text:
Q: Clickonce downloading the deploy files via HTTP and not HTTPS I am working on a project to deploy a project via clickonce.  The website where these files are housed will only accept HTTPS traffic and if you attempt to connect via HTTP, our siteminder agent will redirect you to a HTTPS login form.  We cannot disable the siteminder agent or enable HTTP for security reasons.
In the application file, I have a codebase that references an absolute path to the manifest and it is via HTTPS
  <dependency>
    <dependentAssembly dependencyType="install" codebase="https://psaportal.ilab.test.com/testprinting/Application_Files/testprint_1_0_0_1/testprint.exe.manifest" size="10147">
      <assemblyIdentity name="testprint.exe" version="1.0.0.1" publicKeyToken="9a078649ee05e0e7" language="neutral" processorArchitecture="msil" type="win32" />
      <hash>
        <dsig:Transforms>
          <dsig:Transform Algorithm="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:HashTransforms.Identity" />
        </dsig:Transforms>
        <dsig:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" />
        <dsig:DigestValue>2nch1T0SmlAycmePobtg9F1qF7c=</dsig:DigestValue>
      </hash>
    </dependentAssembly>
  </dependency>

In running wireshark and decoding the SSL traffic (I am using the server's private key in wireshark to decrypt the SSL traffic).  I see the request to the application's manifest file is via HTTPS (This is a good thing).  But when the clickonce tries to download the testprint.exe.deploy and the other respective files, it is always via HTTP and the siteminder jumps in and redirects the requests which kills the clickonce install with errors.
I have tried to specific an absolute codebase reference in the manifest file, but then I start getting entrypoint errors when the manifest is downloaded by the Clickonce installer.
The current dependency section from the manifest file looks like the following:
  <dependency>
    <dependentAssembly dependencyType="install" allowDelayedBinding="true" codebase="testprint.exe" size="107008">
      <assemblyIdentity name="testprint" version="1.0.0.1" language="neutral" processorArchitecture="msil" />
      <hash>
        <dsig:Transforms>
          <dsig:Transform Algorithm="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:HashTransforms.Identity" />
        </dsig:Transforms>
        <dsig:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" />
        <dsig:DigestValue>dm2nJsu/5UyaEXSDmnISwfnE9MM=</dsig:DigestValue>
      </hash>
    </dependentAssembly>
  </dependency>

I have verified that the website where the application, manifest and deploy files are all under the same URL and the SSL certificate is a valid certificate.
We have tried about every combination of generating application and manifest files as we a dream up and are looking for other solutions.
The application is using .NET 3.5 and we have tried building the application and manifest files via VS2008, VS2010 and mage with no success.
Does anyone know how to get all of the deploy files to always download via HTTPS?

A: This was also posted in this thread in the MSDN ClickOnce forum, and is getting some responses there. Just posting this in case someone else wants to check out the other answers.

A: From your description, it sounds like a certificate or web server configuration issue.  Have you tried the guidance in Serve and Client Configuration Issues in ClickOnce Deployments?


text:
A Contemporary Economist's Account of the "Crowning Folly of Tariff of 1930"
"[T]here came another folly of government intervention in 1930 transcending all the rest in significance. In a world staggering under a load of international debt which could be carried only if countries under pressure could produce goods and export them to their creditors, we, the great creditor nation of the world, with tariffs already far too high, raised our tariffs again. The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act of June 1930 was the crowning folly of the who period from 1920 to 1933….
The Growing U.S. Trade Surplus in Services: Part Two
President Trump and others who are mistakenly troubled by trade deficits with specific countries should at least get the facts straight. To fret about trade deficits in goods alone (ignoring services) is hopelessly old-fashioned in a world where the most exciting business and investment opportunities are typically in the service industries. U.S.
July 9, 2018 2:40PM
Trade Warriors Exclude a Third of U.S. Exports from "Trade Deficits"
Private services account for 69% of GDP, and 128.2 million jobs in June. In the Bureau of Economic Analysis industry accounts, private service industries "consist of utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing; professional and business services; educational services, health care, and social assistance; arts, entertainment, recreational, accommodation, and food services; and other services (except public administration)."
Goods-producing industries, by contrast, "consist of agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; mining; construction; and manufacturing." All of these goods-producing industries combined accounted for only 20.7 million jobs this June. That was fewer goods-producing jobs than in July 2000 (24.7 million) or August 1979 (25 million) or even May 1969 (22.9 million). In other words, all long-term U.S. job growth has been in service occupations, not in manufacturing, mining, construction, and agriculture.
The United States is predominantly a service economy. Many world-famous U.S. enterprises provide services all over the world – including entertainment, transportation, legal services, chain restaurants, advertising, accounting, medical tourism and college degrees. In fact, rising U.S. service exports accounted for a third of total exports from January through May, and the U.S. surplus in services shrunk the total deficit by 31%.
Yet when President Trump and his trade war generals talk excitedly about bilateral trade deficits, they invariably talk only about goods - never services. Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, for example, published "Free Trade Is a Two-Way Street" in The Wall Street Journal, writing only about "trade in goods" – as though a third of U.S. exports, most U.S. jobs and 69% of U.S. GDP is not worth mentioning.
Pro-business? Wilbur Ross Channels Hillary Clinton
On Wednesday members of the Senate Finance Committee questioned Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross about the costs to American businesses of the administration's tariffs. Ross was unsympathetic:
April 6, 2017 3:48PM
U.S.-China Trade Deal Trumps U.S.-China Trade War
Amid increasing tensions between Washington and Beijing over economic and security matters, Chinese President Xi Jinping is in Florida today and tomorrow for meetings with President Trump. Although economic frictions between the world's two largest economies are nothing new, the safeguards that have helped prevent those frictions from sparking an explosion and plunging the relationship into the protectionist abyss may no longer be reliable.
As I noted in this recent Cato Free Trade Bulletin:
Never have the U.S. and Chinese economies been more interdependent than they are today. Never has the value of the bilateral trade and investment relationship been greater. Never has the precarious state of the global economy required comity between the United States and China more than it does now. Yet, with Donald J. Trump ascending to power on a platform of nationalism and protectionism, never have the stars been so perfectly aligned for the relationship to descend into a devastating trade war.
What are those safeguards and why might they no longer be reliable?
First, U.S. multinational business interests that used to favor treading lightly with China, and provided a policy counterweight to U.S. import-competing industries advocating protectionism, have grown disillusioned by the persistence of policies that continue to impede their success in Chinese markets. Many think a more aggressive posture from Washington, even if that makes matters worse for them in the short run, is overdue.
Second, the pro-China-trade lobbies in Washington have grown sheepish in their advocacy on account of an economic study that went viral last year, ascribing massive U.S. jobs losses to trade with China, and because many fear political retribution from challenging Trump's assumptions. Full-throated support for the relationship has become conditional support.
Third, now more than ever before, U.S. policymakers, media, and the public are less inclined to look at the bilateral economic relationship in isolation from the strategic and geopolitical aspects of the relationship. Segregating the issues in the past allowed us to focus on the win-win elements of trade, where there was broad enough agreement that mutual benefits could be derived, without being distracted by the issues where the United States and China are less likely to agree. Today, our economic frictions are viewed through the prism of our geopolitical differences – and that makes trade disputes more difficult to manage.
Trump Adviser Peter Navarro: Reagan Critic, Industrial Policy Fan
Donald Trump always sounded just like a Bernie Sanders Democrat when talking about international trade. "We have one issue that's very similar," he said, "and that's trade." That Trump-Sanders hostility to trade liberalization, in turn, is identical to that of the AFL-CIO and the Economic Policy Institute, a leftist think tank created and largely financed by labor unions.
It should be no surprise that Donald Trump's most influential adviser and spokesman on international trade, Peter Navarro, is a former unsuccessful Democrat politician who seems closer to an old-style Bernie Sanders leftist Democrat than to a Bill Clinton "New Democrat."
The only academic among Trump 13 economic advisers, Navarro returned to being an economics professor at U.C. Irvine, after losing San Diego mayoral election to Republican Susan Golding. In 1993 Navarro wrote the book, Bill Clinton's Agenda for America.
With one caveat, the book was full of glowing praise for everything Clinton promised to do – notably lots more federal spending (which, ironically, fell substantially).
Navarro's doubts about Clinton concerned NAFTA, which Bush created but Clinton promised to change. "I thought the NAFTA agreement ought to have been more properly called 'SHAFTA,'" says Navarro. But he notes that "candidate Clinton later acknowledged the problems of the environment and lost jobs raised by NAFTA, and called for wage safeguards and stricter environmental regulations. It remains to be seen whether this was merely rhetoric, or a serious concern that will have policy follow-through."
Someone in Europe Is Talking Sense on Carbon Tariffs
The nominee for EU Trade Commissioner Karel de Gucht has taken the brave step of opposing carbon tariffs, called for by many European politicians (including, notably, French President Nicolas Sarkozy).
March 13, 2012 1:50PM
Trade Policy Lessons in WTO Challenge of China's Rare Earth Restrictions
This morning the Obama administration lodged an official complaint with the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body over China's ongoing restrictions of exports of "Rare Earth" minerals.
Congress Poised to Escalate the U.S.-China Trade War
U.S. policymakers hold the key to vastly improved economic relations with China. They also have the key to the vehicle that will take the bilateral relationship over the cliff, which appears to be the route that has been chosen. Republican House Ways and Means Chairman Dave Camp will introduce legislation this afternoon that makes explicit the applicability of the U.S.
Understanding the U.S.-China 'Trade War'
An emerging narrative in 2012 is that a proliferation of protectionist, treaty-violating, or otherwise illiberal Chinese policies is to blame for worsening U.S.-China relations. China trade experts from across the ideological and political spectra have lent credibility to that story. Business groups that once counseled against U.S. government actions that might be perceived by the Chinese as provocative have relented and changed their tunes. Use of the term "trade war" is no longer considered taboo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Key speech - the main points
9 Feb, 2010 01:30 AM 2 minutes to read
Parliament. File photo / Mark Mitchell
Herald online
Possible reductions to the top personal tax rate.
No proposals for a land tax, comprehensive capital gains tax, or new tax on residential investment properties.
There will however, be changes to the way property is taxed, to be announced in the Budget in May.
Possible increases to GST to 15 per cent, accompanied by reductions across the board in personal taxes and increases to benefits, superannuation and Working for Families.
WORKING FOR FAMILIES
No major changes to Working for Families - however, the Government is looking at ways to make the system "fairer". It says the policy is aimed at low to middle income earners, but many on high incomes are still eligible for Working for Families payments.
Changes to the way the Government invests in Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) and new measures to transfer research and knowledge from CRIs to firms.
Public consultation on potential changes to the Crown Minerals Act, which bans mining and prospecting on certain areas of Crown land - those protected for conservation reasons.
The Government will release a discussion document recommending that some areas of land be removed from the 'Schedule 4' list and others be added to it in order to stimulate growth and create jobs.
A new "action plan" to increase oil exploration and production will be launched this year.
Reforms to the benefit system, including adjustments to the criteria and testing for the sickness benefit, reapplication rules for those on the unemployment benefit and changes to the criteria for the domestic purposes benefit.
Changes to the benefit abatement regime aimed at encouraging beneficiaries to take up part-time work.
Five big takeouts that business expects from Key's speech
Key speech tomorrow to set out economic plan
8 Feb, 2010 04:40 AM Quick Read
<i>John Armstrong:</i> Up to Key to prove Bollard is wrong
GST hike, tax cuts tipped - Key


Thanks JitThanks Jim, that was a quick response and now I am happy to tell you that I followed your instructions in the sequence you stated and both installations are working fine. My post may have seemed a bit cautious but these days it is so easy to get "stucked" and I was doubly concerned because there was no way to contact Roxio/Corel even by e-mail that I could find to ask such a simple question. Thanks again your input is very much appreciated.


I was blown away from the first moment. The ink seemed to go in effortlessly.
Jason Stephan has been tattooing since 1997. He's originally from Rockledge Florida, but now lives and tattoos in Richmond Virginia. He is part of the talented team at Loose Screw Tattoo in Richmond's Carytown district. Jason is an Award winning tattoo artist specializing in full color animated wild style tattoos.


text:
Cristian Darío Álvarez Azad (Rosario, Santa Fe, 13 de noviembre de 1985), deportivamente conocido como Cristian Álvarez, es un futbolista argentino. Se desempeña como arquero y su actual equipo es el Real Zaragoza de la Segunda División de España.

Trayectoria
Rosario Central
Se formó en las divisiones inferiores de Tiro Federal y de Rosario Central, donde debutó con el primer equipo el 23 de febrero de 2006 ante Cerro Porteño por la Copa Libertadores. Tanto en el Torneo Clausura 2006 como en la Copa se repartió la titularidad del arco de Central con Jorge Broun, Juan Marcelo Ojeda y Hernán Castellano.

En el Apertura 2006 no tuvo mucha participación y quedó relegado al banco de suplentes durante la mayor parte del torneo. Al torneo siguiente, con la venta de Ojeda a River Plate, Álvarez se hizo con la titularidad en el arco canalla. Continuó con la titularidad en la temporada 2007/08 donde su equipo tuvo que pelear el descenso y logró salvarse de la promoción en las últimas fechas.

Espanyol
A mitad de 2008 fichó por el Real Club Deportivo Espanyol de Barcelona por cinco temporadas y por una cantidad de 1.500.000 euros. Durante sus primeras 3 temporadas en el club fue suplente hasta que en la temporada 2011-12 se ganó la titularidad.

San Lorenzo
A mediados de 2013 llegó a San Lorenzo de Almagro. Arrancó su ciclo como titular, pero una lesión y las buenas actuaciones de su reemplazo, Sebastián Torrico, lo relegaron al banco de suplentes. De todos modos pudo gritar campeón del Torneo Inicial 2013, jugando 3 partidos. En su segundo semestre en el club participó de varios partidos en el torneo local, principalmente en las últimas fechas, cuando el equipo presentaba mayoría de suplentes debido a que el principal objetivo era la Copa Libertadores.

Rayo Vallecano
A mediados de 2014 se acordó el préstamo al Rayo Vallecano de Madrid, que competiría en la Primera División de España. Con el club vallecano disputó una sola temporada.

Cerro Porteño
Llegó al club paraguayo a préstamo por un año con opción a compra en junio. Con el ciclón disputó el Torneo Clausura 2015, Torneo Apertura 2016 y la Copa Libertadores de América 2016.

Real Zaragoza
Tras un año de inactividad, el 3 de agosto de 2017 ficha por el Real Zaragoza de la Segunda División de España, con el proyecto de ascender a Primera División como club histórico de esta. Fichó inicialmente por una temporada con opción de ampliar a dos más, renovación automática que se hizo efectiva al superar los 25 partidos disputados a un gran nivel. El 20 de agosto de 2020 se anuncia la ampliación de su contrato por dos temporadas más, hasta junio de 2023.  El 30 de abril de 2021 marcó un gol de cabeza de falta en el minuto 97 en un partido contra el Lugo.

Selección nacional
Fue convocado por primera vez a la selección argentina el 30 de octubre de 2012 para disputar un partido amistoso ante  en Riad, aunque solo ocupó un lugar en el banco de suplentes. También fue citado para el encuentro del 6 de febrero de 2013 ante , convocado nuevamente pero sin llegar a debutar.

Estadísticas

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Copas internacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Futbolistas argentinos nacionalizados en España
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Rosario Central en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Real Club Deportivo Espanyol en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Real Club Deportivo Espanyol en los años 2010
Futbolistas de Rosario
Futbolistas del Club Cerro Porteño
Futbolistas del Real Zaragoza en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Real Zaragoza en los años 2020
Guardametas de fútbol

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Plants → Magnoliophyta → Magnoliopsida → Myrtales → Myrtaceae Juss. → Calothamnus Labill.	→ Calothamnus villosus R.Br.
Erect to spreading shrub, 0.3-1.5 m high. Fl. red, Mar to Jul or Oct or Dec. Sandy soils on granite, laterite or quartzite, clay. Rocky hills, outcrops.
Local Government Areas (LGAs): Albany, Cranbrook, Esperance, Gnowangerup, Jerramungup, Kent, Ravensthorpe.


cbc.ca – When red meat was substituted with legumes, soy or nuts, researchers found favourable changes in cholesterol levels.
Source: Marta Guasch-Ferré, et al. Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials of Red Meat Consumption in Comparison With Various Comparison Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Circulation, 2019.


We discuss the direction of the single currency, and look at what might happen to the Swiss Franc!
Where is EUR/USD heading next?
We discuss the reversal of the single currency and the reasons to consider AUD/USD in terms of a short-term advance.
What happened with EUR/USD after the NFP?
What has happened after the NFP results? We will take a look at, what the single currency is doing now in the beginning of the new week.
Is USD/CAD on bullish track?
The US Dollar continues to lose ground against most of its main competitors, as there has been no good news coming in from the retail sales and CPI. Euro is taking the lead and thus we have two options with the EUR/USD pair.
The BoE's Monetary Policy Committee voted unanimously to keep the central bank's record low interest rates on hold and the rate of bond purchases at their current levels.
The initiative of buying the Japanese Yen has been low for the investors. The market is waiting for the currency to go back to the broken trend in order to sell the pair.
The European markets are busy assessing the outcome of the first round of the presidential elections in France. Makron and Le Pen almost equalled in the presidential race, which is causing serious fear among the investors.
The USD/CHF has pressure building up, as it is testing the broken trend once again.
Is Oil going down the drain?
One-third of the increase in OPEC cartel production will come from Iraq and Iran. Together with the growing demand for energy, the IEA report looks optimistic.
Will investors lose bearings because of Flynn?
The Dollar reverses gains ahead of Yellen speech, German GDP falls short of estimates.
Japanese Yen is taking the heat!
The Dollar is leading again with the USD/JPY going through a bullish engulfing at the 50% Fibonacci level.


How has Online Education Evolved - Things to Know about Online Education?
How has Online Education Evolved – Things to Know about Online Education?
Education has been changing and has become better as time passed by with introduction of new trends. In the beginning, education was just passing of general information and knowledge orally generations after generations and the eldest person was considered as a living library wherein if anyone had any doubt they would ask that person for their words of wisdom.
After that, came the concept of schools where a person with more knowledge about any particular field would teach the children and share the knowledge in that area. Soon these schools started storing information in the form of written data which in turn led to the invention of books. As time passed by, schools became bigger and started using infrastructure and modernized ways of education, that is when Online Education came into existence.
Now with the use of the internet, one can choose the best course offered in a specific region like Georgia just by typing best online colleges in Georgia in any search engine and can get all the required information regarding any online course.
Online education is a form of education which is delivered and administered using the internet. Online education can be divided into various categories depending on the extent of online education incorporated into the course ranging from the face-to-face interaction between a student and an instructor to exclusive online courses to blended learning which incorporates both an online course as well as face-to-face guidance. Online education includes digital notes, e-books, teaching slides, video lecture and conference, online tests etc.
It is more affordable compared to offline education.
It is convenient and flexible.
There is no geographical and time barrier.
Data is upgraded regularly thereby students can have access to the latest data.
Technological skills are improved automatically and this would act as an added advantage in the future.
Personalized attention and teaching would be missing as there is no permanent teacher who would be always present to give guidance.
Students with fewer resources lack proper education.
Online courses require more time than on-campus classes.
How Online Education is More Affordable?
For many colleges that solely specialize in offering online degrees, they have fewer expenses to incur.
They usually do not have vast areas of land, property, and buildings to manage.
They do not have to pay thousands of support staff and personnel every month.
Also, students do not have costs associated with commuting to a college campus.
Even though Online Education is cheaper, students can reduce the cost even more by availing various scholarships like Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois, UNICAF MBA Scholarships, Penn State World Campus Scholarships, left handed Scholarships, etc.
Left-handed Scholarships are scholarships offered to left-handed people to encourage them for their Uniqueness. Some of the Left-handed scholarships are Frederick and Mary F Buckley Scholarship, AAST Medical Student Scholarships, Constitutional Officers' Association of Georgia (COAG) Scholarship, MRCA Foundation Left Handed Scholarship Award etc.
Since Online Education is still under developing stage and is improving day by day with more number of students taking up courses online, many colleges have started offering courses online across various disciplines. Also, since it is cheaper than traditional college courses, it is convenient for students to learn a course from wherever it is comfortable. These are some of the reasons that have made the online education a great success.
Guest posting is something that a lot of website owners rely on for building backlinks to their sites. This is a search engine optimization strategy that has been proven to be effective if used right.
This is a practice in which a website (or blog) owner publishes posts on other blogs. In exchange for these, the receiving blogs make mention of the poster and link back to the poster's website. This is a win –win situation for both parties as the receiving blogs get quality content on their sites while the poster gets link backs to their own site.
This is probably the most popular benefit that people reap from guest posting. Search engines judge the authority of your site by looking at the number of websites that point back to it. If a lot of websites are pointing back to yours, search engines assume that your site must be an authority on the subject for all these other sites to be linking back to yours.
If you have a lot of guest posts out there with links pointing back to your site, you will be building your site's authority and by so doing, increasing your ranking.
Aside from the back links you may (or may not) get, guest posting exposes you to a wider audience. When you post on another blog, you are making your content available to a different stream of readers. Once your content is top quality and readers love them, you as the writer will become more widely known and this will in turn give more popularity and weight to your content.
Increased exposure will among other things lead to a widening of your network as a blogger or online business person, increased social media presence as people share your post on social media, increased social media following as more people read your post on social media and like them and also follow you etc.
It is almost like a domino effect, when one happens the others follow in sequence. At end of the day, your brand becomes widely known and you will become an authority figure and influencer in your chosen niche.
Following from the point above, having great content on other sites not only builds your brand but also brings you direct traffic from those sites. Unless your post does not have any link back to your site.
You can find a more extensive list of its benefits here.
This has to be done right for you to get the right results. Let's look at a few steps to effectively guest post.
There are three possible goals you could be aiming at here. These are: Direct traffic, backlinks or establishing yourself as an authority in your niche. It is important to determine this early as this should determine the types of places you choose to post.
For direct traffic or to establish yourself as an authority, you need to post on sites with a lot of traffic. If your goal is to get back links, then you may not be as concerned with traffic as you will be of domain authority. These are just a few examples.
Where you post your content to is very important. The niche should be right as should be the site. This is because your content will basically be useless on some sites and some sites won't add real value to you.
Here's a simple way to go about it. Find experts in your niche who guest post and search for where they publish their posts. Use the phrase "guest post by" and the person's name to search. This should show you some great sites you can send your posts to.
This is a very important aspect of the process. You need to create great content because your content is not likely to be accepted if it is not top quality or at least good enough. Secondly, the quality of your post will also determine how much impact it will make.
Still Not Sure How to Go About it?
It's possible that everything we have spoken about may still be a bit confusing to you. You may also be wondering when you will find the time to do these. Thankfully, there is another way to handle these postings. There are companies like Quality Guest Posts that will help you create quality guest posts in seo. They will even go further to publish these posts on selected blogs for maximum effect.
This is a great option for quick results especially if you do not have the time to handle the entire guest blogging process. Remember that when this is done right, it adds serious value to your brand and your site.
Finding blog post ideas is a hard task. Meanwhile, it is the most crucial one. There are plenty of articles over the blog that crunches about getting blog post content ideas. But, all such fail to talk about the content ideas that get you backlinks.
Here, I am going to share a few ways to find blog post ideas that attract backlinks.
Analyzing your competitor backlinks and getting ideas for your blog posts would be an effective way. Similarly, there are loads of ways.
Before that, let us have a brief discussion about the types of content that grabs most user attention and backlinks.
How you are presenting your content is much important as what you are writing. Depending on the content type and the media format you include, the reach will be varying. You might notice a few articles will be more popular among social networks. But, that won't get you backlinks. Few may not get more shares but attract more backlinks.
Before creating content, you must stick on to your goal. Being said that, building backlinks is one of the significant goals of content. Below are the blog post content types that can get you more backlinks. Backlinks to a particular post not only boosts its ranking. It can bring up the ranking of all other posts too. And, you can drive massive organic traffic with better rankings.
Analyses are resulting in that list types of posts are the most shareable. The key factor for list type of posts being popular is; it is easily scannable. Probably the listed items will be as subheaders. People will promptly run through the entire items even they didn't read it completely.
Generally, the guiding posts and tutorials answering user's 'how-to', 'why', 'what' will grab much attention. Indeed, if you guide is an ultimate one; then this will attract huge backlinks. But, your guide must be wrapping everything on the topic you are writing. Whenever people are discussing that topic in forums or anywhere over the web, they will intend to link to your guide. Referring to the below image, it's about Neil's beginner's guide to internet marketing.
Infographics are good to depict any type of message. Through which you could precisely present statistical data or break down a topic into elements. These embed media formats will take your content viral among the online users.
Fortunately, if your infographics content is of high quality, then it is going to rock. Researching data to produce infographics can take time. Still, it is worth. Anyways, you have to spend thousands of dollars to create such infographics content, but you can get significant ROI. It can either be the backlinks, organic traffic, content promotion, social shares or anything.
The most common content types that get the most popular among people would be discussions. It includes surveys, case studies, etc. If you are into marketing your product or service, create a case study content. It must cover the unique strategies or features you implemented, from start to finish. Make it as a document and roll it around your target audience. But, the case study content must be genuine and claims real data.
In addition to that, interview posts and expert roundup posts can also get you credibility and attracts more backlinks. In expert roundup posts, you are accumulating multiple experts in a single place. Obviously, the participating experts by themselves will promote your content and get you tons of backlinks.
Further, let's get into the ways to find such backlinks attracting blog post content ideas. The blog content must serve its best to the search engines as well as the users.
These content ideas will not only attract backlinks but can also drive huge organic traffic to your entire blog posts. Every high-quality article you are publishing in your blog has an ability to boosts your other blog posts too. Internal linking has its vital role in passing link juices among these posts to build authority.
However, there are infinite numbers of resources available to generate blog post content ideas. Among which, I am going to share very few that are easy and actionable.
Among all the discussion platforms, Quora is gaining popularity among people. Quora would be ideas mining place where you can get ideas on any topic. Moreover, you can also understand the topic that is curious among the public. Feeding the needy would be the best-ever actionable strategy that gets you success.
You can use Quora to know your target audience curiosity, need, and behavior. For an instant, refer to the below image. While searching the topic 'SEO Trends', you could notice the topic trendiness from the 'Questions Stats', and the number of answers marked. Moreover, the related question section can get you more suggestions on the same topic to write in your next blog posts.
Similarly, there are thousands of forums and discussion platforms are available. But, I would prefer exploring Quora for its user engagements.
Google would be the typical place where people can find or get whatever they want. Then why not Google or any other search engine can help you with awesome blog posts content ideas? In the Earlier section, we have seen the types of blog posts content that attract backlinks. From the search engines results page, you can get ideas to come up with any of such content types.
You may use queries as below to find blog post content ideas for different types of blog content. Exploring ideas from various blogs can get your enormous thoughts to have your skyrocketing posts.
Conducting interviews and roundups can get you immense insights about a topic. As well as, read top influencer's interviews and roundup contributions on a regular basis.
Interviewing top influencers in your niche can drive you massive organic traffic. Also, it gets you a decent volume of backlinks and social mentions. There are bloggers who include those interviews in their portfolio. From which you can gain backlinks on authority sites.
Particularly, expert roundup posts can offer the same. Also, you can roll out polls or surveys or direct questions through email newsletter asking what your audiences are expecting from your next blog post.
You can get an infinite number of ideas. Particularly, these are the potential insights from your target users.
You may use top content marketing and SEO tools like Ahrefs, BuzzSumo, SEMRush, etc. to research on the topic which you want to write about. Using such tools, you can analyze the related topic's performance over social platforms and target audiences. How people are curious about your topic? What works well?
Depending on the analysis results, you can curate the ideas to present your blog posts. Also, you may refer to the old blog posts that perform well at that time. Study more about the topic and understand its current market standard. You may now write blog post content on that topic with the latest information and data. Undoubtedly, this will grab more users' attention and get you the most backlinks.
I am sure that I have missed out many informative resources to generate blog post content ideas. But these few I have shared here are the effective ways to find blog post ideas that attract backlinks and user attention.
I would suggest you maintain a file where you can keep adding your inspirations and ideas whenever you come across. While drafting new blog posts, you can refer to it.
Ultimately, every webmaster wants to offer quality content to its readers. Obviously, such high-quality content can only get you the backlinks. No one would be ready to provide backlinks if your content means nothing to their readers.


You want to be the best? Take this course!
It's really that simple. The course is open to all comics writers and it covers narrative techniques such as panel count, panel shape and size, double-page spreads, parallel narratives, choosing your narrator, "show don't tell," texts as imagery, and much more!
Not only will you learn directly from Andy Schmidt (X-Men, Avengers, Fantastic Four, G.I. Joe, Transformers, Captain America, Annihilation), live and online, but you'll also be given assignments each week that will help you embed the week's lessons and fully add the tools to your writing arsenal!
If you want to be the best you can be, this is a must-take course, offered for the first time right now!
In addition to talking with Andy and my classmates during the class sessions—and they are recorded if you have to miss one or more—you'll also have exclusive access to a dedicated class member-only online forum where your class can meet online 24 hours a day, seven days a week for the duration of the course.
The Professional Techniques: Advanced Narrative and Storytelling Skills course meets once a week for five weeks. It meets between 9:00 pm EST and 11:00 pm EST. The course is held live.


text:
Portraits of the Past
In 1916, the Duchy Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Issued This Lovely Passport to a Young Woman Pictured With Her Dog
August 21, 2020 Vintage Everyday 1910s, animals, female, germany, humor & hilarious, photography, portraits, travel 0
This passport issued from the Duchy Saxe Coburg-Gotha in 1916 is one of the very rare types within the German Empire. It features a photo of a young woman with her beloved dog.
Clearly, in these days there were no rules about passport photos, so you could take any photograph as long it was fitting on a passport page. Passport pictures were introduced in Germany on January 1, 1915.
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was an Ernestine, Thuringian duchy ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin, consisting of territories in the present-day states of Thuringia and Bavaria in Germany. It lasted from 1826 to 1918. The name Saxe-Coburg-Gotha also refers to the family of the ruling House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which played many varied roles in the dynastic and political history of Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Did this young woman travel exclusively with her pup? Where did they go? What did they see? We may never know…
Tom Topol is a passport collector who began his collection after leafing through some old passports at a flea market in Kyoto, Japan. His collection now contains more than 700 passports, and is still growing.
"Old passports are 'art works,' as I describe it. Why? Because no passport looks the same at that time, as they were issued manually and not automatically like today. Back then you had beautiful hand-writing, colorful boarder stamps and the passport picture was always a highlight," Topol told weather.com. "Today you are not even allowed to smile on your picture. In the U.S., you are now not even allowed to wear your eye glasses."
The collector focuses on German passports. But history's wars, shifting boarders and evolving political systems have left behind passports from places that are now known by different names. He has spent last decade and a half learning everything he can about the politics and geography of historical passports, as well as digging int.
(Photos © Passport-Collector.com)
30 Found Photos Show Fashion Styles of Teenage Girls in the 1970s
32 Stunning Black and White Photographs That Capture Street Scenes of New York City in the 1930s
Search The Vintage News Archives
Before Being a Nun: 35 Beautiful Photos of Dolores Hart in the 1950s and '60s
Funny Photographs From the Batman Premiere Party, January 1966
A Woman Stomping Grapes for Wine in Frascati, Italy, 1957
Stay In Touch On Social


text:
Press Releases & Blogs > A Decade of Impact: Celebrating Success in Lwala
A Decade of Impact: Celebrating Success in Lwala
| Dominic Portalla
On Friday, March 31, 2017, Lwala Community Alliance celebrated their Ten-Year Anniversary to a vast Nashville audience at downtown's Bell Tower. Both Tivity Health and Health eVillages sponsored the event and our Founder/Chairman, Donato Tramuto, gave one of the evening's speeches.
"Tonight," Donato began, "we are all sons and daughters of Lwala." He then asked the entire audience to hug the person they were standing next to. It was one of many powerful moments that evening, which included a candid live conversation from LCA Founders, Fred and Milton Ochieng, and a moving musical performance from Nashville's Jars of Clay.
"Be a rainbow in someone else's cloud," Donato said, quoting Dr. Maya Angelo, before thanking the Lwala leadership team "for being a rainbow in so many people's clouds."
Health eVillages partnered with Lwala Community Alliance back in 2012 and together, have worked to tackle some incredible challenges. Before constructing a state of the art cellular tower, it could often take up to several days for LCA to simply send an email and connect with their colleagues in the US. Before delivering the Health eVehicle, transport of staff and patients during the rainy season in Kenya was deemed "treacherous" and incredibly unsafe. Before access to tablets and mobile devices, simply searching for critical information at the point of care could be life-threatening. Together, Lwala Community Alliance and Health eVillages have expanded staff housing, provided dozens of tablets to community health workers to streamline their workflow and have even built a maternity ward so that more mothers can deliver their children at the hospital in safety and dignity. It's a powerful alliance and one that we value tremendously.
Lwala Community Alliance Founders, Fred & Milton Ochieng, discuss the first breached birth at the Lwala Hospital with their Managing Director, Julius Mbeya
So, the important question: How has Lwala Community Alliance collaborated with their partners, trained their staff and created a model that is making a lasting difference to this community in Kenya? I had the honor of producing and editing the "Decade of Impact" video which screened at the event that outlined just that:
97% Skilled Delivery Rate.
94% Immunization Rate.
Nearly 0 Mother to Child Transmission of HIV.
"These are not just numbers," Milton states in the video. "These are our children, these are our parents, these are our families." It is with this impressive community-led model that Lwala has taken aim to expand its catchment area of 30,000 individuals to 1 million. And before exiting the stage, Donato made plainly to the awe-struck Lwala leadership team, our commitment to help support that vision by pledging $500,000 (collectively, from Health eVillages and The Tramuto Foundation) to Lwala Community Alliance over the next five years.
Our deepest congratulations to Lwala Community Alliance for the immense success they have achieved in just 10 short years and the success they will continue to achieve as they bring safe and efficient healthcare to the 1 million people of Migori County!


A fun post in the comments from Phillip Mulholland.
The Carbonate Beach Factory: Memories of a Warm World.
It is a mid-June day in 1991, West Caicos, a small uninhabited tropical island in the Turks and Caicos archipelago, bakes in the hot summer sun. I am on a field trip to the British West Indies organised by Dr Hal Wanless of the University of Miami, to study the modern geology and depositional environments of a natural carbonate factory. A visit that, even now, I consider to have been the best field study trip of my entire geoscience career. Located in the trade wind belt, the Turks and Caicos Islands lie at the south-eastern end of the Bahaman chain of Atlantic Ocean carbonate-platform islands. With the Tropic of Cancer passing to the north of the group, at midday the June sun is directly overhead and your shadow is as small as it possibly can be. By evening, the summer thunderstorms arrive tracking west across the ocean, passing by on their way to the Caribbean.
For most of the year, the climate of West Caicos is dominated by dry trade winds. These are derived from the down-welling of the Hadley Cell, centred over the Atlantic Ocean to the north-east. The low rainfall and high evaporation rate make the climate too dry for sugar cane production, a failed economic enterprise tried by past entrepreneurs at this remote island location. Salt production, the original economic activity of the Turks and Caicos, was attempted at West Caicos, but that enterprise failed also. The salt pans were located on the site of a major wash-over fan in the northwest of the island. The regolith here consists of permeable limestone rubble and not the impermeable coastal micritic mudflats, the natural location of choice for salt production on the other islands in the group. This site, with its poor hydrogeology, probably accounts for the failure of the West Caicos salt pan enterprise.
Now West Caicos is a nature reserve and the native bromeliad flora are left to grow undisturbed. We are here to undertake a west to east traverse across the island to see how the individual elements of its geology have been created by the natural marine processes of active carbonate deposition occurring over the past few thousand years, since the sea level rise at the end of the last ice-age flooded the Caicos platform.
We begin our journey in the sea, swimming with mask and flippers off the island's west coast; we are here to observe the corals thriving in the shallow warm waters of the reef flat, everyone's ideal coral island setting. Swimming here is easy in the shallows, except for the slight ocean swell, as we make our way out to the drop-off, and spot the barracuda fish below, patrolling the reef edge, marking its location. Then everything suddenly changes, the seabed disappears from sight as the water depth precipitately increases towards the 300 metre level, the water colour becomes a deep blue and the water temperature drops as we move into the ocean current. Here I experience a sudden cramp in my legs and I am grateful for the life jacket I'm wearing and the presence of my safety buddy, as swimming becomes difficult in the colder water. So why is the water now so cold and where has all the warm water gone? Leaving these questions unanswered we swim to the safety of the Z boat and head back to shore.
Our next stop is just off the beach, here the corals are no longer thriving, they are being buried by carbonate beach sand and the burrows of innumerable marine creatures pockmark the seabed. This change to carbonate sand is not evidence of a dying environment, this is a thriving pristine environment, it is simply no longer the coral's home and a new force of nature, sediment derived from the inorganic carbonate beach factory, dominates the scene. Carbonate geologists estimate that approximately 50% of all the carbonate rock on Earth is generated by inorganic means and our next stop is the factory floor, the sand generating swash zone of the carbonate beach environment.
We arrive on the western beach of West Caicos, standing in the swash zone where the sea water reaches its warmest temperature. We observe the continuous back and forth motion of the sea as each wave arrives, rolling the grains of carbonate sand and creating a smooth beach with a distinctive sedimentary pattern or facies. Hal draws our attention to the beach rock in a small cliff adjacent to our landing point. Here we can see, preserved in the vertical rock face and deposited at a time of previously higher sea level, the sedimentary facies of the same near shore environments we have just observed offshore. In the base of the cliff we find the fossil corals, above them surrounding and smothering them we see the lithified carbonate sand grains and the distinctive cone shaped burrows of the long dead marine animals. Above this zone are the smooth layers of sand from the old swash zone forming a structured Z shaped pattern in the cliff face marking the exact tidal limit of the ancient beach. This is a classic geological example of the "Principle of Superposition and Original Horizontality", where the younger sediments of the proximal shallow-water beach environment extend over the older distal deeper-water coral reef, as the sea bed shallows and the island grows seaward. The effects of this principle are regularly observed in marine carbonate deposits, with each upward episodic sea level change defining the datum for a repeated pattern of sequential stratal growth.
We climb off the beach, up onto the rock outcrop and on its upper level we find gigantic boulders of beach rock with the same three strata as below, but tumbled out of their original setting. Hal observes that these boulders have been ripped out from the cliff and deposited up here by a storm surge from a former hurricane. My personal view is that this could be a tsunami deposit, given that we are due north of Hispaniola and at the western end of the active Puerto Rico submarine trench, this explanation of a powerful wave, generated by a submarine earthquake, also seems plausible. It is my belief that in geoscience it is always a good idea to entertain more than one explanation for any set of field observations.
We are now standing at the top of the cliff, above the sea, on the oldest part of the island. Turning to face east, we see the land fall away in a gentle slope and in the distance, on the horizon, a line of sand dunes rises behind a blue lake. Following a straight track, laid out by the former sugar plantation enterprise, we are soon down hill, back at sea level, walking out on a causeway across the brine lake. Half way across there is a break in the track, the site of a former culvert, where the lake water flows though the causeway gap from north to south. Hal explains that on every visit to West Caicos he has always observed the same continuous direction of flow, so a tidal explanation for the movement of the water can be discounted. The lake occupies the site of an old bay on the island's former east coast, now separated from the lagoon by lines of barrier dunes, but its waters are still hydrologically connected to the sea by an underground phreatic limestone aquifer. The wind driven marine current flowing west towards West Caicos island across the shallow Caicos lagoon creates a hydraulic gradient on the islands east coast that forces sea water underground, through the island's limestone core to emerge in and flow through this central blue lake, before the water makes its way back underground to regain the open sea at the island's west coast.
Beyond the lake the track rises to a cut through heavily vegetated small hills, the maturity of the bromeliad flora demonstrates the significant age of these now inactive dunes. At the crest line, a new vista appears, in the distance a second line of modern sand dunes lies beyond a sabkha mudflat. We descend and cross the sabkha, its fragile algal crust breaking under the pressure of our footsteps, to reveal soft gypsum mud below. The presence of natural gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate) in this ocean island setting is a surprise and is a testimony to the effectiveness of the high evaporation rate of the West Caicos climate in concentrating the seawater brine.
Leaving the sabkha we climb the line of modern dunes, the loose sand and the sparse vegetation of grasses demonstrate the young age of this second barrier to be crossed before we reach the modern east coast of West Caicos. Beyond the crest, a rapid descent brings us down to a wide wind swept beach. A continuous drying wind, blowing in our face, moves the loose sand off the shore, adding to the dunes behind us and raising the island's surface above sea level by means of aeolian sedimentation.
It is now over 19 years since that summer day, yet the memories of my short visit to West Caicos remain vivid. Looking back now, at the end of my geoscience career, it is time to place all the elements of that day into an environmental synthesis and answer the question of what happened to the warm water when I swam beyond the reef edge and experienced that dangerous cramp in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
Marine inorganic carbonate sediment creation is a warm-water, shallow-sea process. There are two major types of carbonate environment present in the seas of Earth; namely carbonate platforms and carbonate ramps. Carbonate platforms are found throughout the tropical oceans, while carbonate ramps are found on continental shelves in tropical epiric seas.
The Caicos Islands are an example of a modern active carbonate platform that forms an area of shallow sea surrounded by the deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The dimensions of the platform are large, in the south it extends from West Caicos to Seal Cays, a distance of about 100 km, while in the north it extends from Providenciales to East Caicos a distance of about 80 km. The platform covers an area of approximately 5,400 sq km, of which only 430 sq km is land and about 5,000 sq km is covered by shallow sea. This shallow lagoon is a gigantic solar energy collector, each day the tropical sun warms the sea water and all day and night the dry north-east trade wind enhances the surface evaporation, increasing the sea-water salinity and driving the current westward across the lagoon towards West Caicos and the open ocean beyond.
As the temperature and salinity of the ocean water increases in the lagoon a process of evaporitic precipitation of salts from marine waters becomes possible. This deposition of salts occurs in a distinct pattern of increasing solubility. Calcium carbonate, the least soluble salt, precipitates first. The water soluble calcium bicarbonate is converted to calcium carbonate precipitate with the release of gaseous carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. This process takes place in the warmth of the beach's swash zone and accounts for the prolific carbonate sand sedimentation found here and throughout the Bahamas. The next salt that precipitates from the seawater concentrate is gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate). This process takes place on the West Caicos sabkha, behind the dunes, where the ponded seawater, driven onto the island by the wind and tide, concentrates by further evaporation. The third salt to precipitate is halite (sodium chloride) this is the most soluble mineral of the three and therefore the most difficult to precipitate. The waters of the brine lake demonstrate that there is the potential for this process to occur on West Caicos, and would do so if a suitable natural salt pan existed here.
Halite deposition does occur on other islands in the group that have more favourable environmental conditions, such as the islands of Providenciales, North, Middle & East Caicos on the northern rim of the Caicos platform. These islands are all growing by natural tide assisted sediment accretion of carbonate mud. They have mangrove swamps on their southern coasts and are slowly extending out across the Caicos lagoon. Behind the zone of mangroves, the drying wind and hot sun permit the deposition of gypsum and halite in flat natural salt pans.
As a consequence of the process of evaporation the sun warmed sea waters leaving the Caicos lagoon, on its western margin, are denser than the cold ocean waters that have flowed around the carbonate platform. At the reef edge this water density difference causes the warm lagoon brine to sink towards the depths below the colder less saline ocean water and accounts for the sudden thermal contrast I experienced in the sea off West Caicos island that June day in 1991.
This entry was posted on August 9, 2010 at 7:38 pm	and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Just so. When CO2 dissolves in the sea, most reacts with dissolved carbonate to form bicarbonate. This reaction is reversible, and is being reversed here. The bicarb splits into carbonate and CO2 again, and in this environment the carbonate precipitates and the CO2 returns to the air.
I really enjoyed the essay. It reminded me of the Tony Brown posts on historic ice record in the arctic. Sometimes it's good to step back and remember what we're talking about.
Great essay. Unfortunately West Caicos isn't quite so pristine anymore. In two successive years I spent two weeks on Providenciales to the East of West Caicos. I was on the beach in Sapodilla Bay with a view across the water to West Caicos, which looked like one giant erector set with cranes towering over the island's east end. There was a long dock on our beach that was crowded with workers in the early morning as they boarded launches to take them to West Caicos. Then the global financial meltdown (Lehmann Brothers was financing development) brought all construction to a halt in 2008. I haven't been back in a couple of years, but I don't think things have resumed. So there are these great hulking concrete shells standing unfinished.
Bishop Hill references McKitrick's review of the Climategate reviews.
Field trip to the Turks and Caicos…rough life.
Brazilian automakers make vehicles will be flexible with gasoline and ethanol blends. Ethanol from sugar cane in Brazil has been created in the twenties and thirties, with the introduction of the car. Output fell by the wayside until the seventies when oil again threatened. At that time ninety-seven percent of ethanol produced in the United States is from corn. There are no current plans to produce ethanol from sugar cane or beet sugar in the United States.
Brazil and the US are not comparable. 'Cane grows like a weed in Brazil's climate, but is only viable in the southernmost portions of the US.
And using corn inevitably displaces food tillage, and spikes prices. With disastrous results in the poorest parts of the world. Further, the inputs and fertilizers etc. required by corn make it a marginal or losing energy proposition. Finally, it would take virtually every habitable and tillable acre in the country planted in corn to replace gasoline.
The above "Tim" post is generic robo-spam.
I think it is the real tim who really liked the wonderful post. Don't click on the name though, it is linked to something horrible.
There is no tim. It's a spambot posting generic messages clumsily phrased to exploit the vanity of bloggers of lesser intelligence, and thereby avoid blocking or deletion.
I was joking with you. I get literally thousands of these every month.
Just for the heck of it, I did a partial screen capture of the spam filter today.
Looks like you were right :D.
219672 spams in 3 years.
Sorry to hear that West Caicos is no longer the pristine nature reserve that it was in 1991. I notice from Google Maps that there is now a landing strip on the island.
Yes it was rough. Back in the office, one colleague would not speak to me for months afterwards. West Caicos was only one day of a week on the islands that included a Cessna flight round the archipelago. On that day the pilot took one look at the satellite image that our remote sensing department supplied for our visit and commandeered it because it was the most accurate map of the Turks and Caicos that he had ever seen. It made his job of navigating to the Blue Hole easy.


text:
Replicated Typo
Culture, its evolution and anything inbetween
Can linguistic features reveal time depths as deep as 50,000 years ago?
Throughout much of our history language was transitory, existing only briefly within its speech community. The invention of writing systems heralded a way of recording some of its recent history, but for the most part linguists lack the stone tools archaeologists use to explore the early history of ancient technological industries. The question of how far back we can trace the history of languages is therefore an immensely important, and highly difficult, one to answer. However, it's not impossible. Like biologists, who use highly conserved genes to probe the deepest branches on the tree of life, some linguists argue that highly stable linguistic features hold the promise of tracing ancestral relations between the world's languages.
Previous attempts using cognates to infer the relatedness between languages are generally limited to predictions within the last 6000-10,000 years. In the present study, Greenhill et al (2010) decided to examine more stable linguistic features than the lexicon, arguing:
If some typological features are consistently stable within language families, and resistant to borrowing, then they might hold the key to uncovering relationships at far deeper levels than previously possible. For example, Nichols (1994) uses typological features to argue for a spread of languages and cultures around the Pacific Rim, connecting Australia, Papua New Guinea, Asia, Russia, Siberia, Alaska and the western coasts of North and South America. If this is correct, then these typological features must be reflecting time depths at least 16 000 years and possibly as deep as 50 000 years ago
Still, to really get the most information possible, it's best to use a large corpus reflecting the diversity of the world's languages. This is where the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) comes in: it contains a vast body of information about 141 typological features across 2561 languages. It's a great resource, comparable to the online tools available for geneticists, with Greenhill et al employing phylogenetic analyses of this typological data. They break up their approach into three parts. First, a network method is applied to the observed patterns of typological variability in an effort to find any deep signals within the data. Second, they "quantify the fit of typological and lexical features onto known family trees for two of the world's largest and best-studied language families — Indo European and Austronesia". Lastly, they estimate the rates of evolution for typological and lexical features within these families, subsequently comparing the two.
Using a network technique (see figure below), the authors are able to visualise the divergence between languages by looking at the length of the branches, with the box-like structures representing a conflict between signals when certain typological features support incompatible language groupings. So if typological features are stable, then we would expect to see instances where known linguistic history is displayed in the groupings, whilst having a relatively minimal amount of conflicting signals. Conversely, those typological features tending to evolve too rapidly, or undergo diffusion between adjacent languages, will produce a star-like network — creating many boxes and lots of clustering.
So how did they fare? Well, the network shown above does group some of the languages into known families, as shown in Indo-European, Altaic and Nakh-Daghestanian. In other instances, however, the language families were not recovered — including, Sino-Tibetan, Uralic, and Trans-New Guinea. They also note that there are substantial number of conflicting signals (box-like structures), leading to an inaccurate recovery of many well-attested phylogenetic relationships within major language families. An example being the network linking German to French, when in fact German is more closely related to English. There do exist high level clusters in the data, including languages from continental Eurasia, which may suggest an ancient common ancestry. This is consistent with the hypothesis that typological features evolve slowly enough to allow linguists to identify deep historical relationships, but as the authors note:
[…] phylogenetic networks cannot distinguish between similarity owing to common ancestry and similarity owing to areal diffusion or chance resemblances arising through independent innovation… If some typological features are highly stable and good indicators of common ancestry, then we would expect them (i) to fit well with established language groupings and (ii) to show slower rates of change than lexical features as a whole.
To assess the shape of language evolution they fitted typological and lexical data onto the established family trees. In both Indo-European and Austronesian, the lexical data provided a significantly better fit to the expected family trees than the typological data, with lexical networks displaying a much more tree-like signal. Now, as for estimating the rates of change, they calculated the maximum-likelihood estimate for the rate of evolution across the posterior distribution of trees in each family:
In both families, the distributions of lexical and typological rates are comparable. The similar ranges evident in these plots indicate that there is in fact no substantial difference between the slowest rates of lexical and typological change in either family.
Lastly, they found that, in agreement with their previous research, rates of lexical change are correlated across language families. In contrast, the rate of typological feature change shows no significant correlation between Indo-European and Austronesian. The general conclusion from this absence of correlation suggests there are not any sets of universally stable typological features. In fact, their analysis of rates of evolution failed to identify any typological features that evolve at consistently slower rates than the basic lexicon. Assuming, then, that the signal in the lexicon does stretch back 10,000 years, the authors suggest the typological data is constrained across a similar temporal horizon. And this is not the only difficulty in inferring deep ancestral relationships. First, there are high rates of homoplasy across the typological features. So shared typological features are even less reliable an indication of common ancestry than shared basic vocabulary. Second, those languages situated geographically close to one another might undergo diffusion:
This can occur through processes like language shift (Thomason & Kaufman 1988)–where speakers of one language change to another owing to societal influences, yet retain morphology or phonology from their original language, or metatypy (Ross 1996)–where a language rearranges some aspect of typology (e.g. morphosyntax) owing to contact between languages without explicit borrowing between the languages, usually as an outcome of intimate cultural contact.
Ultimately, I think the current study highlights how little linguists know about the shape and tempo of language change. Contrary to the notion that structural elements of language change on a near-glacial time scale, it appears structural change is comparable to lexical change; and nor does it limit the diffusion of features between languages. Another important finding is the difference between the rates of structural evolution in language families. According to Greenhill et al, just as frequency of use is crucial in lexical change, so it may be true for the use of different structural elements in determining structural change. Complicating the situation somewhat is whereas word use is relatively constant across languages, structural features are dependent on what other structural constraints are operating within a language. It might invite incredulity, but despite the present problems outlined I do think future studies will be able to use phylogenetic methods, and the increasing body of data available, to test specific hypotheses relating to the underlying mechanisms driving the shape and tempo of language evolution.
Citation: Greenhill SJ, Atkinson QD, Meade A, & Gray RD (2010). The shape and tempo of language evolution. Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society PMID: 20375050
Author James WintersPosted on 8 July, 2010 Categories Research Blogging, ScienceTags 10, change, Citation Greenhill, correlation, evolution, Indo European, language, language change, language evolution, lexicon, linguistics, morphology, Nakh Daghestanian, network, Pacific Rim, Papua New Guinea, phonology, phylogenetics, PMID, QD, Sino Tibetan, South America, structural features, syntax, Thomason Kaufman, Trans New Guinea, typological features, typology, WALS, World Atlas
3 thoughts on "Can linguistic features reveal time depths as deep as 50,000 years ago?"
Pingback: Tweets that mention Can linguistic features reveal time depths as deep as 50,000 years ago? « A Replicated Typo -- Topsy.com
Pingback: Twitted by zoltanvarju
Pingback: Genetic Anchoring, Tone and Stable Characteristics of Language » Gene Expression
Previous Previous post: What we're not talking about
Next Next post: Some Links #7
James Winters
Hannah Little
Bill Benzon
Stefan Hartmann
Michael Pleyer
Christian Kliesch
Rachael Bailes
Richard Littauer
Spurious correlations
Random links | particle linguistics on The computational envelope of language – Once more into the breach
BBenzon on A quick guide to cultural evolution for humanists
Marco Smolla on A quick guide to cultural evolution for humanists
BBenzon on Cultural Evolution, Memes, and the Trouble with Dan Dennett
halil on Systematic reviews 101: Systematic reviews vs. Narrative reviews
Divergence and Reticulation in Cultural Evolution
A quick guide to cultural evolution for humanists
The computational envelope of language – Once more into the breach
Language Evolution at the UK Cognitive Linguistics Conference
Call for Contributions: Public Engagement in Language Evolution session
Replicated Typo Proudly powered by WordPress


Rob, Warrington: I bought a new house on the cheap as I was planning on selling my current one and to "do" my new one up. Clarke came and fitted new bathrooms, walls, windows and they even fitted a conservatory and a brand new kitchen too! Thanks for all the work guys!
Iain, Warrington: I was in need of my house to be refurbished, the walls were water damaged and I needed the bathroom pulling out and replacing. The team at Clarke did a great job and I have a home to be proud of again, cheers.


text:
Home » Uncategorized » US Attorney and Former Advisor To President Clinton To Counsel St.Kitts-Nevis Government On Fincen Advisory
US Attorney and Former Advisor To President Clinton To Counsel St.Kitts-Nevis Government On Fincen Advisory
Prime Minister Harris with Lanny Davis, EVP, LEVICK, former White House special counsel, and US Congressman Eliot Engel
Basseterre, St.Kitts (December 17th 2015):- Well known Washington power broker Lanny Davis has agreed to help St Kitts and Nevis in its efforts to remove the FINCEN Advisory on St Kitts and Nevis. The disclosure was made in Parliament on December 15, 2015, by Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Dr The Hon Timothy Harris.
Dr Harris said that the improper actions of the Douglas government and the distrust of that government by the USA government as publicized in the FINCEN Advisory could not stand. Every effort must be made to overcturn the advisory. Team UNITY will continue its reform efforts of the Citizenship by Investment Unit. He pledged to work with the US government to remove the dark and suspicious stain on the financial space of the country caused by the actions of the Douglas regime.
Mr Davis service comes with no cost to the government of St Kitts and Nevis.


– The FBI is helping Philadelphia police track down thieves who made off with $200,000 after a rooftop break-in late Oct. 25.
According to police, the robbers made their way past a barbed wire fence lining the building's roof, breeched a metal hatch to gain access inside, and broke through a restaurant wall. They then cut through solid steel bars to get inside the cage that housed Quang Minh Jewelry's vault, and used a large masonry drill to plow through three layers of steel separated by two 6-inch layers of concrete to break into the safe.
Police are investigating the surveillance system to see if it provides any clues to the identities of the suspects. Anyone with any information should contact the authorities.
The Jewelers Security Alliance's Manual of Jewelry Security maintains that when installed and maintained, a video security system can be an important crime deterrent, and can be of great assistance to law enforcement in identifying and prosecuting criminals. A jeweler should test his or her system regularly, assign an employee with daily video system operational system responsibility, replace worn out tapes at regular intervals, and have multiple cameras depending on the size and configuration of your premises.
– Two men armed with automatic weapons wearing masks and bulletproof vests stormed an El Paseo, Calif., jewelry store Oct. 26 and made off with an undisclosed amount of jewelry.
The men ordered employees and customers of Leeds & Son Fine Jewelers to the floor during the early afternoon, grabbed merchandise, avoided at least one shot from the store's security guard, before fleeing to their getaway car. The stolen white Honda was abandoned a mile from the scene.
Police are still investigating the crime, and the suspects remain at large. According to local news reports, this is the second robbery at Leeds & Son in three months.
The Manual suggests jewelers obey the orders of robbers. Do not say or do anything, or even raise your hands, unless told to do so. "Cooperate fully and try not to panic," according to the Manual.
– Police in Orland Park, Ill., are looking for two men wanted for the armed robbery of a local jewelry store on Oct. 25.
Two other male suspects were taken into police custody after the robbery at Jewelry Gems and Design. They have not been charged with any crime yet. No one was injured in the robbery.
Police said the store owner reported that three men had made off with an undisclosed amount of merchandise after brandishing a handgun and demanding jewelry and cash.
One of the suspects is described as black, about 5-foot-11, 250 pounds, with facial hair, wearing a dark-colored baseball cap, dark blue short-sleeve shirt, and blue jeans. The other is described as black, 6-foot-2, 220 pounds, with facial hair, wearing a dark-colored baseball cap, and tan long-sleeved sweater.
The suspects could be driving a dark blue, newer model four-door Chevrolet Malibu with no front license plate and a rear Indiana dealer plate.
Anyone with information should contact Orland Park police at 708-349-4111.
The JSA suggests trying to memorize all the locations touched by the robbers so that jewelers can advise the police about possible fingerprint evidence when they arrive. Do not wipe or try to clean the cases or other surfaces, or otherwise disturb the crime scene before police arrive. Also try to keep all witnesses present until the police respond.


text:
The Calgary Herald's Q. Blog was an online community where young Calgarians discussed what mattered most to them. It was a group blog, consisting of 20-somethings and 30-somethings from all walks of life, offering non-establishment opinions on the news, politics, entertainment, sports and life in Calgary. It was based off a similar program from a Seattle newspaper and complimented the in-print Q: Queries, Quibbles, Quirks section where other OP/ED columns were run.
This page will act as an online archive of all the pieces that I had written, since most of the work disappeared when Canwest entered bankruptcy protection in 2009 and sold off the newspaper arm to a group of creditors, ultimately forming what's known as the Postmedia Network today.
While most of the things I wrote were online exclusives, some of the pieces were teased in print afterwards. Those that were are noted below with links to scans of those issues on the Calgary Herald Online Archives via ProQuest.
NOTE: Links to PressReader or ProQuest are subscription based and may require an account to access their services. Check your local library to see if they may have made arrangements with these services for free access for those in the communities they serve. If you're in the Calgary area, you can access the entire Calgary Herald online archive via the Calgary Public Library with a valid CPL card (which is now free!) or at any CPL location using their internet connection (as access to these resources are also IP based).
Calgary Herald, Tuesday, April 24, 2007, Page A13
Calgary Herald, Wednesday, December 5, 2007, Page A2
Calgary Herald, Tuesday, December 11, 2007, Page A15
Calgary Herald, Friday, May 18, 2007, Page A25
Calgary Herald, Monday, March 19, 2007, Page A17
Hate the stress of hockey? Give lacrosse a try – Sunday April 13, 2008 (Archive.org)
Flames Time! It's beginning to feel a lot like… – Wednesday April 9, 2008 (Archive.org)
I refuse to gloat – Tuesday April 4, 2008 (Archive.org)
When to boo the Flames – Tuesday December 4, 2007 (Archive.org)
One Laptop per Child initiative worthy of Christmas-time support – Tuesday December 4, 2007 (Archive.org | Print Tease: Newspapers.com)
"Reginald Tiangha lauds the One Laptop Per Child development project." (Calgary Herald, Page A2, December 5, 2007 via ProQuest)
"Reginald Tiangha writes that the One Laptop per Child project is worthy of Christmastime support. In a world and culture where books are hard to find or expensive to obtain, providing children the means to access the wealth of information that is available for free seems like a winning idea." (Calgary Herald, Page A15, December 11, 2007 via ProQuest)
Sea of…Pink? – Thursday June 28, 2007 – 22:59 (Archive.org)
Transit problem? Check. What's next? – Wednesday May 30, 2007 – 21:05
Microsoft's 'free' seminar just a sales pitch – Thursday May 17, 2007 – 9:45
"Reginald Tiangha attended Microsoft's Future of the Server Room Tour '07 TechNet at Paramount Chinook, hoping for a discussion on the issues IT pros face on the horizon. Unfortunately, digging deeper into the descriptions and attending the presentations, he found about five per cent discussion of issues and 95 per cent product showcase." (Calgary Herald, Page A25, May 18, 2007 via ProQuest)
The Flames did not deserve to win – Monday, April 23, 2007
"Reginald Tiangha eulogizes the Flames' season, saying that despite the Detroit Red Wings being consistently the stronger team, everyone should take this as a learning experience and remember this entire season was a moment of transition from one system to another." (Calgary Herald, Page A13, April 24, 2007 via ProQuest)
Re: End the transit strike before it begins – Sunday, April 22, 2007 – 15:09
The beginning of the end for DRM? – Tuesday, April 2, 2007 – 21:56
In defence of Jim Playfair – Saturday, March 17, 2007 – 23:13
"Reginald Tiangha writes that with the whole town calling for Calgary Flames head coach Jim Playfair's head, he finds himself in the minority. Flames fans shouldn't panic — while the team has not looked good at all, firing a coach this late in the season would be counterproductive, and may not solve anything." (Calgary Herald, Page A19, March 26, 2007 via ProQuest)
Re: Flames fight for playoff positions, fans fight to watch their team – Tuesday, March 13, 2007 – 17:04
"Reginald Tiangha says that although last week's grassroots campaign by Flames faithful to get the March 17 Minnesota Wild vs. Calgary Flames game televised failed, the NHL should really reconsider how it divides Saturday games for Canadian teams — so that Flames fans do not get the short end of the stick due to CBC exclusivity." (Calgary Herald, Page A17, March 19, 2007 via ProQuest)
Flames fight for playoff positions, fans fight to watch their team – Tuesday March 5, 2007 – 22:00
Can't Stop Talking About Craig Conroy – Tuesday, January 30, 2007 – 11:56
Labour crunch becoming mundane – Monday, December 11, 2006 – 9:25
Reggie's (Digital) Box of Newspaper/Print Clippings from the last 20 years
A Tribute to Lori Stewart, An Awesome Calgarian
Experimenting with eBook Creation


You can choose from over 40 AS and A Level subjects - the widest range of full and part-time Advanced Level courses across North Wales and all combined with the Welsh Baccalaureate.
Every year, our students achieve outstanding academic results, including a 98.6% pass rate in all A Level subjects in 2017, and gain places at universities throughout the UK. You may also be able to combine AS/A Levels with vocational Level 3 subjects (BTECs).
You'll be well looked after during your time at college. Your Personal Tutor will help you settle into college life and will plan and review your progress to ensure you reach your goals. Our dedicated Learner Services staff can also provide advice and guidance about a range of issues, including: additional study support, financial matters, careers advice and confidential counselling services. Our colleges are also involved in the Welsh Government's Seren Network initiative, which is designed to support high achievers to reach their full academic potential and gain access to leading universities.
Nearly a quarter of students achieving an A* or A grade.
Choose to study with us, and you will benefit from state-of-the-art equipment and real-life working environments. Plus, when you are not in class, you can make use of various facilities, including libraries, sports centres & gym, or relax with a coffee in one of our many cafés and canteens.
The skills you develop at college, such as communication, time management, independence, team work, social skills and work-experience, will make you more employable and prepared for the world of work or higher education.
You will make new friends, and gain access to a range of college clubs.
A Levels provide you with valuable UCAS points which enable you to apply for a range of degree courses at many institutions, including top universities across the UK. Previous students have gone on to study at Oxford and Cambridge and other prestigious Russell Group universities.


The ONLY online interior home design site on the web! Decorate your house online by selecting from our catalog of dream rooms from our online room designers. Home decorating ideas for every room of your home!


text:
Research Papers Examples
Home Research Papers ➞ Afghanistan, strengthening militant Islamic groups. The president responded to
Afghanistan, strengthening militant Islamic groups. The president responded to
admin October 7, 2019 0 comment
Afghanistan, just like Cuba, was
a trap for the Soviet Union and another example of détente. The United States
would let the country fall into the hands of the communists, and then threaten
the communist government by invading Afghanistan. The Afghans would then call
the Soviet Union for help and the Soviets would send their troops into there,
just like what happened to Cuba. The West would start training Afghan individuals
to invade the country from Pakistan. Jihadists were encouraged to create
terrorist organizations to the point where it seems that they will take over Afghanistan.
The Soviets would then invade and occupy Afghanistan, once again falling into the
same trap that they fell into in Cuba. In an interview with Zbigniew
Brzezinski, who served as a counselor to President Lyndon B. Johnson, he
stated, "We didn't push the Russians to intervene, but we knowingly increased
the probability that they would…That secret operation was an excellent idea. It
had the effect of drawing the Soviets into the Afghan trap…The day that the
Soviets officially crossed the border, I wrote to President Carter 'We now have
the opportunity of giving to the Soviet Union its Vietnam War'". Brzezinski
viewed the end of the Soviet empire as worth the cost of strengthening militant
Islamic groups. The president responded to the Soviet move forcefully, by
imposing economic sanctions on the Soviet Union, taking a series of steps to stimulate
containment, and calling for a considerable increase in US defense spending.
altered viewpoints of the Soviet Union's foreign policy and the country's
portrayal in the world. As the war and glasnost, Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of
open discussion of political and social issues, revealed the past, especially
the expenses of superpower status and the failure of the country to stay in the
game, the war became an ideal indication for those arguing for the withdrawal
from Afghanistan. Afghanistan struck the Soviets while they were already in chaos.
The series of moral crises, political breakdown, and economic bankruptcy created
an overall far more unstable situation for the Soviets. The war, without a
doubt, lead to the final downfall of an already dying détente. The collapse of
the Soviet Union itself in 1991 and the policies that came into play by
Gorbachev's reforms that he proved unable to control were surely anti-climactic
as far as the Cold War is concerned. By the time the Soviet Union vanished, the
Cold War itself was already history, and the West was the resulting victor.Afghanistan, just like Cuba, was
Cold War itself was already history, and the West was the resulting victor.
Analyzing performance of banking sector in Pakistan
The Economic Quest for the Development of Cuba Introduction
The days as new awarenesses of the discovery were
On a decade later, the Islamic State militant group
Islamic banking refers to a system of banking that complies with Islamic law also known as Shariah law
p.p1 viewer a spectatorship that is both engaged –
In professional expertise and endowed with specific attributes; the
Free Critical Thinking
Socialisation within both the family unit and society in general
Facts about Alexander the Great 1
Family provides people with important relationships in their life
A Feedback on William Jennings Bryan To begin with
It is important to take into account the health and safety requirements that are put in place to ensure the safety of the children
KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN FACULTEIT LETTEREN Master in de culturele studies Bertolt Brecht on theatre Techniques
Nikki Maharath ENC 1101 Tuesday/Thursday 11
| Buzmag By Buzthemes.
I'm Alfred!


Honey Bunches of Oats is taking two signature breakfast plates and turning them into cereal. Introducing the limited-edition Chicken & Waffle and Maple Bacon Donut flavors!
Yes, meat-flavored cereals are coming. To take things up a notch, the Chicken & Waffle cereal will look like mini chicken drumsticks and waffles, while the Maple Bacon Donut is shaped like mini donuts.
Unfortunately (or fortunately, depending on your taste), these Honey Bunches of Oats varieties will only be available for a limited time. They'll be sold exclusively in roughly 2,000 Walmart stores for National Cereal Day on March 7th for $2.98 per box. And when they say limited-edition, they mean it — once they're gone, they're gone.
So mark your calendars if you've ever dreamed of pouring your brunch into a cereal bowl or snacking on chicken and waffles on the go.
Is GM's Italian Fiero Sized Disaster Turning Into A True Classic?


How Can Paralysis Be Cured?
Rehabilitation and training help in all types of paralysis by strengthening pathways and recruiting alternate ones to bypass the injury.
Considerable current research is being done on the cause of the paralysis. Curing the actual disease is almost always the treatment of first choice.
One promising treatment for strokes and tumors involves regrowing neurons by taking cells that have been reprogrammed to be neural stem cells and doing autologous transplants derived from the person's own tissue put into the damaged region.
Other research efforts involve the use of growth factors to stimulate regeneration in damaged brain areas.
Prosthetics may be used to alleviate paralysis by capturing the high-level neural signal for movement, bypassing the injury, and stimulating movement closer to the muscle, or by capturing high-level motor command signals and performing body movements with mechanical devices, such as prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons that magnify with motors the force exerted by our limbs, or that respond to brain commands for movement recorded by electrodes.


text:
Photo: Veikko Kähkönen
The world-famous Finnish conductor Hannu Lintu knows what it takes to lead top professionals to create a perfect ensemble. Reconciling cultural differences and different levels of experience is done with skill and knowledge - the conductor must be both a tactician and a strategist.
Passion guides the story of many successful professionals, regardless of industry. Hard work and a love of doing your own, combined with talent, form a strong wholeness that takes you to the top. Hannu Lintu, chief conductor of the Radio Symphony Orchestra (RSO), is a good example of this.
- I do not know any conductor with an international career who would have drifted or decided at an older age to become a conductor. The seed is sown at a very early stage when you play as a child in orchestras and fall in love with the sounds around you, Lintu says.
It's about lifestyle, not just work. Lintu is practically equal to music 365 days a year.
- This is a total profession, because music spins in my head all the time. I am reading scores at home, studying the songs that I have or haven't done in the past. In addition to this, there are rehearsals and performances around the world. In the spring, Covid-19 stretched the performance break to five months, and I realized how big part of my own psychophysical being my work is to me.
A musical miracle must happen at a concert.
All passions always get the first sparks from somewhere. In music, perhaps from a single song or melody. Lintu's childhood home in Rauma, Finland was not musical.
- There was records and a radio played at home, but I ended up with music really after hearing my friends' older siblings play the piano. I was 6 years old when I started paying attention and watching what was going on at that instrument.
In the 1970s, a piano dealers toured Rauma. Lintu's parents unexpectedly decided to get that instrument, even though the money was tight at the time.
- They could have bought, for example, a sofa or a table, but ended up with a piano. My parents were surprised at how much I already knew about the notes and playing the piano. I started getting piano lessons, went to the Music College and music class, and joined the Rauma Boys' Choir.
Energy, strength of will and dedication
In the case of Hannu Lintu, one of the early memories of his current profession is related to the Finnish conductor and composer Leif Segerstam. Lintu was 12 years old when he saw Segerstam leading the orchestra at the Savonlinna Opera Festival.
- At that moment, I realized that the whole thing would not go anywhere without the conductor's energy, strength of will and dedication. Such experiences gradually grow in the subconscious, they accumulate and turn into a systematic activity, after which one begins to study to become a conductor.
- I wanted to make a lot of music, but at that age I still couldn't think of conductor as a profession. I sang, played piano and cello, and wanted to learn as much about music as possible.
Lintu studied orchestral conducting under the tutelage of Atso Almila, until he transferred to the conductor class under the teachings of well-known professors Jorma Panula and Eri Klas, as well as Ilja Musini, who was the visiting teacher.
- It is often said that orchestral conducting cannot be taught. This is true and not true. The truth of this is in the sense that if there is no will, charisma, and the quality to get things done and know how to let them happen, it cannot be taught. If these qualities are found, technical matters can be taught and talent focused in the right way. Each of these teachers had their own different way of teachin
Masters support the younger ones
The skills learned play an important role, but in the end, each artist makes his or her own decisions. A conductor is a leader who creates, directs, and is responsible for the ensemble.
- In this work, I have to master psychology, that is, how I deal with different people in a training situation. My job is to get the best out of musicians, the music I play, and myself. Learning to form a perfect ensemble takes years and it requires that you be allowed to lead your own orchestras as chief conductor, Lintu emphasizes.
- Forming solid relationships with orchestras also teaches many things outside of orchestra conducting. These include, for example, repertory design and the idea of what is the current situation and the future of the orchestra. In that case, you have to be a tactician and a strategist at the same time.
This is a total profession, because music spins in my head all the time.
The work itself is very concentrated and energy demanding.
- The conductor must be able to organize the use of time in a rehearsal situation so that he moves forward all the time and no one gets frustrated. In a concert situation, he must be inspiring and be able to take the ensemble to a musically even higher level. A musical miracle must happen at a concert.
The age range of musicians is often large, as the youngest may be 18 years old and the oldest 70 years old. Different levels of experience support each other.
- The structure of the orchestras is based on the master and competition structure. More experienced musicians support younger ones. For example, we don't have feedback conversations familiar from the business world, but musicians may go through these things with each other.
- The orchestra also goes through its possible mutual challenges internally. Conversations between a conductor and a musician do not take place in the same way as in the world of sports, for example, between a coach and an athlete, but there must also be readiness for such situations.
Orchestras have their own identity
Lintu has conducted many orchestras of top professionals around the world in his career. In Finland, he has previously worked as the artistic director of the Turku City Orchestra and the Tampere Philharmonic.
- All the orchestras that I have led in my career, have been very different and each has been, of course, also a variety of issues to be resolved. At the beginning of my career, I wasn't very good at solving problems, because I was stubborn, impatient and hit my head against the wall. With experience and age, I learned that things always take time, Lintu says.
- Each orchestra has its own strong identity that can be difficult to change. The conductor can adjust the details on a concert-by-concert basis and, in the long run, make the orchestra play better. It takes same time to learn that orchestras must be allowed to be as they are.
It is important for a conductor to know cultures, but the primary importance is to always be oneself.
This year, Lintu has led abroad e.g. Chicago and Boston Symphony Orchestras, Paris Orchestra and the London Philharmonic.
- As a visiting conductor, there is often two to three days to complete the program. Often in the first rehearsals, the musicians playing suggest different options for how they would like to do the work that time, Bird explains.
- The task of the conductor is to combine ideas from all these proposals, combine thoughts with his or her own views and sift through what is most functional. This creates an entity from which the listener senses an intact and thoughtful performance.
Photo: Jussi Särkilahti
Cultural knowledge and interpersonal skills
Working with professional artists from different cultural backgrounds requires a broad understanding and strong interpersonal skills. Almost everywhere - including Finland - the working language is English.
- Japan is different from America and France is different from England. Ways of social interaction, sense of humor, and interpersonal chemistry associated with the practice vary. It is important for a conductor to know cultures, but the primary importance is to always be oneself, Bird emphasizes.
He has worked in his current position as Chief Conductor of the RSO since the fall of 2013. The work will continue until June next year, after which Lintu will become the chief conductor of the Finland's National Opera and Ballet in January 2022.
- Opera has always been very important to me and I have experienced it very inspiring sector. I've gotten over the years to make the opera, but it has been relatively limited, although it has always been a big part of my identity. In a way, I feel like I'm starting a new career, but I'm doing it in an already familiar environment.
It takes same time to learn that orchestras must be allowed to be as they are.
In 2015, Lintu received the Pro Finlandia medal and in October 2017 the Finland award. In August 2020, the city of Rauma awarded him the Ruorimiehet medal. In addition, have won several international awards, including the prestigious Gramophone award in 2018.
Currently, Lintu and RSO are nominated for the U.S. Grammy Music Award for the second year in a row. A year ago, the nomination came in the Best Classical Music Collection series, this year they are included on their Lutoslawski album in the Orchestral Recording Series.
- The artist who is actively performing and on display mostly gets a lot of criticism, so of course the confessions are important to me. All clearly sincere thanks bring joy and give energy.
The world of music is so wide and varied that learning something new will continue in the future, but can a conductor ever be ready?
- You can't, because the number of things you can learn from the point of view of work is endless. And even if you have learned something, you can develop it after learning it. You can always find something new also in familiar works, Lintu says.
Hannu Lintu
Chief Conductor of the Radio Symphony Orchestra
Born in Rauma, Finland in 1967
Lives in Helsinki, Finland
Selected the winner of the 2020 Finlandia Prize for Fiction from among six works selected by the jury. Anni Kytömäki won the prize worth 30,000 euros for her novel Margarita (Gummerus)
Awards and nominations e.g.
Grammy nomination (Orchestral Recording Series, 2020)
Ruorimiehet medal (2020)
Emma Award (Classical Music, 2018)
Grammy nomination (Best Classical Music Collection Series, 2019)
Gramophone Music Publication Audio Award (2018)
Finland Award (2017)
Emma Award (Classic Album of the Year, 2015)
Pro Finlandia Medal (2015)


text:
Macropanelus är ett släkte av skalbaggar. Macropanelus ingår i familjen bladhorningar.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Externa länkar

Bladhorningar
Macropanelus