text:
MYRNA J. BERGER GOODMAN, TRUSTEE OF THE MYRNA J. BERGER GOODMAN TRUST VS RICHARD LA BARCA
On 02/20/2020 MYRNA J BERGER GOODMAN, TRUSTEE OF THE MYRNA J BERGER GOODMAN TRUST filed a Contract - Other Contract lawsuit against RICHARD LA BARCA. This case was filed in Los Angeles County Superior Courts, Spring Street Courthouse located in Los Angeles, California. The Judge overseeing this case is JAMES E. BLANCARTE. The case status is Pending - Other Pending.
*******1727
Spring Street Courthouse
JAMES E. BLANCARTE
MYRNA J. BERGER GOODMAN TRUSTEE OF THE MYRNA J. BERGER GOODMAN TRUST
LA BARCA RICHARD
LIPOFSKY LOUIS A
Defendant Attorney
NAVA ALFREDO
Notice (name extension) - Notice of demurrer hearing
8/20/2020: Notice (name extension) - Notice of demurrer hearing
Stipulation and Order (name extension) - Stipulation and Order to amend request for judicial notice
9/2/2020: Stipulation and Order (name extension) - Stipulation and Order to amend request for judicial notice
Declaration (name extension) - Declaration DECLARATION OF LOUIS A. LIPOFSKY IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS MOTION FOR SANCTIONS
7/17/2020: Declaration (name extension) - Declaration DECLARATION OF LOUIS A. LIPOFSKY IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS MOTION FOR SANCTIONS
Proof of Service (not Summons and Complaint) - Proof of Service (not Summons and Complaint)
7/17/2020: Proof of Service (not Summons and Complaint) - Proof of Service (not Summons and Complaint)
Declaration (name extension) - Declaration DECLARATION OF THOMAS M. REGELE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION FOR SANCTIONS
7/17/2020: Declaration (name extension) - Declaration DECLARATION OF THOMAS M. REGELE IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTION FOR SANCTIONS
Memorandum (name extension) - Memorandum PLAINTIFFS MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR SANCTIONS PURSUANT TO CCP SECTION 128.5 AGAINST RICHARD LA BARCA AND ALFREDO NAVA
7/17/2020: Memorandum (name extension) - Memorandum PLAINTIFFS MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR SANCTIONS PURSUANT TO CCP SECTION 128.5 AGAINST RICHARD LA BARCA AND ALFREDO NAVA
Motion for Sanctions - Motion for Sanctions
7/17/2020: Motion for Sanctions - Motion for Sanctions
Minute Order - Minute Order (Court Order Re: Hearing on Demurrer - without Motion to Strike)
7/8/2020: Minute Order - Minute Order (Court Order Re: Hearing on Demurrer - without Motion to Strike)
Certificate of Mailing for - Certificate of Mailing for (Court Order Re: Hearing on Demurrer - without Motion to Strike) of 07/08/2020
7/8/2020: Certificate of Mailing for - Certificate of Mailing for (Court Order Re: Hearing on Demurrer - without Motion to Strike) of 07/08/2020
Order on Court Fee Waiver (Superior Court) - Order on Court Fee Waiver (Superior Court)
4/23/2020: Order on Court Fee Waiver (Superior Court) - Order on Court Fee Waiver (Superior Court)
Proof of Personal Service - Proof of Personal Service
3/16/2020: Proof of Personal Service - Proof of Personal Service
Civil Case Cover Sheet - Civil Case Cover Sheet
2/20/2020: Civil Case Cover Sheet - Civil Case Cover Sheet
Summons - Summons on Complaint
2/20/2020: Summons - Summons on Complaint
Complaint - Complaint
2/20/2020: Complaint - Complaint
First Amended Standing Order - First Amended Standing Order
2/20/2020: First Amended Standing Order - First Amended Standing Order
Notice of Case Assignment - Limited Civil Case - Notice of Case Assignment - Limited Civil Case
2/20/2020: Notice of Case Assignment - Limited Civil Case - Notice of Case Assignment - Limited Civil Case
Hearing02/23/2023 at 08:30 AM in Department 25 at 312 North Spring Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012; Order to Show Cause Re: Failure to File Proof of Service
Hearing08/19/2021 at 08:30 AM in Department 25 at 312 North Spring Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012; Non-Jury Trial
Hearing01/14/2021 at 10:00 AM in Department 25 at 312 North Spring Street, Los Angeles, CA 90012; Hearing on Motion for Sanctions
DocketMinute Order (Hearing on Demurrer - without Motion to Strike)
DocketHearing on Demurrer - without Motion to Strike scheduled for 09/21/2020 at 10:00 AM in Spring Street Courthouse at Department 25 updated: Result Date to 09/21/2020; Result Type to Held
DocketReply to Defendant's opposition; Filed by: Richard La Barca (Defendant)
DocketStipulation and Order to amend request for judicial notice; Signed and Filed by: Richard La Barca (Defendant); As to: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff)
DocketOpposition PLAINTIFF?S MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES IN OPPOSITION TO DEFENDANT?S DEMURRER TO PLAINTIFF?S COMPLAINT; Filed by: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff)
DocketRequest for Judicial Notice Amended; Filed by: Richard La Barca (Defendant)
DocketNotice of demurrer hearing; Filed by: Richard La Barca (Defendant); As to: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff)
DocketProof of Service (not Summons and Complaint); Filed by: Richard La Barca (Defendant); As to: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff)
DocketProof of Personal Service; Filed by: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff); As to: Richard La Barca (Defendant); Service Date: 03/10/2020; Service Cost: 75.00; Service Cost Waived: No
DocketOrder to Show Cause Re: Failure to File Proof of Service scheduled for 02/23/2023 at 08:30 AM in Spring Street Courthouse at Department 25
DocketNon-Jury Trial scheduled for 08/19/2021 at 08:30 AM in Spring Street Courthouse at Department 25
DocketCase assigned to Hon. James E. Blancarte in Department 25 Spring Street Courthouse
DocketFirst Amended Standing Order; Filed by: Clerk
DocketNotice of Case Assignment - Limited Civil Case; Filed by: Clerk
DocketSummons on Complaint; Issued and Filed by: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff); As to: Richard La Barca (Defendant)
DocketCivil Case Cover Sheet; Filed by: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff); As to: Richard La Barca (Defendant)
DocketComplaint; Filed by: Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust (Plaintiff); As to: Richard La Barca (Defendant)
Case Number: 20STLC01727 Hearing Date: September 21, 2020 Dept: 25
HEARING DATE: Mon., September 21, 2020 JUDGE /DEPT: Blancarte/25
CASE NAME: Goodman v. La Barca COMPL. FILED: 02-20-20
CASE NUMBER: 20STLC01727 DISC. C/O: 07-20-21
NOTICE: OK DISC. MOT. C/O: 08-04-21
TRIAL DATE: 08-19-21
PROCEEDINGS: DEMURRER TO PLAINTIFF'S COMPLAINT
MOVING PARTY: Defendant Richard La Barca
RESP. PARTY: Plaintiff Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust
DEMURRER
(CCP § 430.41, et seq.)
TENTATIVE RULING:
Defendant Richard La Barca's Demurrer to Plaintiff's Complaint is SUSTAINED WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND as to the unjust enrichment cause of action. However, Plaintiff is GRANTED 20 DAYS' LEAVE TO AMEND THE COMPLAINT as to the quantum meruit cause of action.
[X] Proof of Service Timely Filed (CRC, rule 3.1300) OK
[X] Correct Address (CCP §§ 1013, 1013a) OK
[X] 16/21 Court Days Lapsed (CCP §§ 12c, 1005(b)) OK
OPPOSITION: Filed on August 27, 2020 [ ] Late [ ] None
REPLY: Filed on September 14, 2020 [ ] Late [ ] None
On February 20, 2020, Plaintiff Myrna J. Berger Goodman, Trustee of the Myrna J. Berger Goodman Trust ("Plaintiff") filed an action for unjust enrichment and quantum meruit against Defendant Richard La Barca ("Defendant").
Defendant filed the instant Demurrer to Plaintiff's Complaint (the "Demurrer") on May 8, 2020. On August 27, 2020, Plaintiff filed an Opposition and on September 14, 2020, Defendant filed a Reply.
Defendant seeks judicial notice of (1) the Court's unlawful detainer action file for case Goodman v. La Barca, LASC Case No. 19VEUD02424; (2) Plaintiff's Complaint filed in Goodman v. La Barca, LASC Case No. 19VEUD02424; (3) the Court's entry of judgment in Goodman v. La Barca, LASC Case No. 19VEUD02424; (4) Plaintiff's Statement on Appeal filed on March 9, 2020 in Goodman v. La Barca, LASC Case No. 19VEUD02424; and (5) the Court's conformed verdict form in Goodman v. La Barca, LASC Case No. 19VEUD02424.
Defendant's request is GRANTED. (Evid. Code, § 452, subd. (d).)
"The primary function of a pleading is to give the other party notice so that it may prepare its
case [citation], and a defect in a pleading that otherwise properly notifies a party cannot be said to
affect substantial rights." (Harris v. City of Santa Monica (2013) 56 Cal.4th 203, 240.)
"A demurrer tests the legal sufficiency of the factual allegations in a complaint." (Ivanoff v. Bank of
America, N.A. (2017) 9 Cal.App.5th 719, 725.) The Court looks to whether "the complaint alleges
facts sufficient to state a cause of action or discloses a complete defense." (Id.) The Court does not
"read passages from a complaint in isolation; in reviewing a ruling on a demurrer, we read the
complaint 'as a whole and its parts in their context.' [Citation.]" (West v. JPMorgan Chase Bank,
N.A. (2013) 214 Cal.App.4th 780, 804.) The Court "assume[s] the truth of the properly pleaded
factual allegations, facts that reasonably can be inferred from those expressly pleaded and matters of
which judicial notice has been taken." (Harris, supra, 56 Cal.4th p. 240.) "The court does not,
however, assume the truth of contentions, deductions or conclusions of law. [Citation.]" (Durell v.
Sharp Healthcare (2010) 183 Cal.App.4th 1350, 1358.)
Leave to amend must be allowed where there is a reasonable possibility of successful amendment. (Goodman v. Kennedy (1976) 18 Cal.3d 335, 348.) The burden is on the complainant to show the Court that a pleading can be amended successfully. (Id.)
Finally, Code of Civil Procedure section 430.41 requires that "[b]efore filing a demurrer pursuant to this chapter, the demurring party shall meet and confer in person or by telephone with the party who filed the pleading that is subject to demurrer for the purpose of determining whether an agreement can be reached that would resolve the objections to be raised in the demurrer." (Code Civ. Proc., § 430.41, subd. (a).) The parties are to meet and confer at least five days before the date the responsive pleading is due. (Code Civ. Proc., § 430.41, subd. (a)(2).) Thereafter, the demurring party shall file and serve a declaration detailing their meet and confer efforts. (Code Civ. Proc., § 430.41, subd. (a)(3).)
The Demurrer is accompanied by a meet and confer declaration. (Dem., Nava Decl., ¶ 2.)
Plaintiff alleges causes of action of quantum meruit and unjust enrichment. (Compl., p. 4.) The Complaint alleges that Defendant and Doe 1 have been and are presently occupying 4524 Vista Del Monte Ave., Unit #1, Sherman Oaks, CA 91403 (the "Premises"), that Defendant and Doe 1 were requested to vacate the Premises on or about July 30, 2019, that Defendant and Doe 1 refused to vacate the Premises, that the fair rental market value of the Premises is $2,000.00 per month, that Defendant and Doe 1 were unjustly enriched by occupying the premises and not paying any rent since August 1, 2019, and that Plaintiff is entitled to the value of the premises since August 1, 2019. (Id.)
A. Plea in Abatement
First, Defendant demurs to the Complaint and argues he is entitled to a plea in abatement because Plaintiff sought the same relief in Goodman v. La Barca, LASC Case No. 19VEUD02424 (the "Unlawful Detainer Action"), which was denied by a jury but is currently pending on appeal. (Dem., p. 6:9-11; Reply, pp. 2-4.) A plea in abatement under to Code of Civil Procedure section 430.10, subdivision (c) is a special demurrer. Special demurrers are not allowed in limited jurisdiction courts. (Code Civ. Proc., § 92, subd. (c).) Thus, the Court does not have the authority to consider Defendant's plea in abatement argument.
B. Unjust Enrichment
Defendant also argues the common count causes of action are insufficiently pled. (Dem., p. 8:26-28; p. 9:13-19; Reply, pp. 5:15-6:18.) As noted above, Plaintiff alleges causes of action for unjust enrichment and quantum meruit. (Compl., p. 4.) "'A common count is not a specific cause of action . . .; rather, it is a simplified form of pleading normally used to aver the existence of various forms of monetary indebtedness . . . .' [Citation.]" (Professional Collection Consultants v. Lujan (2018) 23 Cal.App.5th 685, 690.) While some California courts recognize unjust enrichment as a cause of action, it is not recognized in the second appellate district. (De Havilland v. FX Networks, LLC (2018) 21 Cal.App.5th 845, 870.) Rather, unjust enrichment is a "general principle, underlying various legal doctrines and remedies" and is "synonymous with restitution." (McBride v. Boughton (2004) 13 Cal.App.4th 379, 387; see also Levine v. Blue Shield of California (2010) Cal.App.4th 1117, 1138.) Restitution can be awarded in lieu of damages when an express contract exists but is void because it was procured by fraud or is unenforceable for some other reason or was rescinded. (Rutherford Holdings, LLC v. Plaza Del Rey (2014) 233 Cal.App.4th 221, 231.) (Italics added.) "A claim for restitution is permitted even if the party inconsistently pleads a breach of contract claim that alleges the existence of a contract." (Ibid.)
Because Plaintiff has not alleged the existence of a contract and because restitution is a remedy and not a cause of action (Reid v. City of San Diego (2018) 24 Cal.App.5th 343, 362), Defendant's demurrer to the unjust enrichment cause of action is SUSTAINED WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND.
C. Quantum Meruit
"Quantum meruit refers to the well-established principle that 'the law implies a promise to pay for services performed under circumstances disclosing that they were not gratuitously rendered.' [Citation.] To recover in quantum meruit, a party need not prove the existence of a contract [citations], but it must show circumstances were such that the 'services rendered under some understanding or expectation of both parties that compensation therefor was to be made' [citations]. [Citations.]" (Chodos v. Borman (2014) 227 Cal.App.4th 76, 96.) "The requisite elements of quantum meruit are (1) the plaintiff acted pursuant to an 'explicit or implicit request for the services' by the defendant, and (2) the services conferred an actual benefit on the defendant. [Citations.]" (Port Medical Wellness, Inc. v. Connecticut General Life Insurance Co. (2018) 24 Cal.App.5th 153, 180.)
Here, Plaintiff has not alleged she provided any good or services to Defendant pursuant to Defendant's explicit or implicit request. (See Compl.) Thus, Plaintiff has not properly alleged a cause of action for quantum meruit. Accordingly, Defendant's demurrer to Plaintiff's quantum meruit cause of action is SUSTAINED. Plaintiff is GRANTED 20 DAYS' LEAVE TO AMEND THE COMPLAINT.
D. Request to Advance Motion to Sanctions
In passing, Plaintiff requests that the Motion for Sanctions filed by Defendant on July 17, 2020 and currently scheduled to be heard on January 14, 2021, be advanced and concurrently heard with this Demurrer. (Oppo., p. 6:9-14.) The Court finds Plaintiff's request improper and is thus DENIED.
Conclusion & Order
For the foregoing reasons, Defendant Richard La Barca's Demurrer to Plaintiff's Complaint is SUSTAINED WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND as to the unjust enrichment cause of action. However, Plaintiff is GRANTED 20 DAYS' LEAVE TO AMEND THE COMPLAINT as to the quantum meruit cause of action.
Moving party is ordered to give notice.


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Relax like a king or queen on the Hochkönig: nothing easier than that in the 450m² big bathing and sauna area with all its amenities at the Bergheimat Hotel in Mühlbach. In the indoor pool you can take a swim and relax on the comfortable loungers afterwards; and if the weather is nice, enjoy the sunbeams and the views over the mountains on the panorama terrace: take a deep breath and get away from your everyday life. Families can look forward to their own family area.
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The government has now accepted food allergy as a serious public health issue and even pushed legislation to make labelling, along with providing allergy information, mandatory for packaged foods. But what are the most common allergies among Indians?
"No answers yet,"says B Sesikiran, director of the National Institute of Nutrition in Hyderabad. For individuals, it is essential that their caregivers and food providers are adequately informed of their allergies. Yet there is no registry or data that can even give an estimate."We don't even know if there are any Indian foods that can cause allergy,"adds Sesikiran. In most countries like the US, at least 8% of children and 3.7% of adults are diagnosed with food allergies. While a very few percentage of people live with them, many outgrow.
Doctors say food sensitivity can broadly be catogorised into two types–allergies and intolerance. Reactions that involve the immune system, which helps the body resist disease, are called food allergies. Those that do not are called food intolerances. Though intolerances are technically not as serious as allergies, patients in both categories might require medical help.
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◎ China's financial system is vulnerable to high risk.
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Why it matters: Given that Chinese regulators punished over a third of the country's banks and other financial institutions in 2017, China's financial system is in a state of vulnerability to high risk.
Feb. 24: Former Shandong governor Guo Shuqing became the third CBRC chairman, and started a major restructuring of China's banking sector.
Mid-July: Beijing convenes the five-yearly National Financial Work Conference. The main discussion points of the meeting include safeguarding financial risk and getting the financial sector to return capital to the real economy.
Nov. 8: The State Council establishes its Financial Stability and Development Committee, a new financial oversight body with a vice premier at the helm.
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Modo Yoga Minneapolis, owned and operated by Phil Doucette and Ryann Doucette, has been sharing the mission of yoga with its health-minded clientele for eight years. Central to Modo Yoga are its six pillars – Be Peace, Be Healthy, Live Green, Live to Learn, Be Accessible, and Community Support — all of which guide the business' decisions and build a tangible experience of community within and beyond the studio.
Luanne started volunteering at Simpson's shelter four months ago when she saw a post on Simpson's Facebook page requesting meal serving volunteers. She enjoyed her first volunteering experience and made the commitment to helping as a shelter support volunteer on a regular basis. One evening per month, Lu helps with daily activities that keep the shelter running smoothly for guests.
Matthew Ayres recently joined the Simpson team after 12 years at Hennepin County in the Office to End Homelessness and later in the Public Health Emergency Preparedness Office.
Matthew's relationship with Simpson began in 2005 when he served as an intern while pursuing his Master of Social Work at the University of Minnesota.
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Joshua Kortgard is not your average 14 year old boy. Sure, he likes playing tennis, video games, but he also spends his time collecting toiletries to donate to Simpson's Shelter.
When I look back on the past 17 years of working with families and youth experiencing homelessness, I have come to firmly believe two important things that have been proven time and time again through the lives of the hundreds of young people I've gotten to know. The first is that children and youth are miraculous in their ability to be resilient in the face of hardships and the second is that relationships are where the magic happens.


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text:
Annals of Microbiology
Identification and growth-promoting effect of endophytic bacteria in potato
Ma Shuang1,2,
Jiying Sun1 &
Wang Teng2
Annals of Microbiology volume 72, Article number: 40 (2022) Cite this article
In agriculture, Bacillus species are efficient and ecologically tool for promote the growth of the plant.
Purpose: This study obtains the plant growth-promoting (PGP) ability of endophytic bacteria isolated from the potato tubers.
Methods: Using endophytic bacteria to promote potato growth, achieve the purpose of increasing production. In this experiment, the growth- promoting ability of the strain was verified by laboratory identification and field test validation.
Result: The isolates were identified as Bacillus species based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence and gyrB gene sequence analysis. DNA hybridization finally identified it as Bacillus velezensis. Among the PGP attributes, the strain K-9 was found to be positive for indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and nitrogen fixation. The isolate was found negative for potassium solubilization. The quantitative estimation of IAA product to 9.09 μg/ml. The isolate also had the ability to produce lytic enzymes such as amylase and protease. The quantitative estimation of protease activity is 89.16 μg/ml. The inoculation strain K-9 improved bioaccumulation of roots and buds and yield in the potato compared to uninoculated control plants.
Conclusion: These findings give an insight into the ways to use PGP bacteria to increase potato production.
The bacteria that live in or near plant roots support the plant growth and are usually referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Kloepper et al., 1980). The plant rhizosphere is having multitude of plant-microbe interactions that are influenced by rhizo-secretions and resident microflora (Zahar et al., 2014). In sustainable agriculture, biocontrol and plant growth promotion activities are significant characteristics of commercial agents (Qiao et al., 2017).
The genus Bacillus comprises more than 300 species with validly published names (Sun et al., 2021). Bacillus species have come to play an increasingly important role in applied microbiology. Bacillus species have strong adaptability to the environment (Liu et al., 2019; Cui et al., 2015). Bacillus species are gram-positive, rod-shaped, sporulating bacteria that are able to control plant diseases through a variety of mechanisms (antibiosis, defense responses in the host plant, competition) (Zahra et al., 2021). Bacillus have been isolated from marine sediments (Xu et al., 2020), soda lake (Menes et al., 2019), salt mine (Roohi et al., 2014), plant rhizosphere (Weihui et al., 2020), plant leaves (Zhang et al., 2017), and plant tubers (Cui et al., 2019). Specific methods and procedures are summarized in Fig. 1. Endophytic bacteria screened from plants are particularly adaptable to host crops (Abedinzadeh et al., 2019). A few endophytic bacteria have the function of promoting crop growth directly and indirectly. They can dissolve phosphorus, potassium, and other minerals in the soil, fix nitrogen in the air for plants to use, generate siderophores, better absorb iron in the soil for plants, synthesize indoleacetic acid, and promote plant growth (Amaresan et al., 2012). In the present study, we proposed a species of the genus Bacillus, strain K-9, isolated from the potato tubers. Strain K-9 can increase potato yield and is a potential green pesticide. It provides a basis for further understanding the growth-promoting function of potato endophytic bacteria and its agricultural development and utilization and is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of agricultural ecosystem.
Isolation and screening of endophytic bacteria for biocontrol. 1, sampling from thriving plants. 2, isolation from surface sterile tissues using artificial media. 3, molecular identification using ribosomal genes. 4, mass production tests. 5, screening test of endophytic bacteria to plants in greenhouse. 6, endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting effect were tested in the field. 7, the potential PGPR can enter the industrial stage
Isolation and cultivation
Strain K-9 was isolated from the junction of the healthy epidermis and scab spots of the potato tuber collected at Keshan County in the China (122°E, 46°N). The sample was obtained by potato field sampling of September 2020. The potato tubers were surface disinfected with 75% v/v ethanol for 30 s and 5% v/v sodium hypochlorite for 1 min followed by rinsing with sterile water. A sterile scalpel was used to cut the interface between the diseased potato spot and the healthy potato skin and ground it in a sterile mortar. The homogenate was placed in a sterile centrifuge tube, diluted with 10 mL sterile water to 10−2–10−6, and 100 μL of each dilution was spread on a beef extract medium (NA) plate (beef extract 3 g, peptone 5 g, yeast extract 1 g, sucrose 10 g, agar 17 g, sterile water 1000 mL, pH 7.2). The isolates were purified and cultured at 28 °C and stored in at −80 °C (Ma et al., 2022).
Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics
Characteristics of strain K-9 were examined using routine cultivation methods on NA media at 28 °C (except where indicated otherwise). Escherichia coli was obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory of Bayi Agricultural University as a reference strain for biological chemical test.
Strain K-9 were cultured in NA plate for 24 h, then gram-stained, observed under a microscope, and photographed. The physiological and biochemical properties of the strain were determined by referring to Bergey's Bacteria Identification Manual and Manual of Identification of Common Bacterial Systems (Buchanan and Gibbons 1984; Dong and Cai 2001). Growth at various NaCl concentrations (0–15%, at intervals of 1.0%) was determined at 28 °C in NA broth media that contained all constituents of NA broth but lacked NaCl, and NaCl was added as a supplement at various concentrations. Catalase activity was determined by bubble formation in a 3% (v/v) H2O2 solution. The pH range for growth was determined from pH 3.0 to 11.0 (at intervals of 1.0 pH unit) in NA broth. Utilization of carbohydrates (sorbitol, saccharose, glucose, xylose, lactose, cellobiose, raffinose, rhamnose, fructose, galactose, mannitol, maltose, inositol, arabinose, sodium alginate, sodium gluconate, glycine) was tested using the basic medium with the corresponding carbohydrates (5 g/L). The basic medium contained (per liter): 2 g (NH4)2SO4, 25 g NaCl, 0.5 g NaH2PO4·H2O, 0.5 g K2HPO4, 0.2 g MgSO4·7H2O, and 0.1 g CaCl2·2H2O. Fatty-acid analysis of strain K-9 was undertaken by the analytical services of Microbial Identification Systems (Panomix Biotechnology Company, China), determined by targeted metabolism.
Phylogenetic and genomic analysis
Strain K-9 was further identified through the analysis of its 16S rRNA, gyrB gene sequences (Lane 1991; La et al., 2004) and complete genome sequence. DNA of antagonistic strains was extracted by a Tiangen Bacterial Genome Kit. The 16S rRNA primers were 27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′). The gyrB amplification was performed with the gyrB-F primer (5′-GAAGTCATCATGACCGTTCTGCAYGCNGGNGGNA ARTTYGA-3′) and gyrB-R(5′-AGCAGGGTACGGATGTGCGAGCCRTCNACRTC NGCRTCNGTCAT-3′). The PCR amplification of 16S rRNA was done in a mix containing PCR MIX 25 μL, positive and negative primers 1 μL each, and bacterial DNA 2 μL. The PCR reaction procedure was as follows: pre-denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min; 95 °C denaturation for 30 s, 62 °C annealing for 30 s, 72 °C extension for 45 s, 30 cycles; the final elongation was at 72 °C for 7 min. The products were sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). After BLAST comparison on NCBI and EzTaxone server (http://eztaxon-e.ezbiocloud.net/, (Kim et al., 2012)), strains with high similarity in GenBank (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) and IPSN (https://lpsn.dsmz.de/species/bacillus) were selected, and the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 7 software was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The minimum evolution (ME) tree was constructed using close-neighbor-interchange heuristic search method and complete deletion option (Sun et al., 2018). The phylogenetic trees were confirmed by bootstrap analysis based on 1000 replications.
In vitro assessment of plant growth promotion (PGP) traits
Qualitative assay
Freshly grown bacterial isolates were streaked on Jensen's medium (HiMedia) (Suárez-Moreno et al., 2019, Mohammed et al., 2020), and plates were incubated at 28 °C for 2 days. Growth on Jensen's medium shows the ability of isolates to fix nitrogen. The strain K-9 were measured for the production of siderophore using the Chrome Azurol S (CAS) agar medium described by Schwyn and Neilands (1987, Reang et al., 2022). The strain K-9 culture was streaked on the CAS medium and incubated at 28 °C for 48 h. Siderophore production was confirmed by the formation of an orange-to-yellow halo around the colonies. Phosphate and potassium solubilization using the agar medium described by Rushabh et al. (2020). ACC deaminase production and cellulolytic activity conducted by Suarez's method was used for qualitative detection (Suárez-Moreno et al., 2019).
Quantification assay
IAA was quantitatively determined by Suárez-Moreno et al. (2019) method. The strain to be tested was inoculated in LB liquid medium containing sterile tryptophan (0.5 g/L), cultured at 180 r/min at 28 °C for 5 days, centrifuged at 6000 r/min for 10 min, and 1 mL supernatant was added to 2 mL Salkowski's colorimeter, and the reaction was performed at 40 °C for 30 min in the dark. The absorbance value was measured at 530 nm, and 1 mL of sterile tryptophan high medium without strain was added to 2 mL of Salkowski's colorimetric solution to adjust to zero. Calculating IAA concentration was established using pure IAA and expressed as microgram per milliliter. The protease activity was determined by folinal method (Ruth et al., 2016; Borah et al., 2019). Calculating casein concentration was established using pure casein and expressed as microgram per milliliter.
Effect of strain K-9 on germination of potato tubers
Potato seeds were treated for 3 min with a 2% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution for surface sterilization; 75% alcohol was disinfected for 1 min, washed three times sterile water, and air-dried. The strain K-9 inoculums were prepared in the nutrient broth medium for 24 h at 34 °C and diluted to a final concentration of 108 cells per milliliter with sterile distilled water. The seeds (30 g) were sown into sterilized vermiculite, then soaked each potato tuber in 10 mL of fermentation broth, and covered with 7-cm-thick vermiculite. Cultured in a greenhouse at 20 °C. Potted seed traits were investigated on day 25. Medium-treated seeds served as controls.
Effects of strain K-9 on growth promotion of potato in field
The total rainfall from April to September was 643 mm, and the average temperature was 15.76 °C. The soil type was chernozem soil, with uniform fertility and level ground. The properties of the soil in the surface layer of 10–30 cm are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the soil (10–30 cm soil layer)
In this experiment, we used the potato variety 'Eugene'. The experiment was sown on May 3, 2021, with precision spot seeding. The spacing of each hole was 25 cm, and the row spacing was 80 cm. The seedling preservation rate in the field was 98%. The treatments adopted the method of hole application, with antagonistic strain fermentation broth (108 cfu/mL) applied at 50 mL/hole. The NA medium was applied at 50 mL/hole as the control. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized block design, consisting of three replicates, with a total of 6 plots (20 m2 each). Plant samples were taken at the formation stage for biomass determination. Each part of potato was killed in an oven at 105 °C for 30 min, and then, the oven was adjusted to 80 °C to dry to constant weight. The dry matter weight of potato stem, leaf, tuber, and root was measured. A central part (12 m2) of each potato plot was selected to investigate potato yield. The formula used in this section is as follows (Li et al., 2021): yield increase effect = (treatment yield–control yield)/control yield × 100%.
Tubers were collected, weighed, and graded by size according to the standards of local growers (Matteau et al., 2022). The three size-based classes included the following: small tubers (between 0 and 75 g), medium tubers (between 75 and 150 g), and large tubers (over 150 g).
Morphological, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characteristics
Morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of strain K-9 are given in the species description in Tables 2 and 3. In this study, the major fatty acids of strain K-9 contained C16:0, C18:0, C22:4, C22:5N6, C22:5N3, and C22:6N3 (Table 3). Cells are gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, pH3.0–10.0 (optimum, 7.0) and with 0–10% (w/v) NaCl. Nitrate is reduced. Indole, ammonia production, and hydrogen sulfide test is positive, citrate and phenylalanine amino acid deaminase are negative. Sorbitol, saccharose, glucose, xylose, lactose, cellobiose, raffinose, rhamnose, fructose, galactose, mannitol, maltose are utilized as carbon and energy sources.
Table 2 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain K-9T
Table 3 Cellular fatty acid (μg/g) compositions of strain K-9T
The length of 16S rRNA of strain K-9 was 1220 bp. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K-9 was related to Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis and other strains, sharing more than 97% of the genetic sequences. Then, strain K-9 was compared with type strains; it was found to be on the same branch as Bacillus velezensis NRRL B41580 (Fig. 2). It was difficult to distinguish the types of strain K-9 (Fig. 3). The length of gyrB gene sequence of strain K-9 was 1189 bp. Blast comparison found that the gyrB sequence of strain K-9 was similar to that of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus velezensis strain (Fig. 3). In order to identify the scientific and reliable results, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the similar strains were distinguished, and DNA hybridization was identified.
Phylogenetic tree of strain K-9 constructed based on type strain 16S rRNA gene sequence. Bootstrap values (%) presented at the branches were calculated from 1000 replications. The scale bar means 0.1% sequence difference
Phylogenetic tree of strain K-9 constructed based on gyrB gene sequence. Bootstrap values (%) presented at the branches were calculated from 1000 replications. The scale bar means 5% sequence difference
Table 4 shows the main features that distinguish Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from other phenotypically and phylogenetically related taxa. The strains are characterized by their capacity to produce C16:0, strain K-9 much higher than the other two strains. The length of the whole genome also varies.
Table 4 Characteristics which distinguish strain K-9T from other related species of Bacillus
DNA-DNA hybridization was conducted following the methods of Ruiz-Garcia et al. (2005). Strain K-9 was not related to the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, showing less than 70% hybridization with them (Table 5). Strain K-9 was related to the Bacillus velezensis NRRL B41580, showing more than 70% hybridization with it. The K-9 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis.
Table 5 Strain K-9T of DNA hybridization rate with similar type strains
In this experiment, in vitro method was assessed to screen the potential of isolated microorganisms to promote plant growth (Table 6, Fig. 4). The assessment of growth-promoting abilities is important. It is considered an effective tool in the investigation of microbes (Rushabh et al., 2020). In this study, strain K-9 had nitrogen-fixing activities, positive activity for IAA, and siderophore production. Strain K-9 was positive able to solubilize organoposphorus. The PGPR containing ACC deaminase can hinder the abiotic stress of induced ethylene production and its associated adverse effect on plants (Reang et al., 2022). In this study, strain K-9 was capable to produce ACC deaminase enzyme. Protease and amylase are indicators of biocontrol characteristics, and strain K-9 can produce these two enzymes, indicating that this strain has certain biocontrol characteristics.
Table 6 Traits related with direct plant growth promotion
Evaluation of strain K-9 for key traits related to direct plant growth promotion. a Nitrogen fixation. b organophosphorus qualitative assay. c Iron qualitative assay. d Protease qualitative assay. e Amylase qualitative activity assay. f ACC deaminase activity assay
Strain K-9 on potted potato germination in greenhouse
After seed tubers were treated with strain K-9, potato growth was examined. Potato tubers had 100% sprouting. The length of seed bud and fresh bud weight with K-9 treatment was not significantly higher than control (Fig. 5). Root number, fresh and dry weights of potato root, and dry bud weight were significantly higher than control.
Effect of strain K-9 on potted potato germination in greenhouse. Each treatment had 3 replications. Different letters indicate significant differences according to the Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05). A Bud length. B Fresh bud weigh. C Dry bud weight. D Root number. E Root fresh weight. F Dry root weight
Strain K-9 on growth promotion of potato in field
The more dry matter a crop accumulates, the better it grows. Figure 6 shows the plant height, stem diameter, and biomass accumulation of potato in the tuber formation stage. The stem diameter of strain K-9 treatment was higher than the control, but it was not significant. The plant height, biomass fresh weight, and biomass dry weight of strain K-9 treatment were significantly higher than those of the control. The results indicated that strain K-9 had better growth promotion ability.
Effect of strain K-9 on growth promotion of potato tuber during formation. Each treatment had 3 replications. Symbol indicates significant differences according to the Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). A Plant height. B Thick stems. C Fresh biomass weight. D Dry biomass weight. E Root growth phenotype of potato
The yield of strain K-9 treatment was 12.44% higher than control, but had no significant effect on potato yield. This is because the yield difference between the strain K-9 treatment and the control treatment was small. The weight of large tubers treated with strain K-9 was 7.03 kg and significantly higher than the control (Table 7). The weight of medium tubers in strain K-9 treatment was higher than that in control, but the difference between treatments was not significant. The weight of small tubers with the strain K-9 was significantly lower than that of the control. The results showed that the strain K-9 treatment could increase the yield, weight of large tubers and medium tubers, and significantly reduce the weight of small tubers, thus resulting in an economic benefit of potato planting under the same conditions.
Table 7 Application in planting hole of strain K-9 on potato yield, large potato, and commercial potato percentage
Compared with chemical fertilizer promoting growth, plant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of environmental protection and high safety to human beings. Studies have confirmed that Bacillus (Ben et al., 2018) can play a better role in promoting plant growth. Bacillus strains promote plant growth directly or indirectly (Yánez-Mendizábal and Falconí 2018, Ben et al., 2018, Gardener 2008), and this phenomenon has also been confirmed in the indoor pot experiment and field experiment of this study. In the present study, strain K-9 exhibited multiple PGPR properties. PGPR inoculation significantly increased the accumulation of matter in buds and roots of potato under greenhouse condition. To further verify whether the strain can promote plant growth, the yield experiment of strain K-9 was carried out under field conditions. The strain may be exploited as microbial inoculants for potato crop as they enhanced plant growth via diverse mechanisms and offered an attractive strategy to replace synthetic fertilizers.
Strain K-9 was analyzed using 16s rRNA sequences, gyrB gene sequence. They have close evolutionary relationship with Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. DNA hybridization eventually identified it as Bacillus velezensis. Strain K-9 can produce IAA, fix nitrogen, and degrade organophosphorus in laboratory tests of growth-promoting properties. The growth-promoting ability of the strain K-9 was verified in the field, and we found that it can increase potato yield by 12.44%.
The GenBank accession number of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K-9 is OL378201. The GenBank accession number of the gyrB sequence of strain K-9 is PRJNA796832. The GenBank accession number of complete genome sequence of strain K-9 is JAKQYO000000000.
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The authors thank teacher Wang Teng, College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, for helping with the collection of potato tuber samples.
This research was supported by special task of "Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Spanning Project" of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences — study and integration of soil and water conservation technology for slope farmland in black soil area of northern Songnen Plain (HNK2019CX13).
Keshan Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Keshan, China
Ma Shuang & Jiying Sun
College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
Ma Shuang & Wang Teng
Ma Shuang
Jiying Sun
Wang Teng
MS and WT wrote the main manuscript text and JS repaired language change. MS and WT were responsible for the design and implementation of the experiment. All authors reviewed the manuscript. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Wang Teng.
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
All of the authors have read and approved the manuscript. This work has not been published previously, nor is it being considered by any other peer-reviewed journal.
Shuang, M., Sun, J. & Teng, W. Identification and growth-promoting effect of endophytic bacteria in potato. Ann Microbiol 72, 40 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-022-01697-1
Potato tubers
Endophytic bacteria
PGPR
Submission enquiries: jaybert.arellado@springernature.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Phil Mickelson Apologizes over 2018 ...
Tiger Woods Confirms 2018 Open ...
Phil Mickelson Apologizes over 2018 U.S. Open Incident
by Annalisa D'Alessio
Phil Mickelson has issued a belated apology over the 2018 U.S. Open incident he was involved in when he controversially putted a moving ball on the green at Shinnecock Hills.
On what was a frustrating third round of the U.S. Open for all players at Shinnecock Hills, Mickelson caused most controversy in an incident in which he broke Rule 14-5.
The incident came on the 13th green when Mickelson slid a downhill putt for bogey past the hole and it continued to roll further away from the cup. The five-time major winner then jogged across the green and putted the ball while it was still moving. He sent it back past the hole before marking it. Mickelson eventually signed for a 10 on the par-4 after incurring a two-shot penalty for the action.
Had rule Rule 1-2 been applied, that rule covering a ball being "influenced or deflected", Mickelson could have been disqualified from the tournament altogether.
Penalty shot
The 48-year-old American said in the aftermath of the incident: "Look, I don't mean disrespect to anybody. I know it's a two-shot penalty. At that time, I just didn't feel like going back and forth and hitting the shot over. I took the two-shot penalty and moved on. It's my understanding of the rules. I've had multiple times when I've wanted to do that. I just finally did.
"It's meant to take advantage of the rules as best as you can. In that situation, I was just going back and forth. I would gladly take the two shots over continuing that display. Sometimes it gets a little goofy, sure…but it's all within the rules."
Four days on from the controversy, Mickelson issued an apology for his actions which effectively brought golf into disrepute. While some of his fellow golf stars took to Twitter to give their forthright thoughts about the United States Golf Association's (USGA) set-up of the 2018 U.S. Open's course, Mickelson let his actions on the course do the talking.
Phil Mickelson: 'embarassed' and 'disappointed'
In hindsight, Phil Mickelson—a five-time major winner and an idol to many young golfers—admitted he was embarassed and disappointed in himself in an apology sent to journalists by text message.
"It was clearly not my finest moment and I'm sorry," Mickelson said. "I know this should've come sooner, but it's taken me a few days to calm down. My anger and frustration got the best of me last weekend. I'm embarrassed and disappointed by my actions."
Phil Mickelson, who is still searching for a U.S. Open victory—which would complete a career grand slam of the majors—eventually finished in 48th place at Shinnecock Hills on 16-over par after a one-under par final round. He was 15 shots adrift of winner Brooks Koepka, who became the first back-to-back winner of the U.S. Open since Curtis Strange in 1988-89.
Phil Mickelson has finished runner-up in the U.S. Open on six separate occasions, having been second to the late Payne Stewart at Pinehurst in 1999, Tiger Woods at Bethpage Black in 2002, Retief Goosen at Shinnecock Hills in 2004, Geoff Ogilvy at Winged Foot in 2006, Lucas Glover at Bethpage Black in 2009 and Justin Rose at Merion in 2013.
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She's got a long title - Presiding Bishop Michael Curry's Canon for Evangelism, Reconciliation, and Creation, but here's the short job description for the Rev. Canon Stephanie Spellers: helping Episcopalians share the good news and cross boundaries as part of the Jesus Movement.
Previously she was the Canon for Mission Vitality for the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island and a member of the chaplain team for the House of Bishops. She served as the co-chair of the Standing Commission on Mission and Evangelism (2009-2012).
A former church planter and seminary faculty member, she is the author of Radical Welcome: Embracing God, The Other and the Spirit of Transformation. A native of Kentucky, Stephanie now lives in New York City.
She graduated from Episcopal Divinity School with a Masters of Divinity; Harvard Divinity School with a Masters of Theological Studies; and Wake Forest University with a Bachelors in Religion, where she began organizing for justice and peace.


I did visit England this past May, and attend the RHS Chelsea Flower Show, before the summer of drought. On a later summer visit to Ireland, in August, the gardeners at Powerscourt were bemoaning the drought and its effect on their beautiful gardens. I must say, the gardens were still spectacular and I can't wait to visit them again!


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Featured: Top of Home Page
'Law & Order: SVU' Might Be Schlock But It Might Also Be Changing the World for the Better
Matt Minich
(Poster / IMP Awards)
NBC's super-popular sex crime drama is shlocky, hamfisted, and problematic. But some critics and social scientists think it might help create a culture of consent.
If it's renewed for another season (which is likely), Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (hereafter SVU) will start its 20th year of programming this Fall. That would make it one of the longest-running live-action scripted series on prime time TV. It would enter a three-way tie with the original Law & Order (1990-2010) and Gunsmoke (1955-1975).
You could be forgiven for thinking that doesn't sound like big news but it is noteworthy. Because while its mass appeal is obvious to anyone who has watched American TV in the 21st century, SVU doesn't seem on paper like a sure-fire crowdpleaser.
By contrast, Gunsmoke and Law & Order were both obvious classics. Both used proven genres (the western and police procedural), and both existed in universes broad enough to allow all sorts of plotlines. Gunsmoke stories were constrained only by the borders of Dodge City, and focused on everything from high adventure to domestic romance. Likewise, classic Law & Order episodes could focus on pretty much any crime story, provided it featured New York City cops, blasé eyewitnesses, and Anthora cups.
SVU, on the other hand, is pretty much always about rape.
The show -- probably the first scripted series in TV history to focus exclusively on sexual assault -- and its writers have successfully used stories about rape and the prosecution of rapists to hold the attention of millions for almost two decades (the current season of SVU still draws more than five million viewers an episode, which is down from three times that number in earlier seasons). That run coincides with a nationwide reckoning about sexual harassment and sexual assault. In true Law & Order fashion (the franchise has long traded on its "ripped from the headlines" storylines), SVU has fictionalized the stories of Brock Turner, Bill Cosby, Harvey Weinstein, and countless others. In doing, the show has become one of the most prolific mythologizers of our ongoing discussion about sex crimes.
Mariska Hargitay and Paula Marshall in "Imposter" (Photo by NBC/Michael Parmelee/NBC - © 2016 NBCUniversal Media, LLC_ (IMDB)
So two decades in, how should we feel about Law & Order: SVU? Is it a good show? Is it good for us? Does it have a place in an enlightened society, or is it just a cultural blemish that we'll later look back on and wince?
The first of those questions is easy. SVU is not a good show. Sure, it's now won six primetime Emmy's and been nominated for 25. And sure, lead actress Mariska Hargitay earned the Law & Order franchise its first Golden Globe for her portrayal of Detective (and later Lieutenant) Olivia Benson. But ask pretty much any serious SVU viewer, and they'll tell you the same thing: the show is strangely comforting junk, best consumed in a private binge. It's the narrative equivalent of grocery store fried chicken. SVU is the sort of show people hoard on their DVRs for use during bouts of depression -- the sort networks marathon during holidays as a salve for the isolated and alone. It's schlocky, cliché-ridden, and built around rape fantasies that are often sadistic to the point of absurdity. If any TV show could be said to rot our brains, it would be SVU.
So the answer to the next two questions should be equally obvious: of course SVU is not good for us. Of course it's not good for society. It's just another of the many little vulgarities that we collectively tolerate (and quietly indulge in) while we aspire to a better world.
Maybe not. As most long-time viewers of the show have noticed, SVU has made a real effort to keep pace with the times. It's changed over the years (Vox's Dylan Matthews wrote an outstanding history of the show in 2016, published on Vox), but has always stayed at least somewhat in tune with the feminist blogosphere. From the show's earliest seasons, its characters have stubbornly insisted on the right of sexual assault survivors to be believed regardless of status or circumstance. Many of the show's victims are sex workers. Some are violated by their partners or have murky recollections of the event. Some quite literally asked for sex, then changed their minds. All are taken seriously by the elite detectives of the Special Victims Unit.
In SVU, rape kits are taken and tested promptly. Suspected rapists are arrested, publicly shamed, and intimidated in interrogation rooms. Cases are quickly brought to trial by a super-competent DA who treats every case like a personal vendetta. Courtrooms are packed with spectators. Surprise witnesses are called. And villains are usually (but not always) vanquished in the end with a harsh sentence and public reckoning.
That experience is a fantasy, of course. Real-life victims of sexual assault are often not believed even by the police they report the crime to ("Beyond Belief? Police, Rape and Women's Credibility", Jan Jordan, 1 Feb 2004, Sage Journal. Even when victims are able to identify their rapists to police, those rapists seldom spend a single moment in a courtroom. As detailed in a recent HBO documentary co-produced by Mariska Hargitay, I Am Evidence (2017) rape kits often go untested for decades. In the real-life criminal justice system, sexually based offenses are often dismissed as being un-prosecutable. So if it does nothing else, SVU offers a vision of a criminal justice system that takes women and sexual assault seriously. Considering the show's audience is made up mostly of women, critics have argued convincingly that this is at the heart of the show's appeal.
When they've spoken publicly, SVU's writers and showrunners haven't been bashful about their motivations: their primary intention, for good or ill, is to entertain their audience. But as a secondary mission, the men and women behind SVU see their show partly as a vehicle for education. Hargitay herself was waded deep into advocacy, co-producing the aforementioned documentary and helping to launch the No More initiative (the full SVU cast participated in PSAs for No More in 2014).
Episodes are laden with real-life lessons about consent, domestic violence, and the psychological impacts of sexual assault. In Season 18's "Broken Rhymes AKA Bad Rap", in which a transgender woman is raped murdered, detectives repeatedly stress the legitimacy of trans identity and the importance of pronouns (even the street-hardened Detective Tutuola, played by Ice-T, never misgenders the victim). In "Imposter", the team clarifies that gaining consent through fraud can also constitute rape. In Season 11's "Witness", Hargitay's Detective Benson became an internet meme with the line "She could run around naked. That doesn't excuse rape."
Ice-T, Mariska Hargitay, Kelli Giddish, and Peter Scanavino in "Broken Rhymes AKA Bad Rap" (Photo by NBC/David Giesbrecht/NBC - © 2016 NBCUniversal Media , LLC) (IMDB)
Once you start looking for these educational interjections in SVU, you start to see them everywhere. You see what The New Yorker's Emily Nussbaum described as "uneasy" wavering "between P.S.A. and pornography" ("Trauma Queen: The Pulp Appeal of "Law & Order: SVU", 2013). It becomes clear that the show's creators are trying not just to hold your attention, but to do something with it. Something good.
So far, only one published study has examined the impacts of SVU's approach ("Law & Order, CSI, and NCIS", Taylor Francis Online, 29 Sep 2015). Led by the Washington State University's Dr. Stacey Hust, the study found that students who watched Law & Order: SVU were better educated about consent than their peers. That means they were less likely to believe common "rape myths": that entering a date's apartment equates to consent, for example, or that rape can't occur within a committed relationship. They also seemed to be better sexual citizens overall, reporting that they were more likely to adhere to their partners' expressions of consent and more likely to refuse unwanted sexual activity. These traits were more associated with SVU viewing than almost any other variable tested in the study, with the notable exception of gender (women were far less likely to believe rape myths and far more likely to respect consent decisions than men). The study also asked subjects about two other serial crime dramas, CSI and NCIS, but only SVU seemed to make a positive difference.
In their conclusions, Hust et al. posit that Law & Order: SVU might be more than just good for us. Its effects, they suggest, indicate "that crime dramas may be a useful tool for health communication practitioners focused on preventing sexual assault." Just as Captain Planet and the Planeteers (an animated environmentalist television program, by Ted Turner and Barbara Pyle) helped instill environmental values in a generation of kids, this study suggests that a show like SVU could bring us closer to a culture of consent.
That's a pleasant thought, particularly for those of us who have spent dozens of hours with the show. Even if it's not itself a perfect vehicle for cultural change (and, as someone who has watched a lot of SVU, I can say for sure that it isn't), SVU might have something to teach us about writing entertaining television with a good, persuasive intent. It's not going to be the show that changes the world, but it might serve as a decent prototype.
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consent rape dick wolf mariska hargitay ice-t christopher meloni sex crime drama #metoo law & order: svu
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Iodine Drops Review – How Much To Take for Thyroid Health & More
Iodine Drop Types
Why People Use Iodine Drops
Best Supplements
Liquid iodine drops are purported to boost metabolism and support general well-being in people who have low dietary intake of this mineral.
Iodine is an essential trace chemical element, required by the body to make adequate amounts of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones. If you have an underactive thyroid, the body's metabolic rate can slow, resulting in a range of potential health problems.
Some of the possible benefits of taking iodine drops include supporting thyroid health, improving detoxification and promoting cognitive function.
Iodine also acts as an antioxidant, can reduce systemic inflammation and is required to prevent the uptake of toxic halogens like astatine, fluorine, chlorine and bromine into the thyroid gland.
Based on user reviews, people take this supplement to improve energy levels, enhance mental sharpness, boost weight loss, promote hair and skin health, support wound healing, promote normal menstrual cycles, and to bolster immune function.
Essential Mineral
Important for thyroid hormones & metabolism
Supports mental function & immunity
Essential nutrient with multiple roles in the body
Between 50 - 250 mg per day
Generally Well Tolerated
Top Iodine Products* ❯
Types of Iodine Drops
Oral iodine drop supplements are available in several forms to ensure adequate intake of this essential micronutrient.
The most common forms of liquid products include nascent iodine, iosol, SSKI (saturated solution of potassium iodide), sodium iodide, Lugol's solution and USP iodine tincture (topical use only).
Some forms are organically derived from natural sources such as seaweed – particularly kelp, bladderwrack extracts and blue-green algae. Other forms are made from mining sea salts, such as potassium iodide.
According to Dr. Jeffrey Dach, you should choose an iodine supplement that contains both molecular iodine and iodide. He says that is important because the body needs both types to function optimally but cannot convert between one another.
Dosages and recommendations for use vary depending on the product used. Below are some of the serving sizes suggested for popular products sold on Amazon:
J.CROW'S Lugol's Solution of Iodine 5% – 12.50 mg (5.0 mg iodine and 7.50 mg iodide)
Detoxadine Premium Organic Nano-Colloidal Nascent Iodine Supplement – 1,950 mcg (1300% DV)
Infowars Survival Shield X-2 Nascent Iodine (1 oz.) – 650 mcg (433% DV)
Go Nutrients Nascent Iodine Supplement High Potency Liquid Drops – 2,694 mcg (1,796% DV)
Why Do People Use Iodine Drops?
Iodine is a natural trace element that is important for proper thyroid function. By supporting the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), iodine plays a key role in metabolic processes that influence every cell in the human body.
Thyroid hormones control the rate of cellular activity and can influence mitochondrial function, temperature regulation, blood glucose levels as well as the breakdown of stored fats to use as fuel.
Normal thyroid hormone levels can contribute to brain health, energy and mood balance, healthy weight regulation, improved skin, nail and hair quality, as well as the health of reproductive organs and more.
Independent of its effects on thyroid function, tesearch shows that this mineral also demonstrates antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, prodifferentiating, and proapoptotic effects.
NMCD states that iodine is used for endemic goiter (enlarged thyroid), thyroid dysfunction, thyroid storm and exposure to radioactive iodides. It is also used commonly for weight loss, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and preventing thyroid cancer.
Iodine is also used to improve various dermatological conditions. NMCD states that topical use of liquid solutions containing this mineral may improve eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, wound healing and diabetic ulcers.
Liquid iodine drops are also used to purify water due to their anti-microbial effects.
Iodine is especially important for developing fetuses and infants because it is required for normal brain myelination. Pregnant and nursing mothers after often recommended to supplement their diet with this mineral to promote normal brain development in their children.
How to Take Iodine Drops
Different products contain different concentrations of elemental iodine per serving. Furthermore, some forms of iodine are better absorbed and retained by the body than others.
It is best to seek medical advice about the optimal iodine dosage for you. Consider your dietary intake of this mineral as well when determining how much to use as an oral supplement.
According to the FDA, "average iodine intakes in the United States range from 138 to 353 mcg/day across all age and gender groups." [1]
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for iodine is 150 micrograms in healthy adults. This is the estimated amount of nutrient intake per day recommended to maintain good health in 97% of the general population, according to the US Food and Nutrition Board.
Some health professionals contend that the average person needs significantly more than the RDA to promote optimal health. Dietary supplements often provide between 100 – 2000% of the Daily Value for this mineral.
Iodine deficiency is believed to be a significant problem in certain parts of the world, but not in the United States. Fortification of table salt and other foods with iodine is believed to have effectively reduced rates of goiter and thyroid dysfunction which were previously prevalent in Michigan and other parts of the country.
While many sources claim iodine deficiency is rare in the US, some health professionals disagree. According to Dr. David Brownstein, "My research has shown over 96% of the nearly 5,000 patients I have tested deficient (and most severely deficient) in iodine." [4]
In the US and Canada, the UL (upper tolerable daily amount) for iodine is 1,100 micrograms (1.1 mg). NMCD says that in countries like Japan, average consumption is much higher without causing negative health effects.
The median dietary intake of iodine in Japan ranges from 5280 mcg to 13,800 mcg. This is attributed to greater consumption of edible seaweeds which have high mineral content. [2]
Dr. David Brownstein, recommend taking between 6 to 50 mg per day to restore health and correct a deficiency. Some treatment protocols for cancer and other conditions have used dosages as high as 480 – 570 mg of oral iodine. Doses this high should only be taken under close medical supervision.
Dr. Brownstein says that there is no standard dosage recommendation that applies to all people. He says that individual requirements depends on several factors including:
Exposure to toxins like mercury, chlorine, fluorine, bromine and astatine;
The presence of severe health conditions like kidney disease, HIV/AIDS and cancer;
The body's ability to assimilate and utilize nutrients;
Dr. Joseph Mercola recommends begining iodine supplementation at very low doses and only increasing slowly while self-monitoring for adverse effects.
You should ask your healthcare provider about the best iodine dosage for your current health state.
Safety & Health Risks
According to NMCD, iodine is rated Likely Safe when used orally in dosages that do not exceed the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). They note that higher dosages can be used safely with appropriate medical monitoring in therapeutic contexts.
However, getting too much iodine in the diet for prolonged periods of time can cause serious adverse reactions and lead to thyroid dysfunction.
Some possible symptoms of chronic iodine toxicity include goiter, atrial fibrillation, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis and thyroid papillary cancer. [3]
In rare cases, acute iodine poisoning can cause mouth sores, burning in the throat and/or stomach, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. In very rare cases, weak pulse and coma have resulted.
Acute iodine poisoning is extremely rare and only occurs when takings supplemental dosages many times greater than the recommended intake.
Most people do not experience negative effects from using iodine drops or pills. This product is generally well tolerated, but could cause stomach irritation, burning of the mouth or throat, fever, nausea, vomiting and cardiovascular problems.
Best Iodine Drop Supplements
When selecting an iodine supplement, it is recommended to chose products that contain both iodine and iodide in adequate amounts.
Lugol's solution is one of the most popular forms of oral iodine drops. It is commonly available in 2% and 5% concentrations.
Dr. Dcah says that 5% Lugol's provides 2.5 milligrams of iodide and 3.75 milligrams of iodine in each drop. 2% Lugol's provides 1.5 mg of iodide and 2.5 mg of iodine per drop.
This natural health product can interact with certain health conditions and medications. Be especially careful if using iodine with antithyroid drugs, potassium-sparing diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. [3]
Murray CW1, Egan SK, Kim H, Beru N, Bolger PM. US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2008 Nov;18(6):571-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.jes.7500648. Epub 2008 Jan 2.
Patrick L1. Iodine: deficiency and therapeutic considerations Altern Med Rev. 2008 Jun;13(2):116-27.
Iodine Factsheet. National Institutes of Health.
Dr. Brownstein. 80% of Pregnant Women Are Iodine Deficient. Aug 17 2009.
Article last updated on: July 2nd, 2018 by Nootriment
OVERVIEW: Iodine is an essential chemical element that the body cannot produce, so it must come from the diet. The thyroid gland needs iodine to make hormones involved in metabolism.
USED FOR: Iodine deficiency, Thyroid conditions, Weight loss, Preventing breast cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Dermatitis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Emergency radiation treatment.
MECHANISM: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. These hormones control various body functions, including growth, development, and metabolic rate. Iodine also has been shown to have immune boosting and antioxidant effects.
DOSAGE: Recommended dietary allowance for adults is 150 mcg per day; Tolerable upper intake level is 1100 mcg per day.
SIDE EFFECTS: Iodine is rated as Likely Safe when used orally or topically and appropriately. Generally well tolerated; mild side effects include nausea, stomach pain, runny nose, headache, diarrhea, and rash (when used topically).
INTERACTIONS: ACE inhibitors, Amiodarone, Angiotensin receptor blockers, Anti-thyroid drugs, Lithium, Potassium sparing diuretics. No known interactions with any herbs or supplements.
Top Iodine Supplements
TOP IODINE SUPPLEMENTS *


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Atlanta Hawks shock Philadelphia 76ers en route to second Eastern Conference finals in 50 years
Andrew LopezESPN
Atlanta Hawks forward John Collins was in a good mood on Sunday night, and with good reason.
After watching his Hawks defeat the host Philadelphia 76ers 103-96, Collins was all smiles. Maybe it was because he'd been through three losing seasons in Atlanta. Maybe it was because he was wearing a T-shirt with a picture of his dunk on Sixers center Joel Embiid from Game 6.
Either way, the longest-tenured Hawk on the roster at four seasons was a happy man.
The 76ers are running short on excuses after another early playoff exit
2yTim Bontemps
The Atlanta Hawks troll Philadelphia 76ers after Game 7
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"Everybody is fired up," Collins said. "We've worked all year to be in moments like this. Game 7, I feel like we all had each other's back. We couldn't have wanted anything else more than we did tonight. We pulled through for a victory."
In Collins' first three seasons in Atlanta, the Hawks were 73-158, the fourth-worst winning percentage over that span (2017-20). Last season, they weren't invited to the bubble in Orlando, Florida. The losses just continued to pile up. And things also didn't appear to be improving to start the 2020-21 season either.
On March 1, the Hawks were 14-20 and they had just fired their head coach. Three and a half months later, they are waltzing into the Eastern Conference finals. It was the franchise's first win in a road Game 7 in 10 attempts. The win sends the Hawks to the conference finals for only the second time in the past 50 years -- and to a place that seemed unthinkable to many when Nate McMillan took over as interim coach for Lloyd Pierce.
When asked if he thought this was possible when he took over, McMillan instead pointed to what he was trying to build as the new man in charge.
"What we tried to do was build a culture that will produce winning and create a style that will give these guys an opportunity to win games," McMillan said. "That's respecting the game. You play the game with effort every single night. You play the game together. And you trust in each other.
"Those were the things I was trying to build with this group. I felt like we had some talent even though it was young talent. If we could get that in our system and basically learn to execute and play to win, I felt we could win some games."
The Hawks are just the third team under the current playoff format (since 1984) to make the conference finals despite having a losing record at the All-Star break, when Atlanta was 16-20. The other two teams to do so -- the 2012 Celtics (15-17) and the 1984 Suns (19-24) -- did not make the NBA Finals.
McMillan is also the seventh coach in NBA history to take a team to the conference finals during a season in which he became the head coach during the season. The previous four coaches to do so -- Tyronn Lue (2016 Cavaliers), Pat Riley (twice: 2006 Heat, 1982 Lakers) and Paul Westhead (1980 Lakers) -- all led their teams to the NBA championship.
The Hawks came away with three wins on the road this series in order to advance and did so despite a poor shooting night from star guard Trae Young. The third-year point guard, who had been so steady so far in the playoffs, shot 5-of-23 from the field and 2-of-11 from the 3-point line.
However, Young came up with his second made 3-pointer at a crucial juncture as he nailed a 29-footer with 2:31 left to put the Hawks up by seven.
The Sixers were able to get the lead back down to one, but after Matisse Thybulle fouled Kevin Huerter on a 3-point attempt with 54 seconds to go, Huerter knocked down all three free throws to push it back to a four-point game. On the ensuing possession, Embiid turned the ball over on a spin move as Danilo Gallinari knocked the ball away. Huerter scooped up the loose ball and tossed it ahead to Gallinari, who slammed it home to quiet the Philadelphia faithful.
It was the second consecutive hostile environment the Hawks have had to play in after going through the New York Knicks in Madison Square Garden in the first round.
"We went to two tough places and played," Young said. "It was a great environment. Loved it. Loved the s--- talking. Loved everything about it. It's been great. We got two victories. I'm happy about that. It's been fun."
Young finished with 21 points and 10 assists. According to ESPN Stats & Information research, he is the second player in Hawks history to record a points-assists double-double on the road in a Game 7. The only other Hawk to do so is current Philadelphia coach Doc Rivers.
Young also now has 12 consecutive games with at least 20 points and seven assists, the longest such streak in NBA postseason history.
"The confidence is still there. The confidence is going to remain the same," Young said. "Everybody is happy we made it to the Eastern Conference finals but we're not satisfied. It's great that we're here, but we still got some games left."
The Hawks last made the conference finals in 2015, when they were eventually swept by the Cleveland Cavaliers. Prior to that, they hadn't made the round prior to the NBA Finals since the 1969-70 season, when they lost the then-division finals to the Los Angeles Lakers. At that time, only one series victory was needed to advance that far.
The last time the Hawks reached the NBA Finals was in 1961, when the St. Louis Hawks lost to the Boston Celtics.
While Young struggled to get going from the field and with starting guard Bogdan Bogdanovic hampered by a knee injury, Huerter took on the scoring burden. He finished with a playoff career-high 27 points. Huerter's regular-season career high also came in Philadelphia, when he hit 29 points back in his rookie season.
Like Collins, Huerter remembers hearing about development over the past few seasons but knew that this season was supposed to be different. The Hawks traded for Clint Capela during the previous season and spent the offseason signing free agents like Gallinari. They made an in-season trade for Lou Williams to help provide a scoring punch off the bench.
"It's been a long couple of years. It's been a long two years being at the bottom of the East," Huerter said. "And this year, trying to flip a switch and our whole mindset changed. The development process was over. Just kind of the culmination up to this point, the three years of guys just working and believing what we're trying to build here in Atlanta and what we're continuing to try and build here.
"It's been a great three years, but hopefully the ride is just starting."


These custom boarding pass wedding invitations feature a printed antique background with turquoise blue swirls, hibiscus flowers and map of Hawaii with a red heart on the wedding destination and red text accents. The airline ticket invitation and luggage tag RSVP card were enclosed in a turquoise pocket folder, which featured a palm tree on the front and Hawaiian map and hibiscus flowers printed inside, along with additional travel information for the guests.
These custom wedding invitations feature a tree with olive green, deep purple and gray leaves with two green loves birds sitting on a branch and two gray daisy flowers at the base of the trunk. The matching RSVP card features the same tree and love birds with cute bird themed response options.
Perfect for any Southern inspired wedding, these custom wedding invitations feature a stack of vintage books in navy blue with a gray old-fashioned lantern sitting on top, and navy blue text with gray and blush pink script accents. The invitation is backing with navy blue card stock for a layered, bordered look. The coordinating response card includes the same navy, gray and pink text with another gray vintage lantern hanging from the wording. The information card provides more details about the wedding venue and wedding website, with a gray magnolia flower in the center. We also designed matching day-of wedding stationery including a large seating chart poster with magnolia flower, one-sided menus with rustic books and lantern, personalized notecards with gray magnolia, and two-sided ceremony programs with gray flower.
To first set the tone for this beautiful Southern wedding, we created custom photo save-the-date postcards, which featured 3 of the couple's engagement portraits, the navy vintage book stack topped with gray lantern, gray magnolia flower, hanging gray lantern, pink borders and pink map of Virginia with the venue location starred in gray.
These floral wedding invitations feature red peony flowers and leaves surrounding the text in black with red script accents. The matching information card and RSVP include the same red floral illustrations along the top and bottom of the cards.
Designed especially for this Virginia mountain lodge wedding, these custom pocketfold wedding invitations feature a skyline of the Blue Ridge Mountains in shades of dark to light blues with dark green pine trees and a pale green mountain dirt path leading the way to the lodge. The mountain skyline invitation is glued into a pale pistachio green pocketfold, which holds three cards in the pocket. Each enclosure card includes a light blue border with pale green and pink accents. The RSVP card features a pink dogwood flower, the rehearsal dinner card includes the pale green and tan pathway from the invitation, and the details card features dark green pine trees. The front of the pocketfold is adorned with a small square tag with the same pink dogwood flower and the couple's monogram.
Elegant yet modern, these custom wedding invitations feature mint green swirls and border with dark antique gold abstract flowers and swirly script font and dark gray text. An information card accompanies the invitation with details about the reception, gift registry and RSVP. We also designed matching programs for the ceremony with the same green and gold floral swirls and a green border around the front.


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Faith Front Page WorldTESTING THE FAITH
Anglican Church votes yes to women bishops
'Huge step forward in making our society fairer'
Published July 14, 2014 at 1:01pm
(REUTERS) — The Church of England voted on Monday to allow women to become bishops, a historic decision which overturns centuries of tradition in a Church that has been deeply divided over the issue.
Two years ago, a similar proposal failed narrowly due to opposition from traditionalist lay members, to the dismay of modernisers, the Church hierarchy and politicians.
But after a five-hour debate on Monday, the General Synod, the governing body of the Church of England, voted overwhelmingly in favour of an amended plan at its meeting in the northern English city of York.
"Today is the completion of what was begun over 20 years ago with the ordination of women as priests. I am delighted with today's result," said Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby, spiritual leader of the world's 80 million Anglicans.


On this Valentines Day I wanted to take a minute and give thanks to the "Start-up Spouse". While most attention (both good and bad) tends to focus on the "documented" founders of these start-ups, we all know there are very important people working behind the scenes to support and enable these founders.
Derrick and I both know that we would not be able to build our dream without the solid foundation and backing provided by our "Start-up Spouses".
While the list is endless, I am going to limit this blog in the interest of time!
Thank you for proofreading that blog, for the 100th time and still finding my mistakes.
Thank you for managing and updating Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, and Foursquare.
Thank you for listening to me talk about PDOExceptions, Unit Tests, and SQL queries and walking me through solving issues — even though you really don't know what I am talking about!
Thank you for staying up late and "pair programming" with me even though you have never written a line of code.
Thank you for revising that investor deck for the 100th time.
Than you for picking me up breakfast, lunch, and dinner and bringing it to the booth so I don't have to eat the $10 concession stand hot dogs.
Thank you for the late night coffee, Rockstar, Redbull, back massages, counseling session, and support group session.
Thank you for being the companies Help Desk, Copywriter, CFO, Graphic Designer, HR Representative, and Chief Marketing Officer.
Thank you for being my most important adviser, board member, and investor.
Thank you for reminding me to be a Husband, Father, Brother, Son first!
While this thank you is meant for every Start-up and Entrepreneurial spouse out there, I want to give a special thank you to Laura and Jessica. Without you our dream would not survive.
Gibby, you should have had her proofread this blog. Nice comments, totally agree!