US Pharm. 2016;41(7)(Specialty & Oncology suppl):13-18.
ABSTRACT: Due to the increased life expectancy of HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there has been a decline in the incidence of AIDS-defining malignancies. However, a greater percentage of these patients are now being diagnosed with non–AIDS-defining malignancies, such as certain cancers. The current paucity of literature detailing the overlapping toxicity profiles and pharmacokinetic interactions between HAART and antineoplastic agents as well as the lack of guidelines regarding the optimal pharmacologic regimens for concurrent treatment of HIV and malignancies further complicate therapy. Potential drug interactions of combined treatment modalities in patients diagnosed with both HIV and cancer should be considered.
As 33% of all HIV-related deaths are attributable to cancer, concomitantly treating such patients with HAART and antineoplastic agents is becoming increasingly common-place.2 While the individual toxicities and drug interactions associated with both the antiretroviral and cytotoxic or molecularly targeted antineoplastic drug classes have been extensively studied, there is a clear paucity of literature on their overlapping toxicity profiles and pharmacokinetic inter-actions, not to mention the lack of national guidelines regarding the optimal therapeutic regimens for concurrent treatment of HIV and cancer.
This article will highlight the most notable pharmacologic concerns regarding the concurrent administration of antiretroviral and antineoplastic agents and provide evidence-based findings regarding agent selection and dose determination.
Several studies have found that intensive chemotherapy regimens produce similar outcomes in both HIV-infected and noninfected patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and HL.5 In a study conducted in HIV-positive patients diagnosed with lung cancer, HAART use did not impact overall survival; however, cancer-specific survival was significantly higher in patients with CD4+ cell counts ≥200 cells/mm3 (an indirect effect of HAART).6 A retrospective study of patients with DLBCL being treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) and either a protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen or non–PI-based regimen found that CHOP had a similar efficacy and toxicity profile in both antiretroviral groups.7 Lastly, in a trial conducted to analyze different antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected patients with cancer, PI-based regimens were found to have the least favorable impact, while non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)- and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens had similar efficacies.8 These studies, among others, suggest that the concomitant use of antiretrovirals and chemotherapy is usually tolerable, not associated with life-threatening toxic effects, and produces response and disease-free survival rates similar to those observed in patients without cancer.
For the general population, the preferred HAART regimen includes two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with either an NNRTI, PI (preferably boosted with ritonavir), or an INSTI.3 Many clinicians tend to prescribe INSTI-based regimens along with chemotherapy given the considerable drug interaction and tolerability concerns rendered by the other antiretroviral classes.2 While first-line HIV regimens may be utilized in cancer patients, HAART regimens should be individualized to the chemotherapy treatment plan, baseline liver and renal function, potential for adverse events (AEs) and drug interactions, and patient preference.
There has been some controversy regarding whether or not to initiate HAART simultaneously with chemotherapy. Some of the barriers to initiating and maintaining HAART regimens in cancer patients include patients' unwillingness to be treated for both conditions synchronously, the need for patients to be followed by multiple providers such as an oncologist and an infectious-disease specialist, and concerns for medication noncompliance and ensuing genetic variation and drug resistance.2 In nonemergent situations, the period of waiting for malignancy staging, pathology/molecular testing results, and insurance approvals should provide sufficient time to start HAART prior to initiating chemotherapy.
A stable HAART regimen may be modified prior to initiating chemotherapy in order to reduce toxicity, improve adherence and tolerability, and avoid drug interactions.2 While antiretroviral therapy interruptions should normally be avoided, they can occur perioperatively or when antineoplastic drugs have clinically significant drug interactions with the antiretrovirals and no alternative antineoplastic medications are available. In such cases, providers should be cognizant of the differing half-lives of the antiretrovirals so as to avoid functional monotherapy, which would increase the risk of resistant mutations (i.e., efavirenz's half-life ranges between 52 and 76 hours, which emphasizes the importance of a more staggered approach to its discontinuation). All attempts to resume antiretroviral therapy should be made when clinically appropriate. In situations when patients have poor prognostic outcomes with higher CD4+ cell counts, it may be reasonable to forgo anti-retroviral therapy completely.
NNRTIs: This class of drugs undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism.1 Nevirapine is an inducer of both CYP3A4 and CYP2B6, while efavirenz can both inhibit and induce CYP3A4, in addition to inducing CYP2B6. These HAART-induced changes to homeostatic hepatic metabolism present potential complications upon coadministration with certain oncologic agents such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, lomustine, etoposide, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vincristine, imatinib, erlotinib, bortezomib, tamoxifen, and procarbazine.13 Although there are limited data published on the second-generation NNRTIs, reports have noted that etravirine exhibits unpredictable drug interactions with immunosuppressants, which may be problematic for patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).1 Rilpivirine, alternatively, does not induce CYP450 and should, therefore, not theoretically affect immunosuppressant drug levels.
Attachment/Fusion Inhibitors: Maraviroc is a CCR5 attachment inhibitor and has a theoretical advantage in patients undergoing HSCT, as the CCR5 receptor plays a role in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).2,15 A phase I/II trial studying the effects of maraviroc in combination with standard GVHD prophylaxis (i.e., tacrolimus and methotrexate), following administration of reduced-intensity conditioning for allogeneic HSCT, found that the addition of maraviroc was associated with a low incidence of severe GVHD; there was no evidence of liver or gastrointestinal GVHD through day +100 (although skin GVHD was observed at expected rates), and there was no impact on engraftment, relapse, or infectious complications.15 Of note, maraviroc requires receptor tropism screening, is a substrate of CYP3A4 and the ABCB1 transporter, and is susceptible to many drug interactions.
When considering the overlapping pharmacokinetic considerations of HAART and cytotoxic/antineoplastic agents, several studies and case reports have been useful in elucidating this otherwise murky area.
Vinca Alkaloids: These drugs are CYP3A4 substrates.2 Case reports have documented the pharmacokinetic interactions between vinblastine and HAART regimens. One report detailed the development of profound neutropenia, severe constipation, and peripheral neuropathy after the patient's HAART regimen (i.e., zidovudine, lamivudine, abacavir, nevirapine, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir) was reinitiated.22 The association was confirmed when HAART was held and the patient experienced incomplete and short-lasting effects when the vinblastine was restarted at lower doses, while the full dose of vinblastine was effective and well tolerated. When HAART was resumed, the vinblastine was given at a reduced dose (i.e., a third of the original dose), which resulted in it being oncologically effective and well tolerated. The proposed mechanism of this drug interaction involved PI inhibition of the CYP450 enzyme system and modulation of P-glycoprotein inhibition, which reduced both the metabolism and efflux of vinblastine and lead to increased toxicities.
The increased life expectancy for patients with HIV coupled with the increasing incidence of NADMs in this select population has made the understanding of pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretrovirals and cytotoxic medications imperative. An interdisciplinary collaboration among oncologists, infectious disease specialists, and pharmacists is crucial for the determination of the safest concurrent chemotherapy and HIV regimens. Since there is currently a dearth of authoritative guides as to the selection and dosing of concomitantly administered antineoplastic and HAART regimens, much vigilance should be placed into selecting an optimal treatment plan, especially with drugs that are reliant upon hepatic enzymes for bioactivation and metabolism. In this manner, we can avoid compromising therapeutic efficacy and/or inciting inadvertent toxicities.
The present paucity of pharmacokinetic evidence regarding safe and effective therapeutic approaches in HIV-positive patients with comorbid malignancies obviates the need for further prospective trials to be conducted. The results of new studies are being eagerly anticipated by the scientific community in the hopes that they will provide much needed guidance in this clinically hazy area.
1. Mounier N, Katlama C, Costagliola D, et al. Drug interactions between antineoplastic and antiretroviral therapies: implications and management for clinical practice. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2009;72(1):10-20.
2. Torres HA, Mulanovich V. Management of HIV infection in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Clin Infect Disease. 2014;59(1):106-114.
3. DHHS Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1 infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. January 28, 2016. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed May 31, 2016.
4. Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, et al. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58(RR-4):1-207.
5. Montoto S, Shaw K, Okosun J, et al. HIV status does not influence outcome in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with chemotherapy using doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(33):4111-4116.
6. Pakkala S, Chen Z, Rimland D, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lung cancer in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Cancer. 2012;118(1):164-172.
7. Wong AY, Marcotte S, Laroche M, et al. Safety and efficacy of CHOP for treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with different combination antiretroviral therapy regimens: SCULPT study. Antivir Ther. 2013;18(5):699-707.
8. Torres HA, Rallapalli V, Saxena A, et al. Efficacy and safety of antiretrovirals in HIV-infected patients with cancer. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(10):O672-O679.
9. Zolopa A, Andersen J, Powderly W, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy reduces AIDS progression/death in individuals with acute opportunistic infections: a multicenter randomized strategy trial. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5575.
10. Thompson MA, Aberg JA, Hoy JF, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2012 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-US panel. JAMA. 2012;308(4):387-402.
11. Little RF, Pittaluga S, Grant N, et al. Highly effective treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related lymphoma with dose-adjusted EPOCH: impact of antiretroviral therapy suspension and tumor biology. Blood. 2003;101(12):4653-4659.
12. Rudek MA, Flexner C, Ambinder RF. Use of antineoplastic agents in patients with cancer who have HIV/AIDS. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:905-912.
13. Rodriguez-Antona C, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Cytochrome P450 pharmacogenetics and cancer. Oncogene. 2006;25(11):1679-1691.
14. Bower M, Powles T, Stebbing J, et al. Potential antiretroviral interactions with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:1328-1329.
15. Reshef R, Luger SM, Hexner EO, et al. Blockade of lymphocyte chemotaxis in visceral graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(2):135-145.
16. Seidman AD, Hochhauser D, Gollub M, et al. Ninety-six hour paclitaxel infusion after progression during short taxane exposure: a phase II pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics study in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(6):1877-1884.
17. Nannan Panday VR, Hoetelmans RM, van Heeswijk RP, et al. Paclitaxel in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus 1-associated Kaposi's sarcoma-drug-drug interactions with protease inhibitors and a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: a case report study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1999;43(6):516-519.
18. Duchin K, Sun J, Tan M, et al. Pharmacokinetics of low-dose paxene (paclitaxel) in patients with refractory or relapsed AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1997;A829 [Abstract].
19. Bower M, McCall-Peat N, Ryan N, et al. Protease inhibitors potentiate chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Blood. 2004;104(9):2943-2946.
20. Bardelmeijer HA, Ouwehand M, Buckle T, et al. Low systemic exposure of oral docetaxel in mice resulting from extensive first-pass metabolism is boosted by ritonavir. Cancer Res. 2002;62(21):6158-6164.
21. Makinson A, Martelli N, Peyriere H, et al. Profound neutropenia resulting from interaction between antiretroviral therapy and vinblastine in a patient with HIV-associated Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Haematol. 2007;78(4):358-360.
22. Kotb R, Vincent I, Dulioust A, et al. Life-threatening interaction between antiretroviral therapy and vinblastine in HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease. Eur J Haematol. 2006;76:269-271.
23. Carona G, Vaccer E, Sandron S, et al. Lopinavir-ritonavir dramatically affects the pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in HIV patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;83:601-606.
24. Corona G, Vaccher E, Cattarossi G, et al. Potential hazard of pharmacokinetic interactions between lopinavir-ritonavir protease inhibitors and irenotecan. AIDS. 2005;19(17):2043-2044.
25. Sparano JA, Wiernik PH, HU X, et al. Saquinavir enhances the mucosal toxicity of infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Oncol. 1998;15(1):50-57.
26. Toffoli G, Corona G, Cattarossi G, et al. Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxorubicin in patients with HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(12):1805-1809.
27. Ratner L, Lee J, Tang S, et al. Chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:2171-2178.
28. Fumagalli L, Zucchetti M, Parisi I, et al. The pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin are not modified by HAART in patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2000;45(6):495-501.
29. National Cancer Institute. Guidelines regarding the inclusion of cancer survivors and HIV-positive individuals on clinical trials. Updated May 29, 2008. http://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/policies_hiv.htm. Accessed September 10, 2015.
30. Deeken JF, Mitsuyasu RT, Little RF, et al. Treating HIV+ patients for non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in the era of targeted chemo-therapy: an AIDS malignancy consortium study of sunitinib in patients on ART. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(suppl 15):TPS161.


Searching for hotels in Pelling (India) or Pelling accommodation? Pelling, Sikkim is a town situated in north east India. It is 133 km away from Siliguri and 125 km from Gangtok. The surrounding territory of Pelling is covered with alpine vegetation, with number of waterfalls inside layers of the hillside. During, winter snow forms a blanket over Mount Khangchendzonga which gives it a fantastic look.
Mount Khangchendzona is referred to as the Guardian Deity of Sikkim. It is the world's third highest mountain along with other sister mountains (The Himalays) bowing before the Godly figure in reverence.
Pelling is an ideal getaway for tourists who are looking to enjoy the Pemayangste and Sangacholing Monastery; and the Khecheopalri Lake. The lake is believed to be one of the sacred lakes of Sikkim by the Hindus and Buddhists. It is out of sight because of the forest surrounding it and it is alleged that only birds and a single leaf are permitted to float on the lake.
Pelling offers amazing hotel from where you can admire the world's third highest peak. The Chiminda International, Norbu Ghang Resort and Tashi Gang Resort are well-established hotels that offers comforts at your feet. When staying in one of these hotels you can also find the time to enjoy the numerous attractive walks.
- Browse the Pelling Map or compare Pelling accommodation from Hotels, Motels, B&Bs, Lodging & Hostels to Holiday & Caravan Parks.
Resources, Information and guides on Pelling. For things to do, attractions, restaurants, holidays and sites refer below.
About Page: Pelling Motels, Family Packages, Holiday Stays, Caravan Parks, Apartments, Hostels, Last Minute Pelling accommodation, 5 star Luxury to 2 star Budget hotels and resort deals. Compare Pelling hotel reservations, bookings and cheap rates.


The University of Victoria offers a variety of options in the area of heritage, culture, and museum studies.
Post-undergraduate level Professional Specialization Certificate in Heritage Conservation Planning.
Graduate Professional Certificate in Cultural Heritage Studies, available in Summer 2013 to professionals and those interested in pursuing a career or involvement in cultural heritage, will strengthen management and leadership skills by focusing on conceptual and practical strategies for approaching challenges in the workplace and community.
The Department of Fine Arts has a program for the MA in Museology and also offers a short term course in Museology.
The Masters degree in Museum Studies is open to anyone with a Bachelors degree in the arts, social sciences or hard sciences, who would like to get involved in cultural studies : collection and/or museum curatorship, or work within the heritage industry. The main areas of study are : art law, financial and scientific management, cultural communication, the history and ethnology of museum collections, an introduction to conservation problems and the value of cultural objects.
The Institute of Art History and Museology is the first institute in Switzerland to specialise in museum studies.
Career prospects include: management of a cultural institution (museum, exhibition centre, cultural office, heritage service, administration), cultural journalism.
Department of Cultural Technology and Communication offers many museum studies courses. In the Department's curriculum, the coming together of Culture and Information Technologies is realized first by understanding the nature of cultural information and then by using Information Technologies to describe, organize and present it correctly and successfully. The understanding of cultural information is based on the analysis of changes in cultural values and attitudes in real time, while the presentation is realized systemically, with the incorporation of Information Technologies.
The University of Gothenburg offers an MS in International Museum Studies; the program is a collaboration with the Museum of World Culture.
The Master's program in International Museum Studies combines museum theory and practice through taught courses, qualified work experience in the museum sector and the writing of a Master's dissertation. The students are admitted to the program as a whole and after successful completion will be awarded a Master of Science in International Museum Studies. The program explores key issues in contemporary museums and galleries. It offers useful tools for scientific, critical reflection over the roles of museums in society and history. It also helps you to develop skills that will increase your ability to get employment in the cultural sector. These include critical reasoning, team working, problem solving and inter-cultural understanding.
The aspect of Internationalism is central to this program, and arises from three main strands. The students come from all over the world and we aim to recruit as diverse a student body as we can. The content of the programme aims to present examples and case studies from a broad international perspective. Student backgrounds are equally diverse, including architects, designers, conservators, biologists, educationalists, archaeologists and political scientists. The three main themes that permeate the whole program are Communication, Intercultural Perspectives and Co-operation and Inclusion.
The Art Department at City College of New York offers an MA in Art History with a Concentration in Museum Studies.
The Museum Studies Concentration at City College is an option within the M.A. in art history. This track of study offers a flexible curriculum, allowing students to develop their own area of specialization. Although the concentration is primarily focused on art museums, the required seminars also consider issues and practices within other cultural institutions, providing students with a broad view of the field. In addition to the two required seminars and internships described below, students may select from any number of elective courses in art history, history, anthropology, American studies, film, literature, education, or video production. By taking advantage of the cultural institutions in New York City, students have the opportunity to explore any number of career choices.


POINT PLEASANT BEACH — It's here! "Chick 19A", as it's lovingly being called until the gender is determined, hatched on Jan. 22 to penguin parents, Betty and Onyx. The new arrival is a winter highlight along the boardwalk at Jenkinson's Aquarium.
The baby has a whole bunch of family members in the penguin exhibit at Jenk's. In addition to older brother Kai, who just turned 1, there is grandma Dassen, great-grandmother Checkers, and great-great-grandpa Jonesy. And the new chick's OTHER grandma also happens to be the oldest penguin at Jenk's and her name is Jewel and she is 33 years old!
Congratulations on your new addition, Jenk's! I know how much love the staff has for ALL of the animals there... but a new baby chick really just makes for an extra warm and fuzzy environment and I can't wait to come visit the newborn!


text:
Boko Haram food crisis demands cooperation and accountability
by Mausi Segun
Snatched schoolgirls and suicide bomb blasts have long been the enduring images of Nigeria's Boko Haram conflict. But now the violence is represented by thousands of new faces: those of starving children.
Scenes like these haven't been seen here since the 1967-70 war with secessionist Biafra.
As many as 4.5 million people need food aid in the northeast of the country, ac- cording to the UN's World Food Programme. It warns that "famine-like conditions" may be occurring in remote pockets of the region.
Food shortages are the inevitable consequence of the seven-year insurgency that has displaced more than 2.5 million people.
Several planting seasons have passed with little farming ac- tivity in the affected states of Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa. The conflict areas are hard to reach, but reports hint at the deliberate destruction of farm production by both sides, as well as the targeting of civilians.
The Nigerian government's focus on an almost exclu- sively military response has Boko Haram on the run. With the help of neighbouring countries – Chad, Cameroon, and Niger – most of the territory previously held by the insurgents has been recovered.
But one major problem is that this military success has not been accompanied by a rigorous de-mining programme. Fear of Boko Haram mines means far from all the land is back in production, in what is an agriculturally rich region. The insurgents are also an ever-present threat in the countryside, beyond the villages and towns. That has limited the humanitarian response to this crisis, as well as the return of government services.
Fearing infiltration, the authorities have severely re- stricted movement around the settlements they have recaptured. Residents, mostly women and children, have been evacuated into camps strictly supervised by security forces. That has had a severe impact on the rural economy, along with people's freedom of movement.
Take Baga, a fishing settle- ment in northern Borno State, for example. It was recovered by government forces in April 2015, after its near-de- struction by Boko Haram. But because of the security restrictions imposed by the army, fishing has ground to a halt and trade with local com- munities is prevented. Baga is running out of food.
Internment
The displacement camps and temporary settlements in Borno, most of them crammed into the state capi- tal, Maiduguri, have become huge internment centers. Food supplies from the mea- gre harvests in areas less af- fected by the conflict and relief materials donated by international and local aid organisations fall woefully short of the needs of the dis-placed population.
As though the problems posed by the shortages are not bad enough, the distribution of relief material is fraught with allegations of corruption, mismanagement, fraud, and outright theft by government officials. And rather than conducting transparent investigations and addressing the problems, the federal and state authorities in charge of the camps have issued blanket and vague denials.
Need for transparency
In July, a state official in Maiduguri told me that she could not discuss the food supply for displaced people because the government had declared the issue a "state secret." That response echoes the National Emergency Management Agency's denial of a Médecins Sans Frontières report highlighting the health crisis in June among the dis- placed in the town of Bama, where it said up to 30 people were dying daily from hunger and disease.
The head of NEMA, the federal agency responsible for responding to internal crises, accused MSF of using the report as a ploy to attract donor funding.
It was therefore gratifying to see the federal government respond quickly and posi- tively to a Human Rights Watch report that detailed the sexual exploitation and abuse of displaced women and girls by government officials. Police and intelligence officers were swiftly deployed to investigate.
This response should set the tone for improved conduct by all officials tasked with protecting and supporting displaced people. It presents a great opportunity to institu- tionalise reforms in the vetting and training of staff, reforms that prioritise accountability.
Long way to go
Aid programming must include gender and human rights awareness, and allow for the thorough monitoring and investigation of abuse and misconduct, including in food distribution.
There is still a long way to go. The latest news from Maiduguri is that the state au- thorities – apparently unhappy about the negative publicity that followed the sexual abuse report – have tightened restrictions around the camps.
Rather than encouraging the protection of the rights of the displaced, the authorities have presented local and international aid providers with new requirements for their continued operations in Borno.
Nigeria is Africa's richest country, but it needs all the help it can muster to surmount the scale of this humanitarian tragedy. An international aid appeal for $488 million is only 37 percent funded.
The people whose lives depend on this aid have a right to demand a more honest and robust response when concerns are raised over the mis-management of relief. Transparency and accountability must be non-negotiable.
The writer is a Senior Nigeria researcher at Human Rights Watch
Posted by admin on Dec 15 2016. Filed under Commentary. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We're just over a year away from seeing "Robocop" back on screens, in a remake/reboot with "Elite Squad" director Jose Padilha making his English-language debut on the film, and an impressive cast featuring Joel Kinnaman, Gary Oldman, Abbie Cornish, Samuel L. Jackson and Hugh Laurie . A viral video has already appeared, and this weekend saw banners from the film debut at Comic-Con.
And all that was some neat timing, because today marks the 25th anniversary of the original film. Directed by Dutch helmer Paul Verhoeven, the film was somewhat under the radar at the time, and had a relatively tricky trip to the screen, but on its release, was embraced by critics and audiences alike, and stands as an acerbic, satirical, ultra-violent sci-fi classic that Padilha and co. are going to have a tough time coming anywhere near matching. With the film hitting theaters on July 17, 1987 — 25 years ago today — we've taken the opportunity to find five facts that you might not be aware of about the film. Check them out below. Meanwhile, "Robocop" 2.0 hits theaters on August 9, 2013.
1. "The Accused" helmer Jonathan Kaplan was the first director on board the project.
One of the reasons that we're a little wary of the remake is that it seems so difficult to imagine a successful "Robocop" away from the worldview of Paul Verhoeven (something backed up by the forgettable, generic nature of the various sequels and TV spin-offs). But the helmer was far from the first choice; almost every other Hollywood director had turned the film down before Verhoeven got to it. At first, director Jonathan Kaplan, who'd go on to direct "The Accused," was attached, but eventually departed in favor of Matthew Broderick's "Project X." One of the first on the list after that was punk helmer Alex Cox, who was hot off early films "Repo Man" and the soon-to-be-released "Sid & Nancy," and a friend of the film's co-writer Michael Miner (who penned the script with Ed Neumeier). Cox turned it down in favor of the Joe Strummer-starring "Straight To Hell" (he'd later be approached for the sequel too), and all kinds of other filmmakers were offered the job after that, including David Cronenberg. Finally, it came to Verhoeven, who'd moved to L.A in the early 1980s, and had made his English language debut in 1985 with "Flesh & Blood." Verhoeven told Empire magazine this month, that when he first read the "Robocop" script on holiday in the South of France, "I skim-read it and just threw it away. I thought it was terrible." But Mrs. Verhoeven picked the script out of the trash, and told her husband "I think you're wrong. Read it again because there are many possibilities here for you to do something different and interesting." Verhoeven took another look, and fortunately agreed with his better half.
2. Rutger Hauer, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Michael Ironside and Tom Berenger all could have played the lead role, and Peter Weller was actually fired a couple of days into the shoot.
3. "Two-Lane Blacktop" helmer Monte Hellman was the second-unit director on the film.
4. The film took eleven submissions to the MPAA before it was granted an R-rating.
Verhoeven was already known for lashings of gore and violence in his Dutch films, but he certainly took it to new levels for "Robocop," which features, among other things, Murphy arms being blown off with a shotgun, an executive being blasted into pieces by the ED-209, and villain Emil being covered with toxic waste to the extent that he starts melting, before being splattered by a speeding car (see below!). Verhoeven had intended the violence to be deliberately over-the-top in a darkly comic fashion, but when submitted to the MPAA, it got the dreaded X-rating (which was soon to be phased out in favor of the not-much-better NC-17). Verhoeven attempted to trim the most violent scenes, as well as adding the commercials mid-movie in order to lighten the tone, but the MPAA continually gave the film an X. It was only on the twelfth go around that the film finally received an R. Jose Padilha, the game has been raised… Verhoeven believed that the cuts actually made the violence more disturbing, rather than less, but was eventually able to restore the footage for the film's Criterion Laserdisc release, and the uncut version is now available for viewing on DVD and Netflix.
5. Richard Nixon participated in the film's home video publicity campaign.
Upon release, "Robocop" was an unexpected critical success (critics picking up the satire in ways that many would miss with Verhoeven's "Starship Troopers" a decade later), and also proved to be a modest hit, taking $50 million domestically. As such, it launched two vastly inferior sequels, as well as two live-action TV series, many video games and comic books, and somewhat surprisingly, given the tone of Verhoeven's original, two animated series for children. More positively, a fan campaign to build a statue of Robocop in Detroit succeeded, raising over $70000 on Kickstarter. But the most amusing legacy of the film was when Orion enlisted the disgraced former leader of the free world, President Richard Nixon, to shake hands with Robocop in a publicity stunt to promote the film's home video release. Nixon was paid $25,000 for his trouble, which he donated to the Boy's Club of America. History, sadly, doesn't relate what he thought of the movie.


Blockchain is part of the internet architecture. The needs of most internet applications are local and the supplies are also local. But information collection, search, optimization, and payment (value transfer) are centralized. The blockchain application is the development of internet application towards decentralization. The information processing and value transfer become distributed in closed loops.
Macro-chain will not only make distributed applications easy to develop, but also expand applications and innovation beyond the exclusive area of large corporations.
The mission of MANX is to create a global, universal, inclusive block-chain ecosystem.
The vision of MANX is to become a decentralized applications platform for billions of users, where individuals and Small-Medium Enterprises are empowered to develop and deploy blockchain applications with ease on a high-security, low-cost, efficient, scalable, and decentralized platform.


Bottomline -- i2 has come a long way, and has plenty of room for further progress. In its current state, the company is stuck in neutral – unattractive to most buyers in the market, and seemingly unwilling to sell at the current or a (future) lower valuation. Without an aggressive management team driving the business forward, the company, customers, and employees will likely drift. Revenues will continue to slide, morale will suffer, and customers will tighten their purse strings until the future becomes more certain.
I2 faces multiple challenges: Shareholders are agitating for a sale, a CEO search is underway, and results so far this year are lackluster. At the same time, the company's MGI benchmark scores have been improving – an early indicator that the business has at least stabilized a bit, if not progressing modestly.
Former CEO Mike McGrath departed semi-abruptly in August, with the turnaround effort unfinished. He made strides in paring expenses and focusing the business along a handful of vertical industries (consumer goods, automotive, high technology and retail). The company today bears the imprint of his tenure, and herein lays the challenge for i2.
McGrath's background was in consulting, and that was reflected in the resumes of many of the people he brought into the company such as the current CMO and recently departed chief customer officer Barb Stinnett who was responsible for bookings and revenue. McGrath eliminated i2's pre-sales team – forcing the sales reps to be product/domain experts and relationship managers. In addition, he slashed the marketing spend. With limited funds to spend on lead generation, a bruised corporate brand, and a weak channel (over 50% of i2's sales reps have been with the company for 12 months or less), i2's depleted pipeline is no surprise and unlikely to change without investment. Interim CEO Pallab Chatterjee has consolidated the vertical business unit structure put in place by McGrath and Stinnett and netted immediate cost savings. Chatterjee is widely respected within i2's R&D organization, but is not viewed by the Board and investors as a long-term CEO.
On the maintenance front, i2 has stabilized its recurring revenue stream, albeit by cutting deals that reduce the company's future revenues e.g., through offering multi-year contracts with discounted upfront payments. We believe there is still more room to improve maintenance renewal rates and increase the satisfaction of the installed base.
On the product front, we estimate that 75-85% of i2's product and IP portfolio is sitting on the shelves. Many of the products i2 acquired have not been carried forward, in part due to key staff attrition, and the fact that i2's R&D processes have yet to reach the same level of maturity as the business. With 70-80 products/solutions currently on offer, the opportunity for product rationalization is ripe.
The core i2 product-set in transportation management (TMS) is still viable – it is estimated to represent $65-$75 million in revenue or 25-30% of a projected $261M in '07. While i2 has signed some notable FreightMatrix (part of the TMS offerings) deals, an unconfirmed source indicated that i2 has not sold an ITLS (the core of the TMS offerings) deal in over 6 months. Nonetheless, with nominal investment and focus, TMS could easily be a healthy stand-alone business generating $15 - $20 million in EBITDA giving it an implied valuation of $180 - $240 million. Another positive note is i2's ABPP ("Agile Business Process Platform"), often referred to as "Chatterjee's brainchild". Leading-edge customers such as Panasonic have adopted this "outsourced business process" with great success. Panasonic now relies on i2 to build their forecast for flat-panel TV screens, and i2 serves as an intermediary between Panasonic and key customers like Best Buy. Unfortunately for i2, and in spite of its benefits, the ABPP vision is difficult to grasp for mainstream customers. The solution's complexity coupled with i2's reputation as a company "long on vision, short on execution" and a limited marketing spend limit ABPP in gaining momentum in the market.
Relative to where it was three years ago, i2 has made progress in its business. Its situation is neither as dire as its detractors would hope, nor as promising as its promoters would like to believe. The next six months are critical for i2. By airing its laundry in public (management instability, intent to find a buyer, et al), it is putting its already-weak sales pipeline in further jeopardy. Only the most fervent i2 prospects and customers will sign contracts in Q4, as everyone awaits the outcome of the JPMorgan-led sales process.
Finding a buyer for i2 at today's valuation is very difficult – but not impossible. The large industry buyers – SAP and Oracle, are doubtful to take the bait. SAP (MGI:1272) is fully engaged with acquiring Business Objects and rolling out BusinessByDemand. Recently SAP has been getting enough traction with its own supply chain capabilities that it does not perceive i2 as a real threat. Moreover, SAP has gone on record that it prefers smaller "tuck-in" technology based deals rather than larger acquisitions. Oracle (MGI:1976) has a full plate, and thanks to its acquisition of G-Log and resurgence in the retail industry is not seeing much of i2 competitively. SAP and Oracle could benefit from parts of i2's product portfolio (notably in supply chain and retail), yet so far both have avoided buying "fixer-uppers".
The two most probable buyers of i2 are Infor and JDA Software. Privately-held Infor is the tenth largest software company in the world, and i2's products would fit neatly into Infor's grab-bag of manufacturing, supply chain and CRM offerings. Despite Infor's recent announcement that it will take a breather from its acquisition binge (31 and counting), i2 would make sense for Infor. Most importantly, it likely would be accretive in the first year. Infor would do what i2 could do itself – if i2 had the leadership. Namely, Infor would pare the business down, reduce/eliminate the expensive cost of sales chasing large deals, reduce R&D spending, slash G&A, and focus on delivering and deriving value to/from the installed base of customers. Although i2 executives have been spending time in Atlanta, it would not be surprising for Infor to continue to wait. The valuation expectation of the i2 board will grow more realistic with the passage of more time in Q4.
For JDA Software (MGI:726), the deal is compelling even at $22-$23/share for ITWO (including the assumption of debt). Having digested Manugistics, JDA CEO Hamish Brewer is on record that JDA is looking for a larger deal. With the addition of i2, JDA would jump from a $90 million/quarter business to a $140-$150 million/quarter software company. It would be a supply chain and retail industry powerhouse, and could produce $150 million in combined EBITDA. Even assuming a minor drop in JDA's current multiple, the merged i2-JDA entity could claim a valuation in the range of $1.5 - $1.7 billion – creating $200 to $400 million in value.
Bottomline: i2 has come a long way, and has plenty of room for further progress. In its current state, the company is stuck in neutral – unattractive to most buyers in the market, and seemingly unwilling to sell at the current or a (future) lower valuation. Without an aggressive management team driving the business forward, the company, customers, and employees will likely drift. Revenues will continue to slide, morale will suffer, and customers will tighten their purse strings until the future becomes more certain.


Chatelaine is a popular condo building located near Venice and Marina Del Rey in the Crescent Park area of Playa Vista, California. Completed in 2004, Chatelaine is comprised of both single and double-level units. This complex offers contemporary floor plans ranging in size from 1,593 to 2,893 sq. ft., featuring open living areas, fireplaces, hardwood floors, private patios, large windows, walk-in closets, and luxurious bathrooms. Residents are drawn to Chatelaine due to a combination of its fantastic amenities, quiet neighborhood, community atmosphere, and close proximity to shopping, dining, entertainment, and recreation. This building offers a swimming pool, spa, concierge, clubroom, and business center.
Range $703 - $703 /sq.ft.
Whether you are contemplating purchasing or selling your condo in Chatelaine, it is imperative that you hire the right Playa Vista Real Estate Expert that can exceed all of your expectations. When you work with The Ryan Case Team, your every need will be met with the greatest attention to detail. We are intimately familiar with Chatelaine, and you will not find a more qualified Playa Vista Real Estate Agent to help you achieve your goals.
As a seller of a Condo or Townhome in Chatelaine, your unit will be front and center on our top ranked website. This gives you maximum exposure above what a normal Playa Vista Realtor would provide, as our highly trafficked website will help us to sell your property in less time, at the highest possible net to you! After all, the same way you found us is how your next buyer will!
This 2 bedroom, 2 full baths home, located on Crescent Park was recently sold on Monday, March 11th for $1,095,000.
With 1,662 square feet of total floorspace, this home comes in at $658.84 per square foot. That's 1.32% lower than the neighborhood average.
Originally built in 2004, this 4-story home sits on a 60,421 square foot lot.


Whatever it is, it certainly is interesting.
What's the scale on the pic?
Wonder if it was taken on the surface of Mars at all, or another likely Earth picture? In which case it could be a hardened exposed burrow for some critter that lives in the sand or something.
Some of the 'Mars' pics that have suspicious colourings from the 1976 Viking mission (another improbable technical success from that era, like Apollo) look a lot like Earth deserts with some quick tweaks to the colour saturation -- the kind of tweak that could have been performed using old photographic methods and filters etc in the 70s. The question remains as to how many of the current missions have faked pics on Earth and how many actually successfully landed and started taking real snaps.


ABC Russian: First words in space were said in Russian!
First words in space were said in Russian!
Do you know that the first words in space were said in Russian?
The first human spaceflight was launched by the Soviet Union on as a part of the Vostok program, with cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin aboard.
Since that the 12 of April is the Day of the Space (День Космонавтики) in Russia.


NICK FLETCHER. Film maker. Photographer.
All images are the work of Nick Fletcher, a film maker with 20 years experience. Nick is based in Anglesea, Australia, a beautiful town on the Surf Coast near Melbourne. Contact Nick if you have any questions and queries regarding anything you see on this website or any work you are interested in speaking to him about.
In the Environment Films section you will see films for the Earth that don't cost the Earth! I pride myself in coming up with and delivering diamond ideas but on a shoestring budget.


On this week's episode after the news we talk to David Silverman about the upcoming American Atheists National Convention, American Atheists' advocacy work, and the upcoming Atheist Voter program.
This week we're joined by Mikey Pullman and talk about some local drama, revisit the Shepherd's Rod, and talk about the latest news. We went long so patrons will get a few extra news stories and longer discussion of the stories totaling nearly 30 minutes.


In the world of computers, the cliché "more is better" seems to be commonplace. This cliché has been associated with computers since the dawn of the microprocessor. The years have seen computers with more megahertz, more storage space, and more options. Typically, the saying holds true, but occasionally more does not always make a superior product. Take, for example, two systems, one based on Intel's Celeron clocked at 600 MHz and a second based on Intel's Pentium III clocked at 550 MHz. To the naive consumer, the Celeron at 600 MHz seems like the better deal simply because "more is better." A veteran computer user would know, however, that the Pentium III 550E is in fact the faster of the two in most cases. It is for this reason that "more is better" remains a cliché and not a fact.
This does not stop manufacturers from touting a product asbeing betterthan a clearly superior product just because it has "more". Marketing firms know that many of the consumers they target will hold the "more is better" cliché to truth. Due to this fact, it is often-times hard to separate when more is truly better, when more is only slightly better, and when more is actually inferior. In some cases, the answer may seem obvious off the bat. Other times, the truth behind the marketing is skewed and the answer becomes less clear.
It has been awhile since the "more is better" debate was waged in the video card market. With NVIDIA on a 6 month processor cycle and few other competing products hitting the shelves, it seems that not many advancements, beneficial or not, have popped up. Well, video card manufacturers, with the permission of NVIDIA, recently set out to change the market with the "more is better" philosophy. This change comes with the release of 64 MB DDR GeForce video cards from a variety of manufacturers. How much weight does the additional memory hold? Is the additional memory actually useful or just a marketing gimmick? Is the cost of such cards justified? Is more, in fact, better in this case? These questions can only be addressed through hands on testing, an opportunity that AnandTech was recently given. The pages which follow attempt to guide the consumer through the pros and cons of 64 MB DDR GeForce cards and help access the value and speed to be gained by having RAM.


This morning I resigned as the pastor of the First Baptist Church in Lithonia, Georgia. My last Sunday here will be August 29. I have accepted an invitation from Calvary Baptist Church in Modesto, California. My first Sunday in their pulpit will be September 12. We will leave behind some great friends in Georgia, but we are excited about what the future holds in California.
One of the things I enjoy about coming home to Shreveport is the chance to do a little fishing. Yesterday my son and I were fishing for catfish. First he caught the largest fish he had ever caught. It big enough to make a meal for a couple of people. Then I hooked that fish's grandfather. It was the biggest fish I have had on the end of the line - except when fishing in the Chesapeake bay. I managed to get it to the shore line. When I went to pull it up on the bank, the line snapped. All three of us - my wife was a witness - tried to grap the fish. I managed to let him cut me. I think I heard him laughing as he disappeared into the the deep water. Of course, I now get to enter the ranks of those who can boast of the one that got away.


As their crews prepare for the invasion of Cape Sansapor, Coast Guardsman Robert Campbell stands watch over LVT(A)-1 Amtracs on the beach in Maffin Bay. The LVT(A)-1 had a M3 tank turret with a 37mm gun. At 0730 Hours on July 30, 1944, an LST launched 12 LVT(A)-1s and 4 LVTs, carrying the 6th Cavalry Reconnaissance Troop to Middleburg Island just off Cape Sansapor. Allied planners felt that Middleburg offered a place to quickly build an airstrip. The island was unoccupied, and the 6th Cavalry, minus a garrison force, was moved to Cape Sansapor the same day. One man was killed when a 37mm gun accidentally discharged. Seabees constructed an airfield on Middleburg that was in operation by August 17.


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10/12 Times Leader article
October 13, 2013 October 13, 2013 Justin Vacula 2013 FFRF Banner, atheism, local, me in the media, NEPA Freethought Society, prayer
Photo c/o of The Times Leader, no photographer credit was affixed to the picture in the original article
I was interviewed for an October 12 The Times Leader article which reports on the Public Square Rosary Crusade I protested and interviews me and Bill Dickerson of the NEPA Freethought Society concerning our protest.
For more background on the Public Square Rosary Crusade and my protest of it please read my thoughts on the event, my press release announcing a protest, another newspaper article in which I appeared, and afterthoughts reported on Brave Hero Radio. The protest was offered due to the event's flyer promoting governmental prayer and opposing secularism.
The Times Leader article, partially reproduced for purposes of archive, is available below. Click the article's title for the full, original article. Feel free to comment here and on the article itself, especially in response to other commenters.
W-B rosary rally met with passive protest
October 12. 2013 11:18PM
JON O'CONNELL joconnell@timesleader.com
WILKES-BARRE — Worshippers took turns reciting portions of the rosary Saturday in Our Lady of Fatima Grotto in quiet reverance.
Behind them, two protesters stood for the length of the service, which was part of a national Catholic event called Public Square Rosary Rally. The protesters stood equally as quiet but holding a sign that read "Nothing Fails Like Prayer."
The two men, Justin Vacula and Bill Dickerson, said they attended not to cause anger, but to tell the worshippers prayer has never effectively solved anything and they should not depend so heavily on it. They had been joined by a third person but he left shortly after the service began.
Some commenters, at the time of this posting, considered the protest to be disrespecting people and urged that atheists should respect the beliefs of people. I am not sure what it means to respect one's beliefs. Beliefs are not entities which can be respected or disrespected. Saying that prayer fails is not disrespectful of persons, but rather is sharing my perspective concerning the efficacy of [intercessory] prayer. Prayer has simply not been demonstrated to be effective and thus will not fix the problems which ails the United States. Government leaders will not, contrary to what the America Needs Fatima organization thinks, benefit from prayer.
If I were to protest with a sign saying "Catholics are stupid" or something similar, a case can be made for disrespect, but merely pointing out that nothing fails like prayer is not disrespectful of persons; nothing fails like prayer is a response to a particular claim, a belief which is not vindicated by evidence. I did not disrupt the rally, say anything nasty about or to any of the protesters, and even protested on the opposite side of the street. Mere disagreement is not disrespect.
Sometimes messages from atheists can be viewed as 'hard-hitting' because we are challenging cherished beliefs. When challenging cherished religious beliefs, people may consider a simple message like nothing fails like prayer to be offensive, but instead of claiming offense and considering atheists disrespectful, they should examine belief in the efficacy of prayer and wonder why we are saying what we are saying. Where is the evidence that intercessory prayer has an effect? Is there good reason to believe that government leaders praying to God will receive some special wisdom or invoke a deific intervention?
The "Nothing Fails Like Prayer" banner spawned in response to the Circle the Square with Prayer event which commemorated the National Day of Prayer – an egregious violation of church/state separation with blatantly Christian roots which the United States government endorses and has defended. The banner returned in protest of the Public Square Rosary Crusade because of the overlap between religion and government which was suggested in the event's flyer. I can't "live and let live" as some religious people (and even atheists) tell me as long as the wall of separation of church and state continues to be eroded (and people claim that my opposition to religious belief is disrespectful of persons).
Public Square Rosary Crusade protest afterthoughts
BHR: Dr. David Kyle Johnson talks Christmas
Stoic Philosophy Introduction
Stoic Philosophy for Secular Humanists


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MartialHorror
Fistful of MartialHorror
Creepy Bald Guy Reviews
Critiquing the Critics
Guidelines to Not Sucking at Video Reviewing
Kickass of Awesome
Horror Movie Review Index
Martial Arts Movie Review Index
Video Review Index
MartialHorror cuts a PROMO!!!!!
COMPULSIVE FRANCHISE DISORDER!
"The Blair Witch Project (1999)" movie review.
Posted by MartialHorror
/ September 22, 2016
"The Blair Witch Project" is perhaps the definite example of fear being subjective, because if it doesn't frighten you, it will bore and annoy you...As it once did me...
"Blair Witch (2016)" movie review.
"Blair Witch" is a good found footage horror movie that tries to appeal to both fans and detractors of "The Blair Witch Project", although whether or not it's successful depends on your tastes.
"The Visit (2015)" movie review.
While "The Visit" contains many flaws, I do feel like M. Night Shyamalan has learned from most of his mistakes. I felt the passion, focus and energy behind the camera, restoring my hope that maybe...maybe...M. Night isn't a hack who just lucked out. Maybe...
"Unfriended (2014)" movie review.
"Unfriended" is pretty f@cking stupid, but not as f@cking stupid as the trailers suggested it would be. The gimmick might cause eye rolling, but it is utilized reasonably well and I never grew impatient or disinterested. Yet how can anyone find this scary? The trailers spoil the majority of the kills, the characters are too unpleasant for you to fear for them and the tone rapidly alternates between disturbing and goofy.
"The Pyramid (2014)" movie review.
"The Pyramid" kind of sucks because it's lazy, stupid and really stupid, but at least it's not another paranormal themed found footage film. So...yay?
"Evidence (2013)" movie review.
/ September 8, 2014
The alleged intelligence of "Evidence" is built upon the stupidity of its characters.
"As Above, So Below (2014)" movie review.
I will concede that "As Above, So Below" actually tries to break new ground. The problem is that 'trying' is not the same thing as 'being good'.
"Devil's Pass (2013)" movie review.
"Devil's Pass" isn't a terrible rip-off of "The Blair Witch Project", but it made me realize that the Dyatlov Pass Incident was only scary because we don't know what really happened. If you fill in the holes, whether it's a natural or paranormal explanation, you destroy what makes it so frightening.
"V/H/S/2 (2013)" movie review.
"V/H/S/2" mastered the formula of its predecessor, being incredibly well paced- a rarity for any anthology- and improved the quality of each individual short, while making sure the tone was consistent. It also helps that the film is pretty scary.
"V/H/S (2012)" movie review.
/ March 5, 2013
I can't say I liked it, because I couldn't stand many of its gimmicks and a few of the stories fell flat. But at the same time, I can't dismiss this either because it can be terrifying and at the absolute least, it is one of the more ambitious examples of its ilk.
Copyright Ⓒ 2011 - BitFister.com


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Islam: opponent or partner?
September 19, 2006 in Education, General, News
Michael Hurley regrets that the Pope's recent reference to Islam in the University of Regensburg will hinder the necessary development of a partnership with all people of faith.
Sometime in the 1960s, a book appeared with the title Rome: Opponent or Partner? The author was suggesting that the time had come for his fellow-Protestants to consider the Roman Catholic Church as a partner and no longer as an opponent. As things turned out, the book made a significant difference to my life. BBC Northern Ireland scheduled a panel discussion of the book in which I was the Catholic participant. One result was that my Presbyterian fellow-panelist, the well known Donald Gillies, and myself became friends. I became more sympathetic to his evangelical Protestantism and he, from being an opponent of ecumenism and the World Council of Churches, became sympathetic to their aims.
The challenge facing us today is the question: Do we want Islam as a partner? Or is Islam to remain the opponent it still is for the most part? Islam is surely a mystery. How could Islam overcome Christianity in Egypt and elsewhere? How could Islam forestall Christianity in places like North India? One of my students when I lived in Belfast and taught the module on Interfaith Relations in the adult education course of the Irish School of Ecumenics, became confused and upset when she encountered our Muslim teacher, a lecturer in some branch of engineering in Queen's University. How could Islam produce a person who was so deeply religious, so full of faith, a man of such piety? She was a well-educated, sophisticated Catholic. She too had encountered the mystery of Islam.
If we are to evangelise our contemporaries and help them to believe in God and another world we need as many partners as possible. Islam is surely one. If in the past and the present it fails to live up to its ideals, who will dare throw the first stone?
How to make Islam a partner? Are the answers to the question 'How to make Friends' not relevant? It is sad that the Pope failed when in Regensburg.. His State visit to Turkey will, it is to be hoped, enable him to redress the situation…
Tags:article hurleym
Evie Hone windows relocated to Gardiner Street
They won't believe you're coming until they see you
Ecumenics book launch
The Jesuit artist's way
Ronald Modras: Conversations that Change Lives
Devotion to the Sacred Heart and the Irish experience
The EU, Lisbon, and ineffective leadership
Francis Browne
Pinning the politicians
JESUITICA: Model School Jesuit
Pioneers in 100 lands
The beatification of Fr John Sullivan SJ


The occurrence in a population of certain combinations of linked alleles in greater proportion than expected from the allele frequencies at the loci.
Indirect association studies rely on linkage disequilibrium (LD) between genetic markers to measure the association between the SNPs genotyped, as well as the SNPs in LD with the assayed site and the disease phenotype (Collins et al.
Patterns of variation in linkage disequilibrium across loci can be compared with the shape of the clines at those loci.
In the Syn0, linkage disequilibrium is high and this marker will show a significant effect.
By facilitating differentiation of the subpopulations in the two habitats, isolation by distance helps the buildup of linkage disequilibrium.
Linkage disequilibrium estimates of contemporary Nc using highly variable genetic markers: a largely untapped resource for applied conservation and evolution.
2] and D' statistical measures reflect different linkage disequilibrium aspects and show different behaviors under different conditions.
5389A>C were in complete linkage disequilibrium, and in addition, the g.
Previously published CDH13 genomewide association results and linkage disequilibrium in the 200-kb GWIS window.
Maize is a cross-pollinated species which exhibits high levels of recombination and a low level of linkage disequilibrium (Vigouroux et al.
30) In addition, a few variants per gene, usually only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), were examined to evaluate the gene, while tag SNPs for the linkage disequilibrium (LD) region containing the gene should be examined.
Due to the effects of effective population size on the level of linkage disequilibrium (Nordborg and Tavare, 2002; Slatkin, 2008), a fast decay of linkage disequilibrium should be generally expected in marine fishes.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and genotypic linkage disequilibrium between pairs of microsatellites were tested by Genepop 3.


I have been browsing guilds as I decide where I want to land and wanted to share some of my experience.
For me KA is a second game to MW. My account there holds its own and I understand the game better than the difference between an undead zombie and a dragon. Many of the people I know play both, and each favors a different game, but that is part of the fun.
Through my shopping, and thanks for those of you who have been kind enough to open your doors, I have learned a great deal about so many of you.
1. There are some amazing, generous and kind people here.
2. The support has been, well overwhelming.
We will see each other in battle and will fight you with honor and know you will do the same.
Although it is impossible to be in a guild with all of you, I tip my hat to so many of you and give you a deep bow (Asian, I do that sort of thing) and look forward to fighting with you and against you.
You are some great people, (not counting trolls) so hold your heads high.
I have experienced the same. I have one profile that leads a guild and the other has done some exploring. There are some great people playing.
Very well said Vball. I couldn't agree more.


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Fastest check-in: SpiceJet becomes first airline to use e-Gate facility at Bengaluru Airport
e-Gate enables complete boarding in 8-10 minutes
Gurgaon, May 18, 2017: SpiceJet passengers can now bypass long queues for boarding at the Bengaluru airport by simply scanning their boarding passes themselves on an automated e-Gate, enabling them to complete the boarding procedure in less than five seconds. This technology innovation adopted by BIAL is being used only by SpiceJet and is currently live at the Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru (KIAB). SpiceJet is the first carrier to use this facility at KIAB. Early results point to speeding up of the boarding process, making it simpler for passengers to board and leading to quicker aircraft turnaround times.
Passengers simply need to scan their paper/ mobile boarding pass – including wearable devices like smart watches – to process self-boarding from these automated units. With the new mechanism in place, SpiceJet has accomplished the boarding procedure of a complete flight via single boarding lane in just about 8 to 10 minutes cutting down the boarding times from the existing 25 minutes.
The automated process for boarding, e-Gates enables SpiceJet to integrate DCS (Departure Control System) to an automated boarding gate. The service has been implemented in association with Australia-based Elenium Automation.
Ms. Glory Nelson – Sr. Vice President – IT, SpiceJet Ltd. said, "Facilitating our customer to have an impeccable experience both on-board and on-ground is critical to help them take home great memories. We have always been a technology-adaptive airline and the sole objective has been to drive a seamless passenger flow with enhanced security standards whilst enabling the airline to utilise existing manpower for better customer experience."
Mr. Hari Marar, President – Airport Operations, BIAL said, "At BIAL, we are constantly working on new technologies that will, in turn, help airlines provide a superlative service to their customers. The e-Gate boarding facility is one such innovation that will enable passenger delight."
The project will include three dual lane eGates for deployment at the west bus gates which are being built as per BIAL's expansion plan and shall be completed by the end of this year. The live trials have been conducted for the past one week with more than 200 passengers using the boarding gate.


Ultimate Carpet Cleaning is a family run business that is committed to providing our customers with the finest level of customer service. Our technicians welcome the opportunity to understand your needs and together will achieve the desired outcome.
Ultimate Carpet Cleaning has 20 years experience in Carpet cleaning, Upholstery cleaning, Leather cleaning, Tile/Grout cleaning and mattress cleaning. We thrive to be efficient, cost effective, offer friendly customer service and assure the best quality. All of our products are Non-Toxic which makes it safe for you, your family and pets.


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Q: Let $A,B,C,D$ be the vertices of a four sided polygon taken in anti clockwise. Given $|AB|=|BC|=3,|AD|=|CD|=4,|BD|=5$ , Find $|AC|$ Let $A,B,C,D$ be the vertices of a four sided polygon taken in anti clockwise.
Given $$|AB|=|BC|=3,|AD|=|CD|=4,|BD|=5$$
Find $|AC|$
My try:I have noticed trangles $ABD$ and $BCD$ are right triangles but I do not know how to solve it.

A: You know the angle $C$ and $A$ are right and $BD$ must be perpendicular to $AC$(since the length of BC and AB are the same). Suppose the intersection point is $M$. Hence you can $AM$ by using BCM is similar to BDC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How long have you been dissatisfied with life?
Does frustration hold you captive while your heart screams for freedom?
I know what it's like to feel like a prisoner in your own life.
That inner turmoil is a cruel invader when life seems out of control.
Even on your best days, happiness is stifled by the traitor within.
Like a sneaky spy, your heart discovers hidden assassins lurking in the shadows.
Sometimes it's regret over the past. Other times it's worry about the future.
One day you're too busy to sleep. The next day you're bored to tears.
Somedays your failures kick you around the block. Other days you're complacent and could care less.
Something always pops up to kill your joy.
Is there any hope of ever escaping this funk?
Is finding happiness the ultimate mission impossible?
Have people told you to just "choose" happiness--as if it was that simple?
Life is too short to waste any more time chasing an invisible yearning.
It's time your quest for more gets satisfied once and for all.
In this article, you'll discover what true and lasting happiness is and how to harness it to transform your life.
CAN YOU DETERMINE YOUR OWN HAPPINESS?
Many people define happiness as the presence of positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions.
Or is it more complicated?
That definition brings up more questions than answers.
Does that mean happiness and positivity are the same?
Is happiness just an optimistic outlook on life?
What if I'm a natural pessimist?
Does happiness come from within or without?
Can you only be happy when all your circumstances are perfect?
Wouldn't that explain why happiness sees to come and go?
Is it something elusive that everyone is searching for but nobody can ever quite find?
As soon as you get close, does it moves a bit further away?
Or does that only happen to me?
Is it something different for you than for me?
Is it just achieving all the heart's desires?
Then who can ever be happy when our hearts always churn out new desires?
Is Shakespeare saying you determine your own happiness?
If he's correct, then happiness is a choice.
But who is Shakespeare that we should believe him?
The Bible is my authority for defining the realities of life and it also uses the terms contentment and joy as synonyms for happiness.
The New Testament word for "happy" is the Greek word "makarios" and it's an adjective.
In the Beatitudes, "makarios" is the term "blessed" and is used to describe particular people. In a different passage, the same word is also used to describe God.
Blessed (happy) are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
He who is the blessed (happy) and only Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord of lords.
The Bible says God is happy.
God is also perfect. And because of that, He has no unmet desires. He is perfectly satisfied with all things all the time. He is always perfectly happy.
And since humans are made in God's image they are capable of feeling incredible happiness.
God designed people for happiness and He is the ultimate source of happiness.
But sin entered the world and scarred God's design.
Yet in love and mercy, God provided a way to redeem sin and restore joy.
Redemption and happiness are found through faith in Him.
Christians are people who trust in Christ and are being conformed to His likeness.
Therefore, it logically follows that Christians should be the happiest people on earth.
Happiness is a result of grace, a fruit of the Spirit, and therefore possible for all Christians.
In the Bible, happiness is known as a settled contentment and satisfaction, accompanied with feelings of joy.
Joy is considered a more intense feeling, a gladness of heart.
This attitude of the heart is a result of salvation.
Christians can share in the perfect happiness of God, because they are partakers of His divine nature.
Genuine happiness is spiritual in nature.
Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. God's kingdom is filled with happiness, but of a more supreme kind than the pleasures of this world offer.
The Spirit dwells in the Christian to govern the heart and mind. The Christian's outlook on life is positive when she is filled with the Spirit and walking in the Spirit.
But if a Christian pursues happiness in created things rather than the Creator Himself, she will be disappointed and lose her joy.
She's not just having negative feelings; she's lost something positive.
So a Christian can choose happiness by choosing to commune with God through faith and obedience.
If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My love; just as I have kept My Father's commandments and abide in His love. These things I have spoken to you so that My joy may be in you, and that your joy may be made full.
The Christian cannot produce this joy in her own power or through earthly means.
Every effort to find happiness without Christ is futile.
The Bible reveals the results of the very first study on happiness.
Solomon, the wisest man to ever live, learned painful lessons about happiness the hard way.
His great power and prosperity enabled him to pursue every imaginable pleasure on earth. His pride and primitive nature lusted for and gained all he desired. But he learned it was all vanity and vexation of spirit.
It had no lasting value and did not satisfy. The more he got, the more he wanted. He created an insatiable appetite for himself that left him hungering for more and anything but happy. His pursuit of happiness left him more empty than before he started.
Solomon realized that materialism and sensuality couldn't fill the void in his heart. Happiness wasn't found in greater riches, increased power or innumerable pleasures.
He finally learned that life without God was empty and unfulfilling.
But as I looked at everything I had worked so hard to accomplish, it was all so meaningless--like chasing the wind. There was nothing really worthwhile anywhere.
Here we are thousands of years later and people still haven't found true and lasting happiness. They still continue to study happiness, as if it's something they can create for themselves.
The sources of these studies on happiness report their observations, but they still don't know the true source of happiness.
Yet these studies on happiness all share a common thread.
They point out that good relationships are major factors in people's level of happiness.
They say when people strengthen their connections with others, it increases their sense of well-being.
Those who helped others, or focused on kindness, gratitude and forgiveness, showed more improvements in psychological flourishing.
Those who pursued happiness by focusing on personal gains damaged their connections with people and produced unhappiness.
These so-called "scientific" studies claim the human brain is wired for happiness and positive connections with others.
The Bible says people were wired to have a relationship with their maker, and that connection with Him would provide happiness.
The Bible refers to it as the joy of the Lord.
The joy of the Lord is the gladness of heart that comes from having peace with God, abiding in Christ, and being filled with the Holy Spirit.
Is it fair to say happiness is what you make it?
Happiness, or joy, is a result of salvation. But it's not just a result.
Happiness is also a command. And people must choose if they will obey God's commands.
Christians are called to be filled with the Spirit and as we are, we have the supernatural ability to relate well to others.
Relationships are repaired and enhanced. Harmony and happiness are evident because the fruit of the Spirit is joy!
This joy of the Lord is visible to others. When people see this Christlike happiness, they are attracted to it. It opens the doors of opportunity for evangelism and service.
No outward display of emotionalism will engage outsiders. But they are intrigued by the supernatural ability the believer has to get along with negative people, be at peace during challenging times, and suffer without complaining in painful situations.
They see the joy of the Lord is not dependent upon external circumstances.
Many people base their happiness on what's outside of them.
They are unhappy when it rains.
They are unhappy when there's no money in the bank.
They are unhappy when the kids are defiant.
They are unhappy when the coworker gets the promotion.
They are unhappy when people reject them.
They are unhappy when they can't buy the new outfit.
They are unhappy when dinner gets burned.
Just as Solomon sought pleasures that offered only momentary satisfaction, people allow the temporal things in life determine their happiness.
But it doesn't have to be that way for believers!
Because Christ is ALWAYS present in the Christian, the Christian should ALWAYS be happy.
If Christ who is in us is unchanging, our state of happiness should be unchanging.
However, the Bible explains that happiness is not the complete absence of pain and suffering.
It commands believers to rejoice ALWAYS, even in the midst of suffering.
Rejoice is an action word. That means it's something you do.
To be full of cheer.
Calmly happy or well off.
How can believers be happy in the midst of a world filled with violence, pain and suffering?
Perfect contentment in every situation may seem impossible, but God never makes commands the believer can't obey.
God's abiding presence provides grace to help the believer choose to be happy in every circumstance.
You also became imitators of us and of the Lord, having received the word in much tribulation with the joy of the Holy Spirit.
As sorrowful yet always rejoicing.
In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials.
Consider it all joy, my brethren, when you encounter various trials.
Life is laced with hardship.
Yet rejoicing is a command.
It's up to you to choose whether or not you will rejoice in the midst of hardship and suffering.
You already have everything you need. You don't need anything else to rejoice.
The grace that activated faith for salvation is the same grace still available to activate faith to obey.
Grace will empower you to choose happiness. The Bible says you can do all things through Christ who strengthens you.
Happiness does not mean you must avoid pleasure. In fact, God gave all things for us to enjoy.
Just make sure you understand that godliness with contentment is gain.
Your heart's desires can threaten your loyalty to Christ.
If you compromise biblical principles to pursue sinful pleasures, you will not be happy.
You have unhealthy desires at war within you. And they are powerful!
You desire and do not have, so you murder. You covet and cannot obtain, so you fight and quarrel. You do not have, because you do not ask. You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, to spend it on your passions. You adulterous people! Do you not know that friendship with the world is enmity with God? Therefore whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.
These desires will tempt you to pursue worldly pleasures to take the place of Christ.
But if you pursue Christ as your treasure, He will change your heart's desires to align with His. They will be transformed into pleasures that He is delighted to give you. And He will be glorified as you enjoy them with gratitude.
Enjoying God forever is true happiness.
It's the result of salvation and living for His glory instead of your own.
Do you have the kind of happiness that is settled, cheerful, exceedingly glad and always rejoicing?
Is your heart happy whether the sun is shining or not?
Do you have the kind of happiness that is unwavering when everything in your world is turned upside down?
If not, it's not too late to choose. Your past and present circumstances don't determine your happiness. You do.
You can choose happiness. It's your choice, your life.
Do you want to experience peace and contentment in any and every circumstance of life?
People are born as enemies of God. Their sin not only separates them from God, it also causes them to make gods of themselves. This is called idolatry, the foremost killer of happiness. There is no peace or happiness when you are at war with the Creator of all things.
Until people decide to repent of their idolatry, they cannot know true joy. Yet the person who acknowledges there's nothing she can do to earn God's favor, but comes to God empty-handed (poor in spirit) she is blessed (happy).
This blessedness is not just happiness. It includes happiness, but involves far more.
God's blessing on the poor in spirit is His approval of this person. That explains how God is the exclusive source of true happiness.
This person's happiness is based on the forgiveness of God, which removes the wall of separation and restores the relationship.
The first step toward happiness is having peace with God.
If you don't have it, you can get it.
Genuine, continuous happiness is like hidden treasure.
It's impossible to put a value on it.
This kind of happiness is priceless!
You should make every effort to pursue it.
And there's only one place to find it.
The kingdom of heaven is like a merchant seeking fine pearls, and upon finding one pearl of great value, he went and sold all that he had and bought it.
Pursuing happiness in this manner glorifies God and promotes happiness at the deepest level.
The kingdom of heaven is the only place where you can find the guaranteed assurance of happiness.
Your inner sense of dissatisfaction with life proves you have unmet desires in your heart.
The heart is the seat of the soul that governs your thoughts, attitudes, motivations and actions.
Your desires will eventually lead to decisions, which require choosing between options.
The quest for happiness is already mapped out for you.
But you have to choose it for yourself. Nobody else can choose for you.
You can choose to be happy by choosing to believe in Jesus as your savior and receiving the joy of the Lord.


Since its founding in 2009 Stroke Art Fair has established itself as an international institution for urban contemporary art. Alternating between Berlin and Munich, it showcases a growing number of galleries and artists from the fields of illustration, design, street art, and everything in between. Traditionally, galleries have formed the focal point of action, yet this year they also provided spaces for individual artists to present and sell their work independently. Packed into two small rooms, 36 artists got to showcase their artworks and interact with visitors. Among them was a small (but very diverse) squad of three representing the streets of athens: Ino, Dimitris Ntokos, and WD. Here's what they were up to during the four days of the event.
Graffiti pioneer Ino represented his work with a series of four black and white graffiti canvases. He also produced a huge mural for the chill out lounge next door.
Dimitris Ntokos—whose work was prominently featured in the stroke flyer—displayed some of his signature scarab paintings framed in vintage golden frames and also did some live painting.
WD, who usually goes big in the streets, showed a series of small and playful canvases and frames on the inside and some of his versatility and skill while live painting on the outside.


Outwell's touring collection of drive-away awnings, ideal for those wanting to expand the living space, and storage of their motorhomes, whilst on their travels. Outwell's range of awnings is mainly pole structure awnings, which offer stability, strength and plenty of living space. The Country Road, California Highway and Daytona awnings offer excellent value for money, and have been very popular with campers over the years.


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Amersham's Link to Whaling
The Wellerman – Amersham's unexpected link to whaling and the social media craze for sea shanties
by Alison Bailey (February 2021)
"Soon may the Wellerman come
To bring us sugar and tea and rum
One day, when the tonguin' is done
We'll take our leave and go"
You may be aware that this is the chorus of a sea shanty that recently went viral and catapulted Nathan Evans—a former postman—to the no. 1 spot in the UK charts. What you may not realise is that this 19th-century whaling song from New Zealand has its roots in Amersham and High Wycombe.
What has become a global trend started at the end of December when Nathan Evans posted a clip of himself singing the shanty on the video sharing website TikTok. The simplicity of the song and the postie's charismatic delivery connected and ShantyTok, as it was termed, exploded. Thanks to the "duet" feature of this site others were able to join in posting videos, adding harmonies, musical instruments and even spoof versions. Celebrities such a Ronan Keating and Andrew Lloyd Webber also contributed their own accompaniments to The Wellerman and soon the national media was on to the story. After a whirlwind week, appearing on TV and radio and even on Good Morning America and ABC News, the 26-year-old from North Lanarkshire gave up his job and signed a deal with Polydor Records. As I write, this Nathan Evans' two versions of The Wellerman, including a dance remix are at the top of the UK charts. Nathan Evans Wellerman Family Tree — shantytok mashup/supercut – YouTube
Sung by sailors over centuries, sea shanties were used to bring a ship's crew into a common rhythm as they worked, and help them through their long, lonely voyages. It is believed that this current craze has tapped into a global need for connections and a sense of community – at a time when we are all suffering from cabin fever!
The Wellerman of the song was a supply ship belonging to the firm of Weller & Co based in Australia and New Zealand in the 1830s. What is perhaps less well known is that the money to establish the business came from the Weller Brewery in Amersham. Weller & Co was founded by Joseph Weller and his sons, Joseph, George, and Edward in Sydney in 1830. Joseph Weller was 64 when he arrived in Australia with his wife, Mary, their sons, daughters, Anne and Fanny, and daughter-in-law Eliza (who had just married George in London).
Joseph was born in High Wycombe in 1766 but most of his childhood was spent in Amersham after his father William bought into the existing brewery on Church Street and moved to the town. Joseph chose a military career first and enlisted as an officer in the Bucks yeomanry, eventually retiring as a lieutenant colonel. But in 1801, when he married Mary Brooks in Aylesbury he was working in the brewery. He was 35 years old and Mary was 22. Mary was the daughter of Joseph Brooks, a maltster and farmer. The family settled in Little Missenden and their first sons, Joseph and George were born here and baptised at St Mary's, Amersham. The brewery was a substantial business when William died, and Joseph inherited it with two of his brothers in 1802.
Joseph Senior had been diagnosed as having consumption (tuberculosis) and was advised to move to the coast. Consequently, he decided to sell his share of the brewery to his brothers and use the money to buy a sizeable estate near Folkestone where the family moved around 1806. Unfortunately, Joseph's poor health continued and some years later another doctor suggested a sea voyage to the warmer, drier climate of Australia. His eldest sons were sent on exploratory trips and both returned excited at the prospects offered by the new colony. Arrangements were soon made for the whole family to emigrate. Joseph Junior and Edward (who was just 14) were sent on ahead and the Kent estate was sold for a substantial sum, which according to family legend, was brought to Australia in sacks containing 12,000 sovereigns, which would have weighed just under 100kg!
On arrival in New South Wales in 1830, Joseph Senior began to invest in tracts of land from Sydney to Newcastle including extensive properties around the Maitland area, in the fertile Hunter River valley. He also bought a large home called Cleveland House in Sydney which was the family base while they investigated potential business opportunities.
George John Barwise Weller (1830-1884), c.1880. Photographer unknown, P1951-003/1-239, Hocken Collections Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago
George purchased the Albion, a 479-ton vessel and started a trading business between Sydney and Tasmania. Joseph Junior saw great opportunities in neighbouring New Zealand. He started trading timber and flax in Hokianga, North Island before venturing south with a sealing expedition. He soon realised that more money could be made from whaling. There were staggering numbers of whales off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand and it was an extremely lucrative business. Whale oil lit city streets and lubricated machines in rapidly industrialising countries like Britain and America. Baleen from whale jaws also provided the 'bones' to stiffen corsets or was used in much the same way as plastic is now.
Joseph Junior returned to Sydney to purchase a 214-ton whaler, the Lucy Ann in August 1831. After the ship had been sold by Wellers in 1841, the writer Herman Melville became one of the Lucy Ann's crew. Of course, his experience working on whaling ships inspired his 1851 novel Moby Dick.
George stayed in Sydney to manage the family's business there as his wife Eliza had just given birth to their first son. But in September 1831, Joseph, and his youngest brother Edward, just 17, left with a whaling gang to establish one of the earliest whaling stations in New Zealand.
New Zealand whaling stations showing Otago
A plaque commemorates their landing point at Te Umu Kuri, Otago, an Anglicisation of Ōtākou. The point is still known as Weller's rock and was then on the migration path of Southern Atlantic right whales. Dunedin is the closest city today and its early settlement was supported by the food produced at the Otago station.
The station was an ambitious project with over 80 buildings constructed in six months. Unfortunately, the entire enterprise was burnt down as soon as it was completed and so 1832 was a complete loss. George came over to help his brothers rebuild in time for the next season. Otago was the centre of a network of seven satellite Weller Co stations. The first shipment of 180 tons of whale oil left in November 1833 and for a few years, the business flourished.
Although profitable, whaling was perilous, requiring skill and considerable courage. Whalers chased their huge quarry in flimsy boats which were frequently smashed when the whales fought back. This sense of danger is captured in The Wellerman lyrics:
"Before the boat had hit the water
The whale's tail came up and caught her
All hands to the side, harpooned and fought her
When she dived down low (Huh!)"
Cooper, Alfred John, 1831-1869 – Cutting the blubber off a whale on Mohaka Beach. [ca 1860?]. Ref: A-235-010. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand
Dead whales were taken back to the shore station to be processed. "Tonguing" in the lyrics refers to cutting strips of blubber to render into oil in large vats known as try pots.
The whaling gangs were itinerant workers from all over the world and included Europeans, ex-convicts, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Whilst life on the ships was particularly harsh it was not much easier on shore. The whalers' homes were made from whatever was at hand. Furniture was improvised, often out of the bones of whales themselves. Supply vessels were few and far between.
Huggins, William John 1781-1845 – South Sea whale fishery / painted by W.J.Huggins ; engraved by T.Sutherland. London, published January 1, 1825, by W.J.Huggins, Marine Painter …. Ref: D-002-036. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand
These shore whalers entered a Māori world. The success of a station was dependent on their relationships with the local population — in this case, Ngāi Tahu. The newcomers had to negotiate access to coastal land and resources, and this could be fraught with danger. In 1833 Edward was kidnapped by Māori and a ransom paid for his return. The next year a serious confrontation caused them to equip one of their ships (the Joseph Weller) with guns, but fortunately they were never needed. In 1835 an epidemic of measles shockingly reduced the local population who had no resistance to the virus.
At the Weller station the Ngāi Tahu and the newcomers negotiated a relationship of mutual benefit. Whaling connected the Māori to the global economy, providing new opportunities for trade, employment, and travel.
Joseph Junior died of tuberculosis in 1835 and Edward had to send his remains back to the family in a cask of rum. This meant that Edward, just 21, was the manager of the station. He still went to sea with the whaleboats (which caused George great anxiety), but he was now responsible for approximately 85 men and 11 boat crew. With their wives and children, they made up a substantial community. Many whalers had relationships with Māori women, including Edward. He married Paparu, daughter of high status Tahatu and Matua. After her early death, he married Nikuru, the daughter of the chief Taiaroa.
These mixed families were central to the success of the station. As wives and partners, Māori women produced the station's food and supplemented the business of whaling. The Wellerman shanty's "sugar and tea and rum" were imported as rations, however flax, potatoes, and pigs were locally produced. Any surplus was exported for profit alongside whale oil and bone. Male relations also frequently worked in the industry, either on shore or as whaling crew.
Around 1837, the whaling business in Otago began to decline. The whales learnt to adopt other migration routes, there was competition from new stations and over-exploitation led to a drop in the global price for oil. The Wellers also hit some bad luck when two of their ships were shipwrecked. The brothers decided to increase their assets by purchasing large tracts of land from Māori chiefs along the east coast of South Island, but this added to their losses when the New Zealand government refused to recognise their ownership.
Edward's second wife died in childbirth in 1840 and suffering from ill-health himself, he left for Sydney, handing over the running of the station to his Scottish manager, Charles Schultze. Despite selling the extensive Weller & Co assets in Australia, George and Edward were declared bankrupt in 1842. Schultze and his partner, Octavius Harwood, bought the Otago development and continued to run it as a supply station. However, Wellers stayed linked to the settlement as their sister, Anne, married Schultze in 1849 and bore him five children. Edward retained some property in Maitland where he settled into the relatively peaceful life of a landowner and farmer. He never remarried and kept in touch with his two daughters, Hana and Nani, in New Zealand. The eldest lived with him for a while but returned to Otago because she was too homesick. Nani's son, Tom Ellison became a celebrated rugby footballer and visited his grandfather in Australia.
Edward was famously stubborn, and this obstinacy led to his death in March 1893, when Maitland suffered a huge flood. Attempts were made to persuade the 78-year-old to leave his home, but he refused. After the flood waters receded, he was discovered by a nephew drowned, trapped in his loft. A tenacious whaling captain in his day, Edward Weller may well have been the inspiration for the captain of the shanty who refused to cut the line attached to the harpooned whale.
"As far as I've heard, the fight's still on;
The line's not cut and the whale's not gone
The Wellerman makes his a regular call
To encourage the Captain, crew, and all
King, Alexandra, The Weller's whaling station: the social and economic formation of an Otakou community, 1817-1850.
The viral 'Wellerman' sea shanty is also a window into the remarkable cross-cultural whaling history of Aotearoa New Zealand – News and Opinion: University of Waikato
Blackman, Anna, Octavius Harwood, a real "Wellerman", The Hocken Blog
Octavius Harwood – a real "Wellerman" – The Hocken Blog, University of Otago, New Zealand
https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/5533F
The true story behind the viral TikTok sea shanty hit | New Zealand | The GuardianNZ Folk Song * Soon May The Wellerman Come
Biography Joseph Weller 1 (tomswhakapapa.co.nz)
Malcolm Weller, The WELLER family tree
Entwisle, Peter (1990) Weller, Edward Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
Weller, Edward – Dictionary of New Zealand Biography – Te Ara
Whaling, then and now | Te Papa
Amersham Films
History of the Chesham and Amersham Constituency
60 years in Chesham Bois
Mr Alliott's "Amersham Notes"
Before and after WW2
Homefires and Havens Exhibition
Beside The Misbourne
Mrs P Edwards
The Fire Brigade
Geoffrey Hadrill
Legends of Amersham
Monkey Tricks
Memories of Shardeloes
Rachel Shrimpton
Amersham's Anti-Slavery Movement
Black voices and the local anti-slavery movement
Amersham's name since 1066
Amersham – 1790 & 1824
Amersfoort's stone
The Ancient Chilterns
Chesham Bois Trail
The Civil War and Bucks
Elections in Amersham
Discovering the history of your house
House History Detective
The Great Blizzard of 1881
The Old Cooking of Bucks
The Plague in Amersham
The Year the Railway Arrived
Whielden Street's name
Wycombe Heath
Reference (Census, Population etc.)
Amersham and the Censuses
Census Districts and Enumerators
Census Enumerators' Pay
Population of Amersham
Posse Comitatus 1798
Charities of Amersham
Amersham Martyrs
Quakers in the Chilterns
Sixteenth Century sources
Amersham & Chiltern RFC – 1924-30
Amersham Playgoers
The Amersham Playhouse 1936-1949
Chesham Bois Cricket Club
Cricketing Rectors
Cygnet Swimming Baths
Amersham Marathon
The Music Studio in Chestnut Close
Amersham Town Band
Amersham & District Bus Co.
The Amersham Canal
Bucks Railways on Film
Memories of the Metropolitan Railway
Packhorses, Stagecoaches & Beer
Absent voters 1918
Amersham Bells – 1916 poem
The WW1 Amersham Appeals Tribunal: A Neglected Source?
Amersham Remembers (U3A project)
Amersham in Flanders poem
Chesham Bois War Memorial
Post War Experience
Chesham Bois Scouts in WW1
Soldiers & sailors from Amersham (WW1)
A VAD in WW1France
Pre-war games with guns
Music of the Great War
WW2 and the 1940s
Amersham Home Guard
Chalfont St Giles in the 1940s
James Bond – The Amersham Connection
VE Day in Amersham
Bunny Johnson
Colin Hunt – a tribute
Intelligence and interrogation
Latimer House – a very secret war
Monuments of WW2
Wartime Jewish Amersham
Winchmore Hill – VE Day 1945
WW2 diaries of Mabel Brailsford
WW2 preparations
WW2 reminiscences
WW2 submarine from Amersham
Youth Hostelling in the Chilterns


Contact J&L General Contracting & Construction Management in Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey through email or phone to hire us for your projects. You can also leave us a message by filling out the form. We offer free quotes and estimates.
We serve the Bergen, Morris, and Passaic counties.


Can you include a photo? It could be either one of those, and I would not be able to give you a diagnosis without being able to see it. I will be more than glad to help once I have a photo for identification.


Staff at breakfast were super friendly and the breakfast was wonderful!
Walking distance to the town center,the room is quiet and breakfast is great.we had a good experience in the hotel.
Good disabled facilities in room, larger room, big bathroom with walk in shower as requested. Great choice of breakfast menu and very pleasant and helpful staff. Location in quieter area but with great bus link to city centre from outside hotel gate. Views of the surrounding location stunning.


text:
Araneus bilunifer är en spindelart som beskrevs av Pocock 1900. Araneus bilunifer ingår i släktet Araneus och familjen hjulspindlar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Hjulspindlar
bilunifer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia