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/ The Best Web Hosting Providers of 2022
EasyCGI Review: Customizable Hosting for All
Are you an established small business owner looking for a hosting solution that's customizable? Read our review of EasyCGI to see if it's right for you.
EasyCGI is owned and operated by Newfold Digital, owners of iPage, a competing web hosting service. While EasyCGI is still an option to consider, we strongly suggest you consider iPage first. iPage offers the same hosting services as EasyCGI, but often with lower pricing and better usability.
Written by Brenda Barron
Many web hosts have a clear target in mind for business. Some are great for online shops, and others create a helpful environment for startups. Still, others provide high-end servers for growing businesses. But sometimes, you need something in the middle. A one-size-fits-all service for a pretty standard website.
A Hosting Provider for the Masses
EasyCGI gets it just right, with a service that caters to no one specific, yet suits almost everyone. It's not super simplified, but not code heavy, which is a difficult balance to strike. While it leans more towards independent customers, with its unmanaged servers and variety of coding language support, it's not overly difficult to use.
This certainly isn't a perfect service, or one with tons of variety, the starkest examples being a lack of cPanel, Windows-only shared hosting, and Linux-only unmanaged VPS. But beyond these complaints, it provides a service that ends up a great fit for a majority of small businesses.
Who Would Most Benefit?
Looking for E-Commerce Hosting?
Primarily For Smaller Businesses
Great But Not Perfect
Not For Startups
EasyCGI Control Panel
Lack of E-Commerce
Datacenter and Hardware
Any Linux OS Available
Cheap Add-ons
It Has a Price
Other Tools and Services
Marketing Support and More
Alternatives to EasyCGI
Aplus.net
Powerful Hosting for Many Websites
Frequently Asked Questions About EasyCGI
Browse Web Hosting Provider Reviews
What demographic is EasyCGI best for? Everyone from first-time website owners to expansive business veterans are looking for the best host, so it's important to know who this particular service suits.
E-commerce features and compatibility are never specifically mentioned on the plan pages.
You can probably import your own store software, but there are no guarantees of support listed. So if e-commerce is the main focus of your website, there might be better providers. All you get here is a promise of "e-commerce-ready" with no explanation of what makes it so in the plan descriptions.
However, if you're looking for Windows shared hosting specifically, and dislike it when hosts give the Linux version more attention, this is the place to go. For Windows VPS hosting, though, you'll need to look elsewhere. It offers only Linux.
Finally, this service seems most suited for small businesses that are already established. There's nothing in particular that makes it stand out as great for new users, and plenty of other hosts give more freebies (but less freedom).
There are a lot of advanced features, scripting and coding languages, and databases to make use of, and this may be overwhelming for people launching their first website and who have no programming experience. The price is also just decent — not cheap — but the server specs are powerful, and come with bandwidth restrictions. This is typical of mid-range shared hosting.
While some features would be great for customers who are beginning their first projects, such as the CM4all website builder and the cheap promotional price, some things are missing. A free domain and a one-click installer are some examples of features a host made for unseasoned users often has, which EasyCGI does not.
The company has a fair amount of details available about themselves in their 'About' section. Screenshot via Digital.com
In short, small-ish and decent-sized websites will fit in quite nicely here. But if you're newer, a service more tailored to inexperienced customers would be a better fit.
EasyCGI offers 7 different hosting plans.
Interestingly, EasyCGI's major hosting types come in two separate operating systems. Shared hosting is run on a Windows platform, and you can pick between Windows Server 2003 or 2008. There are three plans, though the differences between them are minimal, except for the usual scaling up of resources.
Advanced X: 3500 GB of data transfer per month, 350 GB of disk space
Advanced X2: 5000 GB of data transfer per month, 500 GB of disk space
Unlike many other shared hosts, this is a mid-range provider that perhaps doesn't cater to startups, which means that a lot of features are not unlimited. What's given is pretty generous, but you may find yourself ascending in plans just to get more of that precious bandwidth. The unlimited assets that are provided include:
Microsoft Access databases
Unfortunately, it runs with its own "EasyCGI Control Panel" so people accustomed to cPanel or even vDeck will have a learning curve here. But there's no setup fee at least, and it comes with a pretty hefty list of useful features. They include email hosting, a shared SSL certificate, WordPress and forum software, and a lot of advanced technical functions.
With that said, there is nothing that makes EasyCGI's control panel stand out. You get all the features you expect from a web hosting control panel, and the only difference is that things are configured and set up slightly differently.
The 10 most useful features of the EasyCGI control panel are:
Email hosting and management
SSL certificate management
Quick-installs for selected software
WordPress-friendly
FTP functionality
There might be a learning curve you have to overcome, especially if you are familiar with other options and have come to expect things to be in a certain area.
One thing that's missing is any mention of online shopping support. It claims to be e-commerce ready, but in the feature list, there's no mention of any specific shopping cart. However, this host seems to give a lot of technical freedom, so it may be as simple as picking up your favorite e-commerce platform. There just aren't any freebies or direct support.
The array of plans offered is fairly narrow, e-commerce features is definitely short. Screenshot via Digital.com
All shared hosting plans come with a 30-day money back guarantee, as well as a 99.9% uptime guarantee. You will also get free, same-day set up (with no setup fees).
Overall, the shared hosting will work out pretty decently for most small to medium-sized businesses. The fact that you can't use Linux operating systems, though, means you may want to look at the VPS solutions instead, or if that's out of budget, a different provider.
EasyCGI's managed VPS server plans are appealing. The quality range runs from decent to rivaling that of a low-end dedicated server, so hardware power isn't much of a problem. There are even a few features many other providers don't have. Unlimited websites, no setup fee, and a 30-day money back guarantee are all things that can often seem a bit rare to find on VPS hosts.
Here is a breakdown so you understand the performance and resource differences side-by-side:
Linux VPS X1 Linux VPS X2 Linux VPS X4 Linux VPS X10
Monthly Data Transfers 500GB 1000GB 2000GB 2000GB
Disk Space 20GB 30GB 50GB 100GB
Memory (RAM) 256MB 512MB 1GB 2GB
Burstable Memory 512MB 1GB 2GB 4GB
All of the above plans come with:
OpenVZ virtualization software
Choice of Linux Operating System
Firewall protection
Perl, PHP, and SSI support
Same day setup for free
EasyCGI uses 2 datacenters located in the Greater Boston area. Their network architecture uses a "pooled server environment" which means that the first machine available is the one that serves your web pages to a visitor. This facilitates faster loading of your site pages.
Except for the hardware itself, these plans are unmanaged and give the customer full administrator access, so it's up to you to get everything running. But you get that with:
Helpful 24/7 support
Unlimited email hosting
Plus, you can pick any Linux OS you'd like. It's not clear if there are limits to this. Even so, just the claim is interesting, considering most hosts lock you into a single OS or a choice between just a few.
In the VPS department, EasyCGI is flying high with 4 strong plans. Screenshot via Digital.com
It doesn't come cheap in any way, but even so, this is some pretty solid VPS hosting if you're looking for a slightly more self-reliant program. It's not stuffed with bundles of unnecessary features, but everything included is a great help, and there's little you'll want for (except maybe cPanel). We do not think there are any features that make EasyCGI's VPS hosting plans stand out, but that does not mean they are not a good option.
Rather, they are full-featured options that are comparable to its competitors, both in terms of resources offered and pricing.
At checkout, there are a few paid enhancements you may want to pick up, a majority of them under $2 a month. For a shared server, you can choose:
SSL certificate — necessary if you run an e-commerce site
Security plan to protect against malware
G Suite for larger businesses
Backup and restore tool
Email marketing add-ons
Social linking
Google admin panel
Google recommends that all websites –not just e-commerce sites– have an SSL certificate. In 2014 they announced they were adding a minor boost in their algorithm to favor sites with an SSL. Securing your site with an SSL is now widely accepted as a best-practice.
All of these are optional but some, like backup and security, are lucrative if you're willing to pay the extra little bit. And it comes cheaper than many other host's similar paid solutions.
VPS servers get only SSL, G Suite, and SEO tools. The two major add-ons are missing, which is a bit concerning, especially the lack of backup assistance. It looks like, if you purchase a VPS host with EasyCGI, that's entirely up to you.
Along with the add-ons mentioned above, there are a number of extra management services available for purchase. There's no price tag on most of them, so it can't really be said how expensive they are, but these features may be helpful for websites looking to get off the ground.
If the CM4all builder isn't to your taste, there's the "Website Builder" to try out instead. A free plan comes with all hosting, but there are two other plans to choose from if you're fond of it and want access to an e-commerce shopping cart, more pages, and some other features.
For smaller or even one-man teams, professional and marketing services could be a real help. You can get an online store set up, perform maintenance, create advertisements, and enhance an existing website across these two plans.
Finally, there are some assorted extras. A goMobi subscription to help build a responsive mobile website, SiteLock for protection from malware and WordPress optimization are all on the list. These cheap extras may be of interest to some, and they all seem fairly useful.
EasyCGI offers 24/7 technical support, so you can reach someone with your questions, comments, or concerns no matter what time of day it is. To do so, you can use any of the following options:
The EasyCGI Trouble Ticket System
In terms of self-help resources, there is a knowledgebase (though we think it could certainly do with an update, as well as more content) and software and control panel tutorials.
If EasyCGI does not seem to be the right fit for your business, here are some other companies you might consider.
Aplus.net is a small web hosting company focused on helping small businesses launch their websites. The company aims to be a one-stop shop for everything you would need, reducing the need to work with multiple vendors.
Aplus.net specializes in entry-level cloud hosting, but it also offers some VPS options. Its hosting plans are well priced and resource-rich. Hosting plan bonuses include a sitebuilder, marketing credits with Google Adwords, and email functionality.
HostGator offers web hosting services ranging from entry-level shared hosting plans to top-tier dedicated servers. The company also acts as a domain registrar and serves resellers.
HostGator prides itself on offering an easy-to-use product, being affordable, and providing top-notch customer service.
Network Solutions is a seller of a variety of internet-related services, including domain names, web hosting packages, security tools (such as SSL certificates), email hosting, digital marketing tools, e-commerce tools, and more.
Network Solutions offer a better all-rounder package of services. Screenshot via Digital.com
One feature of note in Network Solutions' gamut of offerings is its "We Build It For You" option, which is great for someone who wants to outsource all of the tasks related to getting a website up and running.
There are brand new startups and established businesses, but right in the middle there lies the majority of websites: simple, medium-sized ones looking for a new host to call home. This is exactly the kind of site suited for EasyCGI. Without too many freebies or guidance, and without large-scale dedicated servers, the average website will make its home quite comfortably here.
While it isn't too flashy, EasyCGI has a lot of power hidden under the surface. It does its job and it does it well, giving customers freedom without becoming too overwhelming. Every single feature is straightforward and easy to get the hang of.
Visit EasyCGI
It's a host designed to work for nearly everyone, without adhering too strongly to any niche. This may mean some features, especially e-commerce-related ones, are excluded. But it also means that, in a general sense, it outperforms. In this role — one of a host that strives to make everyone happy — it does so exceptionally.
To wrap up the review of a perfectly competitive host, let's cover a few basic facts about the process of being a client with them.
Where do I find my past invoices and receipts?
After logging into your EasyCGI control panel, select the sub-menu called 'Billing Central'. From there, you are able to toggle as to how far back you'd like to go to get your historical data, followed by download options in PDF, paper print or email.
Is there an affiliate program?
Yes indeed. The EasyCGI affiliate program is free to join and allows you to get going immediately. There is a generous variety of marketing material available and your first commision payment happens after 15-30 days of your first earning referee. Check out the official site for further information on commisions.
Log into your control panel. Find a section named 'Additional Tools' and click 'SSL'. Select the domain name which you'd like to assign your nearly-uploaded SSL certificate to and proceed. Before it completes, you must confirm the whole process via email.
Compare Popular Web Hosting Plans
Need a great web host? Want to save some time? This shortlist is your best place to begin:
Popular Host Choice for 2022
Digital.com Top Pick
Starting at $2.75/mo View Current Deal
Best Add-on Services
Best Reseller Hosting
Best Eco-Friendly Hosting


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Q: assign column entry to a planner bucket I am setting up this flow. When a SP new entry create a planner task.
The issue I have is that on the planner I have buckets set by location. The entry column on SP is site.
I need to send actions from site1 to bucket location1, site2 to bucket location2.
I have set the flow, but I am stuck on how to assign to a bucket.
Can anyone help?

A: Multiple conditions and actions required to achieve flow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Polaris is a abuse or exploitation organization based in Washington, DC that was founded in 2002. As of 2019 they had $5.5 million in revenue and $6.8 million in assets.
Polaris is a leader in the global fight to eradicate modern slavery. Named after the North Star that guided slaves to freedom in the U.S., Polaris systemically disrupts the human trafficking networks that rob human beings of their lives and their free...
Previous legal names or variations of their name include: Polaris Project.
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
polarisproject.org
facebook.com/polarisproject
@polaris_project
I70: Abuse and exploitation prevention organizations
Program areas at Polaris
National hotline: in 2017, Polaris Project continued to operate the national human trafficking hotline (nhth), with funding from the u.s. department of health and human services, office on trafficking in persons (otip). The national hotline improves the national response to protect victims of trafficking by connecting victims with a range of comprehensive services in the united states, and equips stakeholders with the most comprehensive tools and approaches necessary to enhance community networking, coordination, and response. In addition to operating the nhth, Polaris Project receives tips and communicates with victims through a texting service, and fields calls from outside the u.s.
Data analysis program (dap): collects and analyzes data from the Polaris operated national hotlines, partner organizations, and public sources to map the scope, size, and systems of modern slavery, while breaking down data silos and building data infrastructure for the field. Dap seeks to understand and illuminate the complex issue of human trafficking, and provide the anti-trafficking field with the best tools possible through comprehensive analytics, guiding Polaris' priorities and the field toward eradication.
Strategic initiatives (si): Polaris' extensive review of hotline, public source and partnership provided data has produced a detailed root cause analysis for more than 25 types of human trafficking, using this analysis, Polaris designs targeted intervention campaigns to significantly disrupt or eliminate the key factors allowing each type to exist. Current work includes disruption of trafficking in illicit massage business and exploratory work on the trafficking of women and girls via mexico and latin america.
Form 990s for Polaris
2018-12 Dec 16, 2019 990 View PDF
2017-12 Nov 15, 2018 990 View PDF
2014-12 Jan 7, 2016 990 View PDF
Financials for Polaris
Fundraising event contributions $0 $0
Government grants (contributions) $1,749,402 $2,081,043 -15.9%
Normal grants, contributions, etc. $3,724,737 $10,368,648 -64.1%
Non-cash contributions included in above $26,857 50.9%
Program services $65,170 $12,600 417.2%
Net gain from sale of non-inventory assets $0 $-15,947 -100%
Net income from fundraising events $0 $0
Net income from sales of inventory $0 $0
Miscellaneous revenues $0 $-1,249 -100%
Grants to govts. and orgs. in USA $0 $0
Grants to individuals in USA $0 $4,469 -100%
Grants to govts., orgs., and individuals outside USA $100,000 $100,000
Compensation of current officers, etc. $797,375 $423,563 88.3%
Non-officer salaries and wages $4,433,330 $4,233,879 4.7%
Pension/retirement accruals and contributions $132,038 $105,135 25.6%
Other employee benefits $1,211,318 $991,627 22.2%
Management fees $0 $0
Legal fees $0 $0
Accounting fees $143,384 $122,399 17.1%
Other fee-for-service $1,586,235 $1,308,285 21.2%
Advertising and promotion $0 $23,920 -100%
Office expenses $27,800 $193,332 -85.6%
Information tech. expenses $255,805 $122,227 109.3%
Travel $259,910 $203,315 27.8%
Depreciation, amortization, etc. $144,757 $120,701 19.9%
All other expenses $299,448 $205,883 45.4%
Total expenses $10,529,290 $9,216,315 14.2%
Savings, short-term investments, etc. $1,295,675 $2,784,591 -53.5%
Prepaid expenses and deferred charges $103,032 $146,696 -29.8%
Buildings, equipment, etc. post-depreciation $671,256 $639,019 5.0%
Other assets $45,239 $95,477 -52.6%
Total assets $6,854,045 $11,871,199 -42.3%
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $697,636 $640,044 9.0%
Grants payable $0
Deferred revenue $0 $10,000 -100%
Other liabilities $853,897 $968,663 -11.8%
Total liabilities $1,551,533 $1,618,707 -4.1%
Vendors for Polaris
Engaging Networks Fundraising software; Advocacy software 2020-06-23
███████ ███ ███████ ███ Tax accounting; Audit accounting 2019-12-16
██████ █████████ ███ ████████ Tax accounting 2018-10-31
██████████ CRM software 2018-09-28
Personnel at Polaris
Bradley Myles Chief Executive Officer $169,058 July 17, 2019
Nancy McGuire Choi Interim Chief Executive Officer / Choi | Chief Operating Officer - May 20, 2020
█████ ████████ Chief Communications Officer - May 20, 2020
█████ █████ Chief Development Officer - May 20, 2020
████████ █████████ Chief People Officer - May 20, 2020
█████████ ████ Chief Program Officer / Chief Prog Officer - May 20, 2020
███████ ██████ Director of Finance - Oct. 3, 2019
███████ ████████ Director of Media Relations - July 17, 2019
██████ █████ ██████ Director of Strategic Initiatives - July 17, 2019
████ █████ Program Director - July 17, 2019
...and six more key personnel
Peer abuse and exploitation prevention organizations
1 Vermont Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence 501(c)(3) $2.2 million Montpelier, VT
2 Together for Girls 501(c)(3) $1.5 million Washington, DC
3 Jewish Women International 501(c)(3) $2.4 million Washington, DC
4 Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence 501(c)(3) $7.7 million Washington, DC
5 Legal Momentum 501(c)(3) $1.8 million New York, NY
6 Iowa Coalition Against Sexual Assault 501(c)(3) $3.5 million Des Moines, IA
7 Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation (CAASE) 501(c)(3) $1.4 million Chicago, IL
8 National Indigenous Womens Resource Center 501(c)(3) $3.2 million Lame Deer, MT
9 Minnesota Coalition Against Sexual Assault (MNCASA) 501(c)(3) $2.2 million St Paul, MN
10 Just Detention International (JDI) 501(c)(3) $4.0 million Los Angeles, CA
11 North Carolina Coalition Against Sexual Assault 501(c)(3) $2.1 million Raleigh, NC
12 Joyful Heart Foundation (JHF) 501(c)(3) $3.8 million New York, NY
13 Asian Pacific Institute on Gender-Based Violence 501(c)(3) $1.4 million Oakland, CA
14 Indiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence (ICADV) 501(c)(3) $1.7 million Indianapolis, IN
15 Tennessee Coalition To End Domestic and 501(c)(3) $2.0 million Nashville, TN
16 Wyoming Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault 501(c)(3) $2.3 million Laramie, WY
17 National Network to End Domestic Violence 501(c)(3) $6.3 million Washington, DC
18 Survivors and Advocates for Empowerment 501(c)(3) $2.5 million Washington, DC
19 Free the Slaves 501(c)(3) $2.7 million Washington, DC
20 Men Can Stop Rape (MCSR) 501(c)(3) $1.9 million Washington, DC
21 The One Love Foundation Honor of Yeardley Love 501(c)(3) $4.8 million Bronxville, NY
22 The North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence 501(c)(3) $3.2 million Durham, NC
23 California Partnership To End Domestic Violence 501(c)(3) $2.3 million Sacramento, CA
24 American Sexual Health Association (ASHA) 501(c)(3) $1.9 million Research Triangle Park, NC
25 Michigan Coalition To End Domestic and Sexual Violence 501(c)(3) $3.7 million Okemos, MI
Abuse and exploitation organizations in Washington DC metro area
Abuse and exploitation organizations in District of Columbia
All abuse and exploitation prevention organizations
All Washington DC metro area nonprofits
All nonprofits in District of Columbia
Create free account to learn more about Polaris.
For example, our data and tools help companies prospect for abuse and exploitation prevention organizations, qualify inbound opportunities like Polaris, benchmark clients to other abuse and exploitation organizations, and enrich existing CRM information.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Earlier this week Osoyoos-Oliver winery team LaStella and Le Vieux Pin invited guests to their Vancouver offices for samples of the new and upcoming spring releases. The focus was on the white wines and Rosés produced by each winery, as well as a comparative tasting featuring Le Vieux Pin's Syrah, a new initiative now in its second year of production. Also helping to grease the wheels of critics palates were samples of LaStella's stunningly delicious imported Sicilian olive oil, produced in partnership with Casa Gusta Organic Fine Food.
LaStella's new releases include the 2011 vintages of "Leggiero" Unoaked Chardonnay, "Vivace" Pinot Grigio, and "LaStellina" Rosé. The Leggiero is a treat each year, and for 2011 shows plenty of apple flavours on the palate along with a very long, crisp finish. In years past unoaked Chardonnay from BC was certainly in the minority, but it seems that more wineries are discovering the consumer-friendly appeal, particularly when properly made in a way that lets the grapes shine. The Vivace continues the appealing light fruit flavours and shirking of oak with more mixed fruit, tropical characteristics, and a rich citrus finish. The LaStellina (Merlot) Rosé has been another favourite of mine in years past, and the 2011 vintage shows off a relatively consistent aromatic nose, with notes of grapefruit, along with a soft, juicy palate, slightly off-dry in finish. Also newly available from LaStella is the 2009 Fortissimo, the winery's Super Tuscan blend, incorporating Sangiovese alongside typical Bordeaux grapes. The hot 2009 vintage has yielded a very pleasantly ripe, dark wine with youthful tannins and an overall savoury approach. With lots of layers it will make an ideal partner for plenty of rich, flavourful foods.
Across the room, on the Le Vieux Pin side of things, winemaker Severine Pinte was showing of new releases such as the 2011 Sauvignon Blanc, the gorgeous 2011 "Vaïla" Rosé, and the equally sublime 2010 "Ava" Viognier blend, plus the aforementioned Syrah. Le Vieux Pin's 2010 Sauvignon Blanc was incredibly intense and flavourful: the 2011 version can't hope to top it, but does an admirable job of carrying lots of rich grapefruit aromas and flavours. The beautifully-coloured Rosé comes from Pinot Noir grapes and has a very complex nose with lots of "wow" factor. The winery describes aromas of rhubarb and pink grapefruit, that follow through to a well balanced palate with hints of earthy Pinot Noir. While referred to as "bone dry", and likely a great food pairing, it doesn't taste austere in the slightest, and would still be quite suitable for solo sipping – the mark of a very well-made Rosé.
Le Vieux Pin's 2010 "Ava" blend of Viognier, Marsanne, and Roussanne was sampled at last month's BCWAS event, where it received rave reviews from those in attendance. The complexity and purity of the precisely calibrated blend (with only a delicate 1.5% Roussanne) is obvious, and with only about 250 cases produced it will sell briskly to those in the know. The $35 price tag may dissuade impulse buyers, but if anything that leaves more for the winery's many loyal customers who purchase direct in greater volumes each year.
Fortunately the 2009 Syrah has been produced in greater quantities than ever, although 950 cases may not necessarily foretell a glut of this delicious wine, which is already seeing substantial overseas interest from top European restaurants. The new Syrah was another hit at the BCWAS tasting, and showed just as well this week, easily holding up to – and often surpassing – several other international Syrahs being poured for guests at the tasting. The other wines being poured covered the spread from leathery and meaty to sweet fruit bombs; and although it wasn't a blind tasting, I still felt like the Le Vieux Pin bottles stood out for me, along with a particularly smooth and luscious Jackson-Triggs 2006 Sunrock Shiraz. One wine the "regular" Syrah couldn't quite surpass was the 2009 Le Vieux Pin Equinoxe Syrah, but that's hardly a black mark when it's still in the family. Now if only we couldn't all have families this agreeable!
Labels: LaStella, Le Vieux Pin


The pain of arthritis is very vicious, and the worst thing is that there is no treatment to get rid of knee pain & arthritis permanently. However, regular practice of some yoga for knee pain & arthritis is very useful. Regular practice of these yoga poses can help the patient to get rid of knee pain and arthritis easily.
People often suffer from knee pain due to arthritis so yoga poses for arthritis is also effective in knee pain.
4 How Yoga For Knee Pain & Arthritis Works?
Arthritis is also called rheumatoid arthritis, is a type of joint pain. It can affect one or more pairs. Symptoms of arthritis usually develop over time, but they can also appear suddenly.
Rheumatoid arthritis is seen in arthritis over 65 years of age, although it can also develop in children, teenagers, and youth.
Arthritis is more common in women than men, especially among those who are overweight.
How can it be ascertained (based on the symptoms) that what kind of arthritis is affecting us? So let's know in details about the symptoms of arthritis to get a clear idea about the type.
Pain in the joints, tightness, and swelling are among the most prominent symptoms of arthritis, as well as during rheumatoid arthritis, the affected part can get red. This can reduce your walking speed too. In some people, the symptoms of arthritis are more effective in the morning.
You may also have anemia, which reduces the amount of blood in your body, as well as sometimes a rash of arthritis, can cause the fever to the patient.
You can experience pain in the knee, hip, shoulder, arms or in the whole body. You may be tired of rheumatoid arthritis or you may feel a lack of hunger due to slowing down the activity of the immune system.
In arthritis, gum is formed in the hands and feet and due to delay in treatment, it can take a serious form, which makes combing hair, climbing staircases, etc. It also becomes difficult.
If severe rheumatoid arthritis is not treated at right time, it can cause joints to spoil.
However, it requires a medical consultation to confirm, as it has seen a wide variety of diversity.
How Yoga For Knee Pain & Arthritis Works?
Fortunately, changes in lifestyle, especially adopting yoga can help improve osteoarthritis and other types of arthritis or arthritis symptoms. Here yoga is benevolent on your joint, but always consult your doctor before starting any new exercise regimen.
It is better to do this or other asanas in the direction of a yoga guru because he can make changes in these incidents according to your physical capacity.
Consult yoga expert to get instruction as per your physical condition.
Here are some of the easy yet effective yoga for knee pain & arthritis. Regular practice of these yoga poses help you to get rid of the knee pain and arthritis quickly. These yoga poses provide relief to knee pain and arthritis.
Parsvottanasana is good for your hips, shoulders, wrists, and muscles. If you have trouble in any of these parts, then definitely do this asana. Regular practice of this asana helps you to get rid of Knee pain & arthritis.
Ardha Matsyendrasana is good for the spinal cord, hips, and knees joint. If you have trouble in any of these parts, practice it. Let's start Ardha Matsyendrasana yoga for knee pain & arthritis.
Virabhadrasana asana is beneficial for chest, ankles, and shoulders. If you have difficulties in the legs or shoulders, then practice it.
Keep in mind that you should not turn the legs too high (especially if there is pain in the knees) and you can increase the duration or turn more legs with time.


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Segni d'amore è un album antologico di Ivan Graziani pubblicato nel 1989. Nello stesso anno, Graziani portò in scena l'omonimo recital nei teatri di varie città italiane.

Tracce

Note

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


There is no question that following Christ is a costly choice. It may mean broken relationships, loss of opportunity, or, for many Christians around the world, marginalization and hostile persecution. Many of these Christians live in places like Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, and many of them share our own Anglican faith and practice. Part of our mission as Christians is to be in prayer for our brothers and sisters around the globe who are suffering for the sake of the Gospel. Below are some valuable resources that can help you keep up to date about the reality of being a Christian in some of the most hostile locations in the world.
The World Watch List is a ranking of 50 countries where persecution of Christians for religious reasons is worst. First of all, the list covers persecution of Christians of all denominations in the entire country. The focus is on persecution for their faith, not persecution for political, economic, social, ethnic or accidental reasons.
Operation World is widely regarded as the definitive volume of prayer information about the world. First published in 1964 and now in its seventh edition, OW is the recipient of the ECPA Gold Medallion Award for Excellence in Evangelical Christian Literature and was listed in Christianity Today's Top 50 Books That Have Shaped Evangelicals.
World Watch Monitor reports the story of Christians around the world under pressure for their faith. World Watch Monitor is particularly concerned with reporting on the underlying causes of persecution. We aim to connect the dots to reveal the forces behind acts of violence and injustice.
Voice of the Martyrs is a non-profit, inter-denominational Christian organization dedicated to assisting the persecuted church worldwide. VOM serves the persecuted church through practical and spiritual assistance while leading Christians in the free world into fellowship with them.


Frontier assisted the Logan City Engineering Division with the Section 404 wetlands permitting for three road improvement projects located in Logan, Cache County, Utah. Projects include: Extension of 1800 North connecting 600 West and 1000 West, Realignment of the 1200 South and US 89/91 Highway Intersection, Extension of 800 West connecting 600 North and 800 North. Each project requires the delineation of jurisdictional wetlands and waters of the U.S., alternatives analysis to avoid and minimize wetland impacts, T&E species and cultural resources assessments, and mitigation design to off-set unavoidable wetland impacts.
Frontier completed a wetlands and waters of the U.S. delineation for an approximately 640-acre project area located near the city of Wells in Elko County, Nevada. The project area is situated on privately owned land that is being evaluated for the development of a railroad trans-loading facility for crude oil and oilfield equipment and materials. The delineation included jurisdictional assessments for isolated, non-jurisdictional waters in accordance with current EPA and Corps of Engineers guidelines.
Frontier completed a wetland/stream channel delineation and jurisdictional assessment for an approximately 101.5 mile stretch of the Nevada Northern Railroad located in Elko and White Pine Counties, Nevada. The study corridor is located in the closed basins of the Goshute and Steptoe Valleys, and required special coordination with the Corps of Engineers to determine Clean Water Act jurisdiction regarding isolation to navigable waters and nexus to interstate commerce. The railroad was originally built in 1908 and was evaluated for upgrades needed to accommodate present-day freight train requirements.


play.darkskies.pw - This server is a chill factions server, just opened, fresh and new. We have crates, KoTHs, bounties, jobs, a casino where you can gamble your heart away, and much more! We're new so please keep that in mind, this server is in BETA. It's a fun server where there aren't a great amount of rules, just have common sense really! We have amazing perks for higher ranks and do drop parties, rank giveaways and crate key alls quite often! play.darkskies.pw - We are accepting staff applications. Join up and apply! New factions server with Jobs, Crates, SilkSpawners, GenBuckets, Amazing perks, A casino to gamble everything you own, KoTHs and much more! We offer a lot and have just started out, we're looking to build a nice community. So far it has been a chill factions server, which is what I like to have. We have crate key, rank, and item giveaways often so join up and get in on the fun! We are also accepting staff applications at this time. Come join up! Hope to see you all online! Come check us out at play.darkskies.pw! Hope to see you guys.


text:
You are here: Home » China Watch » Britain criticizes China's manhandling of diplomats, reporters during rights lawyer's Beijing trial
Britain criticizes China's manhandling of diplomats, reporters during rights lawyer's Beijing trial
December 21, 2015 11:21 pm0 commentsViews: 45
The BBC's John Sudworth manhandled outside Pu Zhiqiang trial. (Photo courtesy: BBC)
(TibetanReview.net, Dec20, 2015) – Only days after its embassy in Beijing praised China for its efforts to improve the political and civil rights of its people on the world Human Rights Day, Great Britain has rebuked Beijing, albeit belatedly, slamming its "completely unacceptable" treatment of foreign journalists and diplomats who were manhandled by police and undercover agents outside a free speech trial in the capital, reported theguardian.com Dec 17.
Britain was referring to the fact that on Dec 14, Chinese security forces – including many wearing facemasks, apparently to conceal their identities – physically drove reporters, diplomats and protesters from outside a courthouse in Beijing where civil rights lawyer Pu Zhiqiang was being tried for his online postings.
The report noted that during the crackdown, one correspondent was thrown to the ground while others were shoved, pushed and punched by the agents. Female journalists reported suffering vicious verbal abuse from the agents. A senior US diplomat was also bundled over by police as he tried to read a statement.
The report said the issue was raised by Hugo Swire, the Foreign Office minister, during a meeting in London on Dec 16 with Chen Fengxiang, a senior Chinese official. Swire reportedly told Chen such behaviour was "not acceptable".
"We are extremely concerned by events surrounding the trial of Pu Zhiqiang on Monday (Dec 14). The physical mistreatment of British diplomats and journalists at the hands of Chinese security services was completely unacceptable," the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) was quoted as saying after that meeting.
The FCO has also condemned Chinese authorities for having refused to allow diplomats and reporters entry to the supposedly "open trial" of Pu, who faced eight years in prison for posting seven sarcastic tweets.
"The fact that they were refused access [to the trial] raises serious questions about due process and judicial transparency," the statement said.
An FCO spokesperson was cited as saying he incident was also being raised "at all levels" by British diplomats in China.
Referring to the British statement, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei has said foreign governments had no right to "interfere with China's judicial sovereignty".
He was further quoted as having told a daily news briefing, "The relevant personnel outside the courthouse should have obeyed the relevant requirements of China's public security organs." He has not explained what those requirements were.
China bulldozes critics to try prominent rights lawyer
Britain chided for allowing China to dictate its policy on World Human Rights Day
Miffed by criticism, China cancels rights dialogue with Britain
Another global rights body criticizes China's 2014 rights record
Ban on foreign reporters remain


The Pratt family business, Visy, which has created the wealth which, literally, created the foundation for the Pratt Foundation, began as a shop-front box manufacturer in suburban Melbourne in 1948. After Richard Pratt succeeded his father, Leon Pratt, in 1969, he built an international company which now employs over 9,000, managed by his son, Anthony. Thus into the third generation, Visy remains a family business, privately owned, and with a strong family culture, reflected in its way of doing business and philanthropy.
And at the personal level, Richard and Jeanne Pratt's immediate family of three children - Anthony, Heloise, and Fiona -- has expanded over the past two decades to include nine grandchildren.
The late Richard Pratt was a prominent Australian businessman, philanthropist, and public figure. Chairman of the privately owned packaging company Visy, president of the Carlton Football Club, Richard together with his wife, Jeanne, established the Pratt Foundation in 1978.
In 1978, Jeanne, together with her husband Richard Pratt, established Pratt Philanthropies with a vision to support important causes in Australia and around the world. Pratt Philanthropies donates more than $10 million annually and is one of the largest sources of philanthropy in Australia. Jeanne has made her mark as an incredibly passionate businesswoman, philanthropist and leading supporter of the arts.
Anthony Pratt, son of Richard and Jeanne Pratt, is Visy's Executive Chairman. Anthony has spearheaded the family's business expansion into the United States, where he built Pratt Industries over the past two decades. Anthony's comittment to environmental sustainability and clean energy, has received recognition from the Clinton Global Initiative, Mikhail Gorbachev's Global Green USA, and Ted Turner's Captain Planet Foundation. He is also a seed funder and member of the Climate Group, a leading international environmental group founded by former British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Anthony and his wife Claudine Revere have two children.
Since assuming the role of Pratt Foundation Chair in 1995, Heloise Pratt, Richard and Jeanne Pratt's daughter, has led Pratt Philanthropies to a new generation of philanthropy and social investment. In particular, Heloise has been a pioneer in the funding of mental health, where her initiatives have included the Pratt Foundation's seed funding of major projects at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, the Schizophrenia Research Institute, and the Centre for Women's Mental Health at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. Heloise has three children.
Fiona Geminder, daughter of Richard and Jeanne Pratt, is a director of Visy and is also actively involved in the PACT group of companies with her husband Raphael Geminder. A Monash University Law graduate, she has championed significant financial support for the Monash-Oakleigh Legal Service through the Pratt Foundation. Fiona and Raphael have four children.


text:
package com.thoughtworks.go.server.presentation.models;

import com.thoughtworks.go.config.Tabs;
import com.thoughtworks.go.config.TrackingTool;
import com.thoughtworks.go.domain.*;
import com.thoughtworks.go.helper.StageMother;
import com.thoughtworks.go.server.service.ArtifactsService;
import com.thoughtworks.go.util.TestFileUtil;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

public class JobDetailPresentationModelJMockTest {
    private JobInstance stubJobInstance;
    private JobDetailPresentationModel jobDetailPresenter;
    private File testFolder;
    private ArtifactsService artifactService;
    private JobIdentifier jobIdentifier;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        stubJobInstance = mock(JobInstance.class);
        artifactService = mock(ArtifactsService.class);
        jobIdentifier = new JobIdentifier("pipeline", -1, "1", "stageName", "0", "build", 1L);
        when(stubJobInstance.getName()).thenReturn("build");
        when(stubJobInstance.getId()).thenReturn(1L);
        when(stubJobInstance.getIdentifier()).thenReturn(jobIdentifier);
        Stage stage = StageMother.custom("stageName", stubJobInstance);
        Pipeline pipeline = new Pipeline("pipeline", null, stage);
        pipeline.setId(1L);

        TrackingTool trackingTool = new TrackingTool();
        jobDetailPresenter = new JobDetailPresentationModel(stubJobInstance,
                null, null, pipeline, new Tabs(), trackingTool, artifactService, null);

        testFolder = TestFileUtil.createTempFolder("testFiles");
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        FileUtils.deleteQuietly(testFolder);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldReturnBuildMessageFromPipeline() throws Exception {
        String message = jobDetailPresenter.getBuildCauseMessage();
        assertThat(message, is("Unknown"));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ask The Readers: Best Financial Advice?
We asked about the worst financial advice recently and got some great (or not) answers. The next question to ask is about the best financial advice. So obvious, I know. But I'm tired and when I'm sleep deprived, my creativity suffers. Before we get to that, we must get to the worst financial advice. Brace yourselves.
Another example of a bad idea.
There is a lot of bad advice out there. Lots.
Penny stocks are great ways to make money.
I was told during my mid-twenties to not save for retirement until my 40's because I'd be making more money by then and would be able to save more.
When I got my first full-time job and moved out on my own around the 2004/2005 time frame, I told my mom how excited I was that my company did a full 401k match up to 10%. I told her that I signed up to make the 10% contributions in order to get the full match.
When a 2 year old car with 30,000 miles on it costs only 10% less than new, why buy used? I grew up believing in used. My last 2 cars were used. But when we went to replace my wife's truck with a vehicle that could carry the kids, we found that the price differential between new and used was much much less than it used to be. When a 2 year old car with 30,000 miles on it costs only 10% less than new, why buy used? I grew up believing in used. My last 2 cars were used. But when we went to replace my wife's truck with a vehicle that could carry the kids, we found that the price differential between new and used was much much less than it used to be.
So, let's say your $15,000 with 30,000 miles will last to 300,000 miles as you claim below (a claim I find rather to difficult to believe as I am putting on average $200/month maintaining/repairing my 2004 Honda Accord now that has 170,000 miles on it so it making 300K seems unlikely. Even if it only requires 200/month, the time lost on repairs has some value as well) That is depreciation of 5.5 cents/mile. That does work to 30,000 miles being worth $1650 so technically worth it.
Beth, JustADoc, Ed69 and Candi defy traditional advice and my own experiences. In particular, JustADoc's $200/month for maintenance and repairs on a 2004 Accord seems high.
One of my favorite cars happened to be a 90s era old Honda Accord I bought with 130,000 miles on the clock for $2,400. Over the next 100,000 miles, besides regular maintenance, I installed new brakes, an exhaust system, a new radiator and a couple sets of tires. All of that was less than $2,000 (I did do some of the work myself). At 230,000 miles, we no longer needed the car and sold it for $1,900.
Our current car with the most mileage is a 2003 Honda Element with 180,000 miles on the odometer. Besides regular maintenance, we've spent about $1,000 on repairs (a rear caliper seized up and we recently had to replace the exhaust manifold). That's it. It's been incredibly reliable.
We also have a Mazda 5 with 140,000 miles on it. It's had nothing go wrong. We just do the maintenance that the guide tells us to do and it keeps going.
I do think Beth, Ed69 and Candi have a point in that the differences diminish the longer you keep the car. We did buy our Honda Element new and even though it's 15 years old, we can see keeping it for another decade or even longer.
I haven't shopped for a car in a long time, so perhaps my perspective is dated. Perhaps folks have figured out that used cars aren't a bad deal and the arbitrage advantage is now a thing of the past.
If I had to buy a car now, I'd still try to buy used. I'd look for one with under 100,000 miles that had a well-documented maintenance record. I'd also buy an electric car (probably a Nissan Leaf), but that is a story for another day.
Yet another bad decision. It tasted soooo good though. Stupid lizard brain.
Let's be more positive. I'll tell you my two best pieces of advice before I turn it over to you.
She'd say it with fire and brimstone. It was kinda terrifying.
When I was in college, I had a girlfriend who was majoring in business. Her accounting professor told her that she should attend a weekend investing seminar. I thought that it was a scam, so was hesitant to go. However, it turned into one of the most valuable weekends of my life. It was run by a non-profit group and the sole purpose was to educate attendees on the basics of investing.
Your advantage is your youth. Start saving as soon as you can.
I did just that when I got my first job a couple years later and hey look, $2,100,000 net worth! Thanks investment seminar dude wherever you are!
Did you receive any advice that changed your life?
Did any relatives or friends have a profound influence?
As cliche as it is, my Grandmother used to repeat "a penny saved is a penny earned" to me and my brother. It worked on me. Sometimes the classics are still the best.
Having great role models is HUGE!!!!
– My paternal grandfather worked as an electrical engineer for most of his life. Prior to that, he served in the US Army Signal Corps in Europe during WWII. He passed away from Alzheimer's when I was about 10. I don't remember much about him except visiting the nursing home. I've learned about him through stories from my dad and grandmother.
– When my grandmother passed away about 10 years ago, she lived comfortably on my grandparents' savings, pension, and dividend income. That stock, and a number of other holdings, provided stable, predictable income during her retirement and after my grandfather passed.
The children of the Great Depression would probably all be modern day FIRE folks. It seems like we lost our way somewhere in between.
This is a little backwards compared to lots of FI advice… but for me it was when my now-wife said "I think we should buy a house." It was 2009; we'd just watched house prices skyrocket, then plummet. Our combined salaries didn't come near six figures. We live in the DC area. I thought she was nuts, but she was steadily plugging away with her savings account while I was instead socking money into a 401(k).
Well, a year later we put 10% down at pretty much the bottom of the trough in what turned out to be an amazing neighborhood. Neither of us had ever lived anywhere with such a sense of community and it is FANTASTIC. It's actually inspired us to work harder toward FI, because we want to spend more time with our neighbors and volunteering locally.
Maybe the "anti-house" movement has gone too far? Whenever I see posts on the topic, they make assumptions like as $250/month HOA and annual maintenance of $5,000. I don't live in a place with an HOA and I've found that my annual maintenance is nowhere near $5,000. Regarding the latter, some of it is because I do the work myself. I do think you can make home ownership work for you if you're thoughtful about it.
Your grandma sounds terrifying in the best way possible lol. Also, your lizard brain has excellent taste! What is that – a fried chicken biscuit? Mmmm.
I've learned a lot of great things about saving money and investing in low fee options (looking at you JL Collins), but in terms of great early advice- it was probably my parents encouraging me to focus hard on studying and, in college, choosing a major that would present me with options. Getting a business degree was a huge stepping stone to a high income which now makes all of the saving and investing much easier.
I heard Mrs. 1500 talking on her podcast about regretting her fashion design degree and I think this sort of thing happens to tons of people. It's great to study something you're passionate about, but it pays to plan ahead and find a field that's going to pay back the tuition many times over.
Yeah, I like the way you think and yeah, I think we've lost our way a little with college. You should study something that you find interesting, but if you're going to come out with big loans, I hope it allows you to get a job too!
In all things including finances. Odds are if you try your best it'll be good enough to get you ahead. It's also the only thing you can do.
He was killing it then, and I'm sure he's killing it now.
Mr. Tako recently posted…Utility Stocks: Treasure Or Trash?
Because every penny you save and then invest has already had payroll taxes, healthcare costs, your 401k contribution, and income taxes already taken out of it, that penny is worth MORE than a penny you earn at your job (which still has all those fees/taxes that need to be taken out of it). So while you absolutely SHOULD attempt to earn more and save more, saving more (both in terms of paying less in big/ongoing expenses and in saving/investing money generally) gives you a bigger bang for your buck.
Not sure why that always stuck with me, but it did.
Thanks for sharing my quote about bad car advice!
As for best advice, maybe something from David Bach about investing automatically. Having a portion of your paycheck automatically invested before you see the money is a fantastic way not to overspend.
Best financial advice: Have a Plan B, because as soon as the fighting starts, Plan A already failed.
Told to me by my grandfather in relation to almost anything in life. He lived by the Scout Motto of "Be Prepared". Plan A was to always make a good income and have money coming in regularly. Plan B was putting money aside so it didn't matter if Plan A worked or not.
I think it's probably been said a million different ways by a million different people, but I was told by my Dad.
It's true, and while I've always done it to some extent. I wish I would have heeded that advice earlier in a bigger way. But c'est la vie. It's funny huh? You never appreciate what the older generation tells you until you figure it out on your own… and you're like Damn they know what they're talking about!
MrWow recently posted…Half Marathon – Only Half Crazy!
I know, right? I thought my grandmother was nuts. Hell, I still do, but I should have listened more.
Very nice collection of bad advices.
One of my favorite pieces of advice I've been given is from my dad. All growing up he'd tell me and my siblings, "Don't let anyone tell you that you can't reach your dreams." What he meant by this was ignore the doubters and naysayers, work hard, and pursue what you're passionate about. His dream was always to work at Apple and he had plenty of people telling him he couldn't do it, was too old, etc. He's now been working there for 21 years. This advice has been inspiring to me throughout my life because it has shown the importance of having an internal locus of control.
I think "automate your savings" has been really beneficial for me. Requires much less willpower to save money if it never hits my checking accounts.
My grandparents got me started in Roth IRA when I was 18 and while the place they got me invested wasn't the greatest (high expense ratios and front load commissions), it was a great lesson and I've been investing ever since.
My dad ( an engineer) would say that and this is what it meant. Lay out your vision of the future and then work backwards to make it happen.
Once you have the vision and you figure out what it takes to make it work then you can spend the rest.
buy NVDA for 25/share. motley fool about 2 years ago.
My mom worked for an attorney who started an investment firm on the side. (He's since sold that and shared part of the profits from the sale with the employees! He's truly a great guy!) Investments always seemed so complicated, that he simplified it for me. "Just save 10% of what you make, beginning with your first job. It will give you a start, and you can tweak it later. But start with 10%." He even gave me some mutual fund recommendations, free of charge! It was so nice to have that starting point, with my first job. I was still working on my Master's, while working full time, so one less thing to worry about, and being pointed in a good direction, was priceless!
I had a game growing up where to win you had to be the first person to furnish a home. You collected pay and could either use credit or cash to purchase items. My parents would tell me credit cards were evil whenever I would want to use that option in the game. When I got my first credit card I treated it like a debit card. While they taught me to abhore credit card debt, it is a do as they say not as they do situation.


Learn how your order for spectacle lenses is turned into a complete pair of glazed spectacles in 24 hours. This course, filmed at one of the UK's biggest lens production facilities follows single vision and mulitfocal lenses on their journey from semi finished blanks to glazed, coated lenses. We also hear how new lens designs are created and tested in the R&D department. This course is split in 4 modules: Surfacing Tinting & Coatings Checking & Edging Design & Development You must complete all 4 modules and successfully pass the multiple choice questionnaire to earn 1 CET point. Once complete, you can undertake an optional discussion to make this CET interactive.


Simply plug your appliance into the automatic Standby Shutdown. After going into standby mode, Energenie automatically cuts off the electricity supply, reducing your energy consumption and saving you money. It's quick, safe and simple. Suitable for TV-based home entertainment systems; group appliances with your TV using a multi socket extension lead including TV, DVD player, Radio, CD player / Hi-fi, and Games console. Also use for PC monitors and Printers. Not suitable for equipment which require continuous power for operations such as timed recordings or require updating from a remote source eg some cable and satellite boxes, laptops and desktop computers that have power saving features. Suitable for older tube televisions and appliances that draw more than 40Watts of power in normal ON operation.
ASTA approved br / RoHS compliant br / Approved to the appropriate parts of; BS1363, BS5733, BSEN60730, ETSI EN 300 220.


text:
Disclosure of Substance Use Disorder records during COVID-19
To: Hospital and health system legal counsel and government affairs staff
From: Jaclyn Greenberg, Policy Director, Legal Affairs | Jaclyng@wsha.org (206) 216-2506
Subject: Disclosure of Substance Use Disorder records during COVID-19
The purpose of this bulletin is to clarify the legal requirements for the use and disclosure of Substance Use Disorder (SUD) records during the COVID-19 emergency.
The confidentiality of SUD records is governed by a strict federal law, 42 C.F.R. 2 ("Part 2"). Written consent to use or disclose these records is generally required. Unlike the privacy rule under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), there are no exceptions for purposes of treatment, payment or operations.
In response to the COVID-19 emergency and the fact that many SUD treatment provider offices are closed and people may not be able to present for treatment services in person, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) released guidance to help address possible interruptions in service. The SAMHSA Guidance on Part 2 during COVID-19 essentially reminds SUD providers that:
Patient identifying information may be disclosed by a Part 2 program or other lawful holder to medical personnel, without patient consent, to the extent necessary to meet a bona fide medical emergency in which the patient's prior informed consent cannot be obtained;
Information disclosed to the medical personnel who are treating such a medical emergency may be re-disclosed by such personnel for treatment purposes as needed;
Reliance on the emergency condition exception must be documented; and,
The determination of whether there is an emergency medical condition is up to the individual provider.
The medical emergency exception applies only in the case of a specific individual patient with a medical emergency, and not to a public health emergency generally. SAMHSA's guidance is limited to highlighting the existing exception to the written consent requirement. It is not a waiver of Part 2 rules. The current state of emergency is not a basis for disclosing records without following Part 2's written consent requirements.
The federal law governing the confidentiality of SUD records, 42 C.F.R. 2, applies to all hospitals that provide SUD diagnoses, treatment or referral for treatment, including co-occurring disorders.
Review this bulletin and SAMHSA guidance about Part 2 rules during COVID-19.
Review the Part 2 consent requirements.
Review the Part 2 medical emergencies exception.
If you have not already done so, consider establishing a policy for utilizing the medical emergency exception, including specifying documentation requirements for when the exception is relied upon in an individual case.
Overview and Background
The federal law governing the disclosure of SUD records, 42 U.S.C. § 290dd–2 and its regulations at 42 C.F.R. 2 (collectively "Part 2"), is one of the strictest privacy laws in the country. Unlike the HIPAA Privacy Rule, which allows for disclosures of PHI without written authorization in a wide variety of circumstances, namely for treatment, payment and operations, Part 2 requires written consent for nearly all types of disclosures of information.
The current consent requirements effectively require a fresh written consent for each individual use/disclosure.
Part 2's written consent requirements are detailed and should be reviewed carefully. They include:
Consent must be written, but may be paper or electronic, and must include:
The name of the patient and who may make the disclosure;
How much and what kind of information is to be disclosed, including an explicit description of the SUD information that may be disclosed;
To whom the information is to be disclosed, with specific requirements for individuals, entities with a treating provider relationship with the patient (e.g. hospital), and entities without a treating provider relationship with the patient;
The purpose of the disclosure. Note: the disclosure must be limited to only the information necessary to carry out the stated purpose;
A statement that the consent is subject to revocation at any time except to the extent that the disclosing party already acted in reliance on the consent;
The date, event, or condition upon which the consent will expire if not revoked before. Note: this date, event, or condition must ensure that the consent will last no longer than reasonably necessary to serve the purpose for which it is provided;
The patient or their representative's signature when authorized under Part 2. Note: electronic signatures are permitted, subject to other applicable law; and,
The date on which the consent is signed.
The medical emergency exception. There are limited exceptions to this consent requirement. One of them is if there is a bona fide emergency medical condition. Under 42 U.S.C. §290dd-2(b)(2)(A) and 42 C.F.R. §2.51, patient identifying information may be disclosed by a part 2 program or other lawful holder to medical personnel, without patient consent, to the extent necessary to meet a bona fide medical emergency in which the patient's prior informed consent cannot be obtained. Information disclosed to the medical personnel who are treating such a medical emergency may be re-disclosed by such personnel for treatment purposes as needed. Reliance on the medical emergency exception must be documented.
According to the SAMHSA guidance on Part 2 disclosures during COVID-19, the prohibitions on use and disclosure of patient identifying information would not apply in situations where providers may not be able to obtain written patient consent – for instance, due to office closures or the provision of telehealth services, "to the extent that, as determined by the provider(s), a medical emergency exists." (emphasis added).
A bona fide medical emergency is not defined but it is specific to the individual patient and not a blanket emergency, such as the current public health emergency. For instance, a hospital treating a COVID-19 patient that believes past SUD treatment may be relevant to emergency care for that COVID-19 patient may access SUD information under this exception. This is consistent with guidance from SAMHSA through its FAQs and proposed rulemaking to broaden the medical emergency exception to address the impact of major and natural disasters.
Changes to Part 2 under the CARES Act. Under Section 3221 of the CARES Act, the third federal stimulus bill to address the current emergency, there are several significant changes to Part 2, including the long sought-after objective of better alignment with HIPAA. Among the key provisions, Section 3221 modifies the written consent requirements to contemplate that once written consent is obtained, the SUD records may be used/disclosed by any covered entity, business associate or SUD program for purposes of treatment, payment or operations under HIPAA. Other changes include bolstering enforcement provisions, updating notice of privacy practices, and establishing an anti-discrimination provision.
Unfortunately, the effective date for those changes is March 27, 2021. The law changes do not apply before then and there is much rulemaking activity required to implement them.
Until such time as new rules are adopted, providers must continue to evaluate whether a bona fide medical emergency exists for individual patients before disclosing SUD records without the required written consent.
Background and References
42 CFR §2.31 – Consent Requirements
42 CFR § 2.51 – Medical emergencies
SAMHSA COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Response and 42 CFR 2 Guidance
SAMHSA FAQs – See FAQs 5, 8 and 9
SAMHSA Notice of Proposed Rulemaking – August 26, 2019
Manatt analysis – The CARES Act Brings Key Changes to the SUD Confidentiality Statute


SIALKOT: Pakistani troops have befittingly responded to to unproved firing by the Indian forces at the Nakial sector at Line of Control (LoC) this evening, according to Inter Services Public Relations (ISPR).
It was the third ceasefire violation by the Indian troops today.
Earlier, the Indian Border Security Forces (BSF) resorted to ceasefire violation in Shakargarh and Charwah sector on Thursday morning.
Indian troops fired at Pakistan's Ashraf Shaheed check post from the Naryan check post, Express News reported.
The Chenab Rangers effectively responded to the firing — which has continued for two hours — targeting the civil population in villages.
Further, amidst the unabated ceasefire violations by the Indian troops along the LoC and working boundary, lawmakers hit out at New Delhi for its hostile posturing and raised the spectre of a nuclear war in the region.
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) MNA Shazia Marri said, "This is the time we respond to India as a nuclear state." India claims to be the largest democracy of the world, but looking at the rampant and flagrant violations of human rights in Kashmir by Indian troops "we can call it a sham democracy," she added.