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Washington DC Real Estate News
WashREIT Is Transforming Its Portfolio, But 1 Analyst Is Skeptical
Washington DC Capital Markets View count:
Washington DC Capital Markets
July 3, 2019 Jon Banister, Bisnow Washington, D.C.
One of the largest REITs in the D.C. area is embarking on a significant transformation of its portfolio, but at least one analyst thinks it may not be the best course of action.
Bisnow/Jon Banister
Morning Calm Management's Mukang Cho and WashREIT's Andrew Leahy at a 2018 Bisnow event
WashREIT last week announced it is selling eight retail properties in Maryland and Virginia totaling 1.6M SF in two separate deals that will help fund the acquisition of 2,113 suburban Class-B apartments it announced in April.
The deals will significantly change the makeup of WashREIT's portfolio. Prior to the deals, it had 28% of its net operating income in multifamily and 22% in retail, with the remainder in office. Following the deals, it will have 45% of NOI in multifamily and just 6% in retail.
"These sales were a part of our ongoing transformation of the organization," WashREIT Vice President of Investments Andrew Leahy told Bisnow. "Over time we've simplified the story going from having six asset classes not long ago, now our long-term strategy is really focusing on value-add multifamily and Class-B office."
The Bradlee Center retail property in Alexandria, one of the shopping centers WashREIT is selling
One of the retail sales, a five-property portfolio totaling 800K SF, will generate $485M. WashREIT did not disclose the price for the second sale, which includes three power centers totaling 850K SF, but it said the estimated cap rate for the two sales comes to 6.2%.
Green Street Advisors analyst Daniel Ismail, who covers WashREIT, said the deals make sense because today's market values apartments better than retail properties. But he thinks it would have been smarter to only sell the retail without using the proceeds for multifamily.
"We would argue selling these assets and shrinking the company would have been better capital allocation," Ismail said. "Given that their stock trades a good 15% below where we thinks its [net asset value] is, generally that's a signal that selling assets and shrinking the company is a preferred capital allocation move."
WashREIT sees significant growth potential in the value-add suburban office properties it is acquiring, Leahy said. In addition to the $461M portfolio acquisition it announced in April, WashREIT also said last week it is under contract to buy a $70M value-add multifamily property.
With the deals, its multifamily portfolio will consist of 90% value-add, Class-B apartments in D.C., Maryland and Virginia, with just 10% in the Class-A segment.
Courtesy of WashREIT
The Point at McNair Farms community in Herndon, one of the properties WashREIT acquired
Because much of the region's new development consists of high-end Class-A apartments and it can be difficult to build new affordable properties, Leahy said there is a significant advantage to owning Class-B apartments. He said there is enough demand for Class-B apartments and a large enough rent gap between them and the Class-A segment that WashREIT can renovate the properties and raise rents to achieve revenue growth.
"We see a disconnect on affordability where you have potential renters who don't have the ability to acquire a home in that area and may not have the ability to stay closer into the urban core and afford the rental rates there," Leahy said. "You've got folks who are desirous of good schools and want to be in suburban communities but need a quality, Class-B product they can afford."
WashREIT is building new apartments on some of the properties it acquired that were able to support additional density. After its 2015 acquisition of The Wellington, a 711-unit Columbia Pike apartment complex, WashREIT began construction on a new 401-unit building on the property that it expects to deliver in Q4.
It also acquired Alexandria's 1,222-unit Riverside apartments in 2016 and unveiled plans to add 550 units to the property.
"The Wellington and Riverside are great examples of how we think we can play D.C. differently," Leahy said. "Due to the fact we have strong in-house development expertise, we can take advantage of opportunities like that."
He said building additional density was not part of the calculation for its latest apartment portfolio acquisition, but having the capability to do so in the future gives WashREIT a competitive advantage. WashREIT does envision redeveloping some of the remaining retail assets in its portfolio, he said.
Following the latest portfolio sale, WashREIT will own eight retail properties in the region, including shopping centers in Chevy Chase, Alexandria, Springfield, Takoma Park and Rockville. He said it doesn't have immediate plans to sell those properties and is exploring opportunities to redevelop the assets.
"They are interesting opportunities for us in terms of value creation and potential redevelopment," Leahy said. "That's why we decided to hold onto those."
Green Street's Ismail said he thinks it would be a better strategy for WashREIT to sell its remaining retail assets rather than pursue development opportunities. He said the REIT's stock trading below net asset value, the same reason he did not think it should pursue acquisitions, also gives it a cost of capital disadvantage for development.
"Certain developments can look attractive on an individual project basis, but once you factor in the cost of capital disadvantage, that would lower the attractiveness of the development," Ismail said. "Unless these were really home run redevelopments, there's a pretty large hurdle for external growth whether it be development or acquisition given where the stock is trading."
Contact Jon Banister at jon.banister@bisnow.com
Related Topics: REIT, Alexandria, Rockville, Chevy Chase, Takoma Park, Green Street Advisors, Columbia Pike, WashREIT
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Top > 岡山医学会雑誌 > 71巻 - 9-2号
Journal of Okayama Medical Association
Published by Okayama Medical Association
<Availability>
Full-text articles are available 3 years after publication.
Permalink : http://eprints.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/41159
犬肝臓の細胞内顆粒からのin vitro Histamine遊離に関する研究
秦泉寺 圭 岡山大学医学部薬理学教室
71_6173.pdf 975 KB
In vitro histamine release from intracellular large granules of the dog liver was determined and compared with that from the chopped tissue. The histamine release from the large granules depended on the concentration, duration of action, temperature and pH of histamine liberators. Histamine was released by all the liberators tested even at 0°C less than at 37°C. The action of basic liberators such as sinomenine increased with increasing alkalinity of medium. Dibucaine hydrochloride, decylamine hydrochloride, HgCl(2), quinine hydrochloride and tutocaine hydrochloride at pH 7-8 and 6mM concentration released over 50 per cent of histamine from the large granules. Under the same conditions ethylmorphine hydrochloride, toluidine blue, procaine hydrochloride, saponin (0.1 per cent), tropacocaine hydrochloride, sodium cholate, Compound 48/80 (0.1 per cent), sinomenine hydrochloride, Tween 20 (0.2 per cent), cocaine hydrochloride and xylocaine hydrochloride revealed the histamine liberating action in the descending order named. Histamine release from the granules by these substances was larger in variable degrees as compared with that from the chopped tissue. Sodium salicylate inhibited the release from the granules and chopped liver by other substances, while diphenhydamine and guaiazulen did not reveal such an inhibitory action but rather accelerated the release though slightly. The histamine release from the chopped tissue by sinomenine and decylamine was inhibited by uranil nitrate, but it was not the same from the large granules. The lack of oxygen accelerated the histamine release by decylamine from both the granules and chopped tissues, but did not reveal any significant effect on the action of other liberators. In in vitro anaphylaxis histamine release occurred in the chopped tissue but not in the granules. As far as basic liberators are concerned, there seemed to be some correlation between the histamine release ability and the heparin combining power. However, the surface activity or the hemolytic power of liberators and the histamine release ability was not to be necessarily in parallel with each other in degree. Interpreting the intracellular large granules as the granules of mast cells and in the light of the above findings the author discussed the respective mode of action of the liberators on mast cells and on their granules.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Eternity Visible
The New Antique
Written by The New Antique September 1, 2018 September 1, 2018
James Garfield — An American Tragedy
While I would not be the first author to notice that the United States has fallen on hard times, there is still little consensus concerning a historical timeline for the emerging "decline and fall" narrative. Some mainstream circles have, rather suddenly, opened up to the possibility of such a narrative after the election of Donald Trump. On the other hand, the prominent declinist Morris Berman marks the landslide victory of Ronald Reagan over Jimmy Carter as a major inflection point in modern history. This was the moment when America decidedly chose the life of gaudy consumerism over intellectual and moral substance.
All this aside, it is remarkable that we are simply having this quiet dialogue over national failure, a subject previously relegated to the fringes. In this discourse, the right wing hopes to "make America great again" through a conservative political renovation, and the left wing retorts that America was maybe actually never that great. Without taking the sloganeering of politicians too seriously, suffice it to say that this popular conversation largely focuses on America's rise and decline as a world power since World War II. The present is contrasted with the relatively stable, secure industrial society of the 50s and 60s, which both conservatives and liberals find admirable for different reasons.
Stepping back from the familiar rhetoric of contemporary journalism, I want to examine an event in American history that seems quite surreal, and yet still seems very relevant in today's social atmosphere. The assassination of President James A. Garfield was a truly remarkable event, a singular occurrence that satisfies the classicist's desire for myth as well as the journalist's taste for contemporary analogies.
James A. Garfield was never supposed to become president. Born into very humble circumstances in eastern Ohio, his early biography reads more like that of somebody expected to become a country farmer and school teacher. As the last president to be born into a log cabin, his biography carries some of the charms of a simpler world into the industrial and commercial explosion of the Gilded Age. He distinguished himself as a student of Latin and Greek while attending very unassuming western educational institutions such as the Geauga Academy and Hiram College, which today still boasts only around 1,000 students.
If these qualifications weren't enough to qualify Garfield as a bona fide legend of American classics, consider that he began teaching Latin and Greek while still a student at Hiram, a position to which he has promoted from his original student job as a janitor. Just to make the story a little sweeter, he meets his future wife Lucretia Rudolph as a classics student. She would later become the only American first lady to share a name with an Epicurean philosopher.
James Garfield, student, janitor, professor of Classics, and future president of the United States at age 16
Garfield then extended his education out east, and eventually graduated from Williams College in Massachusetts. While there, he supported himself by teaching penmanship (!), and was later made president of Hiram College when he returned to Ohio. He also became more politically aware after becoming familiar with the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts. After taking the bar exam, he became active in the Republican Party in Ohio, and was elected as a state senator.
Without any prior military training, Garfield then participates in the Civil War as a Brigadier General. As he becomes a national political figure as a representative and then later a senator, he also produces a new proof of the Pythagorean theorem. In spite of all these testaments to his intellectual prowess, the story that he could write at once in Latin and Greek with two different hands is likely apocryphal, though he was notably ambidextrous.
After starting his first term as a senator, Garfield is nominated for the presidency in a fluky compromise at the 1880 Republican Convention. Upon winning and assuming office, the accidental president undertook the thankless task of reforming patronage in the civil service. A compromise candidate in a system that has been suffering from gridlock since the end of the Civil War, Garfield engaged in managerial projects, including reforming the Post Office, as well as more ambitious initiatives, such as establishing a federal educational system for all citizens, including African-Americans.
On July 2, 1881, James Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau, a derelict dabbler in theology, free love, and Republican Party politics who had been harassing the Garfield administration for an appointment to a consulship in Paris. He believed was divinely inspired in shooting Garfield, who had unjustly denied him this position.
Garfield does not immediately die, and his wounds are treated without any concern for infection, as the American scientific community did not yet accept the germ theory of disease, articulated in Europe by doctor Joseph Lister. Some sources also note that Garfield's doctor, Dr. Doctor Bliss (his actual first name), was a man of great professional vanity, and may have restricted the search for the bullet lodged within Garfield to only the right side of his body, fearing that his earlier pronouncement of its location may be contradicted if it were found on its left side.
Finally, Alexander Graham Bell also joins the committee to save Garfield, bringing an early metal detector to find the bullet. This effort was confused by the presence of metal springs in Garfield's bed, which were rare at the time. The old Ohio country boy would be let down by the STEM professionals of his day.
After losing over 100 pounds in the course of his medical treatment, James Garfield died after a summer of agony on September 18, 1881. Though Guiteau pled insanity, he was executed for the murder of the President in January of the following year.
By way of contrast, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln is not terribly difficult to comprehend in historical context — it was the final death of an incredibly bloody war, and John Wilkes Booth had a very clear political motive. But the assassination of Garfield is very disquieting because it seems extremely contemporary. It has become something of a cottage industry to speculate on the motives of mass shooters in the United States, and we typically discover an incoherent mix of half-articulated motives.
We can engage in the same speculation about Guiteau. His personal desire for a diplomatic post does not seem like a sufficient explanation for his actions, which seem tied to a more general psychotic breakdown. His trial was full of grandiose claims and long rants. In a very striking contrast, Garfield, sound of mind and simple in purpose, was the victim of another man's insanity.
Yet, in spite of this, the two men's lives are in some ways very similar. Just as Garfield found himself in a thoroughly unexpected position of prominence by advancing through the Republican Party ranks, so did Guiteau imagine (in a rather more narcissistic way) that he could raise himself above the anonymous mob by his party affiliation. But if Garfield had expected the fate he eventually found, he would have also been regarded as somewhat crazy. As in most great tragedies, the line dividing the participants is thinner than we may otherwise suspect.
At a more subtle level, the two men shared a strong sense of the historical significance of their lives. On the date of his death, Garfield is reported to have asked his friend A.F. Rockwell if he would have a place in history. Guiteau was also concerned with his mark on our memory, and at least in part viewed the assassination as a way of promoting his book The Truth, which echoed the viewpoints of theologian and utopian socialist John Humphrey Noyes.
Though Garfield was never so eccentric in his views, he was also very animated by religious ideals, taking time to preach through the South during the Civil War. The two seemed to have had an uncanny familiarity with metaphysical and historical worlds in which they would persist after their death, looking to the pages of a future biography or a new religious conception to overcome the nihilism of the new machine world. As Nietzsche was suggesting at the same time in Europe, they stared into a senseless abyss marked by a particularly mad kind of violence, and found themselves in a cosmic-historical drama.
This is a uniquely American tableau, a tragedy of democracy and ambition and the wayward spiritual longing for a place in secular history. At this moment in history, Garfield seems to be the ultimate personification of the Horatio Alger myth, a story of hard work and earnest ambition handsomely rewarded. Yet we also see the same myth gone wrong in Guiteau's psychotic conviction in his own ambition, in his refusal to accept or understand why he shouldn't be rewarded with a government post in France without any serious diplomatic experience.
In an eerily convenient mythology, this is the story of two men at the dawn of the modern world: one who found an unlikely home from a frontier and another who found himself banging on the doors outside. In an oft repeated detail of his character, Garfield was in the habit of giving bear hugs to his intimate associates and never seemed to make a real enemy, while Guiteau was little more than an unwanted pest to the political machine, rebuffed at every turn, though he believed he was vital in his own megalomania. You can almost feel Guiteau losing his mammalian qualities in his mad alienation, becoming the modern human-insect Kafka will describe.
Perhaps their lives may have been mutually improved if they had stepped out of their spheres to have a conversation with each other, but this is not possible in the new Rome, in which an acquired (and largely necessary) indifference is the mark of a patrician and desperate ambition animates the insecure plebeian.
And perhaps this thought is far too idealistic, and they should have had nothing to do with each other, but this is also impossible, and the suggestion only serves to emphasize the artificiality of their relationship. Garfield and Guiteau both found themselves participating in a rather alien political process, a process so distorted that Guiteau thinks that he is somehow owed intimate personal favors by an almost complete stranger.
The machine system made a winner of the one who seemed more at home reading Greek, and a loser out of the one with untamed ambition. Yet this strange game was the only game in town. What could we expect but madness?
It's a tragedy still playing out today. From a stated starting point of human rights and equality, we end in the spectacle of citizens randomly gunning each other down. From the responsible career path of going to school to be an orthodontist, we end in a million dollars of lifetime debt. From auspicious beginnings we get macabre, absurd social results, whose lack of any clear solution saps our very belief in our own efficacy.
It is one thing to be arrogant, imperious, and full of hubris; this much we certainly share with the Romans. But there is something worse in the American experience (the modern experience), something epitomized in the Garfield story. There comes a point where a society can't make sense of itself, where there is a huge gulf between the system's internal logic and the results it produces. At this point, the republic doesn't collapse because Brutus and Caesar and Marc Antony are willing to kill each other to implement their vision of society; that is much too straightforward.
Instead, Charles Guiteau and his descendants decide they've had enough of being a hero in their own minds, of being a nobody in a society that tells them that they deserve to have it all, and they decide to spread their madness to all of us, making us clutch in pain as we wonder how someone could do something so senseless.
Remember James Garfield, surely the last American president to have committed much of the Aeneid to memory. The medical technology of the 20th century came just a bit too late for him, but we can ensure he lives on nonetheless. Perhaps it is only a romantic notion on my part, but I believe he would offer us some wise counsel.
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Tag Archives: Jared Diamond
Book: Questioning Collapse
July 13, 2013 Books, Non-Fiction2 stars, anthropology, Australia, book, book review, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Easter Island, Guns Germs and Steel, human history, Jared Diamond, non-fiction, rebuttal, South AmericaJames Kennedy
Grandiose, obsessive, delusional criticisms of Jared Diamond.
Questioning Collapse is a direct rebuttal to Jared Diamond's epic anthropological book titled Collapse (I reviewed that book here). In the preface, Questioning Collapse aims to improve on Collapse by being optimistic and easy-to-read, while at the same time retaining academic credibility. It also claims to correct some of Jared Diamond's professional "mistakes".
Unfortunately, Questioning Collapse didn't need to be written. Collapse was a rare display of academic content written in very readable prose, and absolutely no improvement was needed. Jared Diamond also made it explicitly clear when he was making speculations, and there was therefore no need to "correct his mistakes"! These authors tried too hard to overstep the legendary Jared Diamond and failed.
Questioning Collapse is an edited book (i.e. each auth). Like most edited books, the chapters don't quite fit together. There's no consistency from beginning to end and the different authors sometimes repeat each other unnecessarily. Questioning Collapse isn't even a pleasure to read. Despite its wanting to be 'optimistic', it spends more time deriding Jared Diamond than building on Collapse.
I'd like to see this book re-written in a positive tone and re-titled, "Collapse: a follow-up study" or "Collapse: recent developments".
What bothers me most is that the authors of Questioning Collapse put lengthy, illustrated biographies in highlighted boxes at the end of each chapter. Why? It seems that this book isn't about improving on Collapse at all—it was just a platform for a dozen or so scientists less successful than Jared Diamond to try and boost their careers. ★★
Book: Collapse (jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com)
Book: The Future Eaters (jameskennedymonash.wordpress.com)
Jared Diamond (sourcewatch.org)
Jared Diamond: Why Societies Collapse (ritholtz.com)
A Genetic Look at "Guns, Germs and Steel" (23andme.com)
The Jared Diamond Wars Are on Again! (delong.typepad.com)
Book: The Future Eaters
June 8, 2013 Books, Non-Fiction4 stars, Aboriginal, Aboriginals, Australia, book, book review, climate change, geography, geology, history, human history, Indigenous Australians, Jared Diamond, tectonic plates, The Weather Makers, Tim FlanneryJames Kennedy
Australian history in three stages: Geology, Aboriginals, Europeans.
432 pages, ★★★★
The Future Eaters is written in three parts: (1) the geological formation of the Australian continent; (2) the arrival of Aboriginals; and (3) the arrival of Europeans.
Part one is a geological history of the Australian continent. In short, Australia was a unique, vast, climatically stable continent. Australia had no ice ages, little climate change and no human influence, so its plants and animals evolved to be enormous and easy to catch, such as the moa (see picture below). Author Tim Flannery says that Australia's impressive diversity of animal and plant species can be explained almost entirely by (a) millions of years of climatic stability; and (b) lack of humans.
Moa (giant birds) prevalent in Australia before the arrival of humans 40,000 years ago.
Parts two and three talk about the Aboriginals and Europeans who arrived 40,000 and 300 years ago, respectively. These two parts are faster-paced and are by far the most interesting to read.
In terms of tone, The Future Eaters is hit-and-miss. Towards ancient Aboriginals, it's sometimes flattering and sometimes accuses them of ecological recklessness. In some places, it's wordy and long-winded, while in others, it's extremely interesting and concise. I've summarised the three most interesting parts below.
1. Aboriginals loved fire. They burned forests to such an extent that early European explorers described Australia as the "land of fire". Women and children started most of the fires. However, the medium-sized Aboriginal fires prevented the massive fires that would have occurred periodically anyway, and researchers predict that the result was no net increase in the annual acreage burned!
2. Australia's animals have become smaller in the last 40,000 years. Aboriginals hunted the largest animals for food, and put an evolutionary pressure that selected for smaller, faster, and more nimble offspring. Kangaroos, koalas, lizards… everything except the wombat has shrunk considerably in size in the last 40,000 years. Even the Aboriginals themselves have shrunk by 9% since they arrived!
3. Terra nullius was a law that gave all "unused" land to the British. Because the first British settlers couldn't recognise any "use" of the land (i.e. agriculture), they stole Aboriginal land claiming terra nullius as a justification. (The Aboriginals were of course using the land, but not for agriculture—as it was not required.) This law was only repealed in 1993 in Australia.
Author Tim Flannery is clearly a fan of Jared Diamond—he mentions him four times in this book.
"Jared Diamond is one of the world's greatest living scientists" — Tim Flannery
I hope that Tim Flannery realises The Future Eaters is almost as information-rich as Collapse by Jared Diamond, which I reviewed two days ago. (Despite the title, I also found The Future Eaters less pessimistic than Collapse, which, taken together, earns these books the same 4 star rating.)
This book was extremely wordy in places but that didn't stop me from enjoying it. I recommend this book for anyone with an interest in natural history, anthropology and Australia—or anyone in Australia who likes Jared Diamond. Keep reading The Future Eaters even when it seems slow. It's worth it! ★★★★
Book: Collapse
June 6, 2013 Books, Non-Fiction3 stars, anthropology, Australia, book, book review, China, Collapse, environment, future, geography, Guns Germs and Steel, history, human beings, human geography, human history, Jared Diamond, Naomi Klein, non-fictionJames Kennedy
Highly educational but disappointingly pessimistic.
608 pages, ★★★
Author Jared Diamond is a genius. His books are so crammed with information that one reviewer humorously remarked:
"Jared Diamond" is suspected of actually being the pseudonym for a committee of experts.
I like to read his books slowly to catch his every last detail and jot it down. That, plus the university assignments I've been writing recently, explain why I've been slow to review books in the last month. I only did six in May!
I have more time to review books now, and I've even started reviewing fantasy novels on another blog. They'll all be reposted here, too. The first and second fantasy reviews I wrote are already online on this blog.
Collapse complements Guns, Germs and Steel very well. Guns, Germs and Steel documents the rise of civilisations and explains their strengths. Why did Europe suddenly grow strong? Why did China stop developing? Why did Africa not colonise overseas territories, whereas many European countries did?
For the most part, Collapse discusses the rise, maintenance and fall of the following societies:
(3 islands)
(3 more islands and Japan)
Haiti/Dominican Republic comparison
Rwanda (just the 'fall' in this case)
Each story is fascinating and full of repeatable facts. Each chapter begins with Jared Diamond arriving on scene by aeroplane, describing his birds-eye view of the landscape and his first impressions of the country. Little emphasis is placed on the collapse of these societies—these chapters are more like comprehensive, condensed histories than a series of tragic endings. I enjoyed reading these chapters.
Chapters 12 and 13 are the most interesting. They attempt to explain the ongoing successes of China and Australia. I'm familiar with both countries and didn't learn much here, but an outsider would find these chapters valuable resources. Both chapters are extremely fact-dense and concise.
Jared Diamond then describes four factors that spell a civilisation's demise:
Environmental degradation;
Not being aware of environmental degradation;
Doing nothing about environmental degradation;
Short-term outlook (he calls it, ISEP, which stands for, "it's someone else's problem").
The book becomes increasingly negative from this point on.
The ending to Collapse paints a very grim view of basically all human activity. Take this phrase, for example, from chapter 15, titled, "Roadmap to Failure": "…we face a future with which we are unhappy, beset by more chronic terrorism, wars, disease outbreaks…"
…He's wrong! Unhappiness, terrorism, war and disease outbreaks have all declined massively in the last 100 years. Collapse is for the most part a highly scientific book, but he overlooked the statistics at the end and concluded with negative, speculative spin. Chapter 15 sounds like it was written by the anti-consumerist warlord Naomi Klein. (Another book on my reading list, Questioning Collapse, attempts to address this issue.)
Just like the societies it describes, this book rose, maintained itself well, but collapsed tragically at the end. It's needlessly negative. Read it, but don't take its conclusions to heart. I recommend this book for anyone who enjoys reading purely to learn. ★★★
Book: Guns, Germs and Steel
May 15, 2013 Books, Non-Fiction5 stars, Anna Karenina principle, anthropology, book, book review, Domestication, Guns Germs and Steel, human history, Jared DiamondJames Kennedy
460 pages, ★★★★★
Guns, Germs and Steel does three things:
It counteracts the misconception that "since the fifteenth century, enlightened Europeans have colonised simplistic New World natives". Author Jared Diamond demonstrates how stronger societies have colonised weaker societies for all of human history, not just in the last 500 years.
It counteracts the idea that "European society was advanced compared to the rest of the world because European people were more intelligent". The author states that people worldwide are of roughly the same intelligence—so something else must have accounted for the developmental disparity among cultures pre-globalisation (i.e. before 1500).
It reasserts the idea that China is a unique place that tends to buck the trends of world history, usually to its own benefit.
Some notes I made on this book are listed below.
Why farm?
Nutrition decreases.
Risk of starvation decreases.
Settlements, villages and towns are built.
No need to carry babies when migrating, so birth rate increases.
Population increases.
Food production originated in four main places:
Iran/Iraq
Mexico/Andes
African Sahel
We domesticated plants that were:
Self-propagating
Easy to modify/breed selectively (this depends on their genetics)
Not sought after in huge numbers by animals (squirrels prevented us from cultivating acorns)
Humans first domesticated animals with the following characteristics:
Herbivores—carnivores are too expensive to feed;
Fast-growing;
Safe—poses no threat to humans, even in large numbers;
Timid—pose no threat to each other;
Willing to breed in captivity—even today, cheetahs can't be tamed for this reason;
Have a social hierarchy that features subservience—they obey humans
Anna Karenina Principle: "all families are the same; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way". Author Jared Diamond applies this logic to animal domestication (all undomesticated animals, such as cheetahs, giraffes and llamas were unsuitable in varying ways).
Why was Europe so advanced by the year 1500?
Its East-West axis is easy to populate with humans, animals and crops. Most other continents have a North-South axis.
Its native domesticable crops had a high protein content.
Europe has no "severe ecological barriers" such as deserts, isthmi or impassable mountain ranges.
Agriculture led to: food surplus, high population density, government, technology and the spread of germs. These all proved useful when conquering overseas territory.
There is still some debate as to whether idea diffusion (slow) or blueprint copying (quick) allowed for the spread of pyramids, wheels, gunpowder and the atomic bomb.
There are no geniuses in history. Author Jared Diamond called statements such as "X invented Y in year Z" a "fallacy". All great inventions (the example of the steam engine is detailed in this book) were built upon long chains of previous ideas that spanned long periods of time.
Both East and West are resistant to innovation. QWERTY keyboards were designed to slow typists down as not to jam old typewriters. Transistors were not adopted because of vested interests in vacuum tubes.
What makes societies welcome innovation?
Labour shortage—search for technological solutions
Patents reward innovation
Technological training provides people with the means to innovate
Capital investment structures invest in start-ups
What personality traits in a society make people welcome innovation?
Individualism—personally, I question this one.
Risk-taking behaviour
Scientific outlook
Tolerance of diverse views
Religion must support technology—or it will not be adopted
States are inevitable in the long-run and arise from the following factors:
Aristotle: "states are a natural condition of human society". Too vague.
Rosseau: "states are a social contract". Not always true.
Hydraulic theory: "complex systems (e.g. irrigation) require states to manage and maintain them".
Jared Diamond prefers number 3, Hydraulic theory, then suggests two more factors:
Food production (1) requires division of labour, which needs to be decided; (2) creates a food surplus, which needs to be managed; and (3) gives some people sedentary jobs, which require being allocated in some way.
Population expansion beyond a few hundred people makes most people strangers rather than friends. Large populations thus need some fraction of society to be responsible for maintaining social order. Author Jared Diamond suggests that any large population without a state would have quickly collapsed into anarchy (or formed a state).
Of bands, tribes, chiefdoms and states (human population groups in increasing order of size), only chiefdoms and states can justify kleptocracy.
Kleptocracy needs to (author says, "it is in the interests of a kleptocracy to…"):
Disarm the populace and arm the ruling élite;
Redistribute wealth in popular ways;
Promote happiness;
Promote an ideology or religion that justifies kleptocracy. The author notes that governance ideology can be as strong (or stronger) than technology in giving power to states. Mao's China and the Mtetwa Chiefdom are two technologically-weak, ideologically-strong states.
What helped unify China?
Large East-West rivers helped East-West expansion
China is wider than it is tall (that's the East-West thing again)
No major deserts/mountain ranges/isthmi in the middle
Graphic writing system allowed for the unification of different spoken dialects—the author doesn't mention this in Guns, Germs and Steel but has mentioned it elsewhere.
Most amazingly, Taiwanese explorers colonised both Polynesia and Madagascar! Evidence includes:
Ta-p'en-k'eng pottery & stone tools, originally from Taiwan, which reached Polynesian islands at different dates;
Canoe design, which evolved from island to island.
Four crucial technologies for the advancement of society:
Germs—endemic germs weaken any enemies upon contact;
Metallurgy—copper then bronze then iron;
Military technology—including animals and military philosophy;
Machinery—wagons, ploughs;
Wheels—transport, power;
Seafaring—ships, navigation systems;
Writing—allows for the last point, which is:
Political organisation—allows for large projects via pooling of capital.
Back to the point about "there are no geniuses in history", the author states that Alexander the Great, Augustus, Buddha, Christ, Lenin, Martin Luther King, Pachacuti, Mohammed, William the Conqueror, Shaka (and I'll add Confucius, echoing Roger Ames' example) weren't single-handed geniuses. They just described/personified trend that was already underway. In other words, Confucius didn't invent Confucianism!
What's missing from this book is:
How crops shaped religion (rice: collective work; wheat: exaggerated gender differences; fish: superstition).
Jared Diamond's conclusion:
History is a science;
Historians can predict large trends but not the minute details;
The three conclusions I wrote at the top of this post.
I recommend this book for everyone. A perfect sequel to this book is Collapse by the same author. My review of Collapse is also coming soon. ★★★★★
Mini-Book Review: Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond (luabi.wordpress.com)
Spring Break Reads: We Recommend… (cgslibrary.wordpress.com)
History: Big domestic mammals revolutionized human society by becoming our main means of land transportation (rogercostello.wordpress.com)
Mankind's journey from hunter-gatherers to coins as the instrument for doing commerce (rogercostello.wordpress.com)


Towards the end of June our Year 6 boys cricket team went off to the finals of the Warwickshire Qwik Cricket competition at Portland Road in Edgbaston. In the initial round the team returned to school victorious with medals for 1st place but this time the competition was much tougher. Even so, out of 9 teams they eventually came fourth, but more importantly they had a fantastic day showing off their batting, bowling and fielding skills.
Why not have a closer look by clicking on the thumbnail photos below !


Branch CR22325 has been created by abv.
The patch overlaps with tested #0026823 - it is better to rebase it.
Branch CR22325 has been updated forcibly by abv.
Branch CR22325 from occt git-repository (and master from products git-repository) was compiled on Linux, MacOS and Windows platforms and tested on Release mode.
'tmpnam' is deprecated: This function is provided for compatibility reasons only. Due to security concerns inherent in the design of tmpnam(3), it is highly recommended that you use mkstemp(3) instead.
this is not a new warning - it is already registered as 0026179.
It should be probably subject for dedicated bug.
Branch CR22325 has been deleted by kgv.


I just got back from a four-day visit to the Fouta Djallon, Guinea's central plateau region. This was a work trip, my first since a thorough tour of Guinea's bauxite mines back in July. These trips can be a little exhausting - long hours on rough roads and nights spent in hotels that may lack running water or electricity or both - but I enjoy the chance to get out of Conakry and see some more of the country I'm living in and supposed to be an expert on. The Fouta was lovely, all beautiful hills and plains and cool enough this time of year to break out a sweatshirt in the mornings, a rarity for Guinea. The people were very friendly, the food was excellent, and I had a very nice time.
However, one thing about these upcountry trips that I find just unspeakably weird is that when I go to Labe or Pita or Timbi Madina or another town or village in Guinea on official business I am suddenly an Important Person. I am not accustomed to being Important. In everyday life I tend to be something of a wallflower, and in my job in Conakry I play a minor supporting role while the ambassador takes center stage. But in these smaller towns in the interior my presence is a big deal, an occasion for photographs and reporters and ceremonial dinners and such. It feels very strange, being Important, and I'm not terribly comfortable with it yet.
It's a tricky thing, learning to stop being me for a moment, or at least learning to be me and THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA at the same time. I don't think I'm very good at it yet, but I guess that's part of the reason I get to go on these trips, to practice. Any gaffes I may happen to commit in Pita or Labe are unlikely to do much damage in the grand scheme of things and will help train me up, so if I am one day called upon to be THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA on a somewhat larger stage I'll be able to do the job creditably. I hope.


text:
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Gov. Jim Justice speaks at a recent press conference.
Gov. Jim Justice holds a meeting with Division of Highways district engineers and county supervisors.
Staff photo by Jake Jarvis
Division of Highways employees are shown working in Preston County following Gov. Justice's directive.
Courtesy of the WV Department of Transportation
Construction industry officials say Gov. Jim Justice's "Roads to Prosperity" campaign has resulted in higher levels of employment in West Virginia.
Staff photo by Charles Young
Exit 99 off Interstate 79 in Lewis County will see several improvements to its southbound exit ramps in a two-year project slated to start later this year. It is one of many projects being funded with help from money borrowed through Gov. Jim Justice's "Roads to Prosperity" initiative.
Staff file photo by Joe Genco
Staff photo by Joe Genco
The Notre Dame arch bridge in Clarksburg will be replaced this year. It is one of many projects being funded with help from money borrowed through Gov. Jim Justice's "Roads to Prosperity" initiative.
Shown are before-and-after photographs of Union Ridge in Cabell County, one of the roads already paved under Gov. Jim Justice's "Roads to Prosperity" program.
Photo courtesy West Virginia Division of Highways
Old Oakvale Road in Mercer County is among 700 miles of backroads repaved so far as part of Gov. Jim Justice's Roads to Prosperity construction program.
Roads to prosperity or roads to nowhere
In the movie "Field of Dreams," the character Ray, played by Kevin Costner, hears a voice say, "Build it, he will come. ... If you build it, they will come."
You have to wonder if Gov. Jim Justice doesn't hear a similar voice as he tries to get some sleep at night.
As in: "Build the roads Jim, they will come."
Or: "Fix the d- — roads Jim, people might stay."
By now, we all know West Virginia's highway system is in disarray, torn by years of neglect and decision-making that can only leave us scratching our heads as we dodge the ever-growing number of potholes.
But Gov. Justice has vowed to get the roads fixed, as well as build new ones paid for by proceeds from a $1.4 billion in road bonds offering that he personally campaigned for to win support across the state.
To say people are tired of talk would be an understatement. That stage passed months or years ago.
Now other elected officials are talking lawsuits, declaring states of emergency and doing whatever else they have to do to get Gov. Justice's or anyone else's attention.
So far, the governor has dispatched a "Rapid Response Team" to Preston County, site of some of the worst roads in the Mountain State.
By most accounts, the team of 100 workers, some of them local and some brought in from other Division of Highways districts, are making inroads.
It's too early to deem the effort a success, but at least people in Preston County are feeling a little bit better. And at least the state is making an effort.
Which only leaves 54 other counties and thousands of miles of roadways to get to, all in a state that has a declining base of workers who are willing and able to work.
One of those counties nearby to Preston, Monongalia, is home to the state's biggest economy driver, West Virginia University, and the hundreds, if not thousands, of businesses and jobs that flourish because of it.
As NCWV Media Staff Writer Jake Jarvis writes in today's front page story, folks around Morgantown — as well as other parts of the state — are weary of the lack of attention.
"I haven't seen anyone from the governor's office come up here, and that's also something we're very angry about here," Monongalia County Commissioner Tom Bloom said. "We do 20 percent of the gross domestic product of this state, and we don't mind sending our money to Charleston. But we want to be treated fairly, and it's clear we're not right now."
Bloom and other leaders growing inpatient appear to have an ally in Gov. Justice, who called Division of Highway leaders together last week to express his concern and to attempt to point a way forward.
"You see, whether you buy it or don't buy it, you've never met anybody who's (as) impatient as I am," Justice said. "I don't believe in things taking a long time. I don't believe in just studying something and having five more groups just studying, studying, studying. I want stuff done."
Justice has asked each district to prioritize repairs needed and to forward the lists to him. And he is adamant that there is money available both for new roads and needed repairs.
State officials said they've raised about $913 million in revenue for road projects and only committed $236 million to projects under contract.
Gov. Justice wants to use about $80 million to bolster funding for repairs and says that amount drawn to those projects won't affect plans for new roads.
Detractors of that plan say that voters who supported the bond debt financing during a statewide election believed they were voting to support new roads.
They argue that the state's gasoline tax and increases in Department of Motor Vehicle fees, as well as other revenue sources, should generate enough to fix the roads.
And they fear that if state officials look toward road bond revenue for repairs, new projects won't take place.
All of these are legitimate concerns — ones that need addressed by Gov. Justice sooner, rather than later.
To this point, plans have been lacking details — or at the least, those details aren't being disclosed. Neither scenario is promising when it comes to instilling much hope for better solutions.
By most accounts, there is enough revenue to fix the roads. In fact, most districts didn't come close to spending all the money budgeted for road repairs and maintenance.
Some say that goes back to a lack of manpower, which may be the main problem. But in the interim, Justice must find leadership in the Department of Transportation that will make the most of the situation.
Division of Highways personnel must be directed to attack the most dangerous roadways first and, as workers are available, the governor's "Rapid Response Team" concept may be able to provide more timely relief.
One thing's certain: Wait too much longer and not only will no one want to come to the Mountain State, but even more will choose to leave.
It's time to build. It's time to repair. It's time to move forward.
Participants in Harrison County, WV, 4-H Clover Bud Day Camp prepare for learning activity
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text:
package org.jetbrains.plugins.textmate.regex;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

public class RegexFacadeTest {
  @Test
  public void matching() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("[0-9]+");
    StringWithId string = new StringWithId("12:00pm");
    MatchData match = regex.match(string, null);
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(0, 2), match.codePointRange(string.bytes));
  }

  @Test
  public void matchingFromPosition() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("[0-9]+");
    StringWithId string = new StringWithId("12:00pm");
    MatchData match = regex.match(string, 2, null);
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(3, 5), match.codePointRange(string.bytes));
  }

  @Test
  public void matchingWithGroups() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("([0-9]+):([0-9]+)");
    StringWithId string = new StringWithId("12:00pm");
    MatchData match = regex.match(string, null);
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(0, 5), match.codePointRange(string.bytes));
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(0, 2), match.codePointRange(string.bytes, 1));
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(3, 5), match.codePointRange(string.bytes, 2));
  }

  @Test
  public void creatingSearcher() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("[0-9]+");
    byte[] stringBytes = "12:00pm".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    Searcher searcher = regex.searcher(stringBytes);
    List<MatchData> regions = new ArrayList<>();
    while (searcher.search()) {
      regions.add(searcher.getCurrentMatchData());
    }
    assertEquals(2, regions.size());
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(0, 2), regions.get(0).codePointRange(stringBytes));
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(3, 5), regions.get(1).codePointRange(stringBytes));
  }

  @Test
  public void cyrillicMatchingSinceIndex() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("мир");
    String text = "привет, мир; привет, мир!";
    StringWithId string = new StringWithId(text);
    MatchData match = regex.match(string, RegexUtil.byteOffsetByCharOffset(text, 9), null);
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(21, 24), match.codePointRange(string.bytes));
  }

  @Test
  public void cyrillicMatching() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("мир");
    StringWithId string = new StringWithId("привет, мир!");
    MatchData match = regex.match(string, null);
    assertEquals(new TextMateRange(8, 11), match.codePointRange(string.bytes));
  }

  @Test
  public void unicodeMatching() {
    RegexFacade regex = RegexFacade.regex("мир");
    //noinspection NonAsciiCharacters
    String string = "\uD83D\uDEA7\uD83D\uDEA7\uD83D\uDEA7 привет, мир!";
    StringWithId stringWithId = new StringWithId(string);
    MatchData match = regex.match(stringWithId, null);
    TextMateRange range = match.charRange(string, stringWithId.bytes);
    assertEquals("мир", string.substring(range.start, range.end));
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Domenico Ambrogi (appelé aussi Domenico degli Ambrogi, Menichino ou encore Menghino del Brizio) (né à Bologne, dans les États pontificaux v. 1600 et mort dans cette même ville en 1678) est un peintre baroque du .

Biographie
Domenico Ambrogi, appartient à l'École de peinture de Bologne, élève de Francesco Brizio, Bernardino Baldi et Denis Calvaert.

Il est surtout connu comme décorateur de quadratura.

Gian Antonio Fumiani fut un de ses élèves.

Œuvres

Sources

Liens externes

Naissance à Bologne
Peintre italien du XVIIe siècle
Peintre baroque italien
Peintre fresquiste
Peintre de l'école bolonaise
Date de naissance non renseignée (XVIe siècle)
Date de naissance non renseignée (XVIIe siècle)
Décès en 1678

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
define(function (require, exports, module) {

var View = require('./view');
var Model = require('./model');

var TaskToolbar = Backbone.View.extend({

    className : 'met-task-toolbar',

    initialize : function () {
        this.el = $(this.el);
        this.render();
    },

    render: function () {

    },

});

return TaskToolbar;

});


Wynn leather sectional sofa is a great modular line. Comfort and design comes together with excellent craftsmanship in this modern piece. It matches any contemporary living room. A large selection of Italian leathers are available.


Here at Lyrical Lemonade, we're always stumbling upon unique talents and fresh new music throughout the endless pages of SoundCloud, and today, we're here to shine a spotlight on the song "Don't Wanna Be Ur Boo" by an artist named asscowboy. Hypnotic in sound and relentlessly catchy in lyricism, this songs holds the kind of charm that will surely attract fans to asscowboy and her unique style. "Don't Wanna Be Ur Boo" values independence and self-worth over anything else, and as a result, it comes across an an anthemic offering that you can throw on repeat, one listen after another. The truth is, asscowboy knows how to entertain with ease, and her latest single is proof. Keep the new song in heavy rotation all weekend long and stay up to date with the latest from asscowboy by following her on social media here!


K.M. Weiland is an author friend who writes historical and speculative fiction as well as helps to mentor other authors. One of her posts, "Top 25 Ways to Write an Awesome Novel," is so awesome in itself that I had to share. So with her permission, I'm re-posting the information here. Make sure to give a shout out to @KMWeiland over at Twitter to say thanks or visit her here.
Millions of words have been strung together on the subject of how to write an awesome book. A book is always going to be a tremendous undertaking that can feel more than a little complicated sometimes. But what if we could simplify the process to just twenty-five ingredients? Last summer, I wrote a post about the Top 25 Ways to Blow a Book. One Wordplayer asked that I also share the Top 25 Ways to Write an Awesome Book. Here they are!
1. Hook readers with a strong first chapter that doesn't waste time.
2. Create a sympathetic and/or entertaining character.
3. Give the character a strong goal.
4. Obstruct the character's goal with equally strong opposition.
5. Create a theme that arises from the character's inner conflict.
6. Craft a strong plot with proper structure.
7. Do your research and get your facts straight.
8. Expunge unnecessary scenes, settings, and characters.
9. Balance action and character with properly structured scene/sequel pairings.
10. Write realistic, entertaining dialogue.
11. Maintain a consistent POV.
12. Create original and entertaining voices for narrating characters.
13. Tighten descriptions with more strong verbs and nouns and fewer modifiers.
14. Show more than you tell.
15. Dig deep for original ideas and turns of phrase.
16. Properly foreshadow your climax—without giving away any big reveals.
17. Build realistic and engaging settings.
18. Add only meaningful subplots.
19. When you build tension—always fulfill it.
20. Create a dynamic arc of growth for your character.
21. Add interesting minor characters who can power the plot forward.
22. Choose the right tone to enhance your plot and theme.
23. Rock readers with a climax that fulfills all their desires for the story.
24. Don't tie off all the loose ends in your story's ending.
So, which point above are you going to focus on first?
Born to be Wild…or Born to Write?


Fam Pract Manag. 1999 Apr;6(4):12.
How should I code administration of a combination hepatitis B and Hemophilus influenza b (HepB-Hib) vaccine?
Use code 90748 for the vaccine plus 90471 for the administration.
How should I bill preoperative physicals that I do for surgeons? Can Medicare deny these charges (i.e., lump payment for them with the surgeon's global fee)?
When, at the surgeon's request, a family physician performs a preoperative evaluation of a patient's fitness for surgery and reports back to the surgeon, the family physician may bill the service as a consultation (codes 99241-99245 if performed in the office). According to CPT, a service qualifies as a consultation when it's "provided by a physician whose opinion or advice regarding evaluation and/or management of a specific problem is requested by another physician or other appropriate source." In this case, the surgeon is requesting the family physician's advice about the patient's fitness for surgery. Note that, according to CPT, you need to document in the patient's record both the request and the need for consultation. Plus, you must document and communicate to the surgeon your opinion and any services you order or perform.
Medicare shouldn't deny payment for a consultation like this provided by a family physician. HCFA has stated that it will recognize such services for separate reimbursement.
Can I code 99455 for a work-related or medical disability evaluation as well as a regular office-visit code (such as 99213) for the same encounter, if it's appropriate?
Yes. Code 99455 is one of three used to report evaluations required for life or disability insurance certificates. According to CPT, if you perform other evaluation and management or procedural services on the same day, you may report codes for those services along with the insurance-evaluation code.
A patient's family member came in for the patient's visit without the patient but with a list of the patient's blood pressure readings. The family member wanted to discuss the patient's condition and medication changes. May I bill Medicare for a visit by the patient even though the patient wasn't physically present?
I would advise against it. Medicare generally assumes that a service billed in a patient's name involves the patient's presence. But you may want to consider billing the family's insurance, since this visit could be construed as a service to the family member as much as to the Medicare patient.
What diagnosis code should I use for a return visit by a patient with diabetes when the visit is related to health promotion, prevention and routine follow-up?
The correct code would be 250.00 or 250.01, depending on whether the diabetes was type 2 or type 1, respectively. These are the codes for diabetes mellitus that is under control and without complications. Your question suggests that you would like to use a code for something other than diabetes (such as a V code). But if diabetes is the condition for which the patient is being seen for follow-up, then a V code would probably be inappropriate.
What code should I use for placement of a Foley catheter for urine collection?
There is an HCPCS code, G0002, for "Office procedure, insertion of temporary indwelling catheter, Foley type (separate procedure)." If your payer doesn't accept HCPCS codes, use an office-visit code (if the service took place in the office) or the code for unlisted urinary procedures (53899).


On October 3, 2013, the greater region of Vienna suffered what was called a "moderate unusual"earthquake. The tremors were at a depth of over 10 kms, and no major damage was noted.
Unusual though it might seem, the greater Vienna region has seen five earthquakes since 1900. For details, visit Earthquake Report.


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text:
Home/News/BBC expands Follow the Food series with special content on feeding the world during the pandemic
EconomyNewsPartner Content
BBC expands Follow the Food series with special content on feeding the world during the pandemic
Staff WriterApril 29, 2020Last Updated: April 29, 2020
BBC Global News has announced a special nine-part series of Follow the Food focusing on the challenges of feeding the world during a global health crisis, which runs weekly on BBC Future from Friday, April 24, 2020.
Sponsored by Corteva Agriscience, the series showcases how farmers, delivery drivers, supermarket workers and others involved in the food chain are using technology and innovation to keep feeding the world during the global Coronavirus pandemic.
Dan Kelly, Commissioning Editor at BBC Global News, said: "During this extraordinary pandemic, millions of people have experienced food shortages for the first time in their lifetime, so it's only natural that audience interest in food production and supply chains has greatly increased. We want to hear the stories from the people on the food frontline, from farm to checkout, as they attempt to overcome extraordinary odds, in order to keep us all fed."
Each week, videos and articles feature a different person on the frontline of the food chain – from Iowa to India. First person accounts from essential workers bring fascinating insights into the daily ingenuity and innovation required to produce and deliver food in the midst of rapidly changing circumstances. The series will also include in-depth features about the new technologies and new business models which have developed in food production in response to the crisis.
Follow the Food hears from a lorry driver transporting perishable foods across Europe's borders, an Indian grain farmer with no-one to harvest the crop, and a Michigan supermarket worker desperate to maintain social distancing at work but determined to help her local community eat.
The first episode visits a miller in Illinois, USA, working around the clock to keep up with demand for flour. With orders in some cases having increased by 5000%, this small, family-run mill has and expanded to bring valuable work to local people who have been left struggling as a result of the US lockdown.
Dana Bolden, Chief Communications Officer at Corteva Agriscience, said: "In these times, we're reminded that food is made possible by many hardworking people. They work tirelessly to develop creative solutions and deploy technology that overcomes the challenges they face daily."
Follow the Food is a TV and digital series showcasing the latest in technological innovation and modern agriculture. Sponsored by Corteva Agriscience, it takes audiences on a journey from field to fork; exploring the ways in which the world's rapidly growing population can be fed, without exhausting the Earth's resources.
Follow the Food: BBC.com/followthefood
Subscribe to our free biweekly email newsletter!
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For current Mining News, visit our African Mining Market website: →


A Lehigh Acres' elementary school dance ended in a panic after an irritant was released in the school's cafeteria where the event was held. One parent said she is going to confront the school district, since it's not the first time pepper spray was released at the school. Other parents said the school did a great job handling the chaos.
Ten kids and three adults were transported to the hospital Friday night after the school says an irritant was discharged in the school cafeteria. The incident happened during a school dance for students and their parents/guardians at G. Weaver Hipps Elementary School in Lehigh Acres.
LCSO, Lehigh Acres Fire control & Rescue District and Fort Myers Fire Department's hazmat were on the scene for hours.
An investigation is underway to determine what the irritant is and how it was released.
Next articleDoes your coffee offer more than just an energy boost?


Western Sydney Wanderers Football Club is aware of the police matter involving former player Mitch Nichols at a Sydney nightclub late last week.
The Club is currently working with Football Federation Australia regarding the matter.
The Western Sydney Wanderers remain totally committed to its anti-drugs stance and will continue to reinforce the club's zero-tolerance message.
While Mitch was released by the club prior to the incident, the player's well-being remains a priority and every support will be offered to him during this time.


Dallas Cowboys train collection sports team logos, action photos. Diesel locomotive lights up! FREE track set, power pack – a $100 value!
This could be the year for the Dallas Cowboys and now you can score exclusive memorabilia before anyone else with a special NFL football express electric train collection, available only from The Bradford Exchange, Hawthorne Village Division.
Proudly sporting the revered Silver and Blue, this NFL football collectible is rollin' into your town with its starting line-up in Issue One featuring an impressive diesel locomotive. You won't "go long" before you receive Issue Two, the coordinating Cowboys engine, which includes a FREE HO gauge track.
Celebrate your favorite team all season long with this officially licensed collectible Dallas Cowboys gift that will delight any fan, especially you! This sleek and classic electric train collection is boldly decorated with the colors and symbols of the Dallas Cowboys plus dramatic, full-color art of your favorite players in action – from the rookies to the tried-and-true veterans!
Every inch of this handcrafted Dallas Cowboys NFL football express electric train set is precision scaled with authentic details – from the solid metal chassis and steel alloy wheels to the passenger train cars that actually light up. Hurry to bring home this unique NFL football collectible for you or give as a treasured football fan gift.


text:
Carriera

Club

Cesena
Nato a Fano (PU), nelle Marche, inizia a giocare a calcio nelle giovanili del , iniziando nel 2006 con i Giovanissimi e rimanendo fino al 2012 con la Primavera. Con i bianconeri esordisce in Serie A alla terzultima del campionato 2011-2012, il 2 maggio 2012, con i romagnoli già retrocessi in Serie B, entrando al 90' della sconfitta casalinga per 1-0 contro l'.

Fano
Nell'estate 2012 va a giocare in prestito nella sua città natale, al , in Lega Pro Seconda Divisione. Debutta il 2 settembre, giocando tutta la partita persa per 6-0 in casa contro l' in campionato. Il 7 ottobre segna il suo primo gol in carriera, quello del 2-1 definitivo al 76' nella sconfitta esterna contro il  in Seconda Divisione. Chiude con 27 presenze e 2 gol, terminando 16º, con conseguente retrocessione in Serie D.

Santarcangelo
La stagione successiva va ancora in prestito, al , sempre in Seconda Divisione. Esordisce il 1º settembre 2013 nel derby romagnolo contro il  in campionato, giocando tutta la gara, persa per 2-1 in rimonta. Segna per la prima volta il 27 ottobre, realizzando il definitivo 2-0 al 50' sul campo della  in Seconda Divisione. Finisce la stagione ottenendo 27 apparizioni e 3 reti, chiudendo 5º, ottenendo la promozione nella Lega Pro unica dell'anno successivo.

Vicenza
Il 27 giugno 2014 passa a titolo definitivo al , in Serie B, in un'operazione che porta anche il classe 1996 Salvatore Maiorana a fare il percorso inverso. Debutta il 10 agosto, nel 1º turno di Coppa Italia, il derby contro il , perso per 2-1, giocando tutti i 90 minuti. Ottiene soltanto un'altra presenza, in campionato, andando via a gennaio.

Prato
Il 4 gennaio 2015 viene ufficializzato il suo passaggio in prestito per 6 mesi al , in Lega Pro. Gioca la prima gara appena due giorni dopo, il 6 gennaio, quando rimane in campo per 87 minuti nel derby toscano con la  in campionato, pareggiato per 1-1. Il 15 febbraio va in rete per la prima volta, realizzando il definitivo 3-1 all'83' nella gara casalinga contro l' in Lega Pro. Termina l'esperienza con i Lanieri con 17 presenze e 2 reti, chiudendo al 13º posto in classifica.

Ritorno al Vicenza
A luglio 2015 ritorna dal prestito in Toscana e riesce a trovare più spazio con i veneti. Fa il suo secondo esordio in biancorosso il 9 agosto nel 2º turno di Coppa Italia, vinto per 5-3 ai rigori in casa contro il , entrando al 71' e realizzando il 4-3 dal dischetto. Segna per la prima volta la stagione successiva, il 12 marzo 2017, siglando in extremis, al 94', la rete della rimonta per 2-1 nella sfida interna contro il  in campionato. Il 14 luglio 2017 rescinde il contratto, dopo 52 presenze e 1 rete in due stagioni, concluse con la retrocessione in Serie C.

Matera e Entella
Il 13 settembre 2017 firma con il , in Serie C. Colleziona 20 presenze e 1 gol e, rimasto svincolato, il 26 febbraio 2019 si accasa all'Entella.

Statistiche

Presenze e reti nei club
Statistiche aggiornate al 7 dicembre 2022.

Palmarès

Club

Competizioni nazionali

Virtus Entella: 2018-2019 (Girone A)

Note

Collegamenti esterni


text:
TV One Adds Multi-Format Dual Monitor
Erlanger, KY--The new LM-702HDA Multi-format, Dual 7-inch Color LCD Monitor with Audio is the latest addition to the growing range of TV One Broadcast and Production LCD Displays.
The LM-702HDA has a multitude of video signal formats that may be accurately monitored. The unit features inputs for SDI (either SD or HD) with an active output, Analog RGBHV, YPbPr Component Video, a Composite Video and a YC input. NTSC and PAL Television Standards are supported and automatically detected.
SDI, AES and analog on screen audio monitoring is standard with the LM-702HDA, displaying audio level bar indictors. Front panel tally LED's can be activated externally via the DB9 connector. The OSD Menu contains all the necessary controls to adjust Contrast, Brightness, Sharpness, Color Level (R-G-B), and other parameters necessary for optimum monitor performance. Results of these adjustments can be viewed via the On Screen Display. A Sync Delay (Pulse Cross) mode allows viewing of the vertical and horizontal sync and vertical blanking intervals. The Blue Only mode facilitates accurate monitor setup when viewing color bars.
The Dual 7-inch Monitor includes a unique tilt rack mount kit that tilts up or down to optimize the viewing angle.


edited by Robert Atkins and Svetlana Mintcheva.
New York : New Press, 2006.
xxiv, 353 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
National Coalition against Censorship (U.S.).
Censoring culture : contemporary threats to free expression / edited by Robert Atkins and Svetlana Mintcheva.
"Published in conjunction with the National Coalition Against Censorship."


text:
import React, {Component} from "react";
import JSONEditor from "jsoneditor";
import "jsoneditor/dist/jsoneditor.min.css"

class JsonEditor extends Component {
    constructor(props) {
        super(props);
    }

    componentDidMount() {
        this.options = {
            mode: this.props.modes ? this.props.modes[0] : 'tree',
            modes: this.props.modes || ['code', 'form', 'text', 'tree', 'view'],
            onChange: () => {
                try {
                    let newValue = this.editor.get();
                    this.props.onChange(newValue)
                } catch (e) {
                }
            }
        };
        this.editor = new JSONEditor(this.container, this.options);
        this.editor.set(this.props.json);
    }

    componentWillReceiveProps(nextProps) {
        let editorValues = this.editor.get();
        if (
            JSON.stringify(this.props.json) !== JSON.stringify(nextProps.json) &&
            JSON.stringify(editorValues) !== JSON.stringify(nextProps.json)
        ) {
            this.editor.set(nextProps.json);
        }
    }

    componentWillUnmount() {
        this.editor.destroy();
    }

    render() {
        return (
            <div ref={el => {
                this.container = el
            }}/>
        );
    }
}

export default JsonEditor;


text:
Must Watch: Sci-Fi by Daniela Moraes
Daniela Moraes's Profile Movie Lists Reviews Ratings Friends
Must Watch: Sci-Fi
Buck Rogers N/A 2.5/4
The Langoliers N/A 2.2/4
When Worlds Collide N/A 2.6/4
Black Moon (1975) N/A 2.1/4
Mr. Nobody N/A 3.0/4
Aelita: Queen of Mars N/A 2.1/4
Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) N/A 3.0/4
Moon N/A 3.1/4
Stalker N/A 3.2/4
Videodrome N/A 2.9/4
Flight of the Navigator N/A 2.7/4
A Scanner Darkly N/A 2.7/4
Dune (1984) N/A 2.5/4
Alphaville, a Strange Adventure of Lemmy Caution ( Alphaville, une étrange aventure de Lemmy Caution ) N/A 2.9/4
The Man Who Fell to Earth N/A 2.8/4
Battle: Los Angeles N/A 2.3/4
Time After Time N/A 2.9/4
2010 N/A 2.5/4
The Last Wave N/A 3.0/4
Last Night (1998) N/A 3.0/4
Sacrifice, The ( Offret ) N/A 2.8/4
Miracle Mile N/A 2.6/4
Perfect Sense N/A 2.5/4
Primer N/A 2.8/4
The Tree of Life N/A 2.9/4
Men in Black 3 N/A 2.7/4
Charly (1968) N/A 2.8/4
eXistenZ N/A 2.6/4
The Man from Earth N/A 2.9/4
Ditto ( Donggam ) N/A 2.9/4
Dreamscape N/A 2.6/4
Rollerball (1975) N/A 2.6/4
Destination Moon N/A 2.5/4
The Thirteenth Floor N/A 2.2/4
Gamer (2009) N/A 2.3/4
The Time Machine (2002) N/A 2.3/4
Kin-Dza-Dza! N/A 3.3/4
Mission to Mars N/A 2.3/4
1984 (1956) N/A 2.8/4
The Island of Dr. Moreau (1977) N/A 2.3/4
Mare, Il ( Siworae ) N/A 2.5/4
Barbarella N/A 2.1/4
It Came from Outer Space 3.0/4 2.5/4
The Man in the White Suit N/A 2.7/4
Outlander N/A 2.2/4
Johnny Mnemonic N/A 2.1/4
Skyline (2010) N/A 1.7/4
Frank Herbert's Children of Dune N/A 2.5/4
The Happening (2008) N/A 1.9/4
Monster from a Prehistoric Planet ( Daikyojû Gappa ) N/A 2.7/4
Crawling Eye, The ( Trollenberg Terror, The ) N/A 2.5/4
First Men in the Moon N/A 2.5/4
Homunculus, 1. Teil N/A 2.1/4
Ultraviolet N/A 1.7/4
Things to Come (1936) N/A 2.8/4
The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms N/A 2.5/4
Children of Men N/A 3.1/4
Predator (1987) N/A 3.0/4
Terminator Salvation N/A 2.6/4
Host, The ( Gwoemul ) N/A 2.8/4
King Kong vs. Godzilla ( Kingu Kongu tai Gojira ) N/A 2.4/4
Frequency N/A 2.7/4
Star Trek: The Motion Picture N/A 2.5/4
Cherry 2000 N/A 2.3/4
Silent Running N/A 2.7/4
Donnie Darko N/A 3.0/4
The Fly (1958) N/A 2.7/4
Dark Star (1974) N/A 2.6/4
Where Have All the People Gone? N/A 2.0/4
Enter a new list name


How can I protect newly installed plants as they get established?
Plant protection railing is a simple way to protect newly installed plants. By guiding feet away from new planting beds, the railing guards plants from being uprooted or trampled, delicate tree branches from being hung on, and roots from being compacted. The simplest variations of plant protection railing can be installed inexpensively with minimal skill, and it is a key method to ensure new plants will thrive in the outdoor learning environment.
Install plant protection railing immediately after plants are installed.
Install plant protection railing just beyond the planting hole (ideally three times the width of the root ball) to protect the newly amended soil from compaction.
Select materials that are readily available, easy to work with and durable.
Use plant protection railing to define edges of pathways, lawns, and settings and direct circulation.
Plant protection railing should be in place for a minimum of two years as plants get established. In high traffic areas, such as primary pathways, permanent railing may be necessary. Temporary railing may be sufficient in areas with minimal foot traffic.
Free-standing trees can be protected singly or entire planting beds can be edged with plant protection railing.
Create exploratory pathways with stepping stones or tree cookies to define routes through and provide access to new planting beds.
During installation, avoid sharp ends and potential entrapments.
Metal posts with cable or rope.
Bamboo rails with cedar posts double as pull-up rails in this toddler OLE.
Cedar logs protect plants and define the edge of the lawn.
Bamboo posts and rails. Stepping stones create an exploratory pathway that provides access to new plants.
Bamboo posts and rails. Stepping stones create an exploratory pathway that provides access to new plants.Arching strips of split bamboo.
Arching metal strips or rebar.
Wooden posts with cable or rope.
Arching strips of split bamboo.


text:
Q: Using (Squid) Caching Proxy with (HideMyAss) OpenVPN VPN I've set up Squid proxy, and I confirmed it's working on my PC.
Note: To be able to use the Internet with better speed, I have to forward to another parent proxy (my university's proxy).
Now I'm using HideMyAss VPN (OpenVPN protocol), but without the squid, since I don't know how to configure them to work correctly.
Note: I'm using the university's proxy in HideMyAss VPN software so that I get good Internet connection, but if I use squid's proxy, it doesn't work.
So, how do I configure Squid to work with VPN?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Javascript - Switching Between Two Images I have the following Javascript code which should rapidly switch between two images:

    <title>Home Page</title>

    <form id="form1" runat="server">

Welcome to my Website

Below you can find an example of visual cryptography

    </form>

Unfortunately, the code does not work and the image does not change to another one.  What am I doing wrong?  I am quite new to JavaScript so bear with me please?

A: You are using assign operator instead of comparison operator. Also use else if or just else in the second condition.
Change to
if (url == 'Resources/Share1.bmp')

and
else if (url == 'Resources/Share2.bmp')

and it should work.
See this DEMO to help you with. It toggles the image with 2 seconds interval

A: Your logic seems to be flawed. Look at this piece of code
var url = document.getElementById('Change_Image').src;

            if (url = 'Resources/Share1.bmp')
            {
                document.getElementById('Change_Image').src = 'Resources/Share2.bmp';
            }

And your markup is

The value of url will always be Resources/Share1.bmp. Also as the other posters mentioned equality is == and not =

A: I see jquery is included, maybe mvc appliction?
You can make use of jquery toggle:
http://api.jquery.com/toggle/
your html:

your javascript:
$(".someContainer").find(".Change_Image").toggle();

You want some effects
$(".someContainer").find(".Change_Image").toggle("slow");


text:
Exchange Rate Regimes (Hard Peg, Soft Peg and Floating)
Each country depending on their economic expectation and their political view has applied different types of exchange rate regimes. Although there are too many classifications on this issue, we will use the following classification which is summarized under three titles:
· Hard peg system
· Soft peg system
· Free floating system
Hard Peg Regimes
Hard peg regimes are the exchange rate systems in which the national currency is either fixed to a respectable foreign currency or the government completely gives up its national currency and start to use a strong one.
In recent years, hard or soft pegged exchange rates have been a factor in every major emerging market financial crisis; Mexico at the end of 1994; Thailand, Indonesia, and Korea in 1997; Russia and Brazil in 1998; Argentina and Turkey in 2000; and Turkey again in 2001. Emerging market countries without pegged rates including South Africa, Israel, Mexico, and Turkey in 1998 have been able to avoid such crises.[1] That scenario was the same after 1970s in industrialized economies and they have given up applying this regime since the central banks started to take control on their local economy.[2]
Therefore, when a country wants to apply a form of hard peg they need to think twice. However, these regimes are used by several countries in order to sustain the price stability; hence they are still preferable by different countries. The best known hard peg regimes are listed in the following:[3]
· Currency Board: Strict exchange rate regime supported by a monetary system based on legislative commitment to exchange domestic currency for a specified foreign currency at a fixed rate. In this regime, the domestic currency is backed 100% by a foreign currency.
· Currency Union Dollarization: In this regime, one other country's currency is used as the only legal tender or the country belongs to a currency union in which the same legal tender is shared by all members of the union. Under "dollarization" the country in question completely gives up monetary independence and monetary policy is run by the advanced nation's central bank.
Like all foreign exchange regimes these two regimes both have advantages and disadvantages which are very similar to each other. The main advantages of hard peg regimes are administrative expenses are reduced, financial sector is sounder, inflation is reduced, interest rates are reduced, and exchange rate risk is mitigated. Although there are several advantages in applying this regime, there are also many disadvantages such as losing a national symbol by adapting dollarization, the autonomy in the monetary transactions is lost, the domestic banks may be more exposed to potential liquidity risks in the depression or recession times.[4]
Soft Peg Regimes
The Soft Peg regimes which are still working under peg mechanisms are more flexible than hard pegs which were explained in the above section. These regimes can be summarized in four different subtypes. These are; crawling narrow band, crawling peg, pegged within bands, crawling broad bands and fixed peg.
The soft peg regimes are mentioned as follows:
· Crawling narrow band: The exchange rate is maintained within a narrow band around a central rate that is adjusted periodically at a fixed pre-announced rate to keep the effective exchange rate competitive. A common adjustment rule is forward looking crawl (based on differentials between target inflation and expected inflation in major trading partners). The bandwidth is ± 1% around the central exchange rate.[5]
· Crawling Peg: This is a method of achieving a desired adjustment in a currency exchange rate (up or down) by small percentages over a given period, rather than by major revaluation or devaluation. In this regime, the exchange rate is adjusted periodically according to a set of indicators with a range of fluctuation of less than 2%.[6] The rate of crawl can be set at a pre-announced fixed rate at or below the projected inflation differentials (forward looking). Maintaining a credible crawling peg imposes constraints on monetary policy.
· Pegged Within Bands: The exchange rate is allowed to fluctuate within a narrow band around a formal or de facto central fixed peg. The central rate is fixed in terms of a single currency or of a basket of currencies. This regime may be the result of cooperative arrangements or unilateral. There is some limited degree of monetary policy discretion depending on the bandwidth.
· Crawling Broad Peg: The exchange rate is maintained within a broad band around a central rate that is adjusted periodically at a fixed pre-announced rate to keep the effective exchange rate competitive. A common adjustment rule is forward looking crawl (based on differentials between target inflation and expected inflation in major trading partners). It imposes constraints on monetary policy, with the degree of policy independence being a function of the band width.
· Fixed Peg: The exchange rate is pegged at a fixed rate to a major currency or a basket of currencies in which the trade partners' currencies are mainly put.[7] The monetary authority is not committed to the peg indefinitely. The peg is adjusted when misalignment becomes unsustainable. The monetary authority stands ready to defend the peg through direct intervention and monetary policy. Traditional central banking functions are possible but the degree of monetary policy discretion is limited.
Like the hard peg regimes, soft peg regimes have also both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages can be summarized as maintaining stability and competitiveness, reduces the interest rates, provides a clear and easily monitorable nominal anchor and reduces inflation. Despite these advantages, these regimes have also some disadvantages like; the country is open for currency crises when the country is open to international markets (this has happened in Turkey), since the national money is revalued, the foreign debts become more cheaper and this increases the short positions in all sectors but mainly in banking sector.
Due to one of the major disadvantages which is the possibility of financial crises of soft peg regimes, most of the countries have given up applying this exchange rate regime after 1970s. Furthermore, it is also seen that behind major crises including Turkish 2001 and Argentina 2001 crises, these regimes are found.
We have tried to show the peg regimes in the above sections. In the following section, we will try to deal with the floating regimes.
Floating Regimes
Finally, we have reached to floating regimes under which the exchange rate of the foreign currency is determined according to supply and demand. These regimes can be summarized under two floating regimes which are shown as follows:
· Independent float: The exchange rate is determined in the market freely by demand and supply. The monetary authority does not intervene in the foreign exchange market. Monetary policy is independent of the exchange rate regime and can be used freely to steer the domestic economy.
· Light managed float: The exchange rate is determined essentially in the market freely by demand and supply. Occasional interventions (direct or indirect through monetary policy) aim to moderate excessive fluctuations. Monetary policy is largely free to be used to steer the domestic economy.
· Managed Float: This is also named as dirty float by many economists. The monetary authority which can be Central Bank usually intervenes actively in the foreign exchange market without specifying or committing to a pre-announced path for the exchange rate. Intervention may be direct (buying or selling foreign currency) or indirect through changes in interest rates, etc. Monetary policy is relatively free to be used to steer the domestic economy.
When we come up the advantages of this regime, the main advantage is it allows a country to adjust to external shocks through the exchange rate whereas the countries with a fixed currency are under stress because of the pressurized domestic wages and prices.[8] Furthermore, it gives liberty to the national economy to determine the foreign exchange rates without depending on a foreign authority.[9] However, the major bad consequence will be continuous increase in the general price levels which will cause inflation. The central bank should be awake to avoid such consequences.
After reviewing all exchange regime types we can conclude that there is no best exchange rate regime for all countries. But, there may be customized exchange rate regimes which fall under one of the above regimes. This is applied according to the last decision of the country after consulting IMF in many circumstances. The country should understand that each regime may have pros and cons, such as volatility in different macroeconomic elements as depicted in the following table and decide on one exchange rate regime depending on its needs.
Volatility Profile of Exchange Rates
Volatility of Foreign Currency Reserves
Soft Peg
Hard Peg
Source: (YEYATI, Eduardo Levy- and STURZENEGGER, Federico, 2002, A de facto Classification of Exchange Rate Regimes: A Methodological Note [Online], http://200.32.4.58/~fsturzen/AppendixAER.pdf)
Until now, we have discussed the exchange rate regimes and tried to show their influence on a country's economy policies. The decision of selecting one regime depends on the social and economic infrastructure of the country. The situation of the country should be carefully assessed by the central bank and the government of the country. They need to act together in order to pursue one regime.
[1] FISHER, Stanley., 2001, Exchange Rate Regimes: Is the Bipolar View Correct?, Finance and Development, 38, 2, pp.2-21.
[2] MISHKIN, Frederic S. and Miguel A.SAVASTANO, 2002, Monetary Policy Strategies for Emerging Market Countries: Lessons From Latin America, Comparative Economic Studies, 44, 2/3, p. 45-82.
[3] YAGCI, Fahrettin., 2001, Choice Of Exchange Rate Regimes For Developing Countries, Africa Region Working Paper, 16, pp.1-25.
[4] COHEN, Benjamin J., 2000, Dollarization: Pros And Cons, [Online], Http://Www.Cap.Uni-Muenchen.De/Transatlantic/Download/Cohen.Pdf
[5] ÇIMENOĞLU, Ahmet, 2002, Çeşitli Kur Sistemlerinin Değerlendirilmesi, www.bulentsenver.com/Kultur/PPT/KurSistemleri.ppt
[6] CARUANA, Jaime., 2007, Review of Exchange Arrangements, Restrictions, and Controls, [online], http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/2007/eng/112707.pdf
[7] KUMAKURA, Masanaga., 2005 Exchange Rate Regimes in Asia:Dispelling the Myth of Soft Dollar Pegs, Joumal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 10, 1, pp.70-95.
[8] Economist, 1999, Fix or Float, Economist, 350, 8104, p.21-25.
[9] TAGUCHI, Hiroyuki., (n.d.), The Post-crisis Exchange Rate Management in Selected East Asian Countries [online], www.dspace.wul.waseda.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2065/792/1/20040116_taguchi_eng.pdf


Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama, Mysore commenced a 'A Special support Free Education programme' called Viveka Shikshana in the year 2000 aimed at helping economically disadvantaged school going students with average intelligence to achieve excellence in their studies and life.
Ashrama has been successfully conducting this program for over 17 years for the economically and academically deprived young students already enrolled in regular conventional schools (From Kannada Mediam Govt. High Schools).
Students are taken into Viveka Shikshana at Class IX and continue till they complete class X. All such students are given free supplementary coaching, 6 days in a week in the evenings 05.30 pm to 07.00 pm. at Govt. Middle School, Kumbara Koppal & at Hinakal.
Coaching is done through dedicated and qualified teachers employed for this purpose, who teach English, Mathematics and Science in Kannada medium.
On Saturdays there will be special Value Education Classes. The students assemble in the Ashrama in the late afternoon 3.00 to 5.00pm. Monks of the Ashrama will conduct classes for them to impart value education through Personality Development programmes.
Free Stationery, Note Books & Personality Development books are given to all students.
In the current academic year 430 students have enrolled.
Every year viveka shikshana students are achieving good results. In the academic year 2017-18, the SSLC passing result is 95% .