This property sold for $265,000 almost 3 years ago.
Rarely available Bishop Manor 1-bedroom unit with Washer/Dryer inside. Secured building. Pet friendly. Partially renovated. Excellent and convenient location. Walking distance to markets, restaurants, Ala Moana Shopping Center, Walmart, Ala Moana Beach Park. Washer/Dryer units currently are side-by-side; but could be easily converted to Stack-up unit to save space. Ideal for first time home buyers and investment rental property. To be sold "as-is". This one will go very quickly.
Listing courtesy of HI_CENTRAL_MLS / Dower Realty, Inc.
Listing Provided Courtesy of Dower Realty, Inc.


Jeff Long is currently on the board of TOP. Previously, he served as Presidents in 2003 and 2004.
Jeff is currently the general manager of Fitness Formula Clubs and was formerly the head tennis professional at Midtown Tennis Club.


Welcome to the Kindle Fire Giveaway!!!
That's right, folks. Twenty-four other bloggers and I, under the super fantastic organizational skills of Kathy @ I Am A Reader, Not A Writer, have teamed up to bring you this freaking awesome giveaway! So enter via the Rafflecopter below for the chance to win yourself a shiny, gorgeous, new Kindle Fire and a $50 gift card to fill it up with books!
You must fill out the Rafflecopter form below to enter. Rules and details are listed below the Rafflecopter form.


text:
UPDATE 1-Argentina grants offshore oil, gas exploration permits in Malvinas West basin
May 18, 2019 by ideasexplorer, posted in Company News
BUENOS AIRES (Reuters) – Argentina awarded permits for hydrocarbon exploration in 18 areas off its southern coast to companies including Exxon Mobil Corp, Total SA, YPF SA and Royal Dutch Shell Plc, the government said on Friday. The winning companies offered bids totaling $724 million, the government said in official statements, and won the rights to explore for up to 13 years in areas of the South Atlantic, some near the Malvinas Islands under the control of the British government but whose sovereignty is claimed by Argentina. The other companies that will make up exploration consortia in Argentina's Malvinas West basin include BP, Qatar Petroleum, Tullow Oil, Pluspetrol, Wintershall, Equinor, Eni, Mitsui &Co Ltd and Tecpetrol SA. Offshore exploration could boost Argentina's reserves, which fell in the last decade due to regulations that discouraged foreign investment in the energy sector. President Mauricio Macri has sought to increase energy output. In 2018, 18 percent of the country's gas production came from offshore areas. The government will issue the permits between June and August, giving the companies up to 13 years to explore the deepest areas, and 11 years for the concessions closest to the coast, the economy ministry said in a statement. "Activities will include drilling at least two wells, and during the lifetime of these permits the companies can apply for a 35-year production license for these areas," it said. The biggest bid was for the MLO-115 block of the West Malvinas basin, at $105.97 million from a consortium made up of Tullow, Pluspetrol and Wintershall, the ministry said.
Previous postU.S. citizen shot dead in Nicaraguan prison was a Navy veteran, critic of President Ortega
Next postExclusive: Saudi's Falih says not sure there is oil shortage, OPEC will act

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Maybe we spend too much time comparing "us versus them", but when it comes to what products you put on your body, face and hair, what you don't know can hurt you. Did you know that mineral oils and other petroleum distillates are prominent in most products produced by typical manufacturers? And, the oils you buy for tanning, deep hydrating, massage and in your bath are almost always mineral oil based?
A 2011 study published in the Journal of Women's Health reported, "There is strong evidence that mineral oil hydrocarbons are the greatest contaminant of the human body.
The researchers removed fat specimens from 142 women who were undergoing C-sections, and collected milk samples from them post-delivery. They found that both the fat and the milk were contaminated with mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons. The authors concluded, "The increase in MOSH [mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons] concentration in human fat tissue with age suggests an accumulation over time. Cosmetics might be a relevant source of the contamination."
Dr Ray Peat affirmed the study saying, "certain components of mineral oil (which is in many cosmetics) are toxic, and any that does get into the system does not metabolize."
According to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), 80 percent of all beauty products with Mineral Oil or Petroleum have impurities that are linked to cancer and other health concerns. The EWG report goes on to say, "These trace contaminants in petroleum-based ingredients often readily penetrate the skin according to government and industry studies, and their presence in products is not restricted by government safety standards — they are legal at any level."
And here's why that's a problem. The scariest of these possible contaminants is called 1,4 dioxin, an impurity found in 22 percent of all petroleum-based cosmetics that is a possible human carcinogen and known animal carcinogen.
Petroleum and mineral oil are "occlusive" agent, meaning they seal off the skin from air, water or anything else getting in (or out). Wherever they're applied, they form an invisible film on the surface that blocks the pores and the skin's natural respiration process. Blocked pores means trapped dirt and oil leading to blackheads, pimples, and whiteheads.
The occlusive nature of petroleum and mineral oil can create a warm, moist environment for yeast and fungus to grow. A 2000 study in Pediatrics found that extremely low birth weight infants treated with petroleum jelly were more likely to develop systemic candidiasis.
And you should never put petroleum or mineral oil-based products on a sunburn. Because they form a seal, they'll lock in the heat into your skin, making the burn worse, not better.
Again, petroleum and mineral oil are occlusive, meaning they form a barrier on your skin.
These agents don't allow moisture to be absorbed from the atmosphere, like other emollients can, and they will restrict absorption of the other beneficial ingredients that are in your skincare products. And there's just nothing in petroleum or mineral oil that's going to nourish your skin from the inside out. These are cheap filler materials and that's why they're so prominent in beauty products.
Estrogen dominance is a common condition. Those affected by that have a high ratio of estrogen, with little to no progesterone to balance its effects in the body. Chemicals that are present in our environment, called xenoestrogens, are one of the biggest culprits and their action may be much more potent than the natural form.
Petroleum-based products are classified as xenoestrogens. A series of 2011 studies in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry found that they can indeed produce estrogenic effects, "The present study indicates that oils contain compounds with possible endocrine-disrupting potential, some of them acting via the hormone receptors."
These products and their contaminants build up in the body, so it stands to reason that long-term exposure might exacerbate hormonal imbalances.
Absolutely Natural NEVER uses mineral oil or other petroleum distillates in our products. Instead we search the world for the best nature has to offer. Our tanning oils, massage oils, beauty oils and muscle relief oils are natural and full of nutrients.
Oils like Borage and Cranberry Seed which are excellent anti-inflammatories. Deeply hydrating oils such as Camellia and Evening Primrose. Anti-oxidants like Green Tea, Red Raspberry and Grapeseed which are also collagen boosters. Hemp Seed which can help treat eczema, acne, psoriasis and dry skin.
Rose Hips which is Ultra Rich in Vitamin C and Sunflower which helps relive skin irritations. Jojoba and Squalane are nutrient rich and can help replace moisture to the skin.
We have more comprehensive breakdowns on our website, but the bottom line is simple… every oil we have in our many formulas is carefully selected for specific purposes and always results in a product that has non-paralleled quality.


text:
Home › Latest opinion pieces from across the FE & skills sector
Go Team UK
Expert Contributor
We must dispel the image of a male coder sitting in a dark room all night
I wish FE offered a broader range of subjects to study
Andrew Beel reflects on his happy memories of WorldSkills and provides some good advice for the latest national team for EuroSkills.
After reading the announcement that WorldSkills UK had selected the team to compete at EuroSkills Gothenburg 2016, I admit I felt a little jealous.
As a former competitor, I am always pleased to hear about the next team going forwards to compete, but I wish it was my turn again.
Of course preparing to represent your country on the international stage is not easy.
It was four years of hard work. I spent every spare minute I had training for the international competitions.
Your social life disappears, and for a 20-year-old that is hard to accept, but I wouldn't change the experience for anything.
Yes, my name wasn't on the team sheet this week, but I still feel very much part of this team.
As a WorldSkills UK champion, I am working alongside Barry Skea from New College Lanarkshire, who is the UK expert for mechanical engineering CAD (computer aided design), to support the training for Betsy Crosbie.
Betsy, who also attends New College Lanarkshire, is carrying on the college's tradition of producing Team UK members.
Involving past competitors in the training of Team UK is a key part of the WorldSkills UK comprehensive development programme.
No one understands the demands of competing like we do.
We know how frustrating it is to miss a night out with your mates because you have training the next day.
We know how it feels when a task goes horribly wrong during the competition and most importantly how you can get yourself back on track.
For me, having the support of Ryan Sheridan, who competed with me at WorldSkills London 2011, was invaluable. I hope I can offer the same support.
The majority of Team UK will be under 21 when they compete and many are still in the early stages of their apprenticeship.
It can be daunting telling your new employer that you will need time off to train and compete. That is why I always tell competitors to make sure you take the time to explain to your employers that they will also benefit from the competitions.
I first started competing when I was studying an HNC in computer-aided drafting and design at New College Lanarkshire.
I was told that taking part in skills competitions would be a great addition to my CV and would help me get a job. My lecturer wasn't wrong.
When I went for an interview at Pacson Valves, where I have now been promoted to mechanical designer, it was my involvement in competitions which led me to develop my skills as a trainee draughtsman that helped me stand out.
Most importantly, Pacson Valves realised the value I could offer the company if I stayed involved.
It can be daunting telling your new employer that you will need time off to train and compete
The new skills I learned as part of my competition training allowed me to develop standard computer-aided design practises for the engineering team at work, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the department.
My last bit of advice to Team UK is to treasure every moment.
For me, standing on the podium clutching my gold medal is a moment I will never forget.
Not only had I beaten competitors from France and the Netherlands, who had been tough competition over the four-day event, to first place, but I had also achieved the highest score of any UK competitor.
Competing opened so many doors for me and that is why I want to stay involved with WorldSkills UK.
As a skills champion, I recently supported the skills pledge campaign encouraging MPs to show their support for apprenticeships, and I hope to visit schools in my local area of Dundee sharing my career experiences with the students.
Who knows whether there might be a future gold medallist amongst them?


Custom Home Floor Center is a leading flooring company in Dulles VA.
We are your one stop shop for buying floors and having them professionally installed. You'll find our pricing to be the lowest in the area, and we also supply all of the top flooring brands. With our commitment to quality, and dedication to our valued customers, we look forward to helping you find your dream floors in Dulles.
Hardwood floors are an ideal flooring material for homeowners who want an elegant look in their kitchen, living room, bedrooms, or other rooms in their home. They are very durable and can last the entire time you're in your home. We offer both engineered and solid hardwood floors, so you can find the perfect solution for your budget and needs.
If you're looking for a versatile flooring option that is affordable and can fit any room in your home, then laminate floors could be the right choice for you. Laminate comes in a wide variety of designs, and can be made to look like more expensive flooring including hardwood, stone, and tile. This flexibility makes it a great choice no matter what style your home is.
Our carpet Dulles Va is a classic flooring material that offers plenty of benefits for homeowners. It offers comfort, design versatility, and is safe for children to run around and play on. Our carpet Dulles Va is also much more quiet than hard surface floors, so you don't have to worry about being disturbed by loud footsteps when people are walking around.
Ceramic tiling is a popular and one of the most sought-after types of flooring out there. It can come in several different and unique designs. It's sleek design and versatile look accents and complements the room it's in nicely.
Whether you choose to go with hardwoods, laminate, or carpet flooring, you can be confident that you're getting the best pricing and have access to the most trusted brands when you choose Custom Home Floor Center in Dulles VA. Call us at (703) 550- 1200 to get your dream floors today!


text:
The environmental impact of anthropocentrically induced predictability
Goodbrand, Livia Duncan (2012) The environmental impact of anthropocentrically induced predictability. Masters thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Variability is inherently an important characteristic of natural ecosystems. Like any other parameter that may define an organisms' environment, selection has favoured traits and strategies that exploit patterns in the variability of fluctuating physical and biological resources. Here I consider the ways in which animals may be affected by anthropogenic change that reduces variability in natural ecosystems. -- Through many anthropogenic activities, we have inadvertently introduced resource patches into the environment that are fixed in space and that provide animals with regular access to food through time. These predictable food patches have become ubiquitous, and represent a fundamental change for animals that have adapted to a relationship between variability and scale. I provide a theoretical framework through which we can begin to understand the consequences of breaking such a relationship for animals that use information to make foraging decisions. I conclude that predictable resource patches should be favoured by foraging animals because the energetic costs of obtaining information are reduced at these sites. -- I use the ideal free distribution (IFD) theory to test the hypothesis that animals will prefer to forage where resource distributions have become predictable. Given the choice between patches of equal value but that differed in the temporal predictability of their food, juvenile cod gradually developed a preference for the predictable patch over a 5-day experimental period. This preference occurred simultaneously with a reduction in patch sampling behaviour, suggesting that cod were able to reduce the costs of obtaining information at the predictable patch. -- Having observed that the distribution of cod shifted towards the predictable patch in an experimental setting, I examine the effects of introducing a predictable resource patch into a natural environment. Aquaculture sea cages are fixed in space and inadvertently provide stable access to resources to wild animals through time. I consider the effect of sea cages on the distribution of wild fish in coastal marine environments, in which patterns of fluctuating resources are distinguished by a large magnitude of variability. I demonstrate that sea cages can alter the distribution of marine life at large spatial scales, suggesting that there is an energetic advantage to foraging at these sites. Understanding the costs and benefits of this behaviour is needed to predict the outcome of anthropogenic changes that alter patterns of variability in natural ecosystems.
Science, Faculty of > Biology
Marine animals--Food; Marine animals--Effect of human beings on; Fish culture--Environmental aspects.


West Educators Lee Miller Scholarship is an annual award presented in memory and honor of CalWest Founder Lee Miller, established by her family and friends at CalWest Educators Placement.
Lee was a tireless advocate for independent school teaching candidates. She made it a point to see the potential in people and was committed to schools that sought to be inclusive and welcoming. Lee was passionate about mentoring emerging leaders and supporting teachers. She was especially interested in expanding professional development experiences for teachers and in exploring opportunities for school leaders – from entry level through senior leadership positions. The CalWest Educators Lee Miller Scholarship will be awarded annually to educators in NCGS member schools in the form of a scholarship grant to attend the annual NCGS conference.
NCGS is currently accepting applications for the CalWest Educators Lee Miller Scholarship for the 2019 NCGS Conference, Dream, Dare, Do: Girls as Makers, Inventors, Engineers, and Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles, CA, June 24-26. All faculty and administrators at NCGS member schools are eligible to apply.
A committee of the NCGS staff selects the CalWest Scholarship recipient(s).


text:
package org.scotsbots.stronghold;

import org.scotsbots.robotbase.RobotHardware;
import org.scotsbots.robotbase.RobotOperation;
import org.scotsbots.robotbase.RobotVision;

import edu.wpi.first.wpilibj.RobotDrive;
import edu.wpi.first.wpilibj.RobotDrive.MotorType;
import edu.wpi.first.wpilibj.Talon;

public class RobotHardwareTestbot extends RobotHardware
{
	public Talon leftMotors;
	public Talon rightMotors;

	@Override
	public void initialize()
	{
		vision = new RobotVision("10.47.76.20", "cam1");

		leftMotors = new Talon(0);
		rightMotors = new Talon(1);
		drivetrain = new RobotDrive(leftMotors, rightMotors);

		drivetrain.setInvertedMotor(MotorType.kRearLeft, true);
		drivetrain.setInvertedMotor(MotorType.kRearRight, true);
	}

	public void teleopInit()
	{

	}

	@Override
	public void teleop()
	{
		RobotOperation.driveTank(1);
	}

	@Override
	public String getName()
	{
		return "Testbot";
	}

	public boolean usesSingleUSBCamera()
	{
		return true;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Volume 12: Issue 12
National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:884–930. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.015
National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for hemodialysis adequacy: 2015 update. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:884–930. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.015)| false
Erickson KF, et al. Employment among patients starting dialysis in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:265–273. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06470617
Erickson KF, Employment among patients starting dialysis in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:265–273. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0647061710.2215/CJN.06470617)| false
Queeley GL, Campbell ES. Comparing treatment modalities for end-stage renal disease: A meta-analysis. Am Health Drug Benefits 2018; 11:118–127. PMID: 29910844
Queeley GL, Campbell ES. Comparing treatment modalities for end-stage renal disease: A meta-analysis. Am Health Drug Benefits 2018; 11:118–127. PMID: 29910844)| false
Eneanya ND, et al. Longitudinal patterns of health-related quality of life and dialysis modality: A national cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:7. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-1198-5
Eneanya ND, Longitudinal patterns of health-related quality of life and dialysis modality: A national cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:7. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-1198-510.1186/s12882-018-1198-5)| false
Korevaar JC, et al. Effect of starting with hemodialysis compared with peritoneal dialysis in patients new on dialysis treatment: A randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int 2003; 64:2222–28. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00321.x
Korevaar JC, Effect of starting with hemodialysis compared with peritoneal dialysis in patients new on dialysis treatment: A randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int 2003; 64:2222–28. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00321.x10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00321.x)| false
United States Renal Data System. 2019 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2019. https://www.usrds.org/media/2371/2019-executive-summary.pdf
United States Renal Data System. 2019 USRDS annual data report: Epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2019. https://www.usrds.org/media/2371/2019-executive-summary.pdf)| false
Wong B, et al. Comparison of patient survival between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis among patients eligible for both modalities. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 71:344–351. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.08.028
Wong B, Comparison of patient survival between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis among patients eligible for both modalities. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 71:344–351. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.08.02810.1053/j.ajkd.2017.08.028)| false
Yeates K, et al. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are associated with similar outcomes for end-stage renal disease treatment in Canada. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3568–3575. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr674
Yeates K, Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are associated with similar outcomes for end-stage renal disease treatment in Canada. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3568–3575. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr67410.1093/ndt/gfr674)| false
Kumar VA, et al. Survival of propensity matched incident peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in a United States health care system. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1016–1022. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.224
Kumar VA, Survival of propensity matched incident peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in a United States health care system. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1016–1022. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.22410.1038/ki.2014.224)| false
Ghaffari A, et al. PD first: Peritoneal dialysis as the default transition to dialysis therapy. Semin Dial 2013; 26:706–713. doi: 10.1111/sdi.12125
Ghaffari A, PD first: Peritoneal dialysis as the default transition to dialysis therapy. Semin Dial 2013; 26:706–713. doi: 10.1111/sdi.1212510.1111/sdi.12125)| false
Lee MB, Bargman JM. Survival by dialysis modality—Who cares? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1083–1087. doi: 10.2215/CJN.13261215
Lee MB, Bargman JM. Survival by dialysis modality—Who cares? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1083–1087. doi: 10.2215/CJN.1326121510.2215/CJN.13261215)| false
Quality of Life and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis
Ankur Shah
Ankur ShahAnkur Shah, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University. Natasha Dave, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine.
Search for other papers by Ankur Shah in
Natasha Dave
Natasha DaveAnkur Shah, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University. Natasha Dave, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Baylor College of Medicine.
Search for other papers by Natasha Dave in
The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative recommends discussing kidney replacement therapy options when patients reach chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4 or have an estimated GFR <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (1). Preparing patients and vetting the options for renal replacement therapy remain pivotal to providing excellent CKD care, which ultimately leads to better patient outcomes. During these conversations, it is crucial that patients fully examine the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality associated with each therapy. For years, researchers have dedicated their time to examining the effects of these modalities in hopes of better facilitating these discussions. With the 2019 executive order on Advancing American Kidney Health, the number of patients choosing home dialysis therapies is likely to increase in the upcoming years. Given this, we believe it is imperative for all clinicians to review and be well versed in the literature on the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of peritoneal dialysis (PD) before initiating therapy.
The various domains of life are affected when any type of renal replacement therapy is initiated. Dialysis treatments are associated with several limitations, including time commitment, symptoms associated with treatment, and dietary restrictions. These factors, coupled with other social changes, including loss of occupation and hobbies, can significantly affect the quality of life of patients with kidney failure (2).
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has mandated that health-related quality of life (HrQoL) assessments must be made annually. With significant operational differences between PD and hemodialysis (HD), multiple studies have attempted to evaluate whether HrQoL scores vary on the basis of modality. A 2018 systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies with a pooled sample size of 4318 patients found no difference in physical, psychologic, or general domains between the modalities (3). Furthermore, that study evaluated the advancements in both modalities over time. Studies published before 2006 showed no difference in modality, whereas studies published after 2006 showed PD to benefit quality of life. Recently, Eneanya et al. (4) sought to evaluate longitudinal trends in HrQoL using a Fresenius database. Their study compared 880 home modality patients with 4234 in-center patients. The results showed that in-center patients had a significantly lower mean HrQoL at baseline, but irrespective of dialysis type, there was no change of HrQoL in patients who continued to use the same modality. Interestingly, patients who switched from home dialysis to in-center dialysis were found to have a decrease in physical functioning.
Complications specific to PD fall into two major categories: issues with dialysis treatment and complications related to PD. Issues with dialysis treatment include flow dysfunction, infusion pain, drain pain, leak, and ultrafiltration failure. Whereas these obstacles may occur at any time during treatment, physicians must be vigilant and troubleshoot for them as soon as symptoms occur. Complications related to PD include peritonitis, exit site infection, hydrothorax, chyloperitoneum, and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. Conversations about morbidity should be included in discussions of PD as a potential modality. The morbidity of PD will be discussed in more detail in a future ASN Kidney News article.
When examining the association of PD with mortality, nephrologists rely on several observational studies because there are no successful randomized controlled trials. One randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands was attempted in 2003 but was limited for enrollment and therefore underpowered (5). Some of these observational studies examining mortality have often compared PD with HD because researchers have long questioned whether either modality provides a slight advantage over the other.
The United States Renal Data System (USRDS), which collects, analyzes, and distributes information on ESRD patients, found that the adjusted mortality rates in 2016 for HD patients and PD patients were 166 and 154, respectively, per 1000 patient-years (6). This finding added to the perception that there is a clinically significant difference in mortality among dialysis modalities.
A review of the trend over time shows an improvement in unadjusted mortality in PD patients; in those starting peritoneal dialysis in 2003, the 5-year survival was only 42.9%, whereas in those starting PD in 2011, the 5-year survival was 52.1%. Unfortunately, comparing PD and HD patients at face value is problematic. The heterogeneity of PD and HD patients is a major limitation in these studies because PD patients are on average younger, healthier, and more likely to have cystic or glomerular disease, according to the USRDS (6). Wong et al. (7) attempted to control for this by using a standardized assessment of outcomes in patients eligible for both modalities as determined by a multidisciplinary team. They found that among all incident kidney failure patients, PD was associated with a lower risk of death in those <65 years of age. Interestingly, when excluding patients ineligible for PD, they also found that some who were eligible for both modalities had a similar mortality risk that did not vary over time.
With conflicting study results, researchers sought to examine whether perhaps survival benefit changed over time. A large analysis by Yeates et al. (8) compared incident PD and HD patients from 1991 to 2004 from the Canadian Organ Replacement Registry. The results from that study also showed variability in survival, with a favorable risk in PD patients for the first 18 months followed by a favorable risk in HD patients after 36 months. A subgroup analysis between 2001 and 2004 showed that PD was superior for the first 24 months; afterward, both modalities had similar outcomes. That study reaffirms the variations in survival over time and highlights the early benefit for PD patients. Later, Kumar et al. (9) compared the outcomes in matched incident PD and HD patients in the Kaiser Permanente registry. Excluding patients who received dialysis through a central venous catheter during the first 90 days of dialysis, they found that the cumulative risk of death favored PD for the first 3 years, with no difference after that time. This finding led to some clinicians advocating for a transitional kidney failure plan with PD as the primary modality and transition to home HD when residual kidney function is lost (10). However, whereas studies attempt to control heterogenicity among HD and PD patients, it is likely that some residual confounding variables remain. It is difficult to provide an overarching recommendation, especially given the number of conflicting studies.
In conclusion, a true luminary in the field of home dialysis, Joanne Bargman, MD (11), helps capture the essence of this topic with the following statement: "In light of the recent emphasis on patient-centered outcomes and quality of life for patients with kidney disease, we contend that the nephrology community should no longer fund, perform, or publish studies that compare survival by dialysis modality. These studies have become redundant; they are methodologically limited, unhelpful in practice, and therefore a waste of resources."
Several attempts have been made to compare quality of life and patient survival as associated with dialysis modalities. A large meta-analysis spanning >17 years found no difference in HrQoL between dialysis types; however, a recent longitudinal study found decreased scores when patients switched from home to in-center dialysis (3). With no randomized controlled trials and with limited and conflicting observational data, mortality differences between dialysis modalities likely vary over time and should not affect conversations about selecting a dialysis modality. It is important for clinicians to understand and convey findings on the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality associated with each type of dialysis. Discussing these topics with patients can strengthen the provider–patient bond and also help determine the best dialysis modality for each patient.
https://www.kidneynews.org/view/journals/kidney-news/12/12/article-p9_4.xml


text:
Q: Firebase for a "big" amount of data We are planning migrating our application to Firebase for realtime capabilities and to improve performance.
It`s a sales application which stores costumers products and sales data.
Our costumers (we call it Groups) have in general 10 stores each (we call it Companies).
It`s not a big deal to handle this amount of data.
But recently we made a deal with a big Group which has 1.000+ stores (and 20 new ones every month).
My question is how to structure this data without having performance issues and keep the realtime features?
I think if we focus on how to structure Groups-Companies we can handle the other parts (sales, products, etc)
"Groups": {
    "Group1": {
      "name": "Historical Tech Pioneers"
    },
    "Group2": { ... }
}

"Stores": {
    "Store1": {
      "name": "abc",
      "group" "Group1"
    },
    "Store2": {
      "name": "def",
      "group" "Group1"
    },
}

Is this data structure ok to deal with thousands of records every time?
I am very concern about Firebase performance if every time I have to query for over 1.000 stores.
Everybody says that 1.000 records is nothing for Firebase, but I did some tests and found that retrieving 1.000 records is not as fluid as they say.

A: So i have na suggestion that is to organize the firebase data like that for exemple:
"Groups": {
    "Group1": {
        "name": "Historical Tech Pioneers"
        "Stores": {
            "Store1": {
                "name": "abc"
            },
            "Store2": {
                "name": "def"
            }
        },
    },
    "Group2": { ... }
}

And to get the store just poit to Groups>Group1>Stores. For better performance add pages to firebase data, for exemple 10 stores per page.
Note: is only a suggestion.

A: Since fetching data at a location in your database also retrieves all of its child nodes, you want to keep the database structure as flat as possible. Your suggestion resembles the structure in the docs. Which to me seems your on the right track.
Looking at your example i would probably re-structure the Stores-node, to easily get all Stores of a group:
"Stores": {
    "Group1": {
        "Store1": {
            "name": "abc"
        },
        "Store2": {
            "name": "def"
        },
        ...
    },
    ...
}

In the documentation (one example) i have read denormalization is a keyword. Don't be afraid to duplicate data in order to speed up your reads. How you intend to use your data should determine how you structure your data.
As Chris Esplin wrote:
'We have to constantly balance normalization (shallow structures) vs denormalization (deep structure) based on how we want to use our data.'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nothing will solve all our problems, but Buddhism is a good place to start, because at least it's honest, when it's made comprehensible. This is a world subject to suffering, and nothing can change that. We have all the Science in the world now, and yet our lives do not seem to be getting any better, after a long run in which it seems they would, indeed, get better, and even did. Now what?
That's why I like the 'Millennial' generation. I got to know a few, and I like them. I think they like me, too, or at least as much as they could like anyone thrice their age. I attribute it to my general lack of maturity, but there could be other reasons, also. Most importantly they don't seem to like suburbs—fingers crossed—and cars are optional: yes! This is huge!


PrinterMods' new Custom LED Bar for 3D Printers LED lighting kits make it easy and affordable to add plug-and-play LED lighting to virtually any 12V or 24V 3D printer, including the Creality Ender 3, CR-10, Prusa i3, and many more. No soldering is required, and installation takes just minutes on most machines. Cables connect to either the PSU via pre-soldered and crimped spade connectors, or directly to hot end fan power, with no additional wiring needed.


Captain America: The First Avenger will focus on the early days of the Marvel Universe when Steve Rogers volunteers to participate in an experimental program that turns him into the Super Soldier known as Captain America. Chris Evans will star as Captain America and Sebastian Stan will portray Cap's sidekick Bucky in the film. Joe Johnston directs Marvel Studios'. Enjoy this Score Soundtrack by Academy Award nominated composer Alan Silvestri with a new song Star Spangled Man with music by Alan Menken and Lyrics by David Zippel.


Washington DC: Potomac River Cruise*, Lincoln Memorial, Vietnam Veteran Memorial, Korean War Memorial, White House, Capitol Hill, Smithsonian Museums, Jefferson Memorial; Philadelphia: Independence Hall, Liberty Bell; New York City: USS Intrepid Museum*, Empire State Building*, Statue of Liberty Cruise*, Columbia University, Central Park, Time Square, Broadway, Fifth Ave., Madame Tussauds Wax Museum*, Wall Street, Ground Zero, Rockefeller Center, Lincoln Performing Art Center; Boston Common, MIT, Harvard, Quincy Market, Mass State House; Corning Museum of Glass; Niagara Falls State Park, Niagara Jet Boat*, Old Fort Niagara*, Power Vista* and much more for you to discover.
Time Square New Year's Eve Countdown.
4 stars hotel: Hyatt Regency, Crowne Plaza, Marriott or similar.
Yes, it will be a special moment: you will be standing exactly at the location where both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted. The original Bell, with its distinctive crack, is now on display across the street in the Liberty Bell Center. As the birthplace and the second capital city of this nation, Philadelphia is so historical. 150 miles south away is located our new capital ----- Washington D.C. Though the White House remains closed to the public, feel free to take photos outside. Your trip continues with Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Vietnam War Memorial Wall and Korean War Veterans Memorial. You won't miss the opportunity to take our exclusive cruise on Potomac River to explore some best kept secrets in town!
Driving through the hilly Pennsylvania and New York State, a 5-hour bus ride takes you to the Corning Museum of Glass, which maintains the most comprehensive collection of historic and art glass in the world: 35,000 glass pieces representing 35 centuries of glass craftsmanship. In addition, enjoy the hot glass show performed by some most experienced glassblower! Two hundred miles away, the unmatched beauty of the Niagara Falls lit in the colors of the rainbow at night is waiting for you! Amazed by the deafening roar of both the American and the Horseshoe Falls, you are strolling on the riverside with the mist from both falls spraying up in your face. Catch the Niagara's "Legends of Adventure", a dramatic 45-minute IMAX film to see and hear the unforgettable stories of the courageous few who have dared the waters of the powerful Falls.
Return to the falls in the morning, then you can choose either to stay in the Falls Park for self exploration until returning to the hotel or have an in-depth tour by visiting the Hydropower Station and Old Fort Niagara. Nobody than the Native Americans know better about how strategic Niagara Falls' location is, and the Europeans learned it in the hard way! Come to the Old Fort Niagara, it will give you all the insights 99% tourists would never discover. Enjoying the fantastic view of the rivers and mountains in Upstate New York on our comfortable tour bus, you are on the way to Boston. As the Cultural Capital, it has so many "firsts" in the country. Among them is the oldest university ----- Harvard. How did get its name? Is there a real Mr. Harvard? Together with MIT, it has made the town Cambridge even more famous than its counterpart in UK! Remember: our cultural capital is also famous for its fresh lobsters!
Get a close view of Boston's landmarks ----- Trinity Church and John Hancock Tower on Copley Square, century old State House, national first public park Boston Common. Take the harbor cruise and enjoy the fantastic view of this historic city. Have a real Bostonian lunch at the Quincy Market. A 4-hour ride brings you southwest to the City. Before wrap it up for the day, we will have the chance to visit the world famous Madame Tussauds' Wax Museum! Also, with a renovation worth of more than a billion dollars, it is easy to get inspired in the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum Complex ----- a dynamic, interactive and educational journey for all ages.
In the morning we start with upper Manhattan, where President Obama studied at Columbia University, and your senses will be overwhelmed with the music, the variety of stores, the restaurants, and the street prophets and musicians. The energy is relentless. New York is the world's premier performing arts city, and Lincoln Center is its premier institution. Check the offerings here, from the classics to the contemporary, which can include opera, dance, symphonies, jazz, theater, film, and much more. The Times Square New Year's Eve celebration features star-studded musical performances, balloons, pom-poms, confetti, a colorful pyrotechnic display and about a million of your closest friends. Every year as the clock nears midnight on December 31st, the eyes of the world turn once more to the dazzling lights and bustling energy of Times Square. Anticipation runs high. New Year's Eve at the symbolic center of New York City has become more than just a celebration - it's a global tradition. The world holds its breath...and cheers as the clocks strike twelve.
Happy New Year! At first glance New York may seem too overwhelming, but our highly organized tour is designed to give you a taste of the Capital of the World, with much of the City's best in architecture, museums, history, shopping and fun! Just a few of the highlights you are going to see with us: Wall Street and its symbolic Charging Bull, cruise on the Hudson river to take photographs with Stature of Liberty and Brooklyn Bridge, panoramic view of the whole city including Central Park from the observatory deck on Empire State Building, a guided tour of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, an exploration of the newly transformed USS Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, and taking pictures with hundreds of elites' wax figure in Madame Tussauds' Museum. In addition, you may also pass by United Nations Headquarters, the Rockefeller Center, Fifth Avenue and the brand new Freedom Tower on your motorcoach. With hundreds of pictures stored in your digital camera and wonderful memories in your mind, this should be the perfect ending of your multi-day bus tour with Tripedition. By the evening, complimentary motor coach ride (no tour guide accompany) to Philadelphia is provided.
**Note: We reserve the rights to use third party motor coach to provide the transfer between NYC and Philadelphia.
Use of a local third party bus shuttle service may be employed by the tour operator from New York to Philadelphia based on weather/ traffic conditions and the number of travelers choosing to end in Philadelphia.
Drop off location is Philadelphia Chinatown at about 9:00 pm (55 N. 11st Street).


text:
Giants put forth effort, win fourth consecutive game
ATLANTA -- The New York Giants are on another roll. Now, they've got to sustain it.
Eli Manning passed for 303 yards and two touchdowns, leading the Giants to their fourth straight win, a 31-10 decision over the hapless Atlanta Falcons on Monday night.
The Giants (4-2) took control after a wild first quarter in which the teams combined for 24 points. New York scored the final 24 points to send the Michael Vick-less Falcons tumbling to their fifth loss in six games.
"I felt good throwing the ball," said Manning, who completed 12 straight at one point in the first half. "I was getting opportunities in a timely fashion. I was spreading the ball around to all receivers."
The Giants have bounced back after starting the season with losses to Dallas and Green Bay, but they must be mindful of the collapse that knocked them out of the playoffs a year ago.
A five-game winning streak had the Giants at 6-2 midway through the 2006 season, but they managed just two more wins the rest of the way.
Maybe that's why coach Tom Coughlin didn't sound all that enthused.
"I thought sometimes we did play well offensively, and then sometimes we did not," he said. "There were some issues."
Manning threw a pair of touchdown passes and set up another New York TD with three straight completions, which lessened the damage of two interceptions and losing a fumble when John Abraham knocked the ball loose just before the quarterback's arm went forward.
It also helped to be playing the Falcons, who are averaging just 13.2 points a game.
"They are a good defensive football team," Coughlin said. "They have some problems, obviously, on the offensive side of the ball."
Manning was 27-of-39 and put up his highest total since a 312-yard performance against the Cowboys in Week 1.
He hooked up with Amani Toomer on a 5-yard scoring pass in the back-and-forth opening period. Before the half was done, Manning went deep for a 43-yard touchdown to Plaxico Burress that gave the Giants a 21-10 lead; Burress turned to the crowd and bowed after getting wide open down the middle.
The Falcons have little reason to take a bow. Their offense is dreadful, a striking contrast to the high-scoring teams that Bobby Petrino coached in college.
Playing behind a patched-up line, Joey Harrington was sacked four times, had several passes deflected at the line and did plenty of scrambling to avoid New York's fearsome pass rush, which had tied a league record with 12 sacks of Philadelphia's Donovan McNabb two weeks earlier.
The Falcons, who were starting two new tackles because of injuries, actually did a better-than-expected job keeping Osi Umenyiora, Michael Strahan and Co. away from Harrington. That was largely because Harrington went with quick drops and short passes, not leaving much time to open up the passing game.
"Eventually, they started to dominate the line of scrimmage," Petrino said. "We couldn't sustain the run and execute the passing game."
After yanking Harrington the previous week in favor of Byron Leftwich, the Falcons didn't have a backup plan against the Giants. Leftwich, who signed with Atlanta after Week 2, was designated as the third quarterback because of a sore ankle, and backup Chris Redman has not played in a game since 2003.
"Byron probably could have gone in there and played," Petrino said. "But missing two days of practice when he's only been here a month, that would have been hard to do. We decided to stick with Joey and see what he could do."
Which was not much. Harrington was 18-of-39 for 209 yards, putting him in danger of losing another starting job after he was already deposed in Detroit and Miami. The Falcons were totally inept after their quick start, managing 159 yards and nine first downs over the final three quarters, most of them coming after the Giants already had put the game away.
"When they pop in that film," Strahan said, "I don't want them to say the defensive line didn't give it everything we had."
Redman did start warming up at one point late in the first half after Harrington was shaken up on a sack by Antonio Pierce, but the starter was able to stay in the game, much to the chagrin of Atlanta fans who still miss Vick.
When another Falcons possession fizzled with about 10 minutes remaining, the red-clad fans at the Georgia Dome delivered one last round of boos and headed for the exits, leaving a healthy contingent of New York fans to cheer on their team the rest of the way.
The Falcons started quickly, jumping ahead on Morten Andersen's 47-yard field and reclaiming a 10-7 lead when Jerious Norwood broke off 67-yard touchdown run on the first play from scrimmage after Manning's TD pass to Toomer.
New York bounced back to take the lead for good before the quarter was done. Brandon Jacobs broke off a 20-yard run and Manning completed three passes for 56 yards, the last of them a 17-yarder that Toomer gathered in at the 1 and managed to drag both toes along the turf before tumbling out of bounds.
Reuben Droughns powered over on the next play, and the Giants were up 14-10 and on their way.
Toomer became the leading receiver in Giants history with his 587th career reception, and also tied Kyle Rote's club mark with 48 TD catches.
Derrick Ward added New York's final score with just over 3 minutes remaining on a 9-yard run.
Petrino must be wondering why he left a college powerhouse at Louisville.
"I'm frustrated, everybody's frustrated," he said. "We've just got to keep working at it. Eventually, it's going to turn."
Notes: The Giants became just the third team in NFL history with 600 regular-season wins. They are 600-502-33 in franchise history, following Chicago and Green Bay. ... Atlanta reached 100 yards rushing for the first time this season, largely because of Norwood's big run. Starter Warrick Dunn was held to 15 yards on eight carries. ... Atlanta DT Rod Coleman played his first game of the season but wasn't much of a factor with three tackles.
Here are 10 things you might not have known about Patriots' center David Andrews that we learned from his Instagram story Q&A.
One play from each of the Patriots Super Bowl runs that you might've forgotten about.
The New England Patriots announced that they have signed OL Drew Desjarlais to a future contract.
Patriots head coach Bill Belichick got the Patriots back on track in 2021 and is well-deserving of the PFWA's Executive of the Year.


Internationally, some significant policy news in the past month included the appointment of the first female director of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), a climate deal made by European Union (EU) leaders, the United States (US) government's temporary ban on gain-of-function research, and the World Health Organization's (WHO) plans to produce millions of Ebola vaccines by the end of 2015.
Italian physicist Fabiola Gianotti has been named the next director of CERN. She is perhaps best known for her involvement in the groundbreaking work that first revealed the existence of the Higgs boson. When she formally takes office in 2016, Gianotti will be the 16th director of CERN and the first female leader of the renowned laboratory. CERN was founded by 12 countries in 1954, and was initially called the European Council for Nuclear Research. Currently, it consists of 21 members, numerous affiliated organizations, and nation states with observer status.
The European Council recently converged and drafted a new framework for reducing greenhouse gases by 2030. Under this new framework, EU member states must reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 40% (relative to 1990 levels) and increase the proportion of renewable energy to total energy production from the current 14% to 27% by 2030. This ambitious move is hampered, however, by some member nations highly reliant on coal that could veto future decisions and concessions made to large polluters to prevent carbon leakage.
On October 17, the US government announced a temporary ban on gain-of-function research. The ban suspends new grants for gain-of-function research on the flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Researchers who are already being funded have also been asked to halt their work until the moratorium is lifted. Gain-of-function experiments boost the properties of certain pathogens to make them more transmissible or deadly. Results from such experiments often reveal the mechanism through which infectious diseases are spread, and how they may evolve. The moratorium was announced not long after a number of laboratory accidents involving dangerous pathogens had occurred at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia, last July. The ban is set to last until the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) and the National Research Council (NRC) completes a risk-benefit analysis on gains-of-function research. This process is expected to take around a year. Many researchers voiced complaints at a NSABB public meeting on October 22, stating that the ban will cause important research, surveillance, and drug development to be lost and that it would negatively affect their academic careers. However, there are some exemptions being made to the ban – work considered "urgent for public health and national security" by the head of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will be allowed to continue.
On October 24, at a meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, the WHO announced plans to produce millions of two experimental Ebola vaccines by the end of 2015. According to a WHO update on November 7, there have been a total of 13,268 Ebola cases and 4,960 deaths since last December, though many more cases could have gone unreported. Ebola continues to be a serious issue, and the development of vaccines is a vital step to stopping the epidemic. According to Marie-Paul Kieny, who is the WHO assistant director-general for health systems and innovation, two Ebola vaccine candidates are currently undergoing phase I trials and testing of up to five other vaccines could start by 2015. The first phase II and III trials are also set to take place in Liberia in December. Years of trials usually precede mass vaccinations, in order to guarantee a certain level of safety and efficacy. However, the timeline for Ebola vaccines have been significantly accelerated and is thus unprecedented, leading to many ethical questions. Some practical issues must also be resolved, such as who will pay the costs for mass vaccination and how to store the vaccines locally at countries most in need, as the vaccines must be kept at 80 degrees Celsius to maintain efficacy.


Showing results for tags 'astros'.
Majestic Athletic, the former official uniform supplier of Major League Baseball, was too quiet. So someone louder grabbed the mic. In 2019 Under Armour takes over the official MLB uniform contract, an honor they (probably rightfully) stole from Majestic Athletic. How could a smaller brand like Majestic have competed with a sports manufacturing behemoth? Well, I'd have started with one of my favorite dumb marketing buzzwords -- brand extension. One way Majestic could extend their brand is by aligning with a partner who can help elevate their brand. In this case, New Balance -- a rising player in the MLB cleat game -- would be a great partner to help create a custom cleat that leverages Majestic's proprietary FlexBase mesh material, which is what all official on-field MLB uniforms are made of. Not only would this give Majestic and their uniform technology more exposure, but it creates something new, unique, and tangible for fans to care about -- and is a huge revenue opportunity in the process. To view the rest of the concepts, visit my Behance profile.
Hey y'all, I haven't posted here before but I've been a long time follower and have recently signed up. So please forgive me if I'm posting this in the wrong spot. I know that everyone has their favorite Astros uniform, but I personally prefer the 94-99 look. It's one of if not my favorite MLB hat of all time. It bothers me that I've been looking for years for a low profile version of the throwback cap and thought I recently found as close to the actual hat as I've been able to here: http://shop.neweracap.com/style/MLB-Cooperstown-Low-Crown-59FIFTY-Cap/20948652 I needed to wait for pay day and now they no longer have my size (7 3/8). It's close to heartbreaking. They wore the road versions this past Saturday against the Rangers and I think I recall they will honor Bagwell in them on the 19th at home. Is there any info any of you can point me to that might lead me to finding a 7 3/8 size in the low profile? I know that they usually put the throwbacks up for sale near the day that they wear them but I can't help but think I'm just waiting for more disappointment.
Well, I just kinda had to. I wanted to see the current graphics and fonts with the classic rainbows on a button and belt uniform. I fully expect this to be roundly disliked, so have at it!
This is actually an update to a previous concept I did about a year ago. Them being called the Astros, I naturally went with something sleek and futuristic and came up with this... I've been spending too much time at the arcade... ^^; Anyway, I think the uniform is a bit too plain, but I'm not sure what else to add. Any ideas? Also, tell me what you think of the logos, of course.
Didn't want to continue to derail the thread in the main section, but this was my initial concept I mocked up in a few minutes: Anyway, I made a few quick updates to the design when I had a chance and so I thought I'd post it up here for you all to see. It's not where I want it yet, so please be gentle.
For this concept, the Astros go steampunk! I tried to use modern/futuristic design elements that would blend well with an early-20th century aesthetic. I know it's not great, but I can't think of anything else to do with it at the moment. If you have any suggestions on how to improve it, I'd love to hear them.


text:
TwitterLinkedinInstagramFacebook
Reuters showcase Celtic Renewables in the build up to COP26
Global interest in the climate change agenda is building as we near the 26th Conference of Parties in Glasgow.
As part of their focus on COP26, Reuters visited Celtic Renewables to learn about the company's process for converting low-carbon wastes and residues into high-value sustainable chemicals.
The Reuters crew filmed at the recently completed plant in Caledon Green located less than 30 mins from the COP venue in Glasgow and produced a short film about how Celtic Renewables is tackling climate change.
View the entire feature here.
Two days were spent by the crew filming in various locations in Grangemouth, and the surrounding area surrounding including Glengoyne distillery and historic Edinburgh pub the Canny Mans, where company founder Prof Martin Tangney OBE was interviewed about his views on the upcoming UN climate change conference COP26.
The short feature has captured international media attention and local versions of it have been shown from across Europe to Vietnam.
Celtic Renewables has had a breakthrough year, following a very successful Crowdfunding raise in 2020 which allowed them to complete their first plant – the first biorefinery in the UK.
"The international interest in this feature by Reuters shows both the importance of COP and the solutions that innovative companies such as Celtic Renewables can bring to the challenge of combating climate change. We are proud to be playing our part in shaping the future, and with the completion of constructing this first plant we can now get into full production as we aim to bring this technology around the world."
Prof Martin Tangney OBE, Founder and President Celtic Renewables
Celtic Renewables' mission is to re-establish, at a global scale, the Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation process, utilising local low value materials to produce low-carbon, high-value, sustainable products.
Local Solutions ● Global Impacts
Sighthill Campus
Edinburgh, EH11 4BN
enquiries@celtic-renewables.com
© All rights reserved. Celtic Renewables | +44 (0) 131 455 3313 | enquiries@celtic-renewables.com
Made with ❤ by mtc


TAYLOR, Fred (1875-1963). Empire Builders.
Original lithograph with colour, linen backed, as issued by the Empire Marketing Board, printed for H.M. Stationery Office by Thos. Forman & Sons, Nottingham, 1930. 495 x 755 mm.
Showing the explorer/adventurers Cabot, Hudson, Drake, Raleigh, Wolfe, Clive amongst others.


text:
Elemental mercury
emerg/813
WikiDoc Resources for Mercury poisoning
Most recent articles on Mercury poisoning
Most cited articles on Mercury poisoning
Review articles on Mercury poisoning
Articles on Mercury poisoning in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Powerpoint slides on Mercury poisoning
Images of Mercury poisoning
Photos of Mercury poisoning
Podcasts & MP3s on Mercury poisoning
Videos on Mercury poisoning
Cochrane Collaboration on Mercury poisoning
Bandolier on Mercury poisoning
TRIP on Mercury poisoning
Ongoing Trials on Mercury poisoning at Clinical Trials.gov
Trial results on Mercury poisoning
Clinical Trials on Mercury poisoning at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Mercury poisoning
NICE Guidance on Mercury poisoning
NHS PRODIGY Guidance
FDA on Mercury poisoning
CDC on Mercury poisoning
Books on Mercury poisoning
Mercury poisoning in the news
Be alerted to news on Mercury poisoning
News trends on Mercury poisoning
Blogs on Mercury poisoning
Definitions of Mercury poisoning
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Mercury poisoning
Discussion groups on Mercury poisoning
Patient Handouts on Mercury poisoning
Directions to Hospitals Treating Mercury poisoning
Risk calculators and risk factors for Mercury poisoning
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Mercury poisoning
Causes & Risk Factors for Mercury poisoning
Diagnostic studies for Mercury poisoning
Treatment of Mercury poisoning
CME Programs on Mercury poisoning
Mercury poisoning en Espanol
Mercury poisoning en Francais
Mercury poisoning in the Marketplace
Patents on Mercury poisoning
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Mercury poisoning
Toxicology and poison
Toxicology (Forensic) · Toxinology
History of poison
(ICD-10 T36-T65, ICD-9 960-989)
Poison · Venom · Toxicant (Toxin) · Antidote
Acceptable daily intake · Acute toxicity
Bioaccumulation · Biomagnification
Fixed Dose Procedure · LD50 · Lethal dose
Toxic capacity · Toxicity Class
Toxins and venoms
Neurotoxin · Necrotoxin · Hemotoxin
Mycotoxin · Aflatoxin · Phototoxin
List of fictional toxins
Bradford · Minamata · Niigata
Polonium · Bhopal
2007 pet food recalls
List of poisonings
Poisoning types
Toxic metal (Lead · Mercury · Cadmium · Antimony · Arsenic · Beryllium · Iron · Thallium) · Fluoride · Oxygen
Shellfish (Paralytic · Diarrheal
Amnesic) · Ciguatera · Scombroid
Tetrodotoxin
Pesticide · Organophosphate · Food
Nicotine · Theobromine · Carbon monoxide · Vitamin · Medicines
Mushrooms · Plants · Venomous animals
Hazard symbol · Carcinogen
Mutagen · List of Extremely Hazardous Substances · Biological warfare · Food safety
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Mercury poisoning (also known as mercurialism or hydrargyria, or acrodynia when affecting children) is a disease caused by exposure to mercury or its toxic compounds. Mercury is a cumulative heavy metal poison which occurs in its elemental form, inorganically as salts, or organically as organomercury compounds; the three groups vary in effects due to differences in their absorption and metabolism, among other factors.[1] However, with sufficient exposure all mercury-based toxins damage the central nervous system and other organs or organ systems such as the liver or gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms typically include sensory impairment (vision, hearing, speech), disturbed sensation and a lack of coordination. The type and degree of symptoms exhibited depend up on the individual toxin, the dose, and the method and duration of exposure.
Due to its toxicity, there have been campaigns in many countries to ban mercury altogether.
Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling) and desquamation.
Since mercury blocks the degradation pathway of catecholamines, epinephrine excess causes hyperhidrosis (profuse sweating), tachycardia, mercurial ptyalism (hypersalivation) and hypertension (high blood pressure). Mercury is thought to inactivate S-adenosyl-methionine, which is necessary for catecholamine catabolism by catechol-o-methyl transferase.
Affected children may show red cheeks and nose, erythematous lips (red lips), loss of hair, teeth, and nails, transient rashes, hypotonia and photophobia. Other symptoms may include kidney disfunction (e.g. Fanconi syndrome) or neuropsychiatric symptoms (emotional lability, memory impairment, insomnia).
Thus, the clinical presentation may resemble pheochromocytoma or Kawasaki disease.
Mercury poisoning is caused by sufficient exposure to elemental mercury or mercury compounds.
Sources of exposure
Exposure to mercury can occur from breathing contaminated air.[2] The majority of mercury pollution comes from industrial emissions, especially from the burning of fossil fuels--particularly high-sulfur coal. Other industrial sources include mercury mining and smelting, chloralkali process plants, and organic mercurial pesticides.[3] Improper use or disposal of mercury and mercury-containing objects can also cause mercury exposure, for example, after spills of elemental mercury or improper disposal of fluorescent light bulbs.[4] Other sources of mercury vapour include crematoriums, waste incinerators, and volcanoes.[4]
Mercury exposure can also occur by ingestion of contaminated food and water. The consumption of fish is by far the most significant source of ingestion-related mercury exposure in humans, although plants and livestock also contain mercury due to bioaccumulation of mercury from soil, water and atmosphere, and due to biomagnification by ingesting other mercury-containing organisms.[5]
Mercury and many of its chemical compounds, especially organomercury compounds, can also be readily absorbed through direct contact with bare, or in some cases (such as dimethyl mercury) insufficiently protected, skin. Mercury and its compounds are commonly used in chemical laboratories, hospitals, dental clinics, and facilities involved in the production of items such as fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, and explosives.[6]
Toxic effects
Mercury damages the central nervous system, endocrine system, kidneys, and other organs, and adversely affects the mouth, gums, and teeth. Exposure over long periods of time or heavy exposure to mercury vapor can result in brain damage and ultimately death. Mercury and its compounds are particularly toxic to fetuses and infants. Women who have been exposed to mercury in pregnancy have sometimes given birth to children with serious birth defects (see Minamata disease).
Mercury exposure in young children can have severe neurological consequences, preventing nerve sheaths from forming properly. Mercury inhibits the formation of myelin, the building block protein that forms these sheaths.[7]
There is some evidence that mercury poisoning may predispose to Young's syndrome (men with bronchiectasis and low sperm count).[8]
Mercury poisoning in the young has been hypothesized as a cause of autistic behaviors.[9][10] This hypothesis is controversial, as much evidence suggests that about 90% of autism is explained by genetics.[11] The hypothesis has not been confirmed by reliable studies.[12]
Mercury poisoning's effects partially depend on whether it has been caused by exposure to elemental mercury, inorganic mercury compounds (as salts), or organomercury compounds.
Pure elemental mercury is moderately absorbed through the skin, rather poorly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract (often passing through unabsorbed), and readily absorbed as vapor through the lungs. The element is strongly toxic when absorbed as vapor from the respiratory tract, but it is considerably less so when exposure occurs via other routes.
Organic mercury compounds
Compounds of mercury tend to be much more toxic than the element itself, and organic compounds of mercury are often extremely toxic and have been implicated in causing brain and liver damage. The most dangerous mercury compound, dimethyl mercury, is so toxic that even a few microliters spilled on the skin, or even a latex glove, can cause death.[13][14] Dimethylmercury can be fatal within hours or less.[citation needed] One of the chief targets of the toxin is the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). The enzyme is irreversibly inhibited by several mercury compounds, the lipoic acid component of the multienzyme complex binds mercury compounds tightly (mercury binds to the sulfur atoms in lipoic acid) and thus inhibits PDH.
Through bioaccumulation in the environment, methyl mercury works its way up the food chain, reaching high concentrations among populations of some species. Larger species of fish, such as tuna or swordfish, are usually of greater concern than smaller species. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises women of child-bearing age and children to completely avoid swordfish, shark, king mackerel and tilefish and to limit consumption of king crab, snow crab, albacore tuna and tuna steaks to 6 oz. or less per week. However, there is no evidence that moderate consumption of fish in the U.S. poses a significant health hazard. One recent Harvard Medical School study of mothers and their infants suggests that the nutritional benefits of eating fish outweighs the potential drawbacks of methylmercury.[15] In the study, each additional weekly serving of fish consumed by the mother during pregnancy was associated with an increase in infant cognition.
Ethylmercury is a breakdown product of the antibacteriological agent thimerosal which has effects similar but not identical to methyl mercury.
Inorganic mercury compounds
Mercury occurs inorganically as salts such as mercury(II) chloride. Mercury salts primarily affect the gastro-intestinal tract and the kidneys, and can cause severe kidney damage; however, as they can not cross the blood-brain barrier easily, mercury salts inflict little neurological damage without continuous or heavy exposure.[16] As two oxidation states of mercury form salts (Hg+1 and Hg+2), mercury salts occur in both mercury(I) (or mercurous) and mercury(II) (mercuric) forms. Mercury(II) salts are usually more toxic than their mercury(I) counterparts because their solubility in water is greater; thus, they are more readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.[16]
The Standard of Care for mercury poisoning is chelation therapy using DMSA (in U.S.), DMPS and ALA (in Europe, Russia and former Soviet republics). A study of workers involved in the production of mercurous chloride, showed that the sodium salt of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) was effective in lowering the body burden of mercury and in decreasing the urinary mercury concentration to normal levels.[17]
Alternative medicine makes use of these same substances along with others, such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), EDTA and "high sulfur foods". However, it has been shown that inorganic mercury (Hg2+) bound to EDTA (a necessary step in EDTA-induced mercury chelation) forms a complex (HgEDTA) that is "potentially injurious to the neuronal cytoskeleton".[18]
Some of the toxic effects of mercury are in some cases partially or wholly reversible, either through specific therapy or through natural elimination of the metal after exposure has been discontinued. However, heavy or prolonged exposure can do irreversible damage, particularly in fetuses, infants, and young children.
Mercury poisoning can be prevented (or minimized) by eliminating or reducing exposure to mercury and mercury compounds. To that end, many governments and private groups have made efforts to avoid common hazards or to ban mercury altogether.
There have been growing efforts to limit exposure from all sources. For children, these efforts have centered on reducing mercury exposure in its organic form by limiting consumption of contaminated fish such as tuna and swordfish, and fish caught from mercury-contaminated waters. (AAP advocacy)
As a precautionary measure, thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative is being eliminated from vaccines as quickly as manufacturers can alter their production processes and obtain FDA approval. (AAP advocacy)
AAP recommends that pediatricians stop using all mercury-containing devices, including thermometers, and encourage parents to do the same. (AAP advocacy)
The variability among regulations and advisories are at times confusing for the lay person as well as scientists.
Regulating Agency
Regulated activity
Type of mercury compound
Type of limit
US OSHA occupational exposure air elemental mercury Ceiling (not to exceed) 0.1 mg/m³
US OSHA occupational exposure air organic mercury Ceiling (not to exceed) 0.05 mg/m³
US FDA drinking water inorganic mercury Maximum allowable concentration 2 ppb (0.002mg/L)
US FDA eating sea food methyl mercury Maximum allowable concentration 1 ppm
US EPA drinking water inorganic mercury Maximum Contaminant Level 2 ppb (0.002mg/L)
Occurrences of mercury poisoning
From 1932 to 1968 methyl mercury was released into the sea around the city of Minamata in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. The toxin bioaccumulated in fish, which when eaten by the local population caused the largest case of mercury poisoning known. Minamata disease caused the deaths of over 1000 people and permanently disabled a great many more.
Another case of widespread mercury poisoning occurred in rural Iraq in 1971-1972, when grain treated with a methyl mercury-based fungicide that was intended for planting only was used by the rural population to make bread.
In December 1997, a chemistry professor, Karen Wetterhahn, working at Dartmouth College in the United States spilled a drop of dimethyl mercury on her latex glove. She began experiencing the symptoms of mercury poisoning within 5 months of the exposure and, despite treatment, died a few months later.[13][14]
In April of 2000, Alan Chmurny attempted to kill a former employee, Marta Bradley, by pouring mercury into the ventilation system of her car.[20]
The first emperor of unified China, Qin Shi Huang Di, was driven insane and killed by mercury pills intended to give him eternal life.
Acrodynia epidemic
Acrodynia is a type of mercury poisoning in children characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. The word is derived from the Greek, where ακρος means high (as in:in an extremity) and οδυνη means pain. As such, it might be (erroneously) used to indicate that a patient has pain in the hands or feet. However, acrodynia is a disease rather than a symptom.[21] Also known as pink disease, erythredema, Selter's disease, or Swift-Feer disease, acrodynia was relatively commonplace amongst children in the first half of the 20th century.[22] Initially, the cause of the acrodynia epidemic among infants and young children was unknown; however, mercury poisoning, primarily from calomel in teething powders, began to be widely accepted as its cause in the 1950s and 60s.[22] The prevalence of acrodynia decreased greatly after calomel was excluded from most teething powders in 1954.[22]
Because elemental mercury often passes through the GI tract without being absorbed, it was used medically for various purposes until the dangers of mercury poisoning became known. For example, elemental mercury was used to mechanically clear intestinal obstructions (due to its great weight and fluidity), and it was a key ingredient in various medicines throughout history, such as blue mass. The toxic effects often were either not noticed at all, or so subtle or generic that they were attributed to other causes and were not recognized as poisoning caused by mercury. While the usage of mercury in medicine has declined, mercury-containing compounds are still used medically in vaccines and dental amalgam, both of which have been the subject of controversy regarding their potential for mercury poisoning.
Further information: Thimerosal controversy
Thimerosal, a preservative that contains mercury, has been added in very minute amounts to vaccines to prevent their deterioration since the 1930s.[23] No adverse effects of thimerosal have ever been proven, although some allergic reactions have been noted. However, organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics have recommended that the use of thimerosal be reduced as a precautionary measure. Today, with the exception of some flu vaccines, none of the vaccines used in the United States to protect preschool children against twelve infectious diseases contains thimerosal as a preservative.[24]
Further information: Dental amalgam controversy
In recent years, some concern has arisen about the potential toxicity of mercury amalgam in dental restorative procedures (i.e., in tooth fillings).
Mercury poisoning from cosmetics
Some skin whitening products contain the toxic chemical mercury(II) chloride as the active ingredient. When applied, the chemical readily absorbs through the skin into bloodstream.[25][26] The use of mercury in cosmetics is illegal in the United States. However, cosmetics containing mercury are often illegally imported. Following a certified case of mercury poisoning resulting from the use of an imported skin whitening product, the FDA warned against the use of such products.[27][28][29] Symptoms of mercury poisoning have resulted from the use of various mercury-containing cosmetic products.[30][31][32] The use of skin whitening products is especially popular amongst Asian women.[33] In Hong Kong in 2002, two products were discovered to contain between 9,000 to 60,000 times the recommended dose. [34]
Heavy metal poisoning
Minamata disease, industrial mercury pollution
Niigata Minamata disease, industrial mercury pollution
↑ Sweet, Leonard I. (April 2001). "Toxicology and Immunotoxicology of Mercury: A Comparative Review in Fish and Humans". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 4 (2): 161–205. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
↑ "ToxFAQs: Mercury". Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999-04. Retrieved 2007-07-25. Unknown parameter |name= ignored (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Robertson, W.O.(2004). Chronic Poisoning: Trace Metals and Others. In L. Goldman & D. Ausiello (Eds.), Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 22nd Edition. (Vol 1, Ch. 20, pp. 91). Philadelphia: WB Saunders ISBN 0-7216-9653-8
↑ 4.0 4.1 Goldman, Lynn R. (2001-07). "Mercury in the Environment: Implications for Pediatricians". Pediatrics. 108 (1): 197–205. Retrieved 2007-07-25. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ United States Environmental Protection Agency (December 1997), Mercury Study Report to Congress (PDF), 3, Washington, D.C.: United States Environmental Protection Agency
↑ http://movies.commons.ucalgary.ca/showcasetv/mercury
↑ Hendry WF, A'Hern FPA, Cole PJ. Was Young's syndrome caused by mercury exposure in childhood? BMJ 1993;307:1579-82. PMID 8292944
↑ Bernard, S. (April 2001). "Autism: a novel form of mercury poisoning" (PDF). Medical Hypotheses. 56 (4): 462–471. Retrieved 2007-08-09. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Mutter J, Naumann J, Schneider R, Walach H, Haley B (2005). "Mercury and autism: accelerating evidence?" (PDF). Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 26 (5): 439–46. Retrieved 2007-08-15. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Freitag CM (2007). "The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: a review of the literature". Mol Psychiatry. 12 (1): 2–22. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001896. PMID 17033636.
↑ Rutter M (2005). "Incidence of autism spectrum disorders: changes over time and their meaning". Acta Paediatr. 94 (1): 2–15. PMID 15858952.
↑ 13.0 13.1 The Karen Wetterhahn story - University of Bristol web page documenting her death, retrieved December 9th 2006
↑ 14.0 14.1 OSHA update following Karen Wetterhahn's death
↑ Emily Oken, Robert O. Wright, Ken P. Kleinman, David Bellinger, Chitra J. Amarasiriwardena, Howard Hu, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, and Matthew W. Gillman (2005). "Maternal Fish Consumption, Hair Mercury, and Infant Cognition in a U.S. Cohort" (PDF). Environmental Health Perspectives. 113 (10): 1376–80. PMID 16203250. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ 16.0 16.1 Langford, N.J. (October 1999). "Toxicity of mercury" (PDF). Journal of Human Hypertension. 13 (10): 651–656. Retrieved 2007-07-31. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ D. Gonzalez-Ramirez, M. Zuniga-Charles, A. Narro-Juarez, Y. Molina-Recio, K. M. Hurlbut, R. C. Dart and H. V. Aposhian (1998). "DMPS (2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate, Dimaval) Decreases the Body Burden of Mercury in Humans Exposed to Mercurous Chloride" (free full text). Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy. 287 (1): 8–12. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Duhr EF, Pendergrass JC, Slevin JT, & Haley BE. HgEDTA complex inhibits GTP interactions with the E-site of brain beta-tubulin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;122(2):273-80. PMID 8212009
↑ ATSDR - Mercury - Regulations and Advisories
↑ Jose Antonio Vargas (2007-01-26). "'Mad Scientist': On Court TV, Fatal Chemistry". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-01-28. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Horowitz Y, Greenberg D, Ling G, Lifshitz M. Acrodynia: a case report of two siblings. Arch Dis Child 2002; 86: 453. PMID 12023189
↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Ann Dally (1997). "The Rise and Fall of Pink Disease". Social History of Medicine. 10 (2): 291–304. doi:10.1093/shm/10.2.291. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
↑ Clarkson, Thomas W.; Magos, Laszlo; Myers, Gary J. (2003-10-30). "The Toxicology of Mercury — Current Exposures and Clinical Manifestations" (PDF). The New England Journal of Medicine. 349 (18): 1731–1737. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
↑ "NIP: vacsafe/thimerosal default redirect to ISO thimerosal page". Retrieved 2007-07-24.
↑ Counter, S. Allen (Dec 16, 2003), Whitening skin can be deadly, The Boston Globe
↑ Mercury in Cosmetic Skin Whitening Creams
↑ FDA Proposes Hydroquinone Ban FDA bans hydroquinone in skin whitening products
↑ Skin-lightening creams face FDA ban: Dermatologists defend treatment FDA bans hydroquinone in skin whitening products
↑ NYC Health Dept. Warns Against Use of "Skin-lightening" Creams Containing Mercury or Similar Products Which Do Not List Ingredients, Jan 27, 2005
↑ Countera, S. Allen. "Mercury exposure in children: a review" (PDF). Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Clarkson TW, Magos L (2006). "The toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds". Crit Rev Toxicol. 36 (8): 609–62. doi:10.1080/10408440600845619. PMID 16973445.
↑ Mahaffey, Kathryn R., Dynamics of Mercury Pollution on Regional and Global Scales
↑ In a survey, 28% of Koreans and 50% of Philippians say that they use skin whitening products. Skin lightening in Asia? A bright future?
↑ Bray, Marianne, SKIN DEEP: Dying to be white, CNN
Clifton JC 2nd (2007). "Mercury exposure and public health". Pediatr Clin North Am. 54 (2): 237–69, viii. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2007.02.005. PMID 17448359.
ATSDR - Toxicological Profile: Mercury at CDC
National Pollutant Inventory - Mercury and compounds Fact Sheet at Department of the Environment and Water Resources
Overview at NIH
Mercury activity at National Internet Science Educational Resource
Poisoning and toxicity (T36-T65, 960-989)
Toxic metals
Lead - Mercury - Cadmium - Silver
Arsenic - Manganism - Carbon monoxide - Organophosphates - Cyanide - Fluoride - Pesticides - Ethylene glycol
Shellfish poisoning (Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Diarrheal shellfish poisoning, Amnesic shellfish poisoning, Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning) - Ciguatera - Scombroid
Mushroom poisoning - Lathyrism - Ergotism - Coturnism - Haff disease
snake venom (Alpha-Bungarotoxin, Ancrod, Batroxobin)
arthropod venom: bee venom (Apamin, Melittin) - spider venom (Latrotoxin/Latrodectism) - scorpion venom (Charybdotoxin)
amphibian venom: Batrachotoxin - Bombesin - Bufotenin - Physalaemin
Radiation poisoning - Tick paralysis - Poisonous plants - Strychnine poisoning - Cinchonism
de:Quecksilbervergiftung fi:Elohopeamyrkytys
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Mercury_poisoning&oldid=679447"
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
Articles with invalid date parameter in template
Mercury (element)
Element toxicology
This page was last edited 17:20, 9 August 2012 by wikidoc user WikiBot. Based on work by Alexandra, Cafer Zorkun, Jacki Buros (bot) and Alexandra Almonacid and wikidoc anonymous user 201.20.120.123.


Medical malpractice by health professionals consistently result in court cases. Through recklessness of doctors, nurses or paramedics, misdiagnoses, administration of wrong treatments and giving out improper dosages might happen, some with fatal outcomes. To get justice from these instances, you may have to utilize the professional services of a medical malpractice business. Just like you will want the subway in your daily commute, a medical malpractice law firm becomes vital when you are suing a physician. Their technical expertise and years of experience make the competent for this and because of their specialization on this particular division of law, a company with medical malpractice lawyers is better suited to tackle this case more than a criminal lawyer is.
While the government may place rigorous measures in the health sector, blunders caused by health professionals sometimes occur only to hurt a patient in the long run. Just how exactly does a medical malpractice happen? During diagnosis. This is generally the situation when a physician does not adhere to the procedure of determining the root cause of a patient's ailment. A doctor should always conduct evaluations and rely on results to determine what ails a patient, not hunches predicated on symptoms being demonstrated. Giving the incorrect treatment to a patient is also considered medical malpractice. This may be in the kind of injecting with the wrong drug or taking out too much tissue during an operation. Other types of malpractice can occur when the wrong dosage is recommended or when a nurse doesn't follow the physician's instructions during after care.
In the several cases of medical malpractice you've seen a physician or hospital walk away freely, you couldn't help but wonder how inhumane the judge was to make such a ruling. While it might be depressed to see such occurrences, we must remember that justice is blind and doesn't make any party favors. A small technicality can undermine a case and that's why medical malpractice companies as well as their attorneys need to manage such cases with care. To obtain important ground in winning, a medical malpractice business should get a health care worker to testify in the court. This individual should judge from their expertise the service supplied to the victim wasn't up to the required standards. The next component a medical malpractice attorney ought to be able to establish is the fact that the negligence by the health professional led to amputation, infection, or any other injury, or death of the victim.
When suing a hospital for medical negligence, it is rather clear that you will be visiting the hallways of justice a good deal more frequently. This means teaming up with a medical malpractice attorney and concentrating your attention on the case. While you may receive justice, what price are you going to pay? Fiscal prices with regard to lawyer fees. Depending from state to state, lawyer fees is a specified percent from the money awarded as damages. This generally ranges from 30% to 40%. Time invested in the courts could've been used doing other things. Psychological prices should always be considered notably since the ruling can go both ways.
After going back and forth in the court house, fighting a hospital while incurring attorney fees, the judge rules in your favor, the attempt finally pays off and you believe that justice was served. So what makes up a triumph in a medical malpractice litigation? Depending on the case, a judge may grant compensatory or punitive damages. Compensatory damages in a malpractice suit comprise, hospital bills, chances lost while pursuing the case as well as the ones lost in the future as a result of managing from a limited state (limb amputation might have become the harm). Punitive damages is the cash the defendant is necessary to pay to function as punishment for unprofessionalism.


A unit tipped as crucial in a Norfolk hospital's battle to cope with added winter pressures is already making a difference.
The expanded ambulatory care unit was opened by Professor Keith Willett CBE, the medical director for acute care and emergency preparedness for NHS England, at Gorleston's James Paget University Hospital.
An ambulatory care unit was established in the hospital in 2015 and quickly saw a huge increase in activity – a 37pc rise in one year alone.
The old unit was designed to support 20 patients per day but sometimes had to cater for twice that number.
Now, ambulatory care is being delivered from a brand-new, purpose-built facility which is double the size of the old unit – and can see three times as many patients.
•A point of care testing (POCT) room, which includes equipment which can provide diagnostic blood test results within five minutes.
After the opening, Professor Willett said: "The new unit will mean that people can get treated for a number of sudden illnesses, helping patients get safely home where possible on the same day.
Ambulatory nurse practitioner Karen Foden, said the enhanced facilities were already having a positive impact.
"We're really proud of the new facilities," she said. "We are now able to see more patients than before, in far more comfortable surroundings.
On November 15, the ambulatory care team helped a total of 40 patients.
A total of 30 of these patients were new to the unit, with the other 10 returning for on-going treatment/assessment.
Six of these patients had been referred to the unit by local GPs, two other patients had come in for assessment after surgery.
The other 22 patients had either come through the front door of A&E, or had arrived by ambulance.
Previously, all 30 of these patients would have had to wait in A&E – and potentially could have ended up being admitted into hospital.
Out of the day's total of 40 patients seen in ambulatory, only six needed to be admitted and allocated a hospital bed.


You have read one of the best and famous Jawaharal Nehru quotes about adventure. This image quote has been bookmarked for further reading 24 times by our users. You can save it in your bookmarks if you like it too. This can be done here or from our quotes app for iPhone. If this adventure quote gets enough hype it may be included in Quotlr's Daily Quote. This is quote of the day discovery feature from our iOS app with famous quotes everyday.
Jawaharal Nehru has a number of quotes about adventure which you can read on his author page. Among the interests of this are travel. A lot of well known and not so famous quotes and sayings on these topics can be accessed and saved on Quotlr.
Read more Jawaharal Nehru quotes or adventure quotes. Along you have access to thousands of quotes from recognized s like Jawaharal Nehru or other famous quotes.


text:
Coachella 2019 Sunday pics (Lizzo, Blood Orange, Bad Bunny, Pusha T, more)
Andrew Sacher Published: April 15, 2019
photo by White Owl Aerial
With a renewed women's empowerment movement in full effect (Lizzo lit up the Mojave stage earlier) Perry's appearance with Zedd singing their collaborative hit "365" seemed like a breakthrough.
Her appearance came as another celebration was taking place on a smaller stage. This one was a celebration of Coachella the city, not the festival. And it was happening in the venue that the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival has reserved for indigenous music or artists that channel their passion with three guitar chords and something special to say with the accompaniment of a rhythm driven by bass and drums.
That place is the intimate Sonora tent, which has moved into a row of venues that used to be anchored by the massive Sahara. That avenue now includes addresses named after deserts including the Sonora, Gobi and Mojave tents.
The point of the Sonora stage isn't huge crowds. Soccer Mommy, a bass, drums, guitars and keyboards act named for Nashville-bred singer-guitarist Sophie Allison, looked out at a thousand or so people in the enclosed, air-conditioned venue and exclaimed, "Wow, look at all of you!" [Desert Sun]
Coachella wrapped up on Sunday night (4/14) with Ariana Grande's headlining set (featuring appearances by *NSYNC, Nicki Minaj, Diddy and Mase), but before that, day three had lots of other stuff like YG (who dedicated his set to Nipsey Hussle and brought out guests), Zedd (who brought out Katy Perry), Khalid (who brought out Halsey, Billie Eilish, Normani, and Marshmello), H.E.R., Gesaffelstein, Kaytranada, Jon Hopkins, 070 Shake, Blood Orange, Bad Bunny, Soccer Mommy, Lizzo, Playboi Carti, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Pusha T, Men I Trust, SOB x RBE, Burna Boy, Iceage, Rico Nasty, Razorbumps, and more.
Pictures of day three weekend one are in the gallery above, and you can see videos of Katy Perry, Halsey, and Billie Eilish's appearances below.
If you missed it, check out Coachella Friday pics, Coachella Saturday pics, video of Aphex Twin's set, and video of Cardi B's surprise appearance. Stay tuned for Sunday pictures. Coachella Weekend Two happens this coming weekend, and for the first time, weekend two will stream live.
photos by Andrew Jorgensen, Brian Lima, Charles Reagan, Elli Lauren, Greg Noire, Julian Bajsel, Kayla Reefer, Lance Gerber, Miranda McDonald, Pooneh Ghana, Quinn Tucker, Sam Balaban, Timothy Hans, White Owl Aerial, and Yana Yatsuk, courtesy of Coachella
Filed Under: Bad Bunny, Billie Eilish, Blood Orange, CHVRCHES, clairo, Coachella, Coachella 2019, Coachella photos, Coachella pictures, Gesaffelstein, Gucci Gang, Halsey, Iceage, Katy Perry, Khalid, Lizzo, Marshmello, Men I Trust, Playboi Carti, Pusha T, Razorbumps, Rico Nasty, SOB X RBE, soccer mommy, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, YG, Zedd
Categories: Hip Hop news, Music News, Photo Galleries
Smokers Club Fest 2022 lineup (Kid Cudi, A$AP Rocky, Playboi Carti, Joey Bada$$, Earl Sweatshirt, more)
Kurt Vile, Mavis Staples & Soccer Mommy joined Wilco at Sky Blue Sky (video)
Babyface Ray releasing new album 'Face' this month, shares new song ft. Pusha T
Coachella 2022 lineup (Kanye, Billie Eilish, Harry Styles, Megan Thee Stallion, Phoebe Bridgers, more)
Harry Styles reportedly headlining Coachella 2022
Bonnaroo 2022 lineup (Stevie Nicks, Tool, J. Cole, The Chicks, Machine Gun Kelly, more)


To start, we'll do a simple 1D example where we have a model evaluated at control points and we interpolate between them to estimate the model value.
In this case, we'll interpolate a 2D function. This one is a hard one because the posterior is a ring, but it demonstrates the principle.
Set things up and sample.


Rothco and Russell Curran have teamed up to bring us the new TV advert for Heineken-owned cider brand Orchard Thieves, currently airing on TV screens nationwide.
Directed by Stevie Russell, the spot, entitled Start Bold/End Bold, is a palindrome-style ad with a narrative that works in both directions.
3D was supplied by Hubert Montag, Mike McCarthy, and Dave Head.
Donal O'Kane was the Colourist, with Will Farrell providing the Sound Design. Anne-Marie Downes was the Post Production Producer.


text:
Старий Усад — присілок у складі Рузаєвського району Мордовії, Росія.
 Дмитрієв Усад — село у складі Атюр'євського району Мордовії, Росія.
 Кузьмин Усад — село в Арзамаському районі Нижньогородської області Російської Федерації.
 Усад (Костромська область) — присілок в Судиславському районі Костромської області Російської Федерації.
 Усад (Владимирська область) — присілок у Мелєнковському районі Владимирської області Російської Федерації.

Див також
 Новий Усад

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia