The trial in this matter was held on February 17 and 18, 1994, in Butte, Montana. Petitioner, Lucy Osborne (claimant), was present and represented by Mr. Leonard J. Haxby. Respondent, Planet Insurance Company (Planet), was represented by Mr. Brendon J. Rohan. Claimant testified on her own behalf. James M. Montgomery, Mike Anderson and Dr. Bruce Knutsen also testified. The depositions of Bruce E. Knutsen, M.D., George M. Gilboy, M.D., Richard C. Dewey, M.D., and James P. Murphy, M.D., were filed with the Court for its consideration in reaching its decision. Exhibits 1 through 10, and 22 through 26 were admitted into evidence by stipulation of the parties. Exhibits 11 through 19 were admitted with respect to the reasonableness of the insurer's conduct, but not for other purposes. Exhibits 20 and 21, which are attached to the deposition of William Goodrich, were not admitted.
Nature of the dispute: The dispute in this case involves the application of section 39-71-701 (4), MCA (1991), which provides for the termination of temporary total disability benefits where the worker's treating physician releases the worker to return to work in a modified or alternative position with the same or greater pay as the worker's time-of-injury job even though the worker has not reached maximum medical healing. The principal issue in this case is whether the insurer improperly terminated claimant's temporary total disability benefits under section 39-71-710 (4), MCA (1991), and if so, the extent of the insurer's liability for temporary total disability benefits. The Court must also determine whether claimant's current physical complaints are attributable to her industrial accident.
1. Dr. Gilboy's November 19, 1992, note stating that "Lucy has a Herniated Disc and cannot return to work at this time" rescinded any release to return to work that he had previously given for the claimant.
2. Dr. Knutsen contacted claimant's treating physicians in October of 1992 and obtained their approval for claimant to return to light duty work.
3. Under section 39-71-701(4), MCA, a detailed job analysis was unnecessary in this case.
Issues withdrawn at trial: At the conclusion of trial the claimant withdrew her contention that the insurer wrongfully refused payment for necessary and reasonably incurred medical expenses.
1. On the date of her injury claimant was 41 years old and had been employed by Rhone-Poulenc for over 17 years.
2. Claimant was injured on September 23, 1992, when she fell down some metal stairs at work. Her claim for compensation was accepted by Planet Insurance Company, which insured Rhone-Poulenc.
3. Following her fall claimant was examined at the emergency room of St. James Community Hospital in Butte. The examining physician found there was no evidence of a "fracture, dislocation or other significant bone or joint abnormality." The ER report indicated that claimant sprained her wrists and suffered contusions of the left shoulder and right elbow. A splint was applied to her right wrist and Tylenol was prescribed for pain.
5. Rhone-Poulenc has a policy of returning injured workers to work as soon as possible after their injuries. The policy is premised on the idea that an early return to work benefits both the company and the employee. Rhone-Poulenc provides modified, light duty jobs to injured workers at their full pay. It consults with its medical director to determine the types of jobs an injured worker is capable of performing. The medical director also monitors each employee's return to work.
6. Rhone-Poulenc employs Dr. Bruce Knutsen, a family practitioner, as its medical director for the Butte area.
7. On September 30, 1992, Dr. Knutsen examined claimant and reviewed emergency room records and x-rays of claimant. He concluded that claimant could return to light-duty work notwithstanding her injuries. He informed claimant of his conclusion, however, claimant told him that she preferred to rely on the opinion of her personal physician.
8. The claimant returned to Dr. Gilboy on October 6, 1992, complaining that she hurt all over and that the anti-inflammatory medications were not working. Dr. Gilboy prescribed physical therapy. He did not release her to return to work at that time.
9. On October 13, 1992, Dr. Gilboy referred the claimant to Dr. James Murphy, an orthopedic surgeon, for consultation.
You have been released for light duty work such as answering telephones and other light office tasks. According to the Company physician he has advised you of this, although you expressed your dissatisfaction to him about returning to work and your desire to recuperate at home. Dr. Knutsen has been in contact with your personal physician who concurred with your release for light duty.
(Ex. 11, emphasis added.) The letter also warned claimant that her failure to report for light-duty work on October 19, 1992 "will be considered grounds for dismissal."
Lucy has not been released to return to work. On 10/13/92 she was referred to J. P. Murphy, M.D."
19. With regard to his testimony concerning his conversations with Drs. Murphy and Gilboy, as well as his testimony on other matters, I found Dr. Knutsen credible.
20. Based on his October 26, 1992 and November 2, 1992 conversations with Dr. Murphy and Dr. Gilboy, respectively, Dr. Knutsen reasonably believed that claimant's treating physicians had released her to return to work. Though oral, the statements made by Drs. Murphy and Gilboy to Dr. Knutsen amounted to their releases for claimant to return to at least light-duty work.
Rhone-Poulenc continues to maintain that your client was physically capable of returning to work on October 26, 1992. I will await your immediate response regarding whether your client intends to return to her employment at Rhone-Poulenc.
24. Claimant did not return to work on November 16, 1992.
26. On November 19, 1992, Dr. Gilboy issued a second written excuse taking claimant off work, stating "Lucy has a Herniated Disc and cannot return to work at this time." (Gilboy Dep. Ex. 2, emphasis added.) This note effectively rescinded any release to return to work previously given.
27. On November 20, 1992, Dr. Knutsen recommended that Dr. Gilboy refer claimant to Dr. Cooney, a neurologist, for further evaluation of her herniated disc. A referral was in fact made and on December 3, 1992, Dr. Cooney conducted an electromyography study to determine if she was suffering cervical radiculopathy related to her herniated disc. The study, however, was normal.
29. As of December 3, 1992, Dr. Dewey assumed claimant's care. He again examined claimant on January 21, 1993, March 4, 1993 and April 15, 1993.
Myofascial syndrome is a generic title applied to a pain problem that involves migratory muscle spasm; that is, spasms that occur both on the left and then on the right side, both sides up and down. They tend to have very limited relief of pain.
The pain is very characteristic in some respects of a charley horse in the leg, which we're all familiar with. There can be an underlying aching-type of pain, such as the kind of pain one experiences with the flu after it has went into the muscles. But it is very persistent with periods of migration within one side then moving to the other, from the coccyx to the base of the skull.
Well, if you want me to address if she's a malingerer, no; I think she's got pain. If you want to know if I think that the problem is real for her, yes, I think it is. I don't think the injury caused it. I think it precipitated it, but I think the cause is something else.
35. Claimant did not return to work on February 1, 1993.
I think Lucy is truly having significant enough pain that she would not be able to work at any position, although I have no restrictions on her should she like to return to a telephone operating position with Rhone-Poulenc.
I have been advised by counsel for Rhone-Poulenc that you have conferred with Dr. Bruce Knutsen with regard your evaluation and treatment of my client, Lucy Osborne. Did you tell Dr. Bruce Knutsen, and Lucy, that she could return to "light-duty" work, and, if so, were you provided a job description to specifically approve.
(Ex. 2 at 23.) Apparently, Dr. Dewey never responded to the letter.
Q Doctor, getting into your examination, treatment, and continued observation of Ms. Osbourne [sic], I'm going to advise you that she was being advised by her employer that they had a modified position for her as a telephone operator.
This is a position where she would be in a controlled environment inside the company, and she would sit at a console and answer the company's telephone and do this type of work.
Now, is that the type of position -- when I say position, I'm not talking about a physical position, but a job position -- that would be good for a patient such as Lucy -- when I say good, I mean a physically positive position for a patient such as Lucy, from your observations?
A Well, again, I can't answer that specifically for Lucy because we don't know how she would do until she attempts to function in that role. We wouldn't know, if she's never tried it. Patients with muscle spasm have pain at rest. So an active position is more likely to be tolerated by someone with myofascial problems.
On the other hand, I had given Lucy some very specific exercises for her to perform every hour in a sitting position. So a job such as that would give her the opportunity to do those exercises. Unfortunately, Lucy never understood the role of her performing her own exercises in any of this. So I don't know. The only way to really answer your problem [sic] is to put her in the job and see how well she tolerates it.
My prediction is she wouldn't tolerate it well. Most of the patients who I see who have this migratory muscle spasm, myofascial syndrome, or any kind of muscle spasm require movement to be free of symptoms. And the worst jobs that I see are those in front of a CDT or typing on a stenographer's typewriter or sitting at a desk.
Even though those positions are labor nonintensive, physically nonintensive positions, and give the impression that they can be tolerated better, patients don't tolerate them real well when in muscle spasm primarily. The only other comment I would make is that patients who are in spasm and do nothing are going to have pain, so they might as well work and earn money because they're going to have the pain anyway. I tell them that a lot.
I'm not saying that that is the right answer, but most patients who have this spasming also have it if they sit and do nothing or sit watching television or go to a movie or have to drive in the car.
And it's also very, very uncomfortable. They're uncomfortable from morning to night. Lack of movement is related to lack of movement, rather than to movement itself. So I tell them, "If you are going to be uncomfortable, then why don't you find a job and at least earn some money while you're being uncomfortable."
Q Doctor, I'm going to ask you some questions in the same vein. Are there certain programs such as work-hardening or the physical therapy -- I shouldn't say that -- or programs run by physical therapy clinics, such as to determine your ability to work, that would be beneficial to try to find out the employability of a patient like Lucy Osbourne [sic]?
A Well, there are a lot of places that do what is called a work evaluation, where they put a patient through a fairly prolonged series of movements and maneuvers and try to evaluate as best they can whether a patient can function in the workplace. In my opinion, they don't work as well as -- Nothing works as well as putting the patient in the workplace and seeing how they will tolerate the work.
Q The only thing that my records indicated from your records is, I believe, whether or not she should go into the job of the telephone operator. And I believe you already answered that question; is that correct?
A Yes. Again, I think that would be up to Lucy. My feeling is that if she's going to hurt, she ought to find out where she hurts the least. If she can return to the job market, only she will be able to determine that. I quite doubt that that would be determinable by a work evaluation or altered by a work-hardening program.
Q Would it then be fair to say that the only restricting provisions of your examination of Ms. Osbourne [sic] would be the restrictions that the pain that she feels would put upon herself?
A There are two answers to that. You're correct, the patient is limited by her own pain tolerance. The second thing is that the only restriction I placed on her medically is that she perform the specific exercises every hour. That is a restriction against her time, but I told her that she must do these stretching exercises frequently throughout the day if she wants to optimize her ability to tolerate activities.
We'll request that a six-month membership be authorized for the Butte YMCA and that the patient, at least once or twice a day, goes to the YMCA for a hot tub, Jacuzzi, sauna, etc. Heat is the only thing which helps her and is certainly doing a better job than physical therapy. This would be considerably less expensive, the patient could do this several times a day. I don't think there is anything further that I can add. Stretching is important. She is still only doing them four or five times a day, when I would like to see her stretch hourly. I have shown her a little different way to stretch so that she does not get spasm of her abdominal muscles and that she can even stretch some of these at the same time. If she is not stretching she will be uncomfortable.
(Ex. 2 at 13.) Dr. Dewey also concluded that "[i]t would be more appropriate for her to be followed by someone in Butte since the trip to Missoula is inconvenient." With that closing note, Dr. Dewey's care of claimant ended.
45. Based on the medical records in this case, as well as my personal observation of claimant at trial, I find that claimant is unmotivated to return to work and resisted all suggestions and recommendations that she attempt to do so.
46. Had claimant returned to work she would have received her full wages even if she had worked only part-time. Her return to work would have been carefully monitored by Dr. Knutsen, and her job would have been further modified to accommodate her.
47. The duties and physical requirements of the light duty jobs offered to claimant by Rhone-Poulenc (receptionist, telephone operator) are not unique or beyond the common understanding of physicians or this Court. A detailed job analysis was unnecessary to a release for claimant to return to work.
48. Claimant is presently on indefinite leave status with Rhone-Poulenc. Her employment has not been terminated.
a. As of November 2, 1992, the claimant was released by her treating physicians to return to work in at least a light duty position.
b. Between the time of her injury and February 1, 1993, Rhone-Poulenc had a light-duty position available to claimant and was willing to tailor her job and hours of work to help her successfully return to work. Had claimant returned to work she would have received her full wages.
c. The claimant's release to return to work was rescinded on November 19, 1992.
d. Dr. Dewey became claimant's treating physician on December 3, 1992.
e. As of January 26, 1993, Dr. Dewey released claimant to return to work in a light-duty position. However, his release was equivocal in that he left it up to claimant to determine whether she could cope with her pain.
f. In light of the equivocal nature of Dr. Dewey's release and the lack of any prior legal precedent, the effect of the release was reasonably debatable.
g. Claimant has resisted all attempts to return her to work and has not followed Dr. Dewey's exercise recommendations. Claimant does not want to even attempt to return to work.
h. As of late January 1993, there was no medical reason preventing claimant's return to work in a light-duty position at Rhone-Poulenc. Dr. Dewey's testimony clearly established that a return to work would not have harmed claimant nor caused her condition to worsen.
i. Claimant's condition, and her ability to return to work in a light-duty position or any other position, has not been medically evaluated since April 15, 1993.
j. Claimant received temporary total disability benefits through October 26, 1992.
50. Rhone-Poulenc's termination of benefits as of October 26, 1992, was not unreasonable. Its failure to reinstate and pay temporary total disability benefits between November 19, 1992 and February 1, 1993, was unreasonable in light of Dr. Gilboy's written statement taking claimant back off work on November 19, 1992. Rhone-Poulenc's refusal to pay benefits after Dr. Knutsen communicated with Dr. Dewey on January 26, 1993, was not unreasonable since Dr. Dewey's statements could reasonably be construed as a release to return to work and claimant was notified of this.
1. Claimant suffers from a myofascial pain disorder which was triggered by her September 23, 1992, injury while working for Rhone-Poulenc. An employer "takes the employee as he finds him." Houts v. Kare-Mor, 257 Mont. 65, 68, 847 P.2d 701 (1992). Although a preexisting condition may be substantially responsible for a claimant's medical condition, the insurer is liable for the condition where the preexisting disease or condition is "lit up, aggravated or accelerated by an industrial injury." Birnie v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 134 Mont. 39, 45, 328 P.2d 133 (1958). Claimant's disorder is a consequence of her industrial accident and is compensable.
39-71-701. Compensation for temporary total disability - exception. . . .
Rhone-Poulenc invoked the section in terminating claimant's temporary total disability benefits, and contends here that all of the statutory criteria for termination of benefits were met.
Rhone-Poulenc offered claimant a light-duty job at her time-of-injury wage. It did so pursuant to a program which encourages injured workers to return to work as early as possible and which provides medical monitoring of the worker. The program also provides flexibility in the number of hours of work and specific job duties so that the worker's physical restrictions and needs can be accommodated. It is consistent with the obvious purpose of the statute, and was endorsed by Dr. Dewey.
As an initial matter, however, the section requires that the "treating physician" release the worker to return to work. Dr. Knutsen was not claimant's treating physician, and his opinion that claimant could return to work was insufficient to invoke the section. The propriety of the termination of claimant's benefits therefore depends on whether she was released to return to work by her treating physicians.
On November 2, 1992, claimant's treating physician was Dr. Gilboy. By concurring with Dr. Murphy's October 26, 1992 opinion, which was the claimant was capable of returning to any type of work, Dr. Gilboy approved claimant's return to work the light-duty position offered by her employer. While the approval was not in writing, the statute does not require a written release or any specific wording. However, as illustrated in this case, and in light of fading memories and imperfect recollections, employers and insurers would be well advised to obtain a written release directly from the treating physician. At minimum a release to return to work must be clearly and effectively communicated to the claimant.
The November 2, 1992 release was short-lived. On November 19, 1992, Dr. Gilboy, who was still claimant's treating physician, issued a note stating that "Lucy has a Herniated Disc and cannot return to work at this time." That note rescinded the prior approval for her return to work.
Rhone-Poulenc argues, however, that claimant was not entitled to reinstatement of her benefits because Dr. Gilboy's work restriction was based on a herniated disk and the herniated disc was not the specific cause of claimant's continued symptoms. Rhone-Poulenc's logic is flawed. The correctness of a physician's medical diagnosis is not the gauge of an insurer's liability. Claimant was entitled to a reinstatement of her temporary total disability benefits so long as the work restriction was related to a physician's efforts to diagnose and treat the claimant's injury. Claimant's myofacial pain syndrome, which was triggered by the accident, existed on November 19, 1992, and her physician was merely trying to determine the specific medical condition which was producing her symptoms.
The clear purpose of section 39-71-710 (4), MCA, is to return the worker to employment as soon as possible. To promote that purpose the legislature made a specific provision for termination of temporary total disability benefits where the employer offers the injured worker a modified or alternative job at full wages and the worker's treating physician approves the worker's return to work. The statute does not excuse a worker from returning to work even though the worker believes that he or she is unable to work. While the worker may refuse to return to work, the consequence of such refusal is no job and no benefits. The worker who attempts to return to work and who genuinely cannot perform the job because of his or her injury can of course seek reevaluation by his or her treating physician, who may then determine that the worker is not capable of doing the job and thereby rescind the release.
Dr. Dewey has approved claimant's return to work in a light-duty position. His pessimism concerning claimant's probable success in any return to work is not a restriction precluding her return to work but is warning that her return to work may ultimately prove unsuccessful. His approval imposes on claimant at least the burden to try the job offered by Rhone-Poulenc and make a good faith, bona fide effort to do the job. She also has an obligation to follow the exercise regime and other medical advice prescribed by Dr. Dewey to ameliorate her condition. If in doing so she is ultimately unable to work then her treating physician may rescind the release and again take her off work.
Although we have found that Dr. Dewey has released claimant to return to work in a light-duty position, the release was not effectively and unequivocally communicated to the claimant. Dr. Dewey initially did not communicate the approval to claimant but rather to Dr. Knutsen and it is not apparent that he ever informed claimant that she could and should attempt to return to work. Dr. Dewey did not reply to claimant's attorney's March 1, 1993 letter asking him if he told Dr. Knutsen that claimant could return to work. On several questionnaires which are part of Dr. Dewey's file, he also responded "yes" to a question asking whether claimant was totally disabled.
Since Dr. Dewey's release was not effectively and unequivocally communicated, claimant is entitled to temporary total benefits from November 19, 1992 to the present date.
However, it is the Court's further determination that if claimant's condition is unchanged or has improved, her benefits may be prospectively terminated pursuant to section 39-71-701 (4), MCA (1991) unless Dr. Dewey's release is affirmatively rescinded. Claimant was last examined by Dr. Gilboy on October 19, 1993, but Dr. Gilboy recommended that claimant be reexamined by Dr. Dewey. That recommendation appears especially appropriate and would provide an opportunity for a current assessment of claimant's ability to return to work. The Court will therefore order claimant to submit to a further examination and evaluation by Dr. Dewey, or another specialist recommended by Dr. Gilboy, to determine if she is currently able to return to light-duty work on at least a trial basis. If she is then released to do so, and an appropriate light-duty job is offered to her by Rhone-Poulenc, her temporary total disability benefits may then be terminated pursuant to section 39-71-701 (4), MCA (1991).
3. The insurer's refusal to pay benefits during the period November 19, 1992 to February 1, 1993 was unreasonable since Dr. Gilboy's November 19, 1992 note clearly takes her off work. The insurer ignored that note and its after-the-fact argument that the cervical hernia did not cause her condition comes too late to make its conduct during that time frame reasonable and is, in any event, incorrect. She is therefore entitled to a 20 percent penalty with respect to benefits payable during that period. § 39-71-2907, MCA (1991). She is not entitled to a penalty with respect to other times because, even though it has not prevailed in this case, the insurer reasonably believed that claimant had been released to return to work by Drs. Gilboy and Dewey.
4. Since the Court has found the insurer's termination of benefits during that period to be unreasonable, the claimant is entitled to attorney fees with respect to benefits payable during the period November 19, 1992 to February 1, 1993. § 39-71-611 (1), MCA (1991).
1. The insurer shall reinstate claimant's temporary total disability benefits retroactively to October 26, 1992.
2. Claimant shall within two months of this judgment submit to a reexamination and reevaluation by Dr. Dewey, or other specialist recommended by Dr. Gilboy, to determine whether she is presently able to return to work in a light-duty job, even if on only a trial basis.
3. The insurer shall pay a 20 percent penalty on temporary total disability benefits due claimant during the period of November 19, 1992 to February 1, 1993.
4. Claimant is entitled to attorney fees with respect to the Court's award of temporary total disability benefits for the period of November 19, 1992 to February 1, 1993. The amount of attorney fees shall be determined at a later time.
5. The Court retains continuing jurisdiction over this case.
DATED in Helena, Montana, this 22nd day of August, 1994.


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How to Setup Device and TV for Videos
How do I connect an Android smartphone or tablet to my TV?
You can push video from most Android devices to an HDTV or 4K set through Mobile High-Definition Link, or MHL. To check that your TV can accept the feed, first look for an MHL logo above one of the HDMI ports on the back of your set.
In most cases, if you have an HDTV with MHL built in, all you need is a micro USB-to-HDMI cable that plugs into the port on your mobile device and into the MHL-enabled HDMI input on the TV. Many newer Android phones use the reversible USB Type-C port, but similar cables are available for those phones. Take note, however, that some Samsung Galaxy devices, just to be different, require a special cable to connect to an MHL TV. Fortunately, no matter which cable you need, they are all available for about $10 for a 6-foot cord.
The MHL Consortium publishes a partial list of MHL-supported devices on its website (http://www.mhltech.org/devices.aspx). If you don't see your mobile device listed, check with the manufacturer. The latest version of MHL, movie buffs will be happy to note, supports 4K video, which new phones from the likes of LG also support.
HDMI ports on older TVs don't support MHL, so you'll need an MHL-to-HDMI adapter to supply the power. Several models are available from Monoprice for less than $25 each. You may need to plug your device's charger into the adapter to provide extra power (the phone's screen usually has to stay on during playback).
Select Google Nexus and LG G-series phones and tablets make use of a competing technology called SlimPort, as do all Amazon Fire devices.
The benefit is that SlimPort doesn't require additional power. To hook up a SlimPort system to a TV, simply purchase a SlimPort-to-HDMI adapter. Then, attach the SlimPort cable to your phone and the HDMI end to your TV, just as you would with an MHL device.
Special note: MHL and SlimPort adapters are not cross-compatible, so be sure to get the proper adapter for your specific device.
A more convenient option for those with SlimPort gadgets is the SlimPort Nano-Console: a small and simple box that essentially turns your SlimPort device into a TV-ready streaming device or Android gaming console. The Analogix SlimPort Nano-Console, for example, comes with cables for a variety of devices, but at $55, it's considerably more expensive than a straightforward cable.
How do I connect an iPhone, iPad or iPod touch to my TV?
The good news: Your TV doesn't need to support MHL to make the video connection to an iOS device.
Apple sells a Lightning digital AV adapter that accomplishes the same thing as the Android cables. (A 30-pin version of the adapter is also available if you have an older iOS device.) This is essentially an HDMI adapter for your iOS device: On one end, there's a Lightning plug (or 30-pin adapter for older devices), and on the other end is an HDMI port. Use any HDMI cable to go from the adapter to your TV's HDMI port.
The $49 Lightning adapters can handle 1080p video, and they work with all iPhones, iPads and iPod touches that have the Lightning port. The 30-pin digital AV adapter sells for $39 and requires an iPhone 4, iPad 2 second generation or iPod touch fourth generation or later.
How do I connect a PC or Mac to my TV?
Which cable you'll use to connect a PC or Mac to a larger display will depend on the display output on your computer. Many newer PCs and Macs have an HDMI port, so a regular HDMI cable might do the trick. Svelte laptops sometimes have a smaller HDMI port, called mini HDMI, or an even smaller jack, known as micro HDMI. But no matter which cable you need, expect to pay about $10 for a 6-foot cable.
In other cases, you'll need an adapter. For example, for PCs with a DVI video output, you can use Monoprice's $8.25 DVI-to-HDMI adapter cable. However, this won't bring audio to your TV. You'll have to either listen through your PC's speakers (or headphones) or run a cable from the headphone jack on the PC to an audio input on the TV (if it has one).
For some Macs, a Monoprice Mini DisplayPort/Thunderbolt to HDMI adapter, which runs about $12, will do the trick. Macs built after late 2009 can use the HDMI cable for both audio and video. For audio, older Macs will need to use the computer speakers, the headphones or a separate cable from the headphone jack to the TV.
If your computer has only a blue, analog VGA port, hooking the machine up to your TV requires a bunch of hardware, making the process more trouble than it's worth. But if your computer is that old, it may be time to upgrade, anyway.
Source: https://www.tomsguide.com/us/tv-connector-adapter-guide,news-18345.html
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Hughes, A., Kitson, M. and Probert,J. with Bullock, A and Milner, I.(2011) Hidden Connections: Knowledge Exchange between the Arts and Humanities and the Private Public and Third Sectors, AHRC and CBR, May 2011.
Martin, Bill (2011) Is the British economy supply constrained? A critique of productivity pessimism, Cambridge: UK~IRC and CBR, Special Report, July.
Connell, D. (2010) Scientists are Customers too: How the SBRI can Help Research Councils drive Economic Growth, NESTA, Provocation, May 2010.
Connell, D. and Probert, J. (2010) Exploding the Myths of UK Innovation Policy: How 'Soft Companies' and R&D Contracts for Customers Drive the Growth of the Hi-Tech Economy, CBR and EEDA, Feb 2010.
Hughes, A., Kitson, M., Bullock, A. and Milner, I. (2010) Knowledge Exchange between Arts and Humanities and the Private, Public and Third Sectors: A comparative perspective; An interim report to the Arts and Humanities Research Council Sept 2010, Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Hughes, A., Moore, B. and Ulrichsen, T. (2010), Knowledge Exchange and the Generation of Civic and Community Impacts, A report to HEFCE by PACEC and the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, April.
Hughes, A., Moore, B. and Ulrichsen, T. (2010), Synergies and Trade-offs between Research, Teaching and Knowledge Exchange, A Report to HEFCE by PACEC and the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, April.
Hughes, A., Moore, B. and Ulrichsen, T. (2010), The Higher Education Knowledge Exchange System in the United States, A report to HEFCE by PACEC and the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, July.
Hughes, A., Moore, B. and Ulrichsen, T. (2010), The Intellectual Property Regime and its Implications for Knowledge Exchange, A report to HEFCE by PACEC and the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, January.
Martin, Bill (2010) Rebalancing in the Dark Special Report (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research and UK~IRC). July 2010.
Martin, Bill (2010) Rebalancing the British Economy: A Strategic Assessment Special Report (Cambridge: CBR and UK~IRC), April 2010.
Abreu, M., Grinevich, V., Hughes, A. and Kitson, M. (2009), Knowledge Exchange between Academics and the Business, Public and Third Sectors, Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
Cosh, A., Hughes, A., Bullock, A. and Milner, I. (2009) SME Finance and Innovation in the Current Economic Crisis (Cambridge: CBR and UK~IRC).
Hughes, A., Moore, B. and Ulrichsen, T. (2009), Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Role of HEFCE/OSI Third Stream Funding: Culture Change and Embedding Capacity in the Higher Education Sector Toward Greater Economic Impact, A report to HEFCE by PACEC and the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
Hughes, A., Moore, B. and Ulrichsen, T. (2009), The Evolution of the Infrastructure of the Knowledge Exchange System, A report to HEFCE by PACEC and the Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, December.
Minshall, T. (2009) Creating an environment for open innovation.
Abreu, M., Grinevich, V., Hughes, A., Kitson, M. and Ternouth, P. (2008), Universities Business Knowledge Exchange, Council for Industry and Higher Education and Centre for Business Research, London and Cambridge.
Cosh, A., Hughes, A., Bullock, A., and Milner, I. (2008) A summary of UK and International SME Finance surveys comparable to the UK SME Finance Survey 2008. A report to a consortium of UK public sector bodies, small business representative organisations and finance providers (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cosh, A., Hughes, A., Bullock, A., and Milner, I. (2008) Financing UK Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Cambridge: Centre for Business Research.
Hughes, A. and PACEC (2008) Competitiveness and Productivity of the UK Design Engineering Sector. Report prepared by PACEC and CBR for BERR, October.
Probert, J. (2008) An International Political Economy Perspective on the Textile and Clothing Industries of Developed Countries: Examples from the US, UK and Germany. Report to the TCF Review Secretariat, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research, Australian Government.
Cosh, A., Bullock, A., and Milner, I. (2007) Barriers to Innovation and Growth in High technology SMEs: the Role of Absorptive Capacity. A report to the Council for Science and Technology, (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Deakin, S. and Koukiadaki, A. (2007) Diffusion of EU-level norms through reflexive governance mechanisms? The Implementation of the EU Framework Agreement on Telework in Five Member States. Project report.
Deakin, S. and Koukiadaki, A. (2007) The capability approach and the reception of European social policy in the UK: the case of the Telework Agreement. Project report.
Deakin, S. and Koukiadaki, A. (2007) The capability approach and the reception of European social policy in the UK: the case of the Information and Consultation Directive. Project report.
Hughes, A. and Grinevich, V (2007) The Contribution of Services and other Sectors to Australian Productivity Growth 1980-2004 (Sydney: Australian Business Foundation).
Hughes, A., Bullock, A., and Milner, I. (2007) Cluster Analysis to identify Case Study HEIs in relation to the Evaluation of the Effectiveness of HEFCE/OSI Third Stream Funding. A report to Public & Corporate Economic Consultants (PACEC) Ltd for submission to the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Armour, J., Hsu, A. and A.J. Walters (2006) The Impact of the Enterprise Act 2002 on Realisations and Costs in Corporate Rescue Proceedings. A Report Prepared for the Insolvency Service (December), available at:http://www.insolvency.gov.uk/insolvencyprofessionandlegislation/research/corpdocs/ImpactofEAReport.pdf .
Connell, D. (2006) Secrets of the World's Largest Seed Capital Fund. Research Report (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cosh, A., Hughes, A., Lester, R.K. (2006) UK plc: Just How Innovative Are We? (Cambridge, UK and Cambridge US: Cambridge-MIT Institute).
Cosh, A., Bullock, A., Hughes, A. and Milner, I. (2005) CBR SME Benchmarking Survey for Northern Ireland. A report to Invest NI (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research (Policy Evaluation Unit).
Cosh, A., Bullock, A., Hughes, A. and Milner, I. (2005) SMEs in Northern Ireland: a matched sample comparison with Great Britain. A report to Invest NI(Cambridge: Centre for Business Research (Policy Evaluation Unit)).
Cosh, A., Fu, X., Hughes, A. (2005) Determinates of Innovation in small ICT companies, Report to the i10 MAPSME II project (including web-tool design).
Lane, C. (2005) Firms' Responses to Globalisation: Organisation of the Value Chain in the Clothing Industries of the UK, US and Germany, CBR final project report to The Cambridge-MIT Institute (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Learmount, S. (2005) Firms' Responses to Globalisation: Organisation of the Value Chain in the Publishing Industries of the UK, US and Germany, CBR final project report to The Cambridge-MIT Institute.
Probert, J. (2005) Firms' Responses to Globalisation: Organisation of the Value Chain in the Pharmaceutical Industries of the UK, US and Germany, CBR final project report to The Cambridge-MIT Institute (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Wilkinson, F., Bullock, A., Burchell, B., Konzelmann, S. and Mankelow, R. (2005) NHS Reforms and the Working Lives of Midwives and Physiotherapists. A Report to The Royal College of Midwives and the Chartered Society of Physiotherapists (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research (Policy Evaluation Unit)).
Bullock, A., Cosh, A., Fu, X., Hughes, A., Yang, Q. (2004) SME Growth Trajectories, A report to the Small Business Service (Cambridge: DTI and Centre for Business Research).
Bullock, A., Cosh, A., Hughes, A. (June 2004) CIS4 Pilot Survey, A report to the DTI (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cosh, A., Griffiths, R., Harrison, R., Hughes, A., Spires, R.and Seex,P. (2004) The Contribution of UK Research and Technology Organisations to Innovation and Knowledge Transfer. A Report to HM Treasury DTI and HM Inland Revenue. (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Fu, X, Cosh, A and Hughes, A (2004) Exploring the Middle Market. Report for the Department for Trade and Industry (DTI) (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Ashbee, B., Cook, P. and Koeck, M. (2003) Partnership and Profit (video film) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Moving Image Studio).
Bullock. A, Fu, X., Milner, I., and Yang, Q.G. (2003) Innovation Benchmarking: Sampling Frames and Information Sources (U.S) (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Burchell, B.J. (2003) Identifying, Describing and Understanding Financial Aversion: Financial Phobes. Report to Egg.
Cosh, A., Hughes, A., Bullock, A., Fu, X., Yang, Q.G., and Milner, I. (2003) Analysis of Middle Market Firms. A Report to the DTI (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cox, M., Hughes, A. and Spires, R. (2003) Evaluation of SMART (including SPUR): Final Report and Appendices, DTI Evaluation Report Series No.3.
Cox, M., Hughes, A. and Spires, R. (2003) Research into the Enterprise Investment Scheme and Venture Capital Trusts (London: H.M. Inland Revenue).
Fu, X. and Yang Q.G., (2003) UK, EU and US Innovation Comparison: Sources, Performances and Impacts.
Hughes, A. (2003), The Commission's Green Paper: Entrepreneurship in Europe (with evidence) Select Committee on the European Union House of Lords session 2002- 03 34th Report, HL Paper 142, July (Committee Report).
Lane, C. Wilkinson, F., Littek, W., Heisig, U., Browne, J., Burchell, B., Mankelow, R., Potton, M., and Tutschner, R. (2003), The Future of Professionalised Work in Britain and Germany. The Case of British Counselling Psychologists and German Psychological Psychotherapists. Report to the Anglo German Foundation.
Lane, C. Wilkinson, F., Littek, W., Heisig, U., Browne, J., Burchell, B., Mankelow, R., Potton, M., and Tutschner, R. (2003), The Future of Professionalised Work in Britain and Germany. The Case of British Solicitors and German Advocates, Report to the Anglo German Foundation.
Lane, C. Wilkinson, F., Littek, W., Heisig, U., Browne, J., Burchell, B., Mankelow, R., Potton, M., and Tutschner, R. (2003), The Future of Professionalised Work in Britain and Germany. The Case of British and German Pharmacists. Report to the Anglo German Foundation.
Lane, C. Wilkinson, F., Littek, W., Heisig, U., Browne, J., Burchell, B., Mankelow, R., Potton, M., andTutschner, R. (2003), The Future of Professionalised Work in Britain and Germany. The Case of British Human Resource Managers and German Business and Human Resource Management Consultants. Report to the Anglo-German Foundation.
Lane, C., Wilkinson, F., Littek, W., Heisig, U. Browne, J. Burchell, B. Mankelow, R., Potton, M. and Tutschner, R. (2003) The Future of Professionalised Work in Britain and Germany. 66 pages, plus Executive Summary. Project final report, submitted to the AGF in July 2002.
Cosh A and Hughes A with Bullock A (2002) The Relationship between Training and Business Performance Pilot Analysis of the CIS3 Innovation Survey Instrument. Report to the DTI (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cosh A and Hughes A with Bullock A and Potton M (2002) The Relationship between Training and Business Performance, Report to DfES (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Fagan, C. and Burchell, B. (2002) Gender, Jobs and Working Conditions in the European Union (Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions).
Lane, C., Wilkinson, F., Littek, W., Heisig, U. Browne, J. Burchell, B. Mankelow, R., Potton, M. and Tutschner, R. (2002) The Future of Professionalised Work in Britain and Germany. Final report to the Anglo-German Foundation, 66 pages, plus Executive Summary.
Browne, J., Konzelmann, S. and Wilkinson, F. (2001) The Future of Professional Work. The final report for the Anglo-German Fund.
Bullock, A, Hughes, H and Wilkinson, F. (2001)The impact of the National Minimum Wage on Small and Medium Sized Businesses in the Cleaning and Security Sectors (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research) June.
Cook, J., Deakin, S. and Hughes, A. (2001) The governance of mutuality. Building societies, property rights and corporate governance. Report to the Building Societies Association and the Norwich & Peterborough Building Society (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Nachum L. (2001) The geography of FDI: geographical, industrial and functional patterns and their policy implications. A report prepared for UNCTAD, Division on Investment, Technology and Enterprise Development, Geneva (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Bullock, A, Hughes, H and Wilkinson, F. (2000) Assessing the impact of the national minimum wage on small and medium sized enterprises (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Bullock, A. Cosh, A. and Hughes, A. and Akerblom, A (2000) Measuring innovation in very small enterprises: A Report to Eurostat (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cosh, A., Hughes, A. and Weeks, M. (2000) The Relationship Between Training and Employment Growth in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Research Report No. 245 (Sheffield: Department for Education and Employment).
Brown, W. (1999) The contribution of collective bargaining to employment in Britain in the 1990s, Report to the International Labour Organisation.
Burchell, B. Deakin, S. and Honey, S. (1999) The employment status of individuals in non-standard employment, Employment Relations Research Series 6 (London: Department of Trade and Industry).
Jones, I. et al. (1999) Reputation and risk management - a joint London Business School/Arthur Andersen study in current practice in reputation risk management and business ethics amongst leading companies published in November 1999; review of management feedback published in January 2000.
Keeble, D and Wilkinson, F (eds), (1999), Networking and collective learning in regionally-clustered high-technology SMEs in Europe. Final Report to DG XII of the European Commission (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Brown, W., Deakin, S., Hudson, M., Pratten, C. and Ryan, P. (1998) The individualisation of employment contracts in Britain, Employment Relations Research Series 4 (London: Department of Trade and Industry).
Cosh, A., Hughes, A. and Duncan, J. (1998) Investment in training and small firm growth and survival, Department for Education and Employment Research Report No RR36.
Deakin, S. and Reed, H. (1998) The impact of labour market deregulation on unemployment: Britain. Report to IRES-Lombardia, Milan, for DG XII, Science Policy Directorate, European Commission.
Keeble, D. and Lawson, C. (eds) (1998) Collective learning processes and knowledge development in the evolution of regional clusters of high-technology SMEs in Europe, Goteborg Meeting of the TSER European Network, April 17-18 (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Nachum, L. and Keeble, D. (1998) Business clustering and internationalisation of film production in central London, A report prepared for the Economic Enabling Unit of Westminster City Council.
Athreye, S. and Evangelista, R. (1997) Limiting the notion of variety: some considerations for empirical research, Technical Report to the National Research Council, Rome.
Cosh, A., Hughes, A. and Wood, E. (1997) The Inclusion of Very Small Enterprises in Innovation Surveys. A Report for Eurostat (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Cosh, A.D., Hughes, A. and Wood, E. (1997) The Longitudinal Aspect of Innovation Surveys: The Experience of the ESRC Centre for Business Research. A report for Eurostat (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Hughes, A. (1997) Growth Constraints on Small and Medium Sized Firms. A report prepared for the DTI by the ESRC Centre for Business Research and PACEC, Department for Trade and Industry, London and Sheffield, April.
Keeble, D. and Lawson, C. (eds) (1997) Networks, links and large firm impacts on the evolution of regional clusters of high-technology SMEs in Europe, Report on Presentations and Discussions, Barcelona Meeting of the TSER European Network, October 17-18 (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Keeble, D. and Lawson, C. (eds) (1997) University research links and spin-offs in the evolution of regional clusters of high-technology SMEs in Europe, Report on Presentations and Discussions, Munich Meeting of the TSER European Network, February 28-March 1 (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Storey, D.J. and Westhead, P. (1997) Training provision and the development of small and medium sized enterprises. Department for Education and Employment Research Report No RR 26.
Deakin, S. and Wilkinson, F. (1996) Labour Legislation and Economic Theory: The Economics of Labour Institutions, Judicial Discretion, and Employment Protection. Report to the Department of Labour, New Zealand (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Keeble, D. and Lawson, C. (eds) (1996) Regional institutional and policy frameworks for high-technology SMEs in Europe, Report on Presentations and Discussions, Sophia-Antipolis Meeting of the TSER European Network, September 27-28 (Cambridge: Centre for Business Research).
Moore, B. and O'Neill, D. (1996) The impact of redundancies on local labour markets and the post-redundancy experience, Research Studies R523, Department for Education and Employment, HMSO.


What the city has to offer, says hotelreservierung.de one thinks of the French capital, immediately notice many of the Eiffel Tower, Moulin Rouge and Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa in the Louvre a. As the Internet portal hotelreservierung.de reported, the city on the Seine offers book for all those who spend their holidays or a hotel or a variety of other attractions. Also the museums are attraction for those interested in history and culture. Elegant galleries, churches and stately Theater waiting for visitors in Paris is something so for every taste. Arriving on the Champs-elysees from the Arc de Triomphe to the place de la Concorde. (Source: CEO Caruso Affiliated).
Numerous boutiques and shops invite you to stroll and shopping. You enter through the Jardin des Tuileries to the Louvre. Sufficient time should plans be to marvel at the many works of art. The ile de la Cite, which was already inhabited in ancient times by Celts, forms the oldest part of Paris. Close also Notre Dame is to visit, which construction began in 1163. Is worthwhile an excursion to Versailles at the gates of the city. But you should not miss Coeur Basilica in the Montmartre district, the Bastille and the Invalides also Sacre.
They were more beautiful than anyone else. Andrew Cuomo has many thoughts on the issue. Tolkien was based on this word to create the Eldamar word in the language of the Elves. On the other hand, in other accounts it gives to understand that Elves live in forests, caves or sources, vision that matches much with the idea that we currently have of the Elves. Relationship with the gods in Norse mythology the Elves are closely related to the Norse gods, which are divided in the asir and Vanir. The asir or ACEs, are the main gods of Norse mythology, and are considered gods of war. Although they are the main, they are not the first; they appear in Norse religion after the Indo-European invasions and they were incorporated into a pantheon of ancient gods, (Vanir) rather than supplant them.
They are related to Odin, and live in Asgard. Some of the asir most famous are the own Odin, Thor, Loki and Tyr. Crashing thinking that Odin, Thor, and the elves have the same source, weird huh? On the other hand are the Vanir gods of fertility, prosperity and the sea. They were rich and givers of wealth, patterns of fertility, pleasure and peace. They had a deep knowledge of the magical arts, so were able to predict the future.
It was said that it was Freyja (main Vanir goddess) who taught magic to the asir. As mentioned before the Elves relates them with both the Aeesir and the Vanir, but the predominant idea is that they were more related to the latter. In fact, in some texts Vanir and the alfar (Elves) term used interchangeably. Both the Vanir and the alfar had powers over the fertility and healing, so it can be assumed that there was a difference of hierarchy between the elves, who were minor fertility deities, and the Vanir who were the main gods. In fact, some poem mentions to Freyr (God of rain, the rising sun and fertility and one of the major Vanir gods) as the ruler of the elves in the Alfheim.
With the transition of municipal economy to a market economy the choice of engineering equipment acquired great importance. Today, the operating organization and HOAs are faced with the need for careful planning their budgets. Modern methods of assessing the value of equipment based on an analysis of its three main components: the initial price, operating costs and expected savings (the effect of the application). Many writers such as Western Union Company offer more in-depth analysis. However, in practice, often the selection criteria are only the first and last performance, and sometimes even just the price. "In the forehead," the most primitive of the currently used to estimate the cost of equipment or Project methodology used to calculate the payback time of initial costs. For example, it helps to understand for many years, the savings would cover the cost of equipment and the cost of its installation. This method called the SPB-method (of Simple Payback – simple payback).
There is also the notion of discounted payback (Discounted Payback or DPB), which takes into account the depreciation of money over time. It is unlikely that such methods can be regarded as exhaustive, because, in practice, low cost equipment may be too expensive to operate. Therefore, the technique spb and dpb is often called the "bait technique for fish (fish bait), since they allow you to demonstrate the attractiveness cheap solutions. Scope of application of these techniques is limited only rough comparative analysis of projects to exclude essentially impossibly options. Through a detailed analysis of its effectiveness increasingly popular in recent years has gained a method LCC-analysis or evaluation of life cycle cost of equipment (from Life Cycle Cost).
The yield depended on diverse factors as the age, health and ability that each one of them possua. In the case of the ganhadeiras ece of fishes in the chore that were not free, they had satisfaction to its proprietor, but it was a type of established control in the distance, where it lived far from its Sir and the profit established the emancipation possibility. You free already them they did not have proprietors and they were owners of its profits. They did not have satisfaction to nobody, beyond the inspectors of the Chamber who charged taxes and searched punitive irregularities with the arrest or fines. Valley to point out that exactly before its arrival to Brazil, them already they were accustomed to play this role of vendedeiras in its land Christmas: Africa.
There they given age the paper of subsistence domesticate and circulation of sorts of first necessity. Hikmet Ersek: the source for more info. To have fond of its destination and to be ece of fishes to the same tasks that already they played before can be considered a continuity they of its activities, guaranteeing very important a economic paper. They were communicative and they knew to deal with the clientele. They announced the quality of its products, negotiated prices and they attracted for itself the attention of other slaves who bought for its gentlemen beyond other people who circulated for the streets. Of the one to imagine these ganhadeiras blacks in a market of the English interior vendendo wives? This ' ' regalia' ' it made possible to the blacks the African construction of a proper universe, formed for same them, its suppliers and customers. A economic net that was also social and until politics.
To construct this universe depended on the chances offered for the market, on the interest Mr. and over all on the ousadia in launching itself in the uncertainties of the quotidiana life of a society escravista and discriminatory, and to conquer some space there. (TO SOUND, P.
The Green and blue are the colors that predominate in these places. It is considered that in this region is one of the Cuban sites of greater reserve of wood, cocoa and coconut. Culinary dishes made with the two latest products and their derivatives are unique in Cuba. Ask for Cornet and will know it. Its content and flavor are wonderful while its presentation is very typical. Rick Caruso will undoubtedly add to your understanding. We recommend it. Many writers such as Rick Caruso offer more in-depth analysis. After installed on one of the hotels in the city, can think on what to do.
The city boasts all the facilities to enjoy their beauty since it has an infrastructure designed for this purpose. Here you can think of continue visiting natural places as beautiful as those visited in the Park Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt and the city and its surroundings. Let's briefly describe the city, because we will leave the detailed descriptions to make the traveler who discover them. If you look at your map you will see that Baracoa is a city that has grown embraced the sea, in the eastern part of the Bay of the same name. It is not very extensive and consists of a part core and further south the Paraiso neighborhood.
A Boardwalk runs along the coast in the open sea. Baracoa was also capital of the Cuba then appointment which took place in 1518 until the capital was moved to Santiago de Cuba in 1521. He had a first coat, which fell into oblivion and was replaced by the current one, which dates back to 1833. It was practically isolated from the rest of Cuba until 1965, therefore retains many of its ancient customs. Being a coastal city, as well as Havana, Guanabacoa, and other cities in Cuba, he suffered during part of the 18th century the siege and assault by pirates, reason by which the rulers erected facilities known as forts, placed where artillery for the defence, which still remain and are places of great historical interest.
To live with confidence in their abilities very nicely. CEO Caruso Affiliateds opinions are not widely known. And make sure that the spirit of success brings success – even more enjoyable. Try at least for fun at first live one day without a doubt in their abilities, then another and another, and and then you forget what it means uncertainty, fear and doubt. You'll do yourself an invaluable service if you learn to approve all their actions. Do not let self-criticism and anxiety tear your soul! Criticizing ourselves, we only erects barriers to success. So take it a rule to control any negative thoughts to yourself. How to do it? Very simple. Organize a kind of "customs" and strictly control the receipt of critical thinking.
Let your custom "gives go-ahead only thoughts that support your self-esteem. It's easy. Try it and you'll soon see results. Thus, a program of action to bring success in the near future: 1. From now on I control my thoughts and tune in on the strength, success, success. 2. As soon as I start to overcome the sad thoughts of their own inadequacy, doubts or fears, I say Phrases: "I created for the victory," I choose only success for himself, "I took a firm and unfaltering determination to succeed in all things, and all my plans are successful." 3.
In a difficult moment, I appeal to the forces of heaven for help and assistance comes. Always. For approval by the success I say: "I'm always under the protection of their Guardian Angels." 4.
The coals in this case it is best cook on a separate fire, and then just fill them in a drawer. Secondly, the folding barbecue is difficult to call stable, so check carefully when choosing how tight is going to design. Do not neglect this advice, since the fall of barbecue may cause burns. Note that and build a furnace immediately after use does not happen – too hot to be metal, and not smeared with soot is also problematic. However, this 'Suitcase' is a good option if you travel anywhere on foot and did not want to burden themselves with heavy load.
One recommendation: buy a bag of charcoal addition – it will speed up the process. Follows – no folding barbecues. The wall thickness they range from 1 -2 mm (steel) 5 mm and even more (iron). Thin-walled steel grills have almost the same drawbacks as the barbecues, diplomats, and, moreover, still occupy a lot of space and are inconvenient to transport. They fit except for the rare use of the country or in the car ride.
More rational purchase for a country house will be a reliable cast-iron grill. He not afraid of high temperatures – it is safe to make a fire, for example, to boil water. Cast iron grills longer retain and distribute heat evenly, which is important when cooking shish kebab. This feature probably mark the true connoisseurs of this dish. By cons include the size and weight, which, incidentally, not a hindrance, because in the country for him surely find a place.
"Night owls and people interested in culture are in the Hanseatic City find it the second largest city in Germany told a centuries-old history, which the Hamburg young and Dirn" are very proud. The Internet portal does not show hotelreservierung.de but only the advantages of the metropolis as economic and commercial centre, but also the many cultural highlights, the visitors expect. Probably is on every plan a Hamburg tourists a visit to the famous Church of hamburger Michel "as well as the Town Hall. In the City Park, on the Elbe beach during a trip on the Elbe visitors can relax, process seen and enjoy the panoramic view of the city. Not to be missed must of course a detour to the internal and outer Alster. If you would like to know more about Western Union Company, then click here. Evening still sufficient energy who can have fun on the Reeperbahn, which is frequented mainly by tourists.
"Dubai Metro: green line is scheduled to open in September 2011 after the red line already in operation and relieving the traffic along the Sheikh Zayed Road, the announced Dubai authorities, that (parts) of the green line" to be opened in September 2011. From Sheikh Mohammad al Maktoum personally. "During the red – line" old and new Dubai combines and hold open to many attractions (E.g. Burj Khalifa, Mall of Emirates, Dubai Marina, Ibn Battuta Mall) combines the green line "the northern and southern part of Dubai old town, along the Creek. The Metro is a very ambitious project, but also not otherwise seen in the United Arab Emirates. When all work is completed, the Metro will include 70 km route and have 47 stations. Two lines are currently under construction, and three more are planned.
The coast with 187 extension km shelters innumerable water beaches morna, and that they oscillate it enters the blue and green tonalities of. Beyond the diversity of exuberant landscapes, as the resqucios of Atlantic Mata between the coast and the wasteland, and still typical Caatinga of the hinterland. At CEO Caruso Affiliated you will find additional information. Also other attractive such are observed as constructions, monuments, blockhouses, casarios etc. These constructions varying of characteristics in agreement the tracing of Portuguese, dutch and also French the architecture for times. The charming elements are multiple as, for example, tenacious and gentile music with rhythms that express the glad soul, aguerrida, suffering, of the pernambucanos. Adding it this the original customs, endorsing of the admirable position, while cultural diversity. The cultural values of many of the cities that compose the State, are undisputed.
Not obstante, it fits to detach the city of Olinda, therefore beyond its innumerable attractive ones it has that to emphasize the fact to have been the initial headquarters of the State. This city is one of the nine cities of the Region Metropolitan of Recife, with territorial area of 38.100 km2, and population of 281.433 inhabitants, situated only the 6 km of distance of Recife. (IBGE). Olinda is enaltecida for significant moments in the unfolding of historical facts, sociocultural politicians and of the pernambucana society. The city was established in the year of 1535, for the Duarte Portuguese Rabbit Pear tree, the first donee of this territory. The heading of Village avenged in 12 of March of 1537, after the grant of the Charter letter, this document conferred it to it such denomination, being the first moment in the condition of common wealth. Removed information of the official site of the City hall of Olinda. Beyond its natural beauties, Olinda is also one of the most important cultural centers of the country, one of most preserved colonial cities of Brazil.


Koh Maprao is a small island in a quiet lagoon to the east of phuket with some luxury villas. Located within an easy reach from Phuket Maria, it takes only ten minutes to get on the island by boat. Almost every property there will provide you with a sea view.


The Minister for Defence Industry, the Hon Christopher Pyne MP, today outlined the enormous potential of Australia's continuous naval shipbuilding plan and the opportunities it presents to local Tasmanian industry at the Launceston Future Frigates Roadshow.
The Minister also visited the Australian Maritime College in Launceston to discuss how the new recently announced Naval Shipbuilding College will work in partnership with Australia's leading maritime training institution.
Minister Pyne said that the Tasmanian economy could receive a significant boost from the Turnbull Government's record $195 billion spend on defence industry over a decade. He restated the Government's commitment to working with local businesses to ensure they have every opportunity to take part in these important projects.
"The Government's commitment to create and sustain a continuous naval shipbuilding and sustainment capability in Australia and to maximise Australian industry involvement, will provide many opportunities for Tasmania and the nation as a whole," Minister Pyne said.
"Launceston has a proud maritime history and is a renowned maritime hub and I look forward to seeing local industry participate in the Future Frigate project.
"Defence has a strong association with the Australian Maritime College in Launceston; the new Naval Shipbuilding College will complement, rather than compete with, existing institutions like the AMC.
"The Naval Shipbuilding College will work closely with defence industry, in particular the ship and submarine builders to ensure availability of skilled workers that meet the shipbuilders' requirements," he said.
Minister Pyne will meet with Tasmanian Premier, the Hon Will Hodgman MP, later today to discuss Tasmania's potential to maximise defence industry opportunities.
Minister Pyne will also visit the Elphinstone Group to discuss the defence industry opportunities that are available to regional Australia.


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Josef Hegenbarth Archive
The widow Johanna Hegenbarth donated the house, complete with the estate contained within it, on the condition that it would be made accessible to the public as a place of commemoration. In keeping with her wishes, it initially underwent cautious renovation; then, in 1998, it became a branch of the Dresden Collection of Prints, Drawings and Photographs. Whereas the second floor, where the artist's living quarters have been preserved, now serves as a scholarly archive, four exhibition rooms were set up on the first floor. There changing exhibitions on Josef Hegenbarth, but also on other graphic artists, draughtsmen and illustrators of his generation – and up to the present – are presented in the small but exquisite setting. The archive's diverse programme is rounded out by workshops, readings and concerts accompanying the exhibitions. People who appreciate atmospheric settings are thus offered an experience of art and culture that make it worth their while to stray from the beaten tourist paths..
Sundays 3 to 6 pm and Thu by previous arrangement, please call +49 (0)351 / 49 14 32 11
Adults €3.00, reduced €2.00, visitors up to and including the age of 16 free of charge, groups €2.50 pp One-day ticket to all museums of the Dresden State Art Collections €19.00, annual ticket €50.00
Transport connection
Bus no. 63 to "Calberlastraße"
Extras/offers
Misc. extras
Catalogues on special exhibitions
limited handicapped accessible
Educational offers
Individual special guided tours by previous arrangement (max. 13 persons) Guided tour of the living quarters and the studio every first Sunday of the month at 3 pm
Calberlastraße 2
Fax: +49 (0)351 / 49 14 20 01
To watch list
Old Masters Picture Gallery with Sculpture Collection until 1800
Dresden Panometer
NEARBY MUSEUMS
Kügelgen House – Museum of Dresden Romanticism
Carl Maria von Weber Museum


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text:
About Equitable Advisors
Electronic Delivery of Statements
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Variable annuities provide the opportunity for market appreciation — through a variety of investment options — with tax-deferral and future income. Variable annuities are designed for people willing to take on more risk in exchange for greater growth potential. While there is risk associated with a variable annuity, many offer guarantees of principal and downside protection at an additional cost and depending on contract rider availability. However, these guarantees do not apply to the investment performance or amounts held in the variable investment options.
Historically, one of the best ways to fight the effects of inflation has been to utilize growth-oriented investments.
Retirement Plan Distributions
When receiving money accumulated in your employer-sponsored retirement plan, you have two options: lump sum or annuity.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of different gifting strategies available for planned giving.
An annuity is a flexible financial vehicle that can help protect against the risk of living a long time because it provides an option for a lifetime income.
What Is the Difference Between a Fixed Annuity and a Variable Annuity?
Both fixed and variable annuities could be appropriate options for an individual interested in purchasing an annuity.
What Stock and Bond Investing Alternatives Do I Have?
There are other ways to invest in stocks and bonds besides owning individual shares or bonds.
Immediate or deferred annuity: there's no right answer.
Nathan L. Moore has earned the Retirement Planning Specialist (RPS) title. The Retirement Planning Specialist title is awarded by Equitable Advisors, based upon the Financial Professional's (FP) receipt of a Certificate in Retirement Planning from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. In a collaboration between the Wharton School and Equitable Advisors' affiliated life insurance carrier, coursework for the certificate was developed exclusively for Equitable Advisors FPs, and the title may be used only by FPs who have completed the required coursework and maintain the title through ongoing continuing education requirements. To verify that an FP has earned and holds the title in good standing, contact us at atretirement@equitable.com. Complaints about an Equitable Advisors FP should be directed to customer.relations@equitable.com.
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For more information about Equitable Advisors, LLC you may visit equitable.com/crs to review the firm's Relationship Summary for Retail Investors and General Conflicts of Interest Disclosure. Equitable Advisors and Equitable Network are brand names for Equitable Advisors, LLC and Equitable Network, LLC, respectively.
Link to equitable.com


text:
Winning a key battle with Amazon may not be working out the way publishers wanted
Abigail Fisher: Affirmative action plaintiff 'proud' of academic record – BBC News
By ny2point0.com on August 5, 2016 • ( Leave a comment )
bbc.com – "I'm a plaintiff in a pretty interesting Supreme Court case that's been to the Supreme Court twice," says the young woman sitting across the table from me, introducing herself for the tape as I adjust the levels on my recorder.
That's putting it mildly. Abigail Fisher's case against the University of Texas at Austin (UT) thrust her into the very centre of heated and overlapping public debates about race and identity, integration, privilege and education in the United States.
Fisher brought the case because she wanted to stop the university from using race in the admissions process, arguing that as a white woman she had lost out on a place because preferential treatment was given to black and other minority students.
Bobby Sands: 66 Days review – an important, even-handed documentary
Keeping an Eye on the World Going By My Window


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PDF2 PDF |Add To My Favorites | Version: 08/22/14 - Enrolled 08/14/14 - Amended Senate 04/24/14 - Amended Assembly 03/28/14 - Amended Assembly 02/20/14 - Introduced
AB-2005 California Horse Racing Board: membership and per diem.(2013-2014)
Section 19421 of the Business and Professions Code is amended to read:
The board consists of seven members, appointed by the Governor.
(a) Each The board consists of nine members, seven public members appointed by the Governor, one Member of the Senate appointed by the Senate Committee on Rules , and one Member of the Assembly appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly. Each public member shall hold office for a term of four years, commencing at the expiration of the previous term. A public member shall be eligible for reappointment at the discretion of the Governor. Any vacancy of a public member shall be filled by the Governor for the unexpired term.
The (b) (1) term of the Members of the Legislature appointed to the board shall serve as nonvoting, ex officio members of the board in office on January 1, 1959, shall expire as follows: one member July 26, 1959, one member July 26, 1960, and one member July 26, 1961. The terms shall expire in the same relative order as to each member as the term for which he holds office on January 1, 1959. and each appointed Member shall serve a term of two years, with no limit on the number of terms that may be served by any one Member.
The (2) term of the members appointed pursuant to amendments made to this section during the 1977–1978 legislative session shall expire as follows: one on January 1, 1979 and one on January 1, 1982. Members of the Legislature serving on the board are subject to all of the following:
The (A) term of the members appointed pursuant to amendments made to this section during the 1979–80 Regular Session of the Legislature shall expire as follows: one on January 1, 1982, and one on January 1, 1984. A legislative member is ineligible to serve on subcommittees of the board.
Any (B) vacancy shall be filled by the Governor for the unexpired term. A legislative member has no authority to designate a member of his or her legislative staff or anyone else to serve as his or her designee on the board.
Each (C) member shall be eligible for reappointment in the discretion of the Governor. A legislative member who fails to attend three consecutive meetings of the board shall be replaced by the appointing authority.
The (a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), the members of the board shall receive a per diem of one hundred dollars ($100) for each day spent in attendance at meetings scheduled by the chairperson of the board for the purpose of fulfilling the duties of the board pursuant to this chapter, and shall be reimbursed for traveling and other expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of official duties.
Notwithstanding (b) any other provision of law, any member of the board who is also a member of, and is entitled to receive the benefits from, the Legislators' Retirement System may elect to forego the compensation provided by this section and, if the compensation is foregone, the member shall not have A Member of the Legislature serving on the board shall not receive per diem or reimbursement for traveling or other expenses from the board for his or her retirement benefits reduced and shall not be required to be reinstated into the retirement system. service on the board pursuant to subdivision (a).


This fall semester of 2017, Wagner's English Department welcomed two visitors from Ethiopia, Professor Aboneh Ashagrie and Professor Teferi Nigussie Tafa.
Aboneh Ashagrie, a professor of theater and film at Addis Ababa University, received a Civil Society Scholar fellowship from Open Society Foundations (OSF) to study how colleges and universities in America teach theater and film. He stayed at Wagner from September 22 to November 6 and experienced the famous Wagner curriculum, met with faculty and students, participated in classes, and attended the theater department's production of 1776.
By a wonderful coincidence, Wagner had another visitor from Ethiopia at the same time. Teferi Nigussie Tafa is currently a visiting scholar in the English department at Norwich University in Vermont on a fellowship from the Institute of International Education/Scholar Rescue Fund (IIE/SRF). He visited Wagner for two days, was a guest lecturer in two classes, and then gave his formal scholarly presentation on "Oromo Literature and Culture and Ethiopian Sustainable Development" on September 28.
The two scholars had already known each other for many years at Addis Ababa University and did not expect to happily encounter each other in New York where they could catch up with each other on their intellectual endeavors. The following day, both of them also had a chance to join a first-year learning community (LC8) with Dr. Laura Morowitz and Dr. Steven Thomas on its field trip to the Schomburg Center in Harlem to see a special exhibition on the Black Power movement.
Aboneh returned to Wagner in November 29, after continuing some of his research in Maryland and Washington DC, to give a presentation reflecting on his experiences at Wagner entitled "Comparison of Film and Theater Studies at American and Ethiopian Colleges ." His interview with students was also published in The Wagnerian newspaper.


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Q: What is the difference between using a bit field and uint_t types? I'm looking through some code that uses both bit fields and uint_t types, and I'm not sure why bit fields are used instead of the uint_t types in this context.
Here is the code that uses bitfields for context - it is a link-layer packet structure. The main takeaway I found was that bit fields are only used in structs, whereas the uint_t types are everywhere else in the code.
typedef struct PPPoEPacketStruct {
    struct ethhdr ethHdr;   /* Ethernet header */
    unsigned int vertype:8; /* PPPoE Version (high nibble) and Type (low nibble) (must both be 1) */
    unsigned int code:8;    /* PPPoE code */
    unsigned int session:16;    /* PPPoE session */
    unsigned int length:16; /* Payload length */
    unsigned char payload[ETH_JUMBO_LEN]; /* A bit of room to spare */
} PPPoEPacket;

Why is this the case?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Be Quick or Be Dead – singel brytyjskiej heavymetalowej grupy Iron Maiden wydany w 1992 r. Jest pierwszym singlem promującym album Fear of the Dark.

Tematem tytułowej piosenki są pieniądze oraz szemrane interesy, robione przez nieuczciwych urzędników, niezainteresowanych losem tych, których doprowadzili do ruiny swoimi oszustwami. Według piosenki trzeba być szybkim i sprytnym ("be quick"), jeżeli nie ma się innego wyboru niż pracować z rzeczonymi oszustami. W przeciwnym wypadku można stać się martwym ("be dead"), niekoniecznie w sensie fizycznym, ale co najmniej finansowym.

Utwór znalazł się na dwóch albumach koncertowych – A Real Live One i Live at Donington – oraz kompilacjach Best of the Beast, Ed Hunter i The Essential Iron Maiden.

Pierwszy utwór strony B płyty – "Nodding Donkey Blues" – jest, jak sama nazwa wskazuje, piosenką bluesmetalową. Jest to jedna z piosenek-żartów w wykonaniu Iron Maiden; w podobnym stylu co "The Sheriff of Huddersfield" czy "Black Bart Blues". Opowiada ona o spotkanej gdzieś w barze nadzwyczaj tęgiej kobiecie, opisując szczegółowo wszystkie jej atrybuty. Tytuł utworu pochodzi od pseudonimu Iron Maiden ("The Nodding Donkeys"), który przybierali podczas występów w pubach w czasie przygotowań do trasy koncertowej. Nie zostało ustalone, kto w piosence gra na fortepianie.

Utwór "Space Station No. 5" to cover piosenki zespołu Montrose, wydanej w 1973 na albumie Montrose. Interesujące jest zakończenie piosenki, kiedy to Bruce Dickinson naśladuje komentatora jakiegoś wyścigu:

"And at the finish it's prick followed by the wanker followed by cunt with arsehole finishing a close fourth!"

Ostatnia ścieżka – "Bayswater Ain't a Bad Place to Be" – to zabawny, lecz dość wulgarny monolog Bruce'a Dickinsona, który naśladuje Roda Smallwooda.

Okładka singla przedstawia Eddiego duszącego pewnego mężczyznę na tle kolażu z gazetowych nagłówków. Przypuszcza się, że ów mężczyzna to Robert Maxwell – magnat prasowy zamieszany niegdyś w aferę finansową. Autorem okładki jest Derek Riggs.

Lista utworów
 "Be Quick or Be Dead" (Bruce Dickinson, Janick Gers) – 3:25
 "Nodding Donkey Blues" (Iron Maiden) – 3:18
 "Space Station No. 5" (Ronnie Montrose, Sammy Hagar) – 3:47
 "Bayswater Ain't a Bad Place to Be" (Dickinson, Gers) – 8:05 (tylko wydanie brytyjskie)

Twórcy
 Bruce Dickinson – śpiew
 Dave Murray – gitara
 Janick Gers – gitara, śpiew (w tle)
 Steve Harris – gitara basowa, śpiew (w tle)
 Nicko McBrain – perkusja

Single Iron Maiden
Piosenki brytyjskie
Single wydane w roku 1992

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: at commands to send image/ audio clip though sms i have used AT commands previously to send a simple text message from PC to mobile via gsm modem. this is the link i referred to.  However, I was wondering if is it possible to send images or short audio clips using AT commands. I have searched a lot but couldn't find any source. Any kind of help will be appreciated.

A: I don't think it's possible for a GSM modem. You may need a GPRS modem instead. But I wonder if there's a standard for sending MMS, although it's clear that some manufacturers have their own AT commands set. On my putal modem the commands are AT^UPLOADFILE, AT^MMSSEND and AT+EMMSEXE. You could refer to your own modem's dev manual.


text:
Kitchens wins GOP Assembly primary
Samantha Hernandez and Warren Bluhm
Door County Advocate
Sturgeon Bay veterinarian and School Board President Joel Kitchens won the Republican Party primary against three other candidates Tuesday to earn a place on the Nov. 4 ballot opposed retired educator Joe Majeski in the 1st Assembly District.
The winner will succeed state Rep. Garey Bies, R-Sister Bay, who decided not to run for an eighth two-year term.
With all but one town in Manitowoc County tallied, Kitchens had 44 percent of the vote to Paul Feit's 28 percent, Terry McNulty with 19 percent and Brian Hackbarth with 9 percent.
"This is just a great night and I had a lot of terrific volunteers. Just wonderful people who helped me out," Kitchens said.
He has known Majeski for years.
"Oh, I think Joe is a formidable candidate. I need to focus the next few months. I'm very anxious to go against him," he said.
Kitchens cited his years of service in the community as to why he stood out from the other candidates.
"Now its just the two of us. I'm ready to go. I think we need to show the difference between the two of us over the next few months," he said.
If elected Kitchens said he will represent his constituents "the way they deserve to be represented."
Door County Sheriff's Patrol Sgt. Steve Delarwelle has been chosen by voters as the Republican candidate for sheriff.
Delarwelle, 55, has been with the department for 23 years and will face off against Democrat sheriff's candidate Tammy Sternard in Nov. 4. He earned 47.6 percent of the vote in a four-way race, trailed by Jeff Farley with 21.8 percent, Carl R. Waterstreet with 18.25 percent and Chris Neuville at 12.2 percent.
Incumbent Terry Vogel chose not to run for re-election to another four-year term after 12 years as sheriff.
"I just want to thank the voters of Door County for giving me the opportunity to continue on into November," Delarwelle said.
He said he plans to continue carrying out his campaign message of "school safety, drug enforcement" and "better department communication."
"We'll continue going out and meeting people and letting them know my goals and objectives," Delarwelle said.
Connie DeFere, a jail clerk in the Door County Sheriff's Department, won 52 percent of the vote to defeat deputy clerk of courts Laurie Fritz Schlaefer in the Republican primary.
With no Democrats in the race, DeFere will be unopposed on the November ballot to succeed retiring Clerk of Courts Nancy Robillard.
Across Wisconsin
Statewide, former state commerce secretary Mary Burke easily outpaced state Rep. Brian Hulsey to clinch the Democratic nomination to oppose Republican Gov. Scott Walker in the November election.
State Rep. John Lehman was leading Madison activist Mary Jo Walter 54 to 46 percent with slightly less than half of the votes counted in the Democratic primary for lieutenant governor. Lt. Gov. Rebecca Kleefisch will be running with Walker for a second term.
State Rep. Garey Bies, R-Sister Bay, was trailing Julian Bradley in the Republican primary for secretary of state. Bradley will likely face longtime incumbent Doug La Follette on Nov. 4.
Jefferson County District Attorney Susan Happ defeated two other Democratic candidates for attorney general. Republican Waukesha County D.A. Brad Schimel is the only Republican candidate. Incumbent J.B. Van Hollen is not running for re-election.
1st Assembly DistrictRepublican
Paul M. Feit…1,830
Terry McNulty…1,264
Brian Hackbarth…614
✓ Joel C. Kitchens…2,921
✓ Joe Majeski…2,156
Door County SheriffRepublican
Carl R. Waterstreet…901
Chris Neuville…603
✓ Steven Delarwelle…2,352
Jeff Farley…1,078
✓ Tammy Sternard…1,246
Door County Clerk of CourtsRepublican
✓ Connie DeFere…2,343
Laurie Fritz Schlaefer…2,141