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Blue Whales and Buttered Toast
February 22, 2021 By JanetKRay.com in American Museum of Natural History, whale evolution, World Whale Day	Leave a comment
Happy World Whale Day 2021!
Blue whales are a particular favorite of mine. Weighing in at 200 tons, blue whales are the largest animals on earth, and actually the largest animal ever to live on earth. A Tyrannosaurus rex is merely a lap pet for a blue whale.
About 50 million years ago, whale ancestors were wolf-sized meat eaters prowling for meals along the shores of a shallow ocean in what is now Pakistan. The evolutionary history of whales is fascinating – it's one of my favorite stories in Baby Dinosaurs on the Ark.
The blue whale has long been a mystery. Despite widespread whale hunting, hunters didn't chase blue whales. Hunters targeted slow swimmers that would float when harpooned.
Wind-powered ships were no match for blue whales who dive deep and swim at speeds of 30 mph. With the advent of steam powered ships and ballistic harpoons, however, blue whales became a popular target.
As the 20th century progressed, demand for whale oil lamps waned, but the demand for margarine on our toast increased.
Yes . . . margarine was made from blue whale blubber.
Easily spreadable, margarine was popular during the ration years of World War II and beyond. During the war, Britain declared margarine essential for national defense.
Until the international ban on whaling in 1982, blue whales were hunted to only 1% of their world-wide population. The blue whale population recovered but they are still endangered.
Have you ever stood under the life-sized model of a blue whale at the American Museum of Natural History in New York? If not, that's a bullet point for your bucket list.
If yes, drop your photo if you have one in the comments below! Or, drop your favorite whale (dolphins are whales, too)!
With my friend the blue whale, at the American Museum Natural History (New York), Hall of Ocean Life
Civic Pride in the Time of Covid
February 11, 2021 By JanetKRay.com in Covid, Covid-19, polio, vaccines	8 Comments
During the Cold War, the greatest fear in America was the bomb.
In a close second place was polio.
Everyone was at risk, children especially, but also teenagers and adults. Polio returned every year, usually during the summer. There was no prevention and no cure.
People got sick, some got very sick. Many lost the use of their legs, their arms, or both. Many lost the ability to breathe, and some lost their lives.
Americans were terrified.
But on an unremarkable Tuesday in April 1955, everything changed.
Church bells rang and factory whistles blew. Across America, people ran into the streets weeping.
In all caps, newspaper headlines shouted: "THE VACCINE WORKS."
After two years of trials, it was certain: Jonas Salk's polio vaccine worked.
In the next few days and weeks, store front windows were shoe-polished with "Thank you, Dr. Salk." Local parades featured floats celebrating the defeat of polio. President Eisenhour choked up when he met Dr. Salk at the White House.
For decades, Americans saw polio as a shared tragedy. In the wake of the Depression when philanthropist money dried up, ordinary people mailed in dimes to fight polio. Literally tons of dimes.
It was the March of Dimes that funded Salk's research.
Volunteers organized an unprecedented two million American children in the largest vaccine trial ever completed. Smiling kids posed for photos wearing "Polio Pioneer" buttons.
No wonder Americans were proud.
They saw themselves as part of a group. Americans cared not only for their own children, but for America's children. They were a public that cared about public health.
Americans have Covid fatigue. We are tired, just tired of it. We are appalled by the record deaths and the packed ICUs and the exhausted medical staffs and the damaged economy and the never-ending social distancing.
But then, hope.
It began with front-line medical staff smiling through their masks, giving weary thumbs-up in vaccine selfies on social media. Then more medical staff. More selfies.
And we loved it. We cheered and hit "like" and a lot of us teared up with every posting.
March 2020 seems like a million years ago. We now have two vaccines that are 95% effective, and we can't get them into arms fast enough.
I received my first dose of the Moderna vaccine at a mega drive through at Texas Motor Speedway. Drones and helicopters flew overhead, and the media was about with mics and cameras.
Volunteers and paramedics and medical staff were there by the hundreds, waving and smiling and chatting, and all the while maintaining efficiency like you just can't believe.
People were rolling down their windows and waving and thanking the staff and the volunteers.
I witnessed the same scene at a mega center in Dallas where my 82-year-old mother-in-law received her first jab. Big smiles everywhere. Organization, volunteers, hopefulness, thankfulness, celebration.
As more and more of us are called in for our jabs, social media selfies have not abated. It's our twenty-first century version of church bells ringing and factory whistles blowing.
Vaccine rollout has not been problem-free, nor was the celebrated polio vaccine rollout. Some vaccination sites run with the efficiency of a Chick-fil-A drive-through, while other sites struggle.
But we are hopeful. And our civic pride is showing.
We cheer, we take selfies, we heart the photos. We delight in the stories: the medical team, stalled on a highway in a blizzard with a soon to expire supply of vaccine, going car to car, vaccinating every willing arm; the hospital in California rushing against time to vaccinate their community after a freezer failure; the health care workers made honorary Super Bowl captains.
I am vaccinated for myself, sure, but it is so much more:
I am vaccinated because I want to protect my neighbors living in crowded conditions, my neighbors for whom "working from home" is not an option, my newborn neighbors, my immunocompromised neighbors, my elderly neighbors, and my teacher neighbors.
I am vaccinated because I want to be a responsible member of the herd. It's how I love my neighbor as myself.
Let the church bells ring.
"Polio Pioneer"
It's not a Polio Pioneer button, but I love my pin!
Staff and volunteers at Texas Motor Speedway.
RNA saves the day!
The heavens declare the glory of God;
the skies proclaim the work of his hands.
Day after day they pour forth speech;
night after night they reveal knowledge.
Freezer Failure and a Voyage on the Good Ship Smally-pox
January 19, 2021 By JanetKRay.com in Covid-19, freezer failure, smallpox, vaccines	3 Comments
Late on a Monday morning in early January, senior staff at a hospital in Mendocino County, California were gathered for the first executive meeting of 2021, when in burst the hospital pharmacist.
Ten hours earlier, the compressor on the hospital's freezer failed.
In a perfect storm of coincidences, the alarm meant to sound in such a failure also failed.
And in a trifecta of disasters, the freezer held 830 doses of the Moderna Covid-19 vaccine.
Two hours.
Two hours was all that was left in the shelf life of 830 doses of a groundbreaking, life-saving, but temperature-finicky RNA vaccine.
Phone call number one was to Moderna, but there was no time to waste waiting on a callback.
Fifteen minutes off the clock.
The hospital shifted into local emergency mode. Two hundred vaccines to county workers, jail staff, and the fire department. Seventy doses to two elderly care centers.
One hour left.
Every available medical professional (doctors, nurses, pharmacists) was called to man four pop-up vaccination sites across the county. The news blasted out on social media and by word of mouth.
Shots were given as fast as people could present arms. Despite the inevitable excitement and confusion, crowds were polite and cooperative.
By 1:30, only forty doses remained at a church vaccination site. Seniors were called to the front of the line.
In under two hours, every dose was given. Warp speed indeed.
Finicky shelf-life is the price we are currently paying for RNA vaccines that are an astounding 90-95% effective.
The problem of vaccine supply logistics is a problem as old as vaccines themselves.
In the eighteenth century, smallpox was a dreaded plague. If you managed not to die a horrid death, you were likely horribly scarred, and often left blind.
But – conventional wisdom said that if you caught a similar, but milder disease called cowpox, you were safe from deadly smallpox. As the name implies, people who worked closely with cows (like milkmaids) often contracted cowpox. Milkmaids were known to brag that they would never be "ugly and pockmarked" after experiencing a case of cowpox.
British physician Edward Jenner put two and two together in 1796. He took a bit of fluid from a blister of a local milkmaid who currently had cowpox. (In a curiously recorded historical detail, the infecting cow was named "Blossom").
Jenner then scratched the cowpox fluid into the arm of his gardener's 8-year-old son. The boy developed a mild case of cowpox, but nothing more. Afterwards, Jenner infected the boy with smallpox, and to everyone's relief, the boy did not get sick.
Jenner's procedure became known as "vaccination", its root from the Latin word for cow – "vacca". Thank you, Blossom!
https://ainawgsd.tumblr.com/post/161518818383
Cowpox blister fluid (pus, actually) was a nineteenth century version of a vaccine storage and distribution problem. You could easily vaccinate those living near a cowpox outbreak, but cowpox blister fluid doesn't travel well.
The fluid dried up and inactivated before it could be transported across even small distances.
From the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries, smallpox decimated the western hemisphere, carried there by European conquerors and settlers.
Spanish colonies world-wide were suffering from smallpox. But cowpox fluid didn't survive a short trip, much less one across the globe.
IN 1803, a Spanish physician, Francisco Xavier de Balmis, organized a shocking expedition. Twenty-two orphaned boys, ages three to nine, were put on a ship bound for the Americas.
At the beginning of the trip, two boys were vaccinated with cowpox blister fluid. When they blistered, two more boys were vaccinated with the fluid. This process continued throughout the voyage, two by two, with the hope that at least one boy would arrive in the Americas with nice fluid-filled cowpox blisters.
The twenty-two orphan boys were a living supply chain of vaccine.
As it turns out, only one boy had a single fluid-filled cowpox blister when the expedition arrived in the Americas. Still, it was enough. The chain of vaccinations propagated from that one boy resulted in the vaccination of thousands.
The twenty-two Spanish orphans were adopted by Mexican families. In turn, twenty-six Mexican families "lent" their sons to continue carrying the vaccine to the Philippines and China.
After circling the globe to deliver vaccine, Balmis remained committed to carrying smallpox vaccine across the world.
May we be as resolute in vaccinating our modern population.
Becoming a Vaccinator: A First-Hand, Behind the Scenes Look (plus a bonus – what to expect after your vaccination)
December 5, 2020 By JanetKRay.com in Covid-19, vaccines	2 Comments
My husband was recently selected to be a vaccinator for Covid-19. Watch this space! I am excited to document the launch of a historic vaccine in his local medical practice.
It began with an application to the Texas Department of State Health Services. First the basics – are you a licensed physician in Texas? Where is your practice? What is the size of your practice?
Then more details: what kind of refrigeration and freezer equipment is on the premises? How many vials of vaccine can you accommodate? (He's requested an initial 300 doses)
Both the Moderna and the Pfizer vaccines must be transported and stored at very low temperatures. My husband was required to purchase a special device for his refrigerator, a device designed to constantly record the temperature at specific intervals. The data can then be uploaded and analyzed to insure the "cold chain" has not been broken.
He doesn't know at this point which vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer) will be shipped to him.
The final step in approval was an agreement to honor the directives:
• Do you agree not to charge patients for the vaccine?
• Do you agree to abide by priority guidelines and to honor the criteria regarding who should be vaccinated first?
Approval was granted Friday, December 4. Stay tuned!
In just a just matter of weeks, the first publicly offered vaccines will arrive across the U.S. at "warp speed".
Understand: a vaccine roll-out is not an instant, get-out-of-jail-free, burn your masks and breathe on your neighbor free-for-all.
But it's a start.
A wonderful, excellent, science-y start.
What to expect after your vaccination:
Essentially 100% of those vaccinated will have side effects following the jab. For the vast majority of us, that means pain at the injection site, a little swelling, and some redness.
A few people will have more intense side-effects, including fever, muscle pain, joint pain, headache, and fatigue. Side effects are temporary, usually lasting only a day or two.
Still, a sore arm and feeling a bit crummy for a day is a small price to pay to rein in an infection that can damage hearts and lungs and is lethal in 2% of diagnosed cases (compare to the seasonal flu at 0.1%).
Drew Weissman, an immunologist whose research contributed to both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines wants people to be informed: "This is what you need to expect. Take Tylenol and suck it up for a day."
Side effects are temporary and normal and are an indication that your immune system has shifted into high gear as it prepares to fight a future Covid-19 infection.
Redness, heat, pain, and swelling are signs of inflammation – your body's natural response to invasion or injury. Think about itchy allergy eyes, a sprained ankle, or even a splinter in your finger.
Both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines use RNA molecules with the "recipe" for one of the protein spikes on a COVID-19 virus. The RNA enters your muscle cells, and your cells use the "recipe" to churn out spike proteins – perfectly harmless proteins that cannot make you sick.
Fun fact – the spike proteins are constructed with raw materials found in your own, actual cells. The vaccine delivers the instructions, but the spike proteins are home-grown.
After the RNA recipe has been used a few times to cook up some spike proteins, the cell breaks down the RNA molecule and destroys it, Mission Impossible-style.
Your immune system learns to identify and remember the spike proteins and, in the future, will attack anything presenting the proteins (like an actual COVID-19 virus).
Inflammation is the result of this identification and learning process, thus the "side-effects" of a vaccine.
Both the Pfizer and the Moderna vaccines require a booster, given either three or four weeks after the first vaccine. Full effectiveness occurs about two weeks after the booster. What is unknown at this point is how long this immunity lasts.
On the horizon: using similar RNA therapy to trigger the body's immune response to fight cancer.
What the vaccine does not do:
RNA vaccines cannot give you Covid-19. You cannot "shed" viruses to others following vaccination with an RNA vaccine. The vaccines do not contain actual viruses, killed or weakened or in any form.
RNA vaccines do not interfere or even encounter your own DNA.
DNA is in the nucleus of the cell. Protein construction occurs outside the nucleus, in the watery cytoplasm filling the cell. The RNA molecules delivered by the vaccine stay out in the cytoplasm because that's where the raw materials needed to build the spike protein are found.
What about 20 years from now? What if the vaccine causes some future side effect? Again, an RNA molecule is very short-lived. Your cells destroy the RNA molecules shortly after they are used.
Would you like to find your place in line? Here's a link for a handy-dandy tool that lets you estimate your place in the vaccine line.
I, for instance, am in line behind 23.0 million people across the United States.
I'm behind 1.9 million in Texas.
In Denton County, I'm behind 31,800.
If the line in Texas was represented by about 100 people, I'd be standing 24th in line.
I'll see you in line!
Science Cat
Vaccine Cheat Sheet and a Thanksgiving Prayer for the Scientists
November 25, 2020 By JanetKRay.com in Covid-19, recombinant DNA drugs, vaccines	Leave a comment
Just in time for your Thanksgiving dinner (live or zoomed) or those fun holiday social media debates, I've made a little vaccine cheat sheet!
Three top vaccine contenders recently released phase three results: Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, and AstraZeneca/Oxford University.
All three studies meet the gold standard of science research: huge study groups, randomly assigned and double-blinded trials. In a double-blind trial, neither the study groups nor the people running the trial know if a volunteer receives a placebo or the actual vaccine.
All three of the first-out-of-the-gate vaccines are bioengineered. All three use genetic information to teach the immune system to attack the COVID-19 virus.
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are very similar, so we'll start with them.
Both vaccines use a molecule of RNA, coated in an oily micro-bubble.
RNA is closely related to DNA, the molecule that carries the genetic code. When our cells need to make something (like a protein), a copy of the DNA gene for that protein is made on an RNA molecule.
Think of it this way: grandma's cookbook contains all her recipes. You make a copy of one cookie recipe on a notecard and carry it back home, where you create the cookies. DNA is the cookbook; RNA is the notecard.
Both the Pfizer and the Moderna vaccines use RNA with the "recipe" for one of the protein spikes on the COVID-19 virus.
When injected, the oily micro-bubble fuses with a muscle cell. The cell uses the RNA "recipe" to make spike proteins, which are released into the body.
A spike protein alone won't make you sick, but it will teach your body to attack anything presenting the protein – like an actual COVID-19 virus.
Although RNA vaccines have been studied for years and are approved for animal use, if approved, these vaccines would be the first for human use.
Apparently, magnificently.
The Pfizer vaccine was reported to be 90% effective and the Moderna vaccine 94.5% effective.
What does that mean in actual humans?
In the Moderna study, for example, 95 of the 30,000 volunteers got sick with COVID. Of the 95 sick people, ninety people received the placebo and only five received the vaccine, giving us an effectiveness rate of 94.5%.
An especially promising bit of news is that the five who got the vaccine and also got sick experienced only minor symptoms.
Severe symptoms were only found among the 90 people who got the placebo. This finding suggests that Moderna's vaccine reduces the severity of disease in vaccinated people who still get sick.
To put a 90-95% effectiveness rate in perspective: in order for the FDA to consider a vaccine for use, it must demonstrate a 50% efficacy rate. Seasonal flu vaccines are 40-60 % effective. The measles vaccine is 97% effective.
Are They Safe?
Neither the Pfizer trial (44,000 participants) nor the Moderna trial (30,000 participants) uncovered any serious side effects. Both studies included volunteers of all ages and multiple ethnicities. But research doesn't stop there. Safety studies continue as vaccines are rolled out to the general population.
Before launching their large phase three study, Pfizer tried out four versions of their vaccine in smaller groups. Pfizer selected the version that produced the fewest cases of mild and moderate side effects, such as fever and fatigue.
Once Approved, How Will the Vaccines be Distributed?
Gus Perna is the army general in charge of "Operation Warp Speed", the plan to distribute enough vaccine for 300 million Americans in the most timely and efficient way. General Perna is an army logistics expert. (Check out Perna's "60 Minutes" interview on November 6 for the details).
A problem to be solved with both the Pfizer and the Moderna vaccines is transportation and storage.
Pfizer's vaccine needs to be really cold, stored at -112 degrees Fahrenheit. Pfizer is making special ultra-cold shipping boxes and storage containers for use until the vaccines are given. (For reference, your home freezer is 0 degrees Fahrenheit).
Moderna's vaccine is a little less finicky, requiring "only" -4 degrees Fahrenheit. Additionally, Moderna's can be stored in a regular refrigerator for 30 days after shipping.
The latest vaccine announcement comes from AstraZeneca and Oxford University.
Although the AstraZeneca vaccine is also bioengineered, it differs in delivery from the other two. The AstraZeneca vaccine uses a "vector" – a biological delivery truck – to deliver the genetic information needed to teach the immune system how to fight the actual COVID-19 virus.
The vector used is an adenovirus. This adenovirus causes colds in chimpanzees but is harmless to humans.
The adenovirus' DNA is modified to contain the code for a COVID-19 spike protein. The adenovirus given in the vaccine "infects" human cells, delivering the gene for the spike protein. The cells in turn churn out the spike protein.
And just as with the other two vaccines, the spike protein teaches your system to fight future infections by the actual virus.
Adenovirus vaccines have been studied for decades, and European regulators recently approved a Johnson & Johnson adenovirus vaccine for Ebola.
The AstraZenaca vaccine is reported to be about 70% effective. During the phase three trial, two versions were used. One version was 62% effective, one was 90% effective, for an average of 70%.
Is this enough data for AstraZeneca to ask for FDA emergency authorization? We don't know yet.
AstraZeneca's phase three trial was briefly halted due to possible reactions by two volunteers. However, the symptoms were found not to be directly related to the vaccine and the trials resumed.
That's your cheat sheet for the first three vaccines.
So, what's next?
Mark your calendars for December 10, 2020. Pfizer's vaccine is on the FDA's docket for emergency authorization consideration. If approved, get in line – healthcare workers, you're first.
Regardless of your Thanksgiving dinner plans, consider this lovely little prayer, penned by Amanda Held Opelt, sister of Rachel Held Evans:
"These vaccines represent the tireless work by scientists & researchers who have already led lives of rigorous study and discipline. Lord, for these women & men, many of whose names we may never know, we give thanks."
Happy Thanksgiving, 2020 style.
A 20th Century Medical Miracle and the Hunt for a COVID19 Vaccine
November 22, 2020 By JanetKRay.com in Banting and Best, Covid-19, GMO, recombinant DNA drugs, type 1 diabetes	2 Comments
The hospital ward had beds for as many as fifty children.
Dr. Banting and his associate quietly stepped inside. Bed after bed was occupied by a child, comatose and dying from diabetic ketoacidosis. Grieving parents sat bedside, awaiting the inevitable.
The year was 1922. Medical researchers Fredrick Banting and his assistant Charles Best had been studying type 1 diabetes for the past two years. Using dogs, Banting and Best isolated insulin and treated (induced) diabetes in the animals.
We've known about type 1 diabetes for centuries. The condition is well documented in ancient Egyptian, Hindu, and Chinese medical records. Aretaeus of Cappadocia, a second-century Greek physician, described diabetes as "the melting down of flesh and limbs into urine".
When the pancreas no longer produces insulin, people with type 1 diabetes cannot metabolize carbohydrates. Without insulin, patients waste away and suffer greatly, no matter how much they eat. The death rate for type 1 diabetes, prior to insulin therapy, was 100%.
By the nineteenth century, we realized the role of carbohydrate metabolism in diabetes. Doctors attempted to control the disease with diet – prescribing only meat or fat for suffering children. On severely calorie-restricted diets, children lost weight and were critically malnourished.
Still, instead of death in a few weeks, children might survive a year.
Encouraged by their success with dogs in the lab, Banting and Best injected an emaciated 14-year-old boy with insulin obtained from a cow in January 1922. Daily injections over the next twelve days dropped his blood sugar until it was no longer detectable in his urine.
Soon after, Banting and Best walked into the solemn and quiet ward in a Toronto hospital, filled with comatose children. Banting and Best went bed to bed and injected each child with insulin.
As they injected the last child, the first child woke up.
One by one, all the children awoke from coma.
A room filled with impending death became a place of hope.
The 1923 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Fredrick Banting and John Macleod, in whose laboratory Banting and Best worked. Banting shared his prize with Best.
The Eli Lilly Company improved the process for obtaining insulin from animals and sold the patent to the University of Toronto for $1.00.
For the next six decades, insulin for human use was obtained from the pancreases of pigs and cows, a difficult and expensive process.
Everything changed in 1982. Using new genetic technology, the gene for making insulin was snipped out of human DNA and inserted into the DNA of a bacteria. The new transgenic bacteria were cloned. Entrepreneur Bob Swanson and his partner biologist Herbert Boyer grew vats and vats of the bacterial cells, all of which churned out huge quantities of insulin.
HUMAN insulin.
For the first time, human insulin was produced in enormous quantities and made available to people with diabetes.
Human insulin was the first genetically engineered drug approved by the FDA. Today, hundreds of medical conditions are treated with recombinant DNA drugs.
Objections to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) play on fears of the unknown. All too often, biotechnology is rejected without fully understanding the underlying science.
Fear of GMO technology results in absurd nonsense like the marketing of "NON-GMO" labeled salt. Salt contains no DNA to modify.
The top five contenders in the race for a COVID-19 vaccine use genetic information to teach our immune system to fight a viral infection. Already the anti-GMO movement is joining forces with anti-vaccine groups. Already vaccines developed using biotechnology are suspect.
Drugs developed using biotechnology have saved countless lives. A new generation of bioengineered vaccines are ready to join to the fight.
November is National Diabetes Awareness month.
Thank you, Drs. Banting and Best.
And thanks to the pioneers in recombinant drug therapies.
Best and Banting
National Museum of American History – Smithsonian
Meme Busters: The Anonymous Nurse
November 7, 2020 By JanetKRay.com in Covid-19, Operation Warp Speed, vaccines	Leave a comment
They escaped from Alcatraz, exploded a toilet, drank mentos and Diet Coke at the same time, and lived to tell the tale. They even proved there was room for Jack as well as Rose on that plank of wood.
Discovery Channel's long-running MythBusters put questions, myths, and urban legends to the test. Sometimes there was truth, sometimes a bit of truth, and often the myth was busted (no, your stomach will not explode if you drink Coke and Mentos at the same time).
INTRODUCING: Science Meme Busters! I can't bust them all, but I'll be on the lookout for the good ones!
Memes make the rounds on social media, especially science memes. Sometimes photos with clever captions, sometimes cut-and-paste stories that begin with "I copied this from someone else" or "copied and shared from a friend".
Making the rounds lately are the thoughts of an anonymous "ER nurse" regarding "diverse opinions" about Covid-19.
So much to bust in this meme, but for now, I'll focus here:
Anyone out there who can tell me what our end game is with the covid19? . . . Is it a vaccine? . . .It took 25 years for a chicken pox vaccine to be developed." "Do you really think people will flock to get a fast tracked, quickly tested vaccine, whose long term side effects and overall efficacy are anyone's best guess?
Vaccines train our immune system to recognize and fight invading pathogens. Before the 20th century, this could be an effective but often dangerous practice.
For centuries, doctors rubbed scabs from smallpox victims into a scratch on the arm of a healthy person, a process called "variolation". A single smallpox blister would form, heal, and the variolated person was immune to smallpox . . . hopefully.
Sometimes the variolated person developed smallpox. Two percent of variolated people died. Still, two percent is a far cry from the 30% death rate from natural smallpox infection.
Weighing the risks, many opted for smallpox variolation when it was available. George Washington ordered the variolation of his troops at the height of the American Revolution.
No one knew why variolation (sometimes) worked. But by the 20th century, we knew about viruses and we fixed our attention on them.
We looked for a safer way to train the immune system using vaccines containing inactivated or weakened viruses.
When vaccines for diseases like measles, mumps, and chickenpox were developed, researchers weakened viruses by systematically growing them in a variety of cultures. Viruses were forced to grow for hundreds of generations in a hodgepodge of human and animal cells. As the viruses adapted to ever-changing environments, they became less dangerous to humans.
As you can image, it was time-consuming to grow strains of disabled viruses. Following the creation of a disabled strain, vaccines were developed, then tested – all time-consuming processes.
We aren't starting from scratch with Covid19. This is the 21st century and we aren't just figuring out this whole vaccine thing.
In 2020, we have more technology in our arsenal. In our age of modern genetics, the five top candidates for a Covid19 vaccine use information to teach our immune system, not the actual Covid19 virus.
Two of the top contenders use a copy of a gene that makes one of the protein spikes on the corona virus. The vaccine delivers the genetic instructions, and the body responds by using the instructions to make the spike protein.
The spike protein alone won't make you sick. BUT – the presence of the protein teaches your immune system to recognize and destroy anything presenting the protein – including an entire Covid19 virus.
wiki commons
The remaining top contenders use other versions of delivering genetic instructions for a single Covid19 protein.
Instead of months (and more) of transferring viruses from culture to culture, the genetic code for a protein can be read almost immediately.
We can make an experimental batch of vaccine in a week.
The mysterious and anonymous "nurse" in this meme cites the years needed to develop the chickenpox vaccine and worries about the "fast-tracking" of a Covid19 vaccine. Should we fear a vaccine developed under a program termed "Operation Warp Speed"?
The unprecedented speed of a Covid19 vaccine is not due to fast-tracking and corner-cutting in safety and effectiveness testing.
The "speed" refers to the manufacturing process. While all the long phases of safety trials are occurring, the most promising vaccines are being manufactured on an industrial scale. Usually, vaccines aren't manufactured until after the trials.
In order to speed things up, doses of the promising vaccines are already being made. If all of the phase trials show a vaccine to be safe and effective, we won't have to wait months to manufacture it.
On the other hand, we are possibly manufacturing doses that will never be used.
The risk in Operation Warp Speed is financial, not safety.
Conclusion: Meme Busted!
The 2nd place winner at Mark's office Halloween party (she was robbed I say!). Her cute red "spikes" aren't so scary.
October 15, 2020 By JanetKRay.com in CRISPR, Doudna and Charpentier, Rosalind Franklin	Leave a comment
It might be the most egregious slight in modern science.
By the early 1950s, we knew that whatever it was that parents passed along to their offspring was locked inside a mysterious chemical called DNA. The race was on to discover the structure of the DNA molecule.
At Cambridge University, James Watson and Francis Crick were leading the pack. Trying (and failing) to build a model of a DNA molecule, Watson and Crick were close, but not yet successful.
Nearby at Kings College London was the laboratory of Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin. Wilkins and Franklin were using x-ray photography to look at images of DNA molecules. Rosalind Franklin produced a particularly stunning photo of DNA, known as "Photograph 51".
Photograph 51, called the "most important photo ever taken", provided groundbreaking insights into DNA and modern genetics.
Without her knowledge or consent, Maurice Wilkins showed Rosalind Franklin's "Photograph 51" to James Watson. Watson later recalled that when he saw the photo, "my mouth fell open and my pulse began to race."
Franklin's physical image of DNA was the final piece of the puzzle. The now famous double-stranded twisted ladder shape of DNA was deciphered, thanks to Franklin's photo and Watson and Crick's mathematics.
The discovery of the structure of DNA opened the door to modern genetics. Medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology leapt forward, and the 21st century is set to be the century of genetics.
In 1962, the Nobel Prize for Medicine/Physiology was awarded to James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins.
In a slight still debated to this day, Rosalind Franklin was not included.
The Nobel committee only awards the prize to living recipients, and Rosalind Franklin died four years earlier of ovarian cancer, at the age of 37.
Between 1901 and 2020, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to only seven women, and never to more than one at a time.
For the first time in history, the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by two women, Jennifer Doudna (U.C. Berkeley) and Emmanuelle Charpentier (Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Berlin).
Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier
Doudna and Charpentier were intrigued by an ancient immune response in bacteria. When a virus infects certain bacteria, the bacteria react by chopping up the DNA of the invading virus. The bacteria keep pieces of the chopped up viral DNA and incorporate it into their own DNA, kind of like a genetic "mugshot" of the invader. If the virus attacks again, the bacteria send chemical "scissors" to cut up the viral DNA at the precise location of the "mugshot" DNA.
This bacterial immune response is named for the viral mugshots: CRISPR (pronounced like the drawer in the fridge where you store your vegetables).
Doudna and Charpentier retooled CRISPR and used it to edit DNA in living cells with incredible precision and accuracy.
Already their discovery has impacted plant breeding and agriculture. Probably most exciting, however, are the possibilities for treating genetic diseases.
Meet Victoria Gray.
Victoria, a wife and mom of three, was born with sickle cell disease, a devastating genetic disorder. One single mutation in the DNA of people with sickle cell disease turns their red blood cells into deformed, sickle-shaped cells. The misshapen cells get stuck in blood vessels, resulting in damaged organs, debilitating pain, and often premature death.
The gene that causes sickle cell disease produces a defective form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen. There is another kind of hemoglobin made by babies before birth called "fetal hemoglobin". After a baby is born, a gene called BCL11A turns on. BCL11A tells blood cells to stop making fetal hemoglobin and start making adult hemoglobin. In people like Victoria with sickle cell disease, adult hemoglobin is defective.
One year ago, doctors removed cells from Victoria's bone marrow. Using CRISPR technology, the BCL11A gene was cut out, restoring production of fetal hemoglobin.
As of June 2020, 46% of the hemoglobin in Victoria's system is fetal hemoglobin, enough to significantly reduce her pain and hospitalizations.
The doctor in charge of Victoria's treatment had this to say: "She is functioning as somebody who does not have sickle cell disease. I believe this is absolutely, totally transformative therapy."
CRISPR therapy holds promise for other genetic diseases, including beta thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, and some cancers.
"It's a blessing," Victoria said. "It gave me hope when I was losing it. So I feel joy, you know, knowing that there is hope."
Congratulations to Drs. Doudna and Charpentier for the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
I think Rosalind would be proud.
Here I am with an actual model built by Watson and Crick (The Science Museum, London)
September 28, 2020 By JanetKRay.com in Anthony Fauci, BioLogos, corona, Covid, Francis Collins, Michael Zimmerman, vaccine denial	2 Comments
It was a typical birthday party for a ten-year-old boy – balloons, cake, rambunctious kids. Oh, and party favors, too!
But this was not your usual grab bag of gum and cheap toys.
The loot bags also contained a British five-pound note, worth about $10.00 at the time. There was one small catch…
In order to get the party-prize, each little guest had to let the birthday boy's dad draw a blood sample.
Later, Dad laughingly recounted the hilariousness of the situation: "I lined them up and they stuck out their arms. Kids were fainting. One kid threw up all over his mother. It was just your standard 10-year-old's birthday."
And you thought bounce houses got out of control.
Dr. Andrew Wakefield used the blood samples he collected at his son's birthday party in one of the most notorious medical studies in modern times. Wakefield's study, published in the prestigious British medical journal Lancet, triggered a decades-long collapse of public confidence in one of the most significant medical advances in human history: vaccination.
In his 1998 article, Wakefield claimed that in eight children, the onset of autism followed immunization with the MMR vaccine. Researchers all over the world tried to replicate his results, but no one could.
Still, vaccination rates plummeted in the UK and in the United States.
The thing is . . . Wakefield made it all up.
The birthday party was just the beginning. In addition to an uncontrolled study with sketchy "volunteer" recruitment, he fabricated data. Before the Lancet article was published, Wakefield filed a patent for his own version of the MMR. Wakefield was also being paid for his "expert" testimony in a lawsuit against vaccine manufacturers.
Twelve years after publication, the Lancet retracted the article and Wakefield lost his medical license. Decades of world-wide research and tens of thousands of cases demonstrate no link between autism and vaccination.
Unrepentant, Wakefield continues to travel and speak to anti-vaccine groups. Despite the loss of a "measles-free" status in the UK and multiple measles outbreaks in the United States, groups continue to pay Wakefield thousands of dollars for his "expertise". To celebrities and everyday moms and dads who do not want to "poison" their children, Wakefield is a martyr.
Unfortunately, the science behind vaccine safety is lost on those with an anti-vaccination mindset. Research shows that exposure to science evidence reenforces anti-vaccination perceptions of parents. Emotions trump evidence.
Welcome to 2020, and welcome to the flip side of the anti-vaccination coin.
As the world awaits the release of one of several Covid-19 vaccines now in phase-3 trials, opposition to the vaccine is rising, and from a very surprising precinct. Anti-Covid-19 vaccine voices are getting louder, and one in particular caught the attention of NIH director Francis Collins.
Michael Zimmerman is a biologist and the founder of the Clergy Letter Project, an effort demonstrating that religion and science are not in conflict. Zimmerman begins his essay by citing his Ph.D. in biology, his opposition to the pseudo-science of vaccine denial, and his generalized rejection of conspiracy theories.
Yet, Zimmerman declares his opposition to a Covid-19 vaccine – at least for the next three months.
Zimmerman and other newly-minted antivaxxers do not trust the current administration. Zimmerman fears the anti-science dogma touted by the Trump administration. Zimmerman and others fear political pressure on the CDC and the FDA will result in the release of a risky vaccine.
Collins, in his public response to Zimmerman, is direct and uncharacteristically blunt.
Shouldn't you reserve judgement until you see the data? Collins asks.
The vaccine approval process is transparent and is overseen by respected life-long scientists like Collins and Anthony Fauci. And unlike "America's Frontline Doctors'" claims in their fifteen minutes of summer fame, legitimate science studies are transparent and published for critical review.
In response to Collins' hope for a Covid-19 vaccine by the end of 2020, Zimmerman writes this:
"I hope your prediction is off by a month and that approval doesn't occur until after 20 January 2021 with a new administration in place."
To which Collins replied:
"Be careful that you don't end up hoping and praying for the vaccine to arrive after January 20 — when an earlier scientifically rigorous result would have potentially saved many lives."
To those who are usually on Team Science but find themselves rooting against a Covid-19 vaccine: trust the process. If you don't trust Trump, fine. Trust Francis Collins and Anthony Fauci, two scientists with decades of stellar public health service and a history of withstanding political pressure from both parties.
Recently, Fauci publicly took the CDC to task for an announcement made while he was under general anesthesia. Fauci lost no time in setting the record straight with his disapproval. And last week, Fauci scolded Senator Rand Paul in a congressional hearing for his repeated misrepresentations of Covid-19 evidence.
Traditional anti-vaxxers and Covid-19 anti-vaxxers are two sides of the same coin. At their core, both groups mistrust science. Both groups are influenced by deeply held, emotional beliefs.
Both traditional anti-vaxxers and Covid-19 anti-vaxxers threaten public health and the goal of herd immunity.
On September 25, 2020, Francis Collins was awarded the Templeton Prize for a lifetime of demonstrating harmony between modern science and faith. In his acceptance speech, Collins encourages us to return to our calling to love one another – both friends and enemies.
Loving our neighbor as ourselves means loving all our neighbors: our immunocompromised neighbors, our elderly neighbors, our newborn neighbors, our medically fragile neighbors, our neighbors undergoing chemotherapy.
If you are medically able to be vaccinated, you are practicing love in a very real, very practical way.
(Read the correspondence between Francis Collins and Michael Zimmerman here)


We're taking a break from Gloves I've Loved. We will be revisiting it in a few weeks, because there's a chance I could be reunited with an actual, real-life pair of my second-favorite glove ever, the Uhlsport 023. For now, though, let's enjoy some chromatic catastrophies from the 1990s, the decade where, regarding goalkeeper jerseys, taste went to die. These are in no particular order, and I'm only including mass-produced jerseys, so don't expect to see Jorge Campos's handmade neon nightmares.
Hi, I'm Edwin Van der Sar, two-time winner of the Champions League. Do you like my jersey? No? Well, what about my haircut?
If Flock of Seagulls had a goalkeeper, this is what he would look like.
David Seaman exults. "We've won! I can take this off now!"
Tim Flowers, you've reached the pinnacle of your profession. Congratulations, now go put this on.
Those are pretty 'loud.' Remember what we were on the cutting edge with a yellow jersey? Had to send away to NY or Cali for those babies!!!
Marino, by any chance do you remember the name of the place we ordered gloves and jerseys from? I remember it was some place that advertised in Soccer Corner magazine, but I can't remember the name.
i had the jersey and shorts tim flowers was wearing in that pic. loved them to bits , hated taking it off!


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Different Realities: The Mixed Reality Workshop
June 4, 2018 April 2, 2020 / By Siya Masuku / Reviews
The sun soothes the back of my neck. It's early winter, but still a warm Saturday afternoon as I arrive at Keyes Art Mile in Rosebank. A live band produces mellow acoustic covers. Photographers capture moments. The table by the entrance is swollen with fresh buns, doughnuts and cakes. Coffee fragrances cast themselves across the room, pulling heads like a lasso.
At the end of the building is my destination. The closer I get to it, the softer the chatter and laughter becomes. The music is trapped by the distant ambience. The invisible coffee bean lasso appears to retreat. I am sucked into a different environment, where time and space becomes meaningless.
The Mixed Reality Workshop (TMRW) is an independent platform for artists and art audiences to access technology through a curated programme of exhibitions, talks, performances, residencies and participatory events. Ann Roberts, the director, describes its mixed premise as 'sometimes it's a workshop, sometimes a gallery.'
As I enter the gallery, a digital display stretches from floor to ceiling, while people queue up for a turn to experience the shores of Accra through VR headsets.
A gallery assistant aims an iPad at a painting by Mongezi Ncaphayi on the wall. suddenly, lively squiggles and patterns seem to jump up off the paintings and dance on the tablet display. Mesmerized by the abstract shapes and lines which now seem to have occupied the space we're in, we're joined by Brooklyn J. Phakathi, the workshop manager.
Phakathi then suggests we follow him just outside the studio to view invisible sculptures, courtesy of The Centre for the Less Good Idea: Season 2, using augmented reality. These include the works of Deborah Bell, Fred Clarke and William Kentridge. Like revealing a magic trick, he places the tablet in mid-air, a 3D sculpture appears. I look behind the tablet to satisfy my realisation that this is just another separate reality.
These works have been designed to be augmented without the use of a 'trigger'. The Ncaphayi work is 'trigger-based,' where the app attaches itself to the artwork on the walls to give birth to new colours and marks programmed to 'come into our space'.
The 'triggerlessness,' on the other hand, means that the artworks may be viewed anywhere – at one's home or out in a public area. It's a strange feeling walking into or through the augmented 3D sculptures. It's like tricking the mind to feel certain senses which are not actually there. I feel lightheaded. I keep searching for more sculptures across the floor. The feeling eventually diminishes and loses meaning. Perhaps my brain catches on and decides not to play along anymore.
'What creates the illusion is digital noise on the floor,' says Phakathi. The digital noise he's referring to is any form of texture on the floor. In other words, the augmentation wouldn't take place on a plain white surface.
We take the back way to the upper level of the building and the principle remains the same. The same sculptures appear; however, they are now reimagined in a different environment.
To demonstrate the principles, Roberts arranges a meeting with Rick Treweek and Gary Steele at The Digital Foundry. Standing outside their studios, the walls are almost five metres tall. Security grants me access through a back entrance and I'm plunged into a world of robots, 3D printers and sculptures, VR headsets, controllers and a HoloLens.
'Here, grab these,' says Treweek, sliding one control through my right four fingers, demonstrating by pressing the button under my curled index finger. Virtual clay oozes out in front of me. On the left controller, by pressing and holding with my thumb, I can grab the model and flip it. It is this continuous left and right interaction of the limbs that comes as intuitively as doodling on a tennis ball.
With the VR headset on, I could stand in any direction. I could turn around, look up or down and start drawing. In front of me are my two virtual hands cut at the wrist. They seem to float. I move them and they respond in real time. I click on the right control, as if pulling a trigger on a toy gun and silver goo oozes out. I could walk in and out of my creation – inspecting it from any angle. I could draw as much as I want without running out of virtual clay, paint or ink, as long as my machine's memory can handle it, the possibilities seem endless.
"Where will this sort of technology be in five years?" I say rhetorically.
"Five months, bru…" laughs Steele.
The way I see it, creating with Virtual Reality it is an extension of what we can already do with conventional means. I am still working in a 3D space, only without the smell of paint. I have all the traditional artists' tools at my disposal, however these never run out. I could make a drawing and have it displayed in an augmented environment, perhaps have it printed in 3D, or just to have the feeling of existing within a virtual environment for the sheer experience – nothing more.
Roberts points out that for contemporary artists, the technology now exists as a tool. It is something any artist can use. Creative and technological innovation go hand in hand and encounters between artists and a team of creative technologists will allow for significant innovation within the realms of activity.
Something to look forward to is TMRW and The Digital Foundry working closely with Mary Sibande to give us a totally different experience of her work this June. The process would include photogrammetry and scanning, 3D printing, projections and other interactivities to create a digital twin of Sibande.
I take the exit and I am plunged back to where I started. Edging closer to the soft chatters and laughter and music. The invisible coffee bean lasso beckons. Our perception of time and space is warped. Apart from the cappuccinos, we get to take home the question: Where is reality?
Siya Masuku
A recipient of the David Koloane Arts Writing Award (2017), Siya has written reviews on arts and has authored and self-published graphic novels, uNjabulo: emkhathini (2018), uLanga (2019) and KwaNhliziyo-Ngise (2019).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this book, Alexis Ferrand, a specialist in the analysis of social networks, mobilizes this equipment conceptual and methodological approach to study the networks of confidence about sexuality. He has conducted work involving the structural analysis, but with a better understanding of the dynamic and cognitive networks as implemented by the mainstream of the analysis of the networks : the current popularity of anglo-saxon origin considers that the relations constitute a variable sociological explanatory and therefore, have specific effects. Alexis Ferrand showed, on the contrary, from the formation of groups of adolescents, as networks are dynamic entities that can potentially extend to infinity. The purpose for which it mobilizes this concept is not theoretical but meaningful, since it is aware of the behaviors of individuals.


text:
Phillip Glen Van Dyke (ur. 13 czerwca 1984 w San Francisco) – amerykański aktor filmowy, telewizyjny i głosowy, były aktor dziecięcy.

Wybrana filmografia
 1994: Fantastyczna Czwórka (film niewydany) jako młody Johnny Storm
 1996: Sliders jako młody Quinn Mallory
 1998: Miasteczko Halloween jako Luke
 1999: Bartok wspaniały jako książę Iwan (głos)
 2001: Miasteczko Halloween II: Zemsta Kalabara jako Luke
 2001: Szał na Amandę jako on sam
 2003: Kochane kłopoty jako młody Christopher Hayden
 2003: Nowojorscy gliniarze jako Adam Wilentz

Linki zewnętrzne

Urodzeni w 1984
Amerykańscy aktorzy filmowi
Amerykańscy aktorzy telewizyjni
Amerykańscy aktorzy głosowi
Amerykańscy aktorzy dziecięcy
Ludzie urodzeni w San Francisco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Angular material, md-grid-tile Can someone help me to make this look a little bit better.

I have three columns and in the first one I need to put some subtitles and underneath them three rows.In the other two rows I want to add some data but it needs to be aligned with the rows. So for example I have "Well defined Mass" and
underneath it I have "Undetected", "Misinterpreted" and then I have "Total". In the middle column I mo going to add the data but it needs to be aligned with "Undetected", "Misinterpreted" and "Total". Where Well defined mass is needs to be empty.

<md-toolbar layout-align="center center">
    False Negative Responses
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        <md-grid-tile>
Radiographic Feature Type
</md-grid-tile>
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You: Mean % Missed Feature
</md-grid-tile>
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ALL PARTICIPANTS: % Missed Feature
</md-grid-tile>

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Well defined mass

Undetected

Misinterpreted

Total

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This is my code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The rest of Overland 193 online
4.Dec.08
The remainder of Overland 193 is now available online.
In '"Eyewitness" in a slouch hat', Kevin Foster explores the woeful media coverage of the war in Afghanistan:
If, in December 2007, Richard Tanter could question, 'Why are we in Afghanistan?', it seems more pertinent now to ask, what's happening there and why do we know so little about it? Not a single Australian correspondent is based there. As such, the news we get from Afghanistan, 'almost every picture and video of Australian troops, every audio "grab" and almost every quote from a digger comes from ADF [Australian Defence Forces] "public affairs and imagery specialists"'. These are soldiers 'trained to use cameras and write press releases'.
In 'Murderous exhibitions', Michael Winkler examines the role of violence in sport:
The enjoyment of violence is an inextricable part of being an animal – but only one part. The will to do violence, and the passive willingness to see violence done, rubs against another function of our animalism: that we are extremely social. Consequently the sporting sphere is not untrammelled but ritualised and obsessively rule-laden. This is the nexus between the individual desire to prevail over everyone else and the need to live in society. You cannot prevail outside society (you cannot win a sporting contest if you are not allowed to participate in that contest) so there is a tension between wanting to win via violence and using social instinct to govern the expression of that violence.
In the 'Last Fanzine', Andrew Ramadge traces the career of Louise Dickinson, editor of the legendary zine Lemon:
For a time in the early 1990s, Dickinson was at the forefront of underground music journalism in Australia. She urged friends and readers of Lemon to create their own zines and, in a story told by one author, walked around town with new writers making sure that they didn't wimp out from placing their work in local record stores. Other zines such as TMT, The Skills Of Defensive Driving and Underworldnamed her as an inspiration in their opening pages and published 'Louise updates' below each issue's editorial, informing readers of what Dickinson was working on and when the next Lemon would be released.
In 'Death of the Father', Sandy Jeffs describes her descent into madness:
I failed the sanity test. My fatal flaw was to say I was the Prime Minister of Australia. (This is a cautionary tale, in case someone ever asks you.) I was taken by ambulance to Larundel, my mind in a haze of delusional ecstasy in which I was not only the leader of the country but also the Virgin Mary. The logic that they were different genders, let alone people, did not seem to bother me. Yet, all the while, I was persecuted by the voices: You stupid cow. You piece of shit. Don't tell them we are here. Don't tell them about our secret. You are the leader of the world's people. Go to Uluru and sacrifice yourself. Bob Hawke wants to exterminate you!
In 'The Disappearance of Desire', Tanya Serisier and Mark Pendleton argue that the Left needs a fundamentally different approach to sexual politics:
While we may live in a society where 'sex' is everywhere, there is a clear poverty of imagination as to what sex is and could be. We can easily understand why the Right would not want to have a discussion about sexual alternatives. But the Left's abandonment of that discussion leaves us unable to respond to controversies like the Henson debate or the banning of Ken Park in ways that don't simply replicate the Right's terminology and politics. The confusion around questions of 'art' and censorship masks a deeper inability to contest the social politics of sex.
Finally, Susan Lever responds to the debate between Ken Gelder and Peter Craven:
The Craven/Gelder debate led me to reflect on aspects of Australian contemporary writing that I have touched on in a chapter for the Cambridge History of Australian Literature (edited by Peter Pierce), due for publication late next year. One is what I regard as a peculiar tradition of Australian fiction: the dominance of an eccentric, wayward, sometimes aggressive, sometimes satirical voice. It is evident in the novels of Xavier Herbert, in the late work of Patrick White, in all of David Ireland, Peter Mathers, David Foster, Murray Bail, even in Gerald Murnane. It's the voice of Carey's Illywhacker, of Les Murray's Fredy Neptune, of Thea Astley's ranting narrators. It's the voice of Jack Hibberd's Monk O'Neill in A Stretch of the Imagination.


text:
Zumberg ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Feuchtwangen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Südlich des Dorfes fließt der Legerbach, der eine Kette von Weihern speist und in Heilbronn als linker Zufluss in den Aichabach (im Unterlauf Schönbach genannt) mündet, der wiederum ein linker Zufluss der Sulzach ist. 0,5 km nordöstlich liegt das Mühlfeld, 0,75 km östlich die Stockäcker. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Heilbronn zur Staatsstraße 2222 (1 km südwestlich) bzw. am Wiegelshof vorbei nach Oberahorn (2,2 km nordöstlich).

Geschichte
Der Ortsname leitet sich von der Kapelle "Maria zum Berg" ab, die einstmals dort stand. Am 2. Juni 1409 vertauschte das Feuchtwanger Stift sein dortiges Gut gegen zwei Güter in Unterahorn, die dem Dinkelsbühler Bürger Heinz Jakob gehörten.

Zumberg lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. Im Jahr 1732 bestand der Ort aus 15 Anwesen, 1 Hirtenhaus und 1 öden Kapelle. Grundherren waren feuchtwangische Ämter (15 Anwesen; Stiftsverwalteramt Feuchtwangen: 3 Halbhöflein, 2 Gütlein; Stadtvogteiamt Feuchtwangen: 1 Halbhof, 2 Gütlein; Klosterverwalteramt Sulz: 1 Gütlein; Vogtamt Schopfloch: 1 Hof, 1 Halbhof, 2 Gütlein), das Spital der Reichsstadt Dinkelsbühl (1 Gütlein) und das Rittergut Thürnhofen (1 Gütlein). Von 1797 bis 1808 gehörte der Ort zum Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen. Die Zahl der Anwesen blieb unverändert.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jh.) wurde Zumberg dem Steuerdistrikt und der Ruralgemeinde Heilbronn zugeordnet. Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde Zumberg am 1. Januar 1972 nach Feuchtwangen eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Literatur

Weblinks
 Zumberg auf der Website geschichte-feuchtwangen.de

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Geographie (Feuchtwangen)
Dorf


All information and illustrations are based on data available at the time of publication and subject to change without notice. Contact your local Kia dealer for current information. Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG Inc. Not all mobile phones will be compatible with vehicle's Bluetooth® system. †Apple CarPlay™ connectivity requires compatible iOS device. See apple.com.au for more details. Apple CarPlay™ is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. ‡Android Auto™ connectivity requires compatible Android device. See android.com/intl/en_au/ for more details. Android Auto™ is a registered trademark of Google Inc.
** KIA RIO S AUTO ** ** Multi Franchise Dealership with Massive Buying Power *** With over 200 vehicles in stock, your sure to find what your looking for. * 7 YEAR WARRANTY , 7 YEARS CAPPED SERVICING AND 7 YEARS ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE . Located in the South Eastern suburbs just minutes from the monash freeway At our dealership we offer the following services ; FREE COURTESY CAR FREE PICK UP AND DROP FOR LOCAL AREA NEW CAR DELIVERIES AVAILABLE TO LOCAL AND COUNTRY AREA'S UPON REQUEST LARGE NETWORK OF WHOLESALERS FOR THE BEST PRICE ON YOUR TRADE IN If you have any further questions on this car or price , feel free to enquire and one of our friendly sales staff will assist you with your enquiry.
For full terms and conditions, visit www.kia.com.au Kia Motors Australia ABN 97110 483 353 Locked Bag 2207, North Ryde BC NSW 1670. Specifications apply to 2018 model year Rio. Kia Motors Australia reserves the right to discontinue or change the models, features, specifications, options, designs and prices of products referred to in this sheet without incurring any liability whatsoever to any purchaser or prospective purchaser of any such products. Some of the items herein are optional at additional cost. Consult your Kia dealer for the latest information on models, specifications, features, prices, options and availability. iPod® is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. #Apple CarPlay™ connectivity requires compatible iOS device. See apple. com.au for more details. Android Auto™ connectivity requires compatible Android device. See android.com/intl/en_au/ for more details. Apple CarPlay™ is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. Android Auto is a registered trademark of Google Inc. Bluetooth® is a registered trademark of Bluetooth SIG. ‡Not all mobile phones will be compatible with the vehicle's Bluetooth® system. *Fuel consumption figures are based on ADR81/02 test results. They are useful in comparing the fuel consumption of different vehicles. They may not be the fuel consumption achieved in practice. This will depend on traffic and road conditions and how the vehicle is driven. **E10 Compatible. ^Subject to State regulations and towbar design. 1MPI – Multi-Point Injection. 2D-CVVT – Dual Continuous Variable Valve Timing. 3MDPS – Motor-Driven Power Steering. 4EBD – Electronic Brake Distribution. 5BA – Brake Assist. 6TCS – Traction Control System.


text:
NFL Standings 2012, Week 7: Raiders move up as three AFC West teams don't play
Oakland's win over the Jacksonville Jaguars pushed them over the Kansas City Chiefs as three of the teams in the AFC West did not play in Week 7.
By UZ@uzworm Oct 22, 2012, 7:22am MDT
Share All sharing options for: NFL Standings 2012, Week 7: Raiders move up as three AFC West teams don't play
Week 7 of the NFL was a quiet one for the AFC West. Following last week's big match between the San Diego Chargers and Denver Broncos, both of them, along with the Kansas City Chiefs, had their bye week. Denver and San Diego, following the Broncos win, were guaranteed to be tied at the top of the division no matter what the Raiders did in Week 7 against the Jacksonville Jaguars.
The Raiders did manage to gain some ground, though. Their 26-23 overtime victory was enough to push them over the Chiefs, instead of leaving them at the bottom of the division in a tie between 1-5 teams. They are third in the standings entering Week 8.
Oakland will take on Kansas City in an AFC West match as both teams attempt to gain ground next week. Meanwhile, the Broncos will face the New Orleans Saints while the Chargers take on the Cleveland Browns.
Here are the full standings for the AFC West following Week 7 action.
Denver Broncos 3-3
San Diego Chargers 3-3
Oakland Raiders 2-4
Kansas City Chiefs 1-5


It is said that 'only a woman can make a house a home.' Interior design is the design makes a house pleasurable to live and draws on aspects of environmental psychology, architecture, product design and furniture design, in addition to traditional decoration and wall paint and artistic articles.
The important part of designing a house include things like concept or theme, color, proportion, balance and function of design. Although all interior designers are different, they are all an essential part of the look and feel of a house or a room in general. Designers integrate the above seven elements of design to generate a particular experience that the house imparts.
The first and foremost in house design is the theme of the design. Some individuals may prefer a modern theme, some a traditional one, some a natural one and some others an artistic one. According to the theme that the occupant decides on, the color, the furniture, the accessories and the fabric that is used in the house will differ. Furniture selection and the placement of furniture plays an important part in house designing. If the furniture is not placed in coordination with the walls and spaces, there is a chance that the house will look cramped. The material of the furniture must also compliment the theme and the spatial statistics. Accessories for the house can range from wall paintings to show pieces to draperies, blinds and curtains.
The design of a house can really affect the way a family feels, moods and emotions. Hence, people spend enormous amounts of money in the interior designing of their houses.
Next Entry: How to Generate Ideas for Your Bedroom Design?
Next Entry How to Generate Ideas for Your Bedroom Design?


text:
Home4k Blu-rayNew Blu-ray & 4k Blu-ray Releases, Jan. 3, 2023
4k Blu-rayBlu-ray DiscFeatured
New Blu-ray & 4k Blu-ray Releases, Jan. 3, 2023
It's the first batch of 4k Blu-ray and Blu-ray releases for 2023! Let's start off with Black Adam arriving in several 4k Blu-ray and Blu-ray editions including a Best Buy SteelBook, Target exclusive, and Funko Pop exclusive from Walmart (see details). Armageddon Time starring Anne Hathaway, Jeremy Strong, & Anthony Hopkins releases in a Blu-ray/DVD/Digital Combo from Focus Features/SDS. And, Star Trek: Prodigy – Season One (Episodes 1-10) arrives in a 2-disc Blu-ray edition from Paramount Home Media. See more releases below with links to Amazon.
New Blu-ray & 4k Blu-ray, Jan. 3, 2023
Black Adam (2022) – 4k Blu-ray/Blu-ray/Digital
Black Adam (2022) – 4k SteelBook Best Buy Exclusive
Prey for the Devil (2022) – 4k Blu-ray/Blu-ray/Digital
Armageddon Time (2022) – Blu-ray/DVD/Digital
Black Adam (2022) – Blu-ray/DVD/Digital
Elizabeth Windsor (2022)
Prey for the Devil (2022) – Blu-ray/DVD/Digital
Sabikui Bisco: The Complete Season
Sasaki and Miyano: The Complete Season
Star Trek: Prodigy: Season 1 – (Episodes 1-10) 2-disc edition
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988) – Criterion Collection
In case you missed it, here are last week's new Blu-ray and 4k Blu-ray releases.
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Fads come and go, but few were as popular as the original pet rock of the 1970s. It seems an impossible concept that a rock would cause such a stir since it really was just a plain rock. The fact that it made its inventor a multi millionaire in just 6 months boggles the mind. Since then, copycats exist, but the original pet rock's history and its extraordinary marketing campaign remain one of the most successful fads ever.
Gary Dahl, an ad executive discussed his idea of a pet that was easy to care for with his friends in 1975, suggesting the idea of a "pet rock." As you may guess, most were not particularly enthusiastic about the idea. However, one person liked the concept, and developed what became one of the best marketing strategies of all time. Little did either know just how well this strategy was going to work with the public, or the explosive potential an ordinary rock was about to bring.
Packaging and a "trainers" manual played a big part in the pet rock's success. It sold in a cardboard pet carrier and was placed on top of a straw nest inside. The manual connected with the consumer's humorous side by showing how to teach his new unusual pet how to do things like sit and play dead. This poked the buyer's funny bone since after all it was a rock; all it did was just sit there, anyway. People were so taken with their pet rocks; they named them and petted them like live pets.
According to the book "More Invention Mysteries" by Paul Niemann and Kevin Cordtz, the pet rock made its debut at the 1975 San Francisco gift show. Orders began immediately because of previous media exposure. For example, pet rock articles ran in Newsweek magazine and in daily papers in Florida. In addition, the pet rock along with its first owner Dahl appeared on the Johnny Carson show. Some speculate that he really did not need to pay for much advertising because of the media exposure. Dahl obtained multimillionaire status in 6 months, resulting from obvious mega sales of pet rocks, since his profit per rock was only $1.05.
By the 5th month in that 6-month period, the pet rock's popularity began to fall. Early 1976 brought the end of the fad. However, even though the original pet rock has faded, the theme has had sporadic mild success. For example, one can occasionally buy copycat versions based on the overall idea of a pet rock, but they are not the real pet rock. Furthermore, many crafters enjoy making homemade versions from rocks found in their own areas.
Dahl called his company Rock Bottom Productions. He used grey stones he found on Rosarito Beach in Baja, Mexico. His pet rocks, just common beach stones, sold for $3.95 each.


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Q: using a batch file, how can i delete all files not in the windows dir? i have a litle project for which i would like to remove all files outside of and not needed by the c:\windows operating system. therefore i need to create a list of what i want to keep i.e. boot.ini c:\windows etc and then delete everything else. i have seen examples using forFile, but i can be sure that extension will be on the machine. does anyone have any ideas how i can create the exclude list and then do the delete?

A: Here's a quick stab at a list of top level folders you should not touch:
$Recycle.Bin
Documents and Settings [C:\Users]
inetpub
MSOCache
Program Files
Program Files (x86)
ProgramData
Recovery
System Volume Information
Users
Windows

On XP Documents and Settings is a folder, on Vista and 7 it's a link to the Users folder.
MSOCache is safe to delete as well. However, a lot of installer packages are cached there and used for various MS products updates/repairs. As such, I'd actually recommend keeping it.
Program Files (x86) is the redirected Program Files for 32-bit apps on 64-bit OS installs. However, I've seen applications that install in this folder instead of Program Files even on 32-bit OSes, so I'd advise on keeping it and manually inspecting its content to make a decision if it should be gone.
Update: There's no reliable way to list the OS files only. The list can vary widely between OS version, SKU, architecture, OS features installed, hardware drivers, OS updates and installed applications.

A: Don't forget to backup whichever method you implement.
:: you can define parameters so it know not include the folders you don't want and check it like so
IF "%2" == ""
IF "%1" == "RunMyBatchFile" ^

FOR %%i IN (""%filter%) ^  ::directory name goes in here that you want to iterate over todelete
DO (^::Do your stuff, make sure to use echo to see the output on the cmd
) ^

A: In addition to the comments about other folders than c:\Windows, a lot of common windows components go in Program Files\Common Files, and the application folders under Program Files are likely to have drivers that Windows won't boot normally without; AntiVirus, graphics and other non-default hardware drivers.
Here be dragons.

A: If what you want is to get rid of user data files, you only need to look in a couple of places, such as %USERPROFILE%\AppData. The actual directory names vary with the OS (XP/Vista/7).
But don't do it to the Administrator, or yourself!


Two color mokume, satin, raw finish. I left this one raw so that the customer could choose the finish of their liking. Or you can leave it raw. Up to you.
A natural patina will develop with time and handling.


text:
Breaking: House reauthorizes NSA mass surveillance statute, kills reform
Ed MorrisseyPosted at 12:01 pm on January 11, 2018
In the end, the dustup over Donald Trump's contradictory tweets did little to derail reauthorization of the PATRIOT Act's most controversial section. The House passed a bill giving Section 702's mass surveillance capabilities another five-year run on a bipartisan vote, 256-164:
JUST IN: After Trump tweets throw FISA surveillance re-authorization vote into confusion, U.S. House passes bill by vote of 256-164. https://t.co/rOxQwCw92M pic.twitter.com/o3xaBU6LIk
— NBC News (@NBCNews) January 11, 2018
The bill survived some tense moments on the floor, including a demand from House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi to pull the bill over Trump's tweets:
Senior Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives urged cancellation of a vote set for Thursday on whether to renew the National Security Agency's warrantless internet surveillance program after President Donald Trump appeared to initially question the merits of the program. …
House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi asked Speaker Paul Ryan, a Republican, to cancel the vote after Trump's tweets, a senior aide said.
The House also killed the USA Rights Amendment which would have proscribed some of the Section 702 authority for the FBI and Department of Justice:
In a narrow victory for the Trump administration, the House on Thursday voted down a bid to impose new limits on how authorities can use information on Americans collected in foreign spying.
The amendment failed by a vote of 183 to 233.
The bill now proceeds to the Senate, where Rand Paul promises to filibuster the bill if it does not include the USA Rights Amendment or similar changes. Mike Lee also pledged his support for Paul for his reform demand, and that would put Republicans below 50 votes just from those two defectors. Ron Wyden (D-OR) has prepared the Senate version of the USA Rights Amendment, and it's likely to get a floor vote at some point.
However, it seems likely that the core House bill will have Democratic support as well without attaching reform language to it. More Democrats in the House crossed over to pass the bill than Republicans who crossed over to oppose it, 65/45. To ensure a smoother ride, Senate majority whip John Cornyn (R-TX) suggested that the House bill might get attached to the omnibus spending bill that will need to get approved by January 19th to avoid a shutdown, which is coincidentally the same date as the expiration of 702's current authorization. Paul would probably vote against both anyway, but if Congress gets a deal on DACA and border security, the spending bill should breeze through.
Update: If Trump had stayed off Twitter this morning, he could have claimed this as a big win. Now, it looks a little like a loss, to the extent that a coherent position at the White House exists at all.
Tags: Donald Trump Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act House of Representatives NSA Rand Paul section 702 surveillance


Microchip offers industry's most reliable and robust clock and oscillator products for all automotive applications.
The DSCA family of MEMS-based oscillators and clock generators are AEC-Q100 qualified and provide tight frequency stability over wide temperature range up to -55 to 125°C. They are 500x more resistant to shock, and 5x more resistant to vibration compared to the quartz equivalent products, making Microchip oscillators a perfect match for mission critical automotive applications.
The DSCA2xxx and DSCA400 MEMS clock generators can consolidate multiple crystals and oscillators into a single chip, which saves board space and reduces BOM cost.


Today we pulled the boat out of the water, tomorrow it will go for service and on Saturday we're heading to Simrishamn. The first part of Vänern fishing is over, there might be some fishing end of May depending on the water temperature and the migration of the salmon.
The expectations for the fishing in the Baltic Sea are high as the last month has been extra ordinary.


The local officer sits on the north side of 16th street in between Thomphson Blvd and Statefair Blvd (Closer to Statefair) in an empty lot near or close to the ice machine.
Poster failed to mention two things: 1. For westbound traffic, the officer is in plain view -- not hiding. 2. Immediately past the ice machine is a row of trees, and just past the trees is a city fire station. Emergency personnel entering the roadway can't see westbound traffic because of the trees.


text:
Sheck Wes, właściwie Khadimou Rassoul Cheikh Fall (ur. 10 września 1998) – amerykański raper, autor tekstów i model.

Wczesne życie
Sheck Wes urodził się 10 września 1998 roku w dzielnicy Harlem w Nowym Jorku. W wieku 5 lat przeprowadził się do Milwaukee, gdzie mieszkał przez 9 lat. W wieku 14 lat Sheck przeprowadził się z powrotem do Nowego Jorku. Wes dorastał z Mohamedem Bamba, zawodnikiem koszykarskiego klubu Orlando Magic.

Kariera

2017-teraz: Mudboy
W lutym 2018 podpisał kontrakt z wytwórnią rapera Kanye Westa GOOD Music, i wytwórnią rapera Travisa Scotta Cactus Jack Records. W 2017 roku wypuścił singiel Mo Bamba, który zaczął podbijać listy przebojów w połowie 2018 roku, m.in. zajął 10 miejsce na liście Billboard Hot 100.

5 października wydał swój pierwszy album Mudboy.

Dyskografia

Albumy studyjne

 Mudboy (2018)

Przypisy

Urodzeni w 1998
Amerykańscy raperzy
Amerykanie pochodzenia senegalskiego


text:
Tag archive for 'X-Men First Class'
By The Dispatch On Wednesday, December 18th, 2019
Fathom Events, BY Experience and National Theatre Live are bringing an inventive new version of the timeless play "Cyrano de Bergerac" to cinemas nationwide on February 20 only. Captured live from the Playhouse More...
By Brandon Jones On Thursday, May 9th, 2019
'Tolkien' never lives up the myth or legend of a man behind 'The Hobbit' and the 'LOTR'
Fox Spotlight tried to share J.R.R. Tolkien's backstory, one of the most influential literary giants in history, with audiences in their new biopic, Tolkien. Nicholas Hoult steps into the shoes of the iconic More...
By The Dispatch On Saturday, April 27th, 2019
'Tolkien' with Nicholas Hoult, Lily Collins comes to theaters for advanced screenings on May 7 and May 10
Fathom Events partners with Fox Searchlight Pictures for the theatrical debut of "Tolkien," giving audiences the chance to see this much-anticipated film on May 7 ahead of its theatrical nationwide More...
By Jinkie Barendse On Thursday, November 23rd, 2017
Jennifer Lawrence offers up vulgar, disgusting analogy for nude photo hacking, how it was 'unbelievably violating'
Hollywood superstar Jennifer Lawrence found her photo hacking scandal in 2014 "unbelievably violating", and admits she is still "processing" the ordeal. News her split with boyfriend/Mother More...
By Zach Jones On Tuesday, May 16th, 2017
Diane Lane says 'Justice League' won't be as good as 'Avengers,' her rep 'responds'
During a recent interview Diane Lane talked about reprising her Man of Steel role as Martha Kent in Justice League, but appeared to be stating that the new film will not be anywhere near as good as The Avengers. More...
By Sierra Jones On Monday, May 1st, 2017
Michael Fassbender on 'Alien: Covenant,' playing a head and if David has 'changed'
As the promotion for the Prometheus sequel, Alien: Covenant, ramps up, Collider released their sit down with Michael Fassbender to discuss returning as David, playing a second character and much more. "It's More...
By Stephen Nevets On Monday, March 13th, 2017
'X-Men First Class' director Matthew Vaughn rumored for 'Man of Steel 2'
Warner Bros is still moving ahead with a Man of Steel sequel and a new report points to X-Men: First Class director Matthew Vaughn will be the studio's choice to direct a new Henry Cavill film project. Collider More...
By Brandon Jones On Saturday, January 21st, 2017
'Sherlock' star Benedict Cumberbatch stars in first 'The Current War' photo
The Weinstein Company has released the first image from the highly-anticipated drama featuring Benedict Cumberbatch as legendary American inventor Thomas Edison. The Current War is filming in London "Edison and More...
By Stephen Nevets On Friday, September 9th, 2016
New international 'Inferno' trailer shows more of the confused Tom Hanks
Another Dan Brown novel will be adapted for the big screen as Ron Howard and Tom Hanks team up again to bring fans Inferno and the latest trailer dives deeper into the plot and storyline. Hanks returns as symbologist More...
By Stephen Nevets On Tuesday, June 28th, 2016
New 'Inferno' trailer has Tom Hanks stopping the plague without his memory
By Brandon Jones On Friday, June 3rd, 2016
Jennifer Lawrence explains 'X-Men' return, talks Michael Fassbender, James McAvoy coming back
The fate of a lot of mutants is up in the air in X-Men: Apocalypse, the subject of a recent EW cover story, and Jennifer Lawrence tops the list as the actress has become a hot Hollywood commodity. Lawrence expressed More...
By Stephen Nevets On Thursday, March 17th, 2016
New 'X-Men Apocalypse' poster showcases Four Horsemen
Fox unveiled a new poster for X-Men: Apocalypse focusing on the key four henchmen of Oscar Isaac's titular villain: Storm (Alexandra Shipp), Psylocke (Olivia Munn), Magneto (Michael Fassbender) and Archangel More...
By Sierra Jones On Monday, March 7th, 2016
Michael Fassbender will return as 'Assassin's Creed' sequel in the works
While the first movie doesn't arrive until December, but it seems Ubisoft and New Regency are confident that they have a hit on their hands with the Assassin's Creed movie, as The Tracking Board is reporting More...
By Stephen Nevets On Friday, August 28th, 2015
First 'Assassin's Creed' photo reveals Michael Fassbender in full costume
A new video game film is coming, Assassin's Creed, based on the popular Ubisoft franchise of the same title, starring Michael Fassbender as the lead character. Fans just got their first look at the X-Men First More...
By Brandon Jones On Thursday, May 21st, 2015
'Mad Max Fury Road' amazes on every level – 5 stars!
Not since George Lucas brought audiences Star Wars has a filmmaker delivered on a universe full of bizarre and crazed characters without being too campy or distracting. George Miller reboots the Mad Max franchise More...
By Stephen Nevets On Monday, February 9th, 2015
'X-Men Apocalypse': Patrick Stewart, Ian McKellen out, Rose Byrne in
A new X-Men film will arrive next year and fans get some more casting updates on X-Men: Apocalypse. Patrick Stewart and Ian McKellen are reportedly now returning to reprise their roles as Professor X and Magneto More...
By Brandon Jones On Saturday, October 11th, 2014
'X-Men Apocalypse' details, how 'Deadpool' fits into Fox universe, 'The Wolverine' sequel details
Simon Kinberg detailed what fans can expect from X-Men: Apocalypse, which he describes as the completion of an arc for the First Class characters and how the Deadpool film fits into things. "I will say that More...
By Brandon Jones On Tuesday, September 23rd, 2014
Simon Kinberg on 'X-Men: Apocalypse': 'First Class' cast in central, set 20 years pre-X1
After the incredible success of X-Men: Days of Future Past, Fox moving quickly to get fans buzzing about the next film in the franchise: X-Men: Apocalypse. Now with director Bryan Singer is locked in, writer Simon More...
By Stephen Nevets On Friday, May 2nd, 2014
'X-Men Days of Future Past' clips stars Jennifer Lawrence, James McAvoy, Hugh Jackman and Michael Fassbender
The first round of clips for the new X-Men movie have landed and Fox is showcasing their star talent. Jennifer Lawrence, James McAvoy and Michael Fassbender and then Hugh Jackman battling Nicholas Hoult – More...
By Stephen Nevets On Saturday, April 5th, 2014
'X-Men Days of Future Past' character posters feature Hugh Jackman, Michael Fassbender and cast
Fox is banking on an Avengers style response when the X-Men: Days of Future Past lands in theaters. New posters feature the all-star cast from X-Men: First Class and the original trilogy. Check them out below. James More...


Costa Brava holidays offer a variety of experiences that are not all about the seaside. Of course there are many sandy beaches on this 'wild coast' but there is much more. Located on the north eastern coast of Catalonia, the area from the border with France in the north to Blanes in the south, you are within easy reach of the wonderful city of Barcelona as well historic towns and villages.
Cheap Costa Brava holidays appeal to every age group as there are resorts to suit all interests. Families, couples of all ages as well as groups of young singles can all find a holiday that fulfils their needs. There are purpose built resorts as well as holiday developments that have grown around fishing villages and ports. There are lively destinations such as Lloret de Mar and Tossa de Mar and peaceful retreats such as Blanes and Santa Susanna. With over a dozen golf courses and a wide variety of recreational activities and tourist attractions, it is no surprise that cheap Costa Brava holidays have such appeal. The proximity of Barcelona is an added attraction.
The holiday season lasts from April until October and with low cost flights from many regional airports, travel to the Costa Brava has never been easier. The fact that the flight takes only two hours attracts those with young children. Standards of both accommodation and service are good and there are tariffs to suit all budgets. Eating out is a culinary pleasure and wines are as pleasing to the pocket as they are to the palette.
If you find the task of scouring the internet for the cheapest option, more than a little off-putting, use our simple search facility that will quickly find you the Costa Brava holiday that gives you the best deal. As a price comparison site we bring you offers from over thirty travel companies, including some of the market leaders, who are all competing for your custom. This competition inevitably leads to great bargain holidays. As the very best offers change daily, don't delay, ring and book today. Check out our Costa Brava holidays 2017. You'll also find the cheapest school holiday deals.


text:
Home » Cricket Home » News » India vs Australia: England's Stuart Broad Lashes Out at Australia's Tim Paine Over Remarks on Ravichandran Ashwin
India vs Australia: England's Stuart Broad Lashes Out at Australia's Tim Paine Over Remarks on Ravichandran Ashwin
The match, however, had all possible makings of an exciting game as it involved few controversies which included incidents of racial abuse as well as a heated exchange of words between players of both teams.
Updated: January 12, 2021, 8:04 PM IST
While the third Test between India and Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) ended in a draw. The match, however, had all possible makings of an exciting game as it involved few controversies which included incidents of racial abuse as well as a heated exchange of words between players of both teams.
Australian Test captain Tim Paine, who is known for getting into the heads of the opposition teams with verbal volleys, took to his sledging ways as the Indian team were in the process of pulling off a memorable draw on the final day of the SCG Test. However, Paine's words to Ravichandran Ashwin drew the ire of cricket fans, including that of England's pacer Stuart Broad who took to social media to express his displeasure with the language used by the Aussie skipper.
The veteran English pacer took to Twitter, while slamming Paine he wrote that sledging is 'part of the game,' but also opined that the Aussie wicketkeeper-batsman-skipper won't get away with the foul language.
See it here:
This is all a part of the game. The Test match battle but Painey won't get away with that Language with the Laws above
— Stuart Broad (@StuartBroad8) January 11, 2021
Paine's verbal spat with Ashwin started when the Indian player started countering the Australian with verbal jibes. As usual, Paine got carried away and ended up abusing Ashwin while poking fun at the Indian player all along. However, the banter between the two took an ugly turn when Ashwin too responded with a sly remark at Paine.
Paine's words have garnered criticism from fans and experts who were of the opinion that he must back his words with performances and leading the team better instead of slandering the opponents.
Meanwhile, in the drawn third Test match Ashwin along with Hanuma Vihari stitched an unbeaten match-saving 62 run partnership. Even though the all-rounder was unimpressive with the ball in the first innings. However, he picked the crucial wickets of David Warner and Steve Smith in the second. He was also remarkable with the bat in the second innings as he scored an unbeaten 39 runs from 128 balls when India were chasing a total of 407 runs in the third Test.
India Tour of Australia 2020-21
stuart broad


This e-book goals to supply a self-contained creation to the neighborhood geometry of the stochastic flows. It reviews the hypoelliptic operators, that are written in Hörmander's shape, by utilizing the relationship among stochastic flows and partial differential equations. The publication stresses the author's view that the neighborhood geometry of any stochastic stream is decided very accurately and explicitly by means of a common formulation often called the Chen-Strichartz formulation.
Monoidal Topology describes an lively learn zone that, after a variety of earlier proposals on the best way to axiomatize 'spaces' when it comes to convergence, started to emerge at first of the millennium. It combines Barr's relational presentation of topological areas by way of ultrafilter convergence with Lawvere's interpretation of metric areas as small different types enriched over the prolonged actual half-line.
When his second Colloquium Publication entitled Algebraic Topology appeared in 1942, the adjective 'combinatorial' fell into disuse. 2. The fixed -point formula The results on fixed points which preceded the work of Lefschetz were the theorems of Brouwer for continuous mappings of the n-cell and n-sphere, and a theorem of Alexander on topological mappings of a 2-dimensional manifold. The basic step toward a full-fledged result was Lefschetz's discovery in 1923 f of a formula. Its description runs as follows.
He constructed a compact connected set X in Euclidean 3-space which was the intersection of a decreasing sequence of 3-cells. Its Cech homology is therefore the same as that of a 3-cell. Hence L(f) = 1 for any map/. Borsuk showed that X admits arbitrarily false for small deformations without fixed points. The inadequacy of the Vietoris-Cech homology theory for the fixedpoint theorem probably led Lefschetz to investigate other methods of defining homology groups. In any case, he gave the first formal definition of the singular homology theory .
E. there is a point / has at least one fixed point xzX f References are to the Bibliography of the Publications of S. Lefschetz, pp. 44-9, this volume. NORMAN STEENROD The conclusion is valid whenever X is the space of a finite complex. 26 E. This result was proved by Lefschetz in 1928. His initial theorem in 1923 asserted the conclusion only when is a compact orientable manifold (without boundary). In this case he X was able to prove more by assigning a geometric significance to the numerical value of L(f) for an arbitrary/ in the following manner.


The paradise island of Mauritius, through its Professional Association of Freight Forwarders, has bid to host the 2019 meeting of region Africa and Middle East (RAME) of FIATA, the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations.
For centuries, the Dutch, English and French sailors used to stop over here while pursuing their trade route to or from India. The navigators considered our island as the star and key of the Indian Ocean due to its strategic position.
Later, Mark Twain, author of the American literary classic The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, visited our country in 1896 and wrote that you gather idea that Mauritius was made first, and then heaven; and that heaven was copied after Mauritius.
The A. P. Moller – Maersk Group to which the shipping company Maersk belongs, achieved a 43% growth in its turnover from 2016 to last year. In 2018, its turnover amounted to 39 billion US dollars.
Analysts attribute this financial performance to the integrated service offerings following the acquisition of the shipping company Hamburg Sud, increasing digitalisation and improvements in its networks.
The A.P. Moller-Maersk Group has a diversified portfolio ranging from oil drilling to energy-related businesses, port terminal management services to the transportation of containers on its vessels.
Profitability during the year 2018 reached 3.8 billion US dollars (earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization), an 8% increase compared to year 2017.
Concerning the ocean segment, revenues increased by 29% last year to attain 28.4 billion US dollars.


text:
Q: How to fix Homebrew error "fatal: early EOF"? I'm trying to install Homebrew on MacOS Catalina.
After running the command on their official webpage I'm getting the following error.
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into '/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 9, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (9/9), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
error: RPC failed; curl 18 transfer closed with outstanding read data remaining
fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly
fatal: early EOF
fatal: index-pack failed
Error: Failure while executing; `git clone https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core` exited with 128.
Error: Failure while executing; `/usr/local/bin/brew tap homebrew/core` exited with 1.
Failed during: /usr/local/bin/brew update --force

A: I was having the same problem with the Mac M1 Big Sur.
The comment above was a big help.
Step 1:
sudo ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"

Step 2:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Then it failed.
Step 3:
cd /opt/homebrew/library/taps/homebrew

Step 4:
sudo rmdir homebrew-core

Step 5:
git clone https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core /opt/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core --depth=1

I also logged into Github on the browser, not sure if that mattered.

A: I had the same problem. Thankfully, the above answer put me in the right track. I just had to made changes on step 3, 4, and 5.
Step 1
sudo ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
Step 2
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
Step 3
/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew
Step 4
sudo rm -r homebrew-core
Step 5
git clone https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core /usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core --depth=1