If you were asked to give a description of the painting above, you might first mention the subject matter – the boat, the man, the birds, the location, etc. Then you might describe the range of colours in the picture and their brightness. Or the picture's composition, the balance of detail versus blocks of colour. Or the shapes and angles, the verticality or horizontality, the use of lines and curves.
You probably wouldn't begin by asking yourself if it was painted right-handed or left-handed. Or if the artist held the brush between thumb and extended index finger, like a pen, or with the hand in a fist shape, with the thumb on top. Or whether the artist's fingers or wrist were more active, or the whole arm.
Phonetics, for a lot of people, is mainly about questions like those in the second paragraph: less about describing speech sounds than about describing body movements which may have produced them. So "sounds" are depicted with cross-sectional diagrams of the head, or as lip and tongue movements, or by means of a phonetic alphabet each of whose letters is intended as an abbreviation for an articulatory description.
Of course the body movements involved in speaking are a valid and intriguing object of study, like the body movements involved in painting, or in drawing, or in writing. But I don't think they should be the main, still less the sole, focus of attention in phonetics.
I didn't really become aware of this until the mid-late 1980s, when I was working on a speech technology project at UCL under Adrian Fourcin. It was through invaluable discussions with Adrian – now Emeritus Professor of Experimental Phonetics – that I grasped the prime importance of perceptible "speech patterns" and the fundamental asymmetry between the auditory-acoustic and the articulatory branches of phonetics.
It's obvious that we don't learn to write before we learn to read: we learn the visual patterns first, then how to produce them. But in phonetics the articulatory bias is so widespread that it's worth pointing out that the same is true of speech. In language acquisition, perception seems broadly to precede production: we learn to articulate in order to produce the auditory-acoustic speech patterns which we have already heard and stored in our mind's ear.
This is why the prelingually deaf generally don't acquire normal speech articulation, while normal speech perception is possible for those with motor deficits. It's obvious that normal speaker-hearers can perceive speech correctly without simultaneously speaking, but crucially we're not able to speak correctly without simultaneously hearing: the speech of those who lose their hearing rapidly suffers, and most of us have noticed how headphone-wearers instantly and unwittingly raise their voices – because auditory guidance is so crucial for good articulation.
The great phonetician David Abercrombie declared that "Speech may be said to consist of movements made audible" – a classic statement of the articulatory view. But this makes speech a sub-field of kinesiology, and draws attention away from the central fact that speech sounds are communicative signs. The primary object of study, it seems to me, is the signs rather than whatever movements produced them (although of course the movements have great interest in their own right).
Overall, my time on that speech technology project was rather dispiriting. My end of things, phonetics and phonology, seemed to have disappointingly little to contribute to the synthesis and recognition of communicative signs – Adrian's speech patterns. Phonetics and phonology were skewed towards articulatory descriptions; indeed, they seemed to be becoming more articulatory than ever, the latest trends back then including "feature geometry" and "articulatory phonology".
If speech synthesis had focused on building artificial mouths rather than generating audible speech patterns, it would probably still be stuck at the stage of flying machines with flapping wings; Stephen Hawking and others may well have been doomed to silence. Nonetheless, robot articulators (like ornithopters) are fascinating and good fun to watch.
Likewise, artificial speech recognizers – the sort of thing used to provide captioning for the deaf when transcription by humans is impractical – would be non-starters if they required inserting a battery of movement-sensors into the speaker's vocal tract, or needed the speaker to lie in an MRI scanner.
Of course, technology – or rather lack of it – is one of the main reasons for articulatory bias. Today virtually everyone owns a mobile device for receiving and transmitting auditory-acoustic speech patterns, and the digital revolution has made the recording and analysis of sound signals cheap, quick and easy. But the great early pioneers of phonetics simply had no ready means to analyze sound. As recently (!) as my own student days, spectrographic analysis required cumbersome, expensive equipment that took minutes to analyze just a couple of seconds of speech, all the while producing noxious smoke as it burned the acoustic image onto special paper. Auditory-acoustic analysis was the preserve of a few well-funded labs. It was an optional extra for the later chapters of phonetic textbooks, something to be covered in second-level courses to which the majority of students never progressed. The first-level courses dealt with head diagrams, tongue spaces, etc., and there arose, I think, a myth of relative articulatory simplicity: a notion that articulation is reassuringly well understood and easy to grasp, while auditory-acoustic phonetics dauntingly involves labs, white coats and maths.
The problem with this myth is that it doesn't compare like with like. The myth equates "articulatory phonetics" with the classification of speech sounds into linguistically relevant categories, e.g. "bilabial", "voiced", "rounded"; and it equates "acoustic phonetics" with instrumental measurement and quantification. This is a blunder on both counts.
The Quadrant Indicator highlights several of the drawbacks that articulatory techniques have tended to suffer from. One is invasiveness: interference with the very articulation that is being studied. Another is the necessary presence of the speaker: we can analyze the acoustics of speech recorded a century ago, or of an abusive phone caller whose identity is unknown; but the articulations in question are completely inaccessible.
Another drawback is staticness: many articulatory techniques deal best with steady-states, which is completely at odds with the fundamental fact that articulation is movement (though it dovetails reassuringly with the naivety of discrete written symbols).
A further potential problem is that of health risks, which may be more serious than gagging on a rubber bulb. Concerns about radiation dosages put an end to the invaluable source of non-static articulatory data which was provided by x-ray movies. And yet another drawback suffered by many articulatory techniques is expense: while state-of-the-art acoustic analysis can now be done for free by anyone who can download software, a used MRI scanner might set you back $100,000 or more.
The IPA is intended to be a set of symbols for representing all the possible sounds of the world's languages. The representation of these sounds [sic] uses a set of phonetic categories which describe how each sound is made [sic].
It's understandable that linguistically-relevant categories were given articulatory labels by "pre-acoustic" phoneticians. But it's at least as important – arguably more so – to characterize these categories in terms of the auditory-acoustic patterns that we detect when listening to speech and which are the reference targets we aim to reproduce when we speak.
The familiar articulatory labels can be misleading, not only because they reinforce the misconception of phonetics as essentially kinesiology, but also because they're so often simplistic or inaccurate. My previous post, for example, tried to provide some acoustic substance to replace the simplistic and inaccurate articulatory view of vowels which is absorbed by successive generations of phonetics students and which continues to be encouraged by the IPA.
Consonants, too, are widely considered to "be" the articulatory gestures which produce them. But a given speech pattern can generally be produced by a range of articulatory gestures. A particularly vivid example of this is the radically differing articulations which can be employed to produce the auditory-acoustic pattern of r-colouration: The question whether a given "r" was articulated with the tongue curled or bunched is not unlike the question whether a painting was done left-handed or right-handed: it's not uninteresting, it may be detectable, it may even be of "forensic" relevance, but the distinction is not essential to what's being signalled.
Nor does a broad smile convert so-called "rounded" vowels into their "unrounded" counterparts. When we smile, as when we talk with a pen between our teeth, we adjust our articulations, keeping our speech sounds as close as possible to their auditory-acoustic targets. Likewise, the category "voiced" doesn't equate to the vibration of the vocal cords. Languages don't lose their so-called "voiced/voiceless" distinctions when speakers whisper. The auditory-acoustic patterns which embody these distinctions include characteristics of intensity, duration and spectral balance which survive in whisper.
Like everyone else, I use terms such as "bilabial", "rounded" and "voiced". But as labels for phonological categories, these traditional articulatory names shouldn't be taken too literally. From the phonetic point of view, they're not the whole truth and often not the truth at all. Ventriloquists, of course, make a living by producing intelligible speech with scant regard for the IPA rulebook on "how each sound is made".
Technological history is probably not the only reason for articulatory bias. I suspect that a key factor is the relative importance of our senses, in particular the dominance of vision over hearing. It's said that between a quarter and a third of neurons in the brain's cortex are devoted to visual processing, compared with less than ten percent for touch, and only about two percent for hearing.
Metaphorically, understanding is widely equated with vision. We say "I see" or "I've got the picture" to mean that we understand. "Seeing is believing", the phrase goes, while mere "hearsay" is unreliable. Out of sight, out of mind.
Recording our visual impressions dates back tens of millennia to cave paintings and the like, but the first recording of any kind of auditory impression was much more recent. The first writing systems represented words as concepts rather than the way they sounded.
When the first phoneticians tried to describe language in its specifically audible form, they unsurprisingly fell back on what they could see; the invisible resonances of the vowels, for instance, were represented as positions of the visible tongue. Note that the IPA does not use articulatory labels for its suprasegmentals section: if early phoneticians been able to get a better view of vocal fold articulation, we might now be referring not to high, low, rising and falling tones, but to stiff, slack, stiffening and slackening tones. (Halle and Ken Stevens proposed such terms as phonological features in the early 1970s.) After all, "stiff tone" and "slack tone" are no more silly as labels than "front vowel" and "back vowel".
A special case of visual bias is the according of higher status to written language over audible speech. This is even found when the writing in question is phonetic transcription. Occasionally I encounter what I call "paper phoneticians", people who've learned to transliterate from normal English orthography to RP phoneme-letters without acquiring the ability to perceive or produce the relevant contrasts. They've learned to rewrite shell and shall as /ʃel/ and /ʃæl/ but they can't hear the difference between the two words.
All of us are "right". Instead of quoting authorities, why don't you just listen?
I sympathize with both John and his questioner. Neuroscientists have presented evidence suggesting that the likes of John and me may be born with freakishly overdeveloped auditory cortices. For the general population, on the other hand, hearing phonetic distinctions is probably not so easy. In Abercrombie's words, "their remarkable aptitude for copying speech sounds… has left most people not long after they have entered their teens. Certainly, fully-grown adults must be prepared to devote a great deal of labour and time to acquiring the pronunciation of a foreign language".
Prospective pronunciation students sometimes tell me that what they're after is instruction on how to use their muscles; I've yet to have anyone ask for their ear to be trained – which is generally the more basic necessity. Of course I do make use of visual and and proprioceptive techniques. And there are linguistic contrasts which can be taught 'articulation first', e.g. making tooth-lip contact in v but not w, and alveolar contact in l but not ɹ. But such sounds are made with the lips and tongue-tip, the articulators most visible and most innervated by touch receptors. And language learners need to hear contrasts as well as make them. I've made ear-training tutorials and quizzes on vowels and tones precisely because these are the two major areas where vision and proprioception are of least use.
Contrary to a widely held assumption, the sound of speech is as readily visualizable as its articulation; particularly when the all-important time dimension is taken into account. This is truer than ever today; but simplified visualized speech patterns have been around for decades. I recently came across a wonderful picture of phonetician Pierre Delattre taken in 1966 by the great American photographer Ansel Adams: The object held up by Delattre will be recognized by phoneticians as a transparency for a "pattern playback" synthesizer. This technique, pioneered by Franklin S. Cooper at Haskins Labs in the 1950s, aimed to home in on the most significant audible speech patterns by stylizing raw acoustic spectrograms into simple lines and dots that could be read directly by a light-operated synthesizer.
To those with a relatively traditional phonetic background, this acoustic shorthand may be less familiar than head and tongue diagrams. But the basic auditory-acoustic speech patterns are as real now as they ever were, and it doesn't require a lifetime in a white coat to start deciphering them.
The three main horizontal stripes running through most of the picture are the lowest three resonances or "formants" of sonorant sounds. These formants are interrupted soon after the start by a rectangular scatter of dots, which indicates high-frequency frication; this reaches down to roughly the level of the topmost formant, which suggests that it's ʃ (if it were higher up, it would be more likely to be s). Prior to this, the lower two formants begin quite close together, then whoosh apart: this suggests an aj-type diphthong, which makes the first syllable likely to be the first person pronoun I.
After the ʃ, the lowest two formants again move towards each other, suggesting an open vowel. There's then a silent interval, which suggests a voiceless stop; and the slope of the upper two formants on either side of this silent interval suggests that the stop is coronal, t. The utterance is unlikely to begin with anything as vulgar as "I shat", so it's probably American English "I shot".
which rather suggests that Delattre was posing for the camera with a famous line by the American poet Longfellow, "I shot an arrow in(to the air)".
The speech articulators are important and fascinating. They obviously contribute to phonological variation and change. An understanding of articulation is vital for speech therapy. Debate continues about the role that the motor system may play in speech perception. Adrian Fourcin himself has devoted much of his career to an articulatory technique, electrolaryngography, which I myself used in linguistic research. When I followed in Abercrombie's footsteps, teaching phonetics at Edinburgh University, I did my bit to honour local traditions by having an artificial palate made and I found EPG displays great for teaching.
But I think phonetics can do more to raise awareness of, and encourage sensitivity to, speech as sound – not just as positions and movements of the body. We should acknowledge and celebrate phonetics as the science of hearsay.
I wonder what the tongue does to compensate for that.
There are two issues: (a) how to teach students to acquire the sound system of any dialect (language); (b) how to teach teaches(coaches) who will later teach these students.
Over the time, theatre departments have come up with many strategies for (b): for instance, students are trained in some technique like Linklater, Fitzmaurice, etc.
Then, we have phoneticians like Ian Catford, who advises students to develop kinesthesia of articulators. Voice folks like Knight Thompson speech work have taken it one step forward with a list of things one should look for in the name of "vocal tract posture of an accent or dialect". Check Dudley Knight's "Speaking with skill".
In historical linguistics, there was a hypothesis about how languages differ. "Base of articulation" was postulated to account for differences. Sandra Disner from UCLA did research on "base of articulation".
Estill vocal technique (for singers) focus on developing kinesthesia for various muscles in the vocal box, so that they can bring in voice qualities like thin, slack, stiff, etc.
The following site has a list of various voice qualities.
Sound discrimination is an important skill; voice folks have never denied it. However, they have focussed more on the sound production–in terms of kinesthesia.
What are you advising for voice/theatre folks?
(c) or just allow those who have some innate ability (like that auditory cortex research you cite) to become future coaches/teachers?
Thanks for reading, and for these stimulating questions. I certainly wouldn't want to restrict coaching/teaching work to those who pass some genetic test! I imagine that those who gravitate to coaching tend to have some knack for it (though I've encountered one or two people who seemed to have acquired phonetics-teaching duties by drawing a short straw rather than out of special aptitude).
Kinesthesia and sound discrimination are surely complementary; I make use of visual and kinesthetic techniques and didn't mean to imply that I don't. As coach Erik Singer says, "There are as many different styles of learning as there are learners. A one-size-fits all method of accent instruction will inevitably fail a large number of would-be accent learners." And the goals of, say, an L2 learner and a professional opera singer are vastly different: the former needs to perceive and produce a new set of contrasts, the latter is performing bodily feats which may well need specific proprioceptive monitoring completely outside my knowledge.
Coaches may claim, and believe, that their methods focus "more" on production and kinesthesia, but I suspect that auditory work is inevitably the core. Surely it's not unheard of for a performer to learn an unfamiliar accent by listening to models (such as the recordings on Paul Meier's magnificent IDEA database), with little or no kinesthetic work. But how successfully can one learn an unfamiliar accent by following kinesthetic instructions without any audible models? Both are important, but the invisible, implicit auditory-acoustic core sometimes seems to get second billing below what is more obvious to vision and touch.
Great post! You're on a roll, with these last two posts. Delightful. I'm afraid that many in the actor-accent coaching world don't know how to use acoustic tools like Praat effectively for "measurement" purposes, but I KNOW that we would love to learn. Next year the Voice and Speech Trainers Association conference will be in London. Maybe you could run a workshop on acoustic phonetic basics for theatre voice professionals just before or just after the conference (maybe even PART of the conference?) to teach these skills. I bet you would get a lot of takers for that. I would be at the front of the line!
From my experience, the ability to not only assess the speech of people working on an accent but (in my mind, more importantly) to be able to model the target speech requires a combination of articulatory self-knowledge and acoustic knowledge.
Phil Thompson likes to say that we learn to "hear with our mouths", that it is more difficult to perceive a new sound that you cannot make than one you can make (though not impossible as you argue well above). To me, it's a blend of kinesthetic and auditory skills that is most important; I don't really care which comes first.
I'm not certain that acoustic features are that easy to talk about, unfortunately. The quality associated with rounded vowels vs. unrounded ones… how would you describe that? Your colour metaphor in your "vowel-space" post is helpful, but it is not a direct connection to the quality we hear. I can't imagine saying "that needs to be more magenta!" to a client. I often find myself using terms like "brighter" and "darker" (not to be confused with the terms some people use for /l/, "dark" and "clear/light"!) and always find these adjectives sorely wanting. Are there other words that one might use? That sounds "lower-third-formantier" really doesn't seem to capture it! I think I've learned to identify that auditory quality associated with velarization from practicing velarization a lot—and knowing the kinesthetic property has helped me learn to hear it and identify it.
Diagnostic skill, to my mind, often comes from asking yourself "what would I have to do to sound like that?" With a thorough knowledge of what your articulators can do, and the acoustic qualities associated with those actions, you can figure it out. Is there really a way to be diagnostic without knowing how to do it? And by knowing how to do it, one then has ideas how that other action might move to a preferred action (as in work with disordered speech or coaching an actor to do a new accent).
I often find myself using terms like "brighter" and "darker" … and always find these adjectives sorely wanting.
Incidentally, bright and dark are two obsolete terms for "front" and "back" (vowels); they survive in English historical phonology, in fossilised names like Anglo-Frisian Brightening. Is that what you use them for? If yes, then there might be something that strikes the right chord on the auditory and/or cognitive end of the chain.
Thanks Eric, your kind words are really appreciated. Sorry to take so long to reply but it turned out to be quite time consuming to make the blog's audio materials mobile-friendlier, as you requested, which I hope they now are.
But I think it's worth distinguishing substance from presentation. Teachers/coaches may express themselves in articulatory vocabulary, and may claim and sincerely believe that teaching/coaching is about "structuring the muscles differently" or the like – and they may get excellent results – but the inevitable reality is that auditory demonstration is central and vital. You only have to think of the challenges of teaching speech to the deaf to realize that sound, though invisible and under-acknowledged by some musculocentric coaches, is the heart of the matter.
Another point is that some in the English-speaking actor-accent world may have their conception of 'speech' skewed by anglocentricity. English has many vowels, and native speakers grow up exposed to many different accents: so anglophones have, as a starting point, a rich perceptual palette of vowel distinctions. A coach working with anglophone actors can push them between one auditorily 'known' quality and another (and may use terminology about the tongue to reinforce this). But if the starting-point is a Spanish speaker with only five vowels, it's less easy to teach, say, the difference between a close-mid and an open-mid back vowel by giving precise instructions about the height of the back of the tongue.
Performers, of course, are 'transmitting' more than they're 'receiving'. The actor has to sound like someone else, but doesn't need to perceive like someone else. But in the language-learning world, students have to be able to hear contrasts as well as make them. Even if one manages to give articulatory instructions which elicit the right sound from a learner, there's no guarantee that the same learner will perceive it correctly.
I'm not certain that acoustic features are that easy to talk about, unfortunately. The quality associated with rounded vowels vs. unrounded ones… how would you describe that?
The example you give, rounding, lends itself to articulatory teaching: as I pointed out in the post, the lips are visible and rich in touch receptors. But which articulatory features does one use to teach vowel length? Or stress and rhythm? Or intonation? There could be a danger that those who focus on the articulators may sideline many crucial speech skills. North Americans can't do a British accent without nailing the short-long vowel contrast (and vice versa). Intonation is vital for the anglophone actor aiming at countless accents – north/south Irish, Italian, Russian, etc. You need the right rhythm e.g. for a French or Spanish accent. And so on. At least one speech text for actors has practically nothing to say about these areas – maybe because they can't be tied to some readily visible, feelable bit of the anatomy.


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text:
Park Moo-jong
Choi Sung-jin
Troy Stangarone
Tong Kim
Lee Seong-hyon
Andrew Salmon
Jason Lim
Kim Ji-myung
Michael Breen
Hyon O'Brien
Younghoy Kim Kimaro
Deauwand Myers
Bernard Rowan
Casey Lartigue, Jr.
Semoon Chang
Korean Historical Sense
Why US midterm elections matter for Korea
By Troy Stangarone
In less than two weeks, Americans will go to the polls for the midterm elections. It would be understandable if most South Koreans only casually follow the results or missed them entirely. The recent stagnation in job growth in South Korea and changing relations with North Korea are of immediate concern.
At the same time, midterms don't see the White House up for grabs, and historically less than half of eligible Americans will vote as well. But this might be one time to watch the results closely.
Midterm elections are traditionally a referendum on the current president and there is little reason to see this midterm as any different. Historically, the president's party has lost seats in a midterm election in the House of Representatives every time since the post-World War II era with just two exceptions: 1998 and 2002 due to anomalies that will not be replicated in 2018.
In recent years, America has become increasingly polarized and rather than working to bridge those divisions in the tradition of prior presidents, President Donald Trump has sought to benefit from those divisions for his own political gain. As a result, Trump has strong approval among his supporters, but has yet to see his approval rating above 50 percent in his presidency.
Off year and by-elections since Trump's election have seen Democrats increasingly motivated and recent polling by the Washington Post suggests that 75 percent of Americans are sure to vote in the midterms. While the percentage of eligible voters who actually vote will undoubtedly be less than that and closer to historical norms, it does suggest that there is strong interest in the current election and that turnout is likely to increase.
This is not a good sign for Republicans and the president. Presidents with approval ratings near 40 percent, as is the case with President Trump, tend to see their party lose a significant number of seats in Congress and polling indicates that Democrats are likely to retake the House.
In another poll by the Washington Post that focuses on the 69 battleground seats, Democrats are preferred by 4 percent. In contrast, in those same districts in 2016, Republicans were favored by 15 percent. FiveThirtyEight, a leading political analysis site, places the odds of Democrats retaking the House at 6 in 7, but in one bright spot for Republicans is that they have a 4 in 5 chance of retaining control of the Senate.
Whether Democrats are able to retake the House or Republicans are able to maintain control, the next Congress will look significantly different than the current one. Due to a high number of retirements, nearly 15 percent of the members will be new regardless of who wins, and if there are a high number of upsets the number of new members will grow.
The turnover in the Senate will likely be smaller, but it will remain fairly evenly divided with no party having more than a slim majority.
Americans won't be focused on the issues that will impact South Korea when they vote, but the results will determine the political capital that President Trump has for the next two years and shape the Congress that will be needed to implement his decisions on trade and North Korea that will impact the Korean Peninsula.
This could especially be true when it comes to North Korea. Despite the political divisions in the United States, North Korea has been one area of bipartisan consensus and Congress has played an important role in shaping U.S. sanctions on North Korea.
Currently pending before the Senate is legislation (S. 2736) that would codify U.S. policy toward negotiations with North Korea with the objective of the complete, verifiable, and irreversible dismantlement of North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. Repealing sanctions will be increasingly difficult if the Trump administration doesn't address the concerns of Congress, which extend beyond the dismantlement of North Korea's nuclear program.
Because the Trump administration has expressed a preference to conclude a treaty with North Korea, it would require a super-majority, or 67 votes, in the Senate. If an agreement requires a change in U.S. law or appropriations, similar to the 1994 Agreed Framework, it would also require majority support in the House.
If President Trump is unable achieve a deal that is better than the Iran accord that he withdrew from, Senate approval of a treaty or the approval by both chambers of a more general agreement with North Korea would become increasingly problematic for substantive and political reasons.
President Trump will no longer be able to merely lean on his Republican majority in Congress. Instead, he will have to reach out to Democrats if he wants a lasting success on North Korea. Something which would make President Jimmy Carter's herculean effort to convince the U.S. Senate to pass the Panama Canal treaties in 1978 seems effortless.
While the Trump administration could follow the course of the Obama administration and reach an executive agreement with North Korea instead of a treaty, it would face the same uncertain future as the Iran deal and lack the stability a treaty could bring.
If Democrats regain control of the House, expect vigorous oversight of any Trump administration agreement reached with North Korea, particularly if the deal is perceived to be weaker on North Korean nuclear dismantlement than the Iranian accords.
If the current polling is accurate, the American public is likely to send a strong signal to President Trump that it does not approve of how he has handled his presidency. How he adjusts to that could play an important role in whether the Trump administration will be successful in reaching a lasting agreement with North Korea.
Troy Stangarone (ts@keia.org) is the senior director of congressional affairs and trade at the Korea Economic Institute.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Planned Parenthood recently started offering selected services via iOS and Android apps. These apps allow users to receive birth control, an STD test, or UTI medication through either a video visit using your phone, or via an asynchronous process where patients submit a form and it's processed and sent to your pharmacy, typically within a few hours.
Marketing these apps meant we first needed a baseline for cost per installs, enrollment rate, and rate of video visits / prescriptions.
We started by leveraging user research Planned Parenthood had done to create our target audience. We designed numerous concepts, using photography, graphics / animations, videos, and more.
Along with imagery we developed different messaging streams, highlighting various value propositions. We also tested marketing platforms, operating systems (iOS vs. Android), geographies, and more.
In the course of just a few months, we lowered the cost per install by over 80% and continue to set regular highs for enrollments and prescriptions or video visits generated via the apps.


Be all about the money, with 4 handmade antique silver coin buttons from the 1940's.
[Buttons] Antique silver coin buttons. The Grand Cru d'argent is fitted with coins approximately 80 years old from The Netherlands, the United States of America and the United Kingdom. The coins are completely silver. The combination of buttons differs per jean. With this jean you will never walk around without cash.


When the hubs found a recipe for a Spanish Tortilla, I was a little confused at first... How were we going to make a meal out of a tortilla? But this is actually almost best described as a potato quiche, which is something I've never made before! So we ventured to the farmer's market for some fresh veggies and eggs to make this meal.
To go with the quiche, we also whipped up a Romesco Sauce. This pepper and tomato based sauce also turned out extremely delicious, and I've been using it this past week on several other dishes, to add its great flavor.
Overall, this dish was another huge success. We had to cook it quite a bit longer than the recipe called for, which reminds me that I need to do a little research on cooking these kinds of items at altitude... We got a great texture, but I'm sure there is some trick to knowing exactly how to make revisions up here in the mountains.


1 They have _____ to offer to our community.
2 I'm afraid, there isn't ___ to eat.
3 He knows ____ about me. We are very close friends.
4 She is a very rebel person. She does ___ that you say to her.
5 Would you like ____ to drink?
6Could you speak slowly, please? I can´t understand ____.
7 Let´s go to a restaurant. There´s ____ to eat at the house.
8 She's got ____ stuck in her eye. Could you have a look?
9 Thanks but I don´t want ____ to drink.
10 Life is full of surprises. ____ can happen in the next hour.


The Payroll Specialist owns the relationship with the payroll providers across countries of operations. Responsibilities includes managing the payroll preparation, mapping and documenting payroll and benefit related procedures for each country, payroll reporting and compliant obligations.
Own the relationship and management of the various payroll outsource providers ensuring the timely payment to all employees.
Manages all payroll activities across MG's entities including (semi-)monthly computations for all countries including processing bonus, commissions, overtime, shift differentials, and merit adjustments.
Updates payroll records and HR information system by reviewing and approving changes in exemptions, insurance coverage, benefits coverage, savings deductions, and job titles, and department/ division transfers.
Prepares reports by compiling summaries of earnings, taxes, deductions, leave, disability, and non-taxable wages.
Determines payroll liabilities by approving the calculation of taxes, compensation payments; enforcing adherence to requirements; advising management on needed actions.
Manages all employee payroll queries via the pay in a timely and accurate manner, maintaining high levels of confidentially without exception.
Keep updated all payroll policies and processes in line with ISO guidelines ensuring that we meet all audit requirements.
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Contributes to ad hoc HR initiatives as required.
Bachelor's or Advance certification or degree.
Experiences in managing multidisciplinary processes, data entry management, reporting, KPI's, compensation and wage structure, benefits administration, employment law, interaction with multicultural teams.
Strong communication skills, verbally and written in English.
Analytical thinker, strong organizer, flexible and team player.
German law or German speaking capabilities is a plus.


text:
Q: How do delete elements from page based on cookie value? I want to create a button on my webpage, which when clicked, sets a cookie with a specified value. The cookie should be valid for the entire domain, all its directories and sub-domains.
The code I'm using now is this:
function setCookie(cname, cvalue, exdays)
    {
        var d = new Date();
        d.setTime(d.getTime() + (365*24*60*60*1000));
        var expires = "expires="+ d.toUTCString();
        document.cookie = cname + "name1" + cvalue + "value1" + expires + ";path=/";
    }

Then, once the cookie and its value is set, I want that button to get deleted from the page. Also, next time the page loads, I want to check if the cookie and the value exists and if not, show the button or else, delete the button.
The button in context has an id: delete
I'm using this code to check for cookie and its value:
function getCookie(name1)
    {
        var name = name1 + "value1";
        var decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie);
        var ca = decodedCookie.split(';');

        for(var i = 0; i <ca.length; i++)
            {
                var c = ca[i];

                while (c.charAt(0) == ' ')
                    {
                        c = c.substring(1);
                    }

                if (c.indexOf(name) == 0)
                    {
                        return c.substring(name.length, c.length);
                    }
            }

        return "";
    }

I've found these codes from here: https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_cookies.asp
I'm going to use this code to delete the element if the cookie and its value is present:
function removeElement(elementId)
    {
        var element = document.getElementById(delete);
        element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
    }

I've taken this code from here: https://www.abeautifulsite.net/adding-and-removing-elements-on-the-fly-using-javascript
I don't know how to link those 2 fuctions to carry out the required action.

A: Here is a working solution for you. Take a look at the comments inside the Code.
Are u new to JS? in this case you should take a look at codecademy. Its for free and you will learn the basics very fast.

Note that SO does not allow you to check or set cookies. For that reason the runable code below will cause an error. Here is a working fiddle.

if (getCookie('myCookie')) removeElement('myButton'); // remove if cookie is set

if (document.getElementById('myButton')) document.getElementById('myButton').onclick = function() { // bind function to clickevent
  setCookie('myCookie', 'myValue', 1); // set cookie
  removeElement('myButton'); // remove button
}

function setCookie(cname, cvalue, exdays) { // your setCookie Funktion
  var d = new Date();
  d.setTime(d.getTime() + (365 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
  var expires = "expires=" + d.toUTCString();
  document.cookie = cname + '=' + cvalue + '; '+ expires + ";path=/"; // reset to w3schools solution
}

function getCookie(name) { // your getCookie Funktion
  // removed 'var name = ...' because you wont find your cookie if you changing the name here
  var decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie);
  var ca = decodedCookie.split(';');

  for (var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) {
    var c = ca[i];

    while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') {
      c = c.substring(1);
    }

    if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) {
      return c.substring(name.length, c.length);
    }
  }

  return "";
}

function removeElement(elementId) { // your removeElement Function
  var element = document.getElementById(elementId); // variable delete was undefined, if your buttons id was delete you had to write it in ''
  element.parentNode.removeChild(element);
}
<button type="button" id="myButton">
  click me
</button>

A: Going by your requirements you just want to delete a specific button if the cookie is present.
In this case you will need to do 2 things.

*

*Call the getCookie and based on the return value call the removeElement at the end of the setCookie method.

Note: I am assuming your setCookie method is synchronous.

*Load the button by default and do the same as Step 1 once the page is loaded.
To summarize, your mrthods should look like this:
setCookie method:
function setCookie(cname, cvalue, exdays){
    var d = new Date();
    d.setTime(d.getTime() + (365*24*60*60*1000));
    var expires = "expires="+ d.toUTCString();
    document.cookie = cname + "name1" + cvalue + "value1" + expires + ";path=/";
    if(getCookie(cname)) removeElement('delete');
}

After Loading the document:
document.onload = ()=>{
    if(getCookie(cname)) removeElement('delete');
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
La Madonna Medici es un óleo sobre tabla del artista del primitivo flamenco Rogier van der Weyden, datado en torno a 1460–1464 y guardado en el Instituto de arte Städel, Fráncfort, Alemania.

Se sabe que el trabajo fue encargado por la familia Médici de Florencia, como atestigua el escudo de armas florentino con un lirio rojo en el centro en la parte inferior. La obra ha sido datada en 1450–1451, cuando el artista viajó a Roma visitando varias cortes italianas, o en 1460–1464, los mismos años de la Lamentación de Cristo, inspirada en Fra Angelico y ahora en los Uffizi.

Descripción
Sobre un fondo de oro, van der Weyden pintó a modo de baldaquino una tienda de tela blanca forrada en precioso damasco, abierta y sostenida cada parte por un ángel, bajo la que se encuentran la Virgen con el Niño, San Pedro, San Juan Bautista (patrón de Florencia), San Cosme y San Damián (protectores de la Casa Medici). Cosme es retratado mientras pone una moneda en la bolsa que cuelga de su cinturón, una referencia a su leyenda, según la cual había aceptado una pequeña suma por una actuación médica, causando la furia de su hermano Damián.

En primer plano se sitúa una especie de bodegón con la atención típica del artista a los detalles naturales. En el centro hay un ánfora metálica dorada, en la que hay varios lirios: los blancos simbolizan la pureza de la Virgen, mientras los rojos en el césped son otra referencia  a Florencia.

Fuentes

 Lorne Campbell,
 Städel: Mix technique

Cuadros de los años 1460
Representaciones de ángeles
Cuadros de Rogier van der Weyden
Pinturas representando a Juan el Bautista
Pinturas representando a la Virgen con el Niño
Pinturas representando a San Pedro
Libros en el arte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
USCIS Will Only Consider CW-1 Petitions Approved and with Starting Validity on or after June 18, 2020, when Applying the Temporary Departure Requirement
3 months ago By Chief Editor
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is clarifying its Aug. 25, 2020, policy on implementing the requirement that workers leave the United States for at least 30 days after two renewals of their CNMI-Only Transitional Worker (CW-1) visa classification.
Effective immediately, the only CW-1 petitions USCIS will classify as consecutive petitions for purposes of the temporary departure requirement are approved CW-1 petitions that have a starting validity date on or after June 18, 2020. Any extension of CW-1 status granted on or after June 18, 2020, will be considered a consecutive petition if the extension has a starting validity date on or after that date (and not backdated before that date).
For example, if USCIS approved a petition on July 1, 2020, but the petition was backdated to grant status from Oct. 1, 2019, USCIS would consider that petition approved as of the earlier validity date of Oct. 1, 2019. Therefore, this petition would not apply toward the temporary departure requirement.
Please see the USCIS Policy Update on CW-1 Departure Requirement page on the website for more information.
General Nonimmigrant Visa ,USCIS Related Videos


Extra large LCD display, with a digit size of 34mm.
Determination of body weight, body fat, body water, muscle ratio, bone mass and calory consumption.
10 user memory for each individual.
With a product height of 1.9cm, this unit is slim and easy to store away.
The safety glass platform allows for maximum weight up to 180 kg.
Good set of scales - instruction book could be better.
There are two measurements that the scal provides which are not explained in the instruction manual. Other than that, it's a good product and was good value.


text:
History and geography should not be downgraded in changes to Junior Cert Cycle – Deputy O'Brien
12 June, 2013 - by Jonathan O'Brien TD
Sinn Féin education spokesperson, Jonathan O'Brien TD, has said he shares the concerns of many teachers that the status of history and geography will be downgraded as a result of changes that are being made to the Junior Cert Cycle.
The Cork North Central TD was speaking after attending a briefing by the History Teachers' Association of Ireland (HTEA) at today's meeting of the Oireachtas Education Select Committee.
Deputy O'Brien said: "The Minister's plans to reform the Junior Cert Cycle are I believe, mostly progressive but I do have concerns that the status of both history and geography will be downgraded as a consequence of these changes.
"This must not happen and at today's briefing the HETA presented a very robust defence of history and why it is such an essential part of the school curriculum.
"It is important that Minister Quinn provides absolute clarity on the future status of history and geography as he presses ahead with implementing the reform of the Junior Cert Cycle.
"When taught as a core subject at Junior Cert Level, History promotes higher levels of literacy and it is a subject that is uniquely placed to allow students the chance to access all sorts of media as well as written documents drafted across various time periods.
"Both subjects are essential in learning about Ireland's unique history and heritage, as well as the contribution its people have made in world affairs.
"I welcome today's presentation by the HTEA who have made a very credible case for the retention of history as a core subject at Junior Cert Level."


text:
(-) Remove Theories filter Theories
Reproduction (3) Apply Reproduction filter
Dinosaur Egg Parataxonomy
Dinosaur egg parataxonomy is a classification system that organizes dinosaur eggs by descriptive features such as shape, size, and shell thickness. Though egg parataxonomy originated in the nineteenth century, Zi-Kui Zhao from Beijing, China, developed a modern parataxonomic system in the late twentieth century. Zhao's system, published in 1975, enabled scientists to organize egg specimens according to observable features, and to communicate their findings.
Subject: Theories
Study of Fossilized Massospondylus Dinosaur Embryos from South Africa (1978-2012)
In 1978, James Kitching discovered two dinosaur embryos in a road-cut talus at Roodraai (Red Bend) in Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa. Kitching assigned the fossilized embryos to the species of long necked herbivores Massospondylus carinatus (longer vertebra) from the Early Jurassic period, between 200 and 183 million years ago. The embryos were partially visible but surrounded by eggshell and rock, called matrix. Kitching said that the eggs were too delicate to remove from the matrix without damage.
Subject: Theories, Organisms
Ovism
Ovism was one of two models of preformationism, a theory of generation prevalent in the late seventeenth through the end of the eighteenth century. Contrary to the competing theory of epigenesis (gradual emergence of form), preformationism held that the unborn offspring existed fully formed in the eggs or sperm of its parents prior to conception. The ovist model held that the maternal egg was the location of this preformed embryo, while the other preformationism model known as spermism preferred the paternal germ cell, as the name implies.
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Mammals (1938-2013)
In the second half of the
twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some
species of mammals. Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and
mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory
and medical use. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell
research and regenerative medicine. Somatic cells are cells that
have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ
cells. Somatic cells donate their nuclei, which scientists
Subject: Theories, Technologies, Processes
Hartsoeker's Homunculus Sketch from Essai de Dioptrique
This embryology image is a pencil sketch by Nicolaas Hartsoeker, published as part of his 1694 French-language paper entitled Essai de Dioptrique, a semi-speculative work describing the sorts of new scientific observations that could be done using magnifying lenses. Dioptrique was published in Paris by the publishing house of Jean Anisson. The image depicts a curled up infant-like human, now referred to as a homunculus, inside the head of a sperm cell.
The Y-Chromosome in Animals
The Y-chromosome is one of a pair of chromosomes that determine the genetic sex of individuals in mammals, some insects, and some plants. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the development of new microscopic and molecular techniques, including DNA sequencing, enabled scientists to confirm the hypothesis that chromosomes determine the sex of developing organisms. In an adult organism, the genes on the Y-chromosome help produce the male gamete, the sperm cell. Beginning in the 1980s, many studies of human populations used the Y-chromosome gene sequences to trace paternal lineages.
Subject: Reproduction, Theories
Apoptosis in Embryonic Development
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a mechanism in embryonic development that occurs naturally in organisms. Apoptosis is a different process from cell necrosis, which is uncontrolled cell death usually after infection or specific trauma. As cells rapidly proliferate during development, some of them undergo apoptosis, which is necessary for many stages in development, including neural development, reduction in egg cells (oocytes) at birth, as well as the shaping of fingers and vestigial organs in humans and other animals. Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, and John E.
Preformationism in the Enlightenment
Preformationism was a theory of embryological development used in the late seventeenth through the late eighteenth centuries. This theory held that the generation of offspring occurs as a result of an unfolding and growth of preformed parts. There were two competing models of preformationism: the ovism model, in which the location of these preformed parts prior to gestation was the maternal egg, and the spermism model, in which a preformed individual or homunculus was thought to exist in the head of each sperm.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located outside the nucleus in the liquid portion of the cell (cytoplasm) inside cellular organelles called Mitochondria. Mitochondria are located in all complex or eukaryotic cells, including plant, animal, fungi, and single celled protists, which contain their own mtDNA genome. In animals with a backbone, or vertebrates, mtDNA is a double stranded, circular molecule that forms a circular genome, which ranges in size from sixteen to eighteen kilo-base pairs, depending on species. Each mitochondrion in a cell can have multiple copies of the mtDNA genome.
All cells that have a nucleus, including plant, animal, fungal cells, and most single-celled protists, also have mitochondria. Mitochondria are particles called organelles found outside the nucleus in a cell's cytoplasm. The main function of mitochondria is to supply energy to the cell, and therefore to the organism. The theory for how mitochondria evolved, proposed by Lynn Margulis in the twentieth century, is that they were once free-living organisms.
Subject: Organisms, Theories
"Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution" (1987), by Rebecca Louise Cann, Mark Stoneking, and Allan Charles Wilson
In 1987 Rebecca Louise Cann, Mark Stoneking, and Allan Charles Wilson published Mitochondrial DNA and Human Evolution in the journal Nature. The authors compared mitochondrial DNA from different human populations worldwide, and from those comparisons they argued that all human populations had a common ancestor in Africa around 200,000 years ago. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) is a small circular genome found in the subcellular organelles, called mitochondria.
Subject: Publications, Theories
Estrogen and the Menstrual Cycle in Humans
Estrogen is the primary sex hormone in women and it functions during the reproductive menstrual cycle. Women have three major types of estrogen: estrone, estradiol, and estriol, which bind to and activate receptors within the body. Researchers discovered the three types of estrogen over a period of seven years, contributing to more detailed descriptions of the menstrual cycle. Each type of estrogen molecule contains a slightly different arrangement or number of atoms that in turn causes some of the estrogens to be more active than others.
Subject: Theories, Reproduction
Thomas Hunt Morgan's Definition of Regeneration: Morphallaxis and Epimorphosis
For Thomas Hunt Morgan clarity was of utmost importance. He was therefore frustrated with the many disparate, disconnected terms that were used to refer to similar, if not the same, regenerative processes within organisms. When Morgan wrote Regeneration in 1901 there had been many different terms developed and adopted by various investigators to describe their observations. As a result there were many inconsistencies making it difficult to discuss results comparatively and also making it more challenging to generalize. Defining terms was a priority for Morgan.
Interspecies SCNT-derived Humanesque Blastocysts
Since the 1950s, scientists have developed interspecies blastocysts in laboratory settings, but not until the 1990s did proposals emerge to engineer interspecies blastocysts that contained human genetic or cellular material. Even if these embryos were not permitted to mature to fetal stages, their ethical and political status became debated within nations attempting to use them for research.
Spermism
Spermism was one of two models of preformationism, a theory of embryo generation prevalent in the late seventeenth through the end of the eighteenth century. Spermist preformationism was the belief that offspring develop from a tiny fully-formed fetus contained within the head of a sperm cell. This model developed slightly later than the opposing ovist model because sperm cells were not seen under the microscope until about 1677.
Germ Layers
A germ layer is a group of cells in an embryo that interact with each other as the embryo develops and contribute to the formation of all organs and tissues. All animals, except perhaps sponges, form two or three germ layers. The germ layers develop early in embryonic life, through the process of gastrulation. During gastrulation, a hollow cluster of cells called a blastula reorganizes into two primary germ layers: an inner layer, called endoderm, and an outer layer, called ectoderm.
ABO Blood Type Identification and Forensic Science (1900-1960)
The use of blood in forensic analysis is a method for identifying individuals suspected of committing some kinds of crimes. Paul Uhlenhuth and Karl Landsteiner, two scientists working separately in Germany in the early twentieth century, showed that there are differences in blood between individuals. Uhlenhuth developed a technique to identify the existence of antibodies, and Landsteiner and his students showed that humans had distinctly different blood types called A, B, AB, and O.
Subject: Theories, Legal, Technologies
Telomerase in Human Development
Telomerase is an enzyme that regulates the lengths of telomeres in the cells of many organisms, and in humans it begins to function int the early stages of embryonic development. Telomeres are repetitive sequences of DNA on the ends of chromosomes that protect chromosomes from sticking to each other or tangling. In 1989, Gregg Morin found that telomerase was present in human cells. In 1996, Woodring Wright and his team examined human embryonic cells and found that telomerase was active in them. Scientists manipulate telomerase in cells to give cells the capacity to replicate infinitely.
The Source-Sink Model
The source-sink model, first proposed by biologist Francis Crick in 1970, is a theoretical system for how morphogens distribute themselves across small fields of early embryonic cells. A morphogen is a substance that determines the fate and phenotype of a group of cells through a concentration gradient of itself across that group. Crick's theory has been experimentally confirmed with several morphogens, most notably with the protein bicoid , the first discovered morphogen. The model provides a theoretical structure for the understanding of some features of early embryonic development.
Translational Developmental Biology
Translational developmental biology is a growing approach to studying biological phenomena that explicitly aims to develop medical therapies. When discussing the generation of new therapies it is often argued that they will emerge as a "translation" from "fundamental biology." Although translational research is not a new term, "translational developmental biology" has been steadily gaining popularity as discoveries in cell and developmental biology, particularly those involving stem cells, provide a basis for regenerative medicine.
The French Flag Model
The French flag model represents how embryonic cells receive and respond to genetic information and subsequently differentiate into patterns. Created by Lewis Wolpert in the late 1960s, the model uses the French tricolor flag as visual representation to explain how embryonic cells can interpret genetic code to create the same pattern even when certain pieces of the embryo are removed. Wolpert's model has provided crucial theoretical framework for investigating universal mechanisms of pattern formation during development.
Subject: Processes, Theories
Julia Barlow Platt's Embryological Observations on Salamanders' Cartilage (1893)
In 1893, Julia Barlow Platt published her research on the origins of cartilage in the developing head of the common mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) embryo. The mudpuppy is an aquatic salamander commonly used by embryologists because its large embryonic cells and nuclei are easy to see. Platt followed the paths of cells in developing mudpuppy embryos to see how embryonic cells migrated during the formation of the head. With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells.
Subject: Experiments, Theories, Processes
"Testing the Kin Selection Theory: Who Controls the Investments?" from The Ants (1990), by Bert Hölldobler and Edward O. Wilson
In "Testing the Kin Selection Theory: Who Controls the Investments?" Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson discussed the predictive power of kin selection theory, a theory about the evolution of social behaviors. As part of Hölldobler's and Wilson's 1990 book titled The Ants, Hölldobler and Wilson compared predictions about the reproductive practices of ants to data about the reproductive practices of ants. They showed that the data generally supported the expected behaviors proposed by kin selection theory.
Epithelium
Frederik Ruysch, working in the Netherlands, introduced the term epithelia in the third volume of his Thesaurus Anatomicus in 1703. Ruysch created the term from the Greek epi, which means on top of, and thele, which means nipple, to describe the type of tissue he found when dissecting the lip of a cadaver. In the mid nineteenth century, anatomist Albrecht von Haller adopted the word epithelium, designating Ruysch's original terminology as the plural version. In modern science, epithelium is a type of animal tissue in which cells are packed into neatly arranged sheets.
The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (1924), by Paul Kammerer
The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics is a book published in 1924, written by Paul Kammerer, who studied developmental biology in Vienna, Austria, in the early twentieth century. The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics summarizes Kammerer's experiments, and explains their significance. In his book, Kammerer aims to explain how offspring inherit traits from their parents. Some scholars criticized Kammerer's reports and interpretations, arguing that they were inaccurate and misleading, while others supported Kammerer's work.


text:
Open Innovation Facilitator - REMOTE Full-time
Published at 2021-12-20 - Viewed: 838 times - Humanitarian OpenStreetMaps Team (HOT) (Worldwide/Remote)
Work Location: Remote; 40 hrs, Monday - Friday, Flexible Schedule, with functional overlap to HOT's core connection hours (UTC 1300 - 1700) required.
Application Close Date: January 2, 2022
Estimated Start date: February 1, 2022
Department: Technology Innovation
Reports to: Director of Technology Innovation
Terms: Full time, one year initial contract
Travel:Up to 20% international, including to HOT field project locations
Salary Scale: 8
About HOT
Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) sits at the nexus of participatory mapping, community-led development, humanitarian response, open data and tech. With a talented and diverse team spread around the globe, HOT is an NGO which supports a dynamic global community of thousands of dedicated volunteers using maps and open data for humanitarian response and the Sustainable Development Goals. Working with humanitarian and development partners like the Red Cross, Médecins Sans Frontières, UN agencies, governments and others, the HOT community maps in solidarity with those affected by or at risk of disaster, contributing the maps and data aid workers need to do their lifesaving work.
In 2020 the work of the HOT community was recognized by TED's Audacious Project, a collaborative philanthropic initiative that serves as a springboard for social impact on a grand scale, leading to an exciting new phase of growth. HOT is expanding its activities: opening four regional hubs and scaling up its support to local mapping communities with the audacious goal of mapping an area home to one billion people in 94 countries at high risk of disasters or experiencing poverty - mapping with communities before they are in crisis.
You are passionate about creating the space where bold ideas can have their 'time to come'. You know how to connect with people and connect people with possibility. You understand that innovation is not a noun, but a verb and you are dedicated to 'doing different'. You know how to listen and learn so you can provide the motivation and the means for small ideas to deliver big impact.
You are a firm believer that humans should always be at the centre of open and accessible innovation and technology. You are driven to play the role of connector, facilitator and enabler. You know that big ideas can come from anywhere and you are dedicated to designing an environment where underrepresented groups have equal opportunities to drive innovations that address their most pressing needs. You are dedicated to making a dent.
The Open Innovation Facilitator will coordinate and collaborate with a collective of open innovation and technology specialists, dedicated to the evolution of humanitarian open data, particularly related to open mapping. The candidate will enable and amplify the ideas and efforts of humanitarian hacktivists who believe deeply in finding new solutions to long standing problems. The candidate will be responsible for bringing together people through activities, events and opportunities in a way that builds equity, increases accessibility and influences the design and development of transformative open innovations.
The Open Innovation Facilitator will advance HOT's mission by operationalizing the HOT_Tech core ethics:
Human: Our Human ethic is our commitment to people as our priority. At the centre of all our technology sits a human. The ultimate purpose of our technology is to improve human conditions. We use technology to enable and amplify human efforts. We support them at personal and professional levels. We invest in their well-being and their growth. We provide security and stability. When our people thrive, so do we.
Open: Our Open ethic permeates all we do. Our actions reflect radical openness and transparency. We encourage open inputs and outputs. Our team and technology openly welcomes and engages community, collaboration and contribution.
Transformative: Our Transformative ethic speaks to our belief in technology's potential to connect and include. By investing time and resources in those who develop technologies that intentionally target injustice, we believe this creates a dent in systematic discrimination long rife in the global tech sector.
HOT_Tech Principles > https://github.com/hotosm/tech/blob/master/principles/README.md
Priority Areas for Action
Connections - The candidate's primary role will be to connect people to people, and people to opportunity. The candidate will create connections that sustain the collective and support its members. Relationships include local community organisations, nonprofits, stakeholders and funders.
Collectivism - Community centred open innovation is at the heart of our work and should be at the heart of the candidate. The candidate will prioritise the needs of the collective and ensure that knowledge, assets and collective value is generated through equitable collaboration.
Pathways - The candidate will forge and fortify open innovation pathways. You will ensure that there are clear, defined and agile avenues to convert ideas into impact. These pathways will support people to explore, test and evolve ideas in a way that gives them the best avenue to meaningful impact.
Facilitate a global network of specialists in order to build and nurture a culture of collaborative, community-led open innovation within HOT
Collaborate with regional hubs and open innovation and technology specialists to co-create a global vision for HOT's approach to open innovation
Organise and facilitate initiatives, events and opportunities to share knowledge, resources and learnings on open innovation across the organisation.
Build the capacity of regional specialists to localise and facilitate open innovation processes
Co-create an approach to open innovation that accelerates and amplifies community-led innovation
Create connections that support sustainable open innovation through seed, support and scaling opportunities
Foster a culture of innovation through curiosity, creativity and collaboration
Demonstrated experience facilitating and supporting professional networks, associations or communities of practice, particularly related to open innovation or technology.
Demonstrated excellence in facilitating and nurturing individuals and relationships.
Experience working with diverse, distributed teams over multiple geographies
Commitment to intentional, inclusive and equitable open innovation
Working knowledge of Principles for Digital Development and Human Centred Design
Excellent interpersonal skills and ability to connect with people online and in person.
Strong written and verbal communication in English
Experience working in international humanitarian or development agencies/NGOs
Demonstrated history of mentoring, teaching, coaching or guiding colleagues
Additional language proficiency will enable the candidate to connect deeper to the role
Behavioural Skills
Empathy, curiosity and humility
Facilitator, guide and enabler mindsets
Openness and willingness to 'do different'
Open, inclusive and motivational communication
A collaborative, self-motivated, "always-learning" spirit, driven to improve inclusive user experience
Self-awareness of personal biases and behavioural blindspots
Are you missing a few of the technical skills listed? We would still like to see your application. While the skills above fit our vision of this role, we are open to those candidates with a strong knowledge foundation that are fast learners and highly motivated to close any skill gaps.
HOT values transparency and equity. All HOT compensation globally is set according to a framework detailed on our website. HOT offers a work-from-anywhere culture, flexible working arrangements, and various other benefits that support staff wellbeing.
We seek to recruit persons that reflect the diversity of the communities we work with. HOT does not discriminate on the basis of age, gender identity and expression, national origin, race and ethnicity, physical ability, religious or belief systems, political convictions, or sexual orientation. Further, HOT seeks to support the development and advancement of staff within the organization. Our staff includes people who are parents and nonparents, the self-taught and university educated, and from a wide range of socio-economic backgrounds, lived experiences, and perspectives on the world. HOT is an equal opportunity employer. We seek to live our values and promote inclusivity in all locations. All of our staff work collectively and individually to promote a constructive and sensitive approach to others from a variety of backgrounds, where the work of all is valued and respected.
HOT is committed to diversity within our team, and recognizes our role in closing the digital divide, including identifying obstacles that certain groups face in developing skills needed for roles in the humanitarian & technology sectors. Women, nationals of developing countries, and members of other underrepresented groups are strongly encouraged to apply.
Please complete the application by January 2, 2022. Your CV/resume should not exceed 2 pages.
https://hotosm.bamboohr.com/jobs/view.php?id=77&source=aWQ9NTk%3D
Recent jobs at Humanitarian OpenStreetMaps Team (HOT):
Tech Product Designer
2021-12-20 - at Humanitarian OpenStreetMaps Team (HOT) — Worldwide/Remote Full-time
Tech Product Designer - REMOTE
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text:
National Day of Prayer observances defy criticisms
by Staff, posted Thursday, May 06, 2010 (9 years ago)
WASHINGTON (BP)--Tens of thousands of people gathered throughout the United States May 6 to observe the National Day of Prayer, an annual event buffeted by an adverse court ruling this year.
"Prayer is the most powerful resource we have in this life; yet, many only turn to it as a last resort," Franklin Graham, honorary chairman of the National Day of Prayer Task Force, wrote in a statement urging the nation to pray.
"When unbelievers pray for repentance of sin and ask for God's forgiveness, prayer is the spiritual dynamite that obliterates the darkness and despair of a sin-soaked soul," Graham, son of evangelist Billy Graham, wrote. "For those who have already experienced the grace of Almighty God through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, prayer becomes the catalyst for fellowship with the Lord of our souls, redeemed by His blood.
"By tapping into the channel by which we commune with the One who calls His children 'friends,' we can receive His strength in our weakness; His guidance in our steps; and His mercy when we stumble along life's path."
President Obama issued a proclamation April 30 inviting Americans to give thanks, days after a federal judge ruled that a statute setting a day for the National Day of Prayer is unconstitutional, amounting to a governmental call for religious action.
"On this day, let us give thanks for the many blessings God has bestowed upon our nation," the president said. "Let us rejoice for the blessing of freedom both to believe and to live our beliefs, and for the many other freedoms and opportunities that bring us together as one nation. Let us ask for wisdom, compassion, and discernment of justice as we address the great challenges of our time."
Obama suggested prayer for those suffering from natural disasters in Haiti, Chile and elsewhere; the families of the West Virginia coal miners who died in April; members of the Armed Forces and their families; and the "unsung heroes" who struggle to build their communities and raise their families.
"I call upon the citizens of our nation to pray, or otherwise give thanks, in accordance with their own faiths and consciences, for our many freedoms and blessings, and I invite all people of faith to join me in asking for God's continued guidance, grace and protection as we meet the challenges before us," Obama said.
The White House decided to appeal the federal judge's opinion, giving supporters hope that the day may continue to receive the support of the nation's highest elected official. Read More
Evangelist murdered in India's Bihar state
LAXMANPUR, India (BP)--An evangelist who helped screen the "JESUS" film in eastern India's Bihar state was brutally murdered May 2.
Reported details of the murder vary. Read More
Nashville not only area with record flooding
by Michael Foust, posted Thursday, May 06, 2010 (9 years ago)
Photo courtesy Tennessee Emergency Management Agency
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (BP)--President Obama declared 11 counties in Tennessee major disaster areas May 6, bringing the total number of statewide counties receiving the designation to 21 and making it clear that the record flood damage stretches well beyond the Nashville area. Read More
TRUSTEES: IMB pres. search continues
by Erich Bridges, posted Thursday, May 06, 2010 (9 years ago)
CHICAGO (BP)--International Mission Board trustees, meeting in Chicago, continued their search for a successor to IMB President Jerry Rankin and made arrangements for interim leadership if the search extends beyond ... Read More
Missouri Baptists win crucial ruling in Windermere court case
SPRINGFIELD, Mo. (BP)--The Missouri Baptist Convention has won a crucial ruling from the Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, in its effort to recover the Windermere Baptist Conference Center in Camden County.
In a unanimous ruling, a three-judge appeals panel held that the trial judge in May 2009 improperly dismissed the convention's petition to recover title to 1,300 acres of Windermere real estate on the Lake of the Ozarks.
"We agree with the position asserted by the Conven... Read More
iPhone app aids preaching, evangelism
by Keith Collier, posted Thursday, May 06, 2010 (9 years ago)
FORT WORTH, Texas (BP)--A free iPhone application that includes preaching resources and evangelism tools has been launched by Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
"More than just provide information about Southwestern, we wanted to give all Christians and pastors helpful resources for use in life and ministry," said Matt Fuller, director of web services and developer of the iPhone app. "We believe this app captures Southwestern's heartbeat: 'Preach the Word, Reach the World.'"
Th... Read More
GCRTF VIEWPOINT (Les Puryear): The 'hypocrisy' of 'Great Commission Giving'
by Les Puryear, posted Thursday, May 06, 2010 (9 years ago)
LEWISVILLE, N.C. (BP)--Recently the senior pastor of a megachurch in Tennessee was roundly criticized in the liberal blogosphere because he preached on tithing.
The criticism came not just because he preached on tithing but due to the way he preached on tithing. This pastor said that church members should give at least 10 percent of their income undesignated to the church. He said that if his members did not do this they would be "robbing God" (Malachi 3:8). The controversy came in the illu... Read More
FIRST-PERSON: Vindication for I.D. at Baylor?
by William A. Dembski, posted Thursday, May 06, 2010 (9 years ago)
FORT WORTH, Texas (BP)--Baylor University remains a proving ground for SBC controversies. Read More
Wed, May 05, 2010


Sytheon is a creator and supplier of innovative and oftentimes proprietary active ingredients for the personal care industry. Begun in 2006, Sytheon's global headquarters is located in the US with its European affiliate in France. While many suppliers to the personal care industry remain narrowly focused on natural and bio-concepts, Sytheon's priorities are for developing well-defined active ingredients with strong product characterization, maintaining high quality standards, manufactured following the guidelines for green chemistry and providing its customers with scientifically rigorous and compelling claim substantiation. Sytheon is being recognized as a technology driven innovative company. Therefore, customers look to partner with us when developing their next winning formula. This is an advantage that truly sets Sytheon apart from the competitions. Customers know that this special partnership matters. Sytheon ingredients are the difference between a good result and truly a great one!


Silent-running, battery-powered blower, with which you can also work at times and in places where noise nuisance could cause problems. Easy to use; push the control panel once to start the machine and the cruise control function enables you to focus all your attention on blowing away leaves and litter. With a fully-charged 36 V Li-ion battery, you can work just as long as you could with a full tank of petrol. And since the recharging time is shorter than the standard operating time, you can keep on working without stopping with just one extra battery.


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Compensation provided by Sears Style.
Bikini season. Some dread it, some revere it, but few are indifferent. It has always seemed odd to me that during the summer, at the pool or beach, it is totally normal to basically walk around in your underwear. Not that I have anything against this – it's just always seemed strange to me. Why am I supposed to care so much if a stranger accidently sees my bra or underwear and yet be totally unfazed by spending all day in a bikini during a select couple of months in the summer?
For a long time though, this either dreaded or revered season showed no mercy. You were forced outside in your skivvies like that bad dream where your clothes fell off during 6th period english class. Until now. The one piece is back! And with a vengeance. It's making the fashion statement it had been shamed into hiding since when, the 1950's? And all I can say is, thank God.
I found this one at Sears. I love the color palette, but what really sold me was the back criss-crossing lace up detail. Plus, before the pool, I can throw on some shorts and wear it as a shirt. Pretty practical and I always like that.


1 In a shallow heatproof dish, soften the garlic in the two tablespoons of oil and add the rosemary and chilli if using. Add the remaining oil, lemon juice and zest and warm through but do not allow to boil or even get too hot.
2 Brush the prawns with a little oil and season well with salt and black pepper. Cook on a char grill over medium/high heat until just cooked through.
3 Add the prawns to the warm oil and lemon mixture and loosely cover for five minutes before serving with crusty bread.


text:
News • Coronavirus
State Death Toll Reaches 95, Harvey Weinstein Has Coronavirus in Prison
by The Stranger • Mar 22, 2020 at 3:46 pm
We must learn to live with our novel coronavirus. FPM / GETTY IMAGES
This post has been archived. Read our latest coronavirus updates here.
• 95 people have died and there have been a total of 1,996 confirmed cases in Washington state so far, according to numbers released at 3 pm today by the state. That's only one additional death in the last 24 hours.
• "Harvey Weinstein has tested positive for COVID-19, and has been put into isolation."
• A Target store in Seattle apologizes for selling face masks while medical workers face shortages.
• Rand Paul, "one of eight Republican senators who voted against a coronavirus relief package last week," has tested positive for COVID-19. He was reportedly at the Senate gym this morning, swimming in the pool.
• 50,000 N95 surgical masks arrive at a UW researcher's house, thanks to Elon Musk.
• Cancer patients are being turned away from local hospitals as facilities brace for a coronavirus surge.
• Lynnwood gun store owner says, "People are scared and now they're massively buying guns." Oh good, yeah, good idea everyone, guns will help.
• Washington State hospitals are running out of ventilators.
• Feds announce that some places in the US that need masks and ventilators are going to have to wait.
• Italy announced 793 new deaths in one 24 hour period. Look at these charts.
• In Canada, the "total number of coronavirus deaths jumped to 19, an increase of 46 percent."
• Nevertheless, people in the Seattle area spent Saturday crowding into nature areas. A solo runner on Tiger Mountain was horrified by what he saw yesterday. What is wrong with you people? Meanwhile, here's what Rattlesnake Ridge looked like yesterday:
Fer fuck's sake https://t.co/n7KSh631qh
— ChristopherFrizzelle (@TheFrizzelle) March 21, 2020
• Microsoft's CEO tells the company, "We are in uncharted territory."
• Sound Transit is temporarily going fare-free to reduce hand-to-hand contact.
- No fares on Metro or Sound Transit starting Saturday
- Board through the back door if you can
- Service cuts coming, don't trust Google Maps
- Bus drivers will still get paid if their route is reduced, Metro says
- Something I should know? DMs openhttps://t.co/3kBkaRgcge
— Heidi Groover (@heidigroover) March 21, 2020
• The Peace Corps is firing 7,300 volunteers from 61 countries.
• Playgrounds and sports courts are being closed in Seattle and King County. A warning from Spain: If you want your parks to stay open during a pandemic, keep your distance from each other.
JUST IN: Seattle and King County are closing playgrounds and sports courts to aid coronavirus social distancing.
Ballfields and playfields will remain open for walking and other non-team activities. Appears to be effective immediately.
— Daniel Beekman (@DBeekman) March 21, 2020
• Wait, what the fuck.
Here's the scene right now at Alki Beach in Seattle, despite the governor pleading that people stay home:
• Beach volleyball games
• Crowds around bonfires
• Groups of roller-bladers
• A line of customers for fish-and-chips
(I got out of my car only to take picture) pic.twitter.com/tznCyrlLtI
— Mike Baker (@ByMikeBaker) March 21, 2020
• There are now 1524 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Washington and 83 deaths, according to Friday's update from the Washington Department of Health. That's an increase of 148 cases and nine deaths since Thursday.
• One of Mike Pence's staffers tested positive for coronavirus. A White House spokesperson said that "neither President Trump nor Vice President Pence had close contact with the individual."
• Illinois has issued a stay-at-home order: "The order is set to start at 5 p.m. Saturday and go until April 7. Like other states, the order will mean residents can still go to the grocery stores, put gas in their cars, take walks outside and make pharmacy runs."
• Gov. Gavin Newsom, the man in charge of the fifth-largest economy in the world, has ordered 40 million Californians to stay at home: "We will look back at these decisions as pivotal," he said.
• Meanwhile, Inslee gave an address to the state Friday evening where he encouraged everyone to stay at home. If you catch roving bands of 18-year-olds, tell them the governor will scold them. He also asked everyone to call the older people in their lives and tell them "not to be going to dinner parties and coffee clatches, and sewing needle get-togethers."
• Washington is getting a shipment of personal protective equipment for health care workers from federal government stockpiles this weekend. Though Inslee said the state is still short ventilators, we're getting 1.6 million N95 masks, over half a million surgical masks, 12 million disposable gloves (unclear if that's pairs or singles), 650,000 gowns (which could be made "in our prison industries, actually"), and 74,000 canisters of disinfectant wipes.
• Inslee also said "employers have got to do their part to flatten this curve." To that end, he said he's "working on" an order that would "ensure" people over the age of 65 and/or people with serious medical conditions can legally stay home, collect unemployment, and get their job back when this is over.
• Do you have personal protective equipment? The city of Seattle would love it if you donated it.
• A Bothell company is increasing its production of ventilators, which are needed in severe COVID-19 cases. From KOMO:
Prior to the outbreak, Ventec produced roughly 150 ventilators a month. It's now ramping production up to 1,000 month, working around the clock to do so while actively looking to hire 100-150 people.
• The Pacific Science Center has laid off most of its staff.
• Mayor Jenny Durkan's office announced that some rent relief is coming to some arts organizations and businesses in some parts of Seattle.
• Our state's unemployment system is overwhelmed. "Unlike during the Great Recession, when claims increased gradually, 'this is all happening at once.'"
• Take a breather and read a fucking poem. Or exercise. Or let Ben Gibbard sing a new song to you:
• The tax deadline has been moved to July 15.
• Governor Inslee announced statewide restrictions on all "non-urgent medical and dental procedures" so healthcare workers can preserve medical equipment. There are some exceptions, which are outlined here.
• A Seattle team just got funding for a groundbreaking coronavirus treatment.
• As one Florida beach shuts down, another opens. Floridians need a statewide beach shutdown.
I want you to watch this video and see for yourself the difference between how Paris one of the most touristic cities in the world is taking the Coronavirus threat and how Clearwater Florida is dealing with it so that it doesn't lose tourism revenue during spring break #Covid_19 pic.twitter.com/CbUCf1VZ2r
— Ayman Mohyeldin (@AymanM) March 19, 2020
• Big news, nerds: JSTOR is making its database of over 6,000 ebooks and over 150 journals open to the public. With many universities around the globe shutting down due to the coronavirus, JSTOR says it's working to make more content freely available.
• Stop saying you're "fine" just because you're younger or don't have underlying conditions: "New C.D.C. data shows that nearly 40 percent of patients sick enough to be hospitalized were age 20 to 54. But the risk of dying was significantly higher in older people."
• At a press conference Wednesday afternoon, Governor Inslee announced a statewide eviction moratorium. The moratorium still begs the question:
But no rent relief — so when rent comes due, doubly, next month, what do renters do? https://t.co/cublBMXK8b
— Katherine Khashimova Long (@_katya_long) March 18, 2020
• Get used to online school, Huskies.
• The New York Stock Exchange will temporarily close floor trading starting on Monday. Electronic trading will still be allowed.
• A Shoreline soccer field is turning into a temporary 200-bed field hospital.
• Mayor Durkan built on to her residential eviction moratorium by introducing an eviction moratorium for small businesses. From Seattle Times's Daniel Beekman:
Seattle's commercial evictions order, which Durkan signed Tuesday, says the moratorium will last 60 days or until the end of the city's emergency. It covers evictions related to nonpayment of rent and lease expirations, and it defines a small business as any business entity with 50 or fewer employees, including sole proprietorships.
• What people need is a motherfucking rent freeze.
• A new study from the New England Journal of Medicine determined COVID-19 can live for three days on surfaces like plastic and steel. It can also suspend airborne for roughly 30 minutes. It survives on cardboard for about 24 hours.
• The U.S. and Canada closed its border and are no longer allowing nonessential travel.
• How long will all of this last? The U.S. virus plan anticipates an 18-month long pandemic with widespread shortages.
• There's a siege mentality among grocery store employees: "People are going to keep needing food. It's such a weird feeling when you come to work. It's like walking into a minefield."
• STOP PANIC SHOPPING. "We're in unprecedented times, consumers need to be patient."
"We want the public to be assured that if they will return to their normal pace of grocery shopping that there will be an adequate supply of products for their consumption," said Jan Gee, president and CEO of the Washington Food Industry Association. #COVID19 #covid19wa https://t.co/3ZpXlIWRcH
— WA Emergency Management (@waEMD) March 15, 2020
• A drive-thru coronavirus test site is now open to UW Medicine patients. "Starting Tuesday and every day after for as long as needed the drive-thru clinic will be open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m, and perform 50 tests a day," reports KOMO. The staff is hoping they can add other sites in the near future.
• Seattle's Kaiser Permanente Research Institute is officially "Team Coronavirus." They gave the first shots in a first test of an experimental coronavirus vaccine on Monday.
Here's the 1st of 4 volunteers who this morning received an investigational vaccine for COVID-19 as part of a @kpwashington phase 1 clinical trial. Learn more here: https://t.co/gSJtLyOG2K Thanks to @NIH for making it possible. Credit: Ted S. Warren / AP Photos https://t.co/WiFc7WXlSf pic.twitter.com/IqovYszmYB
— KP WA Research (@KPWaResearch) March 16, 2020
• "All of us have to recognize that for the next several weeks, normal is not in our game plan," said Governor Inslee at a Monday morning press conference. Inslee is shutting down bars, restaurants, theaters, coffee shops, gyms, bowling alleys, and more statewide. Grocery stores and pharmacies can continue to operate, and dining establishments can move to take-out service if they implement appropriate distancing measures.
• The governor is also prohibiting gatherings of 50 people or more statewide.
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is telling people not to go to the doctor if they're sick. COVID-19 tests are only being saved for the "sickest of the sick." Here's what you should do if you're showing symptoms:
If you develop a fever, cough and shortness of breath, the CDC says, call your doctor. Get immediate help if you have "emergency warning signs" such as trouble breathing, chest pain or pressure, confusion, or "bluish lips or face."
• Blood. We fucking need it.
• What's it like delivering a baby during the coronavirus crisis? If a mother has any potential COVID-19 symptoms, her newborn baby is kept at least six feet away from her.
• Governor Inslee has closed all schools statewide, both public and private, through at least April 24.
• Keep up to date with our list of events around Seattle that have been canceled due to the coronavirus outbreak.
• Why does soap work so well to stop COVID-19? A nanoparticle expert explains.
• Here is an interactive map of all coronavirus cases around the world.


text:
Pyrazophos is an organic compound used as a fungicide and an insecticide.

Uses
Pyrazophos is a systemic fungicide which is used in orchards, vineyards and vegetable crops against powdery mildew. In some instances, the compound is also an effective insecticide (e.g. against leaf-miner flies).

History
The compound has been commercially available since 1970.

References

External links

Pyrazolopyrimidines
Fungicides
Insecticides
Ethyl esters
Organophosphates


text:
Home Wildlife Blog Hope is the new face of the Natural History Museum
Hope is the new face of the Natural History Museum
After a lot of publicity, today the main hall of London's renown Natural History Museum has been reopened after a somewhat controversial makeover. We have waved goodbye to Dippy, the famous Diplodocus skeleton that has stood guard over the entrance to the museum for almost 40 years, and now we say hello to Hope, the 25m long blue whale skeleton, which resided over the Hall of Mammals since 1938.
Since the news was released of dippy's departure over 2 years ago, the museum has been met with a lot of hostility from the general public. In a lot of ways I am very sympathetic with the outrage shown by people over this decision. I, like so many others, have grown up with dippy as the mascot of Natural History. He was a symbol of the wonder held within the halls of the museum, and as I walked through those doors numerous times over the years there was always a pleasant feeling of nostalgia, almost like greeting an old friend. Despite this, I welcome the change and am excited by it.
Looking up at Dippy towards the end of last year, knowing that this would be the last time I saw him in this prime spot, I thought about the original remains from which the cast had been made. What had Dippy been like when he was alive? What would it have been like to stand in its presence gazing up at this mighty beast? But sadly I will never know, because dippy and all of those like him are long gone. Nothing left of them but the traces of bone to be shown to tourists in museums like this across the world.
Goodbye Dippy!
When I next pay a visit to the Natural History Museum, which I plan to do very soon, I will look up at the awe-inspiring remains of the creature which has taken Dippys place. The appropriately named Hope. I will feel amazed by the sheer size and weight of the blue whale skeleton, looking even more grand in the wide space of the ornate entrance hall. A magnificent creature, the largest animal to ever have existed and, more to the point, still alive today for us to observe in all of its wonder. At least for now.
It is no secret that we are living in an ever changing world. A world where the environmental impacts of humans are becoming more evident every single year with more and more species increasingly going extinct. The blue whale was a species that once stared extinction in the face when they were nearly hunted out of the world forever in the early 1900s. But then an amazing thing happened, people decided the beauty of nature was worth fighting for and extensive conservation work made the blue whale the first species we decided to save on a global scale and since then their numbers have soared.
So let the departure of dippy and the welcome of Hope serve as a wondrous reminder of both the incredible diversity of wildlife that still live on planet earth today and the uncertain future it now faces. But let it also serve as a reminder that we can do something about it. My hope is that one day people won't be looking up at these remains of a creature long dead, mere shadows of their living selves, wondering what it was like to see a living, breathing blue whale. Let Hope serve as a gentle reminder for us to act now, before it is too late.
Dippy
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