The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution provide certain protections guaranteeing life, liberty and property. Those rights cannot be taken away from a person without due process of law. There are two types of due process - procedural due process and substantive due process. Procedural due process requires that certain steps - i.e. a procedure - be followed in order to deprive a person of their life, liberty or property. A September 2015 case from the Northern District of Georgia addressed just that - whether the Georgia garnishment statute provided sufficient procedural protections to permit the taking of a person's property.
Tony Strickland's credit card issuer retained a law firm to sue Strickland to recover an unpaid credit card debt. After a default judgment was entered against Strickland, the law firm filed a garnishment action and attempted to garnish funds in Strickland's JPMorgan Chase savings account. The money in his savings account consisted of workers' compensation benefits. After being served with the garnishment summons, Chase immediately froze Strickland's savings account. Strickland received a letter from the law firm notifying him of the garnishment action. The letter did not inform him that some forms of property were exempt from garnishment or how to claim an exemption. Strickland also received a letter from Chase explaining that it had been served with a writ of garnishment and that his bank account had been frozen. The letter also stated that some forms of income may be protected from garnishment, but did not advise him how to claim an exemption. Instead, Chase told him to contact the judgment creditor's attorney if he believed that the money in his account was exempt. Strickland sued the entities involved in the garnishment proceeding, and the case eventually returned to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia to determine the constitutionality of Georgia's post-judgment garnishment statute.
Strickland argued that Georgia's post-judgment garnishment statute violates constitutional due process requirements because it (1) does not provide judgment debtors with adequate notice that their property may be exempt from garnishment; (2) fails to inform debtors of the procedure to claim such exemptions; and (3) establishes a process that deprives debtors of their exempt property for an unconstitutionally long period of time. The court concluded that due process requires that a judgment debtor receive notice that there are certain exemptions under state and federal law that the debtor may be entitled to claim with respect to the garnished property. Because the Georgia post-judgment garnishment statute requires no such notice to the judgment debtor, the court concluded that it is constitutionally deficient. The court found that, in this case, the letter sent by Chase to Strickland that mentioned possible exemptions did not satisfy the state's duty to provide adequate notice of exemptions.
The court also concluded that due process requires judgment debtors in garnishment actions to be informed of the procedures for claiming an exemption. Because the Georgia statute requires no such notice, the court concluded that it was constitutionally deficient. The court added that there is no publicly available information that explains to a judgment debtor facing garnishment how to claim an exemption or identifies the party to contact to obtain this information. Instead, the debtor is notified only that a creditor has filed or is about to file a garnishment action, the identity of the garnishee, the amount claimed due, and the court issuing the garnishment.
Finally, the court concluded that the Georgia statute violates due process because it does not provide for a prompt and expeditious procedure to resolve a debtor's claim that seized property is exempt from garnishment.
The story does not end with the September 8th judgment. On September 25, 2015, the office of the Attorney General of Georgia filed a motion to alter the Clerk's judgment, leaving open the possibility for a reversed judgment or subsequent appeals. However, until the motion has been heard, it may be wise to avoid seeking writs of garnishment in the state of Georgia.
K. Dailey Wilson is an associate in the Tennessee office of Hudson Cook, LLP. Dailey can be reached at 423-490-7567 or by email at dwilson@hudco.com.


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One of our top sellers for baby's first christmas ornaments.
This adorable little dinosaur ornament will pull on your heart strings.
Please be sure to specify what you'd like written on your ornament in the personalization section. We will not write 1st Christmas on the ornament unless you put that you want it on it as seen in the example directly below.


The BIFM Scotland Region Quiz Night is a fun and knowledgeable evening, and is a great opportunity to catch up with friends and colleagues whilst having some fun too!
This quiz is open to all, so please encourage your friends and colleagues to come along and make up a team with a maximum of 6 people.
Your ticket price of £25+VAT (for a maximum team of 6) includes the Quiz and Food.


Designed by Austin-based firm Un.Box Studio, the Native Hostel, Bar & Kitchen is a boutique hostel, bar, cafe, and event space created for the epicurean traveler and locals alike. It is nestled in an existing 2-story late 1800's stone building and a mid-century brick warehouse right in the middle of the upcoming transit-oriented development adjacent to downtown.
The Native concept is focused around social activity including music, arts, socializing, food, and entertaining. The design team efforts were focused around designing for a 'culture', rather than a 'business', and to encompass a diverse set of activities for a diverse and inclusive audience.
Un.Box Studio utilized a rich palette and textured materials, a theme aptly referred to throughout the design process as 'dark and stormy'. They were trying to balance out more authentic and traditional materials and ideas with modern construction and concepts. The result is a truly unique communal experience that offers affordable rates with impeccable style in Austin.


Plan Ahead - Simplifying your financial life | Add meaning to finances. Add time to life.
The Indian story is pretty simple and straight forward, as you grow you are told to study hard to find a good job. When you finally find that good job you work harder day in and day out trying to keep up with work pressure and your expenses. Then comes in Jack Ma announcing that he plans to retire early and says "I would rather die on a beach than in my office". This one line is enough to reignite the dreams and fantasies to retire early and move to a quaint town away from the hustle and bustle of the big city. If this is your dream then read on to find out how you can retire early.
Rome was not built in a day and Jack Ma didn't become a billionaire overnight. While you don't have to wait to become a billionaire to retire early, you will need to save and create a substantial corpus to be able to take the plunge. This would require dedicated regular savings and beware, sacrifices will have to be made. You will have to try and save as much as possible which would mean spending less on your life style expenses, and trying to live a modest life.
List down all your goals-Just because you are going to retire early doesn't mean you wouldn't want to live a full life and realize you goals which could include travelling, sending kids overseas for higher education, buying your dream home etc. Yes you can achieve these goals and retire early too, but you will need a good plan which will take the cost of funding of these goals into account and adjust it against inflation.
Know your expenses-Most people especially the ones who live in a metro don't know how much they spend on a monthly basis. Knowing your expenses is important for two reasons one it will help you know how big your retirement corpus needs to be and two you might need to cut down some unnecessary expenses to be able to save more. Take your life expectancy into consideration and your expenses till that time to calculate your corpus size.
Set the SIP for the 1stweek of the month- For most people the only investments that happen are either a minimum SIP started some time back or whatever is saved at the end of the month. This way you will never be able to retire, forget retiring early. Your savings and investments have to be planned and in line with the future goals that you have. So invest before you pay your bills. This is also what Robert Kiyosaki the author of "Rich Dad Poor Dad" believes is the secret to getting rich.
Ensure it's not a one sided love story– Giving up a good lifestyle and a free hand on spending can take its toll. It can be very frustrating at times, that's why its very important that your spouse supports this choice a 100% else you might find your self quite often at the receiving end which trust me is neither pleasant nor encouraging. From time to time you might need to remind yourself of your end goal and it should bring you back on track when you start to stray away. I would highly recommend not giving up on things that you love and keep aside some money for some indulgence every now and then if not regularly. Remember Jack Ma will retire at 55, so you will have to give yourself a considerable amount of time to prepare for the big shift.
Secure your self and you family-We can not stress enough on the importance of a sufficiently large personal life and health insurance. Its better to take one now while you are still young, this way the premiums will also be lower.
Albeit retiring early and getting away from the rat race and the pressures of the world, spending your days relaxing in a quaint house on the hills or by the side of a brook sounds so inviting, it can get boring and mundane after a while. Having spent so many years crossing one hurdle after the other throughout your life, doing nothing after a while doesn't feel so enticing; so plan for a small business or some activity that would keep you busy in your free time or else you might find yourself missing and craving what you have left behind.
As the media and dailies flash all the news and noise around the downgrade of debt securities of some of the IL&FS group companies and the 'so called blood bath' on the dalal street triggered by the sale of certain DHFL bonds, the average investor is obviously concerned about their investments. Spooked by these recent events and the volatility of both equity and debt markets investors are now wondering whether to continue their SIPs in mutual funds, buy stocks or just exit and hold cash? So what should you do?
There is no one size fits all solution to this problem. The answer lies in your long and short term objectives and whether you have a detailed drawn out financial plan. Situations like these (market volatility and uncertainty) truly highlight the need of a good weapon – your financial plan- your investment road map. When investors invest without a goal and financial plan in sight they do not know how much to invest, how long they should continue their investments and how close they are to their goals; thus how much volatility their portfolio can withstand.
Let's assume that you have been been saving for the last 8 years for your child's higher education and you have about 3 years left until you need the money. Now irrespective of whether the market is volatile or not, it is imperative that you re-balance your portfolio by moving your money in to conservative debt investments. This strategy should anyways have been a part of the financial plan to protect the corpus from short term market fluctuations and should be used only when you start approaching your goal.
If applied sooner than needed then you may run into the risk of falling short of the target amount. Also remember, getting closer to your goal is not the time to get speculative and increase your aggressive equity exposure.
How to deal with the amygdala hijack (the emotions and the panic)?
Turning conservative in tough market conditions is easy, staying focused on your goals and continuing your investments as you see the market giants come crashing down requires a lot of courage, focus and some science, data and rationale. Investors are believed to be irrational when it comes to dealing with money. When the markets are rallying investors want to be a part of it and they willingly invest. However as soon as they experience turbulence they drop their investments like hot potatoes in fact hurting their investments and networth. Market fluctuations affects a part of your brain called amygdala which induces fear. The fear leads to panic and the sell off frenzy begins.
At this point you have to go back to your financial plan and remind yourself what your goals are and follow your financial plan to avoid any knee jerk reaction. If your next milestone is 8-10 years away then the current volatility does not need you to act and also your portfolio can withstand this short term fluctuations.
How following your financial plan helps?
You avoid taking unnecessary exits thereby saving unnecessary capital gain tax or any exit loads that may be applicable that could further reduce your profits.Money saved is money earned.
You stay invested (example SIPs) through a down cycle of the market , which actually helps you get a better value for your money invested. This over the long term can improve your portfolio returns and catapult corpus generation.
An example to detail this : Sep 2008 is a period set in time; this is when the infamous Lehman brother crisis shook the global financial markets and sent the indices in India and across the world in a massive tailspin. It was a difficult time for investors, however the ones who persevered and continued their Sips reaped the benefits later.
Lets assume you had a plan and understood the corpus that you needed say in 2018 and started a simple SIP in a mutual fund. The chart below shows the trajectory of such an SIP of Rs 10,000 started in Oct 2008 in 3 different categories of funds.
Remember, in volatile times, people lose more money by fearing and holding back their investments and possibly denying themselves good opportunities that may present themselves in the form of a market downturn.
Markets will fluctuate and will be volatile, that is their inherent quality. Navigating these carefully is necessary for investors. A sound financial plan and the guidance of an independent and unbiased financial planner would help. In short, you need to stay on track and to follow your financial plan. This financial plan will be your guide and navigator during volatile markets.
Listen up professionals and start-up owners!
Every individual has a passion and a dream. Many wish to break free from their mundane work life to pursue their passions. However, it can be difficult to break the shackles of comfort and security that a well paying job offers and venture into unchartered territory that your dream might lead you to. For those who manage to do so, we tip our hats to you and offer these words of advice.
Being a business ourselves, we understand the trials and tribulations that a professional or a start-up founder goes through. The fact is that it can take a while before you break even and start drawing an income. Even the revenues generated can be irregular so how do you manage your personal finances and ensure neither your nor your family's dreams are compromised.
Know your expenses– With a job that gives you a fat paycheck your lifestyle expenses are bound to be high. Now with an irregular salary keeping up with the same expenses will get challenging. You and your family should be prepared to adapt to your new financial situation and trim down your expenses wherever possible. It might make sense to set up a SWP (Systematic Withdrawal Plan) that provides the necessary income and help you stick to a budget without going bust.
Keep those SIPS going through the good and the bad days-As the case is with most businesses, the revenues are not steady. There will be times when the business would have done well and the receivables have also come in and then there would be not such great times. With such irregular and unsteady income how do you manage to keep your family's dreams alive. The Key is to invest the surplus in a liquid fund which will then systematically transfer the money on a regular basis in an equity fund. This will ensure that you keep saving and investing towards your future goals unhindered by the ups and downs of your business.
Insurance, your protection shield– The job of a life insurance policy is to not only provide for your family in case of an unforeseen event, it is supposed to also cover your outstanding loans and the financial goals such as kid's higher education, comfortable life for your dependents etc. So ensure you have taken a cover large enough to meet your family's needs. A simple term plan will do the needful.
Health is wealth– With the medical inflation rising at 10-15% annually, the importance of a medical insurance can not be stressed enough. Health is indeed wealth but you don't want to lose your wealth due to any illness or accidents. You might also want to consider taking an accidental and critical illness policy as a safe guard measure along with a regular medical cover.
Contingency fund- This fund should be large enough to cover your 6-8 months expenses. Since you do not have a regular income, it is optimum to consider expenses over a longer period. You could even consider including your SIPs amounts for those many months, this will ensure your goals are right on track and are not hampered by the volatility in your income.
Keep personal and business expenses separate– This is the most important advice as it is very easy for the business expenses to spill over and be paid for from your family kitty. This is especially possible if you use the same credit card for both personal and business use. This can further stress your family budget over time.
With an irregular income it becomes essential to plan and channelize your money to ensure your family is well secured financially and their goals and dreams have wings. You might want to consult a financial planner to see how to fund your family goals if you choose to launch your start-up.


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FoBot the Robot is a program that can help you decide what to eat to meet your nutritional goals. You enter the food you have into the input spreadsheet, you enter your calorie and macro goals, and you decide on which goals you would like most to satisfy. It will then tell you how to meet those goals with the food you specify. FoBot is completely apathetic as to whether the food you input is "healthy" or not, and can even tell you how to meet your goals using only junk food. If you'd like, you can even use it as a way to healthily maximize your junk food consumption.
For now, I'm distributing FoBot as a Windows binary.
The top section is all about the food items you want to include in your virtual pantry. The Servings column is where you enter the number of servings you've already eaten. In this example, I've eaten 3 servings of Greek yogurt, 1 serving of Kashi, etc. The items that you would like the program to use have their servings marked with an x; the program solves for x. There are, of course, columns for the data that can be entered: Calories, Fat, Fiber, Protein, and Carbs. There is also an optional Serving Size column that you can use for convenience. There are also some Optional Parameters, but ignore these for now.
The middle section contains the totals and goals. The row that says Total Consumed is just a spreadsheet sum of the calories and macros you've already eaten. In this example, I've eaten 1530 calories, 33 g of fat, 23 g of fiber, etc. Goal min and Goal max are where you set the goal ranges you are trying to reach. In this example, I want to eat between 1980 and 2020 calories while having at least 52.5 g of fat, 35 g of fiber, and 150 g of protein. Remaining isn't used by the program but is included for convenience; it tells you how much more you have to eat to meet your goals.
The bottom section is all about program configuration. The Constraint priority section is where you tell the program what goals are most important to you. Here, I set the protein minimum and fiber minimum to be the most important, followed by the calorie range, followed by the fat minimum. (The topmost row is the highest priority, and constraints at the same level are given the same priority.) The valid options here are Calorie min/max, Carb min/max, Fat min/max, Fiber min/max, and Protein min/max. Default parameters correspond to the optional parameters mentioned above.
FoBot used the items marked with an x to generate a meal plan for you that met all of your goals; in this case it decided on 1 serving of turkey burgers, 1 serving of sausage, 1.11 servings of cheese, and 1 serving of FiberOne cereal. For items whose serving size is specified, it will also display the corresponding physical quantity.
Once you have a feeling for how the program operates, you can start putting constraints on the serving sizes through the use of the optional parameters. Min and Max are the minimum and maximum number of servings you would like to have (if any). Inc is used when you want the servings to be a whole number of some increment. For example, you wouldn't want to eat a partial Turkey Burger, so Inc is set to 1. Likewise, a serving size for the Sausages are 3 links, and so Inc is set to 1/3.
Tier is used to designate some foods as backup food. The basic idea is that you may not want to eat certain items unless you have to in order to meet your goals. The program will run multiple times, once at each tier, and will exclude any items whose tier value is larger than the current level. Finally, there's Cost. It is often the case that you can meet your goals in many ways, and cost helps you pick one way in particular. When the program is able to meet all of the supplied constraints, it will minimize this net cost; items with a high cost will not be used unless necessary, and things with a low or negative cost will be preferred.
All of the optional parameters can be left blank, it which case they will default to the value in the Default parameters row.
If the program is consistently unable to hit all of your goals, the food you have is unable to meet them. For this reason it is helpful to keep a couple of foods that are high in each macro, e.g. chicken for protein or fiber cereal for fiber. These types of food are the reason I introduced tiers.
If you go over or under your goals for one day, you can make up for them the next day by copying the Remaining line into a fake food item with -1 servings on the following day.
Although you can set the goal minimum to be equal to the goal maximum for a macro, it is not recommended. Making the goal so precise causes FoBot to prefer food without an Increment value.
Cost can be pretty much whatever you want it to be. If you're on a budget it could be an actual cost, in which case you'd enter the price per serving and FoBot would tell you the cheapest way to meet your goals. You could also set the cost based purely on how much you like each item, assigning items you like a large negative number and items you don't like a less negative number.
where Au is the matrix of unmet constraints and Am is the matrix of met constraints.


Le Grand 9, ABLE Charter 1 in Le Grand — Brian Lua scored three goals as the Bulldogs (14-3-2) rolled in the first round of the Sac-Joaquin Section Division VI playoffs.
Modesto Christian 76, Atwater 68 in Atwater — Nia Boston and Cora Grover combined for 10 points in the fourth quarter as the No. 11 seeded Crusaders closed the game with a 14-4 run to upset the No. 6 Falcons at Falcons Arena in the Sac-Joaquin Section Division II playoffs.
Atwater (22-7) led five points at 60-55 in the fourth quarter with just over 5 minutes left. The Falcons led by 11 points in the fourth quarter.
the 6-foot-4 D'aja Bryant led MC with 16 points. Grover finished with 15 points and Boston added 14.
Amoni Claiborne led Atwater with 19 points, including 13 in the third period. Kelsey Valencia finished with 15 points and 10 rebounds. Jessica Reyes added 14 points for the Falcons.
Manteca 66, El Capitan 39 in Manteca — The Gauchos trailed only 12 to 10 after the first quarter. It was all Buffaloes from that point on as the No. 4 seed rolled to victory.
El Capitan finished with a program best 19-10 record.
Placer 59, Merced 51 in Auburn — The Bears put up a fight on the road against the No. 3 seed in the Division III playoffs, but fell short. The No. 14 seeded Bears finished with a 14-10 record.
Le Grand 52, Holt Academy 32 in Le Grand — Alexa Ultreras scored 24 points as the No. 7 seed Bulldogs (16-10) defeated the No. 10 Holt Academy in the Division V playoffs. Le Grand will face No. 2 seed Argonaut on Thursday.


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Q: Creating a new factor variable from multiple factor variables, all with same levels Imagine a data frame having multiple factor columns with the same levels, but different entries(maybe coming from a survey).
f1=factor(sample(1:4,10,replace=T))
f2=factor(sample(1:4,10,replace=T))
f3=factor(sample(1:4,10,replace=T))
df=data.frame(id=1:10,f1,f2,f3)

I want to create a new factor variable that takes on a value of 1 if at least two of the three previously defined factors are in levels 1 or 2, a value of 2 if at least two of f1,f2,f3 are in level 3, and a value of 3 if at least two of f1,f2,f3 are in level 4, a value of 4 otherwise(if this case exists?).
I understand it is possible to do so with very deep nesting of if else statements alongside a great arrangement of logical operators. But I was wondering if there is a somewhat more elegant solution using maybe dplyr functions?

A: Check to see if this works for you:
f1=factor(sample(1:4,10,replace=T))
f2=factor(sample(1:4,10,replace=T))
f3=factor(sample(1:4,10,replace=T))
df=data.frame(id=1:10,f1,f2,f3)

df$f4 <- factor(apply(df[-1], 1, function(x) {
   y <- which(table(factor(replace(as.numeric(x), x == "2", 1), c(1:2, 4))) > 1)
   if(length(y) == 0) 4 else y
}))

df
#>    id f1 f2 f3 f4
#> 1   1  1  2  4  1
#> 2   2  1  3  2  1
#> 3   3  4  4  2  3
#> 4   4  1  4  2  1
#> 5   5  1  1  1  1
#> 6   6  1  3  3  4
#> 7   7  3  1  3  4
#> 8   8  1  3  4  4
#> 9   9  4  2  1  1
#> 10 10  2  3  3  4

Created on 2020-12-08 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)

A: In dplyr you can specify the conditions in case_when :
library(dplyr)

df %>%
  rowwise() %>%
  mutate(result = {
    vec <- c_across(f1:f3)
    case_when(sum(vec %in% 1:2) >= 2 ~ 1,
              sum(vec == 3) >= 2 ~ 2,
              sum(vec == 4) >= 2 ~ 3,
              TRUE ~ 4)
  })

#      id f1    f2    f3    result
#   <int> <fct> <fct> <fct>  <dbl>
# 1     1 4     2     1          1
# 2     2 1     1     1          1
# 3     3 4     2     2          1
# 4     4 4     3     1          4
# 5     5 2     2     1          1
# 6     6 3     4     2          4
# 7     7 4     2     4          3
# 8     8 3     2     2          1
# 9     9 3     1     1          1
#10    10 2     1     1          1

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text:
Q: Edittext is hidden if softkeyboard is opened in android First of all please don't make it duplicate as all other related post doesn't help!
I have a combination of Tab bar and a fragment having form when I reached onto bottom then all bottom content under keyboard are not visible. Under keyboard there are 3-4 Edit Text which are gaining focus but don't come above the keyboard when I type something.
The problem is following xml attribute:
android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize|adjustPan"

in AndroidManifest.xml
<activity
    android:name=".MyActivity"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:screenOrientation="portrait"
    android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize|adjustPan"
    android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar">
</activity>

I have to put this as I don't want Tab bar to come above keyboard.
Please help!


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text:
Direct flights to Lakselv (LKL)
Lakselv Airport, Banak - Airport code: LKL
Home	› Airports	› Norway	› LKL Lakselv
Non-stop flights to Lakselv (LKL)
Did you mean flights from Lakselv?
Lakselv Airport, Banak is a small airport in Norway. It is a domestic airport. Currently, there are 2 domestic flights to Lakselv.
All direct flights to Lakselv Airlines flying to Lakselv Business Class flights Domestic flights Alternative airports FAQ
This month, there are 90 flights arriving at Lakselv Airport, which are 21 flights per week or 3 flights per day.
The most frequently departed flights to Lakselv are routes from Tromsø (TOS) in Norway and Oslo (OSL), also in Norway. These two routes together are operated 90 times this month, and make up for 100% of all monthly arrivals at Lakselv Airport, Banak.
The longest flight to Lakselv LKL is departing from Oslo (OSL). This non-stop flight takes around 2 hours and 5 minutes and covers a distance of 789 miles (1,269 km).
List of all direct flights to Lakselv
Below you can find a list of all cities and countries that have direct flights to Lakselv, ordered by popularity.
Tromsø (TOS)
Oslo (OSL)
8 flights this month
Airlines flying to Lakselv
Currently, there are 2 airlines that fly to Lakselv. Below you can find the list of airlines that operate all LKL flights:
SAS (SK)1 route to LKL
Widerøe (WF)1 route to LKL
Business class flights to Lakselv
There is only one airport that has Business Class flights to Lakselv, which is Oslo (OSL).
International flights to Lakselv
Currently there are no international flights to Lakselv. The only flights to Lakselv are domestic flights within Norway. To get to Lakselv from another country you will need a flight with a stopover, for example through Oslo or Tromsø.
Domestic flights to Lakselv
Flights from Norway to Lakselv
There are 2 airports in Norway that have non-stop domestic flights to Lakselv.
From Oslo, direct flights are offered by SAS (Star Alliance).
From Tromsø, the only airline with direct flights is Widerøe.
Alternative airports near Lakselv
Flying to an alternative airport near Lakselv could give you other options to reach your destination. For example, the possibility to fly with a different airline or alliance, or finding a cheaper airfare. For this reason, alternative airports near to Lakselv (LKL) are listed below. The closest alternative airports are Alta (ALF) and Hammerfest (HFT).
AltaNorway
39 mi / 62 km
HammerfestNorway
HonningsvågNorway
69 mi / 111 km
HasvikNorway
MehamnNorway
SørkjosenNorway
BerlevågNorway
How many airports are there in Lakselv?
There are 2 airports in Lakselv: Lakselv Airport, Banak (LKL) and Alta Airport (ALF).
What is the best airport to fly into Lakselv?
You have multiple options when flying into Lakselv. Although Lakselv (LKL) is a convenient airport to reach the city, the biggest airport near to Lakselv is Alta (ALF), Alta Airport, which offers you additional options.
How many airlines fly to Lakselv?
There are 2 airlines flying to Lakselv from 2 airports around the world, as of January 2021.
Which airlines fly to Lakselv?
SAS and Widerøe are the only airlines flying to Lakselv.
Which alliances are flying to Lakselv?
Star Alliance is currently the only alliance flying to Lakselv.
How many nonstop flights are there to Lakselv?
There are roughly 90 flights arriving at Lakselv every month (or 21 flights each week), from a total of 2 airports - all within Norway.
What is the official name of Lakselv Airport?
The official name of Lakselv Airport is Lakselv Airport, Banak.
What is the airport code of Lakselv Airport?
The airport code of Lakselv Airport is LKL.
What are the most popular flights to Lakselv?
Tromsø and Oslo are the only airports with flights to Lakselv.
How long is the flight to Lakselv?
Tromsø to Lakselv 50m
Oslo to Lakselv 2h 5m


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This article contains a list of parliamentary groups in Italy.

Parliamentary groups representing a political party
Parliamentary groups since 1946.

Active parliamentary groups

Notes

Defunct parliamentary groups

Notes

Parliamentary groups not representing a political party

Active parliamentary groups

Mixed Group (Constituent Assembly / Chamber and Senate, 1946–present)
For the Autonomies (Senate, 2001–present)
Action – Italy Alive (Chamber and Senate, 2022–present)
Greens and Left Alliance (Chamber, 2022–present)
Us Moderates (Chamber, 2022–present)
Civics of Italy–Us Moderates (Senate, 2022–present)

Defunct parliamentary groups

Historical Right (Chamber, 1849–1913)
Historical Left (Chamber, 1849–1913)
Historical Far Left (Chamber, 1867–1904)
Dissident Left (Chamber, 1877–1887)
Autonomist Group (Constituent Assembly, 1946–1948)
National Democratic Union (Constituent Assembly, 1946–1948)
National Bloc of Freedom (Constituent Assembly, 1947–1948)
National Union (Constituent Assembly, 1947–1948)
Left Democratic Group (Senate, 1948–1953)
Democratic Group – Independents of the Left (Senate, 1953–1958)
Free–Social–Republican Group (Senate, 1953–1958)
Italian Social Movement–PNM/PDI (1958–1963)
Unified Socialist Party (Chamber and Senate, 1966–1969)
Independent Left (Senate, 1968–1992; Chamber, 1983–1992)
Italian Liberal Party–Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Senate, 1976–1979)
European Federalist Group (Chamber, 1987–1994)
Ecologist European Federalist Group (Senate, 1987–1992)
Proletarian Democracy–Communists (Chamber, 1991–1992)
Greens–The Network (Senate, 1992–1996)
Progressives (Chamber and Senate, 1994–1996)
Democratic Left (Senate, 1994–1996)
The Democrats (Chamber, 1995)
The Olive Tree (Chamber and Senate, 2006–2007)
Socialists and Radicals – Rose in the Fist (Chamber, 2006–2008)
Greens–Italian Communists (Senate, 2006–2008)
Christian Democracy for the Autonomies–New Italian Socialist Party (Chamber, 2006–2008)
Christian Democracy for the Autonomies–Movement for Autonomy (Senate, 2006–2008)
People and Territory (Chamber, 2011–2013)
National Cohesion (Senate, 2011–2013)
For the Third Pole (Senate, 2011–2013)
For Italy (Chamber, 2013–2014; Senate 2013–2014)
For Italy–Democratic Centre (Chamber, 2014–2016)
For Italy–Solidary Democracy (Chamber, 2016–2018)
Great Autonomies and Freedom (Senate, 2013–2018)
Popular Area (Senate, 2014–2017)
Civics and Innovators (Chamber, 2016–2018)
Federation of Freedom (Senate, 2017–2018)
Free and Equal (Chamber, 2018–2022)
Europeanists–MAIE–CD (Senate, 2021)
Constitution, Environment, Labour–PC–IdV (Senate, 2022)

See also
List of political parties in Italy
List of political coalitions in Italy

References

Italy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LDH-HSR PASSENGER (54606) departs from LUDHIANA JN Railway Station at 17:15.
How much time LDH-HSR PASSENGER take to reach HISAR Railway Station?
LDH-HSR PASSENGER reach on day 1 to HISAR Railway Station. The arrival time of LDH-HSR PASSENGER at HISAR Railway Station is 23:00.
LDH-HSR PASSENGER covers 210 km to reach HISAR Railway Station at average speed of 37 km/hr. LDH-HSR PASSENGER passes through 29 stations.


Description 132 : illustrations ; 23 cm.
Content Medical beliefs and practices in a traditional society: the Isabtangs in Batanes province / Florentino H. Hornedo, Ph.D. -- Right and duty of Bishops to defend the natural law publicly and authoritatively / Fr. Joseph M. de Torre, Ph.D. -- The Scientific worldview of the 2oth century / Lilian J. Sison, Ph.D. -- Mga aktibong sangkap ng mga halaman-biyaya ng kagubatan / Alicia M. Aguinaldo, Ph.D. -- Toward a self-evaluation in christian witnessing (living mission: challenges in evangelization today, by James H. Kroeger, M.M.) / Benedict V. Reyes, Ph.L., MHRS (Cand).


Hello, my name is Syafiq Faiz.
I build cool, dynamic, smart, profitable, attractive website.
Mentored at NextAcademy web development bootcamp. The best bootcamp in South East Asia.
Technical co-founder of Dobybox . A startup in laundry service using locker.
Fullstack Web Application developer at Betacode . A software developement house.


This course focuses on conceptual awareness and practice of financial management as it applies to hospitality, travel, and tourism industries. It covers the basics of accounting, budgets and budgeting systems, performance measures creation, and financial statement evaluation for the purpose of cost analysis and planning. Aspects of setting prices, funding, and risk management are also covered.
Explain the considerations used to determine market value.
Assess the time value of money concept.
Calculate payback period, return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR).
Explain debt service payments and amortization schedules.
Review key financial concepts, skills, and tools a hospitality manager utilizes to maximize productivity and profit.
Evaluate the financial health of a hotel based on financial statements.
Identify the advantages sustained growth can provide a hospitality business.
Summarize growth strategies hospitality companies can utilize to achieve a steady growth in earnings.
Describe the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Explain the importance of management involvement in financial decisions.
Summarize the basic components of the primary financial statements.
Summarize the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Explain the advantages of the CP3 accounting system.
Describe the components of a ratio analysis.
Apply the formula for a cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis.
Identify data needed to make management-level financial decisions.
Describe the importance of working capital.
Explain the factors to consider when forecasting accounts receivable, accounts payable, and credit card sales.
Summarize the importance of controlling cash flow.
Differentiate between the timeshare, condominium, and mixed-use financial schemes.
Compare and contrast debt, equity, and weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
Describe the types of loans and equity available to a company.


Irish Railway Models Ltd today announces that it has ceased its working arrangement with DJ Models Ltd for its upcoming CIÉ/Irish Rail ballast wagon and cement 'bubble' wagon projects with immediate effect and will now deal directly with a factory in China for the production of these models.
It is envisaged that only minimal disruption to the manufacturing process will result from this development, with delivery of the ballast wagon expected in the first quarter of 2017. A definite production schedule will be provided in due course.
Furthermore, Irish Railway Models Ltd wishes to assure its customers that prices will not be affected by this move and we wish to take this opportunity to thank everyone who has placed orders for their loyalty and understanding.
Irish Railway Models Ltd wish DJ Models Ltd the very best for the future.
Responsibility for manufacturing the recently-announced Tara Mines lead/zinc ore wagon will also lie directly with Irish Railway Models Ltd.


Specialising in Interior Design & Decoration, Hamilton Linda, with head office in Blackburn, VIC, have years of experience to assist you in sourcing any and all your Interior Design & Decoration needs. Hamilton Linda have current knowledge of all aspects of Interior Design & Decoration, including core products and services, and also green design and interior design supplies plus many more products and service areas. Give Hamilton Linda a call on 0412 37# ### during business hours, or any time.


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Film Review – Greyhound (2020)
Apple TV+ film reviews
By Scott J.Davis / July 8, 2020
On receiving his honorary Oscar in 2013 from Tom Hanks, the brilliant Steve Martin said: "Everybody loves Tom Hanks. What a talent. I saw Captain Phillips. I didn't think it was so funny." Well, he's not wrong, on all counts but what has always been true is that, whatever he does, it is impossible to not like Tom Hanks. Whatever character, whatever film, you immediately feel like you are in the presence of one of cinema's true greats and as soon as his latest lands, there's a flurry of bums of cinemas seats. Sadly, his latest is heading to the small screen with Apple TV+ but don't let that deter you as Greyhound is still well worth seeking out on whatever screen you decide.
Based on real events that took place just after the US entered World War II, they lead an international convoy helping merchant ships navigate the North Atlantic. Their mission was to protect them across what the officers had dubbed "The Black Pit" given the lack of air support allowed through those waters. Leading the charge from the US to Liverpool was commander Ernest Krause (Hanks), a seasoned-yet-inexperienced leader who, with a 37-strong convoy, begins to ferry the troops back and forth risking their lives knowing the enemy forces are becoming a smarter and more agile threat with their use of submarines and soon enough, they are set upon by seemingly never-ending strings of attacks.
Written by Hanks, who has always expressed his admiration for those that served through the generations, he makes the decision to keep things focused on the frontline rather than padding the film with any unnecessary waste and, for the most part, it works rather well. As soon as we hit the ships, it's full steam ahead for 80 minutes essentially in the tight confines of the control rooms with Krause and his shipmates, with director Aaron Schneider keeping everything in earshot: alarm bells ring, explosions seem only feet away and the tension flows through the film like the bumpy seas it takes place on. Indeed, without the luxury of a multi-million dollar budget, those CGI-enhanced sequences – of which there are lots – are hugely convincing with some fraught editing and impeccable sound design to back it up.
As a piece of drama, however, we never go below surface level: the film opens on a flashback of Krause and his fiance Evie (Elisabeth Shue) before he sets off, but we never get to know him or any of those brave men alongside him. Perhaps this was the point, though, as, with any war, men are thrown together and never know if they will come out alive, which only adds to the sense of impending dread that flows through its spare runtime. That said, Hanks as ever is superb and his warm yet imposing figure is exactly the kind of man you would follow into battle, even if the endgame was not returning.
War, Drama | USA, 2020 | 12 | 10th July 2020 | Apple TV+ | Dir.Aaron Schneider | Tom Hanks, Stephen Graham, Rob Morgan, Elisabeth Shue, Michael Benz
Tags: Aaron Schneider, Greyhound, tom hanks, world war 2
Tom Holland's Life Is 'Wasted' In Russo Brothers Cherry Trailer
Film Review – The Departure (2020)
Watch TV Spot For The True History Of The Kelly Gang


WHY GRASS-FED AND / OR FREE-RANGE?
Most of the meat that you are getting from your grocery store is from farms that treat their animals like garbage.1 They are stressed out, crammed into tight living corners, pumped full of hormones to increase their size and fed poor quality GMO corn and soy all day long.1 This process gets that meat from their farm to your plate fast and cost efficiently, but produces poor quality, unhealthy meat. In particular, the hormones and other artificial chemicals added to these poor-quality foods can cause inflammation, which can lead to more health problems and weight gain down the road. Exactly like choosing organic produce, when you choose high-quality meats, in which the animals were treated the right way during their lives, not only is the meat going to taste better, but it will also provide you with the proper nutrition that your body thrives on.
What I am really trying to say is that high-quality proteins will provide you with all the essential amino acids, which your body needs in order to create its own, working proteins; low-quality proteins WILL NOT do this. If your current eating habits don't provide you with enough essential amino acids, your cells will your body begins to break down muscle proteins from your own body to cope with the absence. In addition, they will also start to conserve these essential amino acids by limiting the amount used in protein synthesis – the process of your body using amino acids to make new cells. This is ANOTHER reason why choosing top-quality proteins will help you advance to higher levels of fitness!
Visit www.ItsFatLossNotWeightLoss.com to learn some more information on our upcoming book, "It's Fat Loss, Not Weight Loss!" Join our ROUND II Transformation Challenge to receive the chance to become the ULTIMATE version of yourself!


CBS Student Services will be hosting their CBS Study Abroad Lunch and Learns on October 1 - 5, 2018 from 12-1pm in 3-104 MCB.
Space is limited for the sessions to the first 20 participants. Please only RSVP for sessions you are actually able to attend in order to allow for others to sign up. Lunch will be provided. Please RSVP here by Tuesday, September 25. Confirmations for participation will be sent to students letting them know which sessions they can attend.


It was the beginning of a new year , i was excited to face it ,embrace it ............... but my excitement did falter.
For days together i was lost and one fine day , i saw the light house nearby . I was delighted on seeing it , swam till i reached the shore. Before i could rest i saw a ship nearby ready to leave , well i did take the decision to climb onto it and face the seas for it wasn't the end but just the beginning of a journey to reach my destination.


Jac Zagoory Pen Stand Serenity - Cherish the Calm Stand - JZ-PH85 THIS PEN STAND IS NOT ENGRAVABLE.
Serenity pen holder. Who doesn't need a little Serenity in their life? Cherish the calm.
Your pen lies steady and parallel to the ground like your train of thought.
Pens not included with the purchase of the stand.


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Home News LeBron James to Produce Netflix Indigenous Basketball Feature called 'Rez Ball'
LeBron James to Produce Netflix Indigenous Basketball Feature called 'Rez Ball'
News The Staff • August 11, 2021 • Views 193 • Comments off Share
NEW MEXICO — LeBron James is heading back behind the camera to produce Rez Ball, an Indigenous basketball drama for Netflix.
Rez Ball is described as Friday Night Lights meets Hoosiers.
The story, according to the project's description, "follows the Chuska Warriors, a Native American high school basketball team from Chuska, New Mexico, that must band together after losing their star player if they want to keep their quest for a state championship alive. It will be an all-American underdog story about Navajo kids and coaches told from the inside-out."
Veteran television director Sydney Freeland will direct from a script she co-wrote with Sterlin Harjo, who with Taika Waititi co-created the upcoming FX series ReserVation Dogs, for which Freeland wrote and directed episodes.
The duo is writing the story based on Michael Powell's sports novel Canyon Dreams, as well as his New York Times articles that preceded it, which both explore the world of "reservation basketball," which has a unique lightening-quick pace that is rumoured to have influenced top NBA teams and coaches throughout the years. Production will take place on location in New Mexico, including filming on reservations with the permission and support of the local sovereign tribal nations.
Maverick Carter will produce with James under their SpringHill Company banner, along with Wise Entertainment Maurício and Katie Mota, who are behind the popular Hulu teen drama series East Los High. Executive producers are Spencer Beighley and Jamal Henderson for SpringHill.
lacrosse February 1, 2023 • Comments off
SIX NATIONS — Eastern Arena Lacrosse League games continued this past week-end, starting with a match between the Brampton Express and the Toronto Mon-archs on…


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Marvel Fans Speak Out Angrily as Tom Holland is NOT Announced as Next
November 14, 2021 Jothi Venkat
When it comes to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, many franchise fans are used to seeing the same character return and reprise their role within it. That being said, not all characters began their Marvel journey in Disney and Kevin Feige's MCU.
Credit: Marvel Studios
When the Spider-Man live-action films began to be developed, we saw Sony take the reigns. For the first three films — Spider-Man (2002), Spider-Man 2 (2004), and Spider-Man 3 (2007) — we saw Toby Maguire helm the role of Peter Parker. The films were studded with stars such as Kirsten Dunst as Mary Jane Watson, Willem Dafoe as Green Goblin, James Franco as Harry Osborn, J.K. Simmons as J. Jonah Jameson, Alfred Molina as Doc Ock, and so many more. The Stan Lee creation was directed by
Sam Raimi to great success.
After three films, Maguire hung up the Spidey suit, and Andrew Garfield took on the role for two films. The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) retold the story of Peter Parker and starred Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Parker's main love interest. In this series of films, we did get to see new villains such as Jamie Foxx as Electro. Then, as Disney acquired Marvel, a new Spider-Man series was created (along with Sony continuing ownership) with Tom Holland.
Related: Marvel "Rebooting" Popular 'Daredevil' Series, Fan-Favorite Character Returning
Tom Holland has arguably become the most famous Spider-Man, as he has not only starred in his standalone films but other Avenger films as well. This December, fans are chomping at the bit to find out what is going to happen in Spider-Man: No Way Home, following the success of Spider-Man: Far from Home (2019) and Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017). Holland has acted as Spider-Man for years, even voicing the character in shorts.
Credit: Marvel Studios/Sony
Related: Marvel Pres. Kevin Feige Reportedly Livid, "Embarrassed" About 'Black Widow'
When the animated series What If…? was released on Disney+, we saw another Spider-Man come into play in terms of the voice that was used as Hudson Thames voiced the role. Now, on Disney+ Day, we found out that a new animated series was coming to Disney, and it would show Peter Parker's prequel in an animated fashion. Spider-Man: Freshman Year will soon be coming to Disney+ (among other announcements such as X-Men '97, What If…? Season 2, Echo, She-Hulk, and Agatha: House of Harkness), and it seems that Holland will not be acting as the voice of Parker in the series, and Marvel fans are not happy about it.
Credit: Marvel
After we reported the news, plenty of Inside the Magic readers shared their disdain to see another actor have the title of Spider-Man in the MCU.
Spider Fan commented:
tom holland is the only one who play spiderman as i want. If tom Holland spiderman is shifting on sony then i also shifting to see only Sony universe movies
Peri does not think Holland should be exempt from any Spider-Man role.
Big mistake Marvel. And Disney just go ahead and buy Spider-Man.
Vicki does not think this decision is a good one.
I think it's very bad judgement on Disney to replace him. There's a lot of the younger generation that has grown up with Tom. He's an excellent actor for Spider-Man.
Cheryl R. does not want to see Tom go in any capacity.
I agree, I really like Tom as Spidey they should keep him. I really don't want to get use to anyone else. Please keep him.
Robert W. wants to keep Holland and thinks that he should have been the voice of Spider-Man for all live-action and animated versions.
Yes I like Tom. Why do we need to go through this every few years. I think he should have done What if voiceover. Someone should start a petition to keep Tom Holland around, instead of kicking him to the curb.
The majority of comments on the article continue to follow the same notion that Holland is a favorite for many, and Marvel fans would like to hear his voice animate the character. We have seen other voice actors step in to animate MCU characters, such as Robert Downey Jr. not voicing Iron Man/Tony Stark in What If…?; however, we did see many of the original MCU characters return to voice their roles in the animated series. At the moment, we do not know who exactly will be voicing the role of Parker in the new Disney+ series.
Credit: Sony/Marvel Studios
Luckily, Holland not voicing the character in the upcoming animated series does not mean that he will not continue to represent Spider-Man in the live-action Marvel films. That being said, it seems that Holland expects that one day, he may age out of the character as he has already given his advice to the next actor to take on the role.
As we previously discussed, speaking to Total Film (via The Direct), Holland stated:
"When they cast the young kid in Spider-Man to replace me, whether it's next year or in five years, I'll take it upon myself to teach them about the responsibilities of being Spider-Man. Because it's huge. It's absolutely huge. Every time you walk outside that door, you're representing Spider-Man. It's tough. It's taxing sometimes. Because sometimes you just want to go to a pub and get absolutely wasted, and not have to worry about the ramifications of the public scrutiny of: 'Oh my God, what do you mean you got drunk?'"
Related: Marvel Confirms Two Fan-Favorite 'Guardians' Characters Are Not Returning
For now, Marvel fans can expect to see Holland again on the big screen on December 17. In the film, we will be able to see Tom Holland (Peter Parker/Spider-Man), and Zendaya (MJ) joined by Benedict Cumberbatch (Doctor Stephen Strange), Jon Favreau (Happy Hogan), Marisa Tomei (Aunt May), Jacob Batalon (Ned Leeds), and Alfred Molina (Doctor Octopus) as the confirmed cast at the moment. The official description of Spider-Man: No Way Home reads:
For the first time in the cinematic history of Spider-Man, our friendly neighborhood hero is unmasked and no longer able to separate his normal life from the high-stakes of being a Super Hero. When he asks for help from Doctor Strange the stakes become even more dangerous, forcing him to discover what it truly means to be Spider-Man.
What is your opinion on other actors voicing MCU characters in animated series or films?
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HomeRacingRacingsLive Tonight! Offshore Powerboat Racing From Down Under
Live Tonight! Offshore Powerboat Racing From Down Under
The third event of the 2015 Australian Offshore Superboat Championship series will be streamed live tonight on speedonthewater.com starting at 6 p.m. (PST) and 9 p.m. (EST) with the first race. Tonight's airing of the event in Bowen, a city on the coast of Queensland, will be first time Australian offshore powerboat racing has been streamed live through a United States-based media outlet.
Following the rough-water event in Mackay (shown here), today's Australian Offshore Superboat Championship racers should face milder conditions in Bowen. Photo courtesy/copyright Emb Photographics.
The second race of the day is scheduled to begin—and be broadcast on the site via Livestream—at 8 p.m. on the West Coast and 11 p.m. on the East Coast. The series' Superboat Extreme and Super Cat Outboard classes compete together, though not against one another, in each race, which means as many as 13 canopied catamarans can be on the course at one time.
Unlike the most recent Australian Offshore Superboat Championship event in Mackay, also in Queensland, which saw heavy rain and high seas that forced the cancellation of the standard pole position battle the day before the races, conditions for the Bowen event look excellent. Seas are running three to four feet under mostly clear skies, with temperatures in the mid 70s (F).
Watch the Livestream from the Australian Offshore Superboat Championship in Bowen above.
Featuring four laps on the 2.39-mile (3.86-kilometer) course, yesterday's pole position competition in the Superboat Extreme class saw Martimo Australia turned in the fastest lap with an average speed of 99.31 mph (157.91 kph). In the Super Cat Outboard class, the Hog's Breath Offshore Racing team ran with fastest lap with an average speed of 71.05 mph (112.98 kph).
In Superboat Extreme class, Team 3 and Martimo head into the Bowen contest today (Sunday morning in Australia when the first race begins) with one victory a piece from the Mackay event. Super Cat Outboard teams Hog's Breath Offshore Racing and SUV Ram Trucks also enter today's competition with one win each from the Mackay races.
Editor's Note: For more information on the Australian Offshore Superboat Championship, check out the series' website and Facebook page.
Live Tomorrow Night On Speedonthewater.com: Offshore Powerboat Racing From Australia
Speedonthewater.com To Carry Australian Offshore Superboat Championship Series
Live Tomorrow Night On Speedonthewater.com: Offshore Powerbo...
Team 27 MTI Preparing for First Race in St. Clair this Weeke...


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Di-tert-butyl peroxide
Di-tert-butyl peroxide has been tested for skin irritation in vivo and eye irritation in vitro and in vivo.  It is not irritating to skin or eyes in any of these studies.
Link to relevant study records
Referenceopen allclose all
other: Well-conducted GLP study performed according to established protocol. Test article is well characterized and a certificate of analysis is included in the report.
OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
Three animals were used as recommended by international guidelines. Animals were identified individually with a metal tag in the ear. On the day of treatment, the animals had a mean body weight of 2.4 +/- 0.1 kg. Animals were acclimated at least 5 days before the beginning of the study. Conditions in the animal room were as follows: temperature, 18 +/- 3 °C; relative humidity, 30 to 70%; light/dark cycle, 12 hr/12 hr; ventilations, approximately 12 cycles/hour of filtered, non-recycled air. Animals were housed individually in polystyrene cages. Each cage was equipped with a food container and a water bottle. During the study, the animals had free access to 112C pelleted diet. Drinking water filtered by a FG Millipore membrane (0.22 micron) was provided ad libitum.
semiocclusive
Doses of 0.5 ml were placed on a 6 cm2 dry gauze pad, which was then applied to the right flank (application for 4 hours) or the left flank (application for 3 minutes) of the animals.
Three minutes (one animal) or four hours (three animals).
One hour, 24, 48 and 72 hours after removal of the dressing or until reversibility of cutaneous reactions.
The test substance was evaluated in one animal in a first assay. The duration of exposure was 3 minutes on one flank and 4 hours on the other flank. Since the test substance was not irritant in this first assay, it was then applied for 4 hours to two other animals in a second assay. The test substance was used undiluted. Doses of 0.5 ml were placed on a 6 cm2 dry gauze pad, which was then applied to the right flank (application for 4 hours) or the left flank (application for 3 minutes) of the animals. The test substance and the gauze pad were held in contact with the skin by means of an adhesive hypoallergenic aerated semi-occlusive dression and a restraining bandage. The untreated skin sered as control No residual test substance was observed on removal of the dressing.
After a 3-minute exposure (one animal), no cutaneous reactions were observed. After a 4-hour exposure (three animals), a very slight erythema (grade 1) was observed in one animal on day 1. A well-defined erythema (grade 2) was observed in the second animal between days 1 and 3, then a very slight erythema (grade 1) was noted on day 4. It was replaced by dryness ofthe skin from day 5 up to day 8. No cutaneous reactions were observed in the third animal.
Other effects:
None recorded.
Mean scores over 24, 48 and 72 hours for each animal were 0.0, 0.0 and 1.7 for erythema and 0.0, 0.0 and 0.0 for oedema.
not irritating
Under our experimental conditions, the test substance PEROXYDE DE DI-t-BUTYLE (batch No. 990-9801-124) is non-irritant when applied topically to rabbits.
The potential of the test substance PEROXYDE DE DI-t-BUTYLE (batch No. 990-9801-124) to induce skin irritation was evaluated in rabbits according to OECD (No. 404, 17th July 1992) and EC (92/69/EEC, B.4, 31st July 1992) guidelines. After a 3 -minute exposure (one animal), no cutaneous reactions were observed. After a 4-hour exposure (three animals), a very slight erythema (grade 1) was observed in one animal on day 1. A well-defined erythema (grade 2) was observed in the second animal between days 1 and 3, then a very slight erythema (grade 1) was noted on day 4. It was replaced by dryness of the skin from day 5 up to day 8. No cutaneous reactions were observed in the third animal. Under our experimental conditions, the test substance PEROXYDE DE DI-t-BUTYLE (batch No. 990-9801-124) is non-irritant when applied topically to rabbits.
skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
other: Well-documented study performed under GLP according to established guidelines with no deviations.
Test Animals:
Animals: Young Adult New Zealand White Rabbit, SPF
Rationale: Recognized by international guidelines as a recommended test system.
Breeder: Charles River Laboratories France, BP 0109, 69592 L'Arbresle / France
Number of Animals per Test: 3 (Animals of both sexes were used)
Age (when treated): 14 weeks (male), 18 weeks (females)
Body Weight Range (when treated): 2826 g (male), 2706 - 2707 g (females)
Identification: By unique cage number and corresponding ear number.
Acclimatization: Under laboratory conditions after health examination. Only animals without any visual signs of illness were used for the study.
Randomization: Selected by hand at time of delivery. No computer generated randomization program.
Conditions: Standard Laboratory Conditions. Air-conditioned with 10-15 air changes per hour, and continuously monitored environment with a room temperature of 17-23 °C and a relative humidity between 30-70%, automatically controlled light cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark, music during the daytime light period.
Accommodation: Individually in stainless steel cages equipped with feed hoppers and drinking water bowls.
Diet: Pelleted standard Kliba Nafag 3418 rodent maintenance diet (batch no. 05/10) provided by Provimi Kliba AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland) available ad libitum. Results of analyses for contaminants are archived at Harlan Laboratories Ltd. A piece of wood (imported by Indulab AG, Gams / Switzerland from ABEDD® - LAB & VET GmbH, 1160 Vienna / Austria) and a haystick 4642 (batch no. 54/09, Provimi Kliba AG, 4303 Kaiseraugst / Switzerland) were also provided for environmental enrichment.
Water: Community tap water from Füllinsdorf ad libitum. Results of bacteriological, chemical and contaminant analyses are archived at Harlan Laboratories Ltd.
0.1 mL of di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS# 110-05-4) was withdrawn with a syringe and applied undiluted. The test item was applied at 0.1 mL/animal, the dose specified in the test guidelines for a liquid test item.
Single exposure.
3 (1 male and 2 females)
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS# 110-05-4) was used as delivered by the Sponsor.
The pH of the test item was measured from an aliquot of the test item, before the study initiation date. By using pH strips , the pH was found to be 4.
According to Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 B.5. and OECD Guidelines 405, a test item is not required to be tested if the pH-value is less than 2 or greater than 11.5, owing to its predictable corrosive properties.
The eyes of the animals were examined one day prior to test item administration. The test item was placed in the conjunctival sac of the left eye of each animal after gently pulling the lower lid away from the eyeball. The lids were then gently held together for about one second to prevent loss of test item. The right eye remained untreated and served as the reference control.
A single animal (one female) was treated first. As neither a corrosive effect nor a severe irritant effect was observed after the 1- and 24-hour examinations, the test was completed using the two remaining animals.
Rationale: The application form and dose were used to detect an irritating potential of the test item applied.
fully reversible
The instillation of di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS# 110-05-4) into the eye resulted in mild, early onset and transient ocular changes, such as slight to moderate reddening of the conjunctivae and slight to moderate reddening of the sclerae. Also, slight swelling of the conjunctivae was noted, although exclusively 1 hour after instillation. All effects were reversible and were no longer evident 72 hours after treatment, the end of the observation period for all animals. No abnormal findings were observed in the cornea or for the iris light reflex of any animal at any of the examinations. No corrosion was observed at any of the measuring intervals. No staining of the treated eyes by the test item was observed and no clinical signs were observed.
Coloration: No staining produced by the test item was observed in the treated eyes.
Corrosion: No corrosion of the cornea was observed at any of the reading times.
Viability / Mortality: No intercurrent deaths occurred during the course of the study.
Clinical Signs: No clinical signs were recorded throughout the entire observation period.
Body Weights: The body weight of the animals was within the range commonly recorded for this strain and age.
Based upon the referred classification criteria (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008), di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS# 110-05-4) is not classified with respect to eye irritation in rabbits.
The primary eye irritation potential of di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS# 110-05-4) was investigated according to OECD test guideline no. 405. The test item was applied by instillation of 0.1 mL into the left eye of each of three young adult New Zealand White rabbits. Scoring of irritation effects was performed approximately 1, 24, 48 and 72 hours after test item instillation.
The mean score was calculated across 3 scoring times (24, 48 and 72 hours after instillation) for each animal for corneal opacity, iris light reflex and redness and chemosis of the conjunctivae. The individual mean scores for corneal opacity and iris light reflex were 0.00 for all three animals. The individual mean scores for the conjunctivae were 1.00, 0.33 and 0.33 for reddening and 0.00, 0.00 and 0.00 for chemosis, respectively.
The instillation of di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS# 110-05-4) into the eye resulted in mild, early onset and transient ocular changes, such as reddening and swelling of the conjunctivae and reddening of the sclerae. These effects were reversible and were no longer evident 72 hours after treatment, the end of the observation period for all animals. No abnormal findings were observed in the cornea or for the iris light reflex of any animal at any of the examinations. No corrosion was observed at any of the measuring intervals. No staining of the treated eyes by the test item was observed and no clinical signs were observed.
Thus, the test item did not induce significant or irreversible damage to the rabbit eye.
eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
other: cow (Bos bovis)
other: three vehicle controls and three positive controls were tested simultaneously
Ten minutes
One hundred twenty minutes
Three corneas per group
Collection of Bovine Eyes
Freshly isolated bovine eyes were collected from the abattoir. Excess tissue was removed from the excised eyes. The isolated eyes were transported to the laboratory in Hank's buffered salt solution (HBSS) supplemented with streptomycin / penicillin at ambient temperature. The corneae were isolated on the same day after delivery of the eyes, inserted in pre-cooled preservation medium composed of Medium 199 supplemented with Lglutamine,
Na-bicarbonate and Taurine, and stored in the refrigerator at 2 – 8 °C until the following day. Shortly before use, Dextran was added to the medium.
Preparation of Corneae
All eyes were carefully examined macroscopically for defects. Those presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity and scratches were discarded. The cornea was carefully removed from the eye using scalpel and rounded scissors. A rim of about 2 mm of tissue (sclera) was left for stability and handling of the isolated cornea. All corneae used in the experiment were collected in Hank's BSS supplemented with streptomycin / penicillin and checked finally with a view box for defects listed above. Each cornea was mounted in a cornea holder with the endothelial side against the sealing ring (O-ring) of the posterior part of the holder. The cornea was gently flattened over the Oring but stretching was avoided. After the anterior part of the holder was positioned on top of the cornea and fixed in place with screws, both compartments of the holder were filled with complete medium. The posterior compartment was filled first to return the cornea to its natural convex position. Care was taken to assure no air bubbles were present within the compartments. For equilibration, the corneae in the holder were incubated in a vertical position for one hour at 32 ± 2 °C in a water-bath.
At the end of the incubation period, the complete medium was removed from both compartments and replaced with fresh cMEM, and the basal opacity was determined (t0). For measurement, the posterior compartment was plugged and the anterior compartment was unplugged.
Exposure of the test item to the corneae:
The test item was taken out of the freezer directly prior to application. The anterior
compartments were washed several times with 0.9% (w/v) NaCl in deionized water (saline).
The remaining saline on the anterior compartment was removed by aspiration. Saline was
placed in the posterior compartment, while the anterior compartment received the test item at
a volume of 1.0 mL on the surface of the corneae using plastic pipettes, and was incubated
at 32 ± 2 °C in the water-bath, while the corneae were in a horizontal position.
Exposure of the controls to the corneae:
Fresh cMEM was placed in the posterior compartment, while the anterior compartment received the negative or positive control at a volume of 1.0 mL on the surface of the corneae and was incubated at 32 ± 2 °C in the water-bath, while the corneae were in a horizontal position. The test item was tested undiluted. The positive control 2-Ethoxyethanol was tested neat. 0.9% (w/v) saline was used as negative control item. The incubation time lasted ten minutes (± 30 seconds).
Post-exposure handling of the corneae:
After incubation, the test item was rinsed off from the application side using saline. The saline in the posterior compartment was removed by aspiration, the posterior compartment was washed at least three times with cMEM and then filled with cMEM, and opacity was measured (t10). The corneae exposed to the negative and positive controls were treated like the test item corneae, but the application side was rinsed with cMEM. The corneae were then futher incubated at 32 ± 2 °C for further two hours in a vertical position, followed by a third opacity reading (t130). In the second step of the assay, permeability of the cornea was determined. Fresh complete medium was added to the posterior compartment and 1 mL of a Na-fluorescein solution, 0.5 % dissolved in HBSS, was placed in the anterior compartment. Corneae were incubated again in a horizontal position for an additional 90 minutes at 32 ± 2 °C in the water-bath. The optical density of an aliquot of the mixed complete medium from the posterior chamber was measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm (OD490).
Run / experiment:
no indication of irritation
other: corneal permeability
The test item di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS No. 110-05-4) did not cause any opacity or permeability of the corneae compared with the results of the negative control. The calculated in vitro score was 0.81 and therefore, the test item was classified as non eye irritant.
This in vitro study was performed to assess the corneal irritation and damage potential of ditert- butyl peroxide (CAS No. 110-05-4) by means of the BCOP assay using fresh bovine corneae. After a first opacity measurement of the fresh bovine corneae (t0), the neat test item di-tertbutyl peroxide (CAS No. 110-05-4), the positive, and the negative controls were applied to corneae and incubated for 10 minutes at 32 ± 2 °C. After the incubation phase the test item, the positive, and the negative controls were each rinsed from the corneae and opacity was measured again (t10). Further, the corneae were incubated for another 120 minutes at 32 ± 2 °C in complete medium, and opacity was measured a third time (t130). After the opacity measurements permeability of the corneae was determined while application of 1 mL of a fluorescein solution for 90 minutes at 32 ± 2 °C in a horizontal position. The liquid coming out was measured spectrophotometrically. With the negative control (0.9% NaCl solution) neither an increase of opacity nor permeability of the corneae could be observed. The positive control (2-Ethoxyethanol) showed clear opacity and distinctive permeability of the corneae and therefore, is classified as very severe eye irritant. The test item di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS No. 110-05-4) did not cause any opacity or permeability of the corneae compared with the results of the negative control. The calculated in vitro score was 0.81 and therefore, the test item was classified as non eye irritant. In conclusion, it can be stated that in this study and under the experimental conditions reported, the test item di-tert-butyl peroxide (CAS No. 110-05-4) is not considered to be an eye irritant.
Respiratory irritation
Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Apparently well conducted GLP study.
Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
Di- tert- butyl peroxide does not cause irritation when tested using in vitro or in vivo methods; therefore, it is not classified for either skin or eye irritation.
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Rationally, I did, but the pain continued. I recognized that this pain was information, ready for me to tap into it right then. I had recently learned a tool called "tracking," in a Holodynamics course, so I knew what to do.
Holodynamics is the application of holographics, quantum physics, developmental psychology, information theory and other modern sciences to the understanding of consciousness and the unfolding of life potential. * The tools enable a person to transform their life, and are applicable to their relationships, work, community, and the global environment.
Following Holodynamics protocols, I tracked the "closed circle," an immature holodyne (specific information systems that control thoughts, feelings, actions and consciousness of individuals). * I gave the feeling of being shut out/not fitting in my full attention—addressed it as a living, viable entity, asked that it reveal itself fully, and sent it love and appreciation for the information it held for me. My objective was to learn its positive intent so it could transform it into its full potential.
The holodyne responded, taking shape as a red circle slightly open on one side that closed as I focused upon it. It represented cliques in my high school and I was on the outside. No effort I made "to belong" mattered. I remembered the pain of isolation. I asked, "Okay, what is your positive intent in closing me out of the circle?
It was true. However, my reaction to the withdrawn invitation was an indication that the immature aspects still ran me. Was collecting friends and experiences my way of compensating for "not belonging" in high school? As I asked the question, my body was flooded with chills, a confirmation—yes!
I addressed the holodyne, "Can you show me your full potential now that I am a citizen of the world?" It responded, sending messages and images as it began to transform. The circle was spinning, and then re-shaped into a triangle, the symbol for trinity. Popping up from each point were the words—Clarity, Commitment, Focus.
"Apply these attitudes to your life now, pull in your scattered energies, and you will become effective wherever you choose to be. You already 'belong.' Do not 'try' to fit in anywhere." This message came from the triangle, a mature holodyne.
The above tracking was self-lead, and immediately effective— my feeling of being shut out was transformed—I no longer had an ego attachment to being included. Within days, the invitation to the meeting was re-issued! The change in my perspective affected my mind and understanding; and in turn, my emotional response. I went to the meeting confident but no longer attached to being part of the group. All systems from my body to the Universe had accepted a new pattern and in only 3 months time, "fitting in" was not a priority for me any longer.
The Academy of Holodynamics was originally organized within the Academy of Natural Science of Russia. It was founded to promote the integration of all branches of science, philosophy, religion, education, and social structure in order to help unfold potential consciousness on the planet. In 2005, the International Academy of Holodynamics was organized in the United States, offering on-line courses, manuals, and training conferences throughout the year.
From quantum physics, he knew there was an underlying order throughout the universe and an all-pervading force, which manifested itself in the dual nature of reality, as both "particle" (the thinker) and "wave" (the feeler). His realization was that the mind, from a quantum perspective, had direct impact upon reality.
Dr. Woolf's "Ah-Ha!" moment occurred as the result of a dream in which the multi-dimensional qualities of all consciousness were revealed to him as a "mind model." From there, the principles of holodynamics unfolded, his fascination becoming his life work.
Holodynamics is based in science, thus establishing a neutral foundation and language through which people can work together to transform common issues, regardless of conflicting personal dogma or beliefs. As individuals and groups apply the principals to their lives, they transform on a personal level as well as in their businesses, spiritual organizations, and communities.
This statement by Dr. Woolf supports what mystics have sensed for eons— that we are all aspects of the same continuum of consciousness. Our focus, be it through prayer, intention, law of attraction, intuition, and psychic phenomenon— affects the field.
An underlying principle of quantum physics is that outside our particular time/space continuum— the past, present, and future exist simultaneously. Holodynamics facilitates accessing that no-time space. Therefore, the work has great scope, encompassing the whole field of consciousness, into dimensions not yet measurable, and beyond our perceptions of who we are and what our life represents.
This deeper level is called the "ReLive/PreLive" and uses tracking to take the individual to the source of an issue that has been in their ancestral line for generations. Once tracked and transformed into a mature holodyne at the source, even 2000 years past, the issue then becomes an effective ally of the person's life in the present.
Tracking an issue deeper to its source, triggers a transformation through other time dimensions and parallel realities, and creates positive change in the past, present, future, and for the collective. Once transformed, the entire system begins to re-organize in all dimensions, including within the individual and their ancestral line.
An example is a woman I met at a conference who had suffered emotional abuse by her adopted mother from the time she was a toddler. She used the ReLive/PreLive to track the abuse to its source, and felt the transformation in herself. Within a few days of the tracking, she received an unsolicited call from her adopted mother, who for the first time— acknowledged her mistreatment and asked for a chance to make amends. This transformation occurred in "hyperspace" and manifested into a tangible life change.
These processes track the source of a multitude of spiritual, emotional, mental and physical maladies, often with inter-related components. Another conference attendee had used the protocols to cure herself of autoimmune disease and its complications. Inspired by her success, she became a master teacher of Holodynamics.
These protocols are an effective way to navigate emotions before they become a source of dis-ease. Shortly after tracking the closed circle, I had a flare-up episode in my neck. Two years prior, an x-ray indicated herniated disks and a bone out of place. The pain demanded my full attention. I tracked it. The immature holodyne appeared as a red triangle pressing into my spinal column. It revealed to me that the misalignment of my vertebrae was the physical manifestation of that lifelong feeling that I did not fit in.
It indicated that the emotional issue was fully transformed, so my neck was fully ready to heal and needed physical support to do so. Its specific instructions were for me to focus 100% on my health and to take yoga classes from an instructor named Richard in Ketchum, Idaho, a place that resonates with me on many levels. Its final message was, "as you align your spine, you will align your life. I moved and started classes— three months later, I feel and see marked results. My spine is aligning, my neck is more flexible, my body is stronger, and I can sense my life work unfolding. Joy!
Holodynamics may be applied on any level from individuals to relationships to systems. Whenever two or more people or entities come together, there is a holodyne that embodies that formation. Addressing the information allows the system to unfold its fullest potential expression.
The protocols of holodynamics are effective for individuals and groups, and no props or intermediaries are required. An individual may self-track any concern, transforming angst into an effective ally. A couple may seek counsel from the mature holodyne representing their union. A group may be guided by the group holodyne before a meeting so the fullest potential will unfold.
Imagine world leaders communicating with the mature holodynes of their countries and asking them to be guides for national and international policy decisions and planetary support. The possibilities are infinite!


Last week, the senior expert team of the State Key Laboratory of Solid State Lighting (SKL) visited the LED Bulb Expert WELLMAX's Shanghai head office. As a subsidiary of China Solid State Lighting Alliance (CSA), SKL is a state-class research center for technological innovation and standards development, providing full range of innovative services for lighting industries. The expert team came to WELLMAX to exchange thoughts on frontier LED technologies and seek future cooperation with Shanghai Wellmax Lighting (WELLMAX).


text:
TRAIN TO GAIN : Hormonal Ebb and Flow With Different Types of Training by Jerry Brainum
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How does training style affect anabolic and catabolic hormones? That was the primary focus of a recently published study whose 10 male subjects, average age 21, all had at least two years of training experience and were proficient in squats. The subjects engaged in three different styles of training:
1) Hypertrophy: four sets of 10 reps on the squat, using a weight equal to 75 percent of one-rep maximum, resting 90 seconds between sets. That's the mode of training most bodybuilders use to increase muscle size.
2) Strength: 11 sets of three reps on the squat, using 90 percent of one-rep maximum.
3) Power: Eight sets of six reps of jumping squats, using no weight, with three-minute rests between sets.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that the hypertrophy style of training brings on acute increases in testosterone, cortisol, sex-hormone-binding globulin and lactate. Key to hormone release with that type of training are the shorter rest periods, ranging from under a minute to 90 seconds. The strength style of training usually involves heavy weights, lower reps and longer rest times between sets, averaging three minutes or more. The longer rest periods make for greater recuperation through replenishment of ATP, but at the cost of a significant anabolic-hormone release.
Those styles also promote different types of fatigue, again related to the rest periods and amount of weight used. The primary form of fatigue during hypertrophy workouts is called peripheral fatigue and results from a buildup of acidic substances within muscle that inhibit energy reactions. Bodybuilders use supplements to combat the early fatigue during training, including creatine, which helps replenish depleted ATP stores in muscle, and beta-alanine, which is the precursor of carnosine, a primary intramuscular buffer that helps lower the metabolic acidity that results from intense exercise.
In heavy strength training the dominant form of fatigue is termed central fatigue. It occurs in the central nervous system and is the result of activation of motor units that are required for lifting heavier weights. Central fatigue increases release of the brain neurotransmitter serotonin, which is produced in the brain from the essential amino acid L-tryptophane. Some studies suggest that taking amino acids that compete with tryptophane for entry into the brain, particularly branched-chain amino acids, can help inhibit central fatigue.
In the new study researchers measured testosterone, cortisol and sex-hormone-binding globulin before training, immediately afterward and at the 60-minute, 24-hour and 48-hour marks following. Only the hypertrophy workout led to significant rises in hormones. What precisely caused the increases isn't clear, but one hypothesis is that higher lactate increased blood acidity and led to the release of catecholamines, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which in turn aided the release of testosterone. While cortisol, a catabolic hormone, is also released during training, its activity is countered by the higher testosterone, which tips the balance toward anabolic effects in muscle.
The strength workout led to blunted hormone release, likely a function of the extended rest times between sets. The longer rests also resulted in less lactate accumulation, which in turn resulted in less muscle activity following training than occurred with the hypertrophy workout. The power workout, involving no resistance, led to negligible hormone release.
The authors comment that traditional hypertrophy training, as used by most bodybuilders, "may create an internal muscular environment which is similar to that of vascular occlusion models and may optimize motor unit recruitment to that of high-intensity resistance exercise." Translation: The accepted style of bodybuilding training, with moderate weight, a rep range of eight to 10 and short rests between sets, is the most efficient way to build muscle.
Many believe that using heavy weight and lower reps is the way to gain muscle size. That style of training is best for building strength but may not be the optimum method for producing more rapid gains in mass.
McCaulley, G.O., et al. (2009). Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses to hypertrophy, strength and power type resistance exercise. Eu J Appl Physiol. In press.
©,2015 Jerry Brainum. Any reprinting in any type of media, including electronic and foreign is expressly prohibited
Want more evidence-based information on exercise science, nutrition and food supplements, ergogenic aids, and anti-aging research? Check out Applied Metabolics Newsletter at www.appliedmetabolics.com
Labels: anabolic, atp, catabolic, cortisol, creatine, hormones, hypertrophy, jerry brainum, power, sex-hormone, strength, training, tryptophane


Find out what customers are now demanding of the organizations they deal with and what will change in the future with The Customer Zeitgeist©.
Since 2012, we have been polling customer-facing pros on where the next phase of customer values, expectations and behaviours is taking us. We've gleaned expert input from 40+ of the world's leading experts & futurists, global surveys (polling 370+ experts in our latest round) and curation of the best practices of the world's top 100+ customer-driven organizations. Here's some of the questions we asked in our last round.
We share the leading statistical shifts, expert insights and in-‐market evidence that shows what actually is changing and furnish tools, strategies and microtrends to extrapolate opportunities specific to your audience(s), channel(s), organization or industry. In a world of low customer trust, attention and time, amidst an exposition of media choice and possible solutions to their needs, the customer is always right has never been more true.
Smarter. Human. Trusted. Customized. Wow. Now. Fix your customer issues now, and springboard with them to a better future.


The New Nothing (with notes) – Analog/Digital: Opposition or Continuum?
A key note session early on in the Google Digital Academy/ Squared program to set the context of the program in relation to technology and its impact on business, society and human behavior. This session is a vital part of Squared in creating excitement for the opportunities inherent in a digital world.


The Income Tax department has come up with the online PAN card facility wherein an Aadhaar card holder will be able to get an instant e-PAN card.
If you do not have Aadhaar card, you can apply for it on UIDAI and can check the e-Aadhaar status online.
Anyone can apply for PAN card online if they have their Aadhaar or e-Aadhaar with them. To avail the facility of free PAN card, having a valid Aadhaar number is a prerequisite.
The Income Tax Department issues a digitally signed PAN card in an electronic format. They use Aadhaar to get the KYC details of the individual for giving access to the e-PAN card.
The facility of free PAN card is available for a limited period and valid Aadhaar holders only. You can check your e-Aadhaar status online to know the validity of your Aadhaar.
A PAN card is a necessity for filling your income tax return if the earnings are under the taxable limit. A PAN card assists the IT department in knowing all the transactions made by the taxpayer in the financial year. PAN card link with aadhar card online is also mandatory for all indians.
It will include all the details like the amount of tax paid, returns on tax and any other transaction where PAN is required.
While filing the income tax return, your bank account details, PAN number, rent receipts and payslips should be ready with you.
A free PAN card facility is valid for those individuals who are applying for the PAN card for the first time. Those who already have a PAN card are not eligible to apply for an e-PAN card.
Only Indian residents are eligible for the e-PAN card. HUF, trusts and other companies do not qualify for the same. Minor and individuals covered under Section 160 of Income Tax Act are exceptions to it.
An updated Aadhaar is must for getting the e-PAN card. All the details are collected from Aadhaar for generating an e-PAN card.
In the process of creating the e-PAN card, an OTP (one-time-password) is sent on the Aadhaar registered phone number. Thus, it is important to keep contact details updated on Aadhaar.
Following are the steps for requesting e-PAN card.
The request for the e-PAN card can be made from the official website. http://incometaxindiaefiling.gov.in is the official website for the e-PAN application.
At this step, you will have to enter an active mobile number that is linked to Aadhaar. On this mobile number, you will get an OTP that is to be entered for moving to the next step.
Now, the applicant needs to click on the instant e-PAN tab, present on the left side of the web page.
All the necessary details that are filled in the form should match the Aadhaar details. The mobile number should also match as you will get OTP on that number.
After filling the Aadhaar details, you will receive the OTP on the mobile. Enter the OTP in the given space and move ahead for the next step.
The applicant now needs to upload a scanned copy of his/her signature as per the format and size mentioned.
After entering all the asked details correctly, you will receive a 15 digit acknowledgement number on your mobile.
To check your e-PAN status, you need to enter the acknowledgement number on the official website.


BISHOP – Erick Schat's Bakkery has become a major tourist attraction.
Erick Schat's Bakkery in Bishop is known up and down 395 for its preservative-free breads and sweet treats, which is why he sells 25,000 loves of bread per week.
Tattooed bikers rub shoulders with Polo-clad, multigeneration families who come here for the famous Sheepherder's bread – or for sandwiches, soups, cookies, cakes, candies, gelato or myriad other offerings.
Busloads of customers scramble around a maze of racks and cases. They crowd around small tables that spill onto the sidewalk. Most head home with bags of goodies they'll share with friends or freeze for later use.