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The Foreign Investment Regulation Review
The Foreign Investment Regulation Review: Russia
Alexander Viktorov and Olga Kovtunova
The Russian foreign investment regime in its current form was first introduced in 2008 with a view to protecting Russian national security. The only instrument the Russian government could, and did, previously use for this purpose was Russia's merger control rules.
The current foreign investment regime provides that certain transactions require prior clearance or post-transaction notification, or both. These include transactions as a result of which a foreign entity or individual, including an individual with dual citizenship, directly or indirectly, including through a Russian entity, acquires the shares or rights in, or the fixed assets of, a Russian company. The law sets out specific thresholds and other tests that, if met, trigger the relevant requirements.
The foreign investment regime is mandatory and, where prior clearance is required, suspensory.
The regime only applies to transactions that affect Russian companies and it focuses on those that qualify as 'strategic entities', namely those entities that are associated with one or more of a total of 47 categories of strategic activities. Some of these:
relate to specific sectors, such as operations with nuclear materials, defence, aviation, telecommunications and natural resources;
depend on the existence of a 'natural monopoly', such as rail transport, ports, and pipeline transportation of oil and gas; or
relate to specific activities or technologies (not sectors), such as activities related to encryption devices or biological infectants.
However, prior clearance may also be required where the transaction concerns a company that is not a strategic entity (for further detail on acquisitions of a Russian company by a sovereign foreign investor see Sections III.iii and V).
The regime includes several sub-regimes that vary significantly in terms of specific restrictions, notification thresholds and other matters. Which sub-regime applies depends on whether the foreign investor is controlled by a government or by an international organisation (a sovereign foreign investor) or is privately owned (a private foreign investor), whether the Russian company is strategic or non-strategic and, if it is strategic, whether or not its business relates to natural resources (a mining company) or the fishing industry (fishing company), and whether any exemptions apply. Generally, the regime is fairly complicated.
In March 2021, Federal Law No. 57-FZ 'On the Procedure for Making Foreign Investments in Business Entities of Strategic Importance for the Defence of the Country and the Security of the State' enacted on 29 April 2008 (the Strategic Law) was amended such that a sovereign foreign investor is permitted, subject to obtaining clearance, to acquire control of a Russian company where that Russian target qualifies as a strategic entity only as a result of ownership of certain strategic assets (namely, assets related to the use of agents of infection, or to the provision of water supply or water disposal services), provided that the use of those assets is not the core business of the company and their book value does not exceed 1 per cent of the book value of the company's total assets. In circumstances where such an acquisition is carried out by a private foreign investor, a simplified review procedure applies. The amendment is important because it introduced notable exceptions to the general regime: prior to the amendment, sovereign foreign investors had been prohibited from acquiring control of strategic entities on an absolute basis and no simplified review was provided for.
The March amendment further expanded the list of obligations that can be imposed on a foreign investor as a condition to clearance. However, given that the list of obligations is non-exhaustive (i.e., obligations other than those listed may also be imposed), the amendment added little in terms of certainty or transparency.
The Strategic Law was further amended in July 2021. The only change was the expansion of the stricter regime applicable to mining and fishing companies.
Foreign investment regime
i Policy
The key purpose of the Russian foreign investment regime is to protect Russian national security. The substantive test for clearance is whether the transaction creates a threat to Russian national security or defence.
ii Laws and regulations
The two key laws that establish the general Russian foreign investment regime are Federal Law No. 57-FZ 'On the Procedure for Making Foreign Investments in Business Entities of Strategic Importance for the Defence of the Country and the Security of the State' enacted on 29 April 2008 (the Strategic Law) and Federal Law No. 160-FZ 'On Foreign Investments in the Russian Federation' enacted on 9 July 1999 (the Foreign Investments Law). In addition, a large number of industry-specific rules governing foreign investments are scattered across a number of other laws.
Compliance with the foreign investment laws is enforced by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia (FAS), but the ultimate decision-maker with regard to transactions that require clearance under the Strategic Law is the Government Commission for Control over Foreign Investments in the Russian Federation (the Government Commission). The Government Commission is composed of 27 ministers and other top-ranking government officials, including the head of the FAS, and is chaired by the Prime Minister.
iii Scope
As a general rule, the following transactions require prior clearance under the Russian foreign investment regime.
Direct or indirect acquisition by a sovereign foreign investor
Direct or indirect acquisition by a sovereign foreign investor of:
more than 25 per cent of the voting rights in, or an ability to otherwise block decisions of, any Russian company, be it a strategic entity or not, other than a mining or fishing company; or
more than 5 per cent of the voting rights in a mining or fishing company.
Except as permitted by the amendment to the Strategic Law enacted in March 2021 discussed in Section II above, sovereign foreign investors are prohibited from:
acquiring control of a strategic entity. Control for this purpose includes acquiring more than 50 per cent (or 25 per cent for a mining or fishing company) of the voting rights (or a lesser stake giving de facto control), the right to appoint the CEO or more than 50 per cent (25 per cent for a mining or fishing company) of the board or other governing bodies, the right to determine decisions of the governing bodies, or to act as management company; or
acquiring or taking a lease of fixed assets of a strategic entity, which account, in terms of book value, for 25 per cent or more of the total assets of that strategic entity.
Collective acquisitions by two or more sovereign foreign investors of more than 50 per cent of the voting rights in a strategic entity (or of a lesser stake giving de facto control) are also prohibited.
Direct or indirect acquisition by a private foreign investor
Direct or indirect acquisition by a private foreign investor of:
more than 50 per cent of the voting rights (or a lesser stake giving de facto control) in a strategic entity other than a mining or fishing company;
25 per cent or more of the voting rights in a mining or fishing company (any subsequent increase in the level of voting rights up to 75 per cent requires separate clearance);
the right to appoint the CEO or more than 50 per cent (25 per cent or more for a mining or fishing company) of the board or other governing bodies of a strategic entity;
the right to determine the decisions of a strategic entity;
fixed assets of a strategic entity that account, in terms of book value, for 25 per cent or more of all the assets of that entity. A lease of fixed assets is subject to the same rules; or
the right to act as the management company of a strategic entity.
While private foreign investors enjoy a more liberal regime than sovereign foreign investors, that regime does not apply automatically: to benefit from such a regime, a private foreign investor must disclose to the FAS, prior to closing, its ultimate beneficial owners and controlling parties. Unless and until the private foreign investor does this to the FAS's satisfaction, it will be subject to the same prohibitions, restrictions and lower thresholds as those that apply to sovereign foreign investors.
Certain transactions require, either in addition to prior clearance or instead of it, post-completion notifications. These notifications must be submitted after closing of any transaction that has been cleared by the Government Commission or, alternatively, have involved the direct or indirect acquisition of 5 per cent or more of the voting rights in a strategic entity.
iv Voluntary screening
Where it is not clear that a transaction requires clearance, the Strategic Law provides that a foreign investor may submit an inquiry to the FAS. The inquiry must include, however, approximately the same amount of information and documents as a full filing, such that it is usually more efficient to submit a filing rather than an inquiry. This is because the FAS has 30 days in which to respond to an inquiry, at the end of which it may conclude that the transaction requires clearance and then the full filing will need to be submitted, in which case the review process will only start upon submission of that full filing and the 30 days that the FAS spent on considering the inquiry would be wasted. If, however, a filing is submitted, the review timetable starts immediately upon submission and, if in the course of the review of the filing the FAS concludes that the transaction is not notifiable, it will say so.
v Procedures
A filing for prior clearance requires a great deal of information and documents, including the share purchase agreement or other transaction documents (or both), corporate and registration documents of the foreign investor and the Russian target, information on the business activities and licences of the foreign investor and the Russian target, and information on the structure, owners and ultimate beneficiaries of their respective groups. In certain cases, a draft business plan in relation to the Russian target needs to be prepared and included with the filing.
Documents issued abroad must, as a general rule, carry an apostille (if the country where a document is issued is a party to the 1961 Hague Convention on Apostille) or be legalised by a Russian consulate in the relevant country (which is usually a more time-consuming process). All non-Russian documents need to be translated into Russian and the translator's signature must be certified by a Russian notary public.
The filing is submitted to the FAS in two copies. As a first step, the FAS checks:
whether the acquirer is a foreign investor;
whether the Russian target is a strategic entity; and
whether what is acquired meets the relevant tests for requiring clearance.
If the answer to any of those questions is 'no', the FAS returns one copy of the filing to the foreign investor, which at that point can, as far as the Russian foreign investment regime is concerned, proceed with closing.
If, however, all three questions are answered affirmatively, the FAS checks the filing for completeness (and requests further information if required), reviews the information and documents provided, and requests advisory opinions regarding the proposed transaction from the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Defence and, where appropriate, other government authorities. Once the FAS has conducted all preparatory steps and completed the review, it prepares a recommendation for the Government Commission as to whether the transaction should be approved or not. At that stage, the case is ready for consideration by the Government Commission. The Government Commission is convened and meets once a sufficient number of cases have been notified, unless there are special reasons that prevent it from meeting. For example, as far as we are aware, the Government Commission did not meet between mid-November 2019 and the end of December 2020 due to the covid-19 pandemic. The absence of a fixed, pre-determined schedule for meetings of the Government Commission impacts the predictability of the foreign investment process in terms of timing.
The Government Commission can clear the transaction – either unconditionally or on the condition that the foreign investor assumes certain obligations under an agreement entered into with the FAS – or block the transaction (which is rare). The decisions of the Government Commission are formalised in the relevant minutes, on the basis of which the FAS issues a formal decision to the foreign investor. The clearance decision defines the period of time within which the transaction can be validly closed. A foreign investor can request any duration, but it is at the discretion of the Government Commission whether or not to accommodate such a request. Requests of up to one year are usually accommodated; longer periods must be justified.
As a matter of law, the review period can last up to six months but, in practice, may last longer, especially in light of the absence of a fixed, pre-determined schedule for meetings of the Government Commission as mentioned above. On average, however, the review can be completed within four to five months.
Post-closing notifications are also submitted to the FAS and must be submitted within 45 days after closing. Assuming the notification is complete, the FAS typically sends a foreign investor a letter confirming acceptance of the notification 30 days after its submission.
Failure to submit a pre-closing filing or a post-completion notification when required risks invalidation of the transaction, imposition of a fine or other negative consequences (or all three).
vi Prohibition and mitigation
According to the latest available statistics published by the FAS in February 2020,2 only 23 transactions out of more than 280 transactions reviewed by the Government Commission since the Strategic Law was enacted in 2008 were blocked.
According to a report published by the FAS in May 2020,3 despite the new trade limitations and sanctions introduced against Russia, as well as the covid-19 pandemic, foreign investors remain interested in investing in Russia. In 2020, the Government Commission cleared 10 transactions valued at approximately US$2.5 billion with the proposed investment in Russian economy valued at approximately US$1.2 billion. The most significant transactions (in terms of volume of investment) were in the mining sector. In 2020, applications for prior consent of the Government Commission were made by foreign investors from various jurisdictions, including Cyprus, China, Luxembourg, Canada, Singapore, Norway and the United Kingdom.
The FAS treats the details of notified transactions as highly confidential. Accordingly, information on cases reviewed by the Government Commission, as well as relevant decisions, are, as a general rule, not in the public domain.
IV SECTOR-SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
i Prohibited sectors
As mentioned in Section I above, the Strategic Law contains a list of 47 types of strategic activities and if a Russian company carries out, or has a licence that permits it to carry out any such activity, foreign states, international organisations and non-Russian legal entities (which did not disclose information on their beneficial owners and controlling parties to the FAS or entities under their control) are generally prohibited from acquiring control over any such company, or purchasing or leasing its fixed assets if the book value of such assets amounts to 25 per cent or more of the total book value of all its assets.
In addition to the general prohibitions set out by the Strategic Law, there are certain additional sector-specific prohibitions on foreign investments in Russia established by industry-related legislation. Foreign investors are prohibited from acquiring control over Russian companies that:
operate in the mass media sector;4
own agricultural land plots;5
are active in diamond mining;6
own regional gas supply or gas distribution systems;7
conduct banking activities (if the relevant threshold for foreign capital in the Russian banking system is exceeded);8
carry out certain types of insurance activities, including where the funding comes from the state budget or where insurance relates to state or municipally-owned property, or procurement for state and municipal needs;9
are active in air transportation and related services;10
are engaged in private detective and security activities;11
are active in foreign trade in weapons and related products;12 and
operate in the territory of a closed administrative regions.13
There is no common definition of the term 'control' in the industry-specific laws establishing the above prohibitions. In most cases, foreign investors are prohibited from acquiring 50 per cent of the shares or more in the relevant Russian companies. In some sectors, the thresholds are lower, such as 49 per cent for companies active in the insurance and aviation sectors, and as little as 20 per cent for mass media companies or companies that own gas supply facilities. As regards the activities set out in the last three bullet points of the above list, foreign investors are prohibited from holding any stakes in companies that conduct such activities.
ii Restricted sectors
In addition to the general prohibitions discussed above, the Strategic Law provides for restrictions in respect of foreign investment in strategic entities. In particular, foreign investors are required to obtain prior consent of the Government Commission before entering into transactions in relation to the strategic entities (described in greater detail in Section III.iii above) or to submit a post-completion notification, or both. In certain cases, to avoid making a full filing for prior consent, a private foreign investor may disclose its beneficial owners and controlling parties to the FAS prior to closing.
Most of the industry sectors in relation to which acquisitions of control are prohibited (as discussed in Section IV.i above) may also be viewed as restricted sectors, as foreign investors are not permitted to hold stakes exceeding certain thresholds in companies operating in those sectors, such as 49 per cent for companies active in the insurance and aviation sectors or 20 per cent for mass media companies or companies that own gas supply facilities. In the insurance sector, the share of foreign capital in the aggregate capital of all Russian insurance companies may not exceed the threshold set by the Russian Central Bank on an annual basis; similar restrictions exist in the banking sector.
V TYPICAL TRANSACTIONAL STRUCTURES
Provided that the acquisition vehicle qualifies as a foreign investor, the Russian foreign investment regime applies. This includes where the acquisition vehicle is a Russian company, which is ultimately controlled by a non-Russian national, a Russian national with another citizenship, a foreign state or by a legal entity incorporated outside of Russia.
In asset deals, the Russian foreign investment regime catches only a direct purchase or lease of fixed assets of Russian strategic entities.
In share deals, both direct and indirect acquisitions of the shares or rights in Russian companies are caught. There are no special rules or exemptions for public takeover bids.
An acquisition, be it direct or indirect, of a minority stake in a Russian company may well be caught, depending on the exact size of the stake and, most importantly, on the rights, including contractual rights, that the foreign investor obtains in relation to the Russian company.
Where a foreign investor incorporates a new Russian company, either solely or together with other non-Russian or Russian investors, the regime applies only to the sovereign foreign investors. This is because, at the time of its incorporation, the Russian company, by definition, may not be a strategic entity because it would not yet, at that time, hold any licences or conduct any activities that could make it a strategic entity.
Where it comes to investing directly in a (yet to be established or already existing) Russian company, joint ventures with Russian partners are not uncommon. Such an arrangement would typically permit the foreign investor to benefit from the local knowledge, expertise and connections of the Russian partner.
Transactions that frequently trigger the filing requirement are acquisitions of a stake in a non-Russian target that has a direct or indirect Russian subsidiary. Where a majority stake in, and therefore sole control of, the non-Russian target is acquired, the rationale for the filing is clear (assuming the purchaser is a sovereign foreign investor or the Russian subsidiary is a strategic entity).
The purchase of a minority stake in a non-Russian target that has a Russian subsidiary may, however, also require a filing. This typically happens where the foreign investor enters into a shareholders' agreement that gives it certain minority protection rights. Some of these rights can cover all companies in the target's group, including its Russian subsidiary, and therefore give the foreign investor an ability to indirectly block, including though its nominees on the target's board, decisions of the governing bodies of the Russian subsidiary. Where the foreign investor is a sovereign foreign investor, the acquisition of the veto rights in the Russian subsidiary must be filed for prior consent, irrespective of whether the Russian subsidiary is a strategic entity or not. Where the foreign investor is a private foreign investor and the Russian subsidiary is a strategic entity, the investor, in order to avoid a full filing, must disclose its ultimate beneficiaries and controlling parties to the FAS. This rule has nothing to do with the acquisition of joint control: an ability to block any, even the most insignificant decision, of the Russian company is sufficient to trigger the filing or disclosure requirement.
Where the foreign investor acquires veto rights in the Russian company under contract, rather than by operation of law, the filing requirement will not be triggered if, to the extent commercially acceptable, the Russian subsidiary is carved out of the scope of the minority protection rights; for example, through replacing the blocking rights with consultation rights.
VI OTHER STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS
Although the foreign investment regime in Russia is a stand-alone regime, in most cases a transaction that requires a foreign investment filing is also likely to require a merger control filing. Under Russian merger control rules, if a transaction that triggers a merger filing also requires clearance under the Strategic Law or the Foreign Investment Law, or both, the competition authority will not issue a merger control clearance until the foreign investment clearance is in place.
By virtue of amendments to the Foreign Investment Law introduced in 2017, where a transaction does not fall within the requirements of the Strategic Law, the Chairman of the Government Commission can rule 'to ensure defence of the country and the security of the state' that any transaction by a foreign investor that affects a Russian company (including non-strategic companies) requires prior consent of the Government Commission, in which case a foreign investment filing will need to be made. According to the statistics available on the official website of the FAS,14 this rule is rarely applied: since 2017, only 16 transactions were considered by the Government Commission under this provision, only two of which were blocked.
VII OUTLOOK
Following the amendments introduced in March 2021, which are discussed in Section II above, the FAS has proposed further changes to the Strategic Law aimed at expanding the list of transactions that are subject to prior consent of the Government Commission.15
In particular, amendments are being considered that would extend the filing requirements to the following:
concession agreements in relation to the assets of strategic entities;
transactions that affect strategic entities in corporate forms such as partnerships, production cooperatives and non-profit organisations (currently, the regime only applies to limited liability companies and joint-stock companies);
the obtention of any licences by Russian companies controlled by foreign investors that would authorise them to carry out strategic activities; and
the obtention by a Russian national who ultimately controls a strategic entity of foreign citizenship.
Furthermore, according to a high-ranking FAS official, the FAS may consider extending the March 2021 amendment to the Strategic Law that allows sovereign foreign investors to acquire control of certain strategic entities engaged in activities related to the use of agents of infection or provision of water supply and water disposal services, and that provided for the simplified clearance process in relation to transactions affecting such strategic entities for private foreign investors to other types of strategic activities, depending on how those new rules are implemented and whether they prove efficient.16
The general trend in Russia is to further refine the Russian foreign investment regime to liberalise it and reduce the administrative burden on foreign investors, as well as remove any gaps identified by the law enforcement practice to ensure that the security and defence of the state are safely protected.
Sector-specific requirements
Typical transactional structures
Other strategic considerations
1 Alexander Viktorov is counsel and Olga Kovtunova is an associate at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP.
2 See Press Release, FAS: 'Andrey Tsyganov: Statistics shows that we have a friendly attitude towards foreign investors' (http://en.fas.gov.ru/press-center/news/detail.html?id=54753).
3 See FAS Report on the State of Competition in the Russian Federation in 2020 (https://fas.gov.ru/documents/687779) (in Russian).
4 Law of the Russian Federation No. 2124-1 dated 27 December 1991 'On Mass Media'.
5 Federal Law No. 101-FZ dated 24 July 2002 'On Turnover of Agricultural Lands'.
6 Federal Law No. 41-FZ dated 26 March 1998 'On Precious Metals and Precious Stones'.
7 Federal Law No. 69-FZ dated 31 March 1999 'On Gas Supply in the Russian Federation'.
8 Federal Law No. 395-1 dated 2 December 1990 'On Banks and Banking Activities'.
9 Law of the Russian Federation No. 4015-1 'On Organisation of Insurance Business in the Russian Federation'.
10 Aviation Code of the Russian Federation No. 60-FZ dated 19 March 1997.
11 Law of the Russian Federation No. 2487-1 dated 11 March 1998 'On Private Detective and Security Activities in the Russian Federation'.
12 Federal Law No. 114-FZ dated 19 July 1998 'On Military and Technical Cooperation between the Russian Federation and Foreign States'.
13 Law of the Russian Federation No. 3297-1 dated 14 July 1992 'On Closed Administrative-Territorial Regions'.
14 See Press release, FAS: 'Andrey Tsyganov on the consideration of transactions at the government commissions and the expansion of strategic activities' (http://en.fas.gov.ru/press-center/news/detail.html?id=55148).
15 See Article 'FAS suggested extending the list of requirements in relation to transactions which are subject to obtaining consent of the government commission' (https://tass.ru/ekonomika/11177321) (in Russian).
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Remember the week when three cops were arrested for getting drunk and shooting at people? Well, at least one of them is no longer on the force. Detective Jay Poggi — the guy who shot his partner in the hand after hours of on-duty boozing in Howard Beach — was fired by Police Chief Bill Bratton on Friday. Having apparently sensed that it was time to move on, Poggi, a 31-year veteran, applied for retirement earlier this month, leaving the NYPD with only 30 days to file charges against him so that his case could be brought to departmental trial. But because Poggi said that he wouldn't testify, Bratton went ahead and canned him.
The circumstances of the incident that led to Poggi's departure are still unclear. While he said that his revolver went off when he tried to show it to the other detective, Matthew Sullivan, while the two sat in a patrol car, no bullet holes were found in the vehicle. According to the New York Daily News, "investigators have not ruled out the possibility the detectives were firing the gun into the air." (Hey, things can get a little wild when you're 11 drinks in.) Despite being fired, Poggi will get to keep his pension. So, that's one down, and maybe two more to go.


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Your Search: (SUBJECT=Antennas)
1 An evaluation of selected satellite communication systems as sources of environmental microwave radiation / 1974
2 An Investigation of radiofrequency radiation exposure levels on Cougar Mountain, Issaquah, Washington, May 6-10, 1985 / 1985
3 Analysis of Broadcast Radiation Levels in Hawaii. 1975
4 Automatic Fish Tracking System for the U.S. E.P.A.'s (Environmental Protection Agency's) Monticello Ecological Research Station. 1981
5 Bridger Telemetry Communications System. 1967
6 Communications and Telemetry - a Compilation. 1971
7 Development of a system to measure the response time of microwave survey instruments to rotating radar antenna patterns 1985
8 Development of a system to measure the response time of microwave survey instruments to rotating radar antenna patterns / 1985
9 Element Pattern Measurements on FM Antennas. 1985
10 Exposure of Man in the Near-Field of a Resonant Dipole: Comparison between Theory and Measurements. 1986
11 Investigation of Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation Levels in Vernon Township, New Jersey, November 10-15, 1985. 1986
12 Investigation of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure Levels on Cougar Mountain, Issaquah, Washington, May 6-10, 1985. 1985
13 Measurement of RF Field Intensities in the Immediate Vicinity of an FM Broadcast Station Antenna. 1976
14 Measurements of electric and magnetic fields in the Waianae, Hawaii Area / 1992
15 Measurements of radiofrequency field intensity in buildings with close proximity to broadcast stations / 1978
16 Microwave Measurements and New Types of Detectors for Evaluation of Health Hazards. 1971
17 Near-field radiation properties of simple linear antennas with applications to radiofrequency hazards and broadcasting / 1978
18 Numerical Modeling Study of Gain and Downward Radiation for Selected FM and VHF-TV Broadcast Antenna Systems. 1985
19 Partial Inventory of Microwave Towers, Broadcasting Transmitters, and Fixed Radar by States and Regions. 1970
20 Project Helios - Testing of Rotating Mechanisms under Space Environmental Conditions. 1971
21 Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and induced currents in the Spokane, Washington area, June 29 - July 3, 1987 / 1988
22 The radiofrequency radiation environment : environmental exposure levels and RF radiation emitting sources / 1986
24 Thermal Response of a Human in the Near-Zone of a Resonant Thin-Wire Antenna. 1982
25 Torsional Measurements of Satellite Booms. 1971
26 Utilization of Simple Omnidirectional VHF Antennas on Board of Ships for Satellite Reception by Eliminating the Multipath Effects Through a Diversity System. 1971

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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GOING FORWARD: PEDULLA AND DEVRIES ADAPT TO CHANGING ART MARKET
Monday, July 27th, 2020 // Artscope Online, News, Visual Arts
Left: Andrew DeVries, "Destiny Bust", bronze, 16" x 19" x 6", 2013. Left: Paul Pedulla, "Red Sand Chair", acrylic on canvas, 12"x12".
For artists, the start of the COVID-19 pandemic presented twin problems: how to show work, and how to sell it. The former was, to a degree, out of their hands. Galleries have been sorting out the conundrum through online exhibitions — juried and not — along with expanding their presence on social media and their own websites. As restrictions have eased, galleries have worked out safety restrictions and socially distanced exhibits.
But the selling problem still remains, and the problem is persisting, even as the world opens up more and more.
Paul Pedulla is a painter based in Massachusetts. His primary medium is acrylic on canvas, and his work has been sold internationally. Pedulla's paintings often depict coastal settings in a minimalist style; ever-present in the majority of his works is a transfixing blue, assigned to sea and sky, with a depth so imposing that one feels able to smell the salt.
"Frankly, I was expecting the worst," Pedulla said about the pandemic's start, "My January, February and first week of March sales were fantastic, and I figured it would all come to a screeching halt. The brick-and-mortar art world was closing to the public, including my studio at 450 Harrison Ave, Boston, and all of the galleries that represent me nationwide."
Andrew DeVries, who works and lives in the Berkshires, was worried: "Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival (the first to announce there would be no live performances), the theaters, the art museums — Clark Art Institute, Norman Rockwell, MASS MOCA and finally Tanglewood — one could see that it was not going to look to be a particularly bright picture for those of us who depend on those cultural institutions to bring the art loving and purchasing clientele to our area."
DeVries is a master of bronze sculpture and painting. His sculptures have an exquisite fluidity that captures the graceful movements of the human body with a preternatural mimesis. Each pose seems cut—real time—from a ballet performance, with every minute gesture of a finger appearing to be as integral to the stability of the work as the base.
Though fazed by the rapidly changing situation, DeVries began working out a plan straight away, "I made a decision early on that financially it did not make sense to keep paying rent, so we gave up our gallery space in Lenox for this time."
As the stay-at-home order swept into effect, and the pandemic became ever more real, many artists were confronted with a change not just of schedule, but of how to approach their creative process in the new landscape. Pedulla — who still had access to his studio—channeled everything into his painting, "I found myself painting simple images of beaches, bright skies and pleasing architecture. Freedom in a scary time could only be found in my work. I painted joy and I painted a lot."
Meanwhile, DeVries was moving paintings and statues from his studio space. But he did have an ingenious idea early on: "I made a sculpture trail for people to come and walk. That was one of the opportunities."
As DeVries and Pedulla began to settle into the new normal, the task of selling work in unprecedented times came to the fore. The move online is a reality that many outside the art world can relate to. And many artists found themselves on better footing when dealing with the transition than most galleries. The use of personal websites, and of course, social media, has been for a decade or so now an indispensable tool to promote just about every artistic medium. It allows artist to be seen; to bridge their work not just within their community, but beyond.
Pedulla hit a dry spot in selling at the pandemic's start. "After the first week of March, I had no sales at all for the rest of that month… No sales at all in May. Then, in June, two great things happened. First, my studio at 450 Harrison Ave, Boston, reopened to the public and I sold "Road, Sand and Sky" my very first day back. And second, Saugatuck Art Traders, the gallery that represents me in Saugatuck, Michigan, also reopened."
The opening of galleries, even with restrictions has brought a resurgence in art buying. "Since mid-June, my sales at both my own studio and at Saugatuck Art Traders have been awesome," said Pedulla, "I'm thrilled and a little surprised."
The bounce back is astonishing. As other sectors of the art community are still reeling (no one quite knows when live performance and theater will return), the visual arts have been rebounding. This can be chalked up to a verity of factors: that artists have confronted the pandemic aggressively and creatively; that galleries were able to — whether expansively or not — move to virtual showings and exhibits early on; that buyers have been trapped in their homes for months on end, looking at that empty space on the wall and wanting to fill it. The operation has been rather remarkable given the fragility of the art market and the restrictions put in place.
However, for those who work with larger, more labor-intensive forms, there has been a snag.
"Bronze sculpture is a long process, so I have only been able to now really start up again," DeVries said, "I was able to take sketches that I have done from the dance studios and create pastel paintings earlier in March and April."
Though DeVries has had a web presence showing his work for 15-years, he is still more interested in having his work seen in person, though all stages of its creation. And given his location, he believes that this can continue, with some restrictions: "Out here (the studio is located in a very rural section of western Massachusetts) we have traditionally always welcomed individuals and couples who want to see where the work is created. There is plenty of space to maintain social distancing. That would be the way to overcome people's discomfort."
While he doesn't outright toss-off online sales ("I don't think one can be can be choosy about making any sale — we have always had some web sales even before the online sales system was set up."), DeVries does think that art — especially sculptures like his — should be seen in person and curated, telling me, "The knowledge and experience that an artist or gallerist can bring to a prospective client is something that is difficult to relay online, especially in a mobile format."
Pedulla, for his part, is an Instagram wiz. His account is streamlined, curated and has an aesthetic that reflects his work perfectly — it feels like stepping into one of his paintings. "I'd be lost without social media, particularly Instagram and Facebook. I have a loyal following on both and have sold to buyers directly. And considering every gallery that represents me also has a strong social media presence, I'm well covered and grateful for it."
His position on online selling is enthusiastic, but like DeVries, he thinks that building a relationship with perspective buyers is key. "I love to sell work online. That being said, my website is not created as a retail site, nor is my Instagram or Facebook presence set up for the direct sale. One must contact me first via social media or email… Once the contact is made, the buyer can ask questions, have a chat with me, submit payment via Venmo, PayPal, any credit card, sometimes even an old-fashioned check."
Going forward is a day-at-a-time job for artists like Pedulla and DeVries. The latter has now begun to return to working on sculptures; a recent commission — postponed due to the pandemic — was from the Pittsburgh Ballet. (There doesn't seem to be an artist more fitted for the task than DeVries.)
In tricky times, people become resourceful. As we begin to navigate new ways of seeing, in relation to works of art, we also have to iron-out new ways of dispersing art, whether financially or for pleasure. At the core is a want to have a relationship: between artist and spectator; audience and creative team. For artists now, it would seem that these connections and conversations are important now more than ever. Getting beyond the often sterile, impersonal aspect of online communication is the first step. As DeVries said, "I do believe if a person is interested enough to inquire about a work of art that they should be excited enough to first explore our website and then take the time to come out here to the studio. It is always the best way to build a relationship between artist and art collector."
(More information about the two artists can be found on their websites: paulpedulla.com and andrewdevries.com.)


These examples show various ways to write text to a file. The first two examples use static convenience methods on the System.IO.File class to write each element of any IEnumerable<string> and a string to a text file. Example 3 shows how to add text to a file when you have to process each line individually as you write to the file. Examples 1-3 overwrite all existing content in the file, but example 4 shows you how to append text to an existing file.
These examples all write string literals to files. If you want to format text written to a file, use the Format method or C# string interpolation feature.
// These examples assume a "C:\Users\Public\TestFolder" folder on your machine.
// You can modify the path if necessary.
// Example #1: Write an array of strings to a file.
// Create a string array that consists of three lines.
// and then closes the file.  You do NOT need to call Flush() or Close().
// Example #2: Write one string to a text file.
// and then closes the file.    You do NOT need to call Flush() or Close().
// Example #3: Write only some strings in an array to a file.
// IDisposable.Dispose on the stream object.
// encodes the output as text.
// If the line doesn't contain the word 'Second', write the line to the file.
// Example #4: Append new text to an existing file.
//   A class is the most powerful data type in C#. Like a structure, a class defines the data and behavior of the data type.
The file exists and is read-only.
The path name may be too long.
The disk may be full.


text:
package lib;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * A class used to perform mathematical methods.
 * @see MainLib
 */
public class MathLib{

	private static final Random rand = new Random();

	/**
	 * Generates random number with bounds.
	 * @param minBound Type: int, Usage: Sets the minimal number that can be generated.
	 * @param maxBound Type: int, Usage: Sets the maximal number that can be generated.
	 * @return random number within range.
	 */
	public static int randomInt(int minBound, int maxBound)
	{
		return (rand.nextInt((maxBound - minBound) + 1) + minBound);
	}

	public static boolean randomBoolean()
	{
		return rand.nextBoolean();
	}

	/**
	 * @param chance Percentage of success (0 - 100)
	 * @return true if you're lucky
	 */
	public static boolean randomBoolean(int chance)
	{
		return randomInt(0, 100) < chance;
	}

	/**
	 * Function that sorts your integers in ascending order. To sort in descending,
	 * sort in ascenging, and reverse your array.
	 * Implements the standard bubble sort algorithm, working on the original array directly passed.
	 * @param array The array to be sorted.
	 */
	public static void orderAscending(int[] array)
	{
		boolean needs_patch = true;
		int preindex, buffer;
		while(needs_patch)
		{
			needs_patch = false;
			//Start at 1, so we don't get OutOfBounds -1 when accessing previous element
			for(int index = 1; index < array.length; index++)
			{
				preindex = index - 1;
				if(array[preindex] > array[index])
				{
					//(cache = c) {45, 24} ===> 24 -> c, i[1] = i[0], i[0] = c
					buffer = array[index]; //Stores temporary the lesser value in cache.
					array[index] = array[preindex]; //Sets bigger index to contain bigger value
					array[preindex] = buffer; //Loads the lesser value into the lesser index
					needs_patch = true;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Function used to get all numbers within exclusive interval.
	 * @param lowerInt Type: int, Usage: Minimum bound.
	 * @param upperInt Type: int, Usage: Maximum bound.
	 * @return all numbers within this range.
	 */
	public static int[] fillInterval(int lower, int upper)
	{
		int[] integers = new int[upper - lower];
		for(int i = 0; i < integers.length; i++) integers[i] = lower + i;
		return integers;
	}

	/**
	 * Remaps number x with in bounds to out bounds.
	 * @param x
	 * @param in_min
	 * @param in_max
	 * @param out_min
	 * @param out_max
	 * @return
	 */
	public static int map(int x, int in_min, int in_max, int out_min, int out_max)
	{
		return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
	}

	/**
	 * Remaps number x with in bounds to out bounds.
	 * @param x
	 * @param in_min
	 * @param in_max
	 * @param out_min
	 * @param out_max
	 * @return
	 */
	public static float map(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float out_max)
	{
		return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The camp is FREE and open to the first 24 students who register. Students can be entering 9th grade or just graduated 12th grade. They can be from public or private schools inside or surrounding Ouachita Parish including Monroe City and nearby school districts.


text:
Our Country Lives – the new MERL blog
Sharing insights into the activities of MERL staff, volunteers and visitors during a period of change and transformation…
About Our Country Lives
Events programme
Tag Archives: carriage
Shaping the Land – why is the first of our new galleries all about trees?
Posted on November 23, 2016 by merl
Written by Guy Baxter, Archivist
The introductory text
The first space that visitors to the new MERL galleries enter is deceptively simple. It contains one object (a timber carriage), one large picture (an oak tree) and one literary quotation. Thanks to the projected animation and immersive soundscape, visitors can also see and hear the seasons change in the woods.
The gallery was conceived to give visitors the idea of being out in the countryside – after all, the Museum is in the middle of a large town. This is where we hint at the idea of there having been a "natural" environment, before people came along and started "shaping the land". The theme of woodland reminds us that a greater proportion of England would have been wooded in pre-historic times, and so our ancestors would have faced the massive task of clearing trees in order to grow crops and graze animals.
But the gallery also carries a number of smaller and more subtle messages. Let's start with the oak tree. Not only is this a powerful symbol of England – it appears on the "English" version of the pound coin after all – but the image chosen is the first photograph ever taken of an oak, by William Henry Fox
The Fox Talbot tree and the timber carriage
Talbot. Of course, his connection to Reading is well known given that he produced The Pencil of Nature, the world's first photographic book, in the town. His oak tree is shown in the winter, standing strong against the ravages of time. Longevity is another trait of oak trees that suits the context of the gallery: the "timeframe" here is one of centuries not years.
The second idea that we introduce is seasonality. This is done through our animation which effectively shows all four seasons in one day – not such a rare occurrence in England! The animation, made by the Netherlands-based firm ShoSho, shows a woodland and also some land beyond that has been cleared – but with a lone oak in the background as well. In this gallery we introduce the changing seasons in nature partly as a prelude to the next section, A Year on the Farm, which examines how the seasons relate to the food that we grow and eat.
The animals that occasionally appear in the animation include a gall wasp. This was partly inspired by Dr George McGavin's amazing documentary on oak trees in which he notes not only the symbiosis between the gall wasp and the tree but also the subsequent use of oak gall in the production of ink. So much of what is in our library and archive – indeed so much of our recorded history and knowledge – owes a debt to that relationship between insect and tree.
In front of the animation stands the timber carriage – a large and constant reminder of man's interaction with the land. The carriage itself, also known as a 'timber jill', was used for hauling timber by
Photograph of a timber carriage in use
the Hunt Brothers of Waterside Works, a firm of millwrights in Soham, Cambridgeshire. The donor, Mr Tom Hunt, requested that they be recorded as 'in memory of Thomas B. Hunt, Millwright, of Waterside Works, Soham, Cambs.' This was his father, who died in 1954 at the age of 95 and was working almost up to the last. It was given to the MERL in 1955 – the year that we opened to the public for the first time – so it's appropriate that it should be "object number 1 in gallery number 1" as we re-open.
We have also displayed a photograph, from the Miss Wight Collection, to show a similar carriage in use. The photograph was taken around 1935 in Aconbury Woods, Herefordshire.
The quotation, chosen by Dr Paddy Bullard in the Department of English and American Literature, is from the Victorian poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. It comes from his poem Pied Beauty. We also considered another of Hopkins's poems, Binsey Poplars in which he mourns the felling of trees in 1879;
The quotation and the images of leaves
and we looked at using a section from A Shropshire Lad by A. E. Houseman (verse 31) which describes the same wind blowing through the trees that blew on the Romans many centuries before.
Finally, we added some images of leaves – manipulated by our photographer Laura Bennetto to reflect the style of Fox Talbot's early leaf photographs. The actual images were provided by the Dr Alastair Culham at the University Herbarium and show the following native English varieties: oak, elm, ash, beech, willow, hawthorn, hazel, elder and apple. The leaf motif has also been used to decorate the new areas of glass in the Museum's introductory area.
This has been a really fascinating gallery to work on and – because of its seeming simplicity – also quite a challenge. We took inspiration from many places and, made some fascinating discoveries along the way – not least David Hockney's brilliant Yorkshire Wolds film. It has also been a really collaborative effort and one that has, we hope brought out the best of our creative, technical and curatorial skills.
Posted in Archives, Collections, Discovering the landscape | Tagged archives, carriage, collections, exhibitions, gallery, horse, leaf, leaves, MERL, Museum of English Rural Life, oak tree, photograph, trees, University of Reading | Leave a comment |
New book acquisition: Tusser's 'Five hundreth pointes of good husbandrie' (1585) September 15, 2018
Research bursaries available: Land Settlement Association and Landscape Institute September 13, 2017
No longer such a new town: Milton Keynes at 50 August 16, 2017
MERL & MAE, the direction of Our Country Lives - The MERL on MERL's new blogging venture
Volunteers' Voice #1 - Introducing Rob and the MERL volunteers! - The MERL on Press Release: University recognised for giving volunteers a great experience
Focus on collections #2: Collecting your #muscake (and eating it!) - The MERL on Focus on Collections: These wheels were made for rolling…
Our Country Lives update: MERL goes to Stockholm - The MERL on Is the future of MERL ethnographic?
My Favourite Object #3: Horse overshoes, or lawn slippers - The MERL on 5 mins with…Claire Smith
Discovering the landscape
Focus on Collections
How many curators…?
Intangible & Tangible Countryside series
MERL project news
My favourite object
Our Country Lives project
Rural Reads reviews
Science Spot
Volunteers' Voice
Weekly What's On
Wellcome news!
Beckett, Books & Biscuits: University of Reading Special Collections
Museum blogs we like
The Happy Museum
UCL Museums & Collections blog
Darkened not Dormant: Oxford University Museum of Natural History blog
Oxford Aspire blog
Learning at The Manchester Museum
More blogs we like
Follow the brown signs
Porridge Lady Anna Louise Batchelor is a Food Writer, Blogger for the Soil Association, Sustainable Food Advisor, Radio reporter & presenter, Cook and Freestyle Porridge Maker!
Museum of English Rural Life
University of Reading Special Collections
Ure Museum of Greek Archaeology
Cole Museum of Zoology
Visit the MERL Facebook page


Nii provides passionate representation to clients facing a variety of circumstances. He believes that too many people plead guilty to crimes they did not commit simply because they see no other way out of the situation. Thus, Nii continually strives to inspire his clients with hope and provide them with better resolutions.


text:
Kate Winslet NSG feat. Unknown T Download 'Kate Winslet' on iTunes
DONATE NOW: Support communities most affected by coronavirus
19 June 2020, 09:13 | Updated: 22 June 2020, 10:30
Ways To Donate to Global's Make Some Noise. Picture: Make Some Noise
Capital XTRA and its sister stations across Global have launched an Emergency Appeal from Global's Make Some Noise, raising money for those hit hardest by coronavirus in our communities.
Coronavirus has impacted so many lives in so many different ways, but the most vulnerable are struggling to cope.
Local charities are a lifeline for those experiencing grief, poverty, domestic abuse, loneliness, illness and mental health problems.
These organisations are needed more than ever, both on the frontline now and in months to come, as demand for their services increases.
Capital XTRA's charity Make Some Noise works across the country identifying community need and funding small charities that are making a real difference to people's lives.
Your donation makes a difference. Please give if you can.
HOW YOUR MONEY HELPS
£5 could provide an activities pack for a vulnerable child in refuge accommodation.
£10 could mean a victim of domestic abuse can access advice and support online.
£10 could provide Personal Protection Equipment to help protect a rough sleeper.
£15 could mean support for an older person who is feeling more alone than ever.
£20 could provide an hour of vital phone support to a young carer who's feeling the pressure.
£20 could provide hot meals for two weeks to a family struggling to put food on the table
£25 could provide urgent nursing care at home for a child with a life-limiting condition.
£30 could provide 30 minutes of trauma therapy for a young person who has lost someone they love.
£50 could fund a mental health crisis counselling call that could potentially save a person's life. £50 could provide vital hygiene products for a family who would otherwise go without.
£50 could mean a homeless person is taken to a safe space to stay for the night.
£100 could provide the essentials, including bedding, to help a person living on the street move into emergency accommodation
DONATE BY TEXT
To donate £5 text Xtra5 (without a space) to 70766
To donate £10 text Xtra10 (without a space) to 70766
100% of your donation will go to Global's Make Some Noise.16 and over only. Standard network charges may applyTs&Cs are at makesomenoise.com.
If you would like to make a donation over the phone, please call 0345 373 33 33.Calls will be charged at your local network rate. Lines are open 24 hours a day until 31st July.
FUNDRAISE FOR GLOBAL'S MAKE SOME NOISE
Whether you've been running, cycling or walking, baking, quizzing or creating, you could turn it into a fundraiser for Make Some Noise. Pay in your fundraising money here. And don't forget to tune in to Capital XTRA TODAY as we raise money for those hit hardest by coronavirus in our communities. Find out more here.
If you have any questions or need help donating, drop us a line at contact@makesomenoise.com. Global's Make Some Noise is an appeal operated by Global Charities, a registered charity in England & Wales (1091657) & Scotland (SC041475).
Megan Thee Stallion facts: 16 things to know about the 'Savage' rapper


text:
using System;
using System.IO;
using IdSharp.Tagging.ID3v2.Extensions;
using IdSharp.Common.Utils;

namespace IdSharp.Tagging.ID3v2.Frames
{
    internal sealed class TextFrame : Frame, ITextFrame
    {
        private EncodingType _textEncoding;
        private readonly string _id3v24FrameID;
        private readonly string _id3v23FrameID;
        private readonly string _id3v22FrameID;
        private string _value;

        public TextFrame(string id3v24FrameID, string id3v23FrameID, string id3v22FrameID)
        {
            _id3v24FrameID = id3v24FrameID;
            _id3v23FrameID = id3v23FrameID;
            _id3v22FrameID = id3v22FrameID;
        }

        public EncodingType TextEncoding
        {
            get { return _textEncoding; }
            set
            {
                _textEncoding = value;
                RaisePropertyChanged("TextEncoding");
            }
        }

        public string Value
        {
            get { return _value; }
            set
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
                    _value = value;
                else
                    _value = value.Trim();

                RaisePropertyChanged("Value");
            }
        }

        public override string GetFrameID(ID3v2TagVersion tagVersion)
        {
            switch (tagVersion)
            {
                case ID3v2TagVersion.ID3v24:
                    return _id3v24FrameID;
                case ID3v2TagVersion.ID3v23:
                    return _id3v23FrameID;
                case ID3v2TagVersion.ID3v22:
                    return _id3v22FrameID;
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentException("Unknown tag version");
            }
        }

        public override void Read(TagReadingInfo tagReadingInfo, Stream stream)
        {
            _frameHeader.Read(tagReadingInfo, ref stream);

            // Some taggers write 0 byte sized frames (which is explicitly forbidden by the spec)
            if (_frameHeader.FrameSizeExcludingAdditions >= 1)
            {
                TextEncoding = (EncodingType)stream.Read1();
                Value = ID3v2Utils.ReadString(_textEncoding, stream, _frameHeader.FrameSizeExcludingAdditions - 1);
            }
            else
            {
                //String msg = String.Format("Under-sized ({0} bytes) text frame at position {1}", m_FrameHeader.FrameSizeExcludingAdditions, stream.Position);
                //Trace.WriteLine(msg);

                TextEncoding = EncodingType.ISO88591;
                Value = "";
            }
        }

        public override byte[] GetBytes(ID3v2TagVersion tagVersion)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(Value))
                return new byte[0];

            byte[] valueData;
            do
            {
                valueData = ID3v2Utils.GetStringBytes(tagVersion, TextEncoding, Value, false);
            } while (this.RequiresFix(tagVersion, Value, valueData));

            using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                stream.WriteByte((byte)_textEncoding);
                stream.Write(valueData);
                return _frameHeader.GetBytes(stream, tagVersion, GetFrameID(tagVersion));
            }
        }
    }
}


text:
• GER: Bayern Munich vs. Freiburg, 1:30 p.m., GolTV
• ITA: Genoa vs. Inter Milan, 1:30 p.m., Fox Soccer Plus
• NCAA Men: Evansville vs. Eastern Illinois, 7 p.m., Fox Soccer Channel
• NCAA Women: UCLA vs. Washington, 10 p.m., FSC
• GER: Wolfsburg vs. Stuttgart, 8:30 a.m., GolTV
• ENG: Blackburn vs. Chelsea, 9 a.m., ESPN2
• ENG: Arsenal vs. West Ham, 9 a.m., FSC
• ENG: Wolverhampton vs. Manchester City, 9 a.m., FSP
• ITA: Roma vs. Lecce, 11 a.m., FSP
• SPA: Valencia vs. Zaragoza, 11 a.m., ESPN Deportes
• ENG: Manchester United vs. Tottenham Hotspur, 11:30 a.m., FSC
• SPA: Hercules vs. Real Madrid, 1 p.m., GolTV
• ITA: AC Milan vs. Juventus, 1:30 p.m., FSC
• SPA: Barcelona vs. Sevilla, 3 p.m., ESPN Deportes
• MLS: FC Dallas vs. Real Salt Lake, 4 p.m., FSC
• MEX: Queretaro vs. Pumas, 5 p.m., Telefutura
• NED: PSV vs. Twente, 5 p.m., ESPN Deportes
• BRA: Internacional vs. Santos, 5 p.m., GolTV Premiere
• ENG: Everton vs. Stoke City, 6:30 p.m., FSC (Tape Delay)
• MEX: Santos Laguna vs. Chivas, 7 p.m., Telefutura
• MEX: Tigres vs. Jaguares, 7 p.m., Telemundo
• ENG: Fulham vs. Wigan Athletic, 7 p.m., FSP (Tape Delay)
• MLS: San Jose Earthquakes vs. New York Red Bulls, 9 p.m., Telefutura
• MEX: Atlas vs. Pachuca, 9 p.m., Telemundo
• ITA: Palermo vs. Lazio, 6:30 a.m., FSP
• ENG: Newcastle vs. Sunderland, 8:30 a.m., FSP
• ITA: Brescia vs. Napoli, 9 a.m., FSC
• ENG: Aston Villa vs. Birmingham, 10:30 a.m., FSP
• SPA: Gijon vs. Villarreal, 11 a.m., GolTV
• ENG: Bolton vs. Liverpool, 11 a.m., FSC
• SPA: Coruna vs. Espanyol, 11 a.m., ESPN Deportes
• SPA: Malaga vs. Sociedad, 11 a.m., DirecTV (477)
• GER: Mainz vs. Dortmund, 1 p.m., ESPN Deportes
• SPA: Atletico Madrid vs. Almeria, 1 p.m., GolTV
• MEX: Toluca vs. San Luis, 1 p.m., Telemundo
• MEX: Morelia vs. Monterrey, 1 p.m., Fox Deportes
• ITA: Catania vs. Fiorentina, 2:30 p.m., FSC
• FRA: Montpellier vs. PSG, 3 p.m., FSP
• GER: Hoffenheim vs. Hanover, 3 p.m., GolTV Premiere
• SPA: Bilbao vs. Getafe, 3 p.m., DirecTV (477)
• MEX: America vs. Tecos, 6 p.m., Telefutura
• MEX: Necaxa vs. Atlante, 6 p.m., ESPN Deportes
• MLS: Seattle Sounders vs. Los Angeles Galaxy, 7 p.m., ESPN2
• ENG: Blackpool vs. West Brom, 3 p.m., ESPN Deportes
• SPA: Mallorca vs. Levante, 3 p.m., DirecTV (477)
Weeks before moving in, Sporting Kansas City coach gives tour of new home
Sporting KC's Peter Vermes: The game was lost in the first 30 minutes
Sporting KC plays for another title Wednesday. A look back at the previous three
By Sam McDowell
Matt Besler, Seth Sinovic and Graham Zusi have started each of the team's previous three championships. The Star asked them to look back on those titles.
MORE THE FULL 90
Prediction, keys to victory for Sporting KC in trip to Columbus
Prediction, time, TV for Saturday's FC Dallas at Sporting Kansas City match
Sporting KC is seventh most valuable MLS franchise, Forbes says
Quick-hits preview: Sporting Kansas City at Seattle Sounders FC
Atlanta United FC at Sporting Kansas City preview
Quick-hits preview: Chicago Fire at Sporting Kansas City


text:
Q: Grails 2.3.8 check url mappings for string occurence I am trying to map the following

//localhost:8080/user/login/&debug=1

...

//localhost:8080/user/&debug=1

If there is any occurrence of string '&debug=1' then execute some-controller's action.

A: You can use a filter to do the redirect when required.
class DebugFilters {
    def filters = {
        debugCheck(controller: '*', action: '*') {
            before = {
                if (params.debug == '1') {
                    redirect(controller: 'some', action: 'debug')
                    return false
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

If you want to just switch between controllers and actions for a particular url mapping then you can also use a url mapping as below, instead of the filter altogether:
//UrlMappings.groovy
"/user/login" {
    controller = { params.debug == '1' ? 'some' : 'user' }
    action     = { params.debug == '1' ? 'debug': 'index' }

    // Note the use of a closure in ternary operations
    // params is available in a closure (delegated)
    // because it is not available in by default
}

A: You could use a URLMapping like this
"/**&debug=1"(controller:"defaultDebug"){
    action = [GET: "show"]
}

By using the double wildcard you can catch anything that ends with &debug=1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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This entry was posted on Четверг, Июль 3rd, 2008 at 00:45	and is filed under Интересное. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Today, Weezer have released a music video for their cover of "Take On Me" from their latest hit album, Weezer (The Teal Album), taking a trip back to the 1980spaying tribute to the original music video by a-ha. The video stars up-and-coming band Calpurnia — fronted by mega Weezer fan Finn Wolfhard of Stranger Thingsfame.
In two weeks, Weezer will be returning to the road with Pixies this spring for a run of highly anticipated North American arena dates, including a recently announced headlining stop at New York City's prestigious Madison Square Garden with special guests TV On The Radio. They will then hit Coachella's Main Stage before heading to Europe for a number of dates and festivals. Tour dates are below.
Next DNA Testing Kits: What's All The Hype About?


text:
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Elders.Cronus.AtomicAction.Redis.Config;
using Elders.Cronus.AtomicAction.Redis.RevisionStore;
using Elders.Cronus.Userfull;
using FakeItEasy;
using Machine.Specifications;

namespace Elders.Cronus.AtomicAction.Redis.Tests.WhenRevisionStoreFails
{
    [Subject("Redis Atomic Action")]
    public class When_revision_store_cannot_get_a_revision
    {
        Establish context = () =>
        {
            id = new TestId();
            lockManager = A.Fake<ILock>();
            A.CallTo(() => lockManager.LockAsync(Convert.ToBase64String(id.RawId), A<TimeSpan>.Ignored)).Returns(true);

            revisionStore = A.Fake<IRevisionStore>();
            A.CallTo(() => revisionStore.HasRevision(id)).Returns(Userfull.Result.Success);
            A.CallTo(() => revisionStore.GetRevision(id)).Throws(new Exception(message));

            options = new RedisAtomicActionOptionsMonitorMock().CurrentValue;
            service = TestAtomicActionFactory.New(lockManager, revisionStore);
        };

        Because of = async () => result = await service.ExecuteAsync(id, 1, action);

        It should_return__false__as_a_result = () => result.Value.ShouldBeFalse();
        It should_have_an_exception_recorded = () => result.Errors.ShouldNotBeEmpty();
        It should_not_execute_the_given_action = () => actionExecuted.ShouldBeFalse();
        It should_try_to_unlock_the_mutex = () => A.CallTo(() => lockManager.UnlockAsync(Convert.ToBase64String(id.RawId))).MustHaveHappened();
        It should_not_try_to_persist_the_revision_for_a_long_period = () =>
            A.CallTo(() => revisionStore.SaveRevision(id, 1, options.LongTtl))
                .MustNotHaveHappened();

        static string message = "cannot get revision";
        static TestId id;
        static ILock lockManager;
        static IRevisionStore revisionStore;
        static IAggregateRootAtomicAction service;
        static Result<bool> result;
        static Func<Task> action = () => { actionExecuted = true; return Task.CompletedTask; };
        static bool actionExecuted = false;
        static RedisAtomicActionOptions options;
    }
}


The European Commission has given the green light for €50m of public funding to the Lithuanian state-owned operator "Plačiajuostis internetas" to extend its network.
The money will be used to establish a backhaul network (used to link the core backbone of the network to smaller subnetworks) in remote rural areas of Lithuania, enabling the deployment of faster download speeds of at least 30 megabits per second.
The scheme is aligned with the European Commission's Digital Single Market Agenda and its 2025 objectives to reach high speed connectivity across the EU, as set out in the EC's Communication on a Gigabit Society (published Oct 2016).
The European Commission will provide up to €30m to develop digital service infrastructure, with projects on a Safer Internet, eIdentification, and a pan-EU platform for showcasing Europe's cultural treasures called Europeana.
The announcement was made this week to conclude the Commission's call for telecoms projects in the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) – the EU's fund for infrastructure development.
Out of the €30m, almost €20m will be dedicated to measures aimed at guaranteeing a safer Internet for children, by helping Member States deploy a "Core Services Platform" capable of delivering child-appropriate content to a community of stakeholders. For more information, read the section in the Work Programme here.
As part of the International Day of the Girl Child, Mariya Gabriel, Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society, stressed that women remain underrepresented in European tech and more work in needed to improve the participation of girls.
Earlier this year, Commissioner Gabriel marked International Women's Day (March 6 2018) by outlining her Women in Digital Strategy, with actions to combat gender stereotypes and promote role models, promote the uptake of science and maths subjects, and encourage more women to participate in digital entrepreneurship.
BSI claims that, even though new major waves of ransomware attacks did not materialise in the most recent year, this remained a large threat.
The report notes that increased digitisation and networking of IT systems in Germany means that cybersecurity threats are becoming increasingly complex.
In its press release, the BSI points towards its own role in maintaining an integrated value chain of cybersecurity in response to this threat.
In an interview with Politico, Commission Vice President for the Digital Single Market Andrus Ansip named cybersecurity among the Commission's top priorities going forwards.
Ansip emphasised the importance of the attribution of cyberattacks during the next European elections.
Other priorities named by the Vice President include Artificial Intelligence and data flows.
The Parliament has now named the MEPs that will lead the drafting of its position on terrorist content within the Civil Liberties Committee.
The initial proposal from the Commission, released in September 2018, lays down new rules mandating among other things that platforms take down uploaded terrorist content within one hour of it being flagged by national competent authorities.
MEP Helga Stevens (ECR) was named as the Parliament's rapporteur on the subject. Shadow rapporteurs are: Rachida Dati (EPP), Josef Weidenholzer (S&D), Maite Pagazaurtundúa Ruiz (ALDE), and Eva Joly (Greens).
Marina Kaljurand, Chair of the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace has warned that countries need to step up their work and cooperation on cyberspace.
Kaljurand made reference to a draft declaration reportedly developed by France which aims to get countries to act together to protect cyberspace.
Kaljurand also criticised the reluctance of some countries to come out with political statements in response to cyber attacks such as WannaCry.
Ahead of the International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners, Giovanni Buttarelli, the European Data Protection Supervisor published a blog post on debating ethics in the digital age.
Buttarelli presented the conference as a way to kick-start the debate on what is right and wrong in the development of digital technology. He mentioned as particular concerns addiction to new devices and software, child safety online, and the use of social media platforms to spread propaganda.
The Conference will run from 22-26 October in Brussels and speakers will include Apple CEO Tim Cook and founder of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee.
The European Commissioner for Competition told MEPs this week that she would continue probing Google over potential breaches of EU anti-trust law related to the company's specialised search.
The Competition Commissioner's admission is further evidence of the difficulty competition authorities are having in finding a single, or universal approach, to regulating the Internet's biggest companies.
Following the landmark ruling on the Google shopping services case, many commentators hoped a remedy had been found for all other search services, from local to travel and maps.


Two web giants has recently launched an "answer" service. One of the newly launched answering service is nownow.com. They have partnered with Amazon.com Company, Mechanical Turk, who has a community of users completing various tasks for numerous businesses.
They pay the mechanical Turk community to answer the questions. During beta-test period all questions asked is free. But, they plan to price questions soon.
Another "answers" service is launched by the popular corporate social networking site LinkedIn. It's mechanism is similar to Yahoo Answers, but it covers business related topics. Members who provide the best answers to questions, they earn expertise and an opportunity to be featured on the Answers home page.


Two environmental groups say that mercury levels in human subjects were higher than what is deemed safe. The Sierra Club and Greenpeace tested hair samples from 6,600 people in all 50 states and found that New Yorkers had the highest contamination of mercury. California, Colorado and Oregon were not far behind.
The EPA recommends mercury levels not to exceed one microgram per gram of hair. The usual way mercury gets into the body is via food. It has little to do with your home or work location. The groups claim that coal burning power plants are the biggest single source of the mercury. These power plants produce 42% of the country's industrial mercury pollution.
The mercury gets into the streams, lakes, rivers and oceans. The substance gets "concentrated" in fish and shellfish, which are then consumed by people. According to Dr. Steve Patch, Co-director of EQI and co-author of the report said "In the samples we analyzed, the greatest single factor influencing mercury exposure was the frequency of fish consumption. We saw a direct relationship between people's mercury levels and the amount of store-bought fish, canned tuna fish or locally caught fish people consumed."
Greenpeace claims President Bush has not done enough to clean the environment. Casey Harrell of Greenpeace said "Greenpeace started the Mercury Hair Sampling Project in response to President Bush's failure to clean up power plant mercury pollution. It was very disappointing to hear President Bush call for more coal burning power plants in the State of the Union address when clean energy sources are available."
The groups claim that the EPA has proposed weak power plant mercury regulations. This may violate the Clean Air Act according to an ongoing lawsuit filed by 15 State Attorney Generals.
The Sierra Club is offering a hair sample test kit for a fee on their website: sierraclub.org/mercury. The Environmental Protection Agency provides a chart of which fish should be avoided and which can be eaten in moderation. We have published similar charts that are similar to the one below.


Hello all, sorry for the relative radio silence going on around here as of late. In the spirit of new beginnings, my boyfriend and I have decided to launch a new blog as a joint effort. It's called Our Sunny Days and chronicles our travels, adventures, and current nomadic lifestyle as seasonal park rangers with the National Park Service.
While I may still update this from time to time moving forward, you can expect to see a lot more activity going on over there, so I really hope you'll check it out!


text:
Q: Convert string to decimal C# I am trying to convert a string(format "1.1" or "11.11" and so on..) to a decimal.
But the output keeps missing the "." or ","
So I enter "1.1 + 2.2".
first = 1.1 (string)
second = 2.2 (string)
When I try to convert to decimal I get "11" and "22".
Same result if I don't convert "." to ",".
None of the solutions i found on stackoverflow worked.
if (first.Contains("."))
            {
                DecimalMethod(first);
                MessageBox.Show(first);
                first.Replace(".", ",");

            }

            if (second.Contains("."))
            {
                DecimalMethod(second);
                MessageBox.Show(second);
                second.Replace(".", ",");
            }

           decimal.TryParse(first, out firstNumber);
           decimal.TryParse(second, out secondNumber);

A: I managed to fix it
I changed the tryParse part to:
        System.Globalization.CultureInfo ci = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
        decimal.TryParse(first, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Currency,
                             ci, out firstNumber);
       decimal.TryParse(second, System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Currency,
                            ci, out secondNumber);


This morning, I woke up at 8am on a pullout couch in my aunt's living room. After traveling two and a half hours to get to Teays Valley, I felt tired, yet excited, to begin a journey across the country. After stopping for a breakfast at Panera, we headed out for a two hour drive to John Glenn Airport in Columbus. This drive consisted of my sister, my friends, and our kind chaperone making a lot of jokes. For lunch, we made a stop at Chic-fil-A. Unbeknownst to us, it was Cow Appreciation Day; in other words, it was rather busy and hectic. We ate a quick lunch, headed out, and arrived at our destination on time. The next thirty or so minutes consisted of 21 very stressed students and adults trying to board our flight in due time. Fortunately, we all made it safely for a peaceful two hour flight. We ended our flight in the only acceptable way: clapping and cheering loudly. For dinner, we quickly ate tacos at the Austin Texas airport before boarding our next flight towards our final destination: Denver, Colorado. This second flight seemed ETERNAL due to it not only being our second flight, but a lack of AC on the airplane. After about a million years, we landed safely. A sigh of relief could be heard from everyone as we stepped off of the airplane. Other than this, nothing could be heard as we headed towards our rental cars. We were all beginning to feel the tiring affects of traveling all day. Eventually, our rentals were ready and we packed into the cars. Now, I sit in a car on my way to our hotel for the evening along with four of my new friends. Our chaperones are playing (very good) eighties music. I'm feeling very excited to wake up tomorrow to an eventful day full of hiking and exploration.


It's Sunday and your favourite gossip show, Koffee With Karan is back with another exciting episode. But sadly this will be the last episode of Koffee With Karan 6 and who better than the two sought-after actresses from showbiz, Kareena Kapoor Khan, and Priyanka Chopra to bring the curtains down. PeeCee and Bebo were Karan Johar's guests on the season finale episode and oh-boy, foes turned friends had a great time, courtesy none other than Karan Johar.
Bebo in sequins and the Exotic babe with a splash of neon, the two leading actresses set the finale episode on fire with their candidness. Right from Kareena and Bebo accepting that two were proposed by their respective men in GREECE to Priyanka Chopra being unaware about who Varun Dhawan and Tiger Shroff are dating in real life, the two girls were LIT on the show. So here's the cup of Koffee you all were waiting to be served. Presenting to you the highlights of this super-fun episode!
So when Karan described Priyanka's shaadi as quite a fun and happening event, PeeCee agreed to the same and replied that she was not at all a coy bride. Instead, she went on to reveal how she always wanted to be a bride since the age of 4. "I always wanted to be a Dulhaniya since the age of four. Everywhere I used to go, I used to dress like Dulhaniya, parties, fancy dress, everywhere." Now, we know why her wedding with Nick Jonas in Jodhpur's Umaid Bhawan Palace was so royal, it was her childhood dream, come true. FYI, it took 45 seconds for Priyanka to say yes to Nick Jonas' proposal as it was just two months of their dating phase and the desi girl was a little bit confused on the same.
While talking about the love of her life Saif Ali Khan, Bebo got all candid and addressed how she wanted to embrace Saif's family and his two children Sara and Ibrahim. She also added how marrying Saif was the best decision of her life. But when Karan probes further and asks how's her relationship with her husband's former wife, Bebo replies, "We have never met but I have utmost regards for her. I met Saif many years after he got divorced and he was clearly single." Well, this is quite a revelation!!
We all wanted an answer from PeeCee on why she added Jonas to her name on social media and Karan did the needful. During the conversation, KJo asked Priyanka if she was now a Jonas, to which the actor agreed and how. Further, PeeCee went on to reveal that soon after she got hitched to Nick in December last year, the doting husband asked her what her name was. When she replied "Priyanka Chopra Jonas," he nodded saying, "I see... I see..." but enquired further, "And on Insta?". This incident made PeeCee change her name on Insta.
Karan Johar asks Kareena on the growing popularity of Taimur Ali Khan and how people are making a business out of it by selling Taimur Ali Khan dolls. To which an agitated mommy replies, "I am sorry to say, the Taimur Ali Khan dolls look like Chucky The Doll and not like Taimur at all. It has some strange blue eyes and some scruffy hair and that bandhgala doesn't make him my son."
While talking about the paparazzi culture, Karan questions Priyanka about the difference between the media in Hollywood and Bollywood. He asks her, "Do you feel that there is more craziness here suddenly because the paparazzi intrusion is just completely new for India?" PeeCee replies, "It's new for the world Karan, just been last 15 or 10 years that this has become such a phenomenon which I think is not going anywhere?"
If you have been living under the rock, let us tell you that after PeeCee got married to Nick, there was an article by The Cut which referred Priyanka as a "Global Scam Artist". And well, when Karan asks her about the meanest troll she has come across, PeeCee made an obvious pick.
P:S: During the course of the rapid fire round Priyanka reveals that she is in talks with Vishal Bhardwaj and Sanjay Leela Bhansali when the host asks her which among the two directors she would love to work with again.
nextKoffee With Karan 6: Kareena Kapoor Khan doesn't approve of the Taimur Ali Khan dolls!


ON Friday, SEBI acted with the alacrity expected from a tough capital market regulator to initiate action against DSQ Software Ltd and its managing director Dinesh Dalmia. This column had extensively documented the shenanigans of Dalmia in allotting shares to three Mauritius-based companies ostensibly for the acquisition of Fortuna Technologies of the USA.
SEBI has now cancelled the allotment, signalling that in its prima facie opinion, the deal was a fraud. The extent of fraud can be determined only on finding out who owns the three firms — if it turns out that the three Mauritius-based firms belong to Dalmia the matter should logically be referred to the Enforcement Directorate.
But DSQ is not alone in its rampant disregard for corporate rules and accountability. There is already clear evidence that at least three other companies which had a close nexus with Ketan Parekh have probably violated as many rules. It is now common knowledge that Global Trust Bank (GTB), Zee Telefilms and Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd. (HFCL) were in cahoots with Ketan Parekh and had all routed large sums of money to corporate entities connected with him.
SEBI has told the Joint Parliamentary Committee that at the latest count, Zee and HFCL had diverted Rs 515 crore and Rs 700 crore respectively to Parekh. While GTB had lent him Rs 256 crore, lent the Zee group Rs 200 crore to be diverted to Ketan and also lent money to various other brokers for funding Ketan Parekh. In addition, Zee also borrowed money from ICICI, UTI, IDBI and lent it to Parekh. This deep liaison with the broker raises many questions. Shouldn't the RBI be asking UTI, ICICI and IDBI why they lent money to the Zee group with such undue haste?
SEBI's deposition before the JPC however tells most of the story. The corporate nexus with Parekh, allowed them to structure their market manipulation with Overseas Corporate Bodies (OCBs) and Foreign Institutional Investors playing a central role. SEBI has discovered at least 10 OCBs, which acted for Parekh. Of these, the first five alone have 'siphoned off' a whopping Rs 2,900 crore through OCB operations. These OCBs were all registered in Mauritius and many had a $10 capital. Operating through OCBs allowed Ketan Parekh to buy credibility for his ramping and circular trading.
SEBI has now told the JPC that it has unearthed six more OCBs, which were also operating for Ketan Parekh and used for 'cornering and parking of stocks'. They were: Dossier Stock Inc, Greenfield Investments, AOM Investments, Symphony Holdings, Almel Investments (Mauritius), and Delgrado Ltd. Of these, Delgrado is the most significant. The sole beneficiary of this OCB is none other than Subash Chandra, Chairman of Zee Telefilms. SEBI has found that Zee Telefilms allotted 2.48 crore shares to two shareholders of Zee Multimedia to acquire that company. One of these was Delgrado, which received massive 1.75 crore shares of Rs 10 face value, later split to 10 with a Rs 1 face value.
The deal allowed Chandra to icrease his holding in Zee Telefilms. Chandra was able to sell some of his shares in Delgrado at the relentlessly-ramped up price and remit a hefty profit of Rs 450 crores to Mauritius. This sale too was through Ketan's company Triumph International. The other shareholder of Zee Multimedia would be interesting to know, as also how it was valued.
Ironically, Subash Chandra held an unusual press conference in June this year to send out the message that Zee was now looking for a strategic investor. Chandra had stymied reporters' questions about the diversion of funds to Ketan Parekh, by saying that he wanted to 'close that chapter', little realising that it was not his choice.
For instance, the true ownership of Delgrado can attract violations of the Companies Act. Moreover, every acquisition, sale, placement and tie-up of Zee would be now under the magnifying glass. SEBI told the JPC it is checking out whether Chandra had sold six per cent of his own shares in the capital market. Its curious private placement last year is also under scrutiny. At that time Zee Telefilms had raised Rs 800 crores and Rs 645 crores through a private placement. These shares were allotted to Goldman Sachs and Winter Heat Company Ltd and the beneficial ownership was never questioned. SEBI has now asked Goldman Sachs to disclose the name of the true owner of these shares. Could the placement have been a mere tool for further ramping operations?
Zee's agreement with Star TV and the money that it earned from Star, Zee's subsidiaries and their equity distribution and the manner in which it managed to create reserves of over Rs 3,500 crores in just one year (1999-2000) are all being probed. Until the crash of Ketan Parekh and the collapse of Zee's share price, Zee was too big and powerful a media force to be probed by the regulator.
Curiously, even researchers and analysts at that time seemed happy with superficial explanations by Chandra. Hopefully, having initiated speedy action against DSQ Software, SEBI will not be able to delay a similar action against Ketan Parekh's other buddies — ZEE, HFCL and GTB.


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text:
Q: Angularjs and jasmine, testing promise I'm trying to test my controller which calls at when it starts a service returning a promise containing the username. It always fails and I can't see why.
Module:
(function () {
    'use strict';

    angular.module('dilib', [
            // Angular modules
            'ngAnimate',
            'ngRoute',

            // Custom modules
            'dilib.layout',

            // 3rd Party Modules
            'LocalStorageModule',
            'restangular'
    ])
        .config(function (RestangularProvider) {

            RestangularProvider.setBaseUrl('http://localhost/services/webapi/');

        })
        .config(function (localStorageServiceProvider) {

            localStorageServiceProvider.setPrefix('dilib');

        });
})();

Controller:
(function () {
    'use strict';

    var controllerId = 'requestAuthorizationController';

    angular
        .module('dilib')
        .controller(controllerId, requestAuthorizationController);

    requestAuthorizationController.$inject = ['requestAuthorizationService'];

    function requestAuthorizationController(requestAuthorizationService) {
        /* jshint validthis:true */
        var vm = this;
        vm.username = undefined;

        activate();

        function activate() {

            return requestAuthorizationService.requestAuthorization().then(function (result) {

                vm.username = result;

                return vm.username;

            });

        }

    }
})();

Service:
(function() {
  'use strict';

  var serviceId = 'requestAuthorizationService';

  angular
    .module('dilib')
    .service(serviceId, requestAuthorizationService);

  requestAuthorizationService.$inject = ['$q'];

  function requestAuthorizationService($q) {

    //API
    var service = {

      requestAuthorization: requestAuthorization,
    }

    return service;

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    function requestAuthorization(user) {

      var defer = $q.defer();

      defer.resolve('visitor');

      return defer.promise;
    }

  }
})();

Spec:
//requestAuthorizationController Specification

'use strict';

describe('requestAuthorizationController Specification', function() {

    var RestangularProvider,
        localStorageServiceProvider,
        controller,
        requestAuthorizationServiceMock,
        $rootScope,
        scope;

    beforeEach(function () {

        angular.module('ngAnimate', []);
        angular.module('ngRoute', []);
        angular.module('dilib.layout', []);
        //angular.module('LocalStorageModule', []);
        angular.module('http-auth-interceptor', []);
        //angular.module('restangular', []);

    });

    beforeEach(function() {

        module('dilib', function(_RestangularProvider_, _localStorageServiceProvider_, $provide) {

            RestangularProvider = _RestangularProvider_;
            localStorageServiceProvider = _localStorageServiceProvider_;

            $provide.service('requestAuthorizationService', function ($q) {
                this.requestAuthorization = jasmine.createSpy('requestAuthorization').and.callFake(function(result) {

                    var defer = $q.defer();
                    defer.resolve('visitor');
                    return defer.promise;

                });
            });

        });

    });

    beforeEach(inject());

    beforeEach(inject(function ($controller, _$rootScope_, requestAuthorizationService) {

        controller = $controller;
        requestAuthorizationServiceMock = requestAuthorizationService;
        $rootScope = _$rootScope_;
        scope = $rootScope.$new();

    }));

    it('Provides the authenticated user name', function() {

        var vm = controller('requestAuthorizationController');
        expect(vm.username).toBe('visitor');

    });

});

Here is the plunker.
Thanks for any help in advance!

A: I found the solution. I forgot to call $rootScope.$apply(). Now looks like this.
it('Provides the authenticated user name', function() {

        var vm = controller('requestAuthorizationController');
        expect(vm.username).toBe('visitor');

    });

Here is the plunker.


text:
Budget 2015: Prime Minister's Office Solicits Inputs from Economists
The Prime Minister's Principal Secretary has reached out to economists and help define and design the upcoming Budget
By : Kuganandhan Paramanandan
Feb 3, 2015 10:30 IST
Narendra Modi in United States.Reuters File
At the end of December 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Principal Secretary Nripendra Misra wrote to more than a dozen economists, soliciting their suggestions and understanding on key issues of the forthcoming Budget 2015.
Misra had sought inputs from the economists on how the budget can be defined and also asked for suggestions on revenue and expenditure of the government, especially at a time when tax revenue has been tepid.
The forthcoming Budget will provide the blueprint on how the government tackles the key issues of improving investment.
India's Chief Economic Advisor Arvind Subramanian had recommended to the Centre to increase public infrastructure spending, even at the risk of exceeding the fiscal deficit target of 4.1%, to help stimulate the economy.
However, such a move is feared by the Finance Ministry officials, who are tasked with preparing the Budget, as abandoning the committed fiscal consolidation route, even as tax revenues continue to remain low, could force rating agencies to downgrade India's sovereign ranking.
Subramanian and Misra have held multiple consultations in relation to the Budget, reported The Hindu.
Strangely, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and those immediately involved with Budget preparation have not been copied on Misra's letter to the economists.
"It's unusual for the PMO to seek specific recommendations on the Budget without keeping the Finance Ministry in the loop, but they can't be faulted as it's the Government's Budget... this shows Mr. Modi's direct involvement," a retired senior official with experience in preparing several budgets, told the daily.
Jaitley will present the NDA government's first full budget on 28 February.
London's New Year parade was exhilarating and these pictures prove it!
Stunning images of how the world welcomed the New Year!
Circus Krone: The masters who can control the king of the jungle!
'We are too small to take trade action on India,' says Malaysian PM after palm oil boycott
China will increase imports from US according to 'market principles': Report


There are ruminations of the Women's Property Smashing League coming from the other room, amidst much merriment. Poor Loder has been on the end of some pretty rough treatment.
Thanks for the link - this is a great website.