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text:
Home / 92.3 The Fan / Sports / Cleveland Browns / Browns sign picks Harrison Bryant, Donovan Peoples-Jones
Browns sign picks Harrison Bryant, Donovan Peoples-Jones
By Daryl Ruiter 92.3 The Fan
May 20, 2020 05/20/2020 9:15 pm
CLEVELAND, Ohio (92.3 The Fan) – The Browns signed a pair of their draft picks to four-year rookie contracts Wednesday.
Tight end Harrison Bryant and receiver Donovan Peoples-Jones are the first members of the class to put pen to paper the team announced.
Bryant was selected 115th overall in the fourth round out of Florida Atlantic and Peoples-Jones was a sixth rounder taken 187th overall out of Michigan.
Bryant became the first from a non-power five conference to win the John Mackey Award as college football's top tight end in 2019 after topping 1,000 yards receiving for Florida Atlantic University last season by catching 65 passes. He was a unanimous All-American and was voted first-team by AFCA, the Associated Press, FWAA, Sporting News and Walter Camp.
Peoples-Jones started 26 of the 37 games he appeared in at Michigan where he totaled 2,123 all-purpose yards and 16 touchdowns, two of those were punt returns for score. He had 28 plays of over 20 yards in his three-year college career.
Jason Lloyd: The Latest news on Kevin Porter Jr and the Cavaliers
Larry Fitzgerald sells mansion for $18 million, third most expensive sale in Arizona history: report
Trump's farewell speech: 'We restored the idea that in America, no one is forgotten'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Dates and timezones in Hive I am struggling to understand how Hive deals with dates and timezones:
select item_id, cal_dt from ds where item_id = 7208582515 and cal_dt='2019-02-11';
7208582515      2019-02-10

I know it has to be a timezone issue. It's 11 pm PDT right now (same as the Hadoop cluster time, I think) but Hive (1.2) is running on a node without any timezone (UTC).
Previously, I had a bigger issue where a query with this condition:
next_dt = date_add(cal_dt,1)

It didn't work on the clock change dates. I think that was because my TZ was set to America/Los_Angeles so I unset it.
I don't know what's going on. I didn't expect dates to be affected by the timezone. What's the right thing to do?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Br. James Ballmann Celebrating 50th Anniversary
Congratulations to Br. Benjamin Basile, C.PP.S., who this year is celebrating the 50th anniversary of his profession as a religious brother. Br. James, a native of Dayton, entered the Society in 1962 and was professed on August 15, 1969.
After his profession, Br. James ministered at St. Charles Seminary, Carthagena, Ohio, and at Saint Joseph's College, Rensselaer, Ind. From 1978 to 1984 he made his home at the Sorrowful Mother Shrine in Bellevue, Ohio, where he performed maintenance and many other tasks.
In 1984, Br. James moved to Calumet College of St. Joseph in Whiting, Ind., where he has taken on many roles, including working in the business office, administering the payroll for the college, facilities director and director of computer services. He is currently database administrator and adjunct instructor for the Computer Information Systems program. He has also served as the local director for the C.PP.S. house and is currently the local treasurer for the C.PP.S. house. He is also active at the YMCA in Whiting, where he teaches lifeguarding and swimming classes.
The Missionaries of the Precious Blood will celebrate Br. James' anniversary in addition to the milestone anniversaries of eight other priests and brothers in a Mass marking the feast of the Precious Blood on July 1 at the St. Charles Center.
"We're inspired by the lives of service of these men. They said yes to God through their vocation to religious life many years ago, and continue to say yes to this day," said Fr. Jeffrey Kirch, C.PP.S., provincial director of the Cincinnati Province of the Missionaries of the Precious Blood. "May God bless them with many more years in which to live out that call."
The Missionaries of the Precious Blood is a religious society of priests, brothers, and lay associates founded in 1815 by St. Gaspar del Bufalo. Society members work as missionaries in parishes in the U.S. and abroad, in education, and in a wide range of apostolates promoting the cause of God's reconciliation worldwide by proclaiming the Word.


Dore Club, Sheffield - History of the club.
Some of the history was documented by Albert Belk, a former Chairman and President, at the time he was writing to fellow members in 1972 putting forward a proposition for the members to purchase the club. Other elements of the history of Dore Club have come from current members, some of whom have been members for the last 60 years.
After the First World War our present building, then a barn was taken over by a group of local men who formed a British Legion Club, the club was then licensed and operated as a British Legion Club, affiliated to the main body. I believe the year was 1922. The Club premises then belonged to a local Storekeeper a Mr. Thomas Marshall who gave the Club a tenancy and this continued as a local Legion Club until and during the Second World War.
After the Second World War the Members of the Club who were predominantly ex-servicemen decreased and in 1948 the Club, as a British Legion Club ceased to operate as such for reasons which concerned the British Legion constitution.
On cessation a few of the Members of the old Club decided to form a private Club so as to continue what was considered to be an amenity to the village, they formed the Dore Club which commenced forthwith as the old British Legion ceased to exist.
That was the commencement of the present Club in 1950, the amenities of which you now enjoy. The premises were rented from Mrs. Marshall, the widow of the original landlord, until she died around 1952, when the property was sold by Executors to the Hope and Anchor Brewery Co. Ltd. who became the new landlords of the Club.
The original steward of the club was Messrs S Taylor ably assisted by his son E Taylor, they continued together until the death of Shirley Taylor in the winter of 1952, his son carried on as steward until the summer of 1953. Bill Marshall who took up the position for the next 3 years followed him as steward, for many years after this he assisted in staffing the bar on regular occasions.
The property was sold in 1953 and although the original lease held by the members included an option to purchase this was not taken up for financial reasons. It was in this year ' Coronation Year ' that Albert Belk presented a Souvenir Coronation Teaspoon to all members children under the age of 15.
Some time later the Hope and Anchor Brewery Co. Ltd. were taken over by the Bass Charrington Group who subsequently issued a new lease to Dore Club to expire in 1975.
It was in 1956 that Chris Fearnehough became the Steward of the Club being asked by Albert Belk to take on the duties of Stewardship. Chris served as Steward for 43 years eventually standing down when Mick Naylor took over. In 2000.
At the AGM of March 1958 it was proposed, seconded and carried that any member found to leave his car in such a manner in the car park so as to obstruct the passage of others, he would be fined 1 shilling, to be put in the charity box ( at that time Fairthorn Homes ). I propose to inspect the car park at regular intervals and suggest that the fine now be £1 !!
During 1972 Bass Charrington notified the Members of Dore Club Committee that they would not be willing to renew the lease for the premises it was presumed at the time that the premises were surplus to requirement and would be sold to the highest bidder.
To Quit on the Club for reasons of demolition and reconstruction, we shall have no right to object and the position would be that Dore Club would cease to exist"
Faced with the unsavory thought of losing the Club the then Committee entered into negotiations with the Brewery, in fact they had made an approach somewhat unsuccessfully 2 years before. At this point progress was made with the Brewery agreeing to sell the property to Dore Club resulting in a firm of Surveyors and Valuers representing the Club meeting with a valuer representing Bass Charrington. The two respective values were somewhat different with one valuing the property as a Social Club the other viewing it as potential residential development land in Dore. A price to purchase was eventually agreed, £8,000, with Jim Bennett and Derek Fry representing the club.
To try and secure sufficient financial backing from Members and Bank to enable the Members to purchase the property.
To ask the Brewery to lend the shortfall accepting whatever ties accompanied the loan and providing acceptable Guarantors.
Sufficient money was raised and the Club was subsequently purchased from the Brewery.
In 1966 D Milne took over as Chairman of the Club with Albert Belk remaining President until he passed away on 19th December 1975 having given many years service to Dore Club. D Milne served as Chairman until April 1975 when John Booth was elected as chairman, as many members know John carried on in this role until April 1998, after 23 years he chose to retire partly due to ill health. At the AGM of 1998 Allen Bentley took over as Chairman of the Dore Club with John Booth as President. John served in that roll until he passed away in 2005. In April 2006 Allen Bentley resigned as chairman to take up the position of President, Sean Collins was elected Chairman. In 2008 Nick Hensby was elected Chairman.
Details of the Club AGM are documented well, dating back to the inaugural meeting on 26th July 1950. The records do show that past meetings were attended well with varying topics of discussion. One particular topic being the concern over extended snooker games, this was discussed heartily for several years before the decision was made to install a pay clock at the AGM of 1984.
A further financial challenge presented itself to the management committee of the club during the early nineties, the roof had reached a state of disrepair such that it needed replacing. Funding the project was a problem but with donations and loans received from members along with monies generated from profits sufficient funds were realised and indeed a new roof became a reality in 1994.
In 2016 the clubs' outside store was rebuilt, (before it fell down) adding a new pitched roof, access to the main building, and doubling the size of our club. At the same time a new beer cellar was built & the bar was refurbished.
The club has a legal membership ceiling of 200, we have 135 members as of today and I look forward to having a full membership and a waiting list as we did in the late Eighties.


text:
Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis
Gaetano Ciancio, Juan F. Julian, Luis Fernandez, Joshua Miller, George W Burke
Background. Complete venous thrombosis of the pancreas after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation usually results in graft loss. We describe a technique that allows salvage of the graft after complete venous thrombosis. Methods. A total of 150 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/end stage renal disease underwent SPK over the past decade at the University of Miami. Of these, three patients developed complete venous thrombosis after induction therapy with anti-interleukin-2R antibody and i.v. tacrolimus. These three patients underwent surgical thrombectomy followed by heparinization and oral anticoagulation. The splenic vein was opened distally at the tall of the pancreas and the superior mesenteric vein at the level of the mesentery or head of the pancreas. Thrombectomy was performed with a Fogarty catheter. The portal anastomosis was not opened or manipulated. The arterial 'Y' graft was not clamped and the right iliac vein was controlled proximally with a double wrapped vessel-loop to contain possible thrombus. In one patient, the partially thrombosed splenic artery was opened at the tail of the pancreas and thrombectomy was performed in the same fashion. There were no apparent technical problems. A pancreatic biopsy was not performed, nor was acute rejection treated empirically. Results. Intraoperative and serial Doppler ultra-sound showed good flow through the allograft. In all three patients the exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas was preserved with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Conclusions. The described surgical thrombectomy followed by systemic anticoagulation may be useful in the salvage of the allograft pancreas in case of complete venous thrombosis.
Thrombectomy
Splenic Vein
Iliac Vein
Splenic Artery
Mesenteric Veins
Pancreas Transplantation
Mesentery
Ciancio, G., Julian, J. F., Fernandez, L., Miller, J., & Burke, G. W. (2000). Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis. Transplantation, 70(1), 126-131.
Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis. / Ciancio, Gaetano; Julian, Juan F.; Fernandez, Luis; Miller, Joshua; Burke, George W.
In: Transplantation, Vol. 70, No. 1, 15.07.2000, p. 126-131.
Ciancio, G, Julian, JF, Fernandez, L, Miller, J & Burke, GW 2000, 'Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis', Transplantation, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 126-131.
Ciancio G, Julian JF, Fernandez L, Miller J, Burke GW. Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis. Transplantation. 2000 Jul 15;70(1):126-131.
Ciancio, Gaetano ; Julian, Juan F. ; Fernandez, Luis ; Miller, Joshua ; Burke, George W. / Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis. In: Transplantation. 2000 ; Vol. 70, No. 1. pp. 126-131.
@article{854509dbd61a47e0bd2f6267cae5c9b1,
title = "Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis",
abstract = "Background. Complete venous thrombosis of the pancreas after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation usually results in graft loss. We describe a technique that allows salvage of the graft after complete venous thrombosis. Methods. A total of 150 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/end stage renal disease underwent SPK over the past decade at the University of Miami. Of these, three patients developed complete venous thrombosis after induction therapy with anti-interleukin-2R antibody and i.v. tacrolimus. These three patients underwent surgical thrombectomy followed by heparinization and oral anticoagulation. The splenic vein was opened distally at the tall of the pancreas and the superior mesenteric vein at the level of the mesentery or head of the pancreas. Thrombectomy was performed with a Fogarty catheter. The portal anastomosis was not opened or manipulated. The arterial 'Y' graft was not clamped and the right iliac vein was controlled proximally with a double wrapped vessel-loop to contain possible thrombus. In one patient, the partially thrombosed splenic artery was opened at the tail of the pancreas and thrombectomy was performed in the same fashion. There were no apparent technical problems. A pancreatic biopsy was not performed, nor was acute rejection treated empirically. Results. Intraoperative and serial Doppler ultra-sound showed good flow through the allograft. In all three patients the exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas was preserved with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Conclusions. The described surgical thrombectomy followed by systemic anticoagulation may be useful in the salvage of the allograft pancreas in case of complete venous thrombosis.",
author = "Gaetano Ciancio and Julian, {Juan F.} and Luis Fernandez and Joshua Miller and Burke, {George W}",
journal = "Transplantation",
T1 - Successful surgical salvage of pancreas allografts after complete venous thrombosis
AU - Ciancio, Gaetano
AU - Julian, Juan F.
AU - Fernandez, Luis
AU - Miller, Joshua
AU - Burke, George W
N2 - Background. Complete venous thrombosis of the pancreas after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation usually results in graft loss. We describe a technique that allows salvage of the graft after complete venous thrombosis. Methods. A total of 150 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/end stage renal disease underwent SPK over the past decade at the University of Miami. Of these, three patients developed complete venous thrombosis after induction therapy with anti-interleukin-2R antibody and i.v. tacrolimus. These three patients underwent surgical thrombectomy followed by heparinization and oral anticoagulation. The splenic vein was opened distally at the tall of the pancreas and the superior mesenteric vein at the level of the mesentery or head of the pancreas. Thrombectomy was performed with a Fogarty catheter. The portal anastomosis was not opened or manipulated. The arterial 'Y' graft was not clamped and the right iliac vein was controlled proximally with a double wrapped vessel-loop to contain possible thrombus. In one patient, the partially thrombosed splenic artery was opened at the tail of the pancreas and thrombectomy was performed in the same fashion. There were no apparent technical problems. A pancreatic biopsy was not performed, nor was acute rejection treated empirically. Results. Intraoperative and serial Doppler ultra-sound showed good flow through the allograft. In all three patients the exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas was preserved with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Conclusions. The described surgical thrombectomy followed by systemic anticoagulation may be useful in the salvage of the allograft pancreas in case of complete venous thrombosis.
AB - Background. Complete venous thrombosis of the pancreas after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation usually results in graft loss. We describe a technique that allows salvage of the graft after complete venous thrombosis. Methods. A total of 150 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/end stage renal disease underwent SPK over the past decade at the University of Miami. Of these, three patients developed complete venous thrombosis after induction therapy with anti-interleukin-2R antibody and i.v. tacrolimus. These three patients underwent surgical thrombectomy followed by heparinization and oral anticoagulation. The splenic vein was opened distally at the tall of the pancreas and the superior mesenteric vein at the level of the mesentery or head of the pancreas. Thrombectomy was performed with a Fogarty catheter. The portal anastomosis was not opened or manipulated. The arterial 'Y' graft was not clamped and the right iliac vein was controlled proximally with a double wrapped vessel-loop to contain possible thrombus. In one patient, the partially thrombosed splenic artery was opened at the tail of the pancreas and thrombectomy was performed in the same fashion. There were no apparent technical problems. A pancreatic biopsy was not performed, nor was acute rejection treated empirically. Results. Intraoperative and serial Doppler ultra-sound showed good flow through the allograft. In all three patients the exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas was preserved with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Conclusions. The described surgical thrombectomy followed by systemic anticoagulation may be useful in the salvage of the allograft pancreas in case of complete venous thrombosis.
JO - Transplantation
JF - Transplantation


text:
Why the former Jilly's is an architectural showstopper
By Joseph HallNews reporter
Fri., March 10, 2017timer3 min. read
updateArticle was updated Mar. 11, 2017
From fleabag strip joint to boutique hotspot, the 58-room Broadview Hotel is nearing the end of a $24-million transformation.
But even before it's fully finished, sometime this spring, the east-end landmark's revamp is already drawing architectural praise, recently winning the Lieutenant-Governor's Ontario Heritage Award for Excellence in Conservation. Here's a look at some of the award-winning restorations at the corner of Queen St. E. and Broadview:
Tower Touches
The rounded, vertical corner, with its curved, elongated bricks, would have been — in 1891 — an advertisement for the prowess of their Toronto-area brickmaker, says architect Andrew Pruss. Many segments of the hotel's brickwork were crumbling and had to be repaired, or replaced with bricks salvaged from other parts of the building.
A principal with ERA Architects, Pruss says the windows — the bulk of them broken or missing outright — all had to be replaced, as did the rotting wooden sills below them. Prepainted steel sills took their place, their shape based on 1950s pictures of the hotel.
The grey lintels above were likely carved out of Credit Valley sandstone, which was so popular in the Victorian period that it was all but quarried out early last century.
Grade Level Upgrades
The Roman arches at the tower's base emphasize its weight and provide space for the street-level widow arrays.
Pruss says the original building would have had posts running up the lower segment of each arch with rectangular windows on either side. Over time, the posts were removed and larger, single-window sets were installed. The restoration team chose to stick with the larger versions to provide better sidewalk views for patrons of the new restaurant they'll front.
The porthole windows above had been filled in and topped with Jilly's strip-club signage decades ago.
All are a slightly different size, and panes for each had to be custom cut for the restorations. The glass was manufactured in Quebec by Vaughan-based Ridley Windows & Doors Inc.
Fanciful Features
This terracotta relief sculpture is, like the other decorative panels on the building, an original work that would have been specially carved and fired for the builders by artisans at the Toronto Pressed Brick Co., which was based in Milton.
The symbolism of the two faces has been lost to time. But Pruss believes they may represent youth and maturity. "We don't really know the iconography for sure, but that's kind of my interpretation."
The sculptures were fairly well preserved, though filthy with grime. But because terracotta is relatively soft material, hot water alone was mostly used to clean them. Some soiling was left to help highlight the depth of the design and their age.
They are also better sheltered now by new cornices above, which were added to replace the originals that had decayed away.
Topping Things Off
The tower's pyramid roof was in terrible condition. Parts of its supporting wood had rotted away as water seeped in through the cheap asphalt shingles that had covered it for decades.
All the underlying timber was replaced and slate tiling — like that topping off the original 125 years ago — was installed.
The cornice that foots the roof was replaced in lead-coated copper, which is more durable than steel and will turn the desired grey.
The slate and the lead-copper combo each have life spans of 75 to 100 years.
West Wind?
Like the other terracotta flourishes on the building — which originally housed offices — the symbolism of this windy fellow is unknown.
"Probably somebody who knows their iconography might come along and say 'oh well, clearly that is the west wind,' " Pruss says. "I'm not really sure myself."
What is certain is that all the building's panels will be bathed in subtle LED lighting to highlight them at night. The lighting "just grazes the surface, but is very dramatic on them. The faces really pop from them."
Strategically and unobtrusively mounted on the building's new sills and cornices, the small lights will also highlight the archways and other features of the revamped facade.


text:
Pride of Indy
Artistic Directors & Board
990-N Form
Text Reminders
LGBTQ is an acronym.
It is meant to encompass a whole bunch of diverse sexualities and genders. People often refer to the Q (Queer) as an umbrella term, under which a lot of other identities live. This is helpful because lesbian, gay and bisexual are not the only marginalized sexualities and transgender is not the only gender identity.
Pride of Indy Bands, Inc. serves as a musical and educational resource to the Central Indiana community.
We are comprised of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, & LGBT-friendly musicians, and we conduct our activities in a supportive, accepting, and affirming atmosphere.
In support of our affirming atmosphere, this page is provided as an educational resource about our community.
What do the letters stand for?
Women who are attracted to women.
Can be psychological, emotional, physical or sexual attraction.
Some famous lesbians:
Ellen Degeneres, Jane Lynch, Portia de Rossi, Rosie O'Donnell, Melissa Ethridge, Rachel Maddow, Wanda Sykes, Jodie Foster
Men who are attracted to men. Can be psychological, emotional, physical or sexual attraction.
Gay is sometimes used to include both men and women, but it is most often used to refer to men.
Some famous gay men:
Neil Patrick Harris, Lance Bass, Adam Lambert, Elton John, Jim Parsons, Ian McKellan, Matthew Bomer
Someone who is attracted to both women and men identified people. Can be psychological, emotional, physical or sexual attraction.
Some famous bisexuals:
Angelina Jolie, James Dean, Lady Gaga, Freddy Mercury, Margaret Cho, Drew Barrymore
Those who don't identify as cis-gender. An umbrella term for those whose gender identity and/or expression does not conform to the characteristics traditionally associated with their bio sex.
There are many things you should know about trans people. To find out more, please click HERE.
Some famous trans people:
Laverne Cox, Chaz Bono, Caitlyn Jenner, Alexis Arquette
Additional Terms:
Asexual: A person who experiences little to no sexual attraction to any gender. A sexual orientation that lacks sexual attraction. Unlike celibacy, which is a choice, asexuality is a sexual orientation. Does no mean they don't have romantic feelings towards other people.
Some famous asexuals: Janeane Garofalo, Paula Poundstone, Caitlyn Jenner, Edward Gorey
Pansexual: A person who feels physical, sexual, romantic or spiritual attraction for members of all gender identities and expressions. Different from bisexual which is attracted to TWO sexes or genders.
Some famous pansexuals: Miley Cyrus, Laci Green, Jazz Jennings
Two Spirit: A modern umbrella term used by some indigenous North Americans to describe certain spiritual people - gay, lesbian, bisexual and gender-variant individuals - in their communities.
Gender Queer: A person who does not subscribe to conventional gender distinctions but identifies with neither, both, or a combination of male and female genders. May take on traits that are typically associated with both genders.
New terms are arising often because of changes in social norms.
Never assume someone is a certain gender, sex, identity or orientation based on their looks.
If you don't feel comfortable asking, it's probably none of your business.


text:
"use strict";

Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
var environment_1 = require("./environment");
var jasmine_util_1 = require("./jasmine_util");
describe('jasmine_util.envSatisfiesConstraints', function () {
    it('ENV satisfies empty constraints', function () {
        var env = new environment_1.Environment({});
        env.setFlags({});
        var constraints = {};
        var backendName = 'test-backend';
        expect(jasmine_util_1.envSatisfiesConstraints(env, { name: 'test', backendName: backendName }, constraints))
            .toBe(true);
    });
    it('ENV satisfies matching flag constraints no predicate', function () {
        var env = new environment_1.Environment({});
        env.setFlags({ 'TEST-FLAG': true });
        var constraints = { flags: { 'TEST-FLAG': true } };
        var backendName = 'test-backend';
        expect(jasmine_util_1.envSatisfiesConstraints(env, { name: 'test', backendName: backendName }, constraints))
            .toBe(true);
    });
    it('ENV satisfies matching flag and predicate is true', function () {
        var env = new environment_1.Environment({});
        env.setFlags({ 'TEST-FLAG': true });
        var constraints = { flags: { 'TEST-FLAG': true }, predicate: function () { return true; } };
        var backendName = 'test-backend';
        expect(jasmine_util_1.envSatisfiesConstraints(env, { name: 'test', backendName: backendName }, constraints))
            .toBe(true);
    });
    it('ENV doesnt satisfy flags and predicate is true', function () {
        var env = new environment_1.Environment({});
        env.setFlags({ 'TEST-FLAG': true });
        var constraints = { flags: { 'TEST-FLAG': false }, predicate: function () { return true; } };
        var backendName = 'test-backend';
        expect(jasmine_util_1.envSatisfiesConstraints(env, { name: 'test', backendName: backendName }, constraints))
            .toBe(false);
    });
    it('ENV satisfies flags and predicate is false', function () {
        var env = new environment_1.Environment({});
        env.setFlags({ 'TEST-FLAG': true });
        var constraints = { flags: { 'TEST-FLAG': true }, predicate: function () { return false; } };
        var backendName = 'test-backend';
        expect(jasmine_util_1.envSatisfiesConstraints(env, { name: 'test', backendName: backendName }, constraints))
            .toBe(false);
    });
    it('ENV doesnt satiisfy flags and predicate is false', function () {
        var env = new environment_1.Environment({});
        env.setFlags({ 'TEST-FLAG': true });
        var constraints = { flags: { 'TEST-FLAG': false }, predicate: function () { return false; } };
        var backendName = 'test-backend';
        expect(jasmine_util_1.envSatisfiesConstraints(env, { name: 'test', backendName: backendName }, constraints))
            .toBe(false);
    });
});
describe('jasmine_util.parseKarmaFlags', function () {
    var registeredTestEnvs = [
        { name: 'test-env', backendName: 'test-backend', isDataSync: true, flags: {} }
    ];
    it('parse empty args', function () {
        var res = jasmine_util_1.parseTestEnvFromKarmaFlags([], registeredTestEnvs);
        expect(res).toBeNull();
    });
    it('--testEnv test-env --flags {"IS_NODE": true}', function () {
        var res = jasmine_util_1.parseTestEnvFromKarmaFlags(['--testEnv', 'test-env', '--flags', '{"IS_NODE": true}'], registeredTestEnvs);
        expect(res.name).toBe('test-env');
        expect(res.backendName).toBe('test-backend');
        expect(res.flags).toEqual({ IS_NODE: true });
    });
    it('"--testEnv unknown" throws error', function () {
        expect(function () { return jasmine_util_1.parseTestEnvFromKarmaFlags(['--testEnv', 'unknown'], registeredTestEnvs); })
            .toThrowError();
    });
    it('"--flags {}" throws error since --testEnv is missing', function () {
        expect(function () { return jasmine_util_1.parseTestEnvFromKarmaFlags(['--flags', '{}'], registeredTestEnvs); })
            .toThrowError();
    });
    it('"--testEnv cpu --flags" throws error since features value is missing', function () {
        expect(function () { return jasmine_util_1.parseTestEnvFromKarmaFlags(['--testEnv', 'test-env', '--flags'], registeredTestEnvs); })
            .toThrowError();
    });
    it('"--backend cpu --flags notJson" throws error', function () {
        expect(function () { return jasmine_util_1.parseTestEnvFromKarmaFlags(['--testEnv', 'test-env', '--flags', 'notJson'], registeredTestEnvs); })
            .toThrowError();
    });
});
//# sourceMappingURL=jasmine_util_test.js.map

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I think we did a fabulous job!
I watched each step trying to learn from Martha Effing Stewart… as we like to call Mistress Martha Effingham of Stewart's Kepe 🙂 and THL Esperanza.
The materials from which the gamurre were made varied according to class and purpose. Most likely, the predominant fabric used was wool, although Brown describes Ginevra de Benci as wearing a fine brown wool reflecting her modesty. In warmer climates and seasons it could also be made of silk damask, brocade or satin and embellished so that it was more appropriate for wearing alone even in more formal, public settings. There are references to several gamurre owned by Beatrice d'Este, which were made of wonderfully sumptuous fabrics, woven with metal threads and heavily embroidered, one with the Sforza device. According to Herald, in these cases, the gamurra was called a cotta, –although interestingly enough, Birbari uses the word gamurra in the translations of letters written by Beatrice to her sister, Isabella and her mother Leonora, in which these dresses are described. In Figure below, Beatrice d'Este wears a gamurra made of silk satin that is appliqued with liste or strips of contrasting color fabric. The sleeves were tied on, a style popular later in the century. It is decorated with aghetti, a term stemming from the word for the metal aglets sometimes adorning the ribbons, but eventually came to refer to the entire lace and not just the tip.
The gamurra was THE veste (dress) worn by all classes of the quattrocento (15th century) in many different colors, fabrics, and sleeve styles. Gamurre (plural) can be found in paintings by Ghirlandaio, Crivelli, Piero della Francesca, in the portraits of Ginevra Benci and Simonetta Vespucci, and iconography of the 15th century. The gamurra for the middle class was simple unlined wool in a dark color (brown, black, purple, red). For the upper classes they could be of any color fine fabric (including fine cotton!). They are open in front and/or on the sides and closed by rows of buttoni (buttons) or cordicelle con aghetti (silk cords with metal tips). The cords would be strung through ochielle (eyelets), or lacing rings, or on maiette (hooks). In many of the Carpaccio paintings that I have seen the gamurra has smooth laceless front ( e.g. under the v-neck cioppa in the center photo below). There are also Ghirlandaio paintings showing a smooth front gamurra.
The giornea and the cioppa were the sopravvesti (overdresses) of the late quattrocento and are found in varying styles across Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, the Veneto, and Lombardy. The giornea is a sleeveless, sideless surcoat found in Ghirlandio paintings. It is worn over the gamurra in a contrasting color. The cioppa has sides and attached sleeves, is worn over the gamurra as well, and can be found in Carpaccio paintings. Colors from portraits are green, gold, pink, red, brown, black, rust, orange, and blue.
"In warmer climates and seasons it could also be made of silk damask, brocade or satin and embellished so that it was more appropriate for wearing alone even in more formal, public settings… in these cases it was called a cotta" (Herald).
I'm starting with the basic shape I'll need to match the paintings. Using dress diary information from the talented historical costumers from Realm of Venus as well as dresses constructed by historical tailors (subject matter experts on 15th century dress) in the US and Italy I have started with a two panel version using mock up fabric to adjust as needed. This fabric will eventually serve as the pattern.
Women's basic scarpe (shoes), pianelle, were flat and made of cloth or soft leather. Inside the home they wore these slippers alone. To be lawful, if pianelle (to be worn outside) were not flat they could only be high enough to keep the top of the shoe out of the mud, but some reached heights of 50 centimeters.For those familiar with chopine, they are simply an especially tall type of pianelle. Zoccoli were used by both men and women to protect shoes from the mud and dirt of the streets. The resemble pattens, but only have one strap across the front in most depictions.
Facelle, Amanda. Sumptuary Law and Conspicuous Consumption in Renaissance Italy.
Frick, Carole Collier. Dressing Renaissance Florence: Families, Fortunes, and Fine Clothing.
Herald, Jacqueline. Renaissance Dress In Italy 1400-1500.
Pisetzky, Rosita Levi. Enciclopedia della moda: Storia del costume in Italia, vol. II.
That is a Stunning gown! It suits you perfectly and you wear it very much as clothing and not a costume, well done! That's what I always struggle with.


text:
Q: Actionscript: select and display the duplicated value from an array Please how can I get the duplicated value from an array ?
Ex:
Array [10,3,10,10]
display that we have 3 duplicated in location 1,3 and 4
Regards
I have tried this one :
 q = new Array();
                q = [A, B, C, D];

                qValue = function (array) {
                equal = array[0];
                for (j=0; j<array.length; j++) {
                if (array[j]===equal) {
                equal = array[j];
                }
                }
                return equal;
                };
                trace(qValue(q));

A: Something like this should work:
var array:Array = [1,2,3,4,3];

// create a dictionary and go through our array pulling out the keys
var dict:Dictionary = new Dictionary();
for each( var i:int in array )
{
    if( i in dict ) // checks if the number is already in our dict as a key
        dict[i]++;
    else
        dict[i] = 1;
}

// now go through our dictionary, finding the duplications
for( var key:* in dict )
{
    var num:int = dict[key];
    if( num == 1 )
        continue; // single value - ignore
    trace( "We have " + num + " occurrences of " + key );
}

Edit
To also have the locations (indicies) of the repeated values, use this instead:
var array:Array = [1,2,3,4,3];

// create a dictionary and go through our array, pulling out the values
var dict:Dictionary = new Dictionary();
var len:int         = array.length;
for( var i:int = 0; i < len; i++ )
{
    var val:int = array[i]; // get the value from the array
    if( !( val in dict ) )  // if it's not in our dictionary, create a new array
        dict[val] = [];
    dict[val].push( i );    // add the index of the value to the array
}

// now go through our dictionary, finding the duplications
for( var key:* in dict )
{
    var indicies:Array = dict[key];
    if( indicies.length <= 1 )
        continue; // single value - ignore
    trace( "The value " + key + " is repeated " + indicies.length + " times. Indicies: " + indicies );
}

Edit - AS2 no "if in"
Add the function:
function _getArray( obj:Object, val:Number ):Array
{
    // try and find the one already created
    for( var key:* in obj )
    {
        if( key == val )
            return obj[val];
    }

    // make a new one
    var a:Array = [];
    obj[val] = a;
    return a;
}

Your array loop should now read
for( var i:int = 0; i < len; i++ )
{
    var val:int = array[i]; // get the value from the array
    var occurrenceArray = _getArray( obj, val ); // obj = dict
    occurrenceArray.push( i ); //  add the index of the value to the array
}


text:
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42 results | All Horley Tours
London Airport Arrival Transfer (any Airport to any Hotel) - PRIVATE TRANSFER
Book your private transfer from any London Airport to any hotel or destination in London City, Excel London or Docklands. We take you directly to any hotel or street address in London City, Excel London or Docklands in one of our Cars or Minivans. What is included: - NO HIDDEN CHARGES - PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS - FREE CANCELLATION UP TO 24 HOURS BEFORE YOUR ARRIVAL - MEET&GREET SERVICE (Our driver will wait you in the arrivals hall with a sign with the lead passenger name) - TOLLS INCLUDED Benefit from our best offers today and book you transfer from London Heathrow Airport, London Gatwick Airport, London Stansted Airport, London Luton Airport, London City Airport to London.
London Gatwick Airport Arrival Transfer (Airport to London Hotel)
PRICE PER VEHICLE Book your private transfer from London Gatwick Airport to any hotel or destination in London City. We take you directly to any hotel or street address in Central London in one of our Cars or Minivans. What is included: - NO HIDDEN CHARGES - PROFESSIONAL DRIVERS - FREE CANCELLATION UP TO 24 HOURS BEFORE YOUR ARRIVAL - MEET&GREET SERVICE (Our driver will wait you in the arrivals hall with a sign with the lead passenger name) - TOLLS INCLUDED Benefit from our best offers today and book you transfer from London Gatwick Airport to London.
Gatwick Airport Transfer to London
A driver will meet you in the arrivals hall at your terminal within Gatwick Airport with your name written on a name board. Your luggage is loaded into an executive vehicle in which you are transported to Central London. The ride into London from Gatwick Airport takes approximately 1 hour 20 minutes, depending on traffic. You will be transferred to your hotel or designated drop off point in comfort and safety. Any flight delays will be checked prior to your arrival To ensure the driver is on time. By booking in advance it alleviates any stress upon arrival of looking for a taxi or private hire driver. Relax and enjoy the ride .
Private transfer from Gatwick airport to Heathrow airport
Professional Punctual, courteous and always helpful drivers. All our vehicles are luxury Mercedes-Benz No hidden costs - what you've been quoted is what you pay.
Private Arrival Transfer from Gatwick to your Hotel
Embark on a private transfer from Gatwick with a friendly and professional driver. Relax comfortably to Central London on a one-way transfer that is limited to 8 travelers. • Transfers operate 24 hours, 7 days a week • Comfortable ride to your destination. • Driver will also help you with your luggage. • Smart Drivers
Private transfers between London Gatwick - London City Airports
Do you need to travel between London Gatwick Airport and London City Airport for your next transit journey? We are here for you. Tourope UK is ready to arrange your private transfer service with our licenced, professional, experienced, caring drivers. Travelling from one point to another has never been easier or more comfortable. Thanks to our dedicated staff members, we are ready to connect you to your next trip. Whether you are a single person or a large group, our imposing fleet which includes prestigious saloon cars, minibuses, MPVs and buses are simply at your fingertips. Our priority is your safety and comfort. The price range differs according to your choice of car type, party size and destination. Our wide range of transfer service networks provides you with the most reliable and suitable transfer solutions with our extensive meet and greet services. Do you have children with you? No problem, child seats are free of charge. Just let us know your needs, we will be there for you!
Private Transfer from London Gatwick Airport to Central London by luxury minivan
Forget trying to hail a taxi as you juggle your luggage: pre-book a private arrival transfer from London Gatwick Airport. Your driver will greet you on arrival at the airport, help with your luggage and drive you directly to your central London hotel. Transport is by luxury minivan with room for up to six people, so all you have to do is sit back and relax!
London Gatwick Airport Arrival Private Transfer - Airport to Docklands Hotel
Get your time in London Docklands off to a stress-free start with this private, one-way transfer service from London Gatwick Airport. Simply book before your trip, meet your driver at London Gatwick Airport when you land, and then sit back as you travel to your London Docklands in the air-conditioned comfort of a private vehicle. This private London Gatwick Airport transportation service is available 24 hours, seven days a week to suit your schedule, and designed for private groups of up to six people. • One-way private arrival transfer from London Gatwick Airport to London Docklands • Door-to-door service with a professional driver • Rates cover private groups of one to six passengers • Private transfers operate 24 hours, seven days a week
Private transfers to/from Harwich Int'l Cruise Port and London Gatwick Airport
Whether you are a single person, or you have a large group, Tourope UK's transfer services between Harwich International Cruise Port and London Gatwick Airport are just for you. We will be at your disposal for your reliable transfer solutions. It is crucial for us to know your needs and expectations. We are here to turn your transfers into a fantastic and relaxing experience between each destination. Therefore, put yourself in good hands with our highly skilled professional drivers who will take you to your destination right on time. Our transfer services have never been easier or so comfortable. Tourope UK's imposing fleet includes prestigious saloon cars, minibuses, MPVs and many more. Our priority is your top safety and comfort. Our drivers are licensed and well experienced. The price range differs according to our client's choice of car type, party size and destination. What is more? Just pick up a suitable option, then we are ready to go!
1 hour&nbsp50 minutes to 2 hours&nbsp5 minutes
Luxury London Gatwick Airport Transfer S-Class
Luxury Transfer to/from any terminal at London Gatwick Airport (LGW) to London Latest models of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class that will take up to 3 passengers and 2 suitcases. All our vehicles have: • Bottled Water for all passengers • Free Wi-Fi • Mobile phone chargers • Child/baby seats (if requested at time of booking)
Gatwick Airport Arrival To London Via Windsor Castle
Upon your arrival at Gatwick Airport, make the most of your time in London with a one-way transfer to London via Windsor Castle on a self guided tour in a private chauffeured vehicle. After providing your desired final destination at checkout, you'll travel from Gatwick Airport via Windsor Castle, an official residence of Her Majesty the Queen and more recent the royal wedding in 2018 for Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, while exploring the landmark at your own pace. Drop-off at your central London location is included. • Travel to a chosen London destination in a private chauffeured vehicle • Stop at Windsor Castle to explore the royal residence independently • Entrance fees are included
Luxury London Gatwick Airport Transfer V-Class
Luxury Transfer to/from any terminal at London Gatwick Airport (LGW) to London Latest models of he Mercedes-Benz V-Class that will take up to 7 passengers and 7 suitcases. All our vehicles have: • Bottled Water for all passengers • Free Wi-Fi • Mobile phone chargers • Child/baby seats (if requested at time of booking)
Private transfers between London Gatwick - London Luton Airports
Travel between London Gatwick Airport and London Luton Airports without facing the crowds on public transport with this convenient private transfer service instead. The vehicle can cater to solo travelers or large groups depending on your requirements. For extra safety and peace of mind, the vehicles are equipped with hand sanitizers and masks.
Shared Transfer from Gatwick Airport to Hotel Accommodation
At M25 Minibuses, your satisfaction is our pleasure! Our shared shuttle is a convenient way to transfer from London Gatwick airport to your hotel or apart-hotel in Central London Zone 1 or East London. All of our drivers have a clean Enhanced DBS check (the equivalent of a 'Certificate of Good Conduct' in the USA) and are chosen for their friendly personality and smart appearance. Your driver will be waiting for you in the Airport Coach Park as you arrive. They will be in contact with your lead passenger to ensure that you are guided to the pickup bus stop on the airport forecourt. They will then transport you to your destination, making a maximum of 3 stops on the way to drop off or pick up other passengers. Our service runs around the clock 24 x 7, so we can accommodate your flight arrival whatever its scheduled time. At your arrival, you may have to wait for other passengers arriving on the same flight number, or at the same time. This waiting time never exceeds 30 minutes.
Gatwick Airport to Central London transfer
Flexy Transfers is a Private Hire company based in London. Our mission is to provide reliable, comfortable and safe transfer services by using the latest equipment and technology to facilitate the travel of individuals in and around London. We provide all types of Private Hire vehicles, Saloon, Estate, MPV and Executive cars, for passengers to or from all UK Airports, and UK Hotels. We also provide transfer services for business, private events such as meetings, conferences, sightseeing and private daily tours. Our aim is to offer the best reliable and safe transport services to all our customers. We are constantly trying to expand and increase the quality of the services we provide. Our network of drivers is fully licenced by (TFL) London Transport or by local authorities elsewhere. All our drivers are professionals and the vehicles are fully licenced and insured, providing travellers with a safe Door To Door car service whether it is a one way or a return journey.
Shared Shuttle Service from Gatwick to your Hotel in London
When you arrive in London for the first time, skip the stress and expense of public transport and taxis with a shared transfer service from Gatwick International Airport to central London. Rather than having to navigate trains and buses in an unfamiliar city, you'll greet your driver in arrival and relax as you're transported to your London accommodation in climate-controlled comfort.
Gatwick Airport Transfer, to or from Southampton
Our private transfer will be ready for you at your collection to take you to Gatwick Airport. With one of the easiest booking process ever you'll be taken straight through to ensure you have a smooth and pleasant journey. We pride ourselves on the level of service we deliver to all our private transfer customers, and
Lastminute London Gatwick Airport arrival to Hotel/Accommodation
This private transfer service will take you from Gatwick airport to centrally-located London hotel. Service includes a meet and greet at the airport. Destination available: • All the Hotels located in central London.
Taxi service from Gatwick to London Meet & Greet
This will save you time and alleviate the stress of wondering where your taxi has got to. Travel arrangements need not be stressful or time consuming, as long as you make wise choices and use experienced travel organisers like Great Britain Cars.Our Heathrow Airport Taxi service for a comfortable transfer can be conveniently booked online
Private Airport Transfer: from London Gatwick Airport (LGW) to London
Book here your safe and reliable Private Airport Transfer from London Gatwick Airport (LGW) to your hotel or destination within the London city area. Our service operates across 150+ countries and 1500+ airports with an excellent customer satisfaction rating of 9/10 based on 35k+ reviews. - Fixed price with no hidden costs after booking. - Modern cars only. - Certified professional drivers. - Meet&Greet Service: We welcome you at the airport arrivals hall holding a board with your name. - 24/7 Customer Support (English, German, Spanish, French, Dutch and Portuguese). - Your flight is delayed? We wait for you up to 90min with no extra charge!
Private transfers between Gatwick Airport - London Paddington Train Station
Do you need to travel between London Gatwick Airport and London Paddington Train Station for your next transit journey? We are here for you. Tourope UK is ready to arrange your private transfer service with our licenced, professional, experienced, and caring drivers. Travelling from one point to another has never been easier or more comfortable. Thanks to our dedicated staff members, we are ready to connect you to your next trip. Whether you are a single person or a large group, our imposing fleet which includes prestigious saloon cars, minibuses, MPVs and buses are simply at your fingertips. Our priority is your safety and comfort. The price range differs according to your choice of car type, party size and destination. Our wide range of transfer service networks provides you with the most reliable and suitable transfer solutions with our extensive meet and greet services. Do you have children with you? No problem, child seats are free of charge. Just let us know your needs!
Britannia Airport Cars - Gatwick to Heathrow
Welcome to the world of Great Britain Cars for convenient airport transfer service. Hire us for transfer to and from the airport to any location in the United Kingdom.With our excellent pricing, you will not have to waste a fortune to hire a Airport Transport service to and from the airport. We offer transparent service charges and provide the best infrastructure to take to your desired destination.
London Gatwick (LGW) Airport Arrival Shared Transfer - Airport to Hotel
Get your time in London City off to a stress-free start with this shared, one-way transfer service from London Gatwick Airport. Simply book before your trip, meet your driver at London Gatwick Airport when you land, and then sit back as you travel to your central London City hotel in the air-conditioned comfort of a shared vehicle. This shared London Gatwick Airport transportation service is available 24 hours, seven days a week to suit your schedule, and designed for shareing groups. • One-way shared arrival transfer from London Gatwick Airport to London City hotel • Door-to-door service with professional driver • Rates cover private groups of one to six passengers • Shared transfers operate 24 hours, seven days a week
London Gatwick (LGW) Airport Arrival Private Transfer - Airport to Hotel
Get your time in London City off to a stress-free start with this private, one-way transfer service from London Gatwick Airport. Simply book before your trip, meet your driver at London Gatwick Airport when you land, and then sit back as you travel to your central London City hotel in the air-conditioned comfort of a private vehicle. This private London Gatwick Airport transportation service is available 24 hours, seven days a week to suit your schedule, and designed for private groups of up to six people. • One-way private arrival transfer from London Gatwick Airport to London City hotel • Door-to-door service with a professional driver • Rates cover private groups of one to six passengers • Private transfers operate 24 hours, seven days a week
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text:
Mudio Mukutu Pierre Narcisse De Napoli De Suza, known as Pierre Narcisse (; 19 February 1977 — 21 June 2022), was a Cameroonian-born Russian singer.

Biography
Born in Ebone, Cameroon in 1977, Narcisse played football as a child and learned to play saxophone at age 13. In the early 1990s, he created a group which performed music at nightclubs, both in the French language and local Cameroonian languages.

Narcisse moved to Yegoryevsk, where his sister lived and took part in the filming of The Barber of Siberia. He then attended the MSU Faculty of Journalism and played for the KVN team of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. In 2000, he participated in several episodes of the television show  on MTV Russia as a participant. In 2001, he appeared on a special edition of the show, replacing Yana Churikova. At the same time, he worked for the radio station Hit FM.

Narcisse recorded the song Chocolate Bunny for the television series Fabrika Zvyozd. In 2004, he released an album of the same name as his song. In 2006, he was awarded the title  Honored Artist of Ingushetia. In 2008, he participated in the Russia-1 show . In 2013, he recorded the singles The Domes and Sakhalin's Love alongside .

Pierre Narcisse died in Moscow on 21 June 2022 following a failed kidney surgery. His death was reported by his ex-wife Valeria Kalacheva and daughter Karolina-Kristel.

References

External links

1977 births
2022 deaths
Russian male singers
Russian people of Cameroonian descent
Naturalised citizens of Russia
People from Yegoryevsky District, Moscow Oblast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cancer is one of our oldest and most bitter enemies, first described over 3,500 years ago in an Egyptian medical text (the Edwin Smith Papyrus). The course of action was surgical excision and cauterization. The outlook was dire: "There is no treatment."
Though over three millennia removed, our first-line treatment options echo those of that Egyptian doctor: surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. These strategies, while undoubtedly effective, target a tumor or cancerous cells but end up causing significant collateral damage, and their effectiveness varies with the type of cancer. Patients who have undergone these treatments, but still present with persistent or relapsed disease, are offered a poor prognosis.
In blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma, white blood cells divide uncontrollably and crowd out other blood cells from bone marrow and/or lymph nodes. A common first-line treatment is lymphodepleting chemotherapy, which uses cytotoxic drugs to target and kill rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, since this treatment targets all rapidly dividing cells, it kills not only cancer cells but also blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), cells in hair follicles and the gastrointestinal tract, and others. This causes hair loss, nausea, cognitive/memory difficulties, sensory alterations (notably smell and taste), and heavy suppression of the immune system, putting patients at constant risk of contracting life-threatening infections. If this treatment is successful, the patient may receive an HSC transplant from a suitable donor in the hopes of achieving long-term remission. This treatment, though, can have complications such as graft versus host disease (GVHD), a potentially life-threatening condition where the transplanted immune cells perceive the host as foreign tissue and attack it.
But hope springs eternal. A new technology, termed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, harnesses the power of a blood cancer patient's own T cells to attack their cancerous cells and brings with it the promise of remission without the risks of an HSC transplant or repeated chemotherapy. Here, we review the successes and challenges of CAR T-cell therapy and extend our tremendous gratitude and support to the researchers and clinicians who are making this treatment possible.
Unlike traditional cancer drugs and therapies, the strength of CAR T-cell therapy lies in a process that exploits a natural host defense mechanism carried out by T cells. In a typical immune reaction, an infected host cell presents foreign antigens on its surface using major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Using a specialized T-cell receptor, a T cell can bind to the MHC/antigen complex and determine whether it represents "self" (the host) or a foreign antigen. If the former, the T cell does not respond. However, if the T cell identifies a foreign antigen, it inflicts rapid cell death by delivering cytotoxic mediators directly to the infected cell.
How does this mechanism relate to cancer? In the case of B-cell cancers like acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DBLCL), genetic and epigenetic changes transform a normal B cell into a cancer cell. When a single B-cell clone transforms, a unique portion of that clone's antigen receptor can be recognized by T cells, acting as a tumor-specific antigen. CD19 is a B-cell-specific signaling protein that makes for a good target for engineered T cells due to its overexpression on malignant B cells and lack of expression on hematopoietic stem cells, leaving those important blood-forming cells unharmed.
CAR T cells are designed to exploit this mechanism and specifically target malignant cells for destruction. Artificial T-cell receptors are made by combining 1) components derived from antibodies that specifically recognize certain cancer antigens, such as CD19, and 2) components with cytotoxic functions derived from T-cell receptors. CAR gene therapies involve transducing autologous lymphocytes with the TCR genes capable of recognizing cancer antigens; putting the lymphocytes back into the patient following lymphodepleting chemotherapy; and allowing these new lymphocytes to identify, attack, and eliminate cancer cells (Figure 1).
These cells have several advantages over traditional HSC transplants: in treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), CAR T cells expanded ~4-log-fold, persisted long-term (>6 months), and—most importantly—were created with the patient's own cells, preventing the risk of GVHD (Kalos 2016). In this study, some patients achieved remission, but they had moderate side effects.
Figure 1. Workflow for T-cell-based therapies. CAR T-cell therapy involves removing a leukemia or lymphoma patient's T cells by leukapheresis (Step 1), modifying and expanding the T cells ex vivo so they express a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes cancerous B cells (Steps 2 and 3), and then reinfusing the CAR T cells back into the same patient (Step 4). Several commercially available products (encompassing the aforementioned process) take the autologous approach (cells come from and are infused back into the same patient, avoiding GVHD), while several companies are developing therapies that use Steps 1–3 of the workflow but can be used to treat thousands of patients (allogeneic approach).
At present, two CAR T-cell therapies are indicated for some patients with relapsed (comes back after remission) or refractory (resistant to chemotherapy) B-cell malignancies. In 2017, KTE-C19/axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) was the first CAR T-cell product granted FDA approval for the treatment of DLBCL. In May 2018, another CAR T product, tisagenlecleucel, was granted FDA approval for the treatment of not only relapsed/refractory DLBCL but also relapsed/refractory B-cell-precursor ALL. Incredibly, in a phase II clinical trial, 83% of 53 ALL patients treated with tisagenlecleucel experienced complete remission. Out of 81 DLBCL patients treated with tisagenlecleucel, 53% completely recovered and 74% of patients who achieved complete remission at three months were still cancer free at six months (Ogba et al. 2018).
While these results are promising, these CAR T-cell therapies still carry the risk of side effects. Cytokine release syndrome is the most commonly observed toxicity, with symptoms ranging from uncomfortable (fever, loss of appetite, pain) to life threatening (rapid heartbeat, seizures, low blood pressure, and breathing difficulties) (Brudno and Kochenderfer 2016). These treatments also carry the risk of neurological complications such as encephalopathy, seizures, and tremors, though these toxicities have been largely reversible.
Despite these setbacks, CAR T-cell therapies hold enormous promise moving forward. In addition to developing approaches to minimize adverse and off-target effects (reviewed in Bonifant et al. 2016), researchers are advancing CAR T-cell technology to improve target-cell cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and T-cell proliferation/survival (Figure 2). Additionally, while the current FDA-approved therapies target CD19, clinical testing is ongoing to target other B-cell antigens (CD20, CD22, CD23, and ROR1, among others) (D'Aloia et al. 2018).
Figure 2. Schematic of the evolution of CAR T-cell structures. Building on the original CAR T-cell technology, later generations have incorporated additional elements to aid in T-cell persistence, proliferation, cytokine production, and survival. Fourth-generation CAR T cells (termed "armored CARs") use modified second-generation CAR T cells engineered to express and secrete cytokines to improve efficacy. Image: Monica Casucci and Attilio Bondanza / Public Domain.
There is also a concerted push by researchers to expand this technology beyond blood cancers and allow CAR T-cell therapies to be applied to solid tumors. While several factors (including a lack of suitable antigen targets and poor delivery/persistence in solid tumors) have rendered these cancers more difficult to treat, there is reason for optimism. IL-13Rα-directed CAR T-cell treatment of an aggressive glioblastoma resulted in two of three patients exhibiting bioactivity consistent with anti-tumor responses (Brown et al. 2016). One patient in a separate study exhibited regression of multiple spinal and intracranial glioblastoma tumors for 7.5 months following treatment (Brown et al. 2015). In May 2018, a phase I clinical trial presented promising results demonstrating the safety profile of mesothelin-directed CAR T cells targeting mesothelioma (Adusumilli et al. 2018). Notably, one of the twelve patients experienced complete remission that, at the time of writing, had lasted 12 months and still exhibited detectable CAR T-cell activity.
Cancer is one of our oldest foes and, in one form or another, has touched the lives of nearly every one of us. Given their recent FDA approval and success, CAR T-cell therapies represent a promising line of inquiry in developing a next-generation approach to treating cancer. While current FDA-approved treatments are limited to B-cell malignancies, preclinical work and pilot trials have demonstrated the possibility of expanding these therapies into other types of cancers, including solid tumors.
An enormous amount of time, energy, and effort has been poured into bringing these technologies to this point, and we here at Takara Bio want to offer our sincerest thank you to the scientific and medical pioneers who strive to give a brighter future to cancer patients, cancer survivors, and their loved ones.
Bonifant, C. L., Jackson, H. J., Brentjens, R. J. & Curran, K. J. Toxicity and management in CAR T-cell therapy. Mol. Ther. – Oncolytics 3, 16011 (2016).
Brown, C. E. et al. Bioactivity and Safety of IL13R 2-Redirected Chimeric Antigen Receptor CD8+ T Cells in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 21, 4062–4072 (2015).
Brudno, J. N. & Kochenderfer, J. N. Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: recognition and management. Blood 127, 3321–30 (2016).
D'Aloia, M. M., Zizzari, I. G., Sacchetti, B., Pierelli, L. & Alimandi, M. CAR-T cells: the long and winding road to solid tumors. Cell Death Dis. 9, 282 (2018).
Kalos, M. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells in CLL: the next chapter unfolds. J. Immunother. Cancer 4, 5 (2016).
Ogba, N. et al. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw. 16, 1092–1106 (2018).
Immunotherapy uses the patient's immune system to control and destroy cancer cells and holds several key advantages over traditional therapies. Explore this section to learn about adoptive T-cell therapy, bispecific monoclonal antibody therapy, and T-cell receptor profiling, an important tool to guide treatment strategies.
Cancer research is constantly evolving and finding new and more effective therapies to battle disease. Explore this section to learn about biomarker discovery, single-cell analysis, genomics and epigenomics, HLA typing, immunotherapy, and gene editing for cancer therapy/drug discovery research.


text:
Endoxyla cinereus, la Teigne des bois géante, est une espèce de hétérocères (papillons de nuit) de la famille des Cossidae. On la trouve en Australie (Queensland, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud) et en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Taxonomie
L'espèce Endoxyla cinereus a été décrite pour la première fois en 1890 par l'entomologiste polonais  (1841-1923) sous le protonyme Cossus cinereus.

Description
C'est le papillon de nuit le plus lourd du monde, pesant jusqu'à , et certainement le plus grand. Son envergure est d'environ 23 à . Un motif variable de gris clair et foncé ou de brun apparaît sur les ailes de cette espèce de papillon.

Les larves creusent dans les troncs des arbres du genre Eucalyptus. La nymphose a lieu dans le tunnel larvaire.

Divers
Une rare observation contemporaine de ce papillon de nuit, dans une école en Australie, a été remarquée et choisie par une rédactrice en chef, et épinglée parmi les gros titres du New York Times le 8 mai 2021.

Liens externes

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Cossidae
Espèce de Lépidoptères (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique d'Océanie
Lépidoptère d'Océanie


text:
Women in California and Oregon Will be Able to Get Birth Control Directly From Pharmacists
Stassa Edwards
Filed to:Birth Control
Two new laws in California and Oregon will allow women to forgo with a visit to the gynecologist in order to obtain a prescription for birth control. The New York Times reports that in the next few months, women will be able to get a prescription for contraception directly from a pharmacist.
According to the Times, pharmacists in those states will able to prescribe the full range of birth control options after a screening process during which women will fill out a standard questionnaire that includes their medical history. Most importantly, contraception prescribed by pharmacists will also be covered by health insurance.
The Times reports:
The laws are the latest effort to make birth control more accessible, a longstanding goal of medical professionals and policy makers. But unlike other recent debates over contraception — including the firestorm over the Obama administration's requirement under the Affordable Care Act that all health plans pay for contraceptives — these legislative efforts have been largely free of political rancor.
"I feel strongly that this is what's best for women's health in the 21st century, and I also feel it will have repercussions for decreasing poverty because one of the key things for women in poverty is unintended pregnancy," said State Representative Knute Buehler, a Republican who sponsored Oregon's law.
Though the reforms were overwhelming supported by local lawmakers, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has expressed concerns over the bills. They argue that birth control should be entirely over-the-counter and easily available without a prescription. The group worries that allowing pharmacists to fill a prescription is just another roadblock to OTC access.
While those concerns are certainly valid (and it would be wonderful if contraception was OTC), most reproductive health experts are lauding the bills as a step in the right direction. They anticipate that easier access will reduce unintended pregnancies. It's currently estimated that roughly 3.3 million pregnancies in the United States are unintended, a number that's significantly higher than European counterparts.
Image via Shutterstock.


The Søndeborg area is a prime place to study. You can choose between a wide range of educations in an international atmosphere. The educational environment has close cooperative relations to educational institutions abroad. The result is boundless opportunities for international contacts as well as professional development and career possibilities.
The co-operation between the educational institutions and business is already thriving and the Sønderborg area has, with Danfoss being the main engine, a variety of businesses within the areas of IT, tele, electronics and communications.
Office is closed due to Easter Holidays!


Curiosity rover on its Mars Science Laboratory mission to assess whether Mars ever had an environment able to support small life forms called microbes.
The majority of images for this panorama were captured on day, Sol 3, of Curiosity's 1 martian year mission, by its 34mm Mast Camera. On Sol 13 before the rover moved the top of Mount Sharp was also captured.
Curiosity is sitting in Gale Crater at Bradbury Landing and will be heading towards Mount Sharp shortly to fulfill it's mission.
*The panorama was updated on Aug 23, 2012 with new images that were previously unavailable.


The Anetopoulos ceramic pottery museum is located just outside of Ano Lechonia in the road towards Kala Nera and it is one of the most important sights in the area.
The museum has three rooms, where all the exhibits are displayed, amonng them, family casts and folk pottery from Greece collected by one of the grandsons of V.Anetopoulos. Visit the museum to learn interesting facts regarding pottery, the people who worked and continue to serve the pottery field, admire the beautiful ceramic items that were used in everyday life of rural areas and in the cities and also ceramics made during international workshops and exhibitions.
The museum participates in various activities as it organizes educational programs, ceramic exhibitions and international academic conferences with great success.


She appeared unannounced and set to work on her latest art installation in the heart of Hull's Fruit Market – conducting her work in an empty glass-fronted property in Humber Street as passers-by gazed in.
Globally renowned urban contemporary artist Laurence Vallières began her work on Saturday morning, with her sudden appearance in the building opposite Butler Whites restaurant a mystery to onlookers as she began work on her live art installation, which will continue throughout this week.
The Art of Protest Gallery in York has revealed that the Montreal-based artist has been commissioned to visit Hull during her first UK residency, as she was keen to display her work during the UK City of Culture celebrations.
Her visit has been sponsored by Hudgell Solicitors, which has its headquarters on the Fruit Market, near Humber Street, and is currently celebrating its 20th anniversary.
Hudgell Solicitors says it has been 'inspired' by the cultural feel to Hull in 2017, and it is to mark the completion of the artwork on Friday by launching a 'major new community project' through The Neil Hudgell Trust.
That new project, it says, will link directly to the piece of work, which is centred on the issue of homelessness.
As a classically trained fine artist, Vallières has found a gap in the market for easy to display and playful sculptural works that can engage in any setting, creating massive, often life-sized sculptures of animals out of recycled cardboard.
After completing an artist residency in Russia, she began to develop a street art influence in her work. Mainly using cardboard, she readily creates large works on the spot and travels internationally to do so.
Her installations have been commissioned for cities and galleries around the world including in Korea, Spain, Russia, U.S.A, Canada, Germany, France, and The Burning Man Festival Nevada.
Her current visit to Hull sees her create her first publicly displayed installation in the UK outside of an art fair setting and follows her appearance at the Moniker Art Fair's 8th edition at the Truman Brewery in Shoreditch last week, the UK's main Urban Contemporary Art showcase.
Speaking ahead of her visit, she said: "As an artist, one's goal must be to express what is common and mundane in a way that makes it interesting and novel.
My work is greatly inspired by literature from the authors Georges Orwell and Art Spiegelman. Their deft use of metaphor allowed them to critique an issue or philosophy without explicitly stating the target of their anger. This use of metaphor gave their work the feel of a widely-circulated, savage inside joke. Similarly, I create art that maintains both visual appeal and an understated sense of humour.
Jo Hudgell, chair of the Neil Hudgell Trust, is hoping the week-long live art project will create a buzz as her installation becomes more apparent.
"It is fair to say the City of Culture year has been a huge success for the city, and with Hudgell Solicitors being based in the Fruit Market, we have been fortunate to be close to so many great events and see the buzz created day to day," she said.
"It has certainly inspired us, and when we heard of this opportunity to bring a globally renowned artist to the city, we jumped at the chance.
"Laurence's work is about symbolising human relationships, communication, political issues and social behaviour, and her installation in Hull has a close link to plans we have to do more in the community through The Neil Hudgell Trust, which will be announced at the end of the week.
"Passers-by this weekend will have already noticed an elephant in the room. That is significant.
Craig Humble, Founder and Director of The Art of Protest Gallery, said: "This is a very exciting project we have been delighted to work with Hudgell Solicitors on for the people of Hull.
"There is anticipation that the interest in, and value of, Laurence's work is to rise as galleries, museums and collectors search for alternative dimensional approaches to urban culture and street art. Her audience is varied as she works in a very large and impressive scale for installations, while still creating beautiful gallery pieces for buyers who don't have a sculpture garden.
The art installation is being created from recycled materials supplied by Art of Protest Gallery, and the space in which she is based has been made available by Wykeland Beal, the joint venture company formed by Wykeland Group and Beal Homes to drive forward the regeneration of the Fruit Market, working in partnership with Hull City Council.
Tom Watson, Development Surveyor of Wykeland Group, speaking on behalf of Wykeland Beal, said: "We were approached by Hudgell Solicitors who were looking for a venue for the installation and we were delighted to assist.


text:
Q: While loop with node and parentNode not reaching end I'm trying to do a simple loop and check if nodes/parentNode class name matches a string in a array. Code is as follows:
function isInside(list,node) {
    while( node !== undefined ) {
        for( var i = 0; i < list.length; i++ )
            if( node.className.indexOf(list[i]) > -1 )
                return true;
        node = node.parentNode;
    }
    alert(1); // The code does not reach this when false
    return false;
}

Any ideas what is wrong here?

A: Follow this pattern:
var current = node;
while (current.parentNode){
 // do stuff with node
 current = current.parentNode

}


Design Your Own Handbag! | Swiish - Fashion, Beauty, & Lifestyle.
There have been many times in my life when I have wandered around a store looking for a bag or a clutch in a certain colour in order to complete an outfit, and then not been able to find it. Well, those days are a thing of the past, thanks to Amy Richards, the brainchild behind Sterling & Hyde.
Not only do Sterling & Hyde offer a range of gorgeous ready-to-carry handbags, jewellery and accessories, but they also allow you to custom design your own handbag online. And trust me, once you jump on the website and see how easy it is, you may not be able to stop at just one bag.
Choose the style of bag you would like. There are 16 different options, including a clutch, a laptop bag, an ipad bag and a travel wallet.
Select the colour and material you would like – suede leather, sheepskin leather or cow leather.
Finally, choose your hardware – zips and chains are available in gold, silver or brass.
The custom bags range in price from $139 - $329, depending on which style you choose.
I think I'll be getting myself a little Christmas present this year – a Terrific Top Deck bag in Burnt Orange with gold hardware. Stunning.
So go ahead and get designing. Let me know how you go and send us your pics !
My mum did it for me and it is just incredible!
I just love the idea, how original! You can create your own masterpiece, and claim it as your own signature design, without the worry of seeing your bag on everyone else's shoulders. Love, love, love!!!


"Expanded review criteria: The case of nonpharmacological interventions" by Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Kathleen Buckwalter et al.
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Buckwalter, K., Beattie, E., Rose, K., Neville, C. et al. (2014). Expanded review criteria: the case of nonpharmacological interventions in dementia. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 41(1), 15-28.


Rating: 5 based on 51 reviews.
When looking for accessories for your cell, we think you'll want to stop over at All4cellular. All 4 cellular prides itself on being a one-stop shop for all cell phone accessories, and we're sure you'll be able to find the best prices on the web. If you want to get the products from a trusted name, you can rest assured of All 4 Cellular products. Customers rate All 4 Cellular highly for its high quality merchandise, great slection, unbeatable prices, and exceptional shopping experience. Cheaperseeker.com, dedicated to saving your money, is your great source for the latest and greatest All 4 Cellular coupons. If you are looking for All 4 Cellular coupons, simply go to Cheaperseeker.com, where you can find the best and newest deals and discounts! Try with our coupons and you will definitely save more!


text:
@interface OEXApplicationTests : XCTestCase

@end

@implementation OEXApplicationTests

- (void)testApplicationSubclassBeingUsed {
    OEXApplication* application = [OEXApplication oex_sharedApplication];
    XCTAssertNotNil(application);
}

- (void)testURLIntercepting {
    NSURL* url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://test/index.html"];

    __block BOOL intercepted = NO;
    __block NSURL* interceptedURL = nil;
    [[OEXApplication oex_sharedApplication] interceptURLsWithHandler:^BOOL(NSURL *url) {
        intercepted = YES;
        interceptedURL = url;
        return YES;
    } whileExecuting:^{
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
    }];

    XCTAssertTrue(intercepted);
    XCTAssertEqualObjects(url, interceptedURL);
}

- (void)testURLInterceptNestingPassthrough {
    NSURL* url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://test/index.html"];
    __block BOOL intercepted = NO;
    [[OEXApplication oex_sharedApplication] interceptURLsWithHandler:^BOOL(NSURL *url) {
        intercepted = YES;
        return YES;
    } whileExecuting:^{
        [[OEXApplication oex_sharedApplication] interceptURLsWithHandler:^BOOL(NSURL *url) {
            return NO;
        } whileExecuting:^{

        }];
        [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
    }];
    XCTAssertTrue(intercepted);
}

- (void)testURLInterceptNestingIntercepted {
    NSURL* url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"http://test/index.html"];
    __block BOOL intercepted = NO;
    [[OEXApplication oex_sharedApplication] interceptURLsWithHandler:^BOOL(NSURL *url) {
        intercepted = YES;
        return YES;
    } whileExecuting:^{
        [[OEXApplication oex_sharedApplication] interceptURLsWithHandler:^BOOL(NSURL *url) {
            return YES;
        } whileExecuting:^{
            [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
        }];
    }];
    XCTAssertFalse(intercepted);
}

@end


On Friday, the defence secretary. Michael Fallon said that NATO needed to do more to tackle the "false reality" being propagated by Russia. He argued that Russia's production of "Fake News" was destabilising western democracy and undermining electoral processes. Claims like these are nothing new. For the last six months, the US has been awash with claims of "Fake News" being put out by both the Republicans and Democrats, and a simple search for the #FakeNews hashtag reveals some terrifying results. I find it striking that a country which was born of the declaration that some truths are self-evident, should find itself at the forefront of a post-truth version of politics.
All of this is very disturbing, not least because if we are in a post-truth world, there is a very real question about whether knowledge is important any more (I would argue that it is more so than ever - more on this soon). Naturally there has been much soul searching and even more hand wringing about how we approach the issue of truth having been downgraded in our political discourse. In some cases, people are drawing historical parallels and suggesting that we learn the warnings of the 1930s; to be on guard against malicious propaganda; to disbelieve the information coming out of the (insert the group you disagree with here) camp; and so on.
Followers of the Schools History Project will know that one of the founding principles of the movement was to help students see the relevance of history to their lives, and give them some of the tools to help understand it (Schools History Project, n.d.). Over the last few months, I have seen numerous exhortations in the history teaching community for educators to warn pupils of the dangers of misinformation, and encourage them to be on guard against malign interpretations. Although well intentioned, I think this use of history misses the point of our discipline somewhat. In fact, I wonder if such an approach, namely using history to make pupils sceptical of information, has actually contributed to the post-truth problem.
"There is no such thing as historical truth, only interpretation." I distinctly remember being told this by my A Level history teacher. I took this epithet quite literally in my A Level coursework, choosing an obscure topic and manipulating the historians to fit my chosen line of argument. There was no comeback on this, my teachers did not have enough knowledge of Polish attempts at unification to challenge my assertions. This served to reinforce the idea that my role as an historian was to make the facts fit my own line of reasoning. It also offers a salient reminder about why it is so important that history teachers are well versed in their discipline!
Even in my first couple of years of teaching, I maintained a similar stance to historical study. I loved introducing kids to the idea of historical interpretations; getting them to query and question the motives of authors; to dismiss problematic accounts and be sceptical of everything. It was brilliant to see kids challenging the books they were given and questioning the motives of the historical authors they encountered. Yet there was always a nagging feeling that something wasn't quite right.
Looking back on all of this now, I genuinely believe that I, and others have contributed-, and continue to contribute- to a misuse and perversion of history. Indeed, even a cursory reading of the full SHP principles reveals a much more nuanced view of historical interpretations than many history teachers (myself included) have actually offered their students. The SHP for example are supportive of the idea that children should be encouraged to "develop their own opinions" on historical events and interpretations. However, the crucial phrase comes shortly after – such opinions and critiques should be "based on a respect for evidence" (Schools History Project, n.d.). This is where much of my early teaching on historical interpretations fell down, and wherein the danger still lies.
and second, the rejection of historical truth.
I also want to spend some time discussing practical solutions to some of these issues which might be of use in the classroom.
One of the biggest issues I ran into in my early career was over-simplifying the concept of historical interpretations. Like many, I was content to encourage children to develop a "critical mindset" in the generic sense. What this missed of course was the fact that, by treating criticality as an independent "skill" I was only giving them half the toolset to deal with misinformation. I was effectively training pupils to be mistrustful without the grounding in period knowledge to substantiate such mistrust. A pupil who knows little about the Russian Revolution will struggle to say anything meaningful about Pipes' or Fitzpatrick's interpretation of it. I still see cases today where children are being taught to summarily dismiss historical research as "biased" or "inaccurate" rather than engaging with it properly. Even where teachers do engage more fully with interpretations of the past, children are routinely asked to make judgements about them based almost entirely on limited contextual information. A Victorian interpretation of Cromwell is bound to be positive because they loved Cromwell, didn't they? A modern historian will want to sell books and make money, won't she?
This generic mistrust of historical interpretation has not come from nowhere; there are strong links to the growth of postmodernism in the late 1980s and early 1990s. As Richard Evans has been arguing for some time, the post-modernist stance on historical validity has failed a generation, and continues to have a pernicious impact. Evans argues, and I tend to agree, that we have encouraged a lazy scepticism of all information which has become debilitating to differentiating between fact and fiction; truth and lie; interpretations which are more compelling and those which are seriously lacking. By boiling all interpretation down to personal motive, we have made all information equally problematic to the point where truth becomes irrelevant. Children assume that either all interpretations are equally valid, because they are all open to the criticism of "author bias", or conversely that no interpretations can be trusted, therefore we may as well pick the one we like best.
Worse than this, we often push children to be overtly sceptical of the interpretations with which we personally disagree. In my early career as a history teacher, I used to teach a unit on interpretations of the British Empire. We spent time unpicking the interpretations of Denis Judd, Lawrence James, and Niall Ferguson on the impact and legacy of the Empire. To my shame, I was often too ready to dismiss Fergusson's interpretation as the ramblings of a right-wing neo-liberal with too much love for the Empire which "made the modern world".
The effect of this? In many ways, this is exactly what we have seen people doing in the US election, the EU referendum, and so on. Time after time we have heard from Trump that "CNN have reported it so it must be #FakeNews", or that the BBC cannot be trusted to report the feelings of "hardworking" Britons on Brexit. People are so used to this lazy scepticism, and so ambivalent to the truth, that they retreat into the comfort of their own personal truths.
Now I fully stand by my view of Ferguson as a rabid neo-liberal, but I have changed my approach to dealing with his interpretations of Empire significantly. No longer do I spend time undercutting his argument by touting his neo-liberal standpoint, instead I encourage classes to engage with his evidence-choices, to note what he has emphasised and de-emphasised. In short to weigh his interpretation by examining the methods of its creation, as well as considering Ferguson's own approach. It is only through engaging in this disciplinary process of understanding how an interpretation has been created, that we can really begin to challenge it, and in the process, our own beliefs on an issue.
I am going to wrap things up here for now. In my next blog, I will be addressing the issue of historical truth and its connections to the post-truth culture. I want to explore how the notion of historical truth has suffered at the hands of "genericists" and "cultural capitalists" alike, and why we need to be less scared of the term "truth" in our classrooms.
I you have any comments, please feel free to add them below, or contact @apf102 on Twitter.
I think you make pertinent points throughout here. I think primary history at times has little to do with teaching history and more about solving the wider problems in the world. At times this can simply result in us teaching children in the present to look down on the people in the past instead of knowing, understanding and empathising with them. While bias, etc does need to be acknowledged, it can, as you point out, simply turn into a series of ad homs against historians (and people in the past) because they don't align with our current sensibilities.


text:
A significant number of our members work on a self-employed basis and full details regarding government support have only just emerged.
Many affected self-employed workers will receive direct cash grants, through a UK-wide scheme, to help them during the coronavirus outbreak. Self-employed individuals and members of partnerships in the UK could receive up to £2,500 per month in taxable grants for 3 months. The scheme will be open to those who traded in the 2019-20 tax year, are still trading now or would be except for COVID-19, and are planning to continue doing so in the tax year 2020-21. Also, their self-employed trading profits must be less than £50,000 and more than half of their income must come from self-employment.
For more information on claiming a grant through the coronavirus (COVID-19) Self-employment Income Support Scheme please visit the dedicated government support website here.
Mental Health: Helpline support for FMPA Members