sometimes referred to as Kirchhoff's current rule.
Fundamentally, this rule is based upon the concept of conservation of charge.
coming into the junction must be equal to the current leaving the junction.
destroyed, all of the electrons entering must also leave.
Here's an example where Kirchhoff's junction rule can be applied.
I am going to use Kirchhoff's law that we discussed.
that two of the wires carry 3 milliamps.
So here's how I'm going to look at this.
current 1 + current 2 + current 3.
I know that my total current is this 10 milliamps.
the current going through this third bridge.
the current there is going to be 6 milliamps.
The second rule is called Kirchhoff's loop rule or Kirchhoff's voltage rule.
This physics principle is based upon the concept of conservation of energy.
energy must be conserved and total charge in voltage for a complete loop must be 0.
it would either gain or lose energy and would not fit energy conservation.
Let's look at an example in a simple circuit.
in this case they tell me that the total voltage of the battery is 6 volts.
and they want me to figure out the voltage drop in the second resistor.
this, Here would be a sketch of the picture.
6 volts is in the total battery over here.
I lost 2 volts over here.
which means that the voltage drop across the second resistor is 4 volts.
>> The example we just worked is what is called the series circuit.
circuit elements are placed directly one after another.
must have equal current since there are no junctions or splits.
all the circuit elements must equal the voltage across the battery.
these three steps are helpful guidance.
1, find the equivalent resistance of the entire circuit.
2, use Ohm's law to find the total current, I, through the battery.
to find the voltage drop across each.
What do we mean by equivalent resistance here?
Suppose that three resistors are connected in series to a battery.
that the current through the battery would not change.
that the equivalent resistance equals R1 + R2 + R3.
and they're connected in series to a 9 volt battery.
the current through each resistor.
to help me visualize what's going on.
are connected end to end to one another.
So, I would call this Resistor 1, this Resistor 2, and this Resistor 3.
This is our symbol for our battery.
Remember that the long side of the diagram is the positive side of the battery.
The small side is the negative side.
will leave the battery going this way.
We talk about conventional current, positive current flow.
That means it goes clockwise around this loop and back again.
So we know the direction.
whatever electrons leave the battery must go through each of those resistors.
There's no other forks or splits for them to go anywhere else.
I can find my equivalent resistance by adding them together.
and redraw the [INAUDIBLE] what it looks like at this point.
instead I have an equivalent resistance of 9 ohms.
resistance I can find the equivalent curve.
The voltage that this equivalent resistance is connected to is 9 volts.
So, I know that there is 1 amp going through this equivalent resistance.
That means that there must be 1 amp going through the battery.
resistance and those three separate resistors.
1 amp going through this resistor.
And now we have all of the currents in the problem.
Our next thing it would like us to find is the voltage across each resistor.
Well, remember that we just found the current.
R2 is 3 ohms and R3 is 4 ohms.
So, we know the current and the resistance for each.
V = IR, to find the voltage.
R voltage for resistor 1 would be 2 volts.
Same thing here for this resistor.
V = IR for Resistor 2.
we have a 3 volt drop on that resistor.
And for the last one here, V = IR.
1 amp x 4 ohms gives me 4 volts.
So, notice then what we have.
We dropped 2 volts, and then 3 volts, and then 4 volts.
So, as your check, go back and follow your loop role.
a battery means we go up 9 volts.
We then dropped 2, we then dropped 3, we then dropped 4.
That means we back down to 0 volts.
But all the rises in voltage minus all the falls should bring you back to 0.
It's based upon conservation of energy.
of the circuit elements are connected together as seen here.
Notice how that a junction exists.
The current from the battery must split.
be equal to the sum of the current in the three branches.
In this case, total current equals current 1 + current 2, + current 3.
rule shows us that all three resistors must have equal voltage drop across them.
which equals the voltage of the battery.
these three steps are helpful guides.
Step 1, find the equivalent resistance of the circuit.
Step 2, use Ohm's law to find the total current through the battery.
branch using the total voltage.
So, for this question, if you recall, are rules for parallel circuits.
I've got three resistors connected in parallel.
They tell me that I have resistance of 2 ohms, 3 ohms and 4 ohms.
total voltage is going to equal the voltage going down each branch.
9 volts running through here and 9 volts going down this bridge as well.
In order to solve for my current, say this is 1, 2, 3.
I can solve by saying V1 = current 1 x R.
V is 9, current is what I'm solving for and R is 2.
divided by resistance 2, which is 9/3.
This gives me 3 amps.
the voltage as mentioned was 9 volts across each branch.
the current for each of these three resistors.
Now, what it wants us to do is calculate the power dissipated in each resistor.
which one is the dimmest bulb?
the base equation for power is current multiplied by voltage.
into this equation to get other versions.
But since we know everything at this point that we need, I x V works great.
And I can do this calculation for each of the three resistors.
the voltage across it, the voltage dropped 2 volts.
So, there's a 2-watt power dissipation over resistor 1.
the current was 1, the voltage this time 3 volts, the power is 3 watts.
they all had the same amperage, because they were all in series.
The voltage, 4 volts, I get 4 watts.
the one we just calculated, the 4 watt resistor, would be the brightest by volt.
should add up to the power dissipated by the battery overall.
see that overall, the circuit is using from the battery, 9 volts.
And when I add these three to the right, together, 4 + 3 + 2, that also gives me 9.
by the resistors, which is what we expect.


Paul McGregor said: "Three of the past four years it's been won by two points or less so it indicates the rivalry there and the occasion," "I don't think tomorrow will be any different; a hard-fought contest dominated through the middle third of the field and finished off by your main ball players and skilful backs"
Mauricio Pochettino added: "I think it is so close to the end of the season, [there is] a lot of time to talk after. and I think the most important thing now, not only for him, is for all the players to be focused and try to achieve the things we want"
Ronald O Hanley told: "Our results reflect challenging industry conditions,"
Bill Bullard disse: "A R-CALF USA está tomando esta medida histórica para cumprir sua promessa aos seus membros de impedir que os embaladores do Big 4 capturem o mercado de gado dos EUA de produtores independentes de gado dos EUA,"
David Scott disse: "O impacto da conduta dos embaladores nos pecuaristas americanos tem sido catastrófico,"
Petro Poroshenko ütles: "Tulemused on selged. Helistan oma vastasele ja õnnitlen teda. Ma lahkun ametist, kuid ma tahan rõhutada - ma ei lahku poliitikast,"


text:
Bee it Known: Biodiversity is Critical to Ecosystems – Rutgers University
By Mads McElgunn on September 21, 2022 in Beneficials/Pollinators, Biodiversity, Developing Healthy Landscapes, ELA News, Landscaping for Wildlife, Resources
Originally published by Rutgers University. Reprinted with permission.
By: Kitta MacPherson
A Rutgers-led study on bees shows how different species pollinate the same plants over time
Rutgers has conducted the first study showing how many more species of bees are needed to maintain crop yields when a longer-term time frame is considered.
In the paper, which was recently published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, scientists said biodiversity of the bee population is critical to maintaining the ecosystem function of crop pollination, which is critical to humanity's food supply.
"We found that biodiversity plays a key role in the stability of ecosystems over time," said Natalie Lemanski, lead author on the study and a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources at the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences (SEBS). "You do actually need more bee species in order to get stable pollination services over a growing season and over years."
The team on the study focused on various populations of bees at dozens of farms in New Jersey, Pennsylvania and California and found that many more bee species were not only needed for pollination than expected over an entire flowering season, but even more were needed over multiple years.
The researchers said they discovered different bee species pollinated the same types of plants at different times of the year. They also found that different bee species were the dominant pollinators on the same kind of plants in different years. Because of natural fluctuations in bee populations, researchers said, all bee species present were needed to maintain a minimum threshold of pollination during lean years.
"This research shows that abundance [of a species] matters, but bee diversity matters even more," said Michelle Elekonich, the deputy division director of the National Science Foundation's Directorate for Biological Sciences, which funded the study. "It's not the same bees that are abundant at a given point in time, and variety is necessary to provide balance during a growing season – and from year to year."
Lemanski said the study offers substantiation to a long-standing concept ecologists refer to as the "insurance hypothesis." The idea is that ecosystems probably benefit when nature "diversifies the portfolio," supporting multiple species of a category of a plant or animal, rather than relying on one dominant species.
"We found that two to three times as many bee species were needed to meet a target level of crop pollination over the course of a growing season compared to a single date," Lemanski said. "Similarly, twice as many species were needed to provide pollination over the course of six years compared to a single year."
The researchers based their analysis on their own extensive observations of bee visits to flowers and measurements of the quantity of pollen grains deposited on individual flowers over weeks and months within a given calendar year and then over multiple years. They collected the data, with permission of farmers, at 16 blueberry farms in South Jersey, at 25 watermelon farms in Central Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and at 36 watermelon farms in the Northern Central Valley of California.
"The magnitude of increase in species needed over multiple years was remarkably consistent among crop systems when considered over the same interval of time," Lemanski said. "In addition, the fact that the relationship between timescale and the number of species needed did not level off suggests that even longer time series, spanning multiple seasons, may further bolster the need for biodiversity to ensure reliable ecosystem service."
Rachael Winfree, a professor in the Rutgers Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources at SEBS, was the senior author on the paper, which was also written in collaboration with Neal Williams of the University of California-Davis. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative.
What is 'Deep Ecology'?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Serrasalmus hastatus ist eine Sägesalmlerart aus dem tropischen Südamerika. Das Artepitheton ist vom lateinischen hastatus, speerförmig, abgeleitet und bezieht sich auf den spitzen und abgeflachten Mund.

Beschreibung

Lebende Exemplare
Serrasalmus hastatus erreicht eine Standardlänge von 15 cm. Das Rückenprofil ist zu den Augen hin konkav und zum Ansatz der Rückenflosse leicht konvex. Die Färbung ist glänzend silbern mit einem bläulichen Schimmer. Die vertikalen Flossen sind transparent und wie bei präparierten Exemplaren pigmentiert. Das Auge ist silberblau und dorsal und ventral von der Pupille dunkel grau-blau pigmentiert.

Die Brustflossen (Pectorale) haben 14–16, die Rückenflosse (Dorsale) 15–17 und die Afterflosse (Anale) 31–34 Strahlen. Die Art hat 37–38 Wirbel, 7–8 Abdominalzähne (Serrae) und 19–21 Abdominalzähne vor den Bauchflossen.

Präparierte Exemplare
Die Färbung ist, wie bei vielen Piranha-Arten, sehr variabel. Die Grundfärbung ist goldbraun, oberhalb der Seitenlinie zum Rücken hin dunkler. An den Seiten trägt die Art zahlreiche längliche, schmale, kurze oder längere Streifen die zum Schwanz hin gegen länger und dunkler tendieren. Die paarigen Flossen sind transparent, bei manchen Exemplaren sind die vorderen Strahlen der Brustflossen pigmentiert. Die vertikalen Flossen sind dunkel, bei den meisten Exemplaren bilden Pigmente ein diffuses distales Band. Die Augen sind goldbraun mit einem dunklen vertikalen Band dorsal und ventral zur Pupille.

Verbreitung
S. hastatus ist endemisch in Brasilien. Die Spezies lebt im Rio Branco und Rio Negro in Amazonien. Der Holotypus stammt vom Marara-Strand des Rio Branco, Paratypen vom gleichen Ort sowie vom Überschwemmungswald von Maguari (Rio Branco) und von Anavilhanas (Rio Negro). Weitere Lebensräume ist die Mündung des Rio Branco, der Rio Uraricoera und der Rio Solimões in der Nähe von Manaus. Die Art kommt hauptsächlich in Schwarz- und Klarwasserflüssen vor.

Lebensweise
S. hastatus kommt in ähnlichen Biotopen wie S. altuvei und S. compressus vor. Er ernährt sich wahrscheinlich unter anderem von den Flossen anderer Fischarten.

Systematik
S. hastatus ist eine neu entdeckte Piranha-Art, die erst 2001 beschrieben wurde. Sie bildet zusammen mit S. compressus, S. geryi, S. hollandi, S. marginatus, S. rhombeus und S. sanchezi eine Klade nah verwandter Arten und kann leicht mit Serrasalmus altuvei, S. compressus, S. altispinis, oder S. geryi verwechselt werden.

Literatur
 W.L. Fink, und A. Machado-Allison: Serrasalmus hastatus, a new species of piranha from Brazil, with comments on Serrasalmus altuvei and Serrasalmus compressus (Teleostei: Characiformes). In: Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 2001, No. 730, S. 1–18. (Online; PDF-Datei; 1,44 MB)

Anmerkungen und Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Sägesalmler
Serrasalmidae

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Genesys Continuing Medical Education is committed to providing the highest-quality learning opportunities for physicians and other health care professionals. Our overall goal is to develop and implement creative, ethical, and evidence-based educational opportunities that are designed to increase physician competence, enhance practice performance, promote patient safety, and, where applicable, improve patient outcomes in the populations served by the health care providers we educate. Genesys Continuing Medical Education offers conferences, RSS, and joint provided courses throughout the year.
The Continuing Medical Educational Program at Ascension Genesys Hospital is responsible for the identification of the educational needs of our providers. It strives to provide high quality educational opportunities that are designed to advance physician's competence, enhance practice performance, promote patient safety and where possible, improve patient outcomes in the populations served by the healthcare providers we educate. Live courses, regularly scheduled sessions (RSS), and jointly provided activities will be designed based upon physician need as identified through chart audit, staff survey, literature review (general, specialty and sub-specialty), local and state health databases, as well as clinical research (allopathic and osteopathic).
Our program is approved by Michigan State Medical Society (MSMS) for AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) for Category 1A credit. The AOA and MSMS has awarded us with Accreditation with Commendation. Our programs are recognized as high-quality education that meets the needs of our physicians and surrounding community.
In addition, some of our programs seek additional accreditation from American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), Michigan Social Work Continuing Education Collaborative and Michigan Board of Nursing Home Administrators.


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On Saturday, Marica turned 4 years old. I find that hard to believe that it's already been 4 years since she was born. And at the same time it feels as if she's been my big girl forever.
In preparation, we made cupcakes twice — once for preschool and once for her party, as well as a cake. I had 2 little helpers — helping me lick the beaters!
In the morning we opened some presents, but I forgot to take pictures. By the evening when she opened more presents our camera's flash had given up the ghost!
And then in the afternoon we had a little party at the Brooklyn Children's Museum with a few friends. The weather this time of the year does not lend itself to doing anything outside, and our apartment is too small to have a crowd over, so the Children's Museum worked great.
We had to have a candle-less cake because of restrictions at the museum. We didn't really want to evacuate the place by setting off the fire alarm! We did have some candles on Marica's ice cream at dinner, though.
Esther really enjoyed the sandpit too!
Marica got some really neat presents from friends and family, and I tried taking pictures of those, but as I said, our camera's flash died and there isn't a whole lot of natural light in our place. Some of the presents included: a board game, a dolls' house that folds out of a book, lots of really neat books for reading and activities, duplo, clothes, bath crayons and paint, and we're expecting some DVDs in the mail. What a blessed little girl!
Nice, honey! Those photos of Esther in the kitchen sink are pretty cool.
What a great idea, putting Esther in the sink!
Sounds like a perfect way to celebrate 4. I like Marica with the broccoli-capped pink elephant.


text:
Tours to Hong Kong
April 1, 2022 topb2bwebsites Asia 0
"Pearl of the East" or "Asian New York" are some of the popular trivial names for Hong Kong. Hong Kong is one of the world's leading financial, banking and trading centers. This is an unusual immersion in a mixture of ancient civilizations and modernity, which, intertwined over many centuries, have merged into a single whole.
Ancient temples, azure water in picturesque coves and a tropical riot of flora, exotic animals and birds, an ever-changing kaleidoscope of holidays, the Avenue of Stars and Hong Kong Ocean Park, the famous avenue and night market, the clock tower and Sik Sik Yuen Wong Tai Sin Temple are all Hong Kong, a country that never sleeps and always takes care of its guests.
An additional advantage for tourists is the absence of visa formalities if the duration of the trip does not exceed 15 days.
Luxurious hotels and stylish restaurants will make your stay truly unique, cozy and original.
Population and religion in Hong Kong
In 2019, the population of all of Hong Kong was 7,404,207 people and the majority of residents (about 95% of the population) are Chinese. Due to the long exposure to English culture, Hong Kongers are not like ordinary Chinese. The locals speak Cantonese Chinese and English. The most common religions here are Buddhism and Christianity.
Currently, daily direct flights from airlines such as Aeroflot fly from Moscow to Hong Kong (just over 9 hours in flight), and there are also many connecting flights to Hong Kong via Beijing, Shanghai, Singapore, Bangkok and Dubai.
The 34-kilometer electrified Kowloon-Canton Railway connects Hong Kong with China (Canton region). All stations are signed and announced in two languages - Chinese and English. The station is located in the Hunghom area on the Kowloon Peninsula. The road passes through 12 stations in Kowloon and the New Territories. The carriages are air conditioned. Tickets are purchased at automatic ticket offices at railway stations. Trains leave every 4-10 minutes from early morning until midnight and are quite full during rush hour. Total travel time from zh.d. station in Hungkhom to the farthest station in the New Territories (Shengshui) for about half an hour. The Lo Wu terminus is located on the border with China, and only passengers with a Chinese visa are allowed to travel to it. Since 1997, there has also been a direct Hong Kong-Beijing train, and from Beijing you can go further to Russia and Europe.
Regular ferry service is clearly established between Hong Kong and Macau, as well as with some border cities in China.
Ferries to Macau (Maomen) Several fleets of fast boats serve the 40-mile (approx. 75 km) Macau-Hong Kong route. These are vessels of various types: jetfoils, turbo-cats, jumbo-cats, hover-ferries. There are more than 100 flights per day, and jetfoils class ships run around the clock. It is recommended to arrive at check-in at least 45 minutes before departure in order to resolve all customs formalities. In addition, those who arrived in advance can stand in the stand-by line and if they successfully pass all the formalities quickly, they will have the opportunity not to wait for their flight, but to leave on an earlier one. Ferries depart from Hong Kong from two terminals.
The main terminal – Shun Tak Center – is located in the Central District of Hong Kong Island. The terminal, among other things, is equipped with a heliport serving the Hong Kong-Macau line.
Another terminal – The China Ferry Terminal is located on the Harbor City waterfront in the Tsim Sha Tsui district of the Kowloon Peninsula. A stone's throw from the main and most popular hotels. Jumbocats and Hover-ferry class ships depart from here.
In Macau, Macau Maritime Terminal is located in Outer Harbour. And there is also a heliport where helicopters arriving from Hong Kong
Russian citizens visiting Hong Kong for tourism purposes or as a transit traveler for a period not exceeding 15 days do not require an entry visa.
Visa to Hong Kong
From July 1, 2009 Russian citizens do not need a visa to visit Hong Kong. The stay in Hong Kong is limited to 14 days, you can get permission for a longer stay only in Hong Kong.
For citizens of Ukraine and Kazakhstan, a visa-free regime is also provided for a period not exceeding 14 days.
Since February 13, 2018, a visa-free regime has been introduced for citizens of the Republic of Belarus.
Attention: If you enter Hong Kong from mainland China, while having a single-entry visa, you will not be able to drive back on it, since leaving for Hong Kong is considered to be leaving China. If you plan to travel from China to Hong Kong and back, apply for a two-entry visa in advance.
A modern metropolis with a rich history, where European and Asian cultures are harmoniously intertwined.
There are two centers in Hong Kong: the western part of Hong Kong Island and the northern part of the Kowloon Peninsula. So, choosing a hotel in these places, you can easily find any place, however, settling not in the center, you can also easily get where you need to go, because the public transport system and taxis operate very quickly.
Pay attention to the hotels of the Colone Peninsula, sometimes they are even more optimal in terms of location and value for money than hotels on Hong Kong Island itself.
When choosing a hotel, carefully look at the size of the room and where the windows go, because in inexpensive hotels or rooms they can go out into a backyard or rest against the wall of a neighboring skyscraper. If you want to have a gorgeous view from the window, then focus on hotels that provide Harbor View or Sea View rooms.
There are usually no problems finding a good hotel in Hong Kong, although during major exhibitions and events (April and October), difficulties sometimes occur. Hong Kong hotels offer accommodation to suit all tastes and budgets, from leading upscale hotels to modest hotels. In April and October, Hong Kong hosts world-class exhibitions and economic forums, therefore, in order to avoid annoying misunderstandings, it is better to book accommodation during these periods, long before the start of the trip.
Hong Kong is an integral part of China, so here you can find restaurants of all Chinese culinary schools and directions. However, Hong Kong restaurants use fish and other seafood much more than their counterparts on the mainland. Due to the long colonial period, most of the traditional local dishes have been adapted to the tastes of Europeans. In addition to Chinese restaurants, here you can find almost any cuisine of the world – an Italian pizzeria, a French restaurant, an English pub and even a Russian restaurant.
Exhibitions in Hong
Kong Hong Kong has established itself as one of the world's leading and most vibrant exhibition venues. The number and variety of exhibitions, fairs and conventions here continues to grow. Some of Hong Kong's exhibitions and fairs are the largest of their kind in the world. Hong Kong has two world-class exhibition centers: Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Center (HKCEC) in Wanchai and AsiaWorld Expo (AWE) in Lantau Island.
San Andres Archipelago and Providence, Colombia
Visa to Sweden


Kartik Aaryan in an exclusive interview with Bollywood Hungama's Faridoon Shahryar play an entertaining rapid fire and answer some interesting questions. They answer questions about #ShahRukhKhan, #SalmanKhan, #AkshayKumar, Madhuri Dixit etc. Don't Miss this fun conversation!


XS11.com Forums > Buy, Sell, Trade Forum > Non XS-XJ 1100 bikes and parts.
send me a pm or call my land line 250 495 344five, no calls after 8pm pacific. Nothing cosmetic, mainly mechanical and electrical. Engine complete, no title, no keys, frame was good, willing to ship the smaller parts, big stuff at shop door. Osoyoos,b.c.


Before Family Rule I was working in marketing as a Director within the Premium Beauty Industry. A role I had worked really hard for, was completely dedicated to and absolutely adored!
I had decided to make a wooden height chart as a gift to my husband shortly before our first was born. As he is in the military I wanted something that would mean we could take those memories with us no matter how many times we moved. I look at it now and it fills me with nostalgia… and makes me cringe! It was made using a sharpie pen and some stickers (now peeling off) and i've only recently allowed myself to 'upgrade' it to one of my new hand-painted designs because it was the start of our new beginnings. It received lots of lovely comments from friends and family when they visited so the seed was really planted then.
I've been very fortunate to have had the support of some wonderful women I admire and follow and who have wanted a Family Rule in their homes. With their influencer support my business awareness has been growing. I am obsessed with Instagram and also use Facebook. However, my customers are my biggest ambassadors and their word of mouth speaks volumes for my little brand.
Being a military spouse was the main catalyst for starting my own company. Working as I was, full time, for a huge corporation based in London was all well and good before children and while my husband was posted there too. When the children arrived and postings further afield were on the cards I made the decision to start looking for something that could really work flexibly for me and for our family. With so much changing and seemingly last minute within the military it can be difficult to plan as confidently as I would like. Not to mention childcare logistics. At least the only person I have to answer to now is myself and if I need to spend a day or two checking out nurseries or doing a recce of our new quarters I can do so guilt free!
Apart from getting my very first order, which felt so wonderful. I feel proud every time I get sent a picture of a Family Rule being enjoyed in its new home and the customer feedback and comments I receive fill me with a huge sense of joy and purpose. I also felt really proud when I actually paid myself for the first time… something I put off for longer than I should have to 'protect the business' but when I hired an accountant she set me straight.
I like to be able to create as well as connect with other people outside my day to day life. I have always been ambitious and wanted to continue to fulfil this side of me regardless of military circumstances. Family Rule allows me to do this as well as bring in a little income while raising our children. I fell very lucky to be doing what I do and able to be as flexible as possible during this phase of our life together.
Know your own strengths as well as your challenges. Go, go, go with areas you are confident in and seek help, build relationships, to get support areas you find challenging. There are some amazing groups out there on social media who are teaming with like minded people ready with ideas and support. You may feel like you are starting on your own but there is always a community ready to champion you and offer advice.
Things will always evolve. You don't have to have all the answers from the get go. Just start!


text:
This integrated question is taken from Test Two in the Official Guide to the TOEFL. I am not allowed to provide the lecture and reading here, but you I highly recommend that you get a copy of that book for yourself. It is excellent.
The reading and the lecture are both about the value of television appearances by university professors. The author of the reading argues that it is very worthwhile for academics to make such appearances. The lecturer casts doubt on the claims made in the article. He believes that these appearances are not particularly useful.
First of all, the author claims that television appearances help university professors broaden their audience, and also help them to be viewed as experts in their subjects by more people than ever before. The author believes that this can increase their importance as academic professionals. This point is challenged by the lecturer. He says that professors who go on television are viewed by their peers as entertainers rather than as true educators. The lecturer claims that being a celebrity could even affect their ability to get funding for their work.
Secondly, the author states that television appearances can be beneficial for the universities themselves. It is argued that the prestige of the university is increased when one of their faculty makes a high profile media appearance. The lecturer rebuts this argument. He suggests that universities can suffer because celebrity professors do not have much time for their research and students. He argues that rather than carrying out their duties, they spend a lot of time rehearsing, traveling and getting made-up for their appearances.
Finally, the author mentions that there is a net benefit to the public when a professor appears in the media. It is suggested that television is usually quite shallow and that professors can provide a very useful remedy to this problem. The lecturer, on the other hand, feels that television networks do not want to present meaningful content. He says that the abbreviated presentations that professors give on television are no more useful than what a regular reporter could deliver.


text:
Guardian Pushes Bizarre Conspiracy Theories About Iran-Israel Attacks
As you might have noticed, Israel is the victim of a – so far – pretty incompetent campaign to kill its diplomats. A bomb went off in Georgia, and in India – the latter an attempt to kill an Israeli embassy official on the way to pick up her kids from school.
Then, a couple of days ago a terrorist managed to blow his own legs off with a grenade in Thailand:
In the Bangkok attack, one bomb went off in the bombers' home. Another was thrown at a taxi that wouldn't take one of the men who left the house. The third blew off the man's leg when he tried to throw it at police and it either went off before he could throw it or it hit something and ricocheted back at him.
Two other men shared the rented house with him. One was arrested at Bangkok's international airport Tuesday but he has not yet been charged. A third man slipped past security at the airport and had fled to Malaysia, police said.
The auto-amputee appears to be an Iranian: Saeid Moradi. The other arrested man is reported to be Iranian, as well.
So, who does the Guardian get to comment on these attacks? Why, none other than SOAS lecturer (of course!) Arshin Adib-Moghaddam.
Mr Adib-Moghaddam is an Iranian and an expert on Iran. Well, I say an "expert". More of a "PR man", or a "stooge". Let's have a look at his articles for Comment is Free:
Iran is not about to collapse
22 Nov 2011: Arshin Adib-Moghaddam: The strength of the Islamic republic's economy and government are so understated in analyses that errors of policy could follow
Europe still vital in talks with Iran
13 Nov 2010: Arshin Adib-Moghaddam: The success of EU diplomacy in 2004 in suspending nuclear enrichment shows positive mediation produces tangible results
Martin Amis is wrong about Iran
28 Jul 2009: Arshin Adib-Moghaddam: The Iran that Martin Amis envisages is very different from the future-oriented one real Iranians are fighting for
Iran: this is not a revolution
23 Jun 2009: Arshin Adib-Moghaddam: The unrest in Iran is about deciding the future path of the Islamic Republic – not about overthrowing the system
Iran's quest for utopia
18 Feb 2009:Arshin Adib-Moghaddam: Thirty years after the Islamic revolution, Iran is still defined by its struggle for a free society, not a nuclear agenda
This is Mr Adib-Moghaddam's analysis:
For Iran it doesn't make sense to risk alienating India by launching an assassination attempt in the capital of the country. Similarly, Iran has good economic and political relations with Georgia and Thailand. Why would the leadership in Tehran risk a major crisis with these countries during this sensitive period when IAEA inspectors are moving in and out of Iran to investigate the country's nuclear programme?
The true answer is that at this stage no one knows for sure who is behind the attacks. There have been news reports that the security agencies in India are examining the similarities between the explosion in Delhi and the Jama Masjid shooting and blast in 2010 when similar methods were used. According to these reports, the culprits could be the so-called Indian Mujahideen, which is unrelated to Iran and which is opposed to India's relations with Israel. There are several other such groups that support the Palestinian cause and that have targeted India before.
This is pushed as serious analysis in the Guardian!
The conclusion, too, is laughable:
It is all the more imperative then that intellectual acumen and analytical sobriety prevail over the resurgent pro-war lobby.
So, basically, somebody is blowing people up Israeli diplomats. It is likely to be anybody but Iran. Oh, and the attacks are feeding the "pro-war lobby".
Not a single mention in the piece, by the way, of the fact that the arrested men are Iranian. Not even an attempt to pretend that they might be Indians inexplicably posing as Iranians, or something like that.
Pieces like this are such transparent pieces of Regime propaganda, that the Guardian should be ashamed of publishing them. But the Guardian has no shame.
In a similar vein, CIFWatch has uncovered an even more transparent conspiracy spinner: Geneive Abdo, the former Iran correspondent for the Guardian, current contributor to major American newspapers and Al-Jazeera, who is also a fellow at the Century Foundation.
This is her take:
(Journalist) ELEANOR HALL: Iran's leadership says it's sheer lies that it's behind the attacks and that the Israelis have planted the bombs themselves to discredit Iran?
GENEIVE ABDO: Well I think that's entirely possible. I mean, if you consider what the Israelis did for many years in Lebanon and other parts of the Middle East, that theory is not so farfetched.
ELEANOR HALL: So how dangerous do you think the situation is right now?
GENEIVE ABDO: Well, I think it's very dangerous. It's far more dangerous than probably any escalation tension that we've seen in 30 years. So, you know, you have the Israelis not willing to live with a nuclear Iran. You have the Iranians going forward with their nuclear program. And you have an American president trying to be re-elected with a Jewish lobby in the United States that's extremely powerful.
This "expert" on Iran is speaking at J Street's upcoming conference, in Washington, DC.
Thailand has named the three Iranians involved. Masoud Sedaghat Zadeh escaped to Malaysia but was arrested. Saeid "Legless" Morati, and Mohammad Hazaei have already been arrested. The Telegraph reports:
The men were specifically targeting Israel diplomats and planned to plant "sticky" bombs on their vehicles, the same method used in attack on an Israeli diplomat in New Delhi and a foiled plot in Tibilisi on Monday.
Police General Prewpan Dhamapong said Thai authorities "know for certain that [the intended target] was Israeli diplomats. The issue was about individuals and the targets were specific. This was something personal."
Thailand is to seek the extradition from Malaysia of an Iranian man who was part of the plot.
Still, as far as Comment is Free's pet Iranian asset is concerned, this just can't be Iran!
The Guardian: No Longer A Newspaper.
By Alan A
Far Left "Vigil" Convinces No One
When far-right Jew-haters agree with far-left Israel-haters
Labour's Conference Shame


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Изполицата е договор (и произтичаща форма на заетост), с който се отдава под наем земеделска земя, като наемателят (изполичарят) се задължава да дели реколтата (плодовете) с наемодателя.

Наемодателят поема задължението да предостави земята и семената, а изполичарят – да обработи земята, да я засее, да прибере реколтата. Изполичарят не може да преотдаде наетата земя. Договорът се прекратява в края на текущата земеделска година.

Възнаграждение на наети лица
Поземлено право
Трудово право
Земеделие


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Noname Antiques » Coca Cola Collectibles Value (Identification & Price Guides)
Coca Cola Collectibles Value (Identification & Price Guides)
Coca-Cola is one of the world's top ten most recognizable brands, sitting between number five and eight on different global lists.
But if you consider that all the companies above it are tech-based and were founded no earlier than the 1970s, Coca-Cola has been the world's single most recognized brand for the entire second half of the 20th century.
The iconic red and white logo—which has remained the same since it was first penned in 1887—has long come to symbolize the triumph of American capitalism and is synonymous with consumer culture.
For this reason, Coca-Cola memorabilia continues to be some of the most popular and prolific, with collections, auctions, clubs, and sales all still very active.
Today, we look at the beginnings of Coca-Cola and how it came to enjoy such ubiquitous notoriety, the history of Coca-Cola collectibles, their value, and where to buy and sell them.
A Brief History of Coca-Cola
Who collects Coca-Cola items?
What are some Coca-Cola collectible items?
How can you tell if a Coca-Cola collectible is valuable?
Where to buy and sell coca-cola collectibles?
How about a Coke?
The Coca-Cola Company was formally incorporated in Atlanta, Georgia, by Asa Candler in 1892.
However, fellow pharmacist Dr. John Pemberton first created the recipe for coke syrup in 1886 by mixing it with carbonated water.
Pemberton and his partner Frank Robertson were the engineers of Coca-Cola's first-ever marketing campaign, which consisted of nothing more than the scripted Coca-Cola logo and a few hand-painted placards tempting passersby to 'Drink Coca Cola.'
Unfortunately, Pemberton passed away two years later and was not around to see the astronomical success his soft drink would have once the company changed hands.
After buying the trademark recipe for Coke, Asa Griggs Chandler began a targeted, aggressive, and ongoing marketing campaign the likes of which American society had never seen before.
He began producing servings trays, toys, trading cards, coolers, calendars, posters, pins, pens, and myriad more trinkets and memorabilia items through promotional advertising campaigns. Their advertising was about more than just the product; the brand itself represented a lifestyle.
At the height of its popularity and prominence, Coca-Cola was symbolic of progress and good times, repeatedly underscored by the words' delicious' and 'refreshing.'
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The company wanted you to know who they were. They didn't want you to drink Coca-Cola because you were thirsty, but because you were on the same side as them.
This interplay between identity and psychology is nothing new in modern marketing. Still, it was unheard of at the time, paving the way for Coca-Cola's staunch popularity throughout the century.
Over the years, campaign after campaign has targeted every facet of American life—from the Super Bowl to female empowerment—producing thousands of limited edition items for which today's collectors would pay top dollar.
Additionally, changes to production facilities and other evolving factors have caused Coca-Cola to change its packaging, advertising, and products multiple times, creating even more memorabilia to collect.
Today, Chandler's marketing juggernaut put into motion is still alive and well, with Coca-Cola spending an estimated $4 billion annually on global advertising.
It's no wonder a company with a 135-year history of non-stop ads has created the largest market of memorabilia collectibles in the world, with some of the most ardent and passionate collectors out there.
Image Credit: hallsauction.com
Coca-Cola memorabilia didn't gain any traction until the mid-1970s when Texas collector Jim Cope published a paperback book entitled 'Soda Water Advertising' whose first edition is also a collector's item.
Two years later, the Illustrated Guide to the Collectibles of Coca-Cola and the first (of 12) edition of Allan Petretti's Coca-Cola Collectibles Price Guide officially turned the amateur interest into a serious hobby.
A group of collectors formed a fan club in 1975 and had grown to over 8,000 members by 1986 when they were officially allowed to use the trademark name Coca-Cola to identify their club.
Today, the Coca Cola Collectors Club has more than 40 local chapters all over the United States and Canada and in Europe, the middle east, and Asia.
According to the Guinness World Book of Records, Debbie Indict of North Carolina holds the record for the world's most extensive collection of Coca-Cola collectibles at a whopping 2028 items.
There are thousands of them.
Besides the ones mentioned earlier, less conventional Coke collectibles include soda fountains, vending machines, and delivery trucks!
Collectors generally consider items produced since the company's inception until the 1960s most valuable, though some will collect Coca-Cola memorabilia from all periods.
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Since much of the market for Coca-Cola collectibles is saturated—for example, there are over 200,000 Coca-Cola collectibles available on eBay alone, with an increasing number of reproductions—many collectors are in it for the love of collecting, not necessarily for value.
But don't let that fool you into thinking vintage Coca-Cola memorabilia doesn't garner fierce competition during a bidding war in an auction or online marketplace.
Some Coca-Cola items are highly sought-after and will bring in tens of thousands of dollars.
COCA COLA BOTTLES
Image Credit: thedieline.com
Coke bottles might be the first thing that comes to mind when thinking of Coca-Cola collectibles. Still, according to the company's website, "even the earliest of the contour bottles are not terribly valuable because the bottles were produced in the millions."
But that doesn't mean that none of the older bottles have value.
While any old Coke bottle may not be rare, a pre-1900s Hutchinson bottle in excellent condition can cost up to $2000.
Certain prototype bottles have sold at auction for exorbitant prices—like this Coca-Cola Root Glass Company Bottle— which sold for $214,000 in 2011.
You can even watch the final minutes of the dramatic auction, a record-breaking auction.
Other notable bottles sold at auction are the Unopened Coke Bottle ($29,900), Dallas Cowboys Coke Bottle ($5,000), Thailand ($3000), Seoul Olympics ($2500), and Chinese ($1500) Coke Bottles.
Image Credit: www.trampsprophire.com
Though not as simple as walking into a flea market and picking up a trinket, vintage Coca-Cola vending machines are also some of the most valuable collector's items.
The Vendo brand of machines from the 1950s bring in the highest value, but any of the company's soda machines—even in a state of disrepair—can still cost between one and ten thousand.
Consult this guide on antique Coke machine history and buying tips.
Image Credit: www.invaluable.com
Coca-Cola's decorative servings trays were a crucial part of their advertising campaigns and usually depicted a young person enjoying a bottle of Coke.
These trays were made of tin and thus easily reproduced; however, you can buy originals for about $75, with special editions like this Norman Rockwell tray selling at auction for $1610 in 2010.
HOLIDAY EDITIONS
Image Credit: www.ebay.com
From the mid-1930s onward, artist Haddon Sundbloom created a rendition of a jolly Santa Claus, which featured Coca-Cola's holiday line.
Some of Coca-Cola's most valuable holiday collectibles featured Sunbloom's artwork.
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Image Credit: www.galerie123.com
During the 1940s, Coca-Cola began using photographs for its calendars rather than pictures, with vintages in good condition still going for around $40.
OTHER NOTABLES
Amongst the plethora of items the company produced over the decades, other notable Coca Cola collectibles are:
Military-themed advertising during World World II,
Games and toys made in partnership with Milton-Bradley
Sheet music and vinyl records
To differentiate a genuine Coca-Cola item from the reproductions, consult the newest edition of the guide mentioned above and carefully inspect and match the company's markings on your item with those in the directory.
Any fading or scratches, rips, dents, or chips will also depreciate the value of any potential collectible item.
Below, we've broken down the different categories you can expect to find most Coca-Cola memorabilia, along with estimations of their value.
The days of driving thousands of miles to attend a convention or admire a particular collection are long behind us.
These days, many collectors—especially new ones—meet and chat on the internet and prefer to show off, browse, buy, and sell their collectibles through the various marketplaces for online antiques.
Whether you like it or not, the reality is that outside the very highest levels, most antique sales and purchases happen online.
You've probably heard of many of them, but here is a list of online stores, auction houses, and marketplaces where you can buy and sell Coca Cola collectibles:
Live Auctioneers
Ruby Lane
eBid
There is a pleasure that some derive from collecting memorabilia that not everyone will understand.
Certain parts of history and culture draw attention for different reasons. Still, we don't need to think hard about why Coca-Cola collectibles, spanning a century of American life, are still some of the most popular today.
Am I the only one who feels like having a Coke?
Have something to say? Please leave us a question or comment below.
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1 thought on "Coca Cola Collectibles Value (Identification & Price Guides)"
Johan Eagar
I have a 2 litre PET Stoney Gingerbeer bottle with a Coke label and filled with what appears to be Coca Cola


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Share this Story: Green facility coming to Thurlow
Green facility coming to Thurlow
Thurlow is set to become home to a new $18 million waste recycling complex.
Once fully operational, the facility will hire up to 25 people and have the capacity to process roughly 80,000 tonnes of raw material, like construction and yard waste at it's 40 acre Phillipston Road address. It is slated to get off the ground in the spring.
The facility will primarily churn out composting material, said Al Hamilton, CEO of Estoria Organic Matter Canada, one of two partners in the enterprise.
"It's funded by German investors who wanted to invest in green technology in Canada," Hamilton said.
He said the plant will have greater output to facilities of a similar size, as it makes use of Gore-UTV technology designed in Germany. Each of the 24 Gore installations cost about $100,000 a piece, Hamilton said.
Under the Gore-UTV process, which "mimics what mother nature does" over a longer time frame, waste which normally takes months to break down can be disintegrated within weeks.
"The Gore system can take food waste and make a compost out of it in eight weeks," he said.
Hamilton and his partner David Moore Environment also benefited from millions in German investment to get the start-up operation off the floor.
Finished products will cover most of the composting supplies used by farmers and landscaping companies.
Green facility coming to Thurlow Back to video