text:
City of Lodi, WI
Ch 12 Boards, Commissions and Committees
Ch 15 Boundaries, City
Ch 23 Citations
Ch 30 Common Council
Ch 38 Court, Joint Municipal
Ch 49 Elections
Ch 63 Grievance Procedures
Ch 83 Public Works Projects
Ch 88 Records
Ch 94 Special Assessments
Ch 122 Brush, Grass and Weeds
Ch 127 Building Construction
Ch 134 Burning, Outdoor
Ch 140 Cable Television
Ch 144 Cigarettes and Tobacco Products
Ch 147 Construction Site Erosion Control
Ch 156 Direct Merchants
Ch 162 Drainage
Ch 167 Driveways
Ch 184 Floodplain Zoning
Ch 193 Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination
Ch 204 Intoxicating Liquor and Fermented Malt Beverages
Ch 215 Licenses and Permits
Ch 241 Official Map
Ch 248 Parks and Recreation
Ch 259 Property, Disposal of
Ch 272 Sewer Use and Wastewater Disposal
Ch 273 Shoreline and Wetland Zoning
Ch 278 Signs
Ch 284 Snowmobiles
§ 295-1 Grades.
§ 295-2 Sidewalk construction and repair.
§ 295-3 Excavations and openings.
§ 295-4 Obstructions and encroachments.
§ 295-5 Snow and ice removal.
§ 295-6 Special assessments.
§ 295-7 Violations and penalties.
§ 295-8 Street use permits.
Ch 311 Truancy
Ch 332 Wells
City of Lodi, WI / Part II, General Legislation
Chapter 295 Streets and Sidewalks
[HISTORY: Adopted by the Common Council of the City of Lodi as §§ 10.01, 10.02, 10.04, 10.05, 10.06 and 10.08 of the City Code. Amendments noted where applicable.]
Driveways — See Ch. 167.
Official Map — See Ch. 241.
Snowmobiles — See Ch. 284.
Subdivision of land — See Ch. 300.
Utilities — See Ch. 319.
Vehicles and traffic — See Ch. 325.
Establishment. The grade of all streets, alleys and sidewalks shall be established by ordinance and the same recorded by the Clerk in his office. Where no grade has been so established, the sidewalks shall be laid to the established grade of the street.
Alteration of grade prohibited. No person shall alter the grade of any street, alley, sidewalk, or public ground or any part thereof in the City by any means whatsoever unless authorized or instructed to do so by the Common Council. All such alterations of grade shall be recorded in the office of the Clerk by the Clerk.[1]
Editor's Note: Original § 10.01(c), Penalty, which immediately followed this subsection, was deleted 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361.
Owner to construct. It shall be the duty of the abutting owner to build, repair, construct and perpetually maintain sidewalks along or upon any street, alley or highway in the City and to pay the entire cost thereof. Whenever the Common Council shall by resolution determine that a sidewalk be laid, rebuilt, repaired, lowered or raised along or upon any public street, alley or highway within the City, it shall proceed according to § 66.0907, Wis. Stats.
Permit required. No person shall hereafter lay, remove, replace or repair any public sidewalk within the City unless he is under contract with the City to do such work or has obtained a permit therefor from the Director of Public Works[1] at least seven days before work is proposed to be undertaken. A fee as set by the Common Council by resolution shall be charged for each such permit.
Editor's Note: Throughout this chapter, references to the "Public Works Committee" were amended to "Director of Public Works" 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361.
Specifications. All sidewalks within the City hereafter shall be repaired, rebuilt and constructed in accordance with specifications which shall be established by the Common Council by resolution and kept on file with the Clerk.
Minor repairs. When the cost of repairs of any sidewalk in front of any lot or parcel of land shall not exceed the sum of $100, the Director of Public Works may immediately cause the repair of such sidewalk, without notice or letting of work by contract, and charge the cost thereof to the owner of such lot or parcel of land, as provided in § 66.0907(3), Wis. Stats.
[Amended 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361]
Cost. The Common Council may by resolution apportion the cost of any sidewalk work between the City and abutting property owners pursuant to § 66.0907(6), Wis. Stats.
Permit required. No person shall make or cause to be made any excavation or opening in any street, alley, highway, sidewalk or other public way within the City without first obtaining a permit therefor from the Director of Public Works.
Fee. The fee for a street excavation or opening permit shall be as set by the Common Council by resolution for each location.
Bond.
Before a permit for excavation or opening any street or public way may be issued, the applicant must execute and deposit with the Clerk an indemnity bond approved by the Mayor, in a sum determined by the Director of Public Works, conditioned that he will indemnify and save harmless the City and its officers from all liability for accidents and damage caused by any of the work covered by his permit and that he will fill up and place in good and safe condition all excavations and openings made in the street and will replace and restore the pavement over any opening he may make as near as can be to the state and condition in which he found it and keep and maintain the same in such condition he found it, normal wear and tear excepted, to the satisfaction of the Director of Public Works for a period of one year and that he will pay all fines imposed upon him for any violation of any rule, regulation or ordinance governing street openings or drain laying adopted by the Common Council and will repair any damage done to existing improvements during the progress of the excavation in accordance with the ordinances, rules and regulations of the City. Such bond shall also guarantee that if the City shall elect to make the street repair, the person opening the street will pay all costs of making such repair and of maintaining the same for one year.
Recovery on such bond for any accident, injury, violation of law, ordinance, rule or regulation shall not exhaust the bond but it shall cover any and all accidents, injuries or violations of law during the period of excavation for which it is given.
An annual bond may be given under this section covering all excavation work done by the principal for one year beginning January 1, which shall be conditioned as specified above and in the amount determined by the Common Council as necessary to adequately protect the public and the City.
Insurance. Prior to commencement of excavation work, a permittee must furnish the Director of Public Works satisfactory written evidence that he has in force and will maintain during the life of the permit and the period of excavation public liability insurance of not less than $100,000 for one person and $300,000 for one accident and property damage insurance of not less than $50,000.
Regulations governing street and sidewalk openings.
Frozen ground. No opening in the streets or sidewalks for any purpose shall be permitted when the ground is frozen, except where necessary as determined by the Director of Public Works.
Removal of paving. In opening any street or other public way, all paving or ballasting materials shall be removed with the least possible loss of or injury to surfacing material and together with the excavated material from trenches shall be placed so as to cause the least practicable inconvenience to the public and permit free flow of water along the gutters.
Protection of public. Every person shall enclose with sufficient barriers each opening which he may make in the streets or public ways of the City. All machinery and equipment shall be locked or otherwise effectively safeguarded from unauthorized use when not being used by the permittee, his agents or employees. Lighted barricades sufficient in number and properly placed to give adequate warning shall be kept in place. Except by special permission by the Director of Public Works, no trench shall be excavated more than 100 feet in advance or pipe laying nor left unfilled more than 100 feet where pipe has been laid. All necessary precautions shall be taken to guard the public effectually from accidents or damage to persons or property through the periods of work. Each person making such opening shall be held liable for all damages. including costs incurred by the City in defending any action brought against it for damages as well as cost of any appeal, that may result from the neglect by such person or his employees of any necessary precaution against injury or damage to persons, vehicles or property of any kind.
Replacing street surface and appurtenances.
In opening any street or sidewalk, the paving material, sand, gravel and earth or other material moved or penetrated and all surface monuments or hubs must be removed and replaced as nearly as possible in their original condition or position and the same relation to the remainder as before. Property markers shall be carefully preserved and/or accurately replaced. Replacement by a registered land surveyor shall constitute accurate replacement. Any excavated material which in the opinion of the Director of Works is not suitable for refilling shall be replaced with approved sand, gravel, or crushed stone. All rubbish shall be immediately removed, leaving the street or sidewalk in perfect repair, the same to be so maintained for a period of one year. In refilling the opening, the earth must be puddled or laid in layers not more than six inches in depth and each layer mechanically compacted to prevent after-settling.
The surfacing for permanent restoration of pavement shall be pavement of the same type or better than that removed or damaged. The top finished grade of permanent pavement replacement shall conform to the grade of the existing permanent pavement surfaces.
Permanent surfacing for concrete or rigid pavements shall be placed to a thickness of six inches greater than the existing surfacing. Permanent surfacing for bituminous or flexible-type pavements shall be placed to a thickness of at least equal to the existing surfacing.
Eight inches of compacted crushed stone shall be placed as a base under all permanent pavements or greater thickness to conform to the adjacent existing base. All permanent pavement restoration of existing bituminous surfaced pavements having a concrete subbase shall include, in addition to the crushed stone base, a concrete subbase equal in thickness to that of the existing concrete subbase.
All permanent restoration of street curb and gutter shall be of the same type and thickness as the curb and gutter which abuts. The grade of the restored curb and gutter shall conform to the grade of the existing adjacent curb and gutter.
All permanent restoration of driveways and sidewalks shall conform to the manner of construction as originally placed and to the lines and grades as given by the City Engineer. No patching of concrete driveway areas will be allowed between joints or dummy joints.
Sidewalks shall be replaced the full width of the walk and minimum length shall be 60 inches. All replaced walk shall be four inches thick, except at driveways where it shall be six inches thick. The new walk shall slope to conform to existing construction across the width of the walk toward the street.
When the sides of the trench will not stand perpendicular, sheathing and braces must be used to prevent caving. No timber, bracing, lagging, sheathing or other lumber shall be left in any trench.
The City may elect to have the City or a contractor working for the City make the pavement repair for any street or sidewalk opening, in which case the cost of making such repair and of maintaining such repair for one year shall be charged to the person making the street opening.
If the person making or causing the street opening or excavation to be made shall make the repair and within one year of said repair the repaired street shall settle or the repair shall prove defective in any other respect, then the City may have the opening properly repaired and the cost of the time and materials shall be charged to the person making or causing such opening or excavation and shall be paid by such person. This shall not apply to work done by the City or its utility for sewer main and lateral repair or water main and lateral repair.
Excavation in new street limited. Whenever the City determines to provide for the permanent improvement or repaving of any street, such determination shall be made not less than 30 days before the work of improvement or repaving shall begin. Immediately after such determination by the Common Council, the Director of Public Works shall notify in writing each person, company, utility, City department or other agency owing or controlling any sewer, water main, conduit or other utility in or under said street or any real property abutting said street that all such excavation work in such street must be completed within 30 days. After such permanent improvement or repaving, no permit shall be issued to open, cut or excavate said street for a period of five years after the date of improvement or repaving unless in the opinion of the Director of Public Works an emergency exists which makes it absolutely essential that the permit be issued.
Emergency excavations authorized. In the event of an emergency any person owning or controlling any sewer or water main, conduit or utility in or under any street and his agents or employees may take immediate proper emergency measures to remedy dangerous conditions for the protection of property, life, health, or safety without obtaining an excavation permit, provided that such person shall apply for an excavation permit not later than the end of the next succeeding business day and shall not make any permanent repairs without first obtaining an excavation permit hereunder.
City work excluded. The provisions of this section shall not apply to excavation work under the direction of the Director of Public Works or the Municipal Light and Water Utility by City employees or contractors performing work under contract with the City necessitating openings or excavations in City streets.[1]
Editor's Note: Original § 10.04(i), Penalty, which immediately followed this subsection, was deleted 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361.
Obstructions and encroachments prohibited. No person shall encroach upon or in any way obstruct or encumber any street, alley, sidewalk, public grounds or land dedicated to public use, or any part thereof, or permit such encroachment or encumbrance to be placed or remain on any public way adjoining the premises of which he is the owner or of which he is the occupant, except as provided in other sections of this chapter and in Chapter 340, Zoning.
Street privilege permit.
When required. Permits for the use of the streets, alleys, sidewalks or other public ways or places of the City may be granted to applicants by the Director of Public Works for purpose of encumbering the street, alley, sidewalk or way with materials necessary in and about the construction or demolition of any building or structure, provided that such applicant has compiled with the other requirements of this Subsection B and has obtained a building permit if required by § 127-13 of this Code.
Bond. No street permit shall be issued until the applicant shall execute and file with the Clerk a bond in an amount determined by the Director of Public Works conditioned that the applicant will indemnify and save harmless the City from all liability for accidents or damage caused by reason of operations under said permit and will remove such encumbrance upon termination of the operations and will leave the vacated premises in a clean and sanitary condition and repair any and all damage to the streets, alleys, sidewalks or public property of the City resulting from such building operations.
Fee. The fee for a street privilege permit shall be as set by the Common Council by resolution.
Conditions of occupancy. The permission to occupy or obstruct the streets, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds is intended only for the use in connection with the actual erection, alteration, repair, or removal of buildings or structures and shall be given upon the following terms and conditions and subject to revocation without notice by the Director of Public Works for violation thereof:
Such temporary obstruction shall cover not more than 1/3 of any street or alley.
Obstructions shall be sufficiently lighted at night so as to be in full view of the public from all directions.
Sidewalks traffic shall not be interrupted, but temporary sidewalks of not less than four feet in width guarded by a closed fence at least four feet high on both sides may be maintained during the period of occupancy.
Upon termination of the work necessitating such obstruction, all parts of the streets, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds occupied under the permit shall be vacated, cleaned of all rubbish and obstructions and placed in a safe condition for public travel at the expense of the permittee.
Termination. All street privilege permits shall automatically terminate at the end of three months from the date of issuance unless an earlier termination date is specified thereon at the direction of the Director of Public Works.
Removal by City. In addition to any other penalty imposed, if the owner or occupant of the premises adjoining any unlawfully obstructed sidewalk or street right-of-way shall refuse or neglect to remove such obstruction within 24 hours after notice from the Director of Public Works to do so, the Director of Public Works may cause the removal of such obstruction and make return of the cost and expense thereof to the Clerk, who shall enter such cost on the next annual tax roll as a special charge against the property abutting such obstruction of sidewalk, and such sum shall be levied and collected the same as other special taxes against real estate.
[Amended 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361[1]]
Editor's Note: This ordinance also deleted original § 10.05(d), Penalty, which immediately followed this subsection.
Penalty. The penalty for violation of any of the provisions of this section shall be a penalty as provided in Chapter 1, § 1-3 of this Code.
[Amended 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361; 1-5-2010 by Ord. No. A-409]
Responsibility of owner and occupant. The owner, occupant or person in charge of each and every building or structure or unoccupied lot in the City fronting or abutting any street shall clean or cause to be cleaned the full width of the sidewalk in front of or adjoining each such home, building or unoccupied lot, as the case may be, including that portion of the sidewalk bordering the crosswalk, including the curb ramp if any, regardless of the source of the snow accumulation of snow or ice to the width of such sidewalk by 11:00 a.m. of each day and shall cause the same to be kept clear of snow and ice, provided that when the ice has formed on any sidewalk so that it cannot be immediately removed, the persons herein referred to shall keep the same sprinkled with sand, salt or other suitable substances, in such a manner as to prevent the ice from becoming dangerous, until such time that it can be removed, and then it shall be promptly removed. In case snow shall continue to fall during and after 11:00 a.m., then it shall be removed within three hours of daylight the day after is shall cease to fall. Each day any violation of this section continues shall constitute a separate offense.
Notice, removal and expense. If the owner, occupant or person in charge of each and every building or structure or unoccupied lot in the City fronting or abutting any street fails to keep said sidewalk and ramp clear of ice and snow as set forth in Subsection A, the Director of Public Works may take the following actions:
[Amended 5-18-2010 by Ord. No. A-413]
Hazardous conditions. If the Director of Public Works determines that the failure to remove the snow and ice from the sidewalk creates an immediate danger to the public health and/or safety, the Director of Public Works may cause the issuance of a written notice to the owner, occupant, or person in charge of any parcel or lot directing that the snow and/or ice be removed within two hours from the delivery of the notice. In the event the property owner, occupant or person in charge of said parcel or lot is unavailable to receive a written notice, the Director of Public Works may immediately cause the removal of the snow and/or ice. The Director of Public Works may send a written notice to the last known address of the property owner notifying him that a hazardous condition existed which required immediate abatement.
Expense. An account of the expenses incurred by the City to abate the hazardous snow and ice conditions shall be kept, and such expenses shall be charged to and paid by the parcel or lot owner. Notice of the bill for the removal of snow and/or ice shall be mailed to the last known address of the owner of the parcel or lot and shall be payable within 10 calendar days from receipt thereof. Within 60 days after such costs and expenses are incurred and remain unpaid, the City Clerk may enter those charges onto the tax role as a special charge for current services pursuant to § 66.0627, Wis. Stats., or special tax pursuant to § 66.0907(5) and (3)(f), Wis. Stats.
Such costs and expenses are in addition to the penalty for failure to keep sidewalks clear of snow or ice.
Snow and ice not to encroach. No person shall push, plow, blow, scoop, pile or in any way deposit any snow or ice onto any public street, alley, sidewalk or public lands dedicated to public use which are used for vehicular or pedestrian traffic. Parcels or lots located in areas of the City in which a street terrace does not exist may push snow from the sidewalk into the street prior to City removal of snow from street. "Street terrace" is defined as the area between the sidewalk and curb, or street in the absence of a curb. Snow removal shall be done in a manner to avoid negatively impacting other properties. The Public Works Department may remove any snow placed in the street, or other public lands in violation of this subsection and may include the expense of doing so on the statement required by § 66.0907(5) and (3)(f), Wis. Stats., and in the statement to the Clerk and in the special tax to be levied as therein provided, or by special charge for current services pursuant to § 66.0627, Wis. Stats.
Enforcement. All sworn police officers or the Director of Public Works, or his designee, are hereby authorized and directed to enforce the provisions of this section. In the event of emergency weather conditions, enforcement may be delayed by the Director of Public Works.
Violations and penalties. The penalty for violation of any provision of this section shall be a penalty as provided in Chapter 1, § 1-3 of this Code.
At any place in this chapter where an item of expense is made chargeable to a particular parcel of land, said charge shall be levied as a special assessment against the parcel and collected in the same manner as other special assessments. No assessment shall be approved without notice to the taxpayer and opportunity to be heard.
[Added 10-10-2006 by Ord. No. A-361]
The penalty for violation of any provision of this chapter shall be a penalty as provided in Chapter 1, § 1-3 of this Code.
[Added 1-15-2008 by Ord. No. A-387; amended 3-5-2019 by Ord. No. A-530]
Purpose. The streets of the City are primarily for the use of the public in the ordinary way. However, under appropriate circumstances, the Common Council may grant a permit for either public or private street use, subject to reasonable municipal regulation and control. Therefore, this section is enacted to regulate and control the use of City street to the end that the health, safety and general welfare of the public and the good order of the City can be protected and maintained.
Special event permit (open to the public). A written application for a special event permit by persons or groups shall be made on an application provided by the City Clerk and shall be filed with the City Clerk at least 45 days prior to a scheduled event.
Block party permit (private use). A written application for a block party shall be made with the City Clerk within 45 days of the event.
Review by Chief of Police and Director of Operations. A minimum of 45 days prior to a scheduled event, upon receipt of an application, a meeting involving the Chief of Police, the Director of Operations, and the City Clerk shall occur in order to review the permit application for a recommendation to Council. The Director of Operations and Chief of Police may suggest conditions to the Common Council for issuance of a permit. The person or representative of the application shall be present when the Common Council considers the application, in order to offer any necessary information in making a determination.
Mandatory denial of permit.
An application for a permit shall be denied if:
The proposed event would violate any federal or state law or any ordinance of the City.
The proposed event will substantially hinder the movement of police, fire or emergency vehicles, constituting an unnecessary risk to persons or property.
The application does not contain the information required.
The Common Council may deny a permit for any other reason or reasons if it concludes that the health, safety and general welfare of the public cannot adequately be protected and maintained if the permit is granted.
Permit fee. Each application for a permit shall be accompanied by a fee as set forth by resolution on the City Fee Schedule.
Insurance or bond. The applicant for an event may be required to indemnify, defend and hold the City and its employees and agents harmless against all claims, liability, loss, damage or expense incurred by the City on account of any injury to or death of any person or any damage to property caused by or resulting from the activities for which the permit is granted. As evidence of the applicant's ability to perform the conditions of the permit, the applicant may be required to furnish a certificate of comprehensive general liability insurance with the City of Lodi. The applicants may be required to furnish a performance bond prior to being granted the permit. The amount of the insurance coverage or bond shall be set by the City Council at the time of issuance of the permit.
Termination of a permit. A permit in progress may be terminated by the Police Department if the health, safety and welfare of the public appear to be endangered by activities generated as a result of the event or the event is in violation of any of the conditions of the permits or ordinances of the City of Lodi. The Police Department has the authority to revoke a permit, or terminate an event in progress, if the event organizers fail to comply with any of the regulations in the policy or conditions stated in the permit.
Notification. The City Clerk shall send a copy of the issued permit to the Lodi area EMS and Lodi area Fire Department in advance of the effective date of the event.


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Bill BoneBill Bone2019-07-11T13:03:03-04:00
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Q: Disable attach to process I am looking for a way to check and see if someone attached to a program/process I start.
I want to make it harder to reverse engineer my program by disabling attach to process.
Is this do able? is there some API call that will look to see if something is attached to my process and if so end process.
From my understanding I can or should be able to check this in my code and if i see that this is true i can just kill my self or whats attached to my self.
#if DEBUG
RTBconsole.Text = "Debug version";
#endif

This only stopped me from debugging my code I want to be able to stop any attachment form taking place on my process.

A: A few strategies...
#1:
There are some APIs for detecting the presence of a debugger:

*

*Debugger.IsAttached

*IsDebuggerPresent

*CheckRemoteDebuggerPresent
But there are obvious limitations here: if a debugger has suspended execution, this check is obviously useless. So this is not water-tight.
#2:
Attach your own debugger to the processes you care about. That way the user cannot attach their own (a process can only be debugged once simultaneously).
Of course the user could just kill your debugger process.
Or use a kernel debugger, which you cannot prevent or detect.
Which leads to the conclusion: at some level, as long as the user has full access to the system, they can do whatever they want, so be sure to weigh your anti-debugging efforts against the realization that it will take less time for a novice hacker to work around it.

A: To detect a managed debugger you can call System.Diagnostics.Debugger.IsAttached.
If you want to detect native debuggers the function you need is called IsDebuggerPresent. P/invoke it like this:
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool IsDebuggerPresent();

As @tenfour says, neither of these approaches is particularly effective against a resolute attacker – but then nothing is.

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The Walls Blocking Hempcrete's Acceptance
Kit O'Connell March 31, 2019 CultureFeature
Though hempcrete is healthier for both a building's occupants and the planet, high costs and lack of research stand in the way of widespread acceptance.
Hempcrete, a building material made from the woody core of the hemp plant, could revolutionize sustainable architecture and engineering. If, that is, we can overcome a number of frustrating barriers that stand in the way of widespread implementation.
Made from just a few simple ingredients (often just hemp hurds, water, and lime), hempcrete is resistant to numerous hazards, including pests and fire. Hempcrete buildings even become carbon-negative over time as the walls absorb the carbon dioxide that's exhaled by occupants.
But hempcrete is labor-intensive and can be expensive from a materials perspective. Perhaps because of this, engineers and architects are still reluctant to use it.
A Hempitecture worker build the Highland Hemp House, one of the largest residential hemp projects in the United States.
That doesn't mean we should dismiss hempcrete, according to Matthew Mead, founder of Hempitecture. Hempitecture recently completed work on the Highland Hemp House, an ambitious hempcrete retrofit to a home built in 1969 in Bellingham, Washington.
"Every project that's well executed creates a precedent, and that precedent can be shared," Mead says.
As awareness spreads and engineers learn about the potential of hempcrete, many of the barriers to building with hemp are likely to subside.
The Immense Potential of Hempcrete
Like many things related to the plant itself, the benefits of hempcrete are plentiful. They've already been proven in Europe, where hempcrete is relatively commonplace. "Europe is light years ahead of us," Mead says.
Typically, hempcrete is used as an insulator, built around a building's support structure. Made from the inner core of hemp, or hurd, hempcrete takes on many of the properties of the original plant. Hempcrete is resistant to pests, mold, bacteria, and even fire.
Buckets of hempcrete being lifted to a second story deck
Hempcrete insulates while still being gas permeable, which makes for a healthier home. And its R-value — the factor which measures its ability to reflect energy — makes hempcrete as good or better than other common forms of insulation. Since it comes from a fast-growing plant, advocates argue that hempcrete is far more environmentally sustainable than concrete, a popular choice in modern "green" buildings.
Expense and Labor Still Hindering Adoption
Hempcrete is usually mixed batch-by-batch on a building site by combining hemp hurds with water and a natural binder such as lime. The mixture is poured into forms built around the building's structure and allowed to dry. The process is slow, labor-intensive, and difficult to fully automate. Additionally, it's hard to guarantee that every batch of hempcrete will be consistent.
For cost, the biggest factor increasing price is that most hemp hurd needs to be imported from overseas.
"We're bringing material from the other side of the world," Mead says. "In fact, shipping costs of the material are often higher than the material itself."
Hempcrete being loaded into a wall form by a conveyer belt at the Highland Hemp House.
While Mead argues the long-term savings in health and energy efficiency make up for the cost, price still inhibits would-be hemp builders. Although the supply of U.S.-grown hemp is rapidly increasing, it's mostly grown for CBD. Mead says the core of these plants is too "knobby" for use in hempcrete.
But the material costs will come down if we encourage farmers to grow other forms of hemp. Mead says dual-purpose plants that can be used for both hemp food and hemp fiber are increasingly common on Canadian hemp farms.
The Future: Mass-Produced Hemp Blocks
In October, Mead attended the International Hemp Building Association's 8th annual International Hemp Building Symposium in Brussels, where he says he "was blown away by the progress they've made."
As part of his visit, he toured the IsoHemp factory, which mass produces hundreds of standardized hemp blocks a day. While Mead believes there will always be a role for custom-poured projects, he thinks mass production holds the key to hempcrete's widespread acceptance.
There are signs of progress in that direction on this side of the Atlantic. Based in Alberta, Canada, Just BioFiber pioneered a modular building system that uses what look like oversized Lego blocks to create structurally sound buildings. The cores of their blocks are made from hempcrete, packed into a proprietary exterior that makes them completely load-bearing and weatherproof. With an abundance of hemp in Canada, the blocks can easily be made from domestically grown plants, which further brings down costs.
The "Harmless House," built by Sooke Construction in British Columbia, utilized the modular hempcrete blocks.
"It's a pre-engineered product so every block is the same," says Terry Brooks, Just BioFiber's vice president in charge of business development and sales. "We know how it's going to perform when you put it in a structure."
Just Biofiber made headlines recently when their blocks were selected for a self-storage facility in British Columbia, which was created using hemp and other green materials. Projects like this are proving that hemp building blocks are both reliable and much faster to work with than other forms of hempcrete.
"You can stack up a couple of hundred blocks a day," Brooks says.
Because of that ability, Brooks says his team can build two floors of an average house in 21 days. By comparison, pouring hempcrete at Highland Hemp House took about two months, even with Hempitecture's experience and innovations in hempcrete pouring techniques.
A Collaborative Effort for Research
The final barrier to hempcrete's acceptance is overcoming the skepticism of many architects, engineers, and designers. Both Brooks and Mead suggest more research is needed to make hempcrete part of the standard builder's toolbox.
According to Brooks, "Engineers have three books: wood, concrete, and steel. That's it."
To that end, Hempitecture is partnering with design students from Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, and an advisor from The Boeing Company, who are performing a study to document hempcrete's fire resistance. While many similar studies have already been performed in Europe, differing systems of measurement make it difficult to use the results of those studies in the U.S.
Mead hopes hemp building advocates will work together to share their research and further the field, until hempcrete is considered fully "code ready."
"There has to be some means to pull people together, no one should be working in a silo," he says. "That's really going to take a collaborative effort."
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June 23, 2019 Chance Schutter Reply
Great goods from you, man. I've be mindful your stuff previous to and you are just too wonderful. I really like what you've acquired right here, really like what you're saying and the best way by which you assert it. You're making it enjoyable and you continue to care for to keep it smart. I can't wait to read much more from you. This is actually a great site.
February 25, 2020 Wolf Jordan Reply
I have a few remarks, if you don't mind…
First: it is perfectly possible to make an absolutaly consistent quality of your miX. If you are able to cook spaghetti or patatoes, then you should be able to make hempcrete.
Then, here in Belgium a trained professional building team of four men is able to realise between 10 and 12 cubic metres of hempcrete in one day. This way you can come up with a very acceptable labour cost I would say. Isn't it? Because once casted, no messing around: the walls are ready to be plastered.
Retrofitting could in some cases bring some complications, but I saw they used a conveyor belt, so this was very smart.
Further, the shivs of the cbd hemp can perfectly be used for hempcrete. They only need to be processed in the correct way, that's all. A couple of weeks ago I was still in Nepal, where I was teaching locals to work with hempcrete. You should have seen the waste rubbish of hemp that was available. Nevertheless a team of unskilled local macons and a woman managed to close and finish a whole wall, as part of the extension of the local Cranofacial Hospital (also already made from hempcrete by our good friends of Shiv Company) in only two or three days. Starting from scratch and including both inside and outside plastering. So what…
Finally: of course it is crazy to ship your ingredients from the other side of the world. But we should be grateful that Pamela Bosch had the courage and the guts to engage herself into such an adventure. Because now you can go to Bellingham and admire the results. Which are spectacular.
Without her, this interesting article would never have been written at all.
So, thanks a lot, Pam, you are a brave woman!
Copyright 2020 Hemp Today Media


Introduction to Onshape — Course Enhancements!
Onshape has been continually adding new features and capabilities, so we have been hard at work expanding our Onshape learning experiences.
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The Concept of Time in Hinduism
By Janet Delhi
Most religions have their own sense of history and perhaps predictions of human destiny. Hinduism also has it's history, but Hinduism also has something else: It's own unique sense of time and cosmology. It is not just about human destiny, but the destiny of the universe. Where Westerners tend to think of time as a straight line going forward forever, Hinduism seems to see time as almost circular.
Before the 1930s, before the Big Bang theory of the universe, the leading theory about the universe was the Steady State Theory. This theory held that the universe pretty much was constant, and, it would somehow go on forever. With the Big Bang Theory, suddenly we have a beginning to the universe … and an age to the universe (around 14 billion years) … which may imply there is some sort of cosmic cycle at work. There is the Big Crunch Theory which holds that the physical laws of the universe will, eventually, take the universe into old age. According to the second law of thermodynamics, entropy will eventually turn the universe incredibly cold, and then collapse in on itself.
Most people are familiar with the concept of reincarnation in Hinduism. Reincarnation is the constant cycle of life and death, of transmigrating from one life to another. Reincarnation is really about things beginning, and ending, then beginning again. In between these beginnings and endings is learning. The idea of reincarnation is woven into a the Hindu conception of cyclical time. For reincarnation to take place, vast amounts of time are required.
Now, let's take a look at how ancient Hindu scripture looks are life, the universe and cosmology. Hinduism has traditionally divided time into units as small as microseconds to units as large as several trillion years. It is a very complex and detailed system, and too much to cover all at once. We are just going to look at a small part of how Hinduism deals with the concept of time. Something easy. But, our examination will help you begin to understand how 'time' fits into Hindu cosmology. We will start with the four yuccas.
The four yuccas are blocks of time. Each yucca gets consecutively shorter to the first. As one moves from the first, longest yoga, to the next, there is a sharp decline in morality. Each yucca is depicted as a bull or a cow which stands on 1, 2, 3, or all four of its legs. Let us take a look at each yucca, the block of time it represents and humanity's place within that period of time:
1) The Satyr/Krita Yuga – The Satyr Yuga, also known as the Krita Yuga, is represented by a cow standing firmly on all four legs. Morality and righteousness are at their highest in this yoga. Everything is pure and every being acts exactly as they should. The human lifespan in this yoga is 400 years, and the yoga itself lasts for 1,780,000 years.
2) The Treta Yuga – In the Treta Yuga, the cow stands on three legs. This still makes it quite stable, but less sturdy than it was before. The state of the Tetra Yuga is still one of goodness and morality, but in a declining state. The human lifespan is cut down to 300 years, and the yoga lasts 1,296,000 years.
3) The Dvapara Yuga – The Dvapara Yuga sees the cow standing precariously on only two legs. Some strong pillars of dharma and morality remain, but there are now many things wrong with the world. The human lifespan is half of what it started at, at 200 years. This yoga lasts 864,000 years.
4) The Kali Yuga – The Kali Yuga, symbolized by the cow with only one leg, is unfortunately the age we are said to be living in right now. It is the age of vice and strife, with all virtues degenerating. The human lifespan has dropped to 100 years. This yoga is the shortest of the four, lasting 432,000 years.
These four yuccas together make a mahayuga. A mahayuga lasts for 4,320,000 years. There are 71 of these mahayugas in a mahavantara. Mahavantara's are important units of time because they represent an age that is ruled over by one Manu, the father of humanity. We are currently said to be living in the 7th mahavantara of this cycle of creation.
A kalpa is another very important and very large unit of time in Hinduism. One kalpa is 1000 mahayugas (or 14 mahavantaras). One kalpa represents the first 12 hours of the day for the creator god Brahma, it takes a second kalpa to represents the next 12 hours, or the night. Brahma, the Creator and Creation, has a life span of 100 "years". Since two kalpas represent only one day and one night for him, this brings Brahma's life span in human years to an astounding total of 311 trillion years.
Brahma is considered the all in everything, the universe itself, and more. However, Brahma, just like every other being, is also subject to reincarnation. So, even he must come to an end in this grand cosmic dance. Why? So he can begin anew, again. Brahma is always reborn from the naval of the god Shiva, the destroyer, often depicted as explosion and fire … and Brahma's destiny is to create the universe, a new universe, once again.
Let Clairvoyant, Vedic Astrologer Kumari Answer Your Questions About Past, Present and Future: Call 1-800-806-5899
In an odd way, Westerner cosmology and Hindu cosmology have begun to look more similar with the passage of time. From a spiritual point of view, humanity's development, or even on person's spiritual path, is a VERY long one, with almost innumerable lessons to learn. So, if you had a bad day today, if you forgot your car keys of spilled coffee on your clothes, maybe said something you shouldn't have, relax and let it go. In the cosmology of time, what's one day in a speck of space? And, in terms of Hindu spirituality, you have got lot's of time to fix things. In fact, that's all you're here to do.
Would you like an impressive psychic reading? Give Psychic Astrologer Kumari a call at 1-800-806-5899, toll free Canada and US. Kumari is a talented clairvoyant who is also an expert in Vedic Astrology.
Resources You May Appreciate:
What Lies Beyond the Universe?
Hindu Cosmology Meets The West
Filed Under: Eastern Philosophy Tagged With: hinduism, time, cosmology


The first Seminole County Open Studio Tours of 2019 dates have changed to May 4-5, 2019. Due to this change we have also extended the participate application deadline and as an added incentive, we have reduced the fees for Host Studios!
Learn more about this fantastic new event coming to Seminole County!


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Strange II AM LEGEND Rumblings...
Published at: Nov. 24, 2008, 9:07 a.m. CST by merrick
It's important to be clear that the following information comes to us with a bit of backstory/context. But...as far as I know...we've never actually tested this source before. So, take this into consideration (i.e. consume with a grain of salt) when mulling the following: Westwood9 sent in some information regarding purported developments on the new I AM LEGEND "prequel" project (HERE).
Let's start at the beginning. Smith is actually the one who developed the initial story. It took place several years before the original film and there were still pockets of survivors and the story centered around Smith interacting, bonding, and ultimately failing to save them. For months this was the story. Warner's didn't much care for it and Smith and Weiss eventually came on board and all parties agreed to change things up. Well this change is pretty insane, the film is no longer a prequel, it's a fucking sequel!
...said Westwood9 in his/her message. The "Weiss" Westwood9 refers to = D. B. Weiss, the film's current writer (as far as we know). Yeah, so, Will blowing himself up in the first film might make his appearing in a sequel (if that's what this really is now) somewhat tricky. And, why would Smith even bother to develop such a project if this is the case? Strangely, had The Powers That Be gone with the ending they originally shot, a Smith-driven sequel would at least make sense/be easier to wrangle conceptually. Is this bunk? Studio madness? If accurate, will all the anti-plague toxins Neville was working on somehow allow Smith to return as a sentient-but-crispy talking head? More to come as more comes in...
BTW: II AM LEGEND is not an official title, or anything. Talkbacker Mullah Omar previously dubbed the notion of a prequel "II AM LEGEND" (IN THIS TALKBACK), and I subsequently adopted the title when referring to this project.


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Home CELEB GISTS 20 Surprising Things We Just Learned About Hilary Duff And The Lizzie...
20 Surprising Things We Just Learned About Hilary Duff And The Lizzie McGuire Cast
After 16 years, Lizzie McGuire is finally coming back! Disney+ is rebooting the show with some of the original cast, and unlike the original, the reboot of the show will take place in NYC. In this new series, things might be a little different from what you remember. Everyone from the cast has grown up, lived their separate lives, and certainly won't look the way they did in 2001.
After Lizzie McGuire ended, Hilary Duff found herself massively in the spotlight, while other cast members went on to live normal lifestyles. After all these years went by, you're probably wondering what happened to everyone from the show.
From scandals, success, to shocking things that happened behind the scenes of Lizzie McGuire, we're going to go through some of the most surprising things you never knew about the cast of Lizzie McGuire. Let's get started!
Hilary Almost Didn't Play Lizzie
It's hard to imagine anyone other than the petite and innocent Hilary Duff in the role of Lizzie McGuire, but it turns out there was a chance she wouldn't get the part. The runner ups for the role were both Lindsay Lohan and Sara Paxton. This just goes to show that Lindsay and Hilary had way more things to compete for other than Aaron Carter back in the early 2000s.
Lalaine Has A Criminal Record
Miranda was always the edgy one in terms of character and fashion on Lizzie McGuire, which was also pretty accurate in real life. In 2007, Lalaine was charged with a felony for possession of something a Disney star should never have. She attended a treatment program and had her record expunged.
Kate Sanders Became A Lawyer
Ashlie Brillault played one of our favorite mean girls, Kate Sanders. Her character on the show noticed plenty of small things she could criticize about Lizzie and Miranda, which is why it's totally in character for her to become a lawyer in real life. You'd have to be really observant to notice if someone's an outfit repeater.
Ethan Craft Recently Got Engaged
Despite Ethan Craft never showing an interest in Lizzie McGuire (who absolutely adored him), his actor Clayton Snyder ended up getting engaged to a woman that bears a huge resemblance to actress Hilary Duff. Although, Duff hinted that Ethan and Lizzie will finally get together in the reboot!
Hilary Didn't Keep In Touch With The Cast
They Had To Hire An Acting Coach For The Cast
Ethan Wasn't Supposed To Be Lizzie's Crush
Lizzie McGuire Almost Had A Spin-Off On ABC
Hilary Was Cast In The Role Because Of Her Fashion Sense
Clayton Snyder Took The Longest In Hair And Makeup
Lalaine Focused On Her Music Career After Leaving The Show
Selena Gomez Almost Starred In A Spin-Off Series With LalaineIf you ever wondered why Lalaine wasn't in the final two episodes of Lizzie McGuire, it's because she was filming a spin-off titled What's Stevie Thinking? with Selena Gomez. According to Seventeen, the show would have been about Miranda and her younger sister Stevie (played by Gomez) living in Australia. Unfortunately, the show didn't get picked up by Disney.
Hilary's Older Sister Provided The Singing Voice For Lizzie's Doppelganger
Hilary Did All Her Own Stunts
Jake Thomas Became A Photographer
Gordo Quit Acting To Work For An Irish Arts Center In NYC
Lizzie McGuire's Dad Was A Lead Actor In Revenge Of The Nerds
Lalaine Still Rocks Miranda's Hat
Gordo Is Returning For The Reboot
Hilary Dated Joel Madden From Good Charlotte At The Age Of 16
Hilary's age difference with Good Charlotte's lead singer was surprisingly not commented on much back then. Their relationship started when she was just 16 years old and he was already 24. An age gap like that would certainly be considered controversial these days, and it's shocking that they were ever together in the first place.
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Cytherea attending the AVN Awards Show at the Palms Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, January 2011
Cassieardolla Story[1]
(1981-09-27) September 27, 1981 (age 40)
Cynthia, Cytheria, Cyntherea, Sytheria, Cythera, Cyntheria
Timothy Hale (until his death on November 2, 2016)[3]
cythereaxxx.com
Cytherea (born September 27, 1981) is an American pornographic actress and model. She is known for her ability to ejaculate (known as "squirting" in the adult industry) while performing sex acts.
Cytherea took her stage name from the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and music.[4][5] She originally had a Yahoo! fan group when she was recruited by an agent into the adult industry. Her video career started in 2003,[6] and she has performed in over 350 movies. Her first scene was with Tyce Bune for I've Never Done That Before 14. Elegant Angel produced a series of movies featuring her dubbed as "Squirtwoman".[5] Cytherea performed her first anal scene in the movie Cytherea's Anal Whores in 2006.[6]
She won the Best New Starlet Award from AVN in 2005. Also that year she made her feature dancing debut in Charlotte, N.C. at The Gentlemen's Club.[7] Cytherea formed a production company called Cytherea Productions in 2004.[8]
In 2012, Cytherea signed with Ideal Image Management for representation, returning to performing after a brief stint in 2010–11 after a nearly four-year hiatus.[9]
In 2014, Cytherea announced her intentions to crowdfund her return to the adult industry. She stated that since retiring from the industry in 2005, she has been a stay-at-home-mother to her two children. She also stated that she has had plastic surgery done in order to prepare herself for her return.[10]
She has appeared on cable television shows, most notably the HBO/Cinemax series Sex Games: Vegas, Playboy TV's Night Calls and has been a guest on the Tom Leykis Show[5] and The Howard Stern Show.[4]
Cytherea also hosted an industry talk and interview radio show on KSEX in Los Angeles, California called Goddess of Gush.[11] According to her website, the show was cancelled in 2006 and Cytherea has toured as a feature dancer in the past.[citation needed]
She has also had minor roles in a variety of movies such as the thriller Tumbling After[12] and the comedy film Finishing the Game: The Search for a New Bruce Lee,[13] both in 2007, and the cable television series Sex Games Vegas in 2005.[14]
Cytherea was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.[4] She has two children[15] and self-identifies as bisexual.[16] She is a former Mormon.[1]
Cytherea's house was invaded and robbed in January 2015, which involved a sexual assault by three armed men. Police believed the house was selected at random.[17] Cytherea, her husband, and her two children were all home at the time.[18][19][20]
She was married to Timothy Hale. Hale died at the age of 52 on November 2, 2016.[3]
AVN Awards
2004[21] Nominated Best Sex Scene Coupling – Video (with Mark Ashley) Barely Legal 40
2005[22][23] Won Best New Starlet N/A
Nominated Female Performer of the Year N/A
Nominated Best Couples Sex Scene – Video (with Mark Ashley) Internal Cumbustion 3
Nominated Best Group Sex Scene – Video (with Flower Tucci, Mari Possa, Aria & Julian) Anal Surprise Party
Nominated Best Group Sex Scene – Video (with Roxanne Hall, Frank Gun & Arnold Schwartzenpecker) Cytherea Iz Squirtwoman
Nominated Best All-Girl Sex Scene – Video (with Tiana Lynn)
Nominated Best Threeway Sex Scene – Video (with Delilah Strong & Brian Bacchus)
Nominated Best Threeway Sex Scene – Video (with Fallon Summers & Toni Ribas) Addicted to Sex
Nominated Best Threeway Sex Scene – Video (with Lauren Phoenix & Randy Spears) Buttwoman Iz Lauren Phoenix
Nominated Best Solo Sex Scene Bob's Videos 184
2006[24] Nominated Best All-Girl Sex Scene – Video (with Sandra Romain) Cousin Stevie's Pussy Party 7
Nominated Best Solo Sex Scene Scuba Squirters
Nominated Most Outrageous Sex Scene (with Rodney Moore) I Survived a Rodney Blast 3
2007[25] Nominated Most Outrageous Sex Scene (with Flower Tucci, Angela Stone, Kat, Felony, Lexi Love & Mark Davis) The Great American Squirt Off
2008[26] Nominated Best All-Girl Sex Scene, Film (with Melisande) X
XBIZ Awards
2013[27] Nominated Performer Comeback of the Year
XRCO Awards
2004[28] Won Teen Cream Dream N/A
2005[29] Nominated New Starlet N/A
Nominated Single Performance, Actress Squirtwoman
2012[30] Nominated Best Cumback N/A
^ a b "Cytherea's Comeback". lasvegascitylife.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
^ Cytherea at the Internet Adult Film Database
^ a b "Timothy Hale, Husband of Cytherea, Passes Away". XBIZ. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
^ a b c Tim Connely (December 3, 2004). "Cytherea and Teagan Presley Visit Howard Stern; Karma Wins Vegas Trip". AVN. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
^ a b c Peter Warren (May 13, 2004). "AVN Insider – Cytherea: The Goddess of Gush". AVN. Archived from the original on May 29, 2004. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
^ a b Martinez, Carlos (March 4, 2006). "Cytherea Performs Her First Anal in Latest Release". AVN. Retrieved May 9, 2007.
^ "Cytherea to Make Dance Debut". Adult Video News. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ "Cytherea Announces New Company, Launch Party". AVN. September 23, 2004. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
^ "Cytherea Signs with Ideal Image Management". Adult Video News. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ "Cytherea the Squirt Queen is crowdfunding her return to porn". The Daily Dot. September 19, 2014. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
^ "Paul Fishbein to Appear on Cytherea's Goddess of Gush". AVN. January 13, 2005. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
^ "Tumbling After (2007)". IMDb. February 15, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ "Finishing the Game: The Search for a New Bruce Lee (2007)". IMDb. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ "Sex Games Vegas: Season 1, Episode 3 For I Have Sinned". IMDb. May 20, 2005. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
^ "Cytherea". Retrieved March 4, 2013.
^ Christina (January 31, 2008). "Interview with Cytherea". AIPdaily.com. Archived from the original on August 8, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
^ "Home Invasion Strikes Fear in Mountains Edge". Las Vegas Now. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
^ "Online Fundraiser Launched by Cytherea". XBIZ. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
^ "Report: Victim assaulted 4 times in home invasion attack". News Las Vegas. February 6, 2015. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
^ Sentencing delayed for teens suspected in 2015 home invasion and sexual assault August 30th 2016, news3lv.com
^ "Nominations for 2004 AVN Awards Show" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2003. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "2005 AVN Awards Show Winners Announced". AVN. January 8, 2005. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "2005 AVN AWARDS NOMINATIONS". Archived from the original on November 14, 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "2006 AVN Award Nominees" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 6, 2006. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "AVN AWARDS 2007 NOMINEES". Archived from the original on April 23, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "The 2008 AVN Awards Nominations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "2013 Nominees". Archived from the original on December 25, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ "Jules Jordan, Evil Angel, Elegant Angel, Wicked Pictures Capture XRCO Awards". AVN. August 19, 2004. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ Dirty Bob (April 7, 2005). "XRCO Announces Nominations". AVN. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
^ Bob Johnson (February 14, 2012). "2012 XRCO Award Nominations Announced". XBIZ. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Cytherea at IMDb
Cytherea at the Adult Film Database
Cytherea at the Internet Adult Film Database
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cytherea (porn star).
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesswomen
Actresses from Salt Lake City
American female adult models
American pornographic film actresses
American women company founders
American company founders
Bisexual pornographic film actresses
Former Latter Day Saints
LGBT adult models
LGBT businesspeople from the United States
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Cabin 7232 ..size of balcony was very nice. Lots of storage. But no special soaps and stuff like I'm use to. Windjammer (buffet) ..no service everything was self service and the choice of foods were limited . I only went here 2 times when forced . Promenade restaurant did a great job on pizza , also at breakfast had a small variety. But the food tasted good. Main dining, the service was great!!! Breakfast and lunch were good. Dinner had very little change from night to night, also was were most of our group had problems with the food. Fish really smelled. If you are vegetation or Vegan you will have a terrible time eating. The Promenade was dark , I always felt as if it were night. Lacked in shows. They didn't repeat the movies under the stars on the tv. I did like the new registration process. All the people working on the ship was amazing!! You could smell the smoke from the casino on deck 5 (casino is on deck 4) Don't leave anyone that is disabled down on the port .. Our friends were forgotten and had to work their way onto the ship. I think that is sad.
Cabin 7232 ..size of balcony was very nice. Lots of storage. But no special soaps and stuff like I'm use to.
Windjammer (buffet) ..no service everything was self service and the choice of foods were limited . I only went here 2 times when forced .
Promenade restaurant did a great job on pizza , also at breakfast had a small variety. But the food tasted good.
Main dining, the service was great!!! Breakfast and lunch were good. Dinner had very little change from night to night, also was were most of our group had problems with the food.
If you are vegetation or Vegan you will have a terrible time eating.
The Promenade was dark , I always felt as if it were night.
They didn't repeat the movies under the stars on the tv.
I did like the new registration process.
All the people working on the ship was amazing!!
Don't leave anyone that is disabled down on the port .. Our friends were forgotten and had to work their way onto the ship. I think that is sad.
Nice size, good storage. However no special soaps and lotions. Our Room steward was amazing.
We came in a day early. Stayed at The Spring-hill Suites in Dania. They pick up at airport and take you to port. You can also arrange for them to pick you up on your return.


It can be pretty exciting to build your dream home. After all, you're turning your personal vision into your reality. This process also involves lots of planning and budgeting, since there are lots of different expenses that come into play when you're building your own house. Make sure that you get all of the labor and material quotes in writing- and if they tell you that you have a specific time period before that quote expires, respect that.
First of all, building your dream home requires some planning. So, sit down and write out the specifics of this dream home. Write down where you want it to be located, the size of the property it will be built on. Additionally, you want to include the square footage of the house, how many rooms and bathrooms there will be, as well as any extra amenities such as a swimming pool or hot tub.
Do some online browsing for houses that fit your criteria. Look for some exact or similar matches in your area. Pay attention to the asking price and take away about thirty percent of that. This will give you a rough estimate of how much building your home will cost if you opt to be your own general contractor. However, if you wish to hire someone to be your general contractor, you will only subtract 10 percent.
Get a contract for blueprints to be drafted and calculate this cost into your total. This cost will vary, depending on where you are located and the drafter you choose to hire.
Add in the labor costs for the plumber, landscaper, builder, and electrician- which will require you to get written bids from them. A solid contactor will assist you with choosing the right materials for building and finalizing your plans. This is usually the most important cost of building a new home.
Consider how much the building materials are going to cost you. For example, feel free to shop around for various suppliers of tools like plasma cutting tables in your area. Also be sure to add in the cost for finishing touches such as appliances, fixtures, and even furniture.
Make sure to include the cost of the land you want to purchase and build your home on. Don't forget the costs of inspections, permits, grading your lot, road construction, and connecting your utilities.
Add together all of the above amounts. This will give you a rough estimate of what it will cost you to build your own house.
Finest Contractors can help your contracting project. Trust the winnipeg heating and cooling experts to Fix furnaces and air conditioners.


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What is the actual impact of Trump's H-1B visa ban and other questions answered
The different categories of visa holders who will be impacted, those who will not be, exemptions if any and other salient parts of the US action that you should know.
Swathi Moorthy
June 23, 2020 / 08:07 PM IST
US President Donald Trump banned non-immigrant visas such as H-1B and L-1 till December in an executive order on June 22 (local time). In the order, Trump also extended the ban for issuance of Green Cards till the end of 2020.
This would impact H-1B, H-2, L-1, J visa holders. However, students and optional training programmes, which foreign students can avail after graduation, remain unaffected.
What does the new order say?
The proclamation bans the entry of foreign nationals, including Indians, through skilled worker visas such as H-1B, L-1/L-2, unskilled temporary worker visa H-2B and J visa reserved for scholars, professors and exchange students.
US GDP and jobs data show the stock market bears are still early
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The ban will be effective from June 24 to December 31. This is also applicable for the immigrant visas that are initially banned for 60 days.
Watch: H-1B visa ban | What does it mean for India?
What is the need for this order?
The objective is to improve unemployment in the US, which now stands at 40 million.
In the proclamation, Trump said, "Between February and April of 2020, more than 17 million United States jobs were lost in industries in which employers are seeking to fill worker positions tied to H-2B nonimmigrant visas."
The order further added that during this same period, more than 20 million United States workers lost their jobs in key industries where employers are currently requesting H-1B and L workers to fill positions.
"The entry of additional workers through the H-1B, H-2B, J, and L nonimmigrant visa programs, therefore, presents a significant threat to employment opportunities for Americans affected by the extraordinary economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 outbreak," he added.
Also Read: Prolonged ban of H-1B visa may change IT, tech ecosystem in US
Who is impacted?
The order will not impact those who are already in the US with the valid non-immigration visa and those already in the US.
However it will impact foreign nationals, including Indians, who are applying for a fresh visa. It will also affect those in India with valid skilled worker visas such as H-1B, L-1/L-2 as they will not be allowed entry into the US till the ban is in place.
In terms of Green Cards, this is unlikely to impact those in the US and will affect those applying for Green Cards from outside the country.
Are there any exemptions?
Yes, people who are in essential services in the US will be exempted.
As per the order, this will not affect those who enter the country to provide temporary labour or services essential to the United States food supply chain. The order further states that those whose entry would be in the national interest as determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or their respective designees.
Also Read: H-1B visas: India tops list of registrants
So, what about the tech sector?
There is no explicit mention of tech workers though the order has stated that those in the "national interest" determined by the respective authorities will be allowed. It is unclear if this would include the tech workforce.
In an earlier interaction with Moneycontrol, Shivendra Singh, Vice President and Head - Global Trade Development, NASSCOM, said that tech workers in critical functions should be considered as essential service given that these employees power critical infrastructure such as hospitals in the US.
So how will it impact India?
This will have a significant impact on Indians given that we are the biggest beneficiaries of the visa. There are about four lakh H-1B and one lakh L-1 Indian visa holders in the US employed in several tech and IT firms.
A Kotak Institutional Securities report said that a ban of H-1B and L-1 visas beyond September will affect the talent supply chain of the IT companies even if the companies have increased their localisation in the US, which is more than 50 percent.
Companies such as TCS, Infosys, Wipro and Cognizant are the biggest beneficiaries of the visa along with the US tech firms such as Google, Facebook and Amazon.
Prolonged ban will have an impact on the tech supply chain in the US as these companies will not have the ability to move resources at the back of the ban. This will also impact the fresh application of visa and also those with valid visa travelling to the US.
Click here for our entire coverage of the H-1B visa ban
Tags: #H-1B #Immigration #US #video
first published: Jun 23, 2020 08:47 am


If you're looking for quality car rental, then choosing Aston Martin rental in Austria is the obvious choice for many people. With decades of experience when it comes to comfort and sophistication, this brand certainly delivers where it counts - and enjoying any one of their latest models in Europe will give you an experience to remember for many years to come.
In this guide, we shall give you an overview or the best things to do while you're in this country, and you'll also learn more about the different models available for hire - so let's take a closer look. Firstly, Austria has some wonderful attractions to look out for, particularly for day trippers who are looking to enjoy the highlights of each major city in the country.
For example, many people will enjoy taking a day trip from Salzburg to Vienna, and this will give you some gorgeous scenery to enjoy - as well as many top-notch roads that are ideal for experiencing the thrill and excitement that comes from getting behind the wheel of an Aston Martin. Another popular attraction is the historic center of Vienna, or even the numerous concerts throughout the country, where Mozart is always a popular favorite.
Of course, one of the biggest highlights of your Austrian road trip will be the car you choose to hire, so let's learn more about where the rent an Aston Martin in Austria. The DB9 is easily a top choice to consider, and it offers many prestigious lines and an undeniable elegance that set it apart from virtually anything else on the market right now. Feature wise, the car comes with a powerful 6L V12 engine that delivers a respectable 450 hp and an astonishing 0 to 60 mph time of just 4.5 seconds. The shifting is also sublime thanks to the F1 style paddles mounted behind the wheel for quick and easy access.
On the other hand, you may prefer to rent the Vanquish, which is perhaps the best-performing car produced by the popular manufacturer at the moment. It will give you a whopping top speed of around 190 mph, along with the familiar paddle shifters, heated seats, alloy wheels, and built-in sat nav that'll make any trip an absolute breeze. But one of the best aspects of the Vanquish is the unique style it has to offer, and it's certainly an impressive design that'll draw attention for all of the right reasons. As you would expect, this makes it even more fun to get behind the wheel!
Ultimately, choosing to hire an Aston Martin in Austria is a wise choice for anyone who's looking for a fun, reliable, and unique car that will get them from A to B without any trouble - but will also give them a thrilling experience that will be savored for many years to come. Regardless of the model you choose, you can rest assured you'll be driving a state-of-the-art work of engineering that will give you the drive of your life.


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Does Experience with "Program Management" Make One a Program Manager?
RealPeopleStudio | Shutterstock
The protester argued that it should have received a significant strength for its proposed program manager based on his experience as a vice president and executive at Los Alamos National Labs. GAO, however, found that the agency had properly assigned the protester's program manager a strength as opposed to a significant strength. In his role as an executive at Los Alamos, the proposed individual had obtained experience in "program management," but he didn't have experience as an actual program manager.
National TRU Solutions, LLC, GAO B-420913 et al.
The Department of Energy (DOE) issued an RFP for the removal of nuclear waste. Five offerors, including National TRU Solutions (NTS) and Tularosa Basin Range Services (TBRS), submitted proposals. DOE awarded the contract to TBRS, finding the company's proposal was technically superior to all the others. NTS protested.
NTS's Program Manager
NTS contended DOE should have assigned its proposed program manager a significant strength instead of a mere strength. NTS reasoned its program manager deserved a strength for his experience as a vice president and executive at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
GAO, however, found that DOE had properly assessed a strength. While working at Los Alamos, NTS's program manager had worked in "program management." But NTS had not represented that he had served as an actual program manager or that his duties covered the same scope of work as that required by the RFP.
TBRS's Program Manager
NTS alleged TBRS's program manager should have been assessed a weakness for lacking experience explicitly identified in the RFP. Specifically, NTS argued,TBRS's manager lacked experience with mines.
But GAO didn't see lack of experience with mines as a problem. The RFP provided that key personnel would be evaluated based on their experience performing similar work, including experience with mines, if related to the position. The RFP, however, also stated that the functions of key personnel would be dependent on each offeror's organizational structure. Here, TBRS had proposed a program manager with responsibility over a wide range of PWS efforts, but this program manager didn't have direct responsibility for mining efforts. Instead, TBRS had proposed a separate mining operation manager. Because TBRS's program manager did not have any specific duties relating to mines, he didn't need to have mining experience. A weakness was not warranted.
NTS complained that the DOE had improperly determined that one of the contract references submitted by its team member was not relevant. GAO, however, found that DOE had reasonably assessed the relevance of this performance. The RFP stated that the relevancy of a team member's reference would be assessed based on the similarly of that reference's scope, size, and complexity to the portion of the PWS the team member was proposed to perform. In this case, NTS's proposed team member would have responsibility over all PWS requirements. But the team member's reference only aligned with a small portion of PWS tasks. DOE had not erred in finding that reference not relevant.
NTS contended DOE had engaged in unequal discussions by allowing TBRS to provide pricing information that the company had failed to provide in its proposal. GAO disagreed. DOE had not invited or permitted TBRS to revise its proposal. Rather, DOE had asked TBRS to clarify with a "yes or no response" whether the sums TBRS had used in one proposal volume applied to another proposal volume. TBRS had simply answered "yes." TBRS had not submitted new a revised proposal or new pricing information. The agency had thus merely sought clarifications, not discussions, from TBRS.
Evaluation of TBRS's Affiliate
TBRS's had stated in its proposal that it planned to rely on the resources of an affiliated company. NTS claimed that DOE should have identified this alleged affiliate as a subcontractor and had not properly evaluated whether this putative team member had met the RFP's requirements for subcontractors.
GAO didn't see a problem The RFP permitted TBRS, as a newly formed entity, to use the resources of an affiliate. TBRS had expressly disclaimed that it had any plans to use the affiliate as a subcontractor. While NTS had identified instances where the affiliate met the definition of a subcontractor, NTS had not demonstrated that DOE was prohibited from evaluating the proposed affiliate as an affiliate.
NTS is represented by Kenneth B. Weckstein, Andrew C. Crawford, and Shlomo D. Katz of Brown Rudnick LLP. The intervenor, TBRS, is represented by Scott M. McCaleb, Jon W. Burd, Cara L. Lasley, and W. Benjamin Phillips, III of Wiley Rein LLP. The agency is represented by James J. Jurich, Stephanie B. Young, Nicholas Bidwell, Greta Iliev, and Sky Smith of the Department of Energy. GAO attorneys Heather Weiner and Jennifer Westfall-McGrail participated in the preparation of the decision.
–Case summary by Craig LaChance, Senior Editor
GAO - National TRU Solutions
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Oldham County, Texas - Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,501 square miles (3,889 km²), of which 1,500 square miles (3,887 km²) is land and 1 square miles (2 km²) (0.05%) is water. A southern strip of the county, including the county seat Vega, is located on top of the Llano Estacado (Staked Plains). The next approximately 12 miles slope down to the Canadian River. The former county seat of Tascosa is located at a crossing of the Canadian River north of Vega. The terrain then slopes up from the Canadian River, passing the county line at approximately 6 miles and reaching the top of the High Plains a further four miles north.
Read more about this topic: Oldham County, Texas
"Where the heart is, there the muses, there the gods sojourn, and not in any geography of fame. Massachusetts, Connecticut River, and Boston Bay, you think paltry places, and the ear loves names of foreign and classic topography. But here we are; and, if we tarry a little, we may come to learn that here is best. See to it, only, that thyself is here;—and art and nature, hope and fate, friends, angels, and the Supreme Being, shall not absent from the chamber where thou sittest."


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En sport, un ballon est un objet de forme généralement sphérique mais pouvant parfois être ovale comme au rugby ou au football américain, fabriqué généralement en cuir, en plastique, ou en mousse.

Histoire
Les hommes jouent à des jeux de ballon ou balle depuis la plus Haute Antiquité. En Égypte, les ballons étaient faits avec des boyaux de chat concassés recouverts de feuilles de palmier tressées ou de peaux. En Asie, les ballons ancestraux étaient réalisés avec de la gomme arabique, que ne connaissaient pas les Européens. De même, dans les jeux de ballon mésoaméricains, les balles, d'après le chercheur Philippe Villemus, étaient en latex, la matière élastique obtenu à partir de la sève de l'hévéa. En Europe, les ballons, utilisés pour jouer à la soule ou au mob football, étaient réalisés à partir d'estomac de porc recouverts de cuir.

Caractéristiques
 Au football (soccer), un ballon pèse de  (gonflé) et mesure de  de circonférence (soit un diamètre de ).
 Au rugby à XIII, un ballon mesure  de long et  de circonférence en son point le plus large et pèse de  (gonflé).
 Au rugby à XV, un ballon mesure  de long et  de circonférence, et pèse de  (gonflé).
 Au football américain ou canadien, un ballon mesure  de long et  de circonférence, et pèse de  (gonflé).
 Au volley-ball, un ballon mesure  de diamètre et pèse  (gonflé).
 Au handball, un ballon possède les dimensions suivantes (circonférence et masse) pour les différentes catégories d'équipe :
  et  (IHF 3) : équipes masculines et juniors masculines (+ de ) ;
  et  (IHF 2) : équipes féminines, juniors féminines (+ de 14 ans) et juniors masculins () ;
  et  (IHF 1) : équipes juniors féminines (8-14 ans) et juniors masculines (8-12 ans).
 En gymnastique rythmique, un ballon a un diamètre compris entre  et pèse .
 En pilates, un ballon mesure entre  de diamètre, et  de circonférence.
 Au basket-ball, un ballon a un diamètre compris entre  et une masse comprise entre .
 Au water-polo, un ballon mesure de  de circonférence et pèse de .
 Au poull-ball, un ballon mesure de  de diamètre.

Galerie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Autres objets sphériques utilisés dans le sport
 , ,

Liens externes

Vocabulaire sportif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Convert (migrate) a Joomla 1.5 website to Joomla 3.0. Both websites use Rocket Theme templates, the J1.5 site has an old template and the J3.x site will use a recent Rocket Theme template. Must update all extensions to latest versions. Must maintain all SEO including search engine friendly URLs and meta tags. Must bring over all blog articles and tags.


The stars and celestial bodies are literally aligning for you this winter.
Feeling down because you missed the total solar eclipse on August 21? It isn't every day you get to catch an eclipse, let alone a total one. Don't let it get you down, because if you are Niseko-bound this winter you are in for a show.
This January 31 and February 1, Hokkaido will be one of many places that experiences a total lunar eclipse.
An eerie red moon as the earth passes between it and the sun.
The eclipse is expected to begin at 7:51 pm on the evening of January 31 and finish at about 1:08 am on February 1. The total eclipse should occur between 9:51 pm and finish at 11:07 pm so make sure you don't go to bed too early.
The eclipse is expected to be visible from Japan, and Asia, North-Western North America, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. So if you are flying in from Europe or the majority of North America, you are in for a celestial treat.
Lunar eclipse map for the 31 January 2018 eclipse. Image from timeanddate.com.
When viewing any celestial phenomenon, you want to maximize your odds of having a clear view.
The most ideal viewing point would be a penthouse balcony. A lower floor balcony might still cut it, but if you could end up facing the wrong direction.
If you do have to venture out of your accommodation, the best vantage points would be up by the Welcome Centre or the Mountain Centre.
Of course, it is all a bit weather dependent—we've got our fingers crossed the skies are clear that night!


Photo: Courtesy of Lauren Conrad.
The holidays really are the most wonderful time of the year. From family traditions to festive (and cozy) fashion to some much needed vacation time, there's really nothing better than this season. And, because we're a little bit Pinterest obsessed around here, this also happens to be our favorite time of year for crafting.
If you're like us, you know how exciting it is to walk into a craft store and start to dream up endless DIY possibilities. Well, we had one of those moments a few weeks ago when we strolled into our local Jo-Ann Fabric and Craft Stores (our go-to for all of our crafting needs). We knew we wanted to put together a fun, holiday-inspired DIY for all of you, and we were inspired the minute we stepped foot inside. As expected, the list of items we wanted to DIY grew as we walked up and down the aisles, but we knew we had to narrow it down to share a cute holiday craft to share with all of you.
Lately, we've been spending a lot of time perfecting our gift-wrapping skills, and we were excited to see a super cute clothespin gift pin floating around the world of Pinterest. So, when we came across a pack of plain clothespins at Jo-Ann, we immediately knew what to do. We decided to make our own version of these cute clothespin gift tags, and give them a Team LC twist. Jo-Ann Fabric and Craft Stores had everything we needed, plus more. We ended up getting all of our supplies there, and also picked up some extra goodies to use throughout the holiday season…because it's always so hard to leave a craft store with just the things you need.
Step 1: First, lay out all of your supplies, and make sure your glue gun is heating up. Then, take a plate and pour out your glitter into different sections (we used white, silver and gold glitter for our clothespin gift tags). Cut pieces of your double-sided tape intro strips that will fit the width of the top of each clothespin. The tape will act as the glue for the glitter!
Step 2: Once you've attached a strip of double-sided tape to the top of your clothespin, dip that side into the glitter. We made a few clothespins with just gold, a few with just silver, and a few with a mix of silver and white. Make sure to push the clothespin around and press as hard as you need to get the glitter to stick to the entire piece of tape.
Step 3: The top of your clothespin should look like this (above) once you've finished dipping it in the glitter.
Step 4: Next, it's time for your hot glue gun (we used this one). Before you use it, choose which decorative items you want to attach to your clothespins because the glue can dry quickly. For our first clothespin gift tag, we used a cute little snowman. We had also seen some pretty DIY glitter ornaments on Pinterest, so we decided to make one of our own. We got these mini ornaments, opened them up and just poured some glitter inside. So easy!
Step 5: Apply a dollop of hot glue to the tip of the clothespin, on the glittery side. Then place your decorative item right on top of the drop of hot glue, and press down and hold for 10 seconds.
Step 6: Once the item is secured to the clothespin, it's time to finish off your gifts! We wrapped our gifts with butcher paper and used baker's twine as ribbon. We also got cute gift tags and wrote out names using a gold pen. Simply clip the decorated clothespin to the baker's twine, and place your gift tag in there, too.
…and voilà! It's such a fun and easy DIY, and the options are endless. You can use these instructions, but make your presents your own by getting creative with your wrapping paper, finding unique items to glue to the end of clothespins, and using different colors of glitter.
How will you customize your clothespin gift tags?
And, which of the clothespins above do you like best?
Personally, we loved how the ornament turned out!


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This article is more than 5 months old
'Inexplicable cruelty': US government sued over family separations at border
Eight immigrant families seek $6m each for children's lasting trauma of Trump administration's 'zero-tolerance' policy
Lauren Aratani and agencies
Mon 11 Feb 2019 20.28 EST First published on Mon 11 Feb 2019 17.00 EST
A mother migrating from Honduras holds her one-year-old child as she surrenders to US border patrol agents after illegally crossing the border, near McAllen, Texas, in June 2018. Photograph: David J Phillip/AP
Lawyers for eight immigrant families separated under Trump administration policy have filed claims against the US government, demanding $6m each in damages for what they describe as "inexplicable cruelty" and lasting trauma.
US family separation crisis – in pictures
In claims filed to the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Homeland Security, released on Monday, the parents accuse immigration officers of taking their children away without giving them information, sometimes without even a chance to say goodbye.
The claims allege the children remain traumatized, including a seven-year-old girl who will not sleep without her mother and a six-year-old boy who is reluctant to eat.
Stanton Jones, an attorney representing some of the plaintiffs, warned the Trump administration that other families caught up in the government's policy of "zero tolerance" for unlawful border crossings, which resulted in parents being forcibly divided from their children and held in detention separately, are getting ready to sue.
"Today is just the beginning," he told the Guardian on Monday evening.
One claimant told of the horror of being separated from her child.
"It was the worst moment of my life, when officers tore my crying daughter from my arms," said Leticia, one of the claimants, in a statement. Last names are being withheld. "During those months, I couldn't sleep or eat because for much of the time I had no information about where they had taken her."
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One claim alleges that a 13-year-old boy has "outbursts of inexplicable anger" and cannot speak to his mother about their separation and time in detention, according to a press release from Arnold & Porter, a DC-based law firm involved in the case. Another details how a 12-year-old boy named Antonio still has nightmares about his experience in detention and described it as "the worst thing that has ever happened" to him.
Jones said the claims depicted "inexplicable cruelty" and that the affected families deserve monetary damages.
"The government's actual conduct of tearing children – often small children – away from their parents in a way that was designed to deliberately inflict emotional trauma on those people for the purpose of achieving a policy objective is unlawful," he said.
"They are entitled to more than just the outrage that was prompted by what people saw in the news in 2018. They are entitled to compensation from the government for intentional infliction of emotional distress. The government's use of emotionally traumatizing children to try to achieve a policy objective very clearly meets all the legal elements of the offense intentional infliction of emotional distress," he added.
Thousands more migrant children separated under Trump than previously known
The lawsuit is the latest in a series of legal challenges to the Trump's zero-tolerance policy over unlawful immigration across the US-Mexico border.
"These children and their parents have experienced horrific, life-altering trauma that was intentionally inflicted on them by our government," Jones said in a statement. "The government must be held accountable for the impact of its policies."
Jones's firm, Arnold & Porter, is also behind a separate lawsuit seeking $60m in damages from the government on behalf of Yazmin Juárez, the mother of a baby who died shortly after being released from US Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention.
An HHS spokeswoman, Evelyn Stauffer, said the department could not comment on the claims, but that HHS "plays no role in the apprehension or initial detention" of children referred to its care.
The government has admitted to separating 2,600 children from their families, though a recent government review says that the Trump administration divided thousands of other families before the policy was publicly known.