text:
Old time favorites close as Colorado's restaurant industry booms
Our Colorado: Gentrification taking toll in Denver
By: Lance Hernandez
Editor's Note: 'Our Colorado' stories help natives and newcomers navigate the challenges related to our rapidly growing state, including real estate and development, homelessness, transportation and more. To comment on this or other 360 stories, email us at OurCO@TheDenverChannel.com . See more 'Our Colorado' stories here .
DENVER -- Some of Denver's old time favorite restaurants are about to close.
After 44 years at the corner of South Broadway and Bayaud Street, Gus Mavrocefalos is getting ready to lock the doors at Famous Pizza.
"They won't renew my lease," he said.
The owners of the building want new tenants that will pay higher rent.
Downtown, at 18th & Lawrence, the Old Spaghetti Factory is also getting ready to close up shop .
"We've been negotiating for months and weren't able to come to terms (for a new lease,)" said District Manager Jason Davis.
A Big Blow
"It's a big blow," said Carolyn Livingston, communications director for the Colorado Restaurant Association. "It's a big impact when people lose their corner store basically, their favorite place to go."
While many newcomers to Colorado might not be familiar with the Old Spaghetti Factory or Famous Pizza, longtime residents are.
"The places...where we have family birthdays and celebrations, it's just heartbreaking when that changes," Livingston said.
Booming Industry
The irony is that Colorado's restaurant industry is booming.
"The Department of Revenue says it's grown 40 percent since 2010," Livingston said. "What used to be an $8 billion industry in the state is now a $12 billion industry."
But while the restaurant industry booms, there are more challenges than ever before.
"Your labor costs, your rent costs, all the taxes and all the things that go into that make it very difficult to run a restaurant," Livingston said. "There are so many challenges, that even in a strong economy, the challenges don't go away."
She said the industry operates on razor-thin margins.
"Best pizza on Broadway"
New customer, Kate Halvorsen, said she discovered Famous Pizza shortly after moving to Colorado.
"I'm originally from New York," she said, "and they have the closest pizza to New York Pizza."
"I feel bad...because I have all these good customers," Mavrocefalos said, while pointing to an old, framed Rocky Mountain News article which touted "one of the best pizza pies in town."
Back then, the price of a spaghetti dinner at Famous Pizza ranged from $1.95 o $2.45.
Longtime employee Aleka Damarelos has been in charge of making the spaghetti, spaghetti sauce and pizza sauce for 32 years.
"I make the salad dressing. I make just about everything," she said.
"I'm very disappointed and very sad that he's closing," she added. "I'm going to miss my boss, I'm going to miss the place. I'm going to miss the trips back and forth."
Historic Trolley Car "Destined for Graveyard"
The Old Spaghetti Factory dates back to 1973 in the historic Denver City Cable Railway Building.
"This was the sixth restaurant that we opened," Davis said. "We have 44 now."
Davis said the company is looking for other locations.
When asked if they'll take the historic trolley in the main dining room of the downtown restaurant, Davis shook his head.
"Unfortunately, the trolley is probably going to go to the 'trolley graveyard,'" he said. "It makes me really sad, but when we open a new restaurant, all our new Trolleys have to be ADA compliant."
Davis, who has been with the company for 16 years, said the downtown location was the first Old Spaghetti Factory that he patronized as a customer.
He said he doesn't have a time frame on when they'll find a replacement location.
"I know we're trying to find the right location," he said. "Hopefully we can find another location like we did in Westminster."
A young customer eating lunch with his family on Wednesday chimed in, "We want one in Parker."
Colorado in Spotlight
Livingston said Colorado has been in the spotlight with Top Chef competition, the Slow Food Nation festival, Zagat's Top Denver restaurants and two of America's Top 100 restaurants for a big night out.
"There's a lot of growth in our industry," she said. "People are checking us out and are going out to eat, which is great for the industry, but that doesn't mean it's great for every single restaurant business."


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10 Most Influential Metalcore Albums of All Time
From Integrity to Attack Attack!
Bring the Horizon's Oli Sykes, 2013
photograph by Gary Wolstenholme/Redferns via Getty Images
Of all the many subgenres in the heavy-metal universe, metalcore may have the most convoluted history. Beyond modern production enhancements and slight stylistic shifts, death-metal bands today sound pretty similar to how they did in 1989. The same can be said for thrash bands, doom groups and many black-metal acts.
Those genres have certainly evolved over the decades, but they haven't gone as far astray from the source material as metalcore bands have. See, for example, the glaring differences between Earth Crisis and Ice Nine Kills — they might as well be from different galaxies, but somehow they both fall under the metalcore umbrella.
The origins of the subgenre are similarly fuzzy. Some would argue that metalcore began when Slayer started playing primitive breakdowns in the mid-Eighties, while others believe that the Cro-Mags' 1986 masterpiece, Age of Quarrel, was its genesis. Bands like Rorschach, Suicidal Tendencies and Agnostic Front are also commonly tapped as pioneering forces, and it's important to not discount any of those bands while taking a serious dive into the last 30 years of metalcore.
However, we decided to try and trace metalcore's entire, still-evolving history through a mere 10 landmark albums. The idea here isn't to name the best metalcore albums of all time or assert that these are even the most definitive ones in their respective styles. Rather, these are 10 albums that have each had the greatest quantifiable impact on the genre at large.
From metalcore's upbringing in the Nineties hardcore scene through its pop-minded explosion at the end of the 2000s, these are the 10 most influential albums in the subgenre's playbook.
Video of Those Who Fear Tomorrow
Integrity - Those Who Fear Tomorrow
It's legitimately jaw-dropping to hear how well Integrity's Those Who Fear Tomorrow holds up today. Released in June 1991, the Cleveland institution's debut LP sounds like it could've come out in 1996, 2006 or 2016 for that matter, and that's because it's influenced practically every breakdown that's been recorded since. Integrity's then-novel fusion of slowed-down hardcore riffs with both the heft and lead guitar work of metal created the template for Victory Records bands like Earth Crisis, Snapcase and eventually Hatebreed — some of the most seminal groups in the subgenre. Earth Crisis' 1995 opus, Destroy the Machines, may be the more recognizable reference point for this type of first-wave metalcore, but Integrity did that sound four years earlier on Those Who Fear Tomorrow. It all goes back to this.
Video of MERAUDER - Master Killer (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Merauder - Master Killer
Although they formed in 1990, it took Merauder six years to release their debut LP, Master Killer, and when it finally arrived, it hit like a ton of bricks. The band took the heaviness of fellow New Yorkers like Madball and beatdown originators Bulldoze to the next logical extreme, beefing up the most ignorantly brutal parts of Integrity and Earth Crisis and pushing the boundaries of what a hardcore band could sound like in the process. Merauder's influence didn't necessarily travel with metalcore once it properly split off from hardcore to become its own subgenre at the end of the Nineties, but any self-proclaimed "metallic hardcore" band of the last 25 years is indebted to Master Killer's steel-toed stomp.
Video of Empty Promises
Hatebreed - Satisfaction Is the Death of Desire
By today's standards, Hatebreed's 1997 debut, Satisfaction Is the Death of Desire, is the least capital "M" Metalcore album in their imposing discography, but it's the one that had the most impact on the genre they'd go on to define. The Connecticut unit rounded up the building blocks of the aforementioned bands and stacked them a level higher — thunderous double-kick blasts, table-flipping breakdowns and an infectious charisma from frontman Jamey Jasta that was destined to extend beyond hardcore's ceiling. As ferocious as the songs themselves are, Satisfaction also sounded absolutely enormous from a production standpoint, which was crucial for proving that hardcore bands could compete with the sonic stature of contemporary metal bands like Sepultura and Machine Head — thus furthering metalcore's development as a unique musical idiom, not just a sub-style of hardcore.
Video of Poison The Well - Slice Paper Wrists
Poison the Well - The Opposite of December ... A Season of Separation
If Integrity were the genesis of metalcore's first proper wave, than Poison the Well kicked off its second. Everything about the Florida band's 1999 debut was a complete game-changer, from its annoyingly long title, The Opposite of December ... A Season of Separation, and tender bridges, to its glaring lack of influence from traditional hardcore punk and thrash metal, which most strikingly manifested in the vocal deliveries. By trading tough-guy grunts for the ripe emotionality of Nineties screamo, Poison the Well made room for shaky cleans and speak-singing yelps, but they increased the number of chuggy breakdowns and turned down the noise to put even more the emphasis on the serrated metal guitar leads. For as unique as it was at the time, nothing about Opposite sounds groundbreaking today, which is a testament to the universal impact this album had on the decade that followed.
Video of Converge "Concubine/Fault and Fracture" (Official Music Video)
Converge - Jane Doe
After forking off from hardcore at the turn of the 21st century, metalcore itself quickly began to splinter. There was the cohort that remained under the hardcore tent pole (E.G. Buried Alive, All Out War), the more melodic sphere (E.G. Eighteen Visions, From Autumn to Ashes) and then the chaotic hardcore/mathcore/sasscore cadre, a realm that's most commonly associated with Converge. Sure, there are other bands like Botch and Zao who were also playing this type of music in the mid-Nineties, and of course Dillinger Escape Plan and Every Time I Die are also quintessential groups in this world. But Converge's Jane Doe is the nucleus, a still-unrivaled scrum of teeth-knocking intensity, jazz virtuosity and metal innovation that somehow blew the fuck up and spawned legions of imitators. Today, it remains a common entry point into the metalcore multiverse, and a reference so ubiquitous that it's practically taken as a given.
Video of Just Barely Breathing
Killswitch Engage - Alive or Just Breathing
On their 2002 breakout, Alive or Just Breathing, Killswitch Engage made metalcore of stadium-sized proportions. The band's Roadrunner Records debut fused the scorching riff style of melodic death-metal greats like At the Gates and In Flames, the triumphant choruses of Nineties Roadrunner heavyweights like Fear Factory and Machine Head, and the skull-crushing breakdowns of a VFW hardcore band. The album finalized the divorce proceedings between hardcore and metalcore by reaching beyond Poison the Well's vulnerable emo yelps and planting soaring, anthemic clean vocals into the metalcore orchard. The album's clean-chorus/screamed-verse structure has become the genre's most distinguishing feature ever since, and an entire generation of bands — Darkest Hour, Unearth, Shadows Fall and As I Lay Dying, to name just a few — followed in its footsteps.
Video of Pretty Soon I Don't Know What But Something Is Going To Happen
Norma Jean - Bless the Martyr and Kiss the Child
Norma Jean's 2002 debut, Bless the Martyr and Kiss the Child, was a landmark for numerous reasons. Culturally, its immediate popularity propelled the Christian metalcore movement forward and made Norma Jean co-figureheads of a "holy alliance" of bands that also included Underoath, As I Lay Dying and Demon Hunter. Faith-based metal and hardcore had been bubbling underground for years prior, but every Christian 'core act that was able to cross over to secular audiences owes something to Bless the Martyr. Musically, this album was also pivotal for the way it sewed together dark, chaotic instrumentation with palatable production (courtesy of Killswitch's Adam Dutkiewicz), and balanced nutty ambition (sticking a 16-minute epic five songs into the track list) with simplistic heaviness. The band would change after vocalist Josh Scogin left to form the Chariot immediately after this album, but it had an indelible influence on future stars like the Devil Wears Prada, Of Mice and Men, Bring Me the Horizon and countless others.
Video of Attack Attack! - Stick Stickly (Official Music Video)
Attack Attack - Someday Came Suddenly
Love it or hate it, there's no denying that Attack Attack!'s 2008 debut — particularly its crown jewel "Stick Stickly" — is one of the most innovative and influential albums in metalcore history. This band of goofy teenagers from the middle of Ohio saw the way post-hardcore groups like Enter Shikari and I See Stars were blending gaudy techno and electro-pop with screams and breakdowns, and they decided to inject those elements into chug-addled metalcore. Within the next few years, countless bands were adding colorful auto-tuned choruses, neon synths and chintzy dance beats into their otherwise muscular onslaught, and the genre's overall shift toward a more pop-oriented direction could largely be traced back to Someday Came Suddenly. Even more than the music itself, Joey Sturgis' glitzy production on the record was years ahead of its time, and it created a new gold standard for sonic sleekness that 'core bands abide by to this day.
Video of A Day To Remember - The Downfall of Us All (Official Video)
A Day to Remember - Homesick
Someday Came Suddenly and other albums Joey Sturgis produced (The Devil Wears Prada's With Roots... and Asking Alexandria's Stand Up and Scream, in particular) were arguably more influential on the textural and instrumental choices of metalcore in the 2010s, but from a pure songwriting standpoint, no album has had more impact than A Day to Remember's Homesick. The Ocala, Florida, band's 2009 LP was by no means the first album to merge sing-song choruses with metal parts, but this record's extreme contrast between bright and brutal took things to another level — an album that sounded like the exact midway between 100 Demons and New Found Glory. Soon, there was an entire genre (easycore) coming up in this album's wake, and so many of the metalcore bands playing Warped Tour were obviously trying to write hooks that soared like the infectious "The Downfall of Us All."
Video of Bring Me The Horizon - "Can You Feel My Heart"
Bring Me the Horizon - Sempiternal
If there's one word that best describes the last half decade of metalcore, it would be "experimental." After bands like ADTR and Attack Attack! signaled that there was rich crossover potential between contemporary pop (catchy choruses, flashy electronics and modern vocal effects) and tried-and-true metalcore, the 2010s saw an explosion of groups throwing things at the wall and seeing what stuck. However, it was Bring Me the Horizon's titanic 2013 album, Sempiternal, that showed just how far metalcore could travel without losing its core identity. The U.K. band's fourth LP infused dazzling keyboards, gargantuan chants and strikingly avant-garde production choices into their metalcore rippers, following in the footsteps of bands like Deftones and Linkin Park to make something that's as big, aggressive and emotionally pained as it is beautiful. We can already hear its mark on rising stars like Loathe and Cane Hill, and in another eight years, its lavish, orchestral swings may very well be spoken of with even deeper reverence.
Integrity Merauder Hatebreed Poison the Well Converge Norma Jean Attack Attack! A Day to Remember Bring Me The Horizon Killswitch Engage metalcore
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Slipknot Albums Ranked: From Worst to Best
A critical look back at the 'Knot's imposing catalog
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These artists shook the world by rising from the ashes
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From Anthrax to Voivod
Korn Albums Ranked: From Worst to First
From self-titled to 'Requiem'
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Linkin Park, Korn, Slipknot and beyond
15 Essential Grunge Albums
From Alice in Chains to Temple of the Dog
Mastiff: Meet "Miserable" Blackened Sludge Crew Hailing Taylor Swift, Acacia Strain
Sponsored by eOne
Broken Bones, "Apeshit" Sessions: Corrosion of Conformity Talk Pivotal 'Blind' LP
Pepper Keenan revisits 1991 album that proved C.O.C. "could go in any direction we wanted"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Marriott Breach Update: 5 Million Passport Numbers Left Unencrypted for Hackers
Marriott's massive Starwood Hotels data breach spanned 5.25 million unencrypted passport records along with 20.3 million encrypted passport credentials.
by D. Howard Kass • Jan 7, 2019
Marriott disclosed on Friday that it had left exposed 5.25 million unencrypted passport records along with 20.3 million encrypted passport credentials in a breach of its Starwood reservations database first disclosed a month ago.
The background: The breach and unauthorized access to Starwood's reservation network ran from 2014 through November, 2018. On September 8, 2018, Marriott received an alert from an internal security tool regarding an attempt to access the Starwood guest reservation database in the United States. Two months later, Marriott said up to 500 million guests could be involved in the break-in.
The hotel giant has now revised downward to 383 million customer records it believes have been affected by the cyber theft. And, it suggested that figure could drop even lower as duplicate entries are identified. "The company has concluded with a fair degree of certainty that information for fewer than 383 million unique guests was involved, although the company is not able to quantify that lower number because of the nature of the data in the database," Marriott said in a posted statement.
There is some additional information on the theft of some nine million encrypted bank cards, including more than 350,000 still active as of last September. The company said there is no evidence that the hackers were able to decode payment card numbers. It conceded that it's a bit less certain about the unencrypted bank cards stolen in the hack. Marriott said it is "undertaking additional analysis" to see if payment card data was "inadvertently entered into other fields and was therefore not encrypted." It's possible, Marriott said, that roughly 2,000 of 15- and 16-digit numbers "in other fields in the data involved" could be unencrypted payment card numbers. Right now, Marriott doesn't know nor does it have a concrete process in place to help those customers that may be affected.
Marriott's Starwood Breach: Passport Number Concerns
As for the passport numbers, Marriott waved off any suggestion that the hackers have been able to decrypt customers' credentials. "There is no evidence that the unauthorized third party accessed the master encryption key needed to decrypt the encrypted passport numbers," Marriott said. What about the unencrypted passports? The hotel chain didn't say. It has offered to pony up the fee to pay for a new passport for people whose information taken from the Starwood database has been involved in cyber fraud. That's kind of a short step to nowhere for every other customer whose data had been pilfered but not yet used by hackers.
Left unanswered still is the whether Marriott has violated breach reporting requirements under General Data Protection Rules rules. Based on Marriott's 2017 total revenue of $23 billion, the fine for failing to toe the line could cost it nearly $1 billion. Meanwhile, the New York Attorney General's office has said it will inquire further, as did Attorneys General in Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. So will the U.K.'s Information Commissioner's Office. Class action lawsuits in Oregon and Maryland have already been filed against Marriott.
Marriott's Starwood Breach: Who Done It?
So far, no suspects in the hack have been identified. In December, The New York Times reported that the attack was tied to a massive Chinese intelligence gathering effort.
The Starwood reservations database has been phased out as of the end of 2018, Marriott said.
Top 100 Managed Security Services Providers (MSSP) Company List
Top 20 Managed Detection and Response (MDR) Company List
Guest Bloggers on MSSP Alert


Oil prices declined on concerns over the global oil glut. The oil driller Baker Hughes reported on Thursday that the number of active U.S. rigs climbed by 12 rigs to 640 last week. It was the first rise since December 5, 2014.
Combined oil and gas rigs rose by 2 to 859.
News that Chinese regulators opened an investigation into suspected stock market manipulation also weighed on oil prices.
Traders expect the results of talks on the Iranian nuclear program. Talks will continue until July 07. The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said on Friday that Iran and the agency have worked out "some ways forward".
WTI crude oil for August delivery decreased to $55.69 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Brent crude oil for August fell to $60.44 a barrel on ICE Futures Europe.


Dharti sab kagad karun, hari goon likhe ne jaai.
If entire earth is used as the paper, still one can not write about God.
My entire life is filled with his grace and blessings. I believe my life would have been completely wasted with no purpose and direction if I wouldn't have found Shri Babaji Maharaj as my guru. Whatever I have today, is all due to Shri Babaji Maharaj's grace, whatever peace and happiness I experience today is all by the grace of Shri Babaji Maharaj. When Shri Babaji Maharaj's body was alive, I never spent a single day of my annual leave away from him. I never spent more than 2-3 hrs with my family or friends. As part of my service, wherever I was posted, Shri Babaji Maharaj always blessed us by visiting us – sometimes twice a year, but at least once every year. And every time he would stay for at least 1 month and give us the chance to serve him.
First time he visited us in 1968 in Ambala. He was accompanied by Shri Jawahar Singhji Meel. Shri Baijnathji, Shri Niwasji and Bhai Narayan (now Col.Narayan) also visited during this and stayed for a week or so. In the evening often Rishaldaar Sawai Singhji Hirana, Captain Bhim Singh Shekawat and others used to come to see and get Shri Babaji Maharaj's blessings. During this time Shri Babaji Maharaj also went for a pilgrimage to Kurukshetra. After staying for nearly a month, Shri Babaji Maharaj left for Rajasthan via Haridawar, where he bathed in river Ganges.
Then again, when I was at military college in Pune finishing my engineering, Shri Babaji Maharaj visited us. He was accompanied by Seth Pyarelal Sanganeriya. Shri Babaji Maharaj stayed with us for about 1 month again and went back to Rajasthan via Mumbai. During this time, Bhai Narayan, Ghasi, Ramchandraji and others visited Shri Babaji Maharaj to seek his blessings. During this time, Shri Babaji Maharaj constructed 'Om Alakh Niranjan Stuti' and other invaluable sayings which I wrote in my diary. Many of my friends from army often used to visit him and used to say 'this Babaji knows everything; he is knower of past, present and future (Trikalagya)'.
In 1973, during my annual leave from 15th to 25th February, I had the fortune of traveling with Shri Babaji Maharaj from Sikar to Gorakhpur, Sitamandi, Janakpur Dham and Kathmandu. On the way back we reached Ambala and Shri Babaji Maharaj went back to Laxmangarh via Delhi.
On 21st June 1973, Shri Babaji Maharaj visited us in Sikandrabad. That time I was doing an advance course in Sikandrabad. Bhai Maliram Bijarnia was with Shri Babaji Maharaj and they left for Tirupati on 3rd July. Then again on 9th September, when he was on his way to Kanyakumari, Shri Babaji Maharaj visited us in Sikandrabad for a week. On his return from Kanyakumari, he stayed with us for about a week and left for Jaipur on 30th September. This time he was accompanied by Bhai Gopal.
Dehradun – 1978 to 1982; every year visited for a month during the months of May and June.
Dehradun – visited during end May 1983 and after staying for 4-5 days left for Rishikesh. During that time I was posted in Varangaon, Maharashtra.
Dehradun – visited us during 14th – 27th June 1985 and when leaving he told me and my wife "children, now you only come. Wherever you have been posted, I have visited you. Whatever you have thought of, Shri Nathji Maharaj has fulfilled your desire. Now this body will not be able to come again. You only keep coming. Always be happy and keep remembering Shri Nathji Maharaj".
From 11th August 1985 onwards I was detailed on temporary duty at Infantry School, Mahu. Before traveling to Mahu I decided to spend three days in the service of Shri Babaji Maharaj at Laxmangarh. At Mahu on 19th August I received call from Bhai Lala saying that Shri Babaji Maharaj has immediately asked you to come over to Laxmangarh. That time I was in the bathroom – I immediately got dressed and without obtaining any leave, I left Mahu. As I came out of the officers'mess, I saw a car coming my way and I requested for a ride to go to Indore to catch my train. The car was also on its way to Indore and I was able to catch my train and reached Jaipur. From there, on 20th August I reached Laxmangarh ashram at 11am.


Xtradecal's brand-new 1/72 scale Halifax decal sheet is on the way from the printers and will be available soon.
The subjects covered are the Handley-Page Halifax B.II/B.II Series 1A/B.II Series 1A Special.
Thanks to Hannants for the images.


Review: 2012-04-08, pretty good fight with three knockdowns: Shinsuke Yamanaka vs Malcolm Tunacao gets three stars. The undefeated Shinsuke Yamanaka (17-0-2, 12 KOs) entered as the No.1 bantamweight in the world while Malcolm Tunacao (32-2-3, 20 KOs) entered as the No.3. Yamanaka vs Tunacao is valid for the WBC bantamweight title (Yamanaka's third defense). Watch the video!


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THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
ISSN-L : 0387-3161
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCAT ...
Volume 67 (2000) Issue 3
Historical Recinstruction of the Landerziehungsheim Movement : Focusing on the Foundation and Activities of"the Association of Free Schools in Germany"
Takanobu Watanabe
Hyogo University of Teacher Education
Keywords: Landerziehungsheim,	Reformpadagogik,	free school,	association,	movement
2000 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 322-332
DOI https://doi.org/10.11555/kyoiku1932.67.322
Published: September 30, 2000 received: - Released: December 27, 2007 accepted: - [Advance Publication] Released: - corrected: -
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The objective of this paper is:(1)to trace the process of foundation of"the Association of Free School(Landerziehungsheime and Freie Schulgemeinden)in Germany"and the activities in its early stages, giving attention to consciousness of actors in this Association;and (2)to present, through such tracing, a new interpretation of the Landerziehungssheim movement, an interpretation different from that of the Nohl School. First, I give an outline of the spread of the free schools of Landerziehungsheim until the 1920's and their interrelations. Second, I point out that each school was confronted with the common economic problem of inflation after World War I, which led to the networking of these schools through a yearly conference. Then, I describe the foundation of"the Association of Free Schools in Germany"in the third conference at the Odenwaldschule in October 1924. Third, I consider the congress in May, 1925, named"the Landerziehungsheim", which was held jointly by the Association and the Central Institute(Zentralinstitut fur Erziehung und Unterricht)in Berlin. I then clarify how the network of the free schools of Landerziehungsheim started to function and was widely introduced to the society. Finally, from the above study of the foundation and activities of the Association, I draw a conclusion about the Landerziehungsheim movement in the following two points:(1)As to the formation of the movement;according to the traditional interpretation of the Landerziehungsheim movement by the Nohl School, the"criticism of culture"("Kulturkritik")at the end of the nine-teenth century was regarded as a decisive factor for the movement, with the movement beginning with the founding of a first school of Lietz. However, assuming that self-consciousness of belonging to their own group as"Landerziehungsheim"and a social recognition as such were indispensable to the movement, the fact that those schools were increasing in number until the 1920's is insufficient, if indispensable, as conditions for the movement to come into existence. It was the foundation and activities of the Association that formed the driving force for motivating, developing and substantiating the movement. (2)As to the unification of the movement;Nohl believed that the Landerziehungsheim movement was firmly unified. However, I analyze that, by the foundation of the Association, an ambivalent feeling of togetherness was formed among the free schools. On one hand, in the process of the foundation, the members of the Association came to realize that they formed their own unique group distinguishable from public schools and other private schools. On the other hand, in the situation where they became conscious of each other and made mutual comparisons, they also became aware of differences between themselves, which caused friction. In other words, the foundation of the Association brought two kinds of self-consciousness, namely, unification against outsiders and differentiation within their group.
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Chakravartty, Paula, Grubbs, Victoria, Kuo, Rachel & McIlwain, Charlton D. (2018). #CommSoWhite. Forthcoming, Journal of Communication.
Freelon, Deen. McIlwain, Charlton D. & Clark M. (2016). Quantifying the power and consequences of social media protest. New Media & Society. 18(10): 2359–2378.
McIlwain, Charlton D. & Caliendo, S. M. (2013). Mitt Romney's Racist Appeals: How Race Was Played in the 2012 Presidential Election. American Behavioral Scientist. 58(9):1157-1168.
McIlwain, Charlton D. (2012). From Deracialization to Racial Distinction: Interpreting Obama's Successful Racial Narrative. Social Semiotics. 23(1): 119-145.
McIlwain, Charlton D. (2011). Racialized Media Coverage of Minority Candidates in the 2008 Democratic Presidential Primary. American Behavioral Scientist. 55(4): 371-389.
McIlwain, Charlton D. & Caliendo, Stephen M. (2009). Black Messages, White Messages: The Differential Use of Racial Appeals by Black & White Candidates. Journal of Black Studies. 39(5): 732-743.
McIlwain, Charlton D. (2007). Race, Pigskin, and Politics: A Semiotic Analysis of Racial Images in Political Advertising. Semiotica. 167: 169-192.
McIlwain, Charlton D. (2007). Perceptions of Leadership & the Challenge of Obama's Blackness. Journal of Black Studies, 38(1): 64-74.
McIlwain, Charlton D. (2007). Racial Identity, Ideology and the Youth Vote: Observations From the 2004 Presidential Campaign. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(9): 1231-1238.
Caliendo, Stephen M. and McIlwain, Charlton D. (2006). Minority Candidates, Media Framing, and Racial Cues in the 2004 Election. Harvard International Journal of Press Politics, 11(4): 45-69.


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Tallahassee International Women's Day
By Satya Stark-Bejnar |
Read more articles in Women's Movement
Tallahassee, FL - In honor of International Women's Day, Tallahassee residents attended a panel discussion on the origins and impacts of the socialist holiday.
Regina Joseph of the Freedom Road Socialist Organization (FRSO) and president of the Tallahassee Community Action Committee (TCAC) shared a short video on the history of the day and facilitated a panel of five leaders representing over ten active local organizations.
The panelists were all people of color, ranging in age from 20 to 55: Valentina Beron, FSU student and organizer with Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and Veg FSU; Delilah Pierre, FSU graduate, member of Gender Odyssey, TCAC's Outreach Coordinator, and Poet leading the Tallahassee Writers Collective; Marie Rattigan, FAMU graduate, Students for Bernie organizer, and Dream Defenders Coordinator; Katherine Draken, FSU graduate, UPS Teamster, and member of TCAC; and Paula Hill, local Florida Rights Restoration Coalition (FRRC) Chapter Leader, Returning Citizen, New Black Panther, and great-grandmother.
Each panelist shared their personal and organizational history of organized resistance - local, statewide, and national, and spoke on a range of questions and ideas, including how to combat racism, sexism and other bigotries within activist spaces.
"You gotta check those homophobic and transphobic comments [that you hear] in your spaces... and study! You gotta read!" Delilah Pierre asserted.
Valentina Beron spoke to the multiple challenge's women and queer and gender nonconforming survivors face when speaking up against their abusers and attackers. Not only do police and even close friends and family fail to believe survivors, "Institutions coddle abusers and people who sexually assault," and added they "don't face any repercussions, and it's very difficult for victims to see this happen. That's why I'm so proud to work with Students for a Democratic Society."
Survivors told their stories of being assaulted on campus and SDS not only took them seriously but made it their campaign for the whole year. As Beron listed the organizations co-sponsoring to organize a march in April on the topic, Dream Defenders' Marie Rattigan spoke up to add Dream Defenders to the list. That was the first of a burst of support, cooperation and solidarity to result from the International Women's Day event. Campus organizers for Bernie Sanders' campaign from FSU and FAMU enjoyed first contact with one another and pledged mutual support and cooperation; FRRC Chapter Leader Paula Hill assured everyone in the room, "If you're a woman, gay, transgender, whoever you are, however you present, if you're out with me, you've got protection!"; and all in attendance were invited to an upcoming public hearing on a locally researched and LGBTQIA+ composed Ordinance to Ban Conversion Therapy in Tallahassee.
When asked why it was important to hold an International Women's Day event, facilitator Regina Joseph answered, "It's important to have this event to acknowledge the long history of struggle and resistance led by working class and oppressed women. Events like this not only acknowledge the historical truth of this, but literally put center-stage the women and non-binary people who are currently front and center of local organizing work and political struggle."


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Q: XSLT format-number required to be done in such a way so that I can distinguish between 1.1 and 1.10 ? It was different value in old weblogic server env , with 12C upgraded env it is fetched as 1.1 same value.
<xsl:variable name="VALUE" select="TAG_NO"/>

Values of TAG_NO
<TAG_NO>1.1</TAG_NO>
<TAG_NO>1.10</TAG_NO>

how to re-write the above xsl variable so that it will pick the 1.1 as 1.1 and 1.10 and 1.10?

A: Use the following :
<xsl:variable name="VALUE" select="string(TAG_NO)"/>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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La stazione di Paganica è una stazione della linea ferroviaria Terni-Sulmona gestita da RFI.

È una delle sette stazioni del territorio comunale dell'Aquila, la seconda per importanza, e serve l'intera periferia orientale del capoluogo abruzzese. Il suo nome deriva dal fatto che, fino alla creazione della Grande Aquila nel 1927, l'attuale frazione di Paganica era comune autonomo; la stazione è, tuttavia, posta a circa 3 km dal centro di Paganica, sulla strada statale 17 dell'Appennino Abruzzese e Appulo Sannitica, tra le frazioni di Bazzano e Onna e in prossimità di un importante zona artigianale e industriale.

Storia
Inaugurata il 10 maggio 1875, la stazione costituiva uno scalo importante per il trasporto di prodotti agricoli, tanto che ancora oggi è presente nei pressi del fabbricato viaggiatori, il vecchio edificio dello scalo merci.

La stazione è impresenziata dal 1993, anno di attivazione del CTC sulla linea.

Dal 2008 tutti i treni diretti a Terni sono stati attestati alla stazione dell'Aquila. Nel 2009, inoltre, la struttura ha fatto registrare gravi danni in seguito al sisma del 6 aprile. Nel 2018 i locali del fabbricato viaggiatori sono stati concessi da RFI ad un'associazione che intende realizzarvi un centro diurno per anziani.

Strutture e impianti

Movimento

La stazione è servita da alcuni treni regionali gestiti da Trenitalia per conto della regione Abruzzo, diretti a L'Aquila e Sulmona.

Servizi

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni

Paganica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The North Vancouver Chamber is holding true to the data revolution with the launch of their new Data Centre.
Whether you're a business or just a curious individual looking for more data on the North Vancouver region, the Data Centre will help you find information on a wide range of subjects including land use, transportation, and the local workforce.
The idea originally started as a reflection of Economic Partnership North Vancouver's core purpose, supporting businesses attraction, growth, and retention in North Vancouver.
The Data Centre is intended to help people make better business decisions by discovering local insights and information. The tools are designed to provide an easy-to-navigate, single-access point for information specific to the North Vancouver region.
Discover the benefits and the advantages the Data Centre provides you and your business.
All the information you find on the Data Centre is specific to the region of North Vancouver.
The Centre is brought in an interactive format in order to help you find the specific details you need for your business.
The information is easy-to-access; it's located on both North Vancouver Chamber's homepage and EPNV's website. After clicking "Data Centre", the prompts are clearly laid out.
The Centre gives you a clear snapshot of businesses in North Vancouver and is very intuitive; you click and then you search.
The Data Centre is the only place on the Internet where you can find consolidated information on the entire North Vancouver region.
The data is combined from both the City and the District of North Vancouver, including the Tsleil-Waututh and Squamish Nations – all the peoples and all the governing bodies in the North Vancouver region.
In addition to being an all-encompassing program, the information is always relevant as it's updated periodically.
With many advantages and information right at your fingertips, the Data Centre helps you gain local insights and inherently make better business decisions.
Visit the North Vancouver Data Centre.


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Simulium krombeini är en tvåvingeart som beskrevs av Davies och Gyorkos 1987. Simulium krombeini ingår i släktet Simulium och familjen knott.

Artens utbredningsområde är Sri Lanka. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Knott
krombeini


816K Population of Arab US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
2.8M Population of Chinese US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
1.5M Population of Filipino US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
27.9M Population of Hispanic US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
290K Population of Iranian US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
318K Population of Japanese US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
900k Population of Korean US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
605K Population of Polish US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).
1.2M Population of Vietnamese US resident who speak a language different than English at home, speak English less than very well, and are over 18 years old (Census.gov).


Garrett Quinn is joined by Rob Eno from the Red Mass Group and David Kravitz from the Blue Mass Group. Today we are discussing the MA state senate race between Scott Brown and Elizabeth Warren. Polls are still showing the race to be very close and the money keeps rolling in on both sides. Garrett hosts this great hour of talk as Rob and David respectively defend their party's candidate.


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Q: writing to a single CSV file from multiple dictionaries Background
I have multiple dictionaries of different lengths. I need to write the values of dictionaries to a single CSV file. I figured I can loop through each dictionary one by one and write the data to CSV. I ran in to a small formatting issue.
Problem/Solution
I realized after I loop through the first dictionary the data of the second writing gets written the row where the first dictionary ended as displayed in the first image I would ideally want my data to print as show in the second image

My Code
import csv

    e = {'Jay':10,'Ray':40}
    c = {'Google':5000}

    def writeData():
        with open('employee_file20.csv', mode='w') as csv_file:
            fieldnames = ['emp_name','age','company_name','size']
            writer = csv.DictWriter(csv_file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
            writer.writeheader()

            for name in e:
                 writer.writerow({'emp_name':name,'age':e.get(name)})

            for company in c:
                writer.writerow({'company_name':company,'size':c.get(company)})

    writeData()

PS: I would have more than 2 dictionaries so I am looking for a generic way where I can print data from row under the header for all the dictionaries. I am open to all solutions and suggestions.

A: If all dictionaries are of equal size, you could use zip to iterate over them in parallel. If they aren't of equal size, and you want the iteration to pad to the longest dict, you could use itertools.zip_longest
For example:
import csv
from itertools import zip_longest

e = {'Jay':10,'Ray':40}
c = {'Google':5000}

def writeData():
    with open('employee_file20.csv', mode='w') as csv_file:
        fieldnames = ['emp_name','age','company_name','size']
        writer = csv.writer(csv_file)
        writer.writerow(fieldnames)

        for employee, company in zip_longest(e.items(), c.items()):
            row = list(employee)
            row += list(company) if company is not None else ['', '']  # Write empty fields if no company

            writer.writerow(row)

writeData()

If the dicts are of equal size, it's simpler:
import csv

e = {'Jay':10,'Ray':40}
c = {'Google':5000, 'Yahoo': 3000}

def writeData():
    with open('employee_file20.csv', mode='w') as csv_file:
        fieldnames = ['emp_name', 'age', 'company_name', 'size']
        writer = csv.writer(csv_file)
        writer.writerow(fieldnames)

        for employee, company in zip(e.items(), c.items()):
            writer.writerow(employee + company)

writeData()

A little side note: If you use Python3, dictionaries are ordered. This isn't the case in Python2. So if you use Python2, you should use collections.OrderedDict instead of the standard dictionary.

A: There might be a more pythonic solution, but I'd do something like this:
I haven't used your .csv writer thing before, so I just made my own comma separated output.
e = {'Jay':10,'Ray':40}
c = {'Google':5000}
dict_list = [e,c] # add more dicts here.
max_dict_size = max(len(d) for d in dict_list)
output = ""
# Add header information here.
for i in range(max_dict_size):
  for j in range(len(dict_list)):
    key, value = dict_list[j].popitem() if len(dict_list[j]) else ("","")
    output += f"{key},{value},"
  output += "\n"
# Now output should contain the full text of the .csv file
# Do file manipulation here.
# You could also do it after each row,
# Where I currently have the output += "\n"

Edit: A little more thinking and I found something that might polish this a bit. You could first map the dictionary into a list of keys using the .key() function on each dictionary and appending those to an empty list.
The advantage with that is that you'd be able to go "forward" instead of popping the dictionary items off the back. It also wouldn't destroy the dictionary.


Professor William Vandry has worked with women, and has taught private women's classes since 2002. Many women feel intimidated when training with men, so their Martial arts introduction is more receptive when classes with each other are available. Vandry Brazilian Jiu-jitsu academy has worked with women in a friendly, respectful manner to develop better Jiu-jitsu and kickboxing skills. Vandry teaches Women's self defense clinics throughout the year to expose women to hand to hand Jiu-jitsu techniques.
These clinics introduce women into formal training, and to develop a foundation of BJJ. Vandry BJJ plans to have a women's only class. Please email for more details.


Please select an option I would like to comment on Mariana Silva's work I am interested in purchasing Mariana Silva's artwork I would like to hire Mariana Silva for a project or position.
Mariana Silva is a graphic design student at Maine College of Art in Portland, Maine. She was born in Mexico but raised in Texas. As a designer, she incorporates her love for printmaking and the hand crafted into her work, while also experimenting with typography and color.
Outside of art, Mariana likes to go on outdoor adventures but she also has incredible endurance when it comes to binge watching TV shows from the comfort of her covers.


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10 Trendy Words You Throw Around But Probably Don't Understand
Molly Pennington, PhD
Who's not a woke, dystopian dotard these days? Not sure what that means? You're far from alone. Here's a round-up of trending terms to make sure you really understand what you're hearing and saying.
Tatiana Ayazo /Rd.com, shutterstock
There is plenty of dystopian fiction in these 10 young adult novels grown-ups secretly love. In real life, however, the term "dystopia" has been thrown around a lot lately as a descriptor for everything from fashion to post-hurricane images on the news. A dystopia is an "imaginary place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives," according to Merriam-Webster. So, technically, you're not really dystopian when you rock your trendy bomber jacket and combat boots. Because you're not in an "imaginary place." If you say it as a description for something scary and real, it makes sense: "When flood waters gushed through the living room, it felt like a dystopia." Make sure you start using these 10 almost-extinct words before it's too late.
Everyone was obsessed with the solar eclipse in August 2017, so obscure scientific terms got trendy! One of the most trendy terms was "syzygy." That word basically means "yoked together" in ancient Greek. Astronomers use it to describe the situation when three celestial bodies get in formation in a straight line. It also has something to do with gravitation pull. Syzygy is as complicated as it sounds. Use it this way: "The solar eclipse created a rare syzygy when the sun, moon and earth were in perfect alignment." Here are the 70 words and phrases you've probably been using all wrong.
You've probably heard someone use "literally" to exaggerate a point. This usage is gaining popularity with the younger generations. As in, "I'm so tired. I literally haven't slept in five days." But actually, that's the wrong way to use this word because literally implies an actual truth. It can't be used hyperbolically or in a figurative or descriptive sense. You could say, "I'm so tired because I literally got five hours of sleep last night." Just don't use it to exaggerate a point that's not precisely true, as in: "I'm so embarrassed I could literally die." Speaking of being mortified, these are the words your teen never wants to hear you say.
Woke
This slang term transforms the past tense of a common verb, "to wake," into a description for someone who's "aware of and actively attentive to important facts and issues," especially those concerning racial and social justice. If someone describes you as woke, you can take that as a compliment. However, it's not for you to decide. Don't be like this: "I added an extra quarter to my barista's tip jar and thought about how woke I've been lately." To earn wokeness, you need to be genuinely devoted to understanding social justice and actively taking a stand.
Sometimes you say you're about to go ballistic. What you really mean is you're angry, but the other sense of word is linked to a type of missile. The term started trending because of increasing reports of North Korean missile launches. The word describes the act of "hurling" but doesn't relate to the word "ball" like you might think. It comes from the Latin ballista, "a military siege engine which would hurl missiles a considerable distance." Here it is in a sentence: "Ballistic missiles are powerful and dangerous." Try to solve these word puzzles that will leave you stumped.
The term transgender has been gaining popularity. It reached a peak with Bruce Jenner's transition to Caitlyn. But many people still don't know exactly what the term actually means. Transgender doesn't mean someone who's taken hormones and had surgery to adopt a different gender. It means that a person has a gender identity that differs from the one they were identified with at birth. It's a basic descriptor that shouldn't have negative connotations. In a sentence, "Transgender people deserve equal rights and protections from discrimination."
Dotard
This old-timey word started trending after Kim Jong-un used it to describe Donald Trump. Kim was being totally ageist. Dotard basically means someone who is in their "dotage," meaning "in a state of senile decay." Here it is in a sentence that reflects its correct definition: "To people in their thirties, anyone over 70 might seem like a dotard." Trump's only 71, Jong-un! Age is state of mind. Don't be caught saying these other words that make you sound old.
Ever since Alanis Morrissette's 1990s hit, "Ironic," people have been misusing this word. Morrissette's lyrics describe the word as "the good advice that you just didn't take" and "a black fly in your Chardonnay." Not exactly, Alanis! Let's break this down because the term is always on trend. When something is ironic, it isn't funny or coincidental or sarcastic or weird or unusual. Irony refers to something that is the opposite of expectations. A perfect example is the fact that the Titanic sank, because it had been touted as an unsinkable ship. If you want to be ironic, say the exact opposite of what you really mean—like Morrissette's non-ironic irony song. Take a look at these 33 middle school vocabulary words adults still get wrong.
In our politically sensitive culture, the word "racist" sometimes gets used when it shouldn't. For example, if you forget your child's friend's name and describe her as the African American one on the right in the class picture, it's not racist that you pointed out her skin color. (It would be racist if you said something negative about her based on her skin color.) Racist is an adjective or noun that defines an individual, practice, or system that uses discrimination or hatred based on race. There may even be an explanation for how and why we learn prejudice. Racist individuals believe—sometimes unconsciously—that certain races of people are superior to others, and those perceptions are very often people based on stereotypes of say, the best athletes or the worst criminals, the strongest at math or the worst drivers.
Travesty
What do you really mean when you say, "That's a travesty?" Most people call something a travesty when what they really mean is tragedy. A travesty is a "debased, distorted, or grossly inferior imitation." That's why the phrase "a travesty of justice" is so common when a legal outcome doesn't align with known and accepted laws. There's an imitation of justice that's totally inferior. It you say, "The game's outcome was a travesty!" that doesn't make sense if it's a regular loss that follows the conventional rules. A travesty requires a major distortion or debasement. Now that you're up to speed on today's trendiest words and their definitions, check out these other English words that used to mean totally different things.


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Home » Detailed Reviews • Doki Doki Literature Club! • Game Reviews • Gaming • Horror games • Indie • Itch.io • PC Gaming • Retro Throwback • Reviews • Steam • Visual Novels » Doki Doki Literature Club! (PC): Discomforting to a Fault (Detailed Review)
Doki Doki Literature Club! (PC): Discomforting to a Fault (Detailed Review)
January 21, 2018 Annie Gallagher	Detailed Reviews, Doki Doki Literature Club!, Game Reviews, Gaming, Horror games, Indie, Itch.io, PC Gaming, Retro Throwback, Reviews, Steam, Visual Novels
Content Warning: This piece will contain in depth thoughts and analysis on Doki Doki Literature Club! Do not let the title of this game fool you, this is one of the most horrific, discomforting, and disturbing games ever made. Content will include depictions of and references to suicide, violence, gore, depression, domestic abuse, death, and kidnapping. Reader discretion is STRONGLY advised!
Also there are major spoilers throughout the rest of this piece, as I feel the need to refer to them directly.
Famous last words.
Well, I'm not quite sure how to feel about this one folks. Doki Doki Literature Club! certainly is… something. Going into this game, I knew that there was going to be something fucked up. I saw its Steam page presenting it as if it is a cutesy dating sim along with a warning that it is not for children or those easily disturbed. It also said one shouldn't play this if they suffer from depression or anxiety. I have had a history with both of those conditions but I decided to ignore that part because I have a strong mind. I've played through Starless: Nymphomaniac's Paradise and Euphoria, certainly this couldn't be any more disturbing than either of those two.
I… can't say for certain whether or not I was right in that assessment. I will say that Doki Doki Literature Club! has done so in a slightly different way. Doki Doki Literature Club! is undoubtedly a much better game than Starless was, but I am not sure if I can say I liked the game overall. Doki Doki Literature Club! is a game with a very unique premise but little to stand on its own two feet aside from said premise and pure shock value. There were some positive elements, but I legitimately feel unwell when I play this game.
Ultimately, I do feel that Doki Doki Literature Club! is a unique experience and that there is little like it out there. Yes one can point out games that use similar plot devices or techniques, but not quite in the same way. As such, if there is any remaining interest in the game and you have a strong enough stomach and mind, you should probably just go play the thing instead of reading further. I would normally make a greater effort to avoid spoilers like I did with Euphoria, but this game is already free to play, well, that is unless you count YOUR SOUL as a price. Anyway, it can be downloaded here, or you can get it on Itch.Io or Steam if you so desire. I think there is a happy ending mod for the game that is only applicable to the version on their website but I dunno. If you DO think it's too much for you based on the content warning, but can handle it being described, then this piece should be satisfactory at providing an overview of the game.
Doki Doki Literature Club, at first, is supposed to be the most standard and plain harem visual novel out there. Like a lot of things in this game, it is successful to a fault. Our main character is the typical faceless harem protagonist that gets a harem of girls fighting over him. The game's own creator even admitted that the MC "wasn't much of a real character." Despite being intended as a player self insert, the story will still only allow the MC to be a boy. The game even has a scene later on where the possibility of the player being a girl is addressed directly so there is no reason that the MC couldn't have been a lesbian. For fucks sake, even Huniepop got this part right and that is not a very high brow game in the slightest. Anyway, this made things notably awkward when I named my character "Annie" only to see this line of text when the MC is introduced.
*sigh* even in video games I can't escape being misgendered.
The other characters aren't much different. Sayori is the Klutzy childhood friend and genki girl, Natsuki is the tsundere and loli, and yuri is the silent but cultured girl with big boobs. There's also Monika but she is so bland I don't even know what her intended personality is for this part of the game. It seriously feels like she is just "there." The plot is also about them forming the literature club at their school and planning for the festival in order to attract new members. I am pretty sure this was a part of the plot of Kindred Spirits on the Roof, but there are probably hundreds of visual novels with this setup. Of course, this is mainly a set up for a romance with one of the three girls.
You have all the usual Ren'py fair like cutesy and upbeat music, light hearted jokes about boobs and petty fights, and all the tender and sweet moments. You have some choices that effect the plot and some that don't at all. The only unique mechanic is a poetry mini game where you select 20 words, each of which are chosen among others. The only purpose this serves is which character's scene you get the next day, and the game shows you which words appeal to which character by having their chibi sprite hop up. Although I will give credit in that the poems shared by the characters themselves are pretty good.
I felt that this was a missed opportunity with the game, as it would have been much more interesting if the words played into the MC's actual character rather than just getting into the girl's panties. Why not have the game give the MC different dialogue or backstory based on the words chosen? Why not reveal that the MC is a closet trans girl if they pick both depressing stuff like "death" and "suicide" but also pick girly words like "pink" and "skirt." Hell some words like "disown" were included that certainly lead on to a conclusion like that, but nope, that requires the first few hours of this game remotely interesting.
Normally when I say something like that, it's intended to be sarcastic. This time though, that pretty much sums up the intent. The game puts all its eggs in one basket and risks everything on the surprise twist about 3 or maybe even 4 hours in. Doki Doki Literature Club's intro is NOT bad due to a lack of writing ability; it's bad because it was intended to be bad. Most visual novels have the excuse of being made in Japan where people are taught to assume you need to wait or have some patience until works get interesting. The whole "cute series turn uber grimdark" HAS been done in visual novels before.
This was practically the entire point of Higurashi No Nako Koro Ni. I have actually read the first episode and I had mixed feelings because it took so long to get interesting, and how it supposedly starts out boring again at the beginning of the second chapter. Clannad was another one I started on but it took too long to get to the dark bits so I ended up refunding it at the time, but I do hear it gets ultra depressing (and btw, it is possible that I could finish those two since I can get review codes from MangaGamer and Sekai Project so let me know if you'd like to see them covered). To be fair, Doki Doki Literature Club DOES get to the point quicker than those two, but it only causes problems of its own.
The first act and the rest of the game are effectively separate games. The first act, while uneventful and kinda boring, DOES have its moments and the characters are fairly likable and endearing. When you get towards the end of the first act where Sayori tells you she has had severe depression her entire life and her Genki Girl persona was just an attempt to cover it up, you realize that the game is going to take a darker turn. At that point, I figured that this game would be taking the route that Higurashi or Madoka Magica took where the fucked up shit that happened IS part of the story and your earlier interactions with them cause a much greater sense of empathy. Following this is the shocking scene where the MC goes to wake up Sayori on the day of the festival, only to come across this lovely image.
Not so Doki Doki anymore…
This scene was amazing at capturing the feeling of shock and horror of walking in on your best friend's corpse hanging from a noose. It is a tragic occurrence that happens sadly often. I say this as someone who has spent many hours talking people online out of suicide, and has frequently fended off suicidal urges herself. Dan Salvato has stated that Sayori's character was based off of his friend's, and this scene is disturbingly accurate in its presentation. Euphoria was the first game I have played where a death scene made me feel like I actually saw someone die in real life, and Doki Doki Literature Club is now the second.
And I will say, as shocking as this scene was, I kinda saw it coming the moment Sayori started acting depressed. The key issue with these type of "surprise horror" titles is that the moment that anyone figures out about them, the rest of the internet will as well. This was one of my key complaints when I reviewed Pony Island, a game pretending to be about ponies but was actually a game made by the devil to collect human souls. I liked the concept but unfortunately, it was about as scary as Luigi's Mansion was, maybe even less so. On the other hand, games like Eversion and Doki Doki Literature Club! know how to stand on their own two feet even when you already know they are going to be fucked up.
Everything about this brutal scene makes my heart run cold. If anything, the fact that you know it's coming but the MC doesn't just makes it worse. The way how she ends up dead even if you do confess to her, the way it is foreshadowed with her final poem, the creepy AF way Monika says you "left her hanging," the fact that the MC has to force his way into her house and kick down her door, and that the game does not even wait until you click the last text box to show you the above image. The way it flashes red and then zooms in with the background glitching out, and that horrifying music playing over it. All of this while the MC delivers his depressing soliloquy in sheer disbelief, horror, and grief. How it's his fault, how he lost his best friend, how he will carry this guilt for the rest of his life and life is meaningless without her, and he cannot take it back like it is some game where he can just reset. Oh but it IS a game, and you CAN reset… oh wait no you can't, your save files just got deleted!
This is without a doubt the most disturbing and most horrific depiction of suicide I have ever seen in a game, even more so than in Actual Sunlight, and the reason it is so successful is precisely because of the contrast set forth by the rest of the game up to that point. Doki Doki Literature Club! does deserve a lot of credit for this scene alone. Unfortunately, it's all downhill from here. It was after restarting I was taken back to the title screen that you see the "new game" option is glitched out. When you select it, you see that Sayori is completely erased from the plot and there are a bunch of graphical "glitches." I say the word "glitches" in quotes because a glitch refers to a game not working the way it was intended.
Actual in game screenshot.
I was immediately reminded of my experience with Corpse Party: Blood Covered due to the feeling of disconnect as if Sayori was completely erased from the game. On top of that there are a bunch of weird interface screws like the text randomly scrolling by really quickly and turning into this weird jarring black font, the screen randomly zooming in, the music getting distorted and off, the girls acting extremely out of character and creepy, and Monika standing in front of the text box. While a few of these tend to be only slightly more creepy than typical jumpscares, the way it builds up how "wrong" everything feels does set up an extreme feeling of unease and discomfort.
After you know what kind of fucked up shit this game is capable of, you can no longer look at it the same way, and thus even the parts of the game that are unchanged make you feel unnerved and on edge. On top of that, both Natsuki and Yuri start acting a fuckton more creepy than in the first playthrough. Natsuki's dad is implied to be overly strict and overbearing on the first playthrough but is confirmed to be outright physically abusive on the second. Yuri had some slightly creepy characteristics on the first playthrough such as liking horror stories and knives while also being the type of nervous and insecure shrinking violet type that is worried people will hate her… kinda like myself actually. In the second playthrough, she has gone full yandere, frequently cuts herself for sexual pleasure, and gives you a poem made of illegible gibberish marked with red and yellow stains that she says she "marked with her scent" while also admitting that she masturbated using the pen the MC dropped, stuff that I definitely have never done to anyone and has definitely not resulted in multiple restraining orders.
Following this, she confesses to you with a creepy AF demeanor while also saying she "no longer cares if Monika notices." She then asks whether you love her back. Regardless of what you answer, she stabs herself and then you spend 3 in game days staring at her disturbing corpse will scrolling through dozens of glitched up text boxes. You cannot load a previous save file and if you exit out of the game, you get put right back in front of her. In a nice attention to detail, the blood actually turns blacker and gooier over time. You even have a single frame of Natsuki puking as she walks in, and leaving without saying anything.
Needless to say, this was a fucked up scene. Unlike Sayori's suicide however, this one falls apart under closer scrutiny and does not have much other than shock value. While Sayori committing suicide because you confessed to her was stretching things a bit, it at least felt realistic enough that I could suspend my disbelief due to earlier dialogue of her's. Yuri's suicide however, was incredibly forced; as was her instant flanderization. It really does not make sense with how someone who is noticeably insecure and shy would have the bravery to send a letter stained with blood and piss, and she HAS to be smart enough to know how anyone would react. Furthermore, the explanation given was that Yuri got "too excited" and her heart couldn't take it.
While that may be a valid explanation if she were to have died from a heart attack, that just wasn't good enough because we got to have that shock value. But for her stabbing herself, it's just downright farfetched. Even with the explanation that she now gets sexually aroused by cutting herself, that still would not be a likely explanation because there is a difference between "cutting" and STABBING YOURSELF IN THE GUT WITH A FUCKING BUTCHER KNIFE!!!
To be fair, there IS an explanation for all of this, but it's a stupid one; a VERY stupid one. The oncoming twist was that Monika was behind everything. Monika is either an actual person trapped in the game or a self aware A.I. that fucked with the game's code and altered the other girl's "character files" so that they would drive the MC away from them and towards her. She purposefully increased the severity of each of the mental conditions that the girls originally had, which lead to both Sayori and Yuri killing themselves. Yes, that's right, Sayori didn't actually have severe suicidal depression that lead to her taking her own life, it's all Monika's fault and there was nothing you could have done.
This twist essentially makes Sayori's suicide meaningless. The entire reason that her scene was so effective was because it made the player feel like they could have prevented it, and the emotional impact it had on the MC. Yes, this isn't a game where one can just reset and bring her back… except that's totally what happens in the ending (more on that later). What kind of message do you think this sends to those who actually had a friend or loved one kill themselves? Even worse, what kind of message does it send to someone who has a friend suffering from severe depression that HASN'T killed themselves… yet?
A bit much for just a date don't you think?
Additionally, it chickens out on using the scenes from the second act to establish any sort of character development. The fact that everything that happened in the game just because Monika fucked with the code of the game removes the possibilities of there being any other explanation behind them. No, there isn't actually any truth to Yuri having a cutting fetish or Natsuki getting beaten by her father, that shit was just made up by Monika. After all, it's not like anyone with a severe mental condition could ever be a serious romantic partner. Fuck trying to get the player to connect with someone who may have some skeletons in their closet or trying humanize mental illness, we just gotta have that edgy shock value!
The thing is, Dan Salvato said he based Sayori off a friend of his, and he clearly did not intend any offense to those with mental disabilities. Unfortunately, that's what makes it all the more depressing that he fucked up on the writing this badly. He wants us to sympathize with these characters but also wants us to look upon with horror and fear. Doki Doki Literature Club! has literally become a parody of itself! It is basically a haunted game creepypasta based on a game that doesn't exist. In that respect, it handles itself remarkably well and is perhaps the most uncomfortable I have ever felt playing a non hentai title, or at least it did up until the twist ending.
It seems as though every single one of these deceptively creepy games just HAS to fuck things up in the final act because they cannot properly capitalize on the tension they have held. Eversion's final stage had a disappointing lack of scares, and Doki Doki Literature Club's ending is absolutely nightmare retardant. Any criticism can now be explained away with "the base game is supposed to be bland and there isn't supposed to be any focus on anything else." How can you expect us to connect with your characters when you outright admit they are nothing more than plot devices?
On top of that, Monika being able to alter the game's code just opens up a shit ton more plot holes than were previously present. Her entire motivation occurred because she had no route and thus was ignored by the player character. So she could go through the effort of creating new scenes, graphics, sound, and endings that were NOT in the game's code (canonically at least), yet she can't just create a route for herself? This whole meta commentary shit may have actually worked if she just did that as a secret route, similarly to Undertale's genocide route.
It is fairly common for games serving as meta commentary to not make sense when someone has an actual understanding of game design. The Beginner's Guide (a game that I really need to just write my review of already) for instance, has Coda's earlier games developed using techniques that an amateur developer would not be able to know or that did not exist before when they were canonically created. One can generally suspend their disbelief enough in regard to these inconsistencies because most players don't understand game design well enough to notice. Unfortunately, Doki Doki Literature Club's explanation is so out there that even I can tell that's not how visual novels work, and I never even touched Ren'py outside of playing games made with it. You're not fooling anyone, we know there are no such thing as "character files" in visual novels. We know that there is a preset script that plays out and that characters don't have A.I.
Hell, we also know that Monika herself is not based on an A.I. script. The only way that Monika could be passed off as an actual sentient computer program was if she actually was one. Being able to read the name of your computer does not make you a sentient program, and it isn't scary to hear "you actually go by the name 'The Gallaghers' don't you? And before anyone says something, that's not the name assigned to the computer I'm using. Yes, this type of stuff can catch you by surprise if you don't expect it, but it's been done to death before. We've already experienced this with Psycho Mantis in the original Metal Gear Solid, and that game was released 20 years ago! You need to actually have some level of depth or subtlety when you break the fourth wall, it can't just be "I found out what your name is, super spooooooky!!!!" Such a thing is not much scarier than jump scares, and it was also why Pony Island was such a one trick pony (a line that I really wish I used in my review now that I thought of it).
Furthermore, Monika's character was oddly sympathetic, not unlike the rest of the cast. Ignoring the fact that Yuri already filled out the designated "yandere" spot on the anime archetype checklist, the game cannot decide if it wants to present Monika as creepy or as endearing. Yes, Dan Salvato was likely going for both but the portrayal was far too over the top and lacked the subtlety to pull it off. Monika was presented as a fucked up psychopath during the entire second act and even in some parts of the first act, but suddenly she's nice as she starts talking to you about various subjects when you two are the only two left in the universe. As impressive as it is that she has enough dialogue that the player can wait for almost two hours until it starts looping, the fact that many of these included her reminiscing on old memories with Yuri, Sayori, and Natsuki lead me to believe may have an epiphany and may have some realistic character development, something that was completely missing after the first act.
I'm okay with this.
But nope, the solution is to instead delete her from the game's character files, which she flat out tells you how to do. She DOES actually get her epiphany, but only because you know killed her and not out of any serious growth. This is the equivalent of that South Park episode where the parents realized they were wrong to hire actors to pretend to be future versions of the kids to scare them out of smoking pot because Cartman smeared poop all over the walls of their house; only it's played straight! They just had to sacrifice serious character development for "oh, we made you access the game's files now tell us how clever we are" and it undermines everything that this game was going for. After Monika is deleted, you now get Sayori, Yuri, and Natsuki back because you totally can't reset and bring them back, but this time, Sayori ends up going psycho because being the club president makes you self aware and know everything that has happened apparently.
Afterwards, Monika stuck around long enough to delete the game in its entirety so that no one else suffers anymore… unless you just delete the "firstrun" file and start from scratch. Of course, you can get the good ending if you saw every special character illustration in the first act before Sayori kills herself. Considering that this means you need to know that the game saves these images and that you don't need to use the same save file to find all them, and need to play through each characters partial route and stop just before Sayori kills herself and your previous save data is wiped, you are likely only going to get this ending if you either used a guide on your first playthrough (which would likely spoil a bunch of shit), or you will be reading through the game again to get them. This would not be a problem if it weren't for the fact that erasing the "firstrun" data means you can't skip over text you already read. Thankfully, the option to skip over all text is provided, but that just means you risk skipping over something you never saw before.
Nonetheless, you do get a good ending where Sayori still becomes self aware but doesn't become evil, and she instead thanks you, the player, for going through as much effort as you did to fix things. That ending was admittedly pretty heartwarming, and it felt nice for the game to actually acknowledge that some players might have actually gotten attached to these characters instead of focusing on creepypasta like shock scares. Of course, the game fails to acknowledge that Sayori still has depression or anything else that came up in the first act, but you take what you can get I suppose. After either ending, you then hear Monika speaking to you in a human voice and she sings the ending credits theme. Unfortunately, you still can't continue the game even if you got the best ending, which makes no sense because that should mean the player should now be able to access the base game as it (canonically) was intended.
I think I heard that there was a fan mod that DID serve as just that; expanding upon the base game's story and characters while making it into a finished visual novel that is unlocked after the good ending, but I also heard it only works with the version downloaded off the game's website rather than the Steam version, so I'm not in the mood to put myself through all that again right away. Also it's not finished until later this month apparently so i guess I'll wait and see if I decide to cover it.
As for Doki Doki Literature Club! as it is… I'm really not sure how to feel about it. Story wise, the game is the equivalent of a square peg jammed through a round hole repeatedly until the framing around it breaks and removing it will cause the whole play set to break apart. The dating sim parts and the psychological horror parts both have their own individual flaws and their strengths. However, instead of them complementing each other and playing to each other's strength, these two put together amplify each other's flaws eighty six septillion fold.
All of you… you are all best girl.
It is a good thing that this game is free to play because aside from being false advertising, it's just not all that good. It made for an interesting experiment for sure and it did succeed in making me uncomfortable, but it did for all the wrong reasons. Dan Salvato said that he wanted Doki Doki Literature Club! to be a tribute to the visual novel genre, but it instead comes across as a mockery. He clearly knew how to write an effective visual novel storyline, but just making a good visual novel wasn't good enough. He instead needed to be edgy and subversive while trying to deconstruct said visual novels in the most shallow of ways. He has what is actually a fairly well developed cast of characters and then proceeds to admit that he was just trying to go with the most generic visual novel possible just so he can turn his own characters into grotesque caricatures of themselves.
Despite all this, I did feel a legitimate sense of attachment to these characters and their world. I find myself frequently flip flopping back and forth between "I like this game" and "this game is not good." In the end, I can't really decide, but i don't have to do that anymore since I don't bother with review scores. I would say that I can recommend it if you are looking for something unique and not quite like anything else you may have played. In that case, maybe I did like this game. Maybe Doki Doki Literature Club! is oki doki after all.
Dan Salvato, Guardian Acorn, visual novel reviews
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26 thoughts on "Doki Doki Literature Club! (PC): Discomforting to a Fault (Detailed Review)"
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yuri85 says:
Good review but I have issue with the above line. How is the above sentence valid when the protagonist is supposed to be Male? I can't expect to play an Otome and find myself to be gendered properly.
It was a joke referring to how the game asks you to input your name without telling you what gender the main character is, thus resulting in a situation where the name being input is not consistent with the gender applied.
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text:
Social media is making us numb
Sequoia Salazar
These students sit in the hallway on their phones, texting instead of interacting with one another.
Danika Shane, Reporter
High school students are all prone to be on their phones 24/7, whether scrolling through Facebook or taking selfies with Snapchat. The statistics from the data collected on Social Media Use by Aaron Smith and Monica Anderson says, between the ages of 18-29, 88 percent are on their phones the majority of the time. With all the scrolling, what are they seeing?
From a less tech-savvy person, Percy Stovall, a senior citizen stated, "When I was a kid, of course, media was nonexistent but we still had the radio. We heard of the news and the violence, but I feel as though having all of that in your hands with your phones, you have such an accessible way to see any of the news you wish. When I was younger, I definitely didn't see as much as someone of the same age would see now."
The average American child will see 200,000 violent acts and witness 16,000 murders on TV by the time they are 18, based on the article, The Numbing Effect of Media Violence from Psychology Today by Arthur Dobrin.
Of course, in recent news, students see all the school shootings, the deaths, and the fights. Yet students might not truly understand the consequence of the events unfolding under their fingers.
A 2009 study by Brad Bushman and Craig Anderson, found that exposure to unwarranted violence in the media reduces the offering help to people in pain. So the question is, does media make us less likely to help someone in need?
Asking if he thought violent video games makes you less like to help people put when in need. James Johnson, a video game player, and Senior responded with "I'm gonna say it's a hit or miss when playing violent games. For me and the friends I knew in the past, it doesn't seem like it desensitizes us but what we have seen I mean it very likely could."
Media has more of an impersonal feel so students within society become less affected by deaths and shootings. Do students at this school feel like playing games like Fortnite or Call of Duty makes them less likely to help someone out?
Andrew Young, platform Medium, stated, "While I get that we have to make light so some really dark stories or we would forever be miserable and disheartened with the world I don't want that to be at the cost of people caring what is happening to their country or their communities. It may be that this isn't the case, that people really do understand the severity of news when it breaks worldwide but I think we might have all had that little escapism through a funny tweet or video I just hope that we don't move completely towards the parodies and way from the reality."
This brings to light the fact that maybe memes desensitize the severity of the issue. Is it truly just a way to bring light to a serious situation?
Media will always be such an easy accessible thing and can be switched any which way to form anyone's opinion. We can't escape the holds of it always being around us as a society but since it always will be around, does it make us truly desensitized?
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As the early pioneers of the medium tried to understand what is photography, there were only a very few that could make money from the images they captured. When Englishman Roger Fenton and American Mathew Brady "invented" photojournalism with their pictures of the Crimean War and the American Civil War, their work could only be printed in newspapers after first becoming engravings.
It wasn't until 1880 that printing technology had been developed that allowed The Daily Graphic of New York to print the first halftone image. The invention of flash powder during 1887 made it possible to record images indoors. Even with these advancements, the engraving process was still the primary method to print images that were originally photos in a newspaper and magazine through 1927. The introduction of the wire photo during 1921 added another piece to the photojournalism puzzle. Photos could now be transmitted via telegraph. Before photojournalism could become a moneymaking opportunity, the 35mm camera (1925) and flash bulbs (1930) had to transform the definition of what is photography.
Portrait photography was probably the earliest commercial use of the medium, since even the daguerreotype and wet and dry glass plate methods of the mid-19th century made it possible to photograph individuals, families and groups. Later, the tintype became very popular and is often associated with portraits from the Wild West. Wedding photography was limited by the large size and difficult operation of the equipment, so most 19th-century wedding photos were taken in studios before or after the ceremony. Hiring a photographer to capture the actual wedding event didn't become commonplace until after the Second World War.
As various innovators broadened the concept of what is photography, other moneymaking forms, such as fashion, advertising, food and fine art, slowly became acceptable during the early years of the 20th century.
The major turning points for commercial photography during the first half of the 20th century were Leica's introduction of the 35mm camera after World War I, the development of film technology by George Eastman and the first SLR (single-lens-reflex) camera from Nikon during 1959. Portable equipment, roll film, color film and artificial lighting made it possible for more photographers to choose a commercial career. Despite these advancements, making money with a camera was limited to those willing to commit the time to learn camera and darkroom techniques. For the serious hobbyist or amateur, it was difficult to break into the ranks of the professional, although some did.
In modern terms, the largest leap forward to create more moneymaking opportunities for more photographers, even those with limited knowledge and experience, was the digital revolution. The digital photography era began during 1976, when Canon introduced the AE-1 camera. It was the first with a microprocessor to focus and set exposure time, automatically. Suddenly, what is photography was not restricted to the analog method of film exposure, although it still remains popular with a select group of photographers.
During the next 35 years, digital photography technology advanced so quickly that it was possible to become a successful commercial photographer without years of apprenticeship or being accepted by an "old boys' club." In the photography world of 2012, more amateur photographers are able to make money with their camera, and still work their day jobs. Professional-grade cameras, lens and equipment are not required to photograph weddings, high-school senior portraits, Internet projects and images for stock photo companies, to name just a few moneymaking opportunities.
Digital photography has made it possible for many people with a passion for the art to become full-time and well-known professionals within just a few years. A perfect example is Will Burrard-Lewis, a young English photographer, who is a featured interview on PhotographyTalk.com. It only took him two years to advance from an unknown to a highly regarded wildlife photographer whose work has appeared in major publications and exhibits around the globe. He is proof that what is photography is whatever you make of it; and the sooner you start, the more moneymaking opportunities will come your way.
To learn more about how you can make money with your digital camera quickly and easily, click here.


Republican Rep. Dennis Ross (Fla.) is retiring from Congress at the end of the year.
Ross made the announcement that he will not seek reelection on Wednesday morning, shortly after Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) shared his decision not to run again in the fall.
"After thoughtful prayer and consideration, my wife Cindy and I decided that I will not seek re-election for a fifth-term in office," Ross said in a statement.
Ross was not considered to be in any major electoral jeopardy — the nonpartisan Cook Political Report does not include his seat on its list of the most vulnerable seats in the House.
Republicans will likely be in the driver's seat in the suburban Tampa district. But it's possible that the combination of the open seat and Democratic enthusiasm puts the 15th District, which President Trump won by 10 points in 2016, in play.
"GOP Rep. Ross won't seek reelection." Ben Kamisar, TheHill.com, 2018-04-11.


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Most of the Yogic techniques used are in-conjunction with other modalaties, to create the Symphony of the Soul.
So whether it be Yoga Nidra, Lions Breath, Sun Salutation or Karma Yoga, they are incorporated as an aid to either a Journey or Therapy.
Here Lion's Breath, Sherrie in action!
Lion's Breath helps to release blocked and negative energy.
I use this technique with clients and in workshops.
A deep Yogic sleep relaxtion, you are not asleep, but deeply relaxed.
These can be booked as individual sessions on their own.
A workshop here finishing off with the Asana of Child Pose.
Comforting, nurturing, going back to the Love.


Fun songs and activities for beginners in French. Themes on the audio CD include, salutations, rooms of the house, pets, meals, food and cutlery, transportation, communication, parts of the body, clothing and the weather. The activity book contains exercises which may be reproduced by the classroom teacher.


When carrying out a zero-based budget, the first step is to identify the activities taking place in a department, division or function.
Decide on the ZBB option to be adopted, using cost-benefit analysis.
CBA estimates the financial value of the benefits and costs of a project, for example, the construction of a motorway, the building of a school or the implementation of a new health-care system. The cost-benefit idea suggests that a financial value can be put on all the costs and benefits of a specific project, including both the tangible and intangible factors.
Provide a full catering service for students, with hot and cold food and drinks available at no charge. This full catering service could be provided internally or the whole catering service could be outsourced to an external provider.
The 'base' level of service is Option A, with Options B and C providing higher service level options.
To take matters to the next stage, a cost-benefit analysis needs to be carried out for each option.
Completing a cost-benefit analysis for Option A – the lowest level of catering provision – is likely to show this to be the most cost-effective. But this option may show the school in the most unfavourable light; parents may regard the absence of a full catering service as an indicator that the school does not really care for its students. This may discourage some parents from sending their children to the school and student numbers may fall. This may affect the ability of the school to attract public funding in the future.
Completing a cost-benefit analysis for Option B – this offers a medium level of catering provision. However, some parents may be unwilling and/or unable to pay the charges for food and drink and the reputation of the school may suffer. The school may have to subsidise poorer parents.
Completing a cost-benefit analysis for Option C – this offers a 'full service' catering provision. It is the most attractive option for parents and their children, but the costs to the school will be significantly higher than Options A and B. These increased costs may affect the level of resourcing for other school activities, such as school outings and sport.
Once the full facts are available for each option, a decision will need to be made about which option to go for. As we have seen, this final decision will be influenced by a blend of financial and non-financial factors.