text:
Unravelling life history of the Inland Freshwater Crab Austrothelphusa transversa in seasonal tropical river catchments
Nathan J. Waltham
Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), Freshwater Ecology Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. Tel + 61 7 4781 4191; fax + 61 7 4781 5589, E-mail address: nathan.waltham@jcu.edu.au
Australian Zoologist (2016) 38 (2): 217–222.
Nathan J. Waltham; Unravelling life history of the Inland Freshwater Crab Austrothelphusa transversa in seasonal tropical river catchments. Australian Zoologist 1 December 2016; 38 (2): 217–222. doi: https://doi.org/10.7882/AZ.2016.034
Few freshwater aquatic species have ecological traits that deal with the vagaries of flow in ephemeral tropical rivers. In northern Australia, the tropical freshwater crab, Austrothelphusa transversa (von Martens, 1868) is a conspicuous species that occupies seasonal rivers, where it is thought to estivate in underground burrows while waiting for summer rain. During a survey in seasonal river catchments the first photographic evidence was obtained of an estivating female crab containing 42 crablets under the abdomen plate. Uncovering this female with crablets suggests that egg development progressing to crablets occurs during the dry season estivation when crabs are underground and no water exists in river channels; if this is the case then this female crab may have been waiting for rain, to emerge and successfully continue the life cycle in water. Since 2012 the southern Gulf of Carpentaria has experienced below average rainfall, contributing to no or short flow periods over most of the landscape. In light of modelled climate change (which predicts an increase in the number of years with low rainfall in northern Australia), along with intensification of agriculture development, it is postulated that reduced access to water might become a regular challenge for this crab species. With more data the IUCN Red List status (Least concern) for this species might need further review.
tropical rivers, waterholes, freshwater crabs, Austrothelphusa transervsa, water resource development, climate change, Australia
© 2016 Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales


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Instagram: How to Use Multi-Capture in Stories
Instagram added a new Multi-Capture feature to Stories, which allows users to create and share multiple photographs at once. Our guide will show you how to use the Multi-Capture feature in Instagram Stories.Note: These screenshots were captured in the Instagram application on iOS.Step 1: On the Instagram Stories camera, tap the Multi-Capture icon on the left side of the screen. Step 2: Tap the capture button at the bottom of the screen to take your first photo. Step 3: Tap the capture button up to seven more times to create up to eight Stories posts in total. When you're done taking photos, tap "Next" at the bottom of the screen. Step 5: Now, you can edit each post individually by tapping on the photo previews in the bottom-left corner of the screen to switch between pictures. Step 6: When you're ready to share your posts, tap "Next" in the bottom-right corner of the screen. Step 7: Tap the desired Share and/or Send buttons to share your posts to your Stories or send them to one or more friends.
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2017 was a record year for venture capital investment in Latin America, and the first quarter of 2018 saw three new Latin American unicorns born. So what's driving a record year, and a big start to 2018, for the region? Let's dig through the numbers and find out.
VC investments in the region surpassed $1 billion last year for the first time, spiking by 128 percent over the $500 million seen in 2016, according to recent data from the Latin American Private Equity & Venture Capital Association (LAVCA). Deal volume surged by 26 percent from 197 in 2016 to 249 in 2017.
Co-investing was also way up in 2017. Sixty-seven percent of VC dollars, or $633 million, were co-invested in Latin America in 2017 compared with $203 million in 2016.
Brazil was the largest recipient of funding in 2017, with Mexico coming in second. Brazilian startups accounted for 45.4 percent of reported deals closed in 2017 with $859 million invested across 113 transactions, up 208 percent compared with $279 million raised across 64 deals the year before.
Latin America is known for financial challenges, so it's not shocking that fintech startups make up the biggest chunk (29 percent) of deals financed in 2017. But regarding fastest-growing sectors, marketplace and transportation startups were among those that saw the biggest surges in venture dollars raised. Marketplace startups raised $342.2 million in 2017 compared to $18.2 million in 2016. Transportation tech companies raised $203.5 million in 2017 compared with just $3.4 million in 2016.
Unsurprisingly, in a record year, one can expect to see record rounds. Sao Paulo-based rideshare startup 99 closed the largest publicly disclosed venture capital round to date in Latin America, raising more than $200 million in a Series C round from SoftBank, Didi Chuxing, and Riverwood Capital.
Brazil's Movile, which specializes in mobile marketplaces and online-to-offline applications, brought in a total of $135 million in 2017 with South Africa's Naspers and Poland's Innova Capital making follow-on investments. The company has raised $271 million since its inception in 1998.
Grupo Netshoes is a Sao Paulo-based ecommerce platform for shoes that raised a total of $215 million in expansion capital prior to its IPO on the NYSE in April 2017.
"$100 million-plus rounds were relatively rare occurrences, but you're starting to see more deals of this size happening," Ruvolo said.
And so far, 2018 is turning out to be another banner year as well. In the first quarter of 2018, three tech startups gained unicorn status: the aforementioned 99 when Didi Chuxing announced it would acquire a majority stake in the startup for about $600 million; digital finance startup Nubank out of Sao Paulo when it raised $150 million in a Series E round led by Hong Kong's DST Global; and PagSeguro via an IPO that was actually the NYSE's biggest IPO since Snap. Colombian last-mile delivery startup Rappi raised $185 million from Germany's Delivery Hero, Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, and others, in January.
For those who have invested in Latin America for some time, these events are not a surprise. They've been in the making "for a while," according to Ruvolo.
One likely factor behind the record earnings and surge in activity is that 25 global investors made debut investments in the region last year, according to LAVCA. Investors such as SoftBank, TPG's The Rise Fund, Telstra Ventures, and Rethink Education participated in a number of notable deals.
The region has also increasingly been on the radar of global tech companies seeking to expand. Giants such as Facebook, Amazon, Spotify, Netflix, Google, Uber, and Airbnb have made it part of their strategy to grow their presence in Latin America. For example, Latin America is the fastest-growing market globally for Airbnb, and Amazon launched its first-ever debit card in Mexico in March 2018. It's also investing in data centers, logistics, and the launch of Echo in Latin America.
Brazil has also benefited in an increase in cross-border funds such as Valor Capital Group, which has its headquarters in New York but offices in Menlo Park and Sao Paulo. The firm was formed by Scott Sobel in late 2013 specifically to focus on investing in Brazil and on US-Brazil cross-border opportunities. It raised $40 million in its first fund, which closed in 2014. Out of that first fund, Valor has invested in 14 companies in Brazil and 10 in the United States with companies that have potential in the Brazilian market.
Among Valor's U.S.-based portfolio companies are San Francisco-based digital currency startup Coinbase, social networking site Nextdoor, and Illumio, a cybersecurity company.
Valor is about 90 percent deployed on its first fund with 75 percent of its capital going into operating companies in Brazil, according to Michael Nicklas, partner of Valor Capital. It was primarily focused on fintech, edtech, logistics, digital platforms, and "health and wealth," he said.
The firm mainly invests in Series A rounds and had raised $56.8 million toward a $100 million second venture capital fund as of April, according to a filing with the SEC. Since Fund 2 launched early last year, Valor has made seven investments.
Previously, business model innovation—where existing technology was applied to sectors—in Brazil was more prevalent.
But now startups are also focused on areas where they can address inefficiencies or can drive productivity often via a combination of cloud and mobile, according to Nicklas. The innovation that is currently being born in Brazil has the potential to go global, he added.
Nicklas believes the Brazilian market has a lot of potential even as the country struggles to bounce back from a prolonged recession.
Looking ahead, it's clear the Latin American region is seeing more activity than ever. What remains to be seen is if it can continue this momentum in the years ahead.


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Nabors Corporate Services and C&J Well Services Settle EEOC Race Discrimination Suit for $1.2 Million
Oilfield Services Company Discriminated Against Black Workers, Subjecting them to a Hostile Work Environment, Denying them High Paying Assignments, and Retaliating Against those who Complained, Agency Alleged
SAN ANTONIO, Texas - Nabors Corporate Services, Inc. and C&J Well Services, Inc., two Houston-based oil field services companies, have agreed to pay nine Black employees and one of their White co-workers a total of $1,225,000 to settle a race discrimination and retaliation lawsuit filed by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the agency announced today.
The EEOC's lawsuit alleged that Nabors Corporate Services, Inc., and its operational successor, C&J Well Services, Inc., violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by subjecting black oilfield workers at their Pleasanton, Texas yard to a hostile environment that included the pervasive use of racial slurs in the workplace. The lawsuit further alleged that the company's managers intentionally assigned Black employees to lower paying jobs and fired workers in retaliation for reporting racial harassment. The EEOC alleged that one Nabors worker who was told by the human resources department not to speak negatively about a harasser was later terminated when he reported a racist social media post shared between employees. According to the EEOC, another Black employee was called a racial slur at a meeting in front of supervisors and was then fired for reporting his objection.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment discrimination based on race, including harassment and retaliation, forbids such alleged conduct. The EEOC filed suit in U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, San Antonio Division (EEOC v. Nabors Corporate Services, Inc., et al., Civil Action No. 5:16-cv-00758) after first attempting to reach a voluntary settlement through its conciliation process.
"Workplace harassment, including the pervasive use of racial slurs and circulating racist social media posts, have absolutely no place at the worksite. The EEOC is committed to eliminating this unlawful conduct and to protecting the rights of employees," said EEOC Trial Attorney Philip Moss of the EEOC's San Antonio Field Office.
The two-year consent decree resolving this case, approved by U.S. District Judge Frederick Biery, requires the companies to provide training to their employees informing them of their rights and protections under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Under the consent decree, the companies will revise their policies regarding race discrimination, harassment, and retaliation. Going forward, the companies committed not to employ four individuals who the EEOC identified as having participated in the race harassment.
Eduardo Juarez, supervisory trial attorney in the EEOC's San Antonio Field Offices, stated, "When managers give high paying assignments based on race and permit the use of degrading racial slurs, they are engaging in practices which violate the law. This substantial settlement should signal to employers that the EEOC is serious about stopping race-based harassment in the oil and gas industry."
EEOC Regional Attorney Robert Canino added, "We must all remain watchful that industries which have jobsites in rural areas are not overlooked when it comes to ensuring a safe workplace that is free from hostile behavior based on race."
Two of the class members were represented by the Law Office of Jeffrey A. Goldberg of San Antonio, Texas.
In October 2019, the EEOC's Dallas District Office also announced a settlement by Consent Decree resolving a suit against another Houston-based oil business, Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., in which the agency alleged harassment against two Muslim workers, one of Syrian and one of Indian national origin.
The San Antonio Field Office is part of the EEOC's Dallas District Office, which is responsible for processing charges of discrimination, administrative enforcement, and agency litigation in Texas and parts of New Mexico. The EEOC advances opportunity in the workplace by enforcing federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination. More information is available at www.eeoc.gov. Stay connected with the latest EEOC news by subscribing to our email updates.


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Opting for a medical career means taking on one of the toughest jobs in the industry and that is why it is important to complete a medical career questionnaire. The importance of a medical career questionnaire lies in the fact that it outlines some of the pre-requisites of the medical career, measures your level of comfortability with the profession, identifies how and where you fit into a medical career and much more.
Which of the following medical specialties and personalities do you represent?
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text:
Mahajan VK
Sharma NL
Sharma RC
Sharma VC
Erythema nodosum
Granulomatous uveitis
Article in PDF (246 KB)
Cutaneous sarcoidosis: Clinical profile of 23 Indian patients
Vikram K Mahajan, Nand Lal Sharma, Ramesh Chander Sharma, Vikas C Sharma
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
Nand Lal Sharma
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla - 171 001 (H.P.)
Background: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of undetermined etiology. Indian studies on cutaneous sarcoidosis are not many and mainly comprise case reports. Aims: This retrospective study was carried out to assess the clinical profile of sarcoidosis patients presenting with cutaneous lesions. Methods: All histopathologically proven cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis seen consecutively between 1999 and 2004 were studied. Their age, sex, presenting features, evolution of disease and laboratory parameters were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 patients (F:M 15:8) between 31 to 78 years (mean 44.3 years) of age had the mean duration of skin lesions of 1.4 years. Six patients had one to four lesions; two patients each had scar sarcoidosis and angiolupoid and one patient each had recurrent erythema nodosum, leg lymphedema and subcutaneous sarcoidosis. Others showed combination of papules, nodules, plaques and psoriasiform lesions. Peripheral lymph nodes were involved in two patients. Among 10 patients of pulmonary involvement, three had become symptomatic four months to four years after the cutaneous lesions. Routine laboratory investigations including serum calcium estimation were normal in all cases. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were raised in 3 out of 6 patients. Asymptomatic lytic lesions of digital bones were detected in hand X-ray of one patient. Conclusion: Skin lesions of sarcoidosis are like the tip of an iceberg indicating more changes in other organs. The symptomatology and abnormal laboratory results do not necessarily correlate with the severity of cutaneous involvement in general.
Keywords: Erythema nodosum, Granulomatous uveitis, Interstitial lung disease, Sarcoidosis
Mahajan VK, Sharma NL, Sharma RC, Sharma VC. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: Clinical profile of 23 Indian patients. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007;73:16-21
Mahajan VK, Sharma NL, Sharma RC, Sharma VC. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: Clinical profile of 23 Indian patients. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol [serial online] 2007 [cited 2021 Jan 21];73:16-21. Available from: https://www.ijdvl.com/text.asp?2007/73/1/16/30645
Sarcoidosis, a multisystem disease of obscure etiology, is characterized by the formation of noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas in several organs or tissues. The main organs affected are the lungs, lymph nodes and eyes in the order of frequency. Cutaneous involvement is polymorphic and is seen in 20-35% patients with sarcoidosis.[1],[2] Out of these cases, about 25% patients have exclusively cutaneous affection.[3]
The incidence of sarcoidosis varies among countries and different ethnic groups.[4],[5] The recorded prevalence is 10 and 40 per 100000 population in the US and Europe respectively.[4] In India, the exact prevalence of sarcoidosis is not known. It has been variously estimated as 61 and 150 cases per 100000 outdoor patients in Delhi and Kolkata hospitals respectively in the past.[6] The reporting of cases, particularly of cutaneous sarcoidosis, is also very low and mainly comprises single case reports. We studied the clinical profile of 23 cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis encountered by us during a span of five years.
Twenty-three patients of cutaneous sarcoidosis detected consecutively during 1999-2004 were studied. All these patients had presented on their own, primarily for their cutaneous lesions. The diagnosis was mainly on clinical suspicion and confirmed by histopathologic examination of at least one skin lesion. They were subjected to detailed history and thorough dermatologic, ophthalmic and systemic examination. Patients having perinostril or perioral lesions were particularly screened for upper airway involvement. Chest X-rays and spirometric pulmonary function tests, routine hematological investigations, hepato-renal assessment, serum glucose, electrolytes and calcium estimations were performed in all of them. In addition other relevant investigations were performed in variable number of patients. Results of radiographic investigations and spirometry were interpreted in consultation with respective consultants.
The age, sex, duration of disease, number and morphology of cutaneous lesions, systemic features and investigative profile are tabulated [Table - 1],[Table - 2]. These 23 patients were between 31 to 78 years of age (mean 44.3 years). There were 15 women (31-78 years) and eight men (40-50 years) having a ratio 15:8. There were no children.
Disease profile
A combination of numerous papular, nodular and plaque lesions was a commoner presentation as compared to six patients having one to four lesions. The lesions were widely distributed over the face, trunk and extremities with a mean duration of 1.4 years.
One patient each had recurrent episodes of fever, arthralgia, erythema nodosum (EN) and diffuse pitting edema over shins, ankles and feet of 15 days and 1½ years duration respectively. The presenting features in the other 21 patients were polymorphic skin lesions of one and a half months to nine years duration. The lesions were asymptomatic and variable hue of lesional erythema was characteristic.
Two patients had annular plaques, involving the face, scalp and forearm in one and the back in the other. A few psoriasiform plaques, particularly over the scalp, were present in three patients in addition to multiple lesions of different morphology. Two patients had angiolupoid noduloplaques over the face, scalp and ear lobes. Subcutaneous nodules of sarcoidosis were seen over the right hand in one patient. Two patients presented with sarcoid nodules fixed to overlying scars of childhood injuries over the forehead and chin.
Polyarthralgia involving the ankles, knees and elbows, one and a half to four and a half years before onset of cutaneous lesions was complained of by two patients, while another patient had history of episodes of low-grade fever and malaise associated with numerous sarcoidal plaques. One patient had been treated for granulomatous uveitis one and a half year prior to onset of multiple papular lesions of sarcoidosis, erythema nodosum and other features of L φfgren's syndrome. Cervical and cervico-femoral lymphadenopathy was found in two separate patients. Three patients developed shortness of breath and cough four months to four years after the cutaneous lesions had appeared. Ten patients showed simultaneous involvement of lungs or pleura documented by X-ray, spirometery and/or CT thorax.
Histopathologic features
Lesional skin biopsies in 20 patients and fine needle aspiration cytology of scar sarcoid lesions in two patients showed characteristic multiple sarcoidal granulomas. Occasional specimen also had fibrinoid necrosis, multinucleated giant cells and asteroid or Schaumann bodies. Histopathology of involved lymph nodes in two of these patients too had granulomatous pathology consistent with sarcoidosis. The only patient having lymphedema of legs had no specific skin lesion that could be subjected to biopsy.
Radiologic features
Chest skiagrams of 10 patients had findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Six of these patients had bilateral prominent hilar shadows while bilateral miliary mottling, reticulo-nodular shadows with hilar prominence, patchy opacities and prominent bronchial markings were seen in one patient each. Obliteration of right costophrenic angle suggesting minimal pleural effusion was noted in one case. Four patients with bilateral hilar prominence showed enlarged pre- and para-tracheal, tracheobrancheal, subcarinal groups of mediastinal lymph nodes in thoracic computed tomographic (CT) scans.
The patient having leg lymphedema, though showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy, had no associated para-aortic lymphadenopathy on abdominal ultrasonography. Skull X-ray showed no bone abnormality underlying scar sarcoid lesions. Prominent trabeculae and a few lytic lesions of metacarpo-phalangeal bones were seen in hand X-ray of a 78-year-old patient having numerous cutaneous lesions and extensive nodulo-reticular pulmonary shadows in chest skiagram. She otherwise had no respiratory symptoms.
Investigative profile
Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were above normal in three of six patients. The only patient having granulomatous uveitis (L φfgren's syndrome) and generalized papular lesions had associated severe restrictive airway disease while mild to moderate restrictive airway abnormality was recorded in the spirometery of six other patients.
None of the patients had significant abnormalities of routine hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis. Results of tuberculin sensitivity available in 21 patients were all negative. Two patients did not complete investigations after histopathologic diagnosis.
Sarcoidosis affects both the sexes with a slight preponderance among females. Most patients present between 20-40 years of age but the disease can affect children and the elderly as well.[4] Females outnumbered males by almost twice in this report. The majority (22) of the patients were between 31-52 years. The oldest patient was a 78-year-old female.
In a recent review, 73% patients had only cutaneous lesions at the beginning of their disease. About 70% of them had systemic manifestations concomitantly and the remaining 30% patients developed systemic disease between six months to three years thereafter.[2] Our three patients developed pulmonary symptoms four months to four years after the cutaneous lesions and one patient had ocular involvement (uveitis) one and a half year prior to cutaneous lesions. The onset of the disease is usually insidious but may be occasionally associated with lethargy, weight loss and general malaise.[7] Polyarthritis and moderate to high fever, however, are usual in patients presenting with erythema nodosum. Only one patient, a 78-year-old female, had history of low-grade fever, malaise and numerous widespread cutaneous lesions. Two other patients having episodic fever and polyarthralgia had associated erythema nodosum and leg lymphedema.
A strong clinical suspicion and characteristic histopathology is important for the diagnosis. The polymorphic lesions usually exhibit a mixed pattern and distribution[8] and were also evident in our 22 patients. Angiolupoid lesions, seen in only two patients, are rare. They are soft, hemispherical and have orange-red or reddish-brown color due to marked telangiectatic component.[9] Annular lesions seen in the chronic stage (>2 years) result from peripheral evolution and central clearing with hypopigmentation, atrophy or scarring.[7] They have a predilection for the face, forehead and neck. Two patients with sarcoidosis of about three years duration had characteristic annular and arcuate lesions. Their presence over the back and forearm is uncommon.
In papular sarcoid, lesions are small, 1-5 mm in size and occur in hundreds. Initial orange or yellow-brown color turns brownish red or violaceous and involutes later to faint macules. In general they are associated with more favorable prognosis.[2] However, our sole patient having predominantly papular lesions had severe pulmonary involvement and had taken treatment for granulomatous uveitis in the past indicating a more progressive disease.
Subcutaneous nodular lesions ( Darier-Roussy sarcoid More Details) occur in < 5% of sarcoidosis patients. They are characterized by 1-3 cm-sized deep-seated nodules having violaceous overlying epidermis, localized mainly over the trunk or extremities and have no predictive value.[10] Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Our patient of subcutaneous sarcoidosis did not complete other investigations after histopathologic confirmations of the diagnosis.
Development of sarcoidosis lesions on scars is a specific but uncommon manifestation.[11] Previously silent scars get infiltrated, become erythematous or violaceous but remain asymptomatic and represent a benign disease. Two of our patients had sarcoidosis developing in very old scars without any systemic involvement. Diagnosis of these lesions by fine needle aspiration cytology appears possible with reasonable accuracy.
Lupus pernio, a rare form of cutaneous sarcoidosis, was once thought to occur more commonly in patients of European origin.[12] Lesions may be disfiguring and often associated with chronic fibrotic involvement of respiratory tract and osteolytic lesions of digital bones. They rarely involute spontaneously. It has not been reported from India previously[6] and was also not seen in any of our patients.
Reports on the frequency of EN in sarcoidosis are variable.[12] L φfgren's syndrome appears to be a more complete form of this reactive variety. In a large series of 251 cases of EN, it indicates good prognosis as >80% patients showed spontaneous resolution of sarcoidosis in <2 years.[13] As a general rule, specific lesions and not EN, are associated with more progressive disease.[14] Severe pulmonary disease was observed in our only patient having L φfgren's syndrome.
Bilateral but asymmetric leg lymphedema as seen in one patient in the present report is a very rare manifestation.[12] It occurs due to involvement of lymph nodes in the iliac or para-aortic region. Our patient though found having mediastinal lymphadenopathy, did not show abdominal lymphadenopathy probably due to early stage of the disease and appeared to be nonprogressive during the year of follow-up.
No organ system appears to be exempt from occasional involvement of sarcoidal granulomas. Granulomatous pulmonary involvement occurs in over 90% cases followed by sarcoidosis of intrathoracic and peripheral lymph nodes in about 75-90% patients [4],[15] Irreversible lung fibrosis and severe disability occurs in 10-15% patients.[7] Ophthalmic involvement manifests in about 25% patients as anterior or posterior uveitis, conjunctival nodule and lacrymal gland and duct lesions, occurring in that order.[16] Pulmonary/pleural involvement, asymptomatic or of variable severity in 10 patients, lymph nodes involvement in two and uveitis in one patient of the present series conform to this well established form of systemic sarcoidosis. Polyarthralgias occur with acute sarcoidosis or as a component of chronic disease[10] and have been observed in two patients in this series. They had it for one and a half to four and a half years preceding the appearance of cutaneous lesions sans systemic involvement. The liver is often affected, manifesting as biochemical abnormality in 20-30% patients.[4] Renal involvement with increased calciuria, with or without hypercalcemia, is uncommon.[4] None of our patients appeared to have involvement of the hepatorenal system.
Chest X-ray findings usually fall in one of the three patterns - bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, diffuse parenchymal involvement and parenchymal involvement with hilar lymphadenopathy.[4] Variable parenchymal involvement and/or hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy was discovered in nine patients in this series on chest skiagrams or thoracic CT scans. Infiltration of pleura and pleural effusion, that may be massive sometimes, have been documented rarely.[6],[17] However, pleural effusion is more often unilateral, small and detected on sonography,[6] as seen in one of our patients who had blunting of a costophrenic angle due to minimal pleural effusion. Lytic lesions of hand bones observed in one of our patients with extensive cutaneous lesions have been well described previously. Asymptomatic bone changes, especially lysis with bone cysts involving small bones of hands and feet are more common and destructive in black South African patients[13] but are uncommon in Indians.[6],[12]
Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level, seen in 50-60% patients, is neither a sensitive nor a specific diagnostic marker of sarcoidosis and does not reliably correlate with disease activity or its prognosis.[7],[18] Negative tuberculin sensitivity is a well known feature of sarcoidosis and extremely important in tuberculosis endemic areas like ours. All those patients tested for tuberculin sensitivity in this report had negative reaction.
Delayed diagnosis appears to be another feature in this part of the world where tuberculosis remains the first diagnostic possibility. Anti-tuberculosis treatment is often given for prolonged periods before the diagnosis of sarcoidosis is finally made. High index of clinical suspicion therefore is of paramount importance.
The prognosis of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis depends mainly on the extent of systemic involvement. However, the extent of cutaneous lesions does not correlate with that of systemic involvement and their prognostic value remains unclear.[19] The present report also reflects no correlation between cutaneous involvement and systemic features or abnormal laboratory results in general.
Departments of Ophthalmology and Pulmonary Medicine, I. G. Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh provided their valuable help and guidance in carrying out this study.
1. Kerdel FA, Moschella SL. Sarcoidosis. An updated review. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984;11:1-19.
2. Mana J, Marcoval J, Graells J, Salazar A, Peyri J, Pujol R. Cutaneous involvement in sarcoidosis: Relationship to systemic disease. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:882-8. [PUBMED]
3. Hanno R, Needelman A, Eiferman RA, Callen JP. Cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas and the development of systemic sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 1981:117:203-7.
4. Braverman IM. Sarcoidosis. In : Feedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, editors. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 6th ed. Mcgraw Hill: New York; 2003. p. 1777-83.
5. Edmondstone WM, Wilson AG. Sarcoidosis in Caucasians, Blacks and Asians in London. Br J Dis Chest 1985;79:27-36. [PUBMED]
6. Gupta SK. Sarcoidosis: The Indian scene. Indian J Clin Pract 1993;3:19-27.
7. English JC, Patel PJ, Greer KE. Sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:725-43.
8. Okano M, Nishimura H, Morimoto Y, Maeda H. Faint erythema. Another manifestation of cutaneous sarcoidosis? Int J Dermatol 1997;36:681-4.
9. Gawkrodger DJ. Sarcoidosis. In : Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA, Breathnach SM, editors. Textbook of Dermatology. 6th ed. Blackwell Science: Oxford; 1998. p. 2679-700.
10. Odom RB, James WD, Berger TG. Sarcoidosis. In : Odom RB, James WD, Berger TG, editors. Andrews' Diseases of the skin. 9th ed. WB Saunders Co: Philadelphia; 2000. p. 896-910.
11. Nayar M. Sarcoidosis on ritual scarification. Int J Dermatol 1993;32:116-8. [PUBMED]
12. Jacyk WK. Cutaneaous sarcoidosis in black South Africans. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:841-5. [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]
13. Neville E, Walker AN, James DG. Prognostic factors predicting the outcome of sarcoidosis: An analysis of 818 patients. Q J Med 1983;52:525-33. [PUBMED]
14. Veien NK, Stahl D, Brodthagen H. Cutaneous sarcoidosis in Caucasians. J Am Acad Dermatol 1987;16:534-40. [PUBMED]
15. Lynch JP 3rd, Kazerooni EA, Gay SE. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med 1997;18:755-85. [PUBMED]
16. Ghabrial R, McCluskey FJ, Wakefield D. Spectrum of sarcoidosis involving the eye and brain. Aus NZJ Opthalmol 1997;25:221-4.
17. Warshawsky ME, Shanies HM, Rozo A. Sarcoidosis involving the thyroid and pleura. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 1997;14:165-8. [PUBMED]
18. Callen JP, Hanno R. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in patients with cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas. Arch Dermatol 1982;2:232-3.
19. Minus HR, Grimes PE. Cutaneous manifestations of sarcoidosis in Blacks. Cutis 1983;32:361-3. [PUBMED]
[Table - 1], [Table - 2]
1 Epidemiological, Clinical, and Paraclinic Aspect of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in Black Africans
Mamadou Kaloga,Ildevert Patrice Gbéry,Vagamon Bamba,Yao Isidore Kouassi,Elidjé Joseph Ecra,Almamy Diabate,Sarah Kourouma,Kouadio Celestin Ahogo,Kouassi Alexandre Kouamé,Komenan Kassi,Kanga Kouame,Abdoulaye Sangaré
Dermatology Research and Practice. 2015; 2015: 1
2 Sarcoidosis presenting as psoriasiform Koebnerized papules in an Indian male
Ashok Ghorpade
International Journal of Dermatology. 2013; 52(10): 1282
3 Sarcoidal alopecia mimicking discoid lupus erythematosus: Report of a case and review of the literature
Chia-Fen Tsai,Hsing-Chuan Lee,Chia-Yu Chu
Dermatologica Sinica. 2013;
4 Sarcoidosis and molecular mimicry—important etiopathogenetic aspects: current state and future directions
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2012;
[VIEW] | [DOI]
5 Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis
Juan Mañá,Joaquim Marcoval
La Presse Médicale. 2012; 41(6): e355
6 Cutaneous sarcoidosis in southern Taiwan: clinicopathologic study of a series with high proportions of lesions confined to the face and angiolupoid variant : Cutaneous sarcoidosis in southern Taiwan
M.C. Wu, J.Y.-Y. Lee
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2012; : no
7 Clinical and histopathological analysis of specific lesions of cutaneous sarcoidosis in Korean patients
Jung, Y.-J., Roh, M.R.
Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2011; 22(1): 11-17
Ye-Jin Jung,Mi Ryung Roh
Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2011; 22(1): 11
9 Sarcoidosis: Are there differences in your skin of color patients?
Candrice R. Heath, Jennifer David, Susan C. Taylor
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2011;
10 Cutaneous sarcoidosis - A great masquerader: A report of three interesting cases
Reddy, R., Shashi Kumar, B., Harish, M.
Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2011; 56(5): 568-572
11 Cutaneous sarcoidosis
Bargotra, R., Suri, J., Gupta, Y.
JK Science. 2010; 12(3): 145-146
12 Recurrent Telangiectasias on the Cheek: Angiolupoid Sarcoidosis
Salvador Arias Santiago,María Antonia Fernández-Pugnaire,José Aneiros-Fernández,Cristina Serrano Falcón,José Luis Callejas-Rubio,Norbérto Ortego-Centeno,Salvio Serrano-Ortega
The American Journal of Medicine. 2010; 123(1): e7
Santiago, S.A., Fernández-Pugnaire, M.A., Aneiros-Fernández, J., Falcón, C.S., Callejas-Rubio, J.L., Ortego-Centeno, N., Serrano-Ortega, S.
American Journal of Medicine. 2010; 123(1): e7-e8
14 A retrospective analysis of 34 patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis assessed in a dermatology department
R. Rajaratnam, R. Lim, H. Lewis, B. Collin
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2010; 35(2): 131-134
15 Sarcoidosis of the Skin
Saurabh Lodha,Miguel Sanchez,Stephen Prystowsky
Chest. 2009; 136(2): 583
16 Sarcoidosis of the skin: A review for the pulmonologist
Lodha, S., Sanchez, M., Prystowsky, S.
Chest. 2009; 136(2): 583-596
17 Cutaneous sarcoidosis without systemic manifestations
Mohanty, R., Singh, S., Bhattamishra, A.
Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2009; 54(5 Suppl): S80-S82
18 Sarcoidosis with photosensitive lesions : AA rare variant
Gangopadhyay, A., Das, J.K., Sengupta, S.
Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2009; 54(1): 90-92


Welcome to the Hinrich Foundation's Orientation page for all Global Trade Leaders attending Tel Aviv University Recanati Business School's Sofaer International MBA program!
On the left sidebar you find a list of informational resources related to student life in Tel Aviv. These have been created by our current scholars attending TAU to better prepare you for your arrival and ensure the smoothest transition when you start university.
Have a great first semester and congratulations again on being chosen for the Hinrich Global Trade Leadership Program!
HF documents: Since you are offered a Hinrich Foundation scholarship, scholars has to provide and check some documents and information needed from sponsor such as essay writing, MoU, and student's stipend that has to submit on time and provide the information correctly and honestly.
University documents: there are many documents the Sofaer IMBA requires to fill-out and submit on time. The HF coordinator will ask through the email or phone to provide the information and documents required from university.
Passport: in the meanwhile running and providing the documents to HF and TAU, scholars should make sure as well that his/her passport is not expired in 6 months. If in case do not have passport yet, that you have to run document to make a passport which allow you to travel.
Visas for Foreign Students: To apply for a student visa please contact your local Israeli Consulate or Many embassies/consulates will require an acceptance letter and proof of a return ticket. In most cases the official letter of acceptance your received attached to your acceptance email should work fine. If not, please be in touch with the staff of Sofaer IMBA. Depending on your country of citizenship, you may have the option to apply for a student visa once in Tel Aviv. However, it is strongly recommended to apply in your local Israeli Consulate or Embassy prior to your arrival.
Transportation: after finished whole processes of requirement, time to organize travel to Tel Aviv. Scholars should check the university time schedule and make sure should arrive before formal school registration 5 days in order to be ready on place to stay and get familiar with the school and its environment. For the flight booking, scholar should books returned flight within 21 days. Scholars can get reimbursement from HF latter when arrived Tel Aviv as actual amount of payments in domestic and outside country.
For School: In general, Israel is a very casual place. Business attire is really just starting to become the norm for day-to-day time at the office and most Israeli's still won't wear a tie to an important meeting. Combine this attitude with a very hot and humid summer climate and you get a relatively casual professional atmosphere. During certain Career Management sessions, site visits, case competitions, conferences, and networking events, students will be asked to dress in formal business attire.
For Play: Overall you should pack lots of light clothing for the fall/summer/spring (including your bathing suit!). Winter in Tel Aviv (if it's a good winter) is rainy, so make sure to pack an umbrella, a waterproof jacket and shoes in addition to your warm clothes. Since most houses are not well insulated in Israel, it should be noted that December through February can be quite chilly outside as well as inside. We also recommend you bring a few nice ―dress up items for cocktails, parties, clubs etc… (You are in Tel Aviv after all).
For the Outdoors: Israelis in general are very outdoor-oriented. Throughout Israel are thousands of hiking trails, hundreds of places to go camping, and many places for swimming, horseback riding, ATV'ing, and (even) skiing!. Although you can buy much of your outdoor equipment in Israel, it's recommended to bring your favorite equipment with you.
Computer Requirement: All students in the program are required to have a laptop with up to date Microsoft software. Use of Excel 2007/2010 is crucial in many classes. If you have an Apple computer, you will have to run Windows on it concurrently. The Excel version for Apple computers will not be sufficient.
Arrival at the airport: Upon your arrival at Ben Gurion International Airport there are 2 different ways you can get to Tel Aviv.
Train: From the arrival hall follow the signs to the train station which is located in the airport on Level S of the Landside Building. Train tickets can be purchased through automated ticket dispensers and cost 15 NIS one way.
Taxi: Just outside the arrivals hall is the taxi cue. There is a flat fare for Tel Aviv of approximately 120 – 130 NIS (This price will be higher on Friday night or Saturday). If you ask a taxi driver to turn on the meter, they are required by law to do so. If they claim the meter is broken, get a new taxi.
By Bus: The Dan bus company runs a number of buses to the university from Tel Aviv. Buses 13, 24, 25, and 127 are the most convenient bus lines for students coming from Central Tel Aviv. Once the official school year begins after the Sukkot holiday, you will have the chance to purchase a Dan bus pass with a significant student discount. To purchase you must have your student card. Further details will be provided at Orientation.
By Train: The University train station in Tel Aviv (called Tel Aviv University) is located approximately 15 minutes by foot from the Recanati Business School. During the academic school year there is a shuttle (bus 27) that runs between the station and the university. You can catch it just outside the main gates.
ID Card: you will receive a student ID during the orientation.
Health Insurance: The University provides insurance that is included in the cost of tuition. University Health Insurance is non-refundable and is mandatory for all TAU International students.
Course Catalogue: Please check the Course Catalogue 2013/2014 page on the website of Sofaer IMBA. This is subject to change and as the year approaches. A full list of courses will appear in our General Guideline Booklet.
Academic advising: academic advising for the Sofaer IMBA will be provided by Prof. Simon Benninga. Prof. Benninga will be available to advise students regarding electives, waivers, exchange opportunities and overall learning strategies for students.
Language Course: The Sofaer IMBA program includes the possibility to take Hebrew language courses during Modules 1 to 4. Additional languages are offered by Tel Aviv University's Division of Foreign Languages and TAU International. Please note that currently language courses will not count for credit and most courses are conducted in the given language and Hebrew.
On-campus housing: Tel Aviv University does offer a limited number of dormitories for graduate-level students. Dorm rooms are available on a first-come, first-serve basis.
Outside the campus or off-campus housing: Many students opt to find an apartment in Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv or commute from surrounding towns. Apartment hunting in Tel Aviv can be quite time consuming and the process can be lengthy. This can be partially explained by the extremely fast-moving market. Students are advised to set time aside specifically for apartment hunting prior to the start of the program. 2-3 weeks is recommended. Students may also want to consider finding a short-term rental for the first couple of weeks before finding an apartment. Hostels are another temporary option. For more about hostels, see http://www.hostelsweb.com/cities/telaviv.html.
Cost of accommodation: Depending on a variety of factors, you should be prepared to pay anywhere from 2500 NIS (living with 1 or 2 roommates) to 4600 NIS (living alone) per month for a partially furnished apartment.
Just a two minute walk outside the university's main gates on Einstein St. (next to the dorms), is a grocery store catered to students that has particularly good prices. It's worth it to check out Machsanai Yahav (formerly Super Bonus) on the way to the bus stop.
The larger grocery stores in Israel are: Supersol, Mega, and Tiv Ta'am. Supersol and Mega are closed on Shabbat everything in the store is Kosher. Tiv Ta'am on the other hand also sells non-kosher products and is open on Shabbat.
Also open on Shabbat is AM:PM. AM:PMs sell fresh produce and most staple groceries, though there is usually no meat or cheese counter. As the name suggests, AM:PMs are always open.
Another great way to shop is by visiting the markets. Carmel Market located at the intersection of King George, Allenby, and Sheinkin is a great place to get ANYTHING you might ever need. Beyond food, the market also has stores that sell flowers, hardware, clothes, etc.
Shuks are also great for other kinds of shopping like: Nahalat Binyamin – An arts and crafts market held every Tuesday and Friday with live music and entertainment. It's parallel to Shuk Hacarmel. Shuk Bezalel – Discount clothes. off of King George St., close to the corner of Allenby Street. Shuk Levinsky – An amazing market for spices, nuts, dried fruit, etc. If you're looking for some antiques or vintage items check out the Shuk Hapishpishim in Jaffa.
There is definitely no shortage of shopping in Tel Aviv. In the downtown area the major shopping streets include Sheinkin, King George St, Bograshov, and Dizengoff. Shopping on these streets can range from very affordable to very expensive!
There are a number of malls in Tel Aviv: Dizengoff Center (Dizengoff and King George), Azrieli (Kaplan and Begin St.), Ramat Aviv Mall (Einstein and Brodetsky), and if you're willing to go a little further, Ayalon Mall (bus 20 from Tel Aviv) is generally a very affordable mall will lots of good stores.
There are also outdoor markets such as Nachalat Binyamin–an artist's market open on Tuesdays and Fridays. On Friday there are also markets open in the Tel Aviv Port and Jaffa Port.
Laundry: There are many Laundromats throughout the city. In general, self-serve laundry should cost around 15 NIS per load. Dryers will be cost less– around 10 NIS. Before you lug all your laundry, be sure to check out what amount of change the machines require. Many require three 5 shekel coins exactly. The washing machines usually take around half an hour. The dryers will take less time than a standard North American dryer. Be careful to watch your laundry as it dries. Shrinking clothing is not unusual. Dryers usually use 5 shekel and 1 shekel coins. Available at many dry cleaners is laundry service. Cost is determined based on kilograms of laundry. Some locations offer a pick-up and/or drop-off service.
Post Office: There is a post office located just outside the main gates of the university on Levanon St. across from Cafe Greg. There are many services and products that are offered such as: stamps, phone cards, fax services, money changing (better rates than at the bank). You can even buy a credit card there and pay most of your bill. For more information about post offices near you: http://www.israelpost.co.il/.
Time being a scarce commodity in a one-year MBA, Interest Groups provide a platform for students to connect to others with common professional interests for the purpose of sharing contacts, facilitating small group encounters and providing mutual support in the networking process.
Sofaer IMBA Student RepresentativesBeing a Student Rep is a great opportunity for any student interested in a leadership position. Student Reps are the main liaison between staff and Sofaer IMBA students. The Student Reps will meet with the Sofaer Class Coordinator and Career Advisor on a monthly basis, in order to promote open communication between the staff and students. These meetings will allow for the students to relay the ideas, interests and concerns of the class. During these meetings the Reps will also be informed of any important information that needs to be relayed to the class. The Reps will play an active role in the planning and decision-making process that will help develop the program throughout the year. Towards the end of Orientation Week we will be holding Student Rep Elections.


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Ronin Army: The Green Ronin Community > Dragon Age RPG / AGE System > Dragon Age RPG > For anyone interested, here is a Roll20 link from me.
View Full Version : For anyone interested, here is a Roll20 link from me.
Link is to the page for my Dragon Age game on Roll20, should anyone be interested in joining that can.
For those of us not in the know, or potentially not psychic, perhaps you can tell us a little about your campaign? What time period is it set in, what content is allowed, do you have any restrictions on what the players can be, where in Thedas will the bulk of the adventure be taking place, will you be using tactical maps, do you have any unusual or not normal methods of character creation, and do you have any expectations the players should be aware of before joining?
All of those are simple questions most players should be looking for answers to, and are the questions I'm posing to you, the DM.


text:
Q: solr не создает коллекцию Установлен solr 8.4.1
пытаюсь делать так
$ ./solr create_collection -c new_core
Specified configuration directory _default not found!

Пытаюсь делать через панель solradmin - add core кнопка
 Error CREATEing SolrCore 'test': Unable to create core [test] Caused by: Can't find resource 'solrconfig.xml' in classpath or '/opt/solr-8.4.1/server/solr/test'

я специально в эту папку ложил все параметры и конфиг от ядра. он все равно не видит этого конфига
после этой команды появляется тут пустая папка.
В нее я также пробовал ложить конфиг ничего не реагирует
/opt/solr-8.4.1/server/solr/test

нашел еще можно вот так создавать
http://host:8983/solr/admin/collections?action=CREATE&name=new_core

выдает
  "error":{
    "metadata":[
      "error-class","org.apache.solr.common.SolrException",
      "root-error-class","org.apache.solr.common.SolrException"],
    "msg":"Solr instance is not running in SolrCloud mode.",
    "code":400}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Happy April, peaches! It's Kristin from School and the City.
As you know, April is poetry month. What better way is there to celebrate poetry month than by having a poetry slam?
I think kids are more motivated to work when they have something to work for, especially when it comes to writing. We all have kids who aren't avid writers, so it's up to us teachers to facilitate a love for writing by giving them a reason to write!
Most kids do love poetry units and writing poetry, because poetry in itself is just so much fun. But why not make it more fun, and more motivating for all students, by ending your unit by allowing your students to participate in a poetry slam?! Having poetry slam can be as simple or as complicated as you want it to be; It's totally up to you!
Teach the kids how to be good audience members and how to snap.
Encourage the students to dress artistically, in all black.
Show students videos of people reading / reciting poetry so they can study and mimic verbal and facial expressions.
Set the stage! Turn the lights down, gather some lamps, and set the mood.
Turn it into a café by providing food or allowing kids to bring snacks.
Find a karaoke machine or some sort of sound system to use so everyone can hear.
CLICK the picture to check out my editable invitations!
Last year, my students worked extremely hard all month creating poetry books using my templates and adding their own pages. They turned out to be great little poets! I can't wait to see how my class does this year.
What do you think? Will you host a poetry slam for your students? Let me know over at School and the City if you try it!
Have a great April in your classroom... and stay tuned for more April ideas!