text:
Un Granadero es un soldado especializado cuyo empleo principal era arrojar y manejar granadas de mano. La introducción de las granadas al arsenal militar hizo estimar necesaria la creación de los granaderos, originalmente seleccionando soldados particularmente fornidos, macizos y de brazada amplia, dado su rol usualmente al frente del regimiento. Avances como la invención del lanzagranadas y posteriormente de las granadas propulsadas cambiaron el rol del granadero en batalla, en la actualidad teniendo más roles ceremoniales o de élite.

Orígenes
Parece seguro que su origen viene del ejército francés, donde al principio tuvieron escasa reputación pero en tiempo de Luis XIV adquirieron los granaderos mayor estima. En 1667, al decir de los franceses, para desalojar al sitiado del camino cubierto en los ataques de las plazas fuertes, se eligieron por compañía cuatro hombres robustos y valientes, armados con hacha, sable y mosquete, llevando un saco de doce granadas que se llamó granadera. En 1670, se formó una compañía independiente; después se agregó una a cada regimiento y, luego, una a cada batallón, de modo que empezando entonces a usarse el mosquete con bayoneta, se armó primero de esta suerte a las compañías de granaderos que al resto de la infantería.

Adquirieron pronto gran favor los granaderos que aceptaron todas las naciones de Europa, aunque sea digno de notarse que en 1690 confesaban ya los mismos franceses que el papel de los granaderos empezaba a declinar por causa de la utilización del fuego por descargas en detrimento de las propias granadas. De forma más alejada de Europa Occidental, se usaron soldados que serían englobados dentro de ellos, principalmente en Rusia y en el Imperio Otomano, que darían origen a la infantería moderna de morteros y bazookas, pues usaban un impreciso cañón muy pequeño al cual se le cargaba la granada y la disparaban a un máximo de 150 metros. A pesar de todo, fueron más impopulares que los granaderos, y generalmente se les usaba como unidades de auxilio a la artillería, en vez de infantería, pues de hecho rara vez se les entregaban fusiles.

Desarrollo

En 1685, se mandaron organizar en España compañías de granaderos y así se recogió en la Real orden de 26 de abril de aquel año, establecida por Carlos II. Felipe V al dictar la segunda Ordenanza de Flandes de 10 de abril de 1702, constituyendo el ejército español a imitación del francés, dispuso que en cada batallón de trece compañías hubiese una de granaderos, mantenida por las compañías restantes. El capitán y los oficiales de granaderos debían haber servido con reputación y tener la edad y robustez necesarias para soportar la fatiga de marchar a pie. Y en cada compañía del batallón, el capitán de granaderos elegía los soldados que mejor le parecían para formar la suya.

Modificada la organización de la infantería, se dispuso en 28 de septiembre de 1704 que hubiese una compañía de granaderos en cada regimiento de doce compañías y en 20 de abril de 1715, al constituirse la infantería en regimientos de dos batallones, se agregó una compañía de granaderos a cada batallón. Creada la infantería ligera en el año 1754, se organizó esta en batallones de cazadores en que no había granaderos, subsistiendo una compañía de este instituto en cada batallón de línea de igual forma que antes. En las milicias provinciales, se instituyeron soldados granaderos por orden de 1 de agosto de 1735, disponiéndose que en cada compañía hubiese quince de aquellos elegidos. Después, por una Real adición de 28 de febrero de 1736 a la Ordenanza de 31 de enero de 1734 que reorganizó las milicias provinciales, se constituyeron definitiva y permanentemente las compañías de granaderos en los regimientos de aquellas tropas de reserva, pudiendo en circunstancias determinadas subdividirse cada compañía en dos, una de las cuales formaba a la derecha y otra, a la izquierda del regimiento. Más tarde, se dispuso que en cada batallón de milicias provinciales hubiese una compañía de granaderos y otra de cazadores.

A todo esto, los granaderos habían adquirido gran reputación y eran objeto de distinciones en todos los ejércitos de Europa, mirándose sus compañías como agrupaciones de preferencia, donde se reunía gente selecta mandada por oficiales de gran crédito. Y no contentándose con las fracciones de granaderos organizadas en Francia y otros países, Federico Guillermo III de Prusia creó un batallón de granaderos compuesto de cinco compañías sin que esto excluyera la existencia de compañías de granaderos en otros cuerpos de la infantería, las cuales solían reunirse los días de combate para formar batallones escogidos. El padre del célebre Federico II el Grande formó hacia mediados del  batallones de gigantes que el gran monarca utilizó luego hábilmente.

Las distinciones y preferencias que se venían otorgando en España a los granaderos fueron confirmadas por las Ordenanzas de 1768 según puede verse en el tratado I que trata de la organización de los cuerpos de infantería. Los granaderos eran en aquella época, como lo fueron posteriormente, hombres de escogida talla. Pero conviene notar que en dichas ordenanzas se estimaba que debían ser tenidas en cuenta para su selección cualidades de índole moral además de las meramente físicas. Principios semejantes a los determinados en la Ordenanza de 1768 siguieron imperando en mucha parte del  y a pesar de que no se comprendía bien la existencia de compañías de granaderos que no cumplían ningún fin práctico esencial, lo cierto es que la tradicional rutina continuó imponiéndose por mucho tiempo. Y como no parecía suficiente juntar los granaderos en compañías, diversas disposiciones prevenían que se reuniesen aquellos en batallones como el Real decreto de 26 de agosto de 1802 que mandó juntar las compañías de granaderos para constituir un batallón en cada brigada, el cual se disolvía cuando terminaba el ejercicio o acción para el que las brigadas fueron formadas, y el reglamento de 1 de julio de 1810 por cuyos preceptos se constituyeron permanentemente para las atenciones de la guerra de la Independencia ocho batallones de granaderos.

Cuerpos de granaderos activos

Colombia
Al servicio de la Policía Nacional.
Ante la necesidad de salvaguardar la comunidad y garantizar la convivencia ciudadana, dada la inexperiencia de La Policía Nacional en sistemas Militares, que afectaban ostensiblemente las unidades policiales y los alrededores de los cascos urbanos, fue necesario enviar a entrenarse a la Escuela de Lanceros del Ejército Nacional de Colombia a un personal de la Policía Nacional. Quienes al terminar la capacitación conformaron un Grupo de Instructores con el fin de capacitar a los miembros de dicha institución, para contrarrestar el avance delincuencial. Como consecuencia de lo anterior, la Dirección de la Policía Nacional expidió la Resolución n.º 03636 del 6 de noviembre de 1963, por la cual se crea el Curso de Granaderos, con sede en la Escuela de Policía Gabriel González ubicada en el municipio del Espinal Tolima, con el fin de preparar a los Oficiales y Suboficiales de la institución como comandantes de patrullas de combate...

Alemania
La Compañía alemana de Granaderos del Ejército blindado (Panzergrenadier) es el rango más bajo en la rama Panzergrenadiere que presta servicio en la infantería mecanizada. Además «Granadero» es el grado inferior en el Batallón de la guardia (Wachbataillon).

Argentina

El Ejército Argentino todavía mantiene una unidad de reconocido prestigio como es el Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo, cuenta con algo más de 1000 hombres y mantiene Destacamentos en Yapeyú, San Lorenzo, Los Talas, Casa de Gobierno y Residencia Presidencial de Olivos. Sirve como escolta presidencial y unidad de guardia ceremonial. El fundador del Regimiento y oficial al mando fue el Padre de la Patria, héroe nacional, general José de San Martín. A diferencia de la mayoría de las otras unidades que llevaron el título de «granaderos», los Granaderos argentinos son una unidad de caballería y siguen utilizando los caballos para los desfiles. Al mismo tiempo, forman parte de los actos oficiales del gobierno de la nación Argentina y a su vez, por disposición del entonces presidente José Figueroa Alcorta en 1907, recibieron la designación oficial de escoltas del Presidente de la Nación.

Bélgica

El ejército belga conserva dos regimientos de granaderos con sede en Bruselas. Creada por primera vez en 1837 de las unidades derivadas de la infantería de línea durante la guerra de independencia, estas tropas sirvieron con distinción en ambas guerras mundiales. En tiempos de paz tuvieron un papel ceremonial sirviendo de Guardia Real.

Canadá

El Organismo Canadiense de los Granaderos es una de las mayores unidades que sirven en la reserva de Canadá, que aún continúa en la actualidad, tanto en su papel de reserva como de guardia ceremonial en el Rideau Hall (Residencia oficial del monarca y el Gobernador Canadiense), entre otros lugares de importancia simbólica.

Chile

El Regimiento Escolta Presidencial n.º 1 «Granaderos» constituye la unidad de presentación del Ejército de Chile y tiene la misión de escoltar al Presidente de la República en las ceremonias públicas más importantes, tales como el discurso del 1 de junio, el Te Deum Ecuménico de Fiestas Patrias, la Parada Militar y el cambio de mando presidencial. El regimiento del que depende este escuadrón fue creado en 1827 y en 1840, tras la guerra contra la Confederación Perú-Boliviana (1836-1839). Recibió como premio a su actuación en dicho conflicto bélico el honor de cubrir la guardia presidencial, labor que desempeñó hasta 1862. En dicha fecha el «Granaderos» fue enviado a la zona de Angol para participar en la llamada «Pacificación de la Araucanía», permaneciendo allí hasta 1879. Luego de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883), vuelve a Santiago y ocupa su cuartel frente al Palacio de La Moneda y se le destina al servicio de guardia de palacio. En 1982, el regimiento fue enviado a prestar servicio en la localidad de Putre. Finalmente en 1999 se ordena su traslado a la Guarnición Militar de San Bernardo, recibiendo, por tercera vez en su historia, la misión de escoltar al Presidente de la República y constituir la unidad de presentación del Ejército. Actualmente su cuartel se encuentra en el Campo Militar San Isidro, en la ciudad de Quillota, donde antes funcionaba la Escuela de Caballería Blindada.

Ecuador

Los Granaderos de Tarqui son un grupo especial del Ejército ecuatoriano, que conforma la guardia de honor del presidente del Ecuador y lo escolta a pie y a caballo en las grandes ceremonias del Estado. Custodian el Palacio de Carondelet, sede del Gobierno en Quito.

India

Los Granaderos son un regimiento del ejército de la India, antiguamente conocido como la cuarta Compañía de Granaderos de Bombay cuando formaban parte del ejército británico de la India.

Italia

El antiguo regimiento de Granaderos de Cerdeña (Reggimento Granatieri di Sardegna) es actualmente parte de la brigada de Infantería Mecanizada con el mismo nombre en el ejército italiano. Esta unidad tiene antecedentes históricos en el Regimiento de Guardias fundado en 1659 y se compone fundamentalmente de voluntarios que prestan servicio por un año. Los Granaderos italianos desfilan en ocasiones ceremoniales. En el  vestían uniformes azules y tocados de piel. El regimiento de Granaderos de Cerdeña es en la actualidad (2010) el regimiento de infantería del Ejército italiano con dos batallones (el primero «Assietta» y el segundo «Cengio» batallones de granaderos), y es probable que en un futuro próximo el segundo batallón se separe para volver a activar el Regimiento de Granaderos de Cerdeña.

México

En México, los Granaderos eran unidades de policía especializadas en tareas antidisturbios y otras funciones de seguridad pública interior.

Noruega

En el ejército noruego, el granadero (en noruego: «Grenader») se utiliza como un rango por debajo de sargento, para distinguir a los soldados profesionales de los reclutas. Los granaderos son empleados para puestos que requieren más experiencia y/o la presencia profesional. Las unidades totalmente profesionalizadas, como el Batallón de Telemark, sirven como fuerza de acción rápida en las operaciones internacionales.

Países Bajos

El moderno Ejército neerlandés mantiene un regimiento de Granaderos de la Guardia, quienes conservan el tocado de piel de oso del . Este regimiento se ha fusionado con la Guardia Jager para formar los Granaderos «Garderegiment en Jagers».

Reino Unido

Los «Guardias Granaderos» es el más antiguo de los cinco regimientos de guardias de prestigio en pie; todos éstos conservan la piel de oso como tocado originalmente asociado con granaderos.

Suiza

En el ejército suizo se denominan Granaderos a las Fuerzas Especiales de élite. Se utilizan para operaciones especialmente difíciles y son instruidos en Isone, una región aislada y montañosa en el sur de Suiza. Los Granaderos suizos están especializados en guerras urbanas, guerras de guerrillas, operaciones antiterroristas, tácticas de comando, misiones de francotirador, combate cuerpo a cuerpo, y otras operaciones especiales.

Cultura popular
Durante la Guerra de la Independencia Española, los granaderos fueron custodios y realizaron guardia de honor a la imagen de la Virgen de los Dolores en diversas poblaciones españolas, sustituyendo al arma de Artillería. Tras ella, se mantuvo la tradición y pasaron a formar parte de las cofradías de la Semana Santa Marinera, representando a aquellos Granaderos del Ejército Francés que, en uniforme de gala, daban escolta a la imagen de la Madre Dolorosa en la Procesión del Santo Entierro, así como la Agrupación de Granaderos Marrajos en Cartagena (Murcia).

Véase también
 Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo General San Martín
 Marcha Granadera

Referencias

 El contenido de este artículo incorpora material del Diccionario Enciclopédico Hispano-Americano del año 1892, que se encuentra en el dominio público

Enlaces externos
 Compañía de Granaderos del Tercio de Montañeses Unidad de Recreación histórica argentina que revive las acciones del Cuerpo de Voluntarios Urbanos homónimo, durante el período de las "Invasiones Inglesas", a la ciudad de Buenos Aires.
 Un día en la vida de los granaderos de Casa Rosada Rutina usual ceremonial del cuerpo de Granaderos asignado a la Casa Rosada

Infantería
Antiguas ocupaciones militares


text:
Port Elizabeth of Yore: Erica Girl's School – The Early Years
By Dean McCleland in Port Elizabeth of Yore May 29, 2018 9 Comments
The establishment of the Erica School is a pointed example of what is possible when one person has the passion and determination to achieve their goal. In the case of the Erica School, it was a young woman of 26 who exuded this zeal and an almost fanatical determination, despite patriarchy being the dominant social norm.
The name of this trailblazer was Mary Anne van Wyk. The reasons for this intensity and forbearance is not particularly clear; suffice to say that she displayed an apparent timidity which concealed "a brave independence and an inflexible adherence to duty."
Main picture: Erica School building
Born in Clanwilliam, as a child she bore her fair share of raising her infant step-brothers and sisters. This did not preclude her from devoting every spare moment to studying. Perseverance in the face of difficulties would have daunted many of her peers. As such she was clearly a woman beyond her time, a superwoman, if you will, as her dedication to her studies knew no bounds. She successfully passed the Cape University Matriculation Examinations and she qualified as a teacher shortly after turning 21.
According to the booklet Erica Girl's Primary School 1883 – 1983, "Miss van Wyk's first appointment was to the Girl's Seminary in Uitenhage, originally known as Riebeeck House (Riebeeck College), on the corner of Church and Cannon Streets, and she very soon earned a reputation for outstanding ability in her chosen profession."
It is not very clear why Miss van Wyk relocated to Port Elizabeth in 1881. Perhaps it was now that she desired to translate her pipe dream into a tangible reality. Initially she resided at Kenmore House and then subsequently at No 40 Upper Richmond Hill Road. This is not far from No. 35 Irvine Street where she discovered the hall at which she opened her private school in 1883. This hall still stands today. The name that she selected to call her school was the Red Erica, a heath with flowers of glowing scarlet which grew in abundance nearby. This hall is still known by this name to this day.
Erica Hall at 35 Irvine Street, Richmond H
At the time of the establishment of this school, Port Elizabeth was already adequately serviced by four other schools to serve Port Elizabeth's burgeoning population of 33,000. The first to be established in 1856 was the Grey Institute in Belmont Terrace overlooking the Donkin Reserve. This school had two offspring, or satellite campuses, North End Grey founded in 1863 and South End Grey – now Victoria Park – established in 1874. Independently of these institutions, the Collegiate School for Girls was also established in 1874. Even though the other schools could probably service the schooling needs, the probable reason for the Erica's establishment was that Miss van Wyk perceived a niche in that the closest girls school was Collegiate School for girls in Bird Street.
It was shortly after opening her school that Miss van Wyk moved into a small cottage at No. 56 Mackay Street. Little did she know but this cottage would become her permanent residence. It was ideally situated as the Hall was located in the street behind her accommodation.
With the torrid growth of Port Elizabeth, the number of pupils at the Erica School steadily increased. With almost messianic zeal, Miss Van Wyk imbued the girls with her own high standards. In turn, reciprocity prevailed as the pupils enthused with affection and admiration for her.
52 Mackay Street, Richmond Hill
1898 was also to be a seminal year for Erica School when Miss van Wyk consented that the Erica School be incorporated as part of the Grey Institute. The staff included 4 educators and 115 pupils – 87 girls and 28 boys. Boys were enrolled by parents whose sisters attended Erica as well as to relieve congestion at the Junior Grey School. The last of the boys left in 1958. Erica was recognised by the Education Department of the Cape Colony as a First-Class School for Girls.
In the Annual Report of the Grey Institute dated 17th February 1899 for the year ended 31st December 1898, the Board of Management of the Grey Foundation recorded that:
Road test of a Traction Engine in Albany Road with Erica School in the background
"A private school for girls, known as the Erica School, has on the recommendation of the Superintendent-General of Education been taken over by the Board, and now forms part of the Grey Institute in a rapidly increasing part of the Hill [Richmond Hill]."
By 1900, the increase in the number of pupils and the fact that Erica Hall had not been built as a school, resulted in overcrowding. To provide additional accommodation, rooms in semi-detached houses – now numbers 52 and 54 Mackay Street – were adapted to serve as temporary classrooms. These extemporised classrooms were officially opened by Superintendent-General, Dr. Muir, in July 1900.
In his address, Dr. Muir was extremely complimentary regarding Miss van Wyk's diligence and solicitous manner and paid tribute to her achievements in making Erica Girl's School the success that it had become. He attributed the achievements of the school solely to the ability and character of Miss van Wyk. Dr Muir concluded his address by wondering aloud – possibly presciently – whether on his following visit to Port Elizabeth he would be asked to open a building of a different character, more suited for use as a school with twice the number of teachers.
Finally he recalled his first visit to Erica School and especially the reception that he was accorded by Miss van Wyk. Perhaps with tongue in cheek he characterised it as being treated as an errant schoolboy kept waiting outside the door as if he was a spy. After some cajoling and perhaps even some flattery and smooth talking, he was admitted. Despite the auspicious welcome and a hasty visit, it did culminate in Dr Muir being convinced that Miss van Wyk embodied the qualities as head of a girls' school. She did make amends by pledging her allegiance to the Department which enabled him to promise in turn that as long as he was involved, he would support the teachers.
Group photographs of Erica School pupils taken in front of either 52 or 54 Mackay Street.
Boys at Erica
Like all good intentions or policies, they are foredoomed to modification or outright scrapping as the realities of operationalising them is attempted. So it was with the girls' only policy. Miss van Wyk's avowed policy was that one of the characters of the Erica School would be that it would operate as a girls' only school. When the parents with small boys who resided in the vicinity prevailed upon Miss van Wyk to accept them as scholars, she obliged. Miss van Wyk might have been strict but she was no harridan. The only caveat was that boys would only be allowed as pupils from Sub A to Standard 3. This policy was applied until 1930 and again after WW2 when it was decided to admit boys from Sub A to Standard 1. This was only an interim measure in order to relieve congestion at the Junior Grey School. The last of this cohort was to leave Erica in 1958.
Cooper's Kloof in 1856 by RH Rocke AN 136 84
Buildings, pupils, teachers et al
All three houses – 52, 54 and 56 Mackay Street, as distinct from the Erica Hall itself, were owned by Miss van Wyk. Apart from superficial changes, these three houses are largely the same as what they were in those far-off days.
In 1889, the school employed four full-time teachers and their enrolment was 115, of which 28 were boys up to Standard 7. In addition, there were visiting and itinerant teachers who taught subjects such as Singing, Drawing and Drill. The school hours were from 8h40 to 13h20 but were later amended to 8h30 to 13h30.
Albany Road in 1865
Inspector's Report
At the turn of the century, the Inspector's Report on the Erica School makes various comments about its operation. Below are three extracts which illustrate the difficulties under which teaching was performed in the Erica Hall in Irvine Street.
"The rooms are altogether overcrowded, and the work is very much hampered on this account. Considering that three teachers work in one room, the discipline is very good and the results satisfactory."
"Despite the difficulties under which the teachers are labouring, it is a pleasure to visit this school. It should be pointed out, however, that teachers are severely handicapped by having one huge unwieldly room where several classes have to be taught or rather shouted at by more than one teacher at a time. There were six classes in the room being taught by three teachers and in a small room 20 foot by 12 foot, there were 42 infants."
"The most capable staff do good work under impossible conditions, thanks to the energy and health of the teachers."
Ushering in a new age
This was a watershed moment as the report by the Rector of the Grey Institute, Mr W. Chubb Meredith, mindful of the gross overcrowding of the Erica School, issued a report in December 1899 to the Board of Management of the Grey Foundation in which he sets out his concerns and the proposed solution. In this regard, he wrote as follows:
"With regard to the Superintendent-General's remark on the need for new buildings – the truth of which is apparent to all who have seen the Erica School at work – I have to report that a site not far from the present position of the School has been granted to the Board of Management by the Town Council, and that plans are now being prepared for such a school as will meet the requirements of the neighbourhood for a long time to come"
The highly significant words "a site not far from the present position" was a veiled reference to a piece of ground overlooking Cooper's Kloof, modern day Albany Road.
Red Erica flower
Miss Mary Anne van Wyk
Miss van Wyk's diligence had been rewarded. She had dared to dream and, with every fibre in her being, striven to achieve that dream. How ecstatic she must have been when she accompanied the Rector and the Standing Committee on an in loco inspection of the proposed site. As the group stood on the brow of the hill overlooking the once strong stream which flowed in this wooded kloof, pride must have welled in Miss van Wyk at such an idyllic location. Gazing further out, they would have spied a menagerie of sailing and steam ships at anchor in the bight of Algoa Bay. Even further out, in the shimmering haze, the rocky peak of St Croix island would have been visible. Her cherished pipe dream had finally transmogrified into a tangible reality.
Perhaps it was this singular effort which had impaired her health but whatever it was, Miss van Wyk was compelled to take a term's leave in April 1902. When she resumed working, the constant demands on her time and energy were taking a heavy toll on her health.
As the summer leaves first changed from their spritely green to a more subdued green and then into bright reds and oranges and then finally shrivelled and fell to the ground so did the last of the autumn Erica flowers fade on Richmond Hill. In sync with this sequence so did Mary Anne van Wyk fade away, finally passing away in her home, Erica Villa, in Mackay Street at the tender age of 46 years and 7 months. A sombre mood swept the pupils both at the sad news but also at the passing of summer into winter.
Opening the new Erica School building in November 1903
Miss van Wyk's contribution to education was immortalised in the many tributes that were bestowed upon her by the press.
"Yesterday morning early, 19th April 1903, Miss van Wyk, Principal of the Erica School, passed away. Few women, if any, have left a greater imprint upon Port Elizabeth. In her manner, she was most genial, was loved by the teachers and children, whilst the parents had the fullest confidence in her, and no teacher under the Grey Board carried her sympathies and confidence more than did Miss van Wyk. Her memory will long be cherished, and it will be difficult to fill her place. We understand that the funeral takes place from her late residence, Mackay Street, this afternoon at four o'clock, and that the various schools under the Grey Board will close at one o'clock today."
"The wide-spread grief at the demise of Miss van Wyk, the Lady Principal and founder of the Erica School, was made the more manifest yesterday afternoon (20th April 1903) at the obsequies [funeral right] of the deceased lady. The remains were placed in the school room yesterday and prior to moving off, a short but impressive service was held at which all the deceased's assistant teachers and pupils attended. The cortège started at four o'clock, preceded by nearly all the school children and teachers, neatly dressed in black and white, many of them carrying bunches of white flowers. Following the hearse were the pall-bearers. His Worship the Mayor (J.C. Kemsley Esq.), Mr W. Chubb Meredith, M.A., Rector of the Grey Institute High School, Mr. D.M. Brown, Mr. D.M. Whyte, Mr J.W. Goldsbrough and Mr. A. Baldie. Amongst the large number of other gentlemen and friends who showed their regard for the deceased lady by following her mortal remains to their last resting place, were the representatives of other schools and the Grey Institute Board of Managers, among whom were Mr John Daverin, Mr. George Brown, Mr W.T. Morgan, Mr M. Gates, Mr. D. M Brown junior, Mr Taylor, Principal of the North End Grey Institute, Mr Bollen, Principal of the South End Branch, Mr. Le Cornu and Mr. McCleland. Miss Pride, Lady Principal of the Girls' Collegiate College, were also present.
Slowly proceeding down Mackay Street and Main Street, the cortege reached the North End Cemetery where a simple but impressive service was conducted by Mr Alfred James Pudney, and the service terminated with the singing by the children of that well-known hymn commencing 'Here we suffer grief and pain; here we meet to part again.'
Ironically the grave does not bear her name.
This is a timely reminder not only of the esteem that society used to place on the teaching profession but also of the important role that diligent, hard-working people perform in uplifting society.
And Miss van Wyk was clearly one of those.
The new improved Erica School
The arrangements for the opening of the new Erica School were made by the Chairman of the School Board, Mr. J.W. Goldsbrough and Messrs G.M. Brown and J.W. Atkinson.
A rather lengthy account of the opening of the school was furnished in the Thursday 5th November 1903 edition of the Eastern Province Herald.
"Yesterday (4th November 1903) saw the public official opening of the new handsome and commodious Erica School, the ceremony being performed by Dr. Muir, the Superintendent-General of Education. There was a large attendance of the public present, principally, however, composed of ladies, the hour, four o'clock, being rather inconvenient for businessmen to leave their office.
Erica School
Among those we noticed were His Worship the Mayor, Mr J.C. Kemsley, Reverend J. McRobert, Reverend W. Dower, M.M. Loubser, D.M. Brown, J. Daverin, J. Wynne senior, J.W. Goldsbrough, K. Turner, E. Rowling, T. Morgan, D.M. Whyte, Inspectors Milne and Cuthbert, W, White-Cooper (Architect), D.M. Brown junior (Secretary), Mrs J.C. Kemsley, Miss Muir, Miss Pride (Ladies' Collegiate School), the teachers of St. Paul's School and the Sisters of Nazareth Home.
A guard of honour, formed by cadets of the Grey High School under the command of Captain Chubb Meredith, with Lieutenants Rowley and Oliver, and the Sergeant-Major McCall, P.A.G (Prince Alfred's Guard) drill instructor, fell in at the old Erica School in Irvine Street, and marched to the new building, forming up at either side of the main entrance. The lads looked smart and trim in their neat blue uniforms, and the precision with which they obeyed the word of command and handled their carbines, reflected much credit in their instructor. The children of the Erica School, who had also formed up at the same place, marched with their teachers to the new school, and were arrayed in lines in front of the entrance. The staff of the school is composed as follows: Miss W Smith L.L.A. of St. Andrew's, certified teacher, Chichester Training College, England; Vice-Principal, Miss A.H. Wright, Intermediate B.A; Kindergarten Mistress, Miss Buchanan; Assistants, Misses Oettle, Hitzeroff and Gedye.
The school house which is a handsome building based somewhat upon the Old Dutch style of architecture, is a large commodious structure, standing on Richmond Hill, overlooking Cooper's Kloof, and is a credit to the Grey Foundation. On either side are gables with extended wings, surmounted with a handsome clock tower and vane, the highest point of which is 68 feet above the ground, the tower itself being 22 feet above the roof. This is called the Van Wyk Clock Tower, and will be a permanent memorial to the late principal, Miss van Wyk. The clock to be placed here is the one at present surmounting the Town Hall, and will be illuminated.
The old Erica School for Girls & now the PE College
The front of the building faces west, while the back overlooks the Bay. Both sides on each elevation are the same. The colour of the building will be cream and white, forming a pleasant contrast to the red tile roof. On the front elevation the two main entrances give admittance by means of wide stone steps, to a porch and from there into a hall 20 feet by 10 feet. On the right on the one side and the left on the other are lavatories and cloakrooms each 21 feet by 9 feet, and between these is the Kindergarten classroom 44 feet by 9 feet, which is entered by means of a passage off the hall.
Raised steps in tiers have been constructed along the one side of this room for the desks and the pupils, while facing them is a large blackboard on the wall extending the whole length of the room, while the desks are marked with squares etc. for the better instruction of the pupils. In the centre are folding doors constructed on the concertina plan, by means of which the room can be divided into two classrooms if necessary, a door through the partition giving admittance from one to the other.
At the back is a large classroom, which can readily be converted into a hall for concerts etc., also divided by folding doors on the same plan as previously explained. The room is 62 feet by 30 feet. On the same floor is another classroom 25 feet by 18 feet and a teachers' room fitted with a fireplace for the convenience of the staff, and on the opposite side the cooking room with stove and all the accessories necessary for the teaching of the art of cookery, and also a library. The first floor is reached from both front and back by means of handsome staircases. On this floor in the centre are two large classrooms 22 feet by 20 feet, while on the landing are large cupboards 6 feet by 2 feet and 7 feet high for the reception of school necessaries. This floor projects at the back over the first floor , thereby giving cover in the basement to a large playground 64 feet by 30 feet with asphalt floor for use in wet weather, which is railed in all round with fancy railings.
In the basement there is also a storeroom 18 feet by 12 feet and a pupil teacher's room 24 feet by 18 feet, all asphalt floors. All the classrooms are fitted with blackboards on the wall facing the scholars, and extending the whole length of the room. The school will be surrounded by a 9 inch brick wall, with 18 inch piers with plastered brick coping, the wall being 6 feet in height, the entrance being fitted with 10 feet iron gates. This wall will be painted to match the school.
The desks are from the Bennett Furnishing Company, London. The work reflects the highest credit upon the architect, Mr W. White-Cooper, of Grahamstown (this expert on school buildings was also responsible for the design of the North End Grey School, which was officially opened on 20 July 1900 by the Superintendent-General of Education, Dr. Muir) , and upon the contractor, Mr H.J. Beckett, both of whom have carried out their work to the entire satisfaction of Dr. Muir and the Board of Managers, the former of whom is loud in his praise of the work. Mr. J. Winter was the Clerk of Works.
The Opening Ceremony
The Mayor standing in the porch proceeded to speak in the very highest terms of the noble work done by the late Miss van Wyk in the interests of education in Port Elizabeth, and especially in connection with the Erica School. It was mainly due to her influence that the great developments in this school had taken place.
He went on to offer a most hearty welcome to Dr. Muir, and expressed his admiration for the stand he had taken in connection with education. Mr. J.W. Goldsbrough, Chairman of the School Board, requested Dr. Muir to open the school, at the same time handing him a silver key as a momento from the Board of Managers of the occasion. The key was inscribed as follows: 'Presented to Dr. Muir, Superintendent-General of Education, on the occasion of his opening Erica School, Port Elizabeth, 4 November 1903.'' The key was the work of Messrs. A. Fischer & Company. Dr. Muir then declared the school open, upon which three cheers was given.
The attractive red roof of the old Erica Building has a cute little turret feature, and the moon nestled up to it
The company then assembled in the large hall, which is called the Van Wyk Classroom. Here a tablet being raised by the past and present pupils will be hung, as also an enlargement of Miss van Wyk's photo presented by the Board of Management, both as memorials to the late Miss van Wyk. These will be unveiled at a later date."
"The scholars attired in neat white frocks, and each carrying a small bouquet presented by Mr A. Baldie, were seated in front, immediately behind the cadets. Miss A. Wright then charmingly presented Miss Muir with a lovely bouquet which was gracefully acknowledged. Reverend J. McRobert having offered up a prayer, the Mayor briefly introduced Dr. Muir.
[As an aside, the photograph of Miss van Wyk was subsequently unveiled at a small ceremony held on the 16th August 1904 in the presence of most of the Board members. This memorial tablet was later relocated from the Van Wyk Classroom to the foyer of the new Erica Building, in Mount Croix.]
The Old Erica School-Detail of entrance door
Dr. Muir's Address
Dr. Muir, who was received with applause, expressed himself as exceedingly pleased to hear the Mayor's remarks concerning the late principal of the school. He wished to add a word in addition, because it was the fine character he perceived in Miss van Wyk on the occasion of his first visit to her school that led him to induce her to come under the same umbrella as the other schools in the town…..the Grey Management, and said he was very pleased to hear that her name was to be associated with part of the new school.
Referring to school music, he complimented Mr. Goldsbrough on the impetus he had given to this branch of education in Port Elizabeth….. He then complimented the architect, Mr. White-Cooper, in most flattering terms on his work, both regarding the Erica, and the many other schools he had designed in the Colony, and also expressed his pleasure at the manner in which the contractor had carried out the work."
The Old Erica School-Detail of gable and chimney
The Erica School was now set on next voyage of its life. Storms would beset it and the doldrums would becalm it, but the school would sail ever onwards to its destination, the preparation of it's passengers to handle the vicissitudes of life.
Booklet entitled Erica Girls' Primary School 1883 – 1983 by Miss Myra Conradie who was a Vice-Principal of the Erica School
Port Elizabeth: A Social Chronicle to the end of 1945 by Margaret Harradine (2004, Historical Society of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth)
https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=7246
The Erica Girl's School: A Brief Early History by Tennyson Smith Bodill
Tags Dr MuirErica SchoolIrvine StreetMackay StreetMiss van Wyk
Port Elizabeth of Yore: The Telegraph and Telephones
Robert Leslie McCleland reminiscing about his Ancestors
Jan de Klerk
May we please use and edited version of this essay (with necessary acknowledgement) on our Richmond Hill website?
rhsra.co.za
Dean McCleland
Hi Jan
Go ahead. Just acknowledge that the source is the blog.
Do you perhaps have old photos of the Erica School that I could use.
Please email them to deanm@orangedotdesigns.co.za
Hi Dean
Thank you! Will do that.
Unfortunately no, nothing else on the school. Will share with you when I find anything.
If you find anything, please email me at deanm@orangedotdesigns.co.za
ellen (nee Lurie)Ettinger
I was a pupil at Erica in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Miss Juby was the wonderful Headmistress who I believe married and retired to Hogsback and the amazing Edith Brandt was one of my teachers. Each morning we queued in the 'quad' with our tin mugs and a wonderful elderly gentleman filled them with fresh milk. It was an outstanding school.
I was a pupil at Erica in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Miss Juby was the wonderful Headmistress who I believe married and retired to Hogsback and the amazing Edith Brandt was one of my teachers. Each morning we queued in the 'quad' with our tin mugs and a wonderful elderly gentleman filled them with fresh milk. It was an outstanding school.4RLH
I too attended Erica from 1959 to 1965. I remember the beautiful building and how we played in the plantation at break time just outside the school until the playgrounds were built. Teachers who taught me were Miss Burnett, Miss Hurter, Miss Morris, Miss Gouws, Mrs Brandt,Mrs Daniels and Mrs Young. What a wonderful school and wonderful memories.
I was there 1962 1963 1964, sub A B and std 1. Miss Jubie was the headmistress. Miss Heartsleaf became mrs Winter, sub A teacher. Miss Smails was my Sub B teacher and Miss Burnett std 1. I was very happy there. Beautiful school. Yes, I remember playing in the bluegum plantation. The milk at break was aweful, they used to water it down to make it go further, but the guava juice was great. We wore those huge panama hats.
ellen ettinger (Lurie)
I had commented earlier above but also remember Miss Dwyer, Miss Alcock,Miss Pedersen and of course Edith Brandt – all wonderful teachers as well as Miss Green who was a sadist and slapped and terrified us. Wonderful grounding for life. All happy memories.
Leave a Comment. Cancel reply
Notice: It seems you have Javascript disabled in your Browser. In order to submit a comment to this post, please write this code along with your comment: a972d48bd04ba34e8b84d1aa5fee1a26

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are very happy to be providing Security and Stewarding services to the fabulous Magical Lantern Festival after we provided our services to Jurassic Kingdon at Temple Newsam Park throughout October.
The Lantern Festival is at Roundhay Park Leeds and is open to the public from 23rd November until 2nd January. Last years event had a footfall over 100,000 visitors over the 6 week period.
We have had security staff deployed since late October, who have all worked very well and also will be covering nearly 5000 hours!
At the event there is a tipi bar, santa's grotto, fairground rides as well as the amazing lanterns.
© Copyright 2017. Controlled Space Limited. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Buyer Beware: The Internet of Things Comes Under New Cyber Attack from Multiple Fronts
December 16, 2020 / Jason G. Weiss and Amy Dunn
It is estimated that by the end of 2020, there will be more than 50,000,000,000 (yes, billion) connected devices that are part of the Internet of Things (IoT). This is a five million percent increase in IoT devices over the last 20 years. Most of these devices are designed and manufactured for use in homes and vehicles or are wearable devices. These devices include everything from home security cameras to baby monitors, thermostats, car ignition starters, smart watches and even medical devices, such as pacemakers. There are literally thousands of different types of IoT devices that integrate into almost every aspect of your home and work life.
Cyber Attackers Threaten COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution Chain
December 8, 2020 / Jason G. Weiss and Peter Baldwin
As COVID-19 vaccine approvals and eventual distribution kicks into high gear, there has been a corresponding – and not particularly surprising – increase in cyber threat activity targeting both vaccine producers and other companies involved in the vaccine distribution chain. Most notably, "cold chain" companies responsible for safely storing and transporting the vaccines have been targeted. The problem has become so severe that both the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) recently issued a joint security alert on December 3, 2020 highlighting the risk to the coronavirus vaccine distribution chain.
Follow Faegre Drinker
Visit the Faegre Drinker website
Email address (required):
Pharma/Life Sciences
HHS/OCR
©2021 Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP. All Rights Reserved. Lawyer Advertising.
We use cookies to improve your experience with our website. By browsing our site, you are agreeing to the use of cookies. For more information about how we use cookies, please review our privacy policy and cookie policy. OK


text:
The Sixties Scoop ( Scoopster's)
Connecting The 60's and 70's Scoop with information
Family Service Act/ Manitoba
Geneology / Manitoba
How To Get Started On Finding Your Family
Immigration / Jay's Treaty
Looking for your Family – Ad's
Obtaining A Summary of Your CFS File
Reunion: What you need to know about rejection
The Indian Act.. This part of the Indian Act is about Status card.
Treaty Card Questions and Answers
Lawsuits for 60's Scoop
Indian and Metis Scoop 60's Scoop Class Action / Merchant Law
Klein Lyons 60's Scoop Lawsuit British Columbia
Ontario 60's scoop lawsuit
Saskatchewan -Class-action lawsuit filed on behalf of '60s Scoop' children
The Sixties Scoop Lawsuit / Mercant Law Group
60's Scoop Lawsuit British Columbia
British Columbia 60's Scoop Lawsuit Notice of Civil Claim
British Columbia 60's Scoop Lawsuit Requirements
THE SIXTIES SCOOP
AIM Adopt Indian Metis -Giving Children White Parents.
AIM Program
AIM- Living in Limbo
ARENA – The Adoption Resource Exchange of North America
CANADA: The 60s Scoop: The Repatriation Process
Sixties Scoop – Child Labour
The Sixties and Seventies Scoop
The Sixties Scoop -Thirty years late
The Sixties Scoop: How Canada's "Best Intentions" Proved Catastrophic
The Stolen Generation
What is the 60's and 70's Scoop
Documentaries / Films / Videos
Coleen Rajotte / Confronting The Past
Perspectives on Child Welfare: 60's Scoop
Red Road Documentary (Ocangu-sa )
Red Road Documentary – Needs Funding
Fire Talk Productions
ReZ Radio 101.7
Karen Chevillard – How Do You Mend A Broken Child
Marlene's Story Poem
Marsha Reany – Today My Spirit Cries
Richard Wagamese – We Need Warriors
Ringo Fiddler Artist
Todd DeVries – ith kil gaa — haida weaver
The Stolen Generation, the 60's Scoop
The 60s Scoop refers to the adoption of First Nation/Metis children in Canada between the years of 1960 and the mid 1980's. This period is unique in the annals of adoption. This phenomenon, coined the "60's Scoop", is so named because the highest numbers of adoptions took place in the decade of the 1960s and because, in many instances, children were literally scooped from their homes and communities without the knowledge or consent of families and bands. Many First Nations charged that in many cases where consent was not given, that government authorities and social workers acted under the colonialistic assumption that native people were culturally inferior and unable to adequately provide for the needs of the children[1]. Many First Nations people believe that the forced removal of the children was a deliberate act of genocide[2].Your browser may not support display of this image.
Statistics from the Department of Indian Affairs reveal a total of 11,132 status Indian children adopted between the years of 1960 and 1990[3]. It is believed, however, that the actual numbers are much higher than that. While Indian Affairs recorded adoptions of 'status' native children, many native children were not recorded as 'status' in adoption or foster care records[4]. Indeed, many 'status' children were not recorded as status after adoption. Of these children who were adopted, 70% were adopted into non-native homes. Interestingly, of this latter group, the breakdown rate for these transracial adoptions is also 70%![5].
Many of the adoptees, who are now adults, are seeking to reunite with birth families and communities. A substantial portion of these adoptees face cultural and identity confusion issues as the result of having been socialized and acculturated into a euro-Canadian middle-class society[6]. For transracial adoptees, identity issues may be worsened by other problems arising during the search and reunion experience. As one author put it, the identity issues of adoptees may be compounded by being reacquainted with one of the most marginalized and oppressed group in North American society.
There are lots of adult adoptees searching for families, and families searching for adoptees. As a result, several First Nation/aboriginal reunification programs have sprouted up in Canada. These links are available below, and some have toll-free numbers. For adoptees who are not sure where their roots are, calling any of the agencies can be a first step. They will direct you to an agency or band or provincial post-adoption office that can help. Although Saskatchewan currently does not have a Native repatriation program, Saskatchewan Social Services has a part-time Repat worker who can assist at Post Adoption Registry, 1920 Broad Street, Regina, SK S4P 3V6, (306)787-3654 or 1-800-667-7539.
For many adoptees and birth families, it has been beneficial to utilize the services of experienced Repatriation workers. These individuals can assist all parties in the emotional and psychological preparation for reunion.
By Dr. Raven Sinclair ravsin@sasktel.net
(See bibliography list below)
1. Kimelman, 1985; Sinclair et al., 1991
2. Kimelman, 1985: see also the UN Convention on Genocide at this site.
3. RCAP, 1996 (Search under "Adoption")
4. This knowledge is based on personal experience and knowledge as an adoptee with adoptive siblings, and as an adoption worker.
5. Bagley, Young & Scully, 1993
6. Hall, 1995; Gilchrist, 1995; Richard, 1998
A short reference list of of Scoop material:
Bagley, C., Young, L., & Scully, A. (1993). International and transracial adoptions: A mental health perspective. Northern Social Work Practice, Northern and Regional Studies Series, Volume 4.116-135.
Fanshel, D. (1972). Far from the reservation: the transracial adoption of American Indian children. New Jersey: The Scarecrow Press. 116-135.
Fournier, S. & Crey, E. (1997). Stolen from our embrace: The abduction of First Nations children and the restoration of Aboriginal communities. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.
Gilchrist, L. (1995). Urban survivors, Aboriginal street youth: Vancouver, Winnipeg & Montreal. Research report presented to the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, January, 1995.
Hall, L. (Speaker – Vancouver, BC 93-06-02 13).(1995). For seven generations: An information legacy of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Libraxus Inc.
Kimelman, Judge E.C. (1985). No quiet place: Review committee on Indian and Metis adoption and placements. Manitoba Community Services.
Lyslo, A. (1960). Adoption for American Indian Children. Child Welfare, 39(6). June 1960. 32-33.
Lyslo, A. (1961). Adoptive placement of American Indian children with non-Indian families. Child Welfare, 40(5). May 1961. 4-6.
McRoy, R., Zucher, L.,Lauderdale, M. & Anderson, R. (1983). The identity of transracial adoptees. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 65. 576-583.
Richard, K. (1998). A submisssion on the matter of cross cultural aboriginal adoption. Unpublished paper submitted to the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal. (Available from Toronto Native Child & Family Services).
Sinclair, Judge M., Phillips, D. & Bala, N. (1991). Aboriginal Child Welfare in Canada. Bala, J., Hornick, J.P. & Vogl, R. (1991). Canadian Child Welfare Law: Children, Families and the State. Toronto: Thompason Educational Publishing. 171-194.
Sobol, M. & Daly, K. (1993). Adoption in Canada: Final Report. National Adoption Study, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
Stevenato & Associates, J. Budgell. (1998). Aboriginal Healing & Wellness Strategy Research Project: Repatriation of Aboriginal families. Toronto: Author. (Available through Toronto Native Child & Family Services.)
Ward, M. (1984). The adoption of Native Canadian children. Cobalt, Ontario: Highway Bookshop.
From Aboriginal & Indigenous Social Work www.aboriginalsocialwork.ca
Monica Wysotski
AJE: Canada's Secret Scoop
Hidden Colonial Legacy: The 60's Scoop
Canada's 60's and 70's Scoop Registration
Logistics of the 60's and 70's Scoop


text:
Q: jQuery .prop("disabled", false) is not enabling an input I'm having a problem re-enabling an input after it has been disabled on the page load.
I'm using two inputs to accept two dates, but I want it that the second input is not enabled until the first one has a value.

    Start Date
    <input name="date1-start" id="date1-start" type="date" data-role="datebox"data-options='{"mode": "calbox", "overrideDateFormat": "%Y-%m-%d", "beforeToday": true}' data-theme="a" onchange="showdate()"/>
    End Date
    <input name="date1-end" id="date1-end" type="date" data-role="datebox" data-options='{"mode": "calbox", "overrideDateFormat": "%Y-%m-%d", "beforeToday": true}' data-theme="a" onchange="datechart()"/>

The second input is disabled successfully on the page load with.
$("#date1-end").prop("disabled", true);

The first date has an onchange event that calls the following function
function showdate(){
    if ($("#date1-start").val() != null){
        if ($("#date1-end").val() != ""){
            datechart();
        }
        else{
            $("#date1-end").prop("disabled", false);
            $("#date1-end").trigger('change');
        }
    }
}

The function is called and prop("disabled", false) when reached fires without any errors, but the input remains disabled. The trigger('change') I am using is an attempt at refreshing the element but the same problem exists without it.
I have tried different variations of .attr from an older version of Jquery but I also get the same problem.
I am using Jquery 1.9.1, Jquery-mobile 1.3.1 and PhoneGap 2.7.0

A: Working example: http://jsfiddle.net/d9vzs/
This is not how you enable disable jQUery Mobile input elements.
It can be done with this functions:
$( "input" ).textinput( "disable" );

$( "input" ).textinput( "enable" );

Official documentation: http://api.jquerymobile.com/textinput/#method-disable

A: Had the same problem some time ago:
$("#date1-end").prop("disabled", null);

@Gautam3164's answer is also good.

A: Try with removeAttr like
$("#date1-end").removeAttr("disabled");

You can also try with prop like
$("#date1-end").prop("disabled",false);

A: Prop is used just to get the value and set the value. Refer this http://api.jquery.com/prop/
$("#date1-end").prop("disabled", false);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


TORONTO, Oct. 25, 2017 /CNW/ - NorthWest Healthcare Properties Real Estate Investment Trust (TSX: NWH.UN) (the "REIT") announced today that it will issue its third quarter 2017 financial results for the three months ending September 30, 2017 on Thursday, November 9, 2017, after markets close.
A conference call will be held on Friday, November 10, 2017 at 10:00 am (EST). Participating on the call will be members of the REIT's senior management team.
NorthWest Healthcare Properties Real Estate Investment Trust (TSX: NWH.UN) is an unincorporated, open-ended real estate investment trust established under the laws of the Province of Ontario. The REIT provides investors with access to a portfolio of high quality international healthcare real estate infrastructure comprised of interests in a diversified portfolio of 144 income-producing properties and 9.7 million square feet of gross leasable area located throughout major markets in Canada, Brazil, Germany, Australia and New Zealand. The REIT's portfolio of medical office buildings, clinics, and hospitals is characterized by long term indexed leases and stable occupancies. With a fully integrated and aligned senior management team, the REIT leverages over 180 professionals across nine offices in five countries to serve as a long term real estate partner to leading healthcare operators.


text:
Home Economy Wall Street closes lower on Ukraine concerns – 02/23/2022 at 23:40
Wall Street closes lower on Ukraine concerns – 02/23/2022 at 23:40
Wall Street down because of Ukraine concerns
NEW YORK (Reuters) – The New York Stock Exchange closed sharply lower on Wednesday, another session in the red as Ukraine declared a state of emergency over fears of a large-scale attack from Russia while Westerners revealed additional sanctions after Moscow's announcement on the regions. Donbass, in eastern Ukraine.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 1.38%, or 464.85 points, to 33,131.76 points.
The broader S&P-500 index lost 79.26 points, or 1.84%, to 4,225.50 points.
The Nasdaq Composite Index, for its part, declined by 344.03 points (2.57%) to 13,037.49 points.
Washington reiterates that a Russian invasion of Ukraine could begin imminently, saying it sees no sign of Moscow turning back.
Signs of a possible attack, Russia began evacuating staff from its embassy in Kiev and Ukraine was the target of a cyberattack that rendered several government websites inaccessible.
This latest information has fueled the concerns of investors, who are already preoccupied with the prospect of a larger-than-expected monetary policy tightening by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) to fight inflation.
"There are geopolitical risks and rhetoric that give investors additional cause for concern," said Liz Young, SoFi's chief investment officer.
"Without minimizing this, the effect has been to exacerbate the already existing downward momentum," she said.
The Dow Jones index handled correction territory, while the S&P-500 finished like the previous day, down more than 10% compared to its closing record last January 3.
(French version by Jean Terzian)
See also Google Cloud launches carbon footprint tracker for environmental analysis | Technique
Previous articleMad Max: Fury Road. Charlize Theron and Tom Hardy fight
Next articleTwo lawyers responsible for the trial in New York targeted Trump have resigned
Twitter is already pausing approval requests
Back to car factories
PayPal Can Launch Its Own Digital Currency


Wardha is situated about 75 kms away from Nagpur (around 780 kms from Mumbai), in the heartland of India. It is one of the 35 districts of Maharashtra state in western India. Wardha district is located on the north-eastern side of the State of Maharashtra. It has eight Tehsils, 513 Gram Panchayats covering around 1360 villages. The nearest International Airport from Wardha is Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport, in Nagpur. Wardha is serviced by two railway stations viz. Wardha Junction and Sevagram and has good road connectivity.
The district is bounded by the Satpura mountain range in the North and by the valley of the Purna river in the West. The plain plateau of the Nagpur district is on the eastern side, whereas the Wardha river flows from the boundaries of the north, west and south.
It is an inspiring and fascinating story that a small township, engaged in the business of cotton ginning and pressing became a historic epicenter of national movement. It all started in 1894 with Shri Jamnalal Bajaj being adopted as the grandson of Seth Bachhraj Bajaj of Wardha.
It was perhaps the spiritual strength of the river Varada (now known as Wardha river) and also of Shri Jamnalal Bajaj which brought a galaxy of spiritual and political leaders at one place. Acharya Vinoba Bhave, a twentieth century rishi (sage) came to Wardha in 1921, where he set up a branch of the Satyagraha Ashram. Later in 1936, Sevagram became the abode of Mahatma Gandhi.
In 1981, Wardha district was adopted for an intensive drive against leprosy by the Government of India using the 'Survey, Education and Training' method inspired by activities of Maharogi Sewa Samiti.
Wardha has been a witness to many events of constructive, social, national and historical significance. Over 450 freedom fighters belonged to Wardha.


Complete, Flawless Burnished Gold Eagle Collection Signed by John Mercanti – One-Of-A-Kind!
The U.S Gold Eagle is one of the most popular gold coins in the world. Hundreds of thousands are struck each year and quickly gobbled up by both bullion buyers and collectors.
But there's a more elite version of the coin, struck in 42 times fewer numbers than the bullion Gold Eagle. That coin is the Burnished Gold Eagle, struck with a smooth, matte-like finish. Only 11 dates of this coin exist, each struck with mintages that rarely break 10,000 coins. In fact, if you add up every Burnished Gold Eagle ever struck, you would still have fewer coins than any single mintage of bullion Gold Eagle. They're that scarce!
In the entire collecting world, there is only ONE complete 11-coin collection of Burnished Gold Eagles certified by NGC as flawless Mint State-70 (MS70) condition, with labels hand-signed by John Mercanti, 12th Chief Engraver of the United States Mint. This is that set.
You'll be the only person in the entire world to own all 11 dates—meaning 11 Troy ounces of highly-pure 91.7% U.S. Gold – all in perfect condition, and all bearing Mercanti's signature. It's an elite set that belongs in only the finest collection.
This one-of-a-kind collection is ready and waiting in our vault. Get it now before someone else beats you to it!
THE ULTIMATE SAINT-GAUDENS CREATION . . . – These One Ounce Gold Eagle Proofs exhibit a stunning design of Lady Liberty walking forward with focus and purpose, torch in one hand and olive branch in the other. Originally introduced on the famous 1907 $20 Double Eagle and born from collaboration between Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Theodore Roosevelt, this design reveals beautifully intricate details (like the U.S. Capitol building in the distance) with each viewing.
. . . PAIRED WITH A PATRIOTIC FAMILY! – Featuring a male bald eagle carrying an olive branch to his family, sculptor Miley Busiek's design for the reverse continues to serve as a perfect modern companion to Saint-Gaudens' vision.
EXPERTLY STRUCK IN HIGHLY PURE GOLD – Each Burnished Gold Eagle is created from specially prepared 22-karat (91.7%) gold blanks that give each coin a distinctive smooth, matte-like surface, as well as razor-sharp details and blazing luster.
U.S. LEGAL TENDER – Minted in gold mined in the United States with weight and content guaranteed by the U.S. government, each One-Ounce Gold Eagle is $50 U.S. legal tender, as seen on the coin's reverse.
GRADED IN PERFECT UNCIRCULATED CONDITION – Your Burnished Gold American Eagles will come graded by the Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) as being in perfect Mint-State-70 (MS70) condition, a distinction that means your perfectly-graded coins will have ZERO imperfections – showing all features and fields exactly as the engraver and mint intended!
AN AUTOGRAPHED LABEL! – The labels encapsulated with your Burnished Gold Eagles display another phenomenal feature – the autograph of John Mercanti, the 12th Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint!


text:
Jun 1, 2016 3:47PM EDT
Women In Power: Mindy Grossman On Speaking Up And Encouraging Diversity
By Katie Abel
Katie Abel
More Stories By Katie
Mark Tucker, Footwear Veteran Who Blazed Trails in China, Dies at 76
Nordstrom Chief Merchandising Officer Teri Bariquit Is Retiring After 37 Years at the Retailer
A Boisterous Nelly Starts Friendly Competition With Idris Elba, Reunites With Fergie at FNAAs 2022
Mindy Grossman & Serena Williams, 2011.
CREDIT: FN Archives.
Mindy Grossman, the CEO of HSN Inc., is an ardent supporter of female talent in the fashion industry and beyond. Here, she talks about what she's learned, the importance of going after what you believe in and why women have to support other women.
Best Advice For Rising Stars: "I often have the opportunity to mentor young professionals and I encourage them to ask for what they want and have the courage to take strategic risks. Whatever your job is make sure you are striving to do your best in that role and focus on making others and the company more successful. If you do that, you, in turn will be more successful. Build a strong network of relationships, cultivate them and give of yourself if you expect others to do so in return. Find what you are passionate about, make sure it's purposeful and strive to have lasting impact. Of utmost importance, do not underestimate the transformational power of believing in yourself and finally, you are only as good as your reputation, never compromise your beliefs and always be human."
Jessica Alba on Fueling Your Inner Fire, and Femininity as a Workplace Strength
Cultivating More Female Talent: "Women must support each other. We must speak out and encourage diversity at all levels. I believe that if you have the privilege to be in a position where your voice and your actions can be heard and can have impact, that you have a responsibility to be visible, seek opportunities to share your experiences in an open and honest way, speak about the critical need for diversity and mentor and cultivate the next generation of diverse talent."
Joanna Coles, Gemma Lionello, Louise Camuto, Sarah Jessica Parker, Joy Mangano & Mindy Grossman at the Outstanding Mother Awards
CREDIT: REX Features.
What She's Learned: "I'm not sure that this is surprising per se, but what I do know and wholeheartedly believe that in the long run – culture trumps strategy. Of course you must have a strategy for your business, but what creates sustainable and lasting success is a powerful, deep, definable and engaged culture. So, to that point, align yourself with a company and with leadership that share your values and where you believe you can have the greatest opportunity to maximize your talents. As a leader, be sure that at the forefront of your strategic planning is the creation of a foundation of strong fundamentals and leadership behaviors that serve as guideposts for your business and culture. Then, you must relentlessly repeat them, live them and surround yourself with others that are enthusiastically aligned with that vision."
Overcoming Challenges: "I don't think that there are challenges specific to women in retailing. I have always gone after what I want and made strategic moves at different times in my career if I did not feel the company or the leadership was going to foster a culture of diversity and respect. I encourage others to do the same – seek an environment that supports you in your success, and most importantly, believe in yourself, be willing to take strategic risks, surround yourself with not just a network but with authentic relationships and always act with integrity and confidence."
Closing Thoughts: "One of the things that I find most beneficial in today's evolving retail landscape is a voracious sense of intellectual curiosity. When I left Nike to join HSN, Inc. (IAC Retail at the time) people thought I was a bit crazy! However, I was curious, felt that how people were interacting with brands and products were changing and that technology was going to disrupt every aspect of industry and consumer behavior. I wanted to run a business that could take advantage of this shift. You need to be open to new ways of thinking. Influence can come from anywhere – I encourage people to get interested and curious about all aspects of culture — from modern art to architecture and everywhere in between. Our world is not linear. To remain competitive and on the edge of innovation, we must proactively seek ways to absorb new ideas, while also surrounding ourselves with people that exhibit that same sense of wonder."
Mindy Grossman
Women in Power


text:
Q: Access query speed differs I have a local access database and in it a query which takes values from a form to populate a drop down menu. The weird (to me) thing is that with most options this query is quick (blink of an eye), but with a few options it's very slow (>10 seconds).
What the query is does is a follows: It populates a dropdown menu to record animals seen at a specific sighting, but only those animals which have not been recorded at that specific sighting yet (to avoid duplicate entries).
SELECT DISTINCT tblAnimals.AnimalID, tblAnimals.Nickname, tblAnimals.Species
FROM tblSightings INNER JOIN (tblAnimals INNER JOIN tblAnimalsatSighting ON tblAnimals.AnimalID = tblAnimalsatSighting.AnimalID) ON tblSightings.SightingID = tblAnimalsatSighting.SightingID
WHERE (((tblAnimals.Species)=[form]![Species]) AND ((tblAnimals.CurrentGroup)=[form]![AnimalGroup2]) AND ((tblAnimals.[Dead?])=False) AND ((Exists (select tblAnimalsatSighting.AnimalID FROM tblAnimalsatSighting WHERE tblAnimals.AnimalID = tblAnimalsatSighting.AnimalID AND tblAnimalsatSighting.SightingID = [form]![SightingID]))=False));

It performs well for all groups of 2 of the 4 possible species, for 1 species it performs well for 4 of the 5 groups, but not for the last group, and for the last species it performs very slowly for both groups. Anybody an idea what can be the cause of this kind of behavior? Is it problems with the query? Or duplicate entries in the tables which can cause this? I don't think it's duplicates in the tables, I've checked that, and there are some, but they appear both for groups where there are problems and where there aren't. Could I re-write the query so it performs faster?

A: As noted in our comments above, you confirmed that the extra joins were not really need and were in fact going to limit the results to animal that had already had a sighting. Those joins would also likely contribute to a slowdown.
I know that Access probably added most of the parentheses automatically but I've removed them and converted the subquery to a not exists form that's a lot more readable.
SELECT tblAnimals.AnimalID, tblAnimals.Nickname, tblAnimals.Species
FROM tblAnimals
WHERE
        tblAnimals.Species = [form]![Species]
    AND tblAnimals.CurrentGroup = [form]![AnimalGroup2]
    AND tblAnimals.[Dead?] = False
    AND NOT EXISTS (
        SELECT tblAnimalsatSighting.AnimalID
        FROM tblAnimalsatSighting
        WHERE
                tblAnimals.AnimalID = tblAnimalsatSighting.AnimalID
            AND tblAnimalsatSighting.SightingID = [form]![SightingID]
    );


Do you remember ER? I mean, statistically most of you should have some memory of it at least, because it was on for approximately forever. In case you don't though, it was a show about a bunch of implausible attractive doctors having soap operatic life problems in and around the emergency trauma center at a fictional hospital. Most of them were doctors or nurses, and the rest were administrators or loved ones. A real workplace soap.
Meet Chicago Fire. He's ER's less interesting younger brother, here now that ER has gone up to the great syndication in the sky to capitalize on your mild attention and desire to see something interesting-ish while you drink a box of wine on Wednesday nights and try to forget your crappy job for a while.
Oh, that's just me? Awesome.
Anyway, this is all just a way to explain that Chicago Fire, though staffed by young and extremely attractive people, is boring as all get out. I mean it. Sure, you have Jesse Spencer, Tyler Kinney, Lauren German, and Eamonn Walker, but you also have no interesting or original storylines, and a general feeling of apathy. There's nothing here we haven't seen before.
Just to get everyone up to speed, Chicago Fire is a new hour-long drama for NBC. It's centered around two young firefighters: Lieutenants Casey and Severide.
They don't like each other, because they're both suffering under the guilt of a colleague's death. I think. I don't know, this show was inordinately hard to pay attention to.
So Casey and Severide argue, there are some fires, other people show up and also fight the fires, there are some paramedics who do something medical and get in trouble—the whole thing felt very half-assed.
Where was the drama, people? I mean, we have firefighters out there risking their lives, and you can't make me manage to catch more than half the plot? For starters, there were too many individual fires, and too many specific characters for me to have any idea what was going on. But more than that, it just felt like the show wasn't trying.
Both of the protagonists are young white male stars with a chip on their shoulders, and strong feelings about how to run a team. Their boss is played by Eamonn Walker, who once again fits into the "wise black man" stereotype. He's there to dispense wisdom and tell them that they're going too far, but he never actually does anything. He's just there to make sort-of-profound statements and speeches.
The real cake-taker, though, was the female characters. There are only two women on the show who aren't wives or girlfriends (or mothers), and both of those women are paramedics. Now, this isn't a problem in and of itself. I have met paramedics, in fact one of my college roommates became an EMT.
But I find it objectionable that the only two female characters on the whole show aren't involved in the "manly" firefighting, they're relegated to a job that, while dangerous, is more feminine. The caring job.
This just strikes me as silly, because it needlessly perpetuates gender stereotypes. Women can be firefighters, and there are lots of male EMTs. It's simplistic and annoying to insist otherwise.
Overall, I think it comes down to a lack of effort. NBC wanted a show to follow Law and Order: SVU on Wednesday nights, and it didn't bother to insist that the show be groundbreaking, or even interesting.
So, yeah, Chicago Fire is okay. But that's all it is. Just okay.
Chicago Fire airs on Wednesdays at 10pm on NBC.


text:
24.10.18 Haryana (HPSC) Daily Current Affairs
Pashu Sanjeevni Sewa livestock veterinary scheme introduced by Haryana government
The Haryana Government introduce the 'Pashu Sanjeevni Sewa'scheme to provide free of cost health care services to livestock in the state through mobile veterinary clinics.
The decision was taken during a meeting of the animal husbandry and dairy department, under the chairmanship of Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar.
The service will be first started in all the blocks of Jind, Yamunanagar and Nuh districts for pilot run.
One mobile vehicle would be pressed into service in each block of these 3 districts.
Invest India wins UN Investment Promotion Award
Invest India has received the top UN Investment Promotion Award in recognition of its efforts to boost investments in the renewable energy sector in India.
The Investment Promotion Awards, organized by UNCTAD, honors Investment Promotion Agencies and their governments for their achievements.
The Awards have been given annually since 2002 as part of UNCTAD's investment promotion and facilitation programme.
· Xi inaugurated world longest sea bridge
Xi Jinping, Chinese President inaugurated a 55-km, world's longest sea-crossing bridgeHong Kong-Macau-Zhuhai Bridge (HMZB).It will deepen the integration of Hong Kong and Macao with the rest of China.
The world's longest sea-crossing bridge will be at the heart of an integrated Greater Bay Area (GBA)covering 11 major neighbouring cities, which include Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. The giant GBA comprises of 68 million people.
· SC announced ban on toxic and loud firecrackers
Supreme Court judgmentdeclared a ban on toxic and loud crackers during Deepavali. The ban has been declared to avoid the air pollution caused due to the burning of firecrackers which in turn deterioration of air quality.
The Bench acknowledges that there is a necessity to tackle the other contributory factors for air pollution. Unregulated construction activity which generates a lot of dust and crop burning in the neighbouring States are the two other major reasons. Vehicular pollution is also another cause.
· Federation opposes Higher Education Commission of India Bill
Members of All India University Employees Federation have demanded that the University Grants Commission(UGC) be continued. The federation had strongly opposed the Union government's draft Bill on setting up a Higher Education Commission of India (HECI). There are issues with the existing UGC that need to be addressed but not by replacing it with another body.
The federation is to discuss the HECI Bill at the All India University Employees Confederation's 13th conference to be held at Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University from October 26 to October 28.
· M.S.Swaminathan receiving the first World Agriculture Prize
S.Swaminathan, an Agricultural scientist, will be receiving the first World Agriculture Prize instituted by the Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (ICFA) in New Delhi. The award carries a cash component of $1,00,000.
Swaminathan has been hailed by the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) as 'The Father of Economic Ecology'. He is Recognised worldwide for his basic and applied research in genetics, cytogenetics, radiation and chemical mutagenesis, food and biodiversity conservation. He is been awarded for his commitment towards the ever-green revolution movement in agriculture.
· Haryana girl Nishtha Dudeja won Miss Deaf Asia 2018 crown
Nishtha Dudeja is the first Indian to have won any title at the Miss Deaf World Pageant.
She is the brand ambassador for Sivantos India Pvt Ltd. (Formerly Siemens hearing Instruments Pvt Ltd.), the world's leading brand of hearing aids.
· Creation of Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF)
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has given its approval for creation of special Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF).
The approval entails an estimated fund size of Rs.7,522 crore, comprising Rs.5,266.40 crore to be raised by the Nodal Loaning Entities (NLEs), Rs. 1,316.6 crore beneficiaries contribution and Rs.939.48 crore budgetary support from the Government of India.
Categories Oct 2018 Post navigation
24.10.18 (RPSC) Rajasthan Current Affairs
DMPQ: Explain the following terms: ( Econmomy) a) Bank rate b) Merchant discount rate c) Open Market operations d) Repo rate e) MSF


Paula B. Gervais, age 90, of Winona Lake, IN passed away on Friday, September 7, 2018 at 7:00 AM in her residence. She was born on February 28, 1928 in Dayton, ME to Francis and Mary (MacDonald) Bennett.
She was united in marriage on November 29, 1952 to John Gervais in Biddeford, ME at St. Mary's Catholic Church. As a child she attended school at Thornton Academy in Saco, ME. During her life she worked as a telephone operator as well as was a self-employed wood crafts artist. She was a devout Catholic.
She is survived by her Son; Patrick (spouse Brenda) Gervais of Warsaw, IN, Brothers; Joe (spouse Barbara) Bennett of ME, Tom (spouse Freida) Bennett of Orange, VA, Ervin Bennett of Dayton, ME, Sister; Mae Brown of Dayton, ME, 7 Grandchildren; John (spouse Ash) Gervais, Louis (spouse Mandy) Gervais, Janette Gervais, Paul Westberg, Sue (spouse Amanda) Westberg, Patrick (spouse Andrea) Westberg, Michelle Poe and 6 Great-Grandchildren also survive. She was preceded in death by her Husband; John P. Gervais, Brothers; Ray and Francis Bennett, Sisters; Arvid Bennett and Georgina Thibodeau.
A Mass of Christian Burial will be held on Saturday, September 22, 2018 at 10:00 AM in Sacred Heart Catholic Church, Warsaw. Father Jonathan Norton will officiate. Interment will be held at a later date. McHatton-Sadler Funeral Chapel, Warsaw is entrusted with all arrangements.
If you would like to sign Paula B. Gervais's guestbook, or send condolences to the family, please fill out the form below. We will make sure to add your name to the guestbook at the service, and/or send the family condolences on your behalf.


Download the free North Island Trail Guide App for iOS and Android.
This app is GPS enabled. Download to your smartphone in advance and the app will be available even when you are out of cell service range.
On Vancouver Island North, trails penetrate deep into the landscape, offering easy access to remote forests, beaches, streams and lakes. Walk among giants on pathways made spongy from decades of coniferous needles falling. Inhale the freshest ocean air, rich with sea-spray, along pristine shoreline.
Many seaside communities are lined with wheelchair-accessible seawalls, boardwalks and pathways, perfect for family outings and sunset strolls. Excursion options abound close to towns and further afield. These hikes can vary from an hour or two up to a full day. Multi-day epic adventures like the Cape Scott Trail and the North Coast Trail are on the list for trekkers looking to get remote and experience the ruggedly beautiful outer reaches.
Check in at local Visitor Centres for details on hiking options closest to their communities and destinations beyond.
The west coast has spectacular options for all levels of hiking ability. Follow forested trails to the open Pacific Ocean where your footprints could quite likely be the only ones in the sand. Two of these west coast hiking highlights became more accessible in the summer of 2010 when the trail to Raft Cove was re-routed and improved with boardwalk and bridging, and the trail to San Josef Bay was resurfaced. A parking lot expansion at the trailhead for San Josef Bay, and Cape Scott, leading to the North Coast Trail was also completed during the site upgrade.
You will find nature that is just a little more natural everywhere you turn on Vancouver Island North. Check in at local Visitor Centres for details on hiking options closest to their communities and destinations beyond.
Proper planning will help you enjoy the rewards of your journey.
View on your desktop for trail descriptions and attributes. Download the free mobile app for GPS enabled use. Download in advance for functionality when out of cell range.


Find out how the Mages Guild's excavation of Vahtacen is faring.
Talk to Raminus Polus then Irlav Jarol to get your assignment. You are required to check up on the progress of research at Vahtacen, an Ayleid ruin.
At Vahtacen, solve a puzzle to gain access to the inner depths of the ruin.
Explore the ruin and retrieve an Ayleid artifact.
Take the artifact back to Irlav Jarol then report to Raminus Polus for your promotion.
After being promoted to Evoker (i.e. after completing Ulterior Motives), speak to Raminus Polus for your next task. Raminus tells you to speak with Irlav Jarol who is in charge of Vahtacen, an Ayleid ruin site that the Mages Guild is exploring to find Ayleid artifacts. Depending on the time of day, Irlav can be found upstairs in the Arch-Mage's Tower or in the lobby with Raminus. Irlav will forward you to Skaleel who is currently in charge of the research at Vahtacen. It seems she has reported that there is a blocked passage. He gives you a key to the ruins and tells you to go to Vahtacen and speak with Skaleel about solving the problem.
When you reach Vahtacen (just southeast of Cheydinhal), you will find a remarkably empty cave: the first section has been cleaned out by the Mages Guild. At one end of the cave the tunnel breaks through into an underground Ayleid ruin. Here you will find Skaleel, who seems unimpressed by the fact that Irlav sent you to check on things. She tells you that they have found a pillar but have been unable to figure it out and suggests you try your luck. She warns you however to be careful and cast only basic spells.
In the northwest corner of the room is a gate that opens with the key Irlav gave you. Down the passageway you'll find the pillar and Denel, another mage. It seems the pillar reacts to having magic cast on it but so far the only result has been that the caster has been zapped back. Denel also mentions tablets in the corners of the room with writing on them. He thinks these markings could be translated if he had an Ayleid reference of some sort and suggests asking Skaleel for one.
As you might have guessed from the translation, you have to cast certain spells at the pillar in order to open it. These spells have to be cast at the pillar; either on target or on touch - casting spells on self will not work. The strength of the spells does not matter. Fortunately, if you don't happen to have all these spells, a chest next to Denel has scrolls that let you cast, among other effects, Flare (Fire Damage), Sever Magicka (Damage Magicka), and Elevate Magicka (Fortify Magicka). Only a scroll providing Frost Damage is missing.
You can find a scroll that causes the necessary frost damage in the Bruma Mages Guild, or you can buy one from the Skingrad Mages Guild. The scrolls in Vahtacen respawn in the chest after 4 to 5 days if you used them prematurely (you will need to leave Vahtacen for four full days for this to happen). Enchanted arrows and staves with fire damage, frost damage and damage magicka can also be used.
As you cast each of the four spells in sequence (Fire Damage, Frost Damage, Damage Magicka, Fortify Magicka), portions of the pillar lower to reveal a stairway. If you make a mistake, you will instead get zapped by as many of the Dark Welkynd Stones that can take aim at you. Be cautious, as one zap can kill. If you're worried about being zapped, you can stand out by Denel and take aim with your targeted spells from a safe distance.
Speak to Denel or Skaleel once the pillar has opened and they will suggest that you explore the new areas of the ruins. Whether or not you chose to speak to them, proceed down the stairwell into what is a fairly standard Ayleid ruin. There are undead creatures and several traps in this area (for more information, see Vahtacen).
You will eventually reach a large room with hanging cages. There is an Ayleid block switch in the southeast end of the room - go up the staircase, look to your right and you'll see it. Activating it raises stairs that lead to the center platform. Head up the platform; when you reach the top, a number of level-dependent undead will be released. There is another switch on this platform; activating it raises the cage and reveals an Ancient Elven Helm. Grab it and take it with you.
Alternatively, you can climb the stairs to the first push block and then turn to the side (right or left, it doesn't matter which). Go to the side walls of the chamber. You should see a small ledge which runs all the way around the chamber. Climb onto this and walk around it. There are regular gaps which you should be able to jump fairly easily. Eventually you will come to a cage which hangs significantly lower than the others. Jump onto this. If you have high enough Acrobatics, you should be able to jump from this onto the central platform. Press the push block to raise the cage and release the undead. The advantage to this method is that the undead will be unable to reach you as you will not have raised the stairs.
Show the Ancient Elven Helm to Skaleel. She will say that you may have found something very important and urges you to return to the Imperial City so the mages there can take a closer look at it. Return to the Arcane University to find Irlav Jarol and give him the Helm.
Finally, report in to Raminus to advance to the rank of Conjurer and receive your leveled Robe of the Conjurer.
Be sure to remember to ask Raminus for a promotion after this quest, as it is possible to move on to Necromancer's Moon without actually being promoted.
While you will find scrolls with Fortify Magicka, Damage Magicka and Fire Damage effects in the chest next to Denel, you won't find a Frost Damage one.
This issue has been addressed by the Unofficial Oblivion Patch; a Frost Damage spell is added to the chest.
If you wish to keep Ayleid Inscriptions and Their Translations, it is possible to unlock the pillar without first surrendering the book to Denel if you know the correct sequence of spells. It is also possible to pickpocket the book from Denel after you've given it to him.
An achievement will be unlocked upon being promoted to Conjurer.
The pressure plates and the stair activator switch aren't reset properly when the cell resets, so if you leave and re-enter Vahtacen over 72 hours later, they may not work again to open the doors or raise the stairs and you'll be stuck with an unfinished quest.
You can fix the pressure plates by opening the command console, clicking on an affected one and typing: set activated to 0. To fix the switch, put set opened to 0 in the console instead. Or for both problems simply put tcl into the console with nothing selected to either walk through closed doors or up to the otherwise inaccessible raised platform. tcl again in the console will turn normal collision back on.
If you're playing on console, stepping on the pressure plate, leaving the cell though a load door and returning may resolve the problem, but otherwise you will have to reload a previous save.
Standing on the pressure plate, saving and reloading may also work.
If you've already pickpocketed the Ayleid Reference Text from Irlav Jarol, the quest will appear to be stalled if Skaleel gives a second copy of the book to you. However, you can still proceed by casting the appropriate spells indicated above at the pillar.
You can avoid this if you have a pickpocketed copy by just not going to Skaleel and getting another one when Denel indicates to. Instead, simply pick the "Ayleid Reference" topic in conversation with him and the quest will proceed normally.
You can fix Denel's missing translation by removing the second Text from your inventory by typing: player.removeitem 0003353B 1 into the console.
When you go down the hall to Denel, you may be noticed by two ghosts on the other side of the wall. If Denel notices them he may try to fight them; at which point no matter what spell is cast on it, the pillar will shock you and reset. If you are detected by the ghosts after opening the pillar, the quest will continue as normal.
10 Raminus Polus has asked that I speak with Irlav Jarol about assisting with his research.
20 I need to find the Ayelid [sic] ruins of Vahtacen and speak with Skaleel.
30 A room in Vahtacen contains a pillar that reacts to magic. I need to figure out how it works, but I must be careful so that I am not harmed. It's been suggested that I should stay away from anything but simple, single-effect spells.
35 Skaleel may have some reference material for deciphering the Ayleid symbols in Vahtacen. I should ask her for it.
37 Denel has offered to find translations of the inscriptions on the walls of Vahtacen. I should read all the inscriptions, and then tell him what they say.
40 I've solved the puzzle of the pillar, opening up more of the ruins of Vahtacen.
50 I've found an object deep within Vahtacen. I should take it to Skaleel.
60 I need to deliver the Ayelid [sic] artifact to Irlav Jarol.
100 Finishes quest I have delivered the artifact to Irlav Jarol.
It is possible to use the console to advance through the quest by entering setstage MG10Vahtacen stage, where stage is the number of the stage you wish to complete. It is not possible to un-complete (i.e. go back) quest stages. See SetStage for more information.


Funny, mild mannered and insightful, Lou grew up in a family full of alcoholics that stuck together in spite of their secrets. His relationship disease came from his mother's side. There was no God in their family. His dad was in the military and they moved alot.
In Wayco, TX at age 14, a crystal clear knowledge came out of nowhere - Lou was going to be a minister and he would never have children. He also discovered girls the same year.
Years later, Lou left the ministry because he did not change on the inside. He spent the next ten years of debauchery isolated from his family. He desperately hoped there was no God.
He met and became infatuated with an alcoholic. Together they built their life around alcohol - her drinking and he, mostly enabling (and backing completely over her accidently with a golf cart). She became desperately alcoholic and, after a time, he was ordered to go to Al-Anon.
She relapsed after five years. He took the advice of the program and practiced detachment, but with an axe not with love. It was the best contribution he ever made to her recovery. She is now 8 years sober and he has been freed from his deepest resentments.
Today he is his own qualifier - his thinker is broken.


Distributor Of Mining Rubber Conveyor Belt In Africa distributor of mining rubber conveyor . the production capacity and crushing efficiency, but also widens apply ... China. south africa conveyor belts distributor is manufactured from Shanghai . China supplier High quality natural rubber wear parts industrial cyclone dust.
2 days ago . Wet type grid ball mill is lined with Xinhai wear resistant rubber . Body is made out of reinforced engineering plastic which enhances the durability of the product. more . aggregates, coal, industrial minerals, hard rock mining and more. . edge gap filter apply and hydrocyclones the yon of the convention of.
metal version and an XR rubber lined version. Maintenace slide . Cyclone feed. Mine refuse . 's mining duty slurry pumps is the M range. . These pumps can be applied to any applica tion that may . interchangeable wear parts are available in abrasion . made this range well known and established in the slurry.
Naipu has advanced inspection and testing facilities in complete sets, made by . Slurry pumps and rubber wetted parts, hydrocyclones, rubber mill liners, stators and . Naipu has successfully applied new elastomer materials in spare parts.
13.7 Hydro cyclone . Screens were already being applied in antiquity in Greek mining. . manual, starting at 100 DM per screen when locally produced ... replaceable underflow nozzle made of wear resistant material (rubber, PU, hard.
Feb 19, 2016 . Hydrocyclone Working PrincipleTo understand the Hydrocyclone Working Principle we must first know its components. . Wet type grid ball mill is lined with Xinhai wear resistant rubber sheet with . Ore produced from the Cosmo Mine is processed at the underutilized Union Reefs Mill, located 60 km south.
gold equipment cyclone mineral separator hydrocyclone cil cipGold Mining . Wet type grid ball mill is lined with Xinhai wear resistant rubber sheet with excellent wear . mining machine gold hydrocyclone separator equipment made in .. third type of classification used in mining is the Hydrocyclone, parts and is worked in.
Sep 7, 2017 . Hydrocyclones, otherwise referred to as cyclones, are mechanical . In 1939, Dutch State Mines (DSM) was the first company that utilized hydrocyclone . With their simple design and complete lack of moving parts, hydrocyclone technology . The SeparatorTM is equipped with a rubber underflow regulator,.
Linagard® OSR rubber make it suitable . consists of replacement wear parts . hydrocyclones, flotation cells, screens . high wear mining return on in vestment. Linatex®. Premium. Rubber . applies to pulley lagging and applications.
hydrocyclone · ball mill spares · rubber composite pipes · flotation machine . Naipu slurry pumps of Jiangxi Naipu are mostly applied in mineral . Compared with screens made of steel bars and with various shapes of openings, the rubber panels . rubber lined steel pipes and rubber mining hoses, used in wear resistance.
Naipu develops a variety of products applied in ore dressing process. . Compared with screens made of steel bars and with various shapes of openings, . series of rubber lined steel pipes and rubber mining hoses, used in wear resistance.
Feb 25, 2018 . The third type of classification used in mining is the Hydrocyclone, commonly . Next in our list of cyclones components is the UPPER and LOWER . Some are designed this way do to make repairs easier, and to isolate wear.
a leading solutions provider to the mining and mineral extraction . Linatex wear liners, manufactured from proven superior Linatex rubber, reduce maintenance cost due . Linatex Hydrocyclone G4 DW is applied to dewatering .. material handling industries, to custom fabrications and moulded components. Linatex Rubber.
2 days ago . Wear Resistant Hydrocyclone Classifier for Iron Ore DressingWear . Wet type grid ball mill is lined with Xinhai wear resistant rubber . Hydrocyclone Products 2013 Hydrocyclone for Iron ore benefication Hydro cyclone widely applied in mine chosen . mining ore hydrocyclone separator made in china.
Blog: MHC Series Hydrocyclone Lessons learned from 12,000 hrs .
Mar 8, 2018 . The pertinent question for any mining company is if your selection of new solutions . To make sure the designed features meet the targeted results in . The ceramic components are still in operation and are the focus of current wear . the trial is being applied to 's empirical hydrocyclone model used.
Examples of items: parts for the mining rubber lined parts, hydro cyclone acid tanks, . This process applies a layer of elastomer on a roll for applications in various . The ceramic wear rubber ELASTOCER plates are custom made and are.
made in china mine applied rubber impeller mining slurry pump . Flotation Machine , Ball Mill , Hydrocyclone Etc. For Other Mould Rubber Production, . Grinding Mill Spare PartsMill spare parts generally include rubber liner, composite liner,.
Hydrocyclone for gold is widely applied in mine chosen technique in various metal. . Carbon Steel The hydrodynamic cyclone of the desander is made of wear resistant . High efficiency rubber wear parts inside and metal cover hydrocyclone.
Hydrocyclone widely applied in mine chosen technique in various metal . The offered products are tested in terms of quality in order to make certain its .. We design, develop, manufacture & supply wear parts for hydrocyclones in Rubber.
Townley Product Guide Townley Engineering & Manufacturing Co .
other high wear parts and fittings in these demanding mine services. . We apply the right materials and designs to the problem, giving customers . items such as complete pumps, wet ends, submersibles, elbows, elastomer lined pipe, rubber hose, valves, . has created a systematic white iron and specialty stainless.
2 days ago . Wet type grid ball mill is lined with Xinhai wear resistant rubber sheet with . separation of gold from mine tailings . Significant progress has been made in the development of . are simple and robust separation devices with no moving parts. .. The technic level of Naipu rubber liner applied in hydro.
FL Krebs Urethane hydrocyclones are ideally suited for classification . of handling makes this the best option in many water & industrial and mining applications. . cylindrical sections have been modified to minimize turbulence and wear, but . As a leader in cyclones technology, we make sure your pumping system.
Dec 31, 2015 . Wet type grid ball mill is lined with Xinhai wear resistant rubber sheet . Small Diameter Hydrocyclones Small Hydrocyclones . Pre:pyrite grinding millNext:ic vibrating screen user manual . new design high capacity rubber hydrocyclone of mining equipment . adjusting a good hydrocyclone to make spec.
China High Quality Polyurethane Hydrocyclone Separator for Sale .
Hydrocyclones were invented in the late 1800s and became widely used in mineral . process high volumes, take up minimal floor space and have no moving parts. . Designs that combine rubber lined, bolt together sections makes them simple .. Aggregates Coal Concrete Dewatering Fines Recovery Frac Sand Mining.
Dense medium separation is applied to the preconcentration of minerals. . exact laminar spiral feed chamber that exists when moulded out of rubber (Singleton, .. of materials with different wear rates in different parts of the cyclone. .. mine. Weir had requested for the cyclones to be made available for further investigation.
Plant components are at risk in all sections of mining and processing. This is true . Hydrocyclone Flotation tank. Thickener tank . In Brazil the rubber lining in the pipe from the grinding mill . This applies to mechanical . wear segments made.
A hydrocyclone is a device to classify, separate or sort particles in a liquid suspension based . It has no moving parts and its operation depends two major parameters: . Hydrocyclones can be made of metal (mostly steel), ceramic or plastic (such as .. Commons Attribution ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
eter d also applies only over a narrow range of sizes. . the lack of rotating parts, means it can be made of . advantage in combating wear and corrosion [5,. 6]. ... Two 500 mm CBC hydrocyclones made of urethane rubber (vulkollan) .. Mines. 8th series (1939). 177 193. 28. F. I. Fontein, New coal washing systems,.