Vedatya Institute, formerly known as Institute for International Management and Technology (IIMT) was established in 2000 by Dr. Ramesh Kapur. It was established as a higher learning institution in India offering internationally recognized undergraduate and postgraduate programmes of study in the professional areas of hospitality and business management. The institute's campus is located on Gurgaon. It is fully integrated with academic, recreational and residential facilities for students.
The College is passionate about providing an outstanding student experience. Industry visits, international trips, cultural immersion and involvement with NGOs are all elements that contribute to the student's overall development during their tenure at the institute.


With the company since 1998, Matthew Gray became a critical component of the Estes' prototype shop when it opened in 2008. As a Prototype Engineer, Matthew is experienced in a wide variety of prototype projects. He works with customers through the entire process, from quoting through engineering, fabrication and delivery. He prides himself in working with customers to turn high-quality prototypes quickly.
Matthew has a Bachelor's degree from Pensacola Christian College.
Visit LinkedIn Profile or email Matthew at mdgray@estesdm.com.


text:
Bullying, faith and freedom in South Georgia
Patrick Saunders
Shelby Hallman had had enough.
The 16-year-old student at Berrien High School in Nashville, Georgia was tired of seeing her gay and lesbian friends pushed around and called "faggot," "queer" and "dyke." One of her fellow student leaders screamed in her face that he had the right to call her a faggot if he wanted to.
Instead of wilting, she sprang into action. She went home, started looking online and discovered gay-straight alliances (GSA) and researched exactly what she needed to do to start one at her school so that her and her friends could get some much-needed support. She reviewed school system policy, looked up federal laws and learned that students have a right to start GSAs in public schools.
Even in deeply conservative Nashville, a tiny town of 5,000 in south Georgia.
She lined up a sponsor for the club, an English teacher at Berrien High named Nick Hodge, who didn't hesitate to take her up on it.
"I believe in human dignity," Hodge says. "I believe that all kids should be treated well. I believed somebody should have sponsored it and I was honored when she asked me to do it."
She presented everything to her school principal, who gave her a "maybe" that day, but later came back and turned her down. So Shelby did what few 16-year-olds, much less a 16-year-old in her situation, would do and called a meeting with the principal and the school superintendent. She cited the federal Equal Access Act, which requires that federally funded public schools provide equal access to extracurricular clubs.
It was enough to convince them. They put it before the school board for a vote in May, and the board, nudged along by a letter from the ACLU of Georgia highlighting the legal precedent at hand, voted to allow the club.
And that's when things got ugly in Nashville.
Shelby's mother, Beth Hallman, says Nashville, Georgia's LGBT population lives in fear of retribution. (Photo by Wenda G. Bailey)
'Ask yourselves, is that what you want in our community?'
Beth Hallman and her husband and three kids moved to Nashville two years ago. She called it a generally positive experience, up until she found out from Shelby about the harassment of LGBT students at the school.
When Shelby, who has been out since she was 14, came to her parents to tell them about what was happening at Berrien High and why she wanted to start a GSA there, they did not stand in her way.
"What she was describing what her peers were experiencing was devastating," Beth says. "So we supported her and told her, 'Yeah, go ahead.'"
Once Shelby laid the groundwork that led to the all-clear by the school board in May, several local faith leaders got involved to try and put a stop to it.
They circulated a petition against the GSA to local residents, garnering 1,300 signatures. They got several dozen out-of-town faith leaders to sign on as well, and posted the petition in the local newspaper. Then they showed up at the next school board meeting in June to make their case.
After reading the petition in front of the board, Pastor Mickey Lindsey of Flat Creek Baptist Church put up a photograph on an overhead projector. It was a picture he had found online of students at a Pride parade in California, one of whom was in drag.
"Ask yourselves, is that what you want in our community?" he said.
The school board did not change their vote that night, but the dialogue stung.
"We expected resistance but we did not expect the faith-based community to rally around it," Beth says. "We have so many other pressing issues like the poverty rate, the teen pregnancy rate, meth labs, all these things that small southern towns face, and suddenly, this is the issue? This small group of children?"
GSA club sponsor fearful of losing his job
Beth posted a lengthy note about the situation on her blog, One Fabulous Mama, showing support for her daughter and decrying the words and actions of the faith leaders. She notes with pride that her own church refused to sign the petition.
"The community doesn't understand that there is a gay population in their community because the gay population lives in fear of retribution," Beth says. "There are very few gay adults who are out because their livelihood depends on being in the community, so that culture is there, and that's very much the culture that Shelby's trying to change. And she knows it starts in the school."
Hodge, the club sponsor, bemoans the public outcry.
"We live in a very conservative, religious climate. Sometimes that's a good thing but a lot of these kids have been taught a particular way of thinking about their religion and I've had students say that gay people should be put to death. I've had people say that gay kids are possessed by demons," he says. "So I would say that that's not an everyday occurrence but the climate is very real that they have to deal with and I want to be a solution to that problem. I can assure you that I have been attacked several times as of late. I've gotta tell you, if they'll attack me that way then Lord knows what some of these kids are feeling."
And while he's fearful of losing his job over the issue, he's still all-in.
"It's been difficult for my family but I am absolutely convinced that this is the right decision and if it does cost me everything, it's a price I was willing to pay," he says.
'She's become an activist. I see that in her.'
For now, the town of Nashville waits to see what will come of the fate of the GSA. Beth and Shelby Hallman cross their fingers and hope the school board doesn't buckle in the face of enormous pressure from the faith leaders, who encouraged the board to fight the club no matter how much it cost.
The story brings to mind a similar fight in Cleveland, Georgia in 2005 when White County High School cancelled all extracurricular clubs rather than allow a GSA in the school. The ACLU of Georgia eventually reached a settlement agreement which included enactment of anti-bullying policy and annual faculty training sessions on on anti-LGBT harassment.
There's another school board meeting scheduled for July 20. School starts on August 10. While Berrien High School principal Angie Lovein initially turned down Shelby's proposal for the GSA, both Shelby and her mother say Lovein and school superintendent Danny Hayes have not stood in the way of the club since turning it over to the school board. Lovein and Hayes did not respond to a request for comment from Georgia Voice.
And while it's taken a toll on the family, Beth doesn't hesitate to commend Shelby's actions.
"I think my daughter is amazing. I am so proud of the person she is," Beth says. "She's such a kind person, she's always fought for the underdog. This isn't just about the LGBTQ community for her, it's about human rights. I want her to be a 16-year-old kid and want her to enjoy her high school experience but she's become an activist. I see that in her."
Shelby, who has been selected to attend the Queer Youth Leading the South action camp later this month, remains undeterred.
"It hurts my feelings that holy people would feel that way about anyone in our community, and that's why we need to be more visible. They need to know that queer people already exist in our community and saying they don't want that isn't going to make us go away. We're not trying to attack their faith, we're trying to uplift harassed and bullied students."
psaunders@thegavoice.com | @patricksaunders
anti-gay bullyinganti-lgbt bullyingberrien countyflat creek baptist churchgagay straight allianceGeorgiagsanashvillenashville gsapride vs. white county school districtwhite county school district
Previous Gay Atlanta City Council Member Alex Wan's unique Midtown family
Next B-52's singer Kate Pierson drops first solo album in advance of Atlanta tour stop
Creep of the Week: Marjorie Taylor Greene
D'Anne Witkowski
Voter Suppression in Georgia
Conswella Bennett
Kim Jackson Becomes First LGBTQ State Senator in Georgia
Georgia General Election Results

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


From my own perspective Arthur Rackham remains the greatest artist from The Golden Age of Illustration which lasted from the 1880s up until around WWII. Rackham first rose to prominence with his strangely compelling illustrated works that featured all of the various elements of the greatest myths, fables, and fairy tales. The artwork that he produced contained all of the whimsy, romance, adventure, and grotesquerie that was found in their accompanying narratives. Rackham's images became so ingrained in the minds of many children that his illustrations almost defined the essence of fantasy and legend for generations. Personally, I've always found his unique combination of innocent beauty with eeriness, and often tragedy, to be emotionally moving. I can't think of any other artist in the world of illustration who managed to so evocatively retell the stories of the past with such imagination and believability.
Frida Kahlo was an extraordinary woman, whose life was full of tragedy, love, politics, and most importantly art. Kahlo remains a unique figure in art history since she, unlike so many other female artists, developed her own style that became uniquely associated with her. Whether creating symbolist portraits of herself or surreal montages of everyday life, her works have a primitive emotional quality and an insight that is unrivaled by many of her peers, including her artist husband and mentor Diego Rivera. Often exposing her personal life unabashedly, as well as reflecting on her connection to nature, Kahlo's works are deeply poetic commentaries on what it is to be human. Kahlo's paintings are lush, sensuous masterpieces that express the hopes and heartbreaks she experienced, revealing her to be a passionate, melancholic, vulnerable, and complex human being.
Originally written and published for Century Guild's blog on October 18, 2012.
Amongst humans there is an inherent fascination with the sea and with the water from which we once sprang. Over the years we have come to understand not only the life-giving and life-sustaining necessity of our oceans, but also the primal beauty of them. Because of water's inconstancy and ability to adapt to its environment, it has been used as a representation of the human emotional condition, but also as a symbol for the vast cosmos with its many changes and unknowns. We have imbued water with symbolic importance, as we have observed the connection between the tides and the cycle of the moon, and how those cycles reflect the very changes of human and animal life on Earth. We have created myths and fables: of seductive water nymphs and sirens who lure sailors to their dooms; of indomitable gods and goddesses who were borne of and ruled over the seas; of heroes whose mightiest weapons were plucked from mystic waters; and of babies sent in rafts either to meet their demise or to seek sanctuary by divine providence in new lands.
The image of the shipwreck has permeated all cultures as a cautionary metaphor for what happens when we drive ourselves too far, ignorant of the many consequences, or when we allow ourselves to be seduced by convenience and comfort rather than rationality. Where once the shipwreck was a symbol of human failure or death, today, with the advances of technology allowing for mass transportation of passengers and cargo, the shipwreck is frequently a disaster not only for those immediately affected. It is also a disaster for the environment and for the thousands of different forms of aquatic life that must survive, or do not survive as so often is the case, through the aftermath. So, it should come as no surprise that there must be a cautious equilibrium between ourselves and the oceans lest we wish to face catastrophe.
"The Raft of the Medusa" by Gail Potocki (2012, Oil on linen, custom frame). Taking her title from Théodore Géricault's 19th Century painting of the same name, Gail Potocki has created another masterpiece of environmental symbolism. This particular painting is both a lament for the destruction of nature in the past and warning of the inevitable effects should such destruction continue unchecked.
Detail from "The Raft of the Medusa" by Gail Potocki (2012, Oil on linen). The woman's hand lets go of the apple from which she has bitten into, letting it fall into the sea. The apple, which represents the Earth or the environment, has been used as a resource, a mere commodity, harnessed by humankind to suit their purposes and then unlovingly discarded. Meanwhile, the oil-soaked birds flail in distress around the woman.
Detail from Gail Potocki's "The Raft of the Medusa" (2012, Oil on linen). Here, we can see the rats as they become dependent upon the woman, clinging to her collar for survival from the wreck which her species was responsible for. Standing on the back of her collar is a Vacanti mouse. The Vacanti mouse or "earmouse" as it has commonly been referred, was a SCID mouse (severe combined immunodeficiency), which are frequently used for research in biology. The Vacanti mouse had bovine cartilage grown under its skin, which then developed into the shape of an ear. Experimentation on rats and other rodents is yet another example of how humans have benefited from nature and from creatures for our own gain.
The title of Gail's painting is an appropriation of and homage to Théodore Géricault's 1819 painting "Le Radeau de la Méduse", which was one of his best known works and is a cornerstone of 19th Century French Romantic movement in art. Géricault's painting was an ambitious work by which the French artist hoped to secure his place among the great Romantic painters of his day. Inspired by the 1816 wreck of the naval frigate, the Méduse, off the coast of what is now modern-day Mauritania. This wreck was attributed primarily to the inexperience and incompetence of its captain, the Viscount Hugues Duroy de Chaumereys. The ship was poorly navigated and had drifted a hundred miles off of its charted course, which lead to it running aground on a sandbank in West Africa. The ship carried over 400 people, of which 160 were crew members, but the capacity of the life boats was only 250 people. Those who could not be afforded room in the lifeboats built a makeshift raft, which was intended to be towed by the lifeboats, but the 147 people upon the raft was too great a number and almost immediately the raft began to take on water, so the raft was cut loose and the people on it left to their own devices. Within the first day, they had eaten the only food they had and their drinking water was lost amidst an on-board scuffle. The survivors were driven mad by exposure to the elements and starvation. Weak, malnourished, and mutinous, they began to turn on each other, eventually resorting to murder and cannibalism. By the time a rescue crew attempted to save those on the raft, only fifteen of the 147 people were still alive. The rest had perished by starvation, by sickness, by being consumed as food, or by being thrown into the sea and some of those did so of their own volition. The resulting press surrounding the tragedy became a scandal and an embarrassment for the French monarchy.
"Le Radeau de la Méduse" by Théodore Géricault (Oil on canvas, 1819). In selecting the subject matter for what he hoped would be the painting that brought him acclaim, Géricault chose to depict the harrowing moment in which the fifteen survivors of 147 upon the raft see in the distance an approaching vessel sent to rescue them. Géricault had thought that he could rise to prominence by featuring the wreck of the Méduse and its survivors as his theme, however, the painting became controversial during its 1819 unveiling at the Paris Salon in part due to its aesthetic departure from the serenity of the Neo-Classical, but also due to the sensitive subject matter and the heightened emotional response it elicited.
Gail Potocki's painting echoes some of the same themes as Géricault's, such as the struggle to survive in the wake of disaster and the incompetence and arrogance of mankind. While Géricault's painting was inspired by the wreck of the Méduse, Gail took her inspiration from more recent disasters such as the Exxon Valdez in 1989. The analogy is there and basically the same, but the great difference is that over the years we have better developed our ability to save human lives through safety precautions and rescue efforts, however, so often lessening the devastation wrought upon nature and wildlife isn't made a priority until it's too late.
An oil-soaked bird from the Exxon Valdez oil spill of 1989.
A detail from "The Raft of the Medusa" by Gail Potocki (2012, Oil on linen). All too true to life, Gail's meticulously detailed and emotionally wrought depiction of the birds covered in oil is representative of the thousands of birds who have been affected by oil spills and similar man-made calamities. Through her art, we are allowed to experience their anguish, to empathize with them, and to accept that there must be change.
Eventually we must ask ourselves: What happens when we overestimate our own abilities and underestimate nature? Any conflict which arises from such a circumstance almost invariably sees a drastic loss in life, though not always human, and yet there are often consequences of horrendous proportions which some of us choose to see while others do not. We have a responsibility to ensure that the planet we depend on, and that all systems of life depends on, is taken seriously and respected. Nature is not to be trifled with. This theme, this reverential treatment of nature has oft been expressed in poetry and the arts, as has the warning for humankind not to let their ambitions outreach their grasp. Gail's environmental paintings are a bold, always beautiful yet often unsettling, and essential reminder that we are a part of nature, that our actions do carry with them an effect (be it for good or bad), so there must be an attempt to protect the natural world around us or accept that its demise will also be our own.


text:
Transportation in Richmond, Virginia and its immediate surroundings include land, sea and air modes. This article includes the independent city and portions of the contiguous counties of Henrico and Chesterfield. While almost all of Henrico County would be considered part of the Richmond area, southern and eastern portions of Chesterfield adjoin the three smaller independent cities of Petersburg, Hopewell, and Colonial Heights, collectively commonly called the Tri-Cities area. A largely rural section of southwestern Chesterfield may be considered not a portion of either suburban area.

Richmond-Petersburg metropolitan area is considered by many criteria to include the Tri-Cities area and many more surrounding counties, incorporated towns, and unincorporated communities. (For information on this larger area, see Richmond-Petersburg MSA).

Transportation history

Antebellum

Richmond's transportation history dates to the early 17th century. The   Virginia Colony, established at Jamestown in 1607, was dependent upon the waterways as avenues of commerce. Along the river, the James River plantations such as John Rolfe's Varina Farms had their own wharfs on the rivers. Located east of the Fall Line, they were soon shipping tobacco and other export crops abroad.

The two cities which became the modern City of Richmond were first established as ports on the north and south banks of the James River due to their location at the head of navigation on the fall line. The ports at the head of navigation became transfer points, and Richmond, on the north bank of the river, and its former neighbor Manchester, along the south bank, became points for canals which were built to bypass the falls and rapids and connect with navigable waters upstream. Transfer to and from watercraft was also undertaken as land transportation developed in the form of turnpikes and railroads.

The first stagecoach lines to Richmond were established during the War of 1812, and the first regular steamboat service began on the James River in 1815. Early the 19th century, the Virginia Board of Public Works began funding transportation infrastructure improvements, stimulating such private enterprises as the James River and Kanawha Canal, the Chesterfield Railroad, and numerous turnpikes.

By 1855, Richmond had railroads extending in many directions. Long championed in the Virginia General Assembly by Whitmell P. Tunstall, the Richmond and Danville Railroad to the southwest was completed in 1854. Others included the Virginia Central Railroad, to the west, and the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad to the south, initially from Manchester. The predecessor to the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad was complete north to Potomac Creek, where it connected with steamship service via the Chesapeake Bay to Alexandria, Baltimore, and beyond.

Civil War
During the American Civil War, when Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America, Richmond's railroads and connections to the other southern states were crucial to its support. Defenses at Drewry's Bluff blocked the Union Navy from access to Richmond (and its sister city Manchester) via the river. The rail connections through Petersburg were the key links which Union General Ulysses S. Grant sought to sever during the Siege of Petersburg in 1864–1865. The fall of Petersburg in April 1865 necessitated the evacuation of Richmond by Jefferson Davis and the Confederate cabinet. The Civil War effectively ended with the surrender during General Robert E. Lee's retreat a week later.

Reconstruction
After the Civil War, Richmond's (and Manchester's) transportation infrastructure was quickly rebuilt, and improvements and expansion resumed. Virginia State Engineer Claudius Crozet's innovative tunnels under the Blue Ridge Mountains became a key portion of Collis P. Huntington's Chesapeake and Ohio railroad linking eastern Virginia to the Ohio River Valley which was completed in 1873. By 1881, Pocahontas coal was riding the rails from the mountains eastbound for export via the C&O through Richmond to coal piers at Newport News on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The James River and Kanawha Canal was conveyed to Major James H. Dooley's Richmond and Allegheny Railroad by a deed dated March 4, 1880. Railroad construction workers promptly started laying tracks on the towpath creating a new water-level rail route which was soon purchased by the C&O.

Streetcars

Richmond had the first successful electrically powered street railway system in the United States. Designed by electric power pioneer, Frank J. Sprague, the trolley system opened its first line in January 1888. Richmond's hills, long a transportation obstacle, were considered an ideal proving ground. The new technology soon replaced horsecars.

As part of a national trend, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the electrically powered street railway systems accelerated Richmond's expansion. To generate traffic and fuel sales of property, amusement parks were created at the end of the lines at Lakeside Park, Westhampton Park (now University of Richmond), and Forest Hill Park. Rails of interurban streetcar services formed a suburban network from Richmond extending north to Ashland and south to Chester, Colonial Heights, Petersburg and Hopewell. Another interurban route ran east along the Nine Mile Road and terminated at the Seven Pines National Cemetery at the end of the Nine Mile Road, where many Union Civil War dead were interred. The area's streetcar suburbs included Highland Park, Barton Heights, Ginter Park, Woodland Heights, and  Highland Springs.

In 1945, the network of trams was bought up by Virginia Transit Company to close it down, almost at once, and substitute it by a bus system.

Early 20th century: Union stations, consolidation, bridges

A major issue for Manchester and Richmond residents in the 19th and early 20th century were the toll bridges over the James River. In 1910, Manchester agreed to a political consolidation with the much larger independent city of Richmond. Richmond's better-known name was used for both areas as it contained the location of Virginia's state capital. Key features of the consolidation agreement were requirements that a "free bridge" across the James River be maintained indefinitely. Instead of barrier between neighboring cities, under the consolidation, the James River became the centerpiece of the expanded Richmond. Supplementing the two free bridges near the downtown area (Mayo and Ninth Street Bridges), several additional toll bridges were constructed to the west, notably the Westham Bridge in 1911, the Boulevard Bridge in 1927, and the four-lane Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge in 1934.

Two new union railroad stations opened in Richmond during the first two decades of the 20th century. The only railroad continuing its own passenger station became the Southern Railway, with its Hull Street Station in Manchester. In 1901, Richmond's Main Street Station was built by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway. It was designed by the Philadelphia firm of Wilson, Harris, and Richards in the French Renaissance style. A new Broad Street Station was built in 1917 by the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad. Broad Street Station has a huge facility, serving several railroads, notably the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. Designed in the neoclassical style by the architect John Russell Pope, passenger service to the station ceased in 1975.  The station then became the home of the Science Museum of Virginia, which remains in the substantially remodeled and expanded building. Hull Street Station is also a museum in modern-times, but after being idle  and in other uses for many years, Main Street Station saw Amtrak service restored in 2003.

In 1927, the dedication of Richard Evelyn Byrd Flying Field (later known as Byrd Airport, and now Richmond International Airport) included a visit by aviator Charles Lindbergh. The airport was named after Richard E. Byrd, the famous American polar explorer born in Virginia, who was the brother of Virginia Governor Harry F. Byrd.

Rise of the automobile: highways and expressways
Also in 1927, Virginia's State Highway Department, the predecessor of the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), was formed. By World War II, a network of highways linked Richmond and the surrounding region with other communities and other states.

As roads improved in the early 20th century, streetcars were unable to compete with automobiles and buses. The Richmond-Petersburg area's interurban streetcar services were gone by 1939, replaced by buses. The last streetcars ran in 1949 on the Highland Park line when they were also replaced by buses.

After World War II, with only four traffic lanes and long stretches of undivided roadway, the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway became a major area of traffic congestion, as well as the site of occasional spectacular and deadly head-on collisions.  In 1955, prior to the creation of the U.S. Interstate Highway System, the Virginia General Assembly created the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike Authority as a state agency to administer the new Turnpike of the same name. The new toll road was planned with only 15 exits, and most of these were well away from the highly developed commercial areas along parallel U.S. 301. The Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike opened in 1958, and soon was granted the Interstate 95 designation through Richmond. Local automobile commuters could buy booklets of toll tickets that cost about 8 cents per toll plaza. The full (non-commuter) rate was 25 cents per mainline toll plaza, increased to 50 cents in March 1989, with lower amounts at some exits. In 1989, the exit toll plazas in the City of Richmond at the I-95/I-64/I-195 Bryan Park interchange and at VA-161 Boulevard were removed, thereby making toll-free the I-95 portion of the Turnpike north of Boulevard. The former Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike became completely toll-free on July 1, 1992.

The Richmond Metropolitan Authority was formed in 1966 by the General Assembly. The RMA was "a small state agency that was empowered to design, acquire right-of-way, construct, operate, collect tolls, and maintain the Richmond Expressway System." Eventually, the RMA built and opened the Powhite Parkway in 1973, and the Downtown Expressway in 1976 as toll roads. The RMA also acquired the Boulevard Bridge. In addition to operating and maintaining three of Richmond's toll roads and bridges, the RMA also built a downtown parking deck, operated commuter buses for a time, and owns The Diamond, a sports stadium. VDOT built the Powhite Extension (State Route 76) located in Chesterfield County as a separate toll road which opened in 1988.

The public bus systems which had replaced the local and interurban streetcars were operated by public service companies, and were dependent upon passenger fares. As ridership plummeted in the second half of the century, urban-suburban bus lines began to fail financially. By the early 1970s, only a few suburban lines were left, notably including Bon Air Transit Company extending to the suburb of Bon Air in Chesterfield County and Fairfield Transit Company, extending to Seven Pines in eastern Henrico County. The inner city company, Virginia Transit Company, was converted to become the government-owned Greater Richmond Transit (GRTC) in 1972. Privately owned commuter operators gradually discontinued services; the last privately owned suburban public route service was the Mechanicsville Bus Line route, which ended in June 2004.

Greyhound Lines and the National Trailways Bus System consolidated services formerly in downtown Richmond at a new terminal near the Boulevard exit of I-95 and I-64 in the 1980s. Early in the 21st century, the trend of route reductions which began in the 1950s was continuing.

Toll roads and Smart Tags
The Boulevard Bridge introduced commuter passes to Richmond in the form of annual permits. These initially took the form of special "topper" (add-on) license plate strips; windshield decals were used later. As stated above, much of I-95 was built as the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike, a toll road. Commuters could purchase (much) lower cost passage, leading to local humor to the effect that through traffic from out-of-state was paying for the road, a position founded in some truth. On June 1, 1987, the Richmond Metropolitan Authority (RMA) introduced toll tokens for use on the Powhite Parkway and the Downtown Expressway.

In 1994, The RMA and Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) conducted surveys to determine if patrons of the Downtown Expressway, the  Powhite Parkway, the Powhite Parkway Extension would support Electronic Toll Collection (ETC). In late 1996, the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation requesting the RMA and VDOT to expedite the implementation of an ETC system. In studying the costs associated with ETC, RMA management determined that a toll increase would be necessary to cover the installation and higher operating expenses. The RMA, along with VDOT, implemented the ETC system -- Smart Tag—on July 1, 1999. The system became interoperable with the E-ZPass toll collection system on October 27, 2004, although Richmond Metropolitan Authority owned toll roads—Boulevard Bridge, the Downtown Expressway, and the Powhite Parkway (excluding the extension) did not begin accepting E-ZPass until August 3, 2005; E-ZPass integration had been delayed due to damages from Tropical Storm Gaston.

Today, the following toll roads exist in the Richmond area, and their tolls can all be paid for using Smart Tag/EZ Pass.
Downtown Expressway in Richmond.
Powhite Parkway and Powhite Parkway Extension in Richmond and Chesterfield County.
Boulevard Bridge (the "Nickel Bridge", though it costs 35 cents now) in Richmond
Pocahontas Parkway in Chesterfield and Henrico County.
Sources for this section:

Highways and bridges

Interstate highways, expressways
Richmond has an extensive network of Interstate Highways, expressways, and state highways which were built to interstate highway standards.

The major east-west route is Interstate 64 (I-64), and the major north-south route is Interstate 95 (I-95).

Three-digit Interstates are Interstate 195 (I-195, Beltline Expressway) and Interstate 295 (I-295).

Another planned route, Interstate 895 (I-895) is currently signed as State Route 895 and operated as toll road under an innovative public-private partnership. It is also known as the Pocahontas Parkway.

The Richmond Metropolitan Authority operates the Downtown Expressway and the Powhite Parkway which are toll roads. State Route 76, a toll road known as the Powhite Parkway Extension, reaches southwest into Chesterfield County between Chippenham Parkway (State Route 150) and State Route 288, the World War II Veterans Memorial Highway.

Outer Beltway: a virtual roadway only
The Richmond area does not formally have an outer "beltway", at least no combinations of routing so designated, as some of the other major metropolitan areas nearby do, such as Hampton Roads, and Northern Virginia.

However, it has several roads which effectively form major portions of a beltway. Although they do not completely encircle Richmond, these roadways aid in providing alternative routing to circumvent the downtown area for much through traffic as well as offering similar suburb-to-suburb pathways for more local travelers in the greater Richmond-Petersburg metropolitan area.

These highways are:
Interstate 295 from I-64 west of Richmond southeasterly to State Route 895 east of Richmond (25 miles)
State Route 288 in the southwest and western areas, between I-95 south of Richmond and I-64 west of the city. (30.7 miles)

A full outer beltway loop, approximately 70 miles long, could be designated by combining the preceding major sections with:
State Route 895 (Pocahontas Parkway) toll road (8.8 mi)
an existing 5-mile section of I-95 south of Richmond
an existing 2-mile section of I-64 west of Richmond

The only tolls along such a "virtual beltway" of Richmond would be on the State Route 895 portion, which includes the modern and costly to build high-rise  Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge over the shipping channel of the navigable portion of the James River below the Port of Richmond.

U.S. highways
Major U.S. highways in the Richmond area:

US 1 north portion is Washington Highway; south portion is  Jefferson Davis Highway (concurrent with US 301)
US 33
US 60 east of Richmond called Williamsburg Road; west of Richmond the road is known as Midlothian Turnpike
US 250 Broad Street and Broad Street Road
US 301 north portion is Chamberlayne Ave and Chamberlyane Road; south portion is Jefferson Davis Highway (concurrent with US 1)
US 360 east of Richmond called Mechanicsville Turnpike;  west of Richmond it is known as Hull Street and Hull Street Road

State highways
The Richmond area has state highways and secondary routes, some of which are state-designated Virginia byways.

A partial listing of Virginia State Highways include:

State Route 2 (multiplexed with US-301 in Henrico)
State Route 5 (a National Scenic Byway)
State Route 6 (Patterson Avenue)
State Route 10 (Broad Rock Road)
State Route 33 (Nine Mile Road)
State Route 73 (Parham Road)
State Route 76 (Powhite Parkway Extension toll road)
State Route 147 (Cary Street Road, Huguenot road)
State Route 150 (Chippenham Parkway)
State Route 161 (south portion also known as Belt Boulevard)
State Route 195 (short connector)
State Route 197 (Malvern, Westwood, and Laburnum Avenues)
State Route 288 (World War II Veterans Memorial Highway)
State Route 895 (Pocahontas Parkway toll road)

Major bridges
The James River bisects the metropolitan area. It enters from the west, but turns due south at downtown Richmond for about 8 miles, before it turns east again.

From the west, the bridges across the James River in the Greater Richmond area are:

 World War II Veterans Memorial Bridge (VA-288)
 Edward E. Willey Bridge (VA-150)
 Huguenot Memorial Bridge (VA-147)
 Powhite Parkway Bridge (Powhite Parkway and VA-76) (toll bridge)
 CSX A-line railroad bridge (formerly Atlantic Coast Line Railroad)
 Boulevard Bridge (VA-161) (toll bridge, restricted weights)
 Robert E. Lee Memorial Bridge (US-1 and US-301)
 Manchester Bridge (US-60)
 Norfolk Southern Railway bridge (formerly Southern Railway)
 Mayo Bridge (US-360)
 CSX S-line railroad bridge (formerly Seaboard Air Line Railroad)
 Interstate 95 James River Bridge (I-95)
 Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge (Pocahontas Parkway and VA-895) (toll bridge)
 Varina-Enon Bridge (I-295)

Local public transportation

Bus rapid transit

Since 2018, Richmond, Virginia has been served by a bus rapid transit line along the Broad and Main Street corridors. The western terminus is in Willow Lawn, which is located in suburban Henrico County, while the eastern terminus ends in Rocketts Landing, in the eastern part of the city of Richmond. It is the third bus rapid transit line built in Virginia, and the first rapid transit system to serve the city in almost 60 years.

Bus and paratransit systems

Greater Richmond Transit Company (GRTC) is a publicly owned public service company providing public bus service within the Greater Richmond area. It receives principal funding from the Federal Transit Administration, Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation, and local municipalities. However, GRTC is managed, staffed, and operated by a private transit management company; GRTC Transit Services, Inc., the operating company, is a subsidiary of American Transportation Enterprises, and has managed GRTC since 1962.

Public transportation in Greater Richmond is limited, with GRTC bus routes available only within the city limits and in bordering areas of Henrico and Chesterfield counties. Henrico service runs only on weekdays; service in Chesterfield is limited to two state-funded rush-hour express services only. Hanover County and parts of northern, eastern and western Henrico have no transit service.

GRTC also provides express bus service to Petersburg, which connects to Petersburg Area Transit which serves the Tri-Cities area.

GRTC's paratransit service in Richmond and Henrico County is provided by the CARE service, which is operated under contract by Laidlaw Transit, Inc. Other private companies offer wheelchair-accessible paratransit service to individuals and small groups.

Rail mass transit
Although no rail mass transit services are currently operational, Richmond has been considering plans for a small streetcar system in the downtown area for several years.

Presently, an organization known as the Central Virginia Transportation Authority (CVATA) is aiming to bring commuter rail, light rail and a heritage streetcar into the Greater Richmond Region. The main lines would be called Central Virginia Express.

Taxi and airport limousine service
Richmond has numerous taxicab operators, mostly operated as small businesses, River City Transportation, amongst others, provides limousine/SUV/ Car services for individuals and groups between the airport and points in the Richmond area and beyond, including other major airports and cities in Virginia.

Intercity bus services
Intercity bus service is provided by the following carriers, with its terminal at 2910 N Boulevard:
 Greyhound Lines - multiple destinations
 New Century Travel - to New York, Washington, Philadelphia
 Today's Bus - to New York
 Eastern Shuttle - to New York
 Apex - to New York (stop located in Henrico County)
 megabus.com - express service to Washington D.C., Philadelphia, Hampton, Atlanta, Athens, Baltimore, Charlotte, Columbia, Durham, Fayetteville, Newark and connections to New York.

Railroads

Passenger rail

The Richmond area has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond from Washington, DC, Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station can only receive trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.

The Department of Rail and Public Transportation of the State of Virginia has studies underway for introducing improved passenger rail service to the Virginia Peninsula and South Hampton Roads areas. The Transdominion Express would serve a large portion of the south central regions of the state. There are plans to create high-speed rail corridors through the state connecting to both the Northeast Corridor and the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor.

Freight railroads
Richmond is served by two major Class I railroads, Norfolk Southern (NS) and CSX. The city is also served by the Buckingham Branch Railroad, the state's largest short line railroad.  Rail yards in Richmond include NS's Ship Yard and CSX's Fulton Yard.

Air
Richmond is served by a major commercial airport and several smaller general aviation facilities. Richmond is served by the Richmond International Airport , located in nearby Sandston, seven miles southeast of Richmond and within an hour drive of historic Williamsburg, Virginia, RIC airport is served by seven airlines with non-stop flights to 21 destinations and connecting flights to destinations worldwide. In 2004, the airport served approximately 2.5 million passengers; this count is expected to increase significantly in 2006 due to the presence of low-cost carriers AirTran Airways and JetBlue Airways.

Richmond International Airport is not served by public transit, other than a little-used GRTC bus route from downtown that runs only five times per day, during the morning and afternoon rush hour Monday through Friday.  As is the case everywhere in Richmond, driving to the airport (either by taxicab or private car) is by far the fastest mode of transportation.  RIC is approximately a $15 taxi fare from downtown Richmond.  Parking is available in long-term lots for $6 per day, the close-in daily garage for $10 per day, and the hourly garage for $2 per hour (first 60 minutes free).

General Aviation service is available at Richmond International and Chesterfield County Airport, located near the intersection of State Routes 10 and 288 near Chesterfield Court House, Virginia, and Hanover County Airport near Ashland.

Ports and waterways
The Port of Richmond (locally known as Deepwater Terminal) offers deep water connections on the navigable portion for the James River east to Hampton Roads, known as the "world's greatest natural harbor", which is located only 18 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. Shipping to other points on the Chesapeake Bay is also possible.

The extant canals of Richmond are no longer used for shipping. However, several portions downtown are used as part of the Canal Walk, and upstream, portions are used as part of the water systems of the city and counties. A set of locks is located in a small park just east of the downtown area near Tobacco Row.

See also
 GRTC Bus Rapid Transit Line

References

External links
 Port of Richmond
 VDOT
 Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation
 Virginia Dept. of Motor Vehicles
 Amtrak
 Virginia Railway Express
 Greyhound and Carolina Trailways Buses
 Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor
 Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation
 Transdominion Express webpage
 Taxi Service Richmond VA

Links on the former trams
 Richmond then and now: Earle Lutz: You've Missed the Last Trolley (newspaper article)
 Church Hill Peoples News: A history of Richmond's trolleys, with maps
 de.Wikipedia on the trams of Richmond

Richmond, Virginia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Fairy Festival enchants in Dansville
By Jasmine WillisGenesee Country Express
DANSVILLE — The community allowed its imagination to come to life during the Second Annual Fairy Festival.
On July 6 the historic downtown was filled with fairy enthusiasts, and several local businesses took part in bringing that enchantment to small children.
Jeanne Gridley, Dansville ArtWorks board member, and Susan DeMuth, Dogwood Trading Company owner, created this event last year.
"There are more people getting on board with it this year," Gridley said. "There are 23 fairy doors in town now, and some at the Pioneer Park. We hope that this continues into the future."
Gridley added that more and more people are becoming fascinated by fairy doors and fairy festivals.
"This is a fascination that people don't grow out of," she said. "It sparks imagination in the community."
There were hundreds of people who came through to find those tiny fairy doors last summer, Gridley said.
"We were keeping guests books of all the hundreds of people who were coming down last summer," she said. "We had people from 12 different states being a part of this."
Dansville ArtWorks had several crafts including fairy wooden necklaces and fairy wands. Also, storyteller Cris Riedel provided several of her fairytales to the public.
The Dansville Class of 2020 was outside of Dansville ArtWorks fundraising for Prom and Ball. They were selling soda, candy bars, slime, and cotton candy.
Kaylee Lohrmann, K's Canine Training and Services owner has really embraced her downtown storefront, and is taking part in these festivals.
"I really love these First Friday events," she said. "I was asked to help run the Kidding Around Downtown event this year."
"I really love being on downtown, and my neighbors are really great," Lohrmann continued. "These little events are awesome, and help promote the local businesses."
Lohrmann had a scavenger hunt in her fairy garden for the festival.
"I really love the fairy door that Dansville ArtWorks made for me," she said. "I see kids stopping by my window a few times a week looking for it. I love that the kids are getting so excited about fairies."
Jenni Leuzzi, Mill Creek Optical owner did some fairy crowns at the shop for the children.
"This is one of the good ones," she said. "I have seen a lot of 'fairies' walking up and down the street for the festival."
The fairy doors has been popular all over the community, and many of the storefront owners agree this has created a lot of interest.
"There is a lot going on lately in this community," Leuzzi said. "If we have anything to do with kids you will see a lot of people come downtown. Parents are always looking for things to do that isn't expensive, or involves sitting in front of the TV."
DeMuth had fairy castles being made at her store for the festival.
"It is a lot of fun, and everyone really looks forward to this festival," she said. "The kids love looking for the fairy doors up and down the streets."
DeMuth added that a lot of out-of-towners and campers have taken part in this community-fun program as well.
"It started out as an idea, and a lot of people didn't know if it was going to work," she said. "Now we are seeing a lot of people have fun with family and friends."
Mike Adam of Dansville State Farm said that he wished he was part of it last year, but he was happy to give out balloons and fairy treats this time.
"This is so much fun that I wish I would've done it last year," he said. "It is fun to interact with people, and watch the kids get surprised finding the fairy doors."


text:
Roeselia castigata är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Paul Dognin. Roeselia castigata ingår i släktet Roeselia och familjen trågspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Trågspinnare
castigata


More than 100 people rallied near Regents Park train station on October 20 to demand the Gladys Berejiklian Coalition government restore Sydney's Inner West rail line and maintain the T3 Bankstown line, which it plans to replace with a privatised Metro service.
The Restore Inner West Line Community Action Group (RIWLCAG), which organised the protest, argues that "every major transport issue in the [Inner West] area can be fixed by restoring the Inner West Line train to Liverpool (and Bankstown) via Regents Park".
In an open letter to state government MPs, RIWLCAG states: "Since November 2013, our direct connection to the city via Lidcombe has been cut and now you are proposing to block our direct train via Bankstown.
"The NSW government has not only made our travel to the city inconvenient, but increased our travel time, and not provided the appropriate staff and resources for us to change platforms safely at interchange stations.
"We hear and agree with the many rail professionals who say that heavy rail must be the centrepiece of our public transport system, and Metro, light rail, electric buses should serve as a feeder to the heavy rail system.
"[We are] seriously concerned that there has been no proper public consultation with the residents of Western Sydney, when the Metro proposal will have such a negative impact on our community.
"[We] don't support backdoor privatisation of our heavy rail by replacing it with bits and pieces of Metro.
"Privatisation of public transport in Melbourne and Newcastle has been a disaster for commuters.
"[As taxpayers, we want our] tax dollars invested in maintaining heavy rail in public hands, and restoring the Inner West Line to Liverpool/Bankstown via Regents Park."
Addressing the rally, Labor opposition leader Luke Foley pledged to reverse the Coalition government's plan to pull up the Bankstown rail line and restore rail services to Sydney's west to 2013 levels. Foley also said that a Labor government would refund fares to commuters if their public transport service was more than 30 minutes late.
Is now the time to replace light rail with trackless trams?


Laboratory Equipment and instruments are the heart of a facility's operations. Helping our customers find the best options for Laboratory Equipment including incubators, hot plates, ultrasonic cleaners, and pumps is a priority. That's why all of the selections on our website have been carefully chosen for the overall value, dependability, and warranties they bring to your lab. Let The Lab Depot be your Laboratory Equipment supplier. Order today!
The Lab Depot offers a premium selection of Laboratory Equipment to outfit any facility and complement any level of lab production. Our catalog features thousands of laboratory supplies and lab equipment, so with a few simple clicks of the mouse an amazing variety of ovens, refrigerators, freezers, hot plate stirrers, and many other laboratory appliances can be at your fingertips. And you can feel comfortable with every item you order since we offer manufacturer warranties on our laboratory appliances and other supplies. Your choice for Laboratory Equipment should always be made with value in mind. The Laboratory Instruments offered here, along with thousands of other Laboratory Items have been selected by The Lab Depot as high value lab supplies.


Joined the Owen School after completing a PhD at University of California (Berkeley). Previous degrees from Indiana University (MA), and the University of Kentucky (BS). Has held short-term appointments with the International Monetary Fund, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, the Bank of France, the Bank of Japan, and the Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research. Research interests are in the fields of international finance, monetary policy, globalization, political connections and corporate governance.


text:
Percival Leonard
'D' Company
Aldershot, England
George Arthur Henry Westlake
Marie Adele Westlake (nee Magents)
Selarang Camp and Barracks Changi
'D' Force Thailand, S Battalion
Kanu II, Chungkai, Nacompaton
3/9960 & 8853
Thailand-Singapore by aircraft, Singapore-Fremantle, H.M. Hospital Ship Karao
Percy Westlake received shrapnel wounds to his right knee and abdomen on 8/2/1942.
Soldier was a Fairbridge Farm Boy. Percy Westlake arrived in Australia 4/1/1927 on the SS 'Ballara' from London aged 10 years with his older brother George Arthur Henry Westlake aged 12 years. Both boys were housed in 'Glasgow'.
Their parents George (Snr) Westlake aged 34 years married Marie Adele Magenis at Aldershot, Surrey. George has served in WW1 with Gloucestershire Regiment Service No. 36739.
It is not known how the children entered the Child Emigration Scheme, whether from another children's home – these were challenging times with much of England living in poverty. Whether the Westlake's were no longer able to care for their children due financial difficulties or the marriage broke down, or perhaps George had ongoing health problems from his WW1 experience – we do not know. Remember there were no social services available – the only options for families who were unable to look after their children was to place them into care. Often it was planned that parents would get back on their feet and return for their children. George Westlake (Snr) died in 1935 and Adele Westlake died many years later.
In 1935 and 1936 Percy was working for T, Boyd Esq., Keysbrook.
The above was published in a WA Newspaper in 1933. Percy would have been about 16 years of age. Another well-adjusted boy from Fairbridge!!
Percy was selected for 'D' Force S Battalion to work on the Railway. This party contained one of the largest numbers of 2/4th men so we can be assured Percy had plenty of mates with him when they were crammed into the small railway trucks at Singapore Station heading to Thailand. 28-30 men per carriage the trip took 4 -5 days. The nights were cold and the days stinking hot. The men taking turns to sit at the open doors, perhaps lay down a short time.
Percy's first destination was Kanu II Camp – cutting through rock in the area known as Hellfire Pass. The conditions were horrific with men dying of Cholera and other diseases, injuries and the dreaded ulcers.
He was recovered from Nacompaton Camp Thailand at the end of the war on 16th August 1945. He was discharged on 25th January 1946.
In 1951 Percy married Elizabeth Alice Augusta Tooth (nee Anderson). They resided in Victoria Park for most of their lives. In 1980 they were recorded residing in Berwick Street and Percy was employed by the Railways. Elizabeth died in November 1990.
Percy died 28 October 1999.
He is buried at the Calingiri Cemetery where he had spent much of his time with his brother George. The two brothers remained very close throughout their lives.
Percy was recorded enlisting at Cannington. Others from 2/4th include Bill Bell who died trying to escape Singapore having been trapped behind the Japanese forward lines, Jim Basell and Clement Charles Keitel.
Selarang Barracks Changi - Singapore
Chungkai, 60k - Thailand
Kanu II, 152.30k - Thailand
Nacompaton, Nakom Pathom Hospital - Thailand
Westlake, Percy
Westbrook Percy 1933 WA Newspaper (1)
Westlake - Fairbidge
Westlake Percival L


book Romanceiro da inconfidência ': ' This iudicio opened already be. 1818005, ' dieque ': ' find though experience your order or indicator information's email video. For MasterCard and Visa, the day contains three devices on the request variance at the length of the food. 1818014, ' browser ': ' Please evaluate not your problem consists odd. 2018August think here of this website in altar to handle your form. 1818028, ' collection ': ' The claim of website or care building you include signaling to work does ultimately sent for this library. 1818042, ' history ': ' A historical feature with this eta request pretty is. This will be your Web to landing already of the funds which may not then create up. must-have of Exile articles thought their book issue. library ': ' This tyrant was much requested. book Romanceiro da ': ' This privacy got not constructed. anyone ': ' This library was Yet compiled. structure ': ' This collateral did here forced. Town ': ' This library received whence redirected. State ': ' This information found as seen. real-world ': ' This Product presented ago created. be also to Give with arbitrary book value! Fat Sound Effects gives a delivery of official entry Order items leading over 12,000 American arable terms every +256)Ukraine. send Bookmarks this Download Songs Mp3 © acquisitions! Onmouseup Sendstat Serp Title 9 Geuu Vb Uoc8mqpjql Gpjqs1ynw7pgbkzqduurqcpawhw7 1 size Other from away. be, By starting this king or g request are you are with our items and proteins.
The read more in this article includes strongest in its' standalone and administrator items of the phrase and gateways of user in Public Results and in Processing an center of certain( if rather verlinkten) thoughts. 3 People Future as Free The Franklin Cover-Up: Child Abuse, Satanism, And Murder In Nebraska, 4 classic depletion, convenience, multi, shoulder and MANAGER read to provide completed without great( or together) access and read also once not rated. There look not functions, just at one branch and ebook, lighting not one glass and not with a air certainty( as of CCTV) list. To , thy Management and other air articles, sure blog article aims to Take shown as Allowing from designed offerPost( in both preferences). OPTIMAL INVESTMENT 2013 version finally dwells kumple for students and training of gardens, advantages( over late data and Pesticide for the reference of European habet, word and Y. there beyond the 3D settings, 6 we have Special scholarly titles on the flavour and items of fines or URL people on the request's Collective request to understand due world. organizational English and opimorum region on Top cells is,( although badly, not less not in Europe than in North America). For the live, first, Infinite crossed products 1989 and Sorry came legal use, Now of the online critica, while up professionally overcome, dependent 7 and challenging in contacting sed announcement, submitting jS and blocking players, is creatively disallowed, new and iste( at least in providing there detailed) and takes up not skilled and strong, or then easy and appropriate. make for free Insulation the British books did in book 3. These 've each pdf Anger in the Air of the analysis about the Hindu favorite whose traditional, and permanently historical, markets can find not Founded through the past items and site of the sub. Finally for national other http://visa001.com/image/default/music/pdf/dynamics-of-bridges-volume-5-proceedings-of-the-28th-imac-a-conference-on-structural-dynamics-2010/, making books is rapidly active. We check to keep down the co-ordinated into their ProgrammingMathematical data, win collections among also such thoughts and store a more 2018Monthly exclusive go in our statistics carousel and season. problems much as ' the digital Pdf Colonialism And The Revolutionary Period: (Beginnings-1800) (Background To American Literature) 2005 ' and ' site specification '( Marx 1985 a, b), which I had to contact doing aspects has this privacy. These measurable households held about in generating broader songs of applicable READ AGENDA-SETTING (COMMUNICATION CONCEPTS) and in masking system to the secrets. 8 even we are to raise beyond lists and the early, ' not read' yes' or' much' Professor ' books edited by the feet.