text:
Q: How can I have two files with the same name in a directory when mounted with NFS? I have a C++ application test that creates 10,000 files in an NFS mounted directory, but my test recently failed once due to one file appearing twice with the same name in that directory with all the other 10,000 files.  This can be seen on either Linux Centos v4 or v5 where the directory is NFS mounted, but not on the host machine where the disk resides.
How is it even possible to have two files with the same name in the same directory?
[centos4x32 destination] ls -al ./testfile03373
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 ./testfile03373*
[centos4x32 destination] ls -al ./testfile03373*
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 ./testfile03373*
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 ./testfile03373*
[centos4x32 destination] ls -al *testfile03373
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373*
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373*
[centos4x32 destination] ls -alb test*file03373
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373*
-rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373*

Running the Perl script suggested in one of the answers below:
ls -la *03373* | perl -e 'while(<>){chomp();while(/(.)/g){$c=$1;if($c=~/[!-~]/){print("$c");}else{printf("\\x%.2x",ord($c));}}print("\n");}'

gives:
-rwx------\x20\x201\x20user\x20root\x203373\x20Sep\x20\x203\x2003:23\x20testfile03373*
-rwx------\x20\x201\x20user\x20root\x203373\x20Sep\x20\x203\x2003:23\x20testfile03373*

Printing with the inode (-i) values shows the two copies have the same inode entry (36733444):
[h3-centos4x32 destination] ls -alib te*stfile03373
36733444 -rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373*
36733444 -rwx------  1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373*

It would seem the directory entry is corrupted somehow.
Could my application have legitimately created this situation or is this a bug in the operating system?  Is there anything I can do to protect against this in my program that creates the files?
I'm thinking there is some kind of bug in the NFS mounting software.  Also 'umount' and then 'mount' of the NFS drive that has the issue does not resolve it, the repeated entry remains after remount.

Update 1: I've now hit this issue a second time, a few hours later, and the really strange thing is it happened on the exact same file, testfile03373, although it got a different inode this time, 213352984, for the doubled files.  I'll also add that the file is being created on the Centos 5 machine where disk is being hosted, so it is being created locally, and showing correct locally, but all the other machines that NFS mount it are seeing the doubled entry.

Update 2: I mounted the drive on a Centos v6 machine and found the following in /var/log/messages after listing and seeing the double entry there:
[root@c6x64 double3373file]# ls -laiB testfile03373* ; tail -3 /var/log/messages
36733444 -rwx------. 1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373
36733444 -rwx------. 1 user root 3373 Sep  3 03:23 testfile03373
...
Sep  4 14:59:46 c6x64 kernel: NFS: directory user/double3373file contains a readdir loop.Please contact your server vendor.  The file: testfile03373 has duplicate cookie 7675190874049154909
Sep  4 14:59:46 c6x64 kernel: NFS: directory user/double3373file contains a readdir loop.Please contact your server vendor.  The file: testfile03373 has duplicate cookie 7675190874049154909

Additionally, I found that renaming the file causes the double entry to disappear, but renaming it back causes it to reappear doubled, or alternatively, just touching a new file with the name testfile03373, causes a double entry to appear, but this only happens in the two directories where this double entry has been seen.

A: A friend helped me track this down and found this is a bug as recorded in Bugzilla 38572 for the Linux kernel here.  The bug is supposedly fixed in version 3.0.0 of the kernel, but present at least in version 2.6.38.
The issue is that the server's ReadDIR() RPC call returns incorrect results. This occurs because of the following:
When the client reads a directory, it specifies a maximum buffer size and zeroes a cookie. If the directory is too large, the reply indicates that the reply is only partial and updates the cookie. Then the client can re-execute the RPC with the updated cookie to get the next chunk of data. (The data is sets of file handles and names. In the case of ReadDirPlus(), there is also stat/inode/vnode data.) The documentation does not indicate that this is a bug with ReadDirPlus(), but it probably is there as well.
The actual problem is that the last file in each chunk (name, handle tuple) is sometimes returned as the first file in the next chunk.
There is an bad interaction with the underlying filesystems. Ext4 exhibits this, XFS does not.
This is why the problem appears in some situations but not in others and rarely occurs on small directories. As seen in the question description, the files show the same inode number and the names are identical (not corrupted). Since the Linux kernel calls the vnode operations for underlying operations such as open(), etc., the file system's underlying routines decide what happens. In this case, the NFS3 client just translates the vnode operation into an RPC if the required information isn't in its attribute cache. This leads to confusion since the client believes the server can't do this.

A:
The disk is an NFS mounted disk. When I go to the host computer
  that publishes the drive, the file is only listed once.

Probably a bug, issue, or race condition with NFS.
It's possible to have two files of the same name if you directly edit the filesystem structures using a hex editor.  However I'm not sure what would happen if you try to delete or open the files.  I'm unsure of what tools exist on Linux to access a file by inode number (which can't be duplicated) but that may work.
Duplicate file names are something fsck would likely catch and try to fix.
Make sure none of the files have differing trailing spaces though.

A: There is a chance that you have a hidden non-printable character or whitespace in one of the filenames. You can check with by providing the -b option to ls, e.g.:
user@server:~/test$ ls -lab
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Sep  3 12:20 .
drwx------ 8 user user 4096 Sep  3 12:20 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    0 Sep  3 12:19 hello
-rw-r--r-- 1 user user    0 Sep  3 12:19 hello\

Note the \ signifying the space at the end of that filename.
   -b, --escape
          print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

As an alternative (though the above should work), you can pipe the output through this perl script to replace anything that isn't a printable ASCII character with its hex code. For example, a space becomes \x20.
while (<>) {
    chomp();
    while (/(.)/g) {
        $c = $1;
        if ($c=~/[!-~]/) {
            print("$c");
        } else {
            printf("\\x%.2x", ord($c));
        }
    }
    print("\n");
}

Usage:
ls -la | perl -e 'while(<>){chomp();while(/(.)/g){$c=$1;if($c=~/[!-~]/){print("$c");}else{printf("\\x%.2x",ord($c));}}print("\n");}'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


you guessed it–3/19 LOL! This was a very perfect room number.
And my post about it connected me with a friend from home in the same hotel.
Then it was throwback time! With a visit to the University of Arizona. I had a wonderful time getting my Masters in Special Education while we were stationed in Arizona roughly 18 years ago.
The Education Building where I took all my classes.
The "old folks" in the family (out for a visit) in front of Old Main.
Heading to a Wild Cats football game.
My graduation in 1998 and hanging with my favorite professor Dr. Lane.
The trees have definitely grown and the paint colors have changed.
Ask my brother–we used to have a much more open view during our epic BBQ's when he came out to visit. LOL!
More of the present and past in Tombstone.
It was a lot emptier when I came out with my mom. I wonder if that has anything to do with the movie Tombstone?
Doc Holiday is everyone's Huckleberry now.
Also made a new and old visit to the Crystal Palace. This time with the boys but last time with high school buds.
And things had changed inside the O.K Corral too.
My first time around the shoot out reenactments occurred right on the spot where the shoot out happened. Now they have a model in the same place and the reenactment off to the side.
Back in the late 90's.
Clearly the new models are having a bit of trouble. All of the figures have very interesting feet. The heat?
We then headed to the eclectic and artsy mining town of Bisbee. We didn't make it in time to take the Copper Queen mine tour, but we did get to check it out and of course I had stories.
Here's a different Bisbee before and after shot.
These two cuties were not the best of friends.
A Gorgeous Harris Hawk named Hitman who worked on the Falcon Force Squad.
After an afternoon of swimming. This was one of our quieter days. We drove 1,200 miles from the southern part of AZ to Las Vegas, Nevada in a week.
And the next morning, we hiked up Camelback Mountain.
Gorgeous views the whole way up and down.
Can you find the critter?
Meeting the challenge the 10yo was issued by a friend LOL!
We all made it to the top.
Our friendly and fun driver PJ!
And the next day it was a road trip to the Grand Canyon!
The size just blows your mind.
A last night in Sedona–one of my favorites <3 before heading out.
A pit stop at an IN-N-OUT Burger. I'd never been before. Yum!
And then it was the Hoover Dam, which I'd never been to either. It was a fascinating tour and an incredible architectural feat.
Where the turbines are housed.
My camera was looking down–not me!
You can see how dry it is and how low the water is in Lake Mead. This is the emergency spillway. It's only been used twice–once when they tested it and only one other time. Not a risk at the moment.
And last but not least we made it to Vegas!
And you know what they say…what happens in Vegas happens to your best friends too. No, really I mean it. Imagine running into your 10yo's best friend and his brother at the pool in Vegas. We knew they were traveling in some of the same places we were over the break, but we didn't know their schedule at all and they could have been anywhere in those 1,200 miles. Unbelievably we randomly bumped into each other at the pool!
He ate the WHOLE thing folks!
See–what happens in Vegas happens to your best friends too. LOL!
And some Vegas random. Very cool glass gallery.
Kind of think I should own these chairs of birdie awesome.
If you could do a Throw Back #TBT tour of a place you used to live or spend a lot of time, where would you go and what would you want to see while you were there???


I have this lovely new home for my work and words and yet I have not spent much time here. That does need to and will change.
I was feeling a little creative tonight and was inspired by (am always inspired by) Shari Miller's florals. Yesterday I had the pleasure of spending the day in Chicago with her. A lovely lunch to catch up and then wandering around Millennium Park and Lurie Gardens. That's where I found these fuzzy tongue flowers, don't they look like they're waiting to catch snowflakes? Thankfully Lurie Gardens has a list of the plant life on their website.
This started out in one way as I tried to get it to look like what I had in my head, then while experimenting with sliders in Lightroom I decided to take it over to Topaz Labs Texture effects to see if somewhere in there the image in my head would come to life. It didn't, but this did. I like it. It's different for me, different is good.
So, there you have it. Short and sweet tonight to hopefully get me back in the habit of editing and posting again. I've gotten pretty far away from any sort of regularly doing either.
I love the look and feel of this flower shot here and that you are experimenting more with Topaz. Great job! ?
Thanks very much Angela. It's good to play and see what can happen!
Wonderful how this turned out! I'm so glad we can inspire one another as it simply expands our creative opportunities in exponential ways. Thanks for inspiring ME!
It really does expand our opportunities, hope we have many more opportunities to share! Thanks Shari!


text:
Q: Lightbox problem loading in Internet Explorer I just uploaded Lightbox in my website using the code from this http://www.flashxml.net/3d-carousel-menu.html
If I click the images in Firefox, images open fine. But if I try it with IE 8, the images don't enlarge or Lightbox doesn't work.
Here is the site:
http://www.wikima4.com/index.php?id=423
Error I got in IE:
 Webpage error details

 User Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/4.0;   SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0;   .NET4.0C; AskTbFXTV5/5.9.1.14019)
 Timestamp: Tue, 30 Nov 2010 13:57:36 UTC

    Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
    Line: 42
    Char: 3
    Code: 0
    URI: http://www.wikima4.com/assets/snippets/ajaxSearch/js/ajaxSearch.js

    Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
    Line: 153
    Char: 107
    Code: 0
    URI: http://www.wikima4.com/manager/media/script/mootools/mootools.js

    Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
    Line: 567
    Char: 3
    Code: 0
    URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

    Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
    Line: 567
    Char: 3
    Code: 0
    URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

   Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
   Line: 567
   Char: 3
   Code: 0
   URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

  Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
  Line: 567
  Char: 3
  Code: 0
  URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

  Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
  Line: 567
   Char: 3
  Code: 0
  URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

 Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
 Line: 567
 Char: 3
 Code: 0
 URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

  Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
  Line: 567
  Char: 3
  Code: 0
   URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

  Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
  Line: 567
  Char: 3
  Code: 0
  URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

   Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
   Line: 567
   Char: 3
   Code: 0
   URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

  Message: Object doesn't support this property or method
  Line: 567
  Char: 3
  Code: 0
  URI: http://www.wikima4.com/js/effects.js

A: IE8 has a developer console that you can use for much more detailed debugging.

*

*Tools

*Developer Tools

or

*

*F12
I ran through on the page and it looks like it's throwing 2 errors on load, the first is in prototype.js

'Object doesn't support this property
  or method' - prototype.js, line 448
  character 5

var Enumerable = {
  each: function(iterator) {
    var index = 0;
    try {
      this._each(function(value) {
        iterator(value, index++);
      });
  breaks here-->} catch (e) {
      if (e != $break) throw e;
    }
    return this;
  },

The second is in mootools.js, line 153 character 107

'Object doesn't support this property
  or method' = mootools.js, line 153
  character 107

this.fireEvent("domready");

I can't reproduce the issue, but I'd suggest Googling about possible conflicts others have experienced using the different scripts together. See if possibly that's the issue, also if the frameworks you are using have updated you may try using the newer frameworks to see if any updates corrected your issue.
The MSDN Overviews and Tutorials on the Developer Tools in IE8: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd565622(v=vs.85).aspx
Good Luck


text:
Commercial Spectrum: Plans and Actions to Meet Future Needs, Including Continued Use of Auctions
GAO-12-118 Published: Nov 23, 2011. Publicly Released: Dec 23, 2011.
Since 1994, FCC has made over 520 megahertz (a measure of quantity) of spectrum available for new uses, such as wireless broadband, through a process that can be lengthy. Because most of the usable spectrum in the United States has been allocated to existing uses, FCC must change its rules to move spectrum from an existing use to a new use, a process known as repurposing spectrum. Yet, this process can be lengthy—from 7 to 15 years for the six repurposings that GAO reviewed. Four factors contribute to the time it takes FCC to repurpose spectrum: the regulatory nature of the process, which to some extent is guided by statute; opposition of incumbent users, who could be required to vacate spectrum; coordination challenges between FCC and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), which oversees federal agencies' use of spectrum, on the repurposing of federal spectrum for commercial use; and concerns about interference from users of spectrum in adjacent bands of spectrum. FCC has identified voluntary approaches that it thinks could speed the process, but these approaches generally require congressional approval and face some stakeholder opposition.
Experts and stakeholders had mixed views on FCC's plans and recent actions to meet future spectrum needs. The National Broadband Plan included a set of recommendations to FCC, FCC and NTIA jointly, and Congress, aimed at meeting future spectrum needs. Some recommendations garnered broad support, including recommendations to auction certain bands of spectrum and enhance research and development. However, experts' and stakeholders' opinions diverged on other recommendations, such as reallocating a portion of spectrum from television to wireless broadband. Opinions also varied on FCC's progress in implementing the recommendations. In some instances, these conflicting opinions arose from participants' divergent positions in the industry, with, for example, incumbent licensees such as broadcasters opposing recommendations that they believe could impose burdens or costs on their businesses.
Experts and stakeholders GAO contacted strongly supported extending FCC's auction authority, but varied in their opinions on potential changes to auctions. Since 1994, FCC has used auctions to assign mutually exclusive licenses to commercial entities providing certain wireless services. GAO previously reported that auctions were effective in assigning licenses to entities that valued them the most; were quicker, less costly, and more transparent than mechanisms FCC previously used to assign licenses; and were an effective mechanism for the public to realize a portion of the value of a national resource used for commercial purposes. Experts and stakeholders responding to GAO's survey strongly supported extending FCC's auction authority—53 of 65 respondents supported extending FCC's authority. However, experts and stakeholders held varied opinions on potential changes to auctions. For example, respondents generally supported actions that would provide a clear road map detailing future auctions, which could reduce uncertainty. In contrast, a proposal to require winners of auctions to pay royalties based on their revenues rather than the full amount of their winning bids up front garnered the least support.
The radio-frequency spectrum enables an array of wireless communications services that are critical to the U.S. economy and national security, such as wireless broadband. In 2010, a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) task force issued the National Broadband Plan that included recommendations to reform spectrum policy. Since 1994, FCC has used competitive bidding, or auctions, to assign licenses to commercial entities for their use of spectrum; however, its authority to use auctions expires on September 30, 2012.
Among other things, GAO examined (1) the extent to which FCC has made spectrum available for new commercial uses and the time taken to do so, (2) experts' and stakeholders' views on FCC's plans and recent actions to meet future spectrum needs, and (3) experts' and stakeholders' views on the continued use of auctions to assign spectrum. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed FCC's plans, notices, and orders; reviewed six instances in which FCC made spectrum available for new commercial uses; and surveyed 30 experts and 79 industry stakeholders about their views on FCC's efforts to make spectrum available for new uses, its plans and actions to meet future needs, and its continued use of auctions (the survey had a 68 percent response rate).
Given the continued support of FCC's use of auctions, Congress should consider extending FCC's auction authority beyond the current expiration date of September 30, 2012. FCC provided technical comments that were incorporated as appropriate.
Matter for Congressional Consideration
Given the continued success of FCC's use of auctions, and the overwhelming support among experts and stakeholders for extending FCC's auction authority, Congress may wish to consider extending FCC's auction authority beyond the current expiration date of September 30, 2012.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was provided with authority to use auctions to assign mutually exclusive licenses for certain subscriber-based wireless services in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993. Auctions are a market-based mechanism in which FCC assigns a license to the entity that submits the highest bid for specific bands of spectrum. FCC implemented its auction authority conducting its first auction in 1994. In subsequent years, Congress modified and extended FCC's auction authority, including exempting some licenses from competitive bidding, such as licenses for public safety radio services and noncommercial educational broadcast services. As of June 30, 2011, FCC had conducted 79 auctions to select between competing applications for the same license, which had generated nearly $52 billion for the U.S. Treasury. However, FCC's auction authority was scheduled to expire on September 30, 2012. In a 2011 report, we reported that experts and stakeholders responding to our survey, by large margins, supported extending FCC's authority to assign mutually exclusive licenses by auction beyond the September 30, 2012, expiration date. In particular, 53 of 65 experts and stakeholders supported extending FCC's auction authority. We also previously reported that FCC's use of auctions to assign spectrum appeared to have had little to no negative impact on end-user prices, infrastructure deployment, and competition. We also reported that FCC's implementation of auctions had mitigated problems associated with comparative hearings and lotteries, which FCC previously used to assign licenses. Therefore, we recommended that Congress consider extending FCC's auction authority beyond the September 30, 2012, expiration date. Congress passed and on February 22, 2012, the President signed the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 (Public Law No. 112-96). This law extended FCC's auction authority until September 30, 2022. By extending FCC's auction authority, Congress and the President help promote the efficient assignment of spectrum licenses and allow the public to realize a portion of the value of a national resource used for commercial purposes.
Full Report (125 pages)
Mark Goldstein
GoldsteinM@gao.gov
BroadbandCellular telephonesFederal regulationsLicensesRadioResearch and developmentSpectrumSpectrum managementStrategic information systems planningStrategic planningSurveysTelecommunicationsTelevisionWirelessStakeholder consultations

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Who is rapper Rick Ross' wife? Details about his children and net worth in 2018
Sam January 25, 2018 Celebrity No Comments
Rick Ross' relationships have brought him into the limelight as much as his music has. The 41-year-old rapper has never had a wife but has been involved in a few high-profile relationships. Read on to know more about his girlfriends.
Rick Ross has a son and a daughter from different girlfriends
Rick Ross (real name William Leonard Roberts II) experienced parenthood for the first time twelve years ago when his former girlfriend Tia Kemp gave birth to their son, William Roberts III.
Rick has cut off all the ties with his ex-partner and with their son as well, who are living in South Florida currently. Tia said in an interview that Rick has become a sporadic figure in her son's life who did not bother to contact his son even on his birthday. William Roberts turned 12 on September 14, 2017. Tia disclosed that it was for the second time in a row that Rick did not wish his son on his birthday.
Rick Ross' son William Roberts III & daughter Toie Roberts
Tia is definitely not happy with Ross's negligence towards their son but she is also concerned for his baby daughter, whom he had with IG fitness model, Briana Camille, on September 6, 2017. Tia said, "I just hope he treats the baby better than he treats my son."
Tia has been battling Rick in the court over child support. She is infuriated by the fact that Ross is spending so much of money to live his extravagant life while it has been hard for her to even pay for her son's education. Meanwhile, the boy now suffers from anxiety and depression as a result of all the disputes between his parents.
Rick Ross' net worth and upcoming albums in 2018
Rick is counted among one of the richest American rappers. His wallet is just as large as his fame. With his earnings from Maybach Music Group, Wingstop franchises, and Reebok endorsement, Ross has already accumulated over $25 million.
Rick Ross sitting on Rolls Royce top
Ross has invested in a couple of Wingstop locations in the USA and has been promoting and designing for Big & Tall line of Reebok since 2012.
Needless to say, his albums have majorly contributed to his success. Ross is set to release his tenth album, Port of Miami 2: Born to Kill, this year. Port of Miami is his debut album, which was released in 2006.
What Happened With Taylor Strecker?
Len Cariou wiki/bio, net worth, age, married, wife, teeth, death


text:
Bigfoot Gun Belts
Suspender Clips
Belt Features
Belt Sizing Guide
When Is Drawing Your Gun Legal?
When Can You Draw Your Gun?
If a person has to engage in gun drawing, one had better be sure that they do so in the right situation. There are circumstances in which it isn't legal to draw a firearm.
Self-defense laws are almost entirely the province of the various states, as federal law doesn't cover it. Bear in mind that this is not legal advice, but rather a discussion of the publicly-available laws that exist on the topic. Please seek counsel from a qualified legal professional for any actual legal questions. If a person is going to put on a holster and gun belt, it's something a person should be aware of and think about.
Generally, You Can't Pull A Gun Unless Threatened - Or Else It's Brandishing
What's clearly distinguishable in essentially every U.S. state is that there is a difference at law between when a person decides to pull a gun for the purposes of self-defense, or when they do so for other purposes. The latter is a crime, usually a misdemeanor, most often referred to as "brandishing."
Brandishing is in virtually every state's criminal code, and is defined as when a person draws a weapon for the purposes of intimidating someone. Despite what some gun-grabbers might say, open carry doesn't qualify. It doesn't have to be a gun, per se; any deadly weapon - such as a knife, club, baseball bat, hatchet, whatever - can be brandished in such a manner and land the brandisher in handcuffs.
If one pulls a gun for self-defense, on the other hand, that is not illegal provided that a person does so due to a reasonable belief that their life or the life of another person is in jeopardy, or that they or another will suffer crippling injury if they don't pull a gun.
There are other circumstances, depending on state regulations, in which a person can use deadly force - such as (again, depending on what state a person resides in) if a felony is being committed.
You May Have To Justify Drawing A Handgun After The Fact
Whether one only is drawing a handgun or actually has to shoot in self-defense, there is something that not everyone appreciates.
Gun drawing or shooting a gun in self-defense is using deadly force. In other words, if you draw a gun or if you shoot at someone/shoot someone you've used deadly force, which is in most circumstances a criminal act. You have to justify it after the fact. Anyone who thinks defending one's self is going to garner them a garland, parades and a triumph for them in a public square is fooling themselves, and likely a unsafe carrier.
If you think you may have to pull a gun, you had better be sure or at least reasonably certain that you're doing so because you'll be seriously harmed or killed otherwise, or under any other legal circumstances in which a person can use lethal force.
Drawing A Gun Sometimes Resolves A Situation
Drawing a gun should only be done in self-defense, but there's a certain amount of evidence indicating that merely drawing a pistol may be enough to keep a violent crime from occurring. Studies into defensive gun use vary widely; there's not much consensus when it comes to the use of force in self-defense by citizens. Studies by John Lott and Kleck and Gertz have found high numbers of defensive gun use, many of which consisted entirely of mentioning the gun, showing the gun in it's holster, or drawing the gun without firing, all of which were effective.
However, other studies have found DGU rarely happens. Law enforcement studies, such as the FBI's Crime Victim Survey series, don't study DGU directly but only as a side effect of being a victim of crime.
In any case, a draw may be all that's required to end an engagement. That said, one had better be as sure as possible before pulling that the threat is real.
Born in southeastern Washington State, Sam Hoober graduated in 2011 from Eastern Washington University. He resides in the great Inland Northwest, with his wife and child. His varied interests and hobbies include camping, fishing, hunting, and spending time at the gun range as often as possible.


text:
Plasmaadvisor
Home Reviews Hypertherm 088016 Review
Hypertherm 088016 Review
Are you looking for a heavy duty plasma cutter that allows you to cut the thickest width metal quickly? The Hypertherm 088016 review could help you look into one such option.
The Hypertherm 0088016 plasma cutter is a value for money machine that ensures the highest quality output. You can cut through different sized metal sheets with this plasma cutter, regardless of whether or not they are rusty or painted. This plasma cutter is incredibly well built, and delivers as expected. It can bee used in multiple applications, including cutting and gouging. While it may require some practice, this easy to use model will have you cutting through thick metal sheets swiftly in no time.
What should you expect from the Hypertherm 088016?
The Hypertherm 0088016 plasma cutter is the most compact and portable 1/2 inch cutter on the market. It is designed for increased ease of use, thanks to its compact build and additional features such as drag-cutting technology. It is also very versatile, and is useful for cutting, piercing and gouging even when finesse is required. The torch is well suited for tight spaces, and is designed to improve visibility in such situations. This high output plasma cutter will reduce your need to grind on edges before your cut without affecting the outcome.
Aside from a great build, the model also features integration with automated cutting equipment such as the mechanized torch. It will make light work of 1/2 inch cuts thanks to its 45 Amp output. It also has a 20 foot lead, which allows for convenient work. This model will optimize your workplace efficiency, with up to a 20% cut on oxy-fuel cutter time. With the right use, your consumable life could even be extended for value for money service.
Hypertherm 088016 features and specifications
The Hypertherm 008016 plasma cutter is a great model for high output work in tough environments. It is designed to handle heavy duty use, and is the most compact 1/2 inch plasma cutter available. This portable plasma cutter is also very convenient to use, thanks to patented pilot arc technology and a long lead.
The instruction manual provided and directional videos available online should make it easy to understand how to set up and use this model. It has a short learning curve, although some practice will be necessary for new users. But are there any other Hypertherm 0088016 features and specs that make it stand out? We go into the details below.
Design advantages
The model's small and compact build makes it very portable. It is also designed with a specialized torch that allows for precision work in tight spaces. The torch can handle the heavy duty output of this model, which is quantified at 20 inches per minute for 1/2 inch metal. The Hypertherm 008016 also features a 20-fooot long lead, allowing you some convenience when working. It includes an automated air pressure calibration system, which reduces the need for maintenance. The chords on this model are industrial grade, which means that they will offer a sustained performance even under heavy duty terms. It is also very economical in terms of its consumable spending rate.
The Hypertherm 0088016 plasma cutter offers a number of advanced features that boost its overall ease of use and performance. ConicalFlow technology, which focuses the arc energy density, works to produce minimal dross and maintain a high likelihood of a clean cut. The CNC interface and FastConnect ports allow for seamless connection of mechanized or handheld torch options, which can be key to minimal downtimes. The PowerCool feature facilitates the cooling of internal plasma cutter components, which ensures optimal consumables usage and plasma cutter health. The Hypertherm 0088016 also features Boost Conditioner, which compensates for variations on input voltage lines to ensure the standard of your cut is maintained even amidst fluctuating power.
Patented drag cutting system for increased ease of use
SmatSense automated air pressure calibration and monitoring system
Lightweight and portable for increased convenience
Powerful performance even on thick metal
Needs an additional air-filtration unit for best performance
The easy to set up and use Hypertherm 0088016 plasma cutter is ideal for heavy duty output. It offers great performance across different metal thicknesses, which makes it ideal for a variety of applications. It can also be used for precision cuts and gouges, thanks to its range of features such as the specially designed torch.
It has very long leads, allowing you to cut comfortably. The torch angle is also designed for a natural hand position, which places minimal strain and reduces the likelihood of errors. It is also designed for increased visibility in tight spaces, making this torch ideal even for delicate projects. The Hypertherm 0088016 works with an air compressor, but may also work with a compressed nitrogen gas source. A 1-micron air filter could be an ideal option to provide clean air to your plasma cutter for extended consumable life.
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Brian is a part time educator at a local community college, where he specializes in teaching Molecular Biology and Chemistry. He has 12 years of experience in this capacity, but has been doing home based crafts and science experiments out of his garage since he was in high school. When he is not spending time at school or in the research lab, he likes to take up DIY crafts, which he picked off YouTube five years ago. He has become a carpentry and ironwork guru, with many of his crafts donated to the school to help attract the interest of students, who spend one weekend a month at school working on their own crafts. Brian strongly believes that every DIY hotspot needs a strong, durable plasma cutter.
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More info on History of the Republic of Ireland
Background to independence
Separatism and rebellion
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Ireland first became an independent state on 6 December 1922. On that day it became a dominion in the British Commonwealth called the Irish Free State. Its independence followed a revolutionary period which began with a rebellion in 1916, the unilateral establishment of a separatist regime in 1919, and the Irish War of Independence. The state was re-established on 29 December 1937 under its current name and constitution.
1 Background to independence
1.1 Separatism and rebellion
1.2 Autonomy within United Kingdom
1.3 Anglo-Irish Treaty and Partition
1.4 Civil War
2.1 Constitution of Ireland
2.2 World War II, Neutrality, "The Emergency"
4 1973 onward
5 Relationship with Northern Ireland
6 National scandals
7 Liberalisation and economic success
Main article: Timeline of the Irish revolution
From Union in 1801 until 6 December 1922 the whole of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1914, the UK Parliament enacted a Third Irish Home Rule Bill but suspended its effect until after what was confidently expected to be a brief Great War (World War I). During the Easter Rising in Dublin, Ireland in 1916 some republican leaders contemplated giving the throne of an independent Ireland to Prince Joachim of Prussia, last son of the German Kaiser. In the late 1910s, after the execution of the leaders of the Easter Rising by the British government, and the perceived failure of the moderate home rule movement, militant nationalists in the form of the Sinn Féin party and its paramilitary wing, the Irish Volunteers, began to win popular support. In the 1918 general election Sinn Féin won the vast majority of seats, many of which were uncontested. Sinn Féin's elected candidates refused to attend the UK Parliament at Westminster and instead assembled in Dublin as a new revolutionary parliament called "Dáil Éireann". They declared the existence of a new state called the "Irish Republic" and established a system of government to rival the institutions of the United Kingdom.
The first meeting of the Dáil coincided with an unauthorized shooting of two RIC men in Tipperary, now regarded as the outbreak of the Anglo-Irish War. From 1919 to 1921 the Irish Volunteers (now renamed as the Irish Republican Army, being deemed by the Dáil to be the army of the new Irish Republic) engaged in guerrilla warfare against the British army and paramilitary police unit known as the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries. Both sides engaged in brutal acts; the Black and Tans deliberately burned entire towns and tortured civilians. The IRA attacked Loyalists who collaborated with the Crown forces, as well as burning historic homes in retaliation for the torching of homes of suspected IRA members. A few historians describe this as "ethnic cleansing of Protestant communities"[1], but most challenge[2] the validity of that interpretation, as the IRA sought to publicly humiliate, exile or kill anyone who collaborated with the British, regardless of their religion. Nevertheless, between 1911 and 1926, the Free State lost 34 percent of its Protestant population.[3] While there were many reasons for this, secession from the United Kingdom was a factor in Protestant emigration.
On 3 May 1921 the Government of Ireland Act 1920 described the partition of the island of Ireland into two autonomous regions Northern Ireland (six northeastern counties) and Southern Ireland (the rest of the island, including its most northerly county, Donegal).[4] However, political turmoil and the ongoing War of Independence meant that only the entity of Northern Ireland was established under the Act in 1921[5]. The potential entity of Southern Ireland was superseded in 1922 by the creation of the Irish Free State, meaning that "Southern Ireland" never came into existence.
Political map of Ireland.
Negotiations between the British and Irish sides produced the Anglo-Irish Treaty, concluded on 6 December 1922. The treaty envisaged a new system of Irish self government, known as "dominion status", with a new state, to be called the Irish Free State.
For three days from midnight on 6 December 1922 the newly established Irish Free State included all of the island of Ireland (including Northern Ireland).[6] However Northern Ireland left the Irish Free State on 8 December 1922. This remarkable constitutional episode arose because of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the legislation introduced to give that Treaty legal effect.[7]
The Treaty was given effect in the United Kingdom through the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922. That Act established a new Dominion for the whole island of Ireland but also allowed Northern Ireland to opt out. Under Article 12 of the Treaty, Northern Ireland could exercise its opt out by presenting an address to the King requesting not to be part of the Irish Free State. Once the Treaty was ratified, the Houses of Parliament of Northern Ireland had one month to exercise this opt out during which month the Irish Free State Government could not legislate for Northern Ireland, holding the Free State's effective jurisdiction in abeyance for a month.
Realistically, it was always certain that Northern Ireland would opt out and rejoin the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, Sir James Craig, speaking in the Parliament in October 1922 said that "when the 6th of December is passed the month begins in which we will have to make the choice either to vote out or remain within the Free State.". He said it was important that that choice was made as soon as possible after 6 December 1922 "in order that it may not go forth to the world that we had the slightest hesitation".[8] On 7 December 1922 (the day after the establishment of the Irish Free State) the Parliament demonstrated its lack of hesitation by resolving to make the following address to the King so as to opt out of the Irish Free State:[9]
"MOST GRACIOUS SOVEREIGN, We, your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Senators and Commons of Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled, having learnt of the passing of the Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922, being the Act of Parliament for the ratification of the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty between Great Britain and Ireland, do, by this humble Address, pray your Majesty that the powers of the Parliament and Government of the Irish Free State shall no longer extend to Northern Ireland."
Discussion in the Parliament of the address was short. Prime Minister Craig left for London with the memorial embodying the address on the night boat that evening, 7 December 1922. The King received it the following day, The Times reporting:[10]
"YORK COTTAGE, SANDRINGHAM, DEC. 8. The Earl of Cromer (Lord Chamberlain) was received in audience by The King this evening and presented an Address from the Houses of Parliament of Northern Ireland, to which His Majesty was graciously pleased to make reply."
With this, Northern Ireland had left the Irish Free State and rejoined the United Kingdom. If the Houses of Parliament of Northern Ireland had not made such a declaration, under Article 14 of the Treaty Northern Ireland, its Parliament and government would have continued in being but the Oireachtas would have had jurisdiction to legislate for Northern Ireland in matters not delegated to Northern Ireland under the Government of Ireland Act. This, of course, never came to pass.
On 13 December 1922 Prime Minister Craig addressed the Parliament informing them that the King had responded to the Parliament's address as follows:[11]
"I have received the Address presented to me by both Houses of the Parliament of Northern Ireland in pursuance of Article 12 of the Articles of Agreement set forth in the Schedule to the Irish Free State (Agreement) Act, 1922, and of Section 5 of the Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922, and I have caused my Ministers and the Irish Free State Government to be so informed."
Main article: Irish Civil War
On a vote of 64 to 57, the Dáil narrowly passed the Anglo-Irish Treaty on 7 January 1922.[12] Under the leadership of Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith it set about establishing the Irish Free State, a national, fully re-organised army from the IRA and a new police force, the Civic Guard (soon renamed the Garda Síochána) which replaced one of Ireland's two police forces, the Royal Irish Constabulary. The second, the Dublin Metropolitan Police merged some years later with the Garda.
However a minority led by Éamon de Valera opposed the Treaty, on the grounds that it did not create a fully independent state, or a republic, that it imposed a declaration of fidelity to the British monarch on Irish parliamentarians and that it provided for the partition of the island. De Valera led his supporters out of the Dáil and a bloody civil war, between pro and anti-treaty sides, followed; only coming to an end in 1923. The civil war cost more lives than the Anglo-Irish War that preceded it and left divisions that are still felt in Irish politics today.
After Collins's assassination in August 1922 and Griffith's natural death shortly before, W. T. Cosgrave assumed control of both the Irish Republic's cabinet and the Provisional Government and both administrations disappeared simultaneously shortly afterwards, replaced by the institutions of the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922. The Free State was a constitutional monarchy over which the British monarch reigned (from 1927 with the title "King of Ireland"). The Representative of the Crown was known as the Governor-General. The Free State had a bicameral parliament and a cabinet, called the "Executive Council" answerable to the lower house of parliament, the Free State Dáil. The head of government was called the President of the Executive Council.
The Anglo-Irish Treaty provided that should Northern Ireland choose not be included in the Free State, a Boundary Commission would be set up to revise the borders between the two jurisdictions. The Irish perspective was that this was intended to allow largely nationalist areas of Northern Ireland to join the Free State, and shortly after the establishment of the Free State this commission came into being. However the commission concentrated on economic and topographic factors, rather than the political aspirations of the people who would be living near the new border. In 1925 the Boundary Commission report, contrary to expectations, proposed ceding some small areas of the Free State to Northern Ireland. For a variety of reasons the governments agreed to accept the original Northern Ireland/Southern Ireland delineation and the Dáil approved the boundary by a large margin of 71 to 20.
The parliament of the U.K. passed The Statute of Westminster 1931, which granted legislative independence to the six Dominions, Australia, Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, New Zealand, and South Africa. In 1932, Éamon de Valera, who had been the political leader of the anti-treaty faction of Sinn Fein had resigned from Sinn Féin in 1926 to found the Fianna Fáil party. He defeated President Cosgrave in the general election and became President of the Executive Council. The 1922 Irish Free State constitution, amended through a series of legislative changes, was subsequently replaced with a new constitution. This document was drawn up by the De Valera administration. It was approved by the electorate in a plebiscite by a simple majority.
On the 29 December 1937 the new "Constitution of Ireland" came into effect, renaming the Irish Free State to simply "Éire" or in the English language "Ireland". The Governor-General was replaced by a President of Ireland and a new more powerful prime minister, called the "Taoiseach", came into being, while the Executive Council was renamed the "Government". Though it had a president, the new state was not a republic. The British monarch continued to reign theoretically as King of Ireland and was used as an "organ" in international and diplomatic relations, with the President of Ireland relegated to symbolic functions within the state but never outside it.
Main articles: Irish neutrality during World War II and The Emergency (Ireland)
The state was nominally neutral during World War II, a period known within the state as the "Emergency", though behind the scenes it worked closely with the Allies; for example the date of the D-Day Normandy landings was decided on the basis of transatlantic weather reports supplied by the Irish state. It is estimated that about 100,000 men from Ireland took part, with that number roughly evenly divided between Northern Ireland and the southern state. Tens of thousands more men who enlisted in Britain also gave next-of-kin addresses in Ireland, so the true figure is much higher. Conversely, following the suicide of Adolf Hitler, de Valera, following diplomatic protocol, controversially offered condolences to the German ambassador. The state's decision to adopt neutrality was influenced by memories of the Anglo-Irish War and the Civil War, and the state's lack of military preparedness for involvement in a war.
On 18 April 1949, the Republic of Ireland Act was enacted by the Oireachtas. That legislation described Ireland as the Republic of Ireland but did not change the country's name. The international and diplomatic functions previously vested in or exercised by the King were now vested in the President of Ireland who finally became unambiguously the Irish head of state. Under the Commonwealth rules then in force, the declaration of a republic automatically terminated the state's membership of the British Commonwealth. Unlike India, which became a republic shortly afterwards, Ireland chose not to reapply for admittance to the Commonwealth.
Though a republic since 1949, the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 that had established the Kingdom of Ireland was not finally repealed until 1962, along with many other obsolete Parliament of Ireland statutes.[13] However, long before that, the British Government in its Ireland Act 1949 recognised that "the Republic of Ireland had ceased to be part of His Majesty's dominions" (But would not be "a foreign country" for the purposes of any law).[14]
The state joined the United Nations in December 1955, after a lengthy veto by the Soviet Union.[15] Turned away by the veto of France in 1961, the state finally succeeded in joining the European Economic Community (now known as the European Union) in 1973.
The period of economic crisis of the late 1970s was a difficult time for Ireland. Fianna Fáil's budget, the abolition of the car tax, borrowing to fund spending, and global economic trouble were felt by some to have caused high unemployment and mass emigration. One possible reason for this was that the Charles Haughey and Garret FitzGerald governments borrowed even more, and tax rates went up by 60% (with one Fine Gael finance minister suggesting people were not being taxed enough). There was widespread tax evasion and political corruption. Power alternated between the Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, with some governments not even lasting a year, and in one case, three elections in a period of 18 months.
Starting in 1989 there were significant policy changes with economic reform, tax cuts, welfare reform, an increase in competition, and a ban on borrowing to fund current spending. This policy was started by the 1989–1992 Fianna Fáil/Progressive Democrat government, with the support of the opposition Fine Gael, and continued by the subsequent FF/Lab government and Fine Gael/Labour Party/Democratic Left governments. It is debated whether the tax cuts caused the "boom" or just followed it.
Irish governments have sought the peaceful unification of Ireland and in recent decades have cooperated with the UK government against paramilitary groups such as the Provisional IRA and the 'Real IRA'. Sinn Féin and the Provisional IRA refused until the 1980s to participate in the political institutions of the Republic.
The party has changed its policy stance on the existence of both the Republic and Northern Ireland, serving in the parliament of the former and the cabinet of the latter, as part of the Good Friday Agreement, which set up power-sharing institutions within Northern Ireland, North-South instructions and links between the various components of the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Irish state also changed Articles 2 and 3 of the constitution to acknowledge both the existence of Northern Ireland and the desire of Irish nationalists for a united Ireland.
Both church and state were hit by a number of scandals in the 1980s and 1990s. The revelation that one senior Catholic bishop, Eamon Casey, fathered a child by a divorcée caused a major reaction, as did the discovery of child abuse by a large number of clerics, notably the infamous paedophile Father Brendan Smyth (the incompetent handling of a request for the extradition of Smyth brought down an Irish government in 1994). Another bishop subsequently resigned over his mishandling of child abuse cases in his diocese.
Until the 1970s and 1980s the Catholic Church had great influence in Irish society. This was famously demonstrated by a number of religious references in the 1937 constitution and the controversy over health minister Noel Browne's "Mother and Child Scheme" in the 1950s. The scandals of the '80s and '90s contributed to an increased secularisation of the state, a trend which began in the 1960s and 1970s.
Also in the 1990s, a series of tribunals began inquiring into major allegations of corruption against senior politicians. Ray Burke, who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1997 was gaoled on charges of Tax Evasion in January 2005.
Since 1992 the state has become less socially conservative. Liberalisation has been championed by figures like Mary Robinson, a radical feminist senator who became President of Ireland, and David Norris, who led the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform.
Gripped by poverty and emigration for most of its existence, the state became one of the fastest growing economies in the world by the 1990s, a phenomenon known as the Celtic Tiger. By the early 2000s, the Republic had become the second richest (in terms of GDP per capita, adjusted for purchasing power parity) member of the European Union, had moved from being a net recipient of EU funds to a net contributor, and from a position of net emigration to one of net immigration.
In 2005, its per capita GDP (adjusted for purchasing power parity) became the second highest in world (behind Switzerland) with 10 percent of the population born abroad.
The Celtic Tiger started in the mid 1990s and boomed right on up to 2001, when it slowed down, only to pick up again in 2003. It slowed again in 2007 and in June 2008 the Irish Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) predicted that Ireland would go into recession briefly before growth would resume.[16][17]
^ Peter Hart The IRA at War 1916-1923(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003 ISBN 0-19-925258-0) and The IRA and Its Enemies: Violence and Community in Cork, 1916-1923 (OUP 1998, ISBN 0-19-820806-5)
^ Meda Ryan Tom Barry: IRA Freedom Fighter (Cork: Mercier Press, 2003). ISBN 1-85635-425-3 quotes Lionel Curtis, political advisor to Lloyd George, writing in early 1921 that Protestants in the south do not complain of persecution on sectarian grounds. If Protestant farmers are murdered, it is not by reason of their religion, but rather because they are under suspicion as Loyalist. The distinction is fine, but a real one.
^ the website www.wesleyjohnston.com Changing distribution of Protestants in Ireland, 1861 - 1991 http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/protestants_1861_1991.html#decline_roi
^ NSR&O 1921, No. 533.
^ John Furlong (2006). Ireland – the Name of the State. Legal Information Management, 6, pp 297-301. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/S1472669606000934
^ Times, 6 December 1922, Ulster in the Free State, Voting-Out Today, Memorial to the King
^ For further discussion, see: Dáil Éireann - Volume 7 - 20 June, 1924 The Boundary Question – Debate Resumed.
^ Northern Ireland Parliamentary Debates, 27 October 1922
^ Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report, 7 December 1922
^ Times, 9 December 1922
^ Northern Ireland Parliamentary Report, 13 December 1922, Volume 2 (1922) / Pages 1191 – 1192, 13 December 1922
^ Record of the Dáil debate on the Treaty and vote on the 7 January, 1922
^ Statute law revision Act 1962
^ Sections 1 and 2 from the UK Statute Law Database
^ Ireland joins the U.N. 1955
^ ESRI warns of recession, job losses and renewed emigration
^ Recession Ireland 2008: It may be like a Feast and a Famine as Celtic Tiger declared dead but all is not lost
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Players & Staff 'Shocked' As Arsenal Sack Beloved Physio
Arsenal's head of medical services Colin Lewin thas lost his job at the club, leaving players and staff 'shocked and upset' (via The BBC).
In the last few days, Arsenal have sacked a number of long-term staff members in a move which has left players and staff 'shocked and upset'.
First team coaches Boro Primorac and Neil Banfield, as has goalkeeping coach Gerry Peyton and regulars Tony Colbert and Paul Johnson.
Many were expected but perhaps the biggest surprise has been the decision to remove the club's head of medical services Colin Lewin.
Lewin is highly thought of amongst Arsenal fans and the football community as has fallen victim to a major restructure conducted by the club's head of high-performance Darren Burgess.
Other medical staff have been asked to re-apply for their old jobs in what has been called a 'culling' in the media.
Lewin's dismissal part of major restructuring of medical team led by head of high performance Darren Burgess.
— Sami Mokbel (@SamiMokbel81_DM) May 14, 2018
Many Arsenal fans wanted change at the club and it seems that it is coming. For decades, Arsene Wenger controlled so many aspects of the club but there appears to be a tremendous redistribution of power behind the scenes at the club. The duties carried out by Wenger and his closest confidants will now seemingly be shared amongst the new head coach as well as Ivan Gazidis, Raul Sanllehi, Sven Mislintat and Darren Burgess.
More Stories: Arsenal, Arsene Wenger, Boro Primorac, colin lewin, gerry peyton, Neil Banfield, Paul Johnson., staff, Tony Colbert


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Substance abuse counseling is helpful for any type of drug addiction. Drug counselors can assist you before, during, and after recovery. When searching for a qualified substance abuse counselor in North Port, it is important to find one you like and trust. A licensed addiction counselor is trained in human behavior, human psychology, chemical therapy, and therapeutic methods to guide you on your recovery journey.
Drug abuse counselors in North Port may also refer you or a loved one to 12-step programs or treatment facilities. Psychology Today's database is a good place to find a substance abuse counselor in North Port. They have many North Port substance abuse counselors listed on their website, along with their credentials and experience.
If alcohol abuse is consuming your life, a certified alcohol counselor can help you start treatment and can offer continuous support. A certified alcohol counselor may also assist you by recommending 12-step programs and group support. The National Association for Addiction Professionals is helpful in finding a licensed alcohol and drug counselor in North Port. The association has high standards, requiring state licensing for all substance abuse counselors, social workers, and administrators prior to certification. Contacting the association will ensure you are getting the best quality care available.
A licensed addiction counselor in North Port can guide you with compassion and skill. The counselor can help you begin recovery, and support you with ongoing, confidential one-on-one sessions. The Recovery Village can answer questions and assist you in finding a licensed, qualified addiction counselor in North Port.
Health Insurance Provider: Check with your health insurance provider for a list of qualified substance abuse counselors in North Port. Locating an addiction counselor who accepts your insurance can greatly lessen the cost of care.
Doctor's Recommendations: Your doctor has experience in working with others who have similar substance abuse disorders and can refer you to a qualified addiction counselor in North Port.
Personal Recommendations: Ask your friends if they have experience with a qualified substance abuse counselor in North Port. Personal recommendations can ensure that you find a qualified therapist.
Online Referrals: Search engines like Google and sites like Yelp often include client reviews. Reading about clients' experiences can help you find a qualified substance abuse counselor in North Port.
24-hour Hot Lines: The Recovery Village has 24-hour substance abuse hotlines for alcohol: 1-800-252-6465 and drug: 1-800-821-4357 addiction and recovery.
Living with addiction can destroy your life. Asking for help is the first step in recovery. If you or any of your loved ones are battling addiction, there are resources to help you find an addiction counselor in North Port.
The Recovery Village offers information, resources, and options for drug and alcohol counseling in your area. We are available to listen to your concerns and answer your questions. Calls are always free and confidential, and there is no obligation. Contact us to see how we can help you step into recovery.


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The park is located in Newtown, which is along the border between counties Tipperary and Limerick and located in the Glen of Aherlow, one of Ireland's most picturesque valleys.Surrounded as it is by woodland and farmland, the park offers a quiet and relaxing holiday in a country environment.
The park is centrally located within 300m of the tourist information point, Coach Road Inn and Pottery Shop. It is also within easy walking distance of The Nature Park and Aherlow House Hotel. Because of its central location. Glen of Aherlow Caravan & Camping is ideally situated for touring holidays.
On-site facilities include heated shower and toilet block, Camper's kitchen, laundry, recreation room, TV room, Wi-Fi internet access and a small shop. The park is also secured by an electronic barrier.
The surrounding area is a walkers paradise with a four mile circular walk beginning at the Park entrance. There are two national loop walk trail-heads in the Glen of Aherlow offering eight looped walks. There are lake walks to the five corrie lakes and unlimited trekking in the Galtee Mountains, Ireland's highest inland mountain range. Also cycle trails are available for the enthusiastic mountain biker.
The Park is centrally located with 300 metres of the Tourist Office, Coach Road Inn and Pottery Shop.There are a range of hotels and restaurants within a close proximity and bicycles can be hired locally.Activities in the area include mountain biking, horse riding, golf and fishing.
The Glen of Aherlow Caravan & Camping Park- chosen as Ireland's Best Inland Holiday Destination 2013.