text:
Biology, Fundamentals
The DIY Genetic Testing and The Brave New World that Comes With It
With every new form of genetic testing comes a new controversy. One of the most recent controversies concerned the 23andMe saliva DNA test. The test was designed to give individual consumers information about their ancestry and any potential genetic health risks. Potentially, prospective parents could use the test to determine their parental genetics and identify health risks to a child they may have together. The U.K.'s the health regulatory agency recently approved its use despite the fact that the FDA had banned the company from marketing the test in the U.S.
The CEO of the company is Anne Wojcicki, former wife of Sergey Brin, one of the founders of Google and reportedly one of the 18th richest people in the world. In the U.S., which does not have universal health care, one of the concerns was that the data from the test could be obtained by insurance companies, who would then raise their premiums or deny health care coverage based on the information. Another concern was whether customer data obtained by the company would be sold to other companies. Finally, most diseases are the result of a complex combination of genes and social and environmental interactions, which limits the potential of the test to accurately determine risk factors.
Another article discusses the controversy surrounding PDG, or preimplantation genetic diagnosis. This is a form of parental genetics testing available to women during the process of in vitro fertilization. Supporters of the test argue that detecting genetic abnormalities in the embryo before implantation reduces the risk of a child being born with a potentially deadly or crippling disease. The moral argument is that reducing human suffering is the right thing to do.
Opponents of parental genetics testing of embryos argue that physical limitations often contribute to making a person stronger in other ways, and that the world might be losing a valuable contribution. Another argument surrounding the use of the test concerns the concept of eugenics which refers to the improvement of the human race through parental genetics or "good breeding". The word itself was coined by an ancient Greek slave society, a fact which illustrates the concerns of many people about the high potential for misuse of parental genetics testing technology for political purposes.
Another controversy surrounding parental genetics testing is the moral objection by many to the destruction of less than perfect embryos, as well as their use in conducting medical research. Many within the medical community argue that with the consent of the parents, it is not only moral to conduct research on unwanted embryos, but that such research provides potentially life-saving information which benefits all of humanity. For example, it may one day be possible to induce stem cells to form tissues and organs for those currently suffering and in need of a transplant.
Some have suggested in vitro fertilization using only one embryo rather than cultivating several, then implanting only the healthiest one based on parental genetics test results and freezing and storing the rest. There are several reasons for cultivating multiple embryos for the IVF process. Up to 80 percent of embryos transferred into the uterus fail to implant, often due to chromosomal abnormalities. Further, only about one third of IVF procedures result in a successful live birth. In countries with universal health care, the single embryo method could be used for several attempts. However, in the U.S. most insurance companies do not cover the process, which has an average cost of about $10,000 dollars.
One of the moral questions that form the basis of many arguments against the practice of medical research on human embryos is the question of when life begins. Medical research has determined that embryos don't begin to form nervous systems until two weeks after conception. They are unable to experience pleasure or pain before sixteen weeks of gestation and don't develop consciousness until twenty-four weeks. More than 50 percent of embryos die within eight weeks of conception through the natural occurrence of spontaneous abortion.
If embryos are persons, then 220 million people die each year as a result of spontaneous abortion, making it the leading cause of death in the world. Researchers argue that if this is the case, it would be their moral duty to conduct research that would reduce the number of such deaths. While the controversy is similar to that surrounding abortion, one article describes a very personal account of the differences between how society and the law view the two.
In some countries, including the U.K., the law requires that surplus embryos produced through the IVF process be destroyed d after a period of time. These laws indicate that embryos are not regarded as living persons by society, and there have been few protests against this issue compared to the issue of abortion. Ironically, frozen embryos are considered potential persons by their donors, some of whom oppose these laws because they want to ensure their ability to have the biological child of a beloved partner even in the event of their death. That ability is one of the miracles that parental genetic testing has made possible.
Unreachable Futures by David Goehring. Flickr CC2.0
Scientific Truths and Questions of Morality on Genetic Testing
"Human well-being is not a random phenomenon. It depends on many factors – ranging from genetics and neurobiology to sociology and economics. But, clearly, there are scientific truths to be known about how we can flourish in this world. Wherever we can have an impact on the well-being of others, questions of morality apply."
Modern Mother and Child Genetics Testing Methods
Mother and child genetics has become increasingly relevant in today's society for many reasons. Genetic testing is becoming widely available for a variety of purposes. For a variety of reasons, many prospective parents are availing themselves of modern technology to give their children a head start in life. For example, prospective parents with a history of certain types of hereditary diseases and conditions are beginning to seek genetic testing and counseling before having children.
There is now a wide range of diseases that can be detected with modern genetic testing, including some forms of cancer, cystic fibrosis, Down's syndrome, fragile-x syndrome, hemophilia, Huntington's Disease, Lou Gehrig's Disease, neurofribromatosis, muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, sickle cell anemia, and Tay-Sachs disease.
Counselors are able to evaluate genetic tests and advise people of the risk of conceiving a child with recessive genes that may manifest in these diseases. Genetic tests can now be performed on fetuses by taking cell samples from the womb. The two techniques now widely available are called amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling. Most newborns are given a blood test for phenylketonuria, which is a a genetic disease that can cause mental retardation if it goes undiagnosed, after birth.
Amazingly enough, there are now biochips, also called DNA arrays or microarrays, that promise to make a variety of genetic tests faster and easier than ever before. With the use of biochips, each glass slide or "chip" contains multiple rows of DNA probes, which test for the presence of a specific DNA sequence. If a specific sequence that signifies a mutation is present, a specific spot on the biochip will glow under a special light. This method allows for testing for thousands of mutations at once.
The use of biochips could very well result in the use of genetic ID cards that carry all of an individual's genetic information. While such a card may be helpful for doctors, who could use it to determine the right dosage of the right drugs, many are apprehensive about potential abuses of this technology. For example, many potential mothers have expressed a desire to use it to determine the sex of the fetus, which depending upon the culture, may result in aborting a fetus.
Another new form of testing mother and child genetics is called tandem mass spectometry. The mass spectrometer is a device that separates and quantifies ions. For example, organic acid derivatives are subjected to gas chromatography before entering the mass spectrometer, where they are ionized and fragmented to determine their abundance. The tandem mass spectrometer is made up of two quadrupole mass spectrometers that are separated by a reaction chamber. The genetic testing process takes only a few seconds. The data can be analyzed either by using a parent ion to obtain an array of all parent ions capable of producing a daughter ion when fragmented, or in a neutral loss mode to obtain an array of all parent ions that lose a common neutral fragment.
Ethical Considerations of Mother and Child Genetics Testing
There are a number of ethical considerations surrounding the testing of mother and child genetics, some of which does not provide enough information for parents to make difficult decisions. Additionally, there are some tests that may provide false negatives or positives. Modern mother and child genetics testing is able to identify approximately 80% of neural tube defects in pregnancies and approximately 60% of pregnancies in which Down syndrome is present. False negative or positive tests often result in further testing and increased anxiety about having to decide whether it is in the best interests of the child to terminate the pregnancy.
It is also believed that some mother and child genetics testing for some conditions for which there are no treatments can cause potential psychological harm. Other ethical issues include stigmatization and potential discrimination. In countries in which health care insurance determines whether a person can receive treatment, such as the U.S., there is a concern that test information might be used to limit people's access to employment or health insurance.
Maintaining confidentiality of medical information is essential, but there is still a risk of discrimination against people who have a positive result on a genetic test. Patenting of genes is another ethical consideration. The ability to isolate genes has raised the issue of the right to patent them. In Australia there have been three preliminary cases of gene patenting. In the U.S, the Federal Government issued a response in 2011 confirming that the government does not prohibit gene patenting, but will attempt to ensure that gene patents do not lead to people being denied "reasonable access to healthcare".
Guidelines for genetic testing must reflect the value of each and every potential child, capable of being valued and loved beyond measure.
Genetic Testing. Pic by Neil Palmer (CIAT). Plant samples in the gene bank at CIAT's Genetic Resources Unit, at the institution's headquarters in Colombia
Sacred Insanity: The Love Drugs
"That's what falling in love really amounted to, your brain on drugs. Adrenaline and dopamine, oxytocin and serotonin. Chemical insanity, celebrated by poets."
The Role of Loving Female Hormones in Sexuality
There are a number of substances produced by women's bodies that might be called loving female hormones. Two of the most important are oxytocin and dopamine. Oxytocin was "discovered" in 1952, and dopamine in 1957. Both play a complex and important role in human relationships between men and women as well as between parents and children.
Oxytocin is both a medicine and a hormone which has been nicknamed "the love hormone". Secreted from the pituitary gland to the many parts of the brain that contain receptors, one of the primary ways oxytocin acts as a loving female hormone is by reducing social anxiety and evoking feelings of calmness in the presence of a romantic partner. However, it is not only a loving female hormone, but a male one as well.
Another important aspect of human relationships is trust. In experiments designed to measure trust levels, researchers found that subject who were administered doses of oxytocin experienced higher levels of trust than those who were not. Even friendships require a degree of trust, but romantic relationships that may one day result in someone you find attractive seeing you in your underwear one day requires an even higher level.
One study that measured oxytocin serum levels of women before and after sexual stimulation found increased levels present immediately after orgasm. A similar study conducted with men found increased levels of oxytocin throughout the entire process of sexual arousal, rather than just after orgasm. This means that the presence of increased levels of oxytocin is an important component of human sexual arousal, both male and female.
During childbirth, oxytocin causes contractions, while dopamine reduces the pain that accompanies them. Dopamine also plays an important role in preventing or alleviating post-partum depression.
The Role of Loving Female Hormones in Parenting
One article shares the results of an experiment in which the natural production of oxytocin, one of the loving female hormones, was blocked in mother rats, which caused them to ignore their young. Additionally, young female mice who were not mothers themselves were indifferent to the cries of infant pups. However, when they were injected with oxytocin, they began to retrieve the crying infants. These studies revealed the presence of oxytocin receptors in the auditory cortex of the brain. The left side of the auditory cortex contains more receptors, which suggests that this is the part of the brain that specializes in recognizing social signals.
The largest and most important source of dopamine in the brain is the basal ganglia located at the base of the forebrain. This is the part of the brain responsible for controlling impulses and making decisions. One of the reasons that dopamine can be considered a loving female hormone is that high levels of dopamine has the effect of reducing inhibitions. While some impulse control is necessary, as any parent can testify, if the decision to have a child was based entirely on logic and preparedness, the world would contain very few people. During childbirth, oxytocin causes contractions, while dopamine reduces the pain of contractions. Dopamine also plays an important role in preventing or alleviating post-partum depression.
Production of Loving Female Hormones
New studies have shown that the body's natural production of dopamine can be adversely affected by high levels of copper in the brain. Low levels of dopamine is believed to be one of the causes of post-partum depression. Luckily, there are things women can do to stimulate production of the loving female hormones that enable them to care for themselves as well as others. One article lists a number of natural ways to do just that.
The loving female hormones oxytocin and dopamine play a huge part in attraction, romance, and sexual arousal as well as reducing the pain of childbirth and helping new mothers successfully adapt to their roles as infant caretakers. Mothers would do well to remember that males produce these hormones as well, and with the exception of childbirth, for similar reasons. Perhaps one day, researchers will conduct a research experiment that reveals that men who are administered a dose of oxytocin respond to crying infants, too.
Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The Stolen Kiss, cc2.0
About the Mothering Heart and Sexual Invisibility
"You can be a businesswoman, a mother, an artist, and a feminist — whatever you want to be — and still be a sexual being. It's not mutually exclusive."
An article about motherhood and sexuality in literature and film questions whether sexuality and family life are compatible in Western societies. The author's analyzation of literature and films would suggest that they aren't. She asks, and attempts to answer the question: "How far can we go, as a filmmaker and a novelist, in representing the mother as a sexual being?". The answer seems to be changing, albeit very slowly.
Sexuality and Family Life in Film
Mothers in literature and film are often portrayed as either "good" or "bad", and it is frequently something connected to their sexuality that makes them "bad". From the first days of film, women in the role of ideal mothers have been portrayed as sexually pure, forgiving and self-sacrificing. In the 1913 film The Mothering Heart, the heroine deviated from that ideal by leaving her cheating husband. Her baby dies shortly thereafter, and believing it to be a divine punishment for her non-forgiveness of her husband's sexual transgressions, she returns to him
In the 1930's films portrayed mothers who had no desires of their own, but were often weak enough to be seduced by men with desires. In the 1950's, the film Mildred Pierce contained a message about the consequences of women who prioritized their children's happiness over that of their husbands. Her husband divorces her, leaving her to support herself and her demanding children, although she is ill-equipped to do so. Her daughter resents their new poverty and decline in social status. This left the mother vulnerable to being seduced by a scoundrel who promised economic assistance, but then seduced her daughter. Overall, films have presented very few positive portrayals of sexuality and motherhood.
Sexuality and Family Life in Popular Magazines
The societal view that good mothers repress their sexuality is also reflected in magazines geared towards mothers. One study examined articles in eight of those magazines from 1991 through 2010 for content related to sexuality. The study found that out of 14,746 articles in eight popular magazines over 20 years, only 2.3%. contained any content regarding sexuality and family life. Despite the popularity of the controversial 1991 cover of Vanity Fair, the content of magazines geared towards mothers would indicate that mothers simply cease to be sexual beings after the birth of their first child.
Only one parenting guide in the 1990s, Vicki Iovine's The Girlfriend's Guide to Surviving the First Year of Motherhood contained a chapter on sexuality and family life. Psychologist, couples counselor and author Ester Perel's book Mating in Captivity: Unlocking Erotic Intelligence addresses some of the issues surrounding sexuality and motherhood that popular magazines geared towards mothers don't. Ms. Perel points out in her book that sexual invisibility is deeply ingrained in Western culture. There are also at least a few online articles on the subject of sexuality and family life.
Sexuality and Family Life in Education
This example of a current U.S. public school course in human sexuality and family life demonstrates that the educational objective is to teach abstinence from sexuality by emphasizing the consequences of unplanned pregnancy. A report on public school sex education in Australia states that "The pleasure of sexual behaviour/activity was taught by less than 50% of respondents." According to an article in the Guardian, the unwillingness of adults to speak openly and honestly about sexuality has resulted in leaving children more vulnerable to the influence of sexualized advertising and pornography on the internet.
The Role of Religion in Sexuality and Family Life
Many of the negative attitudes towards sexuality have their origins in religion. Most religions teach that sex outside marriage is wrong. Even people who are not religious believe that sex within the context of a caring relationship is both healthier and more enjoyable than casual sex. An interesting experiment revealed that the brain performs differently when thinking about sex than when thinking about love. Subjects were divided into three groups. One group was "primed" with the mention of sex, while another was primed with the mention of love. The third acted as the control group.
The results of the experiment were that those who had been primed with mentions of sex performed better on analytical tasks, and those primed with mentions of love performed better on creativity tasks. Conversely, thoughts about sex may be detrimental to creativity, while thoughts about love may be detrimental to analytic reasoning. Religious beliefs rely on long-term love, utilizing words like "eternal". One reason that religion may discourage sex, and even masturbation, is because it increases analytic ability, which may undermine religious belief.
The role of sexuality in family life cannot be ignored. Reducing discussions about sexuality to clinical explanations of the biological purpose of body parts or lists of negative social consequences may be doing children a disservice. The pleasure of sexuality, which include both the physical sensations and the emotional closeness it engenders, is one of the reasons family life exists at all.
Pregnant Woman was created by Ron Mueck who is an Australian hyperrealist sculptor, and was purchased by Queensland Art G
Surrogacy: Humanity's Capacity for the Ultimate Gift
"The Vatican is against surrogate mothers. Good thing they didn't have that rule when Jesus was born."
–Elayne Boosler
Forms of Surrogacy
Couples who are unable to have a child due to any number of medical conditions are increasingly utilizing the services of surrogates. Surrogacy involves one woman carrying the biological child of a couple to term. The two common processes of surrogacy are the traditional and the gestational.
In the traditional process, the surrogate is inseminated with donated sperm, and the surrogate mother is also the biological mother. In the gestational process, the biological parents donate the egg and the sperm. The egg is fertilized in the laboratory and then, implanted into the uterus of the surrogate in a process called a blastocyst transfer. The success rate of this method has increased by 10% in recent years.
To become a surrogate usually requires that a number of health tests be administered to determine eligibility, including a hysteroscopy to determine the size, shape and health of the uterus. Other tests include an infectious disease test, a pap smear. Another important test is a psychological one, which determines belief and the level of commitment to the process, as well as addressing the likelihood of some level of emotional bonding with the child during pregnancy and potential sense of loss upon completion of the process. Sometimes, mock trial pregnancies are conducted with the use of estrogen.
Legal Issues About Parental Surrogate
Experts estimate that approximately a thousand children each year are born in the U.S. as a result of the use of a parental surrogate. Other countries in which the use of a parental surrogate is legal include Russia and the Ukraine. In many European countries, including France, Italy, Germany and Spain, the use of a parental surrogate to conceive a child is still illegal.
Although soliciting a parental surrogate is illegal in the U.K., a non-profit organization called Surrogacy UK supports couples seeking surrogates through process of introduction of people interested in participating in the process. The number of people who, after being introduced, are able to forge a personal relationship between themselves with the level of trust required for the lengthy process of surrogacy is not a matter of public record. However, the laws may soon be changing. Despite surrogacy being illegal, as of 2014, the number of babies registered in Britain showed a 255% increase over the previous six years.
In India, where the use of a parental surrogate is legal, it is estimated that up to 40,000 children are born to surrogates each year. One of the reasons for that high figure is that in India, the cost is approximately $60,000, less than half of the average cost of $150,000 in the U.S. Thailand is also a favored destination for couples seeking a parental surrogate. A surrogate mother there receives the modest sum of only $13,000 dollars for her services, the majority of the fee going to brokers and doctors.
Ethical Concerns Surrounding Surrogacy
Despite the increase in the number of couples utilizing a parental surrogate, the industry remains largely unregulated. The lack of regulation leaves a number of ethical questions without legal answer and can also result in unforeseen events having life-long consequences.
One ethical issue is the potential exploitation of women living in poverty, but there are others, both from religious and ethical perspectives. One example of is that of an Australian couple who hired a surrogate in Thailand. She became pregnant with twins, one of whom was diagnosed with Down's syndrome in utero. The couple advised the surrogate to abort the child, but the surrogate refused. The couple accepted the other twin, but left the infant with Down's syndrome to be raised by the surrogate.
Another ethical considerations is whether or not the surrogate mother has a right to remain informed regarding the health and welfare of the child. Many parents who utilize the services of a surrogate do maintain a life-long relationship with the surrogate. However, unlike legal open adoptions, which are more regulated, they are not legally required to do so. Just as with adopted children, parents of children born to a surrogate using the traditional method must also consider the ethical question of whether their child has a right to know about their biological origins. Many believe that knowledge of one's true origins is vital not only for health reasons, but for developing a healthy personal identity.
Despite the potential for ethics violations, the use of surrogacy has brought untold joy to live lives of thousands of hopeful would-be parents. Many surrogate mothers have reported that participating in bringing joy into the lives of others in this has increased the joy in their own lives as well.
Pregnancy by Tatiana VDB, CC2.0
The Unforseen Value of Reproductive Rights
People have attempted to control their parental choices throughout history. Information about birth control was once considered "obscene" material that would erode public morals, in much the same way as pornography. Reproductive rights are now considered an important aspect of basic human rights in many countries, yet there are still many in which women are still struggling to achieve those rights.
Despite the continuing efforts of religious and political groups to control women's access to contraception, in countries where it is available, the quality of life has improved considerably. Improved mental health, financial security, and increased political participation are just a few of the benefits of the ability to choose when to have children that contraception has provided women. Safe and effective contraception increases parental choices and has changed both women's lives and society as a whole.
One of those positive changes include lower incidences of child abuse. The consequences of unintended pregnancies are both far-reaching and long-lasting. Countries with the lowest accessibility to birth control have the highest rates of forced child marriages, domestic abuse, abortion, poverty, and deaths resulting from childbirth. They also have the lowest literacy rates for women.
Most Popular Forms of Contraception
According to a 2009 United Nations report, the two most commonly used methods of contraception in developed countries are the pill and the male condom. However, in developing countries the two most commonly used methods are female sterilization and the IUD. Increasingly, female sterilization is becoming the preferred method for couples exercising their parental choices and is currently the most utilized form of contraception in the world as a whole. In developed countries, the most common method is still the birth control pill at 28% or approximately 10.6 million women, closely followed by female sterilization at 27%, or approximately 10.2 million women.
Female sterilization levels are highest in Latin America, China, India and the Caribbean. The IUD is used by 14% of women worldwide, making it the second most widely used form of contraception. Male condoms ranked at number four worldwide. Other modern contraceptive methods such as implants are gaining popularity, especially in Eastern and Southern Africa. Depo-provera is also becoming increasingly popular because a single dose can provide contraceptive effects for 12 weeks.
Sterilization has sometimes been used by governments in eugenics programs, and one article points out the disturbing fact that very few men utilize this option as compared to women. Despite the fact that the procedure is simpler and safer for men than for women, according to one article, as of 2009, the ratio of female sterilization to male vasectomies was 5 to 1. This reflects a widespread societal belief that birth control is largely a female responsibility. However, more men are now recognizing the benefits of increasing the number of parental choices for themselves as well as their families.
The Continuing Controversy Surrounding Parental Choices
Many people believe that even potential life is sacred and that preventing conception is wrong. In the continuing controversy over parental choices, members of religious groups who work in the health care field claim that government mandates to provide contraception is a violation of their religious freedom. Many pharmacists in the U site web.S. have refused to fill prescriptions for birth control as well as morning-after pills in cases of rape. This resulted in a recent Supreme Court case in which new rules were introduced for religious institutions and businesses with a moral objection to the birth control aspect of the Affordable Care Act.
Carl Djerassi, the father of modern birth control and inventor of "the pill" has been quoted as saying that with the advent of birth control, "sex became separated from its reproductive consequences". However, birth control has done very little to protect women from the social consequences of freely expressing their sexuality. There are many opinions about why there continues to be a sexual double standard. One article maintains that women themselves perpetuate it through excessive competition. Feminists tend to point towards economic factors such as wage inequality and the capitalistic commodification of sex as reasons for the continued double standard.
Of the many benefits to mankind that the ability for people to choose when, and whether, to become parents, perhaps the greatest is that of increasing the number of children who are wanted. While people may disagree about how best to achieve the goal of a world in which every child is wanted and every parent able to care for them, everyone agrees that children deserve nothing less than to be welcomed and loved. Parental choices are helping to make that ideal world a reality.
(Pregnant) Josefa de Castilla Portugal y van Asbrock de Garcini, Goya, 1804, Credit line; Bequeet of Harry Payne Bingham,
How Generosity Creates Life and Makes Life Worth Living
"If we are going to be kind, let it be out of simple generosity, not because we fear guilt or retribution."
― J.M. Coetzee
A History of Generosity
Generosity is so important that it's now considered a science, and maternal generosity is one of its most studied subjects. Researchers at the University of Notre Dame are working on several projects to learn more about generosity, perhaps the human trait most responsible for the continuation of our species.
In one article written for Mother's Day, the author points out just how indebted we all are to maternal generosity by describing in detail the physical sacrifices mothers make for their children even before they are born. Attempting to answer the question of what makes humans generous, one author offers a number of possibilities.
The primordial origin of maternal generosity lies partly in the experience of caring for offspring. Neuroscience research conducted by Stephanie Brown and James Swain at Stony Brook University suggests that becoming a parent changes the way human brains are wired. These chemical and biological changes encourage parents to respond more generously to others' needs. In the human evolution from hunter-gatherer societies in which danger and scarcity demanded sharing among family and tribal members, natural selection favored the characteristic of maternal generosity.
In the past, natural selection worked against those who were incapable of the potential self-sacrifice that was often necessary to guarantee collective survival. As modern technology continues to make the world ever smaller, humanity's continued survival depends upon its ability to expand that generosity beyond family and tribe to include the entire family of man.
Generosity: Nature and Nurture
Scientific research has shown that much behavior is the result of a complex interaction between biology, chemistry, and environmental triggers. One example of a chemical and biological response to an environmental trigger is that of a mother's breasts producing milk in response to the sound of the cry of her infant. Maternal generosity is a matter of both nature and nurture.
Some research with primates suggests that instances of sharing behavior between mothers is more frequent when androgen levels are higher. The vulnerability of new mothers and their infants also results in begging behaviors, a form of maternal generosity in times of need which serves as a societal trigger for sharing behaviors of the larger group. Human mothers and infants share that vulnerability, and the generosity of a society is often measured by the extent to which it shares its resources with its most vulnerable members. Children's survival is largely dependent upon the level of generosity of the culture into which it is born.
The Role of Maternal Generosity in Society
The level of generosity can often be determined by observing social programs in place for women and children. According to one article, in the U.S., seven out of ten children of single mothers live in poverty, as compared to one out of ten in Finland. However, child poverty rates in the U.S., even among two parent families are higher than those of Nordic countries. In the U.K, it is estimated that approximately 25% of children live in poverty compared to approximately 17% in Australia. According to the Hunger Project, an estimated 805 million people in the world today live with chronic hunger.
In humans, the biological production of chemicals which encourage generous behavior has been shown to exist in both new mothers and fathers. Researchers theorize that cultivating generous behavior that resembles maternal generosity may require creating and activating other social triggers that act in much the same way as the cry of an infant. Developing societal triggers that promote generosity is contingent upon routinizing factors that promote and encourage generous behavior. Perhaps the single most important of these routinizing factors is that of parents modeling such behavior.
In the world of research, individual families are viewed as macro cultures which have the power to produce young people who are more generous than other macro cultures. Research regarding the details of what parenting behaviors contribute most to encouraging generosity is difficult because many complex psychological and social mechanisms at work in the parent/child relationship are not empirically observable. In short, observing psychologists are not able to understand or interpret the full psychological effect and significance that something as seemingly trivial as a raised parental eyebrow may have upon a particular child.
Sharing behaviors, however, are entirely observable in individual people as well as governments. Children who observe their parents sharing their resources with the wider community are more likely to adopt that behavior themselves. Despite our continued evolution, our survival as a species is still dependent upon our ability to share resources. Generosity is a one of the traits that most defines us as human. It also serves to help make our lives worth living and affords us all the opportunity to flourish rather than merely survive.
Creating Life: How the True Genius of Technology Helps Conceive Life
In Vitro Fertilization—The Process
In vitro fertilization is a process by which a woman's egg is fertilized in a laboratory rather than inside her body. The fertilized egg is cultured for 2 to 6 days and then implanted into a woman's uterus to complete the process of conception that leads to a successful pregnancy.
The IVF process is used both as a treatment for infertility and in cases of gestational surrogacy. Gestational surrogacy can use the intended mother's egg the intended father's sperm, the surrogate's egg, or both eggs and sperm from donors. Another method, called ovarian hyperstimulation, uses drugs called gonadotropins over a 10 day period to stimulate egg production.
The cost of in vitro fertilization can vary depending upon the number of procedures required to achieve a successful pregnancy from approximately $8000 to $17,000. The costs associated with gestational surrogacy can be over $150,000 because they include the costs associated with the pregnancy as well. Psychological screenings, counseling, legal fees, and medications are among the expenses covered by that fee.
The legal status of in vitro fertilization varies by country, with some countries placing more restrictions on the process than others. For example, some countries such as China and Turkey only allow the process for married couples, while others such as Spain permit it for single people and same-sex couples as well. Surrogacy is banned in many countries, but permitted in India and many others, with some restrictions.
The Rising Use of In Vitro Fertilization
The use of in vitro fertilization has increased in recent years for a number of reasons. According to a recent report, that trend is expected to continue, with an estimated increase of 7% from 2015 to 2021. According to one article, 61,740 babies, or 1.5% of all babies born in 2012 in the U.S. alone were the result of successful in vitro fertilization. In Australia in 2010, the 61,774 assisted reproductive treatments performed resulted in 12,056 live births.
Many people who are sure they want children in the future take the precautionary measure of having eggs and/or sperm frozen for future use. However, the success rate of the procedure is lower with the use of frozen eggs. The age of the woman is also a factor, with women over age 40 having lower success rates than those under the age of 35. However, until 2006, the record for the oldest woman to give birth using IVF and a donated egg was held by Adriana Iliescu, who gave birth at the age of 66.
Common Reasons for the Use of In Vitro Fertilization
Economic factors play a role in the decision of many women to postpone having children until their careers are firmly established and they are able to financially support a child. The average cost of raising a child in the U.S. has skyrocketed in recent years to $304,480 when adjusted for projected inflation. That figure is calculated on raising a child from birth to the age of 18 and does not include the cost of college or other forms of higher education that prepare young people to enter the workforce and become financially independent.
Fertility disorders are another common reason women choose to use in vitro fertilization. The most common cause of female infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this condition, changes in the the hypothalamus, pituitary glands and ovaries create a hormone imbalance that affects ovulation. Another common causes include hypothalamic dysfunction caused by physical or emotional stress or a substantial weight gain or loss and pelvic tuberculosis.
Premature ovarian insufficiency disorder is caused by an autoimmune response in which the body attacks ovarian tissues. It can occur as the result of genetic factors or environmental factors such as exposure to chemotherapy and causes a decrease in estrogen and a loss of ability for the ovaries to produce eggs.
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition in which the pituitary gland produces too much prolactin, which reduces estrogen production. It can either be genetic or caused by medications taken for other conditions. Polyps or tumors can block fallopian tubes, and endometriosis can cause scarring that prevents successful implantation of the embryo. Endometriosis, cervical stenosis, pelvic inflammatory disease and genetic uterine abnormalities are also common reasons for women to utilize IVF.
The Future of IVF
Since the successful birth of Loise Brown resulting from IVF in 1978, it is estimated that 5 million babies had been born by 2014 using IVF. In 2011, 588,629 treatments were reported from 33 European countries. 151,923 were reported from the U.S. and 66,347 from New Zealand and Australia. The approximately 1.5 million treatments performed each year result in the birth of an estimated 350,000 babies.
This remarkable process, which has continued to grow at a rate of 5 to 10% each year, has allowed many people who might otherwise have remained childless to experience the joys of parenthood. Techniques continue to be refined, which is predicted to increase the success rate even further.
The Surprising Power Of Praise In Challenging The Myth Of Natural Instinct
"In taking our marital arguments upstairs to avoid exposing the children to strife, we accidentally deprived them of chances to witness how two people who care about each other can work out their differences in a calm and reasoned way."
–Po Bronson
The 2009 book, Nurture Shock: New Thinking About Children, written by best-selling author Po Bronson and journalist Ashley Merryman challenges many current child-rearing philosophies, including the myth of natural instinct. It also challenges the myth of natural instinct. This popular book was on the New York Times best seller list for three months and has been translated into fifteen languages. Po Bronson has written a number of books on the subject of personal success and even a novel. Ashley Merryman is also an attorney, and has written a play in addition to having served as a speechwriter for Vice-President Al Gore. Both describe themselves as science journalists.
Worriers and Warriors
One of the challenges to the myth of natural instinct is brain research that indicates that genetics and brain chemistry play a large part in the way people respond to stress. In an interview, Bronson described how genetics determine the way in which the brain's frontal cortex processes dopamine. He categorizes people as either "worriers" or "warriors" according to those genetic factors. According to Bronson, people with the "worrier" gene can have a cognitive advantage of up to ten point IQ advantage–when they aren't stressed. Under normal conditions, worriers have a greater ability to think and plan ahead. With the introduction of stress, that advantage is significantly reduced.
Warriors tend to perform better under stress. One of the factors that determines whether a person is a warrior is the amount of testosterone the developing infant is exposed to in the womb. According to research, testosterone lengthens the fingers of the fetus, while estrogen limits their growth. The length of a person's fingers can be one way to determine how they people will respond as adults to stress and the hormones it releases within the human body.
The areas in which the book challenges the myth of human instinct are listed in a chapter synopsis. Chapter one addresses how a parent's instinct to praise their child for being intelligent may be detrimental. The authors point to studies which show that being praised for specific actions and effort are more effective. For example, in one study, children who were praised for their efforts tended to choose harder puzzles than those praised for intelligence. Additionally, they showed a 30% improvement between the first and third tests. Conversely, the scores of those who were praised for intelligence decreased by 20%.
One of the reasons for these findings was that children praised for intelligence tend to take fewer risks that might jeopardize that initial assessment. It was found that teens often discounted such praise from teacher, and even equated it with veiled criticism. There was also a correlation between praise and the amount of time that students were able to spend concentrating on a task without seeking further approval. Heavily praised students often displayed less autonomy and less confidence in their answers. This can result in students dropping out rather than risking low grades.
The Myth of Natural Instinct in Competition, Praise and Lying
Another chapter makes a connection between praise and lying. According to the authors, respect for both the rules and other competitors is defined as "adaptive competition". Maladaptive competition doesn't allow for losing, which leads to behaviors such as lying and cheating due to the desire to win at any cost. In one study, students were told to rate themselves on report cards which would be sent to students at other schools whom they would never meet. It was found that 40 percent of the students who'd been praised for intelligence inflated their scores. That percentage was much lower among those who'd been praised for their efforts.
One of the reasons for cheating is the stigma associated with failure, which discourages children from developing strategies on how to deal with it successfully. Failure often provides greater opportunities for learning than success. Michigan scholar Jennifer Crocker believes that it's essential to redefine the terms and not stigmatize the learning process by calling it "failure".
Overcoming the Myth of Natural Instinct in Performance
According to Dr. Robert Cloninger at Washington University in St. Louis "The key is intermittent reinforcement". Studies revealed that the brain can learn that experiencing frustration can ultimately result in reward. His research located a neural network between the prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum of the brain that monitors its reward center. Dr. Cloninger believes that frequent rewards can result in less persistence. Intermittent rewards result in switching on the neural network that serves to anticipate future rewards based on continued effort.
An excerpt of the book provides case studies that illustrate some of the principles set forth in the book that challenge the myth of natural instinct. It seems that giving children that "A" for effort might be more important than we'd ever realized, and can result in an increased ability to learn.
Syrian refugee children in a Lebanese school classroom, wikipedia cc2.0
It's Not Nature Versus Nurture: It's Nature Versus Culture
"Over and over again, cross-cultural research on infancy teaches the exact same lesson: infants can tolerate—and thrive under—care that most any Western parent would assume would end very badly."
― Nicholas Day
Biology and the Appearance of Natural Instinct
There are many biological realities associated with pregnancy, birth, and parenting that can pose as the appearance of natural instinct. For example, one of those biological mechanisms is the manufacture and release of estrogen and progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy and fetal development. The hormone prolactin stimulates milk production and oxytocin helps initiate labor. Dopamine activates neural pathways that contribute to mutual bonding between parent and child.
Before scientists understood the role of biology and chemistry, these natural changes were often viewed as the appearance of natural instinct. However, despite the important role of biology, parenting behavior may play an even more important role in the development of a child's brain. Studies have shown that cultural differences in parenting have an effect not only on brain development, but on social development as well.
Ethnopediatrics: Cultural Differences and the Appearance of Natural Instinct
In October 1994, Carol M. Worthman conducted a workshop at Emory University introducing the new science of ethnopediatrics. Ethnopediatrics is a branch of research devoted to understanding child-rearing practices within different cultures and historical contexts. It utilizes a number of disciplines including anthropology, psychology, child development research, and pediatrics. One of the premises of this new science is the continuum concept, which Jean Liedloff wrote about in her 1986 book, The Continuum Concept: In Search Of Happiness Lost . According to this theory, all humans have a set of expectations regarding how evolution enables them to achieve maximum mental, physical and emotional development and adaptability.
Meredith F pop over to this website. Small's 1999 book, Our Babies, Ourselves: How Biology and Culture Shape the Way We Parent provides several case studies that illustrate the differences in parenting within a variety of cultures. She reaches several conclusions, one of which is that Western culture tends to focus more on individualism and independence rather than community and inter-dependence. The cultural value of independence is manifested in the practice of encouraging babies to sleep alone, while children sleeping with parents is viewed with suspicion as potentially pathological. Parents in many other cultures view infants sleeping alone as a form of child neglect.
The La Leche League, a long-time advocate of over-riding cultural pressures in favor of biological imperatives, gave the book a positive review. Another of her books pointed out the extent to which social institutions have agendas that affect the socialization process. As a result, parents often struggle between obeying cultural imperatives and respecting the appearance of natural instinct, thereby achieving a balance between the needs of children and those of the larger society.
Child-Centered Versus Adult-Centered Cultures
Many cultures are more child-centered than those of Western culture. One study compared the amount of crying of babies in Western cultures as compared to other cultures. It was found that in Western cultures, babies cried more and longer, and parents allowed more time to elapse before responding to their cries. The Western focus on individuality and independence has also resulted in fewer community and family-centered practices than some other cultures exhibit. For example, in Japan, pre-schools do not engage in competitive learning, but focus on cooperation as a cultural goal.
One article illustrates the extent to which parenting is shaped by the surrounding culture, and points out that even definitions of important concepts, such as "stimulation" differ from culture to culture. In Western culture, stimulation usually means intellectual, while in other cultures, the word has a more social meaning. Similarly, the definition of "intelligence" differs in that it includes social behavior as well as the degree of self-control displayed by the child.
Parental Ethnotheories and the Appearance of Natural Instinct
According to Sarah Harkness, a professor of human development at the University of Conneticut, there are many cultural differences in parenting. She refers to each society's beliefs about the right way to raise children as its parental ethnotheories. The one shared characteristics of all these differing beliefs is the universal parental desire to want the best for their children. In her opinion, beliefs about child-rearing become evident from the way parents talk about their children and the words they use to describe them.
In one study, it was found that American parents referred to their children as intelligent. Italian parents, on the other hand, spoke of their children using positive terms that reflected their cultural tendency to value being pleasant and even-tempered over intelligence. The view on children asking questions was positive for both groups, but for different reasons. American parents viewed it as a sign of intelligence, while Italian parents viewed it as a sign of social skills. Dutch parents valued their children's long attention spans and ability to adapt to regular routines. However, in Dutch culture, children asking questions is viewed negatively as a sign of excessive dependence.
It seems that the definition of good parenting is changing to include questioning cultural imperatives that conflict with the appearance of natural instinct.
Himba mother and child, Namibia, 2007 by Hans Hillewaert CC-BY-SA-4.0


Your page visitor performance is evaluated.
Prospective clients and fresh in-market viewers are targeted with appropriate ads through the net and devices.
Afterwards, sighted your ads, possible customers visit your website to ample a conversion.
Our exclusive presentation algorithm and associate it with Instagram's high-operating ad units to aid determination all-out reappearance on asset.
Our group of creators will produce and revitalize ads for you to begin inviting corporate.
We have professionals that you can ask 24/7; from setting up to strategic proposal, we've have you covered.
We also promote beyond Facebook, Google, mobile applications, and over hundreds of high ranking site online.
Audience Finders Instagram badge means you gain early access to fresh IG features.


3d model downloadcrazy 3ds maxfree 3ds models download3d modellingdownload 3ds models3d max models3d texturedownload 3d texture3d post materialautocad blocks. Available for free download in max formats.
Lamps lighting 3d models free downloadlamps and lanterns 3d models include chandelierceiling lampswall lamptable lampfloor lampfluorescent lamplawn lamp.
Modern bed 3d model free download.
Please help support it and donate a cup of coffee.
Thousands freebies 3d model max 3ds obj mb c4d.
Free 3d exterior scenes 3d models download 3d exterior scenes 3d objects for exterior interior 3d visualization.
Customized pes in language of your choice or with.
1383 free 3d models found for 3ds max.
Download free 3d models3ds models3d model download3d max models page.
Keeping this site updated requires a lot of time and effort.
Related Posts of "Modern Bed 3d Model Free Download"


text:
Fortnite Mural could suggest an upcoming in-game event on July 14
<?xml encoding="utf-8" ????>
Over the years, we've seen Epic Games promote new Fortnite events by means other than the game itself.
Whether it's sending a real Durr Burger in the middle of a desert or sending weird UFO messages to streamers, Epic is finding a way to let people know what's going on in Fortnite.
They may have just started over with a Chicago mural. On July 3, players began reporting seeing a painting in the area suggesting something was happening on July 14.
It's interesting to see an actual date given since the Cosmic Summer event has already taken place this season and will end before that date even takes place.
There's no indication that Epic can't have two events in one season, so either this mural is a very well-made and elaborate troll or something's going to happen here. We will take a look.
Future event?
A painting was spotted in Chicago by u / HostessGlazedDonut alluding to 14!
There is also a painting that will appear in the game this week / next week named Majesty / Greatness and an upcoming skin with this text: "Earn rewards by completing King's Bling quests"
Show me your guesses 👑👀 pic.twitter.com/ugElx1ShuY
– HYPEX (@HYPEX) July 3, 2021
According to an image by Reddit user HostessGlazedDonut, which was later tweeted by HYPEX, there will be some sort of Fortnite event very soon.
The mural itself doesn't give us much information other than a date, but it still seems like a work in progress.
HYPEX notes that there is a painting that is expected to appear in the game soon called "Majesty / Gandeur" and that it will come with a set of quests for players to complete.
At the moment, it's unclear whether that means it will somehow relate to the mural or whether the two things are totally independent.
We don't yet know if there will be an update for that next Tuesday, but if there is, we'll likely learn a bit more about a future event that Epic has planned for Fortnite.
What else do we know?
Everything we know about the Real-Life Mural in Chicago:
– Mural teases that something will happen on July 14
– There will also be a mural somewhere in the game
– It could be related to this image "Majesty"
– There will also be a "Majesty" male skin! pic.twitter.com/hNlcPuwhZ2
– Shiina (@ShiinaBR) July 3, 2021
Building on prominent HYPEX Fortnite ShiinaBR Leak notes that there will be a mural that will appear in the game and even says that there will be a male "Majesty" skin.
New skins are always fun in Fortnite, and it looks like this one can be obtained for free if players simply complete the King Bling quests.
Of course, this is all just a theory at this point and we don't even know who King Bling is. If there is actually an event on that day, things will make a lot more sense and we will potentially have a better idea of where the season is heading.
Doctor Slone's debut with aliens made for an interesting start to the season, but Epic will need to keep moving forward if they want players to stay engaged. The mothership is moving around the map, so there is always the possibility that this will erase a POI at any time.
Whether that will actually happen remains to be seen, but we've certainly been waiting for some big changes to the map for a long time. Other than a few name changes, this map looks like last season's. Come on mothership, do something!
READ NEXT: Fortnite Naruto Skin and other styles of anime could still be happening
Fans can tie the knot at Chiefs pre-game event in Florida
Euro and American Truck Simulator In-Game Event Carries COVID-19 Vaccines
Ubisoft announces Rainbow Six Invitational 2021, in-game event
LifeAfter Gets New Shelter Land Mode and Special In-Game Event | Articles
When is the Fortnite New Years 2022 in-game event?
THE NEW WORLD and THE WHEEL OF TIME collide for a special gaming event – GeekTyrant
Worthplaying | 'Rocket League' gets festive with Frosty Fest in-game event later this week
Assassin's Creed Crossover Stories is a free-to-play cross-game event that pits Kassandra from Odyssey against Eivor
This company is hosting a real squid game event in India; Check it out!
'Fortnite' ends Chapter 2 in insane in-game event with Dwayne Johnson

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Not sure which species this one is, but Languria bicolor is famous for chewing lots of little holes (at night, thus mysteriously to most people) in the leaves of Arnoglossum spp. (Asteraceae: tribe Senecioneae). Several interesting species of this genus inhabit better quality natural community remnants in eastern US.


Reading would be boring, except for the person behind the writing. YOU make it interesting. Your voice.
Even the federal government recognizes the importance of YOU: ideas can't be copyrighted, rather, the particular expression of an idea. What you copyright is your voice. You.
Voice. As you write, be aware of your particular ways of thinking, of what you notice, of how you express what you notice. Try to foster those interests and expressions. Of course, this isn't a call to be sloppy in grammar or word usage or sentence structure. Just as a jazz player plays a riff on a song, so you must experiment in your writing, while still making sure the song is recognizable.
Match voice to genre. Your voice–who you are–will also determine the types of writing at which you can excel. Nonfiction or fiction, horror or romance–you need to find a place where your voice fits naturally and allows you to exploit your voice. Experiment with genre, style, length, and venue (online v. print, for example), to find the "highest and best use" of your strengths.
Editors. We all need feedback and early editors. Be careful, though, of line editors, those people who think something must be said their way. Unless they are extremely skilled, line editors mess with voice. And you must not allow that.
Stick with a genre, character, series. If and when you find that sweet spot, stick with it. Careers are built on returning readers, who become fans, who faithfully buy everything you write and furthermore, they tell friends to buy them and they give your books as gifts. Early in your career, don't worry about bouncing around and writing everything you might want to write. If you are lucky enough to find success in one area, stay there long enough to build a readership that you will take with you to the next step.
You. Your lens, the way you see the world, the way you express what you see–that is what keeps reading from being boring. Let me see the world the way YOU see it. And I'll keep reading you.
Click on the image to read the photographer's description of the difference in lenses used.
It's this talk– about sweet spot– that I've been mulling so much lately.
More and more it seems like "the path of least resistance" (not in the lazy sense, but in the, "You think that's hard? It's always been easy for me" way) is frequently the best way to go.
Amy Jane, it's tricky because you must do what fits–but within certain parameters (great character, stirring plot, etc.). But it's not different than writing with a poetic form, such as a sonnet. Within that tight structure, you have GREAT flexibility for topic, tone, voice and so forth. It's finding the fit of your writing and what's out there that can get published!


Most Inspiring Kerala Style House Elevation Single Storey Youtube Kerala House Elevation Single Floor Pic - The image above with the title Most Inspiring Kerala Style House Elevation Single Storey Youtube Kerala House Elevation Single Floor Pic, is part of Kerala House Elevation Single Floor picture gallery. Size for this image is 728 × 410, a part of Elevation House category and tagged with single floor house elevation kerala style, kerala house elevation single floor, kerala house front elevation models single floor, front elevation of single floor house in kerala, kerala house front elevation designs single floor published August 25th, 2018 11:49:49 AM by Oran Torp. Find or search for images related to "Most Inspiring Kerala Style House Elevation Single Storey Youtube Kerala House Elevation Single Floor Pic" in another posts. Back to: Kerala House Elevation Single Floor.


The "E-SIM Card Market (Application – M2M (Connected Cars, Utility, Others), Wearable & Companion Devices, Smartphones, Tablets & Laptops) – Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast, 2017 - 2025", report provides analysis of the E-SIM Card market for the period 2015–2025, wherein the years from 2017 to 2025 is the forecast period and 2016 is considered as the base year.
Albany, NY -- (SBWIRE) -- 08/15/2017 -- E-SIM card does hold several advantages over conventional SIM cards. These sim cards allow changing mobile network operator within few clicks, which is a feature distinct to them. To study about the market for E-SIM card in a precise manner, a new report has been included to the massive online storehouse of Market Research Reports Search Engine (MRRSE). The report titled "E-SIM Card Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2017 – 2025", covers all the major trends and technologies sharing a significantly major role in the E-SIM Card market growth. Also, a deep focus on the top players and active regions is also enclosed in this smart research study.
As per key report findings, the global E-SIM card market is expected to rise at a healthy 13.5% CAGR between 2017 and 2025. Continuing at this rate, the market is likely to display an opportunity of US$14,613.1 mn by 2025. In the initial section of the report, the market overview is presented which showcases the market dynamics and trends covering drivers, restraints, opportunities influencing the current nature as well as the future status of the global E-SIM card market. The report also encloses details about the key market indicators given across the prime market regions. Moving further, the porter's five forces analysis is also included to provide a brief analysis of the level of competition within the E-SIM Card industry, together with knowledge about the business strategy development to educate the readers.
The next section of the report is focused towards the market segmentation which highlights the present as well as forecast scenario based on different factors. Based on application, the market for E-SIM card is concentrated towards Machine to Machine (M2M), which includes connected cars, utility, and others. The other applications are wearable & companion devices, smartphones, and tablets & laptops. Moving further, the report provides a complete perspective on the market's growth in terms of revenue (in US$ Mn) covering different geographical regions. The prime market regions analyzed in the report are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa and South America. Among these, the prominent countries are Canada, the U.S., Germany, France, the U.K., GCC, China, Japan, South Africa and Brazil.
The final section of the report is dedicated to offering the competitive landscape for the E-SIM Card market, thus listing out all the major players according to their geographic presence, market attractiveness, and recent key developments. The top players operating in this market are Apple Inc., Samsung, Giesecke & Devrient GmbH, Gemalto NV, NTT DOCOMO, INC., Telefónica S.A., OT-Morpho, Deutsche Telekom AG and Sierra Wireless, Inc.


We also provide customers the optimization casting film extrusion suggestions , to make the casting film line with high quality, more efficiency , high capacity , low power consumption and high ratio on quality and price . It makes us to be one of the excllent suppliers for the world casting film extrusion mnufacturers.
EVA stretch film with high viscosity, which are widely used in security plate laminated glass, curved laminated glass, laminated glass technology, bullet-proof glass, laminated glass for discoloration, conductive smart glass, solar cells and other special glass deep processing.


Raksha Bandhan is on 2nd August 2012. Rakhi Purnima Festival date is Thursday. Raksha Bandhan is a hindu festival. Raksha Bandhan (Rakhi) is celebrated on the Shravan Poornima day in the month of August every year. Raksha Bandhan is an sacred bond between a brother and sister.
On the auspicious day of Raksha Bandhan sisters get up early, have a bath and then pray to Lord Ganesha and then perform the aarti of brothers, put tilak and tie a Rakhi on his wrist. Following which sweets and gifts are exchanged and there is happiness all around.
Rakhi festival is called narial purnima or coconut full moon and keralean people called the occasion as the avani avittam. Raksha Bandhan which is celbrated all over India and also world.


SHOP NOW >>>>> http://bit.ly/2LtGCv3 SHOP NOW >>>>> http://bit.ly/2LtGCv3 SHOP NOW >>>>> http://bit.ly/2LtGCv3 SEHINGGA STOK MASIH ADA !!! TRUSTED SELLER !!! *** FOR ONLINE ORDERING ONLY !!! *** NOTE YOUR ORDER NUMBER FOR FUTURE ORDER TRACKING. THIS ORDER CONFIRMATION WILL ALSO BE SENT TO YOU VIA EMAIL & SMS. *** NOTES : TO OPEN THE LINK, KINDLY COPY & PASTE THIS LINK TO GOOGLE *** This space saver cooler bag is thoughtfully designed to be flexible enough for both work and outing purposes. With the aim of all-in-one (store bottles/storage bags and breastpumps in one single cooler bag), this bag suits the needs of breastfeeding mothers who are after a compact yet sleek combo. Carry your breastmilk in style by using the 3-way carrying method that this bag allows - hand carry, shoulder sling, knapsack carry. A well-structured bag that is truly functional. Definitely a great companion as you embark on your breastfeeding journey. A small investment that goes a long way. Features : Holds up to 8 standard neck bottles measuring 5oz. Holds up to 8 bags of filled Autumnz Double Ziplock Breastmilk Storage Bags (7oz each). 2 separate compartments - one to store your breastmilk and the other to store your breastpump*. Spacious room to fit Autumnz Bliss, Autumnz Carey, Autumnz Bloom, Autumnz JOY, Medela Swing, Medela Harmony, Medela Mini Electric, Medela Manual, Avent Isis Manual, Avent Isis Uno. Wide mouth opening when unzipped giving easy and spacious access to the interior. Fully insulated inner (with padding) to keep breastmilk cooler for a longer time. Built-in inner mesh pocket for storage. Built-in inner elasticed strap to hold your breastmilk bottle / storage bag upright to prevent leakage of breastmilk. High quality waterproof and dirt-resistant outer layer making it durable and easily maintained (wipe with a damp cloth). Durable zippers with fashionable buckles that give a touch of sophistication. Comes with a sturdy and padded hand carry handle - for hand carry. Comes with a detachable and adjustable shoulder sling strap - for shoulder sling or adjust to the smallest setting for hand sling. Comes with a separate, independent buckle that can be looped around the carry handle and buckled securely to your stroller handle or diaper bag. Comes with a handy and spacious zippered back pocket for storing your bits and bobs securely. Size - 16cm (W) x 27cm (H) x25cm (D). Tested to keep breastmilk chilled for up to 14 hours (under normal room temperature) with 3 pcs Reusable Ice Pack. * Advised to keep electric breastpumps separate from milk, i.e. in 2 separate compartments to avoid unnecessary contact with liquid.
All new unopened except for the 3M double sided tape. Only 2 corner cushions (new) instead of 8.


text:
How Penn Medicine Mines E-Records For Clinical Trial Prospects
It shows a hospital wringing value out of an electronic record system that took years to implement. One in a series of profiles of InformationWeek 500 innovators.
Marianne Kolbasuk McGee
Senior Writer, InformationWeek
When recruiting patients for clinical trials, medical researchers still typically get word out with billboards and newspaper ads. Some have tried Facebook lately. But those methods generally don't attract enough of the right patients, delaying research and sometimes leading to trial cancellations.
Penn Medicine, part of the University of Pennsylvania Health System, is trying something new: using the trove of data in electronic medical records to find clinical trial candidates and then alert those patients' doctors.
It's an example of how healthcare IT teams are working to wring value from the electronic record systems they've often spent years implementing. Earlier this year Penn Medicine completed a five-year project to roll out Epic e-records to its 1,800 employed physicians. "You often need an army to install EMR systems," says Michael Restuccia, CIO of the University of Pennsylvania Health System. "But once you finally have these systems in place, the amount of effort to get added value out of them with programs like this is comparatively little."
The provider's new clinical trial application, called Penn Research Trial Advisory, took several months to develop. It has piloted the app in its ob-gyn department, helping recruit 200 patients for infertility clinical trials. The test brought an 87% increase in the number of physician-referred patients for trials compared with the prior four-month period.
"The key is the much more targeted, available information sitting in the EMR that's now turned into a tremendous asset," says Brian Wells, Penn Medicine's associate CIO. Other departments plan to use the app for their own clinical trials.
In general, 85% to 95% of patient care is provided by ambulatory care clinicians--doctors in their offices or other locations outside in-patient hospital settings. Because they tend to have a more ongoing, trusting relationship with their patients, those docs are best positioned to recruit patients for clinical trials, Restuccia says. It's more likely than an ad to produce the right conditions, as well.
Penn Medicine is looking to do more with its electronic health records
Once researchers identify the candidate criteria for a clinical research trial--diagnosis, sex, age, lab results, and medication--the criteria are embedded as an alert in the ambulatory EMR. In the infertility clinical trials, criteria include data such as codes for a diagnosis of polycystic ovaries.
If a patient matches the criteria, his or her doctor gets a message on the patient's EMR screen. Wells calls it a "gentle reminder" for the physician to mention the trial to an appropriate candidate. Physicians can also select a link to learn more about the trial before discussing it with their patients, and they can print out material for patients.
If the patient's interested, the physician can send an email from the EMR to someone trained to discuss the research. If the patient decides to participate, it's noted in the electronic chart so other physicians won't ask the patient to take part in other trials.
The app's development team included several clinicians and researchers and a small IT team--mostly just one Epic EMR team member, who programmed the rules. "The hardest part of the project was getting clinicians to agree on the rules so that you don't generate a lot of false positives," Wells says.
The clinical trial advisory app showed Penn Medicine's team how it can leverage the huge investment in EMRs. More important, Restuccia says, it's moving Penn Medicine toward its bigger goal of providing "more personalized medicine."
IT Leadership & the Strategic CIOExecutive Insights & InnovationElectronic Health RecordsAnalytics
Case Study with Altice, Portugal
Network Monitoring with Corning Tap Modules


For the last 16 months, automotive historian Walt Gosden has been documenting the restoration of the 1937 Chrysler Imperial C-15 Town Car built for Walter P. Chrysler and his wife Della. In the eleventh installment of the series, Walt describes the current state of the restoration with two months until the restored automobile's debut at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance.
We visited Automotive Restorations on June 14th, Flag Day, so the flags were out for our country and it was a banner day for us as well to see the progress that had been made in exactly one month.
The main engine components (pistons, rods, crankshaft, and cam ) have been assembled back into the block and the oil pan has been refitted as well.
The exterior of the block has been painted as well.
The recreated cover panel that caps the body at the B pillar (the original panel was lost years ago) has been installed as have the rain gutters above the rear doors.
Steve Babinsky shows Walt the header piece they have created to fit the top of the windshield. This is part of the unit that will allow a black waterproof fabric cover to be snapped in place for inclement weather when the solid metal panel cover is not in use.
The finished front windshield area is covered to protect the paint while working on the header.
Master upholsterer Jim, holds a sample panel of stitched leather created to determine the various patterns and widths needed for the front interior door panels before the actual sewing of the large door panels began.
The casting for the defroster vent fits under the dashboard (this is a casting not a less expensive stamped metal unit) and will not be seen.
The black painted cover/cap that will be seen that fits to the top of the dashboard is also shown here.
Dozens of fasteners , screws, etc still await to be refitted! All parts were labeled after removal and inventoried to keep track of them all , now that re-installation is being done 1 1/2 years later.
Mike shows Walt the finished steering wheel that we viewed being worked on in the last report.
The nickel plated trim has been refitted to the dashboard and gauges are being reinstalled. Everything is of jewel like quality.
The tail light shells and plated decorative speed streaks have been installed.
The exterior trunk light is a miniature of the styling of the radiator shell . The license plate mounts to the bracket above it and is lit from the light below.
Jim shows how the center trunk panel folds up for access to the spare tire which will lay flat on the floor . The carpet on the shelf can lift up to reveal a hole that allows air to be added to the spare tire without lifting the shelf.
The open trunk shows the fully carpeted trunk area , even the inside of the lid is carpeted as it was originally. That trunk lid is very large and heavy. At the center top near the body edge is a button to turn on/off the trunk light located in the center of the lid.
With both rear doors open the beauty of the horizontal panels in the upholstery can be seen. The interior is as amazing to view as is the outside of the car.
Master upholsterer Bruce shows the ash tray location in the center of the rear arm rest.
Jim working on the base of the division panel.
The rear vanity/division partition woodwork has been restored and reinstalled. The wood is quarter sawn flame tiger maple. The clock will be mounted at the center.
The auxiliary seats have been reupholstered but are not yet installed.
The inside of the center vanity has a shelf that tilts out at the top and will be lined in metal. It was used to hold bottles of liquor.
The large width of the rear doors could not be sewn in the sewing machine normally used that has a 20 inch arm depth. A sewing machine with a 25 inch arm depth had to be brought into the shop (this is a large cast iron piece of equipment) to do the job.
To keep a perfectly straight line while being sewn takes a very steady hand and decades of experience.
The right rear quarter panel shows the assorted buttons connected electrically to the components to serve the amenities of the rear compartment - call button to the chauffeur, vanity light, reading lights, and one separate button to illuminate the clock to be able to have it seen clearly in the dark at night. No wonder there is 1,500 feet of wire under the upholstery in the rear compartment.
Over all view of the cars currently in the shop . The bright blue convertible is a Lincoln Continental that was owned when new by famous pre-WWII band leader Paul Whiteman. He was the man who commissioned and paid composer George Gershwin to write "Rhapsody in Blue" as sen in this rather odd 1930 film.
Very Cool & will be a big hit at Pebble Beach. Hats off to all involved in the restoration.
Wow. Outstanding restoration on a piece of history.
One of the most outstanding automobiles I've ever seen coming back to life.
Beautiful, why cant the auto makers recreate this beauty for today's buyers?
What a job this is turning out to be. The work that has been done is remarkable, the best I should say, you can't get any better than that, perfection, WOW!!! pictures don't do justice, have to see it live.
Bravo! It has truly been a pleasure to watch this restoration as it progresses.
I can't wait to see the real thing! Your commitment to preserving our heritage is inspiring. Kudos!
Sam, there are no openings in the back of the car. The discs just held mirrors.
The Chrysler is absolutely stunning, Howard!
Wow it takes you breath away. I hope to see it in person some day.
Great Pics and write up Walt!
Howard, This car is looking fabulous! It has become one of my favorite cars. I just love the design. What a piece of art!!!
This car is breathtaking - I cannot wait to see it when it returns from California.
What a nice rolling tribute to the craftsmen of yesterday and today ! Perhaps you will pick a Big Band Theme song for it…maby Benny Goodman…..
It keeps getting more and more exciting - I can't wait to see her in action - likely first on a new video, eventually in person!


For two weeks after premium processing resumes for H-1B cap-subject petitions, USCIS will not use pre-paid mailers to send out final notices for premium processing H-1B cap-subject petitions.
The Department of State's Visa Bulletin for May 2016 reflects a final action date of January 1, 2010, for EB-4 visas for special immigrants from El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras.
Applications for USCIS' Citizenship and Integration Grant Program for fiscal year 2016 are due by 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on April 22, 2016.
USCIS used a computer-generated random selection process, or lottery, to select enough petitions to meet the 65,000 general-category cap and the 20,000 cap under the advanced degree exemption.
Until further notice, employers should continue using Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification.
On March 31, 2016, USCIS published a 60-day notice in the Federal Register inviting public comment on a revised version of Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status.
As you study for the U.S. history and government (civics) test, make sure that you know the most current answers to these questions.


Sprkt69 had the most liked content!
Please do, it's quite entertaining in a really sad way.
Things most of us wished we had known from the beginning.
Can you elaborate on this uncertainty?
We also had a lot more experienced pilots making sure they got the job done and flew home.
Like I said, staff math.
So we can rely on only PGM and BOC in all our future conflicts? Weren't you one of those who said we didn't need more F-22s too?


I recently wrote about the nose and how smells evoke memory. In our ocularcentric age, the sense of smell gets sorely undervalued. Scents process more slowly than sights. But it is the nose that most often evokes powerful and concrete memories, even bad ones.
https://aeon.co/essays/how-our-sense-of-smell-works-as-a-mysterious-sixth-sense. Thank you for your writing and I look forward to following the blog.


Cold, wet and miserable conditions prevailed for the Test between the Australian Schools Team and Ireland Under 18s at the home of Ulster Rugby, Ravenhill, Belfast.
Australian captain, Jack McCalman won the toss and as expected ran with the strong wind in the first half. The early exchanges were very physical as both sets of forwards looked to assert authority over the other.
Australia gained the early advantage when awarded a penalty for an Irish infringement at the breakdown. Fly half, Andrew Deegan kicked the goal and Australia held the early lead.
Ireland was quick to respond with points when they too were awarded a penalty and their penalty attempt also successful. For the remainder of the first half, honors were evenly shared in terms of field position.
Both teams had chances to score but accuracy in the tough conditions was costing both teams. Jack McCalman and Lolo Faka'osilea won crucial turnover ball at times but the Australian scrum began to be punished by the French referee with a series of infringements, and Ireland in turn placed Australia under serious pressure.
In the 30th minute, an Irish try was scored in the corner after control and patience was demonstrated by the forwards. In the final seconds of the first half, Australia had a great opportunity to add points after some impressive patterns of play.
Unfortunately, an Australian knock on only centimeters from the line halted the opportunity to even up the game at the break and at half time it was the Ireland Under 18s with an 8 – 3 lead over Australian Schools.
At the break, confidence was high in the Australian dressing room even though the team would be running into the strong gale in the second half. The second half could not have started better with an Irish mistake from the restart.
The Australian intensity had lifted and they began to play controlled, multiphase rugby to place the Irish under pressure.
In the 36th minute, Australian scrum half, James Tuttle spotted an opening down the short side, took his chance and touched down for Australia's first try after gliding through two Irish defenders.
Unfortunately the conversion was unsuccessful but Australia's confidence was building as the scores were now locked up at 8-8. Both teams were handling the tough conditions well with Ireland kicking accurately and Australia returning the ball with great willingness.
Australia were also getting on top at scrum time after troubles with interpretation in the first half. The penalty count was starting to even up as Ireland tried everything at the breakdown to unsettle the Australian momentum but were now on the wrong side of the French referee.
An Irish yellow card added to their frustration as the Australian runners hammered away at the Irish defense and winning the battle of the breakdown. Andrew Deegan added a further penalty goal in the 50th minute as Australia regained the lead 11-8.
From the restart Ireland lifted and played their best Rugby of the second half, however the Australian defense was up for the fight and eventually an Irish error was forced and Australia returned fire.
Ball control was crucial running into the wind and the Australian players demonstrated great discipline for the remainder of the second half. Substitutions were made by both teams as fatigue in the tough conditions was evident.
The Australian bench lifted the team as each player who came on made a real impression to ensure a positive final outcome. The Irish gave away another penalty in the 59th minute well within kicking range.
Andrew Deegan slotted the extras and Australia increased their lead to 14-8. For the remainder of the match, Australia dominated possession and held on for a well – deserved, memorable victory.
Penalty Goals: Andrew Deegan x 3) defeated Ireland Under 18s, 8 (try and 1 penalty goal).


All of us at St. Ambrose are ready to assist you in this important decision-making process, from answering specific questions about our university to walking you through the necessary steps to apply for admission and financial aid. Choose the correct option for you below, and apply today!
Apply to St. Ambrose University as a graduate student, you must have completed either a bachelor's or master's degree.
As you begin the application process, we highly recommend reading all instructions provided for you. You'll need to submit official transcripts for all secondary (high school, GED program) and post-secondary studies (community college, college, university). Contact each institution you have attended and request an official transcript be sent to St. Ambrose University.
Undergraduate or graduate students whose main residence is outside the United States – no matter how many college courses you've taken or completed – should follow the steps on the International Admissions page.
At St. Ambrose University, we understand that sometimes the journey to graduation includes taking a break from classes for a variety of reasons. Ultimately, we want to see you achieve your dreams and earn your degree, which is why we have put together a team of dedicated staff members to help you return to St. Ambrose.
Learn more about the steps to re-start your journey to graduation.


text:
Area athletes set to clear final hurdle at Meet of Champions
Photo by Warren Westura/New Jersey Herald — Sparta's Carlie Wilson clears the bar during girls high jump at the North 1, Group 3 track and field championships on May 25 at River Dell High School. Wilson's mark of 5 feet, 6 inches is second in the state heading into Meet of Champions.
By Matt Bove New Jersey Herald
Posted: Jun. 7, 2019 12:01 am
This week, 19 individual local track and field athletes and two relay teams have been preparing to make their way to Northern Burlington High School on Saturday for the biggest day of the season.
They will have an opportunity to prove themselves among the best of the best on the high school level in New Jersey at the Meet of Champions, which is slated to start at 2 p.m. due to SAT testing.
The area's best two shots at state championships based on seeds are Carlie Wilson of Sparta in the high jump and Kaylee Stenderowicz of Kittatinny in the triple jump. They were two of the top local standouts at the MOC last year, both placing inside the top 15.
Wilson was 11th in the state as a junior with a high jump of 5 feet, 4 inches. Her seed mark this year is two inches better at 5 feet, 6 inches -- the mark she hit in the Group 3 championships -- which is good for second in the state headed into the competition. The only girl Wilson is behind is Tierra Hooker of Timber Creek, who beat Wilson to win Group 3 by getting up to 5 feet, 10 inches.
As for Stenderowicz, she has also made strides after placing 14th in the state as a junior last year in the triple jump (37 feet, 7 inches). She is coming off winning a Group 1 title last week (38 feet, 4.75 inches) and has a qualifying mark for the MOC of 39 feet and 1 inch, which is fifth going into the event.
Also on the girls' side, Pope John's Emma Myer was a top athlete at last year's MOC by placing fifth in the 800 (2:13.78). She will be back this year and has now also qualified for the 1600 as well. Myer qualified 16th in the 800 (2:15.30) and 12th in the 1600 (4:58.98).
The depth of area girls qualifying for the MOC is very strong behind the top three studs with a lot of athletes getting an opportunity to make some noise. On the track, Pope John's Bridget McNally (25.34) and Vernon's Jess Wilkens (25.55) are seeded 28th and 32nd, respectively, in the 200. The two sprinters already battled once at the Hunterdon Warren Sussex Championships with McNallly coming in second and Wilkens third. Newton's Madison Latimer comes in as the 32nd-ranked competitor in the 400 (57.95), and Pope John's Natlie O'Hearn will be running with her teammate, Myer, in the 1600 after qualifying 29th (5:11).
The Lions will have a number of athletes competing at the MOC in field events, led by Teja Brown qualifying for both the long jump and triple jump. She comes in at 12th in the triple jump (37 feet, 4.5 inches) and 21st in the long jump (17 feet, 8.75 inches).
Taima Ross (javelin), Afua Agyekum (discus) and Maura Campbell (shot put) will also be competing for Pope John. Jade Luciani of Newton (discus) rounds out the list of girls along with the Pope John 4x100 relay team.
On the boys' side, Alex Mastroianni of Wallkill Valley is the only one to have qualified for multiple events. He is coming off a Group 1 championship in the javelin with a top throw of 177 feet, 9 inches. Mastroianni is seeded ninth in the javelin and 21st in the 400 hurdles (55.67). His teammate, Kevin Armstrong, will be joining him in the javelin as the 24th seed (163 feet, 5 inches).
Charles DaSilva is the only area boy seeded inside the top 10, as he comes in at No. 9 in the 800 with a qualifying time of 1:53.64. Reigning Herald Cross Country Runner of the Year Liam McHale is the only other individual Pope John athlete who has qualified on the track (21st seed in the 3200). However, McHale, DaSilva, Eric Libero and James Setlock will be running as a team in the 4X800 relay.
Sparta's Brayden Jensen, who was the only area boy to qualify for the MOC last year in any event, is back in the 800. The reigning Herald Tack & Field Athlete of the Year is the 18th seed in the 800 (1:53.64). Pope John's John Albright will be competing in the high jump and rounds out the qualifiers for the boys.
More In Boys Track and Field


text:
package gudusoft.gsqlparser.sql2xml.model;

import org.simpleframework.xml.Element;

public class window_function_type
{

	@Element(required = false)
	private String rank_function_type;

	@Element(required = false)
	private String kw_row_number;

	@Element(required = false)
	private aggregate_function aggregate_function;

	public String getRank_function_type( )
	{
		return rank_function_type;
	}

	public void setRank_function_type( String rank_function_type )
	{
		this.rank_function_type = rank_function_type;
	}

	public String getKw_row_number( )
	{
		return kw_row_number;
	}

	public void setKw_row_number( String kw_row_number )
	{
		this.kw_row_number = kw_row_number;
	}

	public aggregate_function getAggregate_function( )
	{
		return aggregate_function;
	}

	public void setAggregate_function( aggregate_function aggregate_function )
	{
		this.aggregate_function = aggregate_function;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
define({
  "layerSelect": "Válassza ki a réteget",
  "elevationFieldSelect": "Magasság mező",
  "azimuthFieldSelect": "Azimut mező",
  "searchRadiusSelect": "Keresési sugár",
  "showThumbnailText": "Bélyegképek megjelenítése a raszterlistában",
  "rasterInfoFieldsSelect": "Válassza ki a lista adatmezőit",
  "fieldLimitText": "Legfeljebb 3 mezőt lehet kiválasztani.",
  "autoSyncText": "Fő térkép szinkronizálása",
  "errorSectionMessage": "A kiválasztott térképen nem találhatók raszteres adatszolgáltatási rétegek. Válasszon olyan térképet, amely ferdetengelyű távérzékelést tartalmazó raszteres adatszolgáltatási réteggel rendelkezik.",
  "distanceToolText": "Távolság- és területeszközök engedélyezése",
  "outOfRangeMessage": "Adjon meg 0 és 100 közötti értéket",
  "decimalPlace": "tizedes jegy",
  "decimalPlaces": "tizedes jegy",
  "separator": "Ezres elválasztó használata",
  "showTime": "Idő megjelenítése"
});


Cozy fleece pairs with flattering and stylish details in this pretty women's fleece Gilet.
Named after one of the best ski towns in New England, USA, this Sherpa fleece gilet is the one you'll reach for after a powder day or whenever you want cosy warmth. Washable genuine leather trim on the collar, pockets, and hem is a stylish touch, but also lends durability, helping to prevent wear and tear. Fully lined for comfort over layers. Fleece: 100% polyester. Lining: 60% cotton/40% polyester. Washable.
Sizes XS; about 25½" long.


text:
collaborative innovation, innovation funds
World Bank and UK government fund innovations to cope with natural disasters
Field experiences from Nepal to New Orleans have proven that technological innovation can 'empower communities to build their own solutions to the risk of disasters', says Rachel Kyte, World Bank Group's (WBG) vice president. To spread these initiatives further and reduce the impact of disasters on developing countries, the WBG, the UK government and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) have recently established the Challenge Fund.
This fund will help spur the creation of groundbreaking approaches and partnerships between developing countries, technological companies and non-governmental organisations, to tackle the natural threats to which developing regions are particularly vulnerable – such as floods, droughts, cyclones and earthquakes.
Innovation saving lives
Collaborative practices are central in this process, says Francis Ghesquiere of the GFDRR. 'We have seen the potential for crowdsourcing and participatory mapping skyrocket, with governments around the world embracing the power of the crowd to collect data on schools, roads, refugee camps and so on. Datasets that would otherwise take years and millions of dollars to collect.'
Innovation also has a major role to play. According to UK Minister of International Development Desmond Swayne, technology to help countries prepare for disasters exists, and it is getting better every day. 'Early warning systems saved thousands of lives when Cyclone Sidr hit Bangladesh in 2007, aid workers in Haiti used crowdsourcing software to find people after the 2010 earthquake and weather forecasting expertise is helping the Philippines predict and prepare for catastrophes like Typhoon Haiyan.'
World-class data tools and innovations can indeed 'save lives', explains Swayne. Yet, 'global investment in these new technologies remains far too low and is not keeping pace with the growing risk countries face.' The number of natural disasters has doubled in the past 30 years, with annual costs to economies growing from $50 billion to almost $200 billion, WBG reports.
The Challenge Fund will offer grants of between $20,000 and $150,000 to up to 20 projects, in the fund's first phase. Find out more about the initiative here.
http://www.innovationmatrix.com//news/world-bank-and-uk-government-fund-innovations-to-cope-with-natural-disasters
YEAR Conference 2019
Is human-driven innovation overtaking traditional R&D?
Humans meet machines: a new kind of collaborative intelligence
sustainability energy higher education incremental innovation innovation initiative women leaders Summit international women's day management innovation human intelligence expertise innovation strategy


text:
Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum
The Carnegie Trees, that are commemorating 60 years, are showcased in the Hall of Architecture. This year's theme, BEDAZZLED, celebrates the trees' diamond anniversary. Becoming a member is doubtless certainly one of the best ways to fill your 12 months with enjoyable and thought-provoking experiences. Your membership strengthens the Crocker's packages and exhibitions that make the Sacramento area a extra vibrant place to reside, work, and play. Every yr, the Museum relies on the generosity of associates like you to help academic packages and exhibitions that stimulate, encourage, and build connections.
Most bigger paintings from about 1530 onwards have been designed to be seen either in churches or palaces, and lots of buildings built as palaces now perform successfully as art museums. By the 18th century additions to palaces and country homes were sometimes meant particularly as galleries for viewing art, and designed with that in thoughts. The architectural type …
01/10/2022 by andrean Photograpy
Your donation helps the Toledo Museum of Art design and host award-winning exhibitions. The Toledo Museum of Art is a famend global chief in the visible arts, structure, and academic programming. The more infectious Delta variant of COVID-19 has led to a steep rise in cases throughout the country. Effective August 11, all visitors, staff, and contractors will be required to wear face coverings when inside TMA buildings. Bring your friends and family to this workshop led by a local artist. A certified American Sign Language interpreter joins an Art Museum docent every month for a free tour of certainly one of our particular exhibitions.
The sculpture will go on view in MultitudesBecome a member Support the museum's mission to present self-taught art throughout time and place. It helps us serve our neighborhood, create world-class art experiences, and offer moments of transformation via art for all ages. The visual texts …
Patricia & Phillip Frost Artwork Museum
Membership Become a Member Enjoy first entry to exhibitions, free admission for you and friends, plus far more. MCA Chicago In order to manage occupancy, we're encouraging visitors to reserve their tickets online prior to visiting. Read an expanded history of the Walters Art Museum and a new set of variety, equity, accessibility, and inclusion goals for the museum. The oldest artwork assortment on campus, the University College Collection contains works by Canadian artists, including members of the Group of Seven painters as nicely as Inuit artists Kenoujak Ashevak and Jessie Oonark. The Museum's main constructing is closed for development of our bold new Museum, designed by Sir David Adjaye and slated to open in late 2024. Support the work of the BMA and get early entry to exhibitions and applications.
The giant auction houses, such as Sotheby's, Bonhams, and Christie's, maintain large on-line databases of art which they have