text:
Nguyễn Quang Hải (born 12 April 1997) is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder and winger for Ligue 2 club Pau and the Vietnam national team. In 2018 and 2019, he was nominated by a panel of sports journalists and football experts for the Best Footballer in Asia award.

Quang Hải, who was born in Đông Anh, joined Hanoi's youth academy at the age of nine. By 2013, he played in the under-19 league at the age of 16. From 2014 to 2022, Quang Hải played for Hanoi's senior team, including a loan spell at Saigon in 2015. He joined Ligue 2 club Pau in France in June 2022.

After playing for Vietnam at various youth levels, Quang Hải made his debut for the Vietnam national team in 2017. His first goal came against Cambodia in September 2017.

Club career

Hanoi
A product of the capital club Hanoi, Quang Hải made his professional debut in 2014 for the club. In just three years, he rose to become one of the most promising products of the club, winning the 2015 V.League 2 before repeating the feat in the 2016 V.League 1. Following a successful Vietnam run in 2018 AFC U-23 Championship, in which he demonstrated a stellar performance, he became a regular face of the club as he played a major role in the club's winning two consecutive V.League seasons in 2018 and 2019. He also helped the club to win two consecutive Vietnamese National Football Cup in 2019 and 2020.

In March 2022, he announced that he would leave the club, expressing his desire to go to Europe to cement his career. His last match for his home club came on 7 April 2022 when his club won 4–0 over Cong An Nhan Dan FC. Though not scoring, Quang Hải provided an assist in this win.

Pau
On 29 June 2022, following numerous rumors about his future, Quang Hải joined Ligue 2 club Pau on a two-season contract, making him the first Vietnamese player to join a French football club. On 30 July 2022, he made his first league appearance for Pau, subbed on for Eddy Sylvestre in the 59th minute in the 4–0 away loss against En Avant Guingamp. On 8 October 2022, he scored his first goal for Pau in the 86th minute in a home match against Rodez in Ligue 2. He scored Pau's second goal of the match, after a brief 8-minute period of playing time, to tie the match 2–2. This scoreline remained to full-time.

International career

Under-16 to under-20
Nguyễn Quang Hải was called up for the 2012 AFC U-16 Championship qualification at the age of only 14.

After an impressive performance in the 2014 under-19 National Championship, Quang Hải was called up to the national U19 side. He went on to represent the U19 team in the 2014 AFF U-19 Youth Championship and the Bruneian Hassanal Bolkiah Championship, where Vietnam finished as runner-up on both occasions.

He made a significant contribution in the 2016 AFC U-19 Championship campaign. In the second game against the United Arab Emirates, he assisted Hồ Minh Dĩ in Vietnam's opening goal. Vietnam went on to beat host Bahrain in the quarterfinal, thus qualified for the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup. This was Vietnam's first appearance in a youth FIFA World Cup tournament.

He captained the Vietnam U20 in the 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup group stage matches against Honduras and France.

Under-23 national team
Quang Hải was first called up to the U23 national team for a friendly against the Malaysia U23 in February 2017. He was then included in the Vietnam squad for the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. In the decisive game against Thailand, he was on the bench for the first half, and immediately made an impact in the second one, being fouled by Ratthanakorn Maikami in the penalty area. Nguyễn Công Phượng, however, missed the spot-kick as Vietnam lost 3–0 and was eliminated.

The appointment of head coach Park Hang-seo saw a significant improvement in the under-23 team hierarchy, as Quang Hải started becoming untouchable in the team's front 3.  He was widely praised as a national hero during the historic 2018 AFC U-23 Championship campaign, as the Vietnam U23 upset major title contenders en route to their very first continental final.

Quang Hải had been instrumental for the team from the group stage, scoring both of the team's two goals. The one against Australia ensured him a Man of the match award. He also converted his penalty kick during the shootout in the quarterfinal against Iraq, thus securing Vietnam a spot in the semi-final. Quang Hải's performance against the Qatar in the semi-final was widely believed to be his most plausible. Quang Hải leveled the score with a low range half-volley in the 69th minute, only for Almoez Ali to regained Qatar's lead in the 87th. He immediately struck back, beautifully controlled the loose ball following a free-kick, then faking a shot to dribble past through two defenders flamboyantly before placing the shot into the far corner; all happened within a minute from the Almoez Ali's goal. He later missed his own in the penalty-shootout, but Vietnam ended up winning 4–3 and advanced to the final. In the final, Quang Hải once again impressed, equalized the score with a free-kick goal. The goal, nicknamed "rainbow in the snow" by the media, has become a symbol for the unprecedented emotional excitement brought to the Vietnamese people by the historic campaign, as well as the national spirit that goes with it. The goal was later voted as the goal of the tournament. Vietnam, however, lost to the Uzbekistan in the last minute of extra time.

He was widely considered to be one of the best players of the tournament, being inducted into several teams of the tournament by various sources. His ability to score from long range was one of the key technical talking points mentioned by the AFC. There were even aggressive criticisms by the Southeast Asian media towards the AFC for not awarding the Most Valuable Player to Quang Hải. At the end of the tournament, Quang Hải, along with teammate Bui Tien Dung, was awarded the 3rd class Labor Order for his impressive performance.

Quang Hải was named into Vietnam's Asian Games 2018 lineup. Quang Hải scored one goal in Vietnam's 3–0 win over Pakistan. In a match against Japan, he scored the only goal of the match as Vietnam defeated Japan to top the Group. Vietnam later went all the way to the semi-finals for the first time in their history at the Asian games, where they were defeated by South Korea 3–1. Vietnam later lost to the UAE in a penalty shootout in the Bronze Medal Match.

Quang Hải captained and scored one goal for Vietnam in the 2019 Southeast Asian Games in a 6–1 win against Laos before he was injured in a match against Singapore and missed the rest of the tournament. However, Vietnam still went on without him to defeat Indonesia in the final to win the gold medal, their first gold in the SEA games football competition since South Vietnam won in 1959.

Senior national team
On 13 June 2017, Quang Hải made his international debut for the Vietnam senior team, against Jordan, in a match that ended in a 0–0 draw. He scored his first senior goal for Vietnam against Cambodia on 5 September 2017, coming on as a substitute and scored a late winner.

In the 2018 AFF Suzuki Cup Quang Hải played every very minute but 2 as Vietnam won its first Southeast Asian football championship in ten years. In the first three games of the group stages, he was given a midfield position by head coach Park Hang-seo, which raised the question among the fans. In the last one against Cambodia, he reclaimed a slot in the front 3 and was immediately awarded Man of the match. He played as an advanced playmaker for the rest of the tournament, being awarded Man of the match twice. The first one was in the semi-final second leg against the Philippines, where he broke the deadlock and helped secure the first home win in the knockout phase of the AFF Championship for Vietnam. The last one was clinched as he assisted Nguyễn Anh Đức the winning goal in the final against the Malaysia. At the end of the tournament, he was a part of the team of AFF Cup's Best XI, and was chosen as the Most valuable player. He was honorably given the 2nd class Labor Order by Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc. He won the Vietnamese Golden Ball few days later, thanks largely to his performance in the AFF Championship.

Quang Hải gained international reputation in 2019 AFC Asian Cup when he played an instrumental part on Vietnam's amazing run in the tournament, including a stunning free kick goal against Yemen as Vietnam won 2–0, and sneaked into the Knockout rounds. Vietnam defeated Jordan in the Round of 16, but fell short 1–0 to the eventual runners up of the tournament, Japan in the quarterfinals. Still, Quang Hải was named Man of the Match on both Vietnam's wins in the tournament, and was inducted into the tournament's official all-star squad by the AFC Technical Committee. On 8th November 2019, he defeated Chanathip Songkrasin of Thailand to win the AFF's Men Player of the year, an award for the best Southeast Asian player in recent two years.

Quang Hải scored three goals in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification, which helped Vietnam to reach the final round of qualification for the first-time ever.

He also scored two goals in 2020 AFF Championship.

Career statistics

International

Scores and results list Vietnam's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Quang Hai goal.

International goals
Scores and results list Vietnam's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Quang Hải goal.

Honours
Saigon
 V.League 2: 2015

Hanoi
 V.League 1: 2016, 2018, 2019.
 Vietnamese National Cup: 2019, 2020
 Vietnamese Super Cup: 2018, 2019, 2020

Vietnam U23
 AFC U-23 Asian Cup runners-up: 2018
 VFF Cup: 2018
 Asian Games fourth place: 2018
 Southeast Asian Games: 2019

Vietnam
 AFF Championship: 2018; runners-up: 2022
VFF Cup: 2022

Individual
 AFF Championship Best XI: 2018
 AFF Championship MVP: 2018
 Vietnamese Golden Ball: 2018
 Vietnamese Silver Ball: 2019, 2021
 Vietnamese Bronze Ball: 2017
 Best young player V-League: 2017, 2018
 V.League 1 Player of the Season: 2019
 ASEAN Football Federation Best XI: 2019
 AFF Men's Player of the Year: 2019
 AFC Asian Cup Team of the Tournament: 2019
 AFC Cup  All-time XI

References

External links

1997 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Hanoi
Vietnamese footballers
Association football midfielders
Vietnam international footballers
V.League 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Hanoi FC players
Pau FC players
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
Competitors at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games
Competitors at the 2019 Southeast Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games medalists in football
Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Vietnam
Vietnamese expatriate footballers
Vietnamese expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in France

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
var loadSshConfig = require('./helpers/load-ssh-config');
var add = require('./add');
var remove = require('./remove');
var clear = require('./clear');
var list = require('./list');
var show = require('./show');

var chalk = require('chalk');

function sshAdd(host, opts, force, config) {
  var point = opts[0];
  var path = opts[1];
  return add(host, point, path, force, config);
}

function sshRemove(host, opts, force, config) {
  var point = opts[0];
  return remove(host, point, force, config);
}

function sshClear(host, opts, force, config) {
  return clear(host, force, config);
}

function sshList(host, opts, force, config) {
  return list(host, force, config);
}

function sshShow(host, opts, force, config) {
  var arg = opts[0];
  return show(host, arg, force, config);
}

module.exports = function(args, force, config, customSshConfig) {
  return loadSshConfig(function(err, hosts) {
    if (err) { throw err; }
    var host = args[0];

    if (hosts.indexOf(host) === -1) {
      if (!force) {
        console.log(chalk.magenta(host) + ' is not a valid host.'
                    + ' Check or edit your ~/.ssh/config if it should be.');
      }
      return false;
    }

    switch (args[1]) {
      case 'add':
      case 'a':
      case '-a':
      case '--add':
        return sshAdd(host, args.slice(2), force, config);
      case 'remove':
      case 'rm':
      case '-rm':
      case '--rm':
      case '--remove':
        return sshRemove(host, args.slice(2), force, config);
      case 'clear':
      case '--clear':
      case '--remove-all':
      case '--rm-all':
        return sshClear(host, args.slice(2), force, config);
      case 'list':
      case 'ls':
      case '--ls':
      case '-ls':
        return sshList(host, args.slice(2), force, config);
      case 'show':
      case 's':
      case '--show':
      case '-s':
        return sshShow(host, args.slice(2), force, config);
      default:
        throw new Error('ssh command not recognized');
    }
  }, customSshConfig);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Timewatch editor John Farren chairs an audio discussion on the end of the First World War. On the panel are Paul Reed (Military historian), Stuart Mitchell and Chris Williams (Open University).
Exploring a little deeper some of the historical issues involved with the making of the programme, the Last Day of World War the discussion asks, does the end make a good starting point for understanding the First World War?


text:
Q: Linux initrd environment setup - Failed to execute /init I'm looking for help in getting a basic initrd environment up and running. My goal is to enhance my knowledge on how to create a basic Linux environment. Ideally, I would like to move into Embedded Linux systems later on and this seems the best starting point.
I've yet to find a good basic how-to on this subject, as such I've mostly ended up following a number of half finished or incomplete tutorials on the subject.
Below are links to the how-to's for your reference on what I've done so far.

*

*http://web.archive.org/web/20120601223451/http://blog.nasirabed.com/2012/01/minimal-linux-filesystem.html

*http://revcode.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/booting-a-minimal-busybox-based-linux-distro/
At the moment, when I boot the environment I get a GRUB prompt, I've tried adding a grub.cfg file to it, but it just gets ignored when the system boots and goes straight to the grub prompt.
To boot the initrd environment presently, I have to provide it with the following commands:
set root=(hd0,msdos1)
linux /boot/bzImage
initrd /boot/rootfs.cpio.gz
boot

This boots the mini OS, but gives an error about not being able to locate an init file (which is part of my rootfs.cpio.gz file in the root of its structure)
.
How I can go about fixing the problems with this initrd environment?

A: When linux kernel boots into the initramfs filsystem, it doesn't run /sbin/init, but /init. The solution is to symlink the /sbin/init to /init.
UPDATE:
I tried to recreate your problems and I discovered that you probably compiled 64-bit busybox and 32-bit linux kernel. Therefore, the linux kernel doesn't know how to execute the /init program because it's 64-bit. Recompile linux with 64 bit option enabled and replace the old version with it. Also, you'll need to symlink the /init to /sbin/init as I told you before

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Parliamentarism
Parliamentary Monitoring
Parliamentary Development
Parliamentary Readings
Parliamentary Elections
Political Party Regulation
Governance and Community
Procurement Monitoring
Pump Priming Monitoring
Eurointegration
Our Mission and Structure
USAID RADA program: accountability, responsibility, democracy
Support of the democratic political culture in the Verkhovna Rada through political dialogue and ethical standards
New Quality of the Ukrainian Parliament
Ukrainian School of Political Studies
Rada za Europu
School of Professional Journalism "New Ukraine"
Four-Year Program "Enforcement of Staff Preparation for the VRU Apparatus"
Civil Society Leadership Network
Parliament Journal
Eurobulletin
European Informational Center
Analytics/Printed Press
THM App
EventsNEWS 21 Nov 2017
Presentation of the Policy Paper "Proposals for the Policy of Rehabilitation for People with Health Problems"
Comments Off on Presentation of the Policy Paper "Proposals for the Policy of Rehabilitation for People with Health Problems"	Twitter	Facebook Telegram
On November 21, the Kyiv hotel hosted a presentation of the policy paper "Proposals for the Policy of Rehabilitation for People with Health Problems".
The event was organized by the Agency of Legislative Initiatives with the support of USAID RADA Program: Responsible Accountable Democratic Assembly, implemented by East Europe Foundation.
As of now, the public system of rehabilitation services does not ensure an adequate coverage, which makes access complicated for people in need of such services. This issue requires public attention.
The study examines the capacity of the rehabilitation system to ensure the further implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The purpose of the policy paper is to elaborate proposals for the public policy in the field of rehabilitation of persons with health problems based on the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and promote their maximum independence. It focuses on the international and national standards for rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, as well as gaps in Ukrainian legislation and law enforcement practice as regards access to rehabilitation services and auxiliary aids.
Proceeding from the analysis results, the paper suggests possible ways to improve the public policy in this area, outlines the prospects for introducing an alternative system that would be based on the ICF implementation.
The event was attended by around 3o participants, including MPs' assistants, representatives of the Secretariat of the VRU Committee on Health Care, the Secretariat of the VRU Commissioner for Human Rights, the State Service of Ukraine for War Veterans and Anti-Terrorist Operation Participants, the Institute of Social Technologies, International University of Human Development 'Ukraine', eHealth, Clinical Hospital 'Feofaniya', and representatives of the public.
Oleksandr Zaslavskyi, Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Agency for Legislative Initiatives, pointed out that the Agency for Legislative Initiatives, within the framework of the RADA Program, promotes the strengthening of the analytical capacity of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in the legislative process. Specifically, the Agency resumed the activity of the European Information and Research Center, which currently operates autonomously preparing policy briefs and responses to MPs' requests. The Agency for Legislative Initiatives proposes two types of documents for consideration by committees: Policy Papers and Shadow Reports. Shadow Reports are aimed at strengthening the oversight function of committees and focus on analyzing certain laws; Policy Papers are documents that should be considered first and foremost within the policy cycle, prior to the bill itself. The Agency for Legislative Initiatives intends to introduce the practice of consideration of analytical papers that examine the outlined problem, the current policy, its effectiveness and flaws, provide stakeholder analysis and alternative solutions to the problem. Such documents are considered at committees' meetings, during roundtables involving the broadest number of stakeholders; besides, they are handed out to MPs in the session hall. All these measures are aimed at improving the quality of legislation.
Bohdan Moisa, Coordinator of the analytical division of the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union, said that the existing rehabilitation system could not effectively respond to current challenges. Moreover, its legal framework does not comply with the international commitments undertaken by Ukraine in 2009 when it ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The World Health Organization (WHO), whose mission carried out an assessment in December 2015, also confirmed that Ukraine's rehabilitation system did not meet the international standards.
"Unfortunately, Ukraine lacks any tangible interagency coordination of healthcare, education and social protection as regards the issues of rehabilitation of people with disabilities, while the established system of rehabilitation does not meet the needs of people with disabilities in terms of access to services, especially in rural areas. The current rehabilitation industry lacks a comprehensive system for assessing needs, interdisciplinary work in providing services and their direct focus on the client."
Mr. Moisa elaborated on the groups of people in need of rehabilitation services, outlined problems associated with ascertaining disabilities, and examined the responsible organizations and institutions. Mr. Moisa also covered the topic of availability and diversity of rehabilitation centers, drawing attention to the fact that the lack of such centers affects most people with psychosocial and intellectual disorders. Speaking about positive initiatives, the author mentioned the launching of the pilot project "Creation of a System for Early Intervention Services", as well as the introduction of professions such as physical rehabilitation physician, physical therapist, and ergotherapist into the Occupational Classification.
Mr. Moisa also elaborated on the international experience of providing rehabilitation services, focusing on the gradual transition from inpatient rehabilitation facilities to service provision at the place of residence and day care facilities. He described the British, Swedish, Czech, Polish and Israeli models of rehabilitation services. Mr. Moisa concluded his presentation with the proposal to adopt the ICF implementation approach proposed by the Ministry of Health while preserving the current achievements of the rehabilitation system for persons with disabilities.
The discussion focused on such issues as financing the provision of quality rehabilitation services; social protection of persons taking care of persons with disabilities (guardians); bias in disability assessment; limited possibilities of the ICF for adequate assessment of disability; staffing schedule of specialists providing rehabilitation services; clarification of the terms "physical rehabilitation", "social rehabilitation" and "psychological rehabilitation"; and building multidisciplinary teams in rehabilitation institutions.
For additional information, please contact Iryna Cherpak at tel.: +38067 242 80 91.
Photo-gallery of the Event
Photos by Oleksandr Kovalenko
Health Problems Policy Paper Presentation Rehabilitation
You can share this post
Events	09 Nov 2018
Presentation of the Situational Study "Questions on Ethical and Professional Standards of the Civil Service in the Apparatus of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine"
Events	14 Jul 2018
Presentation of the research "Returning home. De-occupation and reintegration of Donbas as viewed by the leading Ukrainian parties" by Dzerkalo Tyzhnia
Events	10 Jun 2018
Presentation of the Guidelines for Conducting City Meetings in Town Hall Meeting Format
The Agency for Legislative Initiatives presented the organization at the Atlas Weekend Festival
Workshop "Upcoming Elections – Avoiding Risks in Cyber"
Press Briefing «Parliamentary Reform: Assessment of Results and Agenda for the New Authorities»
New Leaders – 2: ideas of change
The First Seminar of the National Program of the Ukrainian School of Political Studies
Working Meeting and Discussion of the Research Design "Civil Assessment of Public Administration Reform in Ukraine"
Assessment of Internal Reform and Capacity Building of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
04071 Kyiv, Ukraine
Nyzhniy Val St., 15, office 303
© Agency for Legislative Initiaves 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Aim:It is very difficult to determine the fusion process of a spine using postoperative conventional radiological studies and determine whether additional fusion surgery is necessary. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the usefulness of bone scintigraphy in spinal fusion surgery. Material and Methods:This study included 21 patients who had undergone previous anterior or posterior spinal fusion procedures, or both. Implant failure, fusion failure and adjacent segment disease were the evaluated pathological parameters. Scintigraphic data from all patients were evaluated with intraoperative observational data, radiological data and clinical data. Results:Radiological evaluation revealed adjacent segment disease in 5 patients (23.8%), implant failure in 2 (9.5%), and fusion failure in 1 (4.8%). Scintigraphic evaluation of operating segments revealed pseudo-fusion in 3 patients (14.3%) and fusions in 18 (85.7%). Reoperations were performed in 9 patients (42.9%): in 5 (23.8%) because of adjacent segment disease, and in 4 (19.0%) because they requested removal of the implants. Two patients (9.5%) with implant failure did not undergo reoperation because their scintigraphic data were consistent with fusion and they were almost symptom free, with lower Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. The VAS scores of the rest of the patients were significantly reduced after the reoperations (p < .001).Conclusion:Bone scintigraphy may be helpful for surgeons in planning appropriate surgical revision strategy by giving proper data about spinal fusion at least one year after the initial surgery.


text:
Home Countries Bangladesh Domingo: Tigers are playing aggressively
Domingo: Tigers are playing aggressively
South Africa coach Russell Domingo is expecting a tough tour to Bangladesh saying they have changed their mindset over the last two years.
The Tigers are no longer the whipping boys of international where all teams knew they just had to turn up to get a postive result.
They have recently beaten Pakistan and India for the first time in bilateral series, and knocked England out of the world cup earlier this year and qualified for the quaterfinals.
Domingo said: "Bangladesh have changed that mindset. They are playing a lot more aggressively. They seem to have really good energy and belief in their side at the moment.
"They've combined a new belief with a new set of skills which has made them much more effective and much more dangerous."
The Proteas will kick-off the tour with two T20's internationals, starting on Sunday, and it will be the African side's first action on the field since their heartbreaking world cup exit to New Zealand in the semifinal.
They have decided to rest their first-choice Test-match bowling line-up of Dale Steyn, Vernon Philander and Morne Morkel, while giving the likes of Chris Morris, Beuran Hendricks and Kagiso Rabada an opportunity.
Domingo explained: "It's a great opportunity for our next tier of bowlers to stake a claim and it's important that we develop the next tier.
"If Dale, Morne and Vernon are consistently playing Test cricket, it doesn't give much opportunity to the next tier of bowlers."
After the T20 matches the Proteas will play the Tigers in three ODI's and two Test matches.
Bangladesh latest-news south-africa south-africa-in-bangladesh


Virgin Active is a health club company founded by Richard Branson in 1998 in Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom. Its corporate headquarters is located in Milton, Keynes, England.
They currently have more than 270 locations in the United Kingdom, South Africa, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Australia, Singapore, Thailand, Namibia, and Botswana. 80% of the company was sold to Christo Wiese in 2015. The 20% of the company remains under Branson's Virgin Group.
The table below contains information about Virgin Active Guest Passes.
Burn – These are cardio exercises that will burn your calories, while testing your speed, stamina, movement, and endurance. Classes include Pulse Powered by Clubbercise, Group Cycle, and Grid Lean.
Build – These are strength-building exercises that will condition and tone your body, and create a fitter and meaner physique. The classes you can join are: Barre Powered by BootyBarre, UGI (You've Got It), and TRX (Total Body Resistance).
Balance – The trainings are geared toward working every muscle to align your mind and body, and become strong, supple, and flexible. They have Pilates, Body Balance (combination of Yoga, Tai Chi, and Pilates), and Hatha Yoga.
Whatever your fitness goals are, you can find something that will fit your criteria in classes for beginners, weight loss, indoor cycling, toning, stress relief, core strength, HIIT, and building strength.
Virgin Active has membership plans available for corporations and individuals. If you would like to inquire about corporate membership, read their brochure first.
Their options for individuals include the following: 12-Month Package, Flexible Monthly, and Vitality. They offer discounts for 16+ years youth, members aged 18-25, and joint members. Some of the perks you might enjoy are multi-club access, exclusive events, great discounts and win goodies.
Members can share the fun of getting fit with a friend or a family member using a Virgin Active guest pass. The pass will enable the guest to take a class, hit the weights, or go for a swim.
The company also offers a digital day pass that will allow an individual to get a complimentary access to one of their health clubs in the United Kingdom.
The person must be 18 years of age or over and not a current member of a UK Virgin Active Health Club. Check out the terms and conditions to learn more about it.


text:
You are here: Home / Ohio State Football / 2016 Ohio State Spring Football Preview: Youth Will Be Served, Early And Often – DT Preview
2016 Ohio State Spring Football Preview: Youth Will Be Served, Early And Often – DT Preview
April 1, 2016 by Jeremiah (SYR) Leave a Comment
"Almost everything that is great has been done by youth…" ~ Benjamin Disraeli
Ohio State began spring football practice on March 8th. Heading into the 2016 college football season, Ohio State will have 44 players on its roster designated as either a redshirt freshman (21 of the 25 players signed in February 2015), or a true freshman. For a roster that can have only 85 scholarship players, Ohio State will have around 52% of its roster with no playing time experience. As former Ohio State Head Coach John Cooper used to say, "If a dog is going to bite you, it will bite you as a pup.".
For the next several weeks, I will be writing position group previews, leading up to the Ohio State Spring Football Game in Ohio Stadium on April 16th, 2016. These position groups will be ranked, from least to most concern, as I perceive them. It is entirely possible that my concerns, as well as the coaching staff's concerns, will be reevaluated after the spring game.
3rd – Defensive Tackle
Players Lost – Adolphus Washington, Tommy Schutt, Joel Hale. Say what you want about how it ended, but Ohio State lost a great deal of experience and dependability when Washington, Schutt, and Hale all exhausted their eligibility as Buckeyes.
Returning Players/Incoming Players – Malik Barrow (Freshman), Jashon Cornell (Redshirt Freshman), Michael Hill (Redshirt Junior), Dre'Mont Jones (Redshirt Freshman), Donovan Munger (Redshirt Junior), Tracy Sprinkle (Redshirt Junior), Dylan Thompson (Redshirt Sophomore), Joshua Alabi (Redshirt Freshman), Davon Hamilton (Redshirt Freshman), Robert Landers (Redshirt Freshman).
A few things to keep in mind as it relates to this position group…
· The 2016 Fiesta Bowl actually gave Ohio State coaches and the fans a glimpse at what the 2016 season would be like, without the aforementioned Washington, Schutt, and Hale. Michael Hill, Donovan Munger, and Tracy Sprinkle all seem poised to rotate at these interior defensive line spots. With teams such as Oklahoma and Wisconsin on the schedule in 2016, teams that can and have run the ball effectively between the tackles, having a strong interior defensive line is a must for the Buckeyes. Nothing can be more discouraging for a defense than to have the opposing team be able to run the ball at will, killing the clock, while maintaining possession. Hill, Munger, and Sprinkle will all need to rise to the occasion for the Buckeyes this season. The lack of experienced depth at this position is why I have ranked defensive tackle third in my concerns of most pressing questions for the Buckeyes this spring.
· If there is a player along the interior defensive line I am most anxious to see in the upcoming spring game on April 16th, it is Robert Landers. Landers was a later addition to the 2015 recruiting class, and did not play at all in 2015. Landers nearly played in 2015, but was able to be withheld from game action.
· Ohio State has moved Dre'Mont Jones and Jashon Cornell from defensive end to the interior defensive line positions this spring. Just like Robert Landers, neither Jones or Cornell played in 2015. Jones redshirted due to a knee injury sustained in high school basketball, so it will bear watching to see how much, if any, that he plays in the upcoming spring game on April 16th.
· Malik Barrow is an early enrollee at defensive line, participating in spring practices. Barrow sustained a knee injury in high school that may impact how much, if any, that he will play in the spring game on April 16th.
· Davon Hamilton seems to have caught the eye of Ohio State Head Coach Urban Meyer in a positve light ~
I asked Meyer which young players stood out at scrimmage "Davon Hamilton, Sam Hubbard, Jalyn Holmes, Austin Mack, Michael Jordan." #Buckeyes
— Dave Biddle (@davebiddle) March 29, 2016
· If there is a player who seems to be in the doghouse of the coaches, Dylan Thompson may qualify. Thompson redshirted his freshman season in 2014, due to a knee injury. Thompson did not play in 2015, and seems to be in the now or never mode of making a move on the depth chart. When asked about Thompson, Urban Meyer stated his desire of Thompson as spring practices began was "do something. Underline that, do something.". That does not sound like an endorsement bathed in warmth and love from the head coach.
These questions, among others, have been on my mind, as Ohio State resumed spring practice on March 22nd.
Filed Under: Ohio State Football Tagged With: Adolphus Washington, DaVon Hamilton, Donovan Munger, Dre'Mont Jones, Dylan Thompson, Jashon Cornell, Joel Hale, John Cooper, Joshua Alabi, Malik Barrow, Michael Hill, Robert Landers, Tommy Schutt, Tracy Sprinkle, Urban Meyer


text:
The House at 14 Chestnut Street in Somerville, Massachusetts, was one of the last residential structures in the Brickbottom area of the city.  Built about 1860, it was a two-story wood-frame structure with Italianate style, with bracketed eaves and an elaborately decorated front door hood.  The area where it stood was once lined with similar modestly scaled worker housing, most of which was demolished to turn the area into an industrial park.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, and demolished sometime thereafter.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Somerville, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Somerville, Massachusetts
Demolished buildings and structures in Massachusetts


text:
package com.google.errorprone.refaster;

import static org.junit.Assert.fail;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableClassToInstanceMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.sun.source.tree.Tree.Kind;
import com.sun.tools.javac.code.BoundKind;
import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree;
import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.JCTree.JCCompilationUnit;
import com.sun.tools.javac.tree.TreeScanner;
import java.util.Set;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

/**
 * Test {@link UTree#unify} against real compiled ASTs.
 *
 * @author lowasser@google.com (Louis Wasserman)
 */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class UnificationTest extends CompilerBasedTest {

  public void expectMatches(final Template<?> template, Match... expected) {
    final Set<Match> expectedMatches = Sets.newHashSet(expected);
    TreeScanner matchScanner =
        new TreeScanner() {
          @Override
          public void scan(JCTree tree) {
            if (tree == null) {
              return;
            }
            for (TemplateMatch templateMatch : template.match(tree, context)) {
              Match match = Match.create(templateMatch);
              if (!expectedMatches.remove(match)) {
                fail(String.format("Unexpected match against template %s:%n%s", template, match));
              }
            }
            super.scan(tree);
          }
        };
    for (JCCompilationUnit unit : compilationUnits) {
      matchScanner.scan(unit);
    }
    for (Match missingMatch : expectedMatches) {
      fail(
          String.format(
              "Expected match against template %s not found: %s", template, missingMatch));
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void binary() {
    // template: (a + b) / 2
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "a", UPrimitiveType.INT,
                "b", UPrimitiveType.INT),
            UBinary.create(
                Kind.DIVIDE,
                UParens.create(
                    UBinary.create(Kind.PLUS, UFreeIdent.create("a"), UFreeIdent.create("b"))),
                ULiteral.intLit(2)),
            UPrimitiveType.INT);

    compile(
        "import java.util.Random;",
        "class BinaryExample {",
        "  public void example(int x, int y) {",
        // positive examples
        "    System.out.println((3 + 5) / 2);",
        "    System.out.println((x + y) / 2 + 20);",
        "    System.err.println((y + new Random().nextInt()) / 2);",
        // negative examples
        "    System.out.println((x - y) / 2);",
        "    System.out.println((x * y) / 2);",
        "    System.out.println((x + y) / 3);",
        "    System.out.println((x + 5L) / 2);",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("a", "3", "b", "5")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("a", "x", "b", "y")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("a", "y", "b", "new Random().nextInt()")));
  }

  @Test
  public void compoundAssignment() {
    // template: String += int
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableMap.of("str", UClassType.create("java.lang.String"), "n", UPrimitiveType.INT),
            UAssignOp.create(
                UFreeIdent.create("str"), Kind.PLUS_ASSIGNMENT, UFreeIdent.create("n")),
            UClassType.create("java.lang.String"));
    compile(
        "class CompoundAssignmentExample {",
        "  public void example() {",
        "    String foo = \"\";",
        "    foo += 5;",
        "    foo += \"bar\";",
        "    foo += 10;",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("str", "foo", "n", "5")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("str", "foo", "n", "10")));
  }

  @Test
  public void methodInvocation() {
    // template : md.digest(str.getBytes())
    UType byteArrayType = UArrayType.create(UPrimitiveType.BYTE);
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "md", UClassType.create("java.security.MessageDigest"),
                "str", UClassType.create("java.lang.String")),
            UMethodInvocation.create(
                UMemberSelect.create(
                    UFreeIdent.create("md"),
                    "digest",
                    UMethodType.create(byteArrayType, byteArrayType)),
                UMethodInvocation.create(
                    UMemberSelect.create(
                        UFreeIdent.create("str"), "getBytes", UMethodType.create(byteArrayType)))),
            byteArrayType);

    compile(
        "import java.security.MessageDigest;",
        "import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;",
        "import java.nio.charset.Charset;",
        "class MethodInvocationExample {",
        "  public void example(MessageDigest digest, String string)",
        "      throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {",
        // positive examples
        "    MessageDigest.getInstance(\"MD5\").digest(\"foo\".getBytes());",
        "    digest.digest(\"foo\".getBytes());",
        "    MessageDigest.getInstance(\"SHA1\").digest(string.getBytes());",
        "    digest.digest((string + 90).getBytes());",
        // negative examples
        "    System.out.println(\"foo\".getBytes());",
        "  }",
        "}");

    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("md", "MessageDigest.getInstance(\"MD5\")", "str", "\"foo\"")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("md", "digest", "str", "\"foo\"")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("md", "MessageDigest.getInstance(\"SHA1\")", "str", "string")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("md", "digest", "str", "(string + 90)")));
  }

  @Test
  public void staticMethodInvocation() {
    // Template: BigInteger.valueOf(int)
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableMap.of("x", UPrimitiveType.INT),
            UMethodInvocation.create(
                UStaticIdent.create(
                    "java.math.BigInteger",
                    "valueOf",
                    UMethodType.create(
                        UClassType.create("java.math.BigInteger"), UPrimitiveType.LONG)),
                UFreeIdent.create("x")),
            UClassType.create("java.math.BigInteger"));

    compile(
        "import java.math.BigInteger;",
        "class Foo {",
        "  public void example(int x) {",
        // positive examples
        "    BigInteger.valueOf(32);",
        "    BigInteger.valueOf(x * 15);",
        "    BigInteger.valueOf(Integer.parseInt(\"3\"));",
        // negative examples
        "    BigInteger.valueOf(32L);",
        "    super.equals(32);",
        "  }",
        "}");

    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("x", "32")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("x", "x * 15")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("x", "Integer.parseInt(\"3\")")));
  }

  @Test
  public void multipleMatch() {
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableMap.of("x", UPrimitiveType.INT),
            UBinary.create(Kind.MINUS, UFreeIdent.create("x"), UFreeIdent.create("x")),
            UPrimitiveType.INT);

    compile(
        "import java.math.BigInteger;",
        "class MultipleMatchExample {",
        "  public void example(int n) {",
        // positive examples
        "    System.out.println(3 - 3);",
        "    BigInteger.valueOf((n * 2) - (n * 2));",
        // negative examples
        "    System.err.println(3 - 3L);",
        "    System.err.println((n * 2) - n * 2);",
        "  }",
        "}");

    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("x", "3")),
        Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("x", "(n * 2)")));
  }

  @Test
  public void returnTypeMatters() {
    /* Template:
     * <E> List<E> template(List<E> list) {
     *   return Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
     * }
     *
     * Note that Collections.unmodifiableList takes a List<? extends T>,
     * but we're restricting to the case where the return type is the same.
     */
    UTypeVar tVar = UTypeVar.create("T");
    UTypeVar eVar = UTypeVar.create("E");
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableClassToInstanceMap.of(),
            ImmutableList.of(eVar),
            ImmutableMap.of("list", UClassType.create("java.util.List", eVar)),
            UMethodInvocation.create(
                UStaticIdent.create(
                    "java.util.Collections",
                    "unmodifiableList",
                    UForAll.create(
                        ImmutableList.of(tVar),
                        UMethodType.create(
                            UClassType.create("java.util.List", tVar),
                            UClassType.create(
                                "java.util.List", UWildcardType.create(BoundKind.EXTENDS, tVar))))),
                UFreeIdent.create("list")),
            UClassType.create("java.util.List", eVar));
    compile(
        "import java.util.ArrayList;",
        "import java.util.Collections;",
        "import java.util.List;",
        "class ReturnTypeMattersExample {",
        "  public void example() {",
        // positive examples
        "    Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<String>());",
        "    List<Integer> ints = Collections.unmodifiableList(Collections.singletonList(1));",
        // negative examples
        "    List<CharSequence> seqs = Collections.<CharSequence>unmodifiableList(",
        "        new ArrayList<String>());",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "list", "new ArrayList<String>()",
                "E", "java.lang.String")),
        Match.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "list", "Collections.singletonList(1)",
                "E", "java.lang.Integer")));
  }

  @Test
  public void recursiveType() {
    /*
     * Template:
     * <E extends Enum<E>> String example(E e) {
     *  return e.name();
     * }
     */
    UTypeVar eTypeVar = UTypeVar.create("E");
    eTypeVar.setUpperBound(UClassType.create("java.lang.Enum", eTypeVar));
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableClassToInstanceMap.of(),
            ImmutableList.of(eTypeVar),
            ImmutableMap.of("value", eTypeVar),
            UMethodInvocation.create(
                UMemberSelect.create(
                    UFreeIdent.create("value"),
                    "name",
                    UMethodType.create(UClassType.create("java.lang.String")))),
            UClassType.create("java.lang.String"));
    compile(
        "import java.math.RoundingMode;",
        "class RecursiveTypeExample {",
        "  public void example() {",
        "    System.out.println(RoundingMode.FLOOR.name());",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(
        template,
        Match.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "value", "RoundingMode.FLOOR",
                "E", "java.math.RoundingMode")));
  }

  @Test
  public void blockTemplate() {
    BlockTemplate blockTemplate =
        BlockTemplate.create(
            // <E>
            ImmutableList.of(UTypeVar.create("E")),
            ImmutableMap.of(
                // Collection<E> collection
                "collection", UClassType.create("java.util.Collection", UTypeVar.create("E")),
                // Comparator<? super E> comparator
                "comparator",
                    UClassType.create(
                        "java.util.Comparator",
                        UWildcardType.create(BoundKind.SUPER, UTypeVar.create("E")))),
            UVariableDecl.create(
                "list",
                UTypeApply.create("java.util.List", UTypeVarIdent.create("E")),
                UNewClass.create(
                    UTypeApply.create("java.util.ArrayList", UTypeVarIdent.create("E")),
                    UFreeIdent.create("collection"))),
            UExpressionStatement.create(
                UMethodInvocation.create(
                    UStaticIdent.create(
                        "java.util.Collections",
                        "sort",
                        UForAll.create(
                            ImmutableList.of(UTypeVar.create("T")),
                            UMethodType.create(
                                UPrimitiveType.VOID,
                                UClassType.create("java.util.List", UTypeVar.create("T")),
                                UClassType.create(
                                    "java.util.Comparator",
                                    UWildcardType.create(BoundKind.SUPER, UTypeVar.create("T")))))),
                    ULocalVarIdent.create("list"),
                    UFreeIdent.create("comparator"))));
    compile(
        "import java.util.ArrayList;",
        "import java.util.Comparator;",
        "import java.util.Collections;",
        "import java.util.List;",
        "class BlockTemplateExample {",
        "  public void example(Comparator<String> cmp) {",
        "    List<String> foo = new ArrayList<String>();",
        "    foo.add(\"bar\");",
        "    List<String> sorted = new ArrayList<String>(foo);",
        "    Collections.sort(sorted, cmp);",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(
        blockTemplate,
        Match.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "collection", "foo",
                "comparator", "cmp",
                "E", "java.lang.String",
                "list", "sorted")));
  }

  @Test
  public void ifBlockTemplate() {
    /*
     * Template:
     *
     * if (cond) {
     *   x = y;
     * } else {
     *   x = z;
     * }
     */
    BlockTemplate blockTemplate =
        BlockTemplate.create(
            ImmutableList.of(UTypeVar.create("T")),
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "cond", UPrimitiveType.BOOLEAN,
                "x", UTypeVar.create("T"),
                "y", UTypeVar.create("T"),
                "z", UTypeVar.create("T")),
            UIf.create(
                UFreeIdent.create("cond"),
                UBlock.create(
                    UExpressionStatement.create(
                        UAssign.create(UFreeIdent.create("x"), UFreeIdent.create("y")))),
                UBlock.create(
                    UExpressionStatement.create(
                        UAssign.create(UFreeIdent.create("x"), UFreeIdent.create("z"))))));

    compile(
        "class IfBlockExample {",
        "  public void example(String x) {",
        "    if (Math.random() > 0.5) {",
        "      x = \"foo\";",
        "    } else {",
        "      x = \"bar\";",
        "    }",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(
        blockTemplate,
        Match.create(
            ImmutableMap.of(
                "cond", "(Math.random() > 0.5)",
                "x", "x",
                "y", "\"foo\"",
                "z", "\"bar\"",
                "T", "java.lang.String")));
  }

  @Test
  public void newArray() {
    // Template: new String[] {str}
    ExpressionTemplate template =
        ExpressionTemplate.create(
            ImmutableMap.of("str", UClassType.create("java.lang.String")),
            UNewArray.create(
                UClassIdent.create("java.lang.String"),
                ImmutableList.<UExpression>of(),
                ImmutableList.of(UFreeIdent.create("str"))),
            UArrayType.create(UClassType.create("java.lang.String")));
    compile(
        "class Foo {",
        "  public void example() {",
        // positive examples
        "    String[] array1 = new String[] {\"foo\"};",
        // negative examples
        "    String[] array2 = {\"bar\"};",
        "  }",
        "}");
    expectMatches(template, Match.create(ImmutableMap.of("str", "\"foo\"")));
  }
}


The new Excellence in Clergy Leadership Scholarship program awarded over $1.66 million to 206 students nationally in 2017. The partnering organizations provided the following funding: $480,000 from GBHEM, $252,000 from the Lilly Endowment, $267,500 from 47 Annual Conferences, $127,500 from 17 United Methodist foundations and $532,500 from the 13 United Methodist seminaries.
The program grew out of a grant initiative of the Lilly Endowment aimed at helping United Methodist clergy avoid excessive educational loan debt and build financial acumen. Scholarship recipients must be full-time Master of Divinity students, attend one of the 13 UM seminaries and be certified candidates for ministry in their respective conferences.
Recipients are required to complete a free financial wellness curriculum offered through Wespath and EY Financial Planning Services (formerly Ernst & Young). The curriculum includes assistance with cash flow, personal savings and debt management, retirement savings strategies, investment allocation decisions, understanding tax issues, and estate and insurance planning.
The five Missouri recipients for Fall 2017 are: Jill Arnold (Boston University School of Theology), Jennifer Essary (Iliff School of Theology), Britton Fields (Saint Paul School of Theology), Brittanee Jacobs (Saint Paul School of Theology) and Andrew Sanders (United Theological Seminary). This was the first year of the pilot project which will be funded again in 2018. All students must reapply for Fall 2018 consideration.
All eligible candidates attending one of the 13 United Methodist seminaries are encouraged to apply. Scholarship applications for 2018 will be open between January 3 and March 1 on the GBHEM website. For a link to that application and more information about this and other seminary scholarship opportunities visit https:// mumf.org/students/seminary-scholarships.
Both Wespath and the Missouri UM Foundation received Lilly Endowment grants under the same Lilly initiative. In addition to scholarships, the Foundation's C2FM program provides educational resources and direct aid for all active clergy in Missouri. Learn more at https://mumf.org/c2fm.


text:
'Steve Jobs' suffers a poor opening weekend at theaters
The People Behind Apple
by Joe White
The Danny Boyle-directed "Steve Jobs," starring Michael Fassbender and featuring a script penned by Aaron Sorkin (based on the Walter Isaacson authorized biography of the Apple co-founder), has suffered an abysmal opening weekend at U.S. theaters. In fact, the movie has only earned some $500,000 more than "Jobs," the critically condemned bio-movie starring Aston Kutcher.
According to Variety, Boyle's "Steve Jobs" took $7.3 million on its opening weekend, which is nothing compared to its estimated $30 million cost (a figure bolstered further by a reported additional $30 million in marketing fees). Because of this, the movie needs to make a lot more to break even, yet if its opening weekend is anything to go by, "Steve Jobs" is shaping up to be a financial, if not critical, failure.
So, what went wrong, Variety asks? Well, it's a tough one. Despite some tracking signalling that the picture could score as much as $19 million in opening weekend funding, Variety posits that the movie was "too brainy, too cold, and too expensive to make it a success." The article goes on to question whether Fassbender, though brilliant, has the commercial pulling power to draw audiences into the picture. Yet, as Variety goes on to add, all is not lost … yet:
Universal believes that the picture can recover. Studio executives note that it is popular in major urban markets like San Francisco and New York, and argue that the film's A minus CinemaScore means word-of-mouth will be strong. If it can stay in theaters until Golden Globe and Oscar nominations are announced, they believe it can rebound.
There'll need to be a reported $120 million in earnings for "Steve Jobs" to break even, and due to its dialogue-driven storyline, foreign prospects seem "bleak," the article adds. Domestically, it's made $10 million to date, and so the chances of Boyle's picture reaching the fabled $120 million mark seem unlikely.
That doesn't undervalue the quality of the picture itself, of course: as Variety concludes, "Steve Jobs" was "a brilliant picture, and a bad bet." Have you seen the movie yet?
Danny Boyle's 'Steve Jobs' showcases an evolution of cinematography
Apple's Tim Cook remembers Steve Jobs on the fourth anniversary of his death


text:
Open access journal indexed with Index Medicus
Home | Login
About Editorial board Articles
NSI Publications
CURRENT PRACTICE IN NEUROSCIENCES
PROGRESS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
Search Instructions Online Submission Subscribe Videos Etcetera Contact
Pandya S K
Neural transplant.
» Brain death
» Neural transplant
» Autografts of ne...
» Heterograft of n...
» Use of foetal ne...
» Whole brain tran...
» Prime requisites...
» Relevance of neu...
» Epilogue
» Acknowledgements
Emailed 14
Medical ethics in the Neurosciences
Pandya SK
Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. G. V. Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai - 400026
Doctors in India are heirs to a long tradition of ethics from their own forebears and from those from the West. This paper discusses ethical aspects of topics of relevance to neurological scientists such as brain death, neural transplant and whole brain transplant. Many other topics such as ethics in research, patients with AIDS, patients in a persistent vegetative state and euthanasia deserve similar consideration and debate.
Pandya S K. Medical ethics in the Neurosciences. Neurol India 2003;51:317-22
Pandya S K. Medical ethics in the Neurosciences. Neurol India [serial online] 2003 [cited 2021 Jan 22];51:317-22. Available from: https://www.neurologyindia.com/text.asp?2003/51/3/317/1174
No one disputes that the aims of medicine are to help restore health, maintain it and prevent it from deteriorating or being attacked by disease. Here we consider a few aspects of current medical practices insofar as they pertain to the nervous system of man.
Primitive tribal cultures have long recognised the fact that the head contains the centre of reason and 'the soul substance of man'. Excavations of prehistoric burials show that often, before burying the dead, early man removed the skull, evidently attaching a special spiritual value to it.[1]
Hippocratic tradition has guided western medicine since the 5th century BC. Each doctor taking the oath undertakes to 'apply ... measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgement; I will keep them from harm and injustice. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect... In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.'[2]
In India, the populace at large remains guided by ancient religious and philosophical doctrines. Indian physicians of the past remained faithful to the oath of initiation[3] administered by the teacher to every student aspiring to the medical profession. The oath included the following:
'Day and night however thou mayest he engaged, thou shalt endeavour for the relief of patients with all thy heart and soul. Thou shalt not desert or injure thy patient even for the sake of thy life...'
'Thou shalt renounce all evil desires, anger, greed, passion, pride, egotism, envy, harshness, meanness, untruth, indolence and other qualities that bring infamy upon oneself.'
'Thy preceptor, the poor, the friendly, the travellers, the lowly, the good and the destitute - those thou shalt treat when they come to thee like thy own kith and kin and relieve their ailments...'
Ideals were instilled with great care and forethought.
'As long ago as 1000 BC, Çaraka firmly believed that the head (sira) was the most important organ of the human body. In the Vedas the brain is considered to be the centre of the mind which possesses the highest of all senses. If the brain is destroyed the limbs are paralysed and death follows.'[4]
The present concept of brain death appears to have been anticipated in the Vedas. 'We had a recent discussion with an Ayurvedic acharya and I was quite surprised to see that the definition given here today is there in the slokas. They say life is composed of four components. It is a coordinated activity of shareer, indra, man and atman of which shareer is the body we see. Indra does not refer to eyes and ears but the sensation of sight, hearing and touch and a probably modern interpretation in today's knowledge would be the areas in the brain which are responsible for that particular sensation. The content of consciousness is the man... Atman probably means the seat of consciousness or pran. The breathing centre or pran lies in the brainstem and so does the seat of consciousness. When this is not functioning the patient is dead. Thus the criteria for brain death have already been described for us several centuries ago...'[5]
Ancient Hindu and Buddhist philosophy taught the subjugation of the desires of the physical body, emphasising instead the need to concentrate on higher, spiritual matters. The savant considers the body as a mere container for the essential atman or soul.[6] The shell (for that is what the dead body, devoid of the atman, constituted) is thus to be treated with indifference.
'Hindu philosophers undoubtedly deserve the credit of having, though opposed by strong prejudice, entertained sound and philosophical views respecting uses of the dead to the living and were the first scientific cultivators of the most important and essential of all the departments of medical knowledge - practical anatomy...' (Wise quoted by Bhagwat Sinh Jee[7.
A Hindu sage or his Buddhist counterpart would have no difficulty in permitting the use of any part of his corpse for beneficial purposes. (See also Crowe et al[8.
Jain philosophy took off from Hindu origins. It permitted an aspirant to embrace ritual death under the following conditions: 1) when one suffers from an incurable disease, 2) when one encounters severe famine, 3) when one encounters conditions that make the maintenance of one's spiritual life impossible. (Bhagavati-Aradhana quoted by Settur[9 Great philosophers - often termed saints - have embraced ritual death upon realising the illusive character of the world. Most such deaths were achieved by fasting, solid foods being abandoned at first and then liquids as well. The corpse of such an individual was to be allowed natural decay and destruction rather than disposal through funeral and cremation. Several conclusions were drawn by survivors from the eventual state of the corpse laid out in the open. The use of organs from such a body for the welfare of others would have been applauded.
Christians and Muslims in most countries have agreed to recognise the concept of brain death and permit organ transplantation from persons whose hearts were still beating.[10],[11] The governing principle in Judaism[8] and the Zoroastrian faith[12] is the supreme importance of preserving life. Both these religions therefore permit organ transplantation.
Transplantation of tissue from the brain of a dead person, thus, appears to face no serious religious objection. Transplantation of the whole brain or tissue from a foetus, on the other hand, appears to require further thought and debate.
Modern doctors are privileged in India. They continue to command respect from the community, earn handsomely and play a decisive role in almost all matters pertaining to health and sickness. Most of our countrymen are, on the other hand, poor and illiterate. The expected compassion, humaneness and empathy is, however, lacking in many Indian doctors. The defence that doctors, being part of society, cannot but be tainted by the corruption prevalent in the population at large does not hold. Their high level of education, the codes of ethical practice inherited from such ancients as Çaraka, Susruta, Hammurabi and Hippocrates and the examples of the great doctors of the past should have countered such a tendency.
Great care is needed in introducing concepts and practices that could form a fertile breeding ground for further malpractices.
Rising costs of care of patients whose hearts and lungs can be made to function artificially but who stand no chance of meaningful life on account of severe and irreversible damage to the brain by injury or disease focused attention on this concept. Legal acceptance of the criteria of brain death, from 1959 onwards in France and shortly thereafter in other countries, permitted treating physicians to shut off all artificial means for prolonging the function of the heart and lungs in patients with brain death, thus reducing wasteful expenditure and ameliorating the agony of surviving relatives.
The need to harvest organs for transplants as soon after death as possible also triggered changes in the means by which the diagnosis of death can be made with certainty. Discovery of the fact that organs harvested whilst they were being perfused by oxygenated blood led to the formulation of the concept of brain death and, in turn, the means for making such a diagnosis.
The earlier notion that death can only be certified after the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions, exemplified by cessation of the heart beat and respiration has thus given way, to the certification of death on the basis of complete and irreversible cessation of brain function even though the heart and lungs continue to function. This change is based on the fact that the essence of a human being lies in the brain. Death of the brain is inevitably followed by death of the body. The rest of the body, minus the brain, has no independent existence.
Once the concept of brain death was accepted it became necessary to lay down criteria for making this diagnosis. In India, we have ruled that evidence of death of the brainstem suffices since it is in the brainstem that the mechanisms for consciousness, cardiac rhythm, blood pressure, respiration and other vital functions reside. This diagnosis can be made without recourse to expensive or hard-to-find equipment.
We must add a clause to the above statement. The diagnosis of brain death in infants and young children must be made with extreme caution. The developing brain poses extra difficulties in diagnosis because of the fact that systems are still in the process of development. We cannot certify brain death or brainstem death in children under the age of three years.
The tests required to make a diagnosis of brainstem death are based on clinical examination. It is mandatory that such a diagnosis be made by two independent registered medical practitioners not connected with any transplant program. In principle, it should be possible to arrive at a diagnosis anywhere in the country - metropolis, town or village.
The education of all our doctors legally empowered to make a diagnosis of death (modern medicine, ayurveda, homeopathy, unani and other forms of practice) on the means for making of such diagnosis is vital.
The diagnosis of brain death, however, becomes truly relevant only in a setting where the patient is being monitored, is on a respirator and is being considered as a potential donor of organs. Such a situation only exists in sophisticated hospitals in towns and cities.
Our experience with renal transplants on payment suggests the need for caution in the diagnosis of brain death. It will be necessary to monitor such diagnoses for a long time. This will not be an easy task. 'There will not be many problems is state run hospitals where the criteria for brain death will be strictly fulfilled. The problems will be in the five-star hospitals or big nursing homes. Who is going to audit brain death in these places where they have rich customers waiting for transplantation?'[13]
Should the term 'brain death' be replaced by 'death'?
There is often grave confusion in the minds of relatives and friends who are told that their patient has suffered brain death. They look at the monitor and see the stable pattern of the electrocardiogram and are unable to reconcile it with what they have just been told. Almost as though they were mesmerised by the graph on the screen, they continue to harbour the hope that if the doctors strive a little more, their patient may recover.
This has led most hospitals and clinics to refrain from discontinuing all life support systems despite the diagnosis of brain death for fear of being sued for murder or malpractice. The dead patient remains on the ventilator. Drugs to prop up the blood pressure continue to flow into the body. The family continues to pay huge sums for several days till the heart comes to a permanent halt. Their agony is prolonged.
This is a waste. Another patient, whose life may be saved by treatment in the intensive care unit, cannot be admitted as this bed remains occupied. Doctors and nursing staff are demoralised.
This dilemma has led to the suggestion that we abandon the term 'brain death' which leads the lay person to suppose that there are different forms of death, 'brain death' being intermediate to 'true death'. The criteria for brain death should henceforth be publicly proclaimed and legally accepted as the criteria for death even when organ transplantation is not under consideration. Once this is done, the diagnosis can be followed by rapid removal of all life support systems as in the case of the patient where the heart has permanently stopped beating.
Removal of life support systems after brain death
The Transplantation of Human Organs Act (1994) passed by Parliament in India lays down the criteria for brain death in the context of organ transplantation. The British criteria (on which our Act is based) clearly state: 'The medical officer will speak to the relatives and announce the death. The time of death is recorded as the time when the final test to fulfil the criteria for brainstem death was satisfied.' We need either a similar specification in our own Act or, better still, a separate statute defining the new criteria for the diagnosis of death.
Till this happens, Sethi and Sethi's suggestion[14] can be followed. In the case Dority versus Superior Court of San Bernardino County, USA (1983), the court ruled: 'Brain activity is a necessary condition to legal personhood and perhaps with the exception of the foetus, it is a sufficient condition for legal personhood… Once brain death has been determined… no criminal or civil liability will result from disconnecting the life support devices.' Should there be a legal query, this case can be quoted in defence of removal of life support systems once the patient has been shown to be brain dead.
The basic requirements for the performance of any surgical operation hold.
1. The recipient (or, when the patient is a minor or is non compos mentis, a legally responsible relative) and the donor (or, when the patient is non compos mentis, a legally responsible relative) must give willing and informed consent for the procedure.
2. The indications for surgery must be in conformity with internationally accepted criteria and there must be a reasonable chance of success from the operation. The benefits must outweigh the risks to the recipient.
3. The donor should suffer no harm.
4. The surgeon and the entire transplant team must possess all that is needed for a successful outcome - expertise, technical excellence, equipment and ancillaries.
5. All the necessary precautions must be taken to assure a successful outcome and prevent complications. The development of AIDS in recipients of renal transplants make this all the more important. Since neural tissue used for transplant could harbour a slow virus, every effort will have to be made to ensure that the presence of such organisms has been excluded.
6. Trade in human tissues is contrary to the respect and dignity of the human body. Only those who need such a gift should receive it rather than only those who can afford it.[15]
» Autografts of neural tissue
No ethical principle is transgressed by such an operation. As pointed out by Msgr. Cordeiro,[16] sacrifice of part of the human body in the interest of the whole person or that of such vital organs as the brain or spinal cord has worldwide ethical sanction.
» Heterograft of neural tissue
Heterograft from cadavers, at present unsuited for neural transplant, will pose no ethical problem provided the operation has been carried out bearing the general principles outlined above in mind and brain death in the donor has been diagnosed ethically.
Heterograft from live donors will, even more so than in the case of renal transplant, pose major ethical problems.
Clear and unambiguous guidelines are needed regarding indications and contra-indications for such procedures. The indications must confirm that the disease can be cured or alleviated only by a transplant. The donor must be guaranteed that no harm will occur to the functions of his own mind and brain. The postoperative states of donor and recipient must be closely monitored along strictly scientific lines on a long term basis.
The extensive and unscrupulous commerce in kidneys warns us of malpractices to come. Dealing, as we are, with two human brains, it is essential that we ensure total honesty, fairplay and the highest standards from all concerned. Under prevailing circumstances, this may be very difficult in many countries including India.
» Use of foetal neural tissue as transplant
Tandon[17] pointed out that questions on whether or not it is ethical to use foetal neural tissue as transplants have arisen because the foetus is, in the eyes of the law, a person in its own right whilst in the maternal womb.
When, however, it is proved that use of tissue from a foetus aborted for other reasons can alleviate suffering, restore normalcy or help in any other way a suffering human being, it is difficult to find fault with such usage, especially when no other means is available for such relief or cure. The foetus, incapable of independent existence outside the maternal womb, is dead on abortion or soon thereafter. The use of tissue from other dead individuals - heart, heart-lungs, kidneys, liver, pancreas, cornea, bone, dura mater... has gained the approval of the law, the medical profession and society at large. There can be no scientific reason to prohibit the similar use of foetal tissue.
Having said this, it is necessary to consider purely ethical and theological objections.
The permission for abortion granted by law in some countries (including India) ignores the status of an embryo as an individual. To assert that the use of tissue from a foetus aborted in accordance with the law of the land is permissible is to derive ethical approval from legal sanction. This is not in keeping with the principles of ethics which lie on a plane higher than those of law.
The church forbids removal of neural tissue from a foetus until it is brain dead.[16] Since brain death in a foetus can only be determined with great difficulty, if we are to accept the church's verdict, we shall have to forbid foetal transplants. Society at large will have to decide upon the practice to be followed in such cases.
The foetus nearing term, capable of independent survival outside the maternal womb, cannot be placed in the category discussed above. Every effort must be made to ensure its survival. Removal of neural tissue for transplant can only be considered after brain death is established with certainty in such a foetus.
Present fears centre around the possibility of abortions being carried out principally or solely for the purpose of obtaining neural tissue for transplantation. That such fears do not belong to the realm of fantasy is clear from the fact that mothers have become pregnant simply in order to obtain an organ (such as the kidney) or tissue (such as bone marrow) from the newborn child for use in an ailing sibling whose life depends on obtaining such a graft. (In the available examples, the donor has been incorporated into the family with affection and gratitude).
Ethical principles cannot sanction the sacrifice of a foetus simply because a sibling needs neural tissue as transplant.
Great caution will be necessary in the legal sanction of the use of foetal neural tissue for transplantation. The principles under which such transplants can be permitted may emerge after much serious debate and must win universal approval. The guidelines provided by the British Medical Association[8] may serve as a model. Ensuring that no unethical or illegal transplantation is carried out is, however, likely to prove difficult especially in countries such as India.
Andrews[15] suggests development of foetal cell lines from spontaneously aborted foetuses so that a large quantity of transplantable tissue is obtained from a very small source. Such tissue could be used for transplantation without the breach of ethical or legal principles.
» Whole brain transplant
At present this is in the realm of science fiction. Even so, it must be considered for in the field of medicine and biology, all too often, a procedure proclaimed impossible has been put into operation shortly after the proclamation.
Should they come to pass, whole brain transplants will bristle with ethical dilemmas. Since the brain is the organ for thought, perception, imagination, emotion and, indeed, all activities of the mind and intellect, the fundamental question is who is the donor and who the recipient. Here, the organ represents the individual not the insensate body that will house the organ. If, the brain of A is transplanted into the body of B, does B now assume A's identity? Does B's family, property and other worldly possessions now belong to A? And what of A's family, property? 'Is it right for a person who has led a ... righteous life to have the mind of ...a criminal foisted upon him?'[12] What will be the criteria for the selection of the person owning the brain to be transplanted and those for the body that will receive it?
Whole brain transplants will also face considerable opposition from the theologians.[16],[12] The very idea of transplantation of the mind and soul (if we accept the belief of many scientists that the soul resides in the brain) of one person into the body of another is anathema to them. Even if you do feel that the soul resides elsewhere in the body, there are major obstacles, at least in the Zoroastrian faith. 'It is not only unethical but also against the cosmic laws of nature to try and interfere fundamentally with the soul of a person by giving him a mind which is different from the one he was born with... A brain transplant would result in a soul developing a mixed identity.'[12] Scientists may find themselves out of their depths here. How does one identify the soul? How does one ascertain the identity (leave alone a mixed identity) of the soul?
» Prime requisites for the establishment of neural transplants in humans in India
1. Cultivation of a sense of morality in the medical profession.
2. Carefully and painstakingly evolved legislation on neural transplants. Such legislation should cover criteria for the selection of the recipient (including the establishment of computerised state and national registers and criteria on which priority of selection of the recipient must be based), criteria for selection of the donor, consent to be given by the donor or his family, basis for the computation of costs of transplantation and criteria for the recognition of centres for such surgery.
3. Where a live donor is involved, ample checks should be built in to ensure that he undergoes no harm as a consequence of his donation.
4. A well-established mechanism for checking the working of transplant centres within a given state or the country at large. Ordinarily this task could have been delegated to the medical councils but their track record does not justify faith in their ability to do justice to such a task.
5. Means for the dispensation of swift justice in case of malpractice.
6. Periodic state or national conferences where the results of each transplant (including detailed and well-documented follow-up findings) are reviewed and analysed.
» Relevance of neural transplant programs in poor countries such as India
The ethics of massive expenditure on transplant programs in a country where measures to prevent disease and malnutrition are inadequate must also be addressed. As Dr. S. Mukherjee put it, 'In our country we do not immunize all our children, we do not give full meals to all our people and we do not provide clean drinking water for all our people. These are the real problems, while we are sitting in an air-conditioned room and talking about transplants which cost crores of rupees.[18]
It is also important to ensure that transplant programs are not carried out merely in an attempt at medical adventurism. Callahan's cautionary note is relevant: 'I have before my mind's eye a future health care system that seeks not constantly to conquer all disease and extend all life but which seeks instead to enhance the quality of life; which seeks not always to overcome the failings and decline of the body but which helps people better accept and cope with them; which tries to keep in view that health is a means to a decent life, not a value in its own right.'[19]
These difficulties notwithstanding, a case can be made for the development of the technology for successful transplantation at a few, very carefully planned and strategically located centres in India (perhaps one each for the north, east, south and west of the country) after the value of such transplants has been unequivocally established internationally. It may become necessary for the rich to subsidise transplants for the poor in order to ensure that the facilities are intended for all those absolutely in need and not only for those who have the money for the procedure.
We must, at the same time, acknowledge the beguiling, almost insuperable temptations that this very expensive kind of surgery will spawn. The sums involved make it unlikely that doctors will remain content with the establishment of a single transplant centre in each geographical region. The greed for lucre, power and political influence will force decisions on grounds other than logic and rationality. We have, unfortunately, far too many examples of such practices in the setting up of private medical colleges and centres housing very expensive tools for investigation, to give but two examples.
This essay has dealt with just a few aspects of ethics in the clinical neurosciences. There are many other subjects deserving discussion and debate: ethics in neuroscientific research, patients with HIV infection and those with AIDS, patients in a persistent vegetative state, euthanasia…
It is also relevant to rephrase Pilate's query and ask 'What is ethics?' for ethical norms undergo changes based on geography, culture, current terms of reference and social norms. Abortion was bitterly condemned and abortionists convicted of criminal action the world over till factors such as overpopulation compelled countries such as India to legalise the sacrifice of the unborn child.
Some ethical principles are likely to prevail but others may give way. Our discussion must, therefore, be considered only as part of a continuing series. Our conclusions must provide room for change when needed.
Even given unanimity on ethical principles and effective legislation, can we enforce practice based on them? Present experience in India does not justify optimism.
Dr. Eustace J. deSouza kindly gifted me a copy of the thought provoking book on the subject of brain transplantation from which I have drawn freely.
1. Gelfand M. Philosophy and ethics of medicine. Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone Ltd; 1968.
2. Amnesty International. Ethical codes and declarations relevant to the health professions. 2nd edn. London: Amnesty International; 1985.
3. Mehta PM. The oath of initiation. The Çaraka Samhita. Jamnagar, India: Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society. 1949. Vol. 1. pp. 162-4.
4. Vas CJ, deSouza EJ, editors. Brain transplantation. Ethical concerns. Report of a consultation workshop. Bombay: F.I.A.M.C. Bio-medical Ethics Centre. 1989.
5. Anand Lt. Col. A. C. Discussion. In: Pande GK, Patnaik PK, Gupta S, Sahni P (Compilers): Brain death and organ transplantation in India. Proceedings of a workshop held at Calcutta on 10 June 1990. New Delhi: The National Medical Journal of India; 1990.
6. Pandya SK. Hindu philosophy on pain: an outline. Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplement 1987;38:136-46.
7. Bhagwat Sinh Jee. Aryan medical science - a short history. Delhi: Rare Reprints; 1981. pp. 179.
8. Crowe AJ, Fortes-Mayer KD, Horner JS, Macara AW, McKechnie S, Wilks M. Philosophy & practice of medical ethics. London: British Medical Association; 1988.
9. Settur S. Pursuing death. Karnatak University, Dharwad: Institute of Indian Art History: 1990.
10. Nundy S. Ethical problems in organ transplantation. In: Pande GK, Patnaik PK, Gupta S, Sahni P (Compilers). Brain death and organ transplantation in India. Proceedings of a workshop held at Calcutta on 10 June 1990. New Delhi: The National Medical Journal of India; 1990.
11. Vas CJ. Definition of brain death and consequences of recognizing brain death. In: Pande GK, Patnaik PK, Gupta S, Sahni P (Compilers): Brain death and organ transplantation in India. Proceedings of a workshop held at Calcutta on 10 June 1990. New Delhi: The National Medical Journal of India; 1990. pp. 3-8.
12. Bharucha JB. Religious perspectives. In: Vas CJ, deSouza EJ, editors. Brain transplantation. Ethical concerns. Report of a consultation workshop. Bombay: F.I.A.M.C. Bio-medical Ethics Centre; 1989.
13. Mazumdar Guha. Discussion. In: Pande GK, Patnaik PK, Gupta S, Sahni P (Compilers). Brain death and organ transplantation in India. Proceedings of a workshop held at Calcutta on 10 June 1990. New Delhi: The National Medical Journal of India; 1990.
14. Sethi NK, Sethi PK. Brain death: implications in India. JAPI J Assoc Physicians India 2003;51:910-1.
15. Andrews K. The ethics of human brain transplantation. In: Vas CJ, deSouza EJ, editors. Brain transplantation. Ethical concerns. Report of a consultation workshop. Bombay: FIAMC Bio-medical Ethics Centre; 1989.
16. Cordeiro AF. Religious perspectives. In: Vas CJ, deSouza EJ, editors. Brain transplantation. Ethical concerns. Report of a consultation workshop. Bombay: FIAMC Bio-medical Ethics Centre; 1989.
17. Tandon PN. Neural transplants: current status. In: Vas CJ, deSouza EJ, editors. Brain transplantation. Ethical concerns. Report of a consultation workshop. Bombay: FIAMC Bio-medical Ethics Centre; 1989.
18. Mukherji S. Discussion In: Nundy S. Ethical problems in organ transplantation. In: Pande GK, Patnaik PK, Gupta S, Sahni P (Compilers). Brain death and organ transplantation in India. Proceedings of a workshop held at Calcutta on 10 June 1990. New Delhi: The National Medical Journal of India; 1990.
19. Callahan D. What kind of life: the limits of medical progress. Simon and Schuster, New York: 1990. pp. 318.
Site Map | Home | Contact Us | Advertise With Us | Feedback | Copyright and Disclaimer
Online since 20th March '04


A full 6 foot L x 2 foot W folding exercise mat filled with 1 Inch thick resilient foam and covered ..
Pre-Cut Gym Floor Cover - 18 oz.
Pre-Cut Gym Floor Cover - 22 oz.
Combines the Soft Cushion of Polyfoam with the Firm Inchno bottoming Inch Trait of Polyethylene!Per..
A 4 foot L x 2 foot W non-folding mat filled with 1" thick resilient foam and covered with dur..
Adjustable 8 coil premium boardFIG ApprovedMeets USAG, NCAA, NFHS and AAU competition specifications..


How to fund your 3 mths overseas retirement?
The SHC Retirement evaluation trip to Chiangmai 22-29 Mar 2018 has triggered questions on how to fund the 3 mths overseas retirement, without digging into personal savings.
Besides discussion in the CM retirement evaluation trip, we are now planning a one day activity to hear from experts in realestate.
Bobby Bok is in the realestate business, and I have invited him to lead in discussions on "how to fund a 3 mth overseas retirement program". Bobby is an active SilverHairsClub member, and is known to many members in the Club.
During this same activity, we shall also discuss CPF life monthly payout. Together with Jassmine Teo, the topic on CPF life payout will be discussed further.
Venue, date and time have not be decided. If you are interested, please indicate your interest here. Seats limited. Strictly for SilverHairsClub members only.


text:
Editorial: Data mining gets personal
Bill McGuire (bill.mcguire@theguardian.pe.ca)
Published: Nov 09, 2018 at 6 a.m.
Statistics Canada wants to take a look at your banking information. — 123RF Stock Photo
It's never a good sign when the federal privacy commissioner announces he's launching a formal investigation.
It's more alarming when that inquiry is targeting Statistics Canada.
Why? Because the national data-gathering agency wants to delve into the personal banking records of Canadians to satisfy federal curiosity about consumer trends and spending habits.
Statistics Canada claims it has the legal authority to gather such information, without informing or consulting Canadians.
That's a double invasion of our privacy.
The federal plan would compel banks to hand over records so that Statistics Canada can track how and where Canadians spend their money. It seems traditional data-gathering methods are longer adequate for measuring Canada's economy and social changes.
Statistics Canada sent letters to financial institutions, ordering them to provide customers' banking details, such as social insurance numbers, phone records, credit bureau reports and electricity bills. But the plan goes beyond that. It means the government will know if we buy a morning coffee at Tim Hortons, if we shop for Atlantic salmon at Sobeys on the way home from work and if we prefer Domino's over Pizza Delight for a late-night snack.
Of course, we are assured that there will be the highest levels of privacy and confidentiality. Well, Ottawa can't even pay its own public servants without getting into a gigantic payroll mess. And last year the federal government paid $17.5 million to settle a class-action lawsuit over a privacy breach involving more than 580,000 student loan applications.
How long will it be before the first hacker breaks into the Statistics Canada computers? High-tech and social media giants routinely have their cybersecurity breached, so why should databanks in our federal system be immune?
The original Statistics Canada demand is for the records of 500,000 Canadians, starting in January. It's safe to assume 10 per cent or more will live in Atlantic Canada. A new sample will be chosen every year, so the database will quickly grow into the millions.
Somewhere in Ottawa, alarm bells should be ringing. If the federal privacy commissioner is concerned enough to launch a full probe, it's time to rethink this scheme. Ottawa should look at bringing back the long-form census questionnaire as a better means of obtaining the financial information Statistics Canada needs.
Atlantic Canadians have a message for Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Statistics Canada — butt out of our banking information and leave us with some privacy.
Statistics Canada can glean enough information elsewhere, without providing bureaucrats or politicians or whomever the chance to delve into our financial data. Accessing our private banking information is an easy, lazy way out.
Statistics Canada announced late Thursday that their plan is on hold until the privacy commissioner completes his investigation. Hopefully, that investigation will put a quick end to this attempted foray by federal snoops.
This scheme goes way over the line.
More Editorials stories
EDITORIAL: Hope it doesn't spread
Published Feb 08, 2019 at 6 a.m.
EDITORIAL: Electoral homework
Updated Feb 22, 2019 at 1:25 p.m.
EDITORIAL: Heartless U.S. policy bans humanitarian aid to migrants
Updated Jan 22, 2019 at 7:24 a.m.
EDITORIAL: Liberal sleight of hand
Updated Feb 21, 2019 at 10:49 a.m.
EDITORIAL: Tighten the reins
EDITORIAL: Is there a doctor in the house?
Updated Jan 29, 2019 at 12:15 p.m.
EDITORIAL: Patrolling for propaganda
EDITORIAL: Problems of the .00000001 per cent
Updated Feb 05, 2019 at 9:10 a.m.


text:
[Translate to English:] Kunstsammlungen der Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Campusmuseum
© Frank Vinken
Art collections of the RUB
Only available in Bochum: An art collection on the university camp
Everyone who studied at the Ruhr University Bochum, also fondly called RUB, knows: High calibre European and American art from the post-war years is gathered here in the middle of the campus and this is unique in Germany. It blends modestly into university life, located directly below the university library, opposite the campus's largest lecture theatre. But the art collection of the Ruhr University Bochum really doesn't have to hide: You can see around 1,000 works in changing collections and exhibitions, ranging from works by Frank Stellas to works by Alberto Giacometti, Richard Serra or photographs by Bernd and Hilla Becher and Andreas Gursky as well as works by Gerhard Richter and Bruce Nauman.
Museum art on the campus of the Ruhr University
The F.A.Z. critic Albert Schulze Vellinghausen set a condition in 1967, two years after establishment of the RUB: Set up a museum on the campus and I will entrust the university my collection of European and American art. And that's how it happened. The art collection has grown in the meantime. Significant works have been added through a donation by the gallery owner Alexander von Berswordt-Wallrabe. Since 1990, this can be seen in the Situation Kunst (for Max Imdahl), located in the park of Haus Weitmar. The pavilions were even designed especially for the artworks! And so, a comprehensive presentation of high calibre modern and contemporary art and Asian sculptures, ceramics and Thangkas opened up.
Discover modern and contemporary works in three very special places in Bochum
The collection on campus stands alone. Embedded in the 1960s concrete brutalism, you have the possibility of an art experience which is unique in Germany. A tip: Combine the museum visit with lunch in the cafeteria. From there you have a wonderful view of the Ruhr valley, but will also meet some of the works by media artist Ferdinand Kriwet. In addition to the pavilions in the park of Haus Weitmar, the so-called cube has also been part of the exhibition space of the Ruhr University's art collections since 2010. It rises from the ruins of Haus Weitmar, which was destroyed during the Second World War and is a place for temporary exhibitions and events of all kinds. In this park, you will quickly feel how art, architecture and nature relate to each other. And on top of that, or rather underneath, the Ruhr University has been rewarded with another museum to mark its 50th birthday: The Underground Museum offers an additional 1,350 square metres of underground exhibition space.
Ruhr University Bochum
Universitätsstraße 150
Information about opening hours and entrance fees can be found on the website of the Ruhr University Bochum.
The Art collection of the Ruhr-University is a member of the RuhrKunstMuseen.


Colly Brook Fine Furnishings Ltd offer all of the materials and components you need to make your own curtains, make your own blinds and other soft furnishings by mail order. Popular searches are: Trimmings and Tiebacks, Pompom trims, curtain tracks and poles. We stock Guterman Sew-all 100m reels and a wide range of tools and haberdashery.