text:
Population Health Risks
What do you want to know more about?
Greenspace accessibility
Housing quality
Physical activity (inactivity)
Smoking (tobacco use)
Unsafe sex
Indicators of air quality for our region have been drawn from air pollution background concentration maps (DEFRA) and Public Health Profiles (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF)
European Air Quality Regulations
Public Health Dorset — Air pollution
The outdoor air pollutants of concern in our region include NO2 and particulate matter (PM), specifically very fine PM2.5 µm (2.5/1,000,000 m) and PM10 µm. Although the annual pollution levles are below the the WHO limits, there is significnat variation, with the highest polluting areas being where the poorest people live. Additionaly there is no safe limilt for PM2.5.
Both PM2.5 and NO2 have the ability to get into the deepest reaches of your lungs and directly into your blood stream, which can then cause blockages, increasing the risk of heart and lung diseases, as well making life worse for people already living with these conditions.
Unfortunately, these pollutants come from many sources, from the chimneys on factories, energy plants and car exhausts, to industrial and garden fires and wood burning stoves.
To try to understand the different levels of pollution different people across Dorset are exposed to, we have used modelled pollution estimates from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs to map the background concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2.
Indicators are drawn from three datasets: Local Alcohol Profiles for England, Health Behaviours in Young People, and the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Local alcohol profiles
Public Health England — Health behaviours in young people
Public Health Dorset — Global burden of disease, risk factors for death and poor health
Public Health Dorset — Alcohol
Harmful levels of drinking have both health and social consequences. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in several diseases and injury types, as well as being causally linked to a range of mental and behavioural disorders and infectious diseases. Reducing alcohol-related harm is a key priority for Public Health.
Locally, the percentage of adults who drink over 14 units of alcohol a week is similar to that of England. In Bournemouth, the rate of hospital admissions for alcohol-related conditions is higher than England – the rates are lower for Poole and Dorset. The percentage of children aged 15 who are regular drinkers is also higher in Bournemouth.
Indicators of crime and violence for our region have been drawn from Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health Dorset — Cardiff Model
Crime and antisocial behaviour affects health in a number of ways – directly, indirectly and by influences on the healthcare system. Public Health, through working with partners in the community, such as the police, NHS and trading standards, can play a key role in in assisting the Community Safety Partnerships (CSPs) to deliver on their strategy.
Althought the number of firstime offenders has dropped in all areas since 2014, the reoffending rates have changed little. Additonaly, in recent years, the number of violent offencece has increased in all areas (and across England). However, this is likley due to a change in the recording practices by the police, lowering the threshold of what constitues a reportable violent offence. In contrast to this local Cardiff model data sugests that there has been little chang in the number of assault victims being seen by emergency departments.
Cardiff Model – violence surveillance system: This is a local violence survaillence system that informs stratagies that attempt to reduce the potential of physical harm in the community. Our model is based on a local interpretation of the original Cardiff Model and the national Information Sharing to Tackle Violence (ISTV) standard (see ISTV).
How it Works:Information is collected from patients who have been the victim of an assault and sought treatment in an emergency department. This information is anonymised, and is shared with community safety partners. It is set up as a population level preventative programme so that no identifiable data is shared, and there is no risk of an individual being identified from the data set.
The data collected includes the date and time the violence occurred, location of violence, if weapons were used and how many assailants there were. These key pieces of information help to identify violence 'hot spots', which enable partners to take appropriate action to prevent further harm. This may include challenging the practices of a licensed venue, altering policing patterns or introducing an intervention such as street pastors into the night time economy.
Making the Night Time Economy Safer: This approach has been repeatedly demonstrated to reduce levels of violence and also hospital admissions. To be effective the information from the hospitals needs to be accurate and it must be shared correctly to inform licensing, policing and crime prevention interventions.
Locally we have been successful in adding conditions to a number of licensed premises to ensure they are protecting the health of people who use them and even in supporting the closure of a pub with evidence of poor management practices causing harm.
The information is used with police data to show a fuller picture, it can influence local policy, and it may provide support for the implementation of things such as cumulative impact policy.
Partnership approach: The scheme is coordinated by Public Health and delivered in partnership with three emergency departments; the Royal Bournemouth, Poole General and Dorset County Hospital, as well as licensing and community safety officers in all of the local authorities and Dorset police. The steering group meets on a quarterly basis and communication between partners is encouraged at all times to ensure timely sharing of relevant information.
Data: We continue to work closely with our hospitals and partners to make Dorset a safer place. We are pleased to be able to display some of the data trends here.
Information in this visualisation is from all three hospitals who have approved its use in this way in line with their data protection and patient confidentiality policies. No individuals can be identified from the data shown.
Indicators are drawn from three datasets: Health behaviours in young people, Public Health profiles, and the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Healthier lives: alcohol & drugs
Office for National Statistics — Deaths related to drug poisoning in England and Wales
National Drug Treatment Monitoring System
Misuse of drugs is a significant cause of premature mortality, has impacts on the users physical and mental health, as well impacting on the people around the user and wider society.
In England and Wales, there were 3,744 drug poisoning deaths in 2016 – the highest number since comparable statistics began to be collected in 1993. Sixty-nine percent of these deaths were related to drug misuse, and this was highest for people aged 40 to 49 years. Over half of deaths related to drug poisoning (54%) involved an opiate drug.
Locally, the rate of deaths from drug misuse in Bournemouth is higher than that of England. For younger people, the rate of hospital admissions for substance misuse aged 15-24, and the percentage of 15 year olds who have taken cannabis in the last month is significantly higher in Poole, compared to England.
Indicators of excess weight and/or obesity for our region have been drawn from Health Profiles (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Adult Obesity: applying All Our Health
Public Health England — Child health – obesity
Public Health Dorset — National Child Measurement Programme data by children's centre
Public Health Dorset — Children and young people
Having excess weight or being obese has significant implications for both physical and mental health. It increases the risk of several diseases such as heart disease, Type-II diabetes and some cancers, which in turn increases the likelihood of premature death. Obesity is a key public health issue, as it is widespread nationally, prevalence remains high and it has significant impact on health and social care costs, as well as economic and societal impacts.
Obesity is also an issue in childhood, with 22% of children in reception and 34% of children in Year 6 being overweight. As well as increasing risk of disease, obesity in childhood is linked to poor mental health and sleep. Children who are obese are more likely to be obese in adulthood, with the associated risk of disease and premature mortality.
The causes of obesity are complex, from individuals unhealthy lifestyle and eating choices through to wider issues such as the local environment and food availability. There is not a single effective intervention – a variety are needed to tackle the issue.
Although our local areas are doing better or no worse than national indicators, the figures are still of great concern and are trending upward.
Indicators of greenspace accessibility were drawn from the Wider Determinants of Health and Health Assets profiles (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Everyone Active, Every day: an evidence-based approach to physical activity
DEFRA — Evidence statement on the links between natural environments and human health
Contact with the natural environment and urban greenspace has positive impacts on health in a variety of ways; DEFRA's Evidence Statement on the links between natural environments and human health (2017) concluded that:
Living in greener environments is associated with reduced mortality
There is strong and consistent evidence for mental health and wellbeing benefits from exposure to natural environments
Use of accessible, better quality natural environments is associated with a higher likelihood and rate of physical activity
The potential of greenspace to deliver health benefits at scale is obvious. From trips to beaches, parks and nature reserves to a moment of calm on a tree lined commute to work we encounter it every day, but access to the high quality green and blue spaces which bring the greatest benefit is not equally distributed.
Indicators of housing quality for our region have been drawn from three datasets: Wider determinants of health, Public Health profiles, Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Homes for health
Chartered Institute of Environmental Health — Housing and health resource
Public Health Dorset — Excess winter deaths
Housing is a key determinant of people's health and wellbeing. Living in a suitable home also enables people to access education or employment, and to contribute to society. Living in cold, damp overcrowded or otherwise unsuitable homes increases the risk of physical and mental health (e.g. for disabled or older people) or through unstable living circumstances / homelessness.
People unable to keep their home warm enough are more likely to use health and social care services. Poor housing is linked to an increased risk in cardiovascular and respiratory disease (in both children and older people) and can lead to falls and injuries, requiring specialist housing or residential care. Public Health has been working with other partners in local authorities to help improve the housing stock and enable people to live in their own home for longer.
Overcrowded housing is associated with increased risks of respiratory and infectious disease, and also poor mental health and child development / educational attainment. Locally, Bournemouth has a higher rate of overcrowded housing compared to the England average.
Indicators of inequality for our region have been drawn from the Wider determinants of health and the Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
DCLG — English Indices of Deprivation 2015
We often refer to socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality without distinguishing between them. Although they are interrelated, socioeconomic deprivation in the UK is usually measured using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), of which one element is 'health deprivation'. Health inequality is characterised variously as the relative difference between groups of people (defined usually by some small area geography) in terms of Life Expectancy, or Healthy Life Expectancy or one of a number of other measures.
The interplay between socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality is complex. There are four areas in our region that have merited specific community development efforts due to being both deprived and having poorer health outcomes than other communities.
Bourne Valley, Poole
Boscombe, Bournemouth
West Howe, Bournemouth
Melcombe Regis, Weymouth
Risks to health and wellbeing are not evenly distributed across the population, but instead conspire to form patterns of inequality with people in poverty more likely to experience poor health, partly because of living in poorer environmental conditions.
If inequalities are to be reduced, it is critical that risks are identified early on in their development and, where possible, action is taken to lessen their impact on health and wellbeing. This requires services to actively seek out groups of people known to be at heightened risk, as they may be the ones least likely to seek help from services or participate in health programmes. The earlier that these risks can be identified and preventative measures put in place, the better the outcomes for health and wellbeing.
As well as impacting on biological health, society affects health in a number of ways, directly and indirectly and by influences on the healthcare system:
Directly, through violence, injury, rape and other offences against the person.
Indirectly, through the psychological and physical consequences of injury, victimisation and isolation because of fear.
As a determinant of illness, along with poverty and other inequalities, which increases the burden of ill health on those communities least able to cope.
By causing preventable health burdens, such as alcohol-related crime, motor vehicle incidents and drug dependency.
Structurally by limiting the choices people are able to make – healthy food costs more, working life makes it difficult to access services unless out-of-hours, poor education makes it difficult to access health information and reduces social-mobility chances etc.
There are well established links between health, employment, productivity and poverty. Being in work provides purpose, promotes independence and is a factor in preventing physical and mental health problems.
Promoting health and well-being for all will raise employment, reduce child poverty and poverty later in life, and raise the growth in productivity of the British economy. Similarly, increasing employment and opportunity of employment will directly promote better health and well-being for all.
The Economy (JSNA April 2016) is one of seven narratives of the Dorset Joint Strategic Needs Assessment that aim to understand the health and wellbeing needs of our local population [LINK to LEES ECONOMY DASHBOARD]. Key findings from the Economy JSNA are:
Over 34,000 people of working age in Dorset claim out of work benefits 8% of Dorset's working age population are claiming out of work benefits. (Department for Work and Pensions, May 2015).
Of those claimants, 26,000 people claim Employment Support Allowance/Incapacity Benefit and are likely to face significant barriers to employment.
49% of those claiming sickness-related benefits had mental and behavioural disorders as their primary health condition. Bournemouth (59%) had the highest rate of claimants with Dorset (45%) and Poole (44%) having similar rates.
Ill-health and injuries cost an estimated £180 million to Dorset LEP economy during 2012/13. (Health and Safety Executive, 2014/15)
Dorset's workforce is ageing. 109,600 people or 32% of the workforce population were aged 50 or over in the Dorset LEP area. In comparison, for England it was 28%.
In 2015, there were some 76,000 employee jobs paid less than the living wage in the Dorset LEP. At least 46,000 of these jobs were part-time jobs.
Bournemouth, Poole and Dorset are part of the Dorset Local Economic Partnership (LEP). Dorset LEP is led by the private sector and aims to promote local economic growth and prosperity. For further information about the LEP and its economic strategy please see the website Dorset Local Enterprise Partnership.
Indicators of physical activity and inactivity for our region have been drawn from physical activity profile (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Physical activity profile
Public Health England — Everybody Active, Every Day
Public Health England — Physical inactivity levels in adults aged 40 to 60 in England
A key risk factor for death and poor health, physical inactivity contributes to one in six deaths in the UK. People who lead physically active lifestyles have reduced risk of many diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes, as well as lower levels of obesity and improved mental health. For older adults, physical activity helps to maintain physical and cognitive abilities. Guidelines for physical activity vary by age; young people are recommended to do at least one hour of physical activity every day, while for adults 150 minutes of moderate activity per week is recommended.
Young people who spend more time sedentary (i.e. activity with very low energy expenditure, undertaken primarily sitting or lying down) have greater fat mass, higher BMI and an increased risk of being overweight or obese, irrespective of their levels of physical activity when not sedentary. Therefore it is important to track levels of sedentary behaviour as well as physical activity.
Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has significant benefits to health: It is associated with increased musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health and has also been linked with psychological benefits, such as reduced anxiety and depression among children and adolescents.
Good physical activity habits established in childhood and adolescence are likely to be carried through into adulthood, while lower levels of activity are associated with obesity, a serious public health issue in Europe and North America.
In England, 65% of adults meet the physical activity guidelines. Locally, the rate of adults meeting physical activity guidelines is better in Dorset (68% physically active). In Poole, 26% of adults physically inactive, which is significantly worse than the England rate. The rate of young people meeting activity guidelines is much lower – in England, 13.9% of young people meet the recommended 1 hour of activity a day, and local rates are similar.
Indicators of smoking/tobacco use for our region have been drawn from Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Local Tobacco Control Profile (Public Health England)
Smoking Cessation Services in Dorset (Public Health Dorset)
Adult smoking habits in the UK (Office for National Statistics and Public Health England)
Passive smoking and children (Royal College of Physicians)
As a modifiable lifestyle choice, smoking is the most preventable cause of death and ill health in the UK. Smoking is a major risk factor for diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease and it is also linked to cancers in other parts of the body. Smoking is not just a risk factor for an individual; exposure to second hand smoke (passive smoking) is also recognised as a hazard, particularly to the health of children. Additionally, smoking in pregnancy can cause health problems for both mother and baby, such as a higher risk of miscarriage, labour complications, premature birth and sudden unexpected death in infancy.
In the UK, adult smoking prevalence rates are declining. In 2016, 15.8% of adults were smoking (rate of 'adult current smokers'), which is a statistically significant decrease from 20.1% in 2010. Smoking is more prevalent among those aged 25 to 34. Men are more likely to smoke than women. Locally, only adult smoking rates in Dorset are better than the average rate across England.
The latest government target is to reduce the adult smoking rate in England to 12% or less by 2022.
In England, child smoking rates are lower than that of adults, with 8% of young people thought to be current smokers. Girls were more likely to be current smokers than boys. Rates also vary by deprivation, with young people from the most deprived areas being more likely to be regular smokers. Locally, smoking prevalence at age 15 in Bournemouth and Poole are higher than England, for both current and regular smokers.
The latest government target is to reduce the rate of 15 year olds who regularly smoke to 3% or less.
Indicators are drawn from two datasets: Sexual and reproductive health profiles and Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHE). Bold figures in the table below indicate a statistically significant difference from the respective English Average; * indicates missing data.
Public Health England — Sexual and reproductive health profiles
Public Health England — Sexually transmitted infections: annual data tables
Dorset Safeguarding Children Board — Child sexual exploitation and trafficked children
Sexual health covers advice and support around contraception, relationships, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and abortion.
Patterns of sexual behaviour and relationships have been changing, and many different factors influence safer sex behaviour such as; personal beliefs, social norms, peer pressure, culture, misuse of drugs and alcohol, coercion and abuse. Vulnerable groups include young people, sex workers, men who have sex with men and some BME groups.
Child Sexual exploitation is a form of sexual abuse where an individual or group take advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person into sexual activity. Sexual exploitation has long lasting consequences in all aspects of the child's life including their physical and mental health and wellbeing.
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ZAMBIAN BREWERIES BACKS RTSA DRINK-DRIVE CAMPAIGN
By TheGlobalZambian | 23rd January 2018
Company continues commitment towards reducing deaths on country's roads
Zambian Breweries staff join RTSA officers for a drink drive crackdown in Ndola.
LUSAKA, ZAMBIA – Zambian Breweries joined hands with the Road Transport and Safety Agency (RTSA) in Ndola last week as part of a 'Don't Drink and Drive' campaign. The RTSA operation targeting drink-drivers was supported, on the ground, by Zambian Breweries managers based at the Ndola Plant.
The crackdown was not only aimed at catching motorists over the limit, but was also used to enforce rules and regulations as well as road safety education on drink-driving to reduce the number of deaths and injuries.
"We have a dream to create a better world and that can only be achieved with a safe and healthy environment and community," said Zambian Breweries' corporate affairs director Ezekiel Sekele. "The enforcement exercises are a way to go as we continue to get the message across on responsible drinking and the dangers of drinking and driving to our consumers and the community. At Zambian Breweries, we think it's our responsibility not only to share that message with everybody, but also to back the government and institutions such as the RTSA through such initiatives as the road safety campaign."
The operation was conducted by RTSA at strategic points in Ndola, in the company of Zambian Breweries staff. Drivers in the city were stopped and breathalysed at random to check their alcohol levels. The brewing company has taken a bold step in curbing alcohol abuse and drinking and driving. Mr Sekele added: "Charity begins at home and last year we made sure that we educated our staff, especially our drivers, on the perils of drinking and driving. We bought 10 breathalysers, four of which we donated internally to our staff for our in-house education and awareness programmes and the remaining six we donated to our partners, the RTSA." The path to responsible drinking and to never drink and drive is a key message the brewing company has dedicated to spread in 2018. Zambian Breweries is committed to making sure consumers enjoy alcohol in a responsible manner. Zambian Breweries has a standing partnership and commitment with the RTSA that was signed through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2016. The MoU aims at curbing drink driving and ensuring safety on the roads with a view to cutting the number of road accidents. The company, together with the Zambian Road Agency, hopes to see a new Zambia, where motorists and other road users begin to accept that alcohol abuse and drink-driving are socially unacceptable.
With its responsible drinking and don't drink and drive campaigns in force, consumers are encouraged to be accountable and responsible for the way in which they consume alcohol. If you do have too much to drink, you should hire a taxi or get a friend or member of your family who hasn't been drinking to drive you.
Zambian Breweries has made a bold commitment to saving lives on the roads. In 2017, there was a fall in the number of deaths and injuries on our highways. The company is determined to bring the figures down further this year by working closely with its partners.
Related ItemsAlcoholismBreweriesCampaignDRINK-DRIVEFeatureFeaturedFeatureslatest-newsRTSASubstance AbuseZambian
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Calling/Getting a php variable value inside JQuery I am currently learning how jplayer works. and I've encountered this code
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function(){
          $("#jquery_jplayer_1").jPlayer({
            ready: function () {
              $(this).jPlayer("setMedia", {
                m4a: "http://www.jplayer.org/audio/m4a/Miaow-07-Bubble.m4a",
                oga: "http://www.jplayer.org/audio/ogg/Miaow-07-Bubble.ogg"
              });
            },
            swfPath: "js",
            supplied: "m4a, oga"
          });
        });
  </script>

I was wondering how can I get the value of a variable in a php code and insert it here?specifically here.
$(this).jPlayer("setMedia", {
                m4a: "http://www.jplayer.org/audio/m4a/Miaow-07-Bubble.m4a",
                oga: "http://www.jplayer.org/audio/ogg/Miaow-07-Bubble.ogg"
              });

inside the m4a: I want to call/insert the value of a php code like $file_path.
How can I do that? since I'll be getting the filepaths from my database and store it in a php variable

A: You can just echo it right within the JavaScript, like this:
<script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function(){
          $("#jquery_jplayer_1").jPlayer({
            ready: function () {
              $(this).jPlayer("setMedia", {
                m4a: "<?php echo $file_path_m4a; ?>",
                oga: "<?php echo $file_path_oga; ?>"
              });
            },
            swfPath: "js",
            supplied: "m4a, oga"
          });
        });
  </script>

A: try this
  m4a: "<?php echo $file_path ?>",

if short tag is enable then it would be more readable
    <script type="text/javascript">
    $(document).ready(function(){
     var $filepath = "<?=$file_path?>"; //javascript variable can be start with $
      $("#jquery_jplayer_1").jPlayer({
        ready: function () {
          $(this).jPlayer("setMedia", {
            m4a: $filepath+"/filename.mp4",
            oga: $filepath+"/filename.oga",
          });
        },
        swfPath: "js",
        supplied: "m4a, oga"
      });
    });
  </script>

A: Many has said to just echo the values out. The important thing is as long as the file you're working in is interpreted by PHP you can do anything no matter what the file extension is. If the file ends in .php your server likely already does this but you could also add .js or .html files to the PHP interpreter.

A: <script type="text/javascript">
    $(document).ready(function(){
      $("#jquery_jplayer_1").jPlayer({
        ready: function () {
          $(this).jPlayer("setMedia", {
            m4a: "<?php echo FILE_PATH.filename_mp4;?>",
            oga: "<?php echo FILE_PATH.filename_ogg;?>"
          });
        },
        swfPath: "js",
        supplied: "m4a, oga"
      });
    });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As was said earlier we will now go back and look into the text a little more deeply. As you know I don't usually do things this way, preferring to take our time and probe into the things of God as we go – verse by verse.
But there is so much here. And it's overwhelming. And we are so incredibly limited! I thought it wise (mostly for my own sake I suppose) to learn the details about what happened… and then to come back for a more intense look into the profound and exquisite.
So, as we begin to do that I want to present to you just a preliminary note or two concerning the concept of the priest and the priesthood. And all we'll have time for here is a minute or two for the "essential" idea.
Israel was the people of God, the second creation of heaven and earth, and, as such, the entire nation was to approach Him in worship and adoration. However, due to its inherent and manifest depravity, a separate "nation" of domestic priests (the tribe of Levi, and especially the sons of Aaron) was set aside to perform the "priestly" function of mediation. Therefore these Levites were the representatives of the people before a holy God.
So in the simple fact of worshipping and offering their gifts to God through "representatives", the Israelites were to constantly have before them the consciousness of their "estrangement" from God.
But there was also an insufficiency of the priesthood (due to depravity). And it was expressed by their being excluded from the Holy Place (the Holy of Holies in the tabernacle and the temple). Only the chief priest (in whom the whole concept of the priesthood was concentrated) could penetrate that inner place (which was a man-made copy of the heavenly sanctuary); and that only once a year, and under the most stringent restrictions (or he would die).
He would, on that day, make atonement for the guilt of the entire people… first confessing his own sin and bringing an offering; and laying aside all his priestly garments and covering himself with white linen. Then he could come into the holy place to represent all the people there.
So the priest (Hebrew word "cohen", which means one who presents himself as the representative of another) presents atonement to God for the people, and he presents the gifts of a reconciled people; and he brings back the blessing of grace, mercy and peace from the presence of God.
So the priests of God's nation were to be taken out of the midst of the people (i.e. in close connection to the people they represented… and of the same nature as the people they represented); and they were chosen of God… not because of any special human qualities (although their obedience was required thereafter). For none had human qualifications which merited God's favor!
Now, the qualifications of the priest, and the special orders, and the anointment and the garments and the duties (especially those of the high priest) are all expressed with great care in God's Law; and they are all of immense significance with respect to the One Who was foreshadowed in it all.
Now it would certainly be edifying to go through it all. But my purpose in this today is much more limited.
It is the priesthood – the representative/mediator before God for the people, the foreshadowing of the Christ – before whom Jesus is brought for judgment!
Every law; every duty; every function of the priesthood (even down to the shape and colors and ornaments of the priestly garment) were ordained by God as figures of the coming High Priest and Mediator – Jesus Christ! And yet it is this representative of the people … this "Foreshadowing" of the One to come… who stands before a "bound" Christ as His judge!
We mustn't miss this (which must seem to us) the greatest irony of all – that God's priesthood became the judge of the very One Who they anticipated and foreshadowed for sixteen hundred years!
The entire existence and function of the priesthood was to be that which caused all the people to anticipate and hope for the High Priest of God to come. But the priesthood became – not the office which prefigured the Christ, but – the religion itself. And the two men – Annas and Caiaphas – bore the eternal dishonor of being the judges of the Christ in the fullness of time.
But having become a separate and superior "class" in society, and the focus of the religion, the priesthood thereby "perverted" all its duties and turned God's spoken Word upside down. And the people who they were to serve and to bring before God were left without mediation and representation!
And being led by blind leaders whose primary concern was self-concern, the nation degenerated. And their condition (millions of them) at the time of Christ (as we've so often described from the prophecy of Isaiah and others) was blindness and deafness and imprisonment and poverty and illness, etc; and they were ruled by pagan foreigners!
And it was into these conditions that the "Fullness" of God's Word was made flesh. The true Mediator; the Perfect Representative; the Blameless Man; the Revelation of the Truth of God… was brought in bonds before this blind, obstinate and perverted generation of priests; and they judged Him!!
He was a threat to their religion and their lifestyle; He would upset the political balance; He exposed the inconsistencies of their hypocrisy; and (most importantly) it was made evident to everyone that all the ill-effects of their blind leadership (upon the people) were being overturned (reversed!) by this Man!
So the very signs (spoken by the prophets) of the Messiah's arrival turned in them to loathing; and they set themselves to destroy Him.
So, now having been brought up to date now on the priesthood and the setting (albeit short and incomplete), we must begin to see the things here in our text through the eyes of our Heavenly Father.
And although Matthew (as was his habit) sees sufficiency in brevity, John records for us the first judicial hearing of Christ as being before Annas (the father-in-law of Caiaphas).
Where Caiaphas was the appointed son-in-law of Annas, he was only the seventh in a long line of successors in a dynasty of high priests begun by Annas (after five sons and a grandson!).
But, where Caiaphas stands as Christ's judge as the current high priest, it is Annas who stands as Christ's judge as the head of an entire family of high priests.
God isn't putting His anointed One before just one of a long line of decadent, trivial high priests; He's placing Him before the founder of a family of high priests who reigned in carnal authority with the permission of Babel and Greece and Rome! He's subjecting His Son to the entire priesthood of the flesh – which could not stand before a holy God without dying!
Annas and Caiaphas stood as the reigning priests over the dilapidated furniture of the house of Israel – the last of sixteen hundred years of the Levitical priesthood. And when the Royal High Priest of God is brought in bonds before them, they may either bow before Him in wondrous awe; or they can recoil in horror and enmity, and try to salvage some of the glory of Aaron's legacy for themselves.
But, you see, the old was in ruins and disappearing. The Reality of it all was here, and no longer was there necessity for foreshadowing. Nothing could be salvaged no matter how this last priestly family raged against the finality of it all.
They were not the representatives of the people before God; they were the representatives of a wasting and collapsing system which, by the grace of Rome, was still exacting the tithe from the nation's people.
And the stench of its rottenness wafted into the nostrils of God as His Royal High Priest stands in bonds, and is beaten and humiliated by these who chose the decayed and perverted figures of the past. The ones who were the last stood (by the decree of God) in that final hour; and they stood defiant.
Annas, the father of the priestly dynasty, and the representative of the old, dying priestly system and caste, begins to question Jesus with great cunning – seeking to know how many and how well organized are the people following him. And wanting to find out if Jesus had been secretively and mysteriously teaching them that He was Israel's Messiah… with a view to the overthrow of the existing system!
But Jesus answers with a direct reference to Isaiah twenty-nine where the prophet speaks of judgment on straying people and faithless leaders who are deaf to the Truth! And the prophet describes two groups of them… one who says, "I can't read it; the prophecy is sealed!" In other words, it's not my fault; it's inaccessible to me! Everything it says is in secret!
What the prophet says is – so the excuses are always on the outside… there is some outward problem that keeps one from hearing and believing the Truth. And Isaiah's word is that judgment will come upon them, because the problem isn't on the outside, it's on the inside! The problem isn't one of education; the problem isn't one of accessibility; the problem isn't that one can't open the book; the problem isn't one of circumstances or impediments or other people or even a judgmental God. The problem is that you will not hear! Straying people and faithless leaders will not hear!
And, you see, Jesus' answer to Annas' questions charges Annas with the prophecy of Isaiah! He refers directly to it! The people who heard Me and now follow Me know what I said! They heard Me in the synagogues and they followed Me. They heard Me in the temple… I've said nothing in secret; there is no mystery; the book of My teaching isn't sealed; the "rabble" (as you call them), from whom you've separated yourself, and who you've left in a deplorable condition, have heard what I said. And they believed, and they followed Me.
But, as Isaiah prophesied, you faithless leaders will not hear! You are a faithless leader who can't claim conditions on the outside for the fact that you will not hear! It is your lack! Everything I've said, I've said in the open to the world. Nothing has been hidden from your ears – nothing secret… nothing mysterious! The common people who you savaged as a ravenous wolf have heard. Why haven't you? Because you will not. And you, as Isaiah testifies, will not escape Divine judgment.
And thereupon an attendant, understanding Jesus' reference to the prophecy of Isaiah, slaps Him in the face and chastens Him for answering Annas in this despicable manner. And Jesus was immediately sent over to Caiaphas for trial. And I have no doubt that Jesus' answer to Annas was understood by many; and that it led further to the enragement and fury of Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin.
At least to some degree, life or death for Jesus was contingent upon His answer to the father of this priestly dynasty – the high priest emeritus. And He did not flinch from the Truth, but referred Annas back to Isaiah.
Now, finally, will you beg to be excused from this matter? Step out into the open – you who have been literally showered in preaching for the last ten or eleven years – you who have been steeped in Theology and Biblical ethics and apologetics and line-by-line exegesis of the Gospel of God!
Because when Annas (Israel, the flesh, the world order) asks Jesus who He is and what He teaches and who His disciples are, you are immediately involved in His trial! Because our Lord points to you and says, "Ask him (or her). He knows what I said?" That's troublesome and provocative, isn't it? It's dangerous to live in the "New Jerusalem"!
Now you must stop looking for excuses – for ways to escape! That's the way the world order operates. "I can't read it; it's too difficult; it's Greek to me; I'm not educated enough yet; there are others who are better at this than I am; you need to see someone older and more experienced than I am; I know what He said, but I can't explain it; I'm not good at apologetics; I don't like confrontation…" and on and on and on! All outward excuses!
But the Lord Jesus Christ has implicated you in His trial, because He has made your case His Own in the Presence of God the Father! And when He's on trial by the world order, you must give an answer! He speaks the Truth on your behalf; and you can't escape doing the same!
And what an apologetic! "Why are you asking Me what I teach? I've said nothing in secret. I've said it all out in the open. And all of these have heard Me; but you will not hear. The problem is you.
A sublime apologetic; a heavenly apologetic; a Divine apologetic. A straying people and faithless leaders will not hear. And there can be no excuses. The sound of the Gospel is everywhere (as is the Glory of God in His creation); and it is clear even to the common and the lowly! They have heard.
So the problem isn't on the outside! The problem isn't that the sound of the trumpet isn't clear; the problem isn't that there are so many "interpretations"; the problem isn't that there are so many "denominations" and sects and cults and religions: The problem is that you will not hear the Truth when He speaks! The problem is inside. It is you! That apologetic is faultless!
That's what Jesus said to Annas. And it's what Isaiah said seven hundred and fifty years before. And frustrated men, filled with anger and bitterness, and faced with Truth –all excuses having been stripped away – judged and condemned the Royal High Priest of God.
And for all eternity they will be seen in that light – by both God and men. But that same tribunal sits today – the tribunal of the world-order – and we are constantly, irrevocably drawn into the litigation! No more excuses. Speak the Truth.


I am a very energetic and enthusiastic Mother of 1, my daughter Scarlett who is 6. I love being around children and am sure I can bring many positives to a family. I enjoy cooking do not mind light cleaning / tidying duties :) I am confident in my own parenting skills . I am reliable , sensible and also fun. I think it's important for children to be passionate and busy with activities. I believe any child I was to take care for would be very happy in my company .
Hi! My name is Hannah I am twenty years old. I am currently a law student at the University of Bristol but I am back home in Sheffield for the summer. I have lots of experience babysitting, I have had regular babysitting jobs since the age of 15 and I also was a Rainbow leader. I have had work experience in two primary schools and I am also CRB checked. I play the guitar and love to cook, so if you would like me to do that that would not be an issue!
Hi I am a outgoing caring friendly 26year old I am mature and sensible and have looked after friends and family children for quite a few years. I love children and they seem to like me back. I am honest hardworking and will help in anyway that is needed while being a helper and careing but not taking the mothers role. I can help take care of children from cooking, cleaning, homework and playtime and I genuinely love doing it!
I am a mother of 5 boys and a 1st time grandma to a little boy born in february 2014. Have previously worked in a classroom setting and as a lunchtime supervisor within primary schools. I have knowledge of special needs as currently work escorting children to and from home/school. I am able to interact with children, parents/carers effectively. Willing to help children re homework and participating in games. Able to prepare snacks, meals etc. references available upon request.


text:
Il campionato europeo di baseball 1956 è stato la terza edizione del campionato continentale. Si svolse a Roma, in Italia, fra il 10 e il 15 luglio 1956, e fu vinto dai , alla loro prima affermazione in ambito europeo.

Squadre partecipanti

Risultati

Classifica finale

Collegamenti esterni
 Edizione del 1956 da www.the-sports.org

Europeo
Campionati europei di baseball
Baseball a Roma
Competizioni sportive a Roma

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Metals News
October 14, 2010 / 6:45 AM / 9 years ago
China Rare Earth shrs suspended, sells $51 mln shrs -term sheet
HONG KONG, Oct 14 (Reuters) - China Rare Earth Holdings Ltd (0769.HK) is selling 100 million new shares to raise HK$395 million ($50.9 million), according to a term sheet.
The shares were priced at HK$3.95 each, representing a 10 percent discount to the stock's last close of HK$4.39 on Wednesday, the sales document said.
The deal will have an over-allotment issue of 20 million shares and if exercised will lift the total amount raised to HK$474 million.
Trading in shares of China Rare Earth Holdings Ltd (0769.HK) was suspended on Thursday morning, pending details of the share sale, the company said in a filing to the Hong Kong bourse.
Kim Eng Securities (HK) Ltd is the sole placing agent of the deal. ($1=HK$7.758) (Reporting by Alison Lui and Jim Clare; Editing by Ken Wills)


text:
class DynamicLoaderDarwinKernel : public lldb_private::DynamicLoader {
public:
  DynamicLoaderDarwinKernel(lldb_private::Process *process,
                            lldb::addr_t kernel_addr);

  ~DynamicLoaderDarwinKernel() override;

  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Static Functions
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  static void Initialize();

  static void Terminate();

  static lldb_private::ConstString GetPluginNameStatic();

  static const char *GetPluginDescriptionStatic();

  static lldb_private::DynamicLoader *
  CreateInstance(lldb_private::Process *process, bool force);

  static void DebuggerInitialize(lldb_private::Debugger &debugger);

  static lldb::addr_t SearchForDarwinKernel(lldb_private::Process *process);

  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  /// Called after attaching a process.
  ///
  /// Allow DynamicLoader plug-ins to execute some code after
  /// attaching to a process.
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  void DidAttach() override;

  void DidLaunch() override;

  lldb::ThreadPlanSP GetStepThroughTrampolinePlan(lldb_private::Thread &thread,
                                                  bool stop_others) override;

  lldb_private::Status CanLoadImage() override;

  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  // PluginInterface protocol
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  lldb_private::ConstString GetPluginName() override;

  uint32_t GetPluginVersion() override;

protected:
  void PrivateInitialize(lldb_private::Process *process);

  void PrivateProcessStateChanged(lldb_private::Process *process,
                                  lldb::StateType state);

  void UpdateIfNeeded();

  void LoadKernelModuleIfNeeded();

  void Clear(bool clear_process);

  void PutToLog(lldb_private::Log *log) const;

  static bool
  BreakpointHitCallback(void *baton,
                        lldb_private::StoppointCallbackContext *context,
                        lldb::user_id_t break_id, lldb::user_id_t break_loc_id);

  bool BreakpointHit(lldb_private::StoppointCallbackContext *context,
                     lldb::user_id_t break_id, lldb::user_id_t break_loc_id);
  uint32_t GetAddrByteSize() { return m_kernel.GetAddressByteSize(); }

  static lldb::ByteOrder GetByteOrderFromMagic(uint32_t magic);

  enum {
    KERNEL_MODULE_MAX_NAME = 64u,
    // Versions less than 2 didn't have an entry size,
    // they had a 64 bit name, 16 byte UUID, 8 byte addr,
    // 8 byte size, 8 byte version, 4 byte load tag, and
    // 4 byte flags
    KERNEL_MODULE_ENTRY_SIZE_VERSION_1 = 64u + 16u + 8u + 8u + 8u + 4u + 4u
  };

  // class KextImageInfo represents a single kext or kernel binary image.
  // The class was designed to hold the information from the
  // OSKextLoadedKextSummary
  // structure (in libkern/libkern/OSKextLibPrivate.h from xnu).  The kernel
  // maintains
  // a list of loded kexts in memory (the OSKextLoadedKextSummaryHeader
  // structure,
  // which points to an array of OSKextLoadedKextSummary's).
  //
  // A KextImageInfos may have -
  //
  // 1. The load address, name, UUID, and size of a kext/kernel binary in memory
  //    (read straight out of the kernel's list-of-kexts loaded)
  // 2. A ModuleSP based on a MemoryModule read out of the kernel's memory
  //    (very unlikely to have any symbolic information)
  // 3. A ModuleSP for an on-disk copy of the kext binary, possibly with debug
  // info
  //    or a dSYM
  //
  // For performance reasons, the developer may prefer that lldb not load the
  // kexts out
  // of memory at the start of a kernel session.  But we should build up /
  // maintain a
  // list of kexts that the kernel has told us about so we can relocate a kext
  // module
  // later if the user explicitly adds it to the target.

  class KextImageInfo {
  public:
    KextImageInfo()
        : m_name(), m_module_sp(), m_memory_module_sp(),
          m_load_process_stop_id(UINT32_MAX), m_uuid(),
          m_load_address(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS), m_size(0),
          m_kernel_image(false) {}

    void Clear() {
      m_load_address = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
      m_size = 0;
      m_name.clear();
      m_uuid.Clear();
      m_module_sp.reset();
      m_memory_module_sp.reset();
      m_load_process_stop_id = UINT32_MAX;
    }

    bool LoadImageAtFileAddress(lldb_private::Process *process);

    bool LoadImageUsingMemoryModule(lldb_private::Process *process);

    bool IsLoaded() { return m_load_process_stop_id != UINT32_MAX; }

    void SetLoadAddress(
        lldb::addr_t load_addr); // Address of the Mach-O header for this binary

    lldb::addr_t
    GetLoadAddress() const; // Address of the Mach-O header for this binary

    lldb_private::UUID GetUUID() const;

    void SetUUID(const lldb_private::UUID &uuid);

    void SetName(const char *);

    std::string GetName() const;

    void SetModule(lldb::ModuleSP module);

    lldb::ModuleSP GetModule();

    // try to fill in m_memory_module_sp from memory based on the m_load_address
    bool ReadMemoryModule(lldb_private::Process *process);

    bool IsKernel()
        const; // true if this is the mach_kernel; false if this is a kext

    void SetIsKernel(bool is_kernel);

    uint64_t GetSize() const;

    void SetSize(uint64_t size);

    uint32_t
    GetProcessStopId() const; // the stop-id when this binary was first noticed

    void SetProcessStopId(uint32_t stop_id);

    bool operator==(const KextImageInfo &rhs);

    uint32_t GetAddressByteSize(); // as determined by Mach-O header

    lldb::ByteOrder GetByteOrder(); // as determined by Mach-O header

    lldb_private::ArchSpec
    GetArchitecture() const; // as determined by Mach-O header

    void PutToLog(lldb_private::Log *log) const;

    typedef std::vector<KextImageInfo> collection;
    typedef collection::iterator iterator;
    typedef collection::const_iterator const_iterator;

  private:
    std::string m_name;
    lldb::ModuleSP m_module_sp;
    lldb::ModuleSP m_memory_module_sp;
    uint32_t m_load_process_stop_id; // the stop-id when this module was added
                                     // to the Target
    lldb_private::UUID
        m_uuid; // UUID for this dylib if it has one, else all zeros
    lldb::addr_t m_load_address;
    uint64_t m_size;
    bool m_kernel_image; // true if this is the kernel, false if this is a kext
  };

  struct OSKextLoadedKextSummaryHeader {
    uint32_t version;
    uint32_t entry_size;
    uint32_t entry_count;
    lldb::addr_t image_infos_addr;

    OSKextLoadedKextSummaryHeader()
        : version(0), entry_size(0), entry_count(0),
          image_infos_addr(LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS) {}

    uint32_t GetSize() {
      switch (version) {
      case 0:
        return 0; // Can't know the size without a valid version
      case 1:
        return 8; // Version 1 only had a version + entry_count
      default:
        break;
      }
      // Version 2 and above has version, entry_size, entry_count, and reserved
      return 16;
    }

    void Clear() {
      version = 0;
      entry_size = 0;
      entry_count = 0;
      image_infos_addr = LLDB_INVALID_ADDRESS;
    }

    bool IsValid() const { return version >= 1 || version <= 2; }
  };

  void RegisterNotificationCallbacks();

  void UnregisterNotificationCallbacks();

  void SetNotificationBreakpointIfNeeded();

  bool ReadAllKextSummaries();

  bool ReadKextSummaryHeader();

  bool ParseKextSummaries(const lldb_private::Address &kext_summary_addr,
                          uint32_t count);

  void
  UpdateImageInfosHeaderAndLoadCommands(KextImageInfo::collection &image_infos,
                                        uint32_t infos_count,
                                        bool update_executable);

  uint32_t ReadKextSummaries(const lldb_private::Address &kext_summary_addr,
                             uint32_t image_infos_count,
                             KextImageInfo::collection &image_infos);

  static lldb::addr_t
  SearchForKernelAtSameLoadAddr(lldb_private::Process *process);

  static lldb::addr_t
  SearchForKernelWithDebugHints(lldb_private::Process *process);

  static lldb::addr_t SearchForKernelNearPC(lldb_private::Process *process);

  static lldb::addr_t
  SearchForKernelViaExhaustiveSearch(lldb_private::Process *process);

  static bool
  ReadMachHeader(lldb::addr_t addr, lldb_private::Process *process, llvm::MachO::mach_header &mh);

  static lldb_private::UUID
  CheckForKernelImageAtAddress(lldb::addr_t addr,
                               lldb_private::Process *process);

  lldb::addr_t m_kernel_load_address;
  KextImageInfo m_kernel; // Info about the current kernel image being used

  lldb_private::Address m_kext_summary_header_ptr_addr;
  lldb_private::Address m_kext_summary_header_addr;
  OSKextLoadedKextSummaryHeader m_kext_summary_header;
  KextImageInfo::collection m_known_kexts;
  mutable std::recursive_mutex m_mutex;
  lldb::user_id_t m_break_id;

private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(DynamicLoaderDarwinKernel);
};

#endif // liblldb_DynamicLoaderDarwinKernel_h_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Homomorphisms $\frac{\mathbb{Q}}{\mathbb{Z}} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Q}$ Can someone please show me a concrete example of a group homomorphism
$$ \frac{\mathbb{Q}}{\mathbb{Z}} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Q}, $$
if it exists? I apparently cannot find any of it (except for the zero homomorphism).

A: $\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}}$$\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}$Note that in $\Q/\Z$ every element has finite order, as for $a, b \in \Z$, with $b > 0$, we have
$$
b \cdot \frac{a}{b} = a \in \Z.
$$
An element of finite order must be mapped under a homomorphism onto an element of finite order. What are the elements of finite order in $\Q$?


In the past, I have written about Yale's best-of-breed Open Course initiative, which makes available 15 free courses. They're all recorded in high quality video and can be downloaded in multiple formats. You can access the full list here. Somewhere along the line (I'm not sure exactly when), Yale made these courses available on a dedicated YouTube channel, which means that you have another way to access these fine offerings. Above, I've featured a lecture on Jack Kerouac's On the Road from a course called "The American Novel Since 1945." You can find all of these Yale courses in our Free University Course collection. And, I've added the Yale YouTube channel to our list called Intelligent YouTube Collections.
I hope to help improve the quality of videos: In Robert Schiller's financial lectures the camcorder seemed to focus on Schiller's back when Schiller was pointing to data projected on the board with lasser pen and talking about those data, it's frustrating not to be able to see what's on the board…Robert Schiller is a good-looking gentleman but perhaps more screen time can be given to the board?


I heard recently that 99% of all new music bought was released in the previous 18 months. I think that's stupid. People should go back and listen to the classics, but apparently they don't.
There are also many albums from the past that aren't classics but are really very nice, and would make low-risk purchases for jaded listeners who want something fresh but don't want to risk shelling out a lot of money for the fad of the moment.
This article is devoted to albums of the second type - very good albums that never gained a following or the accolades that they deserved. You could think of it as a "most underrated albums" list, except that I've tried to exclude true masterpieces that have obtained some following, even a small one. These are albums that were never great enough to make anyone fanatical, but have shown their staying power. This first rule for the list is a bit subjective, and there have been some judgment calls (for example, I excluded Anacrusis, Eucharist, Haggard, Mithotyn, October Tide, Tourniquet, and Yearning on the grounds that they are not obscure enough, but others may disagree).
Abyssos - Fhinsthanian Nightbreed (1999) - An album of the style I like to call ULTRAmelodic extreme metal. This isn't "melodic" in the sense that it has a few hooks here and there scattered amidst crunchy brutal riffs. This album is founded on melody - fast, complex dual guitar harmonies and solos everywhere. If Dragonforce covered Naglfar, it might sound a bit like this. A one-man project.
Armageddon - Crossing the Rubicon (1997) - How many people are familiar with this side project of the Amott brothers? I'm guessing not many, since their albums are only released in Japan nowadays. This melodeath album, despite its short length, is possibly better than anything Arch Enemy has ever done.
Believer - Sanity Obscure (1990) - This technical thrash/death outfit was limited in their appeal somewhat by their Christian outlook, although the lyrics are generally not at all preachy and are in fact rather well done. I think this album almost qualifies for masterpiece status, but how many people know about it? Great Blasphemer/Jan-Mikael type of music. Dimensions (1993) was a jazzier, stranger album with a metal symphony in three movements and could also be included on this list.
Cemetary - Last Confessions (1997) - A 28-minute EP stocked with amazing songs. Just really heavy, really catchy tunes with a slightly ironic, devil-may-care attitude. A classy album that is by far the band's best work - most of their other stuff is too slow-paced.
Daylight Dies - Idle (2000) - No Reply didn't make much of a splash, so people still don't seem to know this band well. Idle was a really great melodic death metal album with a strongly melancholic side a la Katatonia. There are really just three full songs on this EP, but it is really worth buying anyway. Only one of them was later lifted for No Reply.
Deathrow - Life Beyond (1992) - An awesome technical thrash album with riffs aplenty. This CD used to sell for $200 on ebay before it was reissued. The more technical, chaotic Deception Ignored (1988) could also fit on this list. Why Coroner was more popular than this band I'll never understand.
Dismal Euphony - All Little Devils (1999) - Not a masterpiece by any means, but a very pleasing, unusual album all the same. Difficult to describe, but it's melodic, grim, and bizarre without being avant-garde. I really think any metal fan who listens to this album will end up enjoying it, although I don't see an outpouring of grief over the band's demise.
Dreams of Sanity - The Game (2000) - Now this band deserved an outpouring of grief at their demise, but they unaccountably seem to be almost unknown among progressive, gothic, and metal fans. The music (progressive gothic metal with femme vox) is perhaps near the lighter edge of metal, but it's just so damnably well done that anyone who can't get into this is deaf, dumb, and blind. Masquerade (1999) could also be on this list. Miles better than anything Edenbridge has produced.
Lothlorien - The Primal Event (1998) - Longtime writers and readers of this site know all about this album, so I won't say anything more about it.
Mekong Delta - Dances of Death (And Other Walking Shadows) (1990) - I've never stopped singing the praises of this seemingly defunct technical thrash band. Delicious riffage abounds on all their albums, but this and The Music of Erich Zann, Kaleidoscope, and Visions Fugitives are particularly worthy. The band's catalog is a real treasure trove if you strike it first in the right spot.
Mercury Rising - Upon Deaf Ears (1994) - I remember this CD made a huge splash in progmetal circles when it came out, but that splash died down very quickly. It deserves a nod now and again as one really damned good progmetal album, quite a bit heavier than most of what goes by that name. A bit like Fates Warning's Guardian album, but more "modern."
Misanthrope - Visionnaire (1998) - Another underrated Holy Records band. This album and Immortal are both very good melodic death metal albums with unusually frenetic (and at times gorgeous) piano and keyboard playing.
On Thorns I Lay - Orama (1997) - Similar to Septic Flesh, but doomier and more atmospheric. None of OTIL's other albums come close to touching this one.
Persuader - The Hunter (2000) - Power metal on steroids. Fast, exuberant, melodic, even virtuosic at times. I've only heard one song from their second album so far, and it doesn't compare.
Saviour Machine - Saviour Machine (1993) - While well known in the gothic scene, they are not well known among metalheads. This, their debut album, was their heaviest and in my view best. Definitely worth picking up - gothic metal before the term existed.
Scanner - Ball of the Damned (1997) - At one time this band was moderately well known, but they fell off the face of the earth, then came back with a mediocre effort (Scantropolis). This is really good power metal with sci-fi themes. Definitely recommended for any power fan.
Sculptured - The Spear of the Lily Is Aureoled (1998) - One of The End Records' first releases. Not a masterpiece or anything, but it's intriguing avant-garde death-ish metal with jazzy moments. I enjoy the piano playing in particular. Their next album, Apollo Ends, was inferior to this one. I've heard that they will be releasing their third album soon. About time!
Sobre Nocturne - Serpentine Dreamweaver (1999) - Potrokh disagrees with me, but I think this is exceptional symphonic metal, right up there with Therion and Haggard.
Solstice - New Dark Age (1998) - Solstice started out as Solitude Aeturnus worship, but on this album they really came into their own. Enthralling epic doom metal that should appeal to any metal fan who enjoys the drama of a perfectly introduced and executed guitar harmony.
Veni Domine - Fall Babylon Fall (1992) - If you like metal in the classic style, you really can't miss this album. A bit doomy, definitely epic, a cross between Candlemass and Queensryche but possibly better than both on this one amazing effort.
White Skull - Tales from the North (1999) - Just another faceless power metal band, right? Not so fast. Their other work fails to impress, but this album for some reason just has really good songwriting. Not a masterpiece, but a no-brainer purchase for power metal fans.


text:
module TokyoMetro::Factory::Convert::Common::Api::StationFacility::BarrierFree
end


According to regulatory disclosures recently filed by the company, Bausch & Lomb has now been named as a Defendant in 573 product liability lawsuits involving the now permanently withdrawn ReNu® with MoistureLoc® Multi-Purpose Solution. Most of these cases were filed in various state and federal courts throughout the United States by individual contact lens-wearers who suffered eye infections after using the defective ReNu with MoistureLoc product. Reportedly, 308 of these lawsuits are now consolidated before one judge, the Honorable Shirley Kornreich, with the Supreme Court of New York, New York County. Most of the state court cases were filed in New York because that is where the office headquarters of Bausch & Lomb is located. More than 200 federal cases have now been consolidated before one federal court in Charleston, S.C. as part of a federal procedure known as "Multi-District Litigation" (MDL). The presiding judge currently handling all federal cases with the MDL is the Honorable David C. Norton, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division. Judge Norton will oversee all discovery and other pretrial matters of the federal cases which, as of August 14, 2006, are consolidated as In Re Bausch & Lomb, Inc. Contact Solution Products Liability Litigation, MDL 1785. In part, the federal cases were consolidated in the U.S. District Court in South Carolina because the manufacturing facilities where the ReNu with MoistureLoc product was made and distributed are located in Greenville, S.C. Some analysts have estimated that Bausch & Lomb could face potential liabilities in the ReNu product liability cases of $1 billion or more. In May 2006, Bausch & Lomb permanently withdrew its ReNu with Moisture Loc product from all U.S. and global markets.
Products liability attorney Daniel Ragland is currently handling one of the federal cases which was consolidated within the MDL located in Charleston, South Carolina. That lawsuit, Patricia Fuller v. Bausch & Lomb, Inc, was initially filed in the U.S. District Court, N.D. Ga, Atlanta Division, on July 16, 2007.
Ragland Law Firm, LLP Files Lawsuit in an Atlanta Federal Court Against Bausch & Lomb on Behalf of a Woman Who Contracted a Fusarium Kerotitis Infection after Using the Company's ReNu with Moisture Loc Product.
There are over 30 million users of contact lenses in the United States, and by 2006, about 2.3 million of them reportedly used the ReNu with MoistureLoc product to clean, sterilize and/or store their lenses. Beginning in April 2006, with a case filed in federal court in Miami, dozens of meritorious product liability lawsuits have already been filed by consumers claiming that Bausch & Lomb failed to adequately test the product prior to starting sales in 2004. More importantly, these lawsuits claim that the ReNu with MoistureLoc product is defective and that Bausch & Lomb failed to timely warn U.S. consumers of the risks of Fusarium Keratitis despite significant evidence of a link between use of ReNu with MoistureLoc and a dramatic rise in the incidence of these fungal eye infections. Punitive damages are sought in many of these cases on grounds that Bausch & Lomb acted recklessly in concealing information from the FDA and consuming public, and acting much too slowly to protect consumers by delaying in its initial recall and subsequent withdrawal of the product.


text:
uid: BenchmarkDotNet.Samples.IntroArgumentsPriority
---

## Sample: IntroArgumentsPriority

Like Params also Argument columns can be sorted in the table result through their `Priority`. The priority should be defined only once for multiple Arguments and will keep their inner order as they are defined in the method.

### Source code

[!code-csharp[IntroArgumentsPriority.cs](../../../samples/BenchmarkDotNet.Samples/IntroArgumentsPriority.cs)]

### Output

```markdown
|        Method |  b |   A | c | d |     Mean |   Error |  StdDev |
|-------------- |--- |---- |-- |-- |---------:|--------:|--------:|
| ManyArguments |  ? | 100 | 1 | 2 | 103.4 ms | 0.09 ms | 0.08 ms |
|     Benchmark |  5 | 100 | ? | ? | 105.5 ms | 0.21 ms | 0.19 ms |
|     Benchmark | 10 | 100 | ? | ? | 110.5 ms | 0.14 ms | 0.14 ms |
|     Benchmark | 20 | 100 | ? | ? | 120.4 ms | 0.16 ms | 0.15 ms |
```

### Links

* Priority BaseClass [`PriorityAttribute.cs`](xref:BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes.PriorityAttribute)
* @docs.parameterization
* The permanent link to this sample: @BenchmarkDotNet.Samples.IntroArgumentsPriority

---


text:
Russ Names His Top 5 Rappers & Producers, Wants Artist To Create Painting Of Them
HolyRedoFoxHolyRedoFox
The "who's your top five?" question in hip hop is a conversation starter that has a tendency to turn into a heated debate no matter what it's referencing. Top five albums? Top five collectives? Top five features? Hip hop fans take ranking quite seriously, and rapper Russ took to Twitter to share his top five artists and producers. He wanted to reach out publicly to any visual artists out there who could put together a Last Supper-style painting and the responses were dripping with talent.
"I need a painting of j Cole drake nipsey Kanye and Eminem all together for my house. That's my top 5. Who got me?" Russ asked before adding, "Also add these producers to it too. Storch. Dre. Kanye. Boi1da. Timbaland. Those my top 5 producers in no order. I need the painting on some last supper GOAT sh*t."
It looks as if Russ will have more than enough options to choose from and we look forward to seeing what he comes up with for his artistic collaboration…but let's get back to the topic of his Top Fives. Do you think that J. Cole, Drake, Nipsey, Kanye, and Eminem are deserving of the position? And how about his choices for producers? Are Scott Storch, Dr. Dre, Kanye, Boi-1da, and Timbaland the best beatmakers in the game?
Logic Says Entire Wu-Tang Clan Is Featured On "YSIV" Album
Cam Newton Opens His Very Own Cigar Bar In Atlanta
Blac Chyna's Mom Says "Baby Dream" Should Be In Rob Kardashian's Custody
Cassie Posts IG Live Of Diddy, Are They Reunited?
Uncle Fat Joe Is In Awe Of Remy Ma & Papoose's Golden Child
Meek Mill Pleads With Judge To Not Be Questioned About Concert Shooting
Jennifer Lopez's Latest IG Post Is All About Her Famous Butt: "Not Your Average Peach"
Before Kim Kardashian and Blac Chyna were around, there was Jennifer Lopez. JLo can be considered one of the OG's for big-booty lovers around the world. When nobody was showing…
Hip Hop Album Sales: Lil Baby's "Harder Than Ever" Makes Big Billboard 200 Debut
Lil Baby's latest effort, Harder Than Ever, has made its Billboard 200 debut at #3 for the week ending May 24. Elsewhere on the chart, South Korean boy band BTS and their latest…
Jay Rock Overcomes His Injuries In "Road To Redemption" Episode 3
February 15th, 2016, the same night that Kendrick Lamar was accepting the Best Rap Album Grammy for his magnum opus, To Pimp A Butterfly, his friend and label-mate, Jay Rock, was…


We're so excited to launch this month's charity campaign. We wrote a full post here about why we picked The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. Take a minute to read over it and feel free to post any of the facts on your own social media platforms!


Fluency MC is Jason R Levine. He is an English teacher, teacher trainer, "knowledge entertainer" and creator of the English Workout Method. He has taught English and given workshops in 14 countries over the past 18 years. Jason has taught people of all ages and cultures, from children and teenagers to university students and executives of international companies. He is currently doing Rhyme On Time student workshops at schools across Europe with Gallery Languages. He also coaches and trains NNESTs (Non-Native English Speaker Teachers) online and at schools worldwide.
Fluency MC w Polsce juź w październiku 2018!
During the workshop, students practice English in a fun and stimulating way. Jason performs and interacts directly with students using the songs and videos he has created specially for English learners. The workshop is highly motivating. It gets students excited to practice English and helps them build the communicative skills they need to become accurate and fluent speakers. It also makes it easier for them to remember vocabulary and difficult features of grammar and pronunciation.
Zachęcamy Państwa do przećwiczenia piosenek z uczniami przed spotkaniem z Fluency MC lub wykorzystania jako zadanie domowe przed warsztatami.


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text:
Pomegranate Peel Benefits
Sku: SD1261
However, the combination treatment of PE and LGG filtered spent broth (SB) was the most effective in reducing triglyceride content and intracellular lipid accumulation. The mRNA expression levels of the main transcriptional
The beneficial effects of pomegranate are due to the ellagitannins and anthocyanins content, which are protective toward a wide variety of diseases including inflammatory diseases. Many investigators have reported that pomegranate waste (peel and seeds) extracts, made from waste product of industrial processing, show free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant capacity. Pomegranate extracts (PEs) were also reported to possess noteworty antibacterial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities thanks to the polyphenolic compounds content, which includes punicalagins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives.
The focus of the present manuscript was to study the prebiotic potentiality of a PE, soluble in water, and characterized through HPLC–PDA–ESI/MSn for its phenolic content. Moreover, since it has been reported that pomegranate extracts decreased the level of lipids in the blood and that a number of probiotic strains have been shown to affect adipogenesis in cell culture, this study was also performed to test the in vitro effects of PE and probiotic L. rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 strain (LGG) on 3T3-L1 cell line. PE and probiotics substantially reduced the triglyceride content and intracellular lipid increase, compared to the control group.
However, the combination treatment of PE and LGG filtered spent broth (SB) was the most effective in reducing triglyceride content and intracellular lipid accumulation. The mRNA expression levels of the main transcriptional factors implicated in adipocyte differentiation were substantially lower in 3T3-L1 cells treated with PE and LGG filtered SB. These results evidenced that a synergistic effect of probiotics and polyphenols contained in PE may affect in vitro adipogenesis and may contribute in development of new nutraceutical/probiotic-based remedies to prevent and to treat obesity.
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The first book of its kind, Gender & Rock introduces readers to how gender operates in multiple sites within rock culture, including its music, lyrics, imagery, performances, instruments, and business practices. Additionally, it explores how rock culture, despite a history of regressive gender politics, has provided a place for musicians and consumers to experiment with alternate identities and ways of being. Drawing on feminist and queer scholarship in popular music studies, musicology, cultural studies, sociology, performance studies, literary analysis, and media studies, Gender & Rock provides readers with a survey of the topics, theories, and methods necessary for understanding and conducting analyses of gender in rock culture. Via an intersectional approach, the book examines how the gendering of particular roles, practices, technologies, and institutions within rock culture is related to discourses of race, sexuality, age, and class.


text:
Q: Derivative of $f(x) = x^5$ using the definition. Let $f(x)=x^5,$ and $\quad P(1,1)$ $(a = 1,\text{ and } f(a) = 1)$.
$$\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{f(a+h) - f(a)}h \implies\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{(1+h)^5 - 1}h=\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{1}h((1+h)^5-1)$$
After This I'm lost. I don't know how to handle $x^5$.
I know it's simple, but I can't find anything to help me.
What am I missing?

A: Hint:
Take $l = h + 1$ then $l \to 1$ as $h \to 0$ and
$$\lim_{l\to 1} \frac{l^5 - 1}{l -1}$$
Use $l^5 - 1 = (l-1)(l^4 + l^3 +l^2 +l + 1)$.
Can you get it from here?

A: I think instead of the double-headed arrow you want an equals sign. Anyway, expand (1+h)^5 using one of these methods:
1. binomial theorem
2. Pascal's triangle in conjunction with the binomial theorem
3. Simply multiply all the factors of (1+h)(1+h)(1+h)(1+h)(1+h) together.
Or use a theorem to get the answer:
4. By the "power rule" for derivatives, the limit should be 5a^4 when a=1.

A: From the binomial theorem,
$$(1 + h)^5 = \sum_{i=0}^5 \binom{5}{i} h^i = 1 + 5h + h^2\sum_{i=2}^5 \binom{5}{i} h^{i-2}$$

A: Binomial theorem: $(x+y)^n = \sum_{i = 0}^n \binom{n}{i} x^i y^{n-i}$. Thus $$(h+1)^5 =\\ \sum_{i=0}^5 \binom{5}{i} h^i =\\ \binom{5}{5}h^5 + \binom{5}{4}h^4 + \binom{5}{3}h^3 + \binom{5}{2}h^2 + \binom{5}{1}h + \binom{5}{0} =\\ h^5 + 5h^4 + 10h^3 + 10h^2 + 5h + 1$$
You can also calculate $(1+h)^5$ directly just by using $n^{a+b} = n^a n^b$ and $c(a+b) = ca + cb$ repeatedly. For example you probably know that $(x+1)^2 = x^2 + 2x + 1$. So then $(x+1)^5 = (x+1)^2 (x+1)^3 = (x^2 + 2x + 1)(x+1)^3 = x^2 (x + 1)^3 + 2x(x+1)^3 + (x+1)^3$, etc.


text:
SDCC2019: DC Collectibles showcases new toy line!
HomeComicsDC ComicsWorld's FinestWorlds' Finest #23 Review
World's Finest
/Kittrel
/DCDC comics newsdesaadnew 52power girlThe HuntressWorld's Finest #23
Worlds' Finest #23 Review
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WORLDS' FINEST #23 (Paul Levitz, RB Silva & Yildiray Cinary) is the perfect place for new readers to start so far.
Hot on the heels of the last issue's revelation of a stable way for our homesick heroes exists, Worlds' Finest #23 starts out by offering a good and stable jumping on point for new readers.
More than anything, that's how this issue feels, like a story that knows it doesn't have to be filled with big moments.
Where the last several issues have been an attempt to wrap up part of the storyarc that's been consistent from Issue #1, this issue feels like a massive set up for what's going to come next.
Make no mistake – if you're just coming onto Worlds' Finest this is so far your best shot to do so.
The way Paul Levitz has handled the story over the last twenty issues has worked in an almost TV procedural kind of way, with a lot of disparate things coming together over separate issues before paying off. I know following books that want the reader to stay focused from the very first issue can get kind of tiring, so it's nice to see Levitz breaking out from the rest of the New 52 (They're still new, right?)
You can really tell that since Levitz started on this series, he's kind of had to grow into the way he writes Helena and Karen. More so than any other character, it's gotten a lot easier to see he's fitting into writing Power Girl more. We're starting to see her character break out from the kind of wide-eyed fame monster that she began as when the series started.
One of the things I always liked about Power Girl was even though she had this kind of no-nonsense attitude, she still had fun with what she did. With the series going twenty issues long now, we've gotten
to see a lot of the playful side of Power Girl, but not the buckled down no-nonsense side.
The biggest thing I can say about the way this issue is written has to do with that – last issue Power Girl finally got to deal with some real adversity and now she's really starting to pick up that aforementioned serious demeanor. Worlds' Finest can almost feel like a character focus story than a Superhero book at times, which is hardly a bad thing.
Comparatively, Helena's had a lot more room to grow in her private and public lives than Power Girl has. This issue in particular is a pretty even split between focusing on what The Huntress and Power Girl are both doing separately, and starts to dangle the plot thread that DeSaad brought up when he was re-introduced several issues ago, popping up once more here.
Bonus points to the art team for sticking with Desaad's design that seems to have come from the cover of a Disturbed album more than it ever has before.
Where they especially shine is how they've managed to stick with the dual nature of Karen and Helena's two different worlds. When Helena is on a page by herself, the palette immediately darkens and characters become so steeped in shadows they're practically swimming in them. RB Silva and Yildiray Cinar have really been able to effectively use Helena's silhouette in her costume as The Huntress over the last couple issues and their familiarity with it becomes more and more evident with each issue.
Likewise, anytime Karen is the focus of the book whether she's in her bodystocking or not, the panels warm up with softer, warmer colors. Even Starr Labs, Karen's research facility is colored with permeating soft-orange. Worlds' Finest has managed to imbue the worlds that both protagonists inhabit with a lot of character, while still keeping the focus only ever on the two leads, which is where its strength lies.
One of the things that's jumped out to me most in the New 52 is really evident in this issue; which has been the presence of multiple artists working on non-flagship titles.
Though this can often be a positive, it can sometimes be pretty jarring – especially when one artist' work gels well with the work of the colorist and the other doesn't.
Even if the book's managed to use silhouettes and shading really effectively, characters features still have this glassy super-digital art look to them.
It wouldn't even be so much of a pain if the book didn't suddenly drop the ultra-reflective art style for several pages near the end when we see Power Girl break into a government facility and have the ending of the book look twice as good as the introduction pages. If the art team's work was more solid throughout the entire issue it'd reflect a lot more positively on the series. Puzzlingly, the cliffhanger the issue ends on is hilarious if you've been reading the series from the start, maybe reflecting the issue's role as a starting point. Where I can see it being used as a moment to define Helena's character for new readers to the series – the decision to use a really common superhero trope that she's dealt with almost effortlessly anytime it has been used in the series beforehand is pretty goofy.
Likewise, even though almost nothing happens in Helena's story in the issue – it's still a lot more exciting than watching Karen lift heavy things and then eventually fly somewhere.
Switching back and forth between two lead characters works for some stories, but those stories work because the events each character deal with are genuinely exciting.
When this issue is following Karen, even for this story nothing entertaining happens, I'm just waiting to see what The Huntress is up to.
Worlds' Finest #1 is a serviceable jumping on point for new readers – but shouldn't really be taken as anything more than that.
The beginning of this series took a really long time to gain traction before it started tying everything together.
It was around that time we saw Karen and Helena start to really shine as characters. There's a slight hint that this may be the case all over again with the way DeSaad is re-introduced and then forgotten by the end of the book, leaving just a hint of his presence on the story. Hopefully Silva learned over his tenure on the series as it started how to build a story more effectively, and we'll start ramping up right away when the next issue rolls around.
Tags:DCDC comics newsdesaadnew 52power girlThe HuntressWorld's Finest #23
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Review: CONSTANTINE #14
The First Trailer of The CW's "The Flash" Debuts
Kittrel
Hi! I'm Sam Kittrel. I write for my personal projects over here at http://skelesam.blogspot.com and I mainly write for DCNews on the side. My favorite comics currently are Moon Knight by Declan Shalvey and Warren Ellis & Hawkeye by Matt Fraction and David Aja
DC Panels At SDCC 2019
DC Is Offering Limited-Edition Variants at SDCC


text:
Giridih ist ein Distrikt im indischen Bundesstaat Jharkhand.

Die Fläche beträgt 4962 km². Verwaltungssitz ist die gleichnamige Stadt Giridih.

Geschichte
Bevor der Distrikt im Dezember 1972 gegründet wurde, war er Teil des Distrikts Hazaribag. Der Distrikt gehört heute zum naxalitisch-kommunistisch beeinflussten "Roten Korridor".

Bevölkerung

Übersicht
Die Einwohnerzahl lag bei 2.445.474 (2011). Die Bevölkerungswachstumsrate im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2011 betrug 28,41 % und lag damit sehr hoch. Giridih hat ein Geschlechterverhältnis von 944 Frauen pro 1000 Männer und damit einen für Indien häufigen Männerüberschuss. Der Distrikt hatte 2011 eine Alphabetisierungsrate von 63,14 %, eine Steigerung um knapp 19 Prozentpunkte gegenüber dem Jahr 2001. Die Alphabetisierung liegt damit allerdings immer noch weit unter dem nationalen Durchschnitt. Knapp 75,9 % der Bevölkerung sind Hindus, ca. 20,8 % sind Muslime, ca. 0,6 % sind Christen, ca. 0,1 % sind Jainas, und ca. 2,6 % gaben keine Religionszugehörigkeit an oder praktizierten andere Religionen. 18,8 % der Bevölkerung sind Kinder unter 6 Jahre.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung
In den ersten Jahrzehnten des 20. Jahrhunderts wuchs die Bevölkerung langsam. Grund hierfür waren Seuchen, Krankheiten und Hungersnöte. Seit der Unabhängigkeit Indiens hat sich die Bevölkerungszunahme beschleunigt. Seit 1961 war in den jeweils zehn Jahren zwischen den einzelnen Volkszählungen ein sehr starkes Wachstum zu verzeichnen. Während die Bevölkerung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts um rund 64 % zunahm, betrug das Wachstum zwischen 1961 und 2011 227 %. Die Bevölkerungszunahme zwischen 2001 und 2011 lag bei 28,35 % oder rund 540.000 Menschen. Die Entwicklung verdeutlichen folgende Tabellen:

Bedeutende Orte
Insgesamt zwölf Gemeinden zählen als Städte (towns und census towns). Allerdings gibt es nebst dem Hauptort Giridih mit Barki Saraiya laut der Volkszählung 2011 nur einen weiteren Ort mit mehr als 10.000 Bewohnern. Dies widerspiegelt den geringen Anteil an städtischer Bevölkerung im Distrikt. Denn nur 208.024 der 2.445.474 Einwohner oder 8,51 % leben in städtischen Gebieten.

Volksgruppen
In Indien teilt man die Bevölkerung in die drei Kategorien general population, scheduled castes und scheduled tribes ein. Die scheduled castes (anerkannte Kasten) mit (2011) 325.493 Menschen (13,31 Prozent der Distriktsbevölkerung) werden heutzutage Dalit genannt (früher auch abschätzig Unberührbare genannt). Die scheduled tribes sind die anerkannten Stammesgemeinschaften mit (2011) 238.188 Menschen (9,74 Prozent der Distriktsbevölkerung), die sich selber als Adivasi bezeichnen. Zu ihnen gehören in Jharkhand 32 Volksgruppen. Mehr als 5000 Angehörige zählen die Santal (199.131 Personen oder 8,14 % der Distriktsbevölkerung) und Kol (12.213 Personen oder 0,50 % der Distriktsbevölkerung).

Bevölkerung des Distrikts nach Bekenntnissen
Der Distrikt Giridih hat zwar eine deutliche hinduistische Mehrheit. Doch gibt es eine starke islamische Minderheit und eine kleinere Minderheit von Anhängern der traditionellen Religionen.

Der Bevölkerungsanteil der Hindus schwankt in den einzelnen Blocks zwischen 55,67 % im Block Gande und 85,35 % im Block Sariya. Die muslimischen Hochburgen sind die Blocks Dhanwar (26,87 % Muslime) und Gande (32,42 % Muslime). Aber auch in den Blocks Birni, Dumri, Giridih und Jamua sind noch jeweils mehr als 20 % der Einwohnerschaft Muslime. Nur schwach vertreten sind sie dagegen im Block Pirtanr mit 8,33 % Bevölkerungsanteil.

Große Minderheiten von Anhängern der traditionellen Religionen gibt es in den Blocks Bengabad, Gande und Pirtanr mit Anteilen zwischen 8,78 % und 10,61 %.

Die genaue religiöse Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung zeigt folgende Tabelle:

Bildung
Dank bedeutender Anstrengungen steigt die Alphabetisierung. Sie ist dennoch noch weit weg vom Ziel der kompletten Alphabetisierung. Typisch für indische Verhältnisse sind die starken Unterschiede zwischen Stadt und Land sowie den Geschlechtern. Rund sechs von sieben Männern in den Städten können lesen und schreiben – aber weniger als die Hälfte der Frauen auf dem Land. Seit der Gründung des Bundesstaats Jharkhand hat sich die Einschulungsrate deutlich erhöht. Mittlerweile gehen laut Angaben des Bundesstaats Jharkhand rund 95 % der Kinder im entsprechenden Alter in die Grundschule. Dies hat zu einem deutlichen Anstieg der Alphabetisierung zwischen 2001 und 2011 geführt.

Weblinks
Karte des Distrikts

Einzelnachweise

Distrikt in Jharkhand


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WIN 2015
48 Proceedings Winter 2015–2016 www.uscg.mil/proceedings The Respondent Was Tested for a Dangerous Drug. The Coast Guard should frst prove the urine collector is prop- erly trained and authorized to collect urine specimens. If the collector is trained to the DOT drug-testing standard per 49 CFR Part 40, Subpart C — Urine Collection Personnel, this is done in the same manner as a 46 CFR Part 16 case. The Coast Guard need only produce the collector's training certifcates or training records. If the collector is not trained to the DOT drug-testing stan- dard, the Coast Guard will need to prove the collection was conducted in substantial compliance with 49 CFR Part 40, Subpart C, by whatever documentation and testimony is available, including the drug testing custody and control form. It is important to note that 49 CFR §40.47 prohibits using CCFs for non-federal urine collections. The Coast Guard must also prove that the collector affrmatively identifed the mariner by whatever means possible, preferably in sub- stantial compliance with Part 40 rules. The Respondent Tested Positive for a Dangerous Drug. Just as when proving this element for a USCG-mandated chemi- cal test, the Coast Guard leans heavily on the laboratory and MRO to prove this element for a marine employer-mandated chemical test. Since the testing is not necessarily in compliance with 46 CFR Part 16, the meaning of "to fail a chemical test for dangerous drugs" has an altered meaning. In a marine employer-mandated test the Coast Guard will need to prove: • the chemical test analysis was conducted in substantial compliance with 49 CFR Part 40, and • an MRO reported the result as "positive" because the chemical test indicated the presence of a dangerous drug at a level equal to or exceeding those established in 49 CFR Part 40. The Coast Guard will introduce and offer into evidence the laboratory's copy of the CCF to show that the chain of custody matches the collector's copy, indicating the chain remained intact. Again, once it is established that the chain of custody remained intact, the Coast Guard will ask the ALJ to take "offcial notice" of the current list of Health and Human Services-certifed laboratories and instrumented initial test- ing facilities that meet minimum standards to engage in urine drug testing for federal agencies. However, if the laboratory is not approved, then the Coast Guard must establish that the science used to analyze the specimen is reliable and probative of drug use. Unlike testing requirement (46 CFR §16.250). This evidence must be reasonable, articulable, and based on direct observa- tion of specifc, contemporaneous physical, behavioral, or performance indicators of probable use. Where prac- ticable, this belief should be based on the observation of the individual by two persons in supervisory positions. The Burden of Proof for a Non-USCG Drug Test The aforementioned appeal decisions 2697 and 2704 not only lay out the course for proving a charge of use of a dangerous drug based on a USCG-mandated chemical test, they also open the door to proving a charge of drug use based on a marine employer-mandated chemical test. Appeal Decision 2704 stated that, for these tests: • the employer is not acting as an instrument or agent of the government, • the constitutional harms that Part 16 seeks to avoid are absent, and • the Coast Guard may place in evidence facts that tend to show drug use in order to prove a charge in accordance with 46 CFR §5.35. 11 Jurisdictional Element: For a marine employer-mandated chemical test, the jurisdictional elements are identical to those for a USCG-mandated chemical test. To prove jurisdic- tion, the Coast Guard need only prove that the mariner was issued an MMC and it is valid at the time of the hearing. Factual Elements: Proving the frst two factual elements for a marine employer-mandated chemical test is very similar to proving those elements for a USCG-mandated chemical test. The Coast Guard supports this law [46 USC §7704] through its suspen- sion and revocation program, where investigating of f icers work dili- gently to determine the best means for moving forward when notified of a failed drug test. With the cooperation of marine employers who also desire to pro- mote marine safety, the Coast Guard is able to ensure a safer day at sea for all.
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