from Africa for what were, in essence, the first official human rights hearings in history, to the slaves themselves who turned up in London to testify or rose up in the Caribbean. (One of the things that distinguished the British abolition movement from the American was the fierce, effective slave revolts that terrified slaveholders and played a role on the road to abolition.) More fortuitous, or fortunate, or mysterious is the string of coincidences that brought the Zong to trial, the trial to Equiano's attention, Equiano into friendship with Sharp, Sharp to write to Peckard, Peckard to set the Latin prize topic as slavery, and Clarkson to be as inspired in his Latin as passionate in his conscience. It's one of those for-want-of-a-nail conundrums: how would it have come about had any element been absent?
Friendships and Atmospheres
Clarkson shows up on the periphery of other histories and other networks. In the 1790s, he moved to England's Lake District and became close friends with a poet who had also written a gold-medal-winning composition on slavery at Cambridge, this time an ode in Greek in 1792: the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Clarkson's wife became Dorothy Wordsworth's close friend and key correspondent, and with this leap from the advancement of human rights to the advancement of British poetry, Hochschild bumps into a dizzyingly broad network of radical ideas stretching from the French Revolution to the vast slave revolution against the French in Haiti.
At that moment, some sense of what it means to be human was shifting, and the antislavery movement was part of that shift, as was the Romantic movement, with its cultivation of introspective awareness and its enthusiasm for liberation and revolution. Clarkson turns up briefly in Jonathan Holmes's Coleridge biography as someone who supported him in the depths of his opium addiction, while Wilberforce was close friends with Wordsworth's kindest uncle. Wordsworth himself wrote a sonnet to Toussaint l'Ouverture, who led the Haitian slave uprising, and William Blake and J. M. W. Turner both addressed slavery in their visual art (the moral if not the aesthetic ancestors of Lombardi). Others, such as the Wedgwood family, link the antislavery and poetry movements while branching into the sciences, the invention of photography, and beyond.
Hochschild's account of all this is certainly testimony to the smallness of Britain's intelligentsia then, but also to the largeness of ideas about human freedom that were moving through and then beyond these networks, the ideas and passions that constitute the atmosphere of an age. Of all the networks he deals with, this one made up of ideas and ethical stirrings is the most important and the most nebulous. The changed spirit and beliefs that link these people in the first place are explicable up to a point and then ultimately mysterious. Why is it that suddenly slavery, which had existed in one form or another throughout history, becomes urgently intolerable not only to the slaves but to privileged people an ocean away from most of the suffering in Africa and the Americas? What had made the Zong's first mate testify against his captain about the murder of those slaves? What made a Cambridge student abandon his career in the church and give his life over to a cause? What made tens or hundreds of thousands of anonymous Britons give up sugar, take up letter-writing and committee-meeting? The networks can be traced, but the stirrings remain mysterious.
Without popular opinion at least periodically rising to meet them, Clarkson and the Quakers would have just been eccentrics and historical footnotes, the rebellious slaves a sad side-story, rather than begetters of a new era. Bury the Chains quotes Wilberforce as writing in his diary "How popular Abolition is, just now! God can turn the hearts of men." But it's clear that it was other men and women, uprisings and revolts, books and pamphlets that did the turning, that the change was mysterious, magnetic or catalytic, but far from divine.
In both Britain and the United States, women who became involved in the antislavery movement began to question the enslavement of their gender, and so goes another long trajectory of links and steps in the expansive history of human rights these last two centuries. I have been reading another book lately, still in manuscript, my friend Susan Schwarzenberg's Becoming Citizens: Family Life and the Politics of Disability. The book traces a group of Seattle-era mothers from the birth of their mentally disabled children to the discovery that their children were denied access to public education to those mothers' engenderment of an educational rights movement. That movement, with interim victories in Washington State, culminated in the 1975 IDEA — Individuals with Disabilities Education Act — some decades after these women decided to change the world to make room in it for children like theirs, not quite two centuries after those nine Quakers and Clarkson met to launch a human-rights movement. The two stories are akin, with initial private moments of realization, the interim building of public associations and communities, and eventually the overhauling of society. Bury the Chains is a kind of template for how the world gets changed, sometimes, for the better. Hochschild's book, like his King Leopold's Ghost before it, often reads like an exciting novel, as one character chases another, or an idea, or a ballot issue across the years. But it pauses periodically to take in the larger landscape of change, and its original subtitle was The First International Human Rights Movement.
The book begins with a kind of trumpet cry: "To understand how momentous was this beginning, we must picture a world in which the vast majority of people are prisoners. Most of them have known no other way of life. They are not free to live or go where they want…. They die young. They are not chained or bound most of the time, but they are in bondage, part of a global economy based on forced labor. Such a world would, of course, be unthinkable today. But that was the world — our world — just two centuries ago, and to most people then, it was unthinkable that it could ever be otherwise. At the end of the eighteenth century, well over three quarters of all people alive were in bondage of one kind or another, not the captivity of striped prison uniforms, but of various systems of slavery or serfdom."
Midway through his story, he halts the narrative to cast about for a reason why the British should have been so much more ready than, say, the French to oppose literal slavery. Here, Hochschild lands upon the essential enslavement of sailors in both the British Navy and its merchant marine, with their press gangs, beatings, kidnappings, horrific conditions and high mortality, which kept the empire whole and the slave trade going. But why should empathy have been extended from sailors to slaves? The answer would make this into another, more speculative book.
The book that Hochschild gives us is valuable instead for its magnificent portrait of how activism works — by coincidences, friendships, patience, and stubbornness, by carefully built networks and belief systems that change slowly or suddenly like climate or the weather. There is the protracted timeline of change: a preliminary state in which almost no one cares about slaves; another moment when it seems like everyone in England does; moments during the Napoleonic wars when it seems like everyone except a few diehards is too frightened — by their own government more than threats from abroad — to say anything about slavery at all; then decades more to go until a final victory. There are interim victories. There are moments of despair. Most of all there are people giving over their lives to a battle that turns out to take more than a lifetime for most of them. And then there are the arguments over how the history will be written — Wilberforce's sons tried to write Clarkson out of it, and succeeded until 1989, when biographer Ellen Gibson Wilson revived his stature as the pivotal figure in the antislavery movement.
You can think of the nuclear freeze movement, which in 1982 had a million proponents gathered on its behalf in New York's Central Park, though few of those stuck with it long enough to realize the "peace dividend" that the collapse of the Soviet Empire was supposed to spawn, or to push further the opportunities for disarmament that arose. The current bout of nuclear proliferation can be blamed in part on Bush, but it is due as well to those who expected a three-year struggle rather than a sixty-year one; any eventual victories will be due in large part to the dedicated minority who have not been realistic, not gone home, not succeeded yet — but might. Or think of the anti-apartheid movement, which like the anti-slavery movement two centuries before combined the nonviolent and the violent, governmental and citizen action, domestic and foreign action, boycotts and educational campaigns to dismantle, piece by piece, slowly, with setbacks, a racist regime (but which, with the moderation that made victory possible, though far less of a victory, never dismantled the extreme financial injustices some call economic apartheid). That story, however, is still unfinished. So, for the record, is the global history of slavery. And what was once the British and Foreign Antislavery Society, founded in 1839 to continue the good work after the signal victory of the year before, is still active as Antislavery International, based in Thomas Clarkson House in London.
Rebecca Solnit lives in a dense atmosphere of conspiracies, digressions and marginalia somewhere in San Francisco. Her most recent book, speaking of conspiracy, is Hope in the Dark: Untold Histories, Wild Possibilities.
Copyright C2004 Rebecca Solnit
This piece first appeared at Tomdispatch.com, with an introduction by Tom Engelhardt.


text:
Rewriting Songs è un album del duo chitarristico formato da Nico Di Battista e Dario Chiazzolino.

Il disco
L'album è stato registrato nel settembre 2012 e pubblicato il 13 giugno 2013.

Il repertorio è composto da temi internazionali, riarrangiati per duo di chitarre. Rimangono solo alcune tracce dei temi originali, tutto il resto è improvvisazione jazzistica.

Tracce
 Maniac - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 W la mamma - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 Scrivimi - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 Estate - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 Parlami d'amore Mariù - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 La bambola - Dario Chiazzolino
 Generale - Nico Di Battista
 Per un'ora d'amore - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 Settimana un giorno - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista
 Ancora - Dario Chiazzolino, Nico Di Battista

Formazione
 Dario Chiazzolino - chitarra
 Nico Di Battista - chitarra

Collegamenti esterni
 https://web.archive.org/web/20141111165610/http://chitarra.accordo.it/article.do?id=80514


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