text:
stated on December 5, 2015 in a speech at the Rising Tide Summit in Cedar Rapids, Iowa:
"The Democrats in the Senate last year introduced a constitutional amendment to repeal the free speech protections of the First Amendment."
Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz speaking during a campaign event in Newton, Iowa. (NYT)
By Jason Noble December 22, 2015
Ted Cruz overstates effect of proposed constitutional amendment
During a speech to a conservative crowd in Iowa this month, Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz leveled a heavy charge against his colleagues across the aisle in the U.S. Senate. Democrats, he said, attempted to eliminate Americans' right to free speech with a proposed constitutional amendment last fall.
"The Democrats in the Senate last year introduced a constitutional amendment to repeal the free speech protections of the First Amendment," Cruz told the audience at the Rising Tide Summit in Cedar Rapids.
Striking one of America's most cherished and fundamental rights would certainly represent a controversial and historic change to the U.S. Constitution. But is that what Senate Democrats actually attempted to do?
Cruz was referring to Senate Joint Resolution 19, a proposed amendment regarding campaign finance that Democrats pursued in the months leading up to the 2014 midterm elections.
The measure failed to clear a procedural hurdle in September 2014 and faced a long road to ratification even if it had advanced. As a constitutional amendment, it would've had to pass with two-thirds majorities in the House and Senate and then win approval from three-fourths of state legislatures across the country.
The text of the proposed amendment itself is pretty short and relatively straightforward. Here it is:
SECTION 1.To advance democratic self-government and political equality, and to protect the integrity of government and the electoral process, Congress and the States may regulate and set reasonable limits on the raising and spending of money by candidates and others to influence elections.
SECTION 2.Congress and the States shall have power to implement and enforce this article by appropriate legislation, and may distinguish between natural persons and corporations or other artificial entities created by law, including by prohibiting such entities from spending money to influence elections.
SECTION 3. Nothing in this article shall be construed to grant Congress or the States the power to abridge the freedom of the press.
Supporters say the measure is meant to overturn Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, a pair of Supreme Court decisions that have sharply weakened existing federal campaign finance laws.
It would do this by explicitly allowing Congress and the states to regulate and limit campaign fundraising and spending and to distinguish between "natural persons" and legal entities like corporations when regulating campaign spending. The text of the amendment makes no reference to freedom of speech or the First Amendment.
So how does it represent an attack on free speech?
The Cruz campaign referred us to a July 2014 op-ed Cruz wrote in the Washington Times. In it, the senator argues that political speech published or distributed by a corporation -- like an editorial from the New York Times or a skit on NBC's "Saturday Night Live" -- could be limited or banned by an act of Congress if the amendment were ratified.
In a previous fact check, we found a similar Cruz statement about jailing Lorne Michaels to be half-true.
U.S. Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, offered a similar critique as the measure was being debated last September.
"The proposed amendment would restrict the most important speech the First Amendment protects, core political speech," Politico quoted Grassley saying in a Sept. 11, 2014, story. "It's hard to imagine what would be more radical than the Congress passing a constitutional amendment to overturn a dozen Supreme Court decisions that have protected individual rights. Free speech would be dramatically curtailed."
But what do the experts say?
We checked in with a range of constitutional law scholars — including Cruz's old con-law prof at Harvard — who offered a range of views and interpretations. But while there is some scholarly disagreement on whether the proposed amendment threatens free speech, none of those surveyed shared Cruz's assertion that it would amount to outright repeal of free speech rights.
Several said Cruz has a point, but that he oversells it when he uses the term "repeal" with no caveats or qualifiers.
"There is no question it would be a partial repeal of the First Amendment as it has been interpreted by the Supreme Court since at least 1976," said Stanford Constitutional Law Center Director Michael W. McConnell. "Of course, some justices and academics disagree with many of the holdings of the court with respect to campaign finance, but this proposal would cut more deeply into First Amendment protections even than those dissenting justices have voted to permit."
University of Pennsylvania Law School Professor Kermit Roosevelt also described the proposed amendment as a "partial repeal" of constitutional speech protections.
"What Cruz says is mostly accurate, with a couple of caveats," Roosevelt said. "Cruz could have been more clear if he'd specified that the proposed repeal was aimed at undoing the Supreme Court's decisions thwarting campaign finance reform, not at speech more generally. And I think he failed to do so deliberately, because those decisions are not very popular, while free speech in general is."
In his Washington Times op-ed, Cruz noted criticism of the proposed amendment from famed constitutional lawyer and First Amendment litigator Floyd Abrams. In remarks during a Senate hearing on the measure, Abrams argued that it "would limit speech that is at the heart of the First Amendment" and do so "in a sweepingly broad manner."
Several prominent scholars, meanwhile, say Cruz is flat-out wrong.
"I have read the amendment carefully. It's about raising and spending money in political campaigns — nothing more," Harvard Law School constitutional law Professor Laurence H. Tribe told us in an email. "It has no effect at all on freedom of the press, freedom of assembly or peaceful protest. It does not allow the government to punish people for speaking their minds."
Tribe also noted that he had Cruz, a Harvard Law graduate, in class.
"Ted Cruz earned an A in my constitutional law course at Harvard, and I am a tough grader!" Tribe said. "I'm confident Ted knows his statement is false. No lawyer or student who can read English believes what Ted Cruz claimed to believe."
The main sticking point for scholars is whether spending money is a constitutionally protected expression of free speech. That notion undergirds the recent Supreme Court decisions throwing out campaign finance regulations, experts said, but is far from a consensus view in legal circles or even on the court itself.
"Citizens United recently overturned many decades of First Amendment jurisprudence that allowed law to distinguish corporate from individual speech when it comes to campaign finance regulations," Yale Law School Dean Robert C. Post told us in an email. "For the most part, the Court has only recently imposed strict constitutional limits on campaign finance regulations. Ted Cruz is referring in his comment to very recent and controversial interpretations of the First Amendment."
Richard L. Hasen, a law professor and expert on elections law at the University of California, Irvine, School of Law, offered a similar assessment.
"This is a controversial theory of the First Amendment, and some dissenting justices do not agree that these limits on elections violate the free speech or other First Amendment protections," Hasen said.
"If the amendment passed," he added, "it does not seem likely it would have a direct effect on the Supreme Court's free speech decisions in areas other than those related to campaign financing."
Andrew Koppelman, a professor of law and political science at Northwestern University, called Cruz's statement "misleading."
"The Court was deeply split in Citizens United," Koppelman said. "The bill proposes to amend the Constitution so that the four dissenters prevail. If, as the dissenters thought, Citizens United misinterprets the First Amendment, then the proposal restores the Amendment rather than repealing it. Cruz seems to think that Citizens United is an obviously correct interpretation of the Amendment, but if that were true, why was the Court divided 5-4?"
Pepperdine School of Law constitutional law professor Douglas W. Kmiec dismissed Cruz's assertion even more succinctly.
"There is nothing in our history to suggest that the founders equated speech and money," Kmiec said. "That being so, there is no constitutional violation of freedom of speech to propose the amendment."
Cruz told his audience that Senate Democrats proposed a constitutional amendment that would "repeal" constitutionally guaranteed free speech rights. The proposal actually allows state and federal legislators to regulate fundraising and spending in elections. Campaign finance has been linked to free speech in recent jurisprudence, but a wide range of constitutional law scholars say the amendment would have a limited or nonexistent effect on speech rights.
Several scholars said Cruz has a point, but he oversells it by using "repeal" with no caveats or qualifiers. The statement contains some element of truth but ignores critical facts that would give a different impression, so we rate it Mostly False.
Email correspondence with Richard L. Hasen, chancellor's professor of law and political science at the University of California, Irvine, School of Law, Dec. 16, 2015
Email correspondence with Douglas W. Kmiec, professor of constitutional law and Caruso family chair in constitutional law at Pepperdine School of Law, Dec. 16, 2015
Email correspondence with Andrew Koppelman, John Paul Stevens professor of law and professor of political science at Northwestern University, Dec. 17, 2015
Email correspondence with Michael W. McConnell, director of the Stanford Constitutional Law Center, Dec. 16, 2015
Email correspondence with Robert C. Post, dean of the Yale Law School, Dec. 17,2015
Email correspondence with Kermit Roosevelt, professor of law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, Dec. 16, 2015
Email correspondence with Laurence H. Tribe, Carl M. Loeb university professor and professor of constitutional law at Harvard Law School, Dec. 16-17, 2015
Email correspondence with Cruz campaign spokeswoman Catherine Frazier, Dec. 16-22, 2015.
Congress website, "S.J.Res.19 - A joint resolution proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relating to contributions and expenditures intended to affect elections," Sept. 11, 2014.
Politifact, "Ted Cruz says SNL's Lorne Michaels could be jailed under Democratic-backed amendment," Sept. 11, 2014.
Politico, "Campaign finance reform blocked," Sept. 12, 2014.
Washington Post, "Floyd Abrams on the proposed constitutional amendment to let government restrict spending for election-related speech," June 3, 2014.
More by Jason Noble
Patty Judge
stated on June 1, 2016 a post-debate interview:
"When a bill is sent to the governor's office, there is no option for changing it. You sign it or you don't sign it. While there was lots of conversation, there was really no opportunity for any sort of amending."
By Jason Noble • June 3, 2016
Viral image
stated on October 25, 2015 a blog post and subsequently reposted on Facebook.:
Says Hillary Clinton told the Des Moines Register on Aug. 8, 2015: "I will get the NRA shut down for good if I become president. If we can ban handguns, we will do it."
By Jason Noble • March 14, 2016
stated on February 20, 2016 a Hillary for America ad:
"Americans haven't had a raise in 15 years."
By Louis Jacobson • March 11, 2016
stated on December 5, 2015 a speech at the Rising Tide Summit in Cedar Rapids, Iowa:
By Jason Noble • December 22, 2015
stated on November 11, 2015 Atlantic, Iowa, during a campaign event.:
Says President Barack Obama did not invite a Republican senator to dine at the White House until his fifth year in office.
By Jason Noble • November 23, 2015
stated on November 14, 2015 comments at the Iowa Democratic debate:
500,000 U.S. troops came home from Iraq and Afghanistan "with PTSD and traumatic brain injury."
stated on October 30, 2015 remarks during a campaign event in Sioux City, Iowa:
North Korea "has over two-dozen nuclear warheads."
stated on October 31, 2015 a speech at the Republican Party of Iowa's Growth and Opportunity Party in Des Moines:
"I am the only person in this field who is against amnesty. Every other person in this field wants to allow people who are here illegally to be able to stay here, in one form or another."
By Jason Noble • November 8, 2015
stated on January 12, 2021 in an Instagram post:
Says Joe Biden stayed silent about violence at Black Lives Matter protests.


text:
Q: How to see the source codes on eclipse? I am trying to see the java.lang and java.util classes on eclipse, but I can see all the classes and the methods on the left side but I have a problem of viewing the method implementations.  It looks like something is wrong. It says the source attachment does not contain the source file Class.class(someother.class). You can change the source attachment by clicking change attached source below.
how could I fix this?
Thank you in advance.

A: By downloading (and attaching) the source to the version of the JDK you are using. You won't see byte codes just source code. For Java 7, one possible resource is the open source jdk7src.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This tutorial shows how to prepare an Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) server (with Apache2, BIND, Dovecot) for the installation of ISPConfig 3, and how to install ISPConfig 3. ISPConfig 3 is a webhosting control panel that allows you to configure the following services through a web browser: Apache or nginx web server, Postfix mail server, Courier or Dovecot IMAP/POP3 server, MySQL, BIND or MyDNS nameserver, PureFTPd, SpamAssassin, ClamAV, and many more. This setup covers Apache (instead of nginx), BIND (instead of MyDNS), and Dovecot (instead of Courier).


A high vitality makes it possible for a pigeon to have greater energy reserves during races than his competitors in general. The in-flight energy losses fatigues the constitution of such pigeons less. They need to mobilize less power to get home on the same races or, when everything is needed, to fly the soul out of their body.
In that case, the average pigeon is already far behind. Pigeons with excellent vitality recuperate faster, they are quicker able to form new reserve in kidneys and liver, and as a result of this, also get faster back in shape. I don't think that I need to say more to my sport friends who raced good how much this means in practice. More classification results, more prizes. It is therefore wise to keep only those pigeons in the racing loft who possess an excellent vitality. I shall elaborate on the heredity cycle of vitality later.
"De Grote Jaarling" was 7th Nat. Ace Dayraces as a yearling. He is son of "De Etampes"(out of "De Goede Jaarling") with "Gisele"(out of "De Zwarte Baron"(grandson "Het Boerke") and "Het Boerinneke"(out of "Het Boerke". Note: "Het Boerke" and "De Goede Jaarling" are halfbrothers). Brothers of "De Grote Jaarling" finished 2nd Nat. Bourges, 5th National Orleans, 7th National Chateauroux. Plus 4th, 9th & 11th in National Dayraces competitions!
All pigeons blink in winter like spit polished shoes. However, when they are going to mate, and fight somewhat, a part of them becomes mat, their shine evaporates like snow in the sun. Then the eggs come, and they breed. During this period they recuperate and they look better again. When the young arrive, we suddenly notice that the majority of our pigeons' condition regresses. They become colorless so that we hardly recognize our pigeons who shined like a mirror in the winter! We don't find vitality here! A pigeon with a great vitality doesn't lose his shine during mating, breeding and the upbringing of the youngsters. One doesn't notice change. Their nose tips are white as snow, their muscles don't lose body, elasticity and shine of wings remain unchanged. Such pigeons possess an above average vitality. Such a constitution can also cope with a lot in the basket while other pigeons only show something on those competition races which are lighter and demand less power.
They also can form considerably less reserves. We dream the whole winter that we have wonderful pigeons in our loft for the next season. But when the first efforts must be made, the mating, the training races during cold weather, suspicions emerge already that perhaps our glorified birds are no swans but ordinary turkeys. And the suspicion becomes reality later on.
It is nor foolish to try out an advice from Wilhelm Scheer. He suggested once to feed only a half portion for 3-4 days during winter and not to let them out. Then one must enter the loft at night in the dark together with someone who writes down all remarks and who gives us the pigeons in hand one by one without knowing which pigeon it is. Perhaps we get a more realistic evaluation this way regarding the taxation capacity of our pigeons.
How quick they use their reserves tells us something what to expect of our pigeons on long and hard races. And he is right! Pigeons who badly bridge the period of upbringing of offspring have not much value because they possess a bad vitality. Also pigeons who become fat easily and quickly gain weight are not recommended. Real class pigeons never become fat, even when the feed is ready for them day and night. It is a good sign when a pigeon doesn't attack the feed bowl immediately, but behaves as if the feed is not the least bit of interest to him.
When the rest of the gang has eaten about half, they walk slowly to the bowl with a bored expression and pick up a few grain corns. There is nothing wrong with the vitality and taxation capacity of such pigeons. Their organism needs little feed because their capacity to digest is much more perfect than that of pigeons who can only keep going with a lot of food. Good pigeons don't suffer as much from hunger in the basket even when they have to stay in them for days. They are fit at the starting point, and of course, their better organism is to their advantage during the flight. Beware of pigeons who eat a lot, and also for pigeons whose eye color fades as a result of taxation. This character trait reveals the weakness of constitution.
The latter only must be taken seriously when it happens more often. I have noticed this once with my good pigeons "Goed Jaarling" etc. But these pigeons, as soon as the had recuperated, flew later just as excellent again as before. Actually the fading of eyes is closely related to the general blood supply of the organism. The status of blood supply with a pigeon can only be determined from the eye. The shinier the eyes, the more noticeable and deep black the border of the iris, the better the blood supply is regulated and because of this, also the condition and the vitality. One can safely conclude that there is a close connection between the vitality, the blood supply and the condition.
A good blood supply is expressed in shining eyes, a black "Vermeyen-ring", and an active metabolism. You don't notice anything when they have a nest. They are always in good condi-tion and need little feed. (The Vermeyen-ring is the black ring at the outer border of the iris, especially noticeable with young pigeons.) The metabolism of older pigeons slowly regresses of course. Their blood supply is becoming less in a regression of vitality. Some Belgian writers feel that a powdery and silky plumage also belong in the chapter of vitality. For some time now, I'm less inclined to consider this a vitality sign. In first place, my Stichelbouts had generally dry plumes without powdering.
Yet, a whole series of my best pigeons out of this line, among them the "117" that was provincial Ace pigeon, provided their extraordinary vitality despite their non silky plumage. I'm of the opinion that a great vitality can also be present where the plumage is not remarkably soft and the latter has no close connection with vitality, it is an independent sign of this. I consider the main sign of vitality to be a good metabolism which again is a result of an excellent blood supply.
Jan Aerts, the well known writer of "De Duif", always wrote: "Vitality is a long life". Indeed but not only that! A long life is almost impossible without a good vitality.
But a good vitality must not be immediately construed as an entry ticket for the club of 20 year olds. But when one devel-ops one's loft out of descendants of very old pigeons, it indicates to have made a good choice when it concerns vitality. Adding his race results to his passing on power "The Klaren '46", the best pigeon in the world, became 22 years old. His last daughter laid 10 eggs when she was 15 years old. However only one was fertilized but that could have been the mistake of her partner who was also a very old son of "The Klaren". Incidentally the only son out of this pair was a prize specimen!


This is the 42nd release by one of the greatest saxophonists of the modern era. Now aged seventy seven Charles Lloyd's career was split right down the middle when after changing most peoples perception of jazz with "Forest Flower and "Dream Weaver" in 1966, he decided to take a spiritually induced sabbatical for most of the seventies. From his return to regular playing and recording in 1981 nearly all of his output has been of the highest level and provided new angles and surprises on every disc. For this session he has dispensed with his regular pianist Gerald Clayton and has introduced a two guitar line up giving the band a complete new sound particularly when the unique sound of Bill Frisell is up front.
Thing's get going with an eight minute exploration of Bob Dylan's "Masters Of War" where both guitars provide early impact behind the leaders tenor before Bill Frisell takes the lead supported by pedal steel and busy drums, the tenor returns with urgency before the guitars handle the play out. Lloyd's sixties output is reprised where the flute leads on "Of Course Of Course" and "Sombrero Sam" is given more depth and atmosphere than the original. The traditional songs "La Lorona" and the wonderful "Shenandoah" are given fresh readings, the latter being played straight, over laid back guitars and bass backdrop. The spiritual quality of "All My Trials" is enhanced by searching and melancholy tenor, gelling perfectly with the guitar due. Ed McCurdy's "Last Night I Had The Strangest Dream" features the unmistakable voice of Willie Nelson with the leaders solo reflecting his enthusiasm for the singers work. There is a short but high impact interpretation of the the funeral like "Abide With Me" before an impassioned vocal from Nora Jones is delivered on "You Are so Beautiful" where laconic saxophone and the quality of the initial theme statement from the guitars make this one of the stand out tracks of the album.
The album closes with a sixteen minute take of "Barche Lamsel".(This is a prayer to the guru and mystic Rinpoche" seeking the removal of all obstacles so that favourable conditions can exist!) The leaders impassioned playing here on both instruments contribute to a tour de force for all, reflecting his life long beliefs. This entire album is full of contrast and fine playing, placing it firmly into a long line of the recording triumphs that Charles Lloyd has made over his five decade steller career.


text:
Q: Align text input and submit input horizontally, text input filling up all empty space I have a submit button, with 30px width, to the right of a text input field.
The text input field should dynamically fill up all available space.
What's the styling to accomplish this?

  <input type="text">
  <input type="submit">

A: The box-sizing is there because the submit button has a border and padding on it by browser default so it's adding to my 30px declaration. You can remove it if you add the padding-left padding-right and border-left and border-right together and minus it from the width. calc() is IE9+, but shouldn't be a problem these days. Very useful for these sorts of things.
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.wrapper {
  width: 500px
}

input[type="text"] {
  width: calc(100% - 30px)
}

input[type="submit"] {
  width: 30px;
  float: right;
}

A: Try this-

*{
  box-sizing:border-box;
}

.wrapper:after{
  clear:both;
  content: "";
}

#submit{
  float:right;
  width:100px;
}

#text{
  float:left;
  width: calc(100% - 100px);
}

  <input type="text" id="text">
  <input type="submit" id="submit">

A:

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.input-wrapper {
  padding-right: 30px;
}
#text {
  width: 100%;
  float: left;
}
#submit {
  width: 30px;
  float: right;
}

    <input type="text" id="text">

  <input type="submit" id="submit">

A: You could opt for flexbox if you have the browser support:

.wrapper {
  display: flex;
}

input[type="text"] {
  flex: 1;
}

  <input type="text">
  <input type="submit">


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text:
Boleslav I. Chrabrý (polsky Bolesław I Chrobry, 967 – 17. června 1025) byl polským knížetem v letech 992 až 1025. Dva měsíce před svou smrtí se se souhlasem papeže stal prvním polským králem. Dočasně byl také vládcem Čech (1003–1004).

Původ
Boleslav I. pocházel z nejstaršího polského panovnického rodu Piastovců a byl synem prvního historicky doloženého knížete Měška I. a jeho první manželky Přemyslovny Doubravky, dcery českého knížete Boleslava I. Po její smrti se Měšek znovu oženil s Odou z Haldenslebenu a dva mladší syny z tohoto manželství upřednostnil v nástupnických právech na úkor prvorozeného Boleslava, kterému vydělil pouze úděl v Malopolsku. Ten se však zmocnil téměř okamžitě po otcově smrti (992) vlády a bratry vyhnal i s matkou ze země. Velmože, kteří proti němu vystoupili, nechal krutě potrestat.

Přátelství s Otou III. a zřízení hnězdenského arcibiskupství
Boleslav I. byl velmi ambiciózním a energickým panovníkem i schopným vojevůdcem. Po celý život usiloval o upevnění knížecí moci, rozšíření své říše a povznesení její mezinárodní prestiže zřízením samostatné polské církevní organizace v čele s arcibiskupem a o získání královského titulu. K tomu se snažil využít dobrých vztahů s císařem Otou III. a papežskou kurií. Velmi tomu napomohla také mučednická smrt Slavníkovce Vojtěcha, císařova přítele. Po vyvraždění Slavníkovců nabídl totiž Boleslav Chrabrý, využívaje mocenských rozporů v Čechách, útočiště na svém dvoře těm členům rodu, kteří vraždění unikli, pražskému biskupu Vojtěchovi, jeho nejstaršímu bratru Soběborovi a jejich nevlastnímu bratru Radimovi. Vojtěch však chtěl dále na misii k pohanským Prusům, a Boleslav jeho plány podpořil.

Když Vojtěch nalezl roku 997 v Prusích svoji smrt, vykoupil kníže jeho ostatky (vyvážil je prý zlatem) a nechal je důstojně uložit v hnězdenském chrámu. Roku 1000 podnikli společně s Otou III. k Vojtěchovu hrobu pouť, aby slavnostně uctili památku nového světce. Při této příležitosti císař zřídil se souhlasem papeže Silvestra II. v sídelním Hnězdně arcidiecézi (její správy se jako první hnězdenský arcibiskup ujal Slavníkovec Radim) a přitom jí podřídil současně založená biskupství se sídly v Krakově, Vratislavi a Kolobřehu, jakož i již existující diecézi poznaňskou. Podle nejstaršího polského kronikáře Galla Anonyma sňal prý Ota III. při slavnostním sezení "svůj diadém" a vložil ho na skráně Boleslava Chrabrého, nazývaje ho "bratrem a spolupracovníkem impéria a druhem římského národa". Symbolicky tak vyjádřil, že polský panovník se bude podílet na jeho programu obnovy římské říše a stane se jakýmsi představitelem "Sclavinie", slovanských zemí v jejím rámci. Povýšení na krále to však Boleslavu Chrabrému nevyneslo, přestože se někteří historici domnívají, že se tak stalo.

Boleslav Chrabrý a český stát

Oslabení českého knížectví po smrti Boleslava II. (999) využil Boleslav I. Chrabrý k přímým vojenským zásahům. Téměř vzápětí přepadl českou posádku v Krakově, pobil ji a připojil Malopolsko ke svému státu. Podobný osud potkal krátce nato i Moravu a část Slovenska, jež toužili získat uherští Arpádovci.

Další příležitost mu poskytly nesváry uvnitř přemyslovské dynastie. Když byl roku 1002 z Čech vyhnán neschopný a krutý vládce Boleslav III., obsadil polský kníže zemi a na pražský knížecí stolec dosadil jakéhosi Vladivoje, muže, jenž byl snad přemyslovského původu. Ten však záhy nato zemřel a vlády se znovu zmocnil, ovšem již také s polskou pomocí, vyhnaný Boleslav III. Třebaže slíbil milost všem svým protivníkům, nechal vzápětí po svém příchodu do Prahy vyvraždit příslušníky rodu Vršovců, z něhož pocházel i jeho zeť. Čechové rozezlení takovým bezectným činem se obrátili s prosbou o pomoc na hnězdenský dvůr. Boleslav Chrabrý povolal Boleslava III. k sobě, nechal pobít jeho doprovod, knížete pak oslepit a uvěznit (Boleslav III. v žaláři zůstal až do své smrti roku 1037). Poté se Boleslav Chrabrý ujal vlády v českém knížectví osobně. Pocházel ostatně po matce z přemyslovského rodu a byl bratrancem sesazeného knížete. Starší historiografie razila názor, že chtěl vytvořit pod svojí vládou mohutnou západoslovanskou říši.

V Čechách Boleslava Chrabrého zpočátku vítali jako osvoboditele od Boleslavovy krutovlády, ale všeobecné uznání si nezískal. Největší problém však pro něj představovala změna na říšském trůně, kde po smrti Oty III. (1002) nastoupil Jindřich II., který nepřiznal Boleslavu Chrabrému postavení, jehož nabyl za jeho předchůdce. Nabídl mu sice udělení Čech a Moravy v léno, když však ctižádostivý kníže odmítl, rozhodl se ho z knížectví vypudit a nastolit právoplatného dědice českého trůnu Přemyslovce Jaromíra.

Rychlý útok, jež podpořilo obyvatelstvo Čech, Poláky překvapil. I když tak řečený Dalimil jistě přehání, když píše o tom, jak "polské vojsko prchá v děsu" a "Polané se v zmatku plazí přes valy a srázy nazí", je jisté, že Boleslav Chrabrý Čechy urychleně opustil (1004). Mezi posledními polskými bojovníky odešel z Pražského hradu poslední Slavníkovec Soběslav a byl vzápětí nato zabit na mostě přes hradní příkop. Boleslav Chrabrý však dále ovládal Moravu, kterou postupně dobyl až kníže Oldřich kolem r. 1019 (možná i 1029 – přímý záznam o tom neexistuje, takže datace je nejistá).

Konflikt s říší a další expanze

Vypuzení z Čech ale neznamenalo konec Boleslavova konfliktu s císařem, nýbrž jeho začátek. Roku 1002 vpadl Boleslav do Lužice a obsadil město Budyšín. Jeho výpad proti Míšni byl však neúspěšný a proto se rozhodl přijmout dohodu s císařem. Jindřich II. mu pak Lužici udělil v léno. Války s říší vedlo Polsko od roku 1003 celých patnáct let a Chrabrý z nich vyšel jako vítěz, třebaže se Jindřich II. všemožně snažil omezit samostatné postavení polského státu a přinutit Boleslava, aby se stal jeho vazalem. Budyšínský mír (1018) mu zajistil držbu říšských lén Milska a Lužice a také Moravy (kterou však krátce nato ztratil stejně jako Slovensko). Mírová ujednání byla potvrzena Boleslavovým sňatkem se sestrou míšeňského markraběte Odou.

Expanzívní snahy Boleslava I. nesměřovaly jen na západ, ale také východním směrem, na území Kyjevské Rusi. Zde se mu roku 1018 podařilo získat nazpět Červoňské hrady a dosadit, byť jen dočasně, na kyjevský trůn právoplatného dědice, svého zetě Svjatopolka. Mírový stav mezi Polskem a říší trval až do smrti císaře Jindřicha II. (1024). Současně zemřel i papež Benedikt VIII., který nebyl Polsku příznivě nakloněn. Poté začal Boleslav Chrabrý energicky vyjednávat s papežskou kurií o své královské korunovaci, kterou by oba zesnulí jen stěží připustili. Roku 1025 se nechal v Hnězdně korunovat polským králem, sice z příkazu nového papeže, zato však bez souhlasu Jindřichova nástupce na císařském trůně Konráda II. Polské království se od té doby považovalo za papežské léno. Dva měsíce nato Boleslav zemřel a polský stát, jenž vstoupil za jeho vlády mezi přední středoevropské mocnosti, zahájil pozvolný sestup ze svého významného postavení.

Genealogie

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Grabski A. F. Bolesław Chrobry. Zarys dziejów politycznych i wojskowych. Warszawa : Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, 1966. 321 s.

 Strzelczyk, Jerzy: Bolesław Chrobry. Poznań : WBPiCAK, 2003. 296 s. .
 Strzelczyk, Jerzy: Zjazd gnieźnieński. Poznań : Wydaw. WBP, 2000. 147 s. .
 Balzer, Oswald: Genealogia Piastów. Kraków : Wydawnictwo Avalon, 2005. 1020 s. .
 Jasiński, Kazimierz: Rodowód pierwszych Piastów. Poznań : Wydaw. PTPN, 2004. 306 s. .

Související články
 Burislav

Externí odkazy

 Heslo v encyklopedii KDO BYL KDO v našich dějinách do roku 1918
 Polsko za vlády Boleslava Chrabrého

Piastovci
Polští králové
Česká knížata
Lužická markrabata
Katoličtí panovníci
Osobnosti na polských bankovkách
Narození v 10. století
Úmrtí v roce 1025
Úmrtí 17. června
Pohřbení v bazilice v Poznani
Muži

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Drachenwurz bezeichnet mehrere Pflanzenarten:

die in Mitteleuropa verbreitete Sumpfkalla (Calla palustris)
die in Südeuropa verbreitete Gemeine Drachenwurz (Dracunculus vulgaris)


text:
Democratic socialist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and conservative firebrand Ted Cruz: Unlikely allies
john parkinson
Jun 17, 2019, 5:08 PM ET
PlayLorenzo Bevilaqua/ABC News
WATCH AOC signals she'd support Biden if he was Dem nominee: 'Absolutely' must beat Trump
When bipartisanship strikes on Capitol Hill, the playbook traditionally pulls from moderate, centrist, veteran lawmakers keen to compromise and cut a deal.
Interested in Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez?
Add Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez as an interest to stay up to date on the latest Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez news, video, and analysis from ABC News.
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Bipartisanship rarely attracts the polar opposites of America's political parties, especially in the modern era.
Lorenzo Bevilaqua/ABC News
Chief White House Correspondent Jonathan Karl speaks exclusively with Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., in her first Sunday morning interview since taking office on "This Week with George Stephanopoulos," June 16, 2019 on ABC.
But now, New York Democratic freshman Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, who calls herself a "Democratic socialist, " someone whom Republicans regularly taunt but might be envious, could team up with one of the most divisive conservatives on Capitol, former Republican presidential candidate Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas.
It all started May 30 after AOC, as she's become known to her 4.4 million Twitter followers, noticed a tweet from Public Citizen promoting its analysis that nearly two-thirds of lawmakers who exited Congress after the 115th Congress took jobs lobbying or other jobs influencing federal policy.
If you are a member of Congress + leave, you shouldn't be allowed to turn right around≤verage your service for a lobbyist check.
I don't think it should be legal at ALL to become a corporate lobbyist if you've served in Congress.
At minimum there should be a long wait period. https://t.co/xMu9Mwmdm6
— Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC) May 30, 2019
Enter @tedcruz:
Here's something I don't say often: on this point, I AGREE with @AOC Indeed, I have long called for a LIFETIME BAN on former Members of Congress becoming lobbyists. The Swamp would hate it, but perhaps a chance for some bipartisan cooperation? https://t.co/jPW0xkH2Yy
— Ted Cruz (@tedcruz) May 30, 2019
Ocasio-Cortez cautiously replied, telling Cruz "if you're serious about a clean bill, then I'm down. Let's make a deal."
"If we can agree on a bill with no partisan snuck-in clauses, no poison pills, etc -- just a straight, clean ban on members of Congress becoming paid lobbyists - then I'll co-lead the bill with you," she tweeted.
"You're on," Cruz replied.
Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images, FILE
Senator Ted Cruz questions William Barr, U.S. attorney general, not pictured, during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing in Washington, D.C., May 1, 2019.
(MORE: 'Every day that passes, the pressure to impeach grows': Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez)
About 40 minutes later, Hawaii Democratic Sen. Brian Schatz tweeted, "IN." Fifteen minutes later, Freshman Republican Rep. Chip Roy, who served as Cruz's chief of staff in the Senate, offered to co-sponsor the bill with Ocasio-Cortez in the lower chamber.
Voila. Bipartisanship in the era of divided Congress and President Donald Trump was born.
But who would have thought that lightning might strike twice in the same place?
A week later, on June 7, Ocasio-Cortez tweeted that birth control "should be over-the-counter," generating a whopping 80,000 retweets and more than 340,000 likes.
Psst! 🗣 Birth control should be over-the-counter, pass it on.
— Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (@AOC) June 7, 2019
Five days later, Cruz, perhaps sensing a little more liberty to freelance after being reelected to a second six-year term in the Senate last fall, sent another trial balloon:
I agree. Perhaps, in addition to the legislation we are already working on together to ban Members of Congress from becoming lobbyists, we can team up here as well. A simple, clean bill making birth control available over the counter. Interested? https://t.co/7kh3kqxN1w
— Ted Cruz (@tedcruz) June 12, 2019
That tweet from Cruz generated more than 60,000 likes and 7,500 retweets.
(MORE: Ted Cruz thwarts challenge from Democratic insurgent Beto O'Rourke in tight Senate race)
AOC did not respond publicly to Cruz's second offer to work together, but she confirmed her office is working with Cruz to advance their collaboration beyond their viral tweets.
"Our teams are in communication," Ocasio-Cortez told ABC News' Chief White House Correspondent Jonathan Karl during an interview Sunday on ABC's "This Week."
"We haven't met in person yet, but I do know that we have an ongoing working relationship and I'm extraordinarily excited in seeing what we can accomplish."
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Ted Cruz: Unlikely allies

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Job: President and CEO of Deerfield-based drugmaker Astellas U.S. LLC (a subsidiary of Tokyo-based Astellas Pharma Inc.), since April 1.
Vitals: 55 years old; bachelor of pharmacy degree, Kyoto College of Pharmacy, 1978; bachelor of law degree, University of Kobe, 1992; various positions, Astellas Pharma or predecessor firms, since 1978, including legal affairs group, Tokyo; president and CEO, subsidiary PMP Fermentation Products Inc., Peoria, 2000-04; vice-president of legal affairs, Astellas, Tokyo, 2004-09.
Strong suit: Corporate planning and strategy.
Résumé gap: Hasn't been CEO of a major business unit.
Track record: Led global legal team on the 2006 acquisition of Urogenix Inc. and the $387-million acquisition a year later of Agensys Inc., which boosted Astellas' U.S. presence in cancer drugs.
Job one: Sustaining growth in the business that sells medications to hospitals while developing new products in heart care, dermatology, immunology, urology and infectious disease.
Obstacles: "Lack of a growth driver is the major challenge," says Naomi Kumagai, a Tokyo-based analyst at Macquarie Capital Securities Ltd. Mr. Kashii will be under pressure to find new products — likely through mergers or acquisitions — to replace revenue lost to generic competition for top-sellers Prograf, a transplant drug, and prostate medication Flomax.
The plan: Mr. Kashii wants to strike partnerships with other drug and biotech firms; Astellas has deals with Swiss drugmaker Roche Holding A.G. and California-based CV Therapeutics Inc., which it tried to acquire in February for $1.1 billion. "Our strategic plan focuses on transforming, partnering and branding," he says.
Ariel Investments LLC, Chicago: David M. Maley, 48, to senior vice-president and portfolio manager of Ariel Micro-Cap Value, from president and chief investment officer at Maple Hill Capital Management LLC.
Fifth Third Bank, Cincinnati: Steve Abbey, 48, to senior vice-president and manager of the public funds and middle-market health care groups, in Chicago, from head of the institutional banking group at J. P. Morgan Chase & Co. Also, Tim Hannahs, 39, to head of the private bank group, in Chicago, from senior vice-president and managing director of the private client group.
Home State Bank, Crystal Lake: Joe DeMay, 49, to business development officer in Lake in the Hills, from branch manager and senior vice-president at Castle Bank.
Advocate Condell Medical Center, Libertyville: David Cartwright, 46, to vice-president of finance, from director of finance and revenue cycle at Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center.
CDW Corp., Vernon Hills: Collin Kebo, 42, to vice-president of financial planning and analysis, from vice-president of sales finance at PepsiCo.
Accumedix Inc., Grayslake: Paul Serio, 50, to president, from vice-president of information technology at Fenwal Inc.
DraftFCB, Chicago: David Gassman, 41, to vice-president and continuing as creative director. Also, Brenda Gonzalez, 33, to vice-president, and continuing as group media director.
IES Abroad, Chicago: Richard Bartecki, 51, to executive vice-president of marketing, from vice-president of communications and marketing at the Chicago Botanic Garden.
Calamos Real Estate LLC, Naperville: Michael Dolski, 39, to senior vice-president and chief operating officer, from vice-president of corporate development at Brunswick Corp.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, New York: Stephen C. Van Arsdell, 58, to deputy managing partner, in Chicago, and continuing as advisory partner and vice-chairman of the board of Deloitte LLP.
Huron Consulting Group Inc., Chicago: Kevin Gibbons, 37, and Peter Walsh, 40, to managing director, from founding partner at Six Degrees Capital Management.
InterCall, Chicago: Kathleen Finato, 42, to senior vice-president of marketing and business development, from head of North America marketing at Motorola Inc.
Exelon Corp., Chicago: Thomas S. O'Neill, 46, to senior vice-president of generation development for Exelon Generation, from vice-president of the new plant development program for Exelon Nuclear.


Learning curve of virtual chromoendoscopy for the prediction of hyperplastic and adenomatous colorectal lesions : a prospective 2-centre study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Jul;78(1):115-20.
Optical Diagnosis of colorectal polyps using high-definition i-scan: An educational experience. World J Gastroenterol. 2013 Jul 21;19(27):4334-43.


text:
Michael Marder es un profesor de investigación de la Fundación Vasca para la Ciencia (Ikerbasque) en el departamento de filosofía en la Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria. Marder trabaja en la tradición fenomenológica de la Filosofía continental, pensamiento ambiental, y filosofía política. De igual forma, una de sus preocupaciones son las cuestiones éticas que rodean la vida vegetal.

Educación y formación académica
Marder estudió en diferentes universidades de Canadá y EE. UU. Recibió su doctorado en Filosofía en la Nueva Escuela de Investigación social en Nueva York. Marder realizó investigaciones post-doctorales en el departamento de filosofía en la Universidad de Toronto, y fue maestro en la Universidad de Georgetown, Universidad de George Washington, y la Universidad de Saskatchewan. Poco antes de aceptar la cátedra de la investigación Ikerbasque en la Universidad del País Vasco, Marder desarrolló una investigación en fenomenología como socio FCT en la Universidad de Lisboa, Portugal, y ocupó el puesto de profesor en el departamento de Filosofía de la Universidad Duquesne en Pittsburgh.

Contribuciones a la filosofía

Marder desarrolló una filosofía con respecto a las plantas. Argumenta que a pesar de que muchos filósofos buscan retraerse de preocupaciones ontológicas y éticas con respecto a las plantas, es necesario colocar esta forma de vida a la cabeza de la deconstrucción de la metafísica occidental. Recientemente, Marder ha escrito sobre las implicaciones éticas de lo que él nombró el "pensamiento vegetal".

Por otra parte, Marder hizo contribuciones al pensamiento político contemporáneo, la fenomenología, la teoría de la utopía y la deconstrucción, con investigaciones originales de Jacques Derrida, Carl Schmitt, el papel de la crítica en la tradición fenomenológica y Piropolítica, o "la política del fuego".

Actividades editoriales
Marder es un editor asociado al periódico Telos (Nueva York) y un editor de tres colecciones de libros: "Teoría política y filosofía contemporánea", "Estudios críticos sobre plantas", y "Futuro Perfecto: Imágenes del tiempo futuro en Filosofía, política y estudios culturales".

Adicionalmente editó los siguientes libros:
 Con Luce Irigaray. "Construir un mundo nuevo" Palgrave, 2015

 Con Peter Trawny & Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback, Martin Heidegger "Filosofía del derecho de Hegel: El seminario de 1934-5 y ensayos interpretativos" Bloomsbury, 2014

 Con Gianni Vattimo. "Deconstrucción del sionismo: Una crítica de la metafísica política" Bloomsbury, 2014

 Con Santiago Zabala. "Ser tremblado: Ontología y el evento" Palgrave, 2014

 Con Patricia Vieira. "Utopía existencial: Nuevas perspectivas del pensamiento utópico" Continuum, 2011

Libros escritos

Fuentes

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial

Filósofos contemporáneos
Filósofos de España
Filosofía continental
Filósofos postmodernos
Filósofos postestructuralistas
Ecologistas de España
Martin Heidegger
Fenomenólogos
Filósofos de la biología
Filósofos políticos
Catedráticos de la Universidad del País Vasco
Deconstrucción


Pet Travel Question: Shipping Rabbits to New Zealand?
I would like to have information about how to move two pet rabbits from Italy to New Zealand. My pets have an international passport, and they've been neutered and vaccinated.
Thanks for your question. Unfortunately New Zealand is very strict when it comes to importing pets, and at this time rabbits may only be imported from Australia. Here's a link to the official site for more information—please let us know if you have any more questions.


text:
The Manchester Open previously known as the Northern Lawn Tennis Championships, the Northern Championships, the  Northern Tennis Tournament and the Manchester Trophy was a grass court tennis tournament on the ATP Tour held at the Northern Lawn Tennis Club, in the Didsbury suburb of Manchester, Great Britain. The tournament had been held annually from 1880 to 2009.

Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 it was considered by players and historians one of the four most important tennis tournaments to win. the others being Wimbledon, the U.S. National championships and the Irish Championships. Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the men's Grand Prix tennis tour.

History
The first edition in July 1880 was held at the Broughton Cricket Club while the Kersal Cricket Ground staged the 1881 event. The 1882 edition was the first one to be held in Liverpool and saw the addition of the women's singles event, won by May Langrishe, as well as the women's and mixed doubles events. Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 it was considered by players and historians one of the four most important tennis tournaments to win. the others being Wimbledon, the U.S. National championships and the Irish Championships. From its inception until 1927 the location of the tournament alternated between Manchester and Liverpool. Between 1970 and 1989 it was part of the men's Grand Prix Tennis Tour known throughout the 1980s as the Greater Manchester Grass Court Tennis Championships. In 1990 it became an ATP Tour event as part of the ATP International Series until 1994. In 1995 the tournament was moved to Nottingham and continued as an ATP World Series event. The current Manchester Trophy Challenger is part of the ATP Challenger Tour; throughout its history the event has been won by a number of Wimbledon champions such as Pete Sampras, who won his first grass court title there. The tournament ended in 2009.

Past finals

Men's singles

Men's doubles

Notes

External links
http://www.lta.org.uk/Manchester LTA Northern Lawn Tennis Club: Accessed 17/09/2011.
The Northern Lawn Tennis Club Manchester: Accessed 17/09/2011.
Championship Roll of Honour. Accessed 8/11/2011.

Tennis tournaments in England
Grass court tennis tournaments
ATP Tour
Sport in Manchester
Recurring sporting events established in 1989
Defunct tennis tournaments in the United Kingdom


DOLLS, our newest launch BRING THE HEAT is finally here! This palette includes 9 beautiful selections of warm shades. You can chose from 7 matte or 2 shimmer shades for a slayed look. It's time to bring the heat with a FIRE eye look using this palette. Not to mention, our packaging is to die for! Everything about this launch is on FIRE!
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Halfway through the Cannes Film Festival, the buzz is about "Jackie", now in post-production, an account of the days of First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy in the immediate aftermath of John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963, directed by Pablo Larraín whose Directors' Fortnight contender "Neruda" is receiving raves here. Another hot Directors' Fortnight film "Mean Dreams" with Bill Paxton is praised by one important film buyer as "Mud" meets "Cold in July" in a tense coming-of-age drama about a 15-year-old boy. And Sony Pictures Classics has snatched U.S. rights to the German Competition comedy, "Toni Erdmann".
This year in the Cannes Film Festival's Official Competition Section, there are no first time film directors, only established masters, some praised and some panned. However, Cannes Official Un Certain Regard specifically shows emerging filmmakers who are considered to be the next generation of master auteurs of cinema. Out of its 17 films, seven were first features from Romania, France, Israel, USA, Argentina, Finland and the Netherlands. Three of the seven are by women: Stéphanie Di Giusto's "La Danseuse" ("The Dancer") is about Loïe Fuller, the toast of the Folies Bergères at the turn of the 20th century and an inspiration for Toulouse-Lautrec and the Lumière Brothers.
Maha Haj From Israel debuted on the first day with "Personal Affairs", about an old couple in Nazareth and their son and daughter who live on the other side of the border. Other first films are the much-anticipated "The Red Turtle", a dialogue-free animated feature from Studio Ghibli but made in France and directed by Dutch-born, London-based animator Michael Dudok de Wit, the Finnish-German-Swedish "The Happiest Day In The Life Of Olli Mäki" and Bogdan Mirica's "Dogs". The debut So. Korean film, "Train to Busan", showed in the Official Midnight Screening section and featured a zombie-virus breaking out in South Korea, and a couple of passengers struggling to survive on the train from Seoul to Busan – enough to make me want to stop traveling.
"Fool Moon" by France's Gregoire Leprinr-Foret had a Special Screening within the Official selection and received mixed reviews. In Critics Week, three of ten films selected and judged bycritics as the best films of the year thus far are first features: K. Rajapal's drama "A Yellow Bird" from Singapore and France about a Singaporean Indian man trying to reconnect with his estranged family after he is released from prison, Mehmet Can Mertoglu's "Albüm" from Turkey, France and Romania (See the trailer here) and Alessandro Comidin's "Happy Times Will Come Soon" from Italy. The ACID sidebar of eight very independent features has two first films.
Shahrbanoo Sadat's debut feature "Wolf and Sheep", in Directors' Fortnight, is about Sadat herself, who lives in Kabul and Denmark. It takes place in the isolated village in Central Afghanistan where she grew up and where young boys and girls are shepherds. International coproductions are the engine driving the film business today and this one, a Denmark-France-Sweden-Afghanistan coproduction is a prime example. Sadat was spotted previously when her 2011 short "Vice Versa One" screened at Directors' Fortnight and was invited to develop "Wolf And Sheep" at Cannes Cinefondation Residency in 2010, which mentors emerging talent. Virginie Devesa of the international sales company Alpha Violet picked up the film here in Cannes. Alpha Violet is also selling "A Yellow Bird" in Critics' Week and is representing "Luxembourg", the newest film by Myroslav Slaboshpytskiy, whose first film "The Tribe" played in Sundance and other top fests.


text:
import { combineReducers } from 'redux';
import getModuleStatusReducer from '../../lib/getModuleStatusReducer';

import { RcVideoActionTypes } from './actionTypes';
import createStatus from './createStatus';

export function getRcVideoInfoReducer(types: RcVideoActionTypes) {
  return (state = {}, { type, meeting = null, patch = true }) => {
    switch (type) {
      case types.updateMeetingSettings: {
        return patch
          ? {
              ...state,
              ...meeting,
            }
          : meeting;
      }
      default:
        return state;
    }
  };
}

export function getRcVideoCreatingStatusReducer(types: RcVideoActionTypes) {
  return (state = createStatus.idle, { type }) => {
    switch (type) {
      case types.initCreating:
        return createStatus.creating;
      case types.created:
        return createStatus.created;
      case types.resetCreating:
        return createStatus.idle;
      default:
        return state;
    }
  };
}

export function getDefaultVideoSettingReducer(types: RcVideoActionTypes) {
  return (state = {}, { type, meeting = null }) => {
    switch (type) {
      case types.saveAsDefaultSetting:
        return { ...state, ...meeting };
      default:
        return state;
    }
  };
}

export function getPersonalMeetingReducer(types: RcVideoActionTypes) {
  return (state = null, { type, meeting = null }) => {
    switch (type) {
      case types.savePersonalMeeting:
        return { ...state, ...meeting };
      default:
        return state;
    }
  };
}

export function getLastVideoStorageReducer(types: RcVideoActionTypes) {
  return (state = {}, { type, meeting = null }) => {
    switch (type) {
      case types.saveLastVideoSetting:
        return { ...state, ...meeting };
      default:
        return state;
    }
  };
}

export default (types, reducers) =>
  combineReducers({
    ...reducers,
    meeting: getRcVideoInfoReducer(types),
    status: getModuleStatusReducer(types),
    creatingStatus: getRcVideoCreatingStatusReducer(types),
  });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to properly leave a Critical Section? I have the following C++ code where I make use of the Critical Section object:
EnterCriticalSection(&cs);

// code that may throw an exception

LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);

How can I ensure that the LeaveCriticalSection function is called even if an exception is thrown?

A: Just write a guard utilizing the destructor for clean up:
struct Guard {
  CriticalSection& cs;
  Guard(CriticalSection& cs)
  : cs(cs)
  {
    EnterCriticalSection(cs);
  }
  ~Guard() {
    LeaveCriticalSection(cs);
  }
  Guard(const Guard&) = delete;
  Guard& operator = (const Guard&) = delete;
};

Usage:
void f() {
   Guard guard(cs);
   ...
}

A: Use RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) idiom:
struct GuardCS {
    GuardCS(CRITICAL_SECTION& p_cs) : cs(p_cs){
        EnterCriticalSection(&cs);
    }
    ~GuardCS() {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
    }
private:
    // Protect against copying, remove: =delete on pre c++11 compilers
    GuardCS(GuardCS const &) = delete;
    GuardCS& operator =(GuardCS const &) = delete;
    CRITICAL_SECTION& cs;
};

If you are using MFC by any chance there are classes that abstract such stuff: is Ccriticalsection usable in production?

A:
"How can I ensure that the LeaveCriticalSection function is called even if an exception is thrown?"

You can write a small helper class like this:
 class CsLocker {
 public:
     CsLocker(CriticalSection& cs)
     : cs_(cs) {
         EnterCriticalSection(&cs_);
     }
     ~CsLocker() {
          LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
     }
     CsLocker(const CsLocker&) = delete;
     CsLocker& operator=(const CsLocker&) = delete;
 private:
     CriticalSection& cs_;
 };

That will guarantee that the critical section is unlocked whenever (and why ever) the scope is left.

A: I suggest you not to use WinAPI critical sections. You can get the same by using std::mutex. When you use it you also can use RAII idiom wrapper for auto unlocking mutex (std::lock_guard ).
UPDATE: one difference between critical section and mutex that you can lock critical section multiple times on one thread but this is not true for simple std::mutex. If you need recursive behaviour of locking use std::recursive_mutex std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex>
UPDATE 2: Detailed difference between critical sections and mutexes are described here, performance comparison is here.
Reasons: It is better to use standard-defined mechanism whenever you can. If you use platform-specific thing - wrap it around. So if you afraid for performance - create Critical section class with lock/unlock methods (to meet BasicLocakable concept requirements) and use std::lock_guard<MyCriticalSection>.

A: The other answers are correct about using RAII objects but I feel it is worth pointing out an easy way to do this with Boost.ScopeExit.
#include <boost/scope_exit.hpp>
...
EnterCriticalSection(&cs);
BOOST_SCOPE_EXIT(&cs) {
        LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);
} BOOST_SCOPE_EXIT_END
// code that may throw an exception


text:
Q: Exchanges and Message priorities I am trying to implement the following,

*

*Messages arrive at the Message broker with message priorities

*They find their ways into various queues based on their message priority

So Q1 has messages with priority 1
Q2 has messages with priority 2 and so on ..
Is there a way to make the Message Broker process Q1 faster than the others.

*

*Would it be possible to have a priority between queues ?

*Q1 has higher priority to be processed than Q2 or better still processing of Q1 blocks other queues from being processed ?

*Can an exchange itself be a priority queue that in turn feeds the other Queues ?

*I saw that it is possible to extend the default exchanges via plugins, is there anything out there that already implements this above requirement that I have ?

Is this something feasible ? Or is this against the basic philosophy of a message broker ?
Is there any link to best practices while using prioritized messages ?
I did post this message on the Qpid nabble forum on August 28 - but 'This post has NOT been accepted by the mailing list yet'.
Thank you for your time.

A: In qpid you can define a queue as a "priority queue".
session.createQueue(queueName;{create:always, node:{type:queue,
                    x-declare:{arguments:{'x-qpid-priorities':3}}}})

In a priority queue, a message with higher priority will leap frog over messages with lower priority and will be picked up earlier. You need not define separate queues for each priority level.
The x-qpid-priorities parameter specifies how many distinct priorities are supported by the
queue.
Note though, priority based leapfrogging only works for consuming messages in a queue. Browsing doesn't respect priorities and you will see messages in the enqueue order.
Implementing separate queues for each priority isn't very useful, but if you insist on doing that, you will have to manage priority based consumption on your own. You can implement a consumer to check for messages in high priority queue, and then only check lower priority queue only if the first queue is empty.