text:
SacRep's Elliott Eyes Open Cup Double
Coach Simon Elliott is drawing on his past as an Open Cup-winning midfielder ahead of his Sacramento Republic's Fourth Round date with his one-time club San Jose Earthquakes.
Frank Dell'Apa June 10 2019
Simon Elliott wasn't the most glamorous player, but that didn't discourage top coaches from seeking him out. It started with Bobby Clark, who coached Elliott with the New Zealand national team, then brought him to Stanford University. After that, Elliott played for John Kerr and Steve Nicol at the old Boston Bulldogs, Sigi Schmid (LA Galaxy) and MLS Cup winners Frank Yallop and Robin Fraser among others.
It stands to reason, with that type of early influence, that Elliott would make a successful coach himself someday. And the record is bearing him out as Elliott has guided the Sacramento Republic to a 29W-14L-10D mark in the space of two seasons. The Republic stands in sixth place in the USL Western Conference and has advanced to a Fourth-Round Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup meeting with one of Elliott's former teams, the San Jose Earthquakes, after dramatic wins over Reno 1868 and Fresno FC.
Sacramento needed a last-second goal against Fresno to reach the Fourth Round
"The rules were different then, and you could only have three foreigners in the team," Elliott, 44, said of his start in Major League Soccer in 1999. "New Zealanders are not the go-to choice of foreigners here – anywhere, really. They want high-profile guys from strong soccer countries. But if you want to do it bad enough you find a way."
When Schmid Came Calling
Elliott was not selected in the 1999 MLS SuperDraft. So Kerr and Nicol, who were player-coaches with the Bulldogs, brought Elliott to play for the USISL team in Framingham, Massachusetts. Elliott would play three games for the team and might have stayed longer, but Sigi Schmid was hired by the Galaxy on April 22, 1999 and Elliott's was one of his first names he put down on his wish-list.
Simon Elliott brings Open Cup and MLS experience – Photo by Sacramento Republic
Schmid would go on to become MLS' winningest coach, and his first trophy would be the 2001 U.S. Open Cup, with Elliott anchoring the midfield. "We had a good team in those days," Elliott said. "We had lost in the Final the year before and I hardly remember details of the game but it's a fun competition. We played at Fullerton and I remember the photo of the team with [Phil] Anschutz."
Anschutz, one of MLS' most reclusive investors, shed his shyness as the Galaxy took a 2-1 golden goal victory over the New England Revolution at Titan Stadium on Oct. 27, 2001. He raced out of the press box, pulled out a victory cigar, and joined the Galaxy in an on-field celebration as the team overcame the frustration of a third MLS Cup Final defeat the previous week. "It meant an awful lot to us and it meant a lot to him," Elliott recalled. "He was a big supporter of the Galaxy and the league and, obviously, he still is. It's pretty cool how much it means to folks."
The Galaxy appeared on the way to another defeat in the '01 final as the Revolution's Wolde Harris opened the scoring in the 30th minute. But with the Galaxy pushing for an equalizer, the Revolution's Andy Williams missed an open net after pulling Kevin Hartman out of position. Ezra Hendrickson equalized for the Galaxy, curling a cross into the far corner of the goal over Jose Carlos Fernandez in the 69th minute. Schmid added aging veteran Alexi Lalas as an extra striker as the Galaxy went into extra-time with a numerical advantage (Jay Heaps had been red-carded for the Revs in the 88th minute), and Danny Califf headed in a 92nd-minute decider.
Elliott is set to face his old club in the Fourth Round – Photo by Sacramento Republic
Galaxy Survivors from 2001 Cup
The Galaxy lineup that day included two other current coaches whose teams are alive in the 2019 edition of the U.S. Open Cup: Paul Caligiuri (Orange County FC) and Ezra 'E.Z.' Hendrickson, now an assistant with the Galaxy.
The '01 final filled Titan Stadium with an attendance of 4,195. The crowd likely would have been greater had the Final been awarded to the Revolution, who'd planned to stage the match at Foxboro Stadium. But Anschutz hungered for a championship, regardless of the size of the crowd, and successfully lobbied for the Galaxy to host the Final instead. A year later, the Galaxy defeated the Revolution, again in extra time, for the MLS Cup before 61,316 at Gillette Stadium.
A finish for the books! 🗣📚@SacRepublicFC takes down @FFCFoxes in a back-and-forth battle on the LAST touch of the match!
Final | 1-0 AET | #USOC2019
📺 Highlights ⤵ pic.twitter.com/sBvbG2SXlS
— U.S. Open Cup (@opencup) May 30, 2019
Schmid would go on to win another MLS Cup with the Columbus Crew and four more Open Cup titles with the Seattle Sounders (2009, '10, '11, '14).
"Sigi was a motivating guy, he loved the game and worked very hard to make his teams competitive and hard to play against," Elliott said. "When he was at UCLA and I was at Stanford we played each other and that's how he knew me. He had a number of guys from UCLA, and guys like Mauricio Cienfuegos were already there, and he drafted some younger guys to complement them. He was starting his MLS career and he had vast experience, so he knew exactly what he was doing, so he let guys get after it in training and the team coalesced that way."
Elliott played for the Columbus Crew's 2004 Supporters Shield-winners under Greg Andrulis and moved to England and Fulham under Chris Coleman in 2006. Elliott's stay with the Whites ended because of injury before he could compete in an FA Cup match.
EPL Experience
"It's great, highly competitive, and it's perform or you're done," Elliott said of the Premier League. "Pretty simple. It's real clinical over there. It is intense, incredibly fast-paced and that's why people watch it around the world. It was a valuable experience in a lot of ways. I probably learned more from the bad stuff – I tore my Achilles and it was a real grind."
An upset against San Jose would put SacRep into the Round of 16 – Photo by Sacramento Republic
Elliott recovered to join the San Jose Earthquakes under Yallop's direction, made three starts in the 2010 FIFA World Cup with New Zealand and concluded his MLS career with Chivas USA. Elliott worked as technical director of Chivas USA and with the Republic Academy teams before being named head coach in Sacramento last season after the departure of Paul Buckle.
With the Republic, Elliott has tapped into his Stanford connections for Drew Skundrich and Sam Werner, who combined on the deciding goal in a 1-0 victory over Reno in a rainstorm in the Second Round of this year's Open Cup. In the Republic's 1-0 extra time victory over the USL Championship side from Fresno, Stefano Bonomo, another Bay Area product, headed in on the final touch of the match.
"I think we have a good team, good potential," Elliott said "Our performances haven't been there. We have to be more consistent and we have to be correctly tuned in to compete at the top. Playing an MLS team is a challenge. We're certainly the underdogs, being a USL team. Everyone talks about the one-off game and you never know."
2019 US Open Cup

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


On 8 June, the Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO) adopted a draft position on "The fight against Cybercrime". MEP Anneleen Van Bossuyt (ECR, BE) was the Rapporteur for this opinion on an own-initiative report drafted by MEP Elissavet Vozemberg-Vrionidi (EPP, EL) for the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE). An own initiative report is a non-binding document used by the European Parliament to send a political message to the European Commission. The draft position was adopted with 29 votes in favour, two against and 1 abstention.
The own-initiative report on "The fight against Cybercrime" tackles six main issues: prevention (cyber resilience of IT systems and awareness raising), responsibility of service providers, judicial cooperation, collection of data (including e-evidence), capacity building and cooperation with third countries. The amendments adopted by the MEPs in the IMCO Committee stress the vulnerability of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as they "are often not as well protected as traditional devices connected to the internet".
Voluntary measures, such as standards, remain a key element in the adopted text. These measures should be developed "on the basis of relevant EU legislation, such as the NIS Directive", and actors from the private sector should be encouraged to implement them. For instance, the use of the IoT trust label should be promoted.


FACT: In this day & age, a good music video will do more to perpetuate your career than any other single-handed effort.
Sure, I grew up on MTV – but I caught the back-end of an arguably great era. I saw a couple great summers of TRL, but I also had to witness the travesties of Blind Date, Jersey Shore, and the like. Let's just say me watching MTV was why Kurt Cobain started doing heroin in the first place.
It took a long time and a series of musical preference changes for me to realize that music VIDEO could stand as an art-form all its own.
That being said, these videos showcase the reasons why I choose to continue to stay relevant in modern music culture. People have things to say. Let them speak.
Tiga comes through with Droog for an epic night at Sound.
The Well is offering free entry with RSVP before 11P.M.
Just in case you haven't realized it yet, Disclosure is the band you'll be listening to all summer (at least between iterations of Daft Punk), Their funky blend of UK garage has had everyone in the dance community on their feet for the past year, and they're in a position to make a big splash with their full-length release, "Settle".
I had a chance to see them on Halloween night in Los Angeles – one of their first shows ever in the U.S. – and I have to say, it was pretty incredible. These young kids bring a sensibility to the game that is going to go a long way.
This video release of their interview/initial Brooklyn show is about everything you need to see.
…And just when I thought I couldn't love Flight Facilities any more, they go off and pull a stunt like this.
I would have thought their creative prowess was evidenced sufficiently in release of "Clair de Lune (ft. Christine Hoberg)" this past year (which would have been enough to sustain my interest and undivided attention for all of 2013), but this Aussie cohort stepped it up in January with a creative project that reignited my faith in the future of music.
In a series of custom mixes commissioned for Triple J, Flight Facilities not only highlights the best tracks in the history of dance music but also the cultural changes which allowed those songs to flourish.
The most recent, Week #1, consists of a sultry ride thru the hits of 1972-1982, including jams from the soul of Al Green to the disco of David Bowie. More importantly, you'll find interwoven and complimentary audio clips from historical events ranging from Nixon's resignation, the Vietnam war, John Lennon's death, and the early onset of AIDS – basically, the historical events that birthed and nurtured the sounds of the times.
Flight Facilities plans to release another THREE mixes in the upcoming month which will bring dance music (and culture) up to the present era (i.e. 2012).
This Aussie cohort has certainly done their research and it's evident in the care taken with this first mix. You can read more about the entire process here. I can only imagine the next three mixes will exemplify the same commitment to excellence.


You may have noticed that every month marks a new health observance. (Let's be real, you could lit-ruh-lee celebrate something every day if you want!) And in June, it's all about the men. So, in honor of #MensHealthMonth, I thought it would be fun to do some myth-busting around common health and wellness myths the menfolk tend to believe. Is your man falling victim to these alternative facts? Keep scrolling to find out more!
Only meats contain protein. While meats (including beef, pork, poultry, and game) are protein-rich foods, so are these other options: seafood, shellfish, eggs, beans, soy products, nuts and seeds.
More meat = more muscle. We hate to break it ya fellas. The only way to increase muscle mass is to work those muscles. Any extra protein you eat above and beyond your daily energy needs will just result in extra lbs.
I have to eat "rabbit food" in order to lose weight. There's no doubt that eating more fruits and vegetables will increase the nutritional quality of your diet and likely aid in your weight loss efforts, but it's important to include a balance of fruits, vegetables, protein, grains, and dairy foods at mealtime. Doing so allows you to get the nutrition your body needs and helps you make it from meal to meal without feeling overly hungry in between.
I have to work out for at least 60 minutes for it to "count". Actually, spreading out your physical activity throughout your week can make it more manageable for you to achieve the minutes you need to support your health and wellness goals. Just remember that at least 10 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity counts towards your overall physical activity minutes each week!
I need to drink a sports drink when I work out. Being active, especially outside, requires us to be well-hydrated to prevent overheating and for optimal performance. But the truth is, for activities lasting less than one hour, water is an ideal choice to rehydrate with, while sports drinks often contain a lot of unnecessary added sugar and calories.
If it's healthy, I can eat as much as I want. Making healthy food choices can be half the battle when aiming to eat healthier. However, the other half includes paying attention to your portions sizes, because too much of anything can cause weight gain. Case in point, almonds. Almonds are seen as a heart-healthy food, but when we enjoy a small snack size (1/4 cup) vs. several handfuls (1 cup), 200 calories quickly becomes over 800 calories! That 600 calorie difference can be working against your health goals.
What other health myths does your man believe? Tell us in the comments below!


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During the final semester of their second year, I School MIMS students undertake final projects. The program's interdisciplinary nature makes many kinds of projects suitable. Some students design and implement a prototype information system. Others engage in a significant research project leading to a written thesis.
The MIMS Final Project Presentation and Competition is sponsored by the Dr. James R. Chen Award Fund. This fund is intended to recognize and foster innovation, creative solutions, and pragmatic applications in the area of information retrieval and management.
There is no "one" right way. We all learn the best, in different ways. MOOCs for YOU, your way!
Pet Set Go! is a mobile application that seeks to reduce rehoming rates of adopted animals by strengthening the bond between pets and their new owners.
Using wearable devices to send out an alert when the user loses consciousness.
A physical installation to explore the costs and benefits of the rise of connected infrastructure and embedded sensor technologies.
A platform for educators to explore, share, and organize resources aligned with the Common Core Standards.
An information system to connect domestic help workers in India with part-time employment opportunities in households.
A web-based mobile mapping tool for safety-conscious pedestrians.
A collaborative web platform that re-imagines the way we go about arranging the spaces we live in.
A suite of digital tools for collecting and sharing family histories.
A social venture that improves the livelihoods of rural farmers through better management of source information.
A suite of research-based mobile apps for families with young children, promoting digital and analog creativity, imagination, and sharing.
An integrated easy-to-use system for independent media producers to organize, archive, and publishing multimedia resources.
CritterQuest is an interactive biofeedback game to help the 8% of kids with ADD and ADHD focus and self-regulate.
An exploration of music metadata crowdsourcing, including understanding participation incentives, community norms, and official guidelines and standards.
NextDrop provides reliable, near real-time information about water arrival to households in developing countries with unreliable piped water.
Privacy concerns, public access laws, and the use of email within the San Francisco Police Department.
A novel public transit application for the iPhone, built to help riders get around the Bay Area.
A study of historical materials in Russia and Hungary, focusing on user engagement and participation with digitized content.
Information management and humanitarian response to disasters.
An application to improve the experience of participating in large-discussions.
A digital music distribution system with an innovative economic model for online music sales.
An application for health care providers to enter clinical progress notes by PC, cell phone, or PDA.


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Home News Rimon named "International Transactions Law Firm of the Year in California" by Corporate INTL.
Rimon named "International Transactions Law Firm of the Year in California" by Corporate INTL.
News Michael Moradzadeh · January 09, 2018
Rimon Law earned the 'International Transactions Law Firm of the Year in California" award, granted by Corporate INTL magazine's 2018 Global Awards. This is the third year in a row Rimon has been recognized by Corporate INTL and the award joins Best Lawyers, Super Lawyers, the Financial Times, Harvard Business Review and many others who have recently recognized Rimon for excellence and innovation
Corporate INTL independently judges and awards the most active and expert advisers from around the world. Their research department conducts extensive reviews, draws insight from business leaders throughout the world and takes suggestions over six months to produce a shortlist of firms for each category. In particular, they spend the last few months leading up to the award announcements working through tens of thousands of nomination forms that we receive back from the following sources:
The readership of Corporate INTL magazine, which is distributed to over 70,000 individuals each month, all of which are either investors in business, leaders of companies or advisers for those businesses on a global level
Their database of over 300,000 individual partners of law firms
Their database of over 250,000 CFOs, CEOs and Directors of public & private businesses around the world
Their database of over 50,000 in-house counsel of businesses operating publicly and privately, varying in size from private mid-market to leading publicly listed companies around the world
The financial community, Investment Managers, Private Equity Investors, Investment Bankers, Hedge Fund Managers, Business Bankers, Asset Based Lenders and Wealthy Individuals
The Specialist Advisory Community – PR Firms, Marketing & Business Development Professionals, Due Diligence Providers, Consultancy Firms, Property Advisers, Pension Firms, and other experts that assist businesses and advisers with the services they require to run their businesses
Trusts and Estates Partner, Roy Kozupsky, joins Rimon in its New York City and Boston Offices
Ticking Time Bombs in Investment Portfolios You Might be Unaware of
China Intellectual Property Law Developments Roundtable
Rimon's Juan Zuniga Speaking at UCI LAW About Careers in International Law
Firm General Counsel Summit
Rimon Listed in U.S. News and World Report's Best Law Firms for Seventh Consecutive Year
Rimon named "Technology Sector Law Firm of the Year in California" again by Corporate INTL.
Rimon again named on U.S. News and World Report's 2017 edition of "Best Law Firms"
Client Alert: European Court of Justice Strikes Down Safe Harbor Agreement For Data Transfer Between US and Europe
Rimon's website named best law firm website by One400
Rimon's COO Talks About Innovations in the Law Firm Model at The Stanford Center for Legal Informatics
Rimon, P.C. honored again by Financial Times Innovative Lawyers Report
How to Evaluate Terms and Conditions, for Law Firms and Lawyers
2011 America Invents Act: How will the patent reforms impact startups?
Availability of Software Patents in the US, Europe, Japan, China and India
Cloud Computing Security (for Alternative Law Firms and Others)
Ethics of Cloud Computing - Part 2 (Ethical Rules)
Legal Ethics of Cloud Computing - Part 1 (What is Cloud Computing?)
Silicon Valley: Connecting to Israel
law firm innovation, legal innovation, legal awards, corporateintl, global award winner's publication, 2017 corporate intl magazine global award, best law firms 2017, Legal Industry, international law


text:
function d = kullback(P, Q)
%DISTS.KULLBACK   Kullback-Leibler distance between two time series
%   KULLBACK(S,Z) returns the Kullback-Leibler distance between time series
%   S and Z.
%
%   The Kullback-Leibler distance is a measure of dissimilarity between
%   probability distributions. For time series, it is usually best if the
%   series are normalized as if they were histrograms; that is, not only
%   their intervals should be contained to [0,1], but the sum of their
%   observations should be 1---otherwise the distance between series may be
%   negative. TimeBox can normalize time series as if they were histograms
%   with TS.NORMH.
%
%   For probability distributions, the Kullback-Leibler distance may be
%   undefined if the probability of any event is zero. When using as a
%   distance between time-series, if p and q are observations of P and Q at
%   the instant t, then the difference between those observations is fixed
%   to the following:
%
%       d(p,q) = { p               if q == 0
%                { p * log(p/q)    otherwise
%
%   When q ~= 0, p*log(p/q) approaches 0 as p->0. For p > 0, then this
%   factor approaches infinity as q->0. The decision of using the fix above
%   was made with the expectation of maximizing the utility of this
%   distance function for time series classification and may not be
%   compatible with what one would expect from a theoretical point of view.
%
%   This function is based on the work of Sung-Hyuk Cha. "Comprehensive
%   Survey on Distance/Similarity Measures between Probability Density
%   Functions". In: International Journal of Mathematical Models and
%   Methods in Applied Sciences. Issue 4, Volume 1, pp 300-307 (2007).

%   This file is part of TimeBox. Copyright 2015-16 Rafael Giusti
%   Revision 0.1
X = P .* log(P ./ Q);
replacemask = isnan(X) | isinf(X);
X(replacemask) = P(replacemask);
d = sum(X);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ducks are a group of aquatic (water) birds in the family Anatidae, which also includes geese and swans.
Anatidae belong to the order Anseriformes.
Ducks have long, broad bodies.
Their legs are set far back on their bodies. This arrangement causes them to waddle when they walk on land.
The necks of ducks are long relative to many other birds, but shorter than the necks of geese or swans.
A duck's wings are usually short and pointed. The wings are very powerful.
Many species of duck lose the ability to fly when they are molting (losing old feathers and replacing them with new ones - an event that takes place periodically).
Ducks often molt just before they migrate. Some species of duck undergo long migrations.
During breeding season, male ducks are often more brightly colored than females of the same species.
Sexual dimorphism is the condition in which males and females of the same species share physical differences other than differences in their sexual organs.
Outside of breeding season, the plumage of male ducks becomes duller and more closely resembles the plumage of females.
When male birds develop duller coloring outside of breeding season, so that they look like females, the males are said to be wearing eclipse plumage.
A duck's diet can include grass, water plants, insects, worms, fish, frogs and small mollusks.
Ducks have broad, flat beaks, or bills.
They can use their bills to tear up grasses and to dredge worms and small mollusks out of mud.
Ducks have comb-like structure on the sides of their bills, which they use to strain water while food remains trapped inside and to preen (groom) themselves.
A duck's bill, like the bills of other anseriformes, contains plates known as lamellae. Ducks use these lamellae to filter food particles from the water.
Humans often hunt wild ducks for food or for sport.
Many duck species have been domesticated for their meat, their eggs and their feathers.
The down of ducks is particularly valuable.
Down is a layer of fine feathers that lies under the outer feathers of birds. It can provides excellent insulation.
When birds are very young, they are covered in down. They grow feathers as they get older.
Ducks were first domesticated thousands of years ago.
Some people keep ducks as pets.
A female duck is called a hen. A male duck is a drake. Young ducks are known as ducklings.
Some species of duck obtain food on land, or on or just below the water's surface. These species are known as dabbling ducks.
Dabbling ducks may feed in the water either by surface dipping or by upending.
With surface dipping, a duck immerses only its head and neck under water. When it upends, the duck immerses the entire front half of its body in the water, sticking its hind parts in the air.
Dabbling ducks may also graze for food on land. They walk and run on land very easily.
Usually dabbling ducks can be found in shallow marshes and rivers.
The mallard is an example of a dabbling duck.
Other species, known as diving ducks, dive underwater to get food.
Some ducks can dive more than 50 feet below the surface of the water.
Diving ducks will swim underwater for long distances in order to escape danger.
They walk more awkwardly on land than dabbling ducks.
Diving ducks can be found in relatively deep, large rivers and lakes, and in inlets and bays along coasts.
Those that live along marine coasts are known as sea ducks.
A small number of diving duck species eat large fish, which they catch under water. These species are known as fish-eating ducks, or mergansers.
Some mergansers have serrated bills. Therefore, they are sometimes called sawbills.
Shelducks, which belong to the genus Tadorna, are considered ducks, but they share characteristics of both ducks and geese.
They are large for ducks, about 1 ½ to 2 feet long, with long legs.
Shelducks live in the eastern hemisphere.
They eat plants, including grasses, and small invertebrates that live along shores and banks.
Shelducks are similar to sheldgeese. They are smaller than sheldgeese.
The common shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), which lives in Eurasia.
The ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), which is native to southern Europe, central and southern Asia, northwest Africa and Ethiopia.
The South African shelduck, (Tadorna cana), also known as the Cape shelduck.
A seventh species, the crested shelduck (Tadorna cristata), sometimes called the Korean crested shelduck, may be extinct. There hasn't been a confirmed sighting of a crested shelduck since 1964.


text:
C Kumar
Jothi
C Tamilselvan
C Kumar	DMDK | Yercaud (St) | Tamil Nadu
P Ramasamy
S T Rajendhiran
K Unnamalai
P Sathishkumar
Santhosam
T Priya
K Manikandan
D Madesh
T Duraisamy
ABOUT Yercaud CONSTITUENCY
Yercaud, North
83. Yercaud (ஏற்காடு), is an Assembly/Vidhan Sabha seat in North region and Salem district of Tamil Nadu. It shares a border with . Yercaud is part of 14. Kallakurichi Lok Sabha/Parliamentary constituency. This seat can be categoried as: a Rural constituency.
Of the 822 constituencies that went to the polls 302 constituencies, including this, have a record of over 80% turnout in the last three consecutive Assembly elections. Of these 302 high-turnout seats 36 are in Assam, 6 in Kerala, 38 in Tamil Nadu, 203 in West Bengal and 19 in Puducherry.
This Scheduled Tribe Assembly constituency has an estimated Scheduled Caste population of 21.7%. The estimated literacy level of the district in which this constituency falls in is 73.23%.
The electorate gender ratio in Yercaud in 2021 is 1044.
In the 2011 Tamil Nadu Assembly elections, there were a total of 2,10,159 eligible electors, of which 1,05,446 were male, 1,04,710 female and 2 voters of the third gender.
The number of service voters in Yercaud in 2016 was 179. In 2011, there were 177.


text:
PublicationsRegulation of type 3 deiodinase in rodent liver and adipose tissue during fasting
Regulation of type 3 deiodinase in rodent liver and adipose tissue during fasting
Research group Kalsbeek
Published in Endocrine connections
Authors A. Kalsbeek, Emmely M de Vries, Hermina C van Beeren, Albert C W A van Wijk, Johannes A Romijn, Eric Fliers, Anita Boelen,
Fasting induces profound changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and peripheral thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism, ultimately leading to lower serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of type 3 deiodinase (D3) during fasting in two metabolic tissues: liver and white adipose tissue (WAT). To this end, we studied the effect of modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) on D3 expression in a primary rat hepatocytes and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, we studied the role of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) on liver TH metabolism using primary hepatocytes and CAR-/- mice. Twenty-four hour fasting increased liver D3 expression in mice. Inhibition of mTOR using mTOR inhibitors markedly induced D3 mRNA expression in primary hepatocytes; this increase was accompanied by a small increase in D3 activity. Stimulation of these cells with a CAR agonist induced both D3 mRNA expression and activity. Fasting increased hepatic D3 expression in WT but not in CAR-/- mice. In WAT, D3 mRNA expression increased 5-fold after 48h fasting. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with mTOR inhibitors induced D3 mRNA expression, whereas stimulation of these cells with cobalt chloride, a compound that mimics hypoxia and stabilizes HIF1α, did not induce D3 mRNA expression. In conclusion, our results indicate an important role of mTOR in the upregulation of D3 in WAT and liver during fasting. Furthermore, CAR plays a role in the fasting induced D3 increase in the liver.


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Irwin Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926 – April 5 1997) was an American Beat poet. Ginsberg is best known for Howl (1956), a long poem about the self-destruction of his friends of the Beat Generation and what he saw as the destructive forces of materialism and conformity in United States at the time.
1.1 Inspiration from friends
1.2 Inspiration from mentors and idols
1.3 Style and technique
Though early on he had intentions to be a labor lawyer, Ginsberg wrote poetry for most of his life. Most of his very early poetry was written in formal rhyme and meter like his father or like his idol William Blake. His admiration for the writing of Jack Kerouac inspired him to take poetry more seriously. Though he took odd jobs to support himself, in 1955, upon the advice of a psychiatrist, Ginsberg dropped out of the working world to devote his entire life to poetry. Soon after, he wrote "Howl", the poem that brought him and his friends much fame and allowed him to live as a professional poet for the rest of his life.
Inspiration from friends
Since Ginsberg's poetry is intensely personal, and since much of the vitality of those associated with the beat generation comes from mutual inspiration, much credit for style, inspiration, and content can be given to Ginsberg's friends.
Ginsberg claimed throughout his life that his biggest inspiration was Kerouac's concept of "spontaneous prose". He believed literature should come from the soul without conscious restrictions. However, Ginsberg was much more prone to revise than Kerouac. For example, when Kerouac saw the first draft of "Howl" he disliked the fact that Ginsberg had made editorial changes in pencil (transposing "negro" and "angry" in the first line, for example). Kerouac only wrote out his concepts of Spontaneous Prose at Ginsberg's insistence because Ginsberg wanted to learn how to apply the technique to his poetry.
An important figure when considering inspiration for "Howl" is Carl Solomon. The full title is "Howl for Carl Solomon." Solomon was a Dada and Surrealism enthusiast (he introduced Ginsberg to Artaud) who suffered bouts of depression. Solomon wanted to commit suicide, but he thought a form of suicide appropriate to dadaism would be to go to a mental institution and demand a lobotomy. The institution refused, giving him many forms of therapy, including electroshock therapy. Much of the final section of the first part of "Howl" is a description of this.
Ginsberg used Solomon as an example of all those ground down by the machine of "Moloch." Moloch, to whom the second section is addressed, is a Levantine god to whom children were sacrificed. Ginsberg may have gotten the name from the Kenneth Rexroth poem "Thou Shalt Not Kill", a poem about the death of one of Ginsberg's heroes, Dylan Thomas. But Moloch is mentioned a few times in the Torah and references to Ginsberg's Jewish background are not infrequent in his work. Ginsberg said the image of Moloch was inspired by peyote visions he had of the Francis Drake Hotel in San Francisco which appeared to him as a skull; he took it as a symbol of the city (not specifically San Francisco, but all cities). Ginsberg later acknowledged in various publications and interviews that behind the visions of the Francis Drake Hotel were memories of the Moloch of Fritz Lang's film Metropolis (1927) and of the woodcut novels of Lynd Ward. Moloch has subsequently been interpreted as any system of control, including the conformist society of post-World War II America focused on material gain, which Ginsberg frequently blamed for the destruction of all those outside of societal norms.
He also made sure to emphasize that Moloch is a part of all of us: the decision to defy socially created systems of control—and therefore go against Moloch—is a form of self-destruction. Many of the characters Ginsberg references in "Howl", such as Neal Cassady and Herbert Huncke, destroyed themselves through excessive substance abuse or a generally wild lifestyle. The personal aspects of "Howl" are perhaps as important as the political aspects. Carl Solomon, the prime example of a "best mind" destroyed by defying society, is associated with Ginsberg's schizophrenic mother: the line "with mother finally ******" comes after a long section about Carl Solomon, and in Part III, Ginsberg says "I'm with you in Rockland where you imitate the shade of my mother." Ginsberg later admitted that the drive to write "Howl" was fueled by sympathy for his ailing mother, an issue which he was not yet ready to deal with directly. He dealt with it directly with 1959's "Kaddish".
Inspiration from mentors and idols
Ginsberg's poetry was strongly influenced by Modernism (specifically Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, Hart Crane, and most importantly William Carlos Williams), Romanticism (specifically Percy Shelley and John Keats), the beat and cadence of jazz (specifically that of bop musicians such as Charlie Parker), and his Kagyu Buddhist practice and Jewish background. He considered himself to have inherited the visionary poetic mantle handed down from the English poet and artist William Blake, and the American poet Walt Whitman. The power of Ginsberg's verse, its searching, probing focus, its long and lilting lines, as well as its New World exuberance, all echo the continuity of inspiration that he claimed.
He studied poetry under William Carlos Williams, who was then in the middle of writing his epic poem Paterson about the industrial city near his home. Ginsberg, after attending a reading by Williams, sent the older poet several of his poems and wrote an introductory letter. Most of these early poems were rhymed and metered and included archaic pronouns like "thee." Williams hated the poems. He told Ginsberg later, "In this mode perfection is basic, and these poems are not perfect."
Though he hated the early poems, Williams loved the exuberance in Ginsberg's letter. He included the letter in a later part of "Paterson." He taught Ginsberg not to emulate the old masters but to speak with his own voice and the voice of the common American. Williams taught him to focus on strong visual images, in line with Williams' own motto "No ideas but in things." His time studying under Williams led to a tremendous shift from the early formalist work to the brilliance of his later work. Early breakthrough poems include "Bricklayer's Lunch Hour" and "Dream Record."
Carl Solomon introduced him to Antonin Artaud ("To Have Done with the Judgement of God" and "Van Gogh: The Man Suicided by Society"), and Jean Genet (Our Lady of the Flowers). Philip Lamantia introduced him to other Surrealists and Surrealism continued to be an influence (for example, sections of Kaddish were inspired by André Breton's "Free Union"). Ginsberg claimed that the anaphoric repetition of "Howl" and other poems was inspired by Christopher Smart in such poems as "Jubilate Agno." Ginsberg claims other more traditional influences, such as: Franz Kafka, Herman Melville, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Edgar Allan Poe, and even Emily Dickinson.
Ginsberg also made an intense study of haiku and the paintings of Paul Cézanne, from which he adapted a concept important to his work, which he called the "Eyeball Kick". He noticed in viewing Cézanne's paintings that when the eye moved from one color to a contrasting color, the eye would spasm, or "kick." Likewise, he discovered that the contrast of two seeming opposites was a common feature in haiku. Ginsberg used this technique in his poetry, putting together two starkly dissimilar images: something weak with something strong, an artifact of high culture with an artifact of low culture, something holy with something unholy. The example Ginsberg most often used was "hydrogen jukebox" (which later became the title of an opera he wrote with Philip Glass). Another example is Ginsberg's observation on Bob Dylan during his hectic and intense 1966 electric tour, fuelled by a cocktail of amphetamines, opiates, alcohol, and psychedelics, as a "Dexedrine Clown." The phrases "eyeball kick" and "hydrogen jukebox" both show up in "Howl", as well as a direct quote from Cézanne: "Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus."
Style and technique
From the study of his idols and mentors and the inspiration of his friends—not to mention his own experiments—Ginsberg developed an individualistic style that's easily identified as Ginsbergian. Howl came out during a potentially hostile literary environment less welcoming to poetry outside of tradition; there was a renewed focus on form and structure among academic poets and critics partly inspired by New Criticism (see "Open Form vs. Closed Form" in the Beat Generation section). Consequently, Ginsberg often had to defend his choice to break away from traditional poetic structure, often citing Williams, Pound, and Whitman as precursors. Ginsberg's style may have seemed to critics chaotic or unpoetic, but to Ginsberg it was an open, ecstatic expression of thoughts and feelings that were naturally poetic. He believed strongly that traditional formalist considerations were archaic and didn't apply to reality. Though some, Diana Trilling for example, have pointed to Ginsberg's occasional use of meter (for example the anapest of "who came back to Denver and waited in vain"), Ginsberg denied any intention toward meter and claimed instead that meter follows the natural poetic voice, not the other way around; he said, as he learned from Williams, that natural speech is occasionally dactylic, so poetry that imitates natural speech will sometimes fall into a dactylic structure but only ever accidentally. Like Williams, Ginsberg's line breaks were often determined by breath: one line in "Howl", for example, should be read in one breath. Ginsberg claimed he developed such a long line because he had long breaths (saying perhaps it was because he talked fast, or he did yoga, or he was Jewish). The long line could also be traced back to his study of Walt Whitman; Ginsberg claimed Whitman's long line was a dynamic technique few other poets had ventured to develop further. Whitman is often compared to Ginsberg because their poetry sexualized aspects of the male form — though there is no direct evidence Whitman was homosexual. They had very different politics, Whitman being a nationalist and Ginsberg demonstratively anti-nationalist.
Many of his early long line experiments contain some sort of anaphoric repetition, or repetition of a "fixed base" (for example "who" in "Howl", "America" in "America"), and this has become a recognizable feature of Ginsberg's style. However, he said later this was a crutch because he lacked confidence in his style; he didn't yet trust "free flight." In the 60s, after employing it in some sections of Kaddish ("caw" for example) he, for the most part, abandoned the anaphoric repetition.
Several of his earlier experiments with methods for formatting poems as a whole become regular aspects of his style in later poems. In the original draft of "Howl", each line is in a "stepped triadic" format reminiscent of Williams (see "Ivy Leaves", for example). He abandoned the "stepped triadic" when he developed his long line, but the stepped lines showed up later, most significantly in the travelogues of The Fall of America. "Howl" and "Kaddish", arguably his two most important poems, are both organized as an inverted pyramid, with larger sections leading to smaller sections. In "America", he experimented with a mix of longer and shorter lines.
"Lightning's blue glare fills Oklahoma plains, the train rolls east casting yellow shadow on grass Twenty years ago approaching Texas, I saw sheet lightning cover Heaven's corners... An old man catching fireflies on the porch at night watched the Herd Boy cross the Milky Way to meet the Weaving Girl... How can we war against that?" (From Iron Horse, 1972)
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