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Why Are EMI Filters Important?
August 6, 2020 2:22 pm Leave a Comment
EMI, or electromagnetic interference, is any electrical or magnetic force that impedes signal flow. This interference can degrade the quality of communications transmissions, hinder the flow of electricity, and even damage the affected equipment. Both narrowband interference, which is caused by human activity, and broadband emissions, which can be either human or naturally caused, are forms of EMI.
EMI filters are devices and modules that directly counter the effects of interference to stabilize the electrical flow or signal transmission, thus protecting the integrity of the system or device.
Dangers of EMI
Uncontrolled EMI presents many dangers to both the electrical devices being impacted by the interference and the signal itself. Damage can be either temporary or permanent, but even temporary effects can be catastrophic if it interferes with critical components to everyday life, such as medical equipment or military communications. EMI can:
Cause damage to electronics: Specifically, residential and commercial electronics, such as microwaves, refrigerators, and television systems, are vulnerable to damage from EMI. Temporary interference may cause systems to malfunction and over- or under-power devices, which can degrade the machinery's mechanical components.
Cause equipment to fail: When EMI blocks communication signal transmissions, it can make cell phones and other mobile devices fail. While this may be simply inconvenient in many residential contexts, it can be costly for employees and businesses and outright dire for hospitals, municipal facilities, and military installations. Some medical devices potentially vulnerable to EMI include pacemakers, hearing aids, and life support sensors.
Disrupt wireless communication: EMI can interfere with large-scale radio and television transmissions by inhibiting satellites. Commercial telecommunications systems may also suffer from unreliability, poor sound quality, and slow performance.
Interrupt power supply: EMI can be powerful enough to interfere with the power grid and localized electricity stations. It also can cause power failures for independent systems, such as military installations, mobile and remote sites.
Result in data loss and electronics malfunctions: When computers and cloud-based interactions are impeded, even for just a second, data can become lost and unrecoverable.
Each of these problems can have great consequences for the systems to which they are a part.
Where Does EMI Come From?
Like we briefly discussed earlier, there are two main sources, or types, of EMI: narrowband and broadband. Another way to categorize EMI is into human-made and natural sources of interference.
Man-Made EMI
In complex electronic systems or systems in crowded environments, such as hospitals or cities, technology can interfere with itself, resulting in man-made EMI. For example, some components within a computer may cause EMI, which interferes with more vulnerable components in the same computer. Alternatively, actively working medical equipment can interfere with sensors in a hospital room. Interference from other electronics in a shared space can be common.
Other man-made sources of EMI include more industrial ones, such as powerlines, generators, television, radio and satellite transmission, and operating systems for railroads and mass transit.
Natural EMI
Natural sources of EMI come from weather and cosmic effects. Common origins of EMI include lightning strikes, heavy storms, and cosmic noise. Even static electricity can cause natural EMI.
<Explore the difference between EMI and EMC.>
Choose Captor Corporation for EMI Filters
EMI filters can reduce or eliminate this issue. At Captor Corporation, we specialize in creating standard and custom EMI filters for a range of electronic devices, including aerospace and military EMI filters. Each of our products is designed to keep critical systems performing in optimal and consistent condition. Browse our EMI filters portfolio page to learn more about our custom EMI filter experience.
EMI vs. EMC: What's the Difference?
June 4, 2020 2:23 pm Leave a Comment
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) are both important considerations when working with electronic components. EMI is caused by electromagnetic emissions that can disrupt the function of electronic devices and radio frequency (RF) systems. These devices and systems must be properly shielded from electromagnetic radiation for them to work well. EMC measures how well these devices and systems can work in the presence of disruptive electromagnetic interference.
What is EMI?
Electromagnetic interference often manifests as undesirable noise. It may also lead to erratic or disrupted function of electrical, electronic, and RF systems. There are four types of EMI:
Conducted EMI – EMI that flows through wires and is caused by physical contact with the source of EMI.
Common Mode EMI – A high-frequency EMI that flows in the same direction through one or more conductors.
Differential Mode EMI – A low-frequency EMI that flows in an opposite direction though adjacent wires.
Radiated EMI – The most common type of EMI, caused by radiating electromagnetic fields. Common manifestations of radiated EMI include static noise on AM/FM radio receivers and "snow" on TV monitors.
Here are some of the most common sources of EMI:
Power generating equipment and peripherals, such as generators, power supplies, voltage regulators, switches and relays, battery chargers, and high voltage electrical transmission lines.
Devices operating at high frequencies, like oscillators, computing devices, radios, radar, and sonar equipment.
Machines that use both high voltage and high frequencies, including motors and ignition systems.
What is EMC?
Electromagnetic compatibility of an electrical, electronic, or RF device has two facets:
The ability to work properly in the presence of electromagnetic radiation.
The ability to not generate additional EMI that affects the operation of other devices in its vicinity.
The EMC of a device can be improved through good design, shielding, and EMI filtering. A device's EMC can be measured through compliance testing using dedicated test systems that consist of antennas, near field probes, and spectrum analyzers. Even though EMC testing can be expensive, it is essential to ensure that a design will function properly and won't generate disruptive electromagnetic interference.
<Learn why EMI filters are critical in electric devices.>
EMI and EMC Compliance
EMI and EMC compliance standards are not uniform around the world. Different regulatory bodies each have their own specific standards. For example, the compliance standards in the European Union are different from those in the United States. To further complicate matters, the U.S. military uses stricter standards than commercial industries. Even commercial compliance standards often vary depending on the specific industry and the end use of the device.
For reference, here are some of the most common compliance standards that must be met:
FCC Part 15 specifies U.S. EMC testing standards for consumer devices.
Military EMC testing standards can be found in MIL-STD 461 and MIL-STD 464.
In the EU, specifications by the ISO, IEC, CISPR, and other similar agencies govern EMI and EMC compliance.
Testing for compliance has to cover both immunity and emissions:
Immunity testing covers the susceptibility of the device to EMI, and whether it functions as designed in the presence of EMI of specified intensities, both continuously and intermittently.
Emissions testing ensures that any EMI emanating from a device remains within specified limits so that it won't cause ancillary devices to function incorrectly. Since EMI may occur through both conduction and radiation, a comprehensive emissions testing scenario must cover conducted EMI as well as radiated EMI.
EMI Solutions from Captor Corporation
Captor Corporation has been a leading supplier of electronic filters for aerospace, military, and other applications for more than 55 years. Our team of expert engineers and technicians specialize in all aspects of electronic filter design and manufacturing, including reverse engineering of electrical and electronic circuits. We frequently custom design filters to fix products that fail EMI and EMC compliance tests.
You can learn more about Captor's capabilities for designing standard and custom EMI filters from these links:
Tempest Filters
HEMP/EMP Filters
For more information about EMI and EMC and appropriate filter solutions from Captor Corporation, please request a quote today.
Captor Corporation Receives Raytheon IDS Supplier Excellence Award
March 20, 2020 6:10 pm Leave a Comment
Raytheon's Integrated Defense Systems business established the annual Supplier Excellence Awards program to recognize suppliers who have provided outstanding service and partnership in exceeding customer requirements. Award candidates are judged on certain criteria, including overall quality and on-time delivery. Captor Corporation was one of 86 companies recognized by Raytheon's Integrated Defense Systems business for 4-Star honors.
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Home Local First Congressional District Iowa Republican delegation stands out in abandoning President Trump during Electoral College...
Iowa Republican delegation stands out in abandoning President Trump during Electoral College objection process, only two states with multiple GOP reps in U.S. House unanimously voted against Trump
Considering the circumstances, some of the following facts are crazy.
Iowans love President Donald J. Trump. In 2016, Trump won the state by nearly 10 points. In 2020, Trump won the state by more than eight points.
After sharing the ballot with Trump in 2016, Iowa sent three Republican members to the House of Representatives out of its four districts. In 2020, Iowa sent three once again.
Mind you, in 2018, when Trump did not share the ballot with congressional candidates, Iowa sent just one Republican to Congress.
So yes, Iowa Republicans should make sure to thank President Trump for sending Republicans to Congress in the First and Second districts. Without Trump on the ballot, that doesn't happen.
Looking even further, after the 2016 election, Republicans had a 59-seat majority in the Iowa House after sharing the ballot with Trump. After the 2020 election, Republicans have a 59-seat majority once again after sharing the ballot with Trump.
In that pesky 2018 year, Iowa Republicans saw their majority in the Iowa House dip all the way down to 53.
Again, President Trump provided a huge bounce to the GOP in the Hawkeye State not once, but twice.
It is undeniable.
But here is the crazy thing…last Wednesday, when it came time for members of Congress to vote whether or not to object to Electoral College results from certain states, every Iowa member of Congress voted in favor of certifying the results.
Every single one.
Here is what that means:
There is only one other state with multiple GOP members in the U.S. House of Representatives where every Republican voted against the objections.
Iowa was obviously one as Representatives Ashley Hinson, Mariannette Miller-Meeks and Randy Feenstra joined Democrat Congresswoman Cindy Axne (and every other Democrat for that matter) in voting against the objections. The only other state where every single Republican member of the House voted against the objections was…Washington State.
By the way, Washington State has two Democrat Senators. Not exactly the same shade of "red" as Iowa.
That's not good company.
In contrast, the majority of Republicans in the U.S. House from California voted in favor of the objections. The majority of Republicans in the U.S. House from New York voted in favor of the objections.
Is Iowa less conservative than California or New York?
That is an absurd assertion.
Yet based on the votes from last week, Iowans should realize this is the early new reality presented to them by the delegation.
Previous articleSELL: Not buying the argument Congress could not do anything about election results
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The Law Commission of India is an executive body established by an order of the Government of India. The commission's function is to research and advise the government on legal reform, and is composed of legal experts, and headed by a retired judge. The commission is established for a fixed tenure and works as an advisory body to the Ministry of Law and Justice.

The first Law Commission was established during colonial rule in India by the East India Company under the Charter Act of 1833 and was presided by Lord Macaulay. After that, three more commissions were established in pre-independent India. The first Law Commission of independent India was established in 1955 for a three-year term. Since then, twenty-one more commissions have been established. The last chairman of the Law Commission was retired Supreme Court judge Justice B.S. Chauhan, who completed his tenure on 31 August 2018. Subsequently, the commission has not been reconstituted. In February 2020, the Government of India announced its intention to reconstitute the commission, and the Supreme Court of India is currently hearing a petition challenging the delay in appointing members to the 22nd Law Commission. On November 7, 2022, Justice Rituraj Awasthi (Former Chief Justice of Karnataka HC) was appointed as the chairperson of the 22nd Law Commission and Justice KT Sankaran, Prof. Anand Paliwal, Prof. DP Verma, Prof.(Dr) Raka Arya and Shri M. Karunanithi as members of the commission.

Evolution of Law Commission in India

The origin of the first Law Commission of India lies in the diverse and often conflicting laws prevailing in the local regions and those administered by the East India Company, which was granted royal charters and also conferred powers by the various Indian rulers to administer and oversee the conduct of the inhabitants in the local areas where the company exercised control. During this period of administration by the company, two sets of laws operated in the areas; one which applied to and in relation to British citizens and the second which applied to the local inhabitants and aliens. This was considered as a major stumbling block for proper administration by the British government during the times which is now known as the British Raj. In order to improve the law-and-order situation and also to ensure uniformity of legal administration, various options were looked for. Until then the British government had been passing various enactments to deal with particular situations, such as the Prohibition of Sati in (1829) by Lord William Bentinck under the influence of Raja Ram Mohan Roy. However, it was for the first time in (1833) that the idea to establish a Law Commission for a comprehensive examination of the existing legal system prevailing in the British administered areas and its overhaul was instituted.

Pre-Independence Law Commissions of India
The first Law Commission was established in 1834 by the British government under the chairmanship of Lord Macaulay. It suggested various enactments to the British government, most of which were passed and enacted and are still in force in India. Few of the most important recommendations made by this first Law Commission were those on the Indian Penal Code (first submitted in 1837 but enacted in 1860 and still in force), Criminal Procedure Code (enacted in 1898, repealed and succeeded by the Criminal Procedure Code of 1973), etc. Thereafter three more Law Commissions were established which made a number of other recommendations the Indian Evidence Act (1872) and Indian Contract Act (1872), etc. being some of the significant ones. The contribution of these Law Commissions can be enumerated as under.

A two-member Viceroy's Executive Council (composed of Sir Henry Maine and Sir James Fitzjames Stephen) also worked on the side-lines of the Law Commissions and ensured the passage of the following noteworthy laws;

 1863 - Religious Endowments Act
 1864 - Official Trustees Act
 1865 - Carriers Act
 1865 - Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act
 1865 - Parsi Intestate Succession Act
 1866 - Indian Companies Act
 1866 - Native Converts Marriage Dissolution Act
 1866 – Trustees Act
 1866 – Trustees and Mortgage Powers Act
 1867 – Press and Registration of Books Act
 1868 – General Clauses Act
 1869 – Divorce Act
 1870 – Court Fees Act
 1870 – Land Acquisition Act
 1870 – Female Infanticide Act
 1870 – Female Infanticide Prevention Act
 1870 – Hindu Wills Act
 1872 – Code of Criminal Procedure (revised)
 1872 – Indian Contract Act
 1872 – Indian Evidence Act
 1872 – Special Marriages Act
 1872 – Punjab Laws Act

Law Commissions in Independent India
The tradition of pursuing law reform through the medium of a law commission was continued in post-independent India. The first law commission in independent India was established in 1955 and since then twenty more law commissions have been established. Each of these commissions have been chaired by a prominent legal personality in India and has made a significant contribution to the legal diaspora of India. The contribution of each of these commissions has been enumerated below.

First Law Commission
The First Law Commission of independent India was established in 1955. The chairman of this commission was M. C. Setalvad, who was also the first attorney-general of India. The term of this commission was established as three years (which by convention has been followed till date) and this commission submitted its last report on 26 September 1958. The reports submitted by the First Law Commission of India are as under.

Second Law Commission
The Second Law Commission was established in 1958 under the chairmanship of Justice T. V. Venkatarama Aiyar. It stayed in office till 1961. It presented the following reports.

Third Law Commission
The Third Law Commission was established in 1961 under the chairmanship of Justice J. L. Kapur. It stayed in office till 1964. It presented the following reports.

Fourth Law Commission
The Fourth Law Commission was established in 1964 and was again under the chairmanship of Justice J. L. Kapur. It stayed in office till 1968. It presented the following reports.

Fifth Law Commission
The Fifth Law Commission was established in 1968 under the chairmanship of K. V. K. Sundaram. It stayed in office till 1971. It presented the following reports.

Sixth Law Commission
The Sixth Law Commission was established in 1971 under the chairmanship of Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar. It stayed in office till 1974. It presented the following reports.

Seventh Law Commission
The Seventh Law Commission was established in 1974 again under the chairmanship of Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar. It stayed in office till 1977. It presented the following reports.

Eighth Law Commission
The Eighth Law Commission was established in 1977 under the chairmanship of Justice H. R. Khanna. It stayed in office till 1979. It presented the following reports.

Ninth Law Commission
The Ninth Law Commission was established in 1979 under the chairmanship of Justice P. V. Dixit. It stayed in office till 1980. It presented the following reports.

Tenth Law Commission
The Tenth Law Commission was established in 1981 under the chairmanship of Justice K. K. Mathew. It stayed in office till 1985. It presented the following reports.

Eleventh Law Commission
The Eleventh Law Commission was established in 1985 under the chairmanship of Justice D. A. Desai. It stayed in office till 1988. It presented the following reports.

Twelfth Law Commission
The Twelfth Law Commission was established in 1988 under the chairmanship of Justice Manharlal Pranlal Thakkar. It stayed in office till 1989. It presented the following reports.

Thirteenth Law Commission
The Thirteenth Law Commission was established in 1991 under the chairmanship of Justice K. N. Singh. It stayed in office till 1994. It presented the following reports.

Fourteenth Law Commission
The Fourteenth Law Commission was established in 1995 under the chairmanship of Justice K. Jayachandra Reddy. It stayed in office till 1997. It presented the following reports.

Fifteenth Law Commission
The Fifteenth Law Commission was established in 1997 under the chairmanship of Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy. It stayed in office till 2000. It presented the following reports.

Sixteenth Law Commission
The Sixteenth Law Commission was established in 2000. For the period till 2001 Justice B. P. Jeevan Reddy continued as the chairman of the commission while in the period between 2002 and 2003 the commission worked under the chairmanship of Justice M. Jagannadha Rao. It presented the following reports.

Seventeenth Law Commission
The Seventeenth Law Commission was established in 2003 and continued to be under the chairmanship of Justice M. Jagannadha Rao. It stayed in office till 2006. It presented the following reports.

Eighteenth Law Commission
The Eighteenth Law Commission of India was established on 1 September 2006 and continued till 31 August 2009. Justice M. Jagannadha Rao continued to serve as the chairman of the commission until 28 May 2007 on which date Justice A. R. Lakshmanan was appointed as the chairman of the commission. It presented the following reports.

Nineteenth Law Commission
The nineteenth Law Commission of India's chairman was Justice P. V. Reddi, 2009–2012.

Twentieth Law Commission
The Twentieth Law Commission of India's chairman were Justice D. K. Jain from January 2013 to October 2013 and Justice A. P. Shah from November 2013 to August 2015. The Terms of Reference of the Twentieth Law Commission were as follows:-
A. 	Review/Repeal of obsolete laws:
(i) 	Identify laws which are no longer needed or relevant and can be immediately repealed.
(ii) 	Identify laws which are not in harmony with the existing climate of economic liberalization and need change.
(iii) 	Identify laws which otherwise require changes or amendments and to make suggestions for their amendment.
(iv) 	Consider in a wider perspective the suggestions for revision/amendment given by Expert Groups in various Ministries/Departments with a view to coordinating and harmonising them.
(v) 	Consider references made to it by Ministries/ Departments in respect of legislation having bearing on the working of more than one Ministry/ Department.
(vi) 	Suggest suitable measures for quick redressal of citizens grievances, in the field of law.
B.	Law and Poverty
(i) Examine the Laws which affect the poor and carry out post-audit for socio-economic legislations.
(ii) Take all such measures as may be necessary to harness law and the legal process in the service of the poor.
C. 	Keep under review the system of judicial administration to ensure that it is responsive to the reasonable demands of the times and in particular to secure:
(i) elimination of delays, speedy clearance of arrears and reduction in costs so as to secure quick and economical disposal of cases without affecting the cardinal principle that decisions should be just and fair.
(ii) simplification of procedure to reduce and eliminate technicalities and devices for delay so that it operates not as an end in itself but as a means of achieving justice.
(iii) improvement of standards of all concerned with the administration of justice.
D. 	Examine the existing laws in the light of Directive Principles of State Policy and to suggest ways of improvement and reform and also to suggest such legislations as might be necessary to implement the Directive Principles and to attain the objectives set out in the Preamble to the Constitution.
E.	Examine the existing laws with a view for promoting gender equality and suggesting amendments thereto.
F.	Revise the Central Acts of general importance so as to simplify them and to remove anomalies, ambiguities and inequities.
G.	Recommend to the Government measure for making the statute book up to date by repealing obsolete laws and enactments or parts thereof which have outlived their utility.
H. 	Consider and to convey to the Government its views on any subject relating to law and judicial administration that may be specifically referred to it by the Government through Ministry of Law and Justice (Department of Legal Affairs).
I.	Consider the requests for providing research to any foreign countries as may be referred to it by the Government through Ministry of Law & Justice (Department of Legal Affairs).
J.	Examine the impact of globalization on food security, unemployment and recommend measures for the protection of the interests of the marginalized.

Twenty-First Law Commission
In 2015, the Law Ministry had forwarded a list of 48 former judges of high courts and Supreme Court to the Prime Minister's Office to select the next Law Commission chairperson. The term of the 20th Law Commission ended on 30 August last year and the Union Cabinet approved creation of the 21st Law Commission on 9 September. The Law Ministry brought out a notification to create the 21st law panel on 14 September last.

One of the key issues pending before the law panel is a call on amending the Indian Penal Code amid allegations of abuse and arbitrary use of the law. The Law Ministry had urged the commission to study the usage of the provisions of Section 124A (Sedition) of the IPC.

Former Supreme Court judge Balbir Singh Chauhan was appointed chairman of the 21st Law Commission. Justice Ravi R. Tripathi, retired judge of the Gujarat High Court was appointed as Full-time Member.

On 10 June 2016, Satya Pal Jain, Additional Solicitor General of India, was appointed as part-time member of the commission.

Working of the Law Commission
The Law Commission works in close co-ordination and under the general instruction of Ministry of Law and Justice. It generally acts as the initiation point for law reform in the country. Internally, the Law Commission works in a research-oriented manner. Employing a number of research analysts (and even law students from 2007), the commission works upon the assigned agenda and primarily comes up with research based reports, often conclusive and with recommendations. The permanent members of the commission generally are responsible for framing the exact topic and reference to work upon and often takes the services of eminent law experts and jurists who are familiar with the matter under review. These experts may either work part-time with the commission or may have been requested to contribute to specific reports or issues under review.

According to the commission's website, the commission's regular staff consists of about a dozen research personnel of different ranks and varied experiences with a small group of secretarial staff looks after the administration side of the commission's operations and the internal functioning of the commission can be described as a process with the following stages;
 Initiation of projects at the commission's meetings;
 Discussion of priorities; identification of topics and assignment of preparatory work to Members;
 Adoption of methodologies for collection of data and research;
 Outlining of problems and determination of areas for reform;
 Consultations with public, professional bodies and academic institutions;
 Evaluation of responses and preparation of draft of report;
 Discussion and scrutiny of report, leading to its finalization; and
 Forwarding of report to the Ministry of Law and Justice.

Once the report is submitted to the Ministry of Law and Justice, the task of the commission ends unless it is required to rework upon identified areas of provide clarifications by the government on the report submitted. Upon receipt of the report, it is the responsible for follow-up action on the recommendations made by the commission in the report. Generally, the Ministry of Law and Justice forwards the report with its remarks to other relevant ministries in the government and seeks from them their opinion on the relevance of the recommendation and finalizes with them the manner of implementation of these recommendations. When the proposals are cleared by the various ministries and approved by the Cabinet, the Ministry of Law and Justice goes for drafting of the implementing legislation or follows the draft submitted by the Law Commission (which usually is the case) and presents the same for approval before the Parliament.

Role of Law Commission in legal reform in India
The Law Commission of India, though an ad hoc body, has been key to law reform in India. Its role has been both advisory and critical of the government's policies. The Supreme Court of India and academia have recognized the commission as pioneering and prospective. In a number of decisions, the Supreme Court has referred to the work done by the commission and followed its recommendations. The fact that the chairman of the commission is generally a retired judge of the Supreme Court has helped the prominence of the commission.

The recommendations of the commission are not binding on the government. "They are recommendations. They may be accepted or rejected. Action on the said recommendations depends on the ministries/departments, which are concerned with the subject matter of the recommendations." This has resulted in a number of important and critical recommendations not being implemented. The commission, however, has continued to work upon its assigned tasks.

The power vested in the commission to suo motu take up matters for discussion and submit recommendations has also worked well to the advantage of India's legal system. The history of the commission is replete with such recommendations which have been made in the wake of the hour and where the law has needed change. Further, the commission has been often returned to review its earlier reports in the wake of changed scenarios and the aptness of law in such situations. Euthanasia and related issues, in particular, has been one such area where the commission has been relook the situation at least three times, with the latest being its 196th report on the topic.

Besides the Law Ministry, the commission has also been requested to work upon specific issues and submit its views by the Supreme Court on various occasions. The latest in regard has been the 205th report of the commission which has been prepared in view of the Supreme Court's request for assistance in determination of "certain legal issues relating to child marriage, and the different ages at which a person is defined as a child in different laws." The report stirred a public debate in India for recommending inter alia, a reduction in marriage age of boys to be at par with girls at 18, instead of the long continuing 21 and 18 respectively.

With all its past and present works being continuously provided on the internet, the commission has also provided a firm assistance to legal research in the country. The fact that a number of its reports have been taken receptively by the various ministries and have been worked upon to change the legal scenario, is itself an indicator sufficient enough of the role of the commission in furtherance of law reform in India.

See also
 Autonomous law schools in India
 Common Law Admission Test
 Law Commission
 Law reform
 Legal Education in India
 List of law schools in India
 Ministry of Law and Justice (India)
 Supreme Court of India
 Civil Procedure Code, 1908
 Pendency of court cases in India

Notes

References
 ASIN : B0000CQY04

External links
 Official Website of the Law Commission of India
 Reports of Law Commission of India 1-50
 Reports of Law Commission of India 51–100
 Reports of Law Commission of India 101–169
 Reports of Law Commission of India 170–195
 How does Law Commission function?
 Interview of Current Chairman of Law Commission
 Ministry of Law and Justice (India)
 Law Commissions of other countries
  http://www.lawyersclubindia.com/forum/Gipsa-companies-flout-law-commission-report-flouted-in-97081.asp

Law of India
Government agencies of India
Legal organisations based in India
Law commissions
1834 establishments in India

cs:Indické právo
es:Derecho de la India

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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HIGHLIGHTS: Jazz vs Grizzlies – NBA Western Conference playoffs first round 2021
May 26, 2021 5:23 PM PHT
Martin Mendoza
With superstar guard Donovan Mitchell back in the frame, the top-seeded Jazz look to bounce back against the gritty Grizzlies in Game 2
Coming off a stunning Game 1 loss to the 8th seed Memphis Grizzlies, the top-seeded Utah Jazz are expected to run at full power in Game 2 as superstar guard Donovan Mitchell finally returns after missing 17 games.
Mitchell, who has been out since April due to an ankle injury, averaged 26.4 points, 4.4 rebounds, and 5.2 assists in the regular season and his arrival will definitely boost the Jazz's offense after a horrendous series opener, where the team shot 12-of-47 from the three-point line in a 112-109 loss.
Minus Mitchell's scoring firepower in Game 1, the Jazz relied on Bogan Bogdanovic, who exploded for 29 second-half points, and All-Star guard Mike Conley, who put up 22 points to go with 6 rebounds and 11 assists.
Fil-Am Jordan Clarkson, the newly crowned Sixth Man of the Year, also chipped in 14 points.
On the other hand, the visiting Grizzlies, led by young star Ja Morant, did not show any signs of fatigue in the series opener despite coming off two huge play-in game victories against the San Antonio Spurs and the Golden State Warriors.
In Game 1, playoff-debuting Dillon Brooks showed that he is much more than just a solid defender as he topscored for the Grizzlies with 31 points along with 7 rebounds, 2 assists, 2 steals, and 2 blocks.
However, it was still Morant, also a postseason first-timer, who ultimately stole the show as he dropped 10 of his 26 points in the final period.
With momentum clearly on the side of the Grizzlies, will they continue their Cinderella run, or will the Jazz prove why they are the best team in the league this season?
Game time is 10 am on Thursday, May 27, Manila time.
Jazz vs Grizzlies 2 – Curated tweets by RapplerSports
Bucks head to finals, Phoenix after slamming Hawks
HIGHLIGHTS: Bucks vs Hawks, Game 6 – NBA East Conference Finals 2021
Clippers' Patrick Beverley apologizes for shoving Suns' Chris Paul
With stars sidelined, Bucks top Hawks for 3-2 series edge
More on NBA playoffs


Foxes, pigeons and deer: it's a gamekeeper's diary. We're going behind the scenes at the popular Gamekeepers' Diary series of DVDs. In our half-hour weekly programme, Essex keeper Geoff Garrod takes us pigeon shooting, fox shooting and deerstalking, as well as showing us around the estate he keepers.
Geoff has strong views on the antis, on foxhunting vs fox shooting and on the work of the National Gamekeepers' Organisation.


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THE GOLDEN CAGE
Santiago lives with his family in California after immigrating from Mexico many years ago. One day, he gets in his car and starts to make a trip South- his destination unclear. Because he's undocumented the drive can be risky, and we watch Santiago navigate the journey. At the same time, Elena, an older woman living in Mexico, begins to pack her things for a journey North, embarking on a long bus ride to Tijuana.
Santiago and Elena, mother and son, reunite at the beach on opposite sides of the Mexico-US border where the wall stretches out into the ocean to share a brief afternoon together before each returns to their separate lives in their own countries.
We are a team of film professionals and recently graduated film students from the University of California, Santa Barbara. The Golden Cage is a short narrative film highlighting the stories of families who are separated by the Mexican-American border wall. To authentically capture the journey of both characters in the film, one north through Mexico and one south through America, the crew traveled to both countries to shoot the film in the fall of 2020.
You've been in a sort of cage your whole life in Mexico- a cage of poverty with no chance to make a better life- but it's not until you get to the U.S. that you realize you're trapped in a new cage, just one with shinier railing.
Growing up in a family with someone who's undocumented, I never thought too hard about his decision. I noticed small things, like how he was hesitant to interact with strangers or drive at night. But it was only when I got older that I realized what he had to leave behind; you're not just leaving your hometown, you're leaving your parents behind to start a new family in a new country. In a way though, you're not setting out to make a better life for yourself; you're trying to provide the opportunity of something better for the next generation. You have to put yourself and your family aside indefinitely, maybe forever.
I never lived this struggle, but I saw someone firsthand put their whole life on hold just to ensure my family was better off. This film doesn't show us that day to day existence, but rather shows one of the few moments where they can hit the unpause button on their own life. Santiago's journey down to see his mother is a rare moment where we see a glimpse into who he was in Mexico, and where he came from.
I hope this film can help us better understand the sacrifices made by those who move to this country- sacrifices that often mean only seeing their mother through the bars of a wall that traps people on opposite sides of a barrier
between countries.
- Francisco Lopez, June 2020
Mitchka Saberi
mitchka@goldencagefilms.com


I read this quote before I left for Peru and I didn't really understand it at the time. I remember thinking, "But…Machu Picchu is the end of the trail. That's kind of the point of this trip. That is the end-goal of this 4-day trek." But then day 3 happened and a lightbulb switched on inside my head. And now, this quote has a whole new meaning. I totally get it now.
Day 3 was magical. We got to sleep in until 6:00am [which became a luxury after the first two days] and had a much more forgiving agenda ahead. We would hike 6 miles of what I considered to be the most 'authentic' part of the Inca trail. As if the Quechua weren't intriguing enough, they had also built their original cobblestone path among the most beautiful part of the Andes and it was our road for the day. And you knew you were walking where they walked. Yeeesss!!
1) Meeting our porters. You see those guys in blue? The ones that travel together carrying 50-60lbs on their backs? They were the hardest working people I've ever seen! They are true descendants of the Quechua and they travel the path of their ancestors every week. They were with us from beginning to end and took such good care of us. Actually, spoiled us. We finally got to have a 'formal introduction' on the morning of day 3 and even with the language barrier, we became a family. [and they baked us a cake that night! How they did that in the middle of the Andes with no electric, I have no idea. I think our cook was also a magician.] It was an honor to hike every day with the porters. We applauded them every morning when they left before us, and they did the same when we arrived to camp every evening. International love right thurrr.
2) Phuyupatamarcha. It means "town above the clouds". Together we sat at the top of this ruin and learned more about the Quechua. And the name didn't need explaining – we were surrounded by clouds which were hovering over the site. You could hardly see anything in the distance. It was quite the dreamy site with its long descending flights of stairs, moss covered stone walls, and series of natural fountains with sparkling glacier run-off. I bet it was dreamy back then too. Always has been.
3) Wiñay Wayna. I think this was a special place for all of us. It means "forever young" and it was the last ruin that we visited before Machu Picchu. This lovely place was just as beautiful and dramatic [if not more so]. A natural amphitheater that was quiet and serene and perfect in all its loneliness. I remember walking in and hearing nothing. Absolutely nothing. Everyone seemed to become speechless as they wandered through Wiñay Wayna. This place calms you. I remember we were sitting in one of the sacred rooms and our tour guide said, "You've come this far. And now I believe your heart and soul is ready for Machu Picchu." I wish I had spent more time there because it was a magical place – you can just feel it.
My favorite day down, one more to go. Stay tuned for Inca Trail Part III, the finale!
Awesome post! You've got some great photos. I'm thinking about taking on the Inca Trail soon – can I ask what boots you're wearing and if they're treating you well? Good luck with the rest!
Awe, thank you 0109rosanna! I highly recommend the Inca Trail, it is truly life changing! I was wearing the Danner Light Cascade Boots (REI). The Danner boots were amazing and so comfortable! And they were waterproof! Perfect for the trek!


Radio receiver strong signal handling & overload performance are often just as important as sensitivity and some other parameters.
One challenging area of radio receiver design is that if achieving a good strong signal and overload performance whilst also maintaining a high level of sensitivity.
The overload performance is important because the radio needs to be sufficiently sensitive to receive very weak signals, but it must also be able to manage the strong signals without overloading.
As the range of signals that any receiver needs to handle may extend over 100dB or more, the strong signal performance is important. Overloading can lead to effects that can mask the wanted signal and actually reduce the sensitivity.
There are several key aspects and parameters that detail the radio performance in the presence of strong signals, each of which is key to the performance in a particular area.
With the proliferation of cell phones, Bluetooth devices, Wi-Fi, NFC, as well as more traditional radio systems, it is necessary for all of these to work in the presence of the others which may be in close proximity and radiating signals on adjacent channels or nearby frequencies. Accordingly the receiver overload and strong signal handling capability is very important.
Receiver blocking: Radio receiver blocking occurs when a strong signal close to that being received reduces the sensitivity of the receiver. It is very important, especially in these days where there are many short range, and other longer range wireless cellular and other radio communications devices around.
Intermodulation performance : Intermodulation distortion and intermodulation performance are important parameters for a receiver performance. The presence of intermodulation products gives rise to unwanted signals being generated which may mask the wanted signal. These intermodulation present themselves as signal and may appear as 'real' signals, sometimes making a band that may have little activity, and much busier and full of signals.
Intercept point: The Intercept Point, or possibly more correctly, the third order intercept point gives an indication of the strong signal handling capacity of an amplifier, mixer or receiver. It is the level on a graph where the level of the third order products equal the wanted products, i.e. where the lines for the levels intercept.
Cross modulation : As the name implies, cross modulation manifests itself by transferring the modulation on one very strong signal onto other signals being received.
One of the key elements of any receiver that governs its overload or strong signal handling capability is the RF amplifier. Its performance is key to the performance of the whole receiver.
Under normal conditions the RF amplifier of a radio receiver should remain linear with the output remaining proportional to the input. However, even the best RF amplifiers have limits to their output capability. Beyond a certain point the output can no lnger rise in proportion to the input as the amplifier enters a region where compression starts. When this happens their output starts to limit and the output is less than expected.
Compression in itself is not a problem for receiver overload performance. The absolute values of a signal are of little value and in any case the automatic gain control, AGC, used in many radio receivers means that the gain is reduced when strong signals are being received.
It is the side effects of compression give rise to major problems. Effects like intermodulation distortion, cross modulation, blocking and others mean that the operation of the radio receiver can be seriously impaired. It is these aspects which are of great importance for the overload performance of in the radio receiver design.
In view of the importance of the various aspects of overloading, a number of specifications quantify the various problems caused. However to look at these it is necessary to look at the basic effects and how they arise.
Another element of the receiver that has a major bearing on the strong signal handling performance is the first mixer. The performance of the mixer has a major effect on the receiver overload and strong signal handling performance.
To obtain the best radio overload performance a high level mixer is used. A high level mixer has a high level local oscillator input level. This enables it to cope with the high level signals that may give rise to problems with overload.
High level RF amplifier : To ensure the optimum radio overload performance, the first RF amplifier should be able to cater for high level signals while still remaining linear. It should have a high third order intercept point.
High level mixer: Likewise to ensure the mixer does not become overloaded by any strong signals that may be encountered, it should have as high a third order intercept as possible commensurate with other factors. For the best performance it should have a high level local oscillator input level.
AGC automatic gain control: Many receivers have a scheme known as an automatic gain control built in. This takes a sample of the output signal level and reduces the gain of the early stages. This works well for most situations, but it may not be able to prevent the earliest stages of the radio receiver from overloading. This is particularly true when signals are off the received channel, because these signals will not affect the AGC, but will still be presented to first stages of the receiver before they are filtered out.
Input RF attenuator: Some specialist radio receivers may incorporate an RF attenuator. This can be used to reduce the RF input level when strong signals are present.
Any radio receiver design will need to balance the requirements for strong signal handling and radio overload performance with those for other aspects of the design like sensitivity and other parameters. Achieving excellent strong signal handling and overload performance will be a balance of many factors including cost.


text:
Q: How to look up for mutiple values - need to contain all? It is a sales order info table, and users order different products.
I need to look up the users have order all three products (01,03,05)
I know I can easily user
where product in
to find users ordered one of the products, but I am stuck on how to look up for users ordered all three (and of course the products are more than just those three).
Help please, thank you.

A: You can try like following using count distinct
select UserId,count(distinct productid )
from TABLENAME
where productid in('01','02','03')
group by UserId
having count(distinct productid )=3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


But telling people feels worse than coming out, and you cringe every time you start to tell someone. As if coming out as being manic or mental when you're 32, is worse than coming out as being gay when you're 19. It would be so much easier if you had something to show for it, like a broken limb, a bandage or a black eye.
Then you realise it's all just part of life – part of the human condition. 1 in 4 people experience mental ill health in their lifetime, and you just became one of them. Time to get better.
You slowly start to recover, and balance and normality come back to your life. You've learned what works for you. You let go of things more easily, you park ideas, and try not to let things get to you anymore. You try to slow down and you take care of yourself.
You're careful to get enough sleep, and you limit stimulants like caffeine after lunch. You try to be more 'in the moment', have fun, and spend time with those you love.
You find out how to get better health and you realise how important being well and healthy is. Maybe it isn't so big and scary after all.


text:
De Zevende Kruistocht (1248-1254) werd georganiseerd door Lodewijk IX van Frankrijk (1215-1270) om Jeruzalem te heroveren op de Saracenen, die de stad in 1244 op de kruisvaarders veroverd hadden en daarna geplunderd.
Aan de kruistocht namen behalve Lodewijk ook drie van zijn broers deel: Alfons, graaf van Poitiers en Toulouse, Robert van Artois en Karel I, graaf van Anjou. Het leger bestond waarschijnlijk uit zo'n 25.000 man, van wie 1500 ridders en 5000 kruisboogschutters. Tien maanden  wisten zij het Egyptische  Damiate bezet te houden, waarna de moslims weer de overhand kregen.

Wat voorafging
Sinds de Zesde Kruistocht (1228) was keizer Frederik II, koning van Jeruzalem voortdurend in conflict met de pausen.

In 1231 veroverden de Mongolen het rijk der Khwarazmiden; een deel van hun leger ging zich bij de Mammelukken voegen.

Bij de aanvang van de regering van de Egyptische sultan As-Salih Ayyub (1240-1249) was de Levant een lappendeken van verschillende staatjes. De bestuurlijke macht lag bij de Ajjoebiden, de militaire macht bij de Mammelukken. De houding ten opzichte van de christelijke wereld was verdeeld. De Ajjoebiden waren pro, de Mammelukken waren contra. Nadat de Khwarazmiden Jeruzalem plunderden in 1244, volgde de Slag bij La Forbie. Toen de toekomstige heerser over Egypte, Baibars kwam daar als overwinnaar uitkwam, werd het duidelijk hoe de verhoudingen lagen.

Paus Innocentius IV was niet happig voor een nieuwe kruistocht, omdat keizer Frederik, als koning van Jeruzalem hem belaagde. Lodewijk, als echte christen, voelde zich als enige geroepen om ten strijde te trekken.

Verovering Damiate
Lodewijk IX en zijn leger vertrokken vanuit Aigues-Mortes via Cyprus naar Egypte, samen met de Vlaamse graaf Willem van Dampierre en veroverden op 6 juni 1249 de Egyptische stad Damiate.

De Egyptische sultan As-Salih Ayyub bood aan Lodewijk, Jeruzalem in ruil voor Damiate. Maar Lodewijk was niet naar het Midden-Oosten gekomen om te onderhandelen, hij wilde de Saracenen verslaan. Hoewel na rijp beraad de kruisvaardersbaronnen hadden besloten om Alexandrië aan te vallen, zette Robert van Artois een aanval op Caïro door, in 1250, die hemzelf en een groot aantal Tempeliers het leven kostte. Met moeite wist Lodewijk zijn positie aan de Nijl te behouden; dat kon ook doordat sultan Ayyub overleed en zijn opvolger Al-Muazzam Turanshah omstreden was.

Gevangenneming koning Lodewijk IX
Ziekten in het moerassige Nijlgebied eisten een zware tol van het kruisvaardersleger, en de moslims wisten tachtig schepen te veroveren en de opvarenden te doden. Van het leger dat aan de kruistocht was begonnen bleven steeds minder mensen over, geteisterd door ziekte en honger. Sommigen gingen terug naar huis, sommigen sneuvelden, anderen werden gevangengenomen door de Arabieren.
De moslims brachten Lodewijk en zijn leger in het nauw, en uiteindelijk konden de 'Franken' geen kant meer op, verslagen door het klimaat en de aanvallen van de Saracenen. Het leger van de kruisridders werd ten slotte in april 1250 verslagen bij El-Mansoera (Egypte), onder leiding van Baibars.

Lodewijk IX, zijn ridders en zijn leger werden gevangengenomen. Frankrijk moest voor Lodewijk de kolossale losprijs betalen van 400.000 livres tournois, gouden munten, daarna werden Lodewijk en diens leger vrijgelaten.

Lodewijk verdedigt Syrië
De meeste militairen gingen toen terug naar huis, maar Lodewijk IX voer naar Syrië. Daar heeft hij vier jaar op versterking gewacht en de kuststeden verdedigd. Hij stuurde de Vlaamse franciscaan Willem van Ruysbroeck naar Möngke, de khan van de Mongolen, om te zorgen dat deze een einde zou maken aan het bondgenootschap met de moslims. Toen dit mislukte ging ook Lodewijk IX terug naar Frankrijk.

Militaire operatie in de 13e eeuw
 7
1240-1249
1250-1259


This numbered edition Canvas Print, designed by Elaine Plesser, comes with a numbered and signed certificate of authenticity. Ready to hang, this image is printed onto a 450gsm white finish, 100% cotton canvas and stretched over 1.5" deep wood stretcher bars (3/4" for XS). Each print comes with wall hanging hardware.
Series of images incorporating simple subjects created as if done as neon lights. They glow, contrast against dark backgrounds and most include text also done in neon letters. This image is of a large drum set in red and orange neon with text in aqua "MAKE MUSIC"


The best of bubble bursting fun featuring over 100 levels based on world famous paintings, 4 new characters and new diagonal shooting! Take on Gallery mode and bash the bubbles across all of the paintings or use all 4 characters and beat your top score in Panic mode. Blow away the bubbles, blocks and monsters to win!


Maintenance on the 192 and 195 course libraries will introduce a change in functionality for the knowledge tests (KNTs).
The MEA Technical Training Committee continues to review both the content and functionality of our online course materials to ensure they meet current and proposed regulatory requirements. A trend toward tighter regulations and a desire to have more oversight of online knowledge tests has prompted a look at how we can increase the security of our testing without requiring the use of testing centers, proctors, or lock-down browsers as other providers have.
MEA will be updating the 192 and 195 course libraries to limit course launch of the knowledge tests—users will only be allowed to open a KNT course once. If a course session is ended for any reason prior to receiving a passed or failed score, the status will change to "In Progress" and the EnergyU Administrator will be required to reset the course. Users will not be able to launch an "In Progress" knowledge test until the course is reset. Updates to other EnergyU course libraries will be scheduled for a later date.
Administrators should make sure their users know that the 192 and 195 course libraries will be offline beginning at 5:00 pm central time on Thursday, May 10, 2018. We anticipate all course updates will be completed and courses back online no later than 12:00 noon on Friday, May 11, 2018. We will provide a notification via the EnergyU Training Blog when the courses are back online.
NOTE: Functionality of the training (TNG) courses will remain the same—users will be allowed multiple sessions to complete, and users will be able to review learning content of completed courses.
The 4 courses listed below are scheduled to undergo maintenance. The courses will be offline beginning Wednesday evening (April 18) at 6:00 p.m. CST. We expect maintenance to be completed by Thursday morning (April 19) at 10:00 a.m. CST. A blog post will go out when maintenance is complete.
The 4 courses listed below are scheduled to undergo maintenance. The courses will be offline beginning Monday evening (April 16) at 6:00 p.m. CST. We expect maintenance to be completed by Tuesday morning (April 17) at 10:00 a.m. CST. A blog post will go out when maintenance is complete.


Lex shows the hierarchy of the current connected LDAP directory in the tree view panel on the left side in the LEX main window, so that a fast and easy navigation is possible. To show this hierarchy, LEX reads all the container objects from the server, so that these objects can be used to build up the navigation tree.
The probem is: LDAP allows all types of objects to have child objects. So if you want to build up the current LDAP tree, normall you have to check literally all LDAP objects for children. This would lead to a sluggish application performance when you want to browse through a large tree hierarchy. Or if you would first pre-cache the tree structure, it would last very long to achieve this.
This classification was made to reflect the fact that all types of directories tend to have their typical structural elements. In all these lists, the object class 'organizationalUnit' will be in the list for sure. Other classes are not so obvious to be potential container classes with child objects.
If LEX loads the directory tree hierarchy, the list of container classes will be converted to the appropriate LDAP filter. This filter is used then to retrieve all the object from the server which are needed to built up the tree view.
Normally you do not have to work hard on these lists because a lot of the classes usually used as container classes are predefined as default values here.
If you change the object list scope to 'deeptree', so that you see the entire subtree under the parent object, you may notice that this object have child objects - although it was not shown as a container.
Then you have to check what object class the regarding object has. Add this object class to the appropriate container class list under Tools - Options - Container Classes. If you don't know to which type of directory your current LDAP server belongs, you can check this in the option Connection - Connection Info.
There might be object classes in a directory environment which have a large number of real objects existing for this class, whereas these objects have very seldom child objects below them. An example of such an object class are the 'computer' objects in an Active Directory environment.
If the entire tree hierarchy has to be cached (first connection or reload operation on the entire tree), LEX does not search for Pseudo Container Class objects. This is because there may be a huge count of these objects in the current directory - so this would last far too long for building up a tree with these information included. Even if we would search for all these - this would result potentially in a very large number of container objects in the tree view - although most of such objects doesn't have child objects.
So for the caching of the entire tree hierarchy, no Pseudo Container Classes are used. Only the normal container class objects are evaluated.
If you just reload the 'tree environment' of the currently selected node, then only the node's parent, siblings and child nodes are refeshed. This is done by just pressing F5 or using the View- Refresh option. Because this is probably a smaller amount of container objects to read from the server, LEX requests the normal container classes together with the Pseudo Container Classes.


text:
Kind-of Confessions
Posted on September 15, 2010 September 16, 2010 by Gunner
Yesterday afternoon former USC running back and 2005 Heisman Trophy winner Reggie Bush took the unprecedented step of forfeiting the award for the best college football player of the season and returning the trophy to the Heisman Trust. I can still picture some of his spell-binding runs during that captivating year that culminated in the classic USC-Texas national championship game in the Rose Bowl. Reggie Bush defined college football that year and walked away with the Heisman Trophy in a landslide vote. Five years later, after several years of investigation into inappropriate benefits he received from would-be agents (and after USC itself acknowledged various wrongdoings and cleaned house), he posted the following statement at his official site ReggieBush.com (I've underlined some significant words):
To all my fans: One of the greatest honors of my life was winning the Heisman Trophy in 2005. For me, it was a dream come true. But I know that the Heisman is not mine alone. Far from it. I know that my victory was made possible by the discipline and hard work of my teammates, the steady guidance of my coaches, the inspiration of the fans, and the unconditional love of my family and friends. And I know that any young man fortunate enough to win the Heisman enters into a family of sorts. Each individual carries the legacy of the award and each one is entrusted with its good name. It is for these reasons that I have made the difficult decision to forfeit my title as Heisman winner of 2005. The persistent media speculation regarding allegations dating back to my years at USC has been both painful and distracting. In no way should the storm around these allegations reflect in any way on the dignity of this award, nor on any other institutions or individuals. Nor should it distract from outstanding performances and hard-earned achievements either in the past, present or future. For the rest of my days, I will continue to strive to demonstrate through my actions and words that I was deserving of the confidence placed in me by the Heisman Trophy Trust. I would like to begin in this effort by turning a negative situation into a positive one by working with the Trustees to establish an educational program which will assist student-athletes and their families avoid some of the mistakes that I made. I am determined to view this event as an opportunity to help others and to advance the values and mission of the Heisman Trophy Trust. I will forever appreciate the honor bestowed upon me as a winner of the Heisman. While this decision is heart-breaking, I find solace in knowing that the award was made possible by the support and love of so many. Those are gifts that can never be taken away.
I am very moved by this young man's decision to make such a public and costly acknowledgement. His 2005 season was historic, his performance was remarkable, and I can only imagine how precious the Heisman award must be to those who have received it. When he says that "this decision is heart-breaking," we should believe him, and we should sense the sorrow that God has designed to accompany all our iniquities.
At the same time, his statement is striking for its ambiguities, euphemisms, and contradictions. He is choosing to "forfeit" his 2005 Heisman award, but his decision is at least partially motivated by the "speculation" and "allegations" that have been fomenting in the media for the past several years. He acknowledges "the mistakes that I made," but he boldly declares that "For the rest of my days, I will continue to strive to demonstrate through my actions and words that I was deserving of the confidence placed in me by the Heisman Trophy Trust." So which is it?
Some may object that it's unfair for me to exegete Bush's words. But I would respond that this a carefully crafted statement published on an official website, and it's fair to read it with similar care. Others may point out that pending legal investigations may make it prudent to nuance these types of public statements so as to protect the due process of law. Still others may want to turn the spotlight on the NCAA and its unwillingness to remunerate its student athletes for their central role in the lucrative business of major intercollegiate athletics. There may be some who want to highlight all the other players, coaches, agents, and institutions who have violated rules but haven't been caught, or who've been caught but have never been pursued and chastised as Reggie Bush has been.
Certainly each of these discussions is relevant in certain ways, but none of these concerns mitigate the nature of true confession. Wrong has been done, and wrong is being acknowledged (at least to some extent). But sadly, we're getting used to these kinds of ambiguous, euphemistic, and contradictory confessions. For the past several years we've been bombarded with similar public statements paraded in front of us by politicians, athletes, entertainers, pastors, and public figures of all stripes. We're used to unapologetic apologies, unadmitting admissions, and kind-of confessions.
Yet the problem really isn't Reggie Bush, or even the times in which we live. He (and I) are only the most recent examples of humanity's self-justifying ways. Clever, dodgy responses to sin reach all the way back to the garden where we responded to our first sin by passing the buck as far down the line as it could be passed.
When self-protection, self-righteousness, and self-justification underlie our confession, we tend towards ambiguity, euphemisms, and contradictions. We do everything we can to avoid full, complete, unmistakable admission of our guilt. But when confession is made while staring straight into the holiness of God and retreating to the cross in anticipation of free grace, abundant mercy, and full forgiveness, we find the honesty and the humility to confess freely, fully, and even embarrassingly.
I am grateful that a successful, prominent athlete like Reggie Bush has chosen to acknowledge some form of wrongdoing and to accept the significant consequences that accompany it. Yet I hope that the watching Christian will consider how deceptive, distorted, and incomplete our confessions can be when we attempt to preserve our own righteousness and reputations in the process.
So may the confessions of God's people be full, pure, constant, and sincere, and may we find our righteousness not in subtle caveats and clever words and crafted apologies, but in the grace of Christ alone.
Update: On September 16, two days after Bush relinquished the Heisman Trophy, he added a couple more figure-eights to the knot by declaring that his return of the trophy was not an admission of guilt. So now we have "mistakes" that warranted the unprecedented forfeiture of the award, but no guilt involved. This will not be the end of the story, for time and truth go hand in hand.
Posted in Culture, Devotional, News
Homeless, Human, and the Breaking of the Dawn
Notes from the Ph.D. (2)


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text:
Showing Collections: 1 - 25 of 65
Albert W. Stahl collection
Scope and Contents Two letters Albert W. Stahl wrote to his sister in New York, while he was teaching at Purdue University. There is also a program for the Indiana College Association, where Albert Stahl gave the address "Courses in Engineering," dated December, 27-28, 1886. The program had been enclosed with one of the letters.
Purdue Alumni Association records
Identifier: MSA-367
Scope and Contents The Purdue Alumni Association records (1904 - 2004; 2 cubic ft.) documents the various activities and events that the organization has hosted or been involved in. These have been documented through publications (Purdue Alumnus), newspaper articles, magazines, brochures and booklets. It also contains records of correspondence amongst the members as well as with the Alumni Associations from other colleges.
Andrew K. Kolar papers
Identifier: MSA 157
James Blakesley papers
Collection — Box: Communal Collections 1, Placement: 04
Abstract Materials documenting James Blakesley's tenure as VP and president of the University Club.
Eugene A. Cernan "High Flight" poem
Collection — Box: FF 17
Scope and Contents Copy of "High Flight" poem by John Gillespie Magee Jr., affixed to board. The poem was taken by Eugene A. Cernan on Apollo 10's mission to the moon, May 18 - 26, 1969. It is inscribed by Cernan; "To Mitch Simmons - So as never to forget we took this copy of High Flight to the moon on Apollo X 18-26 May 1969. You above all can appreciate it's significance, Sincerely Gene Cernan."
The letter of authenticity was signed by Cernan on August 25, 2010 and is housed with the poem.
Charles Edward Jack collection
Identifier: MSA 40
Scope and Contents The Charles Edward Jack collection (1942-1943; 1 folder) consists of two Purdue University identification cards and a letter from the Purdue University Office of the Director of Admissions.
Collection on James Whitcomb Riley
Collection — Box: 1
Identifier: MSP 52
Abstract Three collections of letters relating to James Whitcomb Riley, along with six booklets and miscellaneous papers.
Congratulatory letter to Justin S. Morrill
Abstract Letter documenting the passage of the Morrill Land bill in 1858 through the U.S. House of Representatives.
Cornell A. Bell papers
Scope and Contents The Cornell A. Bell papers, 1933-2009 (12 cubic feet) document the personal and business life of Dr. Cornell Bell. Materials include photographs and correspondence between Cornell Bell and his students, colleagues, and personal friends. Although there are a few items from Cornell Bell's early life as a child, the majority of the collection documents his personal and business life from the years 1973 to 2007. The collection consists of three main series: papers, photographs, and audiovisual and...
Dale Margerum papers
Scope and Contents The Dale W. Margerum papers (1955-1974; 0.1 cubic feet) consist of miscellaneous papers collected by Professor Margerum. Two documents are related to Dr. Herbert C. Brown, 1979 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry; letter from the Secretary of the Nobel Committee of the Royal Academy of Science, stating that the Nobel Committee had received Margerum's nomination of Professor H.C. Brown for the Nobel prize and an autobiographical introduction from the book "Boranes in Organic Chemistry," by Herbert...
Donald A. Bloodgood papers
Collection — Box: 1 flat box, 1 small mss. box
Abstract Artifacts, letters, and event programs documenting the student and ROTC life of Donald A. Bloodgood.
Dorothy C. Stratton papers
Abstract This collection contains papers, clippings and photographs documenting Dorothy Stratton's life, especially her role as Purdue Dean of Women and Director of the USCG SPARS.
Purdue University Drill Team collection
Collection — Box: Box 13
Identifier: UA 79
Abstract Two items presented to the Purdue University ROTC Hall of Fame Drill Team by President Mitch Daniels in 2017.
Elwood Mead papers
Scope and Contents The papers include Purdue publications which feature Mead, publications authored by him, telegrams and condolence letters sent to Mrs. Mead upon Elwood Mead's death.
Phoebe Farris papers
Abstract This collection contains materials that document the career of Phoebe Farris. It covers her publications, as well as her contributions to art shows and exhibitions.
Christina Faulkner collection of Purdue Women's materials
Collection — Box: Communal Collections 65, Placement: 02, Folder: 1
Scope and Contents The collection consists of papers, letters and clippings relating to influential women at Purdue University, more specifically: Helen Schleman, Dorothy Stratton, Beverly Stone, Ruth Bender, and Goldeen Papenguth.
Felix and Selma Stefanile papers
Scope and Contents The Felix and Selma Stefanile papers (1920-2009; 26.75 cubic feet) document the personal and professional lives of Felix and Selma Stefanile. The collection includes rough drafts and notes of Felix and Selma's published poems and essays. It also contains personal papers which document both of their lives in New York before they came to live in West Lafayette, Indiana. Many of the photographs are focused on Felix's childhood, early life, middle and later years. The photographs document less of...
Clint Fink papers
Overview The Clint Fink papers document Fink's life and career as a peace activist and educator. The collection includes articles and notes, correspondence, personal artifacts, photographs, and publications.
Frank Milner papers
Scope and Contents The collection consists of one folder which contains correspondence from Professor D. S. Clark to John H. Moriarty, Director of Libraries, dated June 29, 1948 and another letter from John H. Moriarty to Mr. Frank Milner, dated July 1, 1948.A final letter from Frank Milner to John Moriarty was sent on July 2, 1948, along with Milner's publication of Calumet-Sag Channel and Connecting Waterways. This project was studied by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Chicago...
Fred W. and Mary Otten Rose collection on the Class of 1921 and 1922
Scope and Contents Materials collected by Fred Rose and Mary Otten Rose. The collection includes a Class of 1921 directory, records, Class of 1921, 45th, 50th, and 55th anniversary papers, correspondence to classmates in regards to events, copies of clippings from Purdue Exponent, and related materials. One folder contains photographs, newsletters, programs from 25th 30th, 40th and 50th reunions, rosters and notes from the Class of 1922 for which Mary Otten Rose was class secretary.
Leslie and LaNelle Geddes papers
Scope and Contents The Leslie and LaNelle Geddes paper document the personal and professional lives of Dr. Leslie Geddes and Dr. LaNelle Geddes. Dr. Leslie Geddes' project files, lecture notes, and awards are particularly well-represented in this collection, as is Dr. LaNelle Geddes' speeches, teaching awards, and correspondence.
George Palmer Putnam papers
Collection — Box: Box 1
Abstract The George Palmer Putnam papers include correspondence, news clippings, and articles related to the life of Putnam. Also included are his will and various obituaries.
Zelda Gould collection of Amy Otis Earhart correspondence and photographs
Scope and Contents The Zelda Gould collection of Amy Otis Earhart correspondence documents the thoughts and feelings Amelia Earhart's mother, Amy Otis Earhart, was experiencing after the disappearance of her daughter, and then coming to terms with her fate. Topics also include World War II and the events following the war, politics and elections, current events of the era, hobbies, personal concerns, thank-you notes, among other topics. There are some newspaper clippings about Amelia Earhart among the...
H. M. Baldwin papers
Identifier: MSF 23
Scope and Contents One letter; correspondence Professor Baldwin had sent to international students, as an Advisor for Students from Other Lands, dated March 28, 1934.
Henry R. Kraybill papers
Scope and Contents The collection consists of one folder, which contains articles by Henry Kraybill and correspondence (letters) from him.
Subject: Letters (Correspondence) X
Purdue University--Alumni and alumnae 20
Purdue University--Faculty 14
Purdue University 10
Purdue University--Students 7
Purdue University--Students--Social life and customs--20th century 3
∨ more
Purdue University. Army ROTC 3
Earhart, Amelia, 1897-1937 2
Hovde, Frederick L., 1908-1983 2
Kolar, Andrew K. 2
McCutcheon, John T. (John Tinney), 1870-1949 2
Phi Delta Theta Fraternity 2
Project Apollo (U.S.) 2
Purdue Club of Chicago 2
Purdue University--History 2
Purdue University. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2
Smart, James H. (James Henry), 1841-1900 2
United States. Army. Reserve Officers' Training Corps 2
United States. Department of the Navy 2
United States. Navy 2
Academy of the Kingdom of Morocco 1
Ade, George, 1866-1944 1
Aerojet-General Corporation 1
Arganbright, William E. 1
Armstrong, Neil, 1930-2012 1
Armstrong, Stephen Koenig, 1907-1990 1
Armstrong, Viola L., 1907-1990 1
Army Air Forces (U.S.) 1
Arnett, Arett C., 1882-1955 1
Baldwin, H. M. 1
Bell, Cornell A. 1
Blakesley, James Flinn, 1924 - 2016 1
Bloodgood, Donald A. 1
Boden, Whitman 1
Born, Julius Leopold, 1891-1941 1
Bradley, Omar Nelson, 1893-1981 1
Brown, Herbert C. (Herbert Charles), 1912-2004 1
Carroll, Berenice A. 1
Cernan, Eugene 1
Chaffee, Roger B., 1935-1967 1
Commercial Club of Cincinnati 1
Commonwealth Club of Cincinnati 1
Earhart, Amy Otis, 1869-1962 1
Easley, Alice Rowen 1
Easley, Jack (Jack Robert Easley) 1
Edwards Air Force Base (Calif.) 1
Farris , Phoebe, 1952 - 1
Fink, Clint 1
Francke, Dr. Gloria Niemeyer 1
Fry, Laura A. (Laura Anne), 1857-1943 1
G.P. Putnam's Sons 1
Geddes, L. A. (Leslie Alexander), 1921- 1
Geddes, LaNelle E. 1
Gemini 8 (Spacecraft) 1
Gilbreth, Frank B. (Frank Bunker), 1868-1924 1
Gilbreth, Lillian Moller, 1878 - 1972 1
Gioia, Dana 1
Gould, Zelda, 1929-2018 1
Graham, Martha B 1
Hansen, Warren G. (Hansen, Warren George) 1
Hendrix, Thomas 1
Hepburn, William Murray, 1874- 1
Indiana University School of Medicine 1
Indiana. National Guard. Artillery, Battery B 1
Jack, Charles Edward 1
Kraybill, H. R. (Henry Reist), ǂd 1891- 1
Lowe, Robert Liddell 1
Marchand, Jack A. 1
Margerum, Dale M. 1
McCormick, Ernest J. (Ernest James), 1911-1990 1
Mead, Elwood, 1858-1936 1
Miller, Simeon V. B. (Simeon Van Buren), 1882-1958 1
Milner, Frank, Col 1
Moore, Richard A. 1
Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 1810-1898 1
NASA Advisory Council 1
National Commission on Space (U.S.) 1
National Research Council (U.S.) 1
Office of Executive Vice President and Treasurer 1
Owen, David Dale, 1807-1860 1
Owen, Richard, 1810-1890 1
Owen, Robert Dale, 1801-1877 1
Owen, W. V. (Owen, William Vern) 1
Perry, Thomas 1
President's Advisory Council on the Peace Corps 1
Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (U.S.) 1
Project Mercury (U.S.) 1
Purdue Boilermakers (Football team)--History 1
Purdue Memorial Union 1
Purdue University--Buildings 1
Purdue University--Presidents 1
Purdue University. Class of 1935 1
Purdue University. Dean of Women 1
Purdue University. Department of Animal Sciences 1
Purdue University. Department of Chemistry 1
Purdue University. Department of English 1
Purdue University. Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center 1
Purdue University. Jet Propulsion Center 1
∧ less


Perched on the dashboard, it had survived the snowstorm that began the evening before. Snow continued falling all day and the temperature plummeted to single digits.
Much later in the afternoon, after about a foot of fluff, he was there in the car to greet me after a blustery and snowy walk from the office to the parking lot.
I say "him." To tell the truth, I didn't check. I know, I know. More prejudice!
Mindlessly getting in the car and, as quickly as possible, jamming the key into the ignition while cranking vigorously in order to blast the car's heat, he went unnoticed until I was securely seated.
Just staring at me. Probably wondering what took so long, in the freezing cold.
I'm not sure where or how the expression "Cute as a bug's ear" came about. Because rarely does one bother to inspect so closely, I assume.
At best, people's response to such critters is a swat or a smush. Gently picking up with a tissue seems out of the question.
Ear or no ear, this one was anything but cute.
Maybe his (again!) orange colored shell is endearing to, say, RIT loyalists. It was colorful, I'll give him that. Though I believe the preferred color name for the school color is burnt umber, or some such exotic name.
The six legs weren't so cute. Nor were the antenna.
Not nearly as large as a dime, this guy most likely wouldn't be able to do anything bad to anyone.
Still, the bug on my dashboard, in the middle of winter, was a little disconcerting.
I would have been no more pleased were it summer. But I wouldn't have been too surprised, either.
Having practically frozen my whatdoyacallit off during the ten-minute walk to the car, how this guy came to rest on the dash remains a mystery.
Maybe he was hibernating – in the engine – all this time. And thought mid-February a good time to appear. It was, after all, Ground Hog Day.
Ushering him out into the cold with the sweep of my hand, he landed up-side up in the snow.
Another six weeks of winter, I suppose.


Westgate has updated its odds to win the College Football Playoff following Week 5.
Notre Dame is the biggest riser of the week, and Stanford is predictably the biggest faller.
Those with Clemson futures enjoyed a healthy sweat on Saturday as the Tigers narrowly escaped with a win over Syracuse. With Ohio State also pulling off a win at Penn State, the top spots on the college football national championship odds list didn't change much.
Slightly further down the list are a few notable changes. Notre Dame and Florida both saw considerable odds jumps, while Stanford and Penn State are among the week's biggest fallers.
Here's where the odds stand at Westgate after Week 5.
Notre Dame knocked off one of the toughest tests on its schedule with ease on Saturday. Of its remaining opponents, only Virginia Tech is currently ranked in the top 25 (No. 24).
Following its Week 2 loss to Kentucky, Florida has been rolling. The Gators have beaten Colorado State, Tennessee and Mississippi State by a combined score of 108-37 over the past three weeks.
The Ducks' title odds fell significantly after their brutal loss to Stanford last week. Their win at Cal over the weekend, however, has moved them closer to where they stood before the Stanford loss.
Stanford's chances at a playoff appearance got a lot slimmer after a blowout loss in South Bend. The Cardinal fell from No. 7 to No. 14 in the latest AP Poll, and their odds to win the national title were cut by more than half.
Even though the Nittany Lions outperformed expectations by covering the spread on Saturday night, their odds to win the national championship took a hit as a result of the loss.
They've got only one loss, but they still have meetings with Michigan State, Michigan and Wisconsin on their schedule.
Oddsmakers weren't giving the Utes much of a chance to win the national title before their loss to Washington State over the weekend. Now with two losses, Utah is looking at an essentially impossible road to the playoff.


This post is just an update of my photographs from by Baltimore visit on Sunday.
So,I didn't post them on Monday… sue me, I was busy!
We are hittin' the city!
Oo… I've never seen this building before!
A famous market, I am told.