As our country struggles to find common ground regarding our most basic community needs, we need new opportunities to help us come together with the most unlikely people from our communities. This program showed me that by doing so, we may in fact unravel the myths that separate us to find that we have more in common than we believe to be true. Yet what is key is giving space for people to be heard, to learn from and empathize with their struggles, which ultimately should open our eyes to the cries emerging from our communities.
I strongly believe this is what it takes for the transformation many of us are seeking and hoping for in our communities. We cannot move to action without first knowing and listening to other perspectives around us. We cannot create new programs without first understanding what all stakeholders believe are the challenges and opportunities available before us. We should not proceed without first grappling with the complexity of issues we may be eager to resolve—from community violence, poverty to the health disparities ruining our communities.
This takes time, effort and may require more of us than simply moving forward with what we believe. Yet if we invest in our communities in this way, we may be surprised at what emerges. I believe that in so doing, you will find new allies to help, new resources that may have not been previously available, to new ideas and opportunities that may go deeper and wider in trying to meet the needs that have been unmet over time.
David Bornstein, founder of Ashoka said it best in his book How to Change the World "it takes creative individuals with fixed determination and indomitable will to propel the innovation that society needs to tackle its toughest problems." The PLS program scholars reminded and inspired me to keep fighting for what I believe to achieve the work I so deeply care about particularly in our Latino communities. I hope they inspire you too to do the same as you work day in and day out to foster change in your community.


Glad to hear you had a nice trip to the UK. Interesting thing about the weight loss and the walking theory. I wondered the same thing a few years ago when I went to NYC. I'm from TN, and the obesity rates here are even more insane than they are everywhere else. But when I went to NY, I couldn't help but notice that not only did people walk everywhere but most of them were slender. I attributed the discrepancy in obesity rates to the amount of walking living in the city required. I wonder if it's truly that amazingly simple.
Lauren, welcome back! Sounds like you had an awesome trip. Glad you and the family had a good time. I just hope getting through the airports and the flight weren't too rough with the little one.
As for walking in NYC, not only do you walk everywhere, but you are also usually carrying a work bag around with you, and on top of that, not only do we walk here, but we walk FAST. It becomes a habit of walking fast. Much faster than the typical stroll people outside the city take. And Manhattan isn't all flat either, lots of graded avenues as well.
Glad to have you back with us and looking forward to reading about your further exploits.
It just may be that true! Now that I think about it, I don't remember seeing very large people walking around London. Hmmmm!
Thank you! I did have an awesome trip. The airports and flights were crazy but we managed.
You said it! Walking fast, holding bags, and not to mention wearing several pounds of warm clothes. Oh and you can't forget the inclines. All of that is a recipe to keep weight under control. I am a firm believer that diet is 65% of the puzzle, but I now there is a gray area. If you live in a city where you do tons of walking diet must be more like 50%.
I love London; it is my kind of town. Contrary to popular belief this is not some feeble attempt at plagiarizing advertising copy from other major cities in the world.
Everything in London seems to be clustered: All the antique bookshops, all rich people who are owners of huge Limousine London vehicles are on the same street. . All companies that make CG effects for movies are within few blocks of each other. The big web companies (except for Google, who have moved into a 'palace' near Victoria station) and web ad agencies are also within a small radius of each other. London will always be special for me as I met my lovely wife here.


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Broadleaf newsletter
As noted in the previous newsletter, we have had some technical problems with our RSS feed that we're still trying to fix. We have a short-term solution, but it will involve one extra click to access new case study and resource material. Please bear with us until we have a long-term solution in place.
Modelling schedule uncertainty in a tunnel development
Tunnelling presents challenges not found in other forms of construction. Analysis of uncertainty in tunnelling schedules may require a different approach from that used for the analysis of a process plant construction, for instance. In some situations, existing schedule modelling tools lack the means to represent particular features of tunnelling developments. However, these can be addressed, with appropriate expertise, using two modelling tools and exchanging information between them.
Broadleaf newsletter for April 2018
We hate receiving lots of emails, so we only send the Broadleaf newsletter once per month, and then only if there has been a change to our web site. However, we do try to generate a case study or some interesting resource material every month, so you should expect to receive the newsletter regularly. You may have noticed that there was no newsletter in April. That was due to a technical problem with our RSS feed, so there will be several new items available in May.
Headline risks
A condensed version of Dr Dale Cooper's resource paper 'Headline risks: seeing the big picture' was published in the November issue of Risk Management Today, volume 27, number 9, page 140, 2017.
RiskNZ Conference, August 2017
RiskNZ, formerly the New Zealand Society for Risk Management, will be holding its conference in Wellington NZ on 17-18 August 2017. The conference title is Repositioning Risk Management. Dr Dale Cooper will be presenting a keynote address on 'Governance, leadership and enterprise risk management' on 17 August, and chairing a conference wrap-up session on 18 August.
Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development probabilistic contingency estimation guidelines
Broadleaf was engaged by the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development to help draft Probabilistic Contingency Estimation guidelines. These have now been issued for comment.
Complex systems methods and ICT projects
Stephen Grey presented an introduction to complex systems and ICT projects at an event in Melbourne in May 2017 entitled 'Agile Thinking: Public Sector Perspectives'. The presentation material can be downloaded (see full post).
Complexity methods to support design
Stephen Grey addressed the Designing Health conference, held on 24-25 October 2016 in Adelaide, on supporting system and service design using methods developed to work with complex systems. His talk focused on narrative based methods and the use of SenseMaker(TM) to enable large scale, geographically dispersed and longitudinal exercises.
Complexity and design
An article by Stephen Grey on the value of complex systems methods for public sector program design was published in The Mandarin on the 1st of September 2016.
Complexity and risk
We assume complexity means risk and a combination of scale and complexity is sometimes used as an indicator of project uncertainty. Complexity, scale and risk are bound together in the way we think. It may be, though, that the risk associated with complex projects is not just due to complexity itself but also the way we choose to deal with it.
Sign up to receive monthly updates about new Broadleaf resources, news and case studies.
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HomeWorldNorthern white rhinos: could science save the sub-species?
Northern white rhinos: could science save the sub-species?
March 4, 2019 World Comments Off on Northern white rhinos: could science save the sub-species?
The story of the northern white rhino grabbed global attention when the world's last male, named Sudan, died in March 2018 – leaving just two females on the planet.
Sudan's death dimmed the hope of survival for the sub-species that has been at the brink of extinction.
Any future for the northern white rhino now lies in the hands of pioneering scientists.


Beginning Monday, the Indiana Department of Transportation will pave US 52 in Tippecanoe County.
TIPPECANOE COUNTY, Ind. (WLFI) — Beginning Monday, the Indiana Department of Transportation will pave US 52 in Tippecanoe County.
Several intersections will close during the project.
Closures include County Road 450 East, 450 South, 600 East, and 700 South.
This project involves patching and resurfacing U.S. 52 from South 30th Street in Lafayette to East County Road 900 South.
The northern section of U.S. 52 in Lafayette will be resurfaced with asphalt. The southern portion of this project spanning from just north of County Road 500 E. to 900 south will be concrete work.
During this phase, traffic will be shifted into one, 11 foot lane in each direction. The work is scheduled to be finished by the end of September.


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Home / Publisher Profile / Publisher Profile: Merck Publishing Group
Publisher Profile: Merck Publishing Group
Publisher Profile February 23, 2021
No Comments on Publisher Profile: Merck Publishing Group 51
In 1899, the American drug manufacturer Merck & Co. first published a small reference book for physicians and pharmacists titled Merck's Manual of the Materia Medica. It was meant as an aid to physicians and pharmacists, reminding doctors that "Memory is treacherous." Compact in size, easy to use, and comprehensive, The Merck Manual (as it was later known) became a favorite of those involved in medical care and others in need of a medical reference.
Over the years, each subsequent edition of the book grew in size and scope to become one of the most widely used comprehensive medical resources for professionals and consumers. As The Manuals evolved, they continually expanded the reach and depth of their offerings to reflect the mission of providing the best medical information of the day to a wide cross-section of users, including medical professionals and students, veterinarians and veterinary students, and consumers. Today under Merck Publishing Group, The Manuals, both professional and consumer, have been translated into 17 languages.
In 2014, the decision was made by Merck Publishing Group to move to digital-only publications. Continuously updating the content digitally allows The Manuals to keep pace with the current rapid advances in medical information. Digital publication also allows The Manuals to include all manner of multimedia and frees them from the need to fit information within the confines of bound books.
Over the years, we have received four editions of different Merck Manuals, all having been reviewed. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 11th edition, Aiello (Merck Publishing Group, 2016) and The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, 20th edition, Porter et al. (Merck Publishing Group, 2018) have been selected by health sciences librarians as Essential Purchase Titles on the Doody's Core Titles list, under Veterinary Medicine and General Medicine respectively.
General Medicine Merck Publishing Group Merck's Manual of the Materia Medica Publisher Profile The Merck Manual Veterinary Medicine


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Q: adding a new data column in a file consisting of 4 columns I have two tab delimited files:
File 1: 12 rows and 1 column
File 2: 12 rows and 4 columns
I want to merge these two files i.e., I have a new file of 12 rows and 5 columns (last column should be from file 1.
Any suggestions for shell script

A: You can use paste for that:
paste file2 file1

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Guaymas Basin
Jan. 12–22, 2000
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Sausage patties
Home fried potatoes
Cheese burgers
Pasta Fagioli (beans and shells)
Roast pork loin
Baked snapper fillets
Sugar snap peas with pimentos
Steamed cabbage
RV Atlantis pulls up to the dock in Manzanillo, Mexico as the deck crew and 2nd Mate Rick Bean prepare to throw over the lines.
Daily Update: Arriving in Manzanillo
By Dr. Dan Fornari and Dr. Susan Humphris
RV Atlantis continued steaming at about 14 knots towards Manzanillo, Mexico all day in fair weather and good seas. Final packing of equipment, and making sure that data are all backed up and organized occupied the science party today. The ping-pong tournament got down to the finals with Luis Hurtado and Martial Taillefert playing for the championship. Martial won in a closely matched contest and won an RV Atlantis cup donated by Captain Silva.
Seabirds were sighted with increasing frequency as we approached shore, along with the smell of land; a musky fragrance that every seafarer knows and loves. The bridge kept close watch on all the other ships and small boats that were around us. Manzanillo is the busiest shipping port on the Pacific coast of Mexico so there are many cargo and other ships in this area.
As we approached Manzanillo we saw brown boobies, seabirds that dive into the ocean for small fish. When on land these birds look funny as they waddle. Like many birds that live out on the open ocean, they have legs that are very poorly developed for walking on land; that's why they waddle. We also saw long, skinny fish skipping out of the way of the ship's bow wave, and the blow from a large whale just outside the harbor. It sounded with a flip of its fluke as the pilot boat approached.
When a ship comes into a foreign port, it is required to fly the flag of that country. Atlantis was flying the Mexican flag as we steamed into port and also was flying a yellow "quarantine" flag that indicates the ship has not yet cleared immigration and customs. The red and white flag is flown all the time the ship is under the control of the harbor pilot, who is knowledgeable about the local waters and can safely steer the ship to the dock.
Pulling into the inner harbor of Manzanillo, we saw the colorful, pastel-painted houses that rise up on the hill above the port. Atlantis docked at 1900hrs as the lines went across to the men waiting on the downtown pier. The sunset was hazy and red as the scientists made plans to gather for a post-cruise party to celebrate the accomplishments and discoveries of the cruise and the end to another successful series of Alvin dives on RV Atlantis.
While this cruise is over, another will start in just 5 days. Remember to check back starting January 27th as a new group of scientists heads out to the mid-ocean ridge at the East Pacific Rise crest near 9° 37'N and 114° 17'W. There, they will collect very detailed geophysical data using instruments mounted on Alvin that measure the Earth's gravity and magnetic fields to help better understand how ocean crust forms. Join us for Cruise 2, "How Does the Mid-Ocean Ridge Work", participate in our Alvin dives, and learn about volcanic activity on the seafloor.


I'm not an auditor or CPA, thank goodness. The first time I heard of SAS 70 (Statement on Auditing Standards No. 70, Service Organizations) happened when I visited Symantec in October. Last week, however, one of my clients asked what I knew about SAS 70. I knew Symantec used its SAS 70 results as a way to avoid having every Symantec managed security service client perform its own audit of Symantec. My client wanted to know if his company might also benefit from getting a SAS 70 audit.
I found an exceptionally helpful CSO Online article by Michael Fitzgerald about SAS 70. I'd like to share some insights from it.
For security audits, Sherinsky recommends a different AICPA standard: SysTrust, an attestation engagement that includes criteria for system security. SysTrust was developed to help CPAs gauge whether systems meet the following criteria: availability, security, processing integrity, online privacy and confidentiality.
That's extraordinary. It means all the customers who get a SAS 70 audit from a service provider aren't getting any real security assurances. It sounds like Common Criteria.
A SAS 70 audit does not rate a company's security controls against a particular set of defined best practices. In a SAS 70 audit, the service organization being audited must first prepare a written description of its goals and objectives. The auditor then examines the service organization's description and says whether the auditor believes those goals are fairly stated, whether the controls are suitably designed to achieve the control objectives that the organization has stated for itself, whether the controls have been placed in operations (as opposed to existing only on paper), and in a Type 2 engagement, whether these controls are operating effectively.
The fact that a company has conducted a SAS 70 audit does not necessarily mean its systems are secure. In fact, a SAS 70 may confirm that a particular system is not secure, by design.
It sounds like reading the SAS 70 report is important!
Service providers say they're being asked more and more often for SAS 70 audits, often instead of governance standards like Cobit or ISO 17799. That's even true for companies that handle security functions, traditionally more oriented toward granular best-practice tests than the broad audit test of SAS 70.
Michael Scher, general counsel and compliance architect at Nexum, a security product and service provider, says his company is preparing to undergo its first SAS 70 audit. "It's an efficiency-type move," Scher says. It will save his company the trouble of having to be audited by every potential client, or generate reams of documentation in answer to questions.
SAS 70 intended purpose: To provide user auditors with information about controls at the service organization that may affect assertions in the user organizations' financial statements. This generally enables a user auditor to perform an audit.
Trust Services intended purpose: To provide assurance that an organization's system's controls meet one or more of the Trust Services principles and related criteria. Areas addressed by the Principles include: security, online privacy, availability, confidentiality and processing integrity.
It seems SAS 70 is not at all what the customers think it is. Alternatively, they know they are not getting any security assurances, but just want a rubber stamp. Apparently this is more make-work for CPAs, since SAS 70 work must be done by a CPA.
Application of Current Skills and Knowledge. CPAs have the ethical standards and principles needed to evaluate and provide assurance on the reliability of systems. CPAs have skills in evaluating evidence, determining the effectiveness of internal controls, and reporting to third parties on the results of the work performed.
New Skills and Knowledge May Be Required. CPA in public accounting and CPAs industry may require additional competencies in addition to those from the traditional accounting, audit, and tax arena in order to provide services related to SysTrust. In order to deliver SysTrust-related advice or assurance, CPAs may need to use automated techniques.
ISO/IEC 27001 is an information security standard published in October 2005 by the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission. Its complete name is Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management systems -- Requirements. The current standard replaced BS 7799-2:2002, which has now been withdrawn.
ISO/IEC 27001:2005 specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, maintaining and improving a documented Information Security Management System (ISMS). It specifies requirements for the management of the implementation of security controls. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 17799:2005, a security Code of Practice, which offers a list of specific security controls to select from.
This is also the first standard in a proposed series of standards which will be assigned numbers within the ISO 27000 series. Others are anticipated to include a re-publication of ISO 17799, a standard for information security measurement and metrics, and potentially a version of the current BS7799-3 standard.
It should also be noted that this certification scheme now aligns with other ISO schemes, such as those for ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
This blog entry has some opinion on ISO 27001 too.
Do any of you recommend a certain standard to show your company is implementing effective security practices?
In my past experiences SAS70 has been implemented by private companies that do a significant amount of business with publicly traded companies (who are SOX compliant).
These private companies may be connected to these public companies for control processes/data and also dependent upon the financial systems of the private company. This (I guess) provides the public companies with assurance that the private companies are performing some type of due diligence.
I've always found it interesting from the infosec perspective that the policy is written and the customer can only be responsible for being compliant with the policy. I did run into an instance where an auditing company was trying to force security requirements not written in the SAS70 policy. We as the customer just noted that we would put them as a recommendation.
The first approach however was first following the ISO17799 standard, but quickly the amount of work tripled for being compliant so the policy was slimmed down. I don't think this is the type of policy where private companies will spend a lot of time unless the public companies demand more from their private partners or customers.
SAS 70 is one of those phenomenons that has reached critical mass and is widely accepted for all sorts of purposes now. We are being forced by our customers to go through it and there isn't a whole lot we can do about it.
I would not say SAS 70 is all bad though. SAS 70 forces you to get your operations under control, and that's important. There are a lot of service providers that are secure, but could do a better job doing security reliably and repeatably well.
A SAS 70 audit is often the stimulus needed to get the proper motivation to do the right things for your operation and get management buy-in for implementing the right controls, even if they are not specifically prescribed by the standard.
I'd say it's more useful than say, HIPAA, from that perspective.
...Do any of you recommend a certain standard to show your company is implementing effective security practices?"
Richard, this is a joke, right? You're being sarcastic?
With a dozen "standards" to choose from, what's the problem with me asking what other people recommend? And so what if I'm new to SAS 70 -- it's not even meant for security purposes. Relax.
While working for a Big 5 firm, I was sent on a SAS 70 engagement. It was a bit confusing at first, since I was a security guy and this seemed an awful lot like an accounting audit. Anyway, I assumed I was there to provide some technical security expertise. When I recommended that we at least do some basic vulnerability scanning, the engagement lead laughed and said that would require an entirely new contract - ie, more money.
My organization is a large web host and considered a "service provider" by most people and standards. We have gone through and passed both the SAS70 and PCI audits.
I agree that the public perception of the SAS70 is vastly different from what it was designed to accomplish; even more so with the different types of SAS70 certifications (Type 1 & Type 2).
Type 1 simply states that at one single point in time, that particular organization followed these guidlines. It doesn't mean that they follow these practices before and/or after that particular date in time. The Type 2 is more in-depth, which I feel carries more weight.
As far as security goes, I feel that the PCI Compliancy is better. Obviously, PCI was designed for the credit card infrastucture and companies that process cards online. But the audit actually involves a detailed questionaire, followed by one or more security scans and site surveys. Also, the PCI compliancy is a quarterly audit; unlike the SAS70 Type 1 which is a one time policy overview.
SAS70 Type 1 is just a description of a list of controls and objectives of this control. For example. a company chooses "network segmentation" as a control with the objective of segregating critical information systems based upon trust level. During a SAS70 Type 1 audit, the auditor is going to provide assurance that at a certain point in time, this control was in place.
A SAS70 Type 2 provides assurance over a certain period of time. The same controls can be defined as in a type 1, but they will also be tested over time (over the last financial year for example).
Often there are companies who only list their controls which they KNOW are working correctly, and the other (immature) controls are silently left out of the report.
I personnaly don't think SAS70 is useless. It can provide reasonable assurance (yes, I still am an auditor :) ) if the selection of the controls has been done ethically and professionally.
One primary issue with a SAS70 is that it is a test of the clients controls - that is if the client says that they do ABC then the auditor will test ABC, they will not (usually) pass an opinion on whether ABC is the correct way to do it, or in many cases whether ABC actually works.
The clearest example of this would be in the area of patch management, if the client claims that they apply patches on a regular basis and have a sign off sheet then this process is what is tested. The issue of whether or not the pacthes are actually applied (for instance by running a vulnerability scan) is never addressed. In practice we have seen this several times where an organization supposedly has good patch management policies and can produce a list showing every patch applied and to what, however when performing some technical testing we have found this to be incorrect, yet the SAS70 makes no mention of this.
The testing tends to be far too audit focused and does not address technology as deeply as it should (if it was going to be used for scurity reliance).
Systrust is only marginally better, security controls are tested but rather narrowly.
This article makes the same mistakes that every article written by security professionals makes....it tries to compare a security assessment (aka "apples") to a SAS 70 audit (aka "oranges"). And, BELIEVE IT OR NOT, security professionals always seem to conclude that apples are not oranges and apples are better than oranges...EUREKA!
There is no substitute for a SAS 70 audit in terms of providing third party verification to clients and their auditors in conjunction with a financial statement audit and/or SOX. It is, essentially, the only acceptable substitute for a CPA firm reviewing the service organizations themselves.
There is no one security standard that the industry would agree upon. There is no one standard that contemplates all of the possibilities that could be in place at a service organization. There is not authoritative body that regulates standards or enforces licensing. There is no real risk of civil or criminal liability for gross negligence related to a security assessment.
It is very possible that a company could need both types of audits. There is also nothing that prevents a company from incorporating the components of standards they have implemented into the scope of their SAS 70 audit. However, note that it generally not preferable to be very specific about security information in a report issued to third parties b/c of obvious issues as well as the fact that it guarantees feedback from all your clients on their OPINIONS about your configurations. Such conversations are better held offline if that level of detail is desired.
One final note is that if you need a SAS 70 audit, you should find an audit firm (and team) that has significant SAS 70 experience. This is hard to find, even at the "Big 4" firms. If you need a security assessment of any type, don't call a CPA firm...and don't consider SysTrust. Call a security assessment and find a team that has experience performing information security audits.
Thumbs up, you hit the target.
Anyone looking for a security certification should look no further than ISO 27001:2005. Unlike SAS70, 27001 has a list of predefined controls (around 150, give or take a few). An organization must state whether that control applies to them, how they meet the control, and provide evidence that they have met the control as they state. If you state that a control does not apply, you must provide enough evidence to that fact to convince the auditor. My first ISO 27001 audit is in a week, and I have talked to others within my organization that have already been audited. For all of us, it has helped us tremendously to find weaknesses and to create processes to correct them.
Is there a reason the private sector does not use NIST guidance at all? Specifically NIST 800-53 from an Information Security perspective?
It is a pretty comprehensive set of security controls that are well documented.
SAS 70 is something completely different as Systrust or ISO27. It is a method with (very strict) rules for the CPAs to execute a service delivery audit. If the control objectives put in the SAS 70 by the organisation are strong it is the best assurance on the market (SAS 70 type 2). The devil is in the details but that is the same for all reports (e.g. ISO27, Systrust).
ISO27 certification can only for ISO27001. It is thus only a statement of "yes, they have processes in place". If they actually work you do not known.
If you would put the ISO27002 control objectives in a SAS 70, you would get; "I, a CPA, states that these control objectives are met and that the controls are working every day. If not you may sue me". That is a strong statement.


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New zoo exhibit features animals of South America
Most people have never seen a cotton-top tamarin. They probably have never even heard of one. The Naples Zoo wants to...
New zoo exhibit features animals of South America Most people have never seen a cotton-top tamarin. They probably have never even heard of one. The Naples Zoo wants to... Check out this story on news-press.com: http://newspr.es/1cnK0ud
By Andrea Stetson;, Special to Coastal Life; Published 12:13 a.m. ET Jan. 2, 2014
This Cotton-top tamarin is one of the most popular parts of the new South American exhibit at the Naples Zoo. (Photo: Andrea Stetson/Special to Coastal Life )
Most people have never seen a cotton-top tamarin. They probably have never even heard of one. The Naples Zoo wants to change that. It wants people to see, hear and learn about exotic creatures.
Its South American exhibit that opened this week features unique and unusual creatures.
"It gives us, once again, a chance to introduce species that folks have not known," said Tim Tetzlaff, conservation director for the Naples Zoo. "We love when you can use names like Patagonian cavies and some of the other species and you are not saying words like zebra and lion that everyone knows. I think it's a wonderful thing to say there are animals people have never even heard of."
The new exhibit features a cotton-topped tamarin, a giant anteater, a giant kudu, red-footed tortoises and Patagonian cavies. When the exhibit made its debut this week, visitors rushed to see the cotton-top tamarins. The tiny monkeys, with a shock of white hair, attracted people like magnets to their cage where the creatures clung to the bars posing for photos and scampering up branches.
Visitors learned that cotton-top tamarins sleep late to avoid some predators that are active at dawn, and at night. These small monkeys wait more than an hour after sunrise to start foraging, and find a tree to sleep in before sunset.
"He's super cute," said Sandy Shedden, who came to the exhibit debut. "This is something brand new. I don't even think I've seen them in pictures."
It's that uniqueness that zoo officials are especially excited about.
"You do want to have the species that people love that's why we do have the iconic species," Tetzlaff said. "But the next step is to see what needs are out there, and what are animals are out there that people have never heard of."
Visitors at the debut admitted they had never seen some of the creatures, and were excited to learn about the animals.
"I had never even heard about them before," admitted Kris Gaffney. "I found it very hard to walk away from them because they are so cute."
"If you've never seen an animal then it's hard to care about it," added Marcia Brownstein.
The new additions even impressed the president and CEO of the Naples Zoo, who enjoyed watching the cotton-top tamarins scamper around.
"They are so cool," Jack Mulvena said. "They are the punk rockers of the monkey world."
The tamarins are just part of the new exhibit.
Through a large glass-viewing wall guests can watch the giant anteater shuffle through the tropical foliage or play in a pool of water. The new Patagonian cavies, large rodents related to guinea pigs, move about in a pen just below the branches of a big tree where the zoo's two-toed sloth barely moves as she clings to the tree.
Nearby, the giant kudu keeps a watch on the hill, ambling down to the fence to munch on leaves. The red-footed tortoises are also part of the new exhibit, helping people learn that while most tortoises eat only plants, the red-footed tortoise also consumes the meat of deer, wild pigs, birds and snakes.
Now that the new exhibit is open, Mulvena and his crew are turning their attention to the future. Mulvena wants to open a new exhibit every year to keep guests educated and entertained.
? What: New South American exhibit
? Where: Naples Zoo, 1590 Goodlette-Frank Road
? When: Daily 9 a.m.-5 p.m.
? Cost: Adults ages 13 through 64 $19.95; Seniors ages 65 and up $18.95; Children ages 3 through 12 $12.95; Children ages 2 and under Free
? Info: 262-5409; napleszoo.com
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Applications of biotechnology to traditional fermented foods
VII. Commercialization
24 Commercialization of Fermented Foods in Sub-Saharan Africa
25 Biotechnology for Production of Fruits, Wines, and Alcohol
26 Future Directions
Leslie Fook-Min Yong
The preparation of fermented foods predates the recorded history of Man. Early humans used observation of the apparent effects of microbial alteration of food characteristics to develop processes for food fermentation. The resultant fermented products normally have a different texture and flavor compared to the unfermented starting materials, thus making them more palatable and digestible and prolonging their shelf life. Technical progress was initially slow, as reflected in the long fermentation periods required; it was incremental to the technical know-how and basic scientific information then available. It is probably fair to say that in the very early days brew-masters were more artisans than technologists. With the rapid advancement in understanding of the basic sciences of microbiology and biochemistry, coupled with the introduction of new equipment, the developed nations have forged ahead in improving the safety and efficiency of the bioprocesses used to manufacture traditional fermented foods, such as cheese fermentation.
"OLD" AND "NEW" BIOTECHNOLOGY
With the rapid progress in the biological sciences, both basic and applied aspects, it has been possible to gain a better understanding of the mystery that has surrounded fermentation processes. The types of microorganisms involved has been isolated and identified, and the physiology and metabolism of these organisms have been studied. Hence, traditional fermented foods can now be made better, faster, and more economically. The application of available knowledge to improve traditional food fermentations in developed countries has far outpaced that in developing countries.
In this paper I draw on my experience working with soy sauce fermentation and then proceed to discuss the production of flavor and fragrance materials by microbial fermentation. Experience gained from this traditional fermented condiment has enabled me to develop novel bioprocesses for the production of aroma chemicals.
The terms "old biotechnology" and "new biotechnology" have been used - "old" to mean the undirected manipulation of microorganisms and plants, such as by mutagenesis and selection of the better strains. In this old biotechnology I would like, for convenience, to include directed control of the physical and chemical environments of the fermentation process, which could result in better performance of the useful microbes.
Though mutation increases the ability to select better strains, there can, of course, be little directed alteration of genetic material. The new biotechnology, such as recombinant DNA techniques, overcomes this problem. The new biotechnology can, of course, be of tremendous help in producing superstrains of microbes that could enable acceleration of fermentation processes, provide more efficient utilization of raw materials, and produce better-quality products. How best can developing nations apply these biotechnologies to traditional fermented foods? Should it be application of the "old" before the "new," "new" without the "old," or "old" and "new" simultaneously?
In their enthusiasm to promote the new biotechnology for traditional fermented food applications, scientists from developed countries should not forget the different environments that exist in developed and developing countries. In developed countries the old biotechnology is already well understood and practiced efficiently in fermented food industries. Developing countries may need to acquire a better understanding of the old biotechnology before efficiently absorbing and implementing the new biotechnology to its fullest.
APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Preparation of traditional fermented foods is more complex and time consuming than that involved in the production of single chemical substances. For example, in soy sauce fermentation more than one type of microorganism is involved, whereas in citric acid fermentation only one species of fungus is normally used. How can developing countries apply new knowledge in the old and new biotechnologies to their own complex traditional food fermentations?
Take soy sauce fermentation as an example of a traditional fermentation process conducted in a developed country, such as Japan compared with that in a country like Malaysia. The technology in use in Japan is sophisticated, very advanced, and highly productive and mechanized. The microbes used have been selected over the years for their performance in producing a better-quality product. The cottage industry soy sauce fermentation in Malaysia is highly labor intensive and usually relies on "natural" inoculation of raw materials using unwashed trays for previous fermentations rather than using a separately prepared inoculum of Aspergillus oryzae.
The equipment used in Japan to conduct the fermentation is state of-the-art machinery with microprocessor or computer control to provide the optimum conditions for microbial growth and activity. The microorganisms used have been manipulated by mutagenesis to give better performance, such as better enzymatic activity to give better hydrolysis of proteinaceous matter in defatted soybean meal as well as better flavor production. In comparison the average process used in Malaysia could be considered primitive.
This disparity is attributable to a better understanding of the theoretical and practical bases of soy sauce fermentation by scientists and technicians in Japan's soy sauce factories. The old biotechnology involved in this type of traditional fermentation is well understood in Japan, and the Japanese are now able to make better use of the new biotechnology - such as the directed alteration of genetic material of the mold (Aspergillus oryzue), yeast (Saccharomyces rouxii), and bacteria (Pediococci) used in soy sauce fermentation so as to improve their fermentative qualities.
Necessary Prerequisites
For developing countries to make full use of the available biotechnologies in their traditional food fermentations, an understanding and acquisition of expertise in the following areas are essential.
Art of fermentation
A clear understanding by the master brewer of every step used in the fermentation is needed. This is the art of fermentation. Although the master brewers might not have scientific backgrounds, they could normally ensure a proper fermentation as a result of years of experience. Without a knowledge of the art of traditional food fermentation, a scientist cannot provide a scientific explanation for the process and proceed to provide assistance in improvement of the process.
It is essential to know which microorganisms involved in food fermentations are useful and how the physiology and metabolism of these microbes are affected by the physical and chemical environments of fermentations, as well as how their microbial activities in turn affect the fermentation processes. Microorganisms normally break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids present in the raw materials to be fermented by releasing enzymes into the medium. As the raw materials are hydrolyzed, the environment is changed, as sometimes reflected by a drop in pH value. Moreover, the breakdown products such as peptides and amino acids can be further converted into smaller volatile molecules that are odoriferous and hence improve the flavor characteristics of the fermented foods.
Upstream and downstream processing
Normally raw materials are pretreated before fermentation. It is important to comprehend how such pretreatment could affect the fermentation process. In soy sauce fermentation, whole soybeans are steamed to make the soy protein more easily hydrolyzable by the proteases of Aspergillus oryzae. In so doing, too much moisture is introduced and wheat flour must be added to lower the moisture content to a level that does not favor early bacterial growth and hence prevents spoilage of the fermentation.
Downstream processing does not affect the bioprocess involved. However, it could alter the normal organoleptic properties of the product, especially when downstream processing involves heating, such as in the pasteurization of soy sauce. Heating causes a change in the flavor of soy sauce due to nonenzymic browning reactions, which could result in the production of pyrazine compounds.
An understanding of the biochemical activities of the microbes actively participating in the fermentation could help to explain the change in the texture of the raw material as well as the origin of flavoring substances often present in fermented foods. Flavor and texture are important properties of fermented foods. Elucidation of flavor production in such fermentations could result in the development of processes for producing of flavoring materials by fermentation, as in the production of cheese flavors by Penicillium roquefortii.
Fermentation equipment and techniques
Practical experience in the use of both solid-state and submerged culture fermentation equipment is very useful. Normal training includes submerged culture bioreactors but not solid-state fermenters. It is useful to know both types of fermentations because traditional food fermentations often involve solid state fermentation. In soy sauce fermentation an initial solid-state fermentation is followed by a submerged fermentation step. Systems that measure and control pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and moisture help to make these bioprocesses more efficient and reduce the time required for production of a quality product.
For developing countries, future directions in applying biotechnology to traditional fermented foods should be: (1) training of a pool of technicians in the art and science of traditional food fermentations and (2) investigations by local scientists into the scientific basis of indigenous food fermentations.
Theoretical basic science education, such as the microbiology and biochemistry of food fermentations, could be taught in schools; so could the use of modern bioreactor systems. However, the application of such biotechnological knowledge to actual commercial fermentations can come about only after a practical experience in a fermented food factory for a period of time. The approach to be taken in applying biotechnology to traditional food fermentations should be that of finding solutions to existing bioprocessing problems and not trying to find problems with newly acquired biotechniques.
Only after the old biotechniques of fermentation have been successfully used can industries in developing countries look forward to using the new biotechniques of recombinant DNA to improve the genetic constitution of the microorganisms involved.


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Justus Jonas
German religious reformer
THIS ARTICLE IS A STUB. You can learn more about this topic in the related articles below.
Alternative Title: Jodocus Koch
Justus Jonas, original name Jodocus Koch, (born June 5/6, 1493, Nordhausen—died Oct. 9, 1555, Eisfeld, Saxony), German religious Reformer and legal scholar. A colleague of Martin Luther, he played a prominent role in the early Reformation conferences, particularly at Marburg (1529) and at Augsburg (1530), where he helped draft the Augsburg Confession, a fundamental statement of Lutheran belief. He is best known for his German translation of the Latin writings of Luther and Philipp Melanchthon. An advocate of Erasmus' Humanism, he introduced Greek and Hebrew into the curriculum on becoming rector of the University of Erfurt (1519).
Reformation, the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century. Its greatest leaders undoubtedly were Martin Luther and John Calvin. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effects, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three…
Leaders of Germany
Germany is a federal multiparty republic with two legislative houses. Its government is headed by the chancellor (prime minister), who is elected by a majority vote of the Bundestag (Federal Assembly) upon nomination by the president (head of state). The table provides a chronological list of the…
Nordhausen, city, Thuringia Land (state), central Germany. It lies on the Zorge River, at the southern slopes of the Harz Mountains, in the fertile lowland known as the Goldene Aue ("Golden Meadow"). First mentioned in 927 as the site of a royal castle near the older Frankish settlement of…
June 5, 1493 or June 6, 1493
Nordhausen, Germany
Eisfeld, Germany
Augsburg Confession
role in


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Various Artists: I Can't Get That Evil Wiener Song Out of My Head
Chris Toenes
I Can't Get That Evil Wiener Song Out of My Head
Label: Hypno-Vista
UK Release Date: Available as import
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, received so much attention in the post-grunge era, when tastemakers and a drooling record industry looked for the "next Seattle". Just as in smaller musical communities the world over, sleepy Southern towns have tiny rivulets of creative juices ebbing and flowing under the streets. In some of those nooks and crannies, songwriters like Bill "Billy Sugarfix" McCormick emerge. McCormick is the genteel man behind small wonder band Evil Wiener, who share the same long lineage in this musically fertile area with better-known bands like Superchunk and Archers of Loaf. Despite the foreboding sound of the band's name, Evil Wiener's music is fantastical pop, rough-hewn gems with the earnestness and naiveté of minimal artists like Jonathan Richman and Galaxie 500. Fleshing out McCormick's metaphorical yarns, the band is fundamentally a trio, with McCormick's guitar and vocals backed by a solid rhythm section of Groves Willer on bass and drummer Chuck Garrison (who once played in pop band Small and was the original drummer for Superchunk). McCormick's day job as a substitute schoolteacher may also inform his sense of child-like innocence, as explored on the records from which this tribute release takes its basis, last year's Evil Wiener Presents Billy Sugarfix's Lost Gumdrop Kingdom, and the band's first full-length Haunted House of Our Love.
For those who've frequented many of the local music joints around the Triangle area of North Carolina, particularly in Carrboro, affectionately known as the Paris of the Piedmont, those catchy little numbers penned by McCormick virtually hang in the air everyone's breathing. This collection represents local friends and neighbors who have internalized the music of Evil Wiener for as long as their residence. Visions of gumdrops and haunted houses and striped-shirted troubadours dancing in their heads, they turned out their own translations of McCormick's songs. The simple structure of the originals allows for a lot of interpretive play by those covering the tiny melodic jewels.
Some took this opportunity to great success, honoring McCormick's tunes while giving the listener a completely new animal altogether. Take brilliant standout "Fairy Tale", redone by the Stray Sod (Chuck Johnson of local group Spatula and Amy Wilkinson of Chew Toy), which captures the magical, otherworldly nuances of the original, but takes it to a wholly other place. Bass-driven dark overtones creep in, piano tinkles throughout, until Wilkinson's captured environmental recordings of birds give the song a sense of place; making this fable very real. Punk outfit the Ghost of Rock strips bare "Bad Manners", hops up the tempo and thanks to whiskey and Bud, finally takes advantage of the innocence therein. For a countrified version of an Evil Wiener song, replete with George Jones-ish bass vocal, try the Two Dollar Pistols' "Silver Dollars". The Three Torches evoke a cigarillo-smoking Nick Cave with their "Haunted House", the trio Holy Roman Empire float "Maria" on a luminescent cloud of harmonium and delicate vocals, and Shallow Be Thy Name check in nicely with an upbeat strummer on "Mary Poppins". Poncho Holly, taking the melodic pop into the stratosphere, gives a tweaked sense of unrest to "Ann Can", with spiraling guitar that fades out into loops and feedback. The duo Work Clothes, with their soaring harmonies and sparse instrumentation, stretch "Marching Band", giving it a somber tone.
I Can't... breaks the rules of most tribute records, and works as a great collection of songs, whether or not one has already become an Evil Wiener fan or not. It also acts as a window into the great music currently bubbling up from the Chapel Hill area, with as rich a tableau of sounds as ever.
various artists i can't get that evil wiener song out of my head


I have succeffully installed a 3-node Vertica cluster. I wanted to use the Management Console for monitoring the cluster before creating my Vertica database and ran into an error. The message says it's a warning but it's preventing me from doing anything in the MC. I've gone through all of the pre-reqs before installing the MC and everything to that end should be fine (including my NTP time synchronization which is what the warning message was all about). I've even checked to make sure that the stratum level was not 16 (and it wasn't) using the command given in the Vertica documentation: /usr/sbin/ntpq -c rv | grep stratum. I will attach a screenshot of the error message I'm getting.
If anyone knows what else I can do to fix this warning I'm getting, please let me know! Thanks ahead of time.