A method for forming a capacitor includes forming a substrate having a node location to which electrical connection to a capacitor is to be made; forming an inner capacitor plate over the node location, the inner capacitor plate having an exposed sidewall; forming an oxidation barrier layer over the exposed inner capacitor plate sidewall; forming a capacitor dielectric plate over the inner capacitor plate, the oxidation barrier layer restricting oxidation of the inner capacitor plate sidewall during formation of the capacitor dielectric plate; and forming an outer capacitor plate over the capacitor dielectric plate. A capacitor is further described which includes an inner capacitor plate having at least one sidewall; an oxidation barrier layer positioned in covering relation relative to the at least one sidewall; a capacitor dielectric plate positioned over the inner capacitor plate; and an outer capacitor plate positioned over the capacitor dielectric plate. In the preferred form of the invention, an insulating dielectric layer is positioned on the oxidation barrier layer, the insulating dielectric layer being of a different composition than the oxidation barrier layer.
This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 08/670,644, which was filed on Jun. 26, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,843,830.
This invention was made with Government support under Contract Nos. MDA972-93-C-0033 and MDA-972-94-C-0006 awarded by Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). The Government has certain rights in this invention.
This invention relates to a capacitor, and methods for forming a capacitor.
In the processing of integrated circuits electrical contact must be made to active device regions formed within the wafer substrate typically comprising nocrystalline silicon. The active device regions are connected by highly conductive paths or lines which are fabricated above an insulator material, and which covers the substrate surface. To provide electrical connection between the conductive path and active device regions, an opening or contact is provided. Ultimately, an electrically conductive contact filling material is provided in the contact opening to make electrical contact to the underlying active device region.
It is desirable during the processing of integrated circuits to provide an intervening layer to prevent the intermixing of the contact filling materials with silicide and the underlying silicon. Accordingly, this intervening layer is typically provided to prevent the diffusion of the silicon and silicide with an associated plug filling material and to effectively adhere the plug filling material to the underlying substrate. Such material is accordingly also electrically conductive and commonly referred to as a "barrier layer" due to the anti-diffusion properties of same.
In the formation of a stacked capacitor structure which is employed in a DRAM, a lower electrode is typically electrically connected to another substrate device by means of a polysilicon plug. Normally, the barrier layer separates the polysilicon plug from the lower electrode of the capacitor to prevent both silicon diffusion into the electrode and oxidation of the plug which may be occasioned by the continued processing of the integrated circuit. A DRAM storage node capacitor is formed when a dielectric layer is interposed between a lower electrode and an upper electrode. The capacitor is typically covered and protected by a planarized layer of silicon dioxide. The capacitor is accessed by a bit line contact through a field effect transistor gated by a word line.
The above design is not without drawbacks. For example, to obtain useful electrical performance, the dielectric layer is typically deposited or otherwise annealed at a very high temperature and in an oxygen ambient. Under these processing conditions, oxidation of the underlying barrier layer, polysilicon plug or active area may undesirably occur. If oxide forms, a parasitic capacitor will be created. This parasitic capacitor would be disposed in series with the storage node capacitor. The resulting parasitic capacitor will prevent the full application of voltage to the storage node. This, in turn, will result in a decrease in the amount of charge which can be stored by the capacitor.
In addition to the problems outlined above, designers of integrated circuits are often faced with difficulties in providing adequate coverage of high dielectric constant materials over typical capacitor geometries utilized in high density DRAMS and other memory circuitry.
It would be desirable, therefore, to improve upon the design of a capacitor and methods for forming a capacitor which achieves the benefits to be derived from prior fabrication techniques, but avoids the above and other detriments individually associated therewith.
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of a prior art semiconductor wafer.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic, sectional view of a semiconductor wafer at one processing step in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown by FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown by FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown in FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown in FIG. 7.
FIG. 9 is a view of the FIG. 2 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown in FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a view of the FIG. 9 wafer at a processing step subsequent to that shown in FIG. 9.
forming an outer capacitor plate over the capacitor dielectric plate.
an outer capacitor plate positioned over the capacitor dielectric plate.
To best understand the present invention a prior art capacitor 10 is described with reference to FIG. 1. The capacitor 10 is formed relative to a silicon substrate 11 in association with DRAM integrated circuitry. A field oxide region 19 and a pair of word lines 16 and 17, are formed relative to the substrate 11. The capacitor 10 has a lower electrode 12; an upper electrode 13, which is spaced therefrom; and a dielectric layer 14 which is positioned intermediate the upper and lower electrodes 12 and 13, respectively. A diffusion barrier layer 15 is positioned between the lower electrode 12, and a planarized silicon dioxide layer 27. The planarized silicon dioxide layer 27 is formed outwardly of the substrate 11, and the word lines 16 and 17. A polysilicon plug 20 is ohmically electrically connected to the diffusion barrier layer 15. The diffusion barrier layer 15 is formed to prevent the diffusion of silicon from the conductive plug 20 into the capacitor 10. One material of choice for use as a diffusion barrier layer 15 is titanium nitride. Titanium nitride is an attractive material as a contact diffusion barrier in integrated circuits because it behaves as a substantially impermeable barrier to the diffusion of silicon, and because the activation energy for the diffusion of other impurities is very high. Titanium nitride is also chemically and thermodynamically very stable and exhibits low electrical resistivity typical of the transition metal carbides, borides and nitrides.
e) by low pressure chemical vapor deposition.
As seen in FIG. 1, the polysilicon plug 20 is electrically connected with an underlying diffusion region 21 formed in the silicon substrate 11 and which is associated with the word line 17. A planarized silicon dioxide layer 22 over lies outer capacitor electrode 13. An electrically conductive contact plug 23 is formed through silicon dioxide layer 22, and is in ohmic electrical contact with the outer capacitor cell plate 13. An interconnect line 24 is formed outwardly of the silicon dioxide layer 22, with the conductive plug 23 electrically connecting the interconnect line 24, with the upper cell plate 13.
forming an inner capacitor plate layer, the inner capacitor plate layer having a sidewall; and forming a capacitor dielectric plate over the inner capacitor plate under conditions which would effectively oxidize the inner capacitor plate sidewall, the method comprising shielding the inner capacitor plate sidewall from substantial oxidation during the provision of the capacitor dielectric plate under said conditions. Preferred features of this method are discussed in detail in the paragraphs which follow.
The current invention is shown in FIGS. 2 through 10. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a silicon substrate 30 is provided, and has diffusion regions 31 and 32 formed therein. A field oxide region 33, and a pair of word lines 34 and 35 are also formed outwardly relative to the substrate 30. A layer of silicon dioxide 36 is provided outwardly of the silicon substrate 30 and is disposed in covering relation relative to the word lines 34 and 35. Electrical connection to the underlying region 31 is formed by opening a contact 37 to the underlying region 31. Thereafter, a conductive plug 38, which is preferably polysilicon, is provided in the contact opening. For purposes of this continuing discussion, the outermost portion of plug 38 constitutes a node location 29 to which electrical connection to a capacitor 10 is to be made. Following the provision of the conductive plug 38, a diffusion barrier layer 50, for example titanium nitride or another transition metal nitride is formed to a thickness of about 500 Angstroms atop the silicon dioxide layer 36 and node location 29.
Referring now to FIG. 3, an inner capacitor plate layer 60 is formed over the barrier layer 50 and accordingly the node location 29. Most preferably, the inner capacitor plate layer comprises platinum which is formed to a thickness of approximately 500 to about 3,000 Angstroms. Referring now to FIG. 4, conditions are provided which are effective to pattern and remove a portion of the diffusion barrier layer 50, and the inner capacitor plate layer 60 into a desired shape by means of a dry etching process. An example dry etching chemistry includes C1 2. The patterning and etching step above, results in the diffusion barrier layer 50 and plate layer 60 having exposed sidewalls 51 and 61, respectively.
Referring now to FIG. 5, after forming the inner capacitor plate 60, the method further comprises forming an oxidation barrier layer 70, which is preferably a dielectric material, over the exposed inner capacitor plate sidewalls 61 and the diffusion barrier sidewalls 51. The preferred oxidation barrier layer 70 is silicon nitride which is formed to a thickness of about 500 Angstroms. Most preferably, the oxidation barrier layer 70 has a thickness which is less than the thickness dimension of the inner capacitor plate layer 60.
Referring now to FIG. 6, and after forming the oxidation barrier layer 70, an oxide layer 80, preferably comprising silicon dioxide, is formed atop the oxidation barrier layer 70. This silicon dioxide layer 80 is preferably formed to a thickness of greater than about 5,000 Angstroms.
Referring now to FIG. 7, conditions are provided which are effective to planarize, preferably by means of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) or resist etch-back, the silicon dioxide layer 80 relative to the oxidation barrier layer 70. The selected technique preferably has high selectivity for stopping on silicon nitride 70, as shown. A preferred CMP technique employs a slurry containing abrasive particles which selectively remove SiO2 when used in conjunction with a perforated pad rotating at low polishing speeds.
Referring now to FIG. 8, after the planarization step, and before forming the capacitor dielectric plate 90, the method further comprises removing the oxidation barrier layer 70 from atop the inner capacitor plate 60. This removal is preferably achieved by a dry etching chemistry having a high selectivity for etching silicon nitride relative to silicon dioxide. An example chemistry includes CF4 or CF4 in the presence of O2.
Referring now to FIG. 9, following the step of removing the oxidation barrier layer 70 from atop the inner capacitor plate 60 to expose the inner capacitor plate 60, the method further comprises forming a capacitor dielectric plate 90 atop the lower capacitor plate 60. The capacitor dielectric plate 90 comprises preferably a high dielectric constant material or a ferroelectric material. In the context of this document, "high dielectric constant" means greater than about 20. Specific example materials include Bax Sr1−x TiO3; PbZrxTi1−x O3 and SrBi2Ta2O9.
As seen in FIG. 10, an outer capacitor plate 100, which is preferably platinum, is thereafter formed. As will be recognized, the method of the present invention provides a means for forming a capacitor wherein the inner capacitor plate sidewall 61 is shielded from substantial oxidation during the provision of the capacitor dielectric plate 90 under normal processing conditions. Thus, parasitic capacitor formation is reduced or substantially eliminated.
In compliance with the statute, the invention has been described in language more or less specific as to structural and methodical features; it is to be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to specific features described, since the means disclosed herein comprise preferred forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted with the Doctrine of Equivalents.
forming a second electrical component over the planar dielectric layer and which is electrically coupled with the first electrical component.
Eimori, T., et. al., "A Newly Designed Planar Stacked Capacitor Cell with High dielectric Constant Film for 256Mbit DRAM", 1993 IEEE, pp. 631-634.
Fazan, P.C., et. al., "A High-C Capacitor (20.4fF/mum2) with Ultrathin CVD-Ta2O5 Films Deposited on Rugged Poly-Si for High Density DRAMs", 1992 IEEE, pp. 263-266.
Fazan, P.C., et. al., "A High-C Capacitor (20.4fF/μm2) with Ultrathin CVD-Ta2O5 Films Deposited on Rugged Poly-Si for High Density DRAMs", 1992 IEEE, pp. 263-266.
Kamiyama, S., et. al., "Highly Reliable 2.5nm Ta2O5 Capacitor Process Technology for 256Mbit DRAMs", 1991 IEEE, pp. 827-830.
Kamiyama, S., et. al., "Ultrathin Tantalum Oxide Capacitor Dielectric Layers Fabricated Using Rapid Thermal Nitridation prior to Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition", J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 140, No. 6, Jun. 1993, pp. 1617-1625.
Lesaicherre, P-Y, et. al., "A Gbit-Scale DRAM Stacked Capacitor Technology with ECR MOCVD SrTiO3 and RIE Patterned RuO2/TiN Storage Nodes", 1994 IEEE, pp. 831-834.
U.S. application No. 08/916,771, DeBoer et al., Filed Aug. 20, 1997.
U.S. application No. 08/994,054, Parekh et al., Filed Dec. 19, 1997.
Wolf, et. al., "Chemical Vapor Deposition of Amorphous and Polycrystalline Films", Silicon Processing For the VLSI Era-vol. 1, pp. 191-192, 1986.
Wolf, et. al., "Chemical Vapor Deposition of Amorphous and Polycrystalline Films", Silicon Processing For the VLSI Era—vol. 1, pp. 191-192, 1986.
Yamaguchi, H., et. al., "Structural and Electrical Characterization of SrTiO3 Thin Films Prepared by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. vol. 32 (1993), Pt. 1, No. 9B, pp. 4069-4073.


text:
SEIFSA AWARDS FOR EXCELLENCE – FINAL CALL FOR ENTRIES
Johannesburg, 26 April 2019 – The Steel and Engineering Industries Federation of Southern Africa (SEIFSA) has urged companies that are yet to submit entries for the 2019 SEIFSA Awards for Excellence to do so before tonight's midnight deadline.
Now in their fifth year, the Annual SEIFSA Awards for Excellence, which are open to all employers in the metals and engineering sector – including those which are non-SEIFSA members – offer a wonderful opportunity for companies operating in the metals and engineering sector to receive well-deserved acknowledgement and respect by industry peers for their capabilities, expertise and innovation.
SEIFSA Chief Executive Officer Kaizer Nyatsumba said the Awards were born of a need to encourage growth and celebrate excellence in the crucial metals and engineering sector.
"In such tough economic conditions, we at SEIFSA believe that it is of paramount importance for those companies that still excel at what they do, in spite of the economic challenges, to get the acknowledgement and recognition they so richly deserve. It is against this backdrop that we encourage manufacturers operating in the metals and engineering sector to take advantage of the opportunities for recognition offered by the increasingly prestigious SEIFSA Awards for Excellence and submit their entries for the seven categories before the midnight deadline tonight," Mr Nyatsumba said.
[image_with_animation image_url="50980" alignment="" animation="Fade In" img_link_target="_blank" border_radius="none" box_shadow="none" max_width="100%" img_link="https://awards.seifsa.co.za/seifsa-awards-entry-form/"]
Entrants will be assessed on their performance in the period July 1 2017 to December 31 2018 in seven different categories, namely:
The Most Innovative Company of the Year, which will be awarded to a company that showed the best level of innovation in research and development or production between July 2017 and December 2018;
The Health and Safety Award of the Year will be offered to a company with the best legal compliance record in Health and Safety or the lowest Lost-Time Injury Frequency rate in 2018;
The company rated the highest in customer service performance between July 2017 and December 2018 will receive the Customer Service Award of the Year; and
The Environmental Stewardship Award will go to a company that has successfully implemented greening initiatives in its day-to-day business operations between July 2017 and December 2018.
This is the Decade of the Artisan, and an award will be made to the company that trained the highest number of artisans between July 2017 and December 2018;
The Best CSI Award will be presented to a company whose corporate social investment programme/s between July 2017 and December 2018 had a major impact on the lives of its beneficiaries.
The Most Transformed Company of the Year Award category is split into two by company size: the first covers companies employing fewer than 100 people and the second one looks at companies employing more than 100 people. This, according to Mr Nyatsumba, ensures that companies are judged against their peers to encourage fairness.
The 2019 Award winners will be honoured at a ceremony that will take place at the IDC Conference Centre in Sandton on 23 May 2019.
Ollie Madlala
Tel: (011) 298 9411 / 082 602 1725
Email: ollie@seifsa.co.za
Web: www.meindaba. seifsa.co.za

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Chaucer and Story Patterns in Middle English Literature
5. Fabliau
In this final module, we look at the third story-type that Chaucer drew on when compiling the Canterbury Tales – and that is the fabliau. Originally from France, the fabliau is a story-type that features low-born characters and which revolves for the most part around sex and money. In particular, we explore a number of fabliaux (both French and English) and consider their impact on a number of the Tales.
This course provides readers of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales with a broader context of Chaucer's life and times as well as the kind of literature that was being written in the Medieval period that may have inspired Chaucer when it came to writing the Canterbury Tales. We begin by exploring the idea of the story collection, why Chaucer chose this form for his Canterbury Tales, and how Chaucer treated the format differently from his contemporaries Boccaccio and Gower. After that, we look at more detail at some of the story types that Chaucer drew on when compiling the Canterbury Tales – looking in particular at romance, drama, and the fabliau.
Dr. Carolyne Larrington teaches medieval English literature in the college, ranging from the earliest Old English to the beginning of the Renaissance period.
Dr Larrington's research interests are in Old Icelandic literature, medieval women's writing, European Arthurian literature, and, most recently, medieval emotion. She has published on Old English and Old Icelandic wisdom poetry, compiled "Women and Writing in Medieval Europe: A Sourcebook" and edited two collections of essays on the Old Norse "Poetic Edda". Her revised and expanded translation of the "Poetic Edda", just published, is the standard. Her most recent monograph is 'King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition' which appeared from IB Tauris in June 2006. Her book on sibling relations in European medieval literature, and a new popular book on British folklore, "The Land of the Green Man" will be published in 2015; a BBC Radio 4 series based on the folklore book has also been commissioned. She is currently editing a collection of essays on emotion in Arthurian literature, and a Handbook to Eddic Poetry. She has been until recently editor-in-chief of the journal Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, and the President of the Viking Society for Northern Research, the British scholarly society for Old Norse study.
Larrington, C. (2018, August 15). Chaucer and Story Patterns in Middle English Literature - Fabliau [Video]. MASSOLIT. https://www.massolit.io/courses/chaucer-and-story-patterns-in-middle-english-literature/fabliau
Larrington, Carolyne. "Chaucer and Story Patterns in Middle English Literature – Fabliau." MASSOLIT, uploaded by MASSOLIT, 15 Aug 2018, https://www.massolit.io/courses/chaucer-and-story-patterns-in-middle-english-literature/fabliau
2. Story Collections (05:24)
3. Medieval Romance (07:14)
4. Drama (05:59)
5. Fabliau (07:16)
Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales
Chaucer: The Wife of Bath's Tale
Chaucer: The Merchant's Tale
Chaucer: Historical, Literary and Cultural Context
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight


Share This Poem: "Litany of Missing Earrings," by Amy Sailer.
"A Special Spirit": Angeles Gonzalez reproduces Charles Rennie Mackintosh's work in miniature.
Contributor News: Robert Alter's translation of the Hebrew Bible is now complete.
Spotlight Interview: A. W. Barnes, memoirist.


text:
package org.wildfly.security.keystore;

import static org.wildfly.security._private.ElytronMessages.log;

import org.wildfly.common.function.ExceptionSupplier;

import javax.naming.NamingEnumeration;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.naming.directory.Attribute;
import javax.naming.directory.Attributes;
import javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute;
import javax.naming.directory.DirContext;
import javax.naming.directory.ModificationItem;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchControls;
import javax.naming.directory.SearchResult;
import javax.naming.ldap.LdapName;
import javax.naming.ldap.Rdn;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.KeyStoreSpi;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertPath;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateEncodingException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A LDAP backed {@link KeyStore} implementation.
 *
 * @author Jan Kalina
 */
class LdapKeyStoreSpi extends KeyStoreSpi {

    private final String ENV_BINARY_ATTRIBUTES = "java.naming.ldap.attributes.binary";
    private final String CREATE_TIMESTAMP_ATTRIBUTE = "createTimestamp"; // RFC4512
    private final String MODIFY_TIMESTAMP_ATTRIBUTE = "modifyTimestamp"; // RFC4512

    private final ExceptionSupplier<DirContext, NamingException> dirContextSupplier;
    private final String searchPath;
    private final int searchScope;
    private final int searchTimeLimit;
    private final String filterAlias;
    private final String filterCertificate;
    private final String filterIterate;
    private final LdapName createPath;
    private final String createRdn;
    private final Attributes createAttributes;
    private final String aliasAttribute;
    private final String certificateAttribute;
    private final String certificateType;
    private final String certificateChainAttribute;
    private final String certificateChainEncoding;
    private final String keyAttribute;
    private final String keyType;

    LdapKeyStoreSpi(ExceptionSupplier<DirContext, NamingException> dirContextSupplier, String searchPath, int searchScope, int searchTimeLimit,
                    String filterAlias, String filterCertificate, String filterIterate,
                    LdapName createPath, String createRdn, Attributes createAttributes,
                    String aliasAttribute,
                    String certificateAttribute, String certificateType,
                    String certificateChainAttribute, String certificateChainEncoding,
                    String keyAttribute, String keyType) {
        this.dirContextSupplier = dirContextSupplier;
        this.searchPath = searchPath;
        this.searchScope = searchScope;
        this.searchTimeLimit = searchTimeLimit;
        this.filterAlias = filterAlias;
        this.filterCertificate = filterCertificate;
        this.filterIterate = filterIterate;
        this.createPath = createPath;
        this.createRdn = createRdn;
        this.createAttributes = createAttributes;
        this.aliasAttribute = aliasAttribute;
        this.certificateAttribute = certificateAttribute;
        this.certificateType = certificateType;
        this.certificateChainAttribute = certificateChainAttribute;
        this.certificateChainEncoding = certificateChainEncoding;
        this.keyAttribute = keyAttribute;
        this.keyType = keyType;
    }

    private Object binaryAttributesBackup;

    private DirContext obtainDirContext() {
        try {
            DirContext context = dirContextSupplier.get();
            binaryAttributesBackup = context.getEnvironment().get(ENV_BINARY_ATTRIBUTES);
            context.addToEnvironment(ENV_BINARY_ATTRIBUTES, String.join(" ",
                    certificateAttribute, certificateChainAttribute, keyAttribute));
            return context;
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.failedToObtainDirContext(e);
        }
    }

    private void returnDirContext(DirContext context) {
        try {
            if (binaryAttributesBackup == null) {
                context.removeFromEnvironment(ENV_BINARY_ATTRIBUTES);
            } else {
                context.addToEnvironment(ENV_BINARY_ATTRIBUTES, binaryAttributesBackup);
            }
            context.close();
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.failedToReturnDirContext(e);
        }
    }

    private SearchControls createSearchControl(String[] returningAttributes) {
        SearchControls controls = new SearchControls();
        controls.setSearchScope(searchScope);
        controls.setTimeLimit(searchTimeLimit);
        controls.setReturningAttributes(returningAttributes);
        return controls;
    }

    private SearchResult searchAlias(DirContext dirContext, String alias, byte[] cert, String[] returningAttributes) throws NamingException {
        SearchControls ctls = createSearchControl(returningAttributes);
        NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> results = (cert == null) ?
                dirContext.search(searchPath, filterAlias, new String[]{alias}, ctls) :
                dirContext.search(searchPath, filterCertificate, new Object[]{cert}, ctls);

        if (!results.hasMore()) {
            log.debugf("Alias [%s] not found in LdapKeyStore", alias);
            return null;
        }
        return results.next();
    }

    private Attributes obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(String alias, byte[] cert, String[] attributes) {
        DirContext context = obtainDirContext();
        if (context == null) {
            log.trace("Unable to obtain DirContext");
            return null;
        }
        try {
            SearchResult result = searchAlias(context, alias, cert, attributes);
            if (result == null) return null;
            return result.getAttributes();
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainAlias(alias, e);
        } finally {
            returnDirContext(context);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Certificate engineGetCertificate(String alias) {
        Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(alias, null, new String[]{certificateAttribute});
        if (attributes == null) {
            log.tracef("Alias [%s] does not exist", alias);
            return null;
        }
        try {
            Attribute attribute = attributes.get(certificateAttribute);
            if (attribute == null) return null;
            byte[] bytes = (byte[]) attribute.get();
            if (bytes == null) return null;
            InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            CertificateFactory certFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance(certificateType);
            return certFactory.generateCertificate(is);
        } catch (CertificateException | NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainCertificate(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Certificate[] engineGetCertificateChain(String alias) {
        Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(alias, null, new String[]{certificateChainAttribute});
        if (attributes == null) {
            log.tracef("Alias [%s] does not exist", alias);
            return null;
        }
        try {
            Attribute attribute = attributes.get(certificateChainAttribute);
            if (attribute == null) return null;
            byte[] bytes = (byte[]) attribute.get();
            if (bytes == null) return null;
            InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            CertificateFactory certFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance(certificateType);
            Collection<? extends Certificate> chain = certFactory.generateCertificates(is);
            return chain.toArray(new Certificate[chain.size()]);
        } catch (CertificateException | NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainCertificateChain(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Key engineGetKey(String alias, char[] password) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
        Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(alias, null, new String[]{keyAttribute});
        if (attributes == null) {
            log.tracef("Alias [%s] does not exist", alias);
            return null;
        }
        try {
            Attribute attribute = attributes.get(keyAttribute);
            if (attribute == null) return null; // alias does not identify a key-related entry
            byte[] bytes = (byte[]) attribute.get();
            if (bytes == null) return null; // alias does not identify a key-related entry
            InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
            KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyType);
            keystore.load(is, password);
            String firstAlias = keystore.aliases().nextElement();
            return keystore.getKey(firstAlias, password);
        } catch (KeyStoreException | CertificateException | IOException | NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToRecoverKey(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Date engineGetCreationDate(String alias) {
        Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(alias, null, new String[]{CREATE_TIMESTAMP_ATTRIBUTE, MODIFY_TIMESTAMP_ATTRIBUTE});
        if (attributes == null) {
            log.tracef("Alias [%s] does not exist", alias);
            return null;
        }
        try {
            Attribute creationAttribute = attributes.get(CREATE_TIMESTAMP_ATTRIBUTE);
            Attribute modificationAttribute = attributes.get(MODIFY_TIMESTAMP_ATTRIBUTE);
            if (modificationAttribute != null && modificationAttribute.get() != null) {
                return LdapGeneralizedTimeUtil.generalizedTimeToDate((String) modificationAttribute.get());
            } else if (creationAttribute != null && creationAttribute.get() != null) {
                return LdapGeneralizedTimeUtil.generalizedTimeToDate((String) creationAttribute.get());
            } else {
                log.tracef("LDAP entry of alias [%s] does not have create nor modify timestamp attributes", alias);
                return null;
            }
        } catch (ParseException | NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainCreationDate(alias, e);
        }
    }

    private void storeAttributes(String alias, List<ModificationItem> items) throws KeyStoreException {
        DirContext context = obtainDirContext();
        try {
            SearchResult result = searchAlias(context, alias, null, new String[]{});
            LdapName distinguishName;

            if (result == null) { // alias not exists yet - create
                if (createPath == null || createAttributes == null || createRdn == null)
                    throw log.creationNotConfigured(alias);

                distinguishName = (LdapName) createPath.clone();
                distinguishName.add(new Rdn(createRdn, alias));

                log.debugf("Creating keystore alias [%s] with DN [%s] in LDAP", alias, distinguishName.toString());
                context.createSubcontext(distinguishName, createAttributes);

                items.add(new ModificationItem(DirContext.REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, new BasicAttribute(aliasAttribute, alias)));
            } else {
                distinguishName = new LdapName(result.getNameInNamespace());
            }

            context.modifyAttributes(distinguishName, items.toArray(new ModificationItem[items.size()]));
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToStore(alias, e);
        } finally {
            returnDirContext(context);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void engineSetCertificateEntry(String alias, Certificate cert) throws KeyStoreException {
        List<ModificationItem> items = new LinkedList<>();
        try {
            BasicAttribute attribute = new BasicAttribute(certificateAttribute);
            attribute.add(cert.getEncoded());
            items.add(new ModificationItem(DirContext.REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, attribute));
        } catch (CertificateEncodingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToSerializeCertificate(alias, e);
        }
        storeAttributes(alias, items);
    }

    @Override
    public void engineSetKeyEntry(String alias, Key key, char[] password, Certificate[] chain) throws KeyStoreException {
        try {
            // pack key into keystore and protect it using password
            ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            KeyStore keystore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyType);
            keystore.load(null, password);
            keystore.setKeyEntry(alias, key, password, chain);
            keystore.store(os, password);
            byte[] keystoreBytes = os.toByteArray();

            engineSetKeyEntry(alias, keystoreBytes, chain);
        } catch (CertificateException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | IOException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToSerializeKey(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void engineSetKeyEntry(String alias, byte[] keystoreBytes, Certificate[] chain) throws KeyStoreException {
        try {
            List<ModificationItem> items = new LinkedList<>();

            items.add(new ModificationItem(DirContext.REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, new BasicAttribute(keyAttribute, keystoreBytes)));

            CertificateFactory certFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance(certificateType);
            CertPath certPath = certFactory.generateCertPath(Arrays.asList(chain));
            BasicAttribute chainAttr = new BasicAttribute(certificateChainAttribute, certPath.getEncoded(certificateChainEncoding));
            items.add(new ModificationItem(DirContext.REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, chainAttr));

            BasicAttribute certificateAttr = new BasicAttribute(certificateAttribute, chain[0].getEncoded());
            items.add(new ModificationItem(DirContext.REPLACE_ATTRIBUTE, certificateAttr));

            storeAttributes(alias, items);
        } catch (CertificateException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToSerializeCertificate(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void engineDeleteEntry(String alias) throws KeyStoreException {
        DirContext context = obtainDirContext();
        try {
            SearchResult result = searchAlias(context, alias, null, new String[]{});
            if (result == null) {
                throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToDeleteNonExisting(alias);
            }
            context.destroySubcontext(result.getNameInNamespace());
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToDelete(alias, e);
        } finally {
            returnDirContext(context);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean engineContainsAlias(String alias) {
        DirContext context = obtainDirContext();
        if (context == null) {
            log.trace("Unable to obtain DirContext");
            return false;
        }
        try {
            NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> results = context.search(searchPath, filterAlias, new String[]{alias}, createSearchControl(new String[]{aliasAttribute}));
            boolean found = results.hasMore();
            results.close();
            return found;
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToTestAliasExistence(alias, e);
        } finally {
            returnDirContext(context);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Enumeration<String> engineAliases() {
        DirContext context = obtainDirContext();
        if (context == null) {
            log.trace("Unable to obtain DirContext");
            return null;
        }
        try {
            NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> results = context.search(searchPath, filterIterate, null, createSearchControl(new String[]{aliasAttribute})); // TODO pagination
            List<String> aliases = new LinkedList<>();
            while (results.hasMore()) {
                Attribute attribute = results.next().getAttributes().get(aliasAttribute);
                if (attribute != null) aliases.add((String) attribute.get());
            }
            return Collections.enumeration(aliases);
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToIterateAliases(e);
        } finally {
            returnDirContext(context);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int engineSize() {
        DirContext context = obtainDirContext();
        if (context == null) {
            log.trace("Unable to obtain DirContext");
            return 0;
        }
        try {
            NamingEnumeration<SearchResult> results = context.search(searchPath, filterIterate, null, createSearchControl(new String[]{aliasAttribute}));
            int count = 0;
            while (results.hasMore()) {
                results.next();
                count++;
            }
            return count;
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToIterateAliases(e);
        } finally {
            returnDirContext(context);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean engineIsKeyEntry(String alias) {
        Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(alias, null, new String[]{keyAttribute});
        Attribute attribute = attributes == null ? null : attributes.get(keyAttribute);
        if (attribute == null) {
            log.tracef("Alias [%s] is not key entry", alias);
            return false;
        }
        try {
            byte[] bytes = (byte[]) attribute.get();
            return bytes != null;
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainKey(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean engineIsCertificateEntry(String alias) {
        Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(alias, null, new String[]{certificateAttribute});
        if (attributes == null) return false;
        Attribute attribute = attributes.get(certificateAttribute);
        if (attribute == null) return false;
        try {
            byte[] bytes = (byte[]) attribute.get();
            return bytes != null;
        } catch (NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainKey(alias, e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String engineGetCertificateAlias(Certificate cert) {
        try {
            byte[] certBytes = cert.getEncoded();
            Attributes attributes = obtainAliasOrCertificateAttributes(null, certBytes, new String[]{aliasAttribute});
            Attribute attribute = attributes == null ? null : attributes.get(aliasAttribute);
            if (attribute == null) {
                log.tracef("Certificate not found in LDAP: [%s]", cert);
                return null;
            }
            return (String) attribute.get();
        } catch (CertificateException | NamingException e) {
            throw log.ldapKeyStoreFailedToObtainAliasByCertificate(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void engineLoad(InputStream stream, char[] password) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException {
        // NO-OP
    }

    @Override
    public void engineStore(OutputStream stream, char[] password) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException {
        // NO-OP
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Inspired by Aphex Twin's "Nannou", I wanted to make something time-related. Something magical. Something that feels mathematically intricate and at the same time relative to one's perception.
Happy Clock Day 2015 and enjoy!
Very interesting, and a creative use of sounds. I dig the variation of your instrument set; it has a lot of flavour.
Legit. I might actually put this on my iPod.
I literally just downloaded Theme of Sorrow to use (in a comedic drama, but I might have more serious uses for it in future) before I saw this. Always nice to have folks joining in on the festivities. Happy Clock Day!
I can't even begin to tell you how awesome this is.
The fact you start with the ticking, and build up to some kind of magnificent world, deserves a fiver. Great Job. Lovely work.


As I mentioned yesterday, one of the big advantages of online bill pay is that you can schedule payments on many of your bills in advance so that you don't have to worry about paying them on time. Online bill pay just fires them off for you at the correct time.
Of course, that really only works if you know the amount of the bill in advance. It works great for mortgage payments or car payments or insurance payments, but for many of us, our cell phone bill and electric bill and other bills vary a little (or a lot) from month to month.
For those bills, you can't just type in an amount well in advance and call it good enough. You'll either be drastically overpaying or, even worse, underpaying your bill.
Thankfully, many companies have a very useful solution already in place: automatic bill pay.
To put it simply, you can authorize your electric company or cell phone company to automatically withdraw an amount equal to your bill from your checking account on or near the bill's due date. Most service providers allow this, and it's an incredibly convenient.
First of all, it saves you time. You can just glance at a bill when you receive it and, if it seems sensible, file it. No stamps. No checks. No logging onto online banking. It's just paid automatically.
Second, it further reduces the chance of any late payments. Late payments can cause you to owe late fees and can have a negative impact on your credit report. With automated bills, you can't be late any more.
These two benefits alone add up to real savings, both in terms of time and money.
Some people have expressed concern about using such services and wondering about identity theft. Typically, the only information you provide when you sign up for this service is a voided check, and they already have your checks from your previous bill payment. You're not providing them with any information the company doesn't already have, in other words.
Another concern is that you need to make sure you keep a healthy checking account balance. If you let your balance get really low and then a bill is automatically paid for, you can easily overdraft. I maintain a minimum balance in my checking account and treat that level as essentially being zero; if I get below, say, $300, I react much as I would if the balance was $0 and I quickly strive to get more money in there. Overdrafting is an unnecessary expense for the prepared person.
Personally, I use both automatic bill payment through my online bill pay as well as automatic payments through my service provider to minimize my effort in paying all of my bills.
Try it yourself – you'll find that it saves you both money and time throughout each and every month. That's a reward well worth striving for.


text:
Home / Arts & Entertainment / The Tension And Unpredictability Inherent In Staging Carnival
The Tension And Unpredictability Inherent In Staging Carnival
in Arts & Entertainment September 4, 2014 0
By Lincoln Depradine
Pride Contributing Writer
There are a few things that are part of the annual ritual of all carnivals. These rituals include complaints about unfair judging; dissatisfaction with government and private sector funding for the festival; questions about the receipt and disbursement of money; poor festival organizing; dissatisfaction with the administration of the carnival; and disappointment that the carnival did not live up to the expectation of one or more persons.
These rituals are ever present from Trinidad and Grenada in the southern Caribbean to Toronto and New York in North America, to Notting Hill in England.
And part of the reasons we'll have these perennial griping about carnival, wherever it exists, is because of discordance and anachronism.
Modern carnival is a work in process, I submit; and, I've argued before and will continue to argue, that there never will be a "perfect'' carnival to satisfy all stakeholders, including masqueraders, calypso and soca artistes, pannists, the government tax collectors, and the capitalists who invest in carnival and are looking for returns on their investments.
In a commentary, written shortly after this year's carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, I noted that masquerading on the street began as a populist cultural celebration among poor, enslaved black folk; their only wealth was embodied in their spirit and their soul and their creativity and inherent talent for song and dance.
Carnival, in its germinal stage, was a free-flowing cultural expression. But, with the passage of time, tension has been growing over how to package carnival to make it both an entertaining and a money-making venture.
One of the challenges with this noble approach, I wrote, is the level of unpredictability and chaos inherent in carnival.
I pointed out that one cannot "produce'' and "direct'' carnival the way you "produce'' and "direct'' a Broadway show, or a show at Roy Thomson Hall, the Royal Alexander Theatre or the Princess of Wales Theatre.
So, not surprisingly, the Festival Management Committee (FMC) experienced "challenges'' this year as it attempted to route bands through the ground of Exhibition Place and then unto Lakeshore Boulevard in Toronto.
Christopher Alexander, the FMC's chief administrative officer, said some things "went wrong'' with this year's carnival; that there was an issue with the "timing of the parade''.
In short, the Scotiabank Toronto Caribbean Carnival was bedeviled by "unpredictability''. It could have been anything else to cause the organizers some grief – a broken down float; the late arrival of a judge, for example.
The FMC, which was supposed to be the answer to the embattled Caribbean Cultural Committee (CCC), is now on the receiving end of similar criticism that was leveled at the CCC, which now carries the name the Caribbean Arts Group (CAG).
And I'm under no illusion that if another group is allowed to run carnival in Toronto, it too, will get its share of licks.
It is in this vein, therefore, that rapprochement should be made among all the carnival stakeholders in the city – including FMC and CAG – to arrive at a formula, and bring together all the talent that will enable Toronto to produce an excellent carnival each year. No one group and no one person has everything it takes to put on carnival.
It's about time the City of Toronto stands down and begins to play a mediation role to bridge the gap among the various groups, and return the festival and its name – Caribana – to the community to run; with organizers and leaders chosen by community members in transparent and democratic elections.
There are claims in some quarters that the Toronto Caribbean Carnival is a privately run festival, with the city simply providing backing. Well, if that's the case, then it should be public information.
For all the doomsday prediction of carnival's "dying'', there's little chance of that occurring here or elsewhere. It's too important in its cultural and economic importance for that to happen.
What is likely to happen though, is a continued dwindling in participation and support for some aspects of the carnival arts.
Steelbands are attracting lots of young people, especially girls. But the audience at competitions remains an older generation – many of them pannists from the 1960s, 70s and 80s. The biggest panorama crowds are at Trinidad and New York panoramas. And, even then, those cheering the bands generally are "ole timers''.
Calypso, like pan, also has an aging following. The young – and young at heart – flock venues in every city, and every country, for Soca Monarch competitions.
Hundreds of artistes register to participate in the preliminary rounds of these soca competitions.
The traditionalists that run calypso associations, and reminisce about the "good ole days'' of calypso and the lyrical beauty of compositions by Sparrow, Kitchener, Melody, Pretender, Roaring Lion and others, might want to consider how they could rope in the young people who gravitate to soca.
Perhaps, they can organize a "calypso'' competition with artiste singing to a soca beat. Judging, overwhelmingly, will be based on lyrics – unlike a "real soca'' competition where the emphasis is on stage presentation and the fashionable "jump and wave''.
Soca championships also pay a lot more than calypso competitions. So, the future of calypso also appears to depend on bigger prize cheques for competitors.
Country and city carnival organizers worldwide also should consider establishing an international body that would allow for the exchange of expertise and ideas; and also ensure that a greater share of profits is returned to entertainers from the millions of dollars that are generated from the various carnival festivals.
Photo courtesy of Anthony Sladden.
'On De Road Again': Celebrating The Return Of The Toronto Caribbean Carnival
Toronto Caribbean Carnival This Weekend
Canadian Reggae Industry Pioneer/Promoter, Denise Jones, To Be Inducted Into Brampton's Arts Walk Of Fame
Reelworld Film Festival Seeking To Change How Black, Indigenous, And Women Of Colour Are Depicted On Canadian Screens


text:
Reform Driving Physicians Out of Private Practice to Reduce Costs
Richard Reece, MD, James Doulgeris
Under the Affordable Care Act, private practice physicians are closing up shop and joining big box medicine in a plan to trim healthcare costs.
When Edward Lorenz, a Harvard mathematician and meteorologist, coined the term "The Butterfly Effect" 40 years ago, he used it to simplify his broader "Chaos Theory" by saying that extreme weather in Texas or New York could be caused by a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil. The Chaos Theory also holds that an outcome in any field of human endeavor is highly sensitive to initial conditions.
When Congress passed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in an attempt to redirect the unsustainable trajectory of our $2.9 trillion, extraordinarily complex healthcare system, it did so with about 2,600 pages of potential progenitors of the Butterfly Effect.
The casualties of the first flutters wrote large are being seen already. They are doctors being driven out of private practice and into the safe refuge of employment by hospitals, large clinics, and integrated health systems. These consolidated systems, with near monopolies in many geographic regions, will be powerful enough to demand higher rates and new fees from payers. As a countermeasure, government reformers are pushing accountable care organizations, with bundled bills, budgetary caps, and capitated rates, shifting risk to closed systems of physicians and hospitals.
Will big box medicine actually lower costs? There are valid grounds for doubt. If and how long the federal government can afford to keep the new system afloat with cash as it conversely heaps on mountains of new regulations and unfunded mandates lengthens the odds of success considerably.
Exacerbating the entire situation is the present public health concern of physician shortages building to crisis proportions as so starkly outlined by Annie Lowrey and Robert Pear in their July 28, 2012 New York Times article, "Doctor Shortage Likely to Worsen With Health Law."
Putting physicians who have invested a decade or more in intensive training with six figure school loans out of business and into a big box lab coat is far removed from putting a general store owner out of business and into a big box retail vest. The level of dissatisfaction among physicians is already profound, and worsening. Of greater concern - they have choices other than clinical medicine and resources to pursue them.
So, the question is: Is driving a systemically distressed, contracting, dissatisfied and undercompensated physician sector to be forcibly absorbed by a traditional antagonist, but symbiotic hospital sector on the edge of distress itself and binding them together with miles of red tape and questionably reachable incentives going to reduce costs?
In a July 16, 2012 op-ed in the Boston Globe, Lynn Nicholas makes a compelling case that Massachusetts experience with "Romneycare" proves that reducing payments to hospitals doesn't reduce healthcare costs; it just shifts them to someone else. The converse being true is equally logical. Shifting risks from one entity to another doesn't reduce health costs; it just shifts risks – in this case from payers big enough to absorb them to providers, who are not.
One proponent of passing risk and reward to providers is David Lawrence, MD, chairman emeritus of Kaiser Permanente, who reasons that team-based medicine - coordinated care with physicians working in teams - replacing independent, fee-for-service physicians with structured organizations and salaried physicians, will bring order out of chaos with lowered costs1.
On the other hand, Dr. Brenda Zimmerman and her co-authors in their groundbreaking book, "Edgeware: Insights from Complexity Science for Health Care Leaders," believe that combining workable systems rather than unworkable master schemes and mixing cooperation with competition, rather than emphasizing one or another, is the key to success2.
The smart money, however, is on the "Cyrus Vance 2 1/2 Rule," which has proven true time and time again: "Always remember that everything takes twice as long, costs twice as much and works half as well as the original projection."
Vance was Deputy Secretary of Defense back in the 1960s. His was no theory.
Richard Reece, M.D. is the author of "The Health Reform Maze."
Find out more about James Doulgeris and our other Practice Notes bloggers.
1 David Lawrence, "From Chaos to Care: The Promise of Team-Based Medicine," Perseus Press, 2002
2 Brenda Zimmerman, Curt Lindberg, and Paul Plsek, "Edgeware: Insights from Complexity Science for Health Care Leaders," VHA Inc, Irving Texas, 1998


text:
Hira Lal Chakravarty (1907 - ?) fue un profesor botánico hindú.

Algunas publicaciones

Libros
 1966.  Monograph on the cucurbitaceae of Iraq. Ed. Baghdad : Dar Al-Jumhuriya. 145 pp.
 1976.  Plant wealth of Iraq : a dictionary of economic plants. Ed. Baghdad: Botany Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform. 477 pp.

Honores
En su honor se instituyó el "Galardón Professor Hira Lal Chakravarty" en 1984 por la "Indian Science Congress Association"

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de India del siglo XX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Police told Brown to stay away from the Chevron gas station on 12701 SW 268th St. last week, but she was back on Saturday.
Cellphone video shows Miami-Dade Police arresting a woman in a wheelchair on Dec. 3, 2016.
At some point, she falls out of the chair and lands face down on the yellow parking stripe. The door to the back seat of a police car is open behind her.
Brown and the officers argue briefly over whose fault it is she's on the ground. It's not clear if she flung herself, if officers dropped her or a combination of both.
Brown was taken to jail in an ambulance. The court put a stay on her trespassing charge.


text:
Komisja Rabiniczna ds. cmentarzy – specjalna komisja działająca przy Biurze Naczelnego Rabina Polski, której zadaniem jest sprawowanie nadzoru nad cmentarzami żydowskimi oraz grobami żydowskich ofiar Zagłady, a także żydowskich pochówkami znajdującymi się poza granicami cmentarzy na terenie Polski.

Początkowo, od 2002 roku, Komisja funkcjonowała jako ciało doradcze przy Fundacji Ochrony Dziedzictwa Żydowskiego w Polsce. Obecnie Komisja Rabiniczna działa w ramach Związku Gmin Wyznaniowych Żydowskich RP. Przedmiotem zainteresowania Komisji jest ochrona cmentarzy w ich historycznych (czyli przedwojennych) granicach oraz zabezpieczanie nieoznaczonych grobów masowych i miejsc pochówku.

Komisja działa zgodnie z wytycznymi prawa żydowskiego (halachy), które kładzie nacisk na ochronę szczątków ludzkich złożonych na cmentarzu lub poza nim bez względu na to, czy szczątki te pozostają w układzie anatomicznym czy przemieszane są z warstwami ziemi. Oznacza to konieczność zabezpieczenia kości przed naruszeniem, ponieważ tradycja żydowska zakazuje ekshumacji oraz ingerowania w strukturę ziemi w miejscach złożenia szczątków. W związku z tym, w pracach Komisji istotne jest ustalenie dokładnych granic cmentarzy i grobów, aby zapewnić im ochronę. Działając zgodnie z prawem żydowskim, Komisja stosuje tylko nieinwazyjne metody badań. W celu odtworzenia historycznych granic cmentarza czy rozpoznania jego strefy grzebalnej, a także w badaniu nieoznaczonych grobów ofiar Zagłady pracownicy Komisji posługują się takimi narzędziami, jak: synchronizacja przedwojennych map, synchronizacja zdjęć lotniczych z okresu II wojny światowej, badania georadarowe. Badania archeologiczne dopuszcza się tylko w przypadkach wyjątkowych, w trybie konsultacji z Komisją i pod nadzorem rabinicznym delegowanego pracownika Komisji. Komisja przygotowuje także wytyczne dla osób prowadzących prace na cmentarzach żydowskich.

Przypisy

Związek Gmin Wyznaniowych Żydowskich w RP
Cmentarze żydowskie w Polsce


Congratulations on your upcoming wedding & honeymoon onboard the Disney Fantasy! What a magical way to spend your first seven days of married life! My husband & I also spent our honeymoon at sea, and I have to let you know that I was also worried about all the "fancy foods" that was offered on the dining menus. I have a few suggestions that I hope will help you enjoy the delicious cuisine of Disney Cruise Line! Whenever I order from the menu, I often ask for items to be removed or placed on the side. Disney Cruise Line is usually very accommodating to my request. But, with that being said, since your food has already been paid for, a cruise is a perfect time to step out of your food comfort zone! One great thing about your dining servers is if you don't like something, they will be happy to bring something else that you might like better. I haven't always liked what I have tried, but with many cruises under my belt, I have definitely enjoyed dishes that I would have never tried in a land based restaurant! So, even if you and your wife consider yourself plain eaters, make a deal to try a few new items next week!
I'm also happy to report that on my recent Fantasy cruise, there were basic items on the menu each night such as baked salmon, chicken breast, steak, baked potato and rice. I did order the chicken breast one night because it was all that appealed to me, and it was delicious!
I hope my answer helps! I wish you the best of luck with your upcoming wedding!
Have a magical honeymoon sailing!


text:
Products>Democracy in America (2 vols.)
Democracy in America (2 vols.)
by Alexis de Tocqueville
Sever and Francis
In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont were commissioned by the French government to study America's prison system. The two took a nine-month tour of the country studying prisons, but also the character of American religion, politics, and society. Tocqueville noted the lack of regard for social class, the high regard for labor, and the equality of economic opportunity. Two years later they'd published their official report on penitentiaries, but it was Tocqueville's Democracy in America the stores could not keep in stock.
In Democracy in America, Tocqueville examines why democracy flourished in America, while having disastrous effects elsewhere. Tocqueville admires the American constitution, but gives most of the credit to American "habits of mind." He credits America's Puritan foundations for creating a climate of equality, with a dominant middle class and an emphasis on religious and political liberty. Throughout the massive work, Tocqueville becomes the first to identify the ideology of separate spheres for men and women, and he makes many accurate predictions about slavery and industry—anticipating both the Civil War between North and South, and the Cold War between Russia and the United States.
Marking a new era of social science, Tocqueville's classic work is a necessity in the library of any student of politics, sociology, or history.
The digital edition of this valuable work is enhanced by amazing functionality. Study Tocqueville alongside a library of classic literature and philosophy. Important terms link to dictionaries, encyclopedias, and a wealth of other resources in your digital library. Powerful searches help you find exactly what you're looking for. Tablet and mobile apps let you take your study with you. With Logos, the most efficient and comprehensive research tools are in one place, so you get the most out of your study.
Examines the history of American politics, economics, civil society, and family structure
Keystone text in political science, sociology, and history
Classic 1835 translation by Henry Reeve
At once the best book ever written on democracy and the best book ever written on America.
—Harvey Mansfield, William R. Kenan Jr., Professor of Government, Harvard
Democracy in America, vol. 1
Author: Alexis de Tocqueville
Translator: Henry Reeve
Edition: Fourth
Publisher: Sever and Francis
Volume 1 of Democracy in America primarily examines the governmental structure and social conditions of America. It is divided into eight chapters:
Exterior Form of North America
Origin of the Anglo-Americans and Its Importance in Relation to Their Future Condition
Social Conditions of the Anglo-Americans
The Principle of the Sovereignty of the People in America
Necessity of Examining the Condition of the States before That of the Union at Large
Judicial Power in the United States and Its Influence on Political Society
Political Jurisdiction in the United States
The Federal Constitution
Volume 2 of Democracy in America focuses on the sweeping influence of democratic thought on American society. It is divided into four books:
Influence of Democracy upon the Action of Intellect in the United States
Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of the Americans
Influence of Democracy on Manners Properly So Called
Influence of Democratic Ideas and Feelings on Political Society
Title: Democracy in America
About Alexis de Tocqueville
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) was a French political philosopher and historian, best known for his works Democracy in America and The Old Regime and Revolution. He was a pioneer in modern political science and sociology, famously analyzing the societal changes provoked by democratic society. Actively engaged in French politics most of his life, he retired after Napoleon's 1851 coup and focused on his writing. He died of tuberculosis in the spring of 1859.


text:
RTÉ Investigates
Housing outlook is poor, despite record investment
Updated / Sunday, 15 Jan 2023 07:00
There is increasing pessimism at the top level of Government over its ability to resolve the housing crisis
By Sandra Hurley
Housing remains the number one challenge for the Government but despite record investment, the outlook is poor.
Taoiseach Leo Varadkar has been redoubling efforts to show that the coalition is determined to tackle the problem.
But this week's Housing Seminar was quickly dismissed by the Opposition as a talking shop and an admission of failure.
The renewed focus comes at a time of increasing pessimism at the top level of Government, where many believe real progress will not be made within its lifetime.
That's because the three-party coalition has at most two years to run.
However, senior ministers want to be election-ready for the second half of 2024.
This leaves just 18 months to make a difference - a challenge deemed impossible by one Cabinet member who confided recently that the complicated jigsaw of policy responses will not turn the tide.
In contrast, there is a view that the impact of the rising cost-of-living can be dealt with and greatly eased by money.
And that is certainly not in short supply as demonstrated by news of the State's €5bn surplus last year.
There is a view that the impact of the rising cost-of-living can be dealt with and greatly eased by money
This means it's very likely there will be more help to tackle inflation, with decisions set for the end of February.
It hasn't gone unnoticed either that overall coalition support has received a bounce in various opinion polls and this has been ascribed to the largesse of recent months.
But housing is much thornier.
Deployment of the massive €4bn annual investment under Housing for All may not be enough.
Even reaching that amount of annual spend has proven difficult in the first full year of the plan.
The bigger issue, though, is that money alone cannot solve the problem.
Right now, all the housing data seems to be going in the wrong direction.
Homelessness figures reaching new monthly highs, house prices still climbing and too few houses are being built.
Supply is seen as the panacea that will lead to relief for renters, buyers and especially those homeless right now.
To reach the scale required, that supply must come from new homes rather than acquisitions.
However, a raft of indicators have underlined the crisis in construction of new homes.
Commencements are down, apartment planning permissions have plunged and construction indices have illustrated a drop off in house building.
A raft of indicators have underlined the crisis in construction of new homes
The slowdown reflects the soaring cost of construction, meaning there is a viability gap for developers.
The Government is attempting to bridge that gap with various schemes including the €450m Croí Cónaithe fund to support the development of apartments in cities.
Whether these will work remains to be seen.
But the upshot is that while 2022's target of 24,600 new homes will be exceeded, the targets for 2023 and 2024 are unlikely to be met.
Estate agent Lisney said this week that it expects the supply of new homes to drop off from the middle of this year.
In addition, the Government has already conceded that its housing targets are too low and are based on outdated population figures.
This all leads to the sinking realisation that the massive housing shortage is set to be prolonged.
Another looming problem is the expiry of the winter eviction ban on 31 March.
This raises the spectre of many more people becoming homeless in just a few weeks.
When the ban was introduced, the opposition said it must be accompanied by a renewed effort to increase housing supply, otherwise the move was just kicking the can down the road.
However, that ramping up does not appear to have happened.
The ramping up of housing supply does not appeared to have happened
Housing Minister Darragh O'Brien has insisted there will be no "cliff edge" on 31 March because the expiry of the ban is staggered until June depending on length of tenancies and notice periods.
But the already rising homelessness figures will be watched closely.
In order to tackle the deepening crisis, some in Government have been pushing for tax breaks for developers.
The argument goes that if a developer is sitting on an unused asset, you can incentivise them to use the land by making it more affordable to develop.
Enterprise Minister Simon Coveney reportedly expanded on this at one Fine Gael parliamentary party meeting.
Reducing VAT on materials or targeted cuts to encourage apartment building are two potential measures being bandied about.
But there is a clear split in the coalition on moving forward with policies reminiscent of those blamed for contributing to the crash.
For Fianna Fáil, this is toxic territory which would allow the opposition to reheat the barbs about the politics of the Galway tent.
The minister now in charge of tax policy, Michael McGrath, appeared to pour cold water on the idea recently when he said that it was a sensitive area which should not be speculated upon. Instead, he pointed to the massive investment under Housing for All.
Both Mr McGrath and Tánaiste Micheál Martin have stressed that the Croí Cónaithe scheme is the mechanism to bridge viability.
But Fine Gael leader Leo Varadkar told reporters this week that such tax measures were not "off the table".
He has previously said that the Department of Finance should have a more open mind on tax breaks to make housing developments more viable.
Sinn Féin has already dismissed Croí Conaithe as a "crazy scheme to line the pockets of developers in a style similar to last time Fianna Fáil were in government".
With such an ideological chasm, it is difficult to see the coalition agreeing on such a radical intervention. Instead, it will hope that various schemes already underway yield results.
But the omens are not good.
Sandra Hurley
Follow@sandra_hurley
Tánaiste: No privatisation of public forestry in plan
Govt accused of breaking full open disclosure pledge
Social Democrats say vacant home tax 'pathetically low'
Open disclosure change agreed for Patient Safety Bill


Below outlines our flat rate shipping for major city metros. Should you require shipping outside of these areas, please contact us for a no obligation quotation. It's no problem at all... Everyone deserves beautiful furnishings.


text:
Third HERMANA project mission to present beta version of the Water Management Information Center
From 5 to 9 March 2018, staff people of the HERMANA project presented the first version of the Water Management Information Center (WMIC) for the Cauca Valley Basin at the CVC headquarters in Cali, Colombia. This information center aims to be the cornerstone for supporting the decision-making process at the technical and institutional levels in those tasks related with the integrated management of water resources, and the management of extreme hydrometeorological risks (droughts, floods).
During the one-week mission, technical and participatory workshops were organized to reinforce the technical capabilities of the local staff in relation to using data and information effectively during the decision making process under different critical scenarios of dam operational management, high risks of floods, water scarcity, and pollution of aquifers. FutureWater led a specific workshop on "Conjunctive use of surface and ground water, putting special emphasis on the integration of data from the WMIC information with simulation and optimization tools."
The first (beta) version of the WMIC, which integrates the data from FEWS-Colombia and infoSequia in the HydroNET platform, was presented to technicians and head staff of different departments of CVC, who showed their satisfaction and interest in continuing to improve its content and functionality.
Beta version of the Water Management Information Centre of the Cauca Valley Basin. From left to right: Martijn Visser and Sheila Ball (Deltares) and Sergio Contreras (FutureWater).


text:
René Marie Victor Bremer (Sommière, 16 juni 1871 - Beveren aan de IJzer, 14 oktober 1918) was een Belgisch militair. Hij is gesneuveld op het slagveld tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Hij is de bedenker van een elektrische schietschijf in 1903.

Persoonlijk leven
Op 17-jarige leeftijd treedt Bremer als beroepsvrijwilliger in de militaire school. Na zijn opleiding wordt hij in 1891 ingedeeld bij het 9° Linieregiment. In 1897 wordt hij toegelaten aan de Krijgsschool.

Bremer was getrouwd met Jeanne Françoise Helene Henriette Boutellier. Hij woonde in Schaarbeek.

Elektrische schietschijf
De elektrische schietschijf (ook Bremerschijf genoemd) werd door commandant Bremer gepatenteerd in 1903 .  Hij won er de gouden prijs van het Ministerie van Oorlog mee in 1905. Ze werd door het Belgisch leger ingevoerd in 1907. Ze werd bovendien aangekocht door Nederland, Bolivië, Argentinië, Brazilië, Paraguay, Cuba, Duitsland, Frankrijk en Rusland. Dankzij deze uitvinding was het kamp van Beverlo één der modernste van Europa op dat ogenblik.

Deze schijf bestaat uit afzonderlijke ringen. Elke ring is onderverdeel in een groot aantal segmenten, die elk afzonderlijk ingedrukt kunnen worden door inslag van een kogel, waardoor een elektrisch contact ontstaat. Dit contact doet een genummerde tuimelaar neervallen (of bv. een lamp branden) op de getuigenschijf naast de schutter. De doelplaat (die nooit doorboord wordt) wordt door een veer teruggeduwd.

De elektro-automatische schietschijf bestaat dus uit vier delen :

 De eigenlijke schietschijf
 De getuigenschijf, naast de schutter
 De kabel die beide voorgaande verbindt
 De batterij

Het systeem was zeer robuust en deugdelijk: zo werd het nog aangekocht in 1934 voor de inrichting van de schietstand van de Ratz-kazerne in Vielsalm.

De Duitse bezetter maakte gebruik van deze systemen in beide wereldoorlogen.

In 1960 was dit type van schijven nog in dienst in het kamp van Beverlo.

Eerste Wereldoorlog
Na de Duitse inval in België op 4 augustus 1914 maakt Bremer onder kolonel Biebuyck de terugtocht mee en neemt hij deel aan de uitval vanuit Antwerpen. Op 26 augustus 1914 raakt hij in Mechelen gewond en wordt hij tot 3 oktober 1914 verzorgd in het Sint-Elisabethgasthuis in Antwerpen. Daarna vervoegt hij zich opnieuw bij zijn regiment. In november 1914 wordt hij bevorderd tot kolonel en wordt hij commandant van het 1° Regiment Karabiniers.

Op 14 oktober 1918, tijdens het eindoffensief voor de bevrijding van Roeselare, wordt kolonel Bremer in Rumbeke door scherven in het hoofd getroffen. Hij wordt geëvacueerd naar Zonnebeke, waar een chirurgische voorpost van het militair hospitaal van Beveren aan de IJzer was gevestigd. Hij overlijdt daar dezelfde dag. Zijn lichaam wordt op 19 oktober 1918 begraven op het kerkhof van Beveren aan de IJzer.

Herdenking

Als eerbetoon aan kolonel Bremer wordt in 1930 een plein in Schaarbeek naar hem vernoemd.

In het Josaphatpark in Schaarbeek, aan de Louis Bertrandlaan, staat het Monument R. Bremer ter herdenking aan de gesneuvelde karabiniers.

Belgisch militair in de Eerste Wereldoorlog


As usual, the conventional theorists are clueless. This huge galaxy cluster could not have formed in a mere 2 billion years after the alleged "Big Bang." Obviously, the universe is much older than the conventional theorists say it is.
Study the Reciprocal System and prove it for yourself. Dr. Satz is the author of The Unmysterious Universe, The Reciprocal System: Microcosmos Database, The Reciprocal System: Macrocosmos Database, and Existents and Interactions: A Computational Treatise of the Reciprocal System–The True Theory of Everything. All are available from http://www.transpowercorp.com and http://www.amazon.com.
Go to http://www.reciprocalsystem.guru for a concise description of the theory.


text:
HomeNationalOff-duty officer will not be charged in fatal Costco shooting
Off-duty officer will not be charged in fatal Costco shooting
amphotora/iStock(LOS ANGELES) — A California grand jury will not indict an off-duty Los Angeles Police Department officer accused of fatally shooting an unarmed man inside a Costco, officials announced Wednesday.
Officer Salvador Sanchez, a member of LAPD's Southwest Division, shot and killed the man and injured two other members of his family inside the store on June 14, police said.
Sanchez shot at the family after an argument ensued at the Costco in Corona, according to police, after the officer was assaulted "without provocation" by a 32-year-old man while he was holding his young child.
Sanchez then opened fire and struck the man, later identified as Kenneth French, from Riverside.
French was struck four times and his parents were also shot in the incident.
Sanchez suffered minor injuries as a result of the confrontation, police said.
Following the incident, Sanchez was placed on administrative leave pending the outcome of the investigation.
Sanchez's attorney, Ira Salzman, told ABC News last month that his client "reasonably" believed his and his son's lives were in danger.
It "wasn't a little bump in a supermarket aisle," Salzman said, alleging that Kenneth French hit Sanchez "so hard" that he suffered a concussion.
Sanchez then withdrew his weapon and fired, "aiming right at Mr. French, who was the threat to him," Salzman said.
French's family believes he suffered from schizophrenia, but he had been taken off his medication due to other health complications, which may have affected his behavior that night.
His parents, Russell and Paola French, said their son was unable to communicate with Sanchez.
"I begged and told him not to shoot," Russell French said. "I said we have no guns and my son is sick. He still shot."
"Our first-born son was a peaceful and loving soul throughout all 32 years of his life. He was caring, helpful and gentle, never aggressive…to anybody at anytime," French's mother said at a press conference last month.
The family was shopping in preparation for the upcoming Father's Day holiday the day French was killed.
The case was submitted to the grand jury on Sept. 9 and determined that no charges should be filed, Riverside County District Attorney Mike Hestrin said at a press conference on Wednesday.
The DA said the case was taken to the grand jury after witnesses refused to cooperate with investigators and issued subpoenas to force them to testify before jurors.
Sanchez's injury to his head as a result of the confrontation with French was likely a key component in the decision not to indict, according to Hestrin.
"One of the pieces of information that I think was uncontroverted was that the off-duty officer was struck by Kenneth French … and he went down as he was holding his infant child," Hestrin told a news conference. "And it all happened very fast, about less than four seconds from the moment that [French] struck to the moment that [Sanchez] fired."
Sanchez believed there was an active shooter situation and reached behind his head to check for blood multiple times, witnesses testified.
The current status of Sanchez's role with the LAPD is unclear. The LAPD was conducting an internal investigation to determine if Sanchez followed department policies during the shooting.
US accuses Syria of chemical weapons attack, vowing to not let it go 'unchallenged'
Service member killed, 3 others injured during Army helicopter accident at Fort Polk


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text:
Vondelmolen N.V. is een Belgisch voedingsbedrijf dat vooral bekend is als producent van peperkoek, welke sinds 2016 door de VLAM erkend is als streekproduct.

Het hoofdkantoor, waarvan de basis gevormd wordt door een voormalige molen aan de Vondelbeek, staat in het Oost-Vlaamse Lebbeke.

Geschiedenis

1867 - 1914
Het bedrijf is opgericht in 1867, toen de familie Borms de Vondelmolen, een stenen windmolen gelegen aan de Vondelbeek in Lebbeke, kocht. Deze van oorsprong graanmolen werd door Vondelmolen als olieslagmolen gebruikt voor het winnen van olie uit zaden en pitten.

Kort voor de aanvang van de Eerste Wereldoorlog kocht het bedrijf een stoommachine waardoor de productie opgevoerd kon worden. Tevens werd extra grond aangekocht om meer ruimte te verkrijgen voor de gewenste uitbreidingen. De olieslagmolen kreeg een functie als opslagplaats.

1914 - 1945
De Eerste Wereldoorlog brak uit en in 1915 werd het bedrijf door de Duitsers nagenoeg geheel verwoest en platgebrand. Alleen de molen bleek de brand overleefd te hebben. Met hulp van een bevriend bedrijf uit Wieze werd het bedrijf weer langzaam opgebouwd en ging zich toeleggen op bakkerij grondstoffen en producten. Het bedrijf startte, mede door een huwelijk tussen Louis Borms en Gabrielle Vincke, samenwerkingsverband met de bakkersfamilie Vincke.

Men besloot zich meer toe te leggen op bakkerijproducten en peperkoek, speculaas en beschuit werden aan de productie toegevoegd. Het bedrijf telde in die tijd circa 20 werknemers. Verdere groei zorgde in de jaren dertig voor investeringen in grotere ovens en vrachtwagens voor het transport van de producten.

Vlak voor de Tweede Wereldoorlog werd de samenwerking beëindigd na onenigheid over een grotere invloed / inbreng van de familie Vincke in het bedrijf. De familie Borms bleef met Vondelmolen de peperkoek en speculaas produceren en bakker Vincke besloot zich meer te richten op beschuit en paneermeel.

1945- 2013

Tijdens de oorlog stagneerde de aanvoer van grondstoffen en liep de productie sterk terug. Directeur Louis Borms overleed in 1942 en zijn echtgenote Gabriëlle Vincke nam de bedrijfsleiding over. Onder haar leiding werd in de jaren daarna een begin gemaakt van de eerste automatiseringen van de productieprocessen. Hierdoor werd een grotere productiecapaciteit gerealiseerd en daardoor kon het bedrijf eind het eind van de jaren 50 ook voor groothandels en supermarkten de peperkoek produceren. Deze veranderingen gingen samen met overnames in de jaren 60 van tientallen peperkoekbakkerijen waardoor het bedrijf een enorme groei qua productie en export doormaakte.

In 1984 werd de nog resterende molenromp afgebroken en volgde de overname van Couque Dinant in 1984 en Smets-Lido in 1988. Ondertussen werd het bedrijf verder geleid door de vijfde generatie van de familie Borms en bestond het assortiment uit van 20-tal variëteiten van smaken en verpakkingen.

2013 - heden

In 2013 vond een verandering plaats in het eigenaarschap/directie. Verschil van visie leidde tot het uitkopen van Leo Borms door zijn broer Jan.
In 2017 werd het bedrijf verrast door de aankondiging van het bezoek van Koning Filip aan het bedrijf vanwege het 150-jarig bestaan. Een jaar later kwam het bedrijf in het nieuws nadat het bekend maakte dat het voor twee miljoen aan investeringen ging doen voor de productielocatie in Lebbeke. Het betrof modernisering van de ovens, installatie van nieuwe tanks en machines en vernieuwing van de inpaklijn.

In 2021 nam het de enige overgebleven Belgische concurrent De Vreese-Van Loo over, inclusief goed bewaard gebleven recepturen. Het bedrijf telt anno 2022 circa 90 werknemers en is de grootste peperkoekbakker van België.

Bronnen en referenties
Bronnen

Referenties

Vondel
Ontbijtkoek
Bedrijf met zetel in Vlaanderen
Dendermonde


Author of The elegies of Propertius, The Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter, & the Kisses of Johannes Secundus [pseud.] Literally tr.
Walter K. Kelly is currently considered a "single author." If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author.
Walter K. Kelly is composed of 3 names. You can examine and separate out names.


text:
Q: Angular 4 http request every second I am trying to call my API every second. I don't know how to do.
For call on time is ok :
loadRequest(payload: any): Observable<RequestTask[]> {
    const headers = new Headers({'Authorization': localStorage.getItem('authorizationToken')});
    const options = new RequestOptions({headers: headers});
    const requestId = payload;
    const url = '/api/requests/'+ requestId +'/events'

    return this.http
        .get(url, options)
        .map(response => {
            const requests = response.json();
            console.log("Request API", requests)
            return requests.map(request => {
                return new RequestTask(request)
            });
        })
        .catch(this.handleError);
}

My test for call every second
loadRequest(payload: any): Observable<RequestTask[]> {
    const headers = new Headers({'Authorization': localStorage.getItem('authorizationToken')});
    const options = new RequestOptions({headers: headers});
    const requestId = payload;
    const url = '/api/requests/'+ requestId +'/events'

    return Observable.interval(500)
        .flatMap(()=> {
            return this.http
                .get(url, options)
                .map(response => {
                    const request = response.json();
                    return request.map(request => {
                        return new RequestTask(request)
                    });
                }).catch(this.handleError);
        })

}

I think my error come from Observable but I don't see how solve it

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Die DiaSorin S.p.A. ist ein italienisches Biotechnologieunternehmen mit Sitz in Saluggia. Das Kerngeschäft des Unternehmens liegt im Bereich der In-vitro-Diagnostik.

Geschichte
Die Ursprünge des Unternehmens gehen auf das Jahr 1968 zurück, als auf Initiative von Fiat und Montecatini die "Sorin Biomedica" von der "Società Ricerche Impianti Nucleari - Sorin" gegründet wurde. 1997 erwarb American Standard zusammen mit der Immunonuclear Corporation (Incstar, Inc.) Sorin Biomedica. Die beiden Unternehmen bildeten die Medical System Group of American Standard, die später zu der  Sienna Biotech, Inc. wurde.

DiaSorin wurde im Jahr 2000 durch eine Management-Buyout-Operation unter der Leitung von Carlo Rosa und Gustavo Denegri eine unabhängige italienische Gruppe.

Weblinks
 Website der DiaSorin S.p.A. (italienisch, englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Biotechnologieunternehmen
Unternehmen (Piemont)
Gegründet 2000
Saluggia
Unternehmen im FTSE MIB


text:
Search Results for "Bill Milliken Jr"
Showing 2 of 2 results for "Bill Milliken Jr"
Bill Milliken and Mario Andretti Latest to Join The Legends of the Glen
Watkins Glen International track president Michael Printup announced that William "Bill" Milliken and Mario Andretti have joined the Legends of the Glen during a press conference held earlier this afternoon. The announcement was made in front of media and fans in Lafayette Park located in Watkins Glen, NY as part of the downtown grand prix festival that runs in conjunction with the Glenora Wine Cellars U.S. Vintage Grand Prix presented by Welliver. Milliken was joined by members of his family but Andretti was unable to attend.
Related Topics: Watkins Glen International, 2011 US Vintage Grand Prix, Jeff Gordon, Legends of The Glen, Michael Printup, Bill Milliken Jr, Mario Andretti
WGI Seeks Fan Nominations for 2011 Legends of The Glen
The history of racing in Watkins Glen reached an impressive 63 years in 2011 and there are few people that know The Glen's history better than the fans. In an attempt to tap into that extensive knowledge and allow fans to have an impact on the honoring of that history, Watkins Glen International is once again looking for fan nominations for the next class of the Legends of The Glen. Nominations can be submitted starting immediately until Sunday, November 2. The 2012 Class of the Legends of The Glen will be announced over the course of the 2012 season.
Related Topics: Watkins Glen International, Legends of The Glen, Bill Milliken Jr, Mark Martin, Tony Stewart, Jeff Gordon, Hurley Haywood, Mario Andretti


Once again, you can feel like a famous Ultraman. Show off your skills in the fight against various opponents. Are you able to master several different attacks and super powers? Unfold your opponent on his shoulders. Compose a great combos and become a master of street fights!


AIX Universite CB (FRA) will play top seeds Primorye Vladivostok (RUS) in tomorrow's European Club final after coming through an exhilarating semi-final match against French rivals Chambly this evening in Tours, France.
AIX came into this evening's semi-final match with one goal and that was to avenge not only their semi-final defeat to Chambly at the European Club Championships last year but also their French league final against the same opposition just a few shorts weeks ago.
It was Chambly who got off to the better start winning the opening mixed doubles thanks to Robert Mateusiak and Imogen Banker. Ronan Labar and Petya Nedelcheva were on the receiving end of a two game loss in that opening match and the French champions looked to be on course to reach their second successive European Club final.
"The mixed was a must win for us if we were to have any chance in Beating AIX today" said Bankier.
That mixed doubles win proved to be as good as it got for Chambly as AIX unleased their potent singles combination Indra Bagus Ade Chandra and Lianne Tan. Bagus took care of Thomas Rouxel in two games before Tan followed up with a speedy two game win over Atu Rosalina, with the pace of Tan's game just too hot for the veteran Chambly player.
Even trailing 2-1 Chambly still felt they would take the match to the deciding women's doubles with Robert Mateusiak back on court alongside rising French star Bastian Kersaudy. Opposing them for AIX were long-time friends and AIX clubmen through and through Ronan Labar and Sylvain Grosjean.
The Chambly pair took the opening game and everything looked on track for the French champions but AIX bounced back to rock Mateusiak and Kersaudy winning the second game 21-17. After Chambly took the early initiative AIX found an overdrive gear and went on to dominate the set to win 21-14 and send the AIX team through to the grand finale.
"This is what club play is all about. Sylvain and I know each other for more than 10 years and we know each other's moves instinctively" said a delight Ronan Labar "For our club to be in the final is a huge honour after previous disappointments and we hope to bring a good fight to the Russian favourites tomorrow".
Primorye Vladivostok eased past rank outsiders BC Milano in the earlier semi-final winning 3-0 in what was a historic day for Italian badminton as Milano pick up the first ever medal for an Italian club team in a European event.
The final will take place at 1.30pm (CET) and will be streamed and can be watched live on Badminton Europe's YouTube channel.
To revisit all the action from the semi-finals of the European Club Championships subscribe to Badminton Europe's YouTube channel HERE.
Article by Mark Phelan, Photo by Ben Phelan (Live in Tours).


text:
Toppen Bech (born 28 March 1939) is a Norwegian journalist.

She was born in Oslo, and is the mother of Alexandra Bech Gjørv. From 1960 to 1971 she worked for the newspaper Aftenposten, and she edited the magazine Alle Kvinner from 1973 to 1978. She was assigned with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1984. She has hosted a number of shows, including Unnskyld at jeg spør and Den blå timen. In the television series Herskapelig she presented manor houses and mansions, and a total of 62 programs were produced between 1997 and 2006.

References

1939 births
Living people
Journalists from Oslo
Norwegian magazine editors
NRK people
Aftenposten people