Construction Partner Lisa Cappelluti Featured Panelist at ADC's 59th Annual Meeting "Elevate Your Trial Presence"
Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani Construction Litigation Partner Lisa M. Cappelluti will be a featured panelist at the Association of Defense Counsel's (ADC) 59th Annual Meeting on December 6 in San Francisco. Cappelluti's panel will present "Which Parties Belong at the Party? Entity Issues in Construction Contracts and Disputes."
Cappelluti's vast experience assisting developer and general contractor clients in construction litigation and contract matters will add substantial insight into the panel discussion of entity issues in construction contracts and disputes. Collectively the panel will explore the various types of business entities involved in construction projects, liability issues in contexts such as successors entities, assignments, mergers and acquisitions, alter ego, etc.; and insurance coverage and procurement implications and the roles of defense counsel, contractors and brokers. Joining Cappelluti as panelists are Marianne Boykin of Liberty Mutual Insurance, Eric Hoffner of H&H Professional Insurance Associates and Steven E McDonald of Bledsoe, Diestel, Treppa & Crane.
The ADC's 59th annual two-day meeting, "Elevate Your Trial Presence," will be on December 6-7 at the Westin St. Francis in San Francisco. For more information, please click here.
Cappelluti is a partner in the San Francisco office and she represents clients in pre-litigation disputes and construction litigation involving defect issues, construction site injuries, environmental issues, mold claims, contract and delay claims impacting both residential and commercial construction projects. Cappelluti's trial successes include obtaining a defense verdict on two separate construction trials as well as favorable trial verdicts in construction site injury and construction defect trials. In addition, Cappelluti has been instrumental in assisting clients in forming corporations, preparing residential development documents for associated real estates transactions, and preparing contracts for developer and construction clients. She also has advised her clients on the procurement and administration of WRAP/OCIP insurance policies. She frequently lectures to members of different contractor groups on construction issues, contract disputes and risk allocation issues facing the construction industry. She also has published several articles for the construction industry.
Gordon & Rees is a national litigation and business transactions firm with more than 850 lawyers in 52 offices across the United States. Our lawyers provide full service representation to public and private companies ranging from the Fortune 500 to start-ups. Founded in 1974, Gordon & Rees is recognized among the fastest growing and largest law firms in the country. Additionally, in 2018 Law360 ranked the firm among the top 40 largest U.S. firms and The American Lawyer ranked the firm among the top 45 on its Diversity Scorecard.


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All Together Now: Civil Rights and The Beatles' First American Tour
BY Bill DeMain
© Bettmann/CORBIS
"We will not appear unless Negroes are allowed to sit anywhere," The Beatles said in a press statement on September 6, 1964. Halfway through a 23-city U.S. tour, the group was looking ahead to their date at the Gator Bowl in Jacksonville, where they'd heard that blacks were confined to the balconies or upper tiers at public events such as concerts.
The next day, The Florida Times-Union ran a disparaging editorial entitled "Beatlemania Is A Mark Of A Frenetic Era." The group was called "a passing fad, perfectly timed and fitted to the mores, morals and ideals of a fast-paced, troubled time." Their sound was described as "high pitched monotone." There was no mention of segregation, but it was clear that the paper hardly considered these "hirsute scourges of Liverpool" intelligent enough to comment on social issues.
"The Beatles were interlopers in the eyes of most people," says Kitty Oliver, a Jacksonville native who was one of a handful of black teenage fans who attended their Gator Bowl concert. "They were nobodies, and strange on top of that. Especially in the south, in a place like Jacksonville, where tension was already high about differences. Whether you were coming from another state to demonstrate civil rights, or coming from another country to undermine our youth – it was equally threatening."
The Fab Four's outspokenness certainly stood in sharp contrast to the behavior of most American pop stars, who were coached to stick to safe topics like favorite desserts and most embarrassing personal habits.
"At that time, no one that I knew of really took the initiative to address any kind of social issues," says Mark Lindsay, lead singer of Paul Revere & The Raiders. "I can see The Beatles coming over here and being assailed by this weird, unfair policy of segregation. They were not just good musicians. They had intellect. They spoke up."
With Great Power...
"They were really the first group to have the power to do that," agrees singer Brian Hyland, whose big hit was "Sealed With a Kiss." "They used that platform really well. They could've just let it ride and not said anything about the Jacksonville show. It took a lot of courage."
Both of these artists were part of Dick Clark's Caravan of Stars, an interracial tour crossing paths with The Beatles in an America that was churning with racial tensions. Protesters were marching in northern cities from Seattle to Baltimore demanding better jobs, schooling and housing for blacks. In the south, the situation was more desperate. Blacks were still denied a place at a lunch counter or a seat in the front of a city bus. In July, President Lyndon Johnson signed the landmark Civil Rights Act, banning discrimination "on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."
But old prejudices die hard. In the weeks after, riots broke out in Harlem and Rochester. Black churches, homes and businesses were burned in Mississippi. And there were countless incidences of violence throughout southern cities, including Jacksonville.
In February 1964 – the same month The Beatles first appeared on Ed Sullivan - a bomb exploded in the home of a black family whose son had integrated into a white school. A month later, rioting broke out.
Oliver recalls, "I was a junior in high school, and there was a very tense situation downtown that summer. I got involved in demonstrations and picketing. There wasn't any violence that I recall, but people were yelling at us."
When The Beatles arrived, the city had settled down, but was still spinning its wheels in desegregation efforts. Only 60 of the 30,000 black students in Duval County attended integrated schools.
Live at the Gator Bowl
Opening the concert that Friday night was the Exciters, a black R & B vocal quartet from New York, best known for their hit "Tell Him." Though WAPE - "The Big Ape" - the local radio station promoting the concert, chose the support act, The Beatles were most likely pleased.
Oliver recalls, "Where I sat, there were two other black kids. I ran into them accidentally as I found my seat. I went alone. No school friends would go. I remember that I sat in the high-up least expensive seats, because that is all my family could afford. Yes, it was scary in the sense that I didn't know what to expect. You develop a strong antenna for danger, watchful of any sudden movements or shift of mood in a crowd, and, at the same time, a shield that allows you to look straight ahead and seem impervious."
Once The Beatles started to play, Oliver forgot about any possible danger. "There were a lot of girls screaming, and I was screaming too," she says with a laugh. "And singing all the lyrics to the songs. I loved The Beatles, and had seen Hard Day's Night seven times. I even won one of those short "_______is my favorite Beatle" contests and my name was called on the radio announcing that I had won a free signed album. I kept it for decades."
And The Beatles' human rights crusading continued for decades, until the group's end and right on through their solo careers. Paul McCartney summed up their position when he told a reporter in 1966, "We weren't into prejudice. We were always very keen on mixed-race audiences. With that being our attitude, shared by all the group, we never wanted to play South Africa or any places where blacks would be separated. It wasn't out of any goody-goody thing; we just thought, 'Why should you separate black people from white? That's stupid, isn't it?'"
"I think The Beatles did a lot in terms of bridging cultures, and that was something very new at that time," says Oliver, who now lives in Ft. Lauderdale, where she's an oral historian and author. "They came from another country and another culture, so that made them intriguing to many black people. These people were different and they were singing some R & B songs that were familiar to us. It was the cross-cultural aspect that went beyond racial issues that made them so important. They gave us a new way of dialoguing at a time when we were really at odds with each other."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Earlier this month I mentioned the Perseid Meteor Showers or "shooting stars" when talking about Orion and Mara L. Pratt's book, The Storyland of Stars. Unfortunately her coverage of the August "shower" is more factual than story.
At the back of my mind was a story found in both Henry Rowe Schoolcraft's Algic Researches (published in two volumes in 1839 and again in his The Myth of Hiawatha, and other Oral Legends (published in 1856) about a family that began with female stars coming down to earth. "The Star Family or Celestial Sisters" is an interesting story, but unfortunately it's also an example of 19th century language needing to be brought alive when re-telling it. I also noticed that, unlike the various stories I usually think about from Schoolcraft, this is not from the people of our region. The story is from the Shawnee, and like Michigan's Anishinaabe, they are an Algonquian speaking people, but they suffered through the Indian Removals of the 1830s. That overlapped some of the time when Schoolcraft was an Indian Agent. Because his wife, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft helped him learn both Algonquian languages and lore, this story probably included her influence even though it isn't an Anishinaabe tale.
I've chosen the later version, but I think you'll see what I mean about some of the language. Don't let it keep you from enjoying a lovely pourquois tale and looking up for a stray shooting star.


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Southern Africa Youth Project
Email: info@southernafricayouth.org WhatsApp/Call: + 27 84 313 7407
Reporting and Support
With a rapidly changing world at the forefront of its agenda, the South Africa Youth Project has set itself a goal of 2022: to be on par with global standards in terms of youth participation. With this vision in mind, they have been working tirelessly towards their goal. The tools that they are using today were not created overnight – it has taken years for them to work and evolve into what we see today.
Why is this method so effective? Because it involves all stakeholders – all students, teachers and administrators, from different backgrounds and areas – working together toward one common goal. And by doing so, everyone is able to understand the exact meaning behind their actions and actions as well as how these actions will benefit every member of this project team.
The time has come when we can say that our youth has emerged stronger than ever before! Let's hope that by 2022 they continue to build on the momentum that they have started off with!
Do you find yourself getting stuck in life, unable to move forward? Do you want to make a difference but just don't know how?
Check out the Southern Africa Youth Project! We're all about connecting youth around the globe and empowering them to take action and make a difference in the world. Whether you want to volunteer abroad or start your own local project, we have resources that can help get you started.
The future is yours – let's work together to make it a great one!
How does a young person from the South African youth culture find his way and get into a project? What are the conditions for them to be successful? Where do they stay when they're out of their comfort zone, confident in themselves?
We believe that any success you see in this region is because of the hard work and dedication our youth put in. Today we announce that there's a chance for those who want to explore new things and take on great challenges! #SouthernAfricaYouthProject is an initiative aimed at supporting and inspiring young entrepreneurs with fresh ideas.
This initiative will offer mentorship, training, funding opportunities, know-how and support from top professionals from across Africa. YP celebrates diversity by tailoring programs to attend particular needs of each individual. We also believe in building long-term relationships; so if you want to be part of something bigger than yourself, then join us!
There is no fooling around when it comes to youth development, and when you are one of the leading lights in the industry, you have a responsibility to create meaningful change. With a diverse staff of professionals and volunteers that span across several disciplines, Southern Africa Youth Project is dedicated to creating long-lasting impact on the lives of young people in South Africa.
We provide youth with opportunities for creativity, leadership, and community engagement through our programs like Youth Works! We also partner with local organizations to build sustainable partnerships that empower youth and transform their communities. Whether you want to learn more about youth development or want to get involved yourself, we can help you make an impactful difference!
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Urumchia is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids from the Early Triassic of China. The type species Urumchia lii was described by Chinese paleontologist C. C. Young (Yang Zhongjian) in 1952 from the Jiucaiyuan Formation in Xinjiang. The holotype skull has been lost, but Young was able to describe the species on the basis of a detailed cast of the skull. Urumchia is similar to the South African therocephalian Regisaurus in having an expanded pair of vomer bones on the underside of the skull that form a secondary palate. In Urumchia the front end of the vomers narrow to a point, while in Regisaurus they do not. Urumchia has six incisors on either side of the upper jaw, a primitive condition among baurioid therocephalians that usually have fewer incisors.

References

Baurioids
Early Triassic synapsids
Triassic synapsids of Asia
Taxa named by Yang Zhongjian
Fossil taxa described in 1952
Therocephalia genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


China tea set wenge tea tray luxury tea table big tea service high quality tray. It is combination of one tea tray, which is made of Wenge. Size: 64cm long36.5cm wide.
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The item "Tea tray wenge high quality solid wood tea table drainage teasea handmade carved" is in sale since Sunday, October 23, 2016. This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Kitchen, Dining & Bar\Dinnerware & Serving Dishes\Trays". The seller is "china-boutique-shop" and is located in Canton. This item can be shipped worldwide.


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Edinburgh - NBS enhancing health, wealth and sustainability
Key documents for green space and NBS at local level are the Local Development Plan and the Open Space Strategy. The Local Development Plan seeks to protect and enhance the environment and address the challenge of climate change. This will be partly achieved by using new development projects to enhance the green network. The Plan also identifies areas for conservation, and the different functions and benefits of urban green space are considered in terms of their contribution to the environment as well as their social and economic value.
The CEC's Open Space Strategy seeks to address the main challenges by promoting healthy lifestyles, mitigating and adapting to climate change and making good use of land by ensuring the provision of new open spaces, often as part of new developments. This will help compensate for the decrease in financial resources available for new green spaces. The Strategy also seeks to create or improve access to existing spaces, as well as making strategically significant improvements to such spaces, and includes a proposal to increase the number of allotments and community gardens. As an example, the National Health Service Lothian proposes the creation of new community gardens as part of a redevelopment masterplan at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital in Morningside. Encouraging small-scale communal food growing areas in tenement backgreens (shared green spaces behind tenement squares), often facilitated by the Edinburgh Community Backgreens Initiative, can help meet sustainability and health objectives.
Edinburgh's green network forms part of a wider Central Scotland Green Network (CSGN), which is identified as a national development in the National Planning Framework. The Edinburgh and Lothians region covers about 171 500 ha, and its Forestry and Woodland Strategy 2012–2017 Vision aims to create expanded networks of woodland by 2050. This will contribute to a strong, sustainable economy and is an important element of a healthy, resilient environment as well as playing a major role in the quality of community life. There is a five-year target to support the creation of at least 180–250 ha of new woodland each year across the region and to improve the woodland habitat network (although most of the opportunities for this are in the surrounding regions). In terms of climate change, the strategy seeks to promote woodland management and creation as a key component of sustainable flood management initiatives, while using both the expanding woodland cover and compensation of any woodland losses to development by means of new planting, to increase carbon sequestration and reduce net carbon emissions.
Sustainable Edinburgh 2020 (SE2020) also provides opportunities for NBS, with its vision of Edinburgh as a 'low carbon, resource-efficient city, delivering a resilient local economy and vibrant flourishing communities in a rich natural setting', where people have easy access to green space and natural resources and protected and conserved.
Initially, the FP7 project GREEN SURGE was involved in mapping domestic garden features such as trees, shrubs and grass, which then could be correlated with pollinator presence. This work is being followed up by the Pollinator Pledge project which aims to encourage 10 000 individuals, organisations and businesses to get involved in creating more pollinator-friendly green spaces in Edinburgh[1] and to enable the CEC and other landowners to understand how, and where, they can improve green spaces for pollinators across the city.
Granton Community Gardeners is grassroots community gardening initiative in an area of multiple deprivation in northern Edinburgh. It was started in 2010 by local people living in flats without a garden, who wanted to grow vegetables near their homes. It is a good example of a project with multiple benefits, as it generally aimed to enhance green spaces, support gardening and food production, promote community cohesion and encourage healthy habits and environmental awareness. The benefits, however, have been more in terms of the social dimension.
The Duddingston Field Group is made up of local residents who came together to request a lease on a 2.5 ha field which had become vacant. They aimed to create and manage semi-natural habitats, especially woodland, using sustainable practices and promoting environmental education and recreation. Since that the group's aims were compatible with the CEC's approach to green space management, the CEC supported the initiative, and the group has planted more than 2 000 trees, a community apple orchard and a willow coppice, and has created walkways to improve access (GREEN SURGE City profile).
[1] https://sway.com/FJDXPCjpSxTX3CJJ
A Social Return on Investment valuation of Edinburgh's parks concluded that they are worth over £100 million per annum, primarily due to the revenue they generate from visitors for local business and the economy (£51 million per annum). Their health and well-being benefits are worth £40.5 million per annum and their impact on social inclusion and community capacity is calculated to be worth over £6 million (CEC, 2015).
Using the i-Tree Eco model, it was estimated that in 2011 the structural value of trees in Edinburgh was £382 million, as they provided £484 689 per annum of non-traded value through net carbon sequestration that year. The total value of carbon stored in Edinburgh's trees would accrue to £35 million by 2050 (CEC, 2014b). The carbon stored in the trees of Edinburgh is equivalent to the annual emissions of 20 801 people. The annual value of Edinburgh's urban forest is calculated as £1.82 million, with carbon sequestration worth £1 million, air pollution removal £575 000 (avoided damage to health, buildings and crops) and £247 000 in avoided wastewater charges through rainfall interception and stormwater retention (Forest Research, no date). Such figures can provide a starting point for dialogue, but a full asset valuation is probably needed to produce real changes in the perception of the true economic value of green space. The mapping of the city's green infrastructure, and its quality, carried out as part of the Open Space Strategy has led to developers paying for green space improvements across the city and to better coordination of green space investments by different departments.
Increasingly, community groups and other stakeholders can help the Council by applying for third-party funding. In St Andrew Square, Essential Edinburgh took the lead in organizing consultations involving the private owners, the CEC and Scottish Enterprise. Successful negotiations resulted in the implementation of a £2.6 million programme of improvement works, funded by the CEC and Scottish Enterprise. In the case of Granton Community Gardens, businesses made contributions, either financial or in-kind, as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility Programme, while volunteers contributed tools and materials. For Duddingston Field Group, the main source of funding is grant aid, but it also receives donations, both financial (e.g. apple tree sponsorships and organizing events) and in-kind (e.g. trees).
Budget cuts are a challenge, so there is a strong desire to increase the involvement in planning of community groups, NGOs and business representatives. The obligation imposed upon developers to deliver green space as part of new planning proposals is unique to cities within the British planning family, and provides a real opportunity for planners to improve the city's GI (GREEN SURGE D7.2). An exercise aimed at mapping the city's GI and its quality, carried out as part of the Open Space Strategy, has already resulted in developers paying for green space improvements across the city's network. Moreover, it has led to better coordination of green space investments by different departments (GREEN SURGE D7.2).
With a population of 480 300 inhabitants (core city), Edinburgh faces three main challenges, as identified in its Local Development Plan: climate change, demographic change and sustainable economic growth. The City of Edinburgh Council (CEC) is committed to addressing the reduction of greenhouse emissions through renewable energy, recycling and sustainable transport and buildings while using the green network to capture and store carbon, and to contributing to climate adaptation through preventing flood risk.
Pollinator Pledge
Insect pollination
Granton Community Gardeners
Duddingston Field Group
The FP7 project GREEN SURGE collaborated with its case study cities in, among other things, Urban Learning Labs (ULL) (which included Edinburgh). This allowed their approaches to green infrastructure planning and governance to be studied, and novel concepts and methods developed to better understand and evaluate the role of GI in addressing major urban challenges. These challenges include biodiversity protection, climate change adaptation, enhancing social cohesion and supporting the transition towards a green economy. It is difficult to identify tangible impacts. Within the Edinburgh Focal Learning Alliance, GREEN SURGE undertook to carry out a small number of projects as part of its Action Programme, including meeting the desire to map the ecological connectivity of urban green spaces in order to identify gaps in the network. GREEN SURGE mapped the green spaces and classed domestic garden features (i.e., trees, shrubs and grass), which were correlated with pollinator presence data to measure how pollinator biodiversity is linked to environmental variables measured at different scales. This model has been extended using connectivity data derived from habitat suitability models in order to find gaps in the ecological network for pollinators.
The mapping and modelling associated with the Pollinator Pledge has already has shown that the rivers and canals which connect the city from east to west are important habitat corridors, and that allotments and trees also have a positive effect on pollinator habitats, while large, homogeneous areas of improved grassland appear to be avoided. Taking account of health deprivation in the city, GREEN SURGE, together with stakeholders, was able to concentrate on neighbourhoods where targeting the creation of pollinator-friendly green space would provide strong benefits to pollinators while improving human mental health and well-being.
Edinburgh has a comparatively low (about 5%) extent of forests and green urban areas, and a high proportion of agricultural land and semi-natural areas, especially in the outer part of the city. This results in quite a large (3°C) UHI effect compared to other GREEN SURGE cities (GREEN SURGE D3.2). More green areas would help reduce this figure, contributing to climate adaptation.
All the projects were involved in restoring ecosystems and their functions by changing land use to provide different and more diverse habitats, sometimes for specific groups such as pollinators. This has led to additional benefits, such as recreation opportunities in the case of Duddingston Field Group, while the Granton Community Gardens has resulted in the sustainable production of local food, along with educational opportunities. All projects have led to greater community involvement, and Granton Community Gardens to greater social interaction and cohesion.
The concept and application of GI is already integrated into many city plans, and the city encourages NBS-like actions, as well as community involvement in green space management, such as Friends of Parks groups. GREEN SURGE's research has helped shape the Pollinator Pledge project, and the partners are still in the process of developing it further. It is consistent with the CEC's aims of improving the green network in the city, although the CEC is not an active partner. Climate change adaptation and the promotion of quality of life and human well-being are also part of the CEC's plans, and the projects can contribute know-how to these objectives and help deliver them.
In Edinburgh there is a good partnership between the local authority and non-governmental stakeholders (community groups, scientists, NGOs) involved in urban green space planning, as seen in the case of the learning alliance partnership Edinburgh Living Landscape. This partnership brings together the CEC, the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, the Scottish Wildlife Trust, the University of Edinburgh and others. GREEN SURGE also became involved. Some of the impact that GREEN SURGE is trying to achieve is through Edinburgh Living Landscape, i.e. activities not necessarily directly affecting those of the CEC. The CEC regularly consults individuals and communities about their plans, and has used a variety of methods including surveys and consultation via mail and at events to gain an understanding of the green space needs of citizens. It also supports local community involvement in green space management (e.g. the Duddingston Field Group). This is sometimes done to save management costs. In Edinburgh, Friends of Parks and allotment groups allow local people to contribute to decision-making about and maintenance of their local green space, providing examples of co-management. The CEC has also prepared a start-up information pack for communities interested in setting up a Friends of Parks group and it is increasingly involved in providing advice, organizing network events and training, and communicating about funding and relevant projects (GREEN SURGE D6.1). In some cases the CEC relies to an extent on non-governmental actors for green space planning, design and management, and this can be a benefit of involvement in EU projects. Challenges relevant to participatory governance can include the complacency of non-governmental actors, the need to create temporary green space on agricultural and brownfield sites, and over-subscription and demand for allotments. The Pollinator Pledge is a good example of a project which engaged multiple stakeholders, recognising that local interventions, such as promoting wildlife-friendly gardening in private gardens, schools and communities, or community food growing, could be important ways forward.
Some of Edinburgh's major parks are privately owned, and businesses are increasingly becoming aware of the value of green spaces in developing strong and resilient corporate strategies. For example, Essential Edinburgh, a company acting on behalf of enterprises in the Central Edinburgh Local Business District, has played an important role in opening up St Andrew Square, a private garden in the financial district, to the public. This was done to improve the area's attractiveness to visitors. Since the Square was opened to the public, a large number of exhibitions and events have been held in its gardens. It also has a café which funds the maintenance of the green space (GREEN SURGE D6.1).
Visitor attractions like big parks can have a positive influence on surrounding businesses, especially if the services offered match the needs and interests of visitors, potentially leading to an aggregation of different types of business around green spaces (GREEN SURGE D4.2). This was tested by looking at the density of cafés around green spaces; in Edinburgh peak density was at 100–200 m. There were also signs of an increase in nearby property prices and in the turnover of local business in the area managed by the Duddingston Field Group study.
Opportunities to tie in with existing plans; for example, the Pollinator Pledge fitted into Edinburgh Council's aims to improve biodiversity and the amount and quality of the green network, and to increase provision for food growing and allotments which are good for hoverflies, while the gardeners sought to plant flowers for pollinators.
Community-led initiatives benefit when they receive a high level of support (e.g. finance, advisory and/or material support) and trust from the local authority. The success of the Duddingston Field Group has led to the CEC having more confidence in the community, possibly creating space and support for the rise of other initiatives.
Key individuals, in the Parks department for example, have been important in promoting the naturalisation of the CEC's property, e.g. through woodland planting on managed grasslands.
In the Duddingston Field Group there is tension created by the need to involve (too) many different user groups and the desire of volunteers to have a tranquil green space, but a close-knit community and the flexible management approach has helped keep conflict to a minimum.
The CEC has been investing in the Green Network as part of the Open Space Strategy, but the estimated costs for continuing from 2015 are £3 000 000, hence the need to tie it in with development and to make sure there are sufficient resources for ongoing management and maintenance. This can be a factor for success as well as a limiting factor.
Both Edinburgh City and the CEC were keen to change the city's land to mitigate climate change and increase public engagement around NBS, so GREEN SURGE came at an opportune time and their proposed activities were going in the same direction. However, there is a limitation in that projects run for a set period of time and it takes a while to build relationships and embed new thinking or models in practice, and so the return on/impact of this investment in terms of time and resources is not usually seen during the project.
In 2015, Scotland received €15 million in funding from the European Regional Development Fund for Smart Cities Scotland, which aims to make Scottish cities more efficient and greener while making them more attractive to potential investors[1]. Edinburgh is part of this programme.
[1] https://www.scottishcities.org.uk/media/press-releases/smart-cities-scot...
The Council carries out quality audits on all urban parks on an annual basis using Green Flag criteria[1], while the quality of open spaces is audited every five years. A pollinator monitoring strategy is being produced for Edinburgh, which if adopted, and the Pollinator Pledge project implemented, could enable the success of the project to be evaluated. At the moment, however, it is not possible to evaluate this particular project as the plan has not been fully developed or implemented.
[1] Green Flag criteria include environmental management (e.g. managing environmental impact, climate change adaptation strategies, eliminating the use of peat) and biodiversity, landscape and heritage (e.g. appropriate management and conservation of natural features, wildlife and flora).
GREEN SURGE viewed the results of their research as being fed back to the partners based on practice, e.g. on valuation approaches, good practice of strategic planning for green infrastructure and on good practice of grassroots movements for creating and managing green infrastructure. A number of workshops were held within the ULLs for this purpose and they have supported the development of enhanced strategies for GI planning and governance in ULLs such as Malmö and Edinburgh. Other less tangible impacts are awareness of new knowledge and changing attitudes to partnership working. By supporting research activities, municipalities can gain expert knowledge, for example on how urban green space should be developed and maintained and on open space accessibility solutions (Stephan Pauleit, pers comm.; GREEN SURGE D6.1).
While the CEC got involved in response to requests from the GREEN SURGE researchers, it has not yet taken any action which can be directly attributed to GREEN SURGE or its findings. The Council has continued to prepare strategies for green space provision and management and to implement them together with various partners and communities. In this respect, being included in the scope of such international projects as a case study helps a local authority 'raise its game' in its activities.
Anton Stahl Olafsson and Sander van der Jagt, GREEN SURGE
Ben Wilson, Planning and Transport, City of Edinburgh Council
David Jamieson, Parks, Greenspace & Cemeteries, City of Edinburgh Council
City of Edinburgh Council, 2015. The value of City of Edinburgh Council's parks. Edinburgh, United
Kingdom. Available from: http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk//download/downloads/id/5625/the_value_of_cit...
_councils_parks.pdf. Accessed 11th April 2017.
City of Edinburgh Council, 2014b. Trees in the City: Trees and Woodlands Action Plan. Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Available from:
http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/1540/trees_in_the_city_action_plan. Accessed 11th April 2017.
City of Edinburgh Council, 2014a. Edinburgh Local Development Plan: Second Proposed Plan.
Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Available from:
http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/3839/second_proposed_l...
ment_plan_june_2014.pdf Accessed 11th April 2017.
City of Edinburgh Council 2010 Open Space Strategy. Available from:
http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/20178/park_management_and_rules/427/ope.... Accessed 11th April 2017.
City of Edinburgh Council, Sustainable Edinburgh 2020 (SE2020). Available from: http://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/info/20206/sustainable_development_and_fairtrade/841/sustainable_edinburgh_2020. Accessed 11th April 2017.
Forest Research 2012 Estimating the Ecosystem Services Value of Edinburgh's Trees. Available from:
https://www.itreetools.org/resources/reports/Edinburgh_iTree_Report.pdf. Accessed 11th April 2017.
Forest Research no date Valuing Edinburgh's Urban Forest.
The Edinburgh and Lothians Forestry and Woodland Strategy 2012-2017. Available from:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj0v7WvpZzTAhXLLcAKHT4BAUcQFggpMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastlothian.gov.uk%2Fdownload%2Fdownloads%2Fid%2F5847%2Felfws_sept_2012&usg=AFQjCNErG0FZx-5Zl5LT1zPkeK8WCAvpFg. Accessed 11th April 2017.
GREEN SURGE: Case Study City Portrait: Edinburgh. Available from: http://greensurge.eu/filer/GREEN_SURGE_Report_of_City_Portraits.pdf
GREEN SURGE D3.2 Functional Linkages between Urban Green Infrastructure, Biodiversity and Human Well-being
GREEN SURGE D4.2 Cash Flows Generated by Urban Green Spaces
GREEN SURGE D 6.1. The Governance of Urban Green Spaces in Selected EU Cities
GREEN SURGE D 6.2 Innovative Governance in Urban Green Space
GREEN SURGE D7.1 Local Learning Alliances Established in Five Urban Learning Labs


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Simon and Kirby
Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, their studio, and the artists who worked for them
email: hmendryk at yahoo dot com
Images, Alphabetical
Images, Chronological
Inking Glossary
Harvey Horror: Alarming Tales #2
by Harry Mendryk
Posted June 2, 2012 in 2012/06, 7 Freelance, Artists, Harvey, Harvey Horror, Kirby, Jack, Periods, Serial Posts, Stein, Marvin, z Archive and tagged alarming tales, harvey horror, Jack Kirby, marvin stein
Alarming Tales #2 (November 1957), pencils by Joe Simon
I have discussed this cover on at least three prior occasions. I still feel that my last assessment of the cover art is correct, that is it was drawn by Joe Simon. The large figure looks as though it was done by Mort Meskin but this is easily explained as Joe swiped it from a story that Meskin drew.
While there is a lot of Jack Kirby in this issue, it is technically not an all Kirby comic book as it includes one two page story by Marvin Stein. But the main reason that AT #2 is not as desirable a comic as Alarming Tales #1 or Black Cat Mystic #58 or #59 is the inking which is just not quite as good as those other issues.
Alarming Tales #2 (November 1957) "Hole In The Wall", pencils by Jack Kirby
This is another story of dimensional travel (Jack Kirby's Trips to the Fourth Dimension). Only this time there is no explanation of how the "hole in the wall" came to be. Further the other dimension turns out to be a rather nice place to live.
Alarming Tales #2 (November 1957) "The Hero", pencils and inks by Marvin Stein
Marvin Stein entered the advertisement field sometime in 1958 (Commercial Work by Marvin Stein) so this work from AT #2 is from near the end of his comic book career. Actually that is not completely accurate because Stein continued to provides some comic book art up to June 1959. Stein's late style was simple but done with great assurance. I am not sure how he went about creating his story art but his covers were first very roughly drawn with a blue pencil, really nothing more than quick layouts. Marvin would then add details and finish the drawing not in pencil but directly in ink. It is a procedure that very few comic book artists adopted. Stein inked his own art with a very blunt brush but this was by choice. Marvin did some inking for DC on Superboy adhering to the house style with a finer brush. His ability to do quality inking with fine detail can be seen in the inking he did for Jack Kirby in syndication proposal called Space Busters (Bleeding Cool or What If Kirby).
This very short (two pages) story is about the exciting adventurous life of a spaceman. But not everyone could be a spaceman, you had to be very special. Special in this case is of a very small stature. Jack Kirby would take this same theme for one of the story lines he used in Sky Masters (a syndication strip that debuted on September 8, 1958).
Alarming Tales #2 (November 1957) "The Big Hunt", pencils by Jack Kirby
Another story of dimensional travel, in this case to dimension five. I find it humorous that a scientist would hire a big game hunter to test his device. Or that the hunter would return without anything from the new dimension. Big game hunters was imposing figures in the culture of the time. A lone individual faced against dangerous prey exemplified bravery. But with today's the threat of mass extinction, big game hunting seems out of place. Most people would prefer to see a wildlife documentary than some trophy hanging on a wall.
Alarming Tales #2 (November 1957) "The Fireballs" page 2, pencils by Jack Kirby, inks by George Roussos with some touchups by Kirby
"The Fireballs" is the story featured on the cover although in the story there is no monster like figure associated with the fireballs. Such deviations of the cover from the story are not that unusual for Simon and Kirby, or comics books in general at that time.
Previously I had considered this story as inked by Kirby as well. That was based on the inking found in certain sections. Notice the inking on the elderly man's sleeve in panel 4 of page 2. This type of inking I refer to as picket fence inking (Inking Glossary). The manner that its done, drop strings with penned pickets is typical of Kirby's inking at this time. I am still very much convinced that Kirby inked this particular piece and some other found in this story.
However inking done on Kirby pencils was often done by more than one individual. At one time inking was often done like an assembly line with different inkers working on different aspects of the same pages. With the end of the Simon and Kirby studio such assembly line inking was no longer used but it was still very common for someone to ink Kirby's pencils and then Jack would go over it providing touch-ups. That is what happened in the inking of "The Fireballs". The more simplified eyebrows, use of crosshatching by pen, the rather rush looking to the work, and the common use of lighting directed up from below all remind me of the work of George Roussos to whom I now credit with the majority of the inking of this story.
Alarming Tales #2 (November 1957) "I Want To Be a Man", pencils by Jack Kirby
Robots appeared relatively frequently in Kirby stories during this period (Year of the Robots). I have no good explanation for this. Yes robots appeared in various science fiction movies but none quite like the type of robots that Kirby created. His as large and distinctly mechanical. The one in "I Want to be a Man" is filled with mechanical forms. Throughout his career Kirby had a love of what I call Techno Art (Some Early Jack Kirby Techno Art). Such art would include a multitude of shapes and devices that serve no purpose other than to suggest advanced technology.
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© 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2020 Harry Mendryk. All rights reserved. Unless otherwise marked, all images are my own restorations. Further some of the images have copyrights by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby or Joe Simon alone. I am fortunate that Joe Simon has allowed me to also include some previously unpublished material. Please do not copy from this blog without permission.
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Q: Trigonometric manipulation From
$$\frac{R\sin(\omega t)-\omega L\cos(\omega t)}{\omega^{2}L^{2}+R^{2}}$$
I have to get
$$\frac{\sin(\omega t-\alpha)}{\sqrt{R^{2}+\omega^{2}L^{2}}}$$
where $\alpha$ is a constant. How do I do this?

A: Use the well-known identity $\sin(A\pm B) \equiv \sin A \cos B \pm \sin B \cos A$.
In your case: $\sin(\omega t -\alpha) \equiv \sin\omega t\cos\alpha-\sin\alpha\cos\omega t.$
If you multiply by a constant, say $r$, then: $r\sin(\omega t -\alpha) \equiv (r\cos\alpha)\sin\omega t-(r\sin\alpha)\cos\omega t.$
Can you find the values of $r$ and $\alpha$ for which
$$\begin{eqnarray*}
r\cos\alpha &=& \frac{R}{\omega^2L^2+R^2} \\ \\
r\sin\alpha &=& \frac{\omega L}{\omega^2L^2+R^2}
\end{eqnarray*}$$
Dividing one equation by the other gives:
$$\tan\alpha = \frac{r\sin\alpha}{r\cos\alpha} = \frac{\omega L}{R} \implies \alpha = \arctan\left(\frac{\omega L}{R}\right)$$
Squaring both equations and summing them gives:
$$\begin{eqnarray*}
(r\cos\alpha)^2 + (r\sin\alpha)^2 &=& \left(\frac{R}{\omega^2L^2+R^2}\right)^{\!2}+\left(\frac{\omega L}{\omega^2L^2+R^2}\right)^{\!2} \\ \\
r^2 &=& \frac{R^2 + \omega^2L^2}{(R^2 + \omega^2L^2)^2} \\ \\
&\implies& r = \frac{1}{\sqrt{R^2 + \omega^2L^2}}
\end{eqnarray*} $$

A: $\sin(\omega t - \alpha) = \sin(\omega t)\cos(\alpha) - \cos(\omega t)\sin(\alpha)$, so we need $$\cos(\alpha) = \frac{R}{\sqrt{\omega^2L^2 + R^2}}$$and$$\sin(\alpha) = \frac{\omega L}{\sqrt{\omega^2L^2 + R^2}}$$
These equations are consistent with each other (since $\sin^2(\alpha) + \cos^2(\alpha) = 1$), so $$\alpha =\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{\omega L}{\sqrt{\omega^2L^2 + R^2}}\right)$$

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What is a star code in Roblox?
Are you curious about the star code in Roblox? Below, we will tell you everything about the star code and the Roblox Video Stars Program. Stay tuned till the end of the article!
Roblox has a lot of things to offer. It is a brilliant platform for gamers who wish to create something of their own and play popular and fun games. It provides people with the right tools to help them program games and extensions. The best part about it is that Roblox rewards the creators who use their platform. This has created a massive fanbase for the game. In this article, we will detail what the star code means in Roblox and how can you use it.
Developed and published by Roblox Corporation, Roblox hit the market in 2006. The game created a huge impact on the gaming community. Creating a game is a lengthy and complicated process. But by using the tools offered by Roblox, users could create their own games and even small experiences like characters, clothing, and more. This attracted a lot of attention from kids and adults alike. Roblox even started to reward its top content creators. This was a great move to attract even more players. With each passing day, Roblox's fans keep on increasing. The star code is one of the ways the game rewards its users.
Well, the star code is a special code that you can get from a member of the Roblox Video Stars Program. The star code is a versatile way to support a Video Star. If you make a purchase using the Star Code of a Video Star, the Video Star earns 5% of the purchase [like a commission]. You will still receive the full amount of Robux you paid for. This is a great way to support your favorite Roblox content creator at no extra cost.
Unlike other games or streaming websites, this method of supporting creators is better. The fans don't incur any extra charge. This way, the users get their items while knowing that they also supported their favorite creator through the purchase. This also motivates the creators to keep making quality content. The situation is a win-win for all three parties. So, how do you use a star code? Read the next section to know how you can use the star code to support a star video creator.
How to use the star code?
There are two ways you can use the star code. The first one is through the Roblox website and the other is through the app. There are some things you need to have handy before you decide to purchase in the Roblox store. You should have the star code that the Video Stars promote on their profile or social media. This will be needed for you to support them while purchasing. Now follow these steps to use the star code-
Through a web browser-
1) Head to the Robux or the membership pages on the Roblox website.
2) Set your purchase value. Next, you will be redirected to the payment page.
3) Here, you will see the option to enter the star code. Enter the code and press Add.
4) Once the code is accepted, the page will display the creator you have supported.
Through the app-
1) Open the Roblox app and open the membership page.
2) Scroll to the bottom where you will find the Star Code field.
3) Press Tap Here to open the code entry window and type the code then press Add.
4) Once the code is accepted, it will display the creator that you're supporting.
So this was all about the Roblox star code and how to use it. It is a great way to support your favorite Roblox content creator. Also, the website/app saves the code for 2 weeks so that you don't have to re-enter it if you decide to purchase within this time frame. We hope this article was helpful for you. If you are wondering why the Steam purchase is not working, then make sure to check out this article on Android Gram. Happy Gaming!
Tags: Roblox
Pokemon Legends Arceus (PLA):How to get all 18 Alpha Pokemon
What is a slender boy in Roblox?


The satellite-retrieved Daily Maximum UV Index over the period July 1983 to June 2007 were compared to ground-based measurements at five European sites. In order to mask out winter days with very low sun we applied a threshold filter 0.5 to the Maximum UV Index, so that only UVI exceeding that value were included in the validation analysis. The results detailed in the table beneath show that the bias in Daily Maximum UV Index varies among the stations. In Jokioinen and Sodankyla mean bias is about +10% while the median bias is small. In Bilthoven mean bias is -7% and median bias is -13%. In Lindenberg mean bias is -15% and median bias is -19%. In Thessaloniki mean bias is +21% and the median bias is +12%.


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Rosacea Main Menu
Header - For Patients - Part 1
All About Rosacea
Faces of Rosacea
Treatment Photos
What to Tell Your Physician
Standard Management Options Patient Handout
What to Do Now
Complying with Therapy
Rosacea Triggers
Trigger Factors
Most Common Triggers
Men's Shaving Tips
Causes of Rosacea
Neurovascular System
Vascular Changes
Demodex Mites & Microbes
Other Theories
The Ecology of Your Face
It Works for Me: Patient Tips
Professional Members of the NRS
Rosacea Review Newsletter
Rosacea Awareness Month
Recognizing Redness Booklet
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Rosacea Diary Booklet
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Classification of Rosacea
Grading of Rosacea
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Header - Research Grants
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National Rosacea Society Awards New Grants for Rosacea Research
Posted on: Mon, 11/23/2020 - 12:12 By: ahuff
The National Rosacea Society has awarded funding for two new studies, in addition to continuing support for one ongoing study, as part of its research grants program to increase knowledge and understanding of the potential causes and other key aspects of rosacea that may lead to improvements in its treatment, prevention or potential cure.
"For more than 20 years, the patient-funded NRS research grants program has supported scientific investigations into how and why rosacea affects sufferers, and the resulting discoveries have become increasingly detailed and specific," said Dr. Sewon Kang, chairman of dermatology at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a member of the NRS medical advisory board. "This advancing knowledge has led to more sophisticated avenues for developing more effective therapies as well as improvements in patient care."
Dr. Michelle Trautwein, assistant curator and research scientist at the Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability at the California Academy of Sciences, was awarded $15,000 to sequence the genome of Demodex mites, as well as identify the associated bacteria that may play a causative role in rosacea. This will be the first study to map the complete genetic makeup of Demodex, microscopic organisms found in greater numbers in rosacea patients.
Dr. Tissa Hata, clinical professor of dermatology at the University of California-San Diego, was awarded $15,000 to study the normalization of the microbiome in rosacea patients, identifying types of bacteria associated with rosacea and those that may be associated with healthy skin after successful treatment, including Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
In an ongoing study, Dr. Raja Sivamani, associate professor of clinical dermatology at the University of California-Davis, is studying how the skin and eyelid oils, known as lipids, are altered in individuals with rosacea symptoms of the skin and eye, and whether any deficiencies lead to the bumps and pimples of rosacea as well as the eye dryness and irritation of ocular rosacea.
Funded by donations from rosacea sufferers, the NRS research grants program has awarded more than $1.6 million to support 73 studies, including scientific investigations that have connected the dots in the inflammatory process of the disorder. Other studies have investigated the genetics of rosacea, the role of mast cells in rosacea inflammation, changes to tear film development in ocular rosacea, and many other areas.
Researchers interested in applying for grants may obtain forms and instructions through the research grants section of the NRS website or by contacting the National Rosacea Society at 111 Lions Dr., Suite 216, Barrington, Illinois 60010, by telephone at 1-888-662-5874 or by email at info@rosacea.org. The deadline for submitting proposals to receive a research grant in 2021 is June 18, 2021.
Because the cause of rosacea is unknown, a high priority is given to studies relating to its pathogenesis, progression, mechanism of action, cell biology and potential genetic factors. Proposals relating to epidemiology, predisposition, quality of life and relationships with environmental and lifestyle factors may also be considered.
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Charting developments in one of the most turbulent periods of economic history, this far reaching volume covers the problems facing the major economies of Europe in the inter-war years. It also discusses global economic policies and the crises for the world's major currencies. Although it covers complex themes, the book is written in an accessible way even for the non-specialist.


Consisting of 3 mini workouts of approx. 25 minutes each, ie: no 1: for upper body, ie: arms, shoulders, upper back and pectoral muscles, No 2: for waist and abdominal muscles, No 3: for the lower body, ie: buttocks, hips & legs. Each routine includes a warm up & stretch part. The basic techniques with preparatory exercises are printed on the inside cover. One of these workouts can be done in between the longer ones, or in between attending classes, gym or sports sessions, or to work problem zones in the body more intensely in between the longer workouts, or when time is short – 25 minutes is better than nothing!
Consisting of two 40 minute workouts: one with a Swiss or Physio Ball and one using an elastic band. The introduction and basic techniques with preparatory exercises are printed on the inside cover.
Consisting of 5 mini workouts, (for upper body, abdominals & waist, legs, buttocks & hips and a stretch routine). Basic techniques with preparatory exercises are printed on the inside cover. This DVD is an alternative for DVD 3 above – for the days when you are short of time, or very tired, or if you want to work on your problem zones more intensely.


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Good Girl History
'Ole Man's
Categories Select Category 'Ole Man's 1938-1946 1947-1955 Archie Comics Automobiles Baker, Matt Bronze Age Click to Read Crime, Mystery and Detective DC Comics Fiction House Fox Feature Syndicate Frazetta, Frank Harvey Headlights Humor Magazine Enterprises Marvel-Timely-Atlas Motorcycles Pedigree Schomburg, Alex Science Fiction Ships Sports St. John Publications Standard Comics Superhero Top Twenty Uncategorized United Features Syndicate War Western and Jungle
© 2020 Good Girl Comics.
Category: SportsPage 2 of 4
The most popular sports in the United States in 1946 were probably baseball, boxing and horse racing. But other sports were certainly present at the time and also represented on comic covers including: tennis, golf, football and numerous outdoor winter activities such as skiing, skating and sledding.
New Funnies
Walter Lantz #250 (October 1949) features the anthropomorphic-funny animal Woody Woodpecker playing golf. Before Woody would rise to the top of Walter Lantz's cartoon empire, Andy Panda served as the lead….
Film Fun (cont.)
More film fun found here.
Wilbur Comics
Wilbur Comics #29 on the left from Archie Comics was published February 1950. The cover gag, "Wilbur, when I say pay more attention to figures, I mean the ones on…
Walt Disney's Comics and Stories
Walt Disney's Comics and Stories (WDC) was published by Dell and ran an amazing 264 issues from 1940 to 1962. The series was the continuation of Mickey Mouse…
School Day Romances
School Day Romances #2 is from Star Publications, February 1950. Upon my first seeing it, it immediately became one of my top 20 covers. Yes, clearly another classic…
Oscar Comics
Oscar Comics #10 from Timely April 1949 is one of my favorite covers, and perfect for the football season kick off. Issue contains a public service announcement titled "A…
Miss America (Patsy Walker)
This fun football themed cover was printed January 1952 for issue Volume 7 #43 by Miss America Publications (which was part of Marvel/Atlas). Cover art is signed by Al…
Obscure Nation-Wide Publishing printed the first issue of Flat-Top on November 1953. Flat-Top was a spin-off from "Mazie," Nation-Wide's facsimile of the Archie Comics. Flat-Top was a "Reggie-Like" supporting…
Willie Comics
Willie Comics was published by Timely for 15 issues from 1946 through 1949. The series was continued from Ideal Comics and continued as Li'l Willie Comics. What's interesting…
World's Finest Comics
World's Finest Comics #19* was published by DC on January 1945. If fans of either Superman or Batman could part with just one small nickel more than the…
Older posts →	← Newer posts


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Question: Who Was The Strongest Angel?
Who is Lucifer's father?
Who are the 7 angels of God?
Who is God's most trusted angel?
Is Amenadiel an angel?
Who was God's wife?
What is the name of Satan's Palace?
Can you name your child Jibreel?
Who is God's first angel?
Who is God's Favourite son?
What will God not forgive?
Why did pierce kill Amenadiel?
Who is the mother of angels?
What kind of angel is Michael?
Who ascended to heaven with Jesus?
Who is the most powerful angel?
Who is the Angel of Death?
Who is Lucifer's mother?
Which Angel blows the trumpet of the day of Judgement?
In classical mythology Lucifer was said to be "the fabled son of Aurora and Cephalus, and father of Ceyx".
He was often presented in poetry as heralding the dawn.
The Latin word corresponding to Greek "Phosphoros" is "Lucifer"..
Seven angels or archangels correspond to days of the week: Michael (Sunday), Gabriel (Monday), Uriel (Tuesday), Raphael (Wednesday), Selaphiel (Thursday), Raguel or Jegudiel (Friday), and Barachiel (Saturday).
GadreelGadreel was mentioned as the third of five "satans" who led other angels into copulating with humans, leading to the creation of the giant-like Nephilim. The others were called Yeqon (or Yaqum, Aramaic "he shall rise"), Asbeel ("deserter from God"), Penemue ("the inside"), and Kasdaye ("Chaldean", "covered hand").
Amenadiel Firstborn, portrayed by D. B. Woodside, is an angel, Lucifer's older brother, and the eldest of all their siblings. His physical powers are similar to Lucifer's, and he can also stop time.
AsherahGod had a wife, Asherah, whom the Book of Kings suggests was worshipped alongside Yahweh in his temple in Israel, according to an Oxford scholar.
PandæmoniumPandæmonium is the capital of Hell in John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost.
Parents will no longer be able to have a baby Malak (Angel), Nabi (Prophet) or Jibreel (Gabriel), names which are popular across the Middle East and in Islamic countries.
the supreme archangelTherefore, the first creation by God was the supreme archangel followed by other archangels, who are identified with lower Intellects.
God's Favorite Son is the story of Billy Bragg, a 22-year-old high school drop out, now working at a low paying fast food restaurant. He's a kid who had a lot of friends in high school, a girlfriend who loved him, but managed to screw up every opportunity presented to him.
In the Christian Scriptures, there are three verses that take up the subject of unforgivable sin. In the Book of Matthew (12: 31-32), we read, "Therefore I say to you, any sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven men, but blasphemy against the Spirit shall not be forgiven.
Pierce admits he was actually trying to kill Amenadiel to get his mark back. Then Lucifer starts to reminisce about his failed rebellion against God, after which everyone hated him, including himself. … "You fell in love with the detective, Pierce, not the other way around," Lucifer says.
MaryMary, his mother, assumed into heaven by her son, participates in his heavenly glory.
In the Epistle of Jude, Michael is specifically referred to as "the archangel Michael". Sanctuaries to Michael were built by Christians in the 4th century, when he was first seen as a healing angel. Over time his role became one of a protector and the leader of the army of God against the forces of evil.
Luke chapter 24 tells how Jesus leads the eleven disciples to Bethany, a village on the Mount of Olives, where he instructs them to remain in Jerusalem until the coming of the Holy Spirit: "And it came to pass, while he blessed them, he parted from them, and was carried up into heaven.
SeraphimMentioned in Isaiah 6:1–7, Seraphim are the highest angelic class and they serve as the caretakers of God's throne and continuously shout praises: "Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts; the whole earth is full of His glory!"
AzraelAzrael, Arabic ʿIzrāʾīl or ʿAzrāʾīl, in Islam, the angel of death who separates souls from their bodies; he is one of the four archangels (with Jibrīl, Mīkāl, and Isrāfīl) and the Islamic counterpart of the Judeo-Christian angel of death, who is sometimes called Azrael.
Tricia HelferBattlestar Galactica alumna Tricia Helfer has been cast as the devil's Mom, teased in the Season 2 finale, and she is a handful. Helfer will recur on Season 2 as Charlotte in what is expected to the season's central plotline.
angel IsrafilIn Islamic belief, as in Christianity, archangels will play a key role in the Last Judgment. Heralding the Day of Resurrection, the angel Israfil blows his trumpet, calling all creatures to assemble in Jerusalem.
Question: Can Female Cockroaches Fly?
Do cockroaches come in through windows? Roaches can
Question: Do Carpet Beetle Larvae Move?
Can you see carpet beetle larvae? Adult carpet beetles
What Bugs Should You Not Kill?
Is it a sin to kill ants? Some spiders and snakes are
Quick Answer: What Creatures Eat Bed Bugs?
Do cockroaches bite humans in their sleep?
Are Flies Attracted To Marigolds?
What is eating my marigolds at night? Slugs.


If you are new to RV towing, take time to practice towing your travel trailer before driving on main roads. Most seasoned RV drivers recommend finding a large vacant lot and setting up some traffic cones to practice turning and backing.
Check the Tire Pressure on both the Tow Vehicle & your Travel Trailer or Fifth Wheel to ensure they are properly inflated. Tire with low pressure or high pressure as speeds can cause a blowout.
Never allow anyone to ride in or on the travel trailer.
Before you leave on a trip, remember to check routes and restrictions on bridges and tunnels.
Use the trailer hitch system the manufacturer recommends for towing.
Drive at moderate speeds. This will place less strain on your tow vehicle and RV trailer. Trailer instability (sway) is more likely to occur as speed increases.
Avoid sudden stops and starts that can cause skidding, sliding, or jackknifing.
Avoid sudden steering manoeuvres that might create sway or undue side force on the travel trailer.
Slow down when traveling over bumpy roads, railroad crossings, and ditches.
Make wider turns at curves and corners. Because your trailer's wheels are closer to the inside of a turn than the wheels of your tow vehicle, they are more likely to hit or ride up over curbs.
Try to avoid parking on grades. If possible, have someone outside to guide you as you park. Once stopped, but before shifting into Park, have someone place blocks on the downhill side of the trailer wheels. Apply the parking brake, shift into Park, and then remove your foot from the brake pedal. Following this parking sequence is important to make sure your vehicle does not become locked in Park because of extra load on the transmission. For manual transmissions, apply the parking brake and then turn the vehicle off in either first or reverse gear.
When uncoupling a travel trailer, place blocks at the front and rear of the trailer tires to ensure that the trailer does not roll away when the trailer hitch coupling is released.
An unbalanced load may cause the tongue to suddenly rotate upward; therefore, before uncoupling, place jack stands under the rear of the trailer to prevent injury.
Put your hand at the bottom of the steering wheel. To turn left, move your hand left. To turn right, move your hand right. Back up slowly. Because mirrors cannot provide all of the visibility you may need when backing up, have someone outside at the rear of the trailer to guide you, whenever possible. Use slight movements of the steering wheel to adjust direction. Exaggerated steering control will cause greater movement of the travel trailer. If you have difficulty, pull forward and realign the tow vehicle and trailer and start again.
Apply the parking brake, shift into Park, and then remove your foot from the brake pedal. Following this parking sequence is important to make sure your vehicle does not become locked in Park because of extra load on the transmission. For manual transmissions, apply the parking brake and then turn the vehicle off in either first or reverse gear.
When uncoupling a trailer, place blocks at the front and rear of the trailer tires to ensure that the trailer does not roll away when the coupling is released.
In smaller trailers an unbalanced load may cause the tongue to suddenly rotate upward; therefore, before uncoupling, place jack stands under the rear of the trailer to prevent injury.
Try to do what you can so that you will be turning on the driver side, such as going down a few roads to turn your self around as passenger's side is you blind side.
Have some one guide you from outside. Work out signals that both you and your spotter will know and if at night have them use a flash light so you can see them. They should will be telling you which way your trailer needs to go.
If you find you are out of room to get the fifth wheel & tow vehicle straight pull forward to help straighten it out.
Allow considerably more distance for stopping.
If you have an electric trailer brake controller and excessive sway occurs, activate the trailer brake controller by hand. Do not attempt to control trailer sway by applying the tow vehicle brakes; this will generally make the sway worse.
Always anticipate the need to slow down. To reduce speed, shift to a lower gear and press the brakes lightly.
When passing a slower vehicle or changing lanes, signal well in advance and make sure you allow extra distance to clear the vehicle before you pull back into the lane.
Pass on level terrain with plenty of clearance. Avoid passing on steep upgrades or downgrades.
If necessary, downshift for improved acceleration or speed maintenance.
When passing on narrow roads, be careful not to go onto a soft shoulder. This could cause your trailer to jackknife or go out of control.
To control swaying caused by air pressure changes and wind buffeting when larger vehicles pass from either direction, release the accelerator pedal to slow down and keep a firm grip on the steering wheel.
When excessive sway occurs, activate the trailer brake controller by hand. Do not attempt to control trailer sway by applying the tow vehicle brakes; this will generally make the sway worse.
Downshift to assist with braking on downgrades and to add power for climbing hills.
On long downgrades, apply brakes at intervals to keep speed in check. Never leave brakes on for extended periods of time or they may overheat.
Some tow vehicles have specifically calibrated transmission tow-modes. Be sure to use the tow-mode recommended by the manufacturer.
Make sure your dinghy - (What you are Towing) is approved by the manufacturer for all wheel towing. You can find this information in you vehicles instruction manual or an online resource for the vehicle.
Prior to going any where check your Motorhome & tow vehicle making sure that all the lights work, which includes breaks, turn signals, & general taillights.
Follow the speed limit and towing laws of each state you are traveling through. This may take a little research before you set out on the road.
Maintain a save distance from the vehicle on the road ahead of you this should be a minimum of 5 seconds from the closest vehicle.
Tight turns should be avoided due to the high levels of pressure on the tow bars as this could cause them to bend or break. Can also damage hitch as well.


Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, a production based on the 1964 book by Roald Dahl, has been delighting audiences of all ages at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane, London following its premiere in May 2013. Seventy-thousand people saw the musical in its first month with its premier attended by top celebrities from the acting world. Its run has now been extended until May 2014. The musical is directed by Sam Mendes and Willy Wonka is played by Douglas Hodge.
L-Acoustics equipment was specified by award-winning sound designer Paul Arditti, following his successful shows (including London Road and The Magistrate) using L-Acoustics equipment in the Olivier Theatre, since its installation in July 2012.
As a physical space, the Theatre Royal - a four-level Victorian auditorium that is wide, deep and high - offers particular acoustic challenges. Paul Arditti felt at first that "the odds were rather stacked against me at Drury Lane!". Other challenges to the audio included a huge false proscenium in Mark Thompson's amazing set design where the loudspeaker rigging would usually be placed, a cast containing many children (who would need significant levels of amplification to be comprehensible against the orchestra), and unusually dense and fast lyrics. L-Acoustics equipment was specifically selected for its ability to overcome these multiple challenges while delivering the best possible sound for the production.
Autograph Sound, who have a long-standing relationship with L-Acoustics, provided the following equipment to Paul Arditti's specifications: 47 Kara, 10 Kiva, 10 SB18, 15 LA8.
The vertical dispersion of the Kara was also critical: "Like all line array loudspeakers, a larger array of Kara improves vertical controllability, particularly in the MF and LF. In this respect I was also grateful for L-Acoustics help and advice with LA Network Manager. The filters on the LA8s are very powerful, and it's obviously necessary to know exactly what they do.
"Unusually for me, I attended every one of the 33 previews in order to tweak settings on EQ delay and level for all the arrays from every listening position.


Oh, I hear that show is pretty good. I've never watched it before though! What's it all about?
Well, there would be a challenger who would 'do battle' with the Iron Chef (or later, one of the Iron Chefs.) A random ingredient that was to be used in every dish was announced at the beginning (sometimes a certain vegetable or seafood or something). Both people would have an hour to cook up a bunch of really fantastic dishes, which were then tasted and rated by some random famous people.
Tuna eyeball kebabs and eel jello!
Last I knew, it was on Food Network, Friday nights at 9. Maybe at midnight as well, plus Saturdays at some point. Check it out!
::dons glittery cape and bites into yellow pepper:: I present to you the IRON CHEFS!!!


text:
Community unites in memory of four 'special' children killed in house fire
Well-wishers were encouraged to wear bright colours and bring teddy bears to the service
Leah CassadyReporter
Pictures of the four children
Around 400 people packed out a church tonight to pay their respects to the four children who were killed in a house fire last month.
Siblings Riley John Holt, aged eight; Keegan Jonathan Unitt, aged six; Tilly Rose Unitt, aged four; and Olly Unitt, aged three, all lost their lives in the devastating blaze in Sycamore Avenue, Highfields, Stafford on February 5.
A private funeral took place earlier in this month, with two horse-drawn carriages carrying four coffins being escorted through the town's Highfields estate, but tonight's memorial service was held for the local community.
This evening a memorial service took place at St Mary's Church to allow the community to honour the children, whose family also attended.
Reverend Philip Sowerbutts, vicar of Castle Church in Highfields, began the service, for which everyone was encouraged to wear bright-coloured clothes and bring a teddy bear.
Community tributes to the children
Michelle Askey, aged 39, from Stafford, said: "I've come along to pay my respects. I knew Riley and Keegan, they were happy, jolly kids. I've brought a teddy and wore a brightly coloured top as asked. It's just lovely to see so many people here tonight."
He said: "We're all here today to remember four special children: Riley, Keegan, Tilly and Olly.
"The last few weeks have been difficult for all of us as we've had to come to terms with this tragedy; the children's family, their teachers, their friends and classmates, the close knit community of Highfields, the whole town of Stafford, the emergency services and so many more too numerous to mention.
The memorial service for the four children killed in a house fire
"So we felt it right, to gather together as a town, to remember Riley, Keegan Tilly and Olly.
"But we want to remember them in a hopeful and life-affirming way, to celebrate their short lives, to thank God for what was special and unique about all four of them."
The hour-long service saw tributes to the children from their school teachers as well as singing and prayers by pupils at their schools, Marshlands Primary and Castlechurch Primary.
There were also songs from local singers Leanne Ewins and Neil Mason and congregational music led by musicians from Rising Brook Community Church.
Mary Bee, aged 78, from Stafford, said: "I'm a member of the Castle Church congregation as we've been supporting the family. It's been great praying for them. Perhaps God has purpose even in times if tragedy."
Kim Ellis, the headteacher of Marshlands Primary School, where Keegan attended, paid tribute to her 'cheeky' student with a 'lovely smile'.
She said: "Although Keegan had only been with us for a short period of time he touched the hearts of everyone who came into contact with his endearing smile.
"He was helpful and practical and liked to be kept busy. He loved running around with his friends and playing football during lunchtime play. He was very cheeky, had a lovely smile and tried to use his charm to get what he wanted."
St Mary's Church in Stafford
Castlechurch Primary School headteacher Nicola Glover also paid tribute to Keegan's siblings Olly, Tilly and Riley, who went to her school.
She said: "Olly was a quiet boy who was always happy to come to Nursery. You knew if he was enjoying an activity as Olly would poke his little tongue out in deep concentration.
Kesha Humphreys, aged eight, from Western Downs, said: "I'm really sad. I used to be friends with all of them, we would walk to Castlechurch school together. My mum is close friends with their mum."
"Olly loved the snack song 'Bottom's back, feet flat'. He tried hard to sing the song every day and was always enthusiastic when it was time for fruit and milk.
"Tilly was very helpful and loved to help tidy up with the dustpan and brush in her hands. She loved to dress up and was always drawn to the sparkly princess dresses – this was obviously an ambition, as when the children arrived at nursery, Mum would be pushing the double pushchair and Tilly would sit on the pushchair hood, waving at everyone – just like the Queen on her way past!
Singer Leanne Ewins at the memorial service
"Riley was a happy boy who loved school and was enthusiastic about every aspect of school life – whether this was singing, dancing or playing with his friends, Riley was someone who liked to get involved.
"He was a funny boy who made everyone laugh. He particularly enjoyed our trip to Cannock Chase at the beginning of the year when he threw himself wholeheartedly into the shelter building - dragging logs and branches twice the size of him to make a shelter with his team."
There were buckets by the door at the end of the service for those wishing to make a donation to charities associated with Staffordshire emergency services.
A poem read out in tribute to the children
Don't think of them as gone away, their journey has just begun.
Life holds so many facets, this earth is only one.
Just think of them as resting, from the sorrows and the tears.
In a place of warmth and comfort, where there are no days or years.
Think of how they must be wishing, that we could know today...
How nothing but our sadness can really pass away.
And think of them as living, in the hearts of those they touched.
For nothing loved is ever lost, and they were loved so much.
Read out during the service by Castlechurch Primary School headteacher Nicola Glover
Almost two months after the fire, Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service have still not released the cause of the fire. Although investigators have previously ruled out rumours that it was caused by a faulty boiler or a cannabis factory.
The children's mother - 24-year-old Natalie Unitt - and her boyfriend, Christopher Moulton, aged 28, have been 'released under investigation' after being arrested on suspicion of manslaughter by gross negligence following the blaze.
Staffordshire Newsletter
Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service
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Four police cars descend on Stoke-on-Trent street as window damaged
Staffordshire PoliceStaffordshire Police were called to the incident in Milton last night
Boris Johnson ditches masks and Covid passports as Plan B torn up
coronavirusIt follows reports the Omicron wave appears to have peaked
Stoke City FCSheffield United boss has 'list of targets' amid double Stoke City transfer linkSheffield United need a goalkeeper after Robin Olsen jumped ship to Aston Villa
LIVE: 'Serious collision' closes North Staffordshire road
Staffordshire Fire and Rescue ServiceEmergency services are currently at the scene in Cellarhead
'Highlight was the tractor' - Port Vale fans issue verdict on Salford defeat
Port Vale FCPort Vale are ninth in League Two after a 1-0 defeat at home to Salford
Stoke City linked with Aston Villa wonderkid who showcased talent at Clayton Wood
Stoke City FCJaden Philogene-Bidace could leave Aston Villa on loan this month
Stoke City injury boost before daunting Fulham test
Stoke City FCFulham have scored 19 goals in their last three games
Children's heartbreak as 'speeding hit-and-run driver kills their dog'
PetsKatie Colclough is appealing for witnesses to the crash in Fenton


text:
Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method
Takahiro Ishizaki, Ruriko Kudo, Takeshi Omi, Katsuya Teshima, Tsutomu Sonoda, Ichinori Shigematsu, Michiru Sakamoto
Anticorrosive multilayered films were successfully prepared on magnesium alloy AZ31 by chemical conversion treatment, followed by steam curing treatment. The crystal structures, chemical composition, surface morphologies, chemical bonding states of the film was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurements. All the films had thicknesses of ranging from 24 to 32 μm. The film had two layers that were composed of crystalline NH 4MgPO 4·H 2O, Mg 2PO 4OH·3H 2O, Mg(OH) 2 and amorphous MgO. The outer layers include magnesium, oxygen, and phosphorous, and the inner layers include magnesium and oxygen. The corrosion resistant performances of the multilayered films in 5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were investigated by electrochemical and gravimetric measurements. The potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the corrosion current density (j corr) of all the film coated magnesium alloys decreased by more than four orders of magnitude as compared to that of the bare magnesium alloy, indicating that all the films had an inhibiting effect of corrosion reaction. Gravimetric measurements showed that the average corrosion rates obtained from the weight loss rates were estimated to be in the ranges of ca. 0.085-0.129 mm/y. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 3359-02 cross cut tape test revealed that the adhesion of our anticorrosive multilayered film to the magnesium alloy surface was very good.
Electrochimica Acta
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034
Published - 2012 Feb 15
Magnesium alloys
Potentiodynamic polarization
Corrosion rate
Field emission
Surface morphology
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Chemical conversion
Magnesium alloy
Magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film
Steam curing
Ishizaki, T., Kudo, R., Omi, T., Teshima, K., Sonoda, T., Shigematsu, I., & Sakamoto, M. (2012). Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method. Electrochimica Acta, 62, 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034
Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method. / Ishizaki, Takahiro; Kudo, Ruriko; Omi, Takeshi; Teshima, Katsuya; Sonoda, Tsutomu; Shigematsu, Ichinori; Sakamoto, Michiru.
In: Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 62, 15.02.2012, p. 19-29.
Ishizaki, T, Kudo, R, Omi, T, Teshima, K, Sonoda, T, Shigematsu, I & Sakamoto, M 2012, 'Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 62, pp. 19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034
Ishizaki T, Kudo R, Omi T, Teshima K, Sonoda T, Shigematsu I et al. Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method. Electrochimica Acta. 2012 Feb 15;62:19-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034
Ishizaki, Takahiro ; Kudo, Ruriko ; Omi, Takeshi ; Teshima, Katsuya ; Sonoda, Tsutomu ; Shigematsu, Ichinori ; Sakamoto, Michiru. / Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method. In: Electrochimica Acta. 2012 ; Vol. 62. pp. 19-29.
@article{58932beda5044604874fe04b6f85fb8d,
title = "Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method",
abstract = "Anticorrosive multilayered films were successfully prepared on magnesium alloy AZ31 by chemical conversion treatment, followed by steam curing treatment. The crystal structures, chemical composition, surface morphologies, chemical bonding states of the film was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurements. All the films had thicknesses of ranging from 24 to 32 μm. The film had two layers that were composed of crystalline NH 4MgPO 4·H 2O, Mg 2PO 4OH·3H 2O, Mg(OH) 2 and amorphous MgO. The outer layers include magnesium, oxygen, and phosphorous, and the inner layers include magnesium and oxygen. The corrosion resistant performances of the multilayered films in 5 wt{\%} NaCl aqueous solution were investigated by electrochemical and gravimetric measurements. The potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the corrosion current density (j corr) of all the film coated magnesium alloys decreased by more than four orders of magnitude as compared to that of the bare magnesium alloy, indicating that all the films had an inhibiting effect of corrosion reaction. Gravimetric measurements showed that the average corrosion rates obtained from the weight loss rates were estimated to be in the ranges of ca. 0.085-0.129 mm/y. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 3359-02 cross cut tape test revealed that the adhesion of our anticorrosive multilayered film to the magnesium alloy surface was very good.",
keywords = "Chemical conversion, Corrosion resistance, Magnesium alloy, Magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film, Steam curing",
author = "Takahiro Ishizaki and Ruriko Kudo and Takeshi Omi and Katsuya Teshima and Tsutomu Sonoda and Ichinori Shigematsu and Michiru Sakamoto",
doi = "10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034",
journal = "Electrochimica Acta",
T1 - Corrosion resistance of multilayered magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film formed on magnesium alloy using steam-curing assisted chemical conversion method
AU - Ishizaki, Takahiro
AU - Kudo, Ruriko
AU - Omi, Takeshi
AU - Teshima, Katsuya
AU - Sonoda, Tsutomu
AU - Shigematsu, Ichinori
AU - Sakamoto, Michiru
N2 - Anticorrosive multilayered films were successfully prepared on magnesium alloy AZ31 by chemical conversion treatment, followed by steam curing treatment. The crystal structures, chemical composition, surface morphologies, chemical bonding states of the film was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurements. All the films had thicknesses of ranging from 24 to 32 μm. The film had two layers that were composed of crystalline NH 4MgPO 4·H 2O, Mg 2PO 4OH·3H 2O, Mg(OH) 2 and amorphous MgO. The outer layers include magnesium, oxygen, and phosphorous, and the inner layers include magnesium and oxygen. The corrosion resistant performances of the multilayered films in 5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were investigated by electrochemical and gravimetric measurements. The potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the corrosion current density (j corr) of all the film coated magnesium alloys decreased by more than four orders of magnitude as compared to that of the bare magnesium alloy, indicating that all the films had an inhibiting effect of corrosion reaction. Gravimetric measurements showed that the average corrosion rates obtained from the weight loss rates were estimated to be in the ranges of ca. 0.085-0.129 mm/y. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 3359-02 cross cut tape test revealed that the adhesion of our anticorrosive multilayered film to the magnesium alloy surface was very good.
AB - Anticorrosive multilayered films were successfully prepared on magnesium alloy AZ31 by chemical conversion treatment, followed by steam curing treatment. The crystal structures, chemical composition, surface morphologies, chemical bonding states of the film was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurements. All the films had thicknesses of ranging from 24 to 32 μm. The film had two layers that were composed of crystalline NH 4MgPO 4·H 2O, Mg 2PO 4OH·3H 2O, Mg(OH) 2 and amorphous MgO. The outer layers include magnesium, oxygen, and phosphorous, and the inner layers include magnesium and oxygen. The corrosion resistant performances of the multilayered films in 5 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were investigated by electrochemical and gravimetric measurements. The potentiodynamic polarization curves revealed that the corrosion current density (j corr) of all the film coated magnesium alloys decreased by more than four orders of magnitude as compared to that of the bare magnesium alloy, indicating that all the films had an inhibiting effect of corrosion reaction. Gravimetric measurements showed that the average corrosion rates obtained from the weight loss rates were estimated to be in the ranges of ca. 0.085-0.129 mm/y. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 3359-02 cross cut tape test revealed that the adhesion of our anticorrosive multilayered film to the magnesium alloy surface was very good.
KW - Chemical conversion
KW - Corrosion resistance
KW - Magnesium alloy
KW - Magnesium phosphate/magnesium hydroxide film
KW - Steam curing
U2 - 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034
DO - 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034
JO - Electrochimica Acta
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10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.034


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Lemongrass is a source of citral which has strong anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties and can help to relieve stomach ailments. It is traditionally used in TCM to remove excess heat in cases such as fever or colds. It also soothes and calms one's shen which helps with insomnia, anxiety and stress. Muscle spasms and convulsions can also be made less worse with lemongrass.