text:
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

using LightBlue.Standalone;

using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob;

using Xunit;
using Xunit.Extensions;

namespace LightBlue.Tests.Standalone
{
    public class StandaloneAzureBlobDirectoryListTests : StandaloneAzureTestsBase
    {
        private readonly StandaloneAzureBlobDirectory _directory;

        public StandaloneAzureBlobDirectoryListTests()
            : base(DirectoryType.Container)
        {
            _directory = new StandaloneAzureBlobDirectory(BasePath, "directory");
            var directoryPath = Path.Combine(BasePath, "directory");

            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1a"));
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1b"));
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1c"));
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1d"));
            Directory.CreateDirectory(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1e"));

            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "2"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "3"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "4"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "5"), "Test File");

            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1a", "1"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1a", "2"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1a", "3"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1a", "4"), "Test File");
            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(directoryPath, "1b", "5"), "Test File");
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("1a")]
        [InlineData("1b")]
        [InlineData("1c")]
        [InlineData("1d")]
        [InlineData("1e")]
        public async Task HasExpectedSubdirectoriesInHierarchicalListing(string subDirectory)
        {
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                null,
                null);

            var directories = result.Results.OfType<StandaloneAzureBlobDirectory>();

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, subDirectory);

            Assert.True(directories.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("1")]
        [InlineData("2")]
        [InlineData("3")]
        [InlineData("4")]
        [InlineData("5")]
        public async Task HasExpectedFilesInHierarchicalListing(string file)
        {
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                null,
                null);

            var directories = result.Results.OfType<StandaloneAzureBlockBlob>();

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, file);

            Assert.True(directories.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }

        [Fact]
        public async Task HasNoSubdirectoriesInFlatListing()
        {
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Flat,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                null,
                null);

            var directories = result.Results.OfType<StandaloneAzureBlobDirectory>();

            Assert.Empty(directories);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(@"1a\1")]
        [InlineData(@"1a\2")]
        [InlineData(@"1a\3")]
        [InlineData(@"1a\4")]
        [InlineData(@"1b\5")]
        public async Task HasExpectedFilesInFlatListing(string file)
        {
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Flat,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                null,
                null);

            var directories = result.Results.OfType<StandaloneAzureBlockBlob>();

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, file);

            Assert.True(directories.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("1a")]
        [InlineData("1b")]
        public async Task CanLimitItemsInHierarchicalListing(string subDirectory)
        {
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                2,
                null);

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, subDirectory);

            Assert.True(result.Results.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("1a")]
        [InlineData("1b")]
        public async Task CanLimitItemsInFlatListing(string file)
        {
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                2,
                null);

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, file);

            Assert.True(result.Results.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("1c")]
        [InlineData("1d")]
        public async Task CanPageItemsInHierarchicalListing(string subDirectory)
        {
            var token = (await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                    BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                    BlobListingDetails.None,
                    2,
                    null))
                .ContinuationToken;
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                2,
                token);

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, subDirectory);

            Assert.True(result.Results.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData("1c")]
        [InlineData("1d")]
        public async Task CanPageItemsInFlatListing(string file)
        {
            var token = (await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                    BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                    BlobListingDetails.None,
                    2,
                    null))
                .ContinuationToken;
            var result = await _directory.ListBlobsSegmentedAsync(
                BlobListing.Hierarchical,
                BlobListingDetails.None,
                2,
                token);

            var expectedPath = Path.Combine(_directory.Uri.LocalPath, file);

            Assert.True(result.Results.Any(d => d.Uri.LocalPath == expectedPath));
        }
    }
}


This shortbread keeps very well in an airtight tin or tightly wrapped in tinfoil. The recipe is from Scotland.
In a medium bowl stir together the sugar, cinnamon, cardamom, ginger, allspice and salt. Divide into two equal parts and set one aside. Add the flour and butter to the other half and stir until blended. It should be slightly grainy.
Press the dough evenly into an 20cm square pan. Cut into 4x8cm pieces using a knife and prick with the tines of a fork. This will keep the shortbread from warping while baking. Sprinkle the reserved sugar and spice liberally over the top, brushing into all of the cuts and holes.
Bake for 25 to 30 minutes in the preheated oven or until firm and golden at the edges. Do not brown. Cool completely in the pan and break into pieces along the lines to serve.


Close your eyes. Imagine yourself lying down, ready to receive a massage. Imagine now a thread of hot melted candle wax running through your body. This is candle massage, an American technique that won over the beauty clinics and that became a success.
This massage has as the concept stimulating the senses and uses a special wax prepared with essential and scented oils to provide relaxation.
The candle massage isn't just a moment of relaxation.
– Promotion of the body's general wellbeing.
The melted wax candle applied still warm on the body provides a relaxation and stress reduction. All of our candles are made of soy bean which melt at a lower temperature, which is just below body temperature when applied.
Soy candles are made from a combination of essential oils, as well as the dominating soybean oil. Essential oils are aptly named, and their qualities are endless! They burn a lot more slowly, which means they retain their scent for much longer, creating a long-lasting aroma meaning you'll be sweet-smelling after your massage.


text: export { default, ceil } from '@abcum/ember-helpers/helpers/ceil';

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Biggest Christmas on record for UK supermarkets as online sales double in December
Visits to bricks-and-mortar stores fell by 10% in December, according to new data. Photo: Tolga Akman/AFP via Getty
December 2020 saw the biggest Christmas on record for UK supermarkets as the online share of grocery sales doubled to 12.5%, according to new data from Nielsen.
Online sales rocketed to in the four weeks ending 26 December 2020, up from 6.7% in the same period in 2019.
Some 8.5 million households did their Christmas grocery shopping online in 2020 — equating to just over 30% of all UK homes. This is an increase from 5.7 million over the same time the year before.
A huge 85% of the incremental sales in food and drink were made online in the four weeks ending 26 December, according to Mike Watkins, Nielsen's UK head of retailer and business insight.
Visits to bricks-and-mortar stores fell by 10% in December, as the coronavirus pandemic continues to impact consumers' shopping habits.
UK shoppers spent almost £12bn on groceries in December, with £1.3bn spent online.
WATCH: I Tried The Weirdest Candy Canes + New Holiday Treats For Christmas
READ MORE: Discount Christmas as struggling shops slashed prices
The average spend per visit rose to £20, up from £17 a year before, the biggest ever spend per visit during the Christmas period, and only slightly below the all-time high of £22 recorded at the height of the first COVID-19 lockdown in May, according to Nielsen.
"Although overall grocery growth was a little lower than in November, this takes into account the many challenges consumers faced around restrictions and cancelled Christmas plans," said Watkins.
With COVID-19 restrictions, including the closure of hospitality venues and social distancing restrictions, impacting social gatherings and large family celebrations, consumers spent more on less traditional Christmas fare, the data found.
Sales of frozen dumplings increased by 77%, beef fillets, medallions, and steaks were up 57%, and sales of fresh sea bass grew by 48%.
There was also a rise in demand for convenience foods, with sales of frozen croissants up 70%, coffee pods up 56%, and handheld ice creams rising by 45%.
READ MORE: Business tells government: Pandemic recession won't end with vaccine
With fewer opportunities for socialising and the exchanging of Christmas gifts, sales of confectionery were subdued, rising only 2% in December.
Alcohol sales increased over the Christmas period, with beer, wine and spirits seeing the fastest growth overall. Champagne sales grew by 18% and crémant sparkling wine was up by 51%. Cocktail making was also a popular feature of Christmas 2020 for many UK households, with tequila sales rising 59%, flavoured vodka sales up 50% and spiced rum up by 47%.
Lidl saw the biggest growth over the 12 weeks ending 26 December, with sales rising 20.9%, followed by Morrisons (MRW.L) — up 9.2% — which led growth among the "big four" retailers, according to Nielsen.
WATCH: Should I pay off debt or save money during the coronavirus pandemic?
Bundesliga: Moussa Diaby shines to down Borussia Dortmund and send Bayer Leverkusen second
Amaravati (Andhra Pradesh) [India], January 20 (ANI): The Andhra Pradesh High Court on Tuesday quashed an FIR registered by the state Crime Investigation Department (CID) alleging insider trading in land dealings in Amaravati Capital Region.
The victory was Leverkusen's first in five league games and puts them second on goal difference, level on 32 points with RB Leipzig, who host Union Berlin on Wednesday.
Jack Hughes had two goals and an assist in New Jersey's three-goal second period, Mackenzie Blackwood stopped 47 shots and the Devils beat the New York Rangers 4-3 Tuesday night. Miles Wood had a goal and an assist, and Travis Zajac also scored to give New Jersey at least a point in each of its first three games (2-0-1). The Devils gave coach Lindy Ruff, a Rangers assistant the previous three seasons, a win against his former team.
The office of New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham announced Tuesday the state has amended COVID-19 guidelines to allow intercollegiate athletics to resume practicing. New Mexico's football team temporarily relocated to Las Vegas to play its 2020 season due to strict coronavirus measures in its home state. The men's and women's basketball programs have been practicing and playing in Texas.
Realme RealPublic sale: Best deals on Realme X3, Realme X50 Pro, Smart TVs and more
The offers of Realme Realpublic Sale are available on realme.com, on Flipkart and on Amazon India.
After first test was cut short, NASA considers firing up its moon rocket again
All four engines fired for barely a minute, rather than the intended eight minutes, on the test stand at NASA's Stennis Space Center in Mississippi.
NSW and Sydney Covid trend map: where coronavirus cases are rising or falling
NSW and Sydney Covid trend map: where coronavirus cases are rising or falling. Guardian Australia analysis and map shows how the pattern of Covid-19 has changed by region and throughout Sydney. Live data updates will track the numbers throughout New South Wales
Janet Yellen, U.S. President-elect Joe Biden's nominee for Treasury Secretary, urged lawmakers on Tuesday to "act big" on coronavirus relief spending, arguing that the economic benefits far outweigh the risks of a higher debt burden. In more than three hours of confirmation hearing testimony, the former Federal Reserve chair laid out a vision of a more muscular Treasury that would act aggressively to reduce economic inequality, fight climate change and counter China's unfair trade and subsidy practices. Taxes on corporations and the wealthy will eventually need to rise to help finance Biden's ambitious plans for investing in infrastructure, research and development, and for worker training to improve the U.S. economy's competitiveness, she told members of the Senate Finance Committee.
SLS: Nasa finds cause of 'megarocket' test shutdown
An issue with hydraulic systems led to the early shutdown of a test for Nasa's new "megarocket".
Two Chennai policemen killed as BMW rams into them, crime caught on CCTV
The occupants of the car were 20-year-old men, who were returning from a birthday celebration.
In Bhairavi, Shivani's thundering response to the patriarchy is also a mirror to selective activism
Mrinal Pande talks to Firstpost about how her mother's recently translated novel is an exaggeration of her own struggles.
Rachel Levine, Biden's pick for key health role, to become first trans woman federal official
The professor of pediatrics at the Penn State College of Medicine has led Pennsylvania's response to the coronavirus outbreak as the country's top health official
Italian PM Giuseppe Conte wins Senate vote with thin margin, says dealing with 'health emergency' will be priority
Conte, however, lacks the reliable majority he'll need to effectively govern the country with its pandemic-pummelled economy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
LIVING GREATER
Artwork lives on after daughter's suicide
Heidi Dodge struggled with mental health and chemical dependency issues since she was 16
Stephanie Dickrell
sdickrell@stcloudtimes.com
On Dec. 11, 2010, Heidi Dodge died by suicide, hanging herself with a jump rope at a mental health treatment facility in Central Minnesota.
To her family and friends, Dodge is not defined by that final action. Nor will suicide be Dodge's legacy.
Instead, her decades-long struggle was chronicled in the artwork she loved to create. Her subjects — and even the paintings themselves — changed depending on her mood, where she was in recovery and what was happening in her life.
Several of her paintings hang on the walls of the art therapy room at Recovery Plus, a dual-diagnosis chemical dependency and mental health clinic in St. Cloud. It was just one of the many facilities where Dodge tried to find peace and wellness.
The paintings are her legacy, owned by her daughter, Jordan Rose, who will turn 13 years old this fall. Heidi's mother, Sheila, is lending the pieces to the clinic so that others in early recovery may feel comforted in their struggles and kinship in their turmoil.
Sheila was a witness to Heidi's struggle, even as she tried to help her daughter recover and advocated for her as she witnessed the gaps in the mental health care system.
Heidi struggled with mental health and chemical dependency issues since the age of 16. She was committed for treatment several times over 16 years, including Recovery Plus.
At age 36, Heidi completed suicide while at a mental health treatment facility.
What follows are snapshots of Heidi's life, paired with her paintings. Her mother offers her interpretations of the art, coupled with discussions she had with her daughter, observations of her life and Heidi's journal writings. The titles, for the most part, are Sheila's, as Heidi did not like to give them titles.
"Kneeling Angel" 2010
Sheila says this was Heidi's last painting.
"Heidi was fascinated with and believed in angels," Sheila wrote. She worked on the piece on and off over a year, asking often for her mother's input. Sheila thinks the angel looks depressed.
At first, the angel was painted softer pinks and blues. The orbs were also a lighter shade of blue.
Over time, she painted each darker, making the orbs more pronounced. Before the hospital, she added gold spray paint over some parts.
"When she was angry, she would ruin the image with splatters of paint and said she hated it," Sheila said. But then she would fix it.
Now, the large painting — four feet by a little more than four feet — hangs in a prominent place in the art room.
"Jordan's Mobile," 2003
Heidi wanted to get married and have a child more than anything in her life, Sheila said. She got married in 2002. Unfortunately, she married someone with issues similar to her own, which made it difficult to sustain the relationship.
"Guys loved her. She was very beautiful, a very creative person, and very funny," Sheila said.
Heidi did get her other wish. She had her daughter, Jordan Rose, in 2003.
Two years later, she got divorced and maintained visitation with Jordan.
She painted "Jordan's Mobile" when she was pregnant.
"She wanted Jordan to have a colorful and interesting painting, instead of a typical mobile to look at above her crib," Shelia wrote about the painting. "She was very happy and hopeful during this time of getting ready for birth."
Also in the painting, Sheila says, a large circle and small eye look like the egg and sperm at conception.
Jordan Rose served as motivation to get better.
Heidi experienced a series of losses: visitation with her daughter, her ability to drive after a second DUI and the loss of employment. Her beloved grandfather died, and Heidi felt guilty about not being there for him.
She went back to drinking.
"That just led to the whole spiral," Sheila said.
Heidi ended up in inpatient treatment again in September 2010.
"St. Paul's Cathedral" 1992-1994
After graduating from Apollo High School with honors in 1992, Heidi went to the College of Visual Arts in St. Paul. Heidi had always loved drawing, coloring and making things with her hands, Sheila said. In high school, she took a variety of art classes, using many media. She favored watercolor painting and created a variety of still-life paintings.
At art school, she developed the abstract style you can see in the paintings at Recovery Plus. She also loved working with acrylics and making large paintings, almost as large as herself, Sheila said.
"I was really so hopeful for her, that she would go on and be this artist she wanted to be," Sheila said. "Sometimes I overlooked the bad stuff during that time."
Heidi had a dream to open a coffee shop combined with art space.
St. Paul's Cathedral was one of Heidi's favorite places to visit.
"The painting is very dark and eerie, and seemed depressing to me," Sheila said. "But she said she liked the mood of it."
Sheila asked about the eyes and the white figure in the painting. Heidi told her they were the ghosts she saw sometimes.
Heidi also sprayed gold over sections of the painting, probably around the same time as she did so with the angel.
Heidi quit art school after two years. Sheila didn't know the full story of why Heidi quit, beyond the financial hardship that came with paying for college.
"I just knew she was unhappy. And when your child is unhappy, you want to, you know, help out," Sheila said.
It wasn't until then that Sheila started to notice something was very wrong with her daughter.
"The first thing was the anger," Sheila said. "When she came home, the anger escalated."
She acted out at home, having parties with underage kids.
It wasn't easy. There was anger, fights and frustration. Sheila was overwhelmed with the stress of dealing with out-of-control behavior that happens with chemical use and mental health issues.
Mental illness has a way of getting incrementally more disruptive. By the time people notice, or overcome denial, the situation can be out of control.
"I couldn't see, in front of me, that my wonderful daughter was having issues," she said.
After one fight, Sheila ended up calling police.
"She was really upset. I did not know how to deal with somebody like that except to call the police," she said.
The first time Sheila really saw the mental illness was when she went to the St. Cloud Police Department, and saw her daughter. It was bad. That night, she had taken off all her clothes and was running around the jail. Everyone could see she needed help.
That was Heidi's first trip to the emergency room for mental health. At that point, doctors didn't address chemical dependency, only distress from extreme stress.
At the time, with commitments for mental health issues, patients were put on medications to deal with out-of-control behavior, but didn't necessarily deal with the root of the issue.
At a treatment facility in Willmar, Heidi spent her time swimming and going to church, but she never looked within herself.
"So once she got out, the same things were there," Sheila said.
She was on an anti-psychotic and she was drinking, and had other bad influences.
"You can't stop bad things from happening, though I tried many times," Sheila said. She tried to protect her daughter.
She was only in her 20s, but she had serious health issues associated with substance abuse, like cirrhosis and serious delirium tremens related to alcohol withdrawal.
"Roses" 1992-1994
This is one of Sheila's favorite paintings. Heidi loved roses, even giving the name Rose to her daughter as a middle name.
"She would save roses she received from her boyfriends and press them between pages or keep them dried in vases," Sheila said.
"I think she wanted the memory to last forever," Sheila said. Heidi always had a vase of red fabric roses.
Heidi expressed her feelings through her art. She loved to contrast colors and use white to give a veil-like feel to them.
"She seemed intrigued with the eye and emphasizes it in several paintings," Sheila said. Several of her paintings have eyes hidden throughout.
One set of paintings from 1996, creates a pair of eyes when put together. She gave them to her brother. Depending which sides you join together, the eyes have a different expression.
"I thought they looked owl-like ... or bloodshot. Her grandmother thought they looked alien," Sheila said. "It is very clever how the edges fit together, even when you turn them around."
People need skills to heal, she said. And they need support from people and the tools to do so. For Heidi, it was art.
"I was very happy that they had art there. ... That to me was the healing part," Sheila said.
"Her creative spirit will be missed," Shelia wrote, "but she lives on in the art she left behind and in all the people that she touched during her life, with the gift of art."
Follow Stephanie Dickrell on Twitter @SctimesSteph, like her on Facebook at www.facebook.com/sctimessteph, call her at 255-8749 or find more stories at www.sctimes.com/sdickrell.


text:
Crash Course US. History Worksheets: Episodes 16-25 BUNDLE
Social Studies - History, U.S. History
8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, Homeschool
Study Guides, Worksheets, Minilessons
2 Products in this Bundle
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 16-20
Covers from women's issues in the 1800s through the Civil War! Detailed student worksheets to help them track their learning as they watch Crash Course -- a variety of question formats -- one worksheet per episode -- perfect for American history classes!TEACH WITH HUMOR USING U.S. HISTORY CRASH COUR
Covers from the Civil War to the Industrial Revolution and Westward Expansion. 5 detailed worksheets with all questions time stamped and in video order. Features a variety of question formats: true/false, fill-in, and free response! One worksheet per episode -- perfect for American history classes u
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets ENTIRE SERIES BUNDLE (Episodes 1-47)
47 worksheets, one for each episode! Every question comes with a time stamp option. Variety of question types for high engagement: true/false, fill-in, and free response. Complete answer keys and useful teaching ideas also included!Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets for episodes 1-47, all the way
Bundle Description
Worksheets for episodes 16-25 of Crash Course U.S. History. Full answer keys included! Convenient for teachers -- one page worksheet per episode means minimal prep, yet each high engagement worksheet is packed with questions, fill-ins, or true/false problems!
---The zip file for this product contains files in PDF format so teachers can easily print off pages no matter what kind of system they're using!---
TEACH WITH HUMOR USING U.S. HISTORY CRASH COURSE!
Few classroom strategies are as successful as this simple approach: make learning fun! That, or course, is easier said than done, but when it comes to teaching American history content, the YouTube series Crash Course U.S. History is a fantastic place to start.
The script of each episode is packed with humorous observations about life and culture -- ones that help to make strong points about the history being communicated. Just as importantly, the host, John Green, has what it takes to keep students' interest: enthusiasm about the topics, a quirky way with props, and a funny, sometimes deadpan delivery of content. Students like watching the series, which means they pay attention to it and learn!
Primary Sources Emphasized!
Teachers like it too, though, because the content is solid, relying on the regular use of primary sources, including the "Mystery Document" feature which occurs in every episode, in which John Green reads from a famous document of the period and has to see if he can identify the author.
Where to Find Crash Course U.S. History
Each episode of Crash Course contains about 10 minutes of content plus a brief time for the credits. Episodes are available for free on YouTube at the following playlist:
Crash Course U.S. History
If you are new to Crash Course, I encourage you to watch a few videos as soon as you can. I expect you'll be just as enthusiastic about the classroom possibilities as I am!
ABOUT THESE CRASH COURSE U.S. HISTORY WORKSHEETS
Time stamps are provided for each and every question to help students zero in on the answers. If you do not care to provide your students with time stamp information, however, the packet also includes a "questions only" worksheet for each episode.
Each worksheet focuses on a single episode of Crash Course U.S. History and typically contains between 10 and 20 items for students to complete. Worksheets are formatted to fit on one page for easy copying and a detailed answer key is provided for each episode!
QUESTION TYPES INCLUDED:
Some worksheets are free answer.
Some are true/false -- and in the answer key, all false answers are annotated to give additional information.
Some are fill-in-the-blank or cloze format.
The worksheets cycle through these formats in order to keep student interest high, so using the worksheets is a varied experience for them.
EPISODES INCLUDED IN THESE CRASH COURSE U.S. HISTORY WORKSHEETS
This resource includes a worksheet, a time-stamped worksheet, and a detailed answer key for episodes 16-25 of Crash Course U.S. History:
• Women in the 19th Century
• War and Expansion
• The Election of 1860 and the Road to Disunion
• Battles of the Civil War
• The Civil War, Part 1
• Reconstruction and 1876
• The Industrial Economy
• Westward Expansion
• Growth, Cities, and Immigration
All questions are presented in video order so that students can easily follow along, but these worksheets are not mere outlines that merely ask students to generate their own notes. Instead, they focus in on the key issues that students watching the videos should master in order to have a clear and concise understanding of the topic under study.
ARE TIME STAMPS A PRIORITY? HERE YOU GO!
Teachers who like to provide time stamps for video questions will find the work already done for them in this resource! A question sheet without time stamps, however, is also included for each episode.
IDEAS FOR USING THESE CRASH COURSE WORKSHEETS
Only a teacher knows what constitutes best use for a particular class, but I always find it helpful to see what creative approaches other teachers are using. Here are some good options for these worksheets.
•	Print off copies and have students complete them as they watch the video.
•	Send the PDF file electronically so students can complete them on tablet/laptop devices.
•	Accommodate students who claim that the worksheets "go too fast:" Assign students to do only the evens or only the odds. After watching the video, pair students up to discuss and fill in missing answers.
•	Create basic and advanced levels from the same worksheet: This is easily done by declaring that the "basic" level is odds-only (or evens-only) while the "advanced" level consists of all the questions.
•	Encourage students to challenge themselves to do the advanced level by offering extra credit or by announcing that the basic level can only earn a C at best, but A and B grades are available at the advanced level.
•	Run a game show: Have students watch the video carefully and take notes. Form groups afterwards and have them pool their notes, briefly discussing the whole video. Pass out the worksheets only AFTER this discussion and have each group fill out one collaboratively. Go over the answers out loud, calling on groups to respond. This option means making fewer copies: only one per group.
•	Run a multi-round game show: Print out only one copy of the worksheet and cut it apart to make question strips. Have students watch the video carefully and take notes. Form groups afterwards and have them pool their notes, briefly discussing the whole video. Ask the questions out loud, handing the question slip used to the group that first supplies the correct answer. In this way the question strips become a point counter to keep track of group progress. After all questions have been used, have each group ask each of their questions of the other groups -- this provides an additional level of review and gives groups a chance to recoup points they missed on the first round. This option means making only a single copy!
•	Let students self-assess their learning: Print out one worksheet per student, but hang onto them until students have finished watching the video. Then pass them out and have students work in pairs or individually to see how much they remember. Watch the video a second time to let them fill in the gaps. Finally, go over the material aloud to review with the class and let them fill in the blanks.
•	Use worksheets as a traditional quiz: As above, but collect papers for grading before going over the items aloud.
I am sure there are many more fun and engaging ways to use these worksheets, but I do hope that you find them useful and that the video series helps you keep student interest in history high throughout the year.
LOOKING FOR AN ENTIRE-SERIES BARGAIN BUNDLE OF CRASH COURSE U.S. HISTORY WORKSHEETS?
You can pay a lot less for your Crash Course U.S. History worksheets if you buy them from my Elise Parker store where I have put all 47 episodes into one bargain bundle! Just click the link below:
--->Best Deal:
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets ENTIRE SERIES BUNDLE
LOOKING FOR SMALLER PACKS OF CRASH COURSE U.S. HISTORY WORKSHEETS?
If you're only teaching certain eras in U.S. history, you might not want to buy worksheets for the whole series. Below you can find links to all the various packets I've made:
5-episode packs:
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 1-5 -- From Native Americans and the Spaniards to the Seven Years War and the Great Awakening
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 6-10 -- From the American Revolution to Thomas Jefferson's Democracy
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 11-15 -- From the War of 1812 to 19th-Century Reform Movements
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 16-20 -- From the Women in the 19th Century to the Civil War, Part 1
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 21-25 -- From the Civil War, Part 2 to Growth, Cities, and Immigration
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 26-30 -- From the Gilded Age to World War I
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 31-35 -- From Women's Suffrage to WWII
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 36-40 -- From the WWII The Home Front to the 1960s
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 41-47 -- From the Rise of Conservatism to Barack Obama
10, 15, and 17-episode packs:
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 1-10 -- From the Native Americans to Thomas Jefferson's Democracy
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 1-15 -- From the Native Americans to 19th Century Reform Movements
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 11-20 -- From the War of 1812 to the Civil War
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 16-25 -- From the Women in the 19th Century to Cities & Immigration
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 21-30 -- From the Civil War to World War I
Crash Course U.S. History Worksheets: Episodes 31-47 -- From Women's Suffrage to Barack Obama
U.S. history teachers in a *lot* of schools also teach other social studies subjects. Just in case that's the case with you, here are links to my other Crash Course worksheet sets!
CRASH COURSE WORLD HISTORY WORKSHEETS:
-->Best Deal: Crash Course World History Worksheets -- BARGAIN BUNDLE FOR THE ENTIRE SERIES: Episodes 1-42
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 1-5: From the Agricultural Revolution to the Persians and the Greeks
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 6-10: From Buddha and Ashoka to the Roman Empire and Republic
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 11-15: From Judaism and Christianity to the Crusades
Crash Course World History Worksheets BARGAIN BUNDLE for Episodes 1-15: From the Agricultural Revolution to the Crusades
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 16-20: From Mansa Musa and Islam in Africa to the Mongols
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 21-25: From Columbus, De Gama, and Zheng He to the Spanish Empire, Silver, and Runaway Inflation
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 26-30: From the Seven Years War to the Haitian Revolutions
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 31-35: From Latin American Revolutions to the New Imperialism
Crash Course World History Worksheets for Episodes 36-42: From World War I to the Upsides and Downsides of Globalization
CRASH COURSE GOVERNMENT WORKSHEETS:
Crash Course U.S. Government Worksheets -- ENTIRE SERIES BUNDLE -- All 50 Episodes
Crash Course U.S. Government Worksheets -- 30 EPISODE BUNDLE -- Episodes 1-30
Crash Course U.S. Government Worksheets -- 20 EPISODE BUNDLE -- Episodes 31-50
Crash Course Government Quizzes / Worksheets for Episodes 1-5
Crash Course Government Quizzes / Worksheets for Episodes 6-10
Crash Course Government Quizzes / Worksheets for Episodes 11-15
CRASH COURSE ECONOMICS WORKSHEETS:
--->Best Deals:
BARGAIN BUNDLE OF FIFTEEN EPISODES: Crash Course Economics Quizzes or Worksheets for Episodes 1-15
BARGAIN BUNDLE OF TWENTY EPISODES: Crash Course Economics Quizzes or Worksheets for Episodes 16-35
Crash Course Economics Quizzes or Worksheets for Episodes 1-5
Crash Course Economics Quizzes or Worksheets for Episodes 6-10
Crash Course Economics Quizzes or Worksheets for Episodes 11-15
Elise Parker
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Call02175292
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Murdoch University Dubai
Average cost of living in Australia
About Murdoch University Dubai
Established in 2007, Murdoch University Dubai is a branch campus of Murdoch University, which is based in Perth, Western Australia and is one of Australia?s leading emerging universities. All courses follow the same academic requirements as the courses offered in Australia, taught by highly qualified international lecturers. The degrees awarded are issued from Australia and are exactly the same as the ones conferred on campus in Australia.
The university offers a range of undergraduate and graduate degree programs. Students not qualifying for direct entry and seeking an alternative pathway into university can undertake associated foundation programme at the university. This caters to the needs of high school, international and mature students wishing to gain entry into a university degree.
At the undergraduate level, it offers courses in Business (finance, management, and marketing), Information Technology (computer science and business information systems) and Media and Communications (journalism, public relations, and screen production). At the postgraduate level, it offers a Master of Business Administration and a Master of Education.
Murdoch University Dubai is located in Dubai International Academic City and provides state-of-the-art facilities and world-class technology so that the students have access to the highest education standards globally. Its vibrant campus in Dubai caters for the area's growing demand for skilled professionals across a range of industries. The facilities at Dubai campus include modern lecture theatres, administrative offices and student support services. The campus features fully professional high-tech TV as well as post-production facilities. A centrally located library, acts as a one-stop shop for student learning and services. It also offers students access to all electronic databases that are provided by the main campus in Australia.
Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia, has more than 22,000 students and 2,500 staff from across almost 100 different countries, studying in over 200 undergraduate and postgraduate courses or majors, over a comprehensive range of disciplines and professions.
Member of Tertiary Education Qual Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency + -
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Murdoch University in Perth, Western Australia, has more than 22,000 students and 2,500 staff from across almost 100 different countries, studying in over 200 undergraduate and postgraduate courses or majors, over a comprehensive range of disciplines and professions. https://images1.content-gbl.com/commimg/myhotcourses/institution/profile/myhc_291506_320px.jpg Murdoch University Dubai https://www.idp.com/iran/universities/murdoch-university-dubai/iid-au-01115/?lang=en
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Q: Countable product of discrete sets Hi I am having problems with this:
Let $X$ be a countable discrete topological space $\{0,1 \}$, I need to find a dense countable set in $X$, but don´t know which se could be work, thanks for the help.

A: HINT: Let $D=\{0,1\}$ with the discrete topology, for each $k\in\Bbb N$ let $D_k$ be a copy of $D$, and let $X=\prod_{k\in\Bbb N}D_k$.
For each $x\in X$ let $s(x)=\{k\in\Bbb N:x_k=1\}$, and let $A=\{x\in X:s(x)\text{ is finite}\}$; show that $A$ is a countable dense subset of $X$.
Added: Let $\Sigma$ be the set of finite sequences of $0$'s and $1$'s. For each $\sigma=\langle b_0,\dots,b_n\rangle\in\Sigma$ let $$B(\sigma)=\{x\in X:x_k=b_k\text{ for }k=0,\dots,n\}\;,$$ and let $\mathscr{B}=\{B(\sigma):\sigma\in\Sigma\}$; $\mathscr{B}$ is a base for the product topology on $X$, so to show that $A$ is dense in $X$, we need only show that $B\cap A\ne\varnothing$ for each $B\in\mathscr{B}$.
Fix $\sigma=\langle b_0,\dots,b_n\rangle\in\Sigma$, and let $F=\{k\le n:b_k=1\}$. Define a point $x\in X$ as follows: for each $k\in\Bbb N$,
$$x_k=\begin{cases}
1,&\text{if }k\in F\\
0,&\text{otherwise}\;;
\end{cases}$$
then $s(x)=F$, so $x\in A\cap B(\sigma)$, as desired.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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You should've put the answer and how you solve it my teacher only wants how we solve it anyone else here struggles with the same problem.


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His Excellency General the Honourable David Hurley AC DSC (Retd) Governor-General of the Commonwealth Of Australia
In accepting the Board's request to act as FRRR's Patron in Chief, His Excellency explained that he was pleased to accept the role as he sees the work of the Foundation as very important in supporting rural, regional and remote communities:
"In my experience, our rural and regional areas aren't after hand outs – in fact, they're reticent to even ask for a hand-up. That is why the Foundation for Rural and Regional Renewal's approach of helping communities address local opportunities and challenges is so important."
David Hurley joined the Australian Army in January 1972, graduating from the Royal Military College, Duntroon into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps. In a long and distinguished 42-year military career, his service culminated with his appointment as Chief of the Defence Force.
He commanded the 1st Battalion, The Royal Australian Regiment during Operation SOLACE in Somalia in 1993, receiving the Distinguished Service Cross. Following promotion to Colonel, he was appointed Chief of Staff, Headquarters 1st Division in June 1994, attending the U.S. Army War College in 1996 and 1997. He commanded the 1st Brigade from 1999-2000 in Darwin, supporting Australian-led operations in East Timor. He was appointed the inaugural Chief of Capability Development Group from 2003-07, Chief of Joint Operations Command in October 2007, and Vice Chief of the Defence Force in July 2008. Promoted to General, he succeeded Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston as Chief of the Defence Force on 4 July 2011 until his retirement on 30 June 2014. In 2010, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia for eminent service to the Australian Defence Force.
Prior to being sworn in as Governor-General, David Hurley served as the 38th Governor of New South Wales from October 2014 – May 2019.
David Hurley was born in Wollongong, New South Wales on 26 August 1953, the son of Norma and James Hurley. His father was an Illawarra steelworker and his mother worked in a grocery store. He grew up in Port Kembla and attended Port Kembla High School where he completed his Higher School Certificate in 1971. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Graduate Diploma in Defence Studies from the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1975. He is married to Linda with whom he has three children: Caitlin, Marcus and Amelia.
He was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Wollongong in 2013; a Doctor of the University, honoris causa, from the University of New South Wales in 2015; made a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering in 2016; and awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Macquarie University in 2017.


text:
Cormocephalus tumidus är en mångfotingart som beskrevs av Lawrence 1960. Cormocephalus tumidus ingår i släktet Cormocephalus och familjen Scolopendridae.

Artens utbredningsområde är Madagaskar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Skolopendrar
tumidus

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This entry was posted in changes, daily life, Fred, holidays, Liam. Bookmark the permalink.
How exciting! Finding a new passion is a wonderful thing. Lots of hope, excitement, and fun! Wish you the best! Best of luck with moving prep, too- sounds like lots of new adventures coming up!


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News, UCM News
Powell Gardens hosts UCM rock 'n' roll dance concert
By Erin Clavin
Tagged with: Highlander Theatre • My Oh My • Powell Gardens • UCM Department of Theatre and Dance
The UCM Theatre and Dance Department is bringing live music and dance to Powell Gardens with "My Oh My: A Rock-n-Roll Dance Concert."
The show, set for Friday and Saturday, is the work of Ashley Miller- Scully, her team of choreographers, and a live band based in Kansas City.
The band, also called "My Oh My," is a rock 'n' roll band from Kansas City. Miller-Scully connected with the lead singer of the band, Adam Merker, through her husband, Aaron Scully, a fellow UCM professor, who is Merker's brother-in-law.
Miller-Scully said she and her husband are big supporters of the band and have enjoyed seeing them live over the years.
"I really want to take the dancers to go to see one of their shows. I think it would be fun to go support them that way too," Miller-Scully said.
This support paid off for her because Merker was willing to return the support for "My Oh My: A Rock-n-Roll Dance Concert."
"When Ashley pitched the initial idea for the My Oh My dance concert to me, I was immediately intrigued," Merker said. "I've always been interested in combining performance art to create something new."
The show features original choreography from Miller-Scully, Amy Gilchrist, an adjunct ballet professor, and three student choreographers.
Taking 12 songs from "My Oh My," the choreographers created 11 original dances that eventually combine to create the show's finale. The show is meant to be interactive with the audience and it's encouraged that they dance as well.
"The songs, having been choreographed, changes our role as a band in ways that I find interesting," Merker said. "As I see it, our job isn't so much to keep the audience engaged as it is when we play venues, but to support the dancers whose job it is to engage the audience."
"My Oh My: A Rock-n-Roll Dance Concert" is also the first show the dance department has ever done off campus. The show takes place 20 miles west of UCM at Powell Gardens in Kingsville, where the department will be building their own pop-up stage for the performance.
Miller-Scully said the show is meant to be a social event so people will be able to enjoy the gardens and refreshments during their visit. After the dance concert, there will be a brief intermission and then the band will continue playing.
Tickets are $7 for students, $12 for UCM faculty/staff, and $15 for the general public.
They can be purchased online at ucmo.edu/theatretickets, by calling 660-543-8811, or at the Box Office at the Highlander Theatre between 9:30 a.m. and 4 p.m. beginning Wednesday or before the show at the venue.
Showtimes are scheduled for 6 p.m. Friday, and 2 and 6 p.m. Saturday. Doors open 30 minutes before the show.
filed under: News, UCM News
Tags: Highlander Theatre, My Oh My, Powell Gardens, UCM Department of Theatre and Dance


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Full-Text Articles in Law
Fixing "Litigating The Fix", Steven C. Salop, Jennifer E. Sturiale Dec 2022
Fixing "Litigating The Fix", Steven C. Salop, Jennifer E. Sturiale
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Merging firms have increasingly been asking trial courts to adjudicate their merger "as remedied" by a voluntary "fix." These are remedies that have been rejected by (or never proposed to) the agency. This procedure is known as Litigating-the-Fix" ("LTF"). This article proposes a judicial procedure for managing cases in which the merging parties attempt to LTF. Our recommendations flow from a decision theory approach informed by the relevant LTF case law, the merger enforcement record, the language and goals of Section 7, and an economic analysis of the incentives of the parties and agencies created by LTF. Our recommendation addresses …
A Miser'S Rule Of Reason: Student Athlete Compensation And The Alston Antitrust Case, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Jan 2022
A Miser'S Rule Of Reason: Student Athlete Compensation And The Alston Antitrust Case, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
The unanimous Supreme Court decision in NCAA v. Alston is its most important probe of antitrust's rule of reason in decades. The decision implicates several issues, including the role of antitrust in labor markets, how antitrust applies to institutions that have an educational mission as well as involvement in a large commercial enterprise, and how much leeway district courts should have in creating decrees that contemplate ongoing administration.
The Court accepted what has come to be the accepted framework: the plaintiff must make out a prima facie case of competitive harm. Then the burden shifts to the defendant to produce …
Asymmetric Stakes In Antitrust Litigation, Erik Hovenkamp, Steven C. Salop Mar 2020
Asymmetric Stakes In Antitrust Litigation, Erik Hovenkamp, Steven C. Salop
Private antitrust litigation often involves a dominant firm being accused of exclusionary conduct by a smaller rival or entrant. Importantly, the firms in such cases generally have asymmetric stakes: the defendant typically has a much larger financial interest on the line. We explore the broad policy implications of this fact using a novel model of litigation with endogenous effort. Asymmetric stakes lead dominant defendants to invest systematically more resources into litigation, causing the plaintiff's success probability to fall below the efficient level--a distortion that carries over to ex ante settlements. We explain that enhanced damages may reduce the problem, but …
The Rule Of Reason, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Jan 2018
The Rule Of Reason, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
Antitrust's rule of reason was born out of a thirty-year (1897-1927) division among Supreme Court Justices about the proper way to assess multi-firm restraints on competition. By the late 1920s the basic contours of the rule for restraints among competitors was roughly established. Antitrust policy toward vertical restraints remained much more unstable, however, largely because their effects were so poorly understood.
This article provides a litigation field guide for antitrust claims under the rule of reason – or more precisely, for situations when application of the rule of reason is likely. At the time pleadings are drafted and even up …
Class Warfare: Why Antitrust Class Actions Are Essential For Compensation And Deterrence, Robert H. Lande Apr 2016
Class Warfare: Why Antitrust Class Actions Are Essential For Compensation And Deterrence, Robert H. Lande
All Faculty Scholarship
Recent empirical studies demonstrate five reasons why antitrust class action cases are essential: (1) class actions are virtually the only way for most victims of antitrust violations to receive compensation; (2) most successful class actions involve collusion that was anticompetitive; (3) class victims' compensation has been modest, generally less than their damages; (4) class actions deter significant amounts of collusion and other anticompetitive behavior; and (5) anticompetitive collusion is underdeterred, a problem that would be exacerbated without class actions. Unfortunately, a number of court decisions have undermined class action cases, thus preventing much effective and important antitrust enforcement.
Antitrust Balancing, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Apr 2016
Antitrust Balancing, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
Antitrust litigation often confronts situations where effects point in both directions. Judges sometimes describe the process of evaluating these factors as "balancing." In its e-Books decision the Second Circuit believed that the need to balance is what justifies application of the rule of reason. In Microsoft the D.C. Circuit stated that "courts routinely apply a…balancing approach" under which "the plaintiff must demonstrate that the anticompetitive harm…outweighs the procompetitive benefit." But then it decided the case without balancing anything.
The term "balancing" is a very poor label for what courts actually do in these cases. Balancing requires that two offsetting effects …
Not Treble Damages: Cartel Recoveries Are Mostly Less Than Single Damages, John M. Connor, Robert H. Lande Jul 2015
Not Treble Damages: Cartel Recoveries Are Mostly Less Than Single Damages, John M. Connor, Robert H. Lande
Antitrust law provides treble damages for victims of antitrust violations, but the vast majority of private cases settle. The average or median size of these settlements relative to the overcharges involved has, until now, been only the subject of anecdotes or speculation. To ascertain what we term "Recovery Ratios," we assembled a sample consisting of every completed private U.S. cartel case discovered from 1990 to mid-2014 for which we could find the necessary information. For each of these 71 cases we collected, we assembled neutral scholarly estimates of affected commerce and overcharges. We compared these to the damages secured in …
The Actavis Inference: Theory And Practice, Aaron S. Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro Apr 2015
The Actavis Inference: Theory And Practice, Aaron S. Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro
In FTC v. Actavis, Inc., the Supreme Court considered "reverse payment" settlements of patent infringement litigation. In such a settlement, a patentee pays the alleged infringer to settle, and the alleged infringer agrees not to enter the market for a period of time. The Court held that a reverse payment settlement violates antitrust law if the patentee is paying to avoid competition. The core insight of Actavis is the Actavis Inference: a large and otherwise unexplained payment, combined with delayed entry, supports a reasonable inference of harm to consumers from lessened competition.
This paper is an effort to assist courts …
Actavis And Error Costs: A Reply To Critics, Aaron S. Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro Oct 2014
Actavis And Error Costs: A Reply To Critics, Aaron S. Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro
The Supreme Court's opinion in Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, Inc. provided fundamental guidance about how courts should handle antitrust challenges to reverse payment patent settlements. In our previous article, Activating Actavis, we identified and operationalized the essential features of the Court's analysis. Our analysis has been challenged by four economists, who argue that our approach might condemn procompetitive settlements.
As we explain in this reply, such settlements are feasible, however, only under special circumstances. Moreover, even where feasible, the parties would not actually choose such a settlement in equilibrium. These considerations, and others discussed in the reply, serve to …
Patent Exclusions And Antitrust After Therasense, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Dec 2013
Patent Exclusions And Antitrust After Therasense, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
A patent may be held invalid if it was obtained by "inequitable conduct" before the PTO during the process of patent prosecution. In its Therasense decision the Federal Circuit imposed severe requirements against those attempting to defend against a patent on the basis of inequitable conduct, insisting that inequitable conduct be measured essentially by a subjective test. Objective "reasonable person" tests such as negligence or even gross negligence will not suffice. By contrast, the Supreme Court has insisted that the conduct giving rise to a wrongful infringement action violating the antitrust laws be initially based on an objective test – …
Activating Actavis, Aaron Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro Oct 2013
Activating Actavis, Aaron Edlin, C. Scott Hemphill, Herbert J. Hovenkamp, Carl Shapiro
In Federal Trade Commission v. Actavis, Inc., the Supreme Court provided fundamental guidance about how courts should handle antitrust challenges to reverse payment patent settlements. The Court came down strongly in favor of an antitrust solution to the problem, concluding that "an antitrust action is likely to prove more feasible administratively than the Eleventh Circuit believed." At the same time, Justice Breyer's majority opinion acknowledged that the Court did not answer every relevant question. The opinion closed by "leav[ing] to the lower courts the structuring of the present rule-of-reason antitrust litigation."
This article is an effort to help courts and …
Innovation And Competition Policy, Ch. 3 (2nd Ed.): Harm To Competition Or Innovation, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Apr 2013
Innovation And Competition Policy, Ch. 3 (2nd Ed.): Harm To Competition Or Innovation, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
This book of CASES AND MATERIALS ON INNOVATION AND COMPETITION POLICY is intended for educational use. The book is free for all to use subject to an open source license agreement. It differs from IP/antitrust casebooks in that it considers numerous sources of competition policy in addition to antitrust, including those that emanate from the intellectual property laws themselves, and also related issues such as the relationship between market structure and innovation, the competitive consequences of regulatory rules governing technology competition such as net neutrality and interconnection, misuse, the first sale doctrine, and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). Chapters …
Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction Under The Antitrust Laws, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Feb 2013
Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction Under The Antitrust Laws, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
The Ninth Circuit may soon consider whether challenges to antitrust activity that occurs abroad must invariably be addressed under the rule of reason, which will make criminal prosecution difficult or impossible.
When antitrust cases involve foreign conduct, the courts customarily appraise its substantive antitrust significance only after deciding whether the Sherman Act reaches the activity. Nevertheless, "jurisdictional" and "substantive" inquiries are not wholly independent. Both reflect two sound propositions: that Congress did not intend American antitrust law to rule the entire commercial world and that Congress knew that domestic economic circumstances often differ from those abroad where mechanical application of …
Competition In Information Technologies: Standards-Essential Patents, Non-Practicing Entities And Frand Bidding, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Jan 2013
Competition In Information Technologies: Standards-Essential Patents, Non-Practicing Entities And Frand Bidding, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
Standard Setting is omnipresent in networked information technologies. Virtually every cellular phone, computer, digital camera or similar device contains technologies governed by a collaboratively developed standard. If these technologies are to perform competitively, the processes by which standards are developed and implemented must be competitive. In this case attaining competitive results requires a mixture of antitrust and non-antitrust legal tools.
FRAND refers to a firm's ex ante commitment to make its technology available at a "fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory royalty." The FRAND commitment results from bidding to have one's own technology selected as a standard. Typically the FRAND commitment is …
Merger Settlement And Enforcement Policy For Optimal Deterrence And Maximum Welfare, Steven C. Salop Jan 2013
Merger Settlement And Enforcement Policy For Optimal Deterrence And Maximum Welfare, Steven C. Salop
Merger enforcement today relies on settlements more than litigation to resolve anti-competitive concerns. The impact of settlement policy on welfare and the proper goals of settlement policy are highly controversial. Some argue that gun-shy agencies settle for too little while others argue that agencies use their power to delay to extract over-reaching settlement terms, even when mergers are not welfare-reducing. This article uses decision theory to throw light on this controversy. The goal of this article is to formulate and analyze agency merger enforcement and settlement commitment policies in the face of imperfect information, litigation costs, and delay risks by …
The Strategic Use Of Public And Private Litigation In Antitrust As Business Strategy, D. Daniel Sokol Mar 2012
The Strategic Use Of Public And Private Litigation In Antitrust As Business Strategy, D. Daniel Sokol
UF Law Faculty Publications
This Article claims that there may be a subset of cases in which private rights of action may work with public rights as an effective strategy for a firm to raise costs against rival dominant firms. A competitor firm may bring its own case (which is costly) and/or have government bring a case on its behalf (which is less costly). Alternatively, if the competitor firm has sufficient financial resources, it can pursue an approach that employs both strategies simultaneously. This situation of public and private misuse of antitrust may not happen often. As the Article will explore, it is not …
Antitrust's "Jurisdictional" Reach Abroad, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Dec 2011
Antitrust's "Jurisdictional" Reach Abroad, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
In its Arbaugh decision the Supreme Court insisted that a federal statute's limitation on reach be regarded as "jurisdictional" only if the legislature was clear that this is what it had in mind. The Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvement Act (FTAIA) presents a puzzle in this regard, because Congress seems to have been quite clear about what it had in mind; it simply failed to use the correct set of buzzwords in the statute itself, and well before Arbaugh assessed this requirement.
Even if the FTAIA is to be regarded as non-jurisdictional, the constitutional extraterritorial reach of the Sherman Act is …
A Primer On Antitrust Damages, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Mar 2011
A Primer On Antitrust Damages, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
This paper considers the theory of antitrust damages and then discusses some simple models for proving them. Antitrust damages theory begins with the premise that many practices alleged to violate the antitrust laws cause no consumer harm. Others are inefficient and have few socially redeeming virtues. Still others may simultaneously increase both the efficiency of the participants and their market power. A perfectly designed antitrust policy would exonerate the first set of practices, condemn the second set, and condemn the third set only when the social cost of the restraint exceeds its social value or they produce net harm to …
Quantification Of Harm In Private Antitrust Actions In The United States, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Feb 2011
Quantification Of Harm In Private Antitrust Actions In The United States, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
This paper discusses the theory and experience of United States courts concerning the quantification of harm in antitrust cases. This treatment pertains to both the social cost of antitrust violations, and to the private damage mechanisms that United States antitrust law has developed. It is submitted for the Roundtable on the Quantification of Harm to Competition by National Courts and Competition Agencies, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Feb., 2011.
In a typical year more than 90% of antitrust complaints filed in the United States are by private plaintiffs rather than the federal government. Further, when the individual states …
Leegin, The Rule Of Reason, And Vertical Agreement, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Dec 2010
Leegin, The Rule Of Reason, And Vertical Agreement, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
The Supreme Court's Leegin decision overturned the longstanding rule of per se illegality for resale price maintenance and applied a rule of reason. One might think that the question whether a vertical "agreement" exists between a manufacturer and a dealer should not be affected by the mode of analysis to be applied after an agreement is found. First one asks whether an agreement exists, and determines whether the per se rule or rule of reason applies only after receiving an affirmative answer. Nevertheless, ever since Colgate the Supreme Court has generally taken a more restrictive approach on the agreement issue …
Vertical Restraints, Dealers With Power, And Antitrust Policy, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Dec 2010
Vertical Restraints, Dealers With Power, And Antitrust Policy, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
The Supreme Court's Leegin decision has now brought the rule of reason to all purely vertical intrabrand distribution restraints. But the rule of reason does not mean per se legality and occasions for anticompetitive vertically imposed restraints may still arise. Of all those that have been suggested the most plausible are vertical restraints imposed at the behest of a powerful dealer or group (cartel) of dealers.
Although a vertical distribution restraint resembles a dealer cartel in that both limit intraband competition, a manufacturer restraining the distribution of its product shuns the excess dealer profits a dealer cartel would seek. Accordingly, …
A Decision-Theoretic Rule Of Reason For Minimum Resale Price Maintenance, Thom Lambert Jan 2010
A Decision-Theoretic Rule Of Reason For Minimum Resale Price Maintenance, Thom Lambert
This article evaluates these approaches from the perspective of decision theory and, finding each lacking, proposes an alternative approach to structuring the rule of reason governing RPM. Part II sets forth the decision-theoretic perspective, which seeks to maximize the net benefits of liability rules by minimizing the sum of decision and error costs. Part III then evaluates, from the standpoint of decision theory, the proposed approaches to evaluating instances of RPM. Part IV proposes an alternative evaluative approach that is more consistent with decision theory's insights.
New Options For State Indirect Purchaser Legislation: Protecting The Real Victims Of Antitrust Violations, Robert H. Lande Jan 2010
New Options For State Indirect Purchaser Legislation: Protecting The Real Victims Of Antitrust Violations, Robert H. Lande
In Illinois Brick v. Illinois Co., the Supreme Court held that, under federal antitrust law, only direct purchasers have standing to sue antitrust violators for damages. Since most products travel through one or more intermediaries before reaching consumers, this decision left most true victims of illegal cartels and other antitrust violations without a remedy to compensate them. Illinois Brick Co. also had the effect of undermining the objective of optimal deterrence of antitrust violations-because direct purchasers often have a suboptimal incentive to sue, the Court's decision often allows violators to escape paying significant damages. For this reason firms are insufficiently …
Optimizing Private Antitrust Enforcement, Daniel A. Crane Jan 2010
Optimizing Private Antitrust Enforcement, Daniel A. Crane
Private litigation is the predominant means of antitrust enforcement in the United States. Other jurisdictions around the world are increasingly implementing private enforcement models. Private enforcement is usually justified on either compensation or deterrence grounds. While the choice between these two goals matters, private litigation is not very effective at advancing either one. Compensation fails because the true economic victims of most antitrust violations are usually downstream consumers who are too numerous and remote to locate and compensate. Deterrence is ineffective because the time lag between the planning of the violation and the legal judgment day is usually so long …
Did We Avoid Historical Failures Of Antitrust Enforcement During The 2008-2009 Financial Crisis?, Daniel A. Crane Jan 2010
Did We Avoid Historical Failures Of Antitrust Enforcement During The 2008-2009 Financial Crisis?, Daniel A. Crane
During both economic crises and wars, times of severe national anxiety, antitrust has taken a back seat to other political and regulatory objectives. Antitrust enforcement has often been a political luxury good, consumed only during periods of relative peace and prosperity. In 1890, the Sherman Act's adoption kicked off the era of national antitrust enforcement. Barely three years later, the panic of 1893 provided the first major test to the national appetite for antitrust enforcement. Perhaps 1893 should not be included in the story: antitrust was still young, and it was not even clear that the Sherman Act applied to …
Does Monopoly Broth Make Bad Soup?, Daniel A. Crane Jan 2010
Does Monopoly Broth Make Bad Soup?, Daniel A. Crane
There is an oft-repeated maxim in U.S. antitrust law that a monopolist's conduct must be examined in its totality in order to determine its legality. Judges admonish that plaintiffs "should be given the full benefit of their proof without tightly compartmentalizating the various factual components and wiping the slate clean after scrutiny of each." As the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit stated in much-quoted language, "It is the mix of various ingredients ... in a monopoly broth that produces the unsavory flavor."' In this article, I examine the use and misuse of monopoly broth theories. Reflecting a …
The Pleading Problem In Antitrust Cases And Beyond, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Jan 2010
The Pleading Problem In Antitrust Cases And Beyond, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
In its Twombly decision the Supreme Court held that an antitrust complaint failed because its allegations did not include enough "factual matter" to justify proceeding to discovery. Two years later the Court extended this new pleading standard to federal complaints generally. Twombly's broad language has led to a broad rewriting of federal pleading doctrine.
Naked market division conspiracies such as the one pled in Twombly must be kept secret because antitrust enforcers will prosecute them when they are detected. This inherent secrecy, which the Supreme Court did not discuss, has dire consequences for pleading if too much factual specificity …
Slides: Water Leasing In The Lower Arkansas Valley: The "Super Ditch Company", Peter Nichols Jun 2009
Slides: Water Leasing In The Lower Arkansas Valley: The "Super Ditch Company", Peter Nichols
Western Water Law, Policy and Management: Ripples, Currents, and New Channels for Inquiry (Martz Summer Conference, June 3-5)
Presenter: Peter NIchols, Trout, Raley, Montano, Witwer & Freeman, Denver, CO
The Walker Process Doctrine: Infringement Lawsuits As Antitrust Violations, Herbert J. Hovenkamp Sep 2008
The Walker Process Doctrine: Infringement Lawsuits As Antitrust Violations, Herbert J. Hovenkamp
Antitrust law's Walker Process doctrine permits a patent infringement defendant to show that an improperly maintained infringement action constitutes unlawful monopolization or an unlawful attempt to monopolize. The infringement defendant must show both that the lawsuit is improper, which establishes the conduct portion of the violation and generally satisfies tort law requirements, and also that the structural prerequisites for the monopolization offense are present. The doctrine also applies to non-patent infringement actions and has been applied by the Supreme Court to copyright infringement actions. Walker Process itself somewhat loosely derives from the Supreme Court's Noerr-Pennington line of cases holding that …
Transnational Regulatory Litigation, Hannah Buxbaum Jan 2006
Transnational Regulatory Litigation, Hannah Buxbaum
Articles by Maurer Faculty
Recent years have seen much debate about the role of national courts in addressing global harms. That debate has focused on the application by domestic courts of international law - for instance, in civil actions brought in U.S. courts to enforce human rights law. This article identifies a parallel development in the area of economic regulation. It classifies and analyzes a category of cases that seek the application of regulatory law by domestic courts in situations involving global economic misconduct. Like the public international law cases, these cases highlight the tension between the benefits to be gained by enhanced enforcement …
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YWCA Greater Charleston's #WhatWomenBring Event To Honor Ten Women Leaders from Nine Industries
Ten of South Carolina's top women leaders across nine industries will take the stage at YWCA Greater Charleston's fourth annual #WhatWomenBring. The event will take place virtually at 11 am on October 27, 2021.
To be introduced by event host Octavia Mitchell (right), Charleston's Emmy award-winning WCBD News 2 TV anchor, the women will candidly field questions from an audience of all ages, genders, and races, with topics ranging from gender bias, the gender wage gap, the glass ceiling, succeeding as a woman of color, and health disparities, among others.
The honorees include:
BUSINESS: Janet Bates
A construction industry veteran who currently heads business development for JE Dunn Construction, Bates aims to change the face of construction so young girls can see themselves in any role in the industry. She is the past president and a founding member of the Palmetto Chapter of the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC), and has served as both NAWIC South Atlantic Regional Membership chair and National Chapter Development co-chair. Her work garnered her national recognition as NAWIC's 2019 Future Leader of the Year. She also sits on the board of the Charleston Metro Chamber of Commerce and its regional policy council. She holds an MBA from the University of North Carolina.
COMMUNITY: Marguerite Archie-Hudson, Ph.D
As a former president of Talladega College, Dr. Archie-Hudson was the first African American woman to head a four-year institution in the state of Alabama. She went on to serve as a member of the California State Legislature, where she signed 45 bills into law and created the California Science Center, nationally recognized as a premier science education center. She has also served as The Links, Incorporated's Southern area legislative issues chair, where she was responsible for legislative policy leadership for 79 chapters in seven states. Today she serves as associate professor of public policy at the College of Charleston. She holds degrees from Talladega College, the University of California, and Harvard University.
COMMUNITY: Ericka L. Plater
A passionate, service-driven nonprofit leader, speaker, and growth coach originally hailing from Washington, DC, Plater is an active advocate for equitable opportunities for women, children, and communities of color. She currently serves as executive director for Our Lady of Mercy Community Outreach, where she focuses on addressing the root causes of poverty, creating systemic change, and helping create and sustain equitable and inclusive communities. She has also served as senior director of diversity and inclusion for the Council on Foundations, led workshops for women in girls in collaboration with the D.C. Rape Crisis Center, and served on multiple boards. She holds an MBA and M.S. degree from the University of Maryland.
EDUCATION: Audrey K.S. Lane
A proud native of Columbia, S.C. with a passion for community empowerment, Lane works to influence the landscape of Charleston's public education system. She leads E3 – Educate, Empower, and Elevate, an organization she co-founded to create high-quality educational options for Black and Brown students, where the desires and needs of families are central. Prior to launching E3, she served as chief of access and equity for the South Carolina Public Charter School District, the executive director of the Royal Foundation, and the deputy for human capital development for the Charleston County School District. She holds an MBA from DePaul University.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Chajuanna (C.J.) Gathers
Born to a long line of preachers and motivational speakers, Gathers founded The WE Group, a women's empowerment group, in 2017. Best known for its empowerment assemblies where women come together to engage in healing conversations in an intimate and safe environment, her organization avidly promotes women entrepreneurs and seeks to deliver emotional and spiritual healing to women while promoting their dreams, visions, and goals. She holds a bachelor's degree in religion and philosophy from Benedict College. She holds the philosophy that our experiences don't only belong to us, but are to help others.
HEALTHCARE: Dr. Kimberly Butler Willis
As director of community health for Roper St. Francis Healthcare in Charleston, Dr. Kimberly Butler Wills, Ph.D, CHES, CDP, works alongside a multidisciplinary team of 50+ healthcare professionals in five departments to provide care to the tri-county's most vulnerable and underserved. She is also the co-founder of the equity-centered GOODSTOCK Consulting, LLC. At both, her focus is on promoting equity for those served, especially the marginalized and communities of color. She has been recognized as one of the South Carolina Black Pages' 20 Under 40, and holds both a PhD and a Master of Public Health in health promotion, education, and behavior from the University of South Carolina.
LAW: The Honorable Myesha Latrice Brown
Elected as a judge in 2019, the Honorable Myesha L. Brown splits her time between the bench and the MLB Law Firm, which she founded 11 years ago. In addition to compassionately exercising her judicial duties, she represents clients in family law matters and serious criminal charges. A previous public defender, she is an honors graduate of the Charleston School of Law, where she served as president of the Black Law Students Association, and sits on the board of the Tri-Community Center. She credits her mentor, a female judge, for assisting her entry into law; today she herself mentors young women. She also enjoys fostering the arts and developing programs to keep communities safe.
MEDIA: Rhonda Maree O'Banion
In her leadership role as manager of media relations at Dominion Energy, O'Banion not only leads a team of communications professionals, she also sits on the organization's Community Investment Board, Diversity and Inclusion Council, and Social Justice Review Committee. She is also a member of its African American Resource Group. She holds a master's degree in mass communication from the University of South Carolina, has taught communications courses as an adjunct instructor, is a past president of the S.C. Chapter of the International Association of Business Communicators, and has received industry recognition for excellence. She is also a Leadership Energy Carolinas graduate and a member of the American Association of Blacks in Energy.
RISING STAR: Adia Dunn
A fierce advocate for human and women's rights, Adia Dunn is a young woman to watch! She has held multiple leadership roles in her school and the community, including serving as student body president at Hanahan High School and on the Hanahan Youth Advisory Council. She is currently pursuing her bachelor's degree in political science at Howard University, where she intends to also earn her juris doctorate with an interest in human rights. Her goal is to obtain a position of influence where she can effect policy change—but she isn't waiting until she's done to make a difference. She often uses her social media platforms to raise awareness of racial and social justice, gain signatures for petitions, and attend protests, changing the way her peers see issues of racial equity and women's rights.
THE ARTS: Fer Caggiano
An acclaimed painter, Brazil native Fer Caggiano is a Piccolo Spoleto artist whose award-winning work has been exhibited and collected around the world. She is also the creator of "Like A Girl: Dare to Dream," an exhibition of 40 portraits of inspirational women, including previous #WhatWomenBring honorees Kenya Dunn and Dr. Reshma Khan, designed to empower women and young girls to reach their full potential. She has practiced as an artist in London, Brazil, and Charleston. Her drive comes from her lifelong desire to protect the world; her mission is to use art as a voice for the greater good.
People and teams from organizations across South Carolina and the world are again invited to attend this year's virtual What Women Bring event at no charge. Individual registration is open now at www.ywcagc.org/wwb-2021. All are welcome.
Related Topics:Fer CaggianoOctavia MitchellYWCA Greater Charleston
North Charleston PAC to Host An Evening With Chevy Chase Following a Screening of "Christmas Vacation"
High Wire Distilling Co. to Host Release Party for Benton's Smoked Jimmy Red Corn Whiskey


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Rupert Goodwins' Diary
Rupert doesn't beat around the Bush when turning down what appears to be a good offer...
By Rupert Goodwins | February 27, 2004 -- 17:05 GMT (09:05 PST) | Topic: Tech Industry
This week is Mobile Week - with 3GSM kicking off in Cannes and the announcement of a billion GSM subscribers worldwide, things have never looked better for the industry. Reports from Cannes tell of unmatched hospitality and corporate confidence at an all-time high - with something like thirty billion dollars a month coming into the industry from calls alone, people have realised that not only have they survived the bad times but they're positively prospering.
That may not be entirely true for the 3G people, who are still heavily in debt for mammoth licence fees and infrastructure rollouts and have yet to see the masses come flocking to their videophones. It's dawned on them that just having something fancy won't do the job: they need to compete on price with the existing networks.
One such attempt is 3's new ThreePay service, launched today. The PR phones our noble editor, Matt Loney, and enthuses away: one call tariff to all networks at all times, great discounts for higher users, set to revolutionise the market, yada yada yada. In fact, she continues, we have a report prepared that shows all this in great detail.
"Great!" says Matt. "Where on the Web site is it?"
"Um, it's not on the Web site quite yet. It's very new," says the PR.
"OK, well, email it over then."
"Can't exactly do that," admits 3.
"Is it available on any electronic format?"
"Not as such, no."
"So how do we get it?"
"We'll bike a copy over!" she says, brightly.
Matt counted to three, and politely declined. We didn't quite manage to write up 3's fabbo report for some reason, but as soon as the company gets the hang of this modern communications lark we'll be sure to bring it to your attention just as soon as the boy with the cleft stick is back from his lunch break.
Don't all rush at once, but you can now buy a licence for Linux. This exceptional opportunity comes courtesy of those nice chaps at SCO, who have found the time between their busy legal schedules of suing and being sued to put an online ordering service up for all to enjoy. And it's a bargain -- just $49 gets you an annual desktop licence.
Of course, SCO declines to identify exactly what parts of Linux this covers, so you'll just have to trust them that there's stuff in there worth $49. You'll also have to trust them that they actually own the Unix copyright they claim, not trust Novell who claim otherwise, and take SCO's word for it that you couldn't get rid of the Unix components in Linux even if you knew what they were. Which you don't: even $49 doesn't buy you that information. There's also the little matter of believing them when they say that when they distributed Linux under the GPL they didn't know what they were doing and thus can't be held accountable.
Back from getting that nice, warm, licensed, $49 glow? Good. You'll be pleased to know that you're among an army of.. oh, how many licensees is it now, SCO? Hello? The company isn't going to tell us exactly how many, but we can trust them on that too. You get a lot of trust in return for your money with SCO.
Unfortunately, some cynical people don't feel the love. One is Fyodor, the singularly named author of the hacker's favourite network tool, nmap. He's got a new release out with many improvements and additions -- and one significant retraction. SCO, he writes, is no longer allowed to distribute nmap with any of its software -- and all the SCO platforms are no longer supported.
It's a token gesture: anyone can download nmap and use it as they like, so no actual users will be inconvenienced. But it may be the start of a much bigger movement disconnecting SCO from the rest of the world. That'll be a big price to pay for those 49 dollars.
The irresistible rise of the wireless network is getting faster, in all sorts of ways. Sales of the 54Mbps 802.11g standard is likely to outpace 802.11b's slowpoke 10Mbps for the first time this year, says a report , while elsewhere Linksys says that there are four million wireless networks in the UK and there'll be double that number by the end of the year. Well, perhaps. People tend to get broadband first and then get the urge to radiate: even if all three million broadband subjects of Her Majesty are currently hooked up to radio that leaves a lot of slack to take up.
But I fear dark times ahead. One of the lessons of the wireless revolution is that the market rewarded those who were a little keen to get their non-standard kit out before the 802.11g paperwork had been finished. This is not a lesson lost on Intel and pals, who are doing a similar trick with ultrawideband, and it doesn't look good for the next generation of 100Mbps wireless, 802.11n. At some point, all this potential incompatibility will turn around and bite us on the bum: when next door's SupaWizo gigabit video link decides to disagree with your BustaBit home audio distribution system, who's going to sort out the mess?
It's unlikely to be the late lamented Radiocommunications Agency, of whom I've had such nice things to say in the past. Now absorbed in the Ofcom amoeba, vast tranches of previously useful links into the RA's Web site now come up with a sorry apology -- as I find when I go hunting for the official specifications for what you can and can't do with your wireless LAN. Friends who have been setting up subtly naughty networks -- beaming the signal across kilometres using far too efficient aerials, for example -- report that the chances of being caught doing this are smaller than finding someone with a SCO Linux licence. The temptation to ladle ever more clever and non-standard equipment into the mix will grow unabated, people will start to add more power to overcome their interfering neighbours and frontier law will rule.
You read it here first.
One advantage the music industry has always had over the IT world is that you get much juicier lawsuits (SCO's sterling efforts to redress the balance notwithstanding). There's a never-ending stream of famous and dysfunctional people throwing their vast wealth into fights with each other, their record labels, their drug dealers, hapless journalists, the hapless journalists' drug dealers, and anyone else who's dissed them. The IT world tends to have men in suits battering on about subtle matters of intellectual property while the record biz has people like Prince appearing on telly with SLAVE written all over their tiny bods in ballpoint pen. And let's not even get started with Courtney Love.
But Apple, bless it, is sufficiently enamoured of showbiz litigation glitz that it keeps encouraging people on the other side to sue it. This week we've seen Enimen take the company to court over an advert that showed a young man singing along to one of the rapper's top tunes while listening to an iPod: the computer company had failed to ask permission for this, and as Marshall Mathers has never let his stuff be used in any advertising the fallout should be spectacular.
That's the new stuff. The old stuff is one of the longest running shows in the business - Apple versus Apple. When Apple (the computer company) started up, it didn't take long for Apple (the record label) to spot the similarities between their names and their logos - and as Apple (trl) had been around for a lot longer, it felt somewhat aggrieved. The case was finally settled in 1991, with Apple (tcc) coughing up a sum of money and agreeing not to do anything with music. Some perturbations in the Force occurred subsequently when Apple (tcc) products sprouted multimedia capabilities, but these were soon smoothed over.
iTunes, however, is a different kettle of drums. With a crash of cymbals, Apple (tcc) has turned itself into a major music distributor and dispenser of musical devices, and faster than you can select While My Lawyer Gently Weeps on your iPod Mini the blue meanies at Apple (trl) are back in court waving their papers and demanding that this heinous nonsense be sorted out forthwith.
What's so funny about peace, love and understanding, eh? I am immediately tempted to turn the whole thing into Apple: The Musical, with evil Steve pitted against peaceful Paul. I'd have to set up a holding company called Apple and Apple, of course, just for the joy of getting them both to sue me and kick off Apple and Apple versus Apple and Apple. It'd be par for the cores.
I'm bashing away on the keyboard at home when the phone rings. It is a cheerful Northerner, who is keen to sell me on a fantastic offer my bank is doing on credit cards. It sounds like a good deal -- six months' interest free transfer of my existing balances, decent rate thereafter, of the sort I know a few friends have been taking up. It's cheaper than getting a normal loan. Ah, how much we all owe! What will become of us? But that's a problem for later.
So, unusually for a cold call, I'm receptive to the man. We go through the usual preambles and I'm mentally ticking off my normal reservations, when he says something that rings a warning bell.
"You understand that this will be a contract between yourself, the bank and MBNA..."
"Ah, hold on," I say. "MBNA?"
"Yes, the bank is the branding but MBNA runs the card... they're a big independent credit card company."
"Yes, I know. Sorry, I'm not interested."
"Eh?" says my friendly telesales bod.
As luck would have it, I'd been rummaging through some US political activist blogs last night and come across a campaign to boycott those companies who contribute most to the Republican election funds. High on the list was MBNA: people who were perhaps not keen on Bush's re-election were being encouraged to cut up their cards and write a stiff note to the company. I didn't have a card, but here was an even more convenient way to register my dislike of the chap. I rattled off a Google search.
"MBNA," I said. "Four million dollars to Bush last election, and probably more this time. I don't support the man and I don't want to help him. So, sorry. Not interested."
Ooops. We've gone off-script.
"I've never heard that one before! So you'll not be rooting for him in November?"
"No, I really don't approve of anything he does. There's an Internet campaign underway to stop people using MBNA, so you might hear it a few more times now."
"I completely understand. I feel just the same way myself. Sorry for bothering you!"
And with that, our brief conversation ended. Last week in San Fransisco, I had to disappoint a couple of register-to-vote campaigners by saying I very much doubted the American state wanted my opinion on such matters. But now I hope there's a call report percolating upwards that will do some good in some way.
And who else is on the list of big Bush boosters www.boycottbush.net/consumers.htm - above even MBNA? Why, it appears to be Microsoft! Five million dollars, you say?
Thanks, but I'd rather pass.
More from Rupert Goodwins
RISC-V opens up processor design
5G New Radio: The technical background
New 5G business models
Spectre and Meltdown: Insecurity at the heart of modern CPU design


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Tribute to the achievements of Network European Movement Germany
Network European Movement Germany was presented with the EurActiv Award for Debating Europe Nationally in Brussels last night (12 November). This prize is awarded in recognition of the work performed by the Network to communicate European policy. The jury believes events, dialogue fora, briefings and EU analyses form a successful communication model with which the Movement manages to explain the complex political processes between EU institutions and the member states to the citizens.
Minister of State Dr Werner Hoyer paid tribute today (13 November) to the work of Network European Movement Germany:
"The award rightly underscores the major achievements of Network European Movement in communicating European policy in Germany.
Europe has to be a project of all citizens as it is our shared future. Transparency, closeness to the citizens and a strong democratic foundation are therefore absolutely decisive.
That is why we want to continue to work together with Network European Movement Germany and its member organizations and interest groups so that Europe enjoys strong support in our society."
Network European Movement today includes more than 170 civil society interest groups and has been an institutional partner of the Federal Government on European policy for 60 years. The Federal Foreign Office works closely with the Movement in the sphere of communication and provides funding of more than 300,000 euro annually.
20.01.2021 Speech
Speech by Federal Foreign Minster Heiko Maas at the virtual conference "Human Rights in the Era of AI: Europe as an international standard setter for Artificial Intelligence"
Former Federal Minister Christian Schmidt, Member of the German Bundestag, to submit candidacy for the Office of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina


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