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Sunstein on Hayek
Categories: Politics and Economics
By Alberto Mingardi, Nov 7 2014
Anticipating the Republicans' victory in the U.S. mid-term elections, on Monday Cass Sunstein wrote a passionate plea to the new Republican majority. His appeal can so be summarized: be libertarian, not conservative. For bloggers and readers at Econlog, he is bringing vases to Samos.
Sunstein is a very shrewd writer, and he is using Hayek's "Why I Am Not a Conservative," a postscript to The Constitution of Liberty, to make his argument appealing. He persuasively writes:
Hayek had some admiring words for conservatives: He endorsed their skepticism about rapid change and about social engineering. He drew attention to "their loving and reverential study of the value of grown institutions," and in particular their emphasis on how law, language and morals often grow up spontaneously, through the decisions of countless people rather through the actions of any social designer.
But most of Hayek's assessment was scathing. Too often, he argued, conservatives foolishly object to novelty as such, because they "lack the courage to welcome the same undesigned change from which new tools of human endeavor will emerge." And he complained that they are far too fond of established authority. "The conservative does not object to coercion or arbitrary power so long as it used for what he regards as the right purposes."
Most damagingly, Hayek said, the conservative "has no political principles which enable him to work with people whose moral values differ from their own for a political order in which both can obey their convictions." Sounding a lot like those who argue for the right to same-sex marriage, Hayek complained that conservatives insist that government should enlist their own moral convictions as a basis for law.
The whole piece is well written and persuasive.
Sunstein rightly maintains that "Republicans will be under increasing pressure to define themselves affirmatively rather than by opposition. One of their chief goals should be to identify freedom-promoting initiatives that might attract support from people who cannot, by temperament or otherwise, be counted as conservative." The last sentence is both interesting and revealing of Sunstein's goals.
It seems to me that he sees libertarians as being more aligned, culturally speaking, with American liberals than conservatives. This might be true, though I think it is a half-truth: libertarians and liberals may agree on matters that do not explain their own voting behaviour. As a libertarian, I may be in favour of legalised gay marriage but this doesn't mean that I vote on that issue. I may prefer a candidate that believes in intelligent design, who nonetheless wants to balance the budget, over one that shares my views on social issues but wants to stimulate the economy by pumping taxpayers' money into new "innovative" green energy ventures. Of course, political identities are far more complex than this simplistic sketch. I suppose that, on practical grounds, a good politician is more aware of how different intuitions and beliefs are mixing in his constituency than most theorists are.
The idea of "freedom-promoting initiatives that might attract support from people" from the left, thus, is kind of too good to be true. To get there, you would need a consistent group of legislators who think that such freedom-promoting would help them in building consensus. But will be more innovation, cheaper prices, better services, something that convince people to do something as dramatic as switching parties? I hope so, I fear not.
If not, it would be more effective to suggest to Republicans that they should embrace market-oriented reforms not to win votes on the other side, but to consolidate their own consensus: to make their own people happy. In writing such an article, however, you should at first respect Republican voters and consider their views, right or wrong, legitimate. It seems to me that Sunstein is basically suggesting to new Republican Congressmen and Senators to do something good, so that even more decent people could come to like them. Again, if it was a compelling argument for more "freedom-promoting initiatives" it would be great–but I fear it is not.
On Hayek, I think Sunstein is reading him fairly. But what the readers of Sunstein's column are missing, is the fact that those very problems Hayek resented in conservatives in that essay, you can find in social-democrats. Aren't modern liberals likewise committed to enlisting "their own moral convictions as a basis for law"? Aren't they as unwelcoming to "undesigned change from which new tools of human endeavor will emerge," i.e. technological innovation that often makes regulations obsolete?
Nov 7 2014 at 10:04am
I find as usual that when libertarians use the word "conservative" I do not recognize these creatures they are describing, or at least, not under the same name. How strange.
Now, perhaps I've mislabeled myself, and several I consider my ideological fellow travelers, my entire life. Perhaps. But I find little use for disposing of the term just so I may cease to feel slighted whenever libertarians rail against "conservatives" that don't resemble me.
I do, however, think that Hayek was on to something. I recognize the aversion to change for the sake of aversion to change in the Republican party, alright: primarily to be found in it's establishment, moderate wing. Curiously, the Republicans I would be most inclined to call "conservative" are the most radical.
But then, America is a Liberal country, in the old sense of the word, Liberal. To be conservative here is to be conservative of liberalism, is it not?
Bostonian
Libertarians should oppose efforts to force people to participate in gay marriages, as has happened to people who photograph weddings, provide floral arrangements, and bake wedding cakes. I bet Sunstein does not interpret libertarian principles in this way.
"Sounding a lot like those who argue for the right to same-sex marriage, Hayek complained that conservatives insist that government should enlist their own moral convictions as a basis for law."
This kind of talk is so commonly accepted as wise but it ought to get the same reaction as a person advocating square triangles. If someone believes his moral convictions are correct (that is, if he believes his beliefs) what reason would there be to not consider those convictions when thinking about the laws a government should make? Should conservatives favor laws based on moral convictions other than their own, or on no moral convictions, or what?
It would make far more logical sense for Sunstein to say that conservatives should first abandon their existing moral convictions and embrace his, and then enlist those convictions as a basis for law. But Sunstein is not dumb, just observant. For years, libertarians have been willing to debate moral foundations with conservatives and liberals and the results have been rather meager.
Certainly well written, however not sure that something labeled 'persuasive' by libertarians is equally persuasive to intended audience.
…the fact that those very problems Hayek resented in conservatives in that essay, you can find in social-democrats…
Entrenched defense of established systems/methods(*gasp those vile conservative tendencies) currently also the game of the 'liberal' and Democrat see: SS/Medicare reform, public schools (anti-voucher/charter) , Unions, Affirmative Action, Equal Pay Act, ect.
All 50+ year old ideas and laws that are still often harped on as the inviolable end all solutions.
also see: Blue Model series by Walter Mead
BJ Terry
Nov 7 2014 at 12:19pm
For bloggers and readers at Econlog, he is bringing vases to Samos.
This is a tangent, but this is a wonderful sentence. I knew what it meant, but had never seen the expression before, despite it being clear from context that it must be a particular reference. But googling "bringing vases to Samos," this very post was the second result (the first result was I assume it's original source, Italian epic poem Orlando Furioso, although perhaps in the original Italian the saying is predated elsewhere).
I think the reason it's so appealing here is the contrast between "something that should be obvious to EconLog readers," with what is in English a very obscure saying.
Weren't the "conservatives" that Hayek had in mind the ancien regime conservatives of Europe? That's rather different from the conservatism in America. A good article still, but I wonder to what extent Hayek's article can be mapped on to modern, mainstream American conservatives.
liberal: 'open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values'
conservative: 'holding to traditional attitudes and values'
Just seems a little difficult to not see/use [current blue system] as 'traditional values' when the age of 'progressive+liberal' laws being defended is significantly older(50+) than the median age(usa:36.8), thus most of the population growing up with them as status quo.
post 60s 'revolutions' it seems that the 'traditional' changed, however still have people (and many quotes) that grew up previous'traditions'.
Making the current discourse and labels seem more confusing and nostalgic than informative in many cases.
@John-replace "conservative" with "establishment Republican" and suddenly what Hayek is saying is more recognizable.
Think of the fact that Paul Ryan, for example, speaks often of trying to save Medicare. If that's not the kind of "conservatism" Hayek had in mind, I'm not sure what is.
By contrast, what I consider "conservative" is much more radical. You could accuse me of being averse to change but it wouldn't make any sense.
Perhaps that is true of yourself, as well? I don't know.
Nov 7 2014 at 2:33pm
It seems to me that your observation is an important one: voters have preferences, but some are more important. In particular, some issues are deal-breakers: if a candidate endorses a particular policy rule, there are voters who will not vote for that candidate, regardless of other policy issues.
I know plenty of people, mostly higher-income, who think the Republicans are closer to right on economic issues, but who simply will not vote for a Republican who advocates abortion restrictions/prohibition, or advocates opposition to gay marriage, or advocates requiring schools to teach intelligent design.
These are mostly moral/religious issues, I notice.
Democrats also have their moral/religious issues, but for some reason these are less objectionable to my centrist-libertarian friends. I'm not sure why, but I believe they perceive Republicans' moral issues as more mean-spirited and anti-progress, regressivist. I'm not saying that's right; I'm saying it's what they perceive.
Educated, high-income people apparently need to see themselves as supporters of the future, and as generous of spirit. They seem to encounter more deal-breaker positions on the Republican side than on the Democratic side, despite often being skeptical – at the very least – about leftist economics, the "war on women", global warming, racial preferences, etc., etc. But, these issues are not deal breakers; mean-spirited and anti-progress-reactionary positions apparently are.
James, you write:
"If someone believes his moral convictions are correct (that is, if he believes his beliefs) what reason would there be to not consider those convictions when thinking about the laws a government should make? Should conservatives favor laws based on moral convictions other than their own, or on no moral convictions, or what?"
Thus, you present the argument for Sharia Law.
The conservative could consider other legal structures, with a narrower focus than the entire breadth of his morality. Some morals exist to facilitate peaceful, consensual interactions between individuals; while others exist for the advancement of a person's soul.
It has been known, for some time, that the latter types of morals – personal morals – vary from person to person: the very morals that bless one soul are poison to another. One holy man may embrace celibacy as central to his faith; another, equally, may embrace family. Both are right, and by embracing their faiths, neither imposes much on the other. No law is necessary – or desirable – to require either to adopt the personal morals of the other.
Conservative legal tradition has long recognized that minimal laws, focusing on the facilitation of peaceful, consensual transactions, are effective, very widely supported, and relatively unlikely to create problems; while those based in personal morality offer little benefit, and much trouble. This observation is the origin of ancient sayings, including "live and let live" and "do not do unto others, what you would not wish them to do unto you".
And that's one conservative reason not to advocate Sharia Law.
Were you responding to someone else? Your comment was addressed to me but is a non-sequitur.
Hi James,
I was responding to the posting of 11:48 am, second paragraph, from the second sentence.
I don't want Republican to just not pump taxpayer money into green initiatives, but to tax the externality that justifies a subsidy for green initiatives and eliminate subsidies not only for green initiatives but for ethanol, crop supports, and inland waterway transportation. Reform ACA to remove subsidies and tax preferences for employer transacted health insurance and have everyone (including those Medicaid eligible) buy insurance in the exchanges And replace income with consumption taxes. They could insist that agencies apply cost benefit analysis to new (and in time to existing) government regulations Or what about, at the state level, reducing the powers of municipalities to restrict residential and commercial density. All of these would attract liberals.
Basically, they need to be pro-growth, not pro "business." Don't hold your breath.
"His appeal can so be summarized: be libertarian, not conservative."
Had his side done the same, they would have not suffered the losses they have. The defining attribute to progressivism is hypocrisy.
John T. Kennedy
"Hayek complained that conservatives insist that government should enlist their own moral convictions as a basis for law."
Whereas Sunnstein thinks law should be based on moral convictions he *doesn't* hold?
COLLECTION: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS
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Utah State University - » Residential zoning needs sharper teeth, N. Logan residents say
Residential zoning needs sharper teeth, N. Logan residents say
February 4th, 2010 Posted in Opinion
By Kate Clark
NORTH LOGAN–Few citizens showed up for the public hearing at Wednesday's City Council meeting, but the concerns they expressed made an impact on the suggested changes to commercial and industrial zones in North Logan.
Cliff Cahoon expressed his disapproval of the industrial building built in his residential neighborhood on Skyline Drive and 1410 East.
"This industrial building affected our neighborhood hugely and negatively," Cahoon told the council. "If you think that was a good idea now, I'd be surprised."
Councilman Kevin Dustin agreed. "We've got to change whatever we've got to change to make sure this doesn't happen again."
Dirk and Laura Opperman, also North Logan residents, discussed their concern about the height of their neighbor's accessory dwelling that stands over 20 feet tall and disrupts their fence. Dirk suggested to the council that height restrictions on accessory dwellings start at a more conservative number, right now they have to be less than 35 feet, and for the council to look at individual projects accordingly.
"What you're dealing with here is taste," city planning director Cordell Batt said. "They meet every single ordinance we've had for the past eight years. I don't know how you can put taste into an ordinance."
Dustin disagreed. "I realize you can't give him a simple answer, but this is not right."
To discuss these issues further, the council did not accept or deny the proposed land-use ordinance. It will be decided at the next city council meeting on Feb. 17.
The council also discussed and approved the proposed budget for 2010.
Resident Lydia Embry voiced several concerns with the budget involving wages and bonuses, but the budget remained as printed.
Possible projects funded by RAPZ tax for the coming year were also considered. The projects proposed renovations to Meadow View Park; either a new centennial building would be built, or a paved path would be constructed around the park.
The current centennial building can hold 72 people and is closed to the public. It would be replaced by an open pavilion that could hold up to 160 people, and would be available for rent and other uses. The total cost for this renovation would be $110,000. The paved path around the park would accommodate people with disabilities and would provide a great jogging trail, costing roughly $71,950.
Both projects would increase usage of the park, and are being considered as projects for the coming year.
Tags: city council, North Logan, public hearing, zoning changes

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Unclutter is a unique take on a drag and drop shelf app that includes a scratch pad, and simple clipboard manager. I have used Unclutter for some time as a shelf for holding transit items. It helps me avoid dumping loads of junk on my desktop. Unclutter a little different to Yoink or Dropshelf in that the shelf pulls down like a curtain from the top of the screen, but the concept is much the same. The notepad and clipboard manager make Unclutter a useful utility for anybody, but I have found a specific use case for it as a macOS screen shot manager.
For a while I used a handy little menu bar app call Shotty to manage screenshots. Unfortunately, Shotty's user interface is small, so I find it isn't ideal on the big screen of an iMac. The difference, depending on how you set it up, is Unclutter can stretch the whole way across the top of your screen. The display options can be set so that screen shots will display in an ad hoc gallery, making it easier to work with the images as you write.
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Set the storage location for your screen shots in the Unclutter preferences.
Once you know the file path for files in Unclutter, you need to make sure your screenshots are going to end up there automatically. There are a couple of simple ways to do that.
The first option is to change the default location for screenshots via terminal. Open a Terminal window and enter the following, then press enter. Obviously, you will change the file path to match where your Unclutter files are, or you can copy and paste if you have it setup with DropBox.
Once you have set the location, you have to run the following command to reset the process that manages screen shots in macOS.
I prefer to set up a Hazel rule for this for a few different reasons. First, it makes it easier to switch it on and off if necessary, or if I want to change the location. The second reason has a touch of irony given the apps name is Unclutter, it is easy to accumulate a lot of old screenshots. They're not as readily visible as on the desktop, so having Hazel come in and clean them up is helpful.
There are more tricks here if you need them too. If you want to archive particular shots and delete others you can add conditional tags with hazel, or even go by the name. My workflow for uploading shots to WordPress from my Mac includes using quicklook to rename files with a Text Expander snippet. Once they are renamed, Hazel will grab them again and run an Automator action that prepares them for this site.
MacPaw describes the Setapp platform as the Netflix for Mac apps, the analogy almost works. It's unlikely you haven't heard of it yet, but I have written about it a few times. There are numerous useful utilities, like Unclutter, included with a subscription. They add a lot of value to the heavy hitters like Ulysses, 2Do, and Marked. They have well over 100 apps now, and with the education discount a subscription will cost you five bucks a month.
Picking up where I left off with the first Mac automation post; we covered some of the more well known Automation utilities on macOS in Text Expander, Automator, and Hazel. To be fair, at least one of the areas I cover this time around is likewise pretty well known, but I also want to highlight a couple of unique utilities that qualify as automation tools. These tools have both explicit and implicit utility for study, research, or indeed any academic related workflows. As with all such suggestions, the limit to what you can do with this kind of software will be somewhere between what you can dream up, and how much time you are willing (or able) to sink into them.
A lot of Mac nerds would argue that a Launcher is the purist's starting point for workflow automation. If you want to keep your hands on the keyboard, then using a launcher is essential. Spotlight has developed well beyond its basic search capabilities in the past few years to the point where, although still relatively basic, it is much more than a mere search engine and application launcher nowadays. What's more, Spotlight comes baked right into macOS, so a lot of people will find that hitting command (⌘) space will allow you to do a lot more with the keyboard than you realised.
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Both LaunchBar and Alfred are limitlessly extensible; LaunchBar with Actions and Alfred with Workflows. It is difficult to say how one might choose between them , but you may find the keystrokes for one, or the other, more intuitive for the way you work. Other than that admittedly abstract and vague selection criteria , it is fair to say the user community around Alfred appears much more engaged and accessible. Both the official site and forum, and the unofficial Packal site, are loaded with workflows, advice and friendly automation ninjas willing to help you down a rabbit hole, or back out of one.
Again, I use Alfred for all kinds of things. The screenshot of my workflows is only part of the picture. Searching my Papers library, converting documents with Pandoc, searching my Pinboard bookmarks, making currency conversions, task management input, natural-language entry of calendar events, time-stamping notes, Image Optimisation, file management. Alfred is an onion, and in reality I have barely peeled back the first layer. There is a built-in clipboard manager, and text-expander style snippet function. Anything that you can automate via scripting can be triggered via a launcher like Alfred or LaunchBar, which means they capable of all kinds of complicated tasks. As a bonus, they can manage the simple things too, I even lock, logoff and shutdown my Mac with Alfred – and Alfred also has an iOS remote app that allows me to control my Mac from my iPhone or iPad.
Dropzone is another extensible utility that can thread automation actions into your workflow. Another example of an app that is incredibly useful even in its most basic use cases, or can be bent to one's will with a little ingenuity. The basic premise is very simple, Dropzone is a menu bar app that extends the drag and drop capabilities of your Mac, it houses destinations and automation actions on the 'drop zone'. You can use it to hold, copy or move files between apps , configure it to upload files to cloud services or an FTP server, or social media sites. The real power of the app lies in the customisable actions – I have scripts for renaming files, stripping formatting from text, making animated GIFs, shortening URLs, and so on – but Dropzone also makes for an excellent conduit to other parts of your system. For example, as part of my workflow for posting images to this site I will take a screen shot and drag it to the images folder configured in Dropzone, from there Hazel will invoke an Automator workflow  to resize the image, then pass the file to ImageOptim for compression and removal of personal metadata. I could easily automate the whole process, but I don't want every single screenshot I take sent to the same place, so Dropzone allows me to have a little more control over the file picking.


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Council says High Wycombe's old RAF club can't be turned into 'overbearing' flats
High Wycombe's RAFA Club has been empty since 2018
The former RAF Association "RAFA" Club, on Totteridge Road, High Wycombe (Image: Google)
Plans to convert an empty former social club into new flats have been refused for causing 'harm' to the local area. Buckinghamshire Council has rejected a bid to change the use of the old RAF Association "RAFA" Club, on Totteridge Road, in High Wycombe.
The plans, submitted March 2021, involved the conversion of the club to seven one-bed flats. The partly retrospective application also included a new detached single-storey community building.
Active Development Services also applied for a two-storey extension, and roof alterations. Four parking spaces were proposed.
Read more: Meet the Penn man aiming for a second shot at TV fame with his unique converted Boeing 737
It is understood the club stopped running in late 2018, after which it was eventually sold at private auction. "The application site is a former RAF Association Club which has been disused and vacant for a number of years," a report states.
But Bucks Council said the former club is a designated asset of community value and that there is "insufficient evidence" the new "smaller" community facility would off-set the loss. Work already undertaken on site is "unduly dominant", it said, and that overall, it is an "overdevelopment".
It also described the extension as "overbearing", causing "loss of privacy" to neighbours. Cllr Tony Green agreed: "The residential development is overbearing and overlooks the neighbouring properties", he said. It is overdevelopment of the site and should be refused."
While neighbour, Mr Sajad Hussain, had concerns about security and possible overshadowing. "This proposal worries me immensely for my…welfare and the security of my property," he said.
"Access to the building is through the shared access road and directly past my front and back doors. In addition, the community building proposal will also create a shadow and less light into my property and garden."
"The existing building is a designated asset of community value," said the council. "No [Community Needs Assessment (CNA)] has been submitted.
"Whilst a replacement community facility has been included…insufficient evidence has been submitted to demonstrate that the new building, which is smaller in scale than the existing facility, would off-set the loss of the existing asset of community value." It added: "The works already undertaken have resulted in unduly dominant additions to the existing building.
"The overall proposal would represent an overdevelopment of the site. As such, the development would appear incongruous and be harmful to the character and appearance of the area.
"Moreover, the introduction of a new community building would further increase activity on site, which in combination with the use of the flats, would create noise and disturbance for the neighbouring residents."
Stoke Mandeville Hospital car parks set for overhaul
Milton Keynes stabbing by armed gang next to Greenleys local centre leads to four teenagers from the town and Blethchley being arrested


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Q: How to set File's Owner to a custom UITabelViewCell loaded from nib? I have a custom UITableViewCell loaded from a xib file and instantiated with a view controller as its owner:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    ...
    UINib *templateCellNib = [UINib nibWithNibName:@"TableViewCell" bundle:nil];
    UITableViewCell *_templateCell = [[templateCellNib instantiateWithOwner:self options:nil] firstObject];
    [self.tableView registerNib:templateCellNib forCellReuseIdentifier:_templateCell.reuseIdentifier];
}

Everything works fine, but File's Owner is null so I can't get access to my view controller from the inside of TableViewCell implementation:
@interface TableViewCell ()

// File's Owner placeholder outlet
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet TableViewController *fileOwner;

@end

- (void)setUpCell {
    ...
    NSLog(@"File's Owner: %@", self.fileOwner); // outputs "File's Owner: (null)"
}

@end

Why is the File's Owner property not set? And is there any way to wire up a view controller to the TableViewCell nib?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Where do we go from here? New research and studies suggest next steps for fighting COVID-19
On 04/01/2020 By Kevin Schofield In public health
We're no longer talking about whether to lock down to fight the COVID-19 outbreak; that ship has sailed. Now we're discussing how long we need to sustain the lockdown, and when we might get to see our friends, co-workers and family again. Five newly-released research and study papers provide important insights into the answer.
Two off-the-beaten-path research papers on the coronavirus, with interesting results
There have been a flood of research papers released in the last few days related to coronavirus as the world's researchers try to understand where this virus came from and what it does. Much of the work is either clinical to understand how to properly diagnose and treat patients, or epidemiological to understand (and hopefully control) how it spreads. But there are many other research teams exploring other aspects of the coronavirus; here are two such examples, with interesting results. One looks at whether there is reason to believe that at least some COVID patients lose their sense of smell; …
New coronavirus research sheds light on outcomes for patients, effectiveness of efforts to slow spread
Over the weekend, a research group led by a team at Imperial College in the UK published a paper looking at the effectiveness of various efforts taken by governments to stem the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. It has been credited with convincing UK and US government officials to get serious about moving quickly and decisively — but it also points to the rough road ahead of us.
A trio of COVID-19 response announcements from the city (UPDATED 3/18)
On 03/17/2020 By Kevin Schofield In homeless, public health, transportation
Today the City of Seattle made three separate announcements of actions it is taking as part of its response to the COVID-19 outbreak. (UPDATE 3/18 — see below on encampment cleanups)
Notes from today's Council meeting
On 03/16/2020 By Kevin Schofield In council briefing, full council, public health
This week the City Council meeting switched from Skype to a good old-fashioned conference call, featuring automated announcements every time someone entered or dropped the call and plenty of background chatter as the Council members called in from home. And yet they still managed to get a few things done.
Seattle Municipal Court, City Attorney's Office closed due to COVID-19 exposure
Both the Seattle Municipal Court and The Seattle City Attorney's Office announced today that they will be closed to business March 16 through 20 due to employees testing positive for COVID-19.
Wednesday news roundup
On 03/04/2020 By Kevin Schofield In news
Lots of news on the local impact of the coronavirus.
What we know now about the coronavirus, and the response
A lot has happened in the six weeks since I first posted on the Wuhan coronavirus, now called COVID-19. In mid-January there were a handful of cases, not a lot of data, and almost no cases outside of one province in China. All three of those situations have changed somewhat, and with several confirmed cases and (as of this writing) six deaths in Washington state, it's worth pausing for a moment and taking a hard look at what we know now.


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HomeNews & MediaNewsDonation from onetime Quonset-hut resident supports 21st century student housing
Reflections Magazine
Yale University News
tom.krattenmaker@yale.edu
Donation from onetime Quonset-hut resident supports 21st century student housing
By Pressley Peters
The Rev. James K. Donnell '58 B.D., a retired Presbyterian minister from Pennsylvania, had such confidence in his alma mater that he contributed over $1 million toward its greatest needs.
Upon deciding to make a lead gift to the School, Rev. Donnell asked Dean Greg Sterling how his funds might be directed to bring the maximum benefit. Sterling suggested he dedicate the gift to the Living Village, which is expected to be the largest living-building residential complex in the world at completion.
The idea struck a chord with Donnell in large part because of the unique residential experience he and his wife had while he studied at YDS more than a half-century ago.
Like many veterans following World War II and the Korean War, the Donnells resided in Quonset huts—round-top structures set in rows, constructed of prefabricated steel. The U.S. government had used them as housing during wartime, and when enrollment at colleges and universities swelled under the GI Bill, Yale and other colleges took advantage of the temporary structures to house students. At Yale, where veterans came in large numbers post-war, many with wives and children, the huts remained on campus into the 1960s.
Yale's post-war Quonset huts: Read more.
The Donnells first lived in downtown New Haven—his classes at YDS were "just up the hill," as Donnell says—and later, with their firstborn, farther away in the Quonset hut rows facing the Yale Bowl. He has fond memories of living in a Quonset hut in a community with people of many ages and backgrounds.
Donnell said of the experience, "You could really broaden your horizons by meeting people who were studying many different things. It was a neat aspect of that post-war time." Rev. Donnell's wife taught at the Gesell Institute of Child Development, and one of her students described the Quonset hut as "half a sewer pipe." He laughs at the memory, but says compared to most dormitory facilities, "they were pretty neat. We enjoyed that time. It was an exciting area to live in."
The Living Village will mimic the Quonset huts only in that it will unite learning and living with a diversity of people. Not unlike post-war times, the YDS student body of today includes people of diverse ages. In 2020, the youngest of YDS graduates was 23 years old, and the oldest 84.
Rev. Donnell, a longtime supporter of student scholarships through his decades of giving to the YDS Annual Fund, appreciates the quality of the faculty who helped him prepare for his career. "Yale provided me with fine education and basis for my ministry," he says.
Post-graduation, Donnell served Presbyterian Churches in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and later was an Associate Executive at the Pittsburgh Presbytery. Donnell grew up in Iowa and earned an undergraduate degree from Princeton, where he was a member of the Navy ROTC. He was also a member of a national championship rowing team, an experience that culminated at the Henley Royal Regatta in England. He joined the Navy as paymaster before marrying and enrolling at YDS.
Community in a sustainable setting
YDS's future housing will be very different from a Quonset hut. The 127,000 square-foot Living Village will get its water from on-site rainfall and capture energy from the sun. Students will learn how to live sustainably, helping operate the village and serving as guides in sustainable living for the many expected visitors. Once all phases are completed, the Living Village will house 155 students at below-market rental rates, helping enhance the spirit of community while providing financial relief
Building communities of the future: Learn more about the YDS Living Village project
"We are grateful to Rev. Donnell for his generosity and for his gift toward our most pressing needs of student housing and scholarship," said Dean Sterling. "In this way, he supports the students of today in the classroom and the students of tomorrow in how and where they will live in proximity on our campus."
For more information on giving to the Living Village, email Barbara Sabia, Senior Director of Alumni Engagement and Development, at barbara.sabia@yale.edu.


Twitch Streamers Don't Play Video Games for a Living. They Talk.
Game streaming was never about the action. It's about a conversation.
You've heard of Twitch, the video game streaming site acquired by Amazon in August of 2014 for nearly $1 billion, but you probably — just the balance of probabilities, folks — haven't heard of LegendofLorie. Lorie, who prefers to keep her alter ego out of it, is growing a massive audience on the platform one sword fight at a time.
As anyone who was ever twelve could tell you, watching a friend play video games is boring. Watching a friend play video games with another friend is not. This is what would-be Twitchers need to keep in mind. It's all about entertainment and community. Good isn't really good enough — or even that relevant.
But communities don't simply congeal. Lorie had to invent one and she decided to have it orbit the idea of a "Legend Club." She made sure to make her broadcasts chatty and became hyper interactive. She talks to people at outrageous speed.
Lorie is about energy because that's what she's like, what works for her. But being super outgoing is not a prerequisite for success. Just ask Hotsammysliz, otherwise known as Samuel, who started building a following all the way back on Twitch's parent site, Justin.tv.
Samuel just has more friends now.
"I guess one of the best ways I could try to describe my community is that we are all hanging out on the couch playing games," says Samuel, who now sits at the center of a community that comes together six days a week to watch Samuel play Monster Hunter and other games on his PC, WiiU, and Nintendo 3DS.
Both Lorie and Samuel are just two of thousands who broadcast daily on Twitch. They are more successful than most, but they got there earlier than most. Still, it's not too late to start playing video games all day as long as you remember that you're not playing for a living. You're talking.


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Fifa 22 🟢
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You'll be able to shoot without breaking stride to maximize power and distance, with more options to unleash more realistic shots.
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Increased stringency of matchday decisions; more red and yellow cards.
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The new Pro Clubs mode challenges players to prove themselves as managers of their own flagship club – an expansion of EA's successful Pro Clubs mode.
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Soccer's defining feature is that it comes with the capacity to be played from start to finish at a high-level. Any ambitions players have can be achieved by training hard, making the most of their individual attributes and pushing on. This Career Mode will show you exactly how it's done.
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Take control of your career by using the game's unique editing tools. For the first time, in Career Mode you'll be able to edit your player to change what you look like, or alter your body frame to make your physical characteristics more suitable for your position. Use the new Player Performance System (PPS) to improve your players, while the new Stats & Dribbling editors will help you make the most of your players' most valuable attributes. To cap it all off, you'll also get access to the most comprehensive set of performance-related tools ever created in a sports game, giving you every tool you need to build
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FIFA, FIFA World Cup™, FIFA World Player of the Year™, FIFA Women's World Cup™ and FIFA Confederations Cup are trademarks or registered trademarks of Electronic Arts Inc. or its subsidiaries.
In any case, FIFA is a global phenomenon with a long history of celebrating some of the world's biggest sporting events like the FIFA World Cup™. The next FIFA World Cup™ takes place in the U.S., Russia, Brazil, Canada and Mexico.Q:
Dynamic loading of modules or libraries for specific usage?
I'm designing a program using OpenGL and a couple others, and I'm wondering if it would be better to simply download a binary that includes all the necessary files as it's needed to use the program, or should I dynamically load libraries as needed.
For example, I would normally get the binaries like this:
I'm wondering whether it would be better to simply load the libraries as required or should I preload them statically.
If it's difficult to answer, then perhaps there is an example binary that does one method and one another so I can see how they compare?
Every potential user of your code will have his own system.
But you're a programmer, and you have quite a bit of experience. You know what is relevant to your code and what isn't.
You can (and should) pre-load and cache those resources.
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must be accorded the same rights and privileges as the rest of us. And
because they are members of a persecuted and threatened minority, they
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the government and from private citizens.
of America has historically provided the framework for a just society
based on freedom and justice. The American Constitution cannot be the
source of a legal system which denies
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Cap and Trader Demands Carbon Derivatives Bubble
Thread: Cap and Trader Demands Carbon Derivatives Bubble
Kurt Nimmo
In The Guardian, Nicholas Stern argues for poverty, misery, and the latest bankster scam. He says the "rich countries" not only have to reduce emissions significantly but also tax their not-so rich populations and give the money to developing countries. Current efforts to reduce carbon emissions are not enough, according to Stern. "By 2050, the global population is projected to rise to 9 billion, so average per head emissions will have to be lower than 2 tonnes per year on average. For rich countries, this will require a cut in annual emissions by at least 80% by 2050," he writes.
Lord Stern, who is chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, says a reduction in carbon emissions can be realized through the operation of carbon markets. In other words, between now and 2050, the "rich countries" (or their populations anyway) will have their standards of living reduced significantly. They will be forced under international treaty to fork over $100 billion a year to developing nations.
Stern suggests "high-ambition" commitments, including a rollback of international shipping and aviation. He says a the transition to a low-carbon economy will "create a new era of prosperity and growth."
Lord Stern, who is chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, says a reduction in carbon emissions can be realized through the operation of carbon markets.
Carbon markets and trading are another bankster bubble scheme. "This system would create whole new classes of financial assets, which financial firms could securitize, derivatize, and speculate on," writes Eoin O'Carroll for The Christian Science Monitor. "Many critics are pointing out that this new market for carbon derivatives could, without effective oversight, usher in another Wall Street free-for-all just like the one that precipitated the implosion of the global economy."
Wall Street is already on the move. The Center for Public Integrity noted in February that banks have been sending climate change lobbyists to Washington in earnest and are attempting to get the American Clean Energy and Security Act rammed through Congress. It passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 219-212 in June. It now moves to the Senate.
The American Clean Energy and Security Act "is about profits, not environmental remediation," writes Stephen Lendman. "Its emissions reduction targets are so weak, they effectively license pollution by creating a new profit center to do it."
"Wall Street banks like Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan Chase, insurance companies like AIG and private equity firms had virtually no reps on Capitol Hill working on global warming policy in 2003; by last year, they had about 130 climate lobbyists, the Center for Public Integrity's analysis of Senate lobbying disclosure forms shows. About 20 additional lobbyists worked for firms and organizations wholly dedicated to carbon marketing last year," writes Marianne Lavelle.
It is estimated that the "carbon market" and its securitized, derivatized, and speculated financial assets will ultimately be worth trillions a year to Wall Street and the bankers. It will inflate a massive bubble designed to burst like all the bubbles that came before it. "If you think the housing and credit bubble diminished your financial security and your community, or the bailouts, or the rising gas prices did as well, hold on to your hat for what's coming. Carbon trading is gearing up to make the housing and derivative bubbles look like target practice," warns Catherine Austin Fitts.
"Carbon markets can and will be manipulated using the same Wall Street sleights of hand that brought us the financial crisis," notes Rep. James Sensenbrenner. Dennis Kuchinich cited Matt Taibbi's Rolling Stone article on the Goldman Sach's bubble machine. "Goldman Sachs has engineered every major market manipulation since the Great Depression — and they are about to do it again."
Goldman Sachs is confident Obama and Congress will pass cap and trade legislation. On October 12, The New York Times reported that Goldman Sachs has completed a $12 million carbon offsets transaction, described as "the largest deal of its kind in the United States." The "transaction reflects growing confidence in a regulated carbon market in the United States, even though the concept is still the subject of much debate in Congress," according to the newspaper.
Finally, Lord Stern is hardly a neutral observer merely concerned with climate change and the fate of the planet. On June 16, 2008, Dow Jones Financial News Online announced that Stern "is set to launch a rating service for carbon credits in an attempt to boost investment in the nascent market."
In the following video, Stern explains the carbon market scheme:
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The AP's Doug Ferguson wrote a good story about Geoff Ogilvy, who won the Accenture Match Play Championship last week (he also won it in 2006) and has won three times in his last seven outings.
After not "getting the results he expected his first four years on the PGA Tour," Ogilvy changed the way he manages his emotions on the golf course so they're not "dragging him down."
As Ferguson writes, for Ogilvy, "the trick was learning to like himself on the course."
Ogilvy says he gradually went from being "not very nice to myself on the golf course to being quite nice to myself on the golf course."
"Being negative on a golf course is a habit. You hit a shot and complain about it, and that's just the way you play golf. It takes a while to change that."


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Home Podcasts
Welcome to Making a living – the podcast!
I've heard from many of you via my Facebook radio page that you appreciate the positive encouragement I deliver on air. Here it is in purest & simplest form! SUBSCRIBE via iTunes, Stitcher or on your smartphone podcast app.
Have fun following your dreams! Listen in for advice & inspiration via podcast. It's Career Happy Hour! Here's a sample: Attitude Adjustments & More Strategies to Love Your Job.
Overcoming Limiting Beliefs and Self-Doubt
If fears and doubts are holding you back from pursuing your dream job, listen in to the inspiring success story of Janet Nestor. Co-author of the new book Revolutionize Your Health: How to Take Back Your Body's Power to Heal,…
Read More/Listen→
How to Do a Year-End Review and Rev-Up Your Career for the New Year
As we close out the year, I wanted to support you in ending on a high note because good endings make good beginnings. As a friend said, this is a great time re-center and focus on positive energy going into…
Your Dreams Aren't As Crazy As You Think
Have a dream job or idea you've been wanting to go for but think it's crazy? Lots of crazy ideas have become successful businesses or led people to successful careers. In this episode, hear the real life example of Karen…
The future can be scary or it can be exciting. It's all about how you look at it and how you prepare for it. In this episode you'll hear from Alexandra Levit, author of the recently released Humanity Works: Merging…
Moving on From a Job That's Not a Good Fit
In a job or career that's not a great fit? Feeling lost when looking for a new job? Has your job been a means to a paycheck and joy has been lacking? In this episode you'll hear the career change…
Make Listening One of Your Most Powerful and Effective Skills
Sure you've developed new skills in your life and career but have you ever focused on how to listen? Listening can be one of most powerful ways to connect with others, build relationships and get great results. That's why in…
Join The Purpose Revolution To Gain Meaning & Competitive Advantage
Many of us want to focus on our life purpose and have more meaning in our careers but we just don't know where to start. Listen to this episode and hear insights from Dr. John Izzo from his new book…
How To Finish Strong in Work and Life (including Bonus Tip on Creating Your Work Life Balance)
You can start a job but can you finish it successfully? To sustain a stable and fulfilling career, you need to be able to finish strong. Learn the secrets to performing well consistently on the job by hearing lessons from…
How to Stand Up For Yourself at Work (with Bonus content on How To Soul Search Into Your Ideal Career)
Do you feel you're getting pushed around at work? Is too much is being asked of you? Are you not feeling supported? The universe conspires to help us and these challenges are an opportunity to stand up and assert yourself. …
How to Get the Most Job Security
If you're feeling your job isn't secure and that the career/job you want just isn't possible, listen in. On this episode you'll learn about a quietly growing trend in the workplace that offers opportunity when you know how to take…


Microsoft Edge browser in Windows 10 is powered by Bing as its default search engine. If you want to change the default search engine in Microsoft edge browser. Then just follow this article.
You can easily make Google default search engine. Not only Google search engine you can make any search engine available on the internet like Bing, Yahoo etc. as your default search engine and homepage by following the exact same steps given in this guide.
Windows Edge browser gives you the flexibility to modify the Microsoft Edge start page "Where To Next?" which is an address bar and a default search engine.
Also, It will give you a broader sense to set and choose the default web page or website when you launch the Microsoft Edge browser in Windows 10. In this guide, we will learn both the ways.
Windows Edge browser is very candid and convenient to use. Your queries will search in the Bing search engine as it is a default search engine in Microsoft Edge.
You may still want to keep Bing search engine as default search engine in Microsoft Edge browser because it is also one of the best search engines on the internet.
If you want the "Where To Next?" search box to search your queries using Google search engine and want to make Google default search engine in Microsoft Edge, Please follow the below steps.
How To Make Google My Default Search Engine?
Open the Windows Edge browser by clicking the pre-pinned Edge browser on your taskbar. Or Click Start Menu and locate Edge browser.
Which will show you the "Where to Next?" search bar and some news feed by Microsoft Edge browser.
Try searching something in the search bar and hit enter. You will be redirected to the Bing search result because bing is default search engine in Microsoft Edge.
Now, If we want Microsoft Edge browser to search your queries in Google by using the "Where To Next?" search bar and you want to change the default search engine in Microsoft Edge then it will be done through Microsoft Edge Settings.
In very few clicks, you will get Google search engine instead of Bing search engine. Let us see how we will do it in a few simple steps.
Note: In this article, we are taking Google search engine as an example. The steps can be implemented for other search engines.
then follow the same steps.
Step 1: On the top right corner of the Microsoft Edge browser click on the "Three Dots". A mini window will appear under that. Click on the "Settings" at the bottom of the window.
Step 2: Now you will see "Open With". Make sure "Open With" should be set to "Start Page" as shown below.
Step 3: After this scroll down. When you keep scrolling down you will see the "View Advanced Settings" Option. Just click on it as shown in below screenshot.
Step 4: Now, In "View Advanced Settings" you will see many options but you have to select "Change" button under "Search in the address bar with" as shown below.
Step 5: In the next screen you will see a list of search engines and websites. If your desired search engine is already listed here, then you can click on it and then click "Set As Default" to change the default search engine in Microsoft edge.
Make Search From The Address Bar Or From The new Tab Page. You can now type your query in the edge browser address bar in Windows 10 and hit enter.
It will automatically search your queries in the newly set Google default search engine.
Do you want to search your query quickly in the Microsoft edge browser in Windows 10 with the "Shortcut" key?
If yes then just press Ctrl + T to open a new tab page or Ctrl + L to focus on the same current page and try your searches.
Step 1: Go to "Settings" and set the "Open With" option to "A Specific Page Or Pages" and select "Custom" from below drop down.
Step 2: Now in the next step after clicking "Custom" option you need to remove the other websites which are present by default in it. If you see it otherwise, you just need to put your site URL in the web address box. e.g., http://www.google.com and click on the "+" button to add it to your web address.
After this, you are all done. Now close edge browser and open it again. This time, you will see you have redirected to the Google's home page and not the "Bing" start page.
In this way, you make Google my homepage and search engine.
Note: After applying this option you will not be able to use the "Where To Next?" address bar.
So now you have learned how to change the default search engine in Microsoft edge and make Google default search engine.


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China is more dangerous to world peace-Markandey Katju
The Kashmiri separatist militancy Burhan Wani, who was killed recently, is being hailed as a hero by many people. But I regard him as only a pawn who was being used by some people. But which people ? Some say it was the Pakistanis, but in my opinion it was the Chinese. So let me explain my views. The separatist Kashmiri militants are obviously getting arms, supplies and other kinds of help from some government. Arms and supplies do not fall from the sky. The question is which government ? Now here we have to rely on some conjecture. We obviously will not get direct proof. But we can draw logical inferences and put two and two together. After all, apart from direct evidence there is also circumstantial evidence. Pakistan had earlier allied itself to America, but after Modi took India firmly into the American camp, Pakistan had to seek a new sponsor. The only second super power in the world today after the collapse of the Soviet Union is China, and so now Pakistan has allied itself to China. Today the established super power of the world, USA, and the rising super power, China, are on a collision course, as is evident from their disputes over the South China Sea, etc. The question is : who will control South Asia, with its markets, raw materials and cheap labour ? Politics is concentrated economics, and so to understand politics, we must go behind it and see the real economic forces at work. After years of economic growth, China has gone down from being the world's chief growth engine to becoming its biggest risk factor. While the Chinese still claim a growth rate of 6% in their GDP, more reliable sources say that the real growth rate is about 3%---a far cry from the double digit figures of growth of the Chinese economy for over a decade. So to relieve their distress, China desparately need more markets for their goods, and cheap raw materials to lower their cost of production. Of the two super powers, China is more dangerous to world peace. A rising super power is always more aggressive and expansionist, than an established one. For example, Hitler Germany, being a rising super power in the 1930s and 1940s, was more dangerous than the Western powers. Today, China has a huge foreign exchange reserve, estimated at 3.23 trillion dollars in January 2016. This is a huge amount of hot money, hungrily looking for investment opportunities, markets to infiltrate and capture, and cheap raw materials, and indeed it has grabbed many in Asia and Africa, including some in India. So the victim of imperialism upto 1949 has itself become an imperialist now. The dispute between USA, which is facing a recession, and China, whose economy has slowed down considerably, for control over South Asia, is now spilling over into India and Pakistan. Modi has taken India firmly into the American camp. His recent visit to USA is only a culmination of the process started earlier. So China is making its own counter moves. It is dominating Nepal, has come closer to Pakistan, and is arming the anti-Indian insurgency in Kashmir and the North East, in an attempt to carve out of India an area of its own influence and control. Earlier, Pakistan was under the grip of Americans. But now that Modi has taken India firmly into the American camp, the Pakistanis, too, must find a new master, and the Chinese have decided to take a grip over Pakistan. The Chinese-Pakistani trade, which was only of a few hundred million dollars a year upto the year 2000, has gone upto 16 billion dollars last year ( though heavily tilted in China's favour ).This was no doubt facilitated by the Free Trade Agreement between China and Pakistan which came into effect in January 2007. Also, today 47% of all Chinese international arms sales are to Pakistan. In April 20, 2015, China's President Xi Jinping visited Pakistan in what the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif self-flatteringly called a "historic occasion". During this visit, Xi announced the Chinese plans to invest 46 billion US dollars in Pakistan's transport and energy infrastructure, including the construction of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) that will connect Kashgar in China's Xinjiang region with Gwadar Port in Balochistan over the next 15 years. Since that announcement, several high-level Chinese government officials and top executives of several Chinese companies, have visited Pakistan, and have shown keen interest in setting up Chinese industries in Pakistan. The militants who keep committing terrorist acts in Kashmir, are obviously getting arms from some power. The only logical inference is that they are getting them from China, via Pakistan. Similarly, the militants in the North East appear to be getting arms from China. It is evident that China is on an expansionist path, as Japan was in the 1930s and 40s. But America too has its economic interests in South Asia to safeguard. So a collision is inevitable. Of course,the Americans and Chinese will not fight each other themselves. They are both nuclear powers, and have too much invested in each other's economies for that. But there is nothing to stop them fighting proxy wars, which they will. And India ( and Pakistan ) are directly in the frontline. I therefore have strong reasons to believe that the Kashmiri militancy is being covertly sponsored by China, though via Pakistan. Of course Burhan Wani and many other separatist Kashmiri militants may not be aware of this, but when does a pawn know of the man who really moves it ? Umar Khalid of the JNU has called Burhan Wani another Che Guevara. But Che had an idelogy ( which one may or may not agree with ). What was the ideology of Burhan ? Was it Islamic fundamentalism ? I have said in an earlier post that if azadi for Kashmir will result in raising the standard of living of the Kashmiri people I will support it . But the Kashmiri separatists never talk of this. They never discuss how azadi will result in raising the standard of living of the Kashmiri people. All they talk of is azadi. What they forget is that azadi can only be a means, not an end itself. The end must be raising the standard of living of the people, i.e. abolishing poverty, unemployment, malnourishment, corruption, price rise, lack of healthcare, etc
*Markandey Katju is former Supreme Court judge of India. He is a multidisciplinary scholar and thinker and public figure. The above one is his FB note. His views can also be read at http://justicekatju.blogspot.in
Labels: International Relations


Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert are adding a Nashville zip code to their address book!
In an exclusive interview with Taste of Country's Sam Alex, Lambert confirms that she and her equally famous husband have purchased a house in Music City.
The power couple are Oklahoma residents, and the 'Automatic' singer proclaims that they still plan to live there full time. However, Lambert says it made the most sense to buy something permanent in Nashville, considering how much time they spend in the country music capital.
But Lambert and Shelton may not get as much time in Nashville as they're hoping. With Shelton's coaching duties on NBC's 'The Voice,' the pair spends a lot of their time in Los Angeles, as well.
Despite all of their traveling, Lambert is thrilled to have a place in Nashville and hints that owning a home there means that neither she or Shelton are planning to take a break from music anytime soon.
"We're excited about it because we're here all the time and we'll always be here recording records and having something to do in Nashville," she concludes.
Music City welcomes Blake and Miranda with open arms!
Next: Remember the Moment Blake and Miranda Fell in Love?


The ultimate speed ride - upside down.
Step in as the pilot in your own plane and tighten your seat belt! 100 km/h and 360 degree turns. In Vertigo you feel everything from terrifying thrills to hilarious laughter. Even when the plane turns the cockpit facing directly towards the ground.
You experience 5 G in Vertigo, which means acceleration at five times the weight of gravity. You feel as if your body weighs five times its normal weight. Totally crazy.
The Golden Tower Not for the fainthearted!


Upon presenting a general practitioner (GP) with symptoms of depression, indicating that they are having a significant effect on day to day activities and have been present for a minimum of two weeks. The Doctor is most likely to prescribe a course of anti-depressant medication to help alleviate the symptoms.
Paxil or Prozac: Prozac is probably the most well known form of anti-depressant medication, both Paxil and Prozac are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) they work by increasing the levels of serotonin within the brain which is commonly referred to as the 'Feel Good' hormone.
Parnate or Nardil: Parnate and Nardil are antidepressant not as widely prescribed today as they were some years ago. These medications are Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). They block the Monoamine Oxidase receptor sites in the brain. This means that there are more noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters available to enhance mood.
Pamelor or Elavil: Pamelor or Elavil are two types of antidepressants known as Tricyclics their effects are more wide spread throughout the brain in comparison to other anti-depressant medication. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain which has a positive effect on mood.
There are a number of known side effects for each different type of anti-depressants.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors are widely regarded as the safest antidepressant available, however can cause emotional problems such as anxiety, decreased libido and in some cases sexual dysfunction, as well as fatigue and insomnia.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors have been found to be lethal is consumed with foods that contain tyramine such as some alcohol beverages, some fresh fish, yeast and large quantities of caffeine.
Finally, Tricyclics can cause unpleasant side effects including dizziness, constipation, fatigue, excessively dry mouth as well as more serious problems such as confusion, significantly increased heart rate and arrhythmia (irregular heartbeats). Other discrepancies arises over the efficiency of antidepressants. As the name suggests, these drugs are taken to alleviate symptoms of depression, however, there are some questions as to how well they do this. Anti-depressants, are taken to normalise brain chemical levels and functions within the brain with a particular emphasis on the role of serotonin. However, this is not believed to be the only cause of depression. Researchers, neuroscientists and doctors are not even entirely sure what normal levels of serotonin within the brain should be or what happens to these levels during an episode of depression. In addition to this, anti-depressant medication has not been found to cure depression indefinitely. Between 50 and 60 percent of anti-depressant users will relapse and meet the criteria for a subsequent episode of depression.
There are a number of other means of addressing depression such as Mindfulness Meditation and Symran (sound meditation) these treatments are non-toxic and allow the user to take control of their own well being rather than being dependent on a drug to feel good.


After her graphic design education and experience in NYC, Andrea's dream of venturing off as an independent designer was actualized in 2003. She now provides digital, marketing/advertising and print design services to corporations, organizations and creative agencies near and far.
Andrea is honored to serve as the VP of Graphic Design on the Board of Directors of AMA Pittsburgh, and she is grateful for local charitable organizations for which she also provides pro bono design services.
When she's not working or volunteering, Andrea enjoys swimming, crocheting, spending time with her creative husband, and being entertained by their adopted dog, Roxy.


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AXA Asia partners with Columbia University WHO Center for Global Mental Health to help companies protect employees' mental health during and post-COVID-19
By AXA Asia|2020-07-29T16:42:03+08:00June 16th, 2020|
With the pandemic's centre of gravity moving away from Asia, the region has begun to celebrate positive trends in the fight against COVID-19. A significant milestone has been for our colleagues across Asia to return to the office. As we approached this process, we recognised that the pandemic has also put renewed pressure on longstanding concerns over mind health, including in the workplace.
SVPHK Corporate Community Pledge to Promote Mental Well-being at Work
By Shared Value Initiative Hong Kong|2020-07-31T16:53:30+08:00October 9th, 2019|
On World Mental Health Day on 10 Oct. 2019, corporate Members of Shared Value Project Hong Kong (SVPHK) announced a collective pledge to improve mental well-being in their workplaces and reduce stigma on mental health topics in Hong Kong. Pledging Members include Accenture, AIA Hong Kong, AXA, Barclays, EY, Nestlé, Tricor Group and The Executive Centre, representing prominent businesses in Hong Kong from diverse industries and with large workforces and customer bases.
Gordon Watson: Celebrating Two Years of Accelerated Progress
By Gordon Watson|2020-11-17T12:28:11+08:00September 20th, 2019|
Global challenges are more apparent than ever. In an increasingly volatile, complex and uncertain environment it requires resilience for businesses to survive, let alone thrive. From every crisis, opportunities arise to innovate and a shared value culture opens up strategic possibilities and will differentiate an organization whilst simultaneously driving the next wave of innovation, productivity and economic growth.


"Our politicians have been in the business of giving us more of what we want — more education, more health care, more prisons, more pensions, more security, more entitlements. And yet — here is the paradox — we are not happy. Having overloaded the state with their demands, voters are furious that it works so badly. In America the federal government has less support than George III did at the time of the American Revolution: Just 17 percent of Americans say that they have confidence in the federal government, less than half of the 36 percent found in 1990 and a quarter of the 70 percent found in the 1960s. More people now identify themselves as independents than they do as Republicans and Democrats.
Author: Mark Grannis. This entry was posted in Liberty QOTD and tagged Adrian Wooldridge, Cato Policy Report, John Micklethwait, The Fourth Revolution.