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HomeLecture BooksAnimal Nature and Human Nature
I should probably never have undertaken to write a work of this kind had it not been for the honour conferred upon me by the University of St. Andrews in appointing me Gifford Lecturer for the years 1969–71. The will of Lord Gifford instructed the Lecturers to deal with natural religion and "to treat their subject as a strictly natural science, the greatest of all possible sciences…" It is also specifically stated that the Lecturers shall be under no restraint whatever in the treatment of their themes. Faced with an opportunity of this kind one naturally gives careful thought to the topic and scope of one's lectures, and I chose my title, bearing in mind several related reasons.
Firstly our views on human nature are fundamental to the whole development, indeed the whole future, of society in this epoch of an overpopulation catastrophe. It is only too clear, and not in the least surprising, that human life appears to be less generally valued than at any time in the past hundred years or more. There are a number of possible reasons for this, but two of them are I think particularly clear. Firstly there are already too many people in the world so that, however humane and benevolent we may be, one cannot help feeling a twinge of satisfaction (if the disaster is not too near us, personally) at anything which reduces the population a little, however trivially. Secondly the widespread, often subconscious, acceptance of the outdated view of science, that man is simply the product of vast machine-like evolutionary forces, can easily lead to a hopeless loss of faith in the value of human beings and a consequent sense of the futility and purposelessness of our existence. It accordingly seemed to me that the position of Man in the animal kingdom, his evolutionary relationships to the rest of the living world, as far as these can be reasonably presumed, is one of the most important and significant topics to which a biologist can address himself. And granting this, it is essential that people should be shown both the characteristics in which the animal world approaches, and in some cases greatly exceeds, mankind in achievement and those characteristics of man that cause us sometimes to feel that we are brutes and at other times that we are gods.
I felt convinced that it would be futile to talk in general terms about the similarities and differences between animal and human nature because, in spite of many popular works on both, the field is vast and complex; moreover knowledge is accumulating at a formidable rate. This means that the particular facts that are relative to such a discussion must be selected and marshalled with the immediate ends of the discussion constantly in mind.
A matter of prime importance emerged as soon as I began to think seriously about lecturing and writing on such a topic—namely this: it would be useless to launch into a consideration of man, how far he is unique and how far he is just an exceptional animal, without first examining the question of the origin of the lower animals and indeed of life itself; for if the lowest forms of life are fully explicable in terms of non-living existence—that is to say if all the features of any living organism can be fully described in terms of chemistry and physics—then it would be that much more probable that Man himself could be "explained" in purely animal terms, and thus, as a further remove, in terms of the world of physics and chemistry. So the problem of the nature and origin of life at once became basic to the whole enquiry.
As will be seen, the answer becomes surprisingly definite. The general trend of the work of philosophers of science in the last half century has been increasingly to make clear that in spite of the enormous progress of science in explaining the complex in terms of the simple, and special cases as instances of general laws, there are big and seemingly unbridgeable discontinuities in the account of the world as we range from the supposed "primordial gases" and particles to this stupendously complex and awesomely great universe which we now realise we inhabit.
Thus it now seems clear that however perfect our knowledge of the details of any supposed "primordial nebula" might have been, and however thorough our understanding of the particles of which such a nebula could have been constituted, it would still have been logically impossible to have foretold the development of the world of heavy atoms such as carbon and iron on which life as we know it must depend. That is to say the world which the chemist studies can, it seems, never be fully explained and interpreted in terms of physics. Rather there seems to be a real discontinuity—a real unforeseeable emergence of something new. Similarly the marvellous epoch of discoveries of the genetic code through which we have recently lived seems, quite contrary to the popular belief, to make it far less comprehensible how life might have arisen from non-living than it was before. The possibilities of this having happened "by chance" are, so far as we can see, so infinitely improbable that science as such can hardly have an opinion to express. Life may have arisen many times in the history of the cosmos; it may on the other hand be absolutely unique and have arisen only once. Science has, as yet, no grounds for considering one alternative more probable than another. Similarly when we come to the other great frontier of knowledge, the relation between the private world of personal consciousness and the world picture resulting from the application of the scientific methods of, for instance, physics, biochemistry, genetics and physiology, we are again confronted with a seemingly unbridgeable gap where something truly and completely new appears to have emerged over the horizon.
Now it is clear that the scientist must always try to interpret and explain the complex in terms of the simple, the "higher" in terms of the "lower"; for that—reductionism as it is called—is of the very nature, the basic technique, of the scientific enterprise. Indeed all of us working scientists regard this as our universally applicable conceptual tool. Yet we have compelling logical reasons for believing that science, from its very nature, can never yield a complete self-coherent picture of the world. There will always be a residue, something behind and beyond, which science is unable to grasp.
The Lectures from which the book arose were given to a stimulating and rewarding audience which included undergraduate and graduate students and staff from several different faculties—scientific, philosophical, and theological. With such an audience comprising such a range of age, interests, and approaches I naturally strove for eclecticism, and this has inevitably influenced the form and content of the book. It also meant that the treatment had often to be cursory, and many topics might certainly have profited by much fuller discussion than I have given them. However the book is already larger than I intended it to be and to have extended it still further would have involved a two-volume work at least and a much longer delay in publication. Where I have gone into fuller detail, e.g., Chapter 3, it is because I feel that while the non-specialist reader may be fairly well acquainted with, say, the recent developments in the study of monkeys and apes, he is likely to know far less about the astounding behavioural and sensory abilities of some of the "lower animals." Yet the study of birds and fish and also of some of the invertebrates such as insects and sea anemones, and even humbler creatures, reveals facts which, in their way, are just as important as evidence for "animal nature."
I have tried to give references to the more important general works for more detailed study, without overburdening the bibliography unduly. However, Chapter 3 is something of an exception in that it contains so much new factual material, as yet little available in works of general reference. So here I felt more detailed citations and explanations to be desirable.
W. H. THORPE
Cambridge, November 1972
Animal Nature and Human Nature


3.0.1822 Mar 2019 18:05 minor feature: Version bumped to 3.0.18-SNAPSHOT . . . Index creation on complex field names. . Array selection on edge traversals in SQL from REST. . Usage of positional parameters in subqueries. . First attempt to concurrent creation on the same cluster in distr . . Remove Findas a dependency. . Made sure that we use the correct interrupt method il all the calls. . Centralized the management of all set online statements to avoid wron . . Removed delogging from distributed channels. . Forced reload of sequences and functions on remote metadata reload. . Add general API to choose cached/not cached execution planning for SQ . . Exclude BeanShell dependency. . Implementation of streamed full incremental backup. . Add support for incremental backup streaming for distributed sync. . Made sure to direct stream the backups for sync. . Made sure that delta sync use the streaming correctly. . Changed the old sync invalidation to keep the running stream open. . Interrupt the sync from the receiver thread in case of connection. Enable caching of DELETE VERTEX execution plan. . Remove javamail dependency (licensing). . on CheckIndexTool with indexes on collections. . Nested MATCH path evaluations with WHERE conditions. . Add test case for live queries on graph. . Base implementation for autoclosing storages on timeout. . Made the time snapshot on all the for the autosupport. . Add constructor to JDBC OrientDataSource to use OrientDB instance and . . Deprecated some not used anymore delete methods. . Prefetch linked edges and vertices in case of remote delete. . Trigger reinstall in case of of network failure on synching a database. . Minor in distributed sync logic. . Filtered from possible sync sources the nodes that may have just disc . . Made sure that the database install works even in case of distributed . . The prefetch on delete to load also the linked vertices. . Deleted the storage in case of failure of incremental sync. .
3.0.1708 Mar 2019 13:45 minor feature: V2 version of multi-value index. . ing of speed up of removal of entries in multi-value index. . Support of fast removal of null-rid entries in index. . Improved management of multiple entries. . Test for V1 multi value index was removed. . V2 version of CellBTree is made default one. . Merge branch '3.0.x' into m_multivalue. . Multi value entry serializer was renamed. . Multi value entry was renamed. . Failed tests were. version bumped to 3.0.17-SNAPSHOT. . Merge branch '3.0.x' into m_multivalue. . Speed of updates in CellBTree. . Revert "Speed of updates in CellBTree". . Merge branch 'm_multivalue' into 3.0.x. . Added setSessionInMills for testing purpose. . made sure that the database all the online status are active, in case . . Revert "Merge branch 'm_multivalue' into 3.0.x". . Merge branch '3.0.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 3.0.x. . Failure of remote index tests were. . Manage invalid RIDs (too high cluster ID) in SQL execution planning. . with delete edge sql in tx. . query execution with NULL parameter values (with indexes). . made sure that for locking index keys in distributed we make a copy o . . V2 version of multi-value index. . ing of speed up of removal of entries in multi-value index. . Support of fast removal of null-rid entries in index. . Improved management of multiple entries. . Test for V1 multi value index was removed. . Version of index is removed from manual index definition because it w . . Files are renamed to compilation failure (git does not recognise . . Latest version of index depends on algorithm name. . V2 version of CellBTree made default one. . Update history for v 3.0.17. . releasing OrientDB 3.0.17.
3.0.1628 Feb 2019 07:45 minor feature: Add check to avoid requests to block in case the server is still star . Add some logic of deadlock retry in distributed. . Avoid data load to block in case of server coming back online. . Avoided retry on local server locking when there is a distributed retry. . Version bumped to 3.0.16-SNAPSHOT. . Merge branch 'distributed_' into 3.0.x. . ByteBuffer is eagerly acquired. . Read cache buffer size was increased. . Usage of indexes in SQL SELECT when value is a RID. . NullPointerException on SQL ALTER PROPERTY. . Remove unneeded test class. . of index iterator. . Merge branch '3.0.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 3.0.x. . Refactor to make sure to allocate record ids inside lock for guarante . . Made sure to release network resources in case of thrown of a Error. . Metadata are updated only when it is needed. . Metadata are updated only when is needed. Part 2. . ClassCastException is in hash index. . All acquired for write entries are considered dirty. . Update history for v 3.0.16. . Query execution planning with batch variables and multiple indexe . . With scripts in distributed environment. . Added Distributed test for db.execute. . Made sure that in case of sync request timeout the database stay offline. . in delta sync with version management. . Update history for v 3.0.16. . Remove of index data files on drop database. . Incremental backup binary compatibility test. . Merge branch '3.0.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 3.0.x. . of NPE during conversion of configurations. . Revert "Incremental backup binary compatibility test.". . Update history for v 3.0.16. . of incremental backup sync. . of loading of external index. . Releasing OrientDB 3.0.16.
3.0.1514 Feb 2019 21:05 minor feature: version bumped to 3.0.15-SNAPSHOT . reduced password iterations for integration tests. . removed thread local in case of open failed in remote. . Changes to support incremental backup. . Merge branch '3.0.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 3.0.x. . with pool high concurrency when pool run out of resources. . Implementation of cluster based storage configuration. . Normalization of storage names. . Storage is removed from the list in case of abnormal initialization. . Deindex engine loading. . moveToClass() in legacy TinkerPop2 API. . Add option to disable return of execution plan from REST/JSON. . Encryption name is printed for each tree index. . of incremental backup. . result set serialisation (null OType). . Build failure was. . Merge branch '3.0.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 3.0.x. . Build failure was. . Build failure was, part 3. . Build failure was, part 4. . order of execution of LET statements in SQL. . SELECT FROM INDEX from a subquery. . an OSystemUser role when dbFilter was set to '*'. . locking on cuncurrent modification exception when a sing . . CHM based async. cache and WTinyLFU policy are introduced. . locking on high concurrent transactions on the same records. . Speed up of allocation of new pages. . Clearing of old cache pages. . Graceful handling of timer exceptions. . False error messages are not printed in write cache test. . Update history for v 3.0.15. . releasing OrientDB 3.0.15.
3.0.1425 Jan 2019 15:05 minor feature: Version bumped to 3.0.14-SNAPSHOT . Problem on waiting for start of backup start on distributed dat . . For the case of sync with incremental backup, add the wait for the ba . . String escaping in console. . Map() function to be recognised as an aggregate function from new . . Equality of DECIMAL values in SQL (scale). . For unique index key remove and add in the same transacti . . Made sure to use the right LSN for the delta sync after incremental f . . LSN lookup from the WAL for the case when there is no LSN. . Used concurrent hash map in the lock manager for avoid high concurren . . Replaced waiting with sleep for a backup done with a countdown latch. . SELECT from index with composite key. . Set log level to DEfor fuzzy checkpoint logs. . Nested projections to support `*: * `. . SQL UPDATE UPSERT with RETURN BEFORE to return empty record when . . of broken page on distributed cluster creation. . Merge branch '3.0.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 3.0.x. . Implemenatation of CellBTree index. . Binary compatibility was restored. . Optimize SELECT count(*) using indexes. . Wrong cleanup of thread local in case of multiple databases use. . Removed wrong final declarations. . Test failure for test order. . Update history for v 3.0.14. . Releasing OrientDB 3.0.14.
3.0.1303 Jan 2019 14:05 minor feature: version bumped to 3.0.13-SNAPSHOT . HA SET commands with new SQL executor. . Automatic initialisation of embedded collections on SQL UPDATE. . During page prefetch only data pages are read. . . restored original TP2 distribution scripts. . . quorum management in case of node disconnection. . ClassCastException on database import. . Add small optimisation to MATCH statement. . Do lazy traversal in MATH traverser. . Add lazy traversal on MATCH execution. . Package refactor for OHttpGraphRespons. . CREATE EDGE to avoid exceptions when the FROM does not exist. . reset of result sets on LET statements and projections. . Update history for v 3.0.13. . Update history for v 3.0.13. . releasing OrientDB 3.0.13.
3.0.1211 Dec 2018 18:05 minor feature: version bumped to 3.0.12-SNAPSHOT . calculation of SQL function parameters, also including context an . . Excluded classes are taken in account during database import. . Excluded classes are taken in account during database import. . JDBC ResultSet.wasNull(). . ORDER BY DESC with COLLATE. . order of evaluation of LET clauses in SQL. . NullPointerException on JDBC getByte() and getBoolean(). . Add --disable-history to OrientDB console. . SQL CONTAINS with lists of lists. . TX aware space management is implemented for clusters. . nested projections on INSERT RETURN statement. . Merge branch '3.0.x' into freespace_tx. . ClassCastException on old SQL executor. . No need to add default clusters during storage open. . Merge branch '3.0.x' into freespace_tx. . EE compilation were. Logging of stack trace during JVM error. . decoding of special characters (eg. n t ) in SQL strings inside . . Assertion error is during tests. . LINKSET usage in transaction. . ConcurrentModificationException on edge delete, when using LINKSE . . wrong pre-fetching of patterns in MATCH statement, when matched . . add missing extension on the list of storage extensions for correct d . . manage correctly the database status in case of incremental backup ba . . graph repair to avoid false positives. . CHM removed from OByteBufferPool. . Add checks to avoid wrong db drop from console. . false positives on CHECK DATABASE. . use of the correct database instance in case of distributed clu . . Update history for v 3.0.12. . releasing OrientDB 3.0.12.
3.0.615 Aug 2018 14:05 minor feature: Version bumped to 3.0.6-SNAPSHOT . Perform sync just after cluster/index is created but before it is reg . . Cluster files are overwritten on creation even if already exists. . Implement index usage in SQL on EMBEDDEDMAP fields with BY KEY or BY . . Removed not needed flags and parameters from record iterators. . Increased default size of the remote query page. . Refactor for avoid to send a transaction in case of index lookup of n . . Made sure to send the client transaction to the server also in case o . . CONTAINS operator on embedded maps. . Hanging ETL process. . Reduced this check from 10K/sec to be 200/sec. . Merge branch '3.0.x' of https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb . . Added an exception to waitForOnline() if the databaseName is OSystem. . Made sure that after the sync the node is aware of all the latest sta . . Speed up cluster creation. . Revert "made sure that after the sync the node is aware of all the la . . Update history for v 3.0.6. . Releasing OrientDB 3.0.6.
3.0.413 Jul 2018 15:25 minor feature: Version bumped to 3.0.4-SNAPSHOT . Parsing of Long.MIN_VALUE. . Setting regex constraint on properties from SQL. . Queries on cluster target: case insensitive cluster names. . Remove not needed configuration from distributed test. . Made sure that the backward compatible pool reuse sessions. Batch scripts in SQL functions. . Assignment of and variables for subqueries. . For #8382 (comment). . Handled retry of also rollback operations, logged retry and re-sync o . . Minor in distributed layer for null index management and error me . . Update history for v 3.0.4. . Made sure to allocate the same rids for both coordinator and other no . . Limit of retry for in en-queue of first phase distributed opera . . Made sure that we keep the locks on error for wait for the second phase. . Update history for v 3.0.4. . Converted additional logs to de. Releasing OrientDB 3.0.4.
3.0.304 Jul 2018 06:05 minor feature: PrjHub has been. . Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into . . in query execution plan in distributed when the database . . Implement optimization of index chains in new SQL executor. . Cleanup. . Cleanup. . Clenaup. . Logger in binary serializer v1. . Version of distributed task factory. . Moved trigger logic from hook to direct call. . Moved record level security logic from hook to direct call. . Removed thread local usage for access immutable class where possible. . Used the right check for changes from triggers. . . . Merge with develop. . Removed old database management from a distributed test, minor in. . .toJSON() with embedded lists in SQL. . Coding style reformat. . Removed the last embedded hooks. . Removed redudant null checking. . Reformatted code. . Disabled deadlock distributed test because is design do not take in a . . Merge branch 'optimizeSerializationHeader_new_flattenmap_tripleBuffer . . Was. . Merge branch 'markodjurovic-optimizeSerializationHeader_new_flattenma . . != operator in old SQL parser. . Was. . Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into . . Implement CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS in new SQL executor. . PrjHub was. Merge branch 'develop' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into . . Index query with IN condition. . NPE on query optimization. . Made sure that on function library the result set are. Removed install of lucene class on open that create on distributed. . Add checks for avoid errors on distributed layer network. . Update maven-surefire-report-plugin with surefire.version. . Add check for invalid rid serialization for tree ridbags. . Add distributed remote exception as suppressed exceptions of quorum n . . NPE on shortest path. . Make expand() function name case insensitive (backward compatible wit . . Add objectQuery() API to the object database. . ORid SQL component to manage legary parsing. .
2.2.3512 May 2018 03:05 minor feature: Version bumped to 2.2.35-SNAPSHOT . Index MT is. . Merge branch '2.2.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 2.2.x. . All components are unlocked in case of exception during tx execution. . PrjHub has been. . Version of distributed task factory. . .toJSON() with embedded lists in SQL. . Was. . Merge branch '2.2.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 2.2.x. . Was. . PrjHub was. Optimize CREATE LINK. . CREATE LINK. . Setting empty string as default value for a property. . Add checks for avoid errors on distributed layer network. . Has been. . Merge branch '2.2.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 2.2.x. . Update history for 2.2.35. . Releasing OrientDB 2.2.35.
2.2.3113 Dec 2017 06:25 minor feature: Use soft references in SQL SELECT result set . Implement missing methods in SoftQueryResultList. . contains() on SoftQueryResultList. . Enhance management of soft references in result sets. . version bumped to 2.2.31-SNAPSHOT. . Merge branch '2.2.x' into sql_soft_ref. . UPDATE ADD of a map in an embeddedlist. . SELECT `@rid` to be consistent with SELECT @rid. . Several with SoftRef management were. Initial tests were . . CI build - limit increased till 8GB, dev build memory decreased till 4GB. . CI build - limit increased till 8GB, dev build memory decreased till 4GB. . Merge branch '2.2.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 2.2.x. . Auto-configuration of usage of soft references in queries and additional. . made sure to check and trigger rollback on error just in the needed c . . Log query when CREATE EDGE fails. . SoftRef list state checks were added. . IS DEFINED and IS NOT DEFINED in SQL. . concurrency on sequence library. . Add Hazelcast AWS dependency to the classpath. . SoftRef list tests were completed. . usage of multiple sequences in the same SQL statement. . Additonal containers were converted to SoftRef containers. . Merge branch '2.2.x' into sql_soft_ref. . Labels for docker monitoring were added. . add checks for avoid invalid rids to be persistend in embedded ridbags. . direct cast to JSON context in the fetch plans when run from bi . . Enhance javadoc for database.backup(). . Maven memory limit is increased till 1g. . Crash tests are excluded from integration tests. . Memory limit was increased till 5g. . wrong return type on distributed is ready callback. . add check for avoid nullpointers in valid rid asserts. . Amount of memory resources is set to 48 (24GB). . Merge branch '2.2.x' of github.com:orientechnologies/orientdb into 2.2.x. . Memory resources were removed. . add test case of ridbag serialization invalid rid assert. . Memory locks were added. . Memory consumption limit was increased till 6gb.
2.2.2906 Oct 2017 16:45 minor feature: version bumped to 2.2.29-SNAPSHOT. Observation when root exception is suppressed was. Observation about empty catch block was. Log identity hash code when re-throwing query exception. Update copyright dates in license file. with logging of exceptions inside ODB were. ETL completed. management of ONeedRetryException when creating edges in notx. with logging of exceptions inside ODB were. console on execution of single vs. multi line js scripts. was. was. Use db charset when parsing queries. Update history for 2.2.29. Revert "Update history for 2.2.29". Support for encoding of queries with non-latin characters was added. Fall back to default charset when parsing queries for a database with?. Merge branch 'parser_charset' into 2.2.x. Revert "Revert "Update history for 2.2.29"". releasing OrientDB 2.2.29.
2.2.2827 Sep 2017 12:05 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2228. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.28+is 3Aa.
2.2.2714 Sep 2017 10:25 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2226. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.26+is 3Aa.
2.2.2617 Aug 2017 06:45 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2225. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.25+is 3Aa.
2.2.2503 Aug 2017 19:25 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2225. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.25+is 3Aa.
3.0.0m229 Jul 2017 06:45 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2224. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.24+is 3Aa.
2.2.2421 Jul 2017 10:25 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2224. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.24+is 3Aa.
2.2.2311 Jul 2017 06:45 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2223. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.23+is 3Aa.
2.2.2220 Jun 2017 03:25 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2221. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.21+is 3Aa.
2.2.2102 Jun 2017 05:05 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2221. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.21+is 3Aa.
2.2.2012 May 2017 03:16 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2220. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.20+is 3Aa.
2.2.1927 Apr 2017 06:05 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2219. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.19+is 3Aa.
3.0.0m115 Apr 2017 07:25 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2218. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.18+is 3Aa.
2.2.1807 Apr 2017 11:05 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2218. https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.18+is 3Aa.
2.2.1717 Feb 2017 05:45 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2216 . https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.16+is 3Aa.
2.2.1603 Feb 2017 03:16 minor feature: Release Notes: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/wiki/OrientDB-2.2-Release-Notes#2216 . https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.2.16+is 3Aa.
2.1.1202 Mar 2016 10:25 minor feature: Core New Dirty Manager. New Incremental Backup (Enterprise Edition only) Automatic minimum clusters AES and DES enchryption Support SALT in passwords . New Dirty Manager. New Incremental Backup (Enterprise Edition only). Automatic minimum clusters. AES and DES enchryption. Support SALT in passwords. Distributed Fast synchronization of nodes by copying only the delta of changes. . Fast synchronization of nodes by copying only the delta of changes. Load balancing on the client side. SQL New Pattern matching. New Command Cache New Automatic parallel queries New Prefetching of disk pages Live Query are finally stable New 'Update Edge' command New Sequences New 'Move cluster' command New Commands to manage users . New Pattern matching. New Command Cache. New Automatic parallel queries. New Prefetching of disk pages. Live Query are finally stable. New 'Update Edge' command. New Sequences. New 'Move cluster' command. New Commands to manage users. Studio, new P2P architecture, new Enterprise modules (it replaces the Enterprise Workbench). Lucene, new module for indexing of shapes, not only points. OrientJS, Native unmarshaling of requests by using C++ code. 103 total resolved.
2.2.0-beta23 Feb 2016 07:25 minor feature: Core New Dirty Manager. New Incremental Backup (Enterprise Edition only) Automatic minimum clusters AES and DES enchryption Support SALT in passwords . New Dirty Manager. New Incremental Backup (Enterprise Edition only). Automatic minimum clusters. AES and DES enchryption. Support SALT in passwords. Distributed Fast synchronization of nodes by copying only the delta of changes. . Fast synchronization of nodes by copying only the delta of changes. Load balancing on the client side. SQL New Pattern matching. New Command Cache New Automatic parallel queries New Prefetching of disk pages Live Query are finally stable New 'Update Edge' command New Sequences New 'Move cluster' command New Commands to manage users . New Pattern matching. New Command Cache. New Automatic parallel queries. New Prefetching of disk pages. Live Query are finally stable. New 'Update Edge' command. New Sequences. New 'Move cluster' command. New Commands to manage users. Studio, new P2P architecture, new Enterprise modules (it replaces the Enterprise Workbench). Lucene, new module for indexing of shapes, not only points. OrientJS, Native unmarshaling of requests by using C++ code. 103 total resolved.
2.1.819 Dec 2015 13:05 minor feature: Core (2): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=milestone 3A2.1.8 . Studio (3): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-studio/?q=milestone 3A2.1.8.
2.1.414 Oct 2015 16:05 minor feature: Core (32): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=milestone 3A2.1.4+is 3A. Lucene(2): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-lucene/?q=milestone 3A2.1.4+is 3A.
2.1.305 Oct 2015 18:25 minor feature: Core (44): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?page=2 q=milestone 3A2.1.3 . ETL (4)..: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-etl/?q=milestone 3A2.1.3 . Lucene(4): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-lucene/?q=milestone 3A2.1.3 . JDBC (4).: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-jdbc/?q=milestone 3A2.1.3.
2.1.101 Sep 2015 13:45 minor feature: Core (23).: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/?q=is 3A+milestone 3A2.1.1+is 3A. Studio (1): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-studio/?q=milestone 3A2.1.1+is 3A. ETL (1)...: https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-etl/?q=milestone 3A2.1.1+is 3A.
2.0.1411 Aug 2015 13:45 minor feature: Core.(9): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb/issues?q=milestone 3A2.0.14+is 3Aclosed . ETL..(1): https://github.com/orientechnologies/orientdb-etl/issues?q=milestone 3A2.0.14+is 3Aclosed.
2.1-rc630 Jul 2015 07:05 minor feature: 153 issues resolved from OrientDB 2.1-rc5.


As with many people born and reared in Alaska, Merriner ordinarily spends five weeks each summer fishing commercially. (After deckhand work for seven years, he became owner/captain of an operation at 22.) When his superintendent duties kept him from participating in the fishery this past summer for the first time in 33 years, his wife, Debbie, ensured that their operation—fishing for sockeye salmon in the Egegik district of Bristol Bay—continued.
He earned a teaching certificate from the University of Alaska in 1995 and an M.Phil. in school development/school leadership from the University of Cambridge in 1996. Back home again, he moved, after several years of teaching social studies in junior high and high school, into administrative roles in both private and public schools. When incoming lieutenant governor Sean Parnell called "out of the blue" in 2006, asking him to become his chief of staff, Merriner accepted, "to build relationships with Alaska's political players and learn first-hand how things get done in Juneau." Those experiences, including appointment to the state's board of education in 2010, taught him the nuances of how to advocate effectively for school districts within state government, and Harvard, he says, had equipped him with "the problem-solving and communication skills to lead an educational organization." In 2016, he felt ready to accept a new role as assistant superintendent of the Galena City School District, in west-central Alaska. He's now superintendent.
"Living in an isolated off-the-road-system community is not a piece of cake," he acknowledges, but as lifelong Alaskans, Merriner and his family welcomed the opportunity to move to remote Galena. With only 500 year-round residents, the city nevertheless has a major educational footprint across the state. Besides its pre-K-12 school, serving about 100 local pupils, the school district runs Galena Interior Learning Academy (GILA), a boarding school for 230 high-school students. Housed in a former Air Force station, GILA has facilities rare for rural Alaska—a swimming pool, gym, racquetball courts—and an innovative program of college-prep courses, industry certifications, and vocational training in aviation, applied mechanics, construction trades, cosmetology, health science, and information technology.
His biggest challenge, he says, is lack of adequate financial resources. State funding for K-12 education has lagged inflation for years: he estimates that in terms of per-pupil state funding, the school district received approximately $2.5 million less in 2018 than it did in 2011. Merriner has scheduled meetings with state legislators to explain how tenuous the continuation of GILA is as a result.
Merriner loves to hear from fellow graduates. Visit www.galenaalaska.org for more information about the Galena City School District, including his contact information. More information about Sidney C. Huntington, for whom the high school is named, is available here.


This Beetle was spotted on Donedeal over the weekend – not our photos so please contact us to remove if necessary.
This 1200N or Base Model Beetle was actually built on a 1975 chassis, not built until March 1976 but not taxed until August 1976. Every old car has a story!
Hopefully the new owner will restore it back to its once great condition. If you are the new owner, let us know what your plans are.


text:
in Hollywood News
'Wonder Woman 1984' is nearing the $ 100 million offshore international box office deadline
January 11, 2021, 11:21 am 72.9k Views
The international box office was again led by China with local titles this weekend A little red flower and Shock wave 2 at the top of the charts and Disney / Pixar soul continue its jazzy course there. The original, directed by Pete Docter, will soon be Pixar's number 3 highest grossing film. Other weekend highlights include Warner Bros. Wonder Woman 1984 Russia is nearing the $ 100 million overseas mark as it prepares for its date with Diana Prince and the continued strength of family offerings.
Lian Ray
The post-New Year framework was generally calm, there were no major new releases, and expanded Covid measures were taken in certain areas. Europe's cinemas are still closed for the foreseeable future, and even Spain – the only euro major to have been in operation recently – was hit by an unusual blizzard this weekend, affecting cinema admissions. In Japan, a "soft" state of emergency was declared this week for Tokyo and the surrounding areas, reducing operating hours for a period of one month. However, we understand that Demon Slayer The film: Mugen Train was dethroned from first place in Japan as Warner Bros' on Saturday for the first time in 12 weeks. Gintama The finale, an anime adaptation of the sci-fi manga series, took over the slot (we're waiting for official numbers).
'Wonder Woman 1984' continues to drop $ 3 million on the third weekend amid pandemics and US Capitol Woes
Back to China, the local holiday raids, A little red flower and Shock wave 2raised $ 160 million and $ 149 million respectively (the latter with $ 17.2 million from IMAX). soul has now grossed $ 36 million in China and is down only 54% in the third frame to $ 6.4 million in this session. It will pass Find Dory ($ 38.4 million) in the next few days to take third place for Pixar in China Coco and Incredible 2. All in all, soul added $ 8.9 million of 11 material markets in this session to take the offshore cume $ 47.3 million. The film, which will air on Disney + in the territories where the service is available, has had solid theatrical releases in Asia and the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia (+ 22%) and the United Arab Emirates (+ 11%) coming in this weekend and Taiwan launch I only see a 22% drop.
The top 5, after China, are rounded off by Taiwan (3.4 million USD), Saudi Arabia (3.1 million USD), Ukraine (1.1 million USD) and Singapore (1 million USD). The next major openings are scheduled for January 20th and 21st in Korea and Russia.
Elsewhere, Warner Bros. Wonder Woman 1984 picked up another $ 4.7 million from 40 overseas markets that supersede international running $ 98.8 million for a global sum of $ 131.4 million. IMAX's share of the offshore total is USD 8.8 million, or around 9% of the total.
Russiathat officially opened WW84 had over $ 600,000 in Preview this week with $ 400,000 from IMAX on Jan. 14. In Brazil, sales rose 52% thanks to the reopening of the Sao Paulo cinemas on Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Australia is now the third largest market for the film after the US and China at $ 14.5 million.
DreamWorks Animation / Universal The Croods: A New Age beat $ 91 million international over the weekend, a solid 34% drop from the last session. The whole weekend was good for $ 5.1 million in 17 markets and the global balance sheet is now $ 127.8 million. Russia and Australia each made $ 10 million north of heavy holds throughout the vacation. However, future release dates have been postponed to the Easter Corridor due to market conditions in Europe and elsewhere.
This week Tencent and Sony animated Wishes dragons travels to China with the local crime thriller The soul.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


17 years in China. Motocycles, boats and lots of interesting stuff. Lots of stories.
How do do fun things in China and be a part of China and be a part of it's growth and not only the development of the country but more amazing is the development of the people.


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Computational methods are now playing a larger role than ever in all aspects of science, including the diagnosis and treatment of disease. No other technology has seen such tremendous advances in the last half century as computer technology. The exponential advances in computer power make it critically important to understand its potential, and leverage its capabilities in our fight against cancer. As a medical physicist, I am interested in applying computational techniques to problems in radiation medicine.
A large and promising branch of computation is optimization, or techniques for selecting values of independent variables that maximize or minimize a particular parameter, or goal. In radiation oncology, there is the goal of maximizing the radiation dose delivered to the tumor region, while at the same time minimizing the dose absorbed by healthy tissue. This is accomplished by varying the independent parameters (such as radiation beam energy, intensity, shape, and delivery geometry) of a treatment plan.
One exciting clinical treatment modality that incorporates these ideas is intensity modulated radiation therapy, or IMRT. Our recent work has focused on applying principles of computation to the optimization of patient-specific parameters in IMRT. We have explored promising optimization techniques, such as the genetic algorithm, which is based on ideas from biological evolution. These methods become even more powerful when implemented in a distributed-computing framework. To this end, we have formed a collaboration with the Center for Computational Research (CCR), an academic supercomputing center that forms part of UB's Center for Excellence. By employing the CCR's computational resources, we have applied the genetic algorithm to improve IMRT treatment plans.
Another project involving optimization addresses the patient setup problem: how do we best position a patient for a complex radiation treatment, ensuring that he or she is in the correct 3D location and orientation? We are investigating a novel approach to this problem, by using optical information obtained from a regular digital camera, and applying optimization techniques to determine the 3D geometric parameters accurately. This method will allow us to improve patient setup without subjecting the patient to increased ionizing radiation exposure.


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Trinidad & Tobago: More Questions on State of Emergency
Written byJanine Mendes-Franco
Posted 24 August 2011 20:49 GMT
As the State of Emergency continues in Trinidad and Tobago – and the government's communication efforts about it continue to be muddled at best (Is it limited or national? Is there a solid strategy in place or not?) – local bloggers are voicing their opinions, confusion and frustration online.
KnowTnT.com makes the point that:
There's no such thing as 'limited' within the Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago regarding the State of Emergency – and oddly, there isn't a version of the Constitution readily found online that has the State of Emergency parts in it.
The post goes on to reiterate that much of the online discussion of the issue is happening, as was reported here, "in the semi-privacy of Facebook", and categorizes the responses to the State of Emergency into two broad categories: "The Happy People", who are "trusting the government to do what is necessary and right to deal with crime in Trinidad and Tobago" and "The Unhappy People":
There are those that do not like that under the State of Emergency, rights of citizens are for all intents and purposes null and void. There are others who found that the words of the Attorney General, Anand Ramlogan, and the Prime Minister, were… lacking in providing a sense that they knew what they were doing. And still others wonder at the efficacy of it all.
The blogger's personal take on the situation is somewhere in the middle:
When the Police can't do their jobs without risk of putting the public at risk, a State of Emergency can be an asset. Now they don't have to get warrants or worry about what the magistrates will say – they have free reign and used wisely they might accomplish something more than locking up the thugs that have the guns and small amounts of drugs – which is what they have accomplished so far. Maybe they plan to bring down a few of the thugs that wear whiter collars. If in 2 weeks they don't manage to get at least 2 of them, this whole thing has been a waste.
But there's the issue, too, of magistrates being frustrated by poor police work resulting in case dismissals. The State of Emergency won't help that unless the Attorney General, Anand Ramlogan, has teams running around with the police and quizzing them with flash cards on assuring that cases aren't thrown out. There's a big flaw.
And when this is all over, do I think right now that anything will be better? For a while. But the conditions will breed the same criminality… the State of Emergency so far has been treating symptoms, not the Disease.
A few bloggers are discussing last night's television interview with Attorney General Anand Ramlogan; Plain Talk analyses the exchange practically frame by frame, here, saying:
By 4:58 and with arms flailing the normally sedate Kalipersad 'dissed' the success of the first night of the government's effort and rattled off figures in a condescending way designed to provoke, causing Ramlogan's face to contort between smirk and smile and showing his discomfort with what was taking place.
The remaining five odd minutes were filled with Ramlogan trying to make the government look better than it should considering the paltry results of the effort thus far, doing his best to make the seizure of six guns and the arrest of twenty two petty thugs sound a whole lot more than they were in reality. Ramlogan's second agenda seemed to be to revise history to accommodate for the glaring inconsistencies in the appointment of the Acting Commissioner of Police, and he walked with a letter to prove that the government was willing to do everything they could to make their mistakes fit their version of the truth.
By 8:21 Dominic was asking probing questions on the veracity of the AG's prop, but by now the storm had passed and no one was paying any real attention which lulled us into believing the worst was behind us, preparing none of us for Kalipersad's now famous parting jab 'please don't be rude,' which was supremely ironic as this was a public demonstration of rudeness journalistic style.
Having lost what amounted to the most revealing issue in the whole interview, that the government made a mess of the handling of the entire State of Emergency and are caught up in a web of if not outright lies and deceit then absolute creative trickery to make their shaky ground solid, Kalipersad tied the fiasco together with a neat little bow and allowed the AG to make his final point..
…while sweet trini's urban folk tales prefers to keep an eye on the bigger picture:
the prime minister issues a limited state of emergency that not so limited (sans presidential approval) and the acting commissioner of police sign a curfew order before actually appointed a.c.p. all while police commissioner gibbs and deputy ewaski out of the country without proper knowledge of the commission, the former detained for illegal entry into another country…as a pardner say on fasbook: the red house should be on the list of crime "hotspots" [thus far targeting predominantly black areas considered lower class] as tha's where most crimes against this country occur.
but i have long maintained: trinbagonians will take chain up, bobol and mamguy, and revolution will not come until they ban carnival; we riot when they threaten dance+drum. they say the state of emergency is to take down (violent) crime and i for that but how, exactly, this supposed to wuk? we supposed to believe, with no longterm plan from the powers that be, that criminals not smart enough to take a 2weeks vacation and come back robbing+shooting + burning+looting come mid-september? when smaller criminals who cyah afford vacation get ketch doing their daily hustle, with the lack of opportunity our young men face we supposed to believe it doh have a nex' crew already jostlng to take their place? and a nex' crew rolling up to replace them? we supposed to believe little black boys on the block importing the drugs+weapons? laundering money on a streetcorner in neverdirty, morvant?
those behind the smuggling of drugs+weapons that fuel local crime are those behind our politics and industry, close enough and boldface enough to look we in we eye when they wining, groping hands deep in our taxpaying pockets, backed by our administration. dialogue is necessary…
Nicholas Laughlin's blog etc. echoes this perspective in a post titled "The right to question":
I have no legal training whatsoever, but I understand this: democracy requires negotiating a balance between individual rights and needs and a community's common good. This balance is expressed in written laws and unwritten conventions, in which every citizen has a vital interest. In a healthy democracy, citizens recognise and assert this interest, and any change in that balance between individual rights and the common good should be accompanied by vigorous and informed debate. A healthy democracy requires dissent.
It also requires that citizens ask questions. So here are some of mine.
Why is the attorney general — a very smart man and clearly also a smartman, as all lawyers perhaps must be — actively misleading the public about the extent to which the "fundamental rights and freedoms" recognised in section 4 of the constitution have been derogated by the Emergency Powers Regulations?
Why did the government declare the state of emergency in the absence of the commissioner of police and his deputy, considering that the Emergency Regulations give the commissioner significant and augmented powers of discretion over citizens' rights?
Why — if the objective of the state of the emergency is to give the police temporary special powers to round up illegal arms and disrupt gang activity — were the Emergency Powers Regulations not drafted more narrowly so as to impinge on as few basic rights as possible? What does a ban on public meetings "held for the purpose of the transaction of matters of public interest or for the discussion of such matters" have to do with rooting out crime? Or a ban on "any document … likely … to cause disaffection or discontent among persons"? Many works of literature make me feel disaffected or discontented. Are novels to be confiscated? The regulations are drafted with sufficient breadth that the authorities may forbid almost all forms of expression. Do circumstances really justify such broad powers?
He ends the post by saying:
I feel dreadfully and profoundly unsafe knowing that so many of my basic civil rights have been derogated, with no certainty about when they will be restored.
These rights only exist because of a hard-won consensus on human nature and our moral obligations to each other that has taken centuries to thrash out — They can continue to exist only if citizens are vigilant, informed, and unafraid to exercise their duty to ask questions and express dissent to the governments they elect to serve them.
Twitter, under the hashtag #SoETT, is also full of uncertainty:
@Hansisaproblem: Yo….. Details not adding up and corresponding, you people need to think and sort out what you saying before you say it. #SOETT
@HaydnDunn: if police and soldiers don't tackle white-collar crime this State of Emergency situation will be a total failure!!! #SoETT
@SanMan_ish: Anand making it sound as if Mr. Big from one of the traditional HotSpots… why allyuh doh go search all d containers pon d port! #SoETT
@ActivismTT sums up the situation like this:
@ActivismTT: Boasting about a reduction in crime during a State of Emergency is like gloating about losing weight during a famine. #SoETT #nonsense
When the State of Emergency is finally lifted, netizens will be looking for answers.
Thumbnail image by Flickr user izatrini_com (CC BY-SA 2.0).
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Nicholas Laughlin Contributor profile »
"there isn't a version of the Constitution readily found online that has the State of Emergency parts in it"
These links may be useful for some readers. You can download the T&T constitution as a PDF from the website of the Ministry of the Attorney General:
http://www.ag.gov.tt/Features/ConstitutionofTrinidadTobagoAmendtodate/tabid/163/Default.aspx
Or there is an html version here:
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago
Part 3 (sections 7 to 12) contains the provisions relevant to states of emergency.
24 August 2011, 23:50 pm
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[…] The government's gaffes resulted in confusion and mounting frustration; bloggers vented online here and here. When the state of emergency finally came to an end and as expected, violent crime […]
Pingback: El Carib: reflexions sobre el 2011 · Global Voices en Català
[…] del govern van donar lloc a la confusió i frustració creixents; els blocaires es van desfogar aquí i aquí. Quan l'estat d'emergència per fi es va acabar i, tal com s'esperava, la […]
2 March 2012, 2:39 am
Join the conversation -> Nicholas Laughlin


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Last week members of Parliament (MPs) in the United Kingdom (UK) debated on whether to call for a suspension on arms sales to Saudi Arabia, in light of mounting evidence of indiscriminate bombing by the Saudi-led coalition during the 18-month-old Yemen civil war. The debate was an opportunity for the country that is the second largest arms supplier in the world, to make good on its commitment to conduct its arms sales in compliance with International Humanitarian Law (IHL).
Since the intervention began in March of 2015, the UK has licensed over £3.3 billion (4.4B USD) worth of arms to Saudi Arabia. This includes over one billion worth in ML4 licenses, which cover equipment such as bombs, missiles and grenades. Like the US, the UK is also providing Saudi Arabia with military advice, personnel to the Ministry of Defense, and private contractors.
On 7 September, MPs on the UK's influential Committee on Arms Export Controls leaked a draft report detailing their concerns over the use of these weapons in the conflict. "The weight of evidence of violations of international humanitarian law by the Saudi-led coalition is now so great that it is very difficult to continue to support Saudi Arabia," the report states. The report concludes the UK must stop selling arms to Saudi Arabia while the coalition's actions in Yemen are investigated.
Yet Johnson continued to defend the credibility the Saudi-led inquiry, "They have the best insight into their own procedures…It will also allow the coalition forces to work out what went wrong and apply the lessons learned in the best possible way." Demonstrating their inability to "apply lessons learned," less than two weeks after the JIAT report was released Saudi airstrikes hit an MSF hospital for the fourth time, killing 19 and prompting the organization to withdraw from the country.
Sadly, Prime Minister Theresa May sided with Johnson, concluding that strengthening the UK-Saudi ties were vital in the fight against terrorism and that it "would be wrong to underestimate" the importance of the relationship. However, indiscriminate bombings and attacks on civilians fuel the grievances on which terrorist groups capitalize. Independent, thorough assessments of military conduct, adherence to IHL, and a responsible arm sale policy, are essential steps in addressing security threats. It is woefully misguided to underestimate their importance.


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Designers. Friends. Lovers? If you haven't heard of 40 Days of Dating, it's one of the most fascinating side projects the design world has ever seen.
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Proclamations issued by the Mayor provide an opportunity for the City to recognize exceptional events and people associated with Fernley. The goal of a proclamation is to recognize and celebrate the extraordinary achievements of citizens and non-profit organizations, honor occasions of importance and significance, and increase public awareness of issues to improve the well being of the people of the City.
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This same platform is now available to dining destinations, districts, and venues.
The hankr app and responsive website (pictured here) have been used over 200,000 times by people looking for the perfect meal at local restaurants.
Help fans discover delicious food, and see exactly where it's served in your facility. Let them share favorite items with friends. Bring them in early, and send them home satisfied. And do it all from within your existing team or venue apps and websites.
We've partnered with the University of Wisconsin and Levy to bring a visual search experience to fans at Kohl Center in Madison, WI, this fall. Try it yourself in UW's official Badger Gameday app, or preview it here.
The hankr platform provides everything you need through a turn-key subscription-based service: the photos and data, admin tools, and the mobile-optimized, responsive, and visual user interface that brings it all together.
We are visual food content experts.
Founded in Wisconsin, the hankr team has over 70 years combined experience in destination marketing, digital innovation, and enterprise data strategy. We've moved the needle for brands like Sub-Zero, Wolf, Harley-Davidson, Great Wolf Resorts, and TravelWisconsin.com, and now we're changing the way people search for food, one delicious dish at a time.
We work with venue management, food service operators, and their partner sports teams and tenants to help everyone be more successful in delivering a first-class experience for fans.


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This film is called "Hanina" or Homesick in Nubian. Nubia is a region of Egypt that was submerged underwater when the Aswan High Dam was completed on the Nile in 1965. Over 100,000 Nubians were displaced and forced to move to resettlement homes north of the dam in a desert environment. Although a devastating story, it's also a story of resilience, and I am so proud to have been able to work on this project. It reinforces relationships to land, grief when land is lost, how we use rivers, and prompts questions about the future as landscapes continue to change with climate change and continued industrial expansion.
Directed by: Yasmin Moll
Check out our recent feature here.
Learn more about the full Narrating Nubia project here.
See some shots from the film below:


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Кабоклу () са хора със смесена раса в Бразилия, част от расовата категория парду, които са потомци на индианци и европейци. Понякога понятието се отнася и за индианци, които са културно асимилирани.

Население на Бразилия

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Entity-Framework Model First - Table names I'm just starting with entity-framework and VisualStudio 2015 RC.
The intention is to design the data model and generate the SQL Server database.
I did it and I have a question: the table names have "Set" postfix. I mean that Company entity is created as CompanySet table.
Is this a new convention?
I have been watching tutorials with previous versions of EF/VS and I didn't see this postfix when naming tables.
Thanks.
FJ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Even though I know I have to keep buying fiber to dye and spin, it still gives me a nervous thrill when a 22 pound box of combed top shows up on my porch or a very large box containing nearly 30 lbs of fleeces arrives. The what-ifs start swirling around in my head. What if I can't get rid of this? What if it doesn't sell? What if it turns out to be crap? Most of the fiber I have purchased has been good, but occasionally I end up with something that is just unusable.
However, I am quite confident with the latest shipment of fleeces. It all started with a gorgeous Corriedale/Border Leicester/Lincoln X I purchased at New York Sheep & Wool last October. It was so glossy, thick, and soft. The locks had great definition and washed superbly. But the dyeing… oh, it was perfection! So vibrant and lustrous.
I had so much fun dyeing these locks that I knew I wanted more when they were gone. So I found the card that had been included with the fleece to get some contact info. I emailed the shepherdess and told her just how much I had enjoyed Rosita's fleece. Then I found out she had Rosita's daughter, Molly, and her granddaughter, Tootsi. Plus Joy, who is unrelated. But since I loved Rosita's so much, I went ahead and got all four. I think I'll send two to the mill and save two for locks. Also, I love that she sent me pictures from the farm! Even though I can't say these are "local" sheep, they are from a small farm and working directly with the owner has been great. Makes it all the more special!


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Pinnacle Employee Receives Distinguished Service Award
Trujillo sits at home plate as the Jumbotron displays his face overhead.
While fans of the Arizona Diamondbacks head out to Chase Field to cheer on their favorite baseball players, several members of the Phoenix community attended the June 9 game against the San Francisco Giants to support a different kind of athlete.
Before the game, members of the D-Backs organization, along with representatives from Exceptional Parent magazine and CVS Caremark, presented Gabe Trujillo with the EP Maxwell J. Schleifer Distinguished Service Award.
"This is an incredible honor," Trujillo said while waiting for the award. "It is important that people realize that just because a person has a disability, that doesn't mean they can't be successful, contributing members to society."
In 1997, Trujillo was diagnosed with Hopkin's Syndrome, a rare form of Polio prevalent in asthmatics that causes paralysis after severe asthmatic episodes. With fewer than 30 cases in the world, he is the only known person to have all four limbs affected. But this condition hasn't stopped him from accomplishing his goals and motivating others through his writing, speaking appearances, volunteering and participation in power soccer, an electric wheelchair sport.
"I always tell myself that being a strong person has nothing to do with my muscles," Trujillo said when asked how he has been able to overcome such adversity. "It has to do with having the will, determination and courage to never give up hope."
Given to people who work and advocate for people with disabilities, the Distinguished Service Award was presented to Trujillo in conjunction with Disability Awareness Night at Chase Field.
The event is hosted by EP Global Communications, Inc., publisher of Exceptional Parent (EP) magazine. EP Global Communications, Inc. is dedicated to offering information and resources to people with disabilities and special needs and the family members and professionals who care for and about them. Disability Awareness Night began in 2002 and now encompasses Major and Minor League Baseball venues, the NBA, and NASCAR, with events across the nation.
"Our goal is to help all Americans understand that we will become a stronger nation and better human beings when we learn to regard people with disabilities and special needs as people to be respected, not as problems to be confronted," said Joseph M. Valenzano, president and CEO of EP Global Communications, Inc.
Trujillo currently works at Pinnacle Education, an online high school, and continues his volunteer and advocacy work with Phoenix Children's Hospital and the Arizona Heat, his power soccer team.
Currently, there are 54.6 million people living with disabilities in the United States, and while sometimes the Diamondbacks may be hard to root for, Trujillo definitely is a great example of someone who is worth cheering.
~ by pinnaclepov2224 on June 11, 2009.
Posted in Current Events, Staff News
Tags: Award, Current Events, Staff News, Videos


The Wiha DynamicJoint® ensures optimal transmission of hand strength to the induction hardened cutting edges for high cutting performance from low application of force. Cutting force doubled for extremely hard materials using the Power Mode button. Easily switch between the two strengths. Drop-forged of high quality C70 steel. Cutter blades induction hardened.


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It feels great that a publication like Fortune thinks we're one of the best places to work in the U.S., and that many other media outlets feel the same way. You know what feels even better? When we hear the same thing from our employee-owners. You can find out what the buzz is all about.
#65: Fortune magazine's 2020 list of 100 Best Companies to Work For nationwide. Check out our Great Rated! review >
#14: Fortune magazine's 2020 list of Best Workplaces Among Consulting and Professional Services Companies
#28: Forbes magazine's 2020 list of America's Best Employers for Veterans
#43: People magazine's 2020 list of 50 Companies that Care
#14: Fortune magazine's list of the 30 Best Workplaces to Retire From in 2016
#18: Fortune magazine's list of 20 Best Workplaces for Gen Xers in 2016
#25: Fortune magazine's list of 100 Best Workplaces for Millennials in 2016
#35: Fortune magazine's list of 50 Best Workplaces for Recent College Graduates in 2016
#1: Employee Communications Excellence by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Association in 2017
Top 100: Corporate Health & Wellness Association's 2018 Well-Being Awards
Top 100: Healthiest 100 Workplaces in America, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019
35: Local publications and organizations that name Burns & McDonnell a best place to work year after year —
Arizona Republic/Careerbuilder Top Companies to Work For in Arizona, 2014-2020
Atlanta Business Chronicle Best Places to Work, 2015, 2017-2019
Atlanta Journal-Constitution Top Workplaces, 2012, 2014-2015, 2018, and Workplace Achiever, 2020
Business North Carolina Best Employers in North Carolina, 2015-2020
Crain's Detroit Business and Best Companies Group Cool Place to Work in Michigan, 2019-2020
Daily Herald Business Ledger Best Places to Work in Illinois, 2010-2011, 2013-2020
Dallas Morning News Top 100 Places to Work in Dallas-Fort Worth, 2011
Denver Business Journal Best Places to Work, 2015-2017
Denver Post Top Workplaces, 2012-2020
Fortune, Best Workplaces in Chicago, 2019-2020
FW Inc. magazine Best Companies, 2017-2020
Great Place to Work Institute's top 50 list of India's Great Mid-Size Workplaces, 2017-2020, and Best Workplaces for Women, 2020
Hartford (Connecticut) Business Journal Best Places to Work in Connecticut, 2010-2020
Houston Business Journal Best Places to Work, 2011-2012
Houston Chronicle Top Workplaces, 2010-2020
Ingram's Best Companies to Work For/Best Employer, 2008-2012, 2015
The Journal Record (Oklahoma), 2017-2018, 2020
Kansas City Business Journal Best Places to Work, 2006-2020
Mainebiz Best Places to Work in Maine, 2019-2020
Metro Detroit's Best and Brightest Small Business "Best of the Best" Award, 2018
Minnesota Business magazine 100 Best Companies to Work For, 2013-2017
Minneapolis Star Tribune Top 100 Workplaces, 2012-16, National Standard 2017, 2019
Missouri Business Best Places to Work, 2014
National Association for Business Resources, Best of the Best Medium Business Overall, Dallas-Fort Worth Best and Brightest Companies to Work For, 2018
National Association for Business Resources, Metro Detroit's Best and Brightest Companies to Work For, Elite Winner, 2018-2020
The Oklahoman Oklahoma's Top Workplaces, 2016-2017
Orlando Business Journal Best Places to Work, 2017-2020
Orlando Sentinel Top Workplaces, 2019
The Orange County Register Top Workplaces, 2018, 2020
The Pacific Business News, 2020
Phoenix Business Journal Best Places to Work, 2013-2016, 2018-2020
SC Biz News Best Places to Work in South Carolina, 2020
St. Louis Post-Dispatch Top Workplaces, 2013-2020
Texas Monthly Best Companies to Work for in Texas, 2009-2020
Virginia Business Best Places to Work, 2014-2020
13: Local publications or organizations that have honored Burns & McDonnell for its work, wellness programs and community involvement —
Atlanta Business Chronicle Healthiest Employers, 2015, 2017-2020
Atlanta Business Chronicle Top 25 Engineering Firms in Atlanta, 2010-16
Denver Business Journal's Metro Denver Healthiest Employers, 2015
Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce's Healthy KC Certified Organizations, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020
Hartford (Conn.) Business Journal Healthiest Employers, 2018-2020
Houston Business Journal Healthiest Employers, 2012, 2015, 2019, 2020
Ingram's Best of Business Kansas City, Best Engineering Firm, 2006-15
Ingram's Most Charitable Firm, 2011
Ingram's Best Business for Supporting Charities, Bronze, 2013
Kansas City Business Journal Champions of Business, 2012-13
Nonprofit Connect Kansas City Business Philanthropist of the Year, 2012
Phoenix Business Journal's Healthiest Employers, 2015, 2017 and 2019-2020
St. Louis Business Journal's Healthiest Employers, 2016, 2018-2020


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Why did Congress pass the 19th Amendment?
What caused the passing of the 19th Amendment?
When and why was the 19th Amendment passed?
Who didn't support the 19th Amendment and why?
What was the effect of the 19th Amendment?
When did Congress pass the 19th Amendment?
How did Congress vote on the 19th Amendment?
Who introduced the 19th Amendment to Congress?
Which political party supported the 19th Amendment?
Why did the 19th Amendment passed during the Progressive era but not before?
Was the 19th Amendment a turning point?
In 1913, the day before Woodrow Wilson's inauguration in Washington, D.C., Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organized a parade promoting women's suffrage. … The 19th Amendment was added to the Constitution, ensuring that American citizens could no longer be denied the right to vote because of their sex.
While women were not always united in their goals, and the fight for women's suffrage was complex and interwoven with issues of civil and political rights for all Americans, the efforts of women like Ida B. Wells and Alice Paul led to the passage of the 19th Amendment.
The Senate debated what came to be known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment periodically for more than four decades. Approved by the Senate on June 4, 1919, and ratified in August 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment marked one stage in women's long fight for political equality.
Much of the opposition to the amendment came from Southern Democrats; only two former Confederate states (Texas and Arkansas) and three border states voted for ratification, with Kentucky and West Virginia not doing so until 1920. Alabama and Georgia were the first states to defeat ratification.
THIS IS UNIQUE: What led to the women's movement and what impact did it have on American society?
The Nineteenth Amendment, which granted women the right to vote in the United States. National Archives and Records Administration In 1919 he U.S. Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in 1920, officially granting women the right to vote.
Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, the 19th amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote.
Congress Approves Nineteenth Amendment. On June 4, 1919, Congress, by joint resolution, approved the woman's suffrage amendment and sent it to the states for ratification. The House of Representatives had voted 304-89 and the Senate 56-25 in favor of the amendment.
On May 21, 1919, U.S. Representative James R. Mann, a Republican from Illinois and chairman of the Suffrage Committee, proposed the House resolution to approve the Susan Anthony Amendment granting women the right to vote.
It was a decisive victory, and the split among Democrats and Republicans was staggering. In all, over 200 Republicans voted in favor of the 19th Amendment, while only 102 Democrats voted alongside them. Subsequently, on June 4, 1919, the 19th Amendment passed the Senate by a vote of 56 to 25.
THIS IS UNIQUE: How did Mary Wollstonecraft feel about enlightenment?
The Nineteenth Amendment Passed during the Progressive Era because of the efforts of the Women's Trade Union League, the National American Suffrage Association who developed a strategy focusing on state voting right laws & the ratification of an amendment in the constitution,and also the efforts of Alice paul, who lead …
The passage of the 19th Amendment has long been heralded as the turning point for women's voting rights in America. Textbooks and teaching materials hail the amendment, ratified on August 18, 1920, as a "milestone" guaranteeing voting rights to all women.


There is much to discuss after the curtain falls in American Son.
The past year was an eventful one, full of progress as well as peril for our democracy.
A photo essay depicting the border along El Paso, as well as the work of activists and creatives.
Why we must honor our humanitarian responsibilities, process asylum claims according to current laws, and rethink our immigration policies at the border.
It is crucial for us to respond with values-based messaging on the importance of maintaining our identity as a nation that welcomes people seeking asylum and safety.


The 2015 Rugby World Cup final is upon us, with Australia looking to repeat their victory in the previous World Cup final at Twickenham, back in 1991, and New Zealand seeking to retain the title they won on home soil.
It's a delicious match-up and one that could deliver a cracking game to crown a great tournament - the obvious disappointment excepted.
So what are the key battles on Saturday, and who will come out on top?
The importance of the breakdown in modern rugby is paramount - it decides the whole tempo of the game. The contest between these two back rows is particularly fascinating.
Australia's kingpin - and arguably the player of the tournament so far - is flanker turned number eight David Pocock.
The 27-year-old has secured 14 turnovers in fewer than four whole matches - five more than any other player. Ably supported by flankers Michael Hooper and Scott Fardy, he has been so persistent at the breakdown.
The only way to totally prevent him ruining or turning over possession is never to allow the ball carrier to become isolated from his support. In the chaos and fury of a Test match, even the best organised team in the world cannot always do that.
The All Blacks, even with the great Richie McCaw at seven, have to accept that Pocock will get the better of them in that area on occasion.
Instead of having some sort of special 'team within their team' tasked with hitting every breakdown or man-marking Pocock, they will take collective responsibility to look after the ball in contact.
The All Blacks back row offer something quite different to their Wallaby counterparts.
Blind-side flanker Jerome Kaino, number eight Kieran Read and open-side McCaw have carried for a total of 375 metres - Pocock, Hooper and Fardy have managed just 142 metres between them.
New Zealand may have progressed from a less taxing pool, but there is also a marked difference in the area those metres are being made in.
Kaino, Read and McCaw have all appeared out wide - trusting their skills to create overlaps rather than simply trucking the ball up from first receiver.
It is all part of their philosophy of being able to play quicker, cleverer rugby and being able to react faster to an opportunity than their opponents can close it off.
It works for the vast majority of the time. Since the last World Cup final, they have lost only three of their 53 matches. I don't think they will change it to counter one player - even one as good as Pocock.
Saturday is New Zealand fly-half Dan Carter's chance to land the World Cup final triumph that injury prevented him from securing in 2011.
The 33-year-old is playing in his last international before heading to France to play for Racing 92 and has flitted between good and excellent so far in this tournament.
He has made a massive impact on some games, while in others he has just done what needs to be done, and made the rest of the team look good instead.
Three stellar moments stand out for me - his astonishing back-of-the-hand offload for Julian Savea to score against France, stripping the ball from Schalk Burger to help set up Beauden Barrett's try against South Africa, and that audacious drop-goal in the same match.
Can perfect 10 Carter exit in style?
He has shown excellent game management - taking on the responsibility when his team has needed him - but sometimes it does not look like he has the pace he once had.
In 2005, at the age of 23, he produced perhaps the complete fly-half performance, scoring a record 33 points, including two tries, against the British and Irish Lions in the All Blacks' second Test win.
He still makes the odd break, but opposite number Bernard Foley, 26, is now more of a threat as a runner.
Foley has made eight clean breaks so far in the tournament - more than any other Australian and three better than Carter.
The Wallaby fly-half has been adapt at making those chances count as well, linking well with Israel Folau or - for his second try against England for instance - Kurtley Beale.
He plays a great brand of rugby - he can run, take the ball to the gain line, kick tactically and distribute well - and he showed great mental strength against Scotland when he stepped up after an indifferent performance to land the quarter-final's decisive penalty.
Off line-outs, he tends to stand out wide in defence with one of the wingers defending the narrow channel close to the set-piece.
It could be a weakness, but the All Blacks have not found a way to exploit it in the last two matches that he has started against them at fly-half. I'm not sure they will this time.
In the last three finals there have been a total of just four tries.
The stakes are so high and the defences of such quality that they are rarely high scoring matches, but equally that means the ability to beat a man one-on-one and create a try out of nothing becomes an even more precious commodity.
The stardust in this match is located in New Zealand wing Nehe Milner-Skudder.
He only made his debut in the All Blacks' 27-19 Rugby Championship defeat by Australia in August, but scored two tries and has been first choice ever since.
He is new, raw, exciting, and all over the place.
He is a bouncing bean - you never know where is going next. He can side-step in a tiny amount of space and has electric acceleration.
No-one in the Australia side has his zip, but Israel Folau is a devastating runner if he gets the chance.
He has suffered with niggly injuries, but I thought there were signs he was getting back to his best against Argentina in the semi-final.
I can still remember waking up on the morning of 2 November 1991 - the day of the World Cup final - at our World Cup base of Tylney Hall, the country house hotel we were staying at in Hampshire.
I had played in big matches before. I was part of the team that lost a Grand Slam in the final Five Nations match against Scotland in 1990 and the one that clinched one a year later in a tight match against the French.
I had also played in two British and Irish Lions Tests in an incredible tour of Australia in 1989.
But the World Cup final - especially with it being at home for us - had added weight.
I woke up excited. I wanted to get my hands on the ball, run with the ball and leave my mark on such a big occasion.
I'm sure that this Saturday morning there will be 46 players - in two different team hotels - waking up with those exact same feelings, as New Zealand and Australia prepare for their World Cup final.
Different people have different ways of dealing with big-game nerves.
Before we played Australia in the 1991 final, some of our players would get changed really quickly, others would read programmes and take their time.
It is not like it is nowadays. Most of the warm-up took place in the dressing room. There was no charging about on the pitch beforehand!
There was no more huddling up and shouting than for any other game. If anything it was quieter - the players were more focused on what they were there to do.
It is very hard to bet against a team playing as well as the All Blacks have been, not only in this tournament, but across the last four years.
In addition Carter has been more reliable off the tee than Foley so far in this tournament, and in such a tight game as I expect that could be crucial.
Read more on New Zealand v Australia: Can perfect 10 Dan Carter exit in style?


Dr. Aiko P.J. de Vries (1976) is a transplant-nephrologist at the Leiden University Medical Center. He combined a PhD on metabolic consequences of renal transplantation with a residency in internal medicine at the University Medical Center Groningen. He has special interest in the renal (transplant) consequences of metabolic syndrome, posttransplant diabetes, and cardiovascular imaging. He is a member of the EU Working Group on Posttransplant Diabetes and the ERA-EDTA working group on Diabesity. Presently, he is involved in international transplant trials and holds two innovation grants from the Dutch Kidney Foundation to develop metabolic imaging of kidney and to unravel novel pathways of posttransplant diabetes. Next to his research, he is the deputy director of the renal fellowship program and also coordinates the renal week in the half minor Clinical Immunology.


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Kent Taylor
Kent Taylor started writing poetry his freshman year at Ohio Wesleyan University. After quitting medical school at Ohio State University, he returned to Cleveland, and became a charter member of the underground poetry scene that erupted there during the 1960s. His first six books were published by d. a. levy. Taylor moved to San Francisco in 1970. Publications include 24 books and hundreds of appearances in anthologies and periodicals.
Section A: Books and Broadsides
Sections D-G: Other Work
Further Reading and Reference:
Cleveland Memory Project
d.a. levy home page
Deep Cleveland
Literary Kicks


Viruses are likely to be the most abundant genomes in the biosphere, displaying remarkable molecular diversity. Their fast-evolving genomes and lack of universal marker genes make phylogenetic and taxonomic studies more difficult than with other organisms. A detailed determination of gene conservation between virus genomes should facilitate the study of virus evolution and function. Here we used sequence similarity methods to build a phage orthologous groups (POGs) resource. The number of POGs has grown significantly in the past decade, while the percentage of genes in phage genomes that have orthologs in other phages has also been increasing, and the percentage of unknown "ORFans" - phage genes that are not in POGs - is decreasing. Other properties of phage genomes remain stable, in particular the high fraction of genes that are never or only rarely observed in their cellular hosts. This suggests that despite the role of phages in transferring cellular genes, a large fraction of the genes in phage genomes maintain an evolutionary trajectory that is distinct from that of host genes. Next generation sequencing technologies provide new opportunities to study viruses, their diversity and evolution, directly from environmental samples. The standards of sensitivity and specificity appropriate for analysis of these relatively short shotgun sequence reads are still evolving. In another part of our work, we used sensitive sequence similarity methods to identify more than 400 virus-related genes in 3,280 libraries derived from patients and environmental samples after low-complexity reads were removed. These identifications serve as a starting point to isolate viruses potentially associated with disease and outbreaks of unknown etiology.


Carrie + Lisa - 2015 EnGAYged Wedding EXPO Giveaway Finalists!
Hi my name is Carrie and my partner is Lisa.
We met July 2009 as she started working for company.
Her personality. .laugh..eyes..all melted my heart so quickly. By December 2009 we were a couple. I fell hard! By April 2010 she moved in and our lives had really began. Little did we know what was coming. May of 2010 I go to get up for work and landed right on the floor. I could not walk and my leg hurt so badly I didn't know what to do A trip to the er, the Dr came in and announced quite bluntly. ."you have avascular necrosis in ur hips u need replacements " I'm like woah what? Further explanation was required. Blood stopped going to my hips so the bones were dead and crumbling.
In that moment knowing my future was going to be full of crazy I said to Lisa "if you want to leave I understand this is a lot" she grabbed my face kissed me told me she loved me and wasn't going anywhere! All I could do was cry!
So now 5 years later..3 hip replacements, 3 dogs a cat and 2 beautiful foster sons we are about to adopt we have an amazing family and I love this woman more than life itself. She is my best friend, my love, my life..my rock. I thank God for her everyday!
We live in attica michigan.


Another sort of random section of projects that I made when I needed a break from illustrating. Some of these are class projects, most of them are random things I thought of when my hand touched the brush.
You are welcome to copy, display, and use my work in any way. I encourage creative derivations of my illustrations, words, photos, and videos. I would love and kindly ask that you give credit when you use my art.
I'm always open to working with people to help bring their ideas to life. If you enjoy these paintings and want to chat about commissioning a piece, hit me up!