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Special issue statement
ANGEO | Articles | Volume 36, issue 4
Ann. Geophys., 36, 999-1008, 2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-999-2018
Special issue: Dynamics and interaction of processes in the Earth and its...
Regular paper 13 Jul 2018
Regular paper | 13 Jul 2018
Semidiurnal solar tide differences between fall and spring transition times in the Northern Hemisphere
Semidiurnal solar tide variability
Semidiurnal solar tide differences between fall and spring transition times in the Northern Hemisphere Semidiurnal solar tide variability J. Federico Conte et al.
J. Federico Conte1, Jorge L. Chau1, Fazlul I. Laskar1, Gunter Stober1, Hauke Schmidt2, and Peter Brown3 J. Federico Conte et al. J. Federico Conte1, Jorge L. Chau1, Fazlul I. Laskar1, Gunter Stober1, Hauke Schmidt2, and Peter Brown3
1Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Rostock, Kühlungsborn, Germany
2Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
Received: 29 Mar 2018 – Discussion started: 03 Apr 2018 – Revised: 27 Jun 2018 – Accepted: 05 Jul 2018 – Published: 13 Jul 2018
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We present a study of the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) during the fall and spring transition times in the Northern Hemisphere. The tides have been obtained from wind measurements provided by three meteor radars located at Andenes (69∘ N, 16∘ E), Juliusruh (54∘ N, 13∘ E) and Tavistock (42∘ N, 81∘ W). During the fall, S2 is characterized by a sudden and pronounced decrease occurring every year and at all height levels. The spring transition also shows a decrease in S2, but not sudden and that ascends from lower to higher altitudes during an interval of ∼ 15 to 40 days. To assess contributions of different semidiurnal tidal components, we have examined a 20-year free-run simulation by the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA). We found that the differences exhibited by the S2 tide between equinox times are mainly due to distinct behaviors of the migrating semidiurnal and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 tidal components (SW2 and SW1, respectively). Specifically, during the fall both SW2 and SW1 decrease, while during the springtime SW2 decreases but SW1 remains approximately constant or decreases only slightly. The decrease shown by SW1 during the fall occurs later than that of SW2 and S2, which indicates that the behavior of S2 is mainly driven by the migrating component. Nonetheless, the influence of SW1 is necessary to explain the behavior of S2 during the spring. In addition, a strong shift in the phase of S2 (of SW2 in the simulations) is also observed during the fall. Our meteor radar wind measurements show more gravity wave activity in the fall than during the spring, which might be indicating that the fall decrease is partly due to interactions between SW2 and gravity waves.
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Conte, J. F., Chau, J. L., Laskar, F. I., Stober, G., Schmidt, H., and Brown, P.: Semidiurnal solar tide differences between fall and spring transition times in the Northern Hemisphere, Ann. Geophys., 36, 999-1008, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-999-2018, 2018.
It is well known that the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) variability is strongly influenced by a large variety of waves that dynamically interact and couple different regions of the terrestrial atmosphere. Global-scale waves include planetary waves (PWs), which have periods of ∼ 2–30 days, as well as thermal tides, which have periods that are harmonics of the solar day (e.g., Rossby, 1939; Forbes, 1984). Gravity waves (GWs), on the other hand, are local-scale waves characterized by shorter vertical wavelengths and periods of minutes to a few hours (e.g., Fritts and Alexander, 2003). Thermal tides are mainly excited by solar heating of water vapor and ozone. Due to the excitation processes, the dominant tidal components have periods of one solar day (24 h) and its two first harmonics, i.e., 12 and 8 h. When the tides propagate Sun-synchronously, they are identified as migrating. The non-migrating tides are primarily excited by tropospheric latent heat release and may be westward or eastward propagating (Hagan and Forbes, 2002, 2003). Another source of non-migrating tides is the non-linear interaction between migrating tides and stationary planetary waves (e.g., Angelats i Coll and Forbes, 2002).
Given that tides are the dominant waves in the MLT region, they play a significant role in coupling processes by, for example, modifying the propagation conditions for other waves (e.g., Eckermann and Marks, 1996; Smith, 2012). Although there is considerable tidal variability at different seasons, analyses of the tidal seasonal behavior show that solar tides exhibit significant variations mainly during time intervals with strong changes in the mean winds, e.g., during sudden stratospheric warming events (e.g., Charlton and Polvani, 2007; Fuller-Rowell et al., 2010). The spring and fall transitions also show strong changes in the mean winds (e.g., Shepherd et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2001; Matthias et al., 2015). Hence, one may expect an enhanced and different response of the tides during these time intervals. Previous studies have investigated the behavior of solar tides during equinox times (e.g., Riggin et al., 2003; Pancheva et al., 2009). More recently, Chau et al. (2015) reported a persistent and sudden decrease in the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) in the Northern Hemisphere during the September and October months. However, they did not provide an explanation of this observed sharp decrease in S2. Laskar et al. (2016) speculated that the enhanced S2 amplitudes observed during August and September over Andenes (northern Norway) and Juliusruh (northern Germany) might be due to in-phase interaction between the migrating semidiurnal (SW2) and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1) tidal components, but they could not verify this due to a lack of global datasets. Recent studies have also examined the mechanisms of how gravity waves influence solar tides in the middle and upper atmosphere (e.g., Yiğit and Medvedev, 2017). All this motivated us to further investigate the differences in the response of the S2 tide between the spring and fall transition times in the Northern Hemisphere using both observations and model simulations.
The structure of this paper is as follows. In Sect. 2, we present and describe the tidal features in both radar measurements and model simulations. Section 3 is used to discuss the comparison of observations with model simulations, in order to explain the differences seen in the behavior of the semidiurnal solar tide between equinoxes. Conclusions are given in Sect. 4.
2.1 Semidiurnal solar tide as measured by meteor radars
Figure 1Composites of mean zonal (U0) and meridional winds (V0), diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal solar tides (D1, S2 and T3, respectively), and GW kinetic energy over (column a) Andenes, (column b) Juliusruh and (column c) Tavistock. The vertical white dashed lines indicate DoYs 90 and 275. The composites were determined for the entire yearly datasets available at the time this study was initiated.
Specular meteor radars constitute an excellent tool to study winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region (e.g., Hocking et al., 2001; McCormack et al., 2016). These remote sensing instruments continuously observe winds in the height range extending from ∼75 up to 105 km, with a typical vertical resolution of 2 km (e.g., Stober et al., 2017). From these wind measurements, it is possible to extract detailed information about the mean winds and tides, as well as planetary waves and gravity waves (e.g., Hocking and Thayaparan, 1997; Hoffmann et al., 2007).
In this work, we have analyzed wind measurements provided by three meteor radars located at Andenes (69.3∘ N, 16∘ E), Juliusruh (54.6∘ N, 13.3∘ E) and Tavistock (42.3∘ N, 80.8∘ W). The tidal information has been estimated by means of a least square technique. Assuming that the zonal (u) and meridional (v) winds result from the superposition of a mean wind (U0 and V0, respectively) plus oscillations of different periods, we independently fit the observations in each horizontal component with sinusoidal functions of periods Ti equal to 24, 12 and 8 h in order to account for the diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal solar tides,
(1)(u,v)=(U0,V0)+∑i=13A(u,v)icos(2π(t-ϕ(u,v)i)Ti),
where A(u,v)i and ϕ(u,v)i represent the amplitude and phase, respectively, of the different tidal components. In this way, assuming that the tidal phases are stable within the selected running window, daily values of the mean winds, and the amplitude and phase of each tide were determined in bins of 21 days shifted by 1 day. Besides, information on the gravity wave activity is provided by the residuals of the fitting process, since they contain most of the wave-like perturbations different than tides and planetary waves.
It must be noted that from ground-based single-station measurements it is not possible to decompose the observed tides into different wave numbers, which implies that we cannot differentiate between migrating and non-migrating tidal components.
In Fig. 1, we present a composite for the three sites considered in this study of the mean zonal (U0) and meridional (V0) winds, the total amplitude of the diurnal (D1), semidiurnal (S2), and terdiurnal (T3) solar tides, and a proxy for the gravity wave kinetic energy. The latter is estimated by adding and then dividing by 2 the squared residuals in the zonal and meridional components. The mean zonal winds exhibit similar characteristics over the three sites: eastward zonal winds during winter, and a tilted wind reversal during the summer, with eastward winds above and westwards below and the height at which the wind reversal is observed decreasing with latitude. The meridional winds blow toward the Equator throughout the summer, and mainly poleward during the winter. The semidiurnal solar tide is the main interest of this study. Nevertheless, we are also presenting our results on the diurnal and terdiurnal solar tides to stress that the S2 tide dominates at middle and high latitudes, as previously reported (e.g., Manson et al., 1999; Hoffmann et al., 2010). By simple comparison, one can see that S2 shows the largest amplitudes of the three tidal components. D1 does show significantly strong amplitudes during winter and early spring over Tavistock, but they are still a few m s−1 smaller than those corresponding to S2. The seasonal behavior of S2 is characterized by strong amplitudes during the winter, that slowly ascending from lower to higher altitudes decrease during the springtime, to end with very low values during the summer. During the early fall, S2 amplitudes recover and reach values similar to (or even larger than) those observed during winter and that extend to lower altitudes than the rest of the year (∼81 km). Finally, during the fall the S2 tide abruptly decreases its amplitude at all height levels. This pronounced decrease is seen every year at the three locations, and extends for a period of ∼15 days or more, depending on the year.
The seasonal behavior of the gravity waves is different than that of the S2 tide. From the bottom panels of Fig. 1, it can be seen that GWs show significant activity during the winter at all three locations, but that it is considerable during summer only over Andenes and Juliusruh. On the other hand, GWs exhibit a clear pattern during equinox times over the three sites: there is more activity during the fall than in the spring. This is clearest over Juliusruh, where an enhancement in the GW activity can be seen at approximately the same time the S2 tide abruptly decreases. The terdiurnal solar tide has a period of 8 h, which falls almost in the middle of the spectrum of typical GW periods (our measurements allow us to see GWs with periods larger than 2 h). Since the wavelength information was not available for this study, we were not able to decompose the T3 tide into the 8 h tidal wave and the GWs with that same period. Hence, to better assess the GW activity, the T3 tide must be included in the analysis. The seasonal variability of T3 presents some similarities with that of the GWs, although the amplitude enhancement seen in the fall at around the same time S2 starts decreasing is more pronounced in the case of T3.
Figure 2Semidiurnal solar tide (S2) observed during the time period (from top to bottom) 2008–2015, over (column a) Andenes, (column b) Juliusruh and (column c) Tavistock. Data gaps are shown in white. The vertical white dashed lines indicate DoYs 90 and 275. The selected years correspond to the period with available data at the three locations.
The time of occurrence of the S2 tide fall decrease varies from year to year. This can be deduced from Fig. 2, where we present the annual variability of the semidiurnal solar tide during the period 2008–2015, at all three locations. Over Andenes and Juliusruh, S2 starts decreasing earlier than on average during the years 2009, 2012 and 2013 (around day of the year (DoY) 270), and later during 2015 (around DoY 280). In the case of Tavistock, the years 2012 and 2013 show the earliest start of the S2 fall decrease (∼DoY 265), and again 2015 shows the latest (∼DoY 295). Besides an earlier start of the fall decrease, the year 2013 also shows the lowest S2 amplitudes previous to the decrease, over all three locations. Compared to fall, there is more variability during the spring, especially at high latitudes, where two consecutive years may exhibit a difference of ∼20 days in the commencement of the reduction of S2 amplitudes. The duration of the fall decrease also varies from year to year, and between different latitudes. At high latitudes, it tends to be ∼5–10 days longer than at middle latitudes (with 2009 showing the longest decrease), while over Juliusruh and Tavistock it extends for approximately the same number of days (with the longest decrease observed during 2010 and 2011, respectively).
2.2 Tides in the HAMMONIA model simulations
Motivated by our observations presented above, in this study we focus on the differences exhibited by the S2 tide between the spring and fall transition times. In order to investigate possible distinct behaviors of the different migrating and non-migrating semidiurnal tidal components, we have analyzed a 20-year simulation by the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA).
HAMMONIA is a spectral model that consists of a vertical extension of the MAECHAM5 model (Giorgetta et al., 2006; Manzini et al., 2006) coupled to the MOZART3 chemical model (Kinnison et al., 2007). The atmospheric dynamics, chemistry and radiation processes are considered interactively from the Earth's surface up to 1.7×10-7 hPa (∼250 km). Orographic gravity waves are parameterized according to Lott and Miller (1997), while non-orographic gravity waves are taken into account following Hines (1997a, b). The 3 h model outputs used in this study were obtained from a 20-year time-slice HAMMONIA simulation with constant boundary conditions typical for solar minimum and greenhouse gas concentrations of the 1990s, with a triangular truncation at wave number 31, corresponding to a resolution of 3.75∘ in latitude and longitude, and with 67 pressure levels. For a detailed description of the model, we refer the reader to Schmidt et al. (2006).
Figure 3HAMMONIA composites of the simulated mean zonal (U0) and meridional winds (V0), migrating semidiurnal (SW2), non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1), and total semidiurnal (S2) solar tides, and SW2+SW1, over (column a) Andenes, (column b) Juliusruh and (column c) Tavistock. The vertical white dashed lines indicate DoYs 90 and 275.
To extract the tides and planetary waves, a similar fitting technique to that presented in the previous subsection was applied to the zonal and meridional winds simulated by HAMMONIA. The global coverage of the model outputs allows us to investigate different migrating and non-migrating components. Hence, at any given latitude and pressure level the following tides and planetary waves were fitted in a 21-day window shifted by 1 day,
Ω=Ω0+∑l=14∑m=-33Bl,mcos(2π(t-mλ-ψl,m)Pl)(2)+∑i=13∑s=-44Ai,scos(2π(t-sλ-ϕi,s)Ti).
Here, Ω represents either the zonal or the meridional wind, and Ω0 its mean; s and m indicate the wave numbers (negative for a westward-propagating wave) of tides and PWs, respectively; λ is the geographic longitude; Ai,s and ϕi,s are the respective amplitude and phase of tides with periods Ti equal to 24, 12 and 8 h; and Bl,m and ψl,m are the respective amplitude and phase of planetary waves with periods Pl equal to 2, 5, 10 and 16 days. The number of daily unknowns to be determined from the model outputs is 111. A fitting window of 21 days is then large enough to obtain a satisfactory solution after applying least squares (21 (days) × 8 (time points) × 96 (longitude points) = 16 128 > 1112 = 12 321). HAMMONIA outputs were also fitted without the explicit inclusion of PWs. The mean winds and tides determined in this case showed no substantial differences with those obtained fitting Eq. (2), and therefore are not considered in this study.
Figure 3 shows composites for similar geographic coordinates than Andenes, Juliusruh and Tavistock, of the simulated mean zonal (U0) and meridional (V0) winds, the total amplitudes of the migrating semidiurnal (SW2) and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1) solar tides, the amplitude of the total semidiurnal solar tide (i.e., the sum of all semidiurnal tidal components fitted in HAMMONIA, or simply S2), and the total amplitude of SW2+SW1. The altitude range is the same as that of the meteor radar observations. However, in the case of the model the heights are approximated since its outputs are given in pressure levels. From Fig. 3, it can immediately be seen that the amplitudes of the mean zonal (meridional) wind are larger (smaller) than in the observations. Tidal amplitudes are also larger in the simulations than in the observations. The reversal of the mean zonal wind during summer is seen ∼10 km lower than in the observations, a difference that can be partially attributed to the approximated height calculated at each pressure level. Other discrepancies can be seen during winter at middle latitudes, where the simulated mean zonal winds are mainly westward. On the other hand, wintertime mean zonal winds are eastward at high latitudes, in agreement with the observations. The simulated mean meridional winds are mainly equatorward during summer below ∼91 km, also in agreement with the observations. However, the poleward winds typically seen in meteor radar measurements during winter are not as evident in the simulations, especially at high latitudes. The simulated SW2 tidal component exhibits similarities with the observed S2 tide: strong amplitudes in winter and both the spring and fall transition times are characterized by a decrease in the activity of SW2, with the decrease seen in the fall being significantly more pronounced and occurring rapidly at all height levels. On the other hand, the amplitudes of SW2 during summer are considerably larger than those of the observed S2, while the SW2 fall decrease occurs earlier (∼25 days) and lasts a few more days than in the case of the observed S2. The fall decrease in the simulated total semidiurnal (S2 in Fig. 3) solar tide also takes place ∼25 days earlier than in the observations.
The amplitude and seasonal behavior of SW1 are quite different. From Fig. 3, one can clearly see that the amplitudes of this tidal component never reach values larger than 20 m s−1 and that the lowest values are mainly seen during the summer and the fall. In the spring, SW1 amplitudes over Andenes and Juliusruh remain approximately constant during the first half of the season, and slightly decrease during the second one. Over Tavistock, SW1 exhibits similar amplitude values throughout most of the spring. During the fall over Andenes and Juliusruh, SW1 amplitudes start decreasing around 1 week later than SW2, and they reach the lowest values approximately one month after SW2 does. Over Tavistock, SW1 exhibits extremely low amplitudes the entire summer and fall. The rest of the semidiurnal tidal components extracted from HAMMONIA outputs have very small to negligible amplitudes and are not shown here. The seasonal behavior of S2 and SW2+SW1 is exactly the same (Fig. 3). The largest differences in amplitude are of only a few m s−1, mainly during summer and early fall. Moreover, the amplitude and seasonal behavior of S2 are very similar to those of SW2, especially during the fall, which suggests that the behavior of the total semidiurnal tide is mainly driven by SW2.
Figure 4Composites of the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) and its phase in the zonal and meridional components, over (column a) Andenes, (column b) Juliusruh and (column c) Tavistock. The vertical white dashed lines indicate DoYs 90 and 275.
Given that one of the sources of non-migrating tides is the non-linear interaction between migrating tides and stationary planetary waves (e.g., He et al., 2017), we also analyzed the PWs extracted from HAMMONIA outputs. However, we found very low to negligible PW activity during equinox times and no significant differences between the spring and fall transition times over all the locations considered in this study. Substantial PW activity was detected in the model only during winter.
The semidiurnal solar tide observed over Andenes, Juliusruh and Tavistock exhibits significant differences between the spring and fall transition times. These differences are reproduced by the HAMMONIA model to a certain extent. Although there are obvious discrepancies in the time of occurrence and duration of the fall decrease (it occurs around one month earlier in the simulations), as well as in the tidal amplitudes during the spring, the features that characterize the tidal behavior during equinox times are similar in observations and simulations. Further, previous studies have already shown good agreement between observed tides and those simulated by HAMMONIA (e.g., Yuan et al., 2008). Therefore, we assume that one can use the analysis of the simulated tides to explain the behavior of S2 in the observations.
Figure 5HAMMONIA composites of the simulated mean zonal (U0) wind, the migrating semidiurnal solar (SW2) tide, SW2 phases in the zonal (ϕ(u)) and meridional (ϕ(v)) components, and gravity wave kinetic energy over (column a) Andenes, (column b) Juliusruh and (column c) Tavistock. The vertical white dashed lines indicate DoYs 90 and 275. Notice the different height range in the case of U0 and the GWs.
Although both equinox time periods are characterized by a reduction in the activity of the S2 tide, the decrease observed in the fall is abrupt, more pronounced and it happens at all height levels at approximately the same time (Fig. 1). Furthermore, despite year-to-year changes in its duration and time of occurrence, the S2 fall decrease repeats every single year at both middle and high latitudes (Fig. 2). Laskar et al. (2016) suggested that a possible explanation of this feature may be that distinct migrating and non-migrating components of S2 behave differently during these periods. After extracting the tides from HAMMONIA simulations, we found that the simulated S2 tide is primarily determined by SW2 and SW1, which happen to present distinct behaviors during the spring and fall transition times. From Fig. 3, it can be seen that during the spring, SW2 decreases but SW1 maintains similar amplitude values or slightly decreases. During the fall, both tides decrease, although SW1 does it later. One can thus postulate that since SW1 does not decrease significantly during the spring, this allows the S2 tide to maintain larger amplitudes than those observed during the fall. On the other hand, it seems that the influence of SW1 in the fall is not as relevant, given that this tidal component decreases later than SW2, but S2 decreases at the same time and with the same intensity as SW2. In other words, the observed S2 tide decreases during both equinox time periods because SW2 decreases, but during the spring the reduction of S2 is not as pronounced due to sustained higher amplitudes of SW1. In the fall, the observed decrease in S2 is more pronounced due to a more intense and longer decrease in SW2.
To further investigate the fall decrease, we have analyzed the phases of S2 and SW2. Forbes and Vial (1989) used model simulations to reproduce the phase change of the semidiurnal solar tide during equinox times, although they claimed that the phase transition is more rapid during the spring. From Fig. 4, where we present a composite of the phases of the observed S2 in both horizontal components at the three locations considered in this work (we have included S2 total amplitudes for the purpose of a better comparison), one can see a clear shift in the phase of S2 at the time of the fall decrease. The late spring also shows changes in the phase, but these are not as pronounced and rapid as during the fall, especially over Andenes and Juliusruh, where both the zonal and meridional components show changes in the phase of ∼2 h or more (over Tavistock, the phase changes in the meridional component are smaller). The behavior of the phase in the case of the simulated SW2 is similar: in both horizontal components, it exhibits a shift of ∼2 h that manifests during the fall, when the amplitudes of SW2 abruptly decrease. This can be seen in Fig. 5, where besides the amplitude and phases of SW2, we also present the mean zonal wind (top panels) and the gravity waves (bottom panels) extracted from HAMMONIA, at Andenes, Juliusruh and Tavistock. The latter were obtained in the same way as for the observations.
Atmospheric tides are strongly influenced by mean winds and other types of waves (e.g., McLandress, 2002). Particularly, gravity waves propagating up from the troposphere cannot reach higher altitudes than those where their phase velocities match the wind velocity (e.g., Holton, 1983). However, during the fall transition time, the zonal wind in the stratosphere and mesosphere reverses from westward to eastward (see Fig. 5). Espy and Stegman (2002) showed that this reversal of the wind allows GWs to freely propagate upwards and reach the MLT region. Therefore, it is possible that the change seen in the phase of S2 is the result of interactions between this tide and GWs (e.g., Fritts and Vincent, 1987). By comparing Figs. 1 and 4, one can see that the enhancement of the gravity wave activity detected during the fall occurs at approximately the same time the phase of S2 shifts significantly. In the case of HAMMONIA simulations, the gravity wave activity also enhances considerably during the fall (Fig. 5). Andenes does not show such a strong enhancement, although it is clear that there is more GW activity during the fall than in the spring. GWs may naturally result from model simulations (e.g., Shepherd et al., 2000), but they strongly depend on the resolution of the model. As mentioned before, HAMMONIA runs at T31, which means that the smallest waves resolved by the model will have a length of more than 1000 km. This clearly imposes limitations to our analysis, since the gravity waves extracted from HAMMONIA simulations will only represent a small part of the actual GW spectrum and different parts of the latter may interact differently with S2. On the other hand, given that parameterized gravity waves can act only where they break (e.g., Sarin et al., 1996), a thorough analysis of the mean flow is necessary in order to assess their impact on the tidal behavior. This is clearly out of the scope of the present study. Nonetheless, if one takes into consideration that the results based on the simulated gravity waves are only applicable to long-scale waves, it follows that observations and model simulations reveal that the long-wave GW activity enhances at approximately the same time the semidiurnal solar tide exhibits a strong shift in its phase and a pronounced decrease in its amplitude. Consequently, one may speculate that the change seen during the fall in the phase of the S2 tide, as well as the decrease in its amplitude, are partly due to interactions between SW2 and gravity waves. Future efforts will be focused on direct comparisons of the observed SW2 with GWs, as well as with planetary waves. For that, we plan to use multiple radars to separate SW2 and SW1 from the actual measurements, by means of a phase differencing technique (He et al., 2018).
Given that the semidiurnal solar tide is produced mainly by solar heating of the ozone located in the stratosphere region (e.g., Chapman and Lindzen, 1970), the sudden and strong changes exhibited by S2 during the fall may also be related to changes in the ozone concentration. Ozone variability has already been considered in previous studies in order to partially explain the seasonal and longitudinal variability of S2 (e.g., Jacobi et al., 1999). Consequently, we also investigated the ozone levels simulated by the HAMMONIA model. We found no significant differences in the ozone concentration between the spring and fall transition times. Compared to the spring, the ozone levels are slightly reduced during the fall. However, this difference is not large enough so as to attribute the sudden decrease in S2 to a depletion of ozone.
Based on comparisons of meteor radar measurements with HAMMONIA model simulations, we showed that the differences exhibited by the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) observed at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between equinox times are mainly due to distinct behaviors of the migrating semidiurnal (SW2) and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1) tidal components. Specifically, during the fall both SW2 and SW1 decrease, while during the springtime SW2 decreases but SW1 remains approximately constant or decreases only slightly. The decrease shown by SW1 during the fall occurs later than that of SW2 and S2, which indicates that the behavior of S2 is mainly driven by the migrating component. Nonetheless, the influence of SW1 is necessary to explain the behavior of S2 during the spring. Contributions by other semidiurnal tidal components were found to be very small to negligible.
In addition, we have shown that during the fall transition, at approximately the same time the observed S2 tide decreases, a downward propagated phase shift (of ∼2 h or more) can be seen in both horizontal components of this tide. The same feature was found in the model simulations, but in both horizontal components of SW2. Furthermore, our meteor radar observations show an increase in the gravity wave activity during this time interval, possibly indicating that the phase shift, and the decrease in the amplitude of the semidiurnal solar tide, may be partly due to interactions between SW2 and gravity waves.
Data availability.
The Andenes and Juliusruh meteor radar data are available upon request from Gunter Stober. To obtain access to Tavistock meteor radar data and/or HAMMONIA model simulations, please contact Peter Brown and/or Hauke Schmidt.
Competing interests.
Special issue statement.
This article is part of the special issue "Dynamics and interaction of processes in the Earth and its space environment: the perspective from low Earth orbiting satellites and beyond". It is not associated with a conference.
Acknowledgements.
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under SPP 1788 (DynamicEarth) project CH 1482/1-1 (DYNAMITE).
The authors would like to thank Nick Pedatella from NCAR and the members of the Tides matrix group at IAP for the fruitful discussions that helped to improve the quality of this work.
The topical editor, Claudia Stolle, thanks two anonymous referees for help in evaluating this paper.
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Dynamics and interaction of processes in the Earth and its...
Based on comparisons of meteor radar measurements with HAMMONIA model simulations, we show that the differences exhibited by the semidiurnal solar tide (S2) observed at middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between equinox times are mainly due to distinct behaviors of the migrating semidiurnal (SW2) and the non-migrating westward-propagating wave number 1 semidiurnal (SW1) tidal components.
Based on comparisons of meteor radar measurements with HAMMONIA model simulations, we show that...
An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union


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Dit is de lijst van kandidaten van de Socialistische Partij voor de Nederlandse Tweede Kamerverkiezingen 1994.

De partij diende in zeven stellen kieskringen een verschillende lijsten in waar in totaal negentig personen op stonden, waarbij er verschillen waren in de samenstelling van mensen en de volgorde. Hierbij waren er mensen die overal op de lijst stonden, zoals de nummers 1 en 2 Marijnissen en Poppe, maar er waren ook mensen die bijvoorbeeld op enkele of slechts één lijst stonden.

De lijst
vet: verkozen
schuin: voorkeurdrempel overschreden

SP
Lijsten van SP-politici

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Упаковка содержимого папки в tar.gz архив Как создать архив из содержимого папки (т.е. ее самой в архиве быть не должно)?

A: Зайти в папку и выполнить
tar -czf ../имя_архива.tar.gz .

Работает и со скрытыми файлами

A: Зайти в папку и создать архив из всего, что в ней есть:
 tar -cf result.tar *

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home > Experts > Michael Thompson
October 2015 October '15
https://global.pimco.com/en-gbl/5y83yb46h37d
Asia: Focus Shifts to Returns and Volatility
Rising interest rates in the U.S. are no longer the biggest concern for investors in Asia ex-Japan.
fixed income, multi asset, income
By Michael Thompson October 2015
Head of PIMCO Asia ex Japan
Mr. Thompson is an executive vice president in the Hong Kong office and head of PIMCO Asia. He is responsible for leading a team of investment professionals who deliver PIMCO's investment capabilities and services to clients across the region and for PIMCO's business strategy across Asia. Previously, Mr. Thompson held several positions with the firm, including head of the Singapore office, head of the wealth management group in Asia and head of European third-party distribution. In his capacity as head of Singapore, Mr. Thompson chaired the board of PIMCO Asia Ltd. Prior to joining PIMCO in 2006, he was responsible for UK business development and marketing at Western Asset Management Company. He has 25 years of investment experience and holds an undergraduate degree in economics and law from the University of Natal in South Africa. He has completed the Leadership Excellence through Awareness and Practice program at INSEAD.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This week, Los Angeles Mayor Antonia Villaraigosa joined the ranks of numerous public officials calling for drivers to stop texting while driving.
The State of California banned texting while driving over a year and a half ago, but many drivers throughout Marin County, Stockton and all of California still continue to text while driving.
Texting can be deadly. In fact, some statistics estimate that you are 23 times more like to be in a car accident if you text while you are driving.
A bill is currently pending before the Sacramento state senate that seeks to increase first time fines from texting from $20 to $50 for violations and from $50 to $100 for each additional offense.
Bicyclists would be fined $20 for texting while bicycling.
The current law is being ignored by many, especially teenagers. According to the Pew Research Center's Internet and American Life Project, 26 percent of American teens admitted driving while texting.
As a California personal injury attorney, I support this bill. Too many car and biking accidents occur as a result of driver distraction. Hopefully increased fines will lead to increased attention to this often dangerous and often deadly habit.


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Of Swords and Magic
History, Myth and the Continuation of the Arthurian Legend
Character Boards
Arthurian Adventure Destinations, Part 2: South Wales
Posted byarthuriananerd December 14, 2022 December 15, 2022 Posted inUncategorizedTags:adventure, arthurian, arthurian legend, arthurian literature, arthurianlegend, arthurianliterature, britain, british, british mythology, camelot, celtic, europeantravel, fantasy, king arthur, kingarthur, knightsoftheroundtable, legend, medieval, merlin, romanobritish, round table, sir gawain, sir percival, south wales, travel, uk, wales, welsh
[To hear this post as a podcast episode, click here!]
Greetings, lords and ladies! And happy holidays! Apologies for the lack of posts lately– things have been super busy but I plan on making more time for these posts! I missed this blog dearly. ❤
Since last I wrote, things have finally opened again and are safe for travel! I know a bunch of my fellow Arthurianists are excited to explore more of the U.K. in the near future. What better thing for us Camelot nerds to dream of for the coming new year than Arthurian travel destinations, right? We covered some of England last time– and still have much more of her to cover– but we haven't yet mentioned her next-door neighbor.
While England has the reputation of being a hub for tons of Arthurian spots, Wales is honestly the true goldmine. Most Arthurian fans know that Wales is argued by many to even be the birthplace of the legend. The first written accounts of King Arthur were by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia regum Brittanniea, or The History of the Kings of Britain. Not only did he write accounts of Arthur in Wales but he wrote most of his work in his hometown of Monmouth (south Wales.) And Geoffrey wrote about the land and legends that he knew. Some people believe his work to be connected to The Dream of Rhonabwy, another early Arthurian tale that dates back to the 12th century and whose author is unknown. Whether written/inspired by Geoffrey or not, this author told the Welsh tale of how Rhonabwy saw in a prophetic dream the red and white dragon in heated battle. In many newer tales, Merlin is the one who has this vision, telling King Uther of the red dragon's victory over the white, representing Camelot's victory over their enemy. Henceforth, the red dragon becomes the symbol of Camelot, accompanying the name, Pendragon ("head dragon"). This is thought by some to be the reason why the red dragon is the symbol on the Welsh flag today!
There are so many other Welsh ties to Arthurian legend. And their locations make excellent travel destinations! I had the honor of visiting south Wales with my dad a few years ago and it was easily one of the most magical experiences of my life. You can feel how old and mythical the land is. It's in the air; in the quiet hush of the village at dusk, in the fields of summery bluebells. It's in the dark stone of old pubs, the smell of strange flowers and the taste of fresh salmon. There's something magical about traveling past endless fields of sheep and castle ruins. And there's an inescapable presence of something legendary that hangs in the air, like a rainy mist.
Let's take a look at a few locations in the south (we'll cover the north next time), so that when next you go exploring, you can check off some of these beautiful sites!
Caerleon
Caerleon Roman Amphitheater. Photo credit: Unknown/Internet
Caerleon is mentioned several times in older texts, as a town where Arthur often held court. Some even say that Caerleon was Camelot and that this was where the Round Table was kept. If Arthur was an actual historical figure, this is a maaajor possibility because of the ruins of its Iron Age hill fort, and the Roman amphitheater that's now part of the National Roman Legion Museum. As far as the Round Table goes, many claim that it wasn't actually a "table", at all. Rather, it was Caerleon's Roman amphitheater, used for holding larger council meetings. It's perfect when you think about it: lots of space for everyone at court, a speaking place in the round (where there is no head and everyone is equal), good acoustics for giving speeches, instructions and reports, good visuals, and it's outside where Arthur might feel closer to God, or gods.
The fort and amphitheater even have Roman baths nearby (which might still be available for tours today!) If we're thinking in the style of the Romans, the king's royal bathhouse would be close by to his public place of business (AKA the Round Table/ampitheatre). So it makes perfect sense. Also, Arthur's rule was not long after the Romans left Britain– and in many versions, he's Romano-British, himself– so he would have made great use of Caerleon.
Hanbury Arms Alehouse, beside ruins of Roman watchtower, Caerleon. Photo credit: Unknown/Internet
Hanbury Arms Inn
Also in Caerleon is what could very well be the remains of a "real" Camelot! Nestled in the heart of the town, right alongside the Hanbury Arms Inn, is what remains of a castle– a few feet of a Roman watchtower. Although it's believed that the castle was added to by Normans in 1085 and attacked by the Welsh in 1217, the castle is still thought by some to be a Romano-British castle from before the 10th century. Geoffrey of Monmouth, himself, said Caerleon Castle was one of Arthur's and even grew to rival Camelot! Nearby is also a site of one of Arthur's twelve great battles. And the Hanbury Arms is also where Alfred, Lord Tennyson often came to write poetry and his Idylls of the King, which includes a good chunk of classic Arthurian literature. An Arthurian hotspot, for sure!
Those who visit Caerleon for its Arthurian roots tend to visit the Roman Legion Museum, including the amphitheater. But when I go one day, I'm taking a lunch break at the Hanbury Arms…it's the closest thing Caerleon has to where Arthur may have lived!
Chepstow Castle
Front of Chepstow Castle, Monmouthshire. Photo credit: Self
Chepstow is a beautiful, quaint little village. But its castle is nothing short of gigantic. Chepstow Castle is thought to be the resting place for Arthur and his Round Table pals. Some tales say that it was one of his home castles. Others say that after the battle of Camlann, while Excalibur was thrown into the Lake of Avalon, Arthur and his knights were brought to Chepstow to be buried…but they're not dead. Only sleeping. And one day, when the land's need is greatest, Arthur will rise again. ❤
Until that day, it's believed by some that he and his men rest beneath the castle, in the caverns below, just above the water of the River Wye. One staff member even claimed to have seen Arthur's ghost once, along with the ghosts of his knights while he was on night parol. He fled the castle and never returned, warning people never to visit there after dark. I, personally, would be overjoyed and honored to witness King Arthur's ghost!? But to each their own, I guess. (I also would like to add that I literally had a dream that Arthur's ghost came to walk with me around Monmouthshire and told me that Monmouth Castle was the real Camelot. But he also said that the place where he held all the lavish parties– the place that best matches our idea of Camelot– is Chepstow Castle. So. Just throwing that out there.)
My dad and I loved our time there. It's absolutely massive for a ruins and the energy there feels…large, if that makes sense. "Large" as in larger than life, full of vibrance. It still echoes of a giant court, large dinner parties, secrets never told that remain within the walls, stories and lives and vicious battles that whisper their truths in the chilly breeze blowing in the open corridors. While I felt very at peace there, I wouldn't be surprised if some spirit still remains there of a great king and his knights, who did much for Wales and the land of Britain. Definitely a must if you're visiting Monmouthshire.
Chepstow Castle's caverns on the River Wye. Photo credit: Unknown/Internet
Dinas Powys Castle
Dinas Powys Castle Ruins entrance, Vale of Glamorgan. Photo credit: Olympus Digital Camera
Almost all the way to the southernmost part of Wales, Dinas Powys Castle lies at the eastern end of the Vale of Glamorgan. This ruins was a castle that had been conquered by many and was originally a home for the Norman de Somery family in the 1100s. But some believe that before then, it was originally a castle of King Arthur's that was destroyed by invaders in the Dark Ages. (I feel like every castle in Wales claims theirs to be one of Arthur's castles. On every Welsh castle's website, it lists the history and then below it: "Birthplace of King Arthur!" or "Home of King Arthur!" But also, like…who's to say it's not true? Who's to say each one of them wasn't a place some historical Arthur-figure has been? He was the High King, it's very possible he touched base at every one of these locations! Anyway, I digress.) Today, you can check out Dinas Powys for free, so long as you don't mind the thorn bushes and overgrowth. 🙂
Wyndcliff Woods
Bluebell fields in Wyndcliff Woods, Chepstow. Photo credit: Self
This one isn't high on most people's radar but I went with my dad and it did not disappoint. It's thought by some to have a connection to Sir Percival and/or Merlin. Merlin has an association with the River Severn, which is right downhill (the river separating Wales from England). It's also thought to have been The Waste Forest; the forest in which Percival was raised by his mother and kept sheltered from civilization. (Which is funny because only a twenty-minute walk away is Tintern, which in medieval times, was a busy village and home to a fully functioning and very popular Tintern Abbey.) Some modern Arthurian stories also place Percival's forest here– including one of my favorite stories, the Pendragon's Heir series by Suzannah Rowntree. In The Door to Camelot, Percival even hides out in Tintern Abbey after running away from home, before going to Camelot. In that case, Percy's first introduction to civilization was through Tintern Abbey, which makes sense given his Christian heart and pure soul. (I guess you could make Tintern Abbey an Arthurian location, too!) But even after all his wild quests, a part of himself always stayed in the forest. In my Percival-based novel, I, too, placed his home here in the Wyndcliff Woods. It just made so much sense for him to look out across the River Severn at England; at Camelot's towers just beyond the horizon, as he dreams of a life of knighthood.
Going there with my dad and actually stepping foot in the place was a truly magical experience. The forest feels as ancient as it does mystical. It was so quiet, filled only with the sounds of birdsong and cold, early-spring wind shivering through the pine trees. I felt like an intruder. We were so pleased to hike there. It's so easy to imagine a young Percival there, climbing the forest's steep paths, sitting in silence with the ancient stones and tree stumps, hunting for food…bombarding passing travelers with questions about the world. But who can blame him? If I had a cottage here, I'd probably have a hard time leaving, too.
Hiking path in Wyndcliffe Woods. Photo credit: Self
Anyway, the Wyndcliff Woods is now officially an Outstanding Area of Natural Beauty and is a popular place for hikers. It has a beautiful viewpoint called the "Eagle's Nest", for hikers to stop and look out at the view of the two rivers below; the River Wye and the River Severn just beyond. As an Arthurianist who enjoys the Welsh tradition, I've decided to call this little area of south Wales "Percival's Perch". Because I'm that person. And yes, that's me in the picture below, standing at the Eagle's Nest, drunk on my happiness.
Eagle's Nest Viewpoint. Photo credit: my dad
St. Govan's Chapel
St. Govan's Chapel, Pembrokeshire. Photo credit: David Skinner
Last but not least, this little chapel is nestled in the rocks, near the cliffside caves of Pembrokeshire. It's named after St. Govan the Hermit, who secluded himself in this chapel for shelter from pirates– and in some stories, from a long, merciless winter– saving his own life in doing so. But many believe the name "Govan" to be derived from "Gawain". And after all, in some versions of Arthuriana, Gawain becomes a hermit after Camelot falls and lives out the rest of his life among the wilderness and the fae. So this little chapel could very well be Gawain's. If we know one thing about Gawain, we know his association with chapels, especially during his Green Knight quest. We also know, of course, that the Green Chapel was a mossy cavern and not at all an actual chapel. But he certainly did spend a good deal of time in real chapels throughout his quest, taking respite from the cold and praying to the Virgin Mary, who lay painted faithfully in his shield. If this isn't the chapel he called home later in life, it could certainly be one in which he sheltered himself from that harsh blizzard during his fateful quest.
I like to think he would have liked it there. It's on the cliffside right by the water. And as someone raised in the Orkney Islands, he probably would have felt a little closer to home in a place where he could smell the saltwater on the crisp, sea wind and watch the sun glint on the waves. Today, you can visit there in person, so long as you don't mind the steep climb!
These are just a few of the Welsh wonders that hold Arthurian myth and legend within their walls and branches. Here's to Cymru and all the legend-filled treasures she holds within her beautiful land!
Published by arthuriananerd
Arthurian enthusiast, podcaster of "Of Swords and Magic". Writer, actor, tea-fanatic, kitchen witch. Instagram: @ofswordsandmagic.podcast or @lj_bertini View more posts
St. Patrick's Day Drinks: Arthurian Edition
Of Swords and Magic, Blog at WordPress.com.


text:
Laura Skudder
About Art News
Keep up with the latest The Other Art Fair happenings from London, Bristol, Sydney and Mebourne to New York and Los Angeles. You can browse 'Fair News' for the latest on upcoming exhibitions, 'Art Insider' for behind the scenes scoops, or 'Artist Studio' and '#TOAFtakeover' for more information on your favorite fair artists.
Brooklyn: Frames And Stretchers & Art Delivery Van's 5 Unmissable Artists
November 05, 2018Posted by Laura Skudder
The Other Art Fair Brooklyn returns from November 8 – 11 at the Brooklyn Expo Center for its fourth edition! Leading up to the fair, we asked Frames and Stretchers and Art Delivery Van to pick 5 artists they are most excited to see.
Frames and stretchers and Art Delivery van are planning to elevate the experience of The Other Art Fair Brooklyn visitors. For the first time, they will be providing "one-stop shop" expert packaging, white glove delivery, and museum quality framing for your art fair finds!
Frames and Stretchers opened their first shop with one plan: make quality custom frames and stretchers with the same amount of care and soul that artists put into their pieces themselves. Whether you're a casual collector, a passionate painter, a distinguished gallery, or looking for a unique gift, the Frames and Stretchers team will give your project plenty of love and years of expertise. From the blank canvas, shadow box, floater frame, hand-carved, gilded, hand painted or steel frame, all the way to installation via Art Delivery Van, their team's touches will bring your pieces to the next level. They are Specialists in oversized museum quality stretcher bars, on-site stretching, and complex art installations. Visit them in person on the LES or in Brooklyn!
Dennis Osadebe
Dennis Osadebe is a Nigerian mixed-media artist best known for his vibrant post-pop style. Osadebe's style is a unique blend of digital processes which he uses to create canvases that are subsequently layered with acrylic paint. With his characteristic use of flattened planes and bold colours, the artist creates what he refers to as a "NEO" visual style, one that is "modern, bright, expressive and provocative"
Margaret Ann Withers
Margaret Ann Withers' paintings depict the emotional landscape of my childhood as she remembers it-a blur of color and movement flashing by the static iconography of her past- of tiny company houses where the roughnecks lived and old-style telephone poles. The tiny homes in my paintings have a simplicity that obscures the complex and uniquely personal relationship that each viewer has to an idea of home and the telephone poles are a universal and quickly fading icon of communication that denote emotional connection, formality, privacy, disconnection and alienation.
Vicky Barranguet
Vicky Barranguet's work moves in different directions, approaching a variety of situations and dynamics. Embodied by an empirical investigation of the pictorial structure, where processes departing from spontaneous gestures evolve into elaborate and complex systems where improvisation, organization of form and space, and attention to detail are at its core. There is a consistency throughout the years within her work diversity, perceived and recognized by others as Barranguet's signature.
Ruth Mora
Ruth Mora is a registered architect and artist, In addition to her MArch degree, Ruth is an MFA graduate from Pratt Institute in 'New Forms' concentration (non-traditional forms of art). She keeps very active in both, architectural and artistic realm, working in erasing the line between the two. She co-founded of SUMO Project, a multidisciplinary studio, with Gaston Soucy. The Studio conceptual artworks, drawings, installations and films are about the perception of the space and the basics of human adaptive condition. The practice aims to explore the idea of 'adaptation', to spatial or social structures, and the nature of these interactions in a search for new methods of understanding how humans influence their environment.
Maggie Tookmanian
Maggie Tookmanian is a fashion designer, currently residing in New York City, was born and raised in NewJersey. As a young artist she gathered inspiration from everything and everyone that surrounded her. As she started developing her own personal style she found herself in a conceptual, industrial and art inspired world, which is the aesthetic that still forms the foundation of her designs today.
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More Artwork from Frames and Stretchers and Art Delivery Van's Must See Artists
Oops! 3210
Dennis Osadebe View artwork
the Bunny knows your pain 3970
Margaret Ann Withers View artwork
Magic Dialogue 10100
VIcky Barranguet View artwork
Umbra 755
Ruth Mora View artwork
The Consultant II 610
Agog! 610
Dennis Osadebeb View artwork
Pratt From Above 310
she fell into his world's backspin 5995
Metropolitan Blue 5370


In India, we have LUG for many place/institutes. culture is almost same. One thing I am not happy is we all repeat same thing again and again. For example If somebody is facing a problem in Ubuntu and he ask in his local user group and try to solve the problem. Or If there is a some generic purpose email then we try to forward in every daam possible mailing lists. If their is a generic email then post on FOSSCOMM mailing list or if there is a discussion for meeting/workshop then post on local user group. Also, why post job email to every daam possible mailing list where fossjobs.in is or fossyellopages (by LFY) is doing good job.
We must setup interest based learning group. for example , a Indian HTML5 user group , Ubuntu India or Fedora India.. We must setup Interest based mailing list like Drupal User group, Arduino user group india, PhpLovergroup India, So that we can see focused and common interest based people thus meetups and thus workshop/seminar like Delhi Drupal meetup 1,2,... etc.
PHP Programmer group on facebook , or just Programmers etc... Select whatever medium you want like twitter or orkut or mailing list..
mailing list might be heavy for this purpose.. I am talking about small but dedicated teams... If team is big like "Drupal user group" then mailing is Ok.
The purpose of GCI (Group for common Interest) is to create a small platform - says 3-4 but dedicated people who are want to learn or want expertness in a given area and actively participate. More or less I am talking about Small or medium sized activity based interest groups..


Ashley is a successful blogger who likes to bake cakes publishes how to guides on how she made the most wonderful creative cakes on I'm Topsy Turvy. Last year she attended my SEO Workshop at EVO, and apparently grew her traffic significantly after the 3.5 hours marathon sit. I would like to claim any credits for this, however, if you look through the different cakes she has made, and the how to guides, it was bound to happen!
My name is Ashlee and I'm a stay at home mom to 5 wonderful children! I've moved 33 times in my life, lived in 7 states and even Japan! Growing up I was into Theater, singing and dancing. My dad was pretty ahead of the game and we got a PC for our house when I was 14, and I've loved computers ever since!
I started out as a food blogger, recipes and my cakes, then I started a craft, DIY blog and then I merged them together! In addition to the food, cakes, parties, crafts and DIY I also throw in some personal posts every once in a while, usually about my kids but sometimes about being a mom to children on the autistic spectrum!
In 2007 my husband graduated with an MBA and we had our 4th child the same week. A few weeks later we moved to Houston TX, away from all family and friends, and then my husband left me for 3 months training in India! 4 kids, new town, brand new baby, no husband… I was lonely, bored and crazy busy. a friend suggested I start a blog to update my husband on the kids while he was gone, as well as connect with my family and friends all over the world! So I started a PRIVATE family blog, and at the same time I started a food blog, July 11th, 2007! In January of 2010 I started my craft blog and after my first conference in June of 2010 I merged the craft and food blogs, renamed/branded them and the rest is history!
Since I blog about so much my inspiration comes from all over! I get on kicks, sometimes I'm all cakes for weeks, then all knitting patterns, or all about the kids (summer). I love getting from my kids, family, friends, pinterest (I'm an addict), fellow bloggers, my sisters, mom and friends! I'm very visual so sometimes I'll get inspired in the check out line at the grocery store, or from a picture at the dentist office, I try to take pictures with my phone when I see something I want to remember later, or pin it if I see something online!
The post about a Lego Star Wars Birthday Party.
Since so much of my blogging is visual, tutorial based, or just plain showing off my cakes I don't feel like I'm really a writer, in fact I'm actually very insecure about my writing. Once someone told me that I apologize too much- which I followed up with by apologizing! Someone else once told me that when they meet me in real life I sounded JUST like I did when I write, which was the best compliment I could receive!
That said my favorite posts are my party posts, the parties I throw for my kids (myself, friends) include all the things I'm passionate about, cakes, food, crafts, etc… They not only take the most work, but are so much fun to present and share! the labels I created for this party are my most requested, so much in fact that I added them as a free download on my facebook page!
What did you learn from these successes?
While people love looking at my amazing, difficult, time consuming cakes they really love the easy ones they know they can do themselves!
Also of course my more successful posts are all within the last year, having the correct SEO, knowing how to name my images and put out the best possible post has helped as well. I have older posts that are also simple, and pin-able and should have done better than they did, My plan is to go back and fix those up, I do a few every few months and it makes a huge difference! the few I've "fixed" have not only done better, but helped my overall blog numbers too!
What did you learn from these posts?
I learned to create one well done table, and started saving up for my nice DSLR. my industry is an image driven one, so good pictures are huge, I learned to use my camera better, set up tables better, got photoshop and at the same time didn't create quite so much. More content didn't/doesn't help! one simple project is often better recieved, so I now break up my party posts, the invitation, a recipe from the party, a craft from the party, the cake and then a wrap up with everything, it seems to help a lot, smaller more posts, less overwhelming I think!
On top of simply the content the posts I've learned so much about SEO last year (thank you Dennis) that I've actually taken some of those older posts, like this one, that hadn't done well when I thought they should and renamed the images, used the SEO tips and tricks and some other quick fixes (the layout, and order of the pictures/writing) and even though it was over 2 years old it's gained momentum and done MUCH better!
Because I've been blogging for 5 years I constantly learn from other bloggers. some I aspire to learn from, and some i learned what not to do from! it's still such a new industry I think we're all learning from each other! I like being in the middle, bigger than the beginners and smaller than the titans, it's a good place to be!
My cookies were featured in Vogue Mexico. They found me via google images.
I'm now working on doing a show with an online craft tv show network! Hopefully in the fall!
Craft blogs have weekly link parties, so I link up and they pick favorite posts to features, also I've meet both bloggers in real life and are now friends, so they've both had me do guest posts as well!
I meet the TV channel through a KSL blogger facebook group!
I USED to guest post all the time, but I was losing out on my content, they were getting credit for my stuff, now i'm only willing to guest post for blogs big enough to be worth it, in fact last year the two blogs that were my biggest referrers were also the only two I guest posted for again this year, I'm still willing to link up, and even to a guest post about myself, or with teasers, but not full tutorials.
You learn something from everything you try! I've learned I LOVE the camera, and want to do more TV! I learned to say yes to as much as I can, you never know where it will lead down the road! Be brave, be yourself and HAVE FUN!
Lose weight? it's hard seeing yourself on camera!
For my blog the same thing I said above, I quit giving my content away, and I wish I hadn't done so much of sharing my content before! I protect my images with better water marks.
The biggest changes I've made over the last year is better pictures, naming my images better and being more aware of my SEO and google analytic's. I'm slowly going through old posts and "fixing" my mistakes, and slowly but surely those older posts are doing better, and helping my overall blog!


We had the chance to sit down and talk to John from Better Movement Clinic. He gave some great insight into some of the highs and lows of being an entrepreneur and what it's like running a Rural Clinic.
Was having your own business always a dream for you? Did you always want to work for yourself?
I haven't always wanted to run a business. I started thinking about running an Exercise Physiology clinic once I started university. I went into a dual degree with business and thought I should put my knowledge to the test rather than in a security blanket of someone else's business.
How hard was it get your business up and running?
To get started, no it wasn't, finding a couple of GP clinics and networking to find a space to work from wasn't difficult for me. To grow the business, was the hard part. I started in the clinic one day a week in a separate town to where I was working for someone else. I then went to two days a week and then took the plunge and my sole income was the clinic.
If you had a list of what the hardest parts of starting a business were, what would it include?
CASH FLOW. At the beginning, I made multiple mistakes that I should have known better. Stretching myself too thin in multiple centres was not a good move. I had capital to start with but that quickly runs out if you are pumping it into the fuel tank.
Knowing what your unique selling point is at the beginning and not straying from it. My brain thinks of a new idea and a new plan and dives into it. This unfortunately takes you away from what you thought of first (which is often what you love doing the most).
What drove you to overcome the challenges of starting your own business?
pushes me to drive the business forward.
What parts of the whole process excited you?
What excites me the most is not the process but where we are going. Seeing what my team and I are striving towards excites me. What Better Movement Clinic strives for is equality in health care, no matter the geographic location. Our plan will be tough (as all things are in rural towns) but can be achieved.
Now that you have been up and running for a couple of years what have been the highlights?
Highlights would be the start of the Dalby clinic, it was to be an outreach, one day a week clinic, but has grown past its expectations and we are out there four days a week.
Another highlight is bringing other team members into the clinic. They bring skills and experiences that I don't have and bring a breadth and depth to Better Movement Clinic.
Have there been any lows?
Ironically, bringing on new team members; if you don't cover all bases, it can hurt. We didn't come through with contracts that were expected at the time, and this hurt the cash flow and the immediate case load of the new team member.
If you had to go back and change something what would it be?
Slow down and plan. I wanted the end result so bad but didn't set in place a plan to get there. Thinking of ideas on the fly and driving all over the country side didn't help. Plan, plan, plan. As soon as I started planning everything, I reached one year goals within three months.
What would you class as the biggest challenge in starting your business?
The biggest challenge is keeping on top of finances, making sure those large companies are paying on time so that I can plan to grow the business and pay the bills.
In terms of marketing – did you know what you needed to do? Or what did you find the most difficult aspect of marketing your own business?
I had little to no marketing at the start. I had little to no idea where to start either. I was running a poor attempt at a blog and riding the coat tails of my reputation. There was a time during the growth of the business that my reputation was not always going to work. I didn't yet have the grasp of developing raving fans and marketing, not at a demographic but at a specific target, I was floundering, throwing pins at a board and just hoping they would stick. The most difficult part for me was developing a strong marketing plan to back up my unique selling point. Nowadays, each social media post, including those off handed comedic release posts are in line with end goal of the vision and mission of Better Movement.
As a rural operator, what do you think are the unique challenges you face?
Where do I start… Time – travel time between centres isn't covered by funding, which hurts the bank balance and hurts the team members that are driving those kilometres to service the town. We have a geographic reach but the opportunities which we are asked to cover are so vast that sometimes, we are not able to fulfill all opportunities. This breaks my heart that services aren't reaching these communities due to time and cost. In the future, Better Movement will find a way to resolve this issue.
Availability of referral pathways – once you go west not every town that you visit has a permanent GP or even a medical visiting service. This continuous change with locum GPs does hurt the continual referral pathways.
We have seen a slow improvement with the inclusion of nurse practitioners, but it still is not enough for these rural towns. Better Movement and other rural Allied Health providers have had to come up with innovative ways and marketing procedures to maintain the continuation of care and maintain referral pathways.
Literacy is another major problem: education levels and socio-economic status is poor. We have developed initiatives for putting our faces on everything. This enables the clients and the community to associate the intervention/ program to a face. This helps with marketing and promotion as I am now "that exercise guy" in multiple small (blink and you'll miss it) towns throughout Queensland.
If you had any advice for AEPs out there trying to grow their own business, what would it be?
Know what you want, sit down and plan how you are going to get there, and decide what your unique selling point / niche is early on. Also to know your numbers, you can't expect the unexpected if you can't see where you are flying.
Are you excited for the future? What's next for Better Movement?
Better Movement is super excited for the future. We have just added Dry Needling services, which is going gang busters.
We will have some more exciting things planned for the future. We hopefully have more services joining the team in the new financial year, however we are waiting for signatures and contracts before we jump for joy on this.


text:
Q: How do I connect to an Oracle DB or an Inormix DB through Database Explorer/Server Explorer in visual studio 2010? I am new so please go easy!
I am using visual studio 2010 express. I use the wizard to add a dataset and my only options are:

*

*Microsoft Access DB file

*Microsoft SQL server compact

*Microsoft SQL server db file

I have a few different types of databases set up on my system that I typically query from:

*

*informix odbc

*oracle

*postgre

I am at a loss as to how to get visual studio to recognize these data source types... any help is greatly appreciated


text:
Home Top News of the Day Legal Eye News Not Lovin' It
Legal Eye News
Not Lovin' It
Above: Over 10,000 people stand to lose their jobs if McDonald's outlets continue to shut down. Photo: Facebook/McDonaldsIndia
McDonald's and its Indian partner, CPRL, have been locked in a legal battle for four years and attempts to come to a truce have failed at a recent hearing of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
~By Ramesh Menon
Hungry kya? If you are one of those dreaming of succulent burgers dripping with melted cheese, crispy fish fillets or crunchy fries, there is some unappetising news. As many as 43 of McDonald's outlets downed their shutters in June and more could follow.
A four-year legal tussle between Vikram Bakshi, the managing director of Connaught Plaza Restaurants Ltd., (CPRL), which is in a 50:50 joint venture (JV) with McDonald's India Pvt. Ltd (MIPL), the local arm of the US fast food giant, is threatening to shut down 169 of its restaurants. Over 10,000 may be rendered jobless. At a hearing on August 30, MIPL told the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) that it does not want an out-of-court settlement with Bakshi.
Earlier, the Tribunal had asked both parties to settle their disputes so that the food outlets could be operational. Hong Kong-based Barry Sum, Director, Asia Foundational Markets, McDonald's Corp., told India Legal: "We have informed NCLAT that we wish to proceed with the appeal. NCLAT has scheduled the next hearing on September 21 for us to present the arguments of the appeal. We also informed NCLAT that it has come to our understanding that Vikram Bakshi has recently caused CPRL to make some unauthorised payments to himself."
TERMINATED AGREEMENT
SJ Mukhopadhaya, chairperson of NCLAT, which is hearing the two separate appeals, remarked that there does not seem to be a chance of any amicable settlement. Bakshi is now saying that he hopes for a fair evaluation as he holds half of the stake.
The corporate spat resulted in competitor Domino's to race ahead of McDonald's. Photo: dominos.co.in
CPRL had a license from McDonald's to run restaurants in east and north India for 20 years, but the JV has run into trouble. In the last week of August, 2017, McDonald's terminated its franchise agreement with CPRL. This means that CPRL will no more be able to use McDonald's names, food recipes, trademarks, branding, designs or its operational and marketing strategies.
According to Ron Christianson, the global head at McDonald's Corp., the termination took place as CPRL had violated agreements and not paid royalty for two years. This means that it will have to shut the 169 outlets that it runs. However, McDonald's operations in west and south India will not be hampered as it is managed by Westlife Development Ltd., another franchisee.
Bakshi took his case to the Company Law Board in India, while McDonald's has been involved in arbitration in the London Court of International Arbitration. The verdict is expected sometime this year. In mid-July 2017, the National Company Law Tribunal ruled that the August 2013 proceedings by the Board of Directors of CPRL where it had ousted Bakshi was illegal and reinstated him. The Tribunal also appointed retired Justice GS Sanghvi of the Supreme Court to try and break the deadlock. Bakshi said he is vindicated and McDonald's said it is contemplating other legal options.
In August 2017, McDonald's shot off a notice to CPRL cancelling its franchise agreement for allegedly breaching the contract. As the license was for 20 years, Bakshi is likely to challenge the termination notice. CPRL did not respond to queries by India Legal.
HYGIENE ISSUE
Due to the tussle between Bakshi and McDonald's, CPRL shut down 43 restaurants in June 2017 as it did not get the mandatory regulatory health licenses. Among the four directors of CPRL, two are foreigners. The other two are Bakshi and his wife, Madhurima. Bakshi wrote to the two foreign directors that he was not contemplating renewal as there were serious issues of unsafe food with some of the outlets. The two foreign directors washed their hands off the responsibility of day to day operations that would examine hygiene and quality. Bakshi's stand was that he could not be held responsible as he had been removed as the managing director.
The ugly corporate spat has hit the growth of McDonald's, allowing competitor Domino's which was far behind five years ago, to race ahead. In 2011, McDonald's notched up sales of Rs 1,143 crore. After the JV showed cracks, Domino's has surged ahead with annual sales of Rs 2,502 crore. With a huge population, India is a captive market for fast food which is estimated to be about $1.5 billion and has the potential to annually grow by about 15 percent.
Newspapers in the US say that McDonald's is looking for a new partner in north and east India. Bakshi suspects that the US food major is planning to give it to an operator who presently runs its outlets in south India. Even if there is peace, which at the moment seems highly unlikely, it is going to be difficult for McDonald's to regain its position in north and east India. And it will not be easy for consumers to forget that there were numerous instances of foreign objects being found in its fast food items in the last few years. This included worms and even a fried lizard!
Today, the consumer has many other fast food options. Only a marketing miracle can bring the Big Mac back to the Indian palate and get people to say: "I'm Lovin' it."
National Company Law Appellate Tribunal
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Saint Laurent acetate optical glasses.
Non-optical, clear lenses; can be fitted with prescription lenses.
Proposition 65 WARNING: Eyeglasses contain bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
For in-store inquiries, use sku #2347823.


text:
Die Rob Roy war das erste Dampfschiff, das erfolgreich über das offene Meer verkehrte. Das Schiff wurde nach dem schottischen Volkshelden Robert Roy MacGregor benannt.

Geschichte
Der Raddampfer wurde von William Denny aus Dumbarton gebaut und von David Napier mit einer 30 PS starken Seitenbalancier-Dampfmaschine ausgerüstet. Am Morgen des 13. Juni 1818 verließ die Rob Roy den Hafen von Greenock, fuhr über Campbeltown und erreichte am Abend des 14. Juni 1818 Belfast. Diese Route bediente sie nun zweimal wöchentlich bei jedem Wetter, auch bei Witterungen, bei denen Segelschiffe im Hafen blieben. Später verkehrte das Schiff auf der Route zwischen Greenock und Dublin. Im Winter 1818/9 wurde das Dampfschiff überholt und mit getrennten Zimmern für Frauen und Männer mit Betten ausgestattet. Von 1818 bis 1821 war David Tod Chefingenieur der Rob Roy.

Im Mai 1821 wurde das Schiff nach Dover überführt und erreichte am Sonntag, den 10. Juni 1821 den neuen Heimathafen. Am 15. Juni 1821 überquerte die Rob Roy zum ersten Mal den Ärmelkanal und erreichte Calais. Anfangs hatte man nur wenig Passagiere und auch die Post vertraute man lieber den herkömmlichen Segelschiffen an. Doch bald erkannte man die Vorzüge des Dampfschiffs, das wetterunabhängig reiste und nur 2 Stunden und 45 Minuten für die Überfahrt benötigte, was sich in den Passagierzahlen und dem Frachtaufkommen niederschlug. Im August 1821 begegnete die Roy Rob auf dem Weg nach Calais den entgegenkommenden Segelschiffen Lord Duncan und Prince Leopold. Sie löschte in Calais ihre Waren, nahm neue Passagiere auf und überholte auf dem Rückweg die beiden Schiffe.

Der erfolgreiche Einsatz der Roy Rob führte dazu, dass man in kürzester Zeit auf vielen Routen die herkömmlichen Paketschiffe durch Dampfschiffe ersetzte. Für die Verbindung zwischen Dover und Calais wurde im Oktober 1821 zusätzlich das Dampfschiff Dasher und im Januar 1822 die Arrow eingesetzt. Frankreich hatte Interesse, die Rob Roy zu erwerben, ein englisches Exportverbot für Maschinen hinderte jedoch die Besitzer des Schiffes am Verkauf. Französische Zollbeamten fanden jedoch Schmuggelware an Bord des Schiffes und beschlagnahmten es. Es wurde vermutet, dass es sich hierbei nur um einen Trick, der mit den Schiffseignern abgesprochen war, handelte, um das Exportverbot zu umgehen. Das Schiff wurde in Henry IV. umbenannt, verkehrte ab 1823 weiterhin zwischen Calais und Dover und war das erste seetaugliche Dampfschiff Frankreichs.

Weblinks
 Channel (Ärmelkanal) bei ships-worldwide.com
 Rob Roy bei gracesguide.co.uk
 David Tod bei gregormacgregor.com
 Early Cross Channel Steamers bei dover-kent.co.uk

Fußnoten

Frachtschiff (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Frachtschiff (Frankreich)
Radschiff
Dampfmaschinenschiff
William Denny and Brothers


Just set this thermometer in your oven and leave it there. You can find out the temperature with a quick glance. The wide base and hook allow you to place this out of the way so you have plenty of room for baking and braising.


In addition to vinyl siding and remodeling, our crews are also experienced in installing roofing, decking, railings, and exterior doors. Our team of professionals are ready to tackle any improvement project you have in mind for your home or business.
When you choose Exterior Recovery Inc, you are choosing a personalized experience and better customer service. Our goal is to provide a one-on-one experience from the first meeting when we discuss your plans, through the work process, and every step in between. We offer all the same services as our larger competitors but do it on a smaller scale providing the individual service you deserve.
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text: - Initial release with twemoji.js v1.2.1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Advanced training of Naturopathic Doctors in Oncology is supported through the OncANP. Successfully board-certified members are awarded the status of Fellow by the American Board of Naturopathic Oncology (FABNO). These Fellows meet the highest standard of the profession.


text:
Aulacostroma — рід грибів родини Parmulariaceae. Назва вперше опублікована 1914 року.

Класифікація
До роду Aulacostroma відносять 8 видів:
 Aulacostroma magnesii
 Aulacostroma nigrificans
 Aulacostroma osmanthi
 Aulacostroma palawanense
 Aulacostroma pandani
 Aulacostroma pandani
 Aulacostroma parvisporum
 Aulacostroma pithyusae

Примітки

Джерела
 Sydow, H.; Sydow, P. 1914. Fungi from northern Palawan. Philippine Journal of Science Section C Botany. 9(2):157-189 - P.176

Роди грибів


So please be gentle when you read this one as it is my first attempt at writing any kind of verse! Just felt the need to get my feelings down in print!
I'm sure there's been a mistake.
He never got to wake.
Just starting on his way!
In each and every day.
You called my precious boy!
And choose to let him live.
He should not be gone just yet.
Was it me? Did I do wrong?
I didn't get to try too long.
Please Lord, maybe just one more chance?
When he should be at home.
Can we just go back in time a bit?
And those angels can go home alone.
I lost my child last month.
I wait to wake up from this dream.
real. I want to scream.
Now people who had came, have gone.
Time has not moved on for me.
This is a great page to go to.
And what she's going through.
For he lost his baby too.
If God had told me, "This soul would one day need extra care and needs,"
If He had told me, "This soul would make you question the depth of your faith,"
If He had told me "This soul may one day make you witness overbearing suffering,"
If He had told me, "All that you know to be normal would drastically change,"
I know it was God who chose me for you."
He may not run or laugh or play.
they are glad they are my shoes and not theirs.
truly understand these shoes you must walk in them.
on, you can never take them off.
There are many pairs in the world.
like me and ache daily as they try and walk in them.
to walk in them so they don't hurt quite as much.
before they think of how much they hurt.
woman deserves to wear these shoes.
who has lost a child.
it had a broken wing.
"How could God do such a thing?"
He said "Listen and you'll see."
and none is like the rest.
and the least is as the best.
those with love to spare.
Sometimes I take them back again.
Sometimes I let them stay.
love is all I ask of you."
This poem was sent to me when Mason died by a very good friend. I don't know who wrote it but it was so fitting!
"I'll lend you for a while a child of mine," He said.
"For you to love the while he lives and mourn for when he's dead.
You'll have his lovely memories as solace for your grief."
And from the throngs that crowd life's lanes I have chosen you.
Nor hate Me when I come to call to take him back again?"
"I fancied that I heard them say, "Dear Lord, Thy will be done!
We'll brave the bitter grief that comes and try to understand!"
Hey everybody,I hope this doesn't reach you too late. I don't want you to worry, Because life up here is great.
I can't wait for you to see the beauty of heaven, But I know it's not your time. I really miss you guys, But I know you'll be just fine.
You know I can see you right, So please stop shedding tears. You guys, I'm perfectly fine, So conquer all your fears.
I'll be watching your every move. Relax! I won't spill your beans. But stop all those naughty things you do, Because you know there's nothing He can't see.
I need you to come here to meet me, But not if you misbehave, So please keep God in your heart, And you'll be safe and saved.
Hey guys I know you miss me. It's really hard not to. But please, please stop grieving, Because you're making me sad too.
You guys have been a great family, And I am truly blessed. You've raised me through my earthly life, Now God will do the rest.
He's really a great person, And an even better friend, So I'm in great hands, And on Him you can also depend.
Oh boy, I'm getting carried away. I want to say so many things, But I really have to go now, Because today I'm getting my wings.
Bye you guys, love you forever and a day!
P.S.: Be good. I'll be watching!!!
My little boy makes no sound.
Mine lies cold in the ground.
My little boy never will.
My little boy lies still.
And just as proud am I.
Tamarack Grief Resource Center offers many support services for the entire family. They provide camp based programs for children and adults to help us through the grieving process. Please go to their website to see details on these wonderful opportunites.


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This_Is_Tomorrow: Matt Trueman…
This_Is_Tomorrow: Matt Trueman Gets to Grips with Maths
Having survived four rigorous days in various departments of the University of Warwick, Matt Trueman spends his final day of the This_Is_Tomorrow residency in the Maths Department, and discovers a safe haven for some of the university's busiest thinkers.
"After yesterday's musings on the importance of reflexivity, Maths starts with a perfect demonstration. Head of department Prof. Colin Sparrow – imagine a dry, jovial Alfred Hitchcock – starts us off with a lecture entitled What Is a Maths Department? In it, he details the currents in which they swim: the financial ins and outs, the institutional politics across the university, the impact of higher education policy and tuition fees and so on, and the cross-departmental research efforts.
"So what is a maths department? It's simultaneously a school, a research institute and a hotel and catering service. It's one of the university's top departments and a profit-making enterprise. (That profit, Sparrow explains with a gag: Maths is cheap because all you need is a pencil, some paper and a waste paper basket. Sociology's cheaper. You only need a pencil and paper.)
"But it's also something else. Care in the Community, as Sparrow jokingly puts it. "Looking after this group of people would be more expensive in any other way," he says. His voices – snail slow and deep – could have been designed for this parched humour and his off-the-cuff gags leave a giddy group of over-tired artists falling about. Sparrow describes part of his role as the troll at the bridge, standing guard at the gates, determinedly not letting the university know what's going on within and, likewise, not letting those within be affected by whatever's outside. A maths department, says Sparrow, is "a world largely of our own creation. We entertain ourselves."
"This is, I think, what stays with us all on a rainy Friday; the space, and this goes beyond its physical make-up, that the maths department has opened up. There is something deeply affecting about its spirit. It feels borderline utopian…"
Read more about This_Is_Tomorrow in the Maths department over on Matt's blog.
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23rd December 2022: White Coat Ceremony, MBBS Batch (2022-2023)
Academic Events / By AVMC
With full commitment and interest, the MBBS students of 2022–2023 donned the white coat and decided to devote their lives to serving the needs of others, in the white coat ceremony organised by the foundation course team and first-year faculty team and held at Smt. Annapoorani Shanmughasundaram mini auditorium, AVMCH campus, on December 23, 2022, between 11:30 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. The programme was started with the welcome address given by Dr S. Ilankathir (Foundation Course Coordinator, AVMC&H). Dean of AVMCH Dr P.F. Kotur delivered his address to the MBBS batch 2022–2023 students. The significance of the white coat ceremony was felicitated by Dr K. Jaysingh (Medical Superintendent, AVMCH), followed by the cloaking of students in the presence of all guests and first-year faculties. Dr Sasmitha Mishra administered the modified Charaka oath (Professor of the Department of Biochemistry), followed by a vote of thanks from Dr M. Gopinath (Professor of the Department of Physiology). The broadcast of the Whitecoat ceremony was made live on the AVMC's official YouTube channel.