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By 1988, many annuals that we grew-up with during the 70s and 80s had already reached their peak, and were experiencing a decline in sales. Many of them ceased publication during the 1990s.
It seems a great shame that many youngster's today do not enjoy the thrill of receiving an annual for Christmas. I spent many any hour reading them (and colouring them in) during the festive break. Then when it was back to school time, I would take it with me to share with my friends. Maybe you did the same?
Anyway, see how many of these you remember...
My Guy Annual 1988
This teen mag was responsible for launching the careers of many celebrities, including Tracey Ullman and Hugh Grant. In its heyday, the magazine had a circulation of around 300,000. The first annual was published in 1979, and this 1988 annual featuring 80s pop star Nick Heyward on its front cover was the final one. This was also the only annual not to feature a couple on its front cover.
The Topper Book 1988
The Topper Book was published each year from 1955 until 1994. A one-off The Best of The Topper Annual was published in 2015. The comics were published from 1953 until 1990, and comic strips included Beryl the Peril, Tom and Jerry, Sir Laughalot, Mickey the Monkey and Andy Ladd, to name but a few!
Victor Book for Boys 1988
By 1988, this annual was starting to show its age. The first annual came out in 1964, and the last one was published in 1994. I first experienced the annual in the 1970s, and like many young boys during the 70s, I was crazy about Action Man, Airfix soldiers and anything to do with WWII. The Victor comic's generous helping of war related action comic strips were right up my street! Comic strips included Gorgeous Gus, Alf Tupper, I Flew with Braddock, Ball Boy, General Cadman, and Segeant Bob Millar of The Coldstream Guards.
Whizzer and Chips Annual 1988
This popular British comic was published from October 1969 until October 1990, before merging with Buster. The annual was published from 1971 until 1994. There were dozens of comic strips, but the ones I remember most are Sid's Snake (featured here on the front cover), Lazy Bones (about a boy who kept falling asleep), Strange Hill and Sweet Tooth.
Pippin Annual 1988
The Beano Book 1988
The Beano is the only annual on the page which is still being published. It's the most recognised comic and annual, and one that just about everyone read at some point during their childhood. This cover features three of the comic's most popular character's, Dennis the Menace and Minnie the Minx wearing the iconic red and black striped shirt, and Gnasher.
Oor Wullie Annual 1988
The Scottish comic strip Oor Wullie appears every week in The Sunday Post. Wullie made his first appearance on 8th March 1936. Here on the front cover we see him wearing his trademark dungarees and sitting on an upturned bucket - the bucket featured on 20 annual covers. I've always wondered why his spiky hair is blonde and not ginger, though.
Thundercats Annual 1988
Thundercats Cartoon
ThunderCats: The Complete Series (DVD-R) [Blu-ray]BUY AT AMAZON
1986 Annuals for Girls
Thundercats Annuals


As Narcotics Anonymous grows in a community, meetings and groups in the area may want to carry the message of recovery. In isolated or developing NA communities, often due to a meeting's geographical location, or due the limited development of an NA service system, formation of and participation in an ASC with an H&I subcommittee is not yet possible or practical. Once an H&I meeting/presentation is started, the news can spread very quickly. Facilities hear about our H&I efforts and seek out local members, often requesting an H&I meeting or information about NA meetings. Usually, these original members in an area are very committed and try to say "yes" to all requests, so new H&I meetings are started. At this point, it may be helpful to inventory both the human and financial resources available in order to prioritize meetings and/or facilities that can be served effectively. H&I needs committed members, but literature and transportation costs should also be considered.


Passing legislation hasn't been Rep. Jim Jordan's strong suit, but that isn't dampening the spirit of conservatives who are rallying behind his bid to become the 55th speaker of the House.
Instead, it is his ability to gum up the works, along with his near-unwavering support for President Trump, that is enchanting tea party and right-wing groups. They say they have been ill-served by a string of deal-making Republican leaders.
More than 100 conservative groups and top-level activists have announced their backing for Mr. Jordan in his bid to win the House's top post if Republicans keep control of the House.
Jim Jordan faces a battle because he is a minority Conservative patriot, which are excluded from the selection process by both parties.
The RNC and DNC only fronts and supports candidates that prostitute themselves to the Uni-Party Globalist agenda or they get no money.
The RNC and DNC fight to purposely exclude 3rd and 4th party candidates from national debates with arcane rules.
THE MSM is owned by the globalist elites enforcing the blacklist treatment for 3rd and 4th party candidates.
The SCOTUS ruled that corporations and unions are "citizens" and can spend unlimited amounts of money as protected "Free Speech", thus perverting the election process.
American voters are left to to choose between pre-selected shades of grey.
It should worry all Americans that ONLY rare rich patriots like Ross Perot and Donald Trump every 25 years or so can circumvent the Globalist Uni-Party strangle hold on the process and run for high political office.
The globalist coup is damned near complete.
I totally agree, no more r i n o house speakers!!!! We deserve better!!!!!!


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Manjit Minhas - Mother | Beer Baroness | Entrepreneur | Dragon on Dragons' Den
Contact Manjit
Talent On Tap – The Manjit Minhas Podcast Extends the Olive Branch
There are so many reasons for wanting to start a business, but where do start and what type of education is required to be successful? So many questions with no answers to be found… until now. If you've ever watched an episode of CBC's, The Dragons Den, then you might be familiar with Manjit Minhas. She joined the panel 6 seasons ago and is an award-winning entrepreneur, voted Canada's Top 40 Under 40 and Top 100 Entrepreneurs in Canada. On November 17th, The Manjit Minhas Podcast debut its first episode & broke the top 10 on Apple Podcasts.
: Hollywood North Magazine
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ABOUT MANJIT
Manjit Minhas, is a Canadian entrepreneur, television personality, and entrepreneur.
She is the co-founder and CEO of Minhas Breweries & Distillery, manufacturer of such beer brands as Boxer Lager & Pilsner and Mountain Crest Classic Lager.
Manjit is the star of the CBC reality television series Dragons' Den since 2015.
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'NXT Takeover: New York 2019' Pay Per View Review
by Nathan Favel
Welcome to this review of NXT Takeover: New York 2019. I'm Nathan Favel and we have five big matches on one of the biggest WWE cards of the year. Let's see how well this card did and if could escape the shadow of Wrestlemania.
Match #1: NXT Tag Team Champions The War Raiders def. Aleister Black & Ricochet – NXT Tag Team Championship Match
The following is courtesy of wwe.com:
He who hesitates in war is he who has lost. Unfortunately for Aleister Black & Ricochet, that lesson was learned in the final minutes of a full-throttle tag team showdown against NXT's barbarous throne, The War Raiders. After overcoming every conceivable combination in the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic, including a well-oiled #DIY reunion, Black & Ricochet brought the storm to the much-grizzled Hanson & Rowe. But, in the midst of their fast-paced, both sides shared nothing but respect. A fist bump was shared between Rowe and Black, as they started the bout with excellent mat-wrestling, followed by a stare down between all four Superstars that presented quite the stalemate. For all the fire thrown by the swift and fierce challengers, the champions' unrelenting offense helped repress extensive dents in their armor.
In the early goings, as Black torpedoed Rowe with blistering strikes around the ring, the modern-day Viking responded with a punishing knee strike to the jaw. The action intensified once Hanson tagged in, as he rammed both challengers into the turnbuckle like a battering ram. The crowd went into a tizzy after Ricochet flung the super heavyweight across the canvas with an astounding fallaway slam. From there, the 82nd airborne would've had a hard time controlling the action. After War Raiders sought to pin Ricochet following a series of tandem offense, The Dutch Destroyer thwarted the attack with a diving kick, which later culminated with the action spilling out of the ring and from there welcomed a flying senton by Hanson that squashed everyone on the outside.
Black & Ricochet appeared to be moments away from victory when The Striking Man from Amsterdam struck Rowe with a Black Mass that was then followed by a 630 Splash from The One and Only. Hanson prevented the three-count, leading to the mighty duo tossing Black out of the ring and planting Ricochet into the canvas with the Fallout to claim victory. The valiant effort by Black & Ricochet resulted in a mutual show of respect, as Hanson & Rowe hugged their challengers and gave them a bow. As the fast-and-furious tandem prepare to go for the SmackDown Tag Team Titles at WrestleMania, they delivered one heck of a pre-game. Still, in the fight for the throne, Hanson & Rowe retained the crown to maintain their rule over the black-and-gold Tag Team division.
My Take: 4 out of 5 – This was a fantastic match that did as much for the WWE's tag team as any match in the past several years. This match had a bit of everything, from technical to aerial to brawling and anything else you can think of just shy of ECW blood and guts carnage. The action was like a rapid-fire machine gun blasting you in the face. I almost sound like I'm taking this seriously…almost. This whole thing was a blast from bell to bell, which is what a big match should be.
Match #2: NXT North American Champion Velveteen Dream def. Matt Riddle – NXT North American Championship Match
And as the stars aligned over Barclays Center, two words lit up the Big Apple skyline: "Dream TakeOver." To quote a legendary Brooklyn, N.Y. native, Matt Riddle realized his plans of leaving TakeOver as champion "was all a dream." Following a truly epic showdown that pulled the best out of both competitors, Velveteen Dream dashed his opponent's plans like the MTA subway line at rush hour. But that's not to say Riddle didn't go down swinging. Following a showstopping entrance that added new meaning behind Billie Eilish's "you should see me in a crown," Dream sought to teach Riddle a lesson in sharing his spotlight. Riddle put his educated feet to work early, introducing the champion to his mixed martial arts background. From there came a test of strength stalemate, as they locked into each other like a game of "Centipede," before Riddle saw his armbar attempt spoiled by a counter from Dream. As Dream took a moment to bask in his greatness, an aggressive Riddle answered back with back-to-back powerslams before the champion reversed a third attempt with a roll-up pin. The counter exchanges spilled outside the ring, as Dream saw his diving double axe handle reversed into a German suplex.
Riddle continued his aggressive onslaught, folding Dream with a few more German suplexes in the ring. The physical contest soon evolved from show of strength to a full-on melee, as Riddle remained committed to keeping his opponent down with a flurry of excruciating submission holds and punishing grapples. Dream, however, went for broke as well, even going as far as dropping his challenger with a Dream DDT and Dream Driver. Refusing to go down, the ever-resilient Riddle bounced back stronger. As Dream attempted to climb the turnbuckle for another aerial attack, The Original Bro hopped up and latched on another spine-tingling German suplex followed by a Floating Bro (a moonsault turned senton) from the top rope, that put the entire NXT Universe in a frenzy. But the spotlight belongs to one Superstar. As Riddle countered a Purple Rainmaker for another Bromission, the Dream remarkably pulled off a unique reversal of his own, rolling up the challenger to score the 1-2-3. Besides succeeding in turning the Big Apple into Dreamland, The Dream later acknowledged the hard-fought effort from Riddle by accepting a fist bump, which the NXT North American Challenge refused to do at the start of the title fight.
My Take: 4 out of 5 – This was another fantastic match that gave Dream his best bout yet, while Riddle exceeded all expectations. Everything was smooth and fluid, which made each stunt that much easier to believe in. This was great stuff and it held up in comparison to the first match on this card, which is a real compliment.
Match #3: WALTER def. Pete Dunne to become WWE United Kingdom Champion
In the words of MF Doom, "Just remember ALL CAPS when you spell the man's name." WALTER, who wasted no time setting his sights on NXT UK's top crown at TakeOver: Blackpool, pulled the rug out from under Pete Dunne's 685-day reign to become the new WWE United Kingdom Champion, marking the first time in nearly two years that the championship changed hands. The Austrian Anomaly outlasted The BrusierWeight in a classic heavy-hitting clash that left the Barclays Center in awe. The epic proportions of this match were immediately felt once Dvořák's Symphony No. 9 ushered WALTER to the ring, all as the whispers of whether Dunne could overcome his greatest in-ring test to date fluttered throughout the arena. It wasn't long before this instant classic revved into high gear, as the title fight began with a grappling fest that saw Dunne indulge in his joint-manipulating tendencies and WALTER unload his armored tank-like offense.
The rivals spent most of the first half feeling each other out with their respective in-ring styles, including Dunne's sophisticated mat game and WALTER's grueling strength. When The BruiserWeight locked in a painstaking leg lock, the moving Austrian tank answered with a vicious Boston crab. Moments after, as WALTER attempted to thrust Dunne across the ring with a superplex from the turnbuckle, The BrusierWeight slipped away and dropped the walking freight train with a powerbomb. Both Superstars showed off explosive power, demonstrating why their respective paths collided here at TakeOver. WALTER was undone by his decision to ensure that Dunne recognize he was facing his biggest threat. He pulled out all stops and attempted a body splash from the top rope, before The BrusierWeight trapped him in with a triangle submission hold. The Brooklyn crowd responded with a gallant roar, as the champion's tenacity and resilience combated the challenger's overbearing power. Dunne looked to be closing in on victory when he delivered a Bitter End, but Walter responded with a miraculous kickout. After savagely exchanging blows, the two once again found each other at the top of the turnbuckle, where WALTER drove Dunne across the ring with a larger-than-life powerbomb that could have shaken the Barclays pavement to its core.
The deciding moment came within seconds when WALTER wasted no time and returned to the turnbuckle, where he flattened Dunne with a mega-sized body splash to claim the WWE United Kingdom Title. It was far from easy, but as the dust cleared on this epic collision, there stood the newest king to the NXT UK throne and the most destructive force to spar with Dunne.
My Take: 4.5 out of 5 – This was some mean, nasty $#!@ that made me feel like it was a New Japan show instead of a WWE event. WALTER is very much in the same vein as Goldberg, in terms of his aura and his personality. Dunne did great here as a champion that looked desperate to win and fought in defiance until the end. Overall, this was a fabulous bout that gave this title an important moment in its history.
Match #4: NXT Women's Champion Shayna Baszler def. Bianca Belair, Io Shirai and Kairi Sane (Fatal 4-Way Match For The NXT Women's Championship)
Shayna Baszler may not have been too happy after receiving the news that the odds would be stacked against her in Fatal 4-Way competition, as she didn't need to be pinned to lose her prized NXT Women's Title, but as she's shown over the last two TakeOvers, adversity is the champion's energy drink. Previous battles against Kairi Sane at TakeOver: WarGames II, Bianca Belair at TakeOver: Phoenix, and a brush with Io Shirai in Six-Woman Tag Team action on the Feb. 6 installment of NXT prepared The Queen of Spades to survive the madness.
At the start of this frenetic brawl, all four competitors laid into each other with unbridled fury. Almost immediately, Baszler squared up with Shirai, while Belair slugged it out with Sane. After tossing out their rivals, Baszler and Belair soon went at it, picking up where their previous one-on-one battle left off. But like New York traffic, things soon got out of hand. At one point, there was a double powerbomb superplex by all four competitors from the top of the turnbuckle, and then there was a Gorilla Press Slam from Belair that tossed Shirai over Sane and Baszler. Then there was tandem offense by Shirai and Sane, which included an alley-oop In-Sane Elbow that launched The Pirate Princess over the top rope to the outside onto Belair and Baszler, the latter of whom was folded with a dazzling moonsault by The Genius of the Sky.
After a frantic back-and-forth that even saw Shirai and Sane put their friendship to the backburner, Belair delivered the must-see moment of the night when she used her overwhelming strength to elevate both Sky Pirates over her shoulders and land a K.O.D. Though The EST looked seconds away from a victory, The Queen of Spades once again silenced the noise by vacuumed Belair into a Kirifuda Clutch. Belair did everything she could to escape the deadly maneuver, thrashing on the canvas frantically clawing at the titleholder's face, but The EST of NXT eventually had no choice but to submit, allowing The Queen of Spades to retain her title with a gritty victory.
My Take: 4 out of 5 – This was a real barn-burner of a bout and proof that Bazsler has got the goods. This match felt like an appropriate to have her pass the strap on to someone else, but her three opponents aren't ready for being the star of the show. Overall, you can't beat a match that gives all the athletes a fair shot greatness.
Match #5: (Main Event) Johnny Gargano def. Adam Cole in 2-out-of-3 Falls Match to win the NXT Championship
And your new NXT Champion is…
The journeys of Johnny Gargano and Adam Cole, although different in their routes, reached a parallel when they intersected at the Barclays Center. As both trails are steeped in blood, sweat and tears, so is their ambition of capturing the top prize in NXT. Where Cole aspired to make his NXT Title desire reach a full circle inside Barclays, the same location of his statement-making debut at TakeOver: Brooklyn III, Gargano simply wanted it more. Like a Billy Joel concert at The Garden, a standing ovation filled the arena as Gargano defeated Cole to become the newest NXT Champion. A tour de force was bestowed on the NXT Universe, as Gargano and Cole put it all on the line in one of the most emotionally-stirring NXT Championship Matches of all time. The setting was electric, as chants of "Adam Cole (BAY BAY!)" and "Johnny Wrestling" bellowed across the arena. To kick off the bout, the expert competitors delivered a textbook display of fundamental mat-game wrestling, constantly trading holds and reversals. At one point, Gargano almost locked in a Gargano Escape before Cole reached for the rope. Later, Cole locked in his own set of submission maneuvers, switching from a headlock to a dragon sleeper. As the offense tradeoff continued, Cole soon found himself on the receiving end of a slingshot spear that nearly caught the first pinfall. Seemingly using that as fuel, The Panama City Playboy eventually scored the first pinfall after knocking Gargano down with the Last Shot.
The pin-count put a battery into Johnny Wrestling, as he connected with a flurry of strikes before spearing Cole out of the ring. Johnny pulled out all stops, borrowing a page from his former #DIY tag team partner, Tommaso Ciampa, by driving Cole on his back with an Air Raid Crash from the top of the turnbuckle. Bringing the fight, Gargano then followed up with a Slingshot DDT on the unforgiving ring apron. As the two traded submission holds in the middle of the ring, Gargano clasped onto his opponent with a Gargano Escape that forced Cole to tap out. At that point, the fire of this competitive battle intensified. Where Cole plugged in an echoing superkick to the back of Gargano, followed by a Straight Jacket German suplex, the resilient Gargano delivered a reverse hurricanrana that forced his opponent to the outside. The fight turned ugly when Cole flung Gargano onto the ring apron with another hard-hitting German suplex. The ever-resilient Gargano remarkably synced in a slingshot DDT that blew the roof off Barclays Center, but Cole regained the upper hand by launching himself off the second rope to drop his opponent with a Canadian Destroyer.
The Big Apple showdown then spilled outside with Cole going as far as insulting Gargano by stealing a page from Ciampa's textbook, dropping him with a Fairytale Ending on the announcer's table. Surviving a count-out, Johnny Wrestling hopped back in the ring and was met with a Meeting in the Middle. Once Gargano kicked out, Cole followed up with even more intensity. He carried out another Last Shot that saw another pin attempt foiled by a kickout. Unloading his cache of offense, Cole later attempted an aerial attack that was countered by a Gargano Escape. Undisputed ERA joined the fray to provide their comrade with strength in numbers. Despite Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly sneaking in a High & Low on Gargano as the referee was down, the black-and-gold brand's superhero rose above the odds. After leveling Roderick Strong, O'Reilly and Fish with a flurry of attacks, Gargano hopped back into the ring where he encountered another swift Last Shot that resulted in another mindboggling kickout. Gargano then countered another rushing attack from Cole to fasten a Gargano Escape, and after several tense seconds, Cole frantically tapped out to give Gargano his first-ever NXT Championship win.
The emotional victory left many with tears of joy, including Ciampa, who emerged at the stage to stand alongside the new champion and Candice LeRae and surprise his former foe with a hug that further emphasized the heartwarming nature of Gargano's win. This latest chapter pins 2019 as Gargano's year of "wins and championships." So long to that bucket list.
My Take: 4.5 out of 5 – Despite being marred by too many interference spots, this match delivered what a main event is supposed to deliver, which is incredible action at a tremendous level of quality. This match made great use of the 2/3 Falls stipulation and milked everything of what it's worth. Look for an even contest that allowed both men to appear as legitimate and formidable as you can in a wrestling match. Overall, this was among some of the best wrestling out there.
News Of The Night:
Kushida is now an NXT member.
Edge and Beth Phoenix were at the show.
Tommaso Ciampa and Johny Gargano celebrated the latter's title win in such fashion that it makes you think that both have been turned face.
Final Verdict: 5/5
The individual matches made this event the best from the WWE in quite some time.
Category : Reviews, TV
Tags : NXT Takeover: New York, NXT Takeover: New York 2019, Pay Per View, PPV, Review, WWE NXT


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Does anyone have a code for scenejournal or know how or where I can get one. If you were willing to share your code or any information with me it would be appericated. Please help me.
sorry guys im leaving. this community is dead.
if anyone wants to add me, feel free.
sorry guys but i'm leaving the community. it's been pretty dead anyways. perhaps things will improve. good luck and bye.


Hello, yes I know I've missed a reading roundup – my apologies for that. I've had a lot of shifts at work and was working some crazy hours over the last few weeks. Also I had a virus which left me rather run down. Also, there were some great season finale TV shows on – Game of Thrones and Outlander – which I really wanted to watch. Also LEGO Star Wars: The Force Awakens won't play itself. Anyway, enough excuses.
Right now I'm in a kind of reading slump. I have many, many books in my TBR, but none of them are taking my fancy. Don't you just hate that? I have hopes that Snow Like Ashes by Sara Raasch may help ease me out of that slump.
Since my last roundup, I have managed to finish a few books, and consign one to my Did Not Finish pile. Sorry The Crown's Game, you just didn't grab my interest fast enough.
The books I completed were Paper and Fire by Rachel Caine, for which you should have seen a full review go up earlier this week, Stealing Snow by Danielle Paige, one of the ARCs I received at BEA 2016 and On the Merits of Unnaturalness by Samantha Shannon.
Danielle Paige's Stealing Snow was one of my most anticipated ARCs from BEA and I was really looking forward to reading it. However, I didn't enjoy it as much as I'd hoped. I will write a full review nearer to the time. I didn't find Snow as engaging a protagonist as Dorothy Must Die's Amy Gumm, and I personally prefer the world of Oz to Hans Christian Andersen's world. From Dorothy Must Die, I know that Paige's narrative and characters become much stronger as the series progresses so I will be more than happy to check out book two. I gave Stealing Snow three and a half stars out of five.
On the Merits of Unnaturalness by Samantha Shannon is a companion novella to her Bone Season series. At only 37 pages it is very short, but it is jam packed with worldbuilding and useful information. It is written as an in-world pamphlet explaining the different orders of clairvoyants appearing in the series. The Bone Season series is one that is really growing on me as it progresses – we're at book two of a seven book series – and this novella has really whetted my appetite for The Song Rising due in March 2017.
That's all for today. Have a great weekend!


You can now get the Tata Tiago with an AMT transmission. But should you? Let's conduct a small experiment to find out.
We could put it down to the crazy amount of traffic these days, and the human race getting a bit lazier, that automatics are becoming widely popular with the masses. Automated Manual Transmission (AMT) are much simpler when compared to other automatic transmission technologies and this has made two-pedal tech so much more accessible.
In theory, the Tata Tiago AMT should be easier to drive in the city, while trading a bit of the refinement expected from an automatic transmission-equipped vehicle. To put this theory to the test, we drove the petrol-powered Tiago AMT in peak city traffic and then on some twisties to end the journey on top of a hill. Does the little Tiago sail through it all? Let's get going.
The Tiago's 1.2-litre petrol is a refined and friendly engine, but it isn't particularly punchy. The three-cylinder engine makes its 85PS of peak power right at the 6000rpm redline. What keeps it from becoming a hassle in the city is that the 114Nm of torque is produced midway at 3,500rpm and there's plenty available at lower revs. This means that you keep picking up speed in a linear manner. But, and here's the big but, this is something you won't realise at first. And that is because of the AMT gearbox. Let me explain.
The Tiago's AMT let's you choose between three modes - City, Sport and Manual. Left to do its own thinking in the city, the AMT feels rather laidback. It is eager to shift up gears, no doubt in the interest of fuel efficiency. If you decide to drive at a pace, anything faster than leisurely, the two-pedal Tiago takes some getting used to. In this case you'd be second guessing as to when the gearbox might upshift.
Trying to leapfrog a slow moving car in traffic becomes an exciting event. You will have to stomp on the accelerator and force the gearbox to hold the revs up to the redline. If you don't, the gearbox has a knack of upshifting right in the middle of an overtake maneuver. The engine can pull nicely to higher revolutions (as we later tried with the manual mode) but the transmission (in Auto) just doesn't let it.
The Sports mode holds revs till about 3,000 rpm while cruising (about 1,000 revolutions higher than the City) and partially helps in traffic. But on the whole, it fails to make much of a difference. This Sports mode hits 6,000rpm when you floor the pedal, whereas the City mode cuts off at 5,000rpm.
Imperfect? Yes. Usable? Yes again.
The gearbox logic, the gearing, and the heavy kerb weight make life difficult for the Tigor in its AMT guise. However, there are two ways you can still make use of this automatic package. Firstly, if you give up your eagerness and adapt to the car's 'chilled out' style, it becomes a very comfortable drive. The shifts are smooth and there is a very little 'head nod' during upshifts. And though the upshifts are a little slow, the downshifts are quick and not jerky. While coming back from our test, we let the transmission dictate the pace and the drive became surprisingly comfortable. Driving like this got us efficiency numbers of 16.04kmpl inside the city and 22.04kmpl on the highway.
The second workaround is to use the Manual mode. As you would expect, you can upshift manually with a short push of the lever, but it still saves you from the hassle of repeated conventional clutch usage. It lets you pull the revs all the way to the redline (6,000rpm) and then shifts automatically to the next gear. The quick downshifts and the rev-happy engine help get a quick move on in traffic and in this mode, the car pulled a 0-100kmph time of 16.31 seconds.
It doesn't take long on our road conditions to realise that the Tiago's suspension is set up on the stiffer side. Going over bumps at slow speeds doesn't unsettle the cabin but a sharp pothole or short speedbreaker will be felt. Increase speeds and the feedback from the road becomes all the more aggressive, with undulations being felt inside. You will have to go slowly over bumps and broken roads to keep the occupants comfortable.
The steering feels light in the city and lets you easily cut through traffic. In fact, with this being automatic, you can really focus on the road and get through tight spaces without worrying about changing gears. But on the highways, the steering doesn't really weigh up much and you don't feel too connected to the road. The brakes engage after about half the pedal's travel, but once they do, the bite and feedback are good and gives confidence even under emergency conditions. In our test, the car came to rest from 100kmph in 46.36metres, while coming to a stop from 80kmph took 29.06metres, which is impressive.
After navigating through traffic and some highway roads, we finally hit some twisty roads. The ideal choice for this part of the test was the manual mode. This where the car's stiff suspension and the smooth revving nature come together to put a smile on your face. The engine does not have spikes of power which works to your advantage. You can push the car into corners confidently with the stiffer springs helping you come out on the other side tyres squealing. One thing you now notice is that the engine makes a very sweet note. It immediately made us mute the 8-speaker system and get the windows down. Also a neat feature, the tachometer needle turns red when you hit the limiter and that looks pretty damn cool.
Up till now I though the 'Sunburst Orange' was my favourite. But the moment I saw the red Tiago, it was fascination all over again. From the outside, it is Tata's, and arguably the segment's, best-looking hatchback. In the red and especially from the back, you can almost mistake it for a European hot hatch. The front grabs attention with the gloss-black grille which sweeps into the headlamps and the side proportions are just perfect. Overall, the Tiago is a stylish looking hatchback with a lot of visual appeal.
Can one differentiate the automatic from a manual from the outside? Well yes, but you will have to focus on the additional alphabet (A) on the boot's variant badging. The automatic is available with the top two variants. We had the top-end Tiago XZA which means the car had all the bells and whistles that Tata has to offer. In addition to the XTA, it gets LED indicators on the ORVM, alloy wheels(175/65 R14), front fog lamps, steering-mounted controls, rear wiper and defogger, and anti-lock brakes with EBD.
As soon as you get in, you are greeted by a dual-tone black-grey cabin which isn't trying to act premium or sophisticated. Though the plastics used are hard and noisy, the pattern and the colour make it not only palatable but neat looking as well. Fair warning, the plastics start to rattle on bad roads. The next thing you notice is the automatic transmission. The lever has a rubbery coating in the middle and the chunky unit is quite comfortable to hold and shift. Everything else is exactly the same as the standard Tiago top variant.
Ergonomically, the Tiago is pretty sorted. You get call, audio and voice command controls on the steering, one-touch-down driver's window, internally adjustable ORVMs and a manual AC, which make controlling these elements while driving fairly easy. More so, getting into a comfortable driving position is simple with height-adjustable driver seat and rake-adjustable steering. All other aspects of the Tiago are similar to the manual variant. You can check them out in our first drive review here.
The IRVM is a little small and you have to constantly refer to the ORVMs to get a clear idea of the traffic situation behind you. The other issue is with the dead pedal. With the clutch pedal now gone, your left foot will feel the need for a more generous dead pedal.
The dharma of an automatic transmission is to make daily city commutes hassle-free. The Tiago's AMT fulfils its duty but in an unyielding manner and dictates the way it should be driven, forcing you to adapt to its calm and composed style. If you can do that, the smooth shifts make it a breeze to drive. But if you are in a hurry, a simple flick will put it in manual mode and turn the lazy Tiago AMT into a fun to drive hatchback. The petrol engine, looks and features are indeed 'Fantastico' but things like the rattling plastics, stiff ride and the fact that you might end up driving in Manual mode after specifically buying an automatic, dampen the experience.
The Automatic XZA variant is priced at Rs 5.25 lakh (ex-showroom, Delhi). This means you will be paying about Rs 33,000 over the equivalent manual variant and that makes it seem like good value. So the Tiago's AMT box will cut out a lot of the stress in driving in bumper to bumper traffic, but the price is using some elbow grease. While there are better automatic options, it is the design, features and pricing that make the Tiago seem like the more appealing option. Question is, are you willing to work a bit for it?


Artist P C Smith avoids the usual flat rectangle as a plane for painting, drawing or photography, constructing objects with curving, intersecting, bi-cylindrical planes. This creates a more human-shaped, two-eyed picture plane, with a central seam of sudden re-vision. Even in early un-constructed work, he reacted against the seamless idealism of classical representation. Smith has been a New York City based artist for over 35 years. His work is primarily channeled through painting constructions, photo-constructions, and writing. Smith is currently working on a painting construction entitled "Drowned Feeling 3", inspired by the story of roughhousing and drowning by teens.


Made from a bag of tartan offcuts, this Macfarlane wreath will add a lovely touch of tartan to your door. Please be advised that it is made from 10oz wool fabric and is not suitable for outside doors. It has a poly-styrene base that has been covered with fabric squares on its front and a cardboard circle covered by winding lengths of remnants.


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Whicker: Paula Smith has a tough job, but UCI…
Whicker: Paula Smith has a tough job, but UCI athletic director says it's worth the wait
After nearly a year of interim duty, she became the A.D. last month
New UC Irvine athletic director Paula Smith. (Photo courtesy of UCI Athletics)
By Mark Whicker | mwhicker@scng.com | Daily News
IRVINE — On June 6, UC Irvine ended its "national search" for an athletic director.
A rational search would have provided the same outcome in far less time.
Paula Smith, the interim A.D. since Michael Izzi left UCI for CSUN 11 months earlier, dropped the adjective and got the job.
Smith thus joined 39 other women in charge of athletic departments, at the place where Linda Dempsay was the first in Division I, back in 1977.
She would laugh if you asked why she was overlooked.
"I played basketball and volleyball in high school, but I wasn't thinking of sports as part of my future experience," Smith said. "I was listed as five feet tall. Don't quote me on the actual number."
In her interim season, the Anteaters finished third in the Big West Conference Commissioner's Cup, to UC Santa Barbara and Cal State Fullerton. It was their best finish in five years.
She also supervised a new six-year contract for Russell Turner, whose men's basketball team got the first NCAA Tournament victory in program history.
"It's appealing to have an influence over the decision-making," Smith said. "As the No. 2 you're at the table, but now you have the opportunity to be intentional with those decisions."
New UC Irvine athletic director Paula Smith, front and center, poses with recent graduates. (Photo courtesy of UCI Athletics)
It's nice to hatch a dream. But Smith seems too rational for a job with such a lousy credit/criticism ratio.
The one advantage of being an A.D. is that you don't need to figure out wind direction. It confronts you on every shot.
You're dealing with administrators from above, coaches and athletes from below. If the academics fade, or if the police show up, or if a coach takes a player to the ATM, the A.D. is called out as well.
But when Clemson wins the national football championship, they talk about Dabo Swinney, not Dan Radakovich.
You are also raising funds, or thinking about raising funds, or lamenting that you're not raising funds.
A generation ago, the athletic director's spot was a place into which an old coach could parachute. Now the coaches and A.D.s are on wildly divergent tracks, united only when things go south and the boosters are writing go-away checks.
UC Irvine isn't that type of pressure cooker. But that is a problem, too.
The men's basketball team went 15-1 in the Big West Conference and drew 1,809 per game at the Bren Center. UCI students aren't there to paint faces and camp out for tickets. They are grinding. The surrounding city is the 14th largest in California but remains de-centralized, without a rallying point, and thus oblivious.
"It's a matter of engaging the student body and the community, deploying our coaches and athletes on campus," Smith said, acknowledging the solutions aren't obvious.
Smith's dad Major was a master sergeant in the Air Force, and her mom Helena worked in contracting on the various bases: Colorado, Mississippi, Illinois, three years in Germany, and finally Alamogordo, N.M.
"Sports was the universal language," she said. "As long as you played, you could build relationships."
She went to New Mexico State and worked in the athletic office, writing manuals, handling clerical stuff, and then received a grant to work in the PCAA, the predecessor to the Big West.
"She's like my little sister," said Dennis Farrell, the Big West commissioner. "She's very friendly and approachable but people have learned about her capacity to make tough calls."
Smith also worked for A.D. Stan Morrison at UC Riverside. Her fiery days were in the Big West compliance office, especially that day when a photo emerged of three UNLV players in a hot tub and on a backyard basketball court with noted gambler Richard "The Fixer" Perry.
"There were some heated conversations," Smith said. "Some of the compliance issues may seem black and white, and it's better to grant permission than forgiveness, but eventually you say, 'What do you want to do? Let's see how we can get to yes.' And sometimes you just can't. There were some tough-minded coaches. You have to look at them as partners."
Smith knows the hourly pressures on athletes. She said the UCI student-athlete advisory committee has promoted a 'Live Fit' program. Counselors now hold office hours in the athletic department, and "mindfulness training" is available.
"If you're on the meal plan here and you're going from class to practice so fast that you can't take advantage of it, maybe you set up box lunches," Smith said. "It's very regimented for these students. You can't put that in a 30-second commercial."
Unfortunately, the dilemmas of college sports aren't as simply-solved as UC Irvine's A.D. search should have been.
La Verne voters will be asked to OK a 0.75% sales tax measure in March
UC Irvine Sports
Mark Whicker
Mark Whicker has worked for SCNG newspapers since 1987. He has been a sports columnist for newspapers since 1980 and a professional sportswriter since 1974.
Follow Mark Whicker	@MWhicker03LANG
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Domain-Specific languages (DSL) are computer application codes that have been specified for use in a particular domain. It differs from the general-purpose languages in that the DSL is more in depth and is largely specific. HTML is an example of a Domain-specific language which is a language that is used for coding in web page development and creation. In this sense, HTML is used for a specific web page structure and this underlines the specified nature of the languages. The beauty about Domain-specific languages is the fact that it can be used for troubleshooting and it can bring about a sense of security for any web page or domain created.
The advantage of DSL is the fact that people can now have a language that can troubleshoot and eliminate problems within a domain. This normally works in the favor of the domain in that the domain is made to be a safe operating environment and an efficient one as such. The Domain-Specific Languages are often designed with a specific goal in mind which is normally reflective of the objective that a domain has and the mode of operation which the domain is tuned to have. Productivity and an easy maintenance are other aspects of the DSL that people can enjoy and this can be attributed to the fact that the quality of the languages is top class and validation is also at an advanced stage as opposed to the GPL.
The major disadvantages that people can experience with the DSL include the fact that it is expensive to have a designed Language that is specific to each domain that a firm may run. Maintaining all the domains and having the experts to do the same also proves to be a hassle since each DSL normally carries different set-ups and a varied orientation. The efficiency of the processor is also affected as the different codes may actually prompt a decline in the operational speed of the processor and its ability to disseminate information at the rate and professionalism that is required.


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May 16, 2017updated 30 Jul 2021 2:19pm
Andy Burnham is mayor of Greater Manchester – so what should his priorities be?
By Tom Arnold
What can Greater Manchester's new mayor do to re-energise its outer towns and boroughs?
Andy Burnham's victory in the city-region's first mayoral election was in part a result of his appeal to the 'Metrolink towns': places like Rochdale, Ashton and Eccles, that sit at the ends of Greater Manchester's transport network. He received more Constituency Labour Party nominations from outside Manchester and Salford than his party rivals Tony Lloyd and Ivan Lewis. And during the election campaign emphasised the need to spread the prosperity of Manchester's booming city centre to its outer towns.
Rhetorically at least, this marks a shift from the Manchester model of recent years, which has focused on driving investment, jobs and population into the urban core. There is increasing awareness that economic growth in the city centre has not 'spilled over' to many parts of the city region, despite improved connectivity.
Low pay and poor productivity, scourges of the UK economy since the 2008-09 recession, are evident in all ten Greater Manchester districts. But they're particularly prominent in the northern boroughs of Rochdale, Oldham and Wigan, and the idea of a more spatially inclusive economic model for Greater Manchester is gaining traction. Here are a few steps Mr Burnham could take to promote the outer reaches of our city-region.
Invest in Post-19 education
Unemployment in Greater Manchester, whilst above the national average, is not particularly high by historic standards. A bigger problem in many parts of the city-region is underemployment – residents in Oldham, Rochdale, Wigan, Bolton and Tameside are more likely to have jobs that are seasonal, temporary or part-time, and many have few prospects of progression.
Research shows the majority of those employed in sectors such as care, catering and retail have no or very few qualifications. The social and economic cost of people stuck in low-paid jobs, not fulfilling their potential, is significant. With the post-19 skills budget set to be fully devolved to Greater Manchester from 2018, the new mayor should provide more opportunities for adults to upskill, retrain and progress to more secure work.
Improve orbital transport links
Despite extensions to the Metrolink over recent years, a surprisingly high percentage of Greater Manchester journeys are still done by road – almost 50 per cent in total, with 41 per cent by car.
A key reason for the car's continuing dominance is the poor public transport links between local authority areas. Despite 48 per cent of commuting trips crossing council boundaries, the Metrolink is overly focused on bringing people into the city centre. Put simply, if you want to travel from Rochdale to Bury via Metrolink, you'll need to go into Victoria Station then back out again.
The de-regulation of buses since the 1980s has led to chaotic and disorganised networks across England. In Greater Manchester, commuters in Bolton, Wigan and Salford see services cut, whilst the Wilmslow Road corridor – dubbed Europe's busiest bus route – sees 60 buses an hour trundle down its narrow roads.
Using his newly devolved powers to re-regulate the bus network, the Mayor should prioritise links between M60 towns like Rochdale, Oldham and Bury. In the longer term, a Metrolink circle line running around the city-region would better reflect the jobs geography of Greater Manchester than the current city-centric network.
Develop a mix of new housing
The emerging Greater Manchester Spatial Framework (GMSF), a new and comprehensive plan to guide development across the city-region, proved controversial during the election campaign. The GMSF includes proposals to develop new housing on parts of the Green Belt, particularly in Stockport and Rochdale, and is opposed by well-organised local resident groups. Some candidates, including the Liberal Democrats' Jane Brophy, pledged to scrap the plan, whilst Mr Burnham called for a "radical rewrite".
The reality is that Greater Manchester needs to build at least 11,000 new homes a year to keep up with a rising population, and there aren't enough brownfield sites alone to meet this need. City centre apartments will meet some of the demand, but there is a desperate need for more homes for families and first-time buyers in the places people most want to live.
That means building out, as well as up. Mr Burnham should resist the urge to cave in to political pressure, and embrace the GMSF as the best option to solve Greater Manchester's looming housing shortage.
Re-energise the high street
Many town centres still haven't recovered from the last recession. With dearly-loved brands like Woolworths and BHS departing, high streets are increasingly reliant on bargain stores and charity shops to drive footfall, and the retail-led regeneration which transformed many British towns through the 1990s and 2000s looks unlikely to be replicated.
The success of Altrincham's Market Hall shows what can be achieved by a different model of regeneration. A decade ago, the town had rising levels of high street vacancies and was struggling to compete with the nearby Trafford Centre. Now, thanks to a dedicated team of local business leaders and backing from the local council, the Market Hall hosts local traders, street food and craft stalls, drawing in customers from across South Manchester.
Replicating Altrincham's strategy won't be possible for all towns – its position near some of Cheshire's most affluent towns gives it a distinct advantage – but the mayor should use his leverage to support local initiatives that improve town centre footfall, like Rochdale's efforts to attract more small businesses.
Last year's EU Referendum laid bare the stark divide between the gleaming towers, professional jobs and street food markets of England's largest city centres, and the smaller towns which surround them. In few places is this cleavage more apparent than Greater Manchester, where the jobs-heavy districts of Manchester, Stockport and Trafford had majority Remain votes, whilst the other seven boroughs voted to Leave.
Bridging these 'Two Englands' is a task not only for Westminster, but for our regional politicians. For Greater Manchester's new mayor, Brexit should be a warning of what happens when the margins feel marginalised.
Tom Arnold is a PhD researcher at the University of Manchester's School of Planning & Environmental Management. His research assesses the application of economic geography and territorial governance models in Northern England. This article previously appeared on the Manchester Policy Blog.
Topics in this article : Devolution , Mayors
Tom Arnold


These volumes are the first to be published by the History of Parliament Trust covering the House of Lords. With their publication, complementing the History's previously published work on The House of Commons, 1660-1690 (edited by Basil Henning, 1983), and The House of Commons, 1690-1715 (edited by Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley and David Hayton, 2002), we have a more complete and detailed picture of the personnel and work of Parliament in the late Stuart period than ever before. These volumes will make it possible to explore remarkably closely not only the operation of the political world of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, but also its social, economic and cultural contexts.
The period is one of the most important in the history of the House of Lords. Over the half century or more after 1660, the Lords was the stage on which some of the critical confrontations in English and British constitutional and political history were played out. These volumes show how the peers as politicians engaged with and sought to influence the central issues of the day: the constitutional position of the Church of England and the (ultimately) doomed attempt to maintain a confessional state; the implications of the succession to the throne of the Catholic prince James, duke of York, as James II; what is sometimes viewed as the coup of Prince William of Orange and his accession in partnership with his wife Mary (eldest daughter of James II) as William III and Mary II, and its consequences in changing the theory and practice of the English monarchy; the enormous commitment to almost permanent continental war from 1689 to 1713; the relationship with Scotland, and the Union agreed in 1707; and the question of maintaining a Protestant succession after the death of the last Protestant Stuart heir, Queen Anne. They display a peerage obsessed with their longstanding legislative and judicial powers as a House, and deeply concerned to protect the position of the House of Lords against what they regarded as the encroachment of the Commons. They expose the way in which key families in the period used their political, financial and social power to maintain (or sometimes squander) their position and influence, and how they were active in devising new schemes – successful and unsuccessful – to increase their wealth and 'interest'. They show the peers to have been influential as local grandees, to whom local society looked for leadership and protection. They demonstrate the determination with which members of an elite intensely conscious of their status defended their honour, privilege and wealth against commoners, against Irish and Scottish peers and each other. They show, remarkably, a handful of peers (often not the most obvious ones) dedicated to ensuring the effective operation of the House of Lords.
The biographies also of course include the bishops, who were restored to the House of Lords in 1661 after their removal as a result of the act of the Long Parliament passed in early 1642. Collectively, they provide a portrait of an episcopate under pressure. They suffered alternately from political interference and neglect, were made up of men who ranged from the saintly to the scandalous, and were certainly, like the temporal lords, not above using their positions to further their own interests, and those of their families. And finally, they include the first cohorts of peers returned to the House of Lords through the elections held in Scotland for representatives of the Scottish peerage after the Treaty and Acts of Union provided for the introduction of Scots representatives into both Houses of the Westminster Parliament. The Scots brought to the House a new element, adding a vital new dimension to the competition of the parties and factions within it.
This is the first of a series of projects which is planned on the House of Lords in the period 1660-1832. The website is currently being redeveloped, but once that is complete we hope to make these initial volumes available online. Two volumes are planned to cover the rules of membership, the operation, procedures and business of the House of Lords. Production of biographies on the period 1715-90 is now underway.


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Home / Bible Commentaries / Adam Clarke Commentary/ 2 Corinthians
Adam Clarke Commentary
The apostle's inference from the preceding exhortation, 2 Corinthians 7:1. He presses them to receive him with affection, because of his great love towards them, 2 Corinthians 7:2-4. He tells them what distress he felt on their account in Macedonia, till he had met with Titus, and heard of their prosperity, 2 Corinthians 7:6-7. He rejoices that his first epistle was made the means of their reformation, 2 Corinthians 7:8, 2 Corinthians 7:9. States how they were affected by his letter, and the process of their reformation, 2 Corinthians 7:10, 2 Corinthians 7:11. Shows why he had written to them, 2 Corinthians 7:12. Rejoices that his boasting of them to Titus is found to be a truth; and takes occasion to mention the great affection of Titus for them, and his own confidence in them, 2 Corinthians 7:13-16.
Having therefore these promises - The promises mentioned in the three last verses of the preceding chapter, to which this verse should certainly be joined.
Let us cleanse ourselves - Let us apply to him for the requisite grace of purification; and avoid every thing in spirit and practice which is opposite to the doctrine of God, and which has a tendency to pollute the soul.
Filthiness of the flesh - The apostle undoubtedly means, drunkenness, fornication, adultery, and all such sins as are done immediately against the body; and by filthiness of the spirit, all impure desires, unholy thoughts, and polluting imaginations. If we avoid and abhor evil inclinations, and turn away our eyes from beholding vanity, incentives to evil being thus lessened, (for the eye affects the heart), there will be the less danger of our falling into outward sin. And if we avoid all outward occasions of sinning, evil propensities will certainly be lessened. All this is our work under the common aids of the grace of God. We may turn away our eyes and ears from evil, or we may indulge both in what will infallibly beget evil desires and tempers in the soul; and under the same influence we may avoid every act of iniquity; for even Satan himself cannot, by any power he has, constrain us to commit uncleanness, robbery, drunkenness, murder, etc. These are things in which both body and soul must consent. But still withholding the eye, the ear, the hand, and the body in general, from sights, reports, and acts of evil, will not purify a fallen spirit; it is the grace and Spirit of Christ alone, powerfully applied for this very purpose, that can purify the conscience and the heart from all dead works. But if we do not withhold the food by which the man of sin is nourished and supported, we cannot expect God to purify our hearts. While we are striving against sin, we may expect the Spirit of God to purify us by his inspiration from all unrighteousness, that we may perfectly love and magnify our Maker. How can those expect God to purify their hearts who are continually indulging their eyes, ears, and hands in what is forbidden, and in what tends to increase and bring into action all the evil propensities of the soul?
Perfecting holiness - Getting the whole mind of Christ brought into the soul. This is the grand object of a genuine Christian's pursuit. The means of accomplishing this are,
Resisting and avoiding sin, in all its inviting and seducing forms.
2. Setting the fear of God before our eyes, that we may dread his displeasure, and abhor whatever might excite it, and whatever might provoke him to withhold his manna from our mouth. We see, therefore, that there is a strong and orthodox sense in which we may cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and of the spirit, and thus perfect holiness in the fear of God.
Receive us - Χωρησατε ἡμας . This address is variously understood. Receive us into your affections - love us as we love you. Receive us as your apostles and teachers; we have given you full proof that God hath both sent and owned us. Receive, comprehend, what we now say to you, and carefully mark it.
We have wronged no man - We have never acted contrary to the strictest justice.
We have corrupted no man - With any false doctrine or pernicious opinion.
We have defrauded no man - Of any part of his property. But what have your false teachers done? They have beguiled you from the simplicity of the truth, and thus corrupted your minds. 2 Corinthians 11:3. They have brought you into bondage; they have taken of you; devoured you; exalted themselves against you, and ye have patiently suffered all this. 2 Corinthians 11:20. It is plain that he refers here to the false apostle or teacher which they had among them.
I speak not this to condemn you - I do not speak to reproach but to correct you. I wish you to open your eyes and see how you are corrupted, spoiled, and impoverished by those whom ye have incautiously preferred to the true apostles of Jesus Christ.
I have said before, that ye are in our hearts - He has in effect and substance said this, 2 Corinthians 1:6-8; (note); 2 Corinthians 2:4; (note), 2 Corinthians 2:12; (note); 2 Corinthians 3:2; (note), and 2 Corinthians 3:13; (note); where see the passages at length, and the notes.
To die and live with you - An expression which points out the strongest affection, as in cases where love blinds us to the faults of those whom we love, and causes us to prefer them to all others; like that in Horace: -
Quanquam sidere pulchrior
llle est, tu levior cortice, et improbo
Iracundior Adria.
Tecum vivere amem, tecum obeam tibens.
Odar. lib. iii. Od. ix. ver. 21.
"Though he exceed in beauty far
The rising lustre of a star;
Though light as cork thy fancy strays,
Thy passions wild as angry seas
When vex'd with storms; yet gladly I
With thee would live, with thee would die."
Francis.
From all appearance there never was a Church less worthy of an apostle's affections than this Church was at this time; and yet no one ever more beloved. The above quotation applies to this case in full force.
Great is my boldness of speech - He seems to refer to the manner in which he spoke of them to others.
Great is my glorying of you - They had probably been very loving and affectionate previously to the time in which they were perverted by their false apostle. He therefore had boasted of them in all the Churches.
I am filled with comfort - My affection for you has still the most powerful ascendancy in my soul. Here we may see the affection of the most tender father to his children.
I am exceeding joyful - Ὑπερπερισσευομαι· I superabound in joy; I have a joy beyond expression. Ὑπερπερισσευω is an extremely rare verb. I have not met with it in any Greek author; and it occurs no where in the New Testament but here and in Romans 5:20.
In all our tribulation - Perhaps επι here should be rendered under instead of in, as it signifies, Mark 2:26; Luke 3:2; Acts 11:28. Under all our tribulations, I feel inexpressible joy on your account.
When we were come into Macedonia - St. Paul, having left Ephesus, came to Troas, where he stopped some time; afterwards he came to Macedonia, whence he wrote this epistle,
Our flesh had no rest - So exceedingly anxious was he to know the success of his first epistle to them.
Without were fightings - The oppositions of pagans, Jews, and false brethren.
Within were fears - Uncertain conjectures relative to the success of his epistle; fears lest the severity of it should alienate their affections utterly from him; fears lest the party of the incestuous person should have prevailed; fears lest the teaching of the false apostle should have perverted their minds from the simplicity of the truth; all was uncertainty, all apprehension; and the Spirit of God did not think proper to remove the causes of these apprehensions in any extraordinary way.
Comforted us by the coming of Titus - Who brought him a most satisfactory account of the success of his epistle, and the good state of the Corinthian Church.
He told us your earnest desire - To see me, and correct what was amiss among yourselves.
Your mourning - Because you had sinned.
Your fervent mind - The zeal you felt to testify your affectionate regard for me.
I do not repent, though I did repent - Though I had many doubts in my mind concerning the success of my letter; and though I grieved that I was obliged to write with so much severity, the case absolutely requiring it; yet now I am not sorry that I have written that letter, because I find it has completely answered the end for which it was sent.
Ye sorrowed to repentance - Ye had such a sorrow as produced a complete change of mind and conduct. We see that a man may sorrow, and yet not repent.
Made sorry after a godly manner - It was not a sorrow because ye were found out, and thus solemnly reprehended, but a sorrow because ye had sinned against God, and which consideration caused you to grieve more than the apprehension of any punishment.
Damage by us in nothing - Your repentance prevented that exercise of my apostolic duty, which would have consigned your bodies to destruction, that your souls might be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.
For godly sorrow - That which has the breach of God's holy law for its object.
Worketh repentance - A thorough change of mind unto salvation, because the person who feels it cannot rest till he finds pardon through the mercy of God.
But the sorrow of the world worketh death - Sorrow for lost goods, lost friends, death of relatives, etc., when it is poignant and deep, produces diseases, increases those that already exist, and often leads men to lay desperate hands on themselves. This sorrow leads to destruction, the other leads to salvation; the one leads to heaven, the other to hell.
What carefulness it wrought in you - Carefulness of obeying my directions, 2 Corinthians 7:15; yea, what clearing of yourselves from guilt by inflicting censures on the guilty person, and putting away evil from among you, 1 Corinthians 5:13; yea, what indignation against him who had dishonored his profession, and defiled the Church; yea, what fear of my displeasure, and the rod which I threatened, 1 Corinthians 4:21; yea, what vehement desire to rectify what was amiss in this matter, 2 Corinthians 7:7; yea, what zeal for me; yea, what revenge in punishing the delinquent. See Whitby.
In all things, etc. - In the whole of your conduct in this affair since ye have received my letter, ye have approved yourselves to be clear, ἁγνους ; not only to be clear of contumacy and obstinate persistence in your former conduct, but to have done all in the compass of your power to rectify the abuses which had crept in among you. The Corinthians were not clear, i.e. innocent or void of blame in the fact, but they were clear of all blame in their endeavors to remove the evil.
Not for his cause that had done the wrong - viz. the incestuous person.
Nor for his cause that suffered wrong - Some think the apostle means himself; others, that he means the Church at Corinth, the singular being put for the plural; others, the family of the incestuous person; and others, the father of the incestuous person. If this latter opinion be adopted, it would seem to intimate that the father of this person was yet alive, which would make the transgression more flagrant; but these words might be spoken in reference to the father, if dead, whose cause should be vindicated; as his injured honor might be considered, like Abel's blood, to be crying from the earth.
But that our care for you - might appear - It was not to get the delinquent punished, nor merely to do justice to those who had suffered in this business, that the apostle wrote his epistle to them, but that they might have the fullest proof of his fatherly affection for them, and his concern for the honor of God; and that they might thereby see how unnatural their opposition to him was, and what cause they had to prefer him, who was ready to give up his life in their service, to that false apostle or teacher who was corrupting their minds, leading them from the simplicity of the truth, and making a gain of them.
For the joy of Titus - Titus, who had now met St. Paul in Macedonia, gave him the most flattering accounts of the improved state of the Corinthian Church; and indeed their kind usage of Titus was a full proof of their affection for St. Paul.
For if I have boasted - The apostle had given Titus a very high character of this Church, and of their attachment to himself; and doubtless this was the case previously to the evil teacher getting among them, who had succeeded in changing their conduct, and changing in a great measure their character also; but now they return to themselves, resume their lost ground, so that the good character which the apostle gave them before, and which they had for a time forfeited, is now as applicable to them as ever. Therefore his boasting of them is still found a truth.
And his inward affection - Τα σπλαγχνα αυτου· Those bowels of his - his most tender affection. For the meaning of this word see the note on Matthew 9:36.
Whilst he remembereth the obedience of you all - This is a very natural picture; he represents Titus as overjoyed even while he is delivering his account of the Corinthian Church. He expatiated on it with extreme delight, and thereby showed at once both his love for St. Paul and his love for them. He loved them because they so loved the apostle; and he loved them because they had shown such kindness to himself; and he loved them because he found so many excellent and rare gifts, joined to so much humility, producing such an exemplary and holy life.
With fear and trembling ye received him - Ye reverenced his authority; ye were obedient to his directions; and ye dreaded lest any thing should be undone or ill done which he had delivered to you in the name of God.
I have confidence in you, in all things - It appears that the apostle was now fully persuaded, from the accounts given by Titus, that every scandal had been put away from this Church; that the faction which had long distracted and divided them was nearly broken; that all was on the eve of being restored to its primitive purity and excellence; and that their character was now so firmly fixed, that there was no reason to apprehend that they should be again tossed to and fro with every wind of doctrine.
Thus a happy termination was put to an affair that seemed likely to ruin the Christian Church, not only at Corinth, but through all Greece; for, if this bad man, who had been chief in opposing the apostle's authority, bringing in licentious doctrines, and denying the resurrection of the dead, had ultimately succeeded at Corinth, his doctrine and influence might soon have extended over Greece and Asia Minor, and the great work of God which had been wrought in those parts would have been totally destroyed. This one consideration is sufficient to account for the apostle's great anxiety and distress on account of the divisions and heresies at Corinth. He knew it was a most pernicious leaven; and, unless destroyed, must destroy the work of God. The loss of the affections of the Church at Corinth, however much it might affect the tender, fatherly heart of the apostle, cannot account for the awful apprehensions, poignant distress, and deep anguish, which he, in different parts of these epistles, so feelingly describes; and which he describes as having been invariably his portion from the time that he heard of their perversion, till he was assured of their restoration by the account brought by Titus.
A scandal or heresy in the Church of God is ruinous at all times, but particularly so when the cause is in its infancy; and therefore the messengers of God cannot be too careful to lay the foundation well in doctrine, to establish the strictest discipline, and to be very cautious whom they admit and accredit as members of the Church of Christ. It is certain that the door should be opened wide to admit penitent sinners; but the watchman should ever stand by, to see that no improper person enter in. Christian prudence should ever be connected with Christian zeal. It is a great work to bring sinners to Christ; it is a greater work to preserve them in the faith; and it requires much grace and much wisdom to keep the Church of Christ pure, not only by not permitting the unholy to enter, but by casting out those who apostatize or work iniquity. Slackness in discipline generally precedes corruption of doctrine; the former generating the latter.
Clarke, Adam. "Commentary on 2 Corinthians 7:4". "The Adam Clarke Commentary". http://odl.studylight.org/commentaries/acc/2-corinthians-7.html. 1832.


This article shows how to solve a seemingly tough C++ hierarchy problem with some simple ideas using templates. In short, we will discover the need for functions which consume and return types (obviously such functions only matter at compile time), and see how such functions can be implemented. Basically, the very basics of type level programming.
Using basic type-level programming to add templates to only some classes.
Calling C from Haskell is easy. Calling Golang from C is easy too. Then why should calling Golang from Haskell be tough? Yet, I could not find a single document / blog on this topic. While doing this, I also explored the possibility domain of library linking in Haskell.
How does an EFI installation work?
About one and a half years later, I finally thought it is time to reinstall Windows for completeness sake (don't judge me please). Little did I know that I would be opening a pandora's box.
Now that I'm back from the US, the extravaganza that is Google, reminiscing back to those days has made me finally decide to pen down my experience in the Cloud city, working on Cloud.
I learnt a couple of nice scheduling algorithms in my Operating Systems class last semester. They seemed like an interesting bunch, but it was not generally clear whether their performance would be good.
Too lazy to learn to use the awesome cmus, and living on an (very regrettably) extremely unorganized music library since I came to IIT Kanpur, yeah that's me these days when it comes to music. Without the likes of Spotify in India, I've been living on YouTube since more than 2 years, when I used to have a fully organized music library back in my school days.
Update: The new article with the latest algorithm is here on my blog. Do read that article as a follow up!
After a really late start to my undergraduate project (UGP) this semester, I finally started working on something we call moVi.
Finally put them to the test!
Gentoo, 8 months and on.
The roads still diverge in the woods..


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