text:
2018: The year the Church's crisis was unmasked
As 2018 turns into 2019, we are at the beginning of a generational struggle for the soul of the Church.
December 31, 2018 Christopher R. Altieri Analysis, Features 18 Print
Pope Francis leads his Christmas message and blessing "urbi et orbi" (to the city and the world) delivered from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican Dec. 25. (CNS photo/Vatican Media)
Whatever else 2018 was, it was the year in which the crisis of clerical sexual abuse and coverup revealed itself to be a cancer within the leadership culture of the Catholic Church. Protracted, persistent, and systemic, the rot in the hierarchy reaches all the way up, and could reach all the way through the Roman Curia and more than one national conference of bishops.
The first major event of the year was also the one during which the global crisis of clerical sex abuse and coverup became permanently attached to Pope Francis.
While on a fence-mending visit to Chile—the first stop on a trip that would have its Peruvian leg almost completely overshadowed by the Chilean fallout—Pope Francis accused victims of the man who was then Chile's most notorious abuser-priest (Pope Francis would defrock him in September) of calumny against Bishop Juan Barros of Osorno. The victims—Juan Carlos Cruz, James Hamilton, and José Andres Murillo—said Barros turned a blind eye to the predations of Father Fernando Karadima.
Francis eventually apologized, ordered an investigation into the matter, summoned the entire Chilean hierarchy to Rome for an unprecedented emergency meeting, obtained their resignations, and then sat on the lion's share of them (he has accepted seven of thirty-four resignations, and dismissed two retired Chilean bishops from the clerical state), while Chilean prosecutors began raiding chanceries and offices of the Chilean bishops' conference.
There were hopes that what appeared to be a genuine falling of the scales and change of heart on the part of the Holy Father—who reportedly said he was "part of the problem" when he met with Karadima's victims in May—would lead to concrete and sustained efforts to address the crisis. Instead, there was a good deal more talk, and very little action.
As spring turned into summer, l'Affaire McCarrick exploded, opening a gruesome new chapter in the crisis that would dwarf anything that's touched the Church in the age of modern communication.
By August, it was clear that the hierarchical leadership of the Church in the United States was thoroughly compromised, panicked, and almost totally paralyzed. The release of the Pennsylvania Grand Jury Report proved beyond doubt that the US bishops' Apalachin moment had arrived.
That was before the former apostolic nuncio to the United States, Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, released the first of his "testimonies": a spectacular, 11-page J'Accuse! that deepened existing divisions and opened new rifts in the hierarchy, the professional Catholic chattering class, and the body of the faithful in the US and around the world.
If Viganò had limited himself to exposing the rot, his publications might have been more effective. His original brief was powerful, and could have been stronger, but lacked a measure of discipline. As it happened, he called for Pope Francis' resignation, exposing himself to accusations he is part of a coup d'eglise and turning the discussion away from the right means of remedy for a situation that had become untenable, and transforming it into a referendum on Pope Francis—who has his share of the blame for letting things come to that.
As summer gave way to autumn, unforced errors committed by Church leaders at every level continued to pile up, while the crisis deepened and the scandal intensified. Stories broke in other countries, until every inhabited continent was dealing with some part of it. In September, Pope Francis called a meeting of the heads of the world's bishops' conferences to discuss the crisis—to take place over three days in February 2019.
The misrule revealed in Buffalo dominated Church news in the United States for a few weeks, but largely gave way to the run-up to the US Conference of Catholic Bishops' annual fall plenary in Baltimore. Prepared to vote on reform measures designed to achieve a measure of accountability and stanch the hemorrhage of public confidence, the bishops found themselves hamstrung by an order from Pope Francis—couched as a "request" from the Congregation for Bishops—to delay their vote until after the February meeting.
As autumn turned to winter, a series of stories broke, while others took ugly—if predictable—turns. A rehearsal of them all would run to significant length and quickly become a grotesque litany, though it would include the Vatican's campaign to lower expectations for the February meeting after it raised the stakes on the same exponentially. It would also include the news that the Vatican allowed an auxiliary bishop of Los Angeles accused of sexual misconduct to continue to serve—with restrictions on his ministry secretly imposed by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith—for 13 years, and that the archbishop of New York apparently allowed a man with multiple abuse allegations settled on his account by the New York Archdiocesan Reconciliation and Compensation Program to continue in ministry (and even sent a letter of suitability for the priest to a California Catholic college as recently as December 4).
The main reason we do not know how deep the rot runs or how wide it has spread, is the Pope's refusal to order the necessary investigations. At the turning of the year, civil authorities in several countries are poised to solve that problem in a way that cannot fail to devastate the Church's institutions.
For Pope Francis, whose oft-delayed and much belated reform agenda was already on the rocks, 2018 was going to be a critical year:
2018 is likely to be the year in which Pope Francis will have to decide whether he will use his immense talents, charisma, and strength of personality to harness and direct the energies of the Curia and the Church in a manner consistent with the best angels of her tradition, or whether he will continue to channel his efforts into a project that appears to have as its only overarching vision the remaking of Rome into a sort of Buenos Aires-on-Tiber.
In a sense, Pope Francis never got to make that decision. Circumstance decided it for him, with the effective disintegration of his principal reform organ, the "C9" Council of Cardinal Advisers, which became the "C6" in October after Francis relieved three members and apparently chose not to replace them.
To hear the Vatican tell it, the work of the C9 C6 is essentially complete—their draft Apostolic Constitution, Praedicate evangelium, was apparently ready for Pope Francis in June—so there is no need for fresh blood. Practically speaking, the reform is dead in the water.
Even if Francis does mark up the draft and send it for fine tuning, then get the fine copy back, promulgate it, and begin to roll it out, the reform will take years to implement. Bureaucracies are resistant to change, and the Roman Curia is well practiced in the Fabian arts. Plus, institutional reforms are nothing without personnel changes, and there are too many curial officials with too much skin in the game to go quietly.
Two of the three members Pope Francis "thanked for their service"—Cardinals Francisco Errázuriz and George Pell—are embroiled in major sex abuse and coverup scandals in their home countries. Francis dismissed the three senior churchmen in October, but only announced the change in December, after the embattled Cardinal Errázuriz let slip that he was no longer serving on the body. In a year characterized by a widening credibility gap, in which transparency has been declared the order of the day, the delay in the announcement was perplexing, to say the least.
That Cardinal Errázuriz stayed as long as he did was surprising on its own. He skipped the meeting of the Chilean bishops in May, already under intense scrutiny and facing heavy criticism that included calls for his imprisonment from Chilean victims of the man for whom Errázuriz allegedly covered. Francis promised those victims and the whole Church a hard line, but in Errázuriz's case went with a half-measure.
The scandal and the crisis. The crisis and the scandal.
The two are no longer separable, but they are distinguishable: the crisis is of very long standing, rooted in the mysterium iniquitatis, and at its most basic level a disease of the spirit, a sickness caused by lust for power, which perverts everything it reaches even as it make use of every perversion it encounters on the march through souls; the scandal is an effect, rather than a cause of the crisis, and may yet be harnessed to the good.
"The crisis of clerical sexual abuse [and coverup] is a crisis of clerical culture, and more specifically, a crisis of episcopal leadership," I wrote in July:
The bishops have lost their way, and they have brought the whole Church with them into a quagmire. The only way out is through, and the only way through the filthy muck and slime of half-truth more devilish than outright mendacity, is veracity. The bishops—all of them and every one of them—must tell the whole, unvarnished truth.
All throughout the year, we have learned details of specific abuse cases, which the bishops kept hidden as long as they could. Some of the details regarded run-of-the-mill perversion. Other details bore the unmistakable mark of the Satanic. Others were in between. All of them were sickening—overwhelming at times, and permanently scarring to anyone who has become familiar with them—truly and in the strict sense of the word, wretched.
As 2018 turns into 2019, we realize that we are at the beginning of a generational struggle for the soul of the Church. Institutional reforms are needed at every level of ecclesial life. Likewise necessary is a renewal of basic Christian devotion to both charity and piety.
There are more sickening, maddening, heartbreaking revelations to come. Individual bishops from whom we hope and deserve better will disappoint. The hierarchy will fail us again. This is going to get worse before it gets better. We need to be prepared for that. We also need not to lose sight of the good.
It seems paradoxical, but in spiritual warfare, the tiniest act of charity is a greater blow to hell than the most sweeping reform, and the surrender of the tiniest smidgen of bitterness in one human soul a mightier victory for heaven than a thousand searching exposés.
Exposure of rot and sweeping reform are both necessary and urgent, and we all have a part to play in both. Nevertheless, the work of the Christian in fear and trembling for his soul's salvation is the first and perennial task, before which all must give way. It is work that requires community, though its working is often secret, even and especially to the one in which it is worked, and the principal worker is Christ. The real challenge in 2019 will be to keep Paul's charge: "Rejoice always, pray without ceasing, give thanks in all circumstances."
The opinions expressed in this essay are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the CWR editors or of Ignatius Press.
Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò
Chilean bishops
clerical sexual abuse
Pennsylvania Grand Jury Report
Theodore McCarrick
About Christopher R. Altieri 114 Articles
Christopher R. Altieri is Rome Bureau Chief for The Catholic Herald. He spent more than a dozen years on the news desk at Vatican Radio. He holds the PhD from the Pontifical Gregorian University, and is the author of The Soul of a Nation: America as a Tradition of Inquiry and Nationhood.
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Johann du Toit
With due respect to Christopher Altieri, I disagree that it was improper on the part of Archbishop Vigano to call for the resignation of Pope Francis. The idea that Viganos' accusations (which have been confirmed to be substantially true) are an attempted "coup" and part of a plot to deligitimize the Pope is ludicrous, because if it is indeed true that Pope Francis not only rehabilitated McCarrick (which he did), but allowed him to play an important role in Church governance, then the Pope, with due respect, only has himself to blame for discrediting himself in the eyes of the faithful.
We have a duty, as St. Catherine of Siena did, to ask the Holy Father to do the right thing, to fulfill his oath to be a shepherd and lead us out of this crisis, or if he cannot or will not do so, to step aside for another Vicar of Christ who will. If the Pope continues to refuse to do the former, then the laity will conclude that the latter is the only viable option for the good of the Church.
To add on, I thought it was also odd to lament that the constitution being drafted by the C9 is dead in the water: nothing with input from Reinhard Marx ought to be a guiding document for the Church. I shudder to think what that den of nesr heretics would have produced.
I will pray more frequently and post less frequently in 2019.
As the author implies, it's likely we ain't seen nothin' yet.
But our priest has begun to say the prayer to St Michael, the Last Gospel, on Sunday.
This is not a good read for someone suffering a hangover. Fortunately I'm not since I no longer celebrate Pagan holidays. Unfortunately Altieri's depressingly accurate assessment tells us Paganism is increasingly manifest in our Church not by crashing thru the gates but rather from within. I keep reading "glimmers of hope" Altieri still grasping that necessary virtue. "It seems paradoxical, but in spiritual warfare, the tiniest act of charity is a greater blow to hell than the most sweeping reform". We need both. Charity, jettisoning bitterness avoiding insult toward the Pontiff can work miracles. The Pontiff's words of resolve so far have merely advanced his agenda. Although the author's counsel has eminent support. "I promise you that by this means her beauty will be restored to her, not by knife or by cruelty, but peacefully, by humble and continued prayer, by sweat and tears shed by the fiery desire of My servants, and thus I will fulfill your desire if you, on your part endure much casting the light of your patience into the Darkness" (The Dialogue of the Seraphic Virgin Catherine of Siena, no 34 edited by Algar Thorold London: Kegan Paul 1907).
Dear Father, you have entered a realm of labels, (Pagans)… them against us. Could be stretched to include our disastrous and divisive national politics with so many names are used. Horse face, fat ass slob, Pocahontas, rat, brain dead, low life, sh** hole African countries, etc.
How do you define a Pagan? Are Pagans and atheists the same? You do not list the Pagan celebrations you object to. I don't recall seeing a Pagan parade. More importantly, how does an evangelical Catholic attempt the conversion of a Pagan. Depending on your definition it might be an impossible task.
Morgan the Christian Holy Days were instituted to replace Pagan worship such as Ostara the goddess of Spring with Easter. Paganism refers to religion that predated Christianity and now typically non Christian animist religions [or religion other than the three monotheistic] as I experienced in Africa. New Years day marks the Beginning of the year in the Gregorian calendar. It's become the custom to noisily celebrate, get drunk, an excuse to fall into sin. It's similar to worship of the Golden Calf by the Israelites as pretext to engage in orgiastic celebration. And it also may simply be a more benign time to celebrate with family and friends without the empty euphoria and excess. My mission as a priest is to counter such pretext by witness to Christ. You take issue with Catholicism as you perceive it. I recall your mentioning a related grievance. My counsel is ask Christ honestly and with humility to assist. You have my prayers.
I couldn't agree with you more, Father Morello. I spent my New Year's eve with the Blessed Mother in a vigil, with our pastor and the faithful.
I prefer Fauxchahontas.
And there is nothing wrong with a label as long as it is accurate.
Insofar as Paganism within the Church the reference is to reversion to immoral practice that predated Christianity. For example the classic Gk idea of sex between men as a more noble expression. This is occurring today in Italy. The past controversial Vatican creche is a manifestation.
A good summary of a heartbreaking year. But let's not use cutesy/effette terms like "l'Affaire McCarrick". The McCarrick revelations are disgusting and shocking. This is not a time to be clever. For far too long people in the Church have obscured the reality of the situation with glib language. Please don't start with McCarrick.
Chris in Maryland
We should continue presevering in prayer and fasting, per the counsel of The Lord Jesus – that some spirits (in our case the spirit that obsesses Ex-Cardinal McCarrick etc) can only be driven out by prayer and fasting.
Blessed Mary, St. Michael the Archangel, blessed John the Baptist, Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, and all the saints, pray for our Holy Church.
Let's all pray for the bishops as they gather for a week-long retreat starting today, Jan.2. I pray that the bishops will be led by the Holy Spirit and listen to Him.
Bernard M. McK. Collins
I scanned this 'old news' article twice to find even a single word about the major issue – Sodomy or Homosexuality. The term 'child sexual abuse' abuse has morphed into 'sexual abuse' and I assume Altieri means to cutely subsume Sodomy into it, but it is nothing but an evasion. C'mon now! Let's all say it out loud: SODOMY. Lay or clerical, it's the same thing. That's the root problem that needs solving – now. We can't just wait a generation or two for a newly hoped for crop of seminarians/priests. The Faith – Our Blessed Lord – is suffering from this now!!!
Kathleen 2
Really it is a lack of the virtue of chastity all the way around. So many in the Church do not support the truth of the teachings on human sexuality.
Yes, Kathleen lay and clerical. Generous families and the virtue of continence do not derive from the tools of child avoidance
Bill Starr
Yes, SODOMY, PERVERSION, DISGUSTING DEGRADATION and just plain QUEER, even when people of the cloth do it. Especially when they do it. For a man to lay with a man as with a woman is an abomination because it violates the highest laws of nature and God — "Go forth and multiply." People who dismiss same-sex coupling as innocent "Gay" behavior should be forced to watch it.
David F. Pierre, Jr.
From the article: "The release of the Pennsylvania Grand Jury Report proved beyond doubt that the US bishops' Apalachin moment had arrived."
I'm sorry, but this above statement could not be more ill-informed.
The *real* story behind the PA GJ report is how *corrupt* and *dishonest* the whole report was. PA AG Josh Shapiro outright *lied* and deceived the public.
And the Catholic media utterly failed in its duty to uphold truth and defend the Church against this demonic and crooked attack.
Catholic media has become cowardly in reporting the Church abuse narrative. Writers are utterly frightened of defending the Church, lest they be attacked on Twitter or some dopey blog for being "out of touch," "in denial," or "defending the indefensible."
And Satan is somewhere laughing his rear end off at all the back-biting and all the mean-spirited attacks on bishops and the Pope.
TheMediaReport[dot]com
2018: The year the Church's crisis was unmasked -
The HHS mandate and parental rights
Carl E. Olson February 18, 2012 0
Br. Thomas More Garret, a Dominican who used to work in law and as a Congressional staffer, discusses an overlooked, uh, feature of the HHS mandate: But there is an equally serious, largely unnoticed consequence […]


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text:
Civil Rights Movement in the United States
by Debra L. Schultz
The image of Rita Levant Schwerner (b. 1942), the grieving but stoic widow of the disappeared Michael Schwerner, remains emblematic of the sacrifices made for the southern civil rights movement. In the popular mind, it is well known that two Jewish men—Schwerner and Andrew Goodman—along with their black colleague James Chaney, were murdered in Mississippi in 1964. What most people do not know is that Andrew Goodman had been in Mississippi for one day when he was killed. Rita Schwerner had been working with her husband for six months to open a civil rights project in Meridian when he was targeted for murder by a white supremacist gang. Despite her grief and because of her passionate political commitment, Rita Schwerner managed to point out to the media that the only reason they noted James Chaney's death was because he was murdered with two white men. Failure to recognize Rita Schwerner as an activist in her own right reinforces the invisibility of all the Jewish women who put themselves on the line to fight racism in the civil rights movement.
Despite widespread awareness of significant contributions to the movement by Jewish women, the documentary record and public perception reflect the roles and experiences of men. Scholarship in American Jewish history, civil rights history, and women's studies does not directly address the contributions of Jewish women. Nor does it ask what Jewish cultural influences primed young Jewish women to respond (in numbers disproportionate to their representation in the population) when the civil rights movement put out the call.
The kinds of roles Jewish women played helped build the infrastructure of a remarkably effective movement that did miraculous things with slender resources. They managed and connected people, money, resources, and information. Jewish women worked as campus organizers, fund-raisers, demonstrators and desegregators, voter registration workers, fieldworkers and organizers, Freedom School teachers, strategists, communications coordinators, human resource managers, economic cooperative organizers, typists, cooks, and sympathetic listeners. Among Jewish women professionals who volunteered their skills were law students and lawyers, doctors, and social workers.
Jewish women who found their way to the southern movement had to juggle multiple senses of identity. They were simultaneously relatively privileged, well-educated northern students who could choose to come south to work in a social justice movement; they were the children of Jews struggling to assimilate into American society without losing their Jewish connection; they were women from families and a culture that both encouraged and limited their life choices; they were white women in a movement led most visibly by black men; they were competent and experienced women willing to take action before the feminist movement made it legitimate to do so; and they were secular Jews in a black Christian movement working in the antisemitic and virulently racist and sexist South.
With commitment, courage, and individual initiative, a number of northern Jewish women went to the South even before the 1963, 1964, and 1965 summer projects provided an organizational framework for recruiting northern white college students. In 1960, New Yorker Dorothy Miller (b. 1938) learned and practiced nonviolent resistance techniques, going to jail in Miami during a summer workshop sponsored by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). She returned to Atlanta in 1961 to do research for the Southern Regional Council. A volunteer for the nascent Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), founded in 1960, Miller later joined its staff. Because of her writing skills, she was assigned to work with Julian Bond to build SNCC's communications and outreach efforts. She and her future husband, Robert Zellner (SNCC's first white field secretary), remained among SNCC's inner circle until 1967, when it was decided that the SNCC staff should be all black.
Carol Ruth Silver (b. 1938) responded to CORE's 1961 radio call for freedom riders, and she was the only woman on her biracial freedom-riding bus. Arrested in Jackson, Mississippi, on June 7, 1961, Silver spent the next forty days in jail. After the first few days, she was joined by thirteen more white women freedom riders, over half of them Jewish. The young women entertained themselves by reading, doing exercises, and playing chess (Silver had fashioned a chess set out of white bread). They had a party that included the hora. More important, they had philosophical discussions about nonviolence, learned to collaborate with black women activists jailed in nearby (segregated) cells, and developed the sensitivity and skills to be northern white allies in a black-led southern movement.
Having grown up in a woman-headed household that included her black music teacher, Faith Holsaert (b. 1943) had acquired some of these skills already. Yet she was only eighteen years old when she went to the South for the first time to participate in a Baltimore sit-in. A Barnard College freshman, she spent Christmas break 1961 in jail. In the summer of 1962, Holsaert left school for a year to work with SNCC in Albany, Georgia, on one of the movement's first mass voter registration campaigns. One of the few white women fieldworkers in the South before the 1964 summer project, Holsaert may have been SNCC's first Jewish woman field organizer.
Jewish women's organizational skills enabled them to play critical coordinating roles for the movement. Roberta Galler (1936 - 2014) was a founder and first executive secretary of Chicago Friends of SNCC. After doing fund-raising, organizing, and press outreach in Chicago for several years, SNCC's Lawrence Guyot asked Galler to come to Mississippi in the fall of 1964 to open the first statewide office of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). She arrived after the failure to seat the MFDP delegation (which contended it was more representative of Mississippi's Democratic citizens than the all-white delegation) at the Atlantic City Democratic National Convention. Galler worked around the clock with colleagues to lay the groundwork for MFDP's Congressional Challenge, which would attempt to oppose the seating of the all-white Mississippi delegation. Galler worked on a variety of projects in the South until 1968.
Jewish women professionals also contributed their skills to the southern movement. Law clerk Elizabeth Holtzman (a future member of the United States House of Representatives) was involved in the defense of the "Albany Nine," a group of activists from Albany, Georgia, indicted by the federal government in 1963. Among those indicted was Joni Rabinowitz, another Jewish woman activist and the daughter of radical lawyer Victor Rabinowitz.
Dr. June Finer (b. 1935) spent the summer of 1964 working with the Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR) in Mississippi. She returned the following year to work as MCHR's southern coordinator, assigning tasks to the many volunteer doctors, nurses, and psychologists who came to the South to provide support. Florence Howe (b. 1929), a professor at Goucher College, coordinated the Blair Street Freedom School in Jackson, Mississippi, in the summer of 1964. Howe, who went on to establish the Feminist Press, attributes her groundbreaking work in women's studies to lessons learned in Mississippi.
In another type of role, Jewish mothers organized Parents of SNCC groups around the country and were instrumental in fund-raising. Gertrude (Trudy) Orris (b. 1916) ran the New York Parents of SNCC group and spent much time on the phone with the Atlanta office, monitoring developments in the South and trying to get media and government attention focused there. At her New York home, Orris hosted young black activists from all over the South, arranging for their housing, medical care, and fund-raising events.
Some Jewish women volunteers stayed on after the 1964 Summer Project, while others came to the South in 1965. From January to June 1965, Harriet Tanzman (b. 1940), one of the few white women fieldworkers for Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Southern Christian Leadership Conference, worked in Selma, Alabama. She taught literacy and practical skills to small groups of mostly black women, some of whom went on for training that enabled them to teach their own literacy classes. Elaine DeLott (b. 1942), coordinator of federal programs for the Council of Federated Organizations (Mississippi's civil rights umbrella group), helped organize an okra cooperative in Batesville, Mississippi, that was in existence for fifteen years.
Jewish women who went to the South for the civil rights movement demonstrated a willingness to put their bodies on the line to fight racism. This was a very transgressive act on a number of levels. First, it remains extraordinary for any white person in the United States to be a "race traitor," risking his or her life to fight racism. Second, for women, going to the South directly challenged traditional gender roles before the second wave of the women's movement made such challenges less individualized acts. Finally, going to the South required negotiating Jewish cultural and political ambivalence about becoming visible as critics of American society. This was precisely what many of the women's second-generation parents, engaged in the project of assimilation and upward mobility, most feared, even as they recognized that their daughters were acting with the moral values they had learned at home.
Despite varying degrees of alienation and/or identification with Judaism, Jewish backgrounds, traditions, politics, and values did shape the worldviews and commitments of Jewish women civil rights activists. Some but not all were children of Old Left families, whose activism was in keeping with family values. Others came from liberal Democratic families who retained a sense of tikkun olam (Hebrew for "repair of the world"), which suggests a special Jewish concern with social justice.
Women such as Vivian Leburg Rothstein (b. 1946), the child of refugees from Nazism, and Trudy Orris, then an Army wife who had visited the newly liberated concentration camps in Germany in 1946, directly tie their antiracist activism to close encounters with the Holocaust.
Other facets of mid-century American Jewish life fostered identification of Jews with the black struggle. One dimension is the closeness of many of Jewish women activists' families to poverty and struggle. Carol Ruth Silver and Barbara Jacobs Haber (b. 1938) both had fathers who had earned law degrees but were forced to work at odd jobs to support their families. Several women came from divorced, woman-headed households, which only highlighted their "otherness" in the 1950s.
Sometimes a sense of "otherness" came with feeling marginalized as Jews. Some future civil rights workers experienced blatant antisemitism, often for the first time when they went away to college. In the 1950s, Florence Howe was the only Jewish graduate student at Smith College; there was one black student as well. Howe remembers overhearing the leaders of her dorm planning a party. "Do we have to invite the Jew and the colored?" they asked.
Many future Jewish women activists experienced a contradiction between the Jewish familial expectation of attaining higher education and the 1950s cultural norm in which women were supposed to stay home and raise families. Furthermore, Jewish women have traditionally been expected to work and to take care of family businesses, albeit to facilitate men's Lit. "teaching," "study," or "learning." A compilation of the commentary and discussions of the amora'im on the Mishnah. When not specified, "Talmud" refers to the Babylonian Talmud.Talmud study and spiritual development. This meshed nicely with the need for Jewish women (as northern white women) to play significant but heretofore invisible roles in the black-led civil rights movement.
In reflecting on the Holocaust, a number of future Jewish women activists saw the movement as an opportunity to fight back. It offered a chance to take risks, to expand their possibilities as women, and to fight economic oppression and racism. Given Jewish ethical imperatives, going to the South gave Jewish women a powerful context in which to act upon their own moral visions.
Blumberg, Rhoda Lois. "White Mothers as Civil Rights Activists: The Interweave of Family and Movement Roles." In Women and Social Protest, edited by Guida West and Rhoda Lois Blumberg (1990)
Bond, Julian. "The Politics of Civil Rights History." In New Directions in Civil Rights Studies, edited by Armistead Robinson and Patricia Sullivan (1991)
Cagin, Seth, and Philip Dray. We Are Not Afraid: The Story of Goodman, Schwerner and Chaney and the Civil Rights Campaign for Mississippi (1988)
Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (1981)
Crawford, Vicki L., Jacqueline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers, 1941–1965 (1990)
Dittmer, John. Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi (1994)
Evans, Eli. The Provincials: An Informal History of Jews in the South (1973)
Evans, Sara. Personal Politics: The Roots of Women's Liberation in the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left (1980)
Huie, William Bradford. Three Lives for Mississippi (1968)
Kaufman, Jonathan. Broken Alliance: The Turbulent Times Between Blacks and Jews in America (1988)
Kaye/Kantrowitz, Melanie. The Issue Is Power: Essays on Women, Jews, Violence and Resistance (1992)
Lawson, Steven. "Freedom Then, Freedom Now: The Historiography of the Civil Rights Movement." American Historical Review 96 (April 1991): 456–471
Lyon, Danny. Memories of the Southern Civil Rights Movement (1992)
McAdam, Doug. Freedom Summer (1988)
May, Elaine Tyler. Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era (1988)
Prell, Riv-Ellen. "Why Jewish Princesses Don't Sweat: Desire and Consumption in Postwar American Jewish Culture." In The People of the Body: Jews and Judaism from an Embodied Perspective, edited by Howard Eilberg-Schwartz (1993)
Rothschild, Mary Aickin. A Case of Black and White: Northern Volunteers and the Southern Freedom Summers, 1964–1965 (1982)
Schultz, Debra L. "We Didn't Think in Those Terms Then": Narratives of Jewish Women in the Southern Civil Rights Movement, 1960–1966 (forthcoming)
Shapiro, Edward S. A Time for Healing: American Jewry Since World War II (1992)
Waxman, Chaim. America's Jews in Transition (1983).
Biography: Rita Schwerner
Biography: Faith Holsaert
Biography: Roberta Galler
Biography: Roberta Galler, 1936 - 2014
We note with regret the death of Lawrence Guyot, the civil rights activist who asked asked Roberta Galler to come to Mississippi in the fall of 1964 to open the first statewide office of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The brave life of Mr. Guyot is detailed in his New York Times' obituary at http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11....
While segregation was still the law of the land, Hillel professionals hosted an "Inter Racial Conference" at the Southeastern Hillel Conference, 1948.
Institution: Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life.
Schultz, Debra L.. "Civil Rights Movement in the United States." Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. 27 February 2009. Jewish Women's Archive. (Viewed on January 21, 2020) <https://qa.jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/civil-rights-movement-in-united-states>.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Family Promise of Lake Houston (click here to learn more https://fplh.org/)
Family Promise of Lake Houston provides programs and services necessary to address the underlying causes of homelessness and to return our families to a self-sustaining life. We bring together service agencies and local volunteers to provide safe, temporary housing, meals, and support services to homeless families in the Lake Houston area. Each family will work through a success plan to regain independence. The plans include financial, career, and educational training and goals, that when implemented, help the families become self sufficient. Graduates of the program are also mentored for an additional two years after their graduation from the program.
Atascocita Lutheran Church is part of a 13 church network that hosts the families four times per year for a week at a time. The families continue to work on their programs to success during the day, and come to the church in the evening for dinner and overnight. Our volunteers generously provide the evening meal, snacks, fellowship, and a safe place to sleep. Each morning the families return to the Life Skills Center to begin their daily activities, be it work, school, training, job or employment seeking.
There is a great need for $177,000 to complete the fundraising for the Promise House. This has been a five year dream of the leaders of Family Promise and with your help the dream can come true in 2021.
177 Champions are needed to give a donation of at least $1,000 now. Each donor will receive a 12 X 12 brick on the "Walk of Success" leading up to the entrance of the Promise House. More importantly, each donor is making a BIG difference in the lives of many families in the Humble and Lake Houston areas.
Contact Judy Johnson jajohn4471@comcast.net or Judy Cargill jcar957@hotmail.com to volunteer today!
HAAM (Humble Area Assistance Ministries - click to learn more www.haam.org )
Humble Area Assistance Ministries (HAAM) is an inter-faith organization that helps community residents in crisis by providing essential resources to move towards self-sufficiency. Last year HAAM donated 6,017 bags of food, serviced 22,453 individuals through food fairs and 2,508 with child nutrition packs.
As Pastor Brian and several church members have worked with HAAM in volunteer situations, it is so apparent that the needs of the community are great. Our church volunteers along with volunteers from Atascocita Methodist and Christ the King Episcopal churches have held four food fairs which serviced over 2000 individuals.
You may ask how you can help. There are individual projects you and your family can do at home and as the covid virus releases it's grip, we have group projects we are eager to work on as a congregation. There are congregational projects such as collections to help those in need of food, school supplies and tennis shoes and gift cards for Christmas. Helping others is very rewarding!
If you're interested in learning how you can help, contact Carol Vorwald lisbon58@yahoo.com or Ellen Poxon poxon.ellenrn@yahoo.com or Sheila Ely mrlimited@aol.com
Worship and Music Ministry
Email: office@alutheranchurch.org
© 2022 Atascocita Lutheran Church. All Rights Reserved. | Login


The Driving Test in Ireland takes approximately 40 minutes to complete. Throughout the test you will be given clear instructions, but if you don't understand something, ask the examiner to repeat it. Do not panic if you make mistakes during the test. It may not be as serious as you think and it may not mean you have failed. When you return to the test centre your examiner will bring you back into the examination room to give you the result. If you pass, you will be given a Certificate of Competency, which is valid for 2 years. You MUST bring this to your local tax office and exchange it for your new Full Irish Driving Licence as soon as possible because you CANNOT drive on a Motorway with just a Certificate of Competency. If you fail to apply for a full licence during this 2 year period, you will have to complete your Driving Test again. If you fail your Driving Test, you will be given a detailed list of your mistakes, which you should study and rectify before you sit another Driving Test.
There are a number of things you need to do in preparation for your Driving Test and a number of legal requirements you must comply with.
You must have a current Learner Permit to sit a Driving Test.
Current motor tax, insurance and an NCT certificate discs (if applicable) must be displayed on the vehicle you are using.
L-plates should be displayed on the front and rear of the vehicle.
The vehicle should be roadworthy, for example all tyres should have a minimum depth of 1.6mm - the legal thread depth limit for tyres.
Everything should be in perfect working order, e.g., windscreen wipers, indicators, mirrors, etc.
The interior and exterior of your car should be clean.
To explain how a technical check would be carried out on your vehicle, you will be required to open the vehicle bonnnet and close it securely.
Use of secondary controls such as wipers, de-misters, etc.
You can download a copy of the Examiners Driving Test Assessment Sheet below so that you can see for yourself exactly what he will be marking you on. By studying this sheet and getting in plenty of practice with your ADI, you should master all of these faults thereby increasing your chances of passing your test on the very first attempt.
You can download and print the Driving Test Application Form below or alternatively, you can apply online through my Links page and click on the appropriate link.
You can also download the Final Checks For The Driving Test right here.


The competition: Cate Blanchett's disturbed socialite (Blue Jasmine), Sandra Bullock's panicked astronaut (Gravity), Judi Dench's kindhearted mother (Philomena), Emma Thompson's prickly author (Saving Mr. Banks), and Meryl Streep's pill-popping matriarch (August: Osage County).
For your information: While all of these women are Oscar winners, Thompson has not won a SAG award (these awards weren't give out when she won her Oscar). She does have one previous individual film bid. In the lead and supporting film categories, this is the ninth nomination for Streep, the eighth for Dench, the seventh for Blanchett, and the second for Bullock. All have won exactly once (Streep won for TV another time too). Only Streep is also nominated as part of her ensemble.
Who should win: Dench or Bullock, though none of these would be my choices.
Who will win: It's hard to know who the frontrunner will be, but I'd guess Blanchett.


text:
 Call us now: 020-7371-1113
Peru Trips
Enjoy Peru-sing our range of tours to the land of the Incas from guided adventures to private journeys with the option to tailor your dream holiday
Escorted by a tour leader
Discover the many wonders of Peru including the official New World Wonder from the spectacular Inca citadel of Machu Picchu to the fortresses and temples of the Sacred Valley.
Lake Titicaca (Peru)
Puerto Maldonado and the Amazon
Peru Guide
Start planning your adventure of a lifetime with our handy resources that cover everything you need to know when visiting Peru from money, health and food, to when to go and what to see, visas required, trekking the Inca Trail and visiting Machu Picchu.
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Visiting Machu Picchu
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 / South America tours / Peru tours / Best Places to Visit / Sacred Valley tours
Trips and Tours to Sacred Valley
AboutToursMapSitesTransport
About Sacred Valley
Tracing an astoundingly beautiful course from Cusco to Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley encompasses the heartland of the ancient Inca Empire with the historic citadels of Pisac and Ollantaytambo standing guard over the opposite edges of this steep-sided river valley. Agriculturally exploited by the Incas, the fertile alluvial plain is fed by the Urubamba River, which passes the ancient villages of Calca and Yucay on its journey downstream to the Amazon. With dramatic Inca ruins, stunning mountain scenery and traditional Andean villages, the Sacred Valley has plenty to entice travellers.
Of all the ruins in Peru, Pisac and Ollantaytambo are perhaps the most evocative. Spectacularly stood on a mountain spur, the fortress of Pisac towers over the colonial village and affords magnificent panoramas across the valley. Centuries-old terraces are lined with rock-cut water ducts and steps and the Templo del Sol can rival anything at Machu Picchu. Constructed around a protrusion of volcanic rock, the temple is believed to have been used to calculate the changing of the season. Further north, the incredible ruins of Ollantaytambo are defended by giant, steep terraces with several stone storehouses built on the surrounding hills. Hemmed in by snow-capped mountains, Ollantaytambo is an awe-inspiring sight and one of the few existing examples of an Inca grid system.
Retaining a traditional Andean charm, the villages of Calca and Yucay line the road between Pisac and Ollantaytambo. The village of Calca is popular for the thermal baths located beneath the suspended glaciers of Mt. Sahuasiray. Late September and early October are a great time to visit when the village comes alive with local fiestas. Yucay is home to the exquisite stone walls of a ruined Inca palace with a number of Inca terraces nearby.
Sacred Valley Tours
Here are some popular itineraries that include a visit to Sacred Valley. Alternatively, if you would like to include a visit to Sacred Valley on a bespoke touring itinerary to Peru, take a look at our tailor-made holiday planning section.
Into the Incan Empire
Machu Picchu by Train
Peru & Iquitos Amazon Cruise
Luxury Peru & Andean Explorer
Amazon, Incas & Titicaca
Inti Raymi Festival
Peru, Iguazu & Rio
Lima to La Paz
Peru, Canyon & Jungle
Journey Across South America
Peru Encompassed
Argentina, Atacama & Andes
Highlights of South America
Trails to Titicaca
22 Days FROM £0
Trails to Titicaca Northbound
Show All Tours
Best sites to visit in Sacred Valley
The attractive town of Ollantaytambo is a firm favourite in the Sacred Valley thanks to its imposing Inca fortress and dramatic mountain backdrop. Originally built by the Incas as an administrative centre, today's Ollantaytambo sits on the foundations of the 15th century town and demonstrates the clever grid system used by the Incas in their town planning. Steep terraces scale the side of a mountain to form what is known as Temple Hill, a section of town dedicated to ceremonial and religious practices though it is commonly referred to as the Fortress, most likely due to the fact that it was the last Inca stronghold in the face of the conquering Spaniards.
Home to a colourful Sunday market and impressive Inca ruins, Pisac features predominantly on any visit to the Sacred Valley. Each week villagers from across the region gather in the picturesque town to buy and sell local produce and goods, an event that proves popular with travellers. During the rest of the week the artisan market of Pisac is one of the best shopping destinations in Peru. Pisac is also famous for the ruined Inca citadel, which sits atop a hill at the entrance to a canyon and features dramatic agricultural terraces, rock-cut water ducts, and the precisely-built stone walls of the Temple of the Sun.
Set on a high plateau at an altitude of 3,500 metres, the Inca ruins of the Moray archaeological site are some of the most distinctive and visually stunning in all of Peru. Resembling an amphitheatre with concentric circular terraces carved into the earth, the site is believed to have been used by the Incas to experiment with the effects of temperature and climatic conditions on their crops. The deepest terrace measures 30 metres and this means that the temperature changes by 15 degrees centigrade between the different levels of terraces. One of the three terraced bowels at Moray has been planted with crops to provide an insight into their original use.
Built into the slopes of Qaqawiñay mountain, the salt evaporation ponds of Maras are a spectacular sight to behold with thousands of uneven-shaped ponds creating a patchwork of texture and colour created by trace minerals with hues of pink, green and brown. The salt pans date back to the pre-Inca period with a complex system of channels feeding salty water from a nearby spring into the terraced ponds. In the ponds the water then evaporates under the sun to leave behind dazzling salt rocks that are harvested and sold at markets to this day with local families continuing the ancient practice.
The Andean village of Chinchero perfectly illustrates why the Sacred Valley is such an alluring destination with a lively market, colourful indigenous character, attractive colonial architecture and striking Inca ruins. Located on windswept plains north of Cuzco, the village maintains a very traditional appearance with adobe brick houses and the unassuming white-wash Spanish church, which contains within it beautiful, though decaying, paintings and frescoes. Extensive terraces and a massive stone wall with ten trapezoidal niches are all that remain of the original Inca village at Chinchero.
Transport links in Sacred Valley
The towns and larger villages of the Sacred Valley are well-connected by winding mountainside roads with Pisac, Chinchero and Ollantaytambo easily reached from Cuzco. One of the main roads in the region follows the course of the Rio Vilcanota and whatever your itinerary, you're guaranteed a scenic journey surrounded by Andean peaks. Tours of the Sacred Valley are undertaken by mini-van, which enables touring groups to arrive right at the entrance to the larger Inca sites.
Railway Services
A railway line connects Cuzco with Machu Picchu following a route through the Sacred Valley and the town of Ollantaytambo. PeruRail operate three different trains between Cuzco and Machu Picchu, ranging in standard from comfortable panoramic carriages to super-deluxe with plenty of inclusions. Along with Inca Rail, PeruRail also offer daily trains between Ollantaytambo and Machu Picchu, perfect for those starting their excursion to the lost citadel from the Sacred Valley.
Best Time to Visit the Sacred Valley
For the nicest weather, visit the Sacred Valley during the dry season, which falls between the months of June and September. The region, and much else of Peru, experiences minimal rainfall at this time with clear, sunny skies and pleasant daytime temperatures though it can get bitterly cold at night. A number of colourful festivals are held by the Andean communities of the Sacred Valley throughout the year so there are reasons to visit during the wet season including the February-held Carnival and the Virgen de Natividad procession that takes place in Chinchero every September.
Sacred Valley Map
020-7371-1113 | info@onthegotours.com
Drop in and see us at our office on 3 Shortlands, Hammersmith, London W6 8DA, UK. Or call us on 020-7371-1113
Tailored To Suit You
On our Tailor-made trips, we give you the flexibility and choice to do things just the way you want, all alongside the great service we're famous for.
Whether you're travelling solo, with a partner, family, extended family or as group of friends we'll customise your arrangements to suit your exact needs and budget. Our Tailor-made trips are designed for your needs and you don't have to join other travellers like you would on a group tour. Just tell us what you'd like to see and when you'd like to go, and we'll design the perfect holiday for you.
The Tailor-made itineraries we've suggested are designed to give you an idea of what you could do with us, they can be booked as they are, or adapted to suit you. If you'd like to change any aspect of the trips you see, please get in touch. If you aren't quite sure of what you want to do, that's no problem either! One of our experienced travel consultants can make suggestions then together you can tweak until it's the perfect fit.
Exciting Days, Comfortable Nights
Our Signature group tours place local interaction and authenticity at the heart of your travel experience.
For our Signature range, we maximize your days with excitement and then bring you home to specially selected accommodation with extra character, convenience and comfort, whether that's a five-star river boat on the Nile or a traditional Japanese Ryokan. Accommodation in this range features comfortable western standards, air-conditioning, WiFi and, where appropriate, a swimming pool.
On a Signature holiday, you'll be escorted throughout your trip by our qualified English-speaking local guides who'll show you all the must-see attractions and even the lesser-known sights.
To further add to that special touch, the group sizes in our Signature range are mid-sized: small enough to be intimate, but large enough that you can bond with new friends over common interests.
Iconic Experiences, Local Partners
On our Handpicked range we bring you the most iconic experiences in destinations where you'll join travellers from other travel brands on your tour, safari or sailing holiday. Collaborating with our carefully handpicked portfolio of local partners, these holidays represent exceptional value and there'll be plenty of cultural experiences shared with other like-minded travellers.
Group sizes and accommodation standards vary by destination where typical group size is 28 travellers and hotels, boats and safari lodges are of a 3-4 star standard.
Value and Freedom
On our Essentials range, we've kept things simple to give you amazing experiences at a great price.
As well as guided sightseeing of the key sites, there's plenty of free time to explore independently or take part in optional excursions so you can focus on doing just the things that suit you. We've given you the flexibility to eat how you want too, by making most of the meals optional.
On your Essentials tour, you'll be travelling the way the locals do to really get under the skin of your destination. Although we've kept costs down, these trips are far from slumming it, with accommodation spanning everything from dome tents to the occasional fancy hotel. Group sizes tend to be a little larger on our Essentials range to give you a social and fun travel experience with like-minded travellers.
A lot of our Essentials tours include a local payment. As well as keeping up front costs down for you, it means that even more of your money stays within the local area.


text:
Drs. Charles and Leslie Elder and the Picture of Health
Charles Elder, MD, MPH, has worked as a primary care internist with Kaiser Permanente for 29 years. For the past 20 years, he has been combining conventional and complementary medicine to treat his patients. "When I'm in the clinic seeing patients, straight up internal medicine doesn't always work," he says. "A lot of times, patients…
Corona Care Israel offers stress relief to US health workers
Israel21c
COVID-19, Israel
Photo: Health workers at Ziv Medical Center's coronavirus critical care unit in Safed, April 2, 2020. Photo by David Cohen/Flash90 By Abigail Klein Leichman A group of Israeli mental health professionals has created "Corona Care Israel" in partnership with United Hatzalah of Israel to provide mental health care, grief counseling and emotional stabilization for first…


Economic car rental in Murcia Airport San Javier. elitePlatinumcar together with eliteSilvercar, eliteBluecar, eliteRedcar and elitePinkcar belong to eliteColourcar group, we offer our clients car rental in Murcia Airport San Javier with all the guarantees of a strong company in the rent a car sector. You can choose among our versions Platinumcar, Silvercar, Bluecar, Redcar, and Pinkcar the one that you like best.
Rental in Murcia Airport San Javier of new cars, as they are on average from 6 to 12 months old.
The prices of the vehicles for rental that we offer in Murcia Airport San Javier normally include unlimited mileage, insurance and taxes.
elitePlatinumcar Murcia Airport San Javier, eliteSilvercar Murcia Airport San Javier, eliteBluecar Murcia Airport San Javier, eliteRedcar Murcia Airport San Javier and elitePinkcar Murcia Airport San Javier.


text:
encviewfuse
===========
.. image:: https://secure.travis-ci.org/seiferma/encviewfuse.png
    :target: http://travis-ci.org/seiferma/encviewfuse

Description
-----------
encviewfuse is a fuse filesystem that provides an encrypted view on a given directory. You can use it in conjunction with usual backup software without the requirement to save the files encrypted or provide additional space.

Installation
------------
The file system is available for Python 3 via pypi (encviewfuse.fuse).

Usage
-----
``encviewfuse_fs <source directory> <mount point> -o secret=<secret>,fileSalt=<fileSalt>,filenameSalt=<filenameSalt>``

+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Option Value            | Meaning                                                   |
+=========================+===========================================================+
| ``source directory``    | The directory containing the files to be encrypted        |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``mount point``         | The mount point for the encrypted view                    |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``secret``              | The secret used for the encryption                        |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``fileSalt``            | The id of the file salt provider (filename | mtime)       |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| ``filenameSalt``        | The id of the filename salt provider (filename | mtime)   |
+-------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

Instead of the ``secret`` option, you can also use the ``secretfile`` option to specify a file containing the secret.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Terraced houses may not exceed a volume allowance of 40 cubic metres additional roof space.
Detached and semi-detached houses may not exceed a volume allowance of 50 cubic metres additional roof space.
There must be no extension beyond the plane of the existing roof slope of the principal elevation that fronts the road.
No extension must be higher than the highest part of the original roof.
The building materials used must be similar in appearance to the existing house.
There must be no verandas, balconies or raised platforms.
Any opening must be 1.7 metres above the floor.
Roof extensions are not permitted developments for listed buildings or in specially designated areas such as conservation sites and national parks.
Roof extensions, apart from hip to gable ones, are to be set back, as far as practicable, at least 20 centimetres from the original eave.
The conversion must have a sufficiently strong floor.
The stability of the property has not been compromised in any way.
There is an adequate fire escape.
The stairs leading to the conversion are safe.
The conversion has adequate insulation between itself and the rooms below.
The conversion does not disturb bats or other protected species of animals.
Building requirements for loft conversions to flats, maisonettes and houses over three storeys, will include these and additional, more extensive regulations. If you just plan to board out your loft space to create additional storage, you will also have to comply with building regulations, since the existing timber joists that form the floor of the existing loft are unlikely to have been designed to support a significant weight. The local council building control department can advise you on the requirements, subject to the specifics of the project.
Ask trusted family and friends who have had a loft conversion for recommendations.
Contact the National Federation of Builders and ask for a list of registered members.
Solicit written quotations from three or more builders and specify that they include what legal requirements must be addressed.
Ask for references from the potential builder, and check them.
Check the builder's public liability insurance certificate.
Ensure that the written contract includes exactly what work will be completed, the start and completion dates, hours of work, disposal of waste materials and remediation if the project is not completed according to the contract.
With the recession likely to continue for some time yet, and housing prices continuing their downward trend, it makes sense to stay in a property and invest in it by making renovations that will not only improve the home's comfort and livability, but will appeal to potential home buyers, when it comes time to sell.


Colorful and aesthetically beautiful, Lite Cycle presents an innovative and safer way to think switch boxes. Durable PBT Pushbutton enclosure with counter-rotating locks provide a solid long lasting solution for all your switch enclosure needs. This enclosure has a molded face plate with Caution Yellow Resin allowing operators to quickly locate the control box for safe operation. The two pushbutton entrances size is 30 millimeters. The enclosure is resistant to oil, easy to clean and safe for high-temperature applications.


text:
Der Hochrohkopf ist ein Berg des Bregenzerwaldgebirges, der auf der Gemeindegrenze zwischen den Vorarlberger Gemeinden Laterns und Damüls gelegen ist.

Lage
Der Hochrohkopf mit  in der Gruppe des Hoher Freschen ist ein wenig auffallender, aber doch ausgeprägter, mächtiger Gipfel mit drei scharfen Graten und teilweise äußerst steilen Flanken, die vom kantigen dunklen Flysch durchsetzt sind. Auf vielen Karten fehlen Name und Höhe, obwohl es sich um den Hauptgipfel in diesem Kamm handelt.

Auffallend ist die sehr üppige Vegetation mit dichten Stauden aus Heidelbeeren, Alpenrosen, Wacholder usw., vielen Blumen und Grünerlen vor allem in den Lawinenhängen.

Benachbarte Gipfel
 Gerenfalben 1938 m, Portlakopf 1905 m, Furkakopf 1904 m.

Aufstieg
 Vom Portlafürkle über den Nordostgrat
 Über den Südgrat vom Furkajoch via Furkakopf
 Vom Gerenfalben über den Westgrat.

Karten
 Kompass Karte 1:50.000, Blatt 2 Bregenzerwald – Westallgäu

Literatur

Weblinks

 Panorama vom Hochrohkopf
 Panorama unter dem Gipfel des Hochrohkopfes

Berg in den Alpen
Bregenzerwaldgebirge
Laterns
Geographie (Damüls)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A beautiful camel handmade dog blanket of imitation fur. This fits perfectly into the camel dog bed Pure.
This dog blanket fits perfectly into the camel dog bed Pure. You can choose the dog blanket in the same size as cushion size of the dog basket. If you want to cover the entire dog bed with the dog blanket, choose one size larger than the dog bed.


text:
The Sad Legacy of Robert Bork
The late judge didn't have a chance to move Supreme Court jurisprudence. But his failure to be confirmed had a profound and regrettable effect on how we nominate justices today.
Bork at his September 15, 1987 hearing with former President Gerald Ford (left) and then-Senator Bob Dole. (Charles Tasnadi/Associated Press)
The relentless honesty and arrogant mien of Robert Bork, who has died at 84, during his unforgettable 1987 Supreme Court nomination hearing resulted in two very important things for this nation. First, it precluded the ideologue from becoming a life-tenured justice, which has meant over the intervening 25 years many saving graces for progressives and many bitter disappointments for conservatives. Second, it changed (forever, I suspect) the way judicial confirmation hearings unfold, by encouraging earnest nominees to say to the Senate Judiciary Committee nothing at all candid, specific, or profound about their judicial philosophies or views of the law.
Reasonable minds may argue over how different American law would be today if the Senate had confirmed Bork. The position ultimately was filled by Anthony Kennedy, who has been a diehard conservative in some areas (like economic policy and the First Amendment) and an unabashed liberal in others (like gay rights and restrictions on capital punishment). My best guess is that Bork would have been a conservative activist very much in the manner of Justice Antonin Scalia, a loud and consistent vote to roll back precedent not just to pre-Warren Court positions but to the Lochner-era sensibilities of a century ago.
But no reasonable person today can contend that judicial nomination proceedings are more insightful and productive in the wake of the Bork hearing. Throughout the long history of court appointments, confirmations had rarely been detailed affairs. In 1962, for example, John F. Kennedy appointee Byron White was questioned by the Senate Judiciary Committee for all of 11 minutes. In fact, it wasn't until 1925 that a Supreme Court nominee (Harlan Fiske Stone) even appeared before the committee and it was another 14 years before a second (Felix Frankfurter) did so.
Mike Pence Has Nowhere to Go
So the Bork hearing didn't reverse a century of transparency in the process. But it certainly assured that no such transparency and candor would ever come again. The self-defeating lesson which official Washington took from the political savagery of the 1987 proceedings was that nominees were better off saying nothing publicly about their views of the law and were better off serving up empty platitudes when backed into a corner by their Judiciary Committee inquisitors. Sadly, you can draw a direct line from Bork's experience to John Roberts' patronizing "umpire" analogy during his 2005 confirmation hearing.
Even if Bork had never been "borked" (verb: to have one's nomination to high office be subject to zealous political attack), he would have been a colossal figure in the law. He was a former federal appeals court judge. He was a Yale law professor. He was a Justice Department official during the Nixon Administration; it was Bork who was left standing at Justice on the evening of October 20, 1973 following the "Saturday Night Massacre," which saw the firing of Archibald Cox and the resignation of Elliot Richardson. Most recently, he was a legal adviser to the campaign of Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney.
Had Romney won, and had Bork survived, the old judge finally would have been able to exact a measure of revenge on those who had long ago denied him his ultimate goal. (That Romney chose this divisive figure to counsel him on judicial policy and court nominations says more about the candidate than it does about the judge). But Bork already had outlived many of his old tormentors, including Senator Edward Kennedy, the Democrat, and Senator Arlen Specter, the Republican. The three of them were and always will be intertwined; characters in a drama that sharply shaped both the Supreme Court and the way we pick its justices.
In any event, with Bork's death and President Obama's reelection, we will never know how far the jurist's influence might have gone with a Republican presidential victory. And so a man with an immense legacy in the law will be forever known not for what he achieved but for what he did not; not for the stark philosophies of privacy and equal protection he would have tried to impose on the nation, but for an informal rule of judicial nominations that compels candidates forevermore not to share with the American people what they really think about the Constitution and the Supreme Court's precedent. He is a hero to some, a villain to others, but for a brilliant man who was first of all direct and forthright, that's a terribly sad legacy, indeed.


Take advantage of Courtyard New York Manhattan/SoHo's unbeatable location near popular attractions such as West Village, New York University and Grenwich Village.
Our hotel is conveniently situated in SoHo, an eclectic mix of upscale shopping, bargain hunting and street venders. We're also located only 10 miles away from LaGuardia Airport.
Enjoy a quick and easy check-in process at our welcome pedestals, then grab a snack or beverage from our lobby's Market to refuel after a busy day of travel.
Reconvene with family and friends before your outing in SoHo at our stylish lobby. We offer plush furnishings and complimentary Wi-Fi for your comfort.
Our contemporary hotel lounge is the perfect place to unwind and relax during your stay in New York. Work on your laptop using our complimentary Wi-Fi or watch a sports game on our flat-screen TV.
Encounter modern style in our stylish hotel rooms. We provide luxury bedding, complimentary Wi-Fi and mini-refrigerators for your all-around convenience.
Take care of your work tasks in peace and quiet when you utilize your room's ergonomic workstation and complimentary high-speed Wi-Fi.
Our king guest rooms feature pullout sofa beds so you can accommodate your entire family during your stay in The Big Apple.
Book a city-view room to wake up to sensational views of New York City through wide floor-to-ceiling windows following a good night's sleep on our luxury bedding.
Featuring a shower/tub combination, free bath products and plenty of counter space to put your cosmetics or toiletries, our bathrooms have everything you need to stay refreshed.
Maximize your comfort in our spacious suites boasting separate areas for living and sleeping, as well as pullout sofas, flat-panel TVs and ergonomic workstations.
Before an eventful day full of sightseeing or attending meetings, get a good night's rest inspired by our luxury bedding including crisp linens, fluffy pillows and custom comforters.
Freshen up before your night out on the town in our spacious suite bathrooms.
Our signature GoBoard®, an interactive, touch-screen informational display panel, allows you to access driving directions, view New York weather updates and find local restaurants.
Propel your productivity at our on-site business center. Send emails, research the web and print your boarding pass with ease thanks to our computers and printing services.
Visit The Market, open 24 hours a day for snacks, soft drinks and quick on-the-go treats. The Market is located in the lobby of our hotel.
Dine in private or host an impromptu meeting in one of our lobby's media pods featuring a personal flat-screen TV, free Wi-Fi and power outlets for charging your devices.
Jump-start your mornings at our on-site café. Table 181 serves delicious breakfast options in addition to freshly brewed Starbucks® coffee.
Work on your laptop independently or with a small group of colleagues at the communal table, featuring plenty of outlets for all of your devices and complimentary Wi-Fi.
Looking to keep up with your exercise regimen during your time away from home? Our West Village hotel boasts a 24-hour fitness center so you can work up a sweat at your own convenience.
The Hudson Square Boardroom houses all the amenities needed to make your next small event a success, including AV equipment, comfortable seating and custom catering options.


Mountainside Vacation Villas is an exclusive Golf Course Development comprising 116 fully furnished one and two-bedroom villas offering privacy, comfort and magnificent scenery. Nestled among the wooded slopes of the spectacular Rocky Mountains, every villa enjoys mountain and golf course views. Don't be surprised if deer and other wildlife make an appearance during your stay!
Large and spacious, the villas offer all the conveniences of your own home, including a fireplace, a complete and fully stocked kitchen and a barbecue. Comfortable and tasteful oak furnishings and luxurious carpeting throughout reflect a top quality resort. Each villa has many special features and extras, like vaulted cedar ceilings, your own washer & dryer, dishwasher, hairdryer, Cable TV, DVD, CD and WiFi.
Come stay with us. Make yourself at home. Let us help you create an original and unforgettable vacation experience.


Driving back home, the afternoon light reflects on the cream-coloured stone that from long ago our houses have been built. And between clusters of homes the countryside that, against a backdrop of blue sky and sunshine, seems to glow magically. Daydreaming, I think of what to cook for my twin friends and sister, who are coming over for dinner in a few hours time. And with the shops closed, my only resources are my cupboard and freezer. Interesting…..
Roghan Josh and rice? No, I only have enough for two! Donkey stew? Again…. I only have enough for about 3. What else? Potato frittata? A bit poor for a public holiday evening. I have a frozen stash of sauce from the Qargha Baghali Mimli stuffing…. And a kilo of rice. That's settled: I can make Baked Rice a la Gozitaine!
Ross fil-Forn in simple terms….
Having no microwave, I take out my rudimentary toaster (a perforated metal plate that lies flat over the burner, and which doubles as a heat diffuser), plonk one of my round enamel baking dishes on top and gently heat the sauce until it melts. I'm in no rush anyway…. Half cook the rice and set it aside. Eggs, grated cheese, milk….. I have all I need.
As I am a serious enamelware collector: pot/pan/kettle/plate/whatever-I-can-get-my-hands-on, I debate which baking dish to use. A deep one, rectangle, a big round one or the latest one I got from the flea-market in Birgu? I also have my new bormaforn and could use that! Decided: I will use the round round baking dish my friend Olga gave me this Winter.
Cooking is such a joy. Well, to me it is. I never run out of enthusiasm or things I want to bake and cook. The seasons inspire me, the local ingredients get my mind racing, it's a continuous celebration of taste and colour. The pleasure to please those for whom I cook is often excuse enough for me.
Making baked rice is easy if you have all the prep ready. I make enough to feed 6 hungry Gozitans (that is a serving for 8 to 10 people). One kilo of cooked rice, six eggs, 150 grams of grated cheese, pepper, one glass of milk and about a kilo of meat sauce (either a Bolognaise or Qargha Baghali stuffing sauce). Am carried away taking pics and realize that my cat Pickles has sneaked on to the chair, chin up in the air trying to get a sniff of the food. I remind her that curiosity killed the cat, and I shoo her off! Back to your Alley-Watch post miss! Shooshoo… little Minx!
Just mix all the ingredients together, place in a baking dish and bake in a hot oven set on 180 Degrees Celsius for around an hour. The top should be golden! Rest for about 15 to 20 minutes before serving. It sets and can be cut better.