text:
Mike Hubbard receives a hideously lenient sentence today, and that might be the first sign that post-trial skulduggery is in the works and gaining momentum
Mike Hubbard
The Mike Hubbard case always has been about more than the 23 counts of ethics-law violations against the speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives. In a big-picture sense, it's been about this: Do Alabamians have any reason to trust their dysfunctional state courts? The answer, after Hubbard was sentenced today, is a resounding no.
Lee County Circuit Judge Jacob Walker III this morning sentenced Hubbard to four years in prison, eight years on probation and ordered him to pay a $210,000 fine on 12 felony ethics convictions. Hubbard was not ordered to pay restitution, even though evidence showed (and a jury found) that he used his public office to enrich himself by more than $1 million. Also, Hubbard was allowed to remain free, pending an appeal.
What kind of sentence is this? In a word, it is noxious.
Each count for which Hubbard was convicted carried a range of two to 20 years in prison. At a minimum, Hubbard was facing 24 years behind bars for his 12 convictions. But he got four years? We're supposed to believe that represents justice? We're supposed to believe Alabama judges take white-collar corruption seriously? We're supposed to believe Mike Hubbard didn't receive special treatment because he's white and male and "conservative"?
Most importantly, we're supposed to believe the rule of law holds in Alabama courts? Don't make me laugh.
The office of Attorney General Luther Strange started this charade by asking that Hubbard be incarcerated for five years. But less than two years ago, Strange asked for 50-year sentences in the ethics-law case of former state education official Deann Stone and her husband, Dave Stone.
How does "justice" work in "Big Lutha World"? If your name is Deann Stone or Dave Stone, Lutha wants to put you away for 50 years. If your name is Mike Hubbard, and you long have been connected to the Riley Inc. political machine, Lutha wants you to get five years -- and these are cases that were governed by the same law and presented similar facts, under the same attorney general.
Judge Walker, who was born with a silver spoon in his mouth and long has been part of the legal elite in east Alabama, is even worse than Strange. He sentences Hubbard to four years, orders no restitution, and allows the former speaker to remain free pending an appeal.. For good measure, Judge Walker had a clear conflict of interest all along, but Strange's office never bothered to challenge whether Walker was suited (under the law) to hear the case at all.
Judge Jacob Wlker III
We showed the other day that any matter involving Strange and Bill Baxley (Hubbard's defense lawyer) is likely to be suspect. Did Strange, Baxley, and Walker know all along that Hubbard was going to receive an outrageously lenient sentence? A reasonable observer could say yes.
But that's not all. Consider Baxley's words today regarding an appeal:
"I believe with all my being after everything we've gone through that Mike Hubbard is absolutely innocent of every charge he was found guilty of," Baxley told Walker Friday.
That might just be the blathering of an old lawyer who gave up the moral high ground years ago to serve the interests of corrupt conservatives. But consider this from Baxley about one week ago:
"Mark my words, the verdict will not stand," Baxley said.
Is that more blathering or does Baxley have inside knowledge about how the appellate process is likely to play out? That's not an off-the-wall question when you consider that trial testimony showed Hubbard considered funneling $10 million to the state court system, just in case he might need a favor someday from Roy Moore, chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court. Consider these words from Joe Miller's report at The New Republic:
Hubbard had his own reasons for saving $10 million that went beyond closing holes in the budget. According to testimony, he was hoping to carve off $10 million that he could shift to the state's court system, which was run by Roy Moore. (Moore is currently under suspension for ordering court officials statewide to disobey a mandate from the federal courts to grant marriage license to same-sex couples.) Hubbard—who at the time was the subject of a grand jury investigation—reportedly believed that if he could help Moore, Moore might be of help to him at some point in the future. The parties involved were on board with this plan, too.
Perhaps some Alabamians have been conned into believing that Hubbard's convictions before a jury of his peers in his home county mean state courts have been renewed. It's much too early to buy into that. It's hard to see where there were any errors of fact or law at the trial level. But don't be surprised if Roy Moore and Co. overturn Hubbard's convictions anyway. Don't be surprised if Mike Hubbard never sets foot in a prison cell.
Judge Walker's sentencing today might be the first official sign that something smells to high heaven in Lee County.
Labels: David Stone, Deann Stone, Jacob Walker III, Joe Miller, Luther Strange, Mike Hubbard, The New Republic
David in S. Alabama said...
After the Judge finished sentencing Hubbard his lawyers filed a motion asking for an investigation into jury misconduct. In it they quoted juror statements and the fact that one juror had consulted a private attorney during the trial. How could his attorney know such things? Maybe you can find this motion online.
Yes, I've read a few stories about that this p.m., David. Thanks for sharing. My understanding is the affiant's name has been redacted. Until he/she is ready to stand behind his affidavit, it doesn't mean much of anything at the moment.
My guess is that this is a white juror complaining about black jurors. I also would guess someone planned this little procedure well in advance.
Bill Britt posted something interesting at AL Pol. Reporter today. Here it is ---
Judge Jacob Walker, III, said at sentencing that this was a serious matter. He also said that there were no sentencing guidelines, because this case fell outside of any guidelines.
That is interesting, @7:47. Thanks for sharing. I wish Walker had expounded on that some, because it sure seems confusing. From my research, Hubbard was charged with a Class B felony, which carries a 2-20 year range. There were some changes to Alabama sentencing guidelines in, I believe, 2013. Was there something in those changes that forces this case outside guidelines? Walker really needs to explain this to the public.
This Hubbard chit looks to be more hooked up than a mobbed up towing company in Cicero Ill!
Phil Fleming said...
Where is Lee Harvey Oswald-when you really need him?!!??
George Fleming said...
Not just coincidentally, here is what some officers of the court had to say about another recent case in the news. Haven't we heard all of this before?
"Our office is committed to ferreting out and prosecuting all forms of corruption and fraud, regardless of who the offender is," U.S. Attorney A. Lee Bentley III said as the indictment was released Friday morning. "In our nation, no one is above the law."
Assistant Attorney General Leslie Caldwell: "Corruption erodes the public's trust in our entire system of representative government. One of the department's most important responsibilities is to root out corruption at all levels of government and to bring wrongdoers to justice."
http://www.news4jax.com/news/investigations/congresswoman-corrine-brown-in-federal-court
Equal justice under law is a phrase engraved on the front of the United States Supreme Court building in Washington D.C. It is also a societal ideal that has influenced the American legal system. The phrase was proposed by the building's architects, and then approved by judges of the Court in 1932.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_justice_under_law
Mike and three jurors were invited to he Victoria to discuss Mike's conviction for speaking profanity. Riley took Mike aside and invited Mike to accompany him to the ships vault to view the wealth they had amassed. Mike replied,"Yes. Lets look at how much money we have.Men of my genius die with more money than they can spend in two lifetimes.
Riley produced a bottle of Medoc wine. We drink this bottle of Laffitte in honor of you Mike. Its boldness symbolizes your moniker.
As they progess deeper into the ships bowels, Mike stumbles in the low light. Mike! Lets enter the mess hall and rest. They enter the snipe's mess to be greeted by Carly Simon singing on the jukebox. Riley obtained a bottle of Da Grave wine. Mike blurted out" You keep high price wine in the peon's mess?" Riley replied that the crew is forbidden to touch the wine. He keeps it there to remind them of who owns the ship. Riley continued. This 2002 vintage year Chateau La Misson Haut-Brion was inspired by the greatest most brilliant Alabama Politician ever. Mike raised the bottle near his lips and said "To Mike Hubbard". Riley cut his eyes to the Family Creast on the bulkhead. When Mike lowered the bottle, he said to Riley "That sure is a big foot on the snake on that shield. And I have seen the words-Nemo me impune Lacessit- on a plack in Jr's office."
" Khoff Khak Khak!!" Come Mike. This cigarette smoke is not good for your health. As the mess hall door closed behind them, a country ballard could be heard ending on the juke box. Hey, Oney, Oney,
Time to move from Alabama. No hope
I remember when the press called John Gotti "The 'Teflon' Don". Can we compare The Alabama Republican Party to The Gambino Crime Family?
Lets look at what Big Luthers on going lee county grand jury did accomplish.
1. Sonny Reagan who lead Big L's crusade against Bingo fired for leaking grand jury information but not indicted. He is a witness in McGregors civil suit. Better keep his mouth shut'
2. Gene Sisson who worked with Reagan shutting down Bingo fired for undermining the grand jury but not indicted. He is a witness in McGregors civil suit. Better keep his mouth shut.
3. Tim Fuhrman former FBI who worked with Keith Baker prosecuting McGregor during the Bingo Trial. Hired by Big L. Fired for assisting Reagan and Sisson to undermine the grand jury but not indicted. He is a witness in McGregors civil suit. Better keep his mouth shut.
4.Steve French Former state senator who testified for prosecution in the Bingo Trial. Made a plea bargain during grand jury. Must testify to what Matt Hart determines is the truth. he is a witness in McGregors civil suit. Better keep his mouth shut.
5.Barry Moore Debra Moore (not his wife)was a witness in the Bingo trial.Barry found not guilty of lying to grand jury. Debra would be a witness in McGregors civil suit. Better keep their mouth shut.
6. Barry Mask State representative who testified for prosecution in Bingo Trial. He resigned in Sept 2013 during the grand jury investigation, Mask would be a witness in McGregors civil suit. Better keep his mouth shut.
7.Mike Hubbard He is the link to connect all the parts
8.do you get the picture yet.
9. Lowell Barron was a prosecution witness in the Bingo Trials. Big Luther brought ethics charges against him. He had been in the legislature for 28 years and knows where all the bodies are buried. Big Luther dropped charges like a hot potatoe. Barron is a witness in Mcgregor civil suit. He better keep his mouth shut.
10. Keith Baker the former FBI agent who prosecuted Don Siegelman and McGregor.He now works for Big Luther and investigated all the people listed above.(1 thru 9)
This continues to grow more incredible. So after being harassed by Agent Baker and accused of aiding McGregor, exactly how did the late, former Deputy Attorney General, Bob Caviness pass away? Was it the commonly implemented Southern suicide method–– bullet shot to the head? Former Agent Baker's now a valuable resource for the present state AG's office? Shameless!
How long will the gullible general public continue to buy these [suicide] stories without demanding thorough investigations?
Genuine condolences to the Caviness family! At some point the general public must demand answers.
http://blog.al.com/montgomery-independent/2011/03/fbi_harassed_deputy_ag_who_committed_suicide_last_year.html
Oh.. so extramarital affairs are the norm in Alabama government? No wonder Baker has a cushy job in the Attorney General's office?
[Keith] Baker, the federal government's lead investigator on the case, had been involved in an extramarital affair with the court reporter — a breach of ethics for Baker, a possible conflict of interest for both and only the beginning of the sort of odd and unexpected twists that shaped the "Bingo trial."
Details of Baker's affair and an alleged coverup are contained in thousands of pages of previously-sealed motions, orders and transcripts from closed hearings and in-chambers conferences, all of which were recently made public when a federal judge granted the Montgomery Advertiser's motion to unseal those records.
http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/special-reports/2015/07/25/integrity-paramount-victoryland-trial/30668533/
Mike Hubbard trial legal teams:
Prosecutation
1.Big Luther Formerly worked for Bradley Arant
2. Alice Martin assistant attorney general Former U.S. Attorney for Alabama. Brought charges against Don Siegelman in 2004.
3.Matt Hart worked for Alice Martin in 2004
4.Keith Baker Former FBI who prosecuted Don Siegelman and Milton Mcgregor
5. Katie Langer prosecutor for Big Luther. She was the juror accused of misconduct in Don Siegelman's trial
1 White Attorney for McGregor in past cases. Job was to hammer prosecution misconduct. I give him a passing grade.
2.Baxley Job was to have Mike found not guilty on charges relating to Riley Machine. I grade him excellent.
3.Bell His job is to help Big Luther get out of the hole he finds himself in. I can not grade him until the motion he filed on juror misconduct is resolved.
Adams and Oliver Mike's attorneys. Have done an excellant job of not expending assets on issues that are a losing battle. Most of Mike's defense has been financed by others. They have only one handgrenade and will save it for the right moment. I grade them excellent.
When will Roy Moore cast the Ten Commandment tablets upon his own adulterous, scandalous political party? Looks as though leadership in Alabama is drowning in hypocrisy.
Amen."Mega Dittos".
This might sound naive and a little wishful thinking to go with it but is it possible that Hubbard's sentence was short because he cooperated with prosecution and investigators to receive a lighter sentence? Is Hubbard the type that would do that?
Robby Scott Hill said...
Right on anonymous 10 July at 9:34 AM. You could make a James Bond film with these people. Katie Langer should reprise the character "Bambi" from 1971's Diamonds Are Forever & bring back Halle Berry as "Thumper." It would be fun to watch them turn cartwheels & kick the shit out of people. Mark Fuller could play Willard Whyte, the not so intelligent cowboy who owns the big defense contracting conglomerate that is really controlled by SPECTRE, & he wouldn't even need to study for the role. Stan Stabler is absolutely the dumb ass sheriff who can't stop his men from stepping on their own dicks & crashing all their vehicles.. Finally, you gotta cast Bob Riley as Blofeld because he takes everybody's money & always gets away! As for Lee Harvey Oswald, whenever you need him, he has a double, much like Ernst Stavro Blofeld does. The Special Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge & Extortion gets a bad rap. They're just former government employees like us who recognized that the state is controlled by the Capitalists & who have recognized that the only way world peace can be achieved is outside the boundaries of the law.
Funny, funny stuff, Rob. Thanks for providing laughs this a.m. Just one question remains: Who plays Pussy Galore?
Very good question, @2:21. I have the same sort of wishful thinking. Would welcome insight from any of our legal types out there.
Lots of interesting questions, @9:34. Has McGregor already filed a civil case, or is that something he is planning to do?
@ 9:34 here
I have not seen a document. I have seen the people he would sue dissolve their physical assets. At this moment he could only sue the people in Auburn for personal damages. Once he opens Victoryland, he will sue for millions. Thus the on going lee co grand jury to force all the people he would subpoena to give "Billy Bird" testimony.
Billy Canary used it. A bird brain could remember to testify "I dont recall" Big Luther has lost control of Hubbard. He needs Hubbard to win this tainted jury appeal and accept a plea bargain. The Federal Govt made a Big Big mistake when they allowed Josh Moon to get those transcripts thru the FOIA. Don Siegelman could not get the time of day. Who knows, It could have been some one teed-off at Alabama for challenging the pre-clearance act, let them be released. You can rest assured that some one is frightened for them to pull this on going lee co grand jury scheme.
@9:34 Again
Mike Hubbard's trial and the on going lee co grand jury are two different issues. You will not see anymore indictments but it will stay empanelled. Poor ole Kyle wrote an article on who will be tried next, and was sent to Siberia to give a weather report.
Pussy Galore's first name is Jean. She sat in the front desk of my chemistry class in 1964. She wore tiiighttt shhorttt skirts. She would squirm around towards the end of class and you could see her garter strap. I wear a AU ( Chemical symbol for gold) ball cap to remind me of her. I also wear a Moses medallion on a chain around my neck to remind me of that garter strap that led you to the promised land. People mistake me for a white christian republican Auburn fan. I am actually a agnostic Bama fan. But I am a republican. Jean married a lawyer here in Alabama,
--"I believe with all my being after everything we've gone through that Mike Hubbard is absolutely innocent of every charge he was found guilty of," Baxley told Walker Friday.--
And no comment from Baxley on the Riley-connected charges of which he was found not guilty. lolol...
Sounds interesting @Anonymous 1:57 PM. If her husband was on Ashley Madison, like half the lawyers in this state, you might still have a chance. 70 is the new 50. Pussy Galore was a character from Goldfinger who was an acrobatic pilot based in Kentucky. I'm not sure we have anyone in the Montgomery Scene who can match her. That's why I'm up here in Huntsville with all the female test pilots & astronauts. Lol
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text:
Download Zipped Introduced WordPerfect HB0178.ZIP
[Status][Bill Documents][Fiscal Note][Bills Directory]
H.B. 178
1 DISPATCHER SERVICE AMENDMENTS
2 2011 GENERAL SESSION
3 STATE OF UTAH
4 Chief Sponsor: Richard A. Greenwood
5 Senate Sponsor: John L. Valentine
7 LONG TITLE
8 General Description:
9 This bill modifies the Peace Officer Standards and Training Act regarding the
10 certification of dispatchers.
11 Highlighted Provisions:
12 This bill:
13 . modifies the definition of "good moral character";
14 . changes the time period for becoming inactive from one year to 18 months;
15 . provides for suspension of a dispatcher's certification if annual training is not
16 satisfactorily completed;
17 . revises the process for the suspension or revocation of a dispatcher's certification,
18 including:
19 . authorizing the Peace Officer Standards and Training Council to suspend or
20 revoke the certification of a dispatcher;
21 . amending the grounds for suspension or revocation; and
22 . providing procedures for adjudicative hearings, including burdens of proof and
23 levels of proof required; and
24 . provides that if a dispatcher relinquishes certification when a disciplinary procedure
25 against the dispatcher is pending, the dispatcher may not be certified again as a
26 dispatcher in Utah.
27 Money Appropriated in this Bill:
28 None
29 Other Special Clauses:
31 Utah Code Sections Affected:
32 AMENDS:
33 53-6-302, as last amended by Laws of Utah 2010, Chapters 283 and 324
34 53-6-304, as enacted by Laws of Utah 1995, Chapter 134
36 ENACTS:
37 53-6-311, Utah Code Annotated 1953
38 REPEALS AND REENACTS:
41 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the state of Utah:
42 Section 1. Section 53-6-302 is amended to read:
43 53-6-302. Applicants for certification examination -- Requirements.
44 (1) Before being allowed to take a dispatcher certification examination, each applicant
45 shall meet the following requirements:
46 (a) be a United States citizen;
47 (b) be 18 years of age or older at the time of employment as a dispatcher;
48 (c) be a high school graduate or have a G.E.D. equivalent;
49 (d) have not been convicted of a crime for which the applicant could have been
50 punished by imprisonment in a federal penitentiary or by imprisonment in the penitentiary of
51 this or another state;
52 (e) have demonstrated good moral character, as determined by a background
53 investigation; and
54 (f) be free of any physical, emotional, or mental condition that might adversely affect
55 the performance of the applicant's duty as a dispatcher.
56 (2) (a) An application for certification shall be accompanied by a criminal history
57 background check of local, state, and national criminal history files and a background
58 investigation.
59 (b) The costs of the background check and investigation shall be borne by the applicant
60 or the applicant's employing agency.
61 [(i) Conviction of any offense not serious enough to be covered under Subsection
62 (1)(d), involving dishonesty, unlawful sexual conduct, physical violence, or the unlawful use,
63 sale, or possession for sale of a controlled substance is an indication that an applicant may not
64 be of good moral character and may be grounds for denial of certification or refusal to give a
65 certification examination.]
66 [(ii) An applicant may be allowed to take a certification examination provisionally,
67 pending completion of any background check or investigation required by this
68 Subsection (2)(b).]
69 (3) (a) Notwithstanding Title 77, Chapter 40, Utah Expungement Act, regarding
70 expungements, or a similar statute or rule of any other jurisdiction, any conviction obtained in
71 this state or other jurisdiction, including a conviction that has been expunged, dismissed, or
72 treated in a similar manner to either of these procedures, may be considered for purposes of this
73 section.
74 (b) Subsection (3)(a) applies to convictions entered both before and after May 1, 1995.
75 (4) Any background check or background investigation performed pursuant to the
76 requirements of this section shall be to determine eligibility for admission to training programs
77 or qualification for certification examinations and may not be used as a replacement for any
78 background investigations that may be required of an employing agency.
79 (5) An applicant is considered to be of good moral character under Subsection (1)(e) if
80 the applicant has not engaged in conduct that would be a violation of Subsection 53-6-309 (1)
81 or (2).
83 53-6-304. Waiver of training course requirement.
84 (1) The director may waive the required basic dispatcher training course and certify an
85 applicant who:
86 (a) provides evidence that the applicant meets the requirements under Section
87 53-6-302 , relating to qualifications for admission to the training course;
88 (b) provides evidence that the applicant has completed a basic dispatcher training
89 program that, in the director's judgment, is equivalent to the course required for certification
90 under this part; and
91 (c) passes [a written] the certification examination[, an oral examination, or both, that
92 affirms the applicant's ability in public safety communications].
93 (2) An applicant who fails the examination under Subsection (1)(c) shall complete the
94 basic dispatcher training course and pass the [dispatcher] certification examination to become
95 certified.
97 53-6-306. Inactive and lapsed certificates -- Reinstatement -- Continuing
98 education requirements.
99 (1) (a) The certificate of a dispatcher who has not been actively engaged in performing
100 the duties of a dispatcher for [one year shall be] 18 consecutive months or more is designated
101 "inactive."
102 [(b) If a dispatcher having an inactive certificate becomes reemployed or subsequently
103 reengaged as a dispatcher, the dispatcher's certificate may be reissued or reinstated by the
104 director upon successful completion by that dispatcher of the certification examination.]
105 [(c) The director may require a dispatcher with an inactive certificate to successfully
106 complete the basic dispatcher training course before reissuing or reinstating certification.]
107 (b) A dispatcher whose certificate is inactive shall pass the certification examination
108 before the certificate may be reissued or reinstated.
109 (2) (a) The certificate of a dispatcher who has not been actively engaged in performing
110 the duties of a dispatcher for four continuous years shall be designated "lapsed."
111 (b) [Subject to Section 53-6-305 , a] A dispatcher [having a lapsed] whose certificate
112 has lapsed shall successfully complete the basic training course and pass the certification
113 examination before the certificate may be reissued or reinstated.
114 (3) (a) A certified dispatcher shall complete annual training approved by the director of
115 20 hours or more.
116 [(b) (i) If a certified dispatcher does not complete the annual training requirement, then
117 that dispatcher's certificate shall be designated "inactive," and after one year, shall be
118 designated "lapsed."]
119 [(ii) The reinstatement of an inactive or a lapsed certificate under Subsection (3) shall
120 be governed by rules made by the director.]
121 (b) If a dispatcher fails to satisfactorily complete the annual training, the dispatcher's
122 certificate shall be suspended until any deficiency in the annual training is remedied.
123 Section 4. Section 53-6-309 is repealed and reenacted to read:
124 53-6-309. Suspension or revocation of certification -- Right to a hearing --
125 Grounds -- Notice to employer -- Reporting.
126 (1) The council has authority to suspend or revoke the certification of a dispatcher, if
127 the dispatcher:
128 (a) willfully falsifies any information to obtain certification;
129 (b) has any physical or mental disability affecting the dispatcher's ability to perform
130 duties;
131 (c) is addicted to alcohol or any controlled substance, unless the dispatcher reports the
132 addiction to the employer and to the director as part of a departmental early intervention
133 process;
134 (d) engages in conduct that is a state or federal criminal offense, but not including a
135 traffic offense that is a class C misdemeanor or infraction;
136 (e) refuses to respond, or fails to respond truthfully, to questions after having been
137 issued a warning issued based on Garrity v. New Jersey, 385 U.S. 493 (1967); or
138 (f) engages in sexual conduct while on duty.
139 (2) The council may not suspend or revoke the certification of a dispatcher for a
140 violation of the employing agency's policies, general orders, or guidelines of operation that do
141 not amount to a cause of action under Subsection (1).
142 (3) (a) The division is responsible for investigating dispatchers who are alleged to have
143 engaged in conduct in violation of Subsection (1).
144 (b) The division shall initiate all adjudicative proceedings under this section by
145 providing to the dispatcher involved notice and an opportunity for a hearing before an
146 administrative law judge.
147 (c) All adjudicative proceedings under this section are civil actions, notwithstanding
148 whether the issue in the adjudicative proceeding is a violation of statute that may be prosecuted
149 criminally.
150 (d) (i) The burden of proof on the division in an adjudicative proceeding under this
151 section is by clear and convincing evidence.
152 (ii) If a dispatcher asserts an affirmative defense, the dispatcher has the burden of proof
153 to establish the affirmative defense by a preponderance of the evidence.
154 (e) If the administrative law judge issues findings of fact and conclusions of law stating
155 there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the dispatcher engaged in conduct that is in
156 violation of Subsection (1), the division shall present the finding and conclusions issued by the
157 administrative law judge to the council.
158 (f) The division shall notify the agency that employs the involved dispatcher of the
159 investigation and shall provide any information or comments concerning the dispatcher
160 received from that agency regarding the dispatcher to the council before a dispatcher's
161 certification may be suspended or revoked.
162 (g) If the administrative law judge finds that there is insufficient evidence to
163 demonstrate that the dispatcher is in violation of Subsection (1), the administrative law judge
164 shall dismiss the adjudicative proceeding.
165 (4) (a) The council shall review the findings of fact and conclusions of law and the
166 information concerning the dispatcher provided by the dispatcher's employing agency and
167 determine whether to suspend or revoke the dispatcher's certification.
168 (b) A council member shall recuse himself or herself from consideration of an issue
169 that is before the council if the council member:
170 (i) has a personal bias for or against the dispatcher;
171 (ii) has a substantial pecuniary interest in the outcome of the proceeding and may gain
172 or lose some benefit from the outcome; or
173 (iii) employs, supervises, or works for the same agency as the dispatcher whose case is
174 before the council.
175 (5) (a) Termination of a dispatcher, whether voluntary or involuntary, does not
176 preclude suspension or revocation of a dispatcher's certification by the council if the dispatcher
177 was terminated for any of the reasons under Subsection (1).
178 (b) Employment by another agency, or reinstatement of a dispatcher by the original
179 employing agency after termination by that agency, whether the termination was voluntary or
180 involuntary, does not preclude suspension or revocation of a dispatcher's certification by the
181 council if the dispatcher was terminated for any of the reasons under Subsection (1).
182 (6) An agency that is made aware of an allegation against a dispatcher employed by
183 that agency that involves conduct in violation of Subsection (1) shall investigate the allegation
184 and report to the division if the allegation is found to be true.
185 Section 5. Section 53-6-311 is enacted to read:
186 53-6-311. Voluntary relinquishment of dispatcher certification.
187 (1) (a) A dispatcher may voluntarily relinquish the dispatcher's certification to the
188 division at any time when a disciplinary issue regarding the dispatcher has been referred to the
189 division.
190 (b) A dispatcher who voluntarily relinquishes certification under this Subsection (1)
191 may not subsequently be certified as a dispatcher in Utah.
192 (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a dispatcher whose certification has become
193 inactive as provided in Section 53-6-306 .
Legislative Review Note
as of 1-28-11 12:20 PM
[Bill Documents][Bills Directory]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Out of the Darkroom, Into the Light | Bloom In the Dark, Inc.
I'm so excited to introduce to you another Ex-Victim who has shared her testimony of brokenness and abuse to give hope. Tracey Casciano is an inspiration. I'm thrilled to be sharing this book that showed me how God is always faithful to meet and heal us. I cried through parts of it, but finished it with great hope. I'm blessed to be friends with someone else who refuses to stay silent. Thank you Tracey!!
Q: Did you always want to write a book?
A: Not this book! I am a mother to four wonderful sons and thought that it would be fun to write about all the experiences (good and not so good) that I've had. When God told me to write this book, I was very scared.
Q: Which has been tougher – forgiving your parents or believing in yourself?
A: I have an amazing husband and incredible friends who have helped me believe in myself. Forgiving my parents was tougher because I thought it meant that they would be "off the hook" for what they had done. Once I learned that forgiveness would allow me to move on, it allowed me to be free.
Q: What are some of the most dramatic early responses from your readers?
A: My closest friends from my childhood and my in-laws were shocked by what I had endured and were very supportive. Others who read my book started sharing that they too had a similar past, which confirmed the need for this book.
Q: What was the hardest part about writing this book?
A: I struggled with the memories and emotions as I wrote the book, but as I realized that I was writing to help other people, it became easier. My story is just one of many out there and I feel strongly that these stories need to be heard in order for victims to heal.
Q: What is your message to readers who are struggling as a result of childhood abuse?
A: You aren't alone! I didn't tell anyone about my past until I was 41 years old. I was full of shame and guilt and was afraid of being judged. Get help, trust God, and remember that forgiveness will ultimately bring you peace.
Q: What are your goals for "Out of the Darkroom"?
A: My goal is to have my book get in the hands of those who need help with healing and forgiveness. I hope that by sharing my story other victims will feel more free to talk about their past and the stigma of abuse will go away.
Tracey is a passionate speaker and writer ready to shine a light for Jesus. She shines that light through encouraging words as a blogger, speaker, and writer to help others who may be suffering or doubting themselves on their current path in life. After a childhood with an alcoholic mother and abusive father, her love for the Lord helped her rise above her past. She describes this in her book, "Out of the Darkroom, Into the Light: A Story of Faith and Forgiveness After Child Abuse." She is happily married and in the midst of raising four wonderful sons. Tracey has a background in Special Education, has taught History in public high school for eight years, and has been a missionary in Guatemala and the Dominican Republic. Learn more about Tracey and her book at her website www.traceycasciano.com, on her blog https://Ephesians2v8.wordpress.com, twitter @TraceyCasciano, and Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/TMCasciano/).


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text:
package org.openehealth.ipf.platform.camel.ihe.fhir.core;

import ca.uhn.fhir.context.FhirContext;
import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
import org.apache.camel.Endpoint;
import org.apache.camel.support.DefaultComponent;
import org.openehealth.ipf.commons.ihe.core.atna.AuditStrategy;
import org.openehealth.ipf.commons.ihe.fhir.DefaultFhirRegistry;
import org.openehealth.ipf.commons.ihe.fhir.FhirInteractionId;
import org.openehealth.ipf.commons.ihe.fhir.FhirProvider;
import org.openehealth.ipf.commons.ihe.fhir.FhirTransactionConfiguration;
import org.openehealth.ipf.commons.ihe.fhir.audit.FhirAuditDataset;
import org.openehealth.ipf.platform.camel.ihe.atna.AuditableComponent;
import org.openehealth.ipf.platform.camel.ihe.core.InterceptableComponent;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Abstract FHIR Camel component
 *
 * @author Christian Ohr
 * @since 3.1
 */
public abstract class FhirComponent<AuditDatasetType extends FhirAuditDataset>
        extends DefaultComponent implements AuditableComponent<AuditDatasetType>, InterceptableComponent {

    private FhirInteractionId<AuditDatasetType> fhirInteractionId;

    public FhirComponent(FhirInteractionId<AuditDatasetType> fhirInteractionId) {
        this.fhirInteractionId = fhirInteractionId;
    }

    public FhirComponent(CamelContext context, FhirInteractionId<AuditDatasetType> fhirInteractionId) {
        super(context);
        this.fhirInteractionId = fhirInteractionId;
    }

    /**
     * Connects the URL specified on the endpoint to the specified processor.
     *
     * @param consumer         the consumer
     * @param resourceProvider the resource provider
     */
    public void connect(FhirConsumer<AuditDatasetType> consumer, FhirProvider resourceProvider) {
        var name = consumer.getEndpoint().getInterceptableConfiguration().getServletName();
        DefaultFhirRegistry.getFhirRegistry(name).register(resourceProvider);
    }

    /**
     * Disconnects the URL specified on the endpoint from the specified processor.
     *
     * @param consumer the consumer
     * @throws Exception can be thrown
     */
    public void disconnect(FhirConsumer<AuditDatasetType> consumer, FhirProvider resourceProvider) throws Exception {
        var name = consumer.getEndpoint().getInterceptableConfiguration().getServletName();
        DefaultFhirRegistry.getFhirRegistry(name).unregister(resourceProvider);
    }

    /**
     * Initializes a default FHIR context for this component. Only called if the endpoint does
     * not define its own.
     *
     * @return initialized default FHIR context
     */
    public FhirContext initializeDefaultFhirContext() {
        return getFhirTransactionConfiguration().initializeFhirContext();
    }

    public boolean isCompatibleContext(FhirContext fhirContext) {
        return getFhirTransactionConfiguration().getFhirVersion() == fhirContext.getVersion().getVersion();
    }

    protected FhirEndpointConfiguration<AuditDatasetType> createConfig(String remaining, Map<String, Object> parameters) throws Exception {
        return new FhirEndpointConfiguration<>(this, remaining, parameters);
    }

    @Override
    protected Endpoint createEndpoint(String uri, String remaining, Map<String, Object> parameters) throws Exception {
        var config = createConfig(remaining, parameters);
        // Component configuration determines if lazy loading is allowed or not. Otherwise the endpoint has
        // the choice to do so.
        if (!fhirInteractionId.getFhirTransactionConfiguration().supportsLazyLoading() &&
                parameters.containsKey(FhirEndpointConfiguration.LAZY_LOAD_BUNDLES) &&
                Boolean.parseBoolean((String) parameters.get(FhirEndpointConfiguration.LAZY_LOAD_BUNDLES))) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The FHIR component " + getClass().getSimpleName() +
                    " is configured to not support lazy-loading of bundles, but the endpoint requested to do so.");
        }
        return doCreateEndpoint(uri, config);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new endpoint instance
     *
     * @param uri    the endpoint URI
     * @param config FhirEndpointConfiguration
     * @return a new endpoint instance
     */
    protected abstract FhirEndpoint<?, ?> doCreateEndpoint(String uri, FhirEndpointConfiguration<AuditDatasetType> config);

    /**
     * @return component-specific configuration
     */
    public FhirTransactionConfiguration<AuditDatasetType> getFhirTransactionConfiguration() {
        return getInteractionId().getFhirTransactionConfiguration();
    }

    @Override
    public AuditStrategy<AuditDatasetType> getServerAuditStrategy() {
        return getFhirTransactionConfiguration().getServerAuditStrategy();
    }

    @Override
    public AuditStrategy<AuditDatasetType> getClientAuditStrategy() {
        return getFhirTransactionConfiguration().getClientAuditStrategy();
    }

    public FhirInteractionId<AuditDatasetType> getInteractionId() {
        return fhirInteractionId;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the FHIR interactionID.
     * @param fhirInteractionId interactionID
     */
    public void setFhirInteractionId(FhirInteractionId<AuditDatasetType> fhirInteractionId) {
        this.fhirInteractionId = fhirInteractionId;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


the leading provider of essential oils, offers more than 300 essential oil singles and blends. All Young Living essential oils meet the YLTG standard. This means that every essential oil Young Living distills or sources has the optimal naturally-occurring blend of constituents to maximize the desired effect. Only YLTG essential oils should be used for the primary methods of application, which include inhalation and application.
Naturopathic Manual Therapy looks at musculoskeletal system as an integral and interrelated part of the total human organism. It takes into consideration the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit. Naturopathic Manual Medicine focuses on the musculoskeletal system, which comprises more than 60% of the human organism, and through which evaluation of the other organ systems must be made. Structural diagnosis not only evaluates the musculoskeletal system for its particular diseases and dysfunctions, but also can be used to evaluate the somatic manifestations of disease and derangement of the internal viscera. Manual therapy used primarily to increase mobility in restricted areas of musculoskeletal function and to reduce pain. When appropriately used, it can be clinically effective in reducing and eliminating pain within the musculoskeletal system, in increasing the level of wellness of the client, and helping clients with a myriad of disease processes.
Myoskeletal Alignment Technique (MAT) is a type of bodywork which blends the principles of osteopathy and structural integration to relieve chronic pain, and to reduce the potential for the emergence of pain which could become chronic over time. Myoskeletal Alignment Technique was developed and coined by Erik Dalton, PhD, in the early 80s after seeing a need for a more integrative perspective on pain science as it applies to the human body. This technique is often integrated into regular massage and bodywork sessions, and it can also be used alone to treat systemic problems. The focus of this technique is on back and neck pain in particular, since this type of pain is extremely common in the industrialized world.The basic idea behind myoskeletal alignment technique is that back and neck pain are caused by fundamental problems with the musculoskeletal system. Tight, stressed muscles contribute to pain by limiting freedom of movement, while weak muscles provide inadequate support for the body. This in turn leads to posture problems, stiffness, and other symptoms which create an endless cycle of pain. By addressing the fundamental issues in the muscles and fascia, practitioners hope to eliminate the associated symptoms.
Structural integration and osteopathy both rely heavily on the manipulation of the muscles, fascia, and skeletal system with the goal of promoting general musculoskeletal health. The idea behind structural integration is that if someone's body can be aligned properly, his or her health problems can be dramatically reduced, because the body will work as a whole. Osteopathic practitioners share this idea, arguing that many chronic health conditions are related to musculoskeletal problems.
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Essential Oils are volatile liquids and aromatic compounds found within shrubs, flowers, trees roots bushes, and seeds that are usually extracted through steam distillation. It is amazing how essential oils can affect our daily life. An Austrian study reported that inhaling the odors of orange and lavender essential oil in a dental office reduce anxiety and improved mood. Applying the essential oils of bergamot, lavender, and frankincense in sweet almond carrier oil in hand massage was found to have a positive effect on pain and depression in hospice patients with terminal cancer. Or patients in a Taiwan hospital with symptoms of irritable bowel disease improved significantly after ingesting enteric coated peppermint oil capsules compared to those who received a placebo.Whether used orally, topically, or simply inhaled, essential oils are supportive of our physical, emotional, and spiritual health.
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It is one of the modalities included in Naturopathic Manual Therapy.
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Medical Massage is based on a repertory of 7 basic massage techniques. The critical differences between the various 'medical massage protocols, as they are called, relate to where, how, when, in what combination these techniques are to be applied during any given Medical Massage session addressing a particular problem.


text:
← Gran tells how she was conned into spending £6k on 'worthless vitamins' VITAMAIL SCAM
"Nelly." →
Jessica's Story – A chronic email scam victim
When Jessica was in her seventies she decided to continue her late husband's subscription to Readers Digest. She got heavily involved in a competition run by "Tom Champagne" who convinced her, she was on the cusp of winning a large cash prize. To stay in with a chance she bought hundreds of pounds worth of books, tapes, CDs and various other things she neither needed nor could afford.
Photo of Jessica
She never did receive a prize, but Tom Champagne sent her many cheques made out in her name. Once she tried to pay one into the bank, unfortunately Jessica hadn't spotted the small wording that said the cheque was only a sample. She did however receive something for her loyalty; Tom Champagne sent her a plastic champagne glass, for her to use to celebrate her win. Needless to say it never did get used. Even though her family continually tried to explain that some companies use very devious sales techniques, she was still really disappointed. She wanted to financially help the ones she loved and donate money to the children's charities she cared about so much. Jessica always enjoyed to give and had never been in a position to have much surplus cash.
As time passed Jessica received a very exciting letter, the letter looked like an important document and told her that if she sent a small fee it would release a large cheque that she had won in a competition. Jessica thought this was the big win that she had been waiting for from Tom Champagne and quickly sent off the fee. On the claim form she put down all her personal details. Unfortunately the letter wasn't from Tom Champagne or Readers Digest it was her first scam letter. When family members realised what she had done they tried to explain that she had fallen for a scam. But Jessica had never heard about scam mail and refused to believe what they said. Of course no money ever arrived, but the amount of what appeared to Jessica to be fantastic mail started to increase.
Unbeknown to her, the scammers who sent that first scam letter had put her name on a suckers list and were selling her details to other criminals all over the world.
Jessica still refused to believe that her good news/excellent news mail was only worthless pieces of paper designed by criminals, to make her part with her cash.
As the weeks turned into months the amount of scam mail she was receiving, was getting ridiculous. Around 30 letters a day from all over the world that had things like Guaranteed Winner, Time Sensitive Document, Reply Immediately To Release Your Award and various other slogans and logos plastered all over them.
Jessica was soon sending nearly all of her pension each week to keep up with the scammer's demands. So-called clairvoyants had also jumped on the bandwagon and were pretending to be her friends. The more the family tried to make her see the truth about what happening, the more the arguments erupted.
The "clairvoyants" convinced her that her family were jealous of her forthcoming wealth and said they were concerned for her welfare. She befriended a certain clairvoyant from Holland and she would send personal letters along with his payment. Others told her that they could see disaster and harm heading towards her or her family and if she sent them a fee they could keep bad luck away.
She would often sit up till 3am trying to keep up with the scammers demands. She had put so much cash into what she thought was the run up to a huge pay out and had promised to gift money to so many people, she just couldn't focus her mind on anything else.
Jessica had never broken a promise and insisted she never would.
Her family could see every trick that the criminals were playing on her and the way they were all battling for her cash, but Jessica was under the spell and refused any outside help and even threatened to disown family members if they tried to interfere.
She was hording the scam mail all over her house it was in cupboards, drawers, wardrobes, the shed was full of knotted carrier bags bulging with scam mail. She continually gave out her phone number and the scammers would phone her late at night. Nothing seemed to matter to Jessica, her life revolved around the hundreds of letters her postman delivered each week. She would go without buying food, rather than miss a payment to a scam. Some family members gave up trying to make her see sense and formed the opinion that if she is stupid enough to respond she deserves to be scammed.
Jessica's obsession made it appear as if she was sending her money willingly, but her youngest daughter Marilyn, could see her mum had been brainwashed by the volume and content of the scam mail.
Over some 5 years Jessica sent thousands of pounds to criminals and had also suggested releasing some equity from her house. Fortunately the house was in the name of her three children so she couldn't sell it. She started to panic when she couldn't find enough money to fill all the pre-addressed envelopes that had PO Box addresses all over the world. So she stopped paying her domestic bills. She told no one about the financial mess she was in…(Except her favorite clairvoyant from Holland) She started having panic attacks and palpitations, one of the clairvoyants who used fear as a way of extracting money told her that there was an evil force on a higher plain, Jessica had not been able to cover his "fee" to keep the evil away and thought that the evil was upstairs.
She became breathless and fearful every time she tried to climb up the stairs. Her body and mind were at breaking point with the continual torment that the scammers had inflicted on her over the years.
Jessica died on October 24 2007 she was 83 years old. On her death certificate it says cause of death pneumonia.
The source of this story Think Jessica is a anti-scam website created based on Jessica's story. Click the link to view other scam victim stories and how to avoid scams.
Posted by DiscoveredTruth on 12/19/2012 in Victim Stories
Tags: 2012, Scam Victim, Scammed, ThinkJessica, Victim


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Leah Stevens singled to shortstop.
Margaret Fog walked; Leah Stevens advanced to second.
Clark singled to shortstop; Scribner advanced to third.
Helmedach singled down the rf line, 2 RBI; Clark scored; Scribner scored.
Gallagher singled through the right side; Helmedach advanced to third.
Dominguez reached on a fielder's choice, RBI; Gallagher out at second 2b to ss; Helmedach scored.
McNeil doubled to right center, RBI; Dominguez scored.
Scribner singled to third base, RBI; Senechal scored on the throw.
Dominguez reached on a throwing error by ss.
Margaret Fog singled up the middle.
Amber Grady doubled to right center.
Erika Whitma pinch hit for Kailyn Hill.
Helmedach singled through the left side; Clark advanced to second.
Gallagher singled to left center, RBI; Helmedach advanced to second; Clark scored.
Dominguez reached on a fielder's choice; Faenza advanced to second; Helmedach out at third ss to 3b.
Kayleigh Obe singled down the lf line, advanced to third on a fielding error by lf.
Margaret Fog reached on a fielding error by ss; Kayleigh Obe scored, unearned.
Callie Hamme singled through the left side; Margaret Fog advanced to second.
Erika Whitma reached on a fielding error by ss.
Brianna Duga pinch ran for Erika Whitma.


The Australian Statistician is responsible for determining the ABS work program, which must align with the ABS's mission, its legislative mandate and its values. The ABS seeks to provide an appropriate level of service across all legislated functions within available funding.
Ensuring that resources are used to the maximum benefit of governments and the broader community, the ABS takes account of the value of the information being sought, the extent to which undertaking the activity is consistent with the ABS's legislated mandate and with community expectations, and the costs that the activity would impose upon the ABS, providers and the broader community.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The investigation of traffic flow has attracted a lot of interest
from physicists in the last few years. In addition to more traditional
methods borrowed e.g.\ from hydrodynamics, ideas from statistical
physics have become more and more important.
A comprehensive review of the different approaches can be found in
\cite{Jue}.

Here we use a cellular automaton (CA) \cite{wolfram} which has been
shown to reproduce at least qualitatively the features of
real traffic \cite{ns,ssni}. The basic idea is to formulate a model
in discrete space and time. The road is divided into cells which can
either be empty or occupied by exactly one car. The cars are characterized
by an internal parameter $v=0,1,\ldots,v_{max}$ which corresponds to their
momentary velocity. Starting from a given configuration at a time $t$ the
configuration at the next time step $t+1$ can be obtained by application
of four rather simple rules which are applied to all cars in parallel:
acceleration, slowing down due to other cars, randomization and the
actual car motion.

The stochastic nature of the model which enters through the randomization
process seems to be important for a realistic description of traffic.
It is quite surprising that such a simple rule can mimic several effects
which seem to be important for the behaviour of real traffic, e.g.\
overreactions at braking or fluctuations in driving.

Due to their inherent discrete nature CA are ideal for
large-scale computer simulations. On the other hand, these models can not be
described easily using analytic approaches.
In \cite{ss} we solved the special case of $v_{max}=1$ exactly.  We calculated
the so-called fundamental diagram, i.e.\ the relation between flow (current)
and the density $c$ of cars. The case $v_{max}=1$ is special since the model
is particle-hole symmetric and therefore the fundamental diagram is
also symmetric with respect to $c=1/2$ where also the flow takes its
maximum value. From measurements on real traffic one knows, however,
that the maximum flow is shifted to much lower densities. This fact
is reproduced by the models with $v_{max}>1$, but unfortunately these models
are no longer exactly solvable.

In \cite{benja,taka} two models with slightly modified acceleration
rules have been introduced. One effect of these new rules is a breaking
of the particle-hole symmetry in the case $v_{max}=1$. In this paper we
want to address the question whether these modified versions are still
exactly solvable or if the exact solvability is somehow connected to
the existence of the particle-hole symmetry. Another interesting point
is a comparision of the two rules. Both are designed to mimic the
same effects observed in real traffic, but use different ways to implement
these in the rules of the CA. We therefore want to compare the effects of the
two different slow-to-start rules and discuss their relevance for modelling
real traffic.

\section{The modified models}

In the following we will always assume $v_{max}=1$. The fundamental
diagram of the basic model is symmetric (maximum flow at density $c_{max}=1/2$)
due to a particle-hole symmetry \cite{ss}. In order to get a more realistic
asymmetric fundamental diagram even for $v_{max} =1$ modified models with
new acceleration rules have been introduced \cite{benja,taka}.

In the Benjamin-Johnson-Hui (BJH) model \cite{benja} cars which had to
brake due to the next car ahead will move on the next opportunity only
with probability $1-p_s$. Each cell can be in one of four states.
Either it is empty (state `e') or it is occupied by a car with
velocity $v=1$ (state `1'), a car with velocity $v=0$ which is static
due to the action of the randomization step or the slow-to-start rule
(state `s'), or a car with velocity $v=0$ which is standing due to
blocking by a car just in front of it (state `b').

\bi

\item[1)] {\bf Acceleration:}
All cars are assigned a velocity of `1'.

\item[2)] {\bf Slow-to-start rule:}
All cars that are legitimate candidates decelerate to `s' with probability
$p_s$.

\item[3)] {\bf Blockage:}
All cars which have no free cell in front and are thus blocked from
moving change to state `b'.

\item[4)] {\bf Randomization:}
All cars still in state `1' decelerate to state `s' with probability $p$.

\item[5)] {\bf Car motion:}
All cars in state `1' move one cell ahead.

\end{list}

In the Takayasu (T$^2$) model \cite{taka} a standing car will move only
if there are at least two free cells in front of it. More generally it
will move only with probability $1-p_t$ if there is just one free cell
ahead. Here every cell is one of three states, i.e.\ empty, or occupied
by a car with velocity $v=0$ or $v=1$.

\bi

\item[1)] {\bf Acceleration:}
Standing cars accelerate to velocity $v=1$ if there are at least
two empty cells in front.

\item[2)] {\bf Slow-to-start rule:}
Standing cars with just one free cell in front accelerate only with
probability $q_t=1-p_t$ to velocity $v=1$.

\item[3)] {\bf Slowing down (due to other cars):}
If the distance $d$ to the next car ahead is not larger than $v$ ($d \le v$)
the speed is reduced to $d-1$ [$v \stackrel{d \le v}{\to}d-1$].

\item[4)] {\bf Randomization:}
With probability $p$, the velocity of a vehicle
(if greater than zero) is decreased by one [$v\stackrel{p}{\to}v-1$].

\item[5)] {\bf Car motion:}
Each vehicle is advanced $v$ cells.

\end{list}

The idea behind the modified rules of the BJH and T$^2$ models is to
mimic the delay of a car in restarting, i.e.\ due to a slow pick-up of
engine or loss of the driver's attention. Both modifications break
the particle-hole symmetry and should yield fundamental diagrams with a
maximum at a density $c_{max}<1/2$.

In order to investigate the effects of the modified rules analytically
we apply the so-called ``car-oriented mean-field theory'' (COMF)
\cite{comf}. This approach turned out to yield the exact solution for
the standard rules ($p_s=0$, $p_t=0$) \cite{comf}. It seems therefore
worthwhile to investigate whether one also obtains the exact solution
for the modified models without particle-hole symmetry.

\section{COMF for BJH model}

We first investigate the effects of the BJH version \cite{benja}
of the slow-to-start rule.

We denote the probability to find at time $t$ (exactly) $n$ empty
cells in front of a vehicle by $P_n(t)$. The density of cars which
which obey the slow-to-start rule is denoted by $\tilde P_1$. As in
\cite{ss,ssni} we change the order of the update steps to 2-3-4-1.
This change has to be taken into account when calculating the flow
$f(c,p,p_s)$. It has the advantage that after step 1 there are no cars
with velocity 0, i.e.\ all cars have velocity 1.

The time evolution of the probabilities $P_n$ can conveniently be
expressed through the probability $g(t)$ ($\bar g(t)=1-g(t)$) that
a car moves (does not move) in the next timestep. These probabilities
are given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
g(t)&=&q\sum_{n\geq 1} P_n(t) + q_sq\tilde P_1(t)
= q[1-P_0(t)]-p_sq\tilde P_1(t),
\label{gdef1}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have used the normalization
\begin{equation}
\sum_{n\geq 0} P_n(t) + \tilde P_1(t)= 1.
\label{norm1}
\end{equation}
The probabilities can be related to the density $c=N/L$ of cars. Since
each car which has the distance $n$ to the next one in front of him
'occupies' $n+1$ cells we have the following relation:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{n\geq 0}(n+1)P_n(t) + 2\tilde P_1 (t) = \frac{1}{c}\ .
\label{dens1}
\end{equation}

As described in \cite{comf} we then obtain the time evolution of the
probabilities as ($q=1-p$, $q_s=1-p_s$)
\begin{eqnarray}
P_0(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[P_0(t)+qP_1(t)+q_sq\tilde P_1(t)]               \label{evol1a}\\
\tilde P_1(t+1)&=& g(t) P_0(t)                                        \label{evol1b}\\
P_1(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[pP_1(t)+(p_s+q_sp)\tilde P_1(t)+qP_2(t)]
+q g(t)[P_1(t)+q_s\tilde P_1(t)]                                      \label{evol1c}\\
P_2(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[pP_2(t)+q P_3(t)]
+ g(t)[pP_1(t)+(p_s+q_sp)\tilde P_1(t)+qP_2(t)]                       \label{evol1d}\\
P_n(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[pP_{n}(t)+qP_{n+1}(t)]+g(t)[pP_{n-1}(t)+qP_n(t)]
\quad (n\geq 3)                                                \label{evol1e}
\end{eqnarray}
Here we are mainly interested in the stationary state ($t\to\infty$) with
$\lim_{t\to\infty} P_n(t)=P_n$.
In \cite{comf} we used generating functions to solve a similar set of
equations ($p_S=0$). Here we adopt a more direct method since it is easy to see
that (\ref{evol1e}) is solved by the Ansatz
\begin{eqnarray}
P_n&=&{\cal N} z^{n}, \qquad \qquad \qquad (n\geq 2) \nonumber\\
z&=&\frac{pg}{q\bar g}\, ,
\label{ansatz1}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\cal N}$ is a normalization.

Using (\ref{evol1a}-\ref{evol1d}) we can express all probabilities through
$P_0$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde P_1 &=& \frac{qP_0(1-P_0)}{1+p_sqP_0}, \\
g&=&\frac{\tilde P_1}{P_0}=\frac{q(1-P_0)}{1+p_sqP_0},\\
P_1 &=& \frac{zP_0}{p} - q_s\tilde P_1,\\
{\cal N}&=&(1-P_0-P_1-\tilde P_1)\frac{1-z}{z^2}.
\end{eqnarray}

The only remaining free parameter $P_0$ can now be related to the density
$c$ by using (\ref{dens1}). $P_0(c)$
is given as the root in the interval $(0,1)$ of the cubic equation
\begin{equation}
cp_s^2q^2P_0^3+q[qp_s^2(1-2c)+p_s(1+c)+c]P_0^2+[qp_s(1-3c)-2qc+1]P_0-pc=0.
\end{equation}

The flow is given by (with $q=1-p$)
\begin{equation}
f(c,p,p_s)=cg=c\cdot\frac{q(1-P_0)}{1+p_sqP_0}.
\label{flow1}
\end{equation}
Results for the fundamental diagram and a comparison with computer
simulations are shown in Figs.\ \ref{BJHp} and \ref{BJHps}. Obviously, the
COMF is no longer exact for $p_s>0$, but it is still an excellent
approximation, especially for small $p_s$. For fixed $p$ (see Fig.\ \ref{BJHp})
the flow $f(c,p,p_s)$ is only reduced slightly for $p_s>0$. In addition,
the density $c_{max}$ of maximum flow is shifted towards smaller
densities with increasing $p_s$, i.e.\ the fundamental diagram is no
longer symmetric. This reflects the absence of the particle-hole symmetry.
There is no other qualitative change of the fundamental
diagram, in contrast to the T$^2$ model (see next section).

\section{COMF for the T$^2$ model}

The probability $g(t)$ ($\bar g(t)=1-g(t)$) that a car moves (does not move)
in the next timestep is now given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
g(t)&=&q\sum_{n\geq 1} P_n(t) + q_tq\bar P_1(t)
= q[1-P_0(t)]-p_tq\bar P_1(t),
\label{gdef2}
\end{eqnarray}
We obtain the time evolution of the probabilities as ($q=1-p$, $q_t=1-p_t$)
\begin{eqnarray}
P_0(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[P_0(t)+qP_1(t)+q_tq\bar P_1(t)]               \label{evot1a}\\
\bar P_1(t+1)&=& \bar g(t) (p_t+q_tp)\bar P_1(t)+g(t) P_0(t)             \label{evot1b}\\
P_1(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[pP_1(t)+qP_2(t)]+qg(t)[P_1(t)+q_t\bar P_1(t)] \label{evot1c}\\
P_2(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[pP_2(t)+q P_3(t)]
+ g(t)[pP_1(t)+(p_t+q_tp)\bar P_1(t)+qP_2(t)]                       \label{evot1d}\\
P_n(t+1)&=& \bar g(t)[pP_{n}(t)+qP_{n+1}(t)]+g(t)[pP_{n-1}(t)+qP_n(t)]
\quad (n\geq 3)                                                \label{evot1e}
\end{eqnarray}
Here we are mainly interested in the stationary state ($t\to\infty$) with
$\lim_{t\to\infty} P_n(t)=P_n$. In this case the equations
(\ref{evot1e}) -- which are identical with the equations (\ref{evol1e})
since the modified rules do not affect distances larger than 1 --
are again solved by the Ansatz
\begin{eqnarray}
P_n&=&{\cal N} z^{n}, \qquad \qquad \qquad (n\geq 2) \nonumber\\
z&=&\frac{pg}{q\bar g}\, ,
\label{ansatz2}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\cal N}$ is a normalization.
Expressing all quantities through $P_0$ and $\bar P_1$ we find
\begin{eqnarray}
P_1&=&\frac{g}{q\bar g}\bar P_1 = \frac{z}{p}\bar P_1 ,\\
g&=&q(1-P_0)-p_tq\bar P_1,\\
{\cal N} &=&(1-P_0-P_1-\bar P_1)\frac{1-z}{z^2}.
\end{eqnarray}
$P_0$ and $\bar P_1$ can be related through
\begin{equation}
p_tx\bar P_1^2 - (1+pq_t(1-P_0))\bar P_1+(1-P_0)P_0 = 0
\end{equation}
which yields explicitly
\begin{equation}
\label{wurzel}
\bar P_1 = \frac{1}{2p_tx}\left[ 1+pq_t(1-P_0)-\sqrt{(1+pq_t(1-P_0))^2-
4p_tx(1-P_0)P_0}\right]
\end{equation}
where we have used the abbreviation $x=p_t+q_tp=1-qq_t$.

The relation with the density is
\begin{equation}
y(c-1)+(p+(1+q)y)c(1-P_0)-(1+p-py)c\bar P_1 = 0
\label{tdens}
\end{equation}
with $y=P_0+p_t\bar P_1$.
After solving (\ref{tdens}) for $P_0(c)$, $\bar P_1(c)$  the flow can
be obtained using $f(c,p,p_t)=cg$. In Figs.\ \ref{T2p} and \ref{T2ps} we show
the results of COMF and computer simulations. Again the COMF is no longer
exact for $p_t>0$, but it is still a good approximation. For $p_t \ll 1$
the situation is somewhat similar to the BJH model, i.e.\ the flow is
reduced slightly and the $c_{max}$ is shifted towards smaller densities.
For large $p_t$, however, one finds a qualitative change of the fundamental
diagram. For $p_t \lesssim 1$ the fundamental diagram has an inflection
point at a density $c>c_{max}$, in contrast to the case $p_t \ll 1$,
where the flow vs.\ density relation is convex.
The parameter $p_t$ therefore controls the curvature of the
fundamental diagram.

This can be seen most clearly for $p_t=1$. Here the flow $f(c,p,p_t)$
vanishes for $c \geq 1/2$. For $c=1/2$ the stationary state consists
of standing cars with exactly one empty site in between them ($0.0.0.0.
\cdots$ where '$0$' denotes a standing car and '.' an empty site). All cars
cannot move due to the slow-to-start rule. For larger densities the stationary
state is essentially of the same form, but larger clusters of standing
cars will appear. In Monte Carlo simulations
starting from a mega-jam the relaxation into this stationary state is
extremly slow, even for 'large' values of $p$, e.g.\ $p=0.5$. Note that the
COMF solution (\ref{ansatz2})-(\ref{tdens}) predicts a phase
transition to the completely jammed state at $c=2/3$.
There is, however, a second solution\footnote{This solution corresponds
to (\ref{wurzel}) with a '+' in front of the square-root.} of the
COMF equations with $P_0=1-\bar{P}_1=\frac{2-c}{c}$ and $P_n=0$ for $n\geq 1$,
corresponding to $f(c,p,p_t=1)=0$ for $c\geq 1/2$.

The new phase transition for $p_t=1$ only exists for $p>0$.
In \cite{taka,fukui} mainly the
deterministic case $p=0$ has been investigated. There the equilibrium
state depends on the initial conditions and therefore the completely
jammed phase for $c\geq 1/2$ could not been found. More detailed results
for the model with $p_t=1$ will be presented in a future publication.

\section{Discussion}

In this paper we have investigated two cellular automata for
traffic flow with modified acceleration rules. For $v_{max} =1$ these rules
break the particle-hole symmetry of the model. We used the so-called
Car-Oriented Mean-Field theory to obtain an analytic desription of these
models. In contrast to the case of the basic model \cite{comf}
the COMF does no longer produce an exact solution of the modified versions.

The main effects of the slow-to-start rules are a (small) reduction of the
flow and a shift of the location $c_{max}$ of the maximum flow towards smaller
densities. Note, however, that the reduction in the T$^2$ model is larger
than in the BJH model, especially for large $p_t$. For $p_t=1$ we found a
phase transition to a completely jammed phase with flow $f(c,p,p_t=1)=0$
near $c=1/2$. This transition will be investigated in more detail in a
future publication.

The existence of this transition reflects the most important
difference between the two slow-to-start rules. The BJH rule is of
{\em temporal} nature (the restart probability depends on the number
of attempts) whereas the T$^2$ rule is of {\em spatial} nature (the
restart probability depends on the number of empty cells in front of
the car).

In Figs.\ \ref{tildeP} and \ref{barP} we show the numbers $\tilde P_1(c)$ and
$\bar P_1(c)$ of cars affected by the slow-to-start rule in the BJH and T$^2$
model, respectively. As expected the modified rules are most effective
for densities slightly larger than the density of maximum flow in the
original model, i.e.\ for $c>1/2$. This effect is most pronounced for
small values of $p$.

Comparing the effects of the two modifications, the T$^2$ model
appears to be more interesting since the effects are larger.
An interesting feature of this model is that the
curvature of the fundamental diagram for densities $c>1/2$ may vary,
depending on the value of $p_t$. The idealized shape of the
fundamental diagram has been discussed controversely in the literature
(see e.g.\ \cite{hall}) and there exists experimental evidence for
fundamental diagrams with and without inflection points. The slow-to-start
rule of T$^2$ offers a simple explanation for these observations.

In the present paper we only investigated the case $v_{max}=1$. The main
modification introduced by the slow-to-start rules is a asymmetry between
acceleration and deceleration processes. Since this is already included
in the basic model for $v_{max}>1$ we do not expect that the modifications
might have a drastic effect for larger velocities. This expectation seems
to be justified as preliminary results from computer simulations show.
For the T$^2$ model, however, the slow-to-start probability $p_t$ still
controls the curvature of the fundamental diagram.\\[0.8cm]
{\bf Acknowledgment:}\\
Part of this work has been performed within the research program of
the SFB 341 (K\"oln--Aachen--J\"ulich).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Congressman Steve Knight voted time and again to take away protections for individuals with pre-existing conditions.
Cancer survivors, asthma patients, and individuals suffering from depression might be paying thousands more for health care if laws supported by congressman Steve Knight (R-Palmdale) had passed.
Knight and Republicans in Congress voted to weaken or outright eliminate protections for individuals with pre-existing conditions numerous times. None of those bills became law — because the Senate prevented it from happening — but Knight tried his best to drive up the health care costs of millions of families.
With the midterm election just weeks away, Knight and other Republicans are suddenly changing their tune about health care as voters regularly rank it as one of the most important issues this year.
"Numerous Republicans who are supporting attempts to dismantle Obamacare are simultaneously campaigning for election on their support for a core provision of the law," reports Bloomberg.
Knight belatedly introduced a bill on the issue of pre-existing conditions mere weeks before the midterms. His press release generated positive headlines for him, but of course it did not tell the whole truth about Knight's congressional voting record.
There's good reason Republicans like Knight are running away from their past votes.
Knight isn't alone in his efforts to lie by omission. In Missouri, Republican state Attorney General Josh Hawley is part of a lawsuit aiming to invalidate the entire Affordable Care Act, including protections for pre-existing conditions. At the same time the lawsuit is being debated in court, Hawley is cutting television ads arguing the opposite position: that he wants to protect people with pre-existing conditions.
Knight's fellow embattle Republicans are using the same deceptive tactic. Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-Costa Mesa) is out with a misleading ad that ignores his history of voting against health care protections. And Rep. Mimi Walters (R-Irvine) is following the same untruthful path.
Knight voted for Trump and supports Trump 99 percent of the time, even as Trump has lied more than 5,000 times since entering the Oval Office.
Perhaps Knight's proximity and loyalty to Trump means Trump's dishonesty has rubbed off on him.


text:
IANNONE AND RINS REACT AS THE BAR IS RAISED
Team Suzuki Press Office - January 30th.
Alex Rins: 6th - 1:59.348 (+ 0.518)
Andrea Iannone: 12th - 1:59.615 (+ 0.785)
Sylvain Guintoli: 22nd - 2:01.120 (+ 2.290)
•	Alex Rins shows strong and consistent pace both on individual laps and during a race simulation.
•	Whilst Andrea Iannone waits to confirm his final configuration.
•	Another productive and action-packed day for Team SUZUKI ECSTAR.
The third and final day of testing saw extreme heat and humidity once again, forcing the riders to use their time carefully. Taking to the track as soon as it opened allowed them to put in many laps in the morning before the heat became too intense. They then had to take a longer break in the afternoon, only rejoining the track once the temperature had dropped off.
Despite these difficulties the team were able to glean more useful information in regard to both the engine specification and chassis configuration, as well as testing other new parts in areas such as suspension.
As more and more riders pushed during the morning, the pace began to heat up, this saw some very fast lap times being set and the Team SUZUKI ECSTAR riders responded with a strong pace of their own, setting their fastest laps of the 3-day test.
Alex Rins used the morning session to focus on long runs, where he found a good and consistent pace. He reported a boost in confidence as his experience of the bike increased, and as he tried new parts and a different engine configuration which suited him well, and also improved acceleration and performance. Overall the Spaniard enjoyed a positive final day, closing the session in an impressive 6th place, just half a second from the fastest lap time, and +0.002 behind 5th place.
Andrea Iannone instead focused on the important process of trying to find his final preferences, and he completed a total of 62 laps despite the weather conditions. He found the final day to be useful as he tried several different settings and configurations.
Test riders Sylvain Guintoli and Takuya Tsuda continued to try different parts in order to offer their valuable feedback on various options and packages.
Ken Kawauchi - Technical Manager
"In these three days we did so much testing, we had many items to test and we could make back-to-back comparisons with all the riders. My thanks to the crew and all the riders for their intense work. Today Alex improved his lap time and did well in the classification, but also did a sort of race simulation which marked a fast pace. This makes us happy because it means the direction is the correct one. Andrea worked hard but he is still looking for the final opinion on which of the options he prefers, but this doesn't worry us as it is a normal development process and it is important for us that he makes the choice when he is 100% confident. We will continue this process in Thailand and Qatar, in order to finalise the final package for the debut in the Qatar race."
Davide Brivio - Team Manager
"We finish this first test of the season - these three days, and we are quite happy because we were able to test a few things and try to get a clear picture of everything. We didn't finish the job, in fact the next tests in Buriram and Qatar will also be very important. We are working on engine specs and chassis configuration with both riders and the target is to decide on the best package to start the season with. Alex put in good and consistent laps, and Andrea also was not far off, so they did a good job. And we can say that it has been three positive days."
"I'm really happy because we finish these three days after a lot of work and it was very productive, today has been great. We tried many things during the three days and one of them was the engine and I think we improved in acceleration and top speed. There were also more things that we tried which were positive. We tried a race simulation and it went well, good race pace, and this is important not only for confidence but for giving good feedback to Japan about their work. We tried new forks and they were also good and we worked in the electronics area as well."
Andrea Iannone
"Today as well has been a constructive day where we worked step by step with further comparisons and analysis. We're still missing some information before being able to define a final package, this is a very important moment as we are setting up the development for the future so we need to make sure we take the right choices. The items we had to test were various and we could compare with the feeling we had also in the test last year, to have a comparison with tracks that are very different is useful to put together a package that can help us to be competitive for the whole championship."
Circuit: Sepang International Circuit, Malaysia.
Air temperature: 37c
Track temperature: 47c
SEPANG TEST - Classification after Day 3:
1. LORENZO, Jorge - Ducati Team 1:58.830
2. PEDROSA, Dani - Repsol Honda Team 1:59.009 0.179
3. CRUTCHLOW, Cal - LCR Honda CASTROL 1:59.052 0.222
4. DOVIZIOSO, Andrea - Ducati Team 1:59.169 0.339
5. MILLER, Jack - Alma Pramac Racing 1:59.346 0.516
6. RINS, Alex - Team SUZUKI ECSTAR 1:59.348 0.518
7. MARQUEZ, Marc - Repsol Honda Team 1:59.382 0.552
8. ROSSI, Valentino - Movistar Yamaha MotoGP 1:59.449 0.619
9. ZARCO, Johann - Monster Yamaha Tech 3 1:59.511 0.681
10. PETRUCCI, Danilo - Alma Pramac Racing 1:59.528 0.698
11. RABAT, Tito - Reale Avintia Racing 1:59.547 0.717
12. IANNONE, Andrea - Team SUZUKI ECSTAR 1:59.615 0.785
13. ESPARGARO, Aleix - Aprilia Racing Team Gresini 1:59.962 1.132
14. NAKAGAMI, Takaaki - LCR Honda IDEMITSU 2:00.071 1.241
15. BAUTISTA, Alvaro - Ángel Nieto Team 2:00.205 1.375
16. KALLIO, Mika - KTM Test Team 2:00.464 1.634
17. MORBIDELLI, Franco - EG 0,0 Marc VDS 2:00.526 1.696
18. VIÑALES, Maverick - Movistar Yamaha MotoGP 2:00.547 1.717
19. ABRAHAM, Karel - Ángel Nieto Team 2:00.574 1.744
20. SIMEON, Xavier - Reale Avintia Racing 2:00.784 1.954
21. REDDING, Scott - Aprilia Racing Team Gresini 2:00.812 1.982
22. SMITH, Bradley - Red Bull KTM Factory Racing 2:00.969 2.139
23. GUINTOLI, Sylvain - Suzuki Test Team 2:01.120 2.290
24. LUTHI, Thomas - EG 0,0 Marc VDS 2:01.126 2.296
25. HERNANDEZ, Yonny - Monster Yamaha Tech 3 2:01.223 2.393
26. TEST3, Yamaha - Yamaha Test Team 2:01.385 2.555
NC. TEST1, Yamaha - Yamaha Test Team
NC. ESPARGARO, Pol - Red Bull KTM Factory Racing
NC. PIRRO, Michele - Ducati Test Team
Story Issued by: Team SUZUKI ECSTAR
Sepang MotoGP Test Image Gallery: CLICK HERE FOR PHOTOS
For more stories about Alex Rins, Click Here. For photos, Click Here.
For more stories about Andrea Iannone, Click Here. For photos, Click Here.


text:
Classic Screening: Beneath the Veil – Inside the Taliban's Afghanistan
Screening Friday 6th February, 2009
Filmed in late 2000 and early 2001, 'Beneath the Veil' is the story of Saira Shah's
journey through Taliban Afghanistan, a country savaged by years of war
but not yet under international scrutiny. Hailed as one of the most
daring, insightful and shocking news documentaries of recent years it
laid bare a devastating country savaged by war and religious extremism,
where journalists were no longer welcome, and where the rest of the
world seems as distant as another planet. After the screening Cassian Harrison (producer/director) and David Henshaw (executive producer) will discuss the film, its impact and the challenges that filmmakers face today.
Saira, along with Cassian and former Frontline TV News cameraman James Miller,
travelled through some major towns and small villages to talk to
ordinary people, and discover how the Taliban's regime affected their
lives. The first part of the programme focuses on the actions of the
Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA).
Saira undertook a covert trip, using her contacts in RAWA, and
discovered what life is like as a woman in Afghanistan. This section
shows Saira exploring a gynaecological hospital where the appalling
conditions explain why more women die in childbirth in Afghanistan than
in any other country.
The team then travel to a region where
resistance to the Taliban is still strong, and where villagers are
still at war. The people in these remote areas live in fear of the
Taliban soldiers who have visited before, killing their children,
parents, friends, husbands and wives. 'Beneath the Veil'
contains footage captured by RAWA's undercover photographers and camera
people: of executions at a converted UN-funded football ground; of
adulteresses and other Afghans convicted of 'un-Islamic' behaviour.
Beneath the Veil
was a timely insight into a country which became the focus of
international military, political, and media attention after September
Past Event, Screenings
Friday 6th February, 2009


text:
A Chinese girl is moved to Tennessee, and 'hell' begins
Relates to:
Nora Gateley
18 Children in care of Tom and Debra Schmitz
By Megan Twohey
[Inset to part 5 of a 5 article series here The Child Exchange: Inside America's Underground Market for Adopted Children ]
NEW LIFE: Nora Gateley contracted polio in China. After being "re-homed" in Tennessee, she says, her new mother took away her leg brace. REUTERS/Handout/Nora Gateley
KENTON, Tennessee – Almost a decade has passed since Nora Gateley was rescued from a house in Tennessee where she was once forced to dig her own grave.
The parents who adopted Nora from an orphanage in China left her at the house in 2001. "Hell started from there," she says today.
Nora's time at the Trenton, Tennessee, home of Tom and Debra Schmitz is detailed in court records later filed in the couple's indictment on child-abuse charges: Her new mother struck her and many of the 17 other children living there. To punish Nora, who was disabled by polio as a child, Schmitz took away the leg brace that she needed to walk. She dragged her by the hair.
At age 26, Nora is speaking publicly for the first time about what happened after the parents who brought her to America gave her away. Her case is an early example of "private re-homing," a term that refers to adoptive parents sending children they no longer want to other families. The Schmitz family later legally adopted her.
Patricia McLaughlin, the American mother who first adopted Nora, in China, declines to say how she and her husband found the Schmitzes. Other parents who placed children at the Schmitz home said they connected with the family through an Internet group that assisted in re-homing unwanted children. Such groups are part of a network of underground child exchanges that operates without any government oversight.
Abandoned at birth, Nora grew up in an orphanage in Guangdong, China. A pamphlet describing children up for adoption at the orphanage shows a picture of Nora as a toddler, one hand on a walker, peering at the camera. She wore her hair short and dressed as a boy, which she says was an unsuccessful effort to ward off sexual predators. "I never felt safe," Nora recalls.
At 13, the McLaughlins found her. In 2000, they brought her to their home in Largo, Florida, where they were raising four other children. Her new mother home-schooled her.
Nora was learning a new language and living a better new life. She pedaled her bike along neighborhood streets and adored the Chinese food that Patricia made. But when one of her new sisters accused Nora of hitting her during a fight, she says, the relationship with her new family soured.
One night, Nora recalls, Patricia set her favorite dish on the table, beef and bok choy. Then she announced the meal would be Nora's last with the family. Less than two years after bringing her to America, Patricia and Mike McLaughlin had decided to remove the teenager from their home.
Patricia McLaughlin won't discuss Nora's re-homing other than to say it was not safe for her to remain in their family. The McLaughlins didn't involve child welfare officials.
"There are only drawbacks there," McLaughlin says. "It was not an option for anybody's good."
On the drive from Florida to the Schmitz home in Tennessee, Nora counted cows out the window of the McLaughlins' Toyota van. Patricia McLaughlin didn't come along.
When they arrived, Mike McLaughlin introduced Nora to Tom and Debra Schmitz. Mike and Nora were both meeting the couple for the first time, Patricia says.
Not long after arriving, McLaughlin drove away. Nora hasn't seen him or his wife since.
Tom Schmitz worked as a portable-toilet salesman; Debra was a stay-at-home mom. They already had 12 other children in their home, according to Debra.
The house sat far back from the road on a stretch of land in the country. Chickens, pigs, ducks, dogs and cats roamed the property.
Children were everywhere. Many had special needs. Some had been sent to the Schmitzes without the approval of child welfare officials, according to court records filed in the couple's indictment.
A nurse who helped at the Schmitz house later told sheriff's officers investigating the case that Debra Schmitz showed her an Internet group that listed adopted children who were no longer wanted. Schmitz told the woman that she could get a child through the website in three weeks without the involvement of any government officials, according to documents filed in the indictment against the Schmitzes.
AVAILABLE: Nora and an unidentified boy, as shown in a brochure put out by her orphanage in China. REUTERS/Handout/Nora Gateley
Nora says she quickly realized that her new mother had a violent temper. A different nurse who helped care for the children, Sherry Dvorak, also saw it.
"She was angry and full of hate," Dvorak says of Debra Schmitz.
Nora recalls that Schmitz mocked her after taking away her leg brace. "Go on, try to run away," Schmitz would say. "No one cares about you."
Dvorak says she learned details of the abuse in 2004. One night, Dvorak persuaded Debra to let her take Nora and another teenage girl to her house to sort through clothes in her attic. The moment the girls got in the car, they told her what was going on at home.
As one form of punishment, Debra made children dig holes in the yard for their own graves, the court records show.
"She said, 'You die here and no one will know. No one will find you,'" Nora says today.
When Dvorak returned to the Schmitz house for work the next day, she slipped a tape recorder into the bathroom. Nora and the other girl took it into a bedroom and recounted the abuse. Dvorak later took the recording to the sheriff's department. Their first search warrant sought, among other things, evidence of "swap, trades, or interchange of children."
The Tennessee Department of Children's Services was quoted at the time saying that seven of the 18 children removed from the home did not legally belong to the Schmitzes. The kids had come from families across the United States.
"Detectives said there were some children they could never figure out where they came from," Dvorak says. Two years after, court records still referred to one child as Adam "whose last name is unknown."
In July 2006, Debra Schmitz pleaded no contest to 14 counts of child abuse and one count of child trafficking, all misdemeanors. She was sentenced to six months in jail and placed on probation. The case against Tom Schmitz has been expunged.
Tom Schmitz couldn't be reached for comment. Debra, who has divorced and now goes by the last name Hogan, says adoptive parents turned to her because she was known for caring for children with conditions such as reactive attachment disorder.
"They'd contact you privately and beg you to take them," she says today. "The state frowned on this but they didn't do anything about it."
She says she never abused any child. The children were made to dig holes as punishment for lying, she says, and she would tell repeat offenders they were digging themselves deeper into their own grave. She says she never pulled Nora by her hair or withheld her leg brace, even though she pled no contest to those and the other charges. She says she thought entering the plea would help get the children back.
She didn't get them back. Some returned to their previous families; Nora was among those placed in foster care. The McLaughlins didn't want her returned. "We were horrified," Patricia McLaughlin says, "but we were out of the picture."
Almost 18 by then, Nora lived with the woman who rescued her, Dvorak, for nearly six months, and later lived for several years with a professor of hers from Jackson State Community College. She eventually took that family's last name, Gateley.
At first, child welfare officials arranged reunions of children freed from the Schmitz home. Those eventually ended. Today, Nora lives with a roommate in Jackson, Tennessee, and works as a receptionist at a doctor's office. She says she has lost touch with most of the children and often wonders what's become of them.
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