text:
(Red)Framing Baku: Photographing Urban Change in Azerbaijan's Capital
Posted on June 23, 2016 December 3, 2020
Rustin Zarkar
Rustin is the Middle East and Islamic Studies Librarian at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His doctoral research focuses on social history and cultural production in and around the Caspian Sea.
The following is a photo essay by Ahmad Muxtar, a Baku-based photographer and the founder of Red Frame. You can follow the project on Facebook and Instagram. The accompanying text was written by Ajam Editor Rustin Zarkar.
Sovetski street and Flame Towers of Baku.
Baku, Azerbaijan's wind-swept capital city on the Caspian Sea, has seen tremendous changes to its urban landscape and social composition over the last two decades. Since the end of the Soviet Union, the government of Azerbaijan have initiated a number of urban projects and branding campaigns to transform the image of Baku from a Post-Soviet peripheral city to that of a modern business and tourism hub, often at the expense of the city's more historic neighborhoods and buildings.
As Baku's government-led urban development continues, citizens have launched a number of initiatives to record the daily life and social transformation of their capital. Ahmad Muxtar's Red Frame is one such project that not only documents Baku's architectural change, but also explores the ways our perceptions of urban space are framed by social, political, and economic forces. Over the next few months, Ajam will collaborating with community organizers in Baku like Muxtar to help document the city's transformation. Ajam's upcoming multi-media project, Mehelle (or neighborhood), will provide a platform to preserve the histories, stories, and images of unique neighborhoods across Ajamistan.
A hammer and sickle and "Lenin" graffiti spray-painted on a wall of a soon to be demolished home in Sovetski. Many residents of Baku have nostalgic feelings for the Soviet period.
On the surface, Muxtar's project is relatively straightforward: equipped with an Iphone and a simple red frame, the photographer scours the Baku streets, looking for places and scenes that highlight juxtapositions in the urban setting. Many of the photographs reveal tensions between visions of a future city and the Baku of the past. By choosing to focus on new construction projects and leaving the older parts of the city visibly "out of frame," Muxtar replicates the perspective of the authorities and the business elite who have championed notions of "progress" at all costs.
In other instances, the photographer uses the red frame to highlight the lived experiences of the city's inhabitants, whether it be an ephemeral moment in traffic or in the rain, or the remnants of family life in a once-inhabited neighborhood. Additionally, Muxtar also chooses to frame the disenfranchised of Baku, particularly pensioners trying to make ends meet, children playing in neighborhoods scheduled for destruction, and the construction workers who risk their lives for minimal pay to build Baku's new cityscape.
Workers' health and safety is a major issue for most constructions companies in Baku.
Working for low wages
Baku International: A Brief History
Baku's urban development has been driven by its central location for trans-Caucasian and trans-Caspian trade as well as the historic presence of petroleum. Baku grew to become a cosmopolitan port in the late 1800s, as an oil rush transformed the city into an essential hub of the emergent global economy. By the turn of the 20th century, the city was responsible for 50% of the global oil production–attracting Russian garrisons, Armenian merchants, European millionaires like the Nobels and Rothchilds, pilgrims from Central Asia, and migrant workers from Iran and the Ottoman Empire.
During the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917, Baku maintained its internationalist atmosphere, as workers crossed ethnic lines to protest labor conditions in the oil fields and revolutionaries flocked to the area in the hopes of envisioning a new future for Asia. Following World War II, Baku experienced another wave of migration, as oil revenues stabilized socio-economic life in the city and attracted new communities from the Soviet Union. While divisions were visible (and discrimination of course existed), this was an era when multicultural, multiethnic, and multi-religious harmony was perceived as a social reality; Azerbaijanis, Russians, Armenians, Georgians, and Jews lived and worked side by side, sharing troubles and joys as neighbors and compatriots.
Most construction companies use advertising campaigns showing the planned model of the new building.. Often times there is a difference between the advertised photo and the final result.
A Map of Baku showing the different building periods during the 19th and 20th century.
The composite nature of the city's populace in the 20th century mirrors the architectural character of the city, as Shirvanid, Safavid, Tsarist, and Soviet rule created a patchwork of distinct styles that are visible to this day — from Islamicate to Neo-classical, and Neo-Baroque to Constructivism. These influences are still visible to this day and can be (more or less) geographically located in concentric circles, stemming from the "Inner City" (İçərişəhər), comprised of the medieval citadel and its labyrinthine streets. The second circle corresponds to 19th and early 20th century Tsarist Russian rule, when an influx of global capital from the oil boom led to the rapid development of neighborhoods both for the wealthy oil barons and technocrats, as well as for the impoverished workers. The third and final circle was constructed in the Soviet Period and consists of large housing blocks and industrial complexes.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, however, both the social and architectural pluralism of the city has been under threat. As Azerbaijan gained independence, it was already embroiled in a devastating war with neighboring Armenia over the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The war led to of ethnic violence in both Armenia and Azerbaijan. Much of Baku's non-Azeri communities were gone by the time an uneasy ceasefire was agreed upon in 1994. Furthermore, a massive flight of refugees from the warzone created a crisis due to a lack of sufficient space and resources in the capital to accommodate those displaced from the countryside.
A partially destroyed home in Sovetski street.
Neighborhoods Under Threat
Many of the social problems documented in Muxtar's photographs are a result of the dramatic economic changes that occurred during 1990s. As the war with Armenia raged, Azerbaijan also prepared to make the transition to a state-led capitalist economy, following IMF and World Bank privatization strategies. The most significant development was marked by a 1994 agreement signed between the Azerbaijani state and an international consortium of foreign oil companies. The so-called "Contract of the Century," coupled with rising oil prices, provided Azerbaijan with billions of dollars of revenue in the form of rent.
While authorities and planners were primarily concerned with apartment blocks to house refugees during the first decade of independence, since the 2000s Azerbaijani elites have initiated ambitious construction projects — large glass and steel buildings, new boulevards, and renovated waterfronts — with the hopes of attracting foreign investment. This construction boom breaks from the concentric circle pattern of urban development, as new projects appear to be scattered all over Baku.
Laundry, Baku style
These projects also require the demolition of historic buildings and entire neighborhoods — as well as the relocation of hundreds of families. Although many citizens are content with the city adminstration's plans new vision for Baku, a sizeable segment of the population have voiced their discontent for low-compensation rates and the destruction of cultural heritage. Even with falling oil prices and the 2015-16 manat devaluation crisis, construction projects are still being pushed forward, particularly in the historic Sovestki neighborhood located in the heart of the capital.
Muxtar believes that Red Frame project will not only help raise awareness of what is being lost through Baku's urbanization, but that that the idea can be replicated in other cities across the globe. He is currently developing an app that will allow users to explore the types of frames that exist in their own surroundings.
A pensioner who still must sell goods to survive.
A game of Soccer during the last days of Sovetski street.
Red Frame
Fighting Other People's Wars: Afghan Soldiers on the Syrian Battlefield
The Bard of the Caucasus: Armenian, Azeri, and Georgian Legacies of Sayat Nova
byKamyar Jarahzadeh
The Arts of Protection and Healing in Islam:
Talismanic Shirts as Premodern "PPE"
The Arts of Protection
and Healing in Islam:
Water Infused with Blessing
Amulets and the Body
Iranians celebrate US elections with hilarious memes as Trump faces defeat
Posted on November 9, 2020 January 22, 2023
Poetry fills Tehran streets as Iranians adapt Nowruz rituals to Corona restrictions
Seeking Light in the Empire of Memory: War Commemorations on Iran's Rahiyan-e Nur
Muscat: Where the Arab World Meets the Indian Ocean
Pingback: » Ajam's Mehelle: Recording Everyday Life in Endangered Neighborhoods Ajam Media Collective


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May 29, 1997 — Jeff Buckley dies
By Loki Culture, Rock n Roll History of the World, The Rock'n'Roll History of the World
Jeff Buckley's career was really only just starting at the point where he died. He'd released one album, which had done well for him, especially his cover of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah" (although ironically, it was not released as a single until long after his death, it's probably still Buckley's best known work).
Despite the inevitable rumours in such cases, an autopsy showed that Buckley was not drunk or on drugs at the time of his death, and he had not seemed to be suffering any unusual stress or depression. He simply drowned by accident while swimming in a quiet bay of the Mississippi near Memphis, Tennessee. His body was not recovered until June 4, however, which left plenty of time to speculate before the truth could be discovered.
By Source (WP:NFCC#4), Fair use, Link
Memphis — PJ Harvey
A Body Goes Down — Duncan Sheik
Memphis Skyline — Rufus Wainwright
Tagged 1997, A Body Goes Down, Duncan Sheik, Jeff Buckley, May 29, Memphis, Memphis Skyline, PJ Harvey, Rufus Wainwright
August 1997 — "Red Rocket 7" begins publication
By admin 222 Content, Culture, Rock n Roll History of the World, The Rock'n'Roll History of the World
The first issue of what would be seven in total was published by Dark Horse Comics in August of 1997. Creator Mike Allred, unable to get the rights to do a Ziggy Stardust story, modified his ideas slightly into these stories of Bowie-inspired lunacy, science fiction and the secret history of pop music.
It was republished in a collected form on several occasions thereafter, and Bowie eventually read and enjoyed it.
By http://comicbookdb.com/graphics/comic_graphics/1/177/55788_20070405175251_large.jpg, Fair use, Link
New Killer Star — David Bowie
Tagged 1997, David Bowie, New Killer Star, Red Rocket 7
December 5, 1997 — "Good Will Hunting" premieres
By Loki 222 Content, Culture, Rock n Roll History of the World, The Rock'n'Roll History of the World
"Good Will Hunting" was the first film written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck. Directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Affleck, Damon, Robin Williams, Minnie Driver and Stellan Skarsgård, the film was an immediate success both commercially and critically. It would go on to win two Oscars, one for Best Supporting Actor (Williams) and the other for Best Screenplay…
…which may account for why Damon is yet to write any other screenplays, and Affleck did not write another movie for a decade (and when he did, it was an adaptation): when you win the most coveted award in your profession the first time out, how do you top that the second time?
Run This Town — Jay-Z
Tagged 1997, Ben Affleck, Dec 5, Good Will Hunting, Jay-Z, Matt Damon, Run This Town

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Apple is making a major environmental commitment in the most polluting country on the planet
Rob Price
Randi Hausken on Flickr
Apple is launching a major new environmental initiative in China as part of its commitment to "power all its operations worldwide on 100% renewable energy."
Partnering with the World Wildlife Fund, the Cupertino company plans to "protect as much as 1 million acres of responsibly managed working forests which provide fiber for pulp, paper, and wood products."
It also plans to increase its use of renewable energy sources at its manufacturing facilities in China.
Much of Apple's manufacturing is done in China — but the Asian country's poor environmental track record is at odds with Apple's increasing commitment to green issues. China is the top polluter in the world, responsible for almost one-fourth of global carbon emissions, according to data from the World Bank. The US, the next highest, clocks in at about 16%.
Last month, Apple announced it was partnering with SunPower to build two solar plants in China's Suchuan province, which the company says "will generate far more energy than needed to power all of Apple's corporate offices and retail stores in China."
Elsewhere in the world, Apple announced in February that it was spending $2 billion to build a renewably powered data center in both Ireland and Denmark.
Apple also recently bought 36,000 acres of private forestland in Maine and North Carolina with the Conservation Fund as part of a commitment to get 100% of paper packaging from renewable sources. The China announcement — far larger in scope — shows the Cupertino company doubling down on this pledge.
Apple CEO Tim Cook said Apple was "excited to work with leaders in our supply chain who want to be on the cutting edge of China's green transformation." In addition to Apple, Amazon, Google, and Facebook have pledged to shift to 100% renewable energy over the long-term.
Here's the complete press release:
BEIJING—May 11, 2015—Apple® today announced an expansion of its renewable energy and environmental protection initiatives in China, including a new multi-year project with World Wildlife Fund to significantly increase responsibly managed forests across China. The new forestland program aims to protect as much as 1 million acres of responsibly managed working forests which provide fiber for pulp, paper and wood products.
Apple's goal is to achieve a net-zero impact on the world's supply of sustainable virgin fiber and power all its operations worldwide on 100 percent renewable energy.
"Forests, like energy, can be renewable resources," said Lisa Jackson, Apple's vice president of Environmental Initiatives. "We believe we can run on naturally renewable resources and ensure that we protect—and create—as much sustainable working forest as needed to produce the virgin paper in our product packaging. This is an important step toward that goal and our commitment to leave the world better than we found it."
Apple also announced its intent to expand its industry-leading renewable energy projects to manufacturing facilities in China.
"We've set an example by greening our data centers, retail stores and corporate offices, and we're ready to start leading the way toward reducing carbon emissions from manufacturing," said Tim Cook, Apple's CEO. "This won't happen overnight—in fact it will take years—but it's important work that has to happen, and Apple is in a unique position to take the initiative toward this ambitious goal. It is a responsibility we accept. We are excited to work with leaders in our supply chain who want to be on the cutting edge of China's green transformation."
Today's announcements come three weeks after Apple launched its first major solar project in China. Solar installations in Sichuan Province will generate far more energy than needed to power all of Apple's corporate offices and retail stores in China.
Apple is partnering with Leshan Electric Power Co., Sichuan Development Holding Co., Ltd, Tianjin Tsinlien Investment Holding Co., Ltd, Tianjin Zhonghuan Semiconductor Co., Ltd, and SunPower Corporation on the project encompassing two 20-megawatt solar farms. Together the project will generate up to 80 million kilowatt hours per year of clean energy, enough to power the equivalent of 61,000 Chinese homes. That's clean energy added to the grid that would otherwise not be there.
The solar projects were carefully designed to minimize their ecological impact and protect the grasslands that support the yak population, which is also important to the local economy. Today 87 percent of Apple's global operations run on renewable energy, and the Sichuan Province solar project will bring Apple even closer to its commitment to reach 100 percent.
"Apple's support for this project and its environmental leadership show that protecting forests is not just good for society but important for business," said Lo Sze Ping, Chief Executive Officer for WWF China. "This collaboration between our two organizations will seek to reduce China's ecological footprint by helping produce more wood from responsibly managed forests within its own borders. Doing so is essential to China, the world's biggest timber importer. Our hope is this will catalyze a new model of corporate leadership in promoting sustainable forest management and using paper resources more efficiently and responsibly around the world."
Learn more about Apple's environmental efforts at www.apple.com/environment.
NOW WATCH: Here's Why People Wait In Such Long Lines To Buy Salad At Sweetgreen
More: Apple China Environment


We are excited to announce that the Princess Pedalfest will be supporting and helping to raise awareness to the Union Gospel Mission-Coeur d'Alene facility in 2019!
The Princess Pedalfest wants to help women's and children's causes, and the Union Gospel Mission is such a worthy cause.
Opened in September 2012, the UGM Center for Women and Children is the first long-term, residential recovery center for women with children in Kootenai County. Based on the success of UGM's Women's Recovery in Spokane, the Center provides a warm, home-like setting in which to explore and confront the issues surrounding abuse, addiction and homelessness. With the love of Christ as the foundation, healing permeates body, mind and spirit, and lives are transformed from the inside out.
We continue to be proud supporters of JOSIE'S WARRIOR'S!
This is Josie. Josie has Cystic Fibrosis. Josie's Warriors is a group of athletes helping to raise awareness about Cystic Fibrosis. It is their hope that through their efforts they will help people to become more aware of this disease and help to raise money for research to find a cure!
Princess Pedalfest will donate funds to help FIGHT FOR A CURE!
To find out more about Josie and Josie's Warriors, click the button!


World Refugee Day, June 20, came and went with hardly a notice. I almost missed it.
Sadly, little mention was given in the secular and even religious world to the unprecedented refugee crisis endured by countless fellow human beings who have fled their homes with little more than the shirt on their back.
According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees' (UNHCR) latest report titled "Global Trends," as of 2016 over 65 million people worldwide – a record high – have been forcibly displaced as a result of persecution, violence, conflict or human rights violations (see: http://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2016).
Every single day 28,300 brothers and sisters are forced to flee from their homes.
Especially sad is the fact that children account for over 50 percent of the refugee population.
In just the last six years the number of displaced persons throughout the world has increase approximately 50 percent – from 45.2 million to the current 65.6 million.
Armed conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Burundi, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan and Sudan continue to be the major driving force for this dramatic increase in displaced persons according to UNHCR.
Although the humanitarian need is tremendous, only less than 1 percent of all refugees are resettled worldwide.
According to CNN, at least 2,859 migrants died trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea in 2016.
And while not entirely closed, the United States' refugee doors are barely cracked open.
In fiscal year 2016, according to the Pew Research Center, the U.S. under the Obama administration only allowed 84,995 refugees into the country. And from war-torn nations like the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Syria, the U.S. only permitted the entry of 16,370 and 12,587 refugees respectively.
To make matters worse, President Trump is proposing lowering the total number of refugees permitted into the U.S. in fiscal year 2018 to just 50,000.
Granting such small numbers of desperate refugees permission to enter the U.S. is gravely immoral.
In contrast, according to the UNHCR, the tiny nation of Lebanon is host to the largest number of refugees relative to its national population – where one in every six persons is a refugee. That's equivalent to the U.S. taking in 55 million refugees!
Please sign this UNHCR pledge (see: http://bit.ly/2qPBMdT).


Massage relaxes whole body, stretches muscles and joints. It is ideal for active people, or after physical exertion.
This massage combines traditional Thai massage with special massage oil. It is great for relaxation and best appreciated after full day work.
Foot massages are practiced in many cultures for hundreds of years because they encourage health. Today these massages are considered to be supplementary and alternative medicine, which is used by millions of people to ease their pain, reduce the stress and tension.
This massages is for those who want the best for their body, it combines other massages and is completed with herbal sacks.
Lava stones affect specific parts of the body and heat them. You are being massaged during the application of stones, but also without them. Originally it is not from Thailand, but it is very popular.
Enjoy quick relief with the back massage on your way home from work. Massage focuses on parts that are stiffed by the sedentary job. It is great for everyone who is experiencing some tensions in the back, shoulders or neck.


text:
'I witnessed the best of humanity': Thanks after dramatic A35 deer rescue
Woman's thanks after deer rescue on A35 near Bridport
By Martin Lea @DorsetEchoMart
Jennifer Elkin helped an injured deer at the side on the A35 near Bridport Pictures: Jennifer Elkin/Google Maps/Trevor Parsons
A woman who stopped to help a critically injured deer at the side of a busy road told how she 'witnessed the very best of humanity' in her efforts to get it to safety.
Jennifer Elkin thanked those who helped her following a distressing experience which led to the deer having to be put down.
It is thought the animal had been hit by a vehicle - and could have been lying injured at the side of the A35 near Bridport for almost two days before it was spotted.
When Jennifer came across it, it was concious although its back legs were almost severed.
The incident has prompted a warning to drivers to look out for deer.
Jennifer told how she was driving back home to Bridport on the afternoon of January 6 which she described as being drizzly and overcast.
She said: "I spotted a deer at the roadside which was obviously injured but I noticed that its head was up. There was nowhere to pull in so I drove a little further until I came to a lay-by and walked back along the verge.
"It struggled and bellowed in fear at the sight of me but I sat down on the grass, cradled its head and held my other hand on its back so that I could restrain it. After a few minutes it became calm."
Jennifer didn't have her phone with her but was able to contact her husband via her Apple Watch and told him to call the RSPCA. Unfortunately, rescuers could not respond unless they were given an exact position and she was unable to confirm exactly where she was between Askerswell and Bridport.
She continued: "With the light getting dimmer and real fear setting in, a wonderful thing happened. A young man in a van pulled up on the other side of the road, put on his hazard lights and asked me if I needed help."
Jennifer said the man, who she only knew as 'David' helped her get the deer off the road and into his van. This was made possible after a police car stopped shortly afterwards and the officer halted traffic so they could move the animal safely.
Jennifer climbed in with the deer and she suggested it was taken to Bredy Vets and they rang ahead to let them know.
She said: "The senior vet found both back legs so badly broken they had almost severed and, to make matters worse, he said that it had probably been in that condition for at least 48 hours.
"David and I were devastated but so grateful for the kindness. They put a towel over its head, wrapped a blanket around it and carried it gently into the surgery where they gave it pain relief and then put it to sleep."
Jennifer added: "I didn't have time to thank everyone adequately but had it not been for David, the policeman and the staff at Bredy Vets, we could not have brought relief to that beautiful animal so quickly. A sad end but it could have been much worse.
"I witnessed the very best of humanity that day and would like to say a profound thank you."
Jennifer said it was her personal choice to stop and help the deer and was not critical of those who didn't stop - in fact the conditions and location would've made it difficulty for anyone to pull over.
Bredy Vets said: ''We examined the deer that was brought into the practice - unfortunately its injuries were too severe to treat. Therefore we administered pain relief before humanely euthanizing.
"As vets, we will see and treat wildlife at the practice and if appropriate send for rehabilitation."
The British Deer Society say the number of deer killed or injured on UK roads is likely to exceed 40,000 and may well be nearer 74,000. A high proportion of deer which are hit by cars are not killed outright.
It advises drivers to be 'deer aware' - highest-risk times of seeing deer cross roads are from sunset to midnight, and the hours shortly before and after sunrise. If you see one be aware that more deer may well cross afterwards.
Don't over-swerve to avoid hitting a deer. If a collision with the animal seems inevitable, then hit it while maintaining full control of your car is the safest option.
Only brake sharply and stop if there is no danger of being hit by following traffic, and use your hazard lights.
If you see an injured deer on the roadside or hit a deer call the police who will have access to specialists.


text:
using Microsoft.Extensions.CommandLineUtils;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using NuGet.Packaging;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Reflection.Metadata;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace SourceLink {
    public class Program
    {
        public static int Main(string[] args)
        {
            var app = new CommandLineApplication();
            app.FullName = "Source Code On Demand";
            app.HelpOption("-h|--help");

            app.Command("print-json", PrintJson);
            app.Command("print-documents", PrintDocuments);
            app.Command("print-urls", PrintUrls);
            app.Command("test", Test);

            if (args.Length == 0)
            {
                var version = Version.GetAssemblyInformationalVersion();
                // trim the metadata, in this case a git commit
                int index = version.IndexOf("+");
                if (index > 0)
                    version = version.Substring(0, index);
                Console.WriteLine("SourceLink " + version);
                app.ShowHelp();
                return 0;
            }

            try
            {
                return app.Execute(args);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.Error.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                return -1;
            }
        }

        public static void PrintJson(CommandLineApplication command)
        {
            command.Description = "print the Source Link JSON stored in the pdb or dll";
            var pdbArgument = command.Argument("path", "set path to pdb or dll", false);
            command.HelpOption("-h|--help");

            command.OnExecute(() =>
            {
                var path = pdbArgument.Value;
                if (path == null)
                {
                    command.ShowHelp();
                    return 2;
                }
                if (!File.Exists(path))
                {
                    Console.Error.WriteLine("file does not exist: " + path);
                    return 3;
                }
                using (var drp = DebugReaderProvider.Create(path))
                {
                    if(drp == null)
                    {
                        Console.Error.WriteLine("unable to read debug info: " + path);
                        return 5;
                    }
                    var bytes = GetSourceLinkBytes(drp);
                    if (bytes == null || bytes.Length == 0)
                    {
                        Console.Error.WriteLine("Source Link JSON not found in file: " + path);
                        return 4;
                    }
                    Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes));
                }

                return 0;
            });
        }

        public static void PrintDocuments(CommandLineApplication command)
        {
            command.Description = "print the documents stored in the pdb or dll";
            var pdbArgument = command.Argument("path", "set path to pdb or dll", false);
            command.HelpOption("-h|--help");

            command.OnExecute(() =>
            {
                var path = pdbArgument.Value;
                if (path == null)
                {
                    command.ShowHelp();
                    return 2;
                }
                if (!File.Exists(path))
                {
                    Console.Error.WriteLine("file does not exist: " + path);
                    return 3;
                }

                using (var drp = DebugReaderProvider.Create(path))
                {
                    if (drp == null)
                    {
                        Console.Error.WriteLine("unable to read debug info: " + path);
                        return 4;
                    }
                    foreach (var doc in GetDocuments(drp))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                    }
                }

                return 0;
            });
        }

        public static void PrintUrls(CommandLineApplication command)
        {
            command.Description = "print the URLs for each document based on the Source Link JSON";
            var pdbArgument = command.Argument("path", "set path to pdb or dll", false);
            command.HelpOption("-h|--help");

            command.OnExecute(() =>
            {
                var path = pdbArgument.Value;
                if (path == null)
                {
                    command.ShowHelp();
                    return 2;
                }
                if (!File.Exists(path))
                {
                    Console.Error.WriteLine("file does not exist: " + path);
                    return 3;
                }

                using (var drp = DebugReaderProvider.Create(path))
                {
                    if (drp == null)
                    {
                        Console.Error.WriteLine("unable to read debug info: " + path);
                        return 5;
                    }
                    var missingDocs = new List<Document>();
                    foreach (var doc in GetDocumentsWithUrls(drp))
                    {
                        if (doc.IsEmbedded)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                            Console.WriteLine("embedded");
                        }
                        else if (doc.Url != null)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                            Console.WriteLine(doc.Url);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            missingDocs.Add(doc);
                        }
                    }
                    if (missingDocs.Count > 0)
                    {
                        Console.Error.WriteLine("" + missingDocs.Count + " Documents without URLs:");
                        foreach (var doc in missingDocs)
                        {
                            Console.Error.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                        }
                        return 4;
                    }
                }

                return 0;
            });
        }

        public static int TestFile(string path, IAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider authenticationHeaderValueProvider = null)
        {
            using (var drp = DebugReaderProvider.Create(path))
            {
                if (drp == null)
                {
                    Console.Error.WriteLine("unable to read debug info: " + path);
                    return 5;
                }
                return TestFile(drp, authenticationHeaderValueProvider);
            }
        }

        public static int TestFile(DebugReaderProvider drp, IAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider authenticationHeaderValueProvider = null)
        {
            var missingDocs = new List<Document>();
            var erroredDocs = new List<Document>();
            var documents = GetDocumentsWithUrlHashes(drp, authenticationHeaderValueProvider).GetAwaiter().GetResult();

            foreach (var doc in documents)
            {
                if (doc.IsEmbedded)
                {
                    //Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                    //Console.WriteLine("embedded");
                }
                else if (doc.Url != null)
                {
                    if (doc.Error == null)
                    {
                        //Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                        //Console.WriteLine(doc.Url);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        erroredDocs.Add(doc);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    missingDocs.Add(doc);
                }
            }
            if (missingDocs.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("" + missingDocs.Count + " Documents without URLs:");
                foreach (var doc in missingDocs)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                }
            }
            if (erroredDocs.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("" + erroredDocs.Count + " Documents with errors:");
                foreach (var doc in erroredDocs)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2} {3}", doc.Hash.ToHex(), HashAlgorithmGuids.GetName(doc.HashAlgorithm), LanguageGuids.GetName(doc.Language), doc.Name);
                    Console.WriteLine(doc.Url);
                    Console.WriteLine("error: " + doc.Error);
                }
            }
            if (missingDocs.Count > 0 || erroredDocs.Count > 0)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("sourcelink test failed");
                return 4;
            }

            Console.WriteLine("sourcelink test passed: " + drp.Path);
            return 0;
        }

        public static int TestNupkg(string path, List<string> files, IAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider authenticationHeaderValueProvider = null)
        {
            var errors = 0;
            using (var p = new PackageArchiveReader(File.OpenRead(path)))
            {
                var dlls = new List<string>();
                var pdbs = new HashSet<string>();

                foreach(var f in p.GetFiles())
                {
                    switch (Path.GetExtension(f))
                    {
                        case ".dll":
                            dlls.Add(f);
                            break;
                        case ".pdb":
                            pdbs.Add(f);
                            break;
                    }
                }

                if (files.Count == 0)
                {
                    foreach (var dll in dlls)
                    {
                        var pdb = Path.ChangeExtension(dll, ".pdb");
                        if (pdbs.Contains(pdb))
                        {
                            files.Add(pdb);
                        }
                        else if (!IsSatelliteAssembly(dll, dlls))
                        {
                            files.Add(dll);
                        }
                    }
                }

                foreach(var file in files)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        using (var stream = p.GetStream(file))
                        using (var ms = new MemoryStream()) // seek required
                        {
                            stream.CopyTo(ms);
                            ms.Position = 0;
                            using (var drp = DebugReaderProvider.Create(file, ms))
                            {
                                if (drp == null)
                                {
                                    Console.Error.WriteLine("unable to read debug info: " + path);
                                    return 5;
                                }
                                if (TestFile(drp, authenticationHeaderValueProvider) != 0)
                                {
                                    Console.WriteLine("failed for " + file);
                                    errors++;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    catch (FileNotFoundException)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("file not found: " + file);
                        errors++;
                    }
                }
            }
            return errors;
        }

        private static bool IsSatelliteAssembly(string path, List<string> dlls)
        {
            var match = Regex.Match(path, @"^(.*)/[^/]+/([^/]+).resources.dll$");
            return match.Success && dlls.Contains($"{match.Groups[1]}/{match.Groups[2]}.dll");
        }

        public static void Test(CommandLineApplication command)
        {
            command.Description = "test each URL and verify that the checksums match";
            var pathArgument = command.Argument("path", "path to pdb, dll or nupkg", false);
            var fileOption = command.Option("-f|--file <path>", "the path to a dll or pdb in a nupkg", CommandOptionType.MultipleValue);
            var authOption = command.Option("-a|--use-auth <type>", "Use authentication. Defaults to Basic", CommandOptionType.SingleValue);
            var authEncodingOption = command.Option("-ae|--auth-encoding <encoding>", "Encoding to use on authentication value. Defaults to ASCII", CommandOptionType.SingleValue);
            var authUsernameOption = command.Option("-u|--username <username>", "Username to use to authenticate", CommandOptionType.SingleValue);
            var authPasswordOption = command.Option("-p|--password <password>", "Password for the username that is use to authenticate", CommandOptionType.SingleValue);

            command.HelpOption("-h|--help");

            command.OnExecute(() =>
            {
                var path = pathArgument.Value;
                if (path == null)
                {
                    command.ShowHelp();
                    return 2;
                }
                if (!File.Exists(path))
                {
                    Console.Error.WriteLine("file does not exist: " + path);
                    return 3;
                }

                // collect all the authentication details from the commandline
                var authDetails = (
                    AuthType: authOption.HasValue() ? authOption.Value() ?? "Basic" : null,
                    Encoding: authEncodingOption.HasValue() ? Encoding.GetEncoding(authEncodingOption.Value()) : Encoding.ASCII,
                    Username: authUsernameOption.Value(),
                    Password: authPasswordOption.Value()
                );

                // get the authentication header provider based on the commandline inputs
                var authenticationHeaderValueProvider = GetAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider(authDetails);

                switch (Path.GetExtension(path))
                {
                    case ".dll":
                    case ".pdb":
                        return TestFile(path, authenticationHeaderValueProvider);
                    case ".nupkg":
                        var errors = TestNupkg(path, fileOption.Values, authenticationHeaderValueProvider);
                        if (errors > 0)
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("{0} files did not pass in {1}", errors, path);
                            return 5;
                        }
                        return 0;
                    default:
                        return 4;
                }
            });
        }

        private static IAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider GetAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider((string AuthType, Encoding Encoding, string Username, string password) authDetails)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(authDetails.AuthType))
            {
                return null;
            }

            switch (authDetails.AuthType.ToLower())
            {
                case "basic":
                    return new BasicAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider(authDetails.Username, authDetails.password, authDetails.Encoding);

                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException($"Authentication type of {authDetails.AuthType} is not supported");
            }
        }

        public static readonly Guid SourceLinkId = new Guid("CC110556-A091-4D38-9FEC-25AB9A351A6A");

        public static byte[] GetSourceLinkBytes(DebugReaderProvider drp)
        {
            var mr = drp.GetMetaDataReader();
            if (mr == null) return null;
            var blobh = default(BlobHandle);
            foreach (var cdih in mr.GetCustomDebugInformation(EntityHandle.ModuleDefinition))
            {
                var cdi = mr.GetCustomDebugInformation(cdih);
                if (mr.GetGuid(cdi.Kind) == SourceLinkId)
                    blobh = cdi.Value;
            }
            if (blobh.IsNil) return Array.Empty<byte>();
            return mr.GetBlobBytes(blobh);
        }

        public static readonly Guid EmbeddedSourceId = new Guid("0E8A571B-6926-466E-B4AD-8AB04611F5FE");

        public static bool IsEmbedded(MetadataReader mr, DocumentHandle dh)
        {
            foreach(var cdih in mr.GetCustomDebugInformation(dh))
            {
                var cdi = mr.GetCustomDebugInformation(cdih);
                if (mr.GetGuid(cdi.Kind) == EmbeddedSourceId)
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        public static IEnumerable<Document> GetDocuments(DebugReaderProvider drp)
        {
            var mr = drp.GetMetaDataReader();
            foreach (var dh in mr.Documents)
            {
                if (dh.IsNil) continue;
                var d = mr.GetDocument(dh);
                if (d.Name.IsNil || d.Language.IsNil || d.HashAlgorithm.IsNil || d.Hash.IsNil) continue;
                yield return new Document
                {
                    Name = mr.GetString(d.Name),
                    Language = mr.GetGuid(d.Language),
                    HashAlgorithm = mr.GetGuid(d.HashAlgorithm),
                    Hash = mr.GetBlobBytes(d.Hash),
                    IsEmbedded = IsEmbedded(mr, dh)
                };
            }
        }

        public static IEnumerable<Document> GetDocumentsWithUrls(DebugReaderProvider drp)
        {
            var bytes = GetSourceLinkBytes(drp);
            if (bytes != null)
            {
                var text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);
                var json = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<SourceLinkJson>(text);
                foreach (var doc in GetDocuments(drp))
                {
                    if (!doc.IsEmbedded)
                        doc.Url = GetUrl(doc.Name, json);
                    yield return doc;
                }
            }
        }

        public static string GetUrl(string file, SourceLinkJson json)
        {
            if (json == null) return null;
            foreach (var key in json.documents.Keys)
            {
                if (key.Contains("*"))
                {
                    var pattern = Regex.Escape(key).Replace(@"\*", "(.+)");
                    var regex = new Regex(pattern);
                    var m = regex.Match(file);
                    if (!m.Success) continue;
                    var url = json.documents[key];
                    var path = m.Groups[1].Value.Replace(@"\", "/");
                    return url.Replace("*", path);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (!key.Equals(file, StringComparison.Ordinal)) continue;
                    return json.documents[key];
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        static async Task<IEnumerable<Document>> GetDocumentsWithUrlHashes(DebugReaderProvider drp, IAuthenticationHeaderValueProvider authenticationHeaderValueProvider)
        {
            // https://github.com/ctaggart/SourceLink/blob/v1/Exe/Http.fs
            // https://github.com/ctaggart/SourceLink/blob/v1/Exe/Checksums.fs

            var handler = new HttpClientHandler();
            if (handler.SupportsAutomaticDecompression)
                handler.AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip | DecompressionMethods.Deflate;

            using (var hc = new HttpClient(handler))
            {
                hc.DefaultRequestHeaders.UserAgent.Add(new ProductInfoHeaderValue("SourceLink", "2.0.0"));

                if (authenticationHeaderValueProvider != null)
                {
                    // if authentication is required get the header value
                    hc.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = authenticationHeaderValueProvider.GetValue();
                }

                var tasks = GetDocumentsWithUrls(drp)
                    .Select(doc => CheckDocumentHash(hc, doc))
                    .ToArray();

                await Task.WhenAll(tasks);

                return tasks.Select(x => x.Result);
            }
        }

        static async Task<Document> CheckDocumentHash(HttpClient hc, Document doc)
        {
            if (doc.Url != null)
            {
                await HashUrl(hc, doc);
                if (doc.Error == null)
                {
                    if (!doc.Hash.CollectionEquals(doc.UrlHash))
                    {
                        await HashUrlCrlf(hc, doc);
                        if (doc.Error == null)
                        {
                            if (!doc.Hash.CollectionEquals(doc.UrlHashCrlf))
                            {
                                doc.Error = "url hash does not match: " + doc.Hash.ToHex();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return doc;
        }

        static async Task HashUrl(HttpClient hc, Document doc)
        {
            using (var req = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, doc.Url))
            using (var rsp = await hc.SendAsync(req))
            {
                if (rsp.IsSuccessStatusCode)
                {
                    using (var stream = await rsp.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync())
                    // TODO Is it more efficient to cache?
                    using (var ha = CreateHashAlgorithm(doc.HashAlgorithm))
                    {
                        doc.UrlHash = ha.ComputeHash(stream);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    doc.Error = "url failed " + rsp.StatusCode + ": " + rsp.ReasonPhrase;
                }
            }
        }

        static async Task HashUrlCrlf(HttpClient hc, Document doc)
        {
            using (var req = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, doc.Url))
            using (var rsp = await hc.SendAsync(req))
            {
                if (rsp.IsSuccessStatusCode)
                {
                    using (var stream = await rsp.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync())
                    // TODO Is it more efficient to cache?
                    using (var ha = CreateHashAlgorithm(doc.HashAlgorithm))
                    {
                        var fileBytes = new byte[] { };
                        // https://github.com/ctaggart/SourceLink/blob/v1/Exe/LineFeed.fs#L31-L50
                        // passing UTFEncoding without the BOM set allows it to be detected
                        // http://stackoverflow.com/a/27976558/23059
                        using (var sr = new StreamReader(stream, new UTF8Encoding(false)))
                        {
                            var text = sr.ReadToEnd();
                            var lines = text.Split(new char[] { '\n' });
                            if (lines.Length > 0)
                            {
                                using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
                                {
                                    using (var sw = new StreamWriter(ms, sr.CurrentEncoding))
                                    {
                                        for (var i = 0; i < lines.Length - 1; i++)
                                        {
                                            sw.Write(lines[i]);
                                            sw.Write('\r');
                                            sw.Write('\n');
                                        }
                                        sw.Write(lines[lines.Length - 1]);
                                    }
                                    fileBytes = ms.ToArray();
                                    doc.UrlHashCrlf = ha.ComputeHash(fileBytes);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    doc.Error = "url failed " + rsp.StatusCode + ": " + rsp.ReasonPhrase;
                }
            }
        }

        // IDisposable
        public static HashAlgorithm CreateHashAlgorithm(Guid guid)
        {
            if (guid == HashAlgorithmGuids.md5) return MD5.Create();
            if (guid == HashAlgorithmGuids.sha1) return SHA1.Create();
            if (guid == HashAlgorithmGuids.sha256) return SHA256.Create();
            throw new CryptographicException("unknown HashAlgorithm " + guid);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


BELARUS - Belarus intends to sell more beef to China, representatives of the Embassy of Belarus reported in China after Belarusian Agriculture and Food Minister Leonid Zayats held a series of negotiations in Beijing.
BelTA reports that Mr Zayats met with top executives of the China Meat Association (CMA), Great Silk Road Company, and Chengdu Haiyunda Company. The sides discussed the current state of affairs on the Chinese beef market, an increase in deliveries of Belarusian products, and the implementation of investment projects by Chinese partners in Belarus.
Besides, Mr Zayats met with top executives of CITIC Group and its daughter enterprises specializing in agriculture and finance. The implementation of important bilateral projects was discussed as well as plans concerning investment and trade cooperation between Belarus and CITIC Group in agriculture.
He also met with Minister of the General Administration of Customs of China Ni Yuefeng. The sides discussed cooperation in veterinary science and the access of Belarusian agricultural products to the Chinese market.


Size Large: U$295 - 18"D approx. X-Large: U$395 - 24"D approx.
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Remembering those with love and tenderness with the elegance and sophistication on this gardening styled filled heart wreath. Designed with anemones, ranunculus, spray roses, mini green hydrangeas, green tricks, lisianthus and other textures. Wreaths are delivered on an easel. Please select your color palette: white - blush - bright.


RTA CFO Recipient of Freda Johnson Trail Blazers Award – Ride On.
Congratulations to our very own Bea Reyna-Hickey, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Deputy Executive Director, who was recently awarded the Freda Johnson Trail Blazers award. This award is given to women in public finance who serve as leaders, innovators and mentors in the finance industry. This year, Bea was among nine women who received this prestigious award. Congratulations, Bea! We are extremely proud. Learn more about the Freda Johnson award at www.newpf.org/freda-johnson-award.


text:
Существует несколько научно-исследовательских институтов метрологии:

 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии (ВНИИМ)
 Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт метрологической службы (ВНИИМС)
 Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии (СНИИМ)
 Уральский научно-исследовательский институт метрологии (УНИИМ)

Государственные научные метрологические институты

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


wtf I am! You're not!
Oh man that must have been painful to work like that for so long! Glad to hear it is all going well though, how long of a program is it once you start?
And yes still doing the same old thing, just in a different place now. More money, better place!
HI NAKO! I cant remember when i got back, all that matters is I am here! How have you been?


Welcome to Bookworm Mama, Pepper! I am so honored to have you here today!
Rachel, You. ARE. A. Blessing!! I'm so glad God brought you into my life through books!! Thank you for being such an encouragement to me!
Aww shucks Pepper! I can't wait to hug you at CFRR 2017 in August! Readers, make sure you stay tuned for a special announcement AND Giveaway at the end of the interview!
Well, the 'trite' answer might be that it came from God – because, if you ask my mom, I've always written/told stories. I LOVE story, and I would say that the love for it was cultivated by my Appalachian culture. Oral storytelling is a big deal in the mountains, so I used to love to hear my grandparents, particularly my Granny Spencer, share family history stories back five and six generations. It was fascinating.
I LOVE this so much! I am a huge fan of tradition and passions being passed down.
Um…wow, that's a tough question. I'm not sure. My initial answer would be Anne of Green Gables or Lucy from Chronicles of Narnia. I'd love to say I'm more like Lizzie Bennett or Eowyn from Lord of the Rings, but I'm not sure I have a fiery disposition. Quirky? Yes.
Oh you definitely have a fire in you! I adore Anne and Lucy!
This book is like going home. The story came to life quite of its own design, but once it started I added all the things I love best in books! It's a blend of Blue Ridge Mountains, Appalachian culture, big (hilarious) family dynamics, matchmaking, Britain, a swoony English hero, a quirky, magnanimous heroine, a bunch of adorable kids, Scooby Doo and Indiana Jones references, lots of humor, a historical mystery, a devious villainess, stately manor houses, secret rooms, love letters, and matchmaking all rolled into one…oh, and did I mention brain-numbing romance? When I say it's like coming home, it truly is 1/3 my heritage/family loves, 1/3 my love of Britain/swoony heroes and 1/3 imagination. The need for second chances and love is universal. The healing of forgiveness is less known, but just as needed. The love of family is something that is as ingrained in my mountain-girl heart as the arteries. I think those things are all subjects/themes of this story, because they're a part of life.
Ooooooh, some good names right there!
Ok, I NEED to hear this Chipmunk voice! And your songs are simply gorgeous!
I just finished Kristen Heiztmann's novel, Told You So, and it was SUPERB!!!! I'm really looking forward to reading my crit partner, Amy Leigh Simpson's, work-in-progress soon. She's a fantastic writer. That may be on my list next…besides my research books.
I have heard really good things about Told You So!
I don't know how you can write in two genres. My brain hurts just reading different genres back to back haha!
Write! That's the only way you're going to have something to send to publishers and agents. But second to that is this: Rejection is going to come in one form or the other – so remember, deep down, the heart-reason why you write in the first place.
This is SO good!!! Thank you!
Before we go, can you tell us what is up next for you?
Eeeeep I am SO stinking excited for these books!!!
Thank you so much for joining us today Pepper! I simply ADORE your books...and YOU! It is always a joy chatting with you!
Y'all...Can I just take a moment to COMPLETELY #FOAFA (#freakingoutandflailingabout) over here? If you haven't been able to tell from all of my posts and reviews about Pepper and her books, that Pepper is one of my VERY favorite authors...She is! 100%, totally and completely a FOREVER favorite. God is SO good! And He works in the most mysterious of ways. A few nights ago (AFTER this interview and post was completed), I was debating whether or not to apply for a virtual administrative position with a women's ministry. Volunteer basis, lots of social media stuff, paperwork, etc. I decided to go for it, because it would be great experience and widen my sphere of influence. I needed a couple of references, so I asked a couple of my friends in the bookish world. Among those I asked was Pepper. She replied with "Of course. And if you ever want to volunteer to be my virtual assistant I would be happy to have you." I replied with, "I would be your assistant in a heartbeat!"
From that simple exchange developed a plan, a blessing, and an opportunity that I have been praying and dreaming about for almost 2 years. I, Rachel Dixon, of Bookworm Mama am now officially the Virtual Assistant to THE Pepper Basham. If you don't believe me (it is OK, I am having a hard time believing it myself), you can read it for yourself HERE. I am so thrilled to partner with not only an amazing author, but an amazing woman. One who has become so very dear to my heart over the last year since we met. Pepper encourages, uplifts, speaks the TRUTH...and I love her so much!
I say all of that to tell you that sometimes, when we think there is an incredible opportunity in front of us, that nothing can top, we are blinded by an even better offer that God has placed before us. Keep your eyes and your heart open my friends. Open to His blessings and His love. Because what He has in store for you is greater than you could possibly imagine!
Thank you Pepper for this opportunity to serve you! And my thanks to God for orchestrating the whole thing!
Pepper has graciously provided an eBook copy of Just the Way You Are for ONE lucky reader! Enter via the Rafflecopter form below!
Wow, how exciting - for you and for Pepper! Fun interview. I've loved getting to know Pepper in the last few years. She is such a gifted writer. I know there are great things ahead for her. I am looking forward to reading Just the Way You Are!
Thank you for stopping by Carrie! Pepper is extraordinary and I am humbled and honored to be a part of what God is doing through her!
Did anyone else notice that THE Carrie Turansky left a message and wants to read my book?!?!?!?
Yes, I noticed. You are a gifted author Pepper! No need to pinch yourself, it's true!
Hehe! I feel the same way!
Trisha, thank you for saying that. I appreciate it more than you know!
I love this so very much! And Pep! I can do the chipmunk voice too. We could have a chippetes worship session ;) haha! So proud of you! God's still working. Sky's the limit with a talent like yours. Can't wait to see where he leads.
Thank you Amy! Yes, she truly is!
Ames, LOL!! YES!! We can sing in Chipmunk voices. I see this in our futures.
My favorite kind of hero is the real life, everyday hero. My amazing husband is a prime example of what a real hero is.
I know that a lot of women love their husbands and are thankful for them. I must say though that I don't think they have one near as thoughtful and loving as my sweet guy – but that's just my opinion. :) He is more than my husband - HE IS MY HERO!
In the 34 years we have been together he has always put everyone before himself. He is the most giving person I know. He really showed what a hero he was when my Mom was diagnosed with not only a bad form of cancer but Alzheimer. We became her full time 24/7 caregivers for over 5 years. Dale had always promised Mom that if there was any way that we would keep her home and not put her in a nursing home. He kept that promise even though it meant foregoing the normal luxuries people take for granted like going to the store together, eating out or even vacations. He even took early retirement when it became too much for me to handle by myself. He proved that heroes don't wear capes or fly through the air but rather they cradle an elderly woman in their arms and let her how much he loves her and cleans up the umpteen mess without complaining because he knows she couldn't help it.
Mom's gone now but my hero still stands a head above the mere mortal man in my eyes. He will always be my hero!
Kay, you've defined the most beautiful picture of a true hero. Character shines like gold through suffering. WHAT a story!
Hehe THANK YOU!!! I love YOU!!!
What a happy post! I am excited to read Pepper's new book. And congratulations to you as well, what a dream come true!!!
Thank you so much! And it truly is a stunning story!
God is so amazing! I'm so happy for you in regards to your "Special Announcement."
Looking forward to a great read - thanks!
My pleasure! I truly is fantastic!
Such a wonderful interview! It's exciting to see how God has used Pepper's incredible gift of imaginative story to touch the hearts of some very real people!
All the heart eyes for this!!!
Loved the interview - thank you!! Congrats to both Rachel and Pepper on the V.A.'s position!! Isn't God wonderful and doesn't He have the best surprises in store for us?? Hugs to both of you!!
Hugs to you as well Bonnie!!! Thank you!
Winnie, I am an expert hugger from waaaay back! Bring Them ON!
I am so excited to hug you Winnie!!! Thank you for your encouragement and excitement!
Great interview! Congrats to you both! Love to win this book.
A very uplifting and genuine from-the-heart interview!
Don't you just LOVE Pepper?
I really enjoyed getting to know the author and what inspires them.
Thank you! It is so much fun to learn about the person behind the book!
Great interview! I have never read one of Pepper's books. (Ducking!) I think I need to remedy this though!
*GASP* It's OK! I was behind too...Once you start reading her books, you won't want to stop!
My favorite type of hero is a funny, light-hearted man who can make me laugh. I do love a solid, deep thinker too.
Woohoo, my dear!! I'm soooooooooo HAPPY FOR YOU & PEPPER!!! I love this combination!! You TWO are SIMPLY the SWEETEST!!! Love you!! And God bless this collaboration!
150 days until I can hug you Annie!!! I can't WAIT!!! Thank you for your enthusiasm and encouragement. I LOVE YOU!!!
CONGRATS, Rachel. This is awesome news!
And congrats to Pepper on her upcoming novel. Best of luck to you both.
My favorite type of hero is deep feeling and sensitive yet masks his feelings with a cold side. Pretty much a Mr Darcy type!
Oh Darcy! Be still my heart!
I lvoe Pepper's books and am looking forward to this one!
I don't know if I have a favorite type of hero. The best part about reading fiction is learning about all types of backgrounds and cultures, and finding strength and charm in each of them. For example, when I started reading A Twist of Faith, I wasn't sure how I'd feel about Reese's way of talking. However, his personality really won me over!
This is an excellent example! Thank you Karen!
Exciting news for both of you!!
My favorite type of hero is one who is relatable. Makes mistakes but tries again!!
Can't wait to meet Pepper at CFRR in August!
Ooooh Yay!!! I can't wait for CFRR!!!
Anne, THANK YOU!!!!!! I'm so glad you like my writing and YES..... CFRR!! YAYA!!!!!!
Thanks for the great interview, Pepper & Rachel! I haven't read any of Pepper's books yet, but they are on my TBR list.
My kind of hero is a guy who is strong and handsome, tough but tender, has a sense of humor, and most importantly - loves Jesus and is passionate about his walk with Christ.
I LOVE this answer! Sounds very close to what MY hero (hubby) is like!
Oh nice hero-description!! I think you might like Reese Mitchell a whole lot from my contemporary romance, A Twist of Faith - but if you're more of a historical romance kind of reader, maybe...August? What do you say, Rachel?
I am ashamed I have not met Reese yet...But this definitely sounds like August to me!
Thank you Caryl! An adventure awaits!
Eeeep! I have ATOF on my list to read SOON!But I HAVE read JTWYA....AMAZING!!!
Y'all have completely blown me away with all of your love and support! For both Pepper and myself! I am so honored to have such incredible readers such as yourselves! I wish I could just hug you all!!!
Congrats Rachel! And Congrats on the new book Pepper! This was a wonderful interview.
My favorite kind of hero would be one that is Strong, yet gentle. Smart but not a "know it all" A man that knows how to treat a lady (and others) with respect. He must also have a great sense of humor. It doesn't hurt if he's good looking and well built but those are not top priority. I don't mind a geeky guy with a little fluff.
I love this description Andrea! Thanks for sharing!


text:
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Who Is a Refugee?
By Don Peretz
PIJ Vol. 2 No. 4 1995 - Refugees
Vol. 2 No. 4 1995
Don Peretz
Professor Don Peretz is Professor emeritus at the State University of New York at Binghamton. Among his book is Palestinians, Refugees and the Middle East Peace Process (1995).
Among those issues postponed until permanent status negotiations in the September 1993 Declaration of Principles, signed by Israel and the PLO, was the problem of the refugees. Indeed, a distinction was implied between refugees and "displaced Palestinians/If the latter defined as those "registered on 4 June 1967" presumably Palestinians living in the West Bank and Gaza who were "displaced" as a result of the Six-Day War. Agreement to defer consideration of the refugee problem until the last phase of the peace process is indicative of the difficulties that lie ahead in attempts to cope with the issue, which is likely to prove as controversial as the future of Jerusalem, Jewish settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, or the delineation of borders between Israel and the Palestinian entity or state.
The definition of "refugee" may until now have been merely theoretical, but defining just who is a refugee can become critical. Because there is no agreement on "who is a refugee," there is no agreement on how many Palestinian refugees there are. According to the definition of UNRWA (the United Nations Relief and Works Agency), there were over three million Palestinian refugees by the beginning of 1995, a small percent of the total number of refugees in the world. According to the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) there were 23 million refugees who had fled across international borders and another 26 million "displaced" within their own countries, or one in every 115 of the world's population in some kind of exile early this year. Refugees counted by the UNHCR include 7.5 million in Africa, 5.7 million in Asia, and six million in Europe; these numbers do not include those displaced within their own countries by eth¬nic partition, such as Bosnia. There were another 2.3 million refugees and an uncounted number of displaced persons in the former Soviet republics. These figures do not include the Palestinian refugees who are in a separate category, under jurisdiction of UNRWA, not the UNHCR.
The largest programs monitored by the UNHCR include numbers of refugees equal to those covered by the UNRWA program: Former Yugoslavia - 3.7 million, Afghanistan - three million, Rwanda and Burundi - two mil¬lion, Liberia - 870,000, and Somalia - 550,000. UNRWA's 1995 operational budget of over U.S.$323 million is far larger than the largest UNHCR pro¬gram - $244.7 million for the 3.7 million refugees in the Balkans.
Refugee Qualifications
Why are the Palestinian refugees in a special category? The reason is related to problems of defining refugees that arose after World War II. International law is ambiguous in defining the term, under which, gener¬ally, a refugee is a person who does not have the protection of his country of origin. However, there has never been consensus on a single interna¬tional definition; some governments applied diverse definitions according to the purpose for which the term refugee was used. The 1951 U.N. Refugee Convention was quite precise in defining a refugee as anyone uprooted as a result of violence and the denial of human rights. The emphasis in the Convention was on persecution, i.e., a deliberate act of government against individuals, thus excluding victims of general insecu¬rity, oppression, economic dislocation, or people who did not cross a national boundary to seek refuge. Large numbers of migrants who have not been subjected to individual persecution have not been accepted as refugees although many have received ad hoc humanitarian assistance as de facto or non-Convention refugees. However, as the number of "non ¬Convention refugees" fleeing violent upheavals like those in the Balkans, Africa, and the former Soviet Union multiplies, the international commu¬nity finds increasing difficulty in coping with "refugee" problems.
Differences in defining the term "refugee" have resulted in diverse poli¬cies in dealing with the problem. At times, the UNHCR has been at odds with various governments as a result of these differences. The UNHCR's more generous acceptance of refugee qualifications has in some instances widened the interpretation of who is eligible for assistance. Examples of broadened interpretation of the term include the Organization of African States which in its 1969 Convention of Refugee Problems in Africa includ¬ed anyone "who, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domi¬nation or events seriously disturbing public order in either part or the whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of national habitat in order to seek refuge in another place outside his country of origin or nationality." The 1951 Cartagena Declaration covering Central American refugees included "persons who have fled their country because their lives, safety or freedom have been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violation of human rights or other circumstances which have seriously disturbed public order." The Convention of Europe Defining Refugee Status applies to those "unable or unwilling for ... varied reasons to return to their countries of origin." In the United States and Great Britain, those seeking refuge are required to establish not only their own motivations for flight, but prove to the authorities that there is "reasonable" evidence of persecution should they return to their home countries.
The Palestinian refugee problem has been on the international agenda far longer than most others, and the establishment of UNRWA, the agency charged with dealing with this problem, preceded formation of the UNHCR and most other post-World War II agencies organized to deal with refugee problems. Consequently, the definition of "Palestine refugee" also preceded the various other refugee definitions.
Palestinians registered with UNRWA were deliberately excluded from the competence of the UNHCR and in the 1951 Refugee Convention, on the insistence of the Arab states which regarded the Palestinian problem and its ramifications as sui generis. The Arab states and the Palestinians them¬selves considered their situation distinctive. In most post-war situations, refugees have sought asylum in host countries rather than return to their orig¬inal homes; whereas the Palestinians, almost unanimously, insisted on the "right of return" to their former homes in Israel. Rather than resettlement, the Palestinians and the Arab states supporting them, demanded repatriation.
The United States, the largest contributor to UNRWA and the country most influential in determining its policies, agreed to support continuation of a separate agency for the Palestinian refugees, largely for political rea¬sons. The American government perceived the refugee problem as a major threat to Middle East stability, and "loss" of the Middle East because of its oil, critical to European recovery during the 1950s, would have been considered a major disaster. Therefore UNRWA's definition of Palestine refugee became generally accepted, although it was not all-inclusive.
UNRWA's definition was to a large extent ad hoc, i.e., it developed as a result of field experience. Lacking an accepted definition of eligibility for refugee assistance, it became increasingly evident that the international community would have to be responsible for the care of hundreds of thousands of displaced victims of the 1948 war. Thus, it was necessary, for administrative reasons, to define the problem including eligibility for assistance. The U.N. General Assembly had never defined the term refugee in its resolutions, leav¬ing it up to UNRWA officials to develop their own criteria.
Initially UNRWA defined a refugee "as a needy person who, as a result of the war in Palestine, has lost his home and his means of livelihood." This definition included some 17,000 Jews who had lived in areas of Palestine taken over by Arab forces during the 1948 war and about 50,000 Arabs liv¬ing within Israel's armistice frontiers. Israel took responsibility for these individuals, and by 1950 they were removed from the UNRWA rolls leaving only Palestine Arabs and a few hundred non-Arab Christian Palestinians outside Israel in UNRWA's refugee category.
During the first year of operations, UNRWA classified 940,000 people as refugees. But under U.N. and u.s. pressure, it was forced to pare down its rolls and enforce a more strict definition of refugee. Rectification of UNRWA rolls resulted in the elimination of tens of thousands from assistance.
Refugees and Descendants
Over the years UNRWA continued to refine its classification until the present working definition was reached. It states that: "A Palestine refugee is a person whose normal residence was Palestine for a minimum of two years preceding the conflict in 1948, and who, as a result of the conflict, lost both his home and his means of livelihood and took refuge in one of the countries where UNRWA provides relief [Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank, Gaza]. Refugees within this definition and the direct descendants of such refugees are eligible for Agency assistance if they are: registered with UNRWA; living in the area of UNRWA operations; and in need" (UNRWA, UNRWA 1950-1990: Serving Palestine Refugees. Vienna: April 1990). This definition applies to those who left their homes in Palestine and their descendants (author's emphasis). By 1995, the vast majority of those receiving assistance from UNRWA were descendants, registered in the five host areas. Although the number of refugees in this category had increased from 914,000 in 1950 to over three million by 1995, there were several groups of Palestinians displaced by the Arab-Israeli conflict who did not fit UNRWA's definition. They included several hundred thousand Palestinians in "frontier villages" on the Jordan side of the armistice lines who lost their livelihood when they were cut off from fields on the Israel side of the border; several thousand Gazans in a similar situation; several thousand Beduins cut off from traditional grazing areas, and several thou¬sand needy Palestinians in areas beyond UNRWA operations. In the early 1950s, there were more than 300,000 people in these categories who did not fit UNRWA's refugee definition; they were called" other claimants" whom UNRWA was unable to assist because of lack of funds.
The June 1967 war created a new category - about 100,000 who were refugees a second time, having left their original homes in 1948, and their "temporary" residences in Jordan's West Bank during the 1967 war. Another 100,000 indigenous inhabitants of the West Bank who fled to Jordan did not fit UNRWA's refugee definition; they were called "displaced persons" rather than refugees (see above). This "special category" has been the subject of discussion between Israel and Jordan and the PLO, although negotiations over 1948 refugees have been deferred until final status talks.
When the refugee issue is taken up in final status negotiations, one of the first questions likely to create differences of opinion between Israel and the Palestinians will be how to define refugees, the parameters of the prob¬lem, whether or not a token number of those defined as Palestine refugees can return to Israel, how many can be absorbed economically and politi¬cally in the Palestinian state, who will be eligible for compensation, and whether or not Jews who left Arab countries after 1947 are refugees with claims to be balanced off against those of the Palestinians. Because of the complexity of these issues, those negotiating the peace process may spend several years before major progress is achieved on the refugee question.
© 2023 Palestine-Israel Journal. All Rights Reserved. Articles, excerpts, and translations may not be reproduced in any form without written permission.


text:
''' <summary>
''' Interface that defines a remote directory monitoring instance.
''' </summary>
''' <remarks></remarks>
Public Interface IRemoteDirectoryMonitor
    Inherits IDirectoryMonitor

    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets/sets the path where files that download successfully should be placed.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <value></value>
    ''' <returns>String</returns>
    ''' <remarks></remarks>
    Property DownloadPath() As String

    ''' <summary>
    ''' Gets/sets the uri where files that download successfully should placed.
    ''' </summary>
    ''' <value></value>
    ''' <returns>Uri</returns>
    ''' <remarks></remarks>
    Property DownloadUri() As Uri
End Interface


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text:
My official campaign kickoff press release
February 4, 2013 By mikemangan
Hi BMG – I wanted to share my campaign kickoff press release with you, which will be appearing in this week's Everett newspapers and is already up at NoBo Magazine.
To any BMG readers who live in Everett, I sincerely hope to earn your vote and head to the State House to fight for issues and values we care about.
EVERETT – Alderman Mike Mangan officially kicked off his campaign for State Representative in the upcoming special election, hosting a packed event on Wednesday, January 30th at Shooters Bar and Grill in Everett to formally announce his candidacy to family, friends and supporters. Mangan will seek the Democratic nomination in the primary election on Tuesday, March 5.
Citing his love for Everett and commitment to serving the community as his reasons for entering the race, Mangan said that he would pursue a platform of supporting education funding, investing in public transportation, and job creation to "help make Everett an even better place to live, work, and raise a family."
Mangan, a two-term member of the Board of Aldermen, previously served on the Common Council and as a Board Member on the Everett Housing Authority. He is a member of the Everett Democratic City Committee, President of the E Club, and a long time coach for Everett youth sports including Pop Warner Football, & youth basketball.
Mangan is a twenty year member of the Boston Carmen's Union Local 589, and a member of the Greater Boston Labor Council MASS AFL-CIO. He and his wife, Lori, have three children, Jessica, Kayla, and Brendan, all of whom either attended or still attend Everett Public Schools. Jessica is currently studying education at Fitchburg State while Kayla and Brendan are at Everett High School.
Voters seeking more information about Mangan's candidacy can visit his website at www.mikemangan.net or email him at mike@mikemangan.net.
Filed Under: User Tagged With: everett, special-elections, state-rep


We welcome anyone who wishes to try the game of bowls.
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With the help of the Big Lottery Fund, we have been able to provide a variety of equipment. This includes wheelchairs, different size walking sticks to aid balance and if bending is a problem we have the equipment to pick up bowls. We have bowling arms (see picture) which allow the bowls to be picked up, held and sent down the rink. We have a selection of different size and coloured bowls.
We have kitchen and toilet facilities including a toilet for disabled bowlers.
The number 5 bus stops a short distance from the Club at Scarborough Road, the stops can be seen on the location map on the contacts page.
Barbara Moody (Secretary) 01793 722410 or contact via the contact form.


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text:
TOKYO (12 p.m.)
More Sports / Football
T.J. Watt and Cooper Kupp chasing NFL records during final week
Steelers linebacker T.J. Watt (left) celebrates after a sack against the Browns in Pittsburgh on Sunday. | USA TODAY / VIA REUTERS
One of the most compelling storylines entering the final week of the NFL's regular season is whether Pittsburgh Steelers pass rusher T.J. Watt will set a new single-season sack record.
Watt brought himself within one of the record of 22½ that Michael Strahan set in 2001 with a career-high four sacks of Browns quarterback Baker Mayfield on Monday night. Pittsburgh closes the season at Baltimore, with both teams still mathematically in the hunt for the final playoff spot in the AFC, although they both need a win and significant help.
Watt leads the NFL with 21½ sacks this season, followed by Chicago's Robert Quinn (18), the Browns' Myles Garrett (15), the 49ers' Nick Bosa (15) and the Bengals' Trey Hendrickson (14).
Baltimore quarterback Lamar Jackson has missed the past three games with an ankle injury and didn't practice Wednesday. If he can't play Sunday, Tyler Huntley will get the start.
There has been some debate as to whether an asterisk should be associated with single-season records that are set with the NFL moving to a 17-game schedule. Watt, however, will be listed as the officially record holder by the NFL if he breaks Strahan's mark.
Watt did miss two games earlier this season and has already joined Reggie White as the only players in NFL history to record at least 21 sacks in 14 games or less. Watt and White are also the only players in league history with at least 13 sacks in four consecutive seasons since the NFL officially began tracking sacks in 1982.
Just before this season, Watt inked a four-year, $112 million contract extension that made him the NFL's highest-paid defensive player. He was the runner-up for NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2020 and is averaging 0.93 sacks per game since entering the league in 2017 — the most in league history.
Los Angeles Rams receiver Cooper Kupp will also be chasing two of the league's most hallowed records on Sunday.
He currently leads the NFL in catches (138), receptions (1,829) and touchdowns (15). Kupp has a chance to break Calvin Johnson's record of 1,964 receiving yards set with Detroit in 2012.
The Lions' quarterback that season was current Rams signal-caller Matthew Stafford.
Kupp has recorded at least 136 receiving yards in three different games this season. He had 11 catches for 122 yards in the first meeting against San Francisco this season.
He also needs 11 receptions to tie Michael Thomas' record for catches in a single season.
However, Kupp said Monday that breaking the record "wouldn't hold the same weight" by accomplishing the feat in a 17-game season.
"In all honesty, in my opinion, we're in a very unique season," he said. "We're the longest football season ever played.
"What the guys did that set those records — Mike Thomas, Randy Moss for the touchdowns, what Calvin Johnson did with the yards. What those guys did in 16 games, it wouldn't seem right to, I don't know, for those to be broken in 17 games.
"Those are incredible things, incredible accomplishments. You kind of have to separate the two. I have just an incredible respect for what those guys were able to do, what they were able to accomplish and what they were able to produce for their teams in those 16 games."
Los Angeles Rams, Pittsburgh Steelers, T.J. Watt, Cooper Kupp
Japan approves Pfizer shot for children age 5 to 11 as omicron spreads among cohort


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I have a good cloud. Do you? It's time to move on guys. VMware brings you the best support and service to you. Let's have a ride with VMware.
It is an American company, which provides cloud and virtualization software with service. It is the first company who manages visualize x86 architecture. It holds more than 500,000 customers throughout worldwide. And it also consists of 55,000 partners.
VMware leads industry in support for the mobile work force.
VMware acquired Desktone pioneer of desktop As-A-Service.
VMware migrate vCloude Hydrid services to Europe.
It was founded in the year 1998 by Diane Greene, Mendel Rosenblum, Scott Devine, Edward Wang and Edouard Bugnion. The company was officially launched in February 1999. On 1999 the first product was lunched i.e. VMware workstation with 20 employs. In 2001 it entered to the server market with GSX server. Then in 2003 it launch the virtual centre with vMotion and virtual SMP technology. In 2004, the company was taken by EMC Corporation with $625 million. Then it gradually increased day by day.
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The Xbox is among the most popular gaming consoles available out there currently, and only the PlayStation series from Sony gives a competition to this Microsoft made gaming console.
2013 was a really blessed year for games out there as the Xbox One, one of the best and most powerful gaming consoles out there, got released. Upon arrival, the Xbox One received wide appreciation and popularity for its performance, looks and features. And today, we're here with our own detailed review of the Xbox One by Microsoft.
8 core 1.75 GHz CPU.
8 GB in built flash memory.
500 GB non user replaceable hard drive.
The Xbox One is Microsoft's third installment under the "Xbox" branding and a very futuristic and powerful machine as well. By the introduction of the Xbox One, Microsoft has tried really hard to lift up the utility of this console. The Xbox One is not only a gaming console by any means but can also help you stream videos and music, do Skype calls, browse the web etc., thus bringing in a variety of features.
The looks and feel of the Xbox One is of real high standard and quality, as it should be. The size and overall physical looks of the Xbox One resembles the previous generation Xbox console, the Xbox 360 by some means. Even though the Xbox One looks bulkier than its competitor, the Sony PlayStation 4, it is not an ugly looking console by any means.
The console comes with all proprietary ports such as 3 USB 3.0 ports, HDMI-in and HDMI out ports, IR out port, Ethernet port, Audio Port, and a special one to connect your Kinect device to the Xbox One.
You already might be familiar with the Kinect device, but with the Xbox One, the Kinect is much more integrated with the core performance of the console.
Microsoft has also introduced the "SmartGlass" application that supports all major mobile operating systems like iOS, Android and Windows Phone and acts as a client to sync with your Xbox account and the system. Using this application, you'll be able to view and respond to message quite easily and the application also syncs with the gameplay with some supported games and can also be used to view live progress or even to call for help with your Xbox gaming contacts.
When the comparison is between the Xbox One and the Sony PlayStation 4, the Xbox seems to be the over-priced console with certain limitations and a very bulky design. However, in the past if you've been a satisfied customer of the Xbox or if you wish to the among the early adopters for the Xbox One, then you must get one now.
Most of the issues regarding the Xbox One are software related and a much-appreciated software update is said to be under cards and should be enough to resolve any known issues with the Xbox One.


text:
Roberto María Ortiz (mit vollem Namen Jaime Gerardo Roberto Marcelino Maria Ortiz Lizardi) (* 24. September 1886 in Buenos Aires; † 15. Juli 1942) war argentinischer Präsident vom 20. Februar 1938 bis zum 27. Juni 1942.

Als Student an der Universität Buenos Aires wirkte er 1905 bei einem erfolglosen Umsturz mit. 1909 wurde er Rechtsanwalt. Er trat in die Unión Cívica Radical ein und wurde 1920 in den argentinischen Nationalkongress gewählt. Von 1925 bis 1928 war er Arbeitsminister. Er unterstützte den rechtsgerichteten Umsturz von 1930 und diente als Schatzminister von 1935 bis 1937.

Im Präsidentschaftswahlkampf 1937 war er der Kandidat der Regierungspartei und gewann, obwohl die Opposition ihn des Wahlbetrugs beschuldigte – solche Praktiken waren in den 1930er Jahren in Argentinien ("década infame" – deutsch: berüchtigtes Jahrzehnt) notorisch. Ortiz hat diese Beschuldigungen nicht abgestritten, aber als er im Amt war, bemühte er sich um Stärkung der Demokratie in der argentinischen Politik. Er unterstützte im Zweiten Weltkrieg die Alliierten, erklärte jedoch Deutschland wegen der Opposition in der Armee nicht den Krieg. Ortiz erkrankte 1940 schwer an Diabetes, sodass er im August 1940 durch den erzkonservativen Vizepräsidenten Ramón Castillo ersetzt wurde, der mit Deutschland sympathisierte und auch die alte Wahlbetrugspolitik wieder herstellte.

Literatur
 Fernando Artavia: Ortiz, Roberto Marcelino. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Judenfeindschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Bd. 2/2: Personen L–Z. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-24072-0, S. 605.

Weblinks
 http://www.mundoandino.com/Argentina/Roberto-Maria-Ortiz

Präsident (Argentinien)
Arbeitsminister (Argentinien)
Mitglied der Abgeordnetenkammer (Argentinien)
Mitglied der Unión Cívica Radical
Politiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Träger des Finnischen Ordens der Weißen Rose (Großkreuz mit Ordenskette)
Rechtsanwalt (Argentinien)
Argentinier
Geboren 1886
Gestorben 1942
Mann