Why A Child Centered Education?
Intuition: The power or faculty of attaining to direct knowledge or cognition without evident rational thought and inference.
In other words, we accept the idea that it exists but we cannot explain what it is.
Intuition is our connection to the spirit. Not to be confused with the religious concept of spirit but the more rational concept that we call moral attitude which compels us to act respectfully towards others and regret when the opposite occurs.
In other words, we know that it exists and why, but we don't know how and when it happens or is supposed to happen.
Intuition and empathy are two concepts that have been ignored in education since we have allowed the corporate dollar to determine the direction of the outcomes that lead to the intended goals of education.
Originally, the intended goal of a free and public education was to enlighten the common man so that they could fully participate in a democratic society that Constitutionally guarantees every American the right to elect their representative voice in government.
Having the intuition to intelligently foresee the outcome of this, it became the intent of the wealthy to redirect the goal of education to provide a workforce that would submit to the mundane standardized operations of an industrialized world.
By separating the people into classes and making the middle class the goal of the common man, the "upper class" secured their position of control over all others.
Removing empathy from the spirit of the people, replacing it with the competition for things, the wealthy created yet another level of derision, economics, to the illusion of separation that began with skin color.
Once we empathize with the condition of our children we can begin to regain our humanity and understand that we are one human race, living on one Earth.


text:
European Action Week Against Racism
Join 100.000's of people actively engaging for tolerance,
equal rights and celebrating the diversity of Europe.
About Action Week
PROTESTS AGAINST A NAZI CELEBRITY IN THE NATIONAL STADIUM
The National Boxing Gala, announced as the biggest boxing event in Polish history, is to take place at Warsaw's National Stadium on May 25th. Minister Anna Maria Anders – daughter of the legendary World War II general – who is now the Prime Minister's plenipotentiary for international dialogue has extended her patronage over the event. Curiously, the gala features Artur Binkowski, a Polish-Canadian neo-Nazi. The bouts are to be accompanied by music performances by pop stars including the famous Polish rapper Liroy who is also a Member of Parliament. The host and ring announcer is to be Michael Buffer, known for his collaboration with Donald Trump. The organizer, Marcin Najman, an ex European champion in kickboxing, says that the gala constitutes a form of celebration of the 100th anniversary of Poland's regaining of independence. The now 43-year old Binkowski reached quarter-finals at the Olympic Games in Sydney, representing Canada, where he lives. His biggest claim to fame was a minor role as a boxer in the 2005 movie 'Cinderella Man' with Russell Crowe and Renée Zellweger. Since 2012 he boxes mainly in Poland and is known to have had problems with the law. In a recent incident in Canada, he was arrested and held for a month in February this year. During a press conference at the National Stadium, Binkowski made a speech in which he called for a 'pure white Poland' and condemned politicians whom he does not recognize as 'true Poles'. He also paid homage to a group of supporters whom he called 'my skinheads'.In his social media posts Binkowski frequently promotes songs from the repertoire of the neo-Nazi band Honor, he also posts his own comments with racist and antisemitic contents, e.g. 'We are still under partition of foreign powers!! And this has gone on for almost 300 years. The first time, they raped us physically!! After World War II we were occupied by Russia. In 1989 our mothers and fathers rejected Moscow, Russia and Communism. Since 1989 to this time and it's almost 2020, we are ruled by Jews and Israel!!' In another post he comments: 'Lefties, Judases, poisoned brains (…) Jews are making them into idiots and traitors. They should be stood up against a wall and shot.' The organizers of the Gala have not backed out of featuring Binkowski who is to fight with Najman. His name is seen on the official internet site of the National Stadium. The 'NEVER AGAIN' Association has been asked to intervene in this matter by a correspondent who wrote: 'This is simply shocking! This man wipes his face with the Polish flag, shouts abuse and promotes a neo-Nazi group, while himself sporting a cap with the >Poland resists< anchor symbol or a T-shirt depicting the Warsaw Uprising. I myself practice martial arts and see that this imbecile is becoming a role-model for young boys.' - 'The National Stadium is not a private playground but a public edifice built before the 2012 European Football Championships' - says Rafal Pankowski, who coordinated the anti-racist campaign 'RESPECT Diversity', carried out by the 'NEVER AGAIN' Association as part of the UEFA Euro 2012 Social Responsibility Programme. – 'If the organizers do not change their mind, we call upon Madam Anders to immediately withdraw her support for the event.'
The 'NEVER AGAIN' Association
www.nigdywiecej.org
www.facebook.com/Respect.Diversity
www.twitter.com/StowNIGDYWIECEJ
« Back to map
UNITED for Intercultural Action
European network against nationalism, racism, fascism
and in support of migrants and refugees

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Aubameyang:Hychiaran is one of the main factors that made me come to Arsenal
Arsenal`s most expensive purchase, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, revealed that one of the main reasons for arriving at the Emirates was Henrih Mhhitariyan, who was transferred to `gunners` as part of the deal on the passing of Alexis Sanchez to Manchester United. The two were together in Borussia (Dortmund), and the Gabonian defines Mhitariyan as his brother. He was like a brother, a very good friend, and we both played together in the past, and I`m very happy to see him again, he called me several times to ask me if I was going to come in. I told him that he firsthe has to tell me if he will sign or not, and he told me that everything was ready and that, of course, was one of the great factors for me to come here, we understand both on the pitch and outside. they should be happy to see us together, `Aubameyang said.
Win a VIP pass and watch the FIFA Cup live at 14. 02 at the Paradise Center.


text:
Art, Literature, Stories	 June 11, 2018 June 11, 2018
The Complexities of the U.S.-Mexico Border Explained Through Art and Literature
All of the noise being put around the U.S-Mexico border by American politics has made the border region lose its own identity. Families being separated at the border and border reinforcement laws being put in place have taken away the colorful sides of the region.
Humility, complexity, generosity, tolerance are some of the words used by these writers in a panel organized by the El Paso Times on Thursday. Award-winning journalist Alfredo Corchado, award-winning author Benjamin Alire Saenz, and the director of the Stanlee and Gerald Rubin Center for the Visual Arts Kerry Doyle were the participants for this panel. The focus was on how the region is more than an immigration issue and to-be-constructed wall.
"In the border, we're American, so we're optimistic, but we also know tragedy. We know death, because it's all around us," said Saenz.
Recent political commentary across the country has suggested that the border region is nothing but deaths, poverty, and danger. But, although El Paso, Texas, is neighbors with one of the most dangerous cities in the world, it is also one of the safest cities in the country. The region is full of culture–its own culture–and colors and tastes; it's not all black and white like everybody else says it is.
"People think that this city is unsophisticated, but it's not true. We're rich in art and leadership and dreams," said Saenz during the panel. "But people think that because you can see poverty everywhere; you can't escape it anywhere you go."
Outsiders think all the poverty around the city makes the city ugly, but it actually makes it real, said Saenz. The ugliness and imperfection is what makes it real.
Furthermore, Corchado explained that his experience as a journalist has been about people asking about the security along the border. "The challenge as a reporter is to truly cover both sides, the danger and the safety," he said. To help this conviction, the job of a journalist, according to Corchado, is to use journalism as a bridge for understanding, to write about the humanity in a way that no matter where you read it, it'll speak to you.
Ultimately, the border has the responsibility to take back its narrative. According to Saenz, one of the border's main problems is that everybody there pays too much attention to other people's perception of them, and people think of the border as just a thing, not a place.
"The border is a place where people live in," Saenz said. "It's not just a thing; it's not just an idea. El Paso is a place that is a great cultural capital and a great artistic place to live, and I don't think people see it that way."
Additionally, another problem the border region faces is that both sides of the border–the U.S. and Mexico–seem to hate the region, mainly because they're not a pure form of either side–people eat tortillas instead of bread, and they speak Spanglish, instead of English or Spanish.
A solution Corchado suggested is that the region needs to be more embracing of both sides. For example, when Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, went through a violence streak between 2006 and 2011, the city of El Paso decided to not get involved. Saenz and Corchado discussed the fact that El Paso should have gotten involved on the issue. Both cities are already financially dependent on each other, so they should also have each other's backs in other ways, they said, to be more focused on the region rather than just the city.
"For the sake of out own prosperity, we need to embrace each other a lot more," Corchado said.
Saenz explained it is a matter of stripping down the idea of nations. Borders can't really exist on this region because of how important they are to each other. "Both of our fates are influenced by each other," he said.
"The border gives us the opportunity to dismantle the idea of nationalism, or it can make it stronger," Saenz said. It is not a question about nations, but about relationships.
The panelists believe that if Ciudad Juárez and El Paso were to embrace each other, many of their individual problems could get resolved. It is impossible for both cities to be independent of each other since they are so close. There are hundreds of people that commute from one side of the border to another in order to go to work, thus the problems affecting one side will ultimately affect the other.
"We create poverty with our systems. We create systems where people are poor and we can change that," said Saenz.
In order for others to understand how the U.S.-Mexico border is really like, the border itself needs to be more assertive of who they are, and start conversations about it with others. The border is more complex than how other people think it is.
"If you tell a story very specifically about one person, it's amazing how that resonates and mirrors so many other people's experience," said Saenz. "To create art and journalism on the border you have to know it, and if you really know it, it's going to come through."
By Aimée Santillán
Filed under: Art, El Paso Times Panel, Literature, U.S.-Mexico Border
Gloom Pop Artists Head Out for Dark Violet Tour; an Interview with Night Riots
Podcasts, Parents, And A New Netflix Special: An Interview With Hari Kondabolu


text:
Musician Lord Mayors
Alderman, Sir Roger Gifford
(Lord Mayor 2012 - 2013)
He became the UK Country Manager of SEB (Skandinaviska Enskilda Bank) in 2000 and has been Chairman of the Association of Foreign Banks, which represents all foreign banks based in London.
Committment to supporting the Arts includes Trustee of St Paul's Cathedral Foundation; St Paul's Cathedral Choir School Foundation; King Edward's School, Witley: the Barbican Centre Trust; the City Music Foundation; Chair of English Chamber Orchestra; and Chair of the Tenebrae Choir.
Sir Roger is a Knight Bachelor; Knight of the Most Venerable Order of St John; Commander of the Order of the Polar Star (Sweden); Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland; and Member 5th Class of the Order of Kuwait.
Click Here to see the Souvenir Programme from the 2012 Lord Mayor's Show and the Special Edition of Preserve Harmony released in that year to celebrate Sir Roger becoming Lord Mayor.
Sir Roger Gifford (b. 1955), was elected Alderman for the Ward of Cordwainer in 2004, served as Sheriff in 2008/9 and as the 685th Lord Mayor in 2012/3. He was knighted by the Queen in 2013.
His Mother Livery is the Musicians' Company, being clothed in that Livery during 2005 and elected to the Court in 2009. Sir Roger served as Master in 2016/17. In 2010 he was Master of the International Bankers' Company, is an Honorary Liveryman of the Cordwainers' and the Security Professionals' Companies and is the sponsoring Alderman for the Guild of Public Relations Practioners.
Click the image left to see a video featuring Pastmaster and Past Lord Mayor, Alderman Sir Andrew Parmley, together with Sir Roger playing a recorder sonata at the Mansion House with a young music student. In it they talk about the work of the City Music Foundation established by Sir Roger during his Mayoral year. Sir Roger is using the 'four-way' music stand presented to him by the Musicians' Company's on being elected to the Mayoralty.
The pipe organ being played by Sir Andrew Parmley was commissioned by Sir Roger (on behalf of the City of London Corporation) and presented to the Queen during his period as Lord Mayor.
During 2013, the organ (made by Manders of Bethnal Green, London) was used a number of times at Mansion House for concerts. The WCOM Midsummer Banquet was held there and the picture (right) shows Sir Roger in duet with the Master at the time, John Morehen at the organ. The organ now resides in 'The Lady Chapel' of Westminster Abbey.


I submitted a paper for an Elsevier journal in which the acceptance deadline appears as the 5 of may. The problem is that when I enter into the author´s menu it appears that my paper is with the status Required Reviews Completed and it has been like that for more that one month. Does it mean my paper has already got rejected? what should I do in this case?
Contact the editor and ask about the status of your paper.
Does it mean my paper has already got rejected?
No, that's not what "Required Reviews Completed" means...as you probably know. Maybe your paper has been or will be rejected and maybe it won't: there is no point in guessing.
Do what one normally does when one's paper is rejected: take the feedback into account and decide whether to resubmit elsewhere and whether to revise your paper.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged journals or ask your own question.
Why do I have the "required reviews completed" status on my submission in Elsevier?
What to do if reviewers reject a paper without understanding the content?
Why does editor reject when reviewers recommend acceptance?
What does "Awaiting Reviewer Scores" mean within the context of a prosemanager submission system?
What to do when two months after submitting a major revision, its status is still "Editor Assigned"?
Is it too early to ask Editor about the status of my revised manuscript?
What happens when a journal changes its editor-in-chief in the middle of a review?


text:
New Trailer for Top Gun Sequel Starring Tom Cruise Presented at ComicCon
The Beth Chapman Celebration Of Life Is Tomorrow
"This is not possible, I want to wake up from a dream", Duane shared.
Dog the Bounty Hunter was unable to comply with Beth Chapman's final wishes of having her ashes scattered in Hawaii.
The 2-hour service began with a handsome rendition of "How Great Thou Art", followed by some words from Pastor Marlon Saunders and Beth's close friends, including Dog's Most Wanted co-star Rainy Robinson. The cancer returned late past year and spread to her lungs.
Beth and her husband starred in the reality series "Dog the Bounty Hunter" for eight seasons until 2012.
The suspect's apprehension was being filmed for an upcoming show of "Dog's Most Wanted". Despite that, she refused to leave his side.
She said "we both ended up with these larger than life men", and that "she gave me some sage advice about my situation", referring to her long relationship with Gene Simmons before getting married. It broke, therefore. He clarified, adding that he feels like I walked on the sand when he went to press his foot.
Blues create 14-year history in epic win
He added that he still can not accept that she has passed away.
"I haven't gotten past the place where I'm still putting a pillow where she was, and covering it up, like the jailhouse escape, right? She is in another place", Dog said. "And then I wake up in the middle of the night and see her and it doesn't register that [it] ain't her". She reportedly informed her family that she would like to have two separate funeral services in the two states she calls home - Hawaii and Colorado. He made eye contact with me when I pulled in, and I saw this man run at a slow pace, my speed, you understand what I mean? "I have a lot of people that depend on me". You're out of your mind.' I said, 'Honey you might have to do chemo and stuff, ' " Dog recalled.
On June 26, Duane confirmed that his wife had died. "I love her and she was there for me", he expressed, before tearing up thinking about how Beth will no longer be there during his most important life events. Only today, she hiked the stairway to heaven.
"Bethie! You see this, Bethie?!" he demanded, motioning to the crowd on the verge of tears.
Following the announcement of the memorial, Duane opened up about the mourning process. And you really want to observe the way you do that due to my life.
"For a few years we knew this day would come", he continued. She was first diagnosed in 2017, but she was cancer-free within months. Two months later, she successfully underwent surgery for throat cancer.
Lil Nas X Shares Old Town Road Remix Featuring Young Thug
With the way things are going, there's a solid chance Lil Nas X will hit the magic number too. The song is also No. 1 on Billboard's Hot 100 chart at No. 1 for the 14th consecutive week.
Amazon Music Unlimited gaining subscribers faster than Spotify and Apple
Per Thurrott , Midia credits Amazon's success to its Echo smart speakers, it's ubiquity with consumers and its price point. "In April Amazon had more than 32m subscribers to all its music services including Unlimited and Prime Music".
As per the publication, the Xiaomi Mi A3 has been codenamed "bamboo_sprout", and it will feature a Snapdragon 730 SoC. In terms of battery, it is expected to come with a 4,000mAh capacity unit that can support fast charging via USB-C.
England thrash Australia to qualify for Cricket World Cup final
For it was the Black Caps who showed England how to play the modern one-day game at the 2015 edition in Wellington four years ago. The 2015 finalists began well before three back-to-back defeats almost scuttled their campaign in the group stage.
You Can Now Register for the Minecraft Earth Closed Beta
However, please keep in mind, those are just guesses and the official release date could be pushed to next year. That's it for the core mechanic of the game but, hopefully, Minecraft Earth will have more to offer.
France introduces Amazon tax despite Trump threats, United Kingdom to follow
Such companies will have to pay a tax of 3 %, earning the French treasury an estimated 400 million euros this year alone. Once an appropriate global solution has been found, the United Kingdom would drop its own tax, the government added.
Star Trek actress Stephanie Niznik dead at 52
She then studied M.A.at Cal Arts where she started to perform roles like Vanishing Son and Murder She Wrote in the series. She's best known for playing Nina Feeney, the neighbour of the Brown family, on the drama series Everwood from 2002-2006.
AFCON 2019: Each Nigerian player has bagged $72000 in bonuses so far
You are into the part of the tournament where how to control, manage the match, take your chances and so on come into play. Prior to the qualifiers, Nigeria defeated Algeria 1 - 0 in the third-placed fixture of the AFCON 2010 hosted by Angola.
Court sympathetic to House in records fight with Trump
Numerous attendees have increasingly accused social media companies of attempting to hamper their growth and reach. Unfortunately, social media companies don't always do a good job of explaining why users were banned.
The duo's joint official appearance will be a rare one, coming exactly a year after they showed up to Wimbledon together. She paired the dress with a Dolce and Gabanna Sicily bag and Asprey's woodland oak leaf earrings.
Epstein sought to pay off potential witnesses, US prosecutors say
He added that he didn't think it was right for his handling of Epstein's case to distract from his work as secretary of labour. Lauren Book, a Democrat, said in a statement that Acosta's resignation was "a victory for crime victims everywhere".
Spurs agree to 2-year deal with Trey Lyles
The swingman whose uncertain health led to a series of last-minute deal changes over the course of the past week. Agent David Bauman and the Knicks are reevaluating Bullock's fitness to play a full season in 2019-20.
Hamilton's Kia Nurse named a starting guard for the WNBA all-star game
Coaches will vote for three guards, five frontcourt players and four players at either position regardless of conference. Two other Canadians have been named WNBA all-stars: Tammy Sutton-Brown in 2002 and 2007, and Stacey Dales in 2002.
Theresa May laments failure to pass Brexit deal on her way out
She said if the future relationship had been negotiated alongside there would not have been the same issue with the backstop. And there's another reason why we have to be careful about this 31st of October date.
Trump fires a broadside at Facebook's online currency
He added that cryptocurrency, whose electronic nature makes it almost untraceable, could facilitate illegal activity. President claimed the value of cryptocurrencies is "highly volatile and based on thin air".
When he came up again in the first inning with the bases loaded, Trout roped a two-run double to left field. There was a touching pregame ceremony, where Tyler Skaggs mother delivered the ceremonial first pitch.
Struthers-Gardner was rushed to a hospital in Southampton, in the south of England , but succumbed to the injury the next day. After turning Elena over, Many saw the straw had gone through her eye-and it was still attached to the drinking glass.
Williams has dropped just two sets so far in the tournament, one of which came in the quarterfinal against Alison Riske. It is the 27-year-old former world number one's second Grand Slam title after her 2018 French Open success.
William Saliba: Spurs rival Arsenal for Saint-Etienne defender
Manhattan, Upper West Side Suffer Widespread Blackouts
Manhattan power outages are crippling subway service and causing traffic problems
Serena Williams May Play in More Tournaments for Grand Slam Preparation
Amazon partners with the NHS to help United Kingdom patients access health advice
Did Meghan Markle Address Her and Prince Harry's Haters?
Taika Waititi will return to write and direct 'Thor 4'
Ahead of birthday, Katrina Kaif enjoys vacation in Mexico; see pics
How to watch: 2019 Emmy nominations to be revealed Tuesday
R. Kelly's Associates Gave The FBI Tapes Leading To His Arrest
Human remains likely Seinfeld actor
Christoph Waltz spotted on Bond 25 set in London
This Man Was Accused of Invading Meghan Markle's Privacy at Wimbledon
Federer comes so close to 9th Wimbledon title before losing
YouTube Star Emily Hartridge Dies Aged 35
Kangana challenges media to ban her, says journalists are 'cheap freeloaders'
WWE Wrestler Jeff Hardy Arrested for Drunk in Public
Amazon Prime Day 2019: Where to Look For Deals
Jenelle Evans Accused of Making Up the Whole Dog Incident for 'Publicity'
Wimbledon Glance: Roger Federer vs. Novak Djokovic in final
Simona Halep used past experiences to beat Serena Williams and win Wimbledon


text:
<?php

  namespace {
    if ( !class_exists('SplClassLoader') ) {
      include(__DIR__ . '/../External/SplClassLoader.php');
    }
  }

  namespace osCommerce\OM\Core {
    class Autoloader extends \SplClassLoader {
      public function loadClass($className) {
        if (null === $this->_namespace || $this->_namespace.$this->_namespaceSeparator === substr($className, 0, strlen($this->_namespace.$this->_namespaceSeparator))) {
          $fileName = '';
          $namespace = '';

          if (false !== ($lastNsPos = strripos($className, $this->_namespaceSeparator))) {
            $namespace = substr($className, 0, $lastNsPos);
            $className = substr($className, $lastNsPos + 1);
            $fileName = str_replace($this->_namespaceSeparator, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $namespace) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
          }

          $fileName .= str_replace('_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $className) . $this->_fileExtension;

          $includeFile = ($this->_includePath !== null ? $this->_includePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR : '') . $fileName;

// HPDL; require() returns a "file does not exist" error when \class_exists() is
// used. Instead, use file_exists() and include()

// HPDL: Check for and include custom version
          if ( strpos($includeFile, 'osCommerce' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'OM' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'Core' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) !== false ) {
            $includeFile = realpath(__DIR__ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '..' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '..' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '..' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $includeFile;

            $custom_includeFile = str_replace('osCommerce' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'OM' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'Core' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, 'osCommerce' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'OM' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'Custom' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $includeFile);

            if (file_exists($custom_includeFile)) {
              include ($custom_includeFile);
              return true;
            }
          }

          if (file_exists($includeFile)) {
            include ($includeFile);
            return true;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Food in Argentine is quiet delicious, specially the Asado festivals; the event of barbeque. The Asado is not just steak it is the real deal, beef couldn't taste any better. Most of these festivals take place in Buenos Aires. Many options of meat are available such as the Bife de lomo, Entraña, Asado de tira, Vacío and Bife de chorizo.
Palermo, Buenos Aires is a capital that grew rapidly in the 19th century especially during the presidency of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento.
The nightlife of the city is magnifique! Coffee shops and bars around every corner, Buenos Aires is a chic and wild destination, there is nothing like enjoying a vacation to the max!


Today, most enterprises maintain a secondary data center for running their critical applications that they can activate in the event of a disaster ( fire, flood, user error, electrical malfunction, etc.). With the traditional approach, companies need two sets of storage arrays and two copies of applications: one in the primary site and one in the DR site that they have to maintain and scale and, there must be high-speed network connections that provide transport for synchronous or asynchronous data replication between arrays.
Download this paper to learn how Clearsky Data is addressing this challenge.


Never get it wrong with a ToGoGarden.com gift certificate. Pick one up today and get the perfect gift for that special someone. Available in various amounts, the ToGoGarden.com gift certificates are versatile and perfect for any occasion. For amounts larger than $250 call us for special discounted pricing at (405) 227-9888.


New research suggests that curcumin, a main ingredient in curry, may improve exercise intolerance related to heart failure. The study is published ahead of print in the Journal of Applied Physiology.
Curcumin, a chemical that comes from the turmeric plant, has been used as a traditional Asian medicine for centuries, primarily to treat gastrointestinal ailments and skin wounds. Studies increasingly suggest that the compound may prevent or limit muscle wasting associated with a number of health conditions, including heart failure.
Curcumin, like vitamin C complex, is quickly moving to the top of my list as a panacea for all that ails us.
I'm beginning to think that I should be shoppingfor turmeric root as I do for ginger root. The problem: ginger root is readily available in supermarkets. Not so turmeric; the nearest source is an 80-mile RT and I combine errands before I drive to that destination. I sure miss my Prius with its 55 mpg!
As for myself, I am so grateful that both turmeric root and ginger root are available at the farm stand which I patronize each week. When it is about to be at the end of its growing season, turmeric root and ginger root can be frozen, then thawed in small amounts later when needed.
Fresh turmeric is really expensive here. I bought some in an (unsuccessful) attempt to grow it, and I think it was around $50kg. Ginger can be expensive at the beginning of the season, but comes down in price later. As they need similar conditions, I don't know why there is such a big price difference.
Maybe one is harder to grow or less productive? Or is it supply & demand? (I haven't priced turmeric root).
I find I can freeze ginger, and easily slice/dice the frozen root with a good sharp knife.


text:
#pragma once
#include <aws/mgn/Mgn_EXPORTS.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSString.h>
#include <aws/mgn/model/ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType.h>
#include <utility>

namespace Aws
{
namespace Utils
{
namespace Json
{
  class JsonValue;
  class JsonView;
} // namespace Json
} // namespace Utils
namespace mgn
{
namespace Model
{

  /**
   *
Replication Configuration replicated disk.

See Also:
   AWS
   * API Reference

   */
  class AWS_MGN_API ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk
  {
  public:
    ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk();
    ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk(Aws::Utils::Json::JsonView jsonValue);
    ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& operator=(Aws::Utils::Json::JsonView jsonValue);
    Aws::Utils::Json::JsonValue Jsonize() const;

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline const Aws::String& GetDeviceName() const{ return m_deviceName; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline bool DeviceNameHasBeenSet() const { return m_deviceNameHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline void SetDeviceName(const Aws::String& value) { m_deviceNameHasBeenSet = true; m_deviceName = value; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline void SetDeviceName(Aws::String&& value) { m_deviceNameHasBeenSet = true; m_deviceName = std::move(value); }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline void SetDeviceName(const char* value) { m_deviceNameHasBeenSet = true; m_deviceName.assign(value); }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithDeviceName(const Aws::String& value) { SetDeviceName(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithDeviceName(Aws::String&& value) { SetDeviceName(std::move(value)); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk device name.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithDeviceName(const char* value) { SetDeviceName(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk IOPs.

     */
    inline long long GetIops() const{ return m_iops; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk IOPs.

     */
    inline bool IopsHasBeenSet() const { return m_iopsHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk IOPs.

     */
    inline void SetIops(long long value) { m_iopsHasBeenSet = true; m_iops = value; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk IOPs.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithIops(long long value) { SetIops(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk boot disk.

     */
    inline bool GetIsBootDisk() const{ return m_isBootDisk; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk boot disk.

     */
    inline bool IsBootDiskHasBeenSet() const { return m_isBootDiskHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk boot disk.

     */
    inline void SetIsBootDisk(bool value) { m_isBootDiskHasBeenSet = true; m_isBootDisk = value; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk boot disk.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithIsBootDisk(bool value) { SetIsBootDisk(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk staging disk type.

     */
    inline const ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType& GetStagingDiskType() const{ return m_stagingDiskType; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk staging disk type.

     */
    inline bool StagingDiskTypeHasBeenSet() const { return m_stagingDiskTypeHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk staging disk type.

     */
    inline void SetStagingDiskType(const ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType& value) { m_stagingDiskTypeHasBeenSet = true; m_stagingDiskType = value; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk staging disk type.

     */
    inline void SetStagingDiskType(ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType&& value) { m_stagingDiskTypeHasBeenSet = true; m_stagingDiskType = std::move(value); }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk staging disk type.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithStagingDiskType(const ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType& value) { SetStagingDiskType(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk staging disk type.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithStagingDiskType(ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType&& value) { SetStagingDiskType(std::move(value)); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk throughput.

     */
    inline long long GetThroughput() const{ return m_throughput; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk throughput.

     */
    inline bool ThroughputHasBeenSet() const { return m_throughputHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk throughput.

     */
    inline void SetThroughput(long long value) { m_throughputHasBeenSet = true; m_throughput = value; }

    /**
     *
Replication Configuration replicated disk throughput.

     */
    inline ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDisk& WithThroughput(long long value) { SetThroughput(value); return *this;}

  private:

    Aws::String m_deviceName;
    bool m_deviceNameHasBeenSet;

    long long m_iops;
    bool m_iopsHasBeenSet;

    bool m_isBootDisk;
    bool m_isBootDiskHasBeenSet;

    ReplicationConfigurationReplicatedDiskStagingDiskType m_stagingDiskType;
    bool m_stagingDiskTypeHasBeenSet;

    long long m_throughput;
    bool m_throughputHasBeenSet;
  };

} // namespace Model
} // namespace mgn
} // namespace Aws


A boy befriends a naga (or snake), disguised as a young man of about the same age. When the naga reveals his true snake-like form, the boy rejects him out of fear. Only when he misses his special companion, does he learn the meaning of friendship.


The PIC stands for Productivity Innovation Credit, it is administered by Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS). The PIC grant Singapore and PIC bonus help to improve local SMEs businesses and invest in all SMEs innovation and productivity. This is supported by the Singapore government with IRAS being the administrator, to provide in the form of 400% tax deduction, allowances and/or cash payout for expenditure in any of the six qualify activities.
How much does PIC grant help SMEs and how much is online presence helping SMEs?
Research demonstrates that smaller businesses, by and large, are not maximizing the benefit of their Internet presence. This may be surprising to hear, and even disappointing to some, but it should be pointed out that those taking advantages of it, will be experiencing the significant gains.
Credits to Singapore government for coming up with the generous goodies, initiated in 2010 budget, further enhanced in the subsequent years, the purpose is to help SMEs businesses in Singapore to maximize savings and accelerate their productivity and innovation – that's the PIC grant for SMEs in Singapore.
From YA2013 to 2015, you may also enjoy a PIC Bonus, a dollar-for-dollar matching cash bonus given on top of the existing tax deductions and cash payout. Check the Self-Assessment of Eligibility for PIC+ Scheme.
Bring your Business up on the Internet, you can print your web address to your name card and keep your customer updated through the internet on your recent promotion, event, and products. many entrepreneurs start a business in Singapore without having a functional and user-friendly website.
There are also cases whereby they haven't considered having a website created or made. It is a fair good return of investment for building a website with us, keeping your business running 24/7.
The PIC Grant rewards Singapore companies who innovate and become more productive, and your company can claim up to a cost of $100,000 (60% at $60,000).
Read details in CashPayout PIC grant pdf file and let Imperial Program help you to take your business to the next level.
Our Imperial e Service check here.


Thanks WP Engineer! New actions and filters can only be a good thing.
@Dave: I think no, the value have no filters. The values and content is indie the function wp_dashboard_recent_comments(). I think you must add your custom dashboard widget.
WordPress 3.8 is totally differ from its previous and its features and new stuffs are really good.
Thanks for telling new changes. I am wordpress developer and your new tips always help me.
I love -comment_notification_notify_author- this one! I urge all authors to check their posts on my website and respond to all comments made, this will make my job much easier!
Great change in dashboard but they are updating their cores quite frequently now. They should now be stable for sometime.


When you need debt solutions, contacting a Lafayette bankruptcy lawyer from Price Law Group can help you begin to take control of your finances and make a positive step towards resolving your financial troubles. Our firm has extensive knowledge of bankruptcy law and work statewide to obtain relief for our clients who are suffering from overwhelming debt. Our firm offers a considerable array of debt relief solutions, including: filing bankruptcy, Chapter 7, Chapter 13, Chapter 11, loan modifications, short sales, foreclosure defense, creditor abuse, tax resolution, alternatives to bankruptcy, bankruptcy exemptions, debt negotiation, discharging your debt, debt settlement, debt relief, debt litigation, debt consolidation, collections defense, debt counseling, repossessions, wage garnishment, and credit restoration. We can also provide you with considerable information regarding: bankruptcy myths, means test, fair debt collection practices act, why hire a bankruptcy attorney?, filing for bankruptcy, benefits of bankruptcy, the bankruptcy process, and life after bankruptcy.
Bankruptcy is not for everyone, but our firm can help you with the information you need to make the decision whether it is the right choice for you. There are other options we can help you with that will stop creditor harassment and begin to resolve debt issues should you feel bankruptcy is not an alternative for you. We understand the stress and anxiety unpaid debt can cause a family and we are dedicated to helping you with a resolution to this problem. Having helped over 60,000 individuals with their troubles, we are positive there is a solution we can provide you. When you contact our firm, we offer you a free initial consultation to discuss your situation and provide you with answers.
Contact a Lafayette Bankruptcy Lawyer for caring and skilled legal representation when facing bankruptcy.


Groasis - Waterboxx - Inquiring Systems Inc.
Groasis is the technology and manufacturing arm of our proprietary Waterboxx project. ISI has waterbox projects in Wukrpo Ethiopia, Sonoma CA, and several other test sites in the United States, including Kentucky, Colorado, and New Mexico. The following is an example of one of our projects.
The central purpose of this continuing project is to develop, through direct action and personal involvement, a practical methodology that enhances the understanding and capability of children, both in the United States and Ethiopia. The students are learning to grow and produce plants, with a reduced dependence on water sources, in order to to provide some portion of their food needs.
The Food by Youth Project is a Tree-planting program involving 100 students from the El Verano Elementary School in Sonoma, CA USA and 100 students from the Selam Elementary School in Wukro, Ethiopia. Each student receives one Groasis waterboxx and one fruit tree. They plant their tree in proximity to their home, in the school compound or on the nearest beekeeping training site/nursery associated with this project.
In the USA, the Project is implemented by the El Verano Elementary School in Sonoma, CA. In Ethiopia the Project is lead by 'Mums for Mums' Executive Director Ashenafi Asmelash and the Mums for Mums staff. The Ethiopian part of the project is monitored and assisted by Ms. Zewdi Abadi.
A selection of ten different and compatible fruit tree species are planted in each country. Each school employs the Groasis Waterboxx technology and teach the students how to plant using this resource. After training, the students are provided with a Waterboxx and tree to take to their homes/school site. After the planting process is accomplished, typically within a week, the staff from the MUMs and the school evaluate the plantings and undertake data collection and a control process for the plants at each home/site. Success and failure rates of planting quality are recorded. Incorrect plantings are� replanted under the supervision of the staff but with the student undertaking this replanting process.
Throughout the subsequent year, the condition and growth of each plant is� monitored and recorded. At year's end, the condition of the tree and the survival rate of all of the plantings are documented. The students may retain the boxes for further use. In this manner, the practical side of producing food is conveyed and retained by each student. The participating students also receive further science-based information pertaining to specific aspects of plant production including: condensation, photo-synthesis, water capillary processes, plant nutrition, growing mediums, fertilizer and related topics.
The project enhances each participant's understanding and appreciation of the scientific and practical aspects of producing food, as well as the� benefits derived from eating organic, fresh and local whole food. The Project especially focuses on the social and cultural challenges that occur when transferring knowledge from teachers to students and how this knowledge is then� usefully and functionally transferred to the child's parents.
Connect with�ISI on Facebook to get news and updates!


Forum site XDA has created a downloadable Tasker action that you can use to intercept voice commands like "navigate to home." It will pass your command to Google Maps, but add the parameters to avoid toll roads, highways, or ferries. You can customize the Tasker action based on which ones you'd like to avoid. It's a handy little tweak that can make your commute that much easier. Check out the XDA post below for instructions on how to download and use it.


United's ideal start to the season in the English Premier League came to an end as Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting became the first player to score against them this season, netting twice for Stoke by capitalising on errors by Eric Bailly and Phil Jones. Stoke have failed to beat United in each of their last three head-to-heads and could well come unstuck as a result.
But like Stoke's lead in the first half, United's in the second was short-lived. It's been a good way to start but we can not relax.
Classic Jose Mourinho in the postgame protocol today.
"If one day to win we have to play defensive football, we have to do it", said Mourinho.
Manchester United signed Sweden defender Victor Lindelof in a £30m deal from Portuguese giants Benfica this summer. Darmian appeared to hesitate on closing his man down for City's first and Jones let his man get away from him during a set-piece for their second. Paul Pogba met Nemanja Matic's flick on, but his header took a deflection off Marcus Rashford, who claimed the goal.
The Cameroonian worldwide played an integral part in a frenetic encounter, scoring his first Potters' goal and breaking the deadlock in the 43 minute; sliding in ahead of the visiting defence to finish off a fine passing move from six yards after great work from Darren Fletcher and Mame Biram Diouf.
Beijing says the system's powerful radars will be able to monitor flights and missile launches deep inside northeastern China. That reflects Trump's own view, expressed last week on Twitter, that "talking is not the answer" with North Korea.
Rashford's form puts extra pressure on Anthony Martial, who was overlooked by France coach Didier Deschamps for the fourth global get-together in succession. Striker Eric Maxim Choupo-Moting is also a doubt after picking up a hamstring injury in Cameroon's World Cup qualifying defeat to Nigeria.
José Mourinho handed Ander Herrera his first start of the season, lining his team in a more robust 4-3-3, no doubt hoping to assert greater control in midfield.
"I've had two different experiences already, two completely different games", said the former Schalke forward. If United are going to challenge on all fronts this season they're better with than without Herrera in the team.
He added, "There is a lot more to come".
Owen then continued rather skeptically, "I think they are all much of a muchness really". It's still the beginning and I will try to do my best. It was a tough game against a good team like Stoke.
"Our start has not been bad". The team Manchester United has four wins and one loss in the last five matches.
Constellation Brands had a net margin of 16.65% and a return on equity of 19.07%. (NYSE:STZ) to report earnings on October, 4. Gotham Asset Mngmt Ltd Limited Liability Company reported 0.04% in Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL).
On Monday, August 28 the stock rating was maintained by Jefferies with "Buy". (NASDAQ:MU) puts the stock on today's active list. Digging a bit further, company shares have been noted -0.52% off the 52 week high and 102.78% away from the 52 week low.
But the official says under worldwide law, countries can only establish diplomatic posts when the host country consents. "He's not my bride, and I'm also not his bride or groom", Putin said during the BRICS summit in China Tuesday.
He declined to say whether he'd accept a nuclear-armed North Korea that can be successfully deterred from using atomic weapons. South Korea braced for a possible further missile test by North Korea when it marks its founding anniversary on Saturday.
Saakashvili contends the revocation was illegal and that he wants to challenge it in Ukraine. Hundreds of his supporters gathered on the Ukrainian side of the crossing in anticipation.
To obtain viable populations, managers could target historic abundance and high enough growth rates to avoid near-term extinction. Tagged butterflies will be tracked as they migrate south to overwinter in Mexico.
And, yesterday's breach also involves almost twice the number affected by a financial firm, the last being the cyberattack at J.P. Equifax's statement says the company shut down the unauthorized access immediately when it discovered it.
Also remember the PC version of the game hasn't launched yet, and is now scheduled for an October 24 release. Destiny 2 hasn't even released on all of the platforms yet and it's already turning out wonderful numbers.
Before retiring this summer, China's long-time point man on North Korea , Wu Dawei, had not visited the country for over a year. But South Korea's ambassador to Canada, Maeng-ho Shin, says citizens of Seoul aren't living in a state of fear.
Hurricane Irma hit the Florida Keys this morning as a Category 4 storm with 130 miles per hour maximum sustained winds. The first hurricane-force winds arrived in the Keys Saturday night, bending palm trees and bringing driving rains.
It is only the courage and leadership of Issa Amro that is keeping them from succeeding and destroying more Palestinian land. Re: Immediate and Unconditional Release of Palestinian Human Rights Defender, Issa Amro.
The Nordic Voyager, a crude oil tanker, is now sailing under the flag of the Cayman Islands, according to vesselfinder.com. Navy warplane as it prepared to land on an aircraft carrier in the Gulf, a U.S. official said at the time.
Major shareholders that own at least 10% of a company's stock are required to disclose their sales and purchases with the SEC. Arrow Investment Advisors LLC grew its stake in shares of SunCoke Energy Partners, L.P.by 0.3% during the second quarter.


text:
Olympic Faces: Golfers Henrik Stenson & Anna Nordqvist
Photo: Keith Allison
As the world's best athletes compete in Rio for the Summer Olympics, Umgås will highlight some of Sweden's best and brightest.
Today, we take a look at Henrik Stenson and Anna Nordqvist.
Sport – Golf
Vitals – Stenson: 40 years old…from Gothenburg, Sweden… world's No. 5 player
Nordqvist: 29 years old…from Eskiltuna, Sweden…world's No. 11 player
Why You Should Watch – Golf makes its return to the Olympics for the first time since 1904, and Stenson and Nordqvist could be in the mix. Stenson earned his first major by winning this year's British Open and also finished tied for seventh in the PGA Championship. Nordqvist was the runner up at this year's U.S. Women's Open, losing in a playoff. She has finished in the Top 10 at three LPGA events this year, including a win in the ShopRite LPGA Classic Presented by Acer in June.
Fore! – Stenson simply was brilliant at The British Open, especially on the last day. Here's the putt that capped his historic weekend.
Class Act – A big blow to Nordqvist's hopes of winning the U.S. Women's Open was when it was ruled that she grounded her club in a bunker, a two-stroke penalty. As unfortunate as it was, she was praised for the way she handled the situation in the moment as well as afterward.
Getting Social – Stenson is on Twitter and Instagram; Nordqvist is on Twitter and Instagram.
Want more Umgås? Sign up for the monthly email that includes our most popular stories.
Umgås Staff
Umgås is your online destination to celebrate Swedish life and culture in the United States.
Read More By Umgås Staff


One Measurement(Pirate Ladies/1142):Chest 90cm,Waist sixty eight-78cm,Best Period 56cm,Skirt Period 41cm.
Notice:Tile Measurement,permit 1-2cm mistakes,elastic material.
Notice:Measurement mearsured via ourselves.Occasionally has a few mistakes inside 1-2cm!
Appropriate for Halloween, Birthday party, Cosplay, Masquerade, and so on.


This three track release features two peices from Demdike Stare's now sold out Make Do And Mend CD finally remastered and pressed on to vinyl due to popular demand whle the exclusive collaboration from Slant Azymuth and Bruno Spoerri echoes the sprit of Whittaker/Votel/Canty's deleted debut EP and pre-empts the forthcoming self-funded soundtrack LP of unreleased music to a experimental Swiss film due for release via Finders Keepers' Cache Cache secret siter label later this spring.
2. Demdike Stare & Horrific Child – H.I.A.


text:
what percent- age of children and adolescents would be overweight, obese, and ExHi obese in 2030?
Trends in Body Mass Index and Prevalence of Extreme High Obesity Among Pennsylvania Children and Adolescents, 2007–2011: Promising but Cautionary David Lohrmann, PhD, Ahmed YoussefAgha, PhD, and Wasantha Jayawardene, MD
The economic consequences of obesity in the United States were estimated at $147 billion annually in 2008.1 To better understand these costs, obesity trends to the year 2030 were predicted.2 Obesity prevalence could reach 51% by 2030, but is more likely to stay at more than 40% because of recently emerging posi- tive developments. A subcategory, severe obe- sity, that is, body mass index (BMI; defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) of 40 or greater for adults, has increased faster than overall obesity and is projected to grow from 5% of adults in 2010 to 11% of adults by 2030.2 This growth, with its attendant increased risks of disease, will esca- late costs even if overall obesity prevalence stabilizes.2
Because obesity rates vary across states, the financial burden is not uniform.3 State-specific differences, such as lower cost of less healthy foods, can affect obesity and severe obesity prevalence together with current and projected health care costs.2 Because of the state-specific nature of Medicaid and Medicare expenditures, much of the high cost of obesity-related disease is borne by public sector health plans.
Today's children and adolescents will be the youngest adults in 2030; therefore, obesity prevention for the future requires monitoring of obesity prevalence rates among this popu- lation over time. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US children from 1999 to 2010 were determined based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.4 Preva- lence of high BMI in US children and adoles- cents has also been studied.5 By 2010, fewer than 12% of those aged 2 to 19 years nation- wide were at or above the 97th percentile (extreme high obese [ExHi obese]); 17% were above the 95th percentile (obese), and 32% were above the 85th percentile (overweight). A statistically significant increase among 6- to
19-year-old males with a BMI at or above
the 97th percentile was found between 1999
and 2008.4
To inform prevention efforts, state govern- ments have a vested interest in monitoring
obesity prevalence among all age groups, and
especially among children and adolescents.
Pennsylvania, for example, mandates annual
height and weight screening with BMI calcula-
tion for all public school students statewide.6
One recent study assessed child and adolescent
BMI trends in Pennsylvania, excluding Phila-
delphia and surrounding counties, for 2005 to
20097 and found combined overweight and
obese rates decreased from 28.5% to 23.1% at
the middle school level and from 24.6% to
20.9% at high school levels, but increased from
10.9% to 20% at the elementary level. The
largest shift in BMI over the subset of years
from 2007 to 2009 was among overweight
elementary students; 58% of those who were
overweight in 2007 were obese in 2009.
Overweight and obese increased for the study
population as a whole because of this sharp
increase among elementary students. In a sec-
ond, separate study,8 trends in obese (BMI
‡ 95th percentile) and ExHi obese (defined8
as BMI ‡ 35 kg/m2) among 5- to 18-year-old students attending Philadelphia schools in 2006
to 2010 were determined; obesity across all
ages decreased from 21.5% to 20.5% and ExHi
obese from 8.5% to 7.9%. Obese and ExHi
obese were most prevalent among middle
school students, Hispanic boys, and Black girls.8
The purpose of our study was to determine prevalence, trends, and patterns in overweight,
obese, and ExHi obese among Pennsylvania
school children. Specific research questions were:
Objectives.We determined current trends and patterns in overweight, obesity,
and extreme high obesity among Pennsylvania pre-kindergarten (pre-K) to 12th
grade students and simulated future trends.
Methods.We analyzed body mass index (BMI) of pre-K to 12th grade students
from 43 of 67 Pennsylvania counties in 2007 to 2011 to determine trends and to
discern transition patterns among BMI status categories for 2009 to 2011.
Vinsem simulation, confirmed by Markov chain modeling, generated future
prevalence trends.
Results. Combined rates of overweight, obesity, and extreme high obesity
decreased among secondary school students across the 5 years, and among
elementary students, first increased and then markedly decreased. BMI status
remained constant for approximately 80% of normal and extreme high obese
students, but both decreased and increased among students who initially were
overweight and obese; the increase in BMI remained significant.
Conclusions. Overall trends in child and adolescent BMI status seemed
positive. BMI transition patterns indicated that although overweight and obesity
prevalence leveled off, extreme high obesity, especially among elementary
students, is projected to increase substantially over time. If current transition
patterns continue, the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and extreme high
obesity among Pennsylvania students in 2031 is projected to be 16.0%, 6.6%,
and 23.2%, respectively. (Am J Public Health. 2014;104:e62–e68. doi:10.2105/
AJPH.2013.301851)
e62 | Research and Practice | Peer Reviewed | Lohrmann et al. American Journal of Public Health | April 2014, Vol 104, No. 4
1. What were the prevalence and trends in overweight, obese, and ExHi obese from 2007 to 2011 among elementary, middle, and high school students?
2. What movement patterns, if any, occurred in normal weight, overweight, obese, and ExHi obese among Pennsylvania elemen- tary, middle, and high school students from 2009 to 2011?
3. If current patterns continue, what percent- age of children and adolescents would be overweight, obese, and ExHi obese in 2030?
Nurses in more than 1157 pre-kindergarten (pre-K) to 12th grade public and private schools located in 43 of 67 Pennsylvania counties, excluding Philadelphia and surrounding counties, used an electronic health record in- cluded in a web-based school health portal called "Health eTools for Schools" to record and report student medical data,7,9 including the annual height and weight for all enrolled students measured by established protocols.10
Along with unique identifiers, gender, and date of birth, medical data were compiled in a data repository maintained by InnerLInk (Lancaster, PA), the company that provides Health eTools at no cost to schools through funding from the Highmark Foundation.9 All appli- cable federal and state safeguards of family and student rights, both medical and educa- tional, were followed in the compilation of these data. Access was provided to de- identified data on the InnerLink server via a password-protected Internet link.
Between 2007 and 2011, a total of 685 531 viable student health records were collected. The number varied, with 71 487 for 2007, 186 585 for 2008, 107 705 for 2009, 107 699 for 2010, and 212 055 for 2011. Files were configured into a relational database by using data processing techniques, which were then summarized and aggregated into 3 categories: age, gender, and school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high school). Because race/ethnicity was not recorded in student health records, this variable could not be addressed. The total number of data strings was sufficiently robust for analyses.
A SAS program11 for children and adoles- cents developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with 2000 as the growth reference year for calculation of percentiles and z-score, was used to calculate individual BMI. Because of a number of factors that influence height and weight in children, growth chart percentiles were used to deter- mine high BMI in children and adolescents5; the 97th percentile was adequate for seg- menting ExHi BMI-for-age in children.12
Therefore, overweight was defined for this study as at or above the 85th percentile but less than 95th percentile, obese as at or above the 95th percentile but less than 97th percen- tile, and ExHi obese as at or above the 97th percentile. We validated data to eliminate in- consistencies and unrealistic outliers for BMI, with values of BMI greater than 56.3 (56.3 = 40 + 3 · SD, i.e., 2.25% over the upper normal mass limit 56.3/25 = 2.25) and less than 7 eliminated. Outliers constituted 263 of 685 531 cases (0.04%).
We analyzed BMI trends using the least- squares method, a simple linear regression formula, BMImean = a0 + a1 · Year, which was used to ascertain trends in annual BMI percentage for overweight, obese, and ExHi obese over 5 years for all students. This yielded 3 separate equations (the 1.95% of under- weight students was not a focus of this study). Correlations between the dependent variable (percentage of normal weight, percentage of overweight, percentage of obese, or percentage of ExHi obese) and the independent variable (year) were checked before constructing re- gression models. We used the Pearson v2 test to determine significant differences based on gender, distributed over the 5 years (2007— 2011), controlling for BMI category and school level.
To reveal possible BMI transitions from 2009 to 2011, we calculated BMI categories via conditional probabilities, based on Bayesian statistics. We applied the v2 test to determine significance levels. Only students with matched identification numbers for 2009, 2010, and 2011, and only those who remained exclu- sively within a school level (i.e., elementary, pre-K–5; middle, 6—8; and high school, 9—12) over the 3 measurement years (2009—2011) were included in the analysis. This approach helped avoid cross-contamination for school
level type, yet still yielded viable data from more than 80 000 students.
Using Vinsem13 software, we created a sim- ulation covering 20 years that calculated future rates of overweight, obese, and ExHi obese based on (1) the number of students within each BMI category in 2009, (2) current con- ditional BMI movement patterns, and (3) as- sumed continuation of the current BMI move- ment patterns. Vinsem software was previously used to simulate epidemics of both infectious14
and chronic disease.15 We confirmed the sim- ulation results by Markov chain modeling.16
Regarding BMI trends, yearly percentages for overweight increased somewhat from 2007 to 2009, but the linear slope lines for all 3 categories declined from 2007 to 2011 (Figure 1).
Because food services, availability of food in school, and opportunities to be physically active, along with prevention and intervention initiatives might have varied, BMI status data were segmented by school level. School level also separated students by developmental cat- egories—childhood (elementary school), young adolescence (middle school), and middle ado- lescence (high school). Therefore, percentages of students in the overweight, obese, and ExHi obese categories were provided by school level (Figure 2) for 2007 to 2011. Combined rates of overweight, obese, and ExHI obese de- creased steadily from 2009 to 2011 for all school levels. The combined rates for middle and high school steadily declined across all years. After increasing from 2007 to 2009, the combined rate at elementary school peaked in 2009 and receded thereafter. With the excep- tion of elementary students in 2008 and 2009, the combined percentage of obese and ExHi obese students was greater than the percentage overweight at all school levels for all years. Likewise, the highest percentages of combined obese and ExHi obese students were found in middle schools. For all school levels and across all years, the percentage of ExHi obese students was more than double the percentage of obese students. Based on the Pearson v2
test, elementary school boys were more likely than girls to be overweight (P = .01) or obese (P = .04). Both middle and high school
April 2014, Vol 104, No. 4 | American Journal of Public Health Lohrmann et al. | Peer Reviewed | Research and Practice | e63
boys were more likely to be ExHi obese (P = .01).
Figure 3 depicts transitions in student BMI status from 2009 to 2011, with results pro- vided as percentages for students in grades pre- K to 12, as well as separately for elementary, middle, and high school students as provided, respectively, in parentheses. The subset of 80 770 students included in these percentages had their BMIs calculated in 2009, 2010, and 2011, and were linked by unique member identifiers for this analysis. (Data from the very low percentage of underweight students in the sample were excluded to assure more accurate v2 results.) Although overweight, obese, and ExHi obese prevalence rates for this subset were somewhat lower than that for the overall study population, these differences were not statistically significant (P= .723).
Between 2009 and 2011, more than 80% of students who were normal or ExHi obese did not change category, whereas almost half of the students initially in the overweight category and approximately three quarters of those in the obese category decreased or increased their BMIs; rates at which students remained within their initial BMI category were relatively con- sistent by school level. For example, the per- centage of obese students in each school level
(elementary: 25.04%; middle school: 23.66%; high school: 23.06%) all clustered around the overall rate of 24.38%.
Several BMI transition patterns were evident (Figure 3). Loop 1 presents BMI patterns for normal and overweight, and loop 4 shows BMI patterns for normal and obese students. For all students, movement from overweight to nor- mal was 19% higher than for movement from normal to overweight (loop 1), a pattern that was somewhat more pronounced for middle and high school students than for elementary students. Additionally, 7 times more students moved from obese to normal (loop 4) than moved from normal to obese; this ranged from 5.92% of elementary to 10.03% of high school students who were obese in 2009 and normal in 2011.
Loops 2, 3, and 5 present the BMI patterns for overweight, obese, and ExHi obese. The combined percentages of all students who moved from obese (loop 2) or ExHi obese (loop 5) to overweight (36.59%) were substantially higher than the combined percentages of stu- dents who moved from overweight to obese and ExHi obese (23.55%). Conversely, 4.5 times more students moved from obese to ExHi obese than moved from ExHi obese to obese (loop 3). This pattern was similar for students
from all 3 school levels, with a slightly higher percentage of elementary students moving from obese to ExHi obese. In addition, a greater combined percentage of elementary (52.16%) than middle (44.01%) or high school (42.12%) students moved from obese to ExHi obese and overweight to ExHi obese, and fewer elemen- tary (14.51%) than middle (15.57%) or high school (17.52%) students moved in the op- posite direction from ExHi obese to obese and ExHi obese to overweight. Based on the simulation of BMI category transitions (Figure 4), the prevalence of overweight, obese, and ExHi obese among Pennsylvania students in 2031 was projected to be 16.0%, 6.6%, and 23.2%, respectively, with the highest prevalence of ExHi obese among elementary students (31%; middle school, 17%; high school, 13%).
The year 2009 appeared to have been a watershed for child and adolescent obesity in Pennsylvania. The rapidly escalating over- weight and obesity prevalence among elemen- tary students peaked in that year, and then decreased in 2010 and 2011 to approximately 2007 levels. Although, in retrospect, the 5-year trend began declining for all 3 conditions in 2007, this decline was not detectable before 2009. By 2010, a similar trend was identified for obese and ExHi obese students in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area.8 Based on overall percentages, Pennsylvania made nota- ble progress toward achieving the Healthy People 2020 obesity prevalence objectives for children (aged 6—11 years; 15.7%) and adolescents (aged 12—19 years; 16.1%).17
Despite these promising findings, the preva- lence of overweight, obese, and ExHi obese among Pennsylvania children and adolescents was still more than 2% points higher in 2011 than for the United States in 2010.4 Consistent with national findings,5 middle school- and high school-aged boys were more likely than their female counterparts to be ExHi obese. If all individuals with BMIs at or above the 95th percentile were considered, approxi- mately one third were classified as obese and two thirds as ExHi obese; the percentage of children and adolescents who were ExHi obese in 2011 already exceeded the 2030
y = –0.6833x + 1390.9 R² = 0.51
y = –0.47x + 950.1 R² = 0.93
y = –0.1647x + 344.91 R² = 0.60
Pe rc
en ta
ge o
f S tu
de nt
Overweight Obese ExHi obese
Linear (overweight) Linear (obese) Linear (ExHi obese)
Note. ExHi = extreme high. The sample size was n = 685 531. The city of Philadelphia and its surrounding counties were
excluded from this analysis.
FIGURE 1—Trend in overweight, obese, and extreme high obese prevalence by percentage:
Pennsylvania schools, 43 of 67 counties, 2007–2011.
severe obese projections for US adults by more than 2 percentage points (13.7% vs the projected 11%).
Uniquely, our study and 1 previous study of the Pennsylvania school population7 employed mathematical modeling to determine whether
student BMI status remained static or changed over time. Our study confirmed the previous finding7 that child and adolescent BMI status moved substantially in both desirable and un- desirable directions, especially among over- weight and obese categories, within relatively short periods of time. Results indicated that the movement of students from overweight toward obese and ExHi obese and from obese to ExHi obese, especially among elementary students, tended to overpower movement in the oppo- site direction. Therefore, the 20-year simula- tion determined that the prevalence of ExHi obese among Pennsylvania pre-K to 12th grade students could almost double by 2031, pri- marily driven by current transition patterns among elementary school children. The prev- alence of obesity and ExHi obesity among today's children when they are adults 15 to 20 years hence cannot be predicted; however, previous research showed that children with higher levels of obesity18 and who were obese as adolescents19 were likely to be obese as adults.18,19 Obesity prevalence was shown to double twice from adolescents to adults in their early 30s, with obese adolescents most likely to remain obese as adults.20
On the positive side, substantial percentages of students moved from ExHi obese back to either obese or overweight and from obese to overweight or normal weight in 2009 to 2011. The previous study7 found that 56% of over- weight elementary students moved to obese status between 2007 and 2009, but based on findings of our present study, that percentage then dropped by more than half (24.7%) in 2009 to 2011. These developments, if sus- tained, could help reduce the prevalence of ExHi obesity20 because they clearly demonstrated that movement in the desirable direction by a considerable percentage of individuals is possible. Additionally, this type of information, when known, could be used to target interven- tion programming for the greatest impact.7
Determining the exact reasons for emerging BMI trends and movement patterns was not possible in this case because the kinds, amount, and intensity of healthy eating and physical activity programs in participating schools were not monitored and might have varied. None- theless, some circumstantial information about improvements in school health policy, envi- ronment, and programs nationally, and for
Pre-K–5G_2007
G6–8_2007
G9–12_2007
Percentage of Students
G ra
nd Y
ea r
Note. BMI = body mass index; ExHi = extreme high; G6–8 = middle school; G9–12 = high school; Pre-K–5G = elementary
school. The sample size was n = 685 531; elementary school: n = 328 687; middle school: n = 182 851; high school: n =
173 993. Female: n = 335 111; mean BMI = 20.773 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.714, 20.751). Male: n = 305 420;
mean BMI = 20.647 (95% CI = 20.647, 20.683). The city of Philadelphia and its surrounding counties were excluded from
this analysis.
FIGURE 2—Percentages of overweight, obese, and extreme high obese students by school
level: Pennsylvania schools, 43 of 67 counties, 2007–2011.
Pennsylvania, were known. As previously in- dicated, personnel in all Pennsylvania public schools were mandated through state policy to accurately measure every student's height and weight annually, notify all parents or guardians, in writing, of their child's BMI status, and encourage them to bring this to their child's physician's attention if the BMI was in the overweight or obese ranges.6 Other school policies and practices were more supportive of healthy eating and increased physical activ- ity.21 Through its reauthorization of the school breakfast and lunch programs in 2004,22
Congress mandated that, by 2006, all partici- pating US schools adopt a wellness policy aimed at improving nutrition education, op- portunities for physical activity, and the food environments in schools. In May 2006, the Pennsylvania State Board of Education ampli- fied this broad federal mandate by adopting specified physical activity and nutritional stan- dards for public schools intended to incorpo- rate opportunities for students to be physically active, including recess and physical education, promote Safe Routes to School, and assure that all students participated in 30 minutes of daily physical activity.6 Nutrition standards for competitive foods in schools were also man- dated.23 Again in 2006, the Pennsylvania De- partments of Education and Health partnered with Highmark Foundation's Healthy High 5 program, a 5-year, $100 million initiative that
supported a variety of strategies in schools designed to address physical activity, nutrition, and other critical health issues.24 Pennsylvania is the fourth largest recipient of US Department of Agriculture Supplemental Nutrition Assis- tance Program Education funding nationally, and in 2010, it devoted $21 million to serving 221227 school-aged children.25 Previous re- search found that student fat, sugar, and calorie intake was reduced26 and BMI was positively affected27 in states with laws regulating foods sold in schools outside of the federal school meal program (i.e., competitive foods).
At the national level, the Clinton Foundation negotiated an agreement with the soft drink industry that subsequently resulted in a 90% reduction in calories distributed to schools.28
Related positive changes were documented in Pennsylvania at the school level.29,30 Data collected biannually from school administra- tors by the Pennsylvania Department of Edu- cation, and reported by the CDC, indicated that the presence of at least 1 vending machine decreased to 68% of schools in 2010, down from 77% in 2006, with content changes as well. The presence of soda pop and fruit drinks that were not 100% juice decreased from 51% of schools to 24%, and sports drinks decreased from 62% to 49%.30 Programmatically, 77% of Pennsylvania schools instituted some type of wellness advisory board by 2010, and nearly all established expected outcomes for physical
education.29 Also by 2010, 77% of schools required students to complete 2 or more health courses, up from 65% in 2006.
This study had several limitations. Informa- tion about race/ethnicity was not collected in student health records; therefore, no analyses based on this variable were conducted. How- ever, some applicable demographic informa- tion was available. The racial/ethnic composi- tion of the 43 counties containing study schools was 82.4% White, 7.9% Black, 9.7% other, 8.4% Hispanic, and 91.6% non-Hispanic.31 Of the19 Pennsylvania counties classified in 2010 as urban,3112 (63%) were represented in this study. In these 12 counties, 17.9% of children lived in poverty compared with12.4% in the 31 rural counties (16.0% combined).31,32
Furthermore, the number of student data strings available for analysis varied because the number of schools using Health eTools for Schools changed yearly, with some schools dropping off and others joining. Additionally, no comparisons could be made with students attending schools located in the 24 excluded Pennsylvania counties because health record data, including BMI, were only available from schools that used Health eTools for Schools. Because of the pattern of new children begin- ning school and others graduating from high school each year, some students' height and
Note. BMI = body mass index; ExHi = extreme high; G6–8 = middle school; G9–12 = high school; pre-kindergarten–5G = elementary school. The sample size was n = 80 770; elementary school: n = 48 309;
middle school: n = 24 384; high school: n = 8077. Conditional probabilities for individually matched BMI, 2009–2011. Normal→OverW = P(OverW11 Normal09) = 9.16%. Obese→Normal = P(Normal11 Obese09) = 7.11%. For percentages enclosed in parentheses, the first percentage pertains to elementary school, the second percentage pertains to middle school, and the
third percentage pertains to high school. The city of Philadelphia and its surrounding counties were excluded from this analysis. P < .001 based on the v2 test compared with the expected values.
FIGURE 3—Pattern of student body mass index migration reported by percentage: Pennsylvania schools, 43 of 67 counties, 2009–2011.
weight could not be measured for the 3 times required to be included in some analyses. Regardless, the total number of student data strings provided for any 1 year was sufficiently robust, as was the number of data strings avail- able for multiyear comparisons, to generate reli- able results. Because environments, medical technology, and behaviors might change, the simulation of obesity prevalence was not a pre- diction. Rather, simulation results suggested the prevalence rates should the child and adolescent BMI transition patterns of 2009 to 2011 remain unchanged over time. The simulation results also provided information that policymakers could use for generating better-informed decisions about obesity prevention resource allocation.
Overall trends in child and adolescent BMI status seem to bode well for Pennsylvania's future. BMI transition movement patterns, however, told a somewhat different story. Overweight and obesity prevalence were es- sentially leveling off. However, ExHi obesity, especially among elementary students, is projected to increase over time. The public health challenge most crucial to reversing the obesity epidemic is preventing the overweight
and obese children and adolescents of 2011 from moving into the obese or ExHi obese categories along with accelerating movement from ExHI obese and obese back toward over- weight and normal weight. To this end, evalua- tions should be conducted at the school level to assure compliance with mandated obesity pre- vention policy, environment, and program initia- tives, as well as to determine which, if any, school-based initiatives are clearly associated with improved BMI trends, and therefore, might pro- vide the greatest benefit. Given the fiscal impli- cations, state officials should be motivated to invest the current resources required to substan- tially improve the obesity and severe obesity trends among the adults of tomorrow. j
About the Authors David Lohrmann and Wasantha Jayawardene are with the Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana Uni- versity School of Public Health—Bloomington. Ahmed YoussefAgha is with the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health— Bloomington. Correspondence should be sent to Wasantha Jayawardene,
Department of Applied Health Science, SPH Bldg. 116, 1025 E 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405 (e-mail: wajayawa@indiana.edu). Reprints can be ordered at http://www.ajph.org by clicking the "Reprints" link. This article was accepted December 14, 2013.
Contributors D. Lohrmann contributed to the interpretation of find- ings and writing of the article. A. YoussefAgha contrib- uted to the data mining and analysis. W. Jayawardene contributed to data validation and review of the article.
Acknowledgments We thank the Highmark Foundation and Robert G. Gillio, MD, InnerLink Inc., for their support in prepa- ration of this article. The Journal of School Health (February 2013, Vol. 83, No. 2) published a companion article, which was based on Pennsylvania student data from 2005 to 2009.
Human Participant Protection This study was approved by the Indiana University Bloomington institutional review board.
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8. Robbins JM, Mallya G, Polansky M, Schwarz DF. Prevalence, disparities, and trends in obesity and severe obesity among students in the Philadelphia, Pennsylva- nia, school district, 2006-2010. Prev Chronic Dis. 2012;9:E145.
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Pr ev
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Note. ExHi = extreme high; G6–8 = middle school; G9–12 = high school; pre-kindergarten–5G = elementary school. The
sample size was = 80 770; elementary school: n = 48 309; middle school: n = 24 384; high school: n = 8077. The city of
Philadelphia and its surrounding counties were excluded from this analysis.
FIGURE 4—Simulation of student overweight, obese, and extreme high obese prevalence:
mailto:wajayawa@indiana.edu
Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(5):1314—1320.
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14. Repenning N, Sterman J, Rahmandad H. Simulating epidemics using VensimPLE. Massaschusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management. 2010. Avail- able at: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of- management/15-872-system-dynamics-ii-fall-2010/ assignments/MIT15_872F10_supp01a.pdf. Accessed July 12, 2013.
15. Zhang J, Osgood N, Dyck R. A system simulation model for type 2 diabetes in the Saskatoon health region. University of Saskatchewan. 2012. Available at: http:// www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/2012/proceed/ papers/P1209.pdf. Accessed July 12, 2013.
16. Ching W-K, Huang X, Ng MK, Siu TK.Markov Chains: Models, Algorithms and Applications. 2 ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.
17. US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020 Topics and Objectives. Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/ pdfs/HP2020objectives.pdf Accessed July 31, 2013.
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22. US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service; US Department of Health and Human Services. US Department of Education; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Local School Wellness Policies: Overview and Action Steps. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture; 2012.
23. Pennsylvania Department of Education Division of Food and Nutrition. Nutrition Standards for Compet- itive Foods in Pennsylvania Schools for the School Nutrition Incentive; 2008. Available at: http://www. pears.ed.state.pa.us/forms/files/PDE181.pdf. Accessed July 23, 2013.
24. Highmark Foundation. Highmark Healthy High Five, A Five-Year Initiative Report. 2012. Available at: http:// hhh5report.cg.com. Accessed July 27, 2013.
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26. Taber DR, Chriqui JF, Chaloupka FJ. Differences in nutrient intake associated with state laws regarding fat, sugar, and caloric content of competitive foods. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(5):452—458.
27. Taber DR, Chriqui JF, Perna FM, Powell LM, Chaloupka FJ. Weight status among adolescents in states that govern competitive food nutrition content. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):437—444.
28. Wescott RF, Fitzpatrick BM, Phillips E. Industry self-regulation to improve student health: quantifying changes in beverage shipments to schools. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(10):1928—1935.
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https://essaywave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/logo-300x75.png 0 0 developer https://essaywave.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/logo-300x75.png developer2022-01-15 12:31:342022-01-15 12:31:34what percent- age of children and adolescents would be overweight, obese, and ExHi obese in 2030?
What are some effective strategies to motivate dispersed team members in a virtual... For this first written assignment, you will select one of the vulnerable groups...


I love that it's Friday where you are. And I also love this desk! I can almost imagine keeping it cleaned off....almost.
I love that number 5. It's so clean and graphic.
Gorgeous and fantastic styling too (love that casual gallery wall!) I love the industrial/organic table lamp - and the desk too!
Yeah, this desk was my favourite part of the catalogue too. I love the storage in the legs, yet it's still really open.
It's really great and it's my favourite colours (matches my blog too :-) hee hee!) I have this desk but unfortunately mine doesn't look as cool as that! Loving Boudie & Fou as well. Happy Friday!
the cat print is very cute!
What a way to decorate! Love the desk!
I have been obsessed with Bodie & Fou for a couple years now - they were one of the inspirations I used for my store! The new catalogue is just too cool - seriously want that print!
I love it! So pretty but it's a are that's realistic and not so pristine that you can't work in it.
Love the desk, lamps and the floors!
Have a great weekend, Will!
Who is the desk by?


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A giant pearl - believed to be the biggest in the world and possibly worth over $100m (£76m) - has been discovered in the Philippines after a fisherman's family handed it in to authorities.
The huge pearl is confirmed to have come from a giant clam. It measures at 30.5cm in width and 2.2ft in length, and weighs a staggering 34kg.
It was discovered nearly a decade ago by the local fisherman but was kept hidden under his bed as a good luck charm until recently.
Puerto Princesa City Tourism Officer Aileen Amurao said the gigantic pearl was handed in by a relative of the fisherman.
"We were amazed when he brought it to us," Palawan tourism official Aileen Amurao told local media, the BBC reports.
Ms Amurao put out a plea on Facebook for gemologists to visit Puerto Princesa and help certify the pearl's authenticity and officials are currently waiting on confirmation of the gem's status as the largest pearl in the world.
Prior to this discovery, the world's largest pearl was known to be the Pearl of Lao Tzu, also found in the Philippines, and weighing 6.4kg.


text:
SCJ Earns National Recognition for Third Year in a Row
Named one of the fastest growing firms in the nation, Shea Carr Jewell, Inc. (SCJ) has earned a place on the Zweig Letter Hot Firm List for 2012. SCJ was also on the 2011 and 2010 lists.
The Zweig list identifies the 100 fastest-growing architecture, engineering and environmental consulting firms in the country. Nationally the industry is made up of 80,000 -90,000 firms. Specific rankings will be announced at an October Awards Celebration in Colorado.
A consulting and professional services firm with an emphasis on engineering and planning, SCJ has bucked economic trends and realized tremendous growth recently. In the last two years they have acquired a community planning and environmental services firm, an engineering specialties group and a public relations firm to bolster their competitive edge and market penetration.
"Shea Carr Jewell is always looking forward — seeking for new opportunities, new geographic markets and new technical disciplines to enhance client services," said Principal Perry Shea.
SCJ was founded in 2006 by Perry Shea, Jean Carr, and Bob Jewell with three employees. The Olympia, WA headquartered company now has over 35 employees and serves clients from offices in Olympia and Wenatchee, WA; Westminster, CO; and Boise, ID.
SCJ was also named the 2009 Small Business of the Year by the Thurston EDC and Civil Engineering News named them one of the Best Firms to Work for in the small firms' category in 2009 and 2010.
Aug 14, 2012 | Pam Folsom | Awards, News


Tembinkosi Bonakele is Commissioner at the South African Competition Commission in Pretoria. Tembinkosi Bonakele has been with the Commission for the past ten years. He briefly left the Commission in March 2013 and came back in October 2013 as Acting Commissioner. He has been in this position until his appointment as the Commissioner. Mr Bonakele has occupied various positions in the Commission's core divisions. He was appointed Deputy Commissioner in 2008, and prior to that worked as head of mergers, head of compliance and senior legal counsel respectively. He established the Commission's cartels division and has worked on all of the Commission's major cases over the past ten years, including the bread & flour and construction bid-rigging cartel cases, Telkom and SAB abuse of dominance cases and a number of high-profile mergers. He has been involved in negotiating most of the Commission's ground-breaking settlements and helped develop the Commission's Corporate Leniency Policy as well as the Construction Fast Track Settlement Policy. Mr Bonakele is an admitted attorney and previously practised with Cheadle Thompson and Haysom in Johannesburg largely in the areas of labour law, regulation and health and safety. He has also spent a year working in corporate finance & antitrust groups at Clifford Chance, New York office. He occasionally teaches competition law at the University of Fort Hare, Wits University and is a fellow of the University of Johannesburg's Centre for Competition, Regulation and Economic Development. He publishes academic journals and writes for newspapers and business magazines on competition matters. He holds a BJuris and an LLB from the University of Fort Hare and an MBA from Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS), University of Pretoria. Mr Bonakele currently serve as the Chairperson of the African Competition Forum and is a member of the International Competition Network Steering Group.