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Hi Score girl – Japanese video game culture anime viewed by a 'pc gamer' & Judoka
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8963328/mediaviewer/rm2132437760
Hi Score Girl a tv series on mini 15-20 minute episode I was not expecting to like but ended up watching the full first season of. Really this autoethnographic experience became more about Japanese video games culture then Japanese culture in general. This anime follow Haruo Yaguchi as he goes through school trying to play as many video games as possible with as few negative consequences as possible. Haruo is very good at street fighter and quite often is obvious to other things:
This is Haruo talking to Hidaka after she had been clearly changing her plans multiple times to be hanging out with Haruo
The fact that the show had been dubbed into English but the subtitles had been done directly from the Japanese and were not a word for word reflection of the the dubbed words made for some interesting discrepancies.
This is definitely something worth noticing as part of the experience, but something that shouldn't detract from the study of culture through this show as most of the cultural indicators are non verbal especially when you don't understand the original language. Also worth noting in this regard the main female becoming love interest Akira Ono is entirely non verbal for all of the show I have watched.
This show generally consists of Haruos internal monologue and sounds and conversations he participates in. Each episode generally covers a school break period or a large portion of a school year. The shows explain time progressions with significant gaming events and sometimes US political announcements changes. The shows demonstrates a wide variety of games that the characters dabble in but the core story line is following the fighting game scene and character progression and prowess in each of these games.
While I have played thousands of hours of games on my computer and not all that much on consoles due to controllers being not so great to use with 7 fingers and arcades not really being the thing to do with my friends growing up I don't have all that much street fighter experience.
My own personal experience of Japanese culture is very disciplined meticulously routined training and education (eg Monday training session identical training program every Monday) with little room for error while coaches/teachers are watch and the kid of mucking around and jokes you can expect from any teenager when their is no authoritative figures around. This show takes a look at entirely different element of Japanese culture I have not explored really only knowing people and having experience Japanese judo culture. There are definitely crossovers to what I had expected in the school scene but it was interesting seeing new elements of Japanese culture.
The fact that schools had people roaming around to ensure students weren't participating in 'unsavoury activities' which included playing video games was interesting and added almost another level to what I had seen before. However in spite of this we see Haruo continually willing to push boundaries to play the games he wants to is much as possible just like I did as a kid. What's probably less different then I thought as a kid who was always reasonably academically smart my grades didn't suffer for my lack of care so my parents didn't mind me playing games as long as I continued to stay up to date.
The largest cultural difference I observe looking back on it is how free the kids are to do their own thing , with the general exception of Akira all the other characters in the holidays and breaks at ~11 years old where wandering around and organising their own gatherings and activities wherever they wanted to go. I am unsure however if this is just to facilitate the nostalgia element of the show. The show is clearly aimed at people who nostalgic to the games showcased throughout the show, even without looking at the show its rating is a good indicator its not meant for people the same age as these fast ageing and phasing characters as they experience games culture and ignore 90% of the rest of these kids lives. Like Haruos best friend clearly being Kotaro but we have no background as to how that happened really just that the go to the same school and hang out together at the gaming arcades.
https://hiscoregirl.fandom.com/wiki/Miyao_Kōtarō?file=Miyao_Koutarou_01.png
In this show the only time Haruo gives up games is when he studies his brains out trying to get into the same high school as Akira, ultimately falling short but still making it into his backup school with Kotaro. This allows the show to explain the cultural phenomena of being disconnected and how quickly the Japanese fighting game culture moved from one game to the next as now Haruo's skills were greatly deteriorated and he is basically relearning everything he has forgotten showcasing what I would mostly have expected as core to the Japanese culture of working hard to achieve your goals and if you stop working you will fall behind. As lots of people through judo Japanese and not understand there's always someone else working hard and if you don't strive to work harder you will fall behind as Haruo does here both in school and games after his split focus.
The only other thing I have to add from this experience is how it was cool to see Akira having just as much of an impact as anyone else in the show and normally more than everyone else on Haruo without ever speaking a word. It makes me wonder if it is common for someone people to not speak much and this has been exaggerated here to emphasis the fact they can still say heaps without saying a word.
Overall it was interesting to see a new less disciplined traditionally disciplined side to a Japanese culture but also still see those elements as characters commit themselves to things whether it is bettering themselves at schoolwork of gaming they find every way to optimise themselves and become their own biggest critics which I think really resonates my past experience of high performing Japanese athletes. However maybe that's me putting my ideas onto these characters but I think it really is just a new application of many of the typically Japanese routines I have seen and experienced in the past through Judo.
Cake – A Pakistani family drama movie
This week we watched the movie Cake which is a 2018 Pakistani movie. This movie had lots of family drama but also felt like not much happened in its just over 2 hour runtime. The movie follow a very wealth family and their happening starting with the hospitalisation of their father and his at Home care and ultimately ends with the deaths of their mother, uncovering family secrets and to me what seems to be everyone having more unresolved issues than at the start.
This is really the first movie I'm not 100% sure what's going on in for most of the time. I think it has to do with the massive increase in dialogue over the last two week and potentially the importance of the music seemingly through this movie. Music that I cannot understand unless it is the only thing happening meaning it is subtitled. There was also an interesting mix of English almost randomly throughout this movie.
My first cultural observance of not was Romeo was wearing a cross which I speculated was the reason for him being unable to have a relationship with Zareen. I think this was due to my own christian faith an upbringing it was easily noticeable any attributed due to hearing stories of this being reasons for Vietnamese people being kick out of families
However it just appears that Romeo was seen as less than Zareen because she came from money and he was a poor guy and one who even went to prison for her sister which she didn't know about. so this basically tells me my initial reaction about the cultural represented in this movie were not on point.
Next my expectations were again subverted as the Title of the movie 'Cake' seemed to be far less significant than I have come to expect from western movies.
This may be because I missed some deeper cultural meaning of cake being some kind of representation for the mix of all the people coming together to eventually make something good but I can't seem to find any cultural link there and the end of the movie wasn't exactly a happy resolved ending.
I really think I missed a lot of the cultural and subtle hints about what was happening in this movie throughout due to most of the songs not being subtitled. When the songs were subtitled the words were always very relevant to what was happening on screen in a lyrical sense and I think I missed out on some of the cues a Vietnamese person may have not even noticed they were picking up on throughout the movie.
Honestly I don't think I took much apart for that. I don't understand what is going on at all in Pakistani culture from this movie. It had an element of rich people can avoid anything even the law if their money pays. Rich people still have family problems. Death is unexpected. Hiding something from someone for their own good never really works well. Lying to family causes issues. But these all just seem to be me trying to make sense of what I have seen through my own cultural sense and not seeing what is culturally unique and different coming through in this movie.
Furie – Australian Judoka views Vietnamese Martial Arts Movie
Week two of auto ethnographic studies. This week we watched a type of movie I would probably describe as something I could stumble upon and watch on Netflix. This movie is about a mother who has what seems to be a mob related past who's daughter is kidnapped and she takes down everyone in her way to rescue her daughter.
Hai Phuong is the main character we follow through this story. She is the mother of Mai who is abducted after a brief introduction to all the characters when she angrily wonders away from her mother after an argument in the crowded markets. the rest of the movie Hai is hot on Mai's trail and even comes across her brother who shuns he for leaving the family 10 years ago, despite this she finds Mai just to be beaten up by the head gangsta. She then cons her way out of hospital and gets some police assistance at the very end of the movie to finish of the gangstas saving Mai and all the other children they were trying to traffic out of Vietnam.
Interestingly the movie in Vietnam appears to be named after the main character as below:
this means even before watching this movie it has been adapted to potential attract a larger audience outside of Vietnam. Considering the entire movie was subtitled and not dubbed I do assume this is the only change to the movie from Vietnam to reach a global audience.
Initially I expected to be most intrigued by the way this movie did its fighting scenes both choreography and camerawork wise. This was interesting and well done however basically was just well choreographed fighting (Excluding the clearly not breaking arms breaking -I dislocated my left elbow at the start of the year I can confidently identify what would actually damage an arm and what is normal range of motion based on direction of hand/arm) with smooth good continuous camera shots not what some movies do with a million cuts to distract from bad choreography. But really that's not a cultural things anyone can do that well and some western movies do it just swell if not better.
What really interested me is these busy places basically touching were crime was happening. Criminal behaviour wasn't happening down a few back alleys in the corner but in offices right above crowded streets and trains paced with people. This was a very different representation of the reality of criminal behaviour then is represented in Hollywood movies.
This combined with the start of the movie where it is made very obvious that a group of bystanders had of seen were Mai was taken from a boat across the road infant of them to a minivan you see her in driving past Hai.
Why was this odd for me?
What I bring to understanding this movie:
Western kidnapping movies eg: Taken
growing up in Wollongong without fear of being kidnapped really being a thing
Judo training understanding what would actually throw\injure someone, what wouldn't and generally just feeling quite safe wherever I go
In movies and culture that I was brought up in crime is really just when you travel risk and w only have minor or community acceptable crime (drugs) happening here which is nothing to really bother the average citizen. This is shown through taken:
In Taken the risk is overseas away from the safety of the US the great safe country producing the movie. To even add another step of obstruction the villains aren't even local to the country the daughter is traveling to.
The fact that a movie produced in Vietnam was acknowledging the potential for crime of human trafficking can be happening just out of site is interesting and challenges why we ourself don't look into the real state of crimes locally. It appears in Vietnam movies are a way people can express their opinions or maybe just the reality of crime lucky so close to the surface of Vietnamese culture. While this is shown it was interesting that the brother despite the obvious changes Hai has made to her life is unwilling to help or acknowledge the effect crime has had on Hai despite her trying to distance herself from crime for Mai. Her brother is still more concerned with family, duty and why she wasn't there for him when he wanted her but is unwilling to be there for her.
in summary the movie seemed to be showing me the cultural norm for crime to be ever present, people to be more scared of criminals then helping and then a more what a would see as Chinese in the past values of family and you bringing dishonour/being cast out of the family if you ever stray from the past to not be let back in.
Indonesian movie meets Australian young adult
This week I watch Love for Sale and live-tweeted the experience with my fellow peers of BCM320. Love for Sale is an Indonesia Romantic Comedy that follows Richard's life for a couple of months. Richard is a middle-aged, single, family business owner that is trying to get a date for the upcoming wedding he is attending. First I thought fair enough he is getting a bit old and wants to show some life progress off and present a big image of himself. While this may be true then he received this voice mail:
Netflix screenshot Love for Sale ~ 31 minutes
A message telling him the wedding was soon and he better show up to the date and my brain was just shocked straight away and fired of this tweet
Immediately this was my first real culture shock from the film as I have been to a few other Asian countries where Indonesia was looking to match my expectations from those experiences.
This was completely different from my frame of viewing the world and seemed outrageous to me. I am looking at this from the position of last year being a groomsman at my brother's wedding where only 1 of the 4 groomsmen was even in a relationship. While I have a small slice of experience with Indonesian weddings with my cousin had married someone from Indonesia and not even a hint of this idea was brought up, this made me think maybe this was just an outlier case. but there was not an Indonesian wedding due to the health of his wife's mother and it would be particularly odd to enforce these values on an Australian wedding. Most of the people there were not Indonesian and in a situation like that, you are unlikely to say to someone's face you should be disgraced by not having a date especially to a 21-year-old vs a 41-year-old.
Thinking about the shame/honor culture to the family name and yourself it makes a lot more sense especially that a middle-age man could be a disgrace if he had not met the societal expectations for him at that age. And I don't think in either culture the image below represents the ideal successful man.
IMDB Love for Sale (2018)
Richard is portrayed as lonely, only having one friend and being a strict boss with no real redeeming cultures which is far from the archetypal successful man.
where was I coming from being shocked about having his dignity on the line to get a date?
In the cultural frame, I bring to watching this movie especially when I myself have no plan of dating any time soon. To continue furthering my options in the judo competition realm and traveling where'd that takes me. So for my perspective, if someone tried to tell that to me I would not be having any of it. But from a different cultural perspective of someone raised in Indonesia, it would make a lot more sense for that type of statement to be made.
so basically it is very clear here I was having an emotive response based on what would happen if someone said that to me. However, this seems much more regular and appropriate for this Indonesian culture.


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Going beyond keeping the lights on: a case for local management
Federal IT spending for FY 2011 was an estimated $79.4 billion.
In a recent interview, Dave Powner, one of three IT directors for the US Government Accountability Office (GAO), said about $55 billion of the $80 billion spent on federal IT goes toward steady state systems, while $25 billion goes to new development. Of that $55 billion, Powner said there is opportunity for reduction in operations and maintenance.
At Uplogix, we couldn't agree more — whether you are talking federal or corporate networks. For years, one of the standard industry stats has come from Gartner, stating that 60% of total worldwide IT expenditures goes into IT infrastructure and operations (I&O). Gartner goes on to present 10 suggestions for achieving 10% savings in a year and 25% savings in three years. The key actions in the list supported by Local Management from Uplogix are to "Consolidate I&O" and "Push Down IT Support" through network management automation.
Free up IT staff for innovation, not repetition
Gartners says that I&O accounts for about 50% of total IT headcount, with most involved in day-to-day and tactical operational processes. When it comes to managing networks, many of these talented professionals are spending their time on routine maintenance. While there are many competitors in the network management market, they rely on the network to perform their jobs. As a result, they are limited to monitoring, dashboarding and analysis. In short, they are useful tools for IT staff, but they don't actually DO any of the tasks because of the reliance on the network.
Another Gartner stat is that about 40% of network problems can't be addressed with in-band software tools.
With Local Management, select management functionality is moved to where it is needed most — right where users and managed devices are — on the other side of the WAN, satellite or cellular network or inside of a lights out data center.
This lets IT groups reduce management costs, maintain service levels and ensure secure management practices in the course of day-to-day operations. Uplogix provides the configuration, performance and security management automation functions that are best performed locally.
Virtualization savings = operations cost increases?
The widespread adoption of cloud and virtualized computing in the name of cost savings will have a profound effect on the network and on IT network operations groups. Customer expectations are changing. New requirements are emerging, service levels are becoming more stringent and some time tested strategies for managing costs and ensuring adequate service levels are being invalidated. Trying to use the same old network and network management strategies and tools without Local Management will cause virtualization and cloud initiatives to fail or to incur runaway costs.
In short, virtualization savings on the infrastructure side could simply shift costs over to operations through increased network complexity and the heightened service levels needed. Network management automation like Uplogix is needed to ensure that all devices (physical and virtual) are monitored in real-time with the ability to rapidly identify failures and issues, then automatically perform recovery actions.
Finding the ROI that the GAO is looking for
Obviously, when you are talking about $80 billion of federal IT spending, there is no single solution for savings. When you look at saving money on operations and maintenance, there is a spectrum of solutions to deploy across network applications as different as research labs and battlefields to congressional offices and public service organizations.
Understanding the business case for network support is based on a risk/return calculation that takes into account the cost of downtime compared to the mix of resources spent to avoid downtime. The following chart shows that how much you spend on your resource mix doesn't always equate to the lowest risk.
Check out the Uplogix ROI Calculator online. It has inputs for things like the number of sites and devices managed, the current costs of managing them (both scheduled and unscheduled), as well as sliders to adjust expectations for the value delivered by Uplogix.
By bmoran| 2015-07-01T15:58:23-06:00	September 11th, 2012|Uncategorized|0 Comments
About the Author: bmoran
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We're turning traditional out-of-band management inside out by deploying intelligent monitoring and automation to where network devices are to improve security, performance and availability. It's like having a virtual onsite technician.
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Three towns set to end fire protection deals with Copenhagen FD
By Jeff Cole and Chad Charette
COPENHAGEN, New York (WWNY) - Three Lewis County towns are set to not renew their deals with the Copenhagen fire department for fire protection.
The move by the towns of Pinckney, Harrisburg and Denmark has prompted a special village board meeting tonight, at Copenhagen Central School.
The fire department serves the village - but also provides fire protection to four area towns, Pinckney, Harrisburg, Denmark, and Champion. The contracts are worth thousands of dollars.
The move by three of the four towns - it's not clear what Champion has decided - comes after a state audit last January which revealed $27,000 in fire department payments were inadequately documented.
"Our books are current," fire chief T.J. Williams told 7 News in advance of tonight's meeting. "Our books are 100 percent top notch."
Officials contacted by 7 News declined contact in advance of tonight's meeting. But in the July minutes of the Denmark town board meeting, there is a record of the town board voting 5-0 to "investigate options for fire protection in 2023."
"People just need to wake up and see what the towns are doing," Williams said.
"If the Copenhagen fire department goes down, peoples' taxes are gonna go up."


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text:
Josef Svatopluk Machar (; 1864 – 1942) was a Czech poet and essayist. A leader of the realist movement in Czech poetry and a master of colloquial Czech, Machar was active in anti-Austrian political circles in Vienna. Many of his poems were satires of political and social conditions. In the poetic cycle The Conscience of the Ages (1901–1921), of which Golgotha was the initial volume, he contrasted antique with Christian civilization, favoring the former. His Magdalena (1893, translated into English by Leo Wiener, 1916), a satirical novel in verse, concerns the treatment of women. Both Machar's use of colloquial diction and his skepticism greatly influenced Czech literature and public opinion. He was the father of Sylva Macharová, one of the first Czech nurses and first head of the Czech School of Nursing.

He cooperated with T. G. Masaryk resistance organization Maffie from December 1914.

References

External links

 Several works by Josef Svatopluk Machar on the website of the Municipal Library in Prague (in Czech)

1854 births
1942 deaths
Writers from Kolín
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
Czech Realist Party politicians
Czechoslovak National Democracy politicians
Members of the Revolutionary National Assembly of Czechoslovakia
Czech poets
Czech male poets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In its opinion filed on September 29, 2016, the Court of Appeal of the State of California Second Appellate District Second Division ("Appellate Court") held in a California medical malpractice case involving negligently performed gallbladder surgery that the jury must fix a plaintiff's future earning capacity based on what it is "reasonably probable" she could have earned.
Because the plaintiff in the California medical malpractice case had failed to adduce any evidence to establish that it was "reasonably probable" she could have obtained employment as an attorney or any evidence on the earnings of lawyers, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that the jury's $730,000 award for lost earning capacity was not supported by substantial evidence.
The plaintiff was a senior at the University of Southern California (USC) in January 2012 and was planning to apply to law school to fulfill her passion to be a human rights lawyer. On February 6, 2012, the plaintiff, who had experienced sharp abdominal pains over the prior few years, had surgery to remove her gallbladder. The surgery was supposed to be minimally invasive by making a small incision in her abdomen, placing a hollow tube into the incision, introducing a small camera and the necessary surgical instruments into her abdomen through the tube, and then conducting the surgery.
While inserting the tube, the defendant surgeon nicked a vein and caused substantial internal bleeding. In order to repair the vein, extract the blood, and remove the plaintiff's gallbladder, the attending physicians cut a six-inch opening in her abdomen. Although her gallbladder was successfully removed, the more invasive surgery necessitated an additional four weeks in the hospital, including a week in the intensive care unit. The saturation of the plaintiff's digestive organs in her blood caused adhesions to form on and around those organs, which has resulted in pain, bloating, and dysfunction in her digestive tract.
The plaintiff filed her California medical malpractice lawsuit against the surgeon who nicked her vein and the hospital where the surgery occurred. During the California medical malpractice trial in May 2015, the plaintiff testified that she was able to return to school and graduate from USC in the spring of 2012, despite having to use an electric wheelchair.
The plaintiff applied to and was accepted by four law schools and was to begin classes in the fall of 2013. The plaintiff requested and was granted a medical deferment of her start date.
The plaintiff's internal medicine expert testified at trial that the plaintiff's ongoing gastrointestinal problems would likely be with her for the rest of her life and that she will continue to suffer pain, require medical evaluations, require medication, and may at some point require an emergent surgical operation for an acute abdominal event. The plaintiff's expert further opined that these consequences would certainly impact her lifestyle decisions, including career choice and education.
The California medical malpractice jury returned a special verdict finding that the defendants were negligent and awarded the plaintiff a total of $1,045,000 in damages: $285,000 in past economic loss, $730,000 in future economic loss, $15,000 for past non-economic loss, and $15,000 for future non-economic loss.
In response to post-trial motions filed by the parties, the trial judge stated that there was virtually no evidence to support the jury's $285,000 award of lost earnings prior to verdict and that the jury's award of $730,000 for the plaintiff's loss of earning capacity was speculative and excessive because there was no evidence whatsoever of the compensation earned by graduates of any law school, much less the law school plaintiff chose to attend, or compensation of any attorneys, no matter how experienced. With respect to the jury's award of non-economic damages, the trial judge concluded that the jury's meager award of $30,000 total for past and future pain and suffering was grossly inadequate in light of evidence of the excruciating pain she would have to endure on a daily basis for the rest of her life. The defendants appealed.
The Appellate Court held that the jury must look to the earning capacity of the career choices that the plaintiff had a reasonable probability of achieving. Where the plaintiff is not already fitted and qualified for the career she seeks to use to define her earning capacity, the plaintiff must demonstrate a reasonable probability that she would have become fit and qualified for that career. If she does, the jury will have a reasonable basis of computing what the plaintiff could have earned by looking to what persons in that career can earn.
The Appellate Court stated that using the "reasonable certainty standard" for assessing a plaintiff's entitlement to loss of earning capacity damages while using the less onerous reasonable probability standard for assessing the extent of those damages dovetails neatly with the venerable principle that where the fact of damages is certain, the amount of damages need not be calculated with absolute certainty. Where a young plaintiff's injury prevents him or her from pursuing a specific career, courts have generally required some proof that the plaintiff is far along in his or her training or experience. Where she adduces such proof, courts have looked to that career's earnings to fix lost earning capacity.
The Appellate Court stated that once the jury has determined which career options are reasonably probable for the plaintiff to achieve, the jury values the earning capacity of those careers (1) by the testimony of an expert witness, (2) by the testimony of lay witnesses, including the plaintiff, or (3) by proof of the plaintiff's prior earnings in that same career.
Nonetheless, the Appellate Court held that the plaintiff in the case it was deciding did not prove she was likely to become fit and qualified to be a lawyer (the plaintiff failed to to adduce evidence on her fitness for any career). Furthermore, absent her injury, the plaintiff would have started law school in the fall of 2013 and would still have been a law student by the time of trial in May 2015. Thus, there was no evidence of lost earnings prior to trial.
The Appellate Court stated that with respect to the prospective loss of earning capacity, the plaintiff presented sufficient evidence that she was reasonably certain to suffer some loss of earning capacity due to the perpetual pain, bloating, and dysfunction of her digestive tract caused by the negligently performed surgery. However, the plaintiff did not introduce evidence establishing a reasonable probability that she could have become qualified and fitted to earn a lawyer's salary: absent from the record is any evidence of her likelihood of graduating from law school, her likelihood of passing the Bar, or her likelihood of obtaining a job as a lawyer. Plaintiff also adduced no evidence as to what lawyers earn.
Source Licudine v. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, B268130.
If the medical treatment you or a loved one received (or failed to receive) in a hospital in California or in another U.S. state may have fell below the required standard of care and caused harm to you or your loved one, you or your loved one may have the basis for a medical malpractice claim to seek compensation for the injuries that were sustained.
Visit our website to be connected with medical malpractice lawyers in California or in your U.S. state who may assist you in bringing a medical malpractice claim against a hospital.
This entry was posted on Saturday, October 8th, 2016 at 5:20 am. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


text:
Motörhead were a British heavy metal band from London. Formed in 1975, the group originally featured former Hawkwind bassist and vocalist Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister, former Pink Fairies guitarist and vocalist Larry Wallis, and drummer Lucas Fox. The band went through several lineup changes, before settling on its final incarnation of Lemmy, guitarist Phil Campbell and drummer Mikkey Dee in 1995. Motörhead disbanded upon Lemmy's death on 28 December 2015.

History

1975–1982
Bassist and vocalist Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister was sacked from space rock group Hawkwind in May 1975, after he was arrested for suspected possession of cocaine (later determined to be amphetamines) during a North American concert tour. After moving back to London, Lemmy quickly formed Motörhead (named after the final song he wrote for Hawkwind) with guitarist Larry Wallis and drummer Lucas Fox. By December, Fox had been replaced by Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor after his performances had been deemed "unreliable" during early recording sessions. Taylor re-recorded all songs the band had tracked earlier (with the exception of "Lost Johnny", following an arrest which prevented him from being able to get to the studio in time), which were later issued in 1979 as On Parole.

In March 1976, Motörhead auditioned "Fast" Eddie Clarke, a friend of Taylor's, as an intended second guitarist; however, after rehearsing just one song as a four-piece, Wallis decided to leave and Clarke took over as the sole guitarist. The lineup of Lemmy, Clarke and Taylor became known as the "classic Motörhead lineup", releasing five successful studio albums between 1977 and 1982 including Ace of Spades. Prior to any of these releases, however, the group almost broke up in April 1977 due to poor reviews of their live shows and little to no interest from record companies. They remained together though, and their self-titled debut album followed in August.

1982–1995
After a string of successful releases, Clarke left Motörhead in May 1982 due to his disapproval with the recording of the EP Stand by Your Man with singer Wendy O. Williams. His place was soon taken by former Thin Lizzy guitarist Brian "Robbo" Robertson, initially to complete the touring cycle, after which he accepted a full-time role with the band. Robertson only remained for a year and a half, however, playing his last show on 11 November 1983 before leaving the band. In subsequent interviews, Lemmy claimed that working with Robertson on Another Perfect Day as "fucking torture", as well as criticising him for "dress[ing] like a cunt" on stage.

Motörhead became a quartet for the first time in their history at the beginning of 1984, when both Michael "Würzel" Burston and Phil "Wizzö" Campbell were hired to take over Robertson's place in the band, following a string of auditions. The new lineup recorded a new version of "Ace of Spades" for the TV series The Young Ones in February, after which Taylor also left the band. He was replaced by Pete Gill, formerly of Saxon. After recording four new tracks for the No Remorse compilation and issuing one full-length album, Orgasmatron, Phil Taylor returned to Motörhead in March 1987 to replace Gill, who left "by mutual agreement ... for business reasons". Lemmy would later claim that Gill had tried to get him fired from Motörhead.

With "Philthy Animal" Taylor back on drums, Motörhead released Rock 'n' Roll in 1987 and 1916 in 1991. After recording just one song for the band's 1992 follow-up March ör Die, however, he was fired, with Lemmy later explaining that "I would never have fired Phil if he had been pulling his weight, but he wasn't, and I couldn't make him do it." Much of the rest of the album's recording was completed by session drummer Tommy Aldridge, most recently departed from Whitesnake.

1995–2015

Towards the end of sessions for March ör Die, former King Diamond drummer Mikkey Dee was brought in to take over from Phil Taylor, initially on a temporary basis but soon as a permanent replacement. He featured only on the album's lead single, "Hellraiser". With Dee in place, Bastards and Sacrifice followed in quick succession. After the recording of the latter finished in early 1995, Motörhead went through its final lineup change when guitarist Würzel left the band, which Lemmy claimed "became clearer every day" during the sessions. Following his departure, Würzel was not replaced and Motörhead returned to their "classic" three-piece setup.

The lineup of Lemmy, Phil Campbell and Mikkey Dee remained constant from 1995 to 2015, the longest in the band's history. During summer 2003, Campbell was substituted at two shows by former Danzig guitarist Todd Youth after his mother had died, before joining him for a third date and performing as a four-piece. In September 2009, former Guns N' Roses and Velvet Revolver drummer Matt Sorum filled in for Dee, who took part in the Swedish TV show Kändisdjungeln. Lemmy later cited a "breakdown in communication" as the reason for Dee's absence, explaining that "Our management didn't know that he'd signed up for this when they booked the tour."

On 28 December 2015, Lemmy died of what was later revealed to be prostate cancer, cardiac arrhythmia and congestive heart failure. The next day, Mikkey Dee confirmed that "Motörhead is over, of course," adding that "Lemmy was Motörhead." Several other former members of the band have also died – Michael "Würzel" Burston on 9 July 2011, Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor on 11 November 2015, "Fast" Eddie Clarke on 10 January 2018, and Larry Wallis on 19 September 2019.

Members

Official

Backup

Timeline

Lineups

References

External links
Motörhead official website

Motörhead


text:
Partly cloudy early with increasing clouds overnight. Low 33F. Winds light and variable..
It's official: CRW now West Virginia International Yeager Airport
By RICK STEELHAMMER rsteelhammer@hdmediallc.com
A name change for the state's busiest airport officially took effect on Jan. 1, when Charleston's Yeager Airport became West Virginia International Yeager Airport.
The new name, unanimously approved by the airport's governing board last summer, is intended to serve as a marketing tool in attracting new air service and spurring economic development. The rebranded name also highlights the airport's statewide impact on travel and commerce.
"We have met with air service consultants who said this name addition would help attract new service," airport director Nick Keller said at the time the name-change was approved.
"As our state's largest airport, Yeager is important to not just Charleston, but the entire state of West Virginia," said Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, R-W.Va., soon after the name was approved.
The "international" portion of the new name was predicated on the construction of a new U.S. Customs and Border Patrol building adjacent to the the Charleston airport's general aviation terminal, making it possible for international flights to bypass other ports of entry and land directly at CRW.
While the Customs building itself is virtually complete, supply chain issues have delayed the installation of specialized screening gear needed to make it operational.
Although the airport lacks nonstop commercial air service to foreign destinations, the presence of a Customs building and staff would make such flights possible in the future. Meanwhile, the Customs operation will focus on private and military aircraft carrying up to 20 people on international flights, and inspecting direct air cargo flights from overseas locations.
Including an "international" designation in an airport's name does not require that airport to provide direct commercial passenger flights to foreign destinations, according to airport officials. The designation does require "international" airports to have Customs facilities.
Prior to the name change, the Charleston airport was one of 31 commercial airports without a city, state or region included in its name, and West Virginia was one of only five states without an international airport.
New signage reflecting the name change will be installed once a logo has been selected, according to airport officials.
The fact that the name change had taken effect was announced Jan. 1 on the airport's social media sites, producing nearly 200 comments on West Virginia International Yeager Airport's Facebook page. Responses to the name change were mixed, with a number of those favoring the new name suggesting they would have preferred West Virginia Yeager International Airport over the name that was selected.
Rick Steelhammer is a features reporter. He can be reached at 304-348-5169 or rsteelhammer@hdmediallc.com. Follow
@rsteelhammer on Twitter.


Abstract: Businesses in the assistive technology (AT) sector tend to be oriented to small, niche markets and can have lower profits and higher risk than those targeting large, mainstream markets. We carried out a study to examine the motivations and business practices of entrepreneurs in the AT market. It appears that a majority of AT entrepreneurs would be considered social entrepreneurs and are motivated by social factors such as helping society and people with disabilities rather than profit in starting and maintain their AT business. In addition, this personal motivation seems to translate into the achievement and expectation of social goals in monitoring company performance and in selecting supply chain partners.


This plug-in meter allows you to track total power consumption by hour, day, week, month, or year. Also displays Voltage (V), Line Frequency (Hz), and Power Factor (PF). 15 amp maximum. No batteries required. Accepts standard 110 volt plugs, 2 or 3 prong.


Editor's Note: Last October at GraphConnect San Francisco, Ian Robinson – Senior Engineer at Neo Technology – delivered this in-depth presentation on how to effectively scale your Neo4j-based application for enterprise-level production.
If you're planning on taking a Neo4j-based app into production, you're probably already thinking about the most appropriate application architecture for your use case, and how – once you've built your app – you'll deploy and operate it at scale.
What we're going to be talking about today is deploying and moving your Neo4j-based application into production.
We'll talk about some of the things that you want to think about early in the application development lifecycle, some of your deployment options, some of the things that you need to think about when you're designing your environment, and also some of the operational activities that you'll want to perform once you've got that app into production.
This first one: embedded Neo4j. Emil already covered this briefly.
Neo4j started life as an embedded graph database; that is, as a library that you hosted in your own application's Java process, and you can still do that today.
You can treat Neo4j as a library that makes its data durable on disk, and your application can speak to Neo4j by way of a rich set of Java APIs that allow you to talk in terms of the graph primitives: nodes, relationships, properties and labels.
You also have access to a couple of other APIs: a traversal framework, our graph algorithms package and so on. So that's one way of incorporating Neo4j into your application, treating it as a library and using embedded Neo4j.
The more common way of using Neo4j today is to use the server version of the product.
Effectively, we've built the server infrastructure that surrounds an embedded graph database instance. So, you spin up a server.
This is our typical experience of a database. We want our databases to be somewhere else on the network. We all have a client driver, and we just expect to be able to speak to that database, talk to the database over the network using that client driver.
That's effectively what you get with the server version of Neo4j. It's a server infrastructure that embeds or wraps an embedded graph database instance. This embedded graph database sits in the background there at the heart of that server and then we expose an HTTP API – a set of REST APIs effectively – that allow you to communicate with the server.
This includes a transactional endpoint that allows you, from the client side, to control the scope of the transaction, to start a transaction, to submit multiple queries in the context of that transaction and then finally to close it.
Below is a typical architecture where we've got our application code with the stuff that's specific to your domain, a driver as part of that and typically it's talking by way of a load balancer to a Neo4j cluster or server instances.
The third deployment option is to use the server version of the product, but to extend it using what we call unmanaged extensions.
For a long time, we've given you the ability to be able to write additional pieces of Java code, and to sit them inside of the server. We call these unmanaged extensions. These extensions have direct access to the embedded graph database that is at the heart of that server.
So from within your unmanaged extension, you can use all of those lower-level Java APIs or the graph algorithm package or the traversal framework in order to talk to the embedded graph database.
Then you expose your extension's functionality by way of another REST API, a set of URIs. You can think of it as being a cheap way of doing stored procedures, locating some code inside of each server and then using a client to communicate with those extensions.
The advantages here are that you're still in a network environment, and you're still dealing with the server version of the product, but your extensions themselves are a lot closer to the data. You can take advantage of those low-level APIs, but they also give you a lot of control over the request and the response format, so you can actually create request and response formats that are more sympathetic to your domain. Instead of talking in terms of nodes, relationships, properties and labels, you may want to talk in terms of products or users and so on.
So, these are your three different deployment options.
This is a choice that you'll probably make early in your application development lifecycle. The most common deployments today are either the vanilla server version of Neo4j or quite often the server together with unmanaged extensions.
Any investments that you make in unmanaged extensions today, you will be able to port very easily into Neo4j 3.0 and to those universal language drivers, because effectively you will be able to use the core logic that you develop in any extension and treat that as a stored procedure that you can invoke using the Bolt protocol.
These are some of the upfront deployment options or decisions that you might have to make.
Thinking then about actually moving an application that you have developed into production, we start thinking about those target environments. I've got a few thoughts on hardware and software – I'll go through them quickly.
You're going to perform best if you've got machines with lots of cores. Neo4j scales with the number of cores.
If you're using the community version it scales up to four cores. If you use enterprise then it scales beyond that.
In terms of storage, ideally SSD rather than hard disk and not the kind of commodity SSD, but this more specialized single-level cell SSDs are the kind of things that we recommend.
Another thing: Even though we're making all of that data durable on disk, you want lots of RAM because you want to be able to cache a lot of that data in memory.
We've invested very heavily over the last year and a half or so in the development of this off-heap page cache. This is the thing that's going to give you a big performance benefit here.
If you can assign lots and lots of RAM to that page cache then you're going to improve the performance of many of your queries.
Today, we recommend that if you've got plenty of RAM, assign between about 8 and 12GB to the heap itself, and then assign lots and lots of the remainder to the page cache.
If you've got enough RAM to cache the entirety of the store in RAM, then you should probably size this at the size of your entire store plus 10 percent plus some considerable headroom for growing that store over time.
If you don't have enough RAM to map the entirety of the store into memory, remember to leave lots of room for the operating system itself and for any other processes that might be running on that box.
We're kind of assuming that you're dedicating machines to running Neo4j, but there are often other processes that you end up running there as well, monitoring or deployment processes, so you need to be able to leave some space for those as well.
If you don't explicitly configure the page cache, then Neo4j will try to make some intelligent decisions. In versions prior to 2.3, if you didn't configure explicitly, Neo4j would try and assign about 75 percent of the RAM that was left over, once it deducted the heap size, and try and assign that to the page cache.
In a lot of our testing, we discovered that that can actually create some out-of-memory conditions when we're really thrashing this thing so we've lowered that default value to about 50 percent in 2.3.
So if you don't actually configure it, then Neo4j will configure it at 50 percent of whatever is left over once we subtract the heap size from the amount of available RAM.
In terms of software, we recommend either openJDK or the Oracle Java 8 JDK. If you are stepping up to use something like Neo4j on IBM POWER8 then we qualify using the IBM JDK on POWER8.
In versions of Neo4j prior to 2.3, the default garbage collector was the CMS collector, but we've switched that now to using the G1 garbage collector. We found that by using the page cache plus the G1 garbage collector with no object cache (which was dropped in 2.3), we get far better throughput and far better stability that ever we saw in 2.2 and in previous versions of Neo4j.
So even if you're on 2.2 today, it's worthwhile configuring the page cache to work with the G1 garbage collector and then removing the object cache. You'll experience both improved throughput and increased stability.
Lots of our users now are deploying Neo4j into different cloud environments.
The one I'm most familiar with is Amazon. In AWS, we found that you've got choices around the instances themselves and then the storage volumes. We recommend choosing HVM (hardware virtual machine) instances. HVM instances perform slightly better for our workloads than the old paravirtual instances.
The volumes themselves should be using Elastic Block Storage (EBS) so that you can snapshot your stores. This is that kind of durable shapshotable storage that AWS offers.
So when you're choosing your instances, ideally you should either choose instances that are already EBS-optimized or you should provision them as EBS-optimized. This effectively ensures that you've got dedicated throughput to those EBS volumes.
The instances that we use for our heavy soak testing are the R3 memory-optimized instances. So with something like r3.xlarge, we get just under 31GB of RAM and that's four virtual CPUs. With some of our clusters, we go up to r3.4xlarge, where we've got a lot more RAM and many more CPUs to play with.
R3 isn't EBS-optimized by default, so we actually have to provision that when we're creating instances, whereas C3 and C4 compute-optimized instances are effectively EBS-optimized by default. There are some of the different instance types that we recommend if you're choosing to deploy into AWS.
Neo4j is a database, and therefore is always going to be I/O heavy. Naturally, there's always going to be a lot of I/O work.
So when you're choosing your volumes or provisioning your volumes, our recommendation is always to choose provisioned IOPS (I/O operations per second). This effectively gives you the ability to specify or reserve an I/O capacity and that leads to far better, far more predictable performance.
Provisioned IOPS is really there for I/O intensive workloads. And while it's more expensive, you can provision that at about 30 IOPS per gigabyte with a ratio of 30/1.
For example, if you have a 300GB EBS volume, then you can provision that at about a maximum of 9000 IOPS.
Under very, very high throughput scenarios, you probably will end up maxing out those IOPS, so you need to perhaps increase the size of the volume – and therefore provision more IOPS – but this is stuff that it's always worthwhile monitoring.
Okay, High Availability (HA) architecture.
Unless you're building a desktop app or you're building a small, lightly trafficked, non-critical web app, you're going to want to be using Neo4j in its clustered form.
We can cluster Neo4j instances for high read throughput and high availability, and this is a feature of the enterprise version of the product. Today, Neo4j employs a traditional master/slave architecture.
Pictured below we have a cluster of three instances and at any one point of time one of those instances will be acting in the role of the master and the master is responsible for coordinating all of the writes to the system.
The other instances in the cluster act as slaves, and they're polling the master at frequent intervals in order to pull transactions across.
So effectively we have two different protocols going on here: We have a Paxos-based cluster management protocol responsible for deciding who's the master at any one point in time, and then we have a separate transaction propagation protocol which is effectively the slaves pulling transactions from the master.
If you write directly to the master, then, when the control returns to the client, you're guaranteed your data has been made durable on disk, and the master is immediately consistent with respect to that client.
The overall system, however, is eventually consistent in the order of several milliseconds – whatever the polling interval for those slaves is. Effectively, we're going to propagate transactions in the course of that polling interval so the overall system will be eventually consistent in the order of several milliseconds.
So we choose HA for high availability and high read throughput.
Let's cover just a few things to be aware of when you're configuring your clusters.
The first thing is a cluster configuration option that we call initial host. Whenever you introduce a new instance into a cluster, we need to supply it with the address of at least one other instance in the cluster that is currently up and running so that it can contact that instance and discover the rest of the cluster.
You can configure it with just one other address in the cluster, or you can configure it with a list of addresses, but the important point is when that instance starts up, all of the addresses that are in that initial host value have to be up and running and contactable at that point in time.
So if you've got a very large cluster, and you're introducing a new instance into it, you probably don't want to list all of the currently running instances. Probably just limit it to one, two or three other host addresses.
For some reason I've forgotten or I've never chosen to investigate, that tool is actually off by default. So, if you configure a cluster without specifying this pull interval, then the slaves will never bother contacting the master at all, and they'll all hum along very happily but there will be no data being propagated around.
So be sure to configure this HA pull interval to ensure your data stays in sync.
We also have this tx_push_factor which best-efforts attempts to push transactions out to one or more slaves at the point when we're writing to the master.
This setting is on by default, and it's on with an initial value of one. So whenever we write to the master the master will try and contact one other instance in the cluster and push that transaction across at that point in time.
However, this approach is not the most thoroughly robust way of ensuring the most transactions are propagated. This push transaction is best-efforts only and will not signal back to the client the fact that perhaps it couldn't contact other instances at that point in time.
So you should always be specifying the pull interval, but the push factor actually gives you the option to push data out more quickly than the pull-in tool would allow.
Of the things that I've pointed out so far, probably the most important is this heartbeat timeout.
All of your Neo4j instances are sending heartbeats. By default, they're sending heartbeats every five seconds.
We recommend you always configure the heartbeat timeout value at twice the heartbeat value plus a little extra. So if you're sending heartbeats every five seconds, the default value for the timeout should be eleven seconds.
If an instance doesn't hear a heartbeat from some other member after eleven seconds (in this case), then it starts suspecting that member. If that member being suspected is the master, then this could potentially trigger a master reelection.
If you find that you're suffering frequent master reelections, and you see messages that log that some of these heartbeats are being sent after five seconds or outside of that 11-second interval, then you might consider increasing that heartbeat timeout value.
The downside of increasing the timeout value is if a machine really does go offline, then you're going to find out about it a lot later.
With our example setting, we're going to find out if the machine is genuinely not available after 11 seconds. If we increase that heartbeat timeout value, that window is going to be extended.
Now you've got your Neo4j cluster up and running. You can then begin to interrogate the cluster to discover at any point in time who is currently the master and who are the slaves.
You can then issue an HTTP get request against each of the endpoints in order to discover if a machine is the master, is a slave or is it simply available?
This is very, very useful, particularly if you're configuring a load balancer. If you want to route write directly to the master and then to round-robin read requests across the entire cluster, then we need to be polling each of the instances probably every couple of seconds to discover and remind ourselves who is the master.
In the graphic above, I've shown the HTTP status codes that each of these would return depending upon the state of that instance, and there's a simple text body that's included with every response as well (e.g., true, false, UNKNOWN).
Depending on the way you might configure a load balancer or any other application code that wants to use this, you can either use the status code or the entity body to infer the state of that particular instance.
In Neo4j 2.2, if you required authentication, then you also required authentication for these endpoints and that's a good and proper thing to be requiring perhaps. At the same time, there's a slight operational hurdle to overcome here: You end up having to configure your load balancers to authenticate against these endpoints as well.
In Neo4j 2.3, there is an additional configuration property here that allows us to switch off the authentication just for these HA endpoints.
We can also discover some additional information about each instance using JMX (Java Management Extensions). Neo4j exposes a lot of internal counters and a lot of internal state by JMX.
Neo4j also exposes some of that JMX information at certain URIs. There are some URIs by way of which we can also gain some of that JMX information.
If we issue a get request against this URI, then we'll get back a JSON document that describes this particular instance's view of itself and its view of the rest of the cluster.
What particular role am I fulfilling at this point in time?
These last two pieces of information are really, really useful when you build monitoring tools and you want to understand the state of your cluster. Let's break both of them down.
First, the last committed transaction ID: As I said before, we've got all of the slaves pulling transactions from the master. The master is coordinating all the writes so therefore the master is responsible for assigning all of those transaction IDs.
If we're in a very high-throughput scenario, there may be situations in which some of the slaves begin to drift a little behind the master and need to catch up, and we can identify that need by polling each of the instances in the cluster and comparing the last committed transaction IDs.
If we see the delta beginning to increase over time, then we can infer that one of those slaves or some of those instances are beginning to fall behind in their catch-up strategy.
Second, the instance's view of the rest of the cluster: We can use this information in the JSON document to further reinforce our view of whether the cluster is stable and healthy.
If we poll all of the instances and they all agree that there's one master and two slaves, and we see that in this additional information, then we can be doubly reassured that we've got a nice, healthy, stable cluster.
This HA JMX endpoint that we expose at the end of a URI is not well known, but it's actually a very, very useful piece of additional monitoring information that we supply to you.
Many teams create cross data center clusters for failover purposes, but occasionally they want to have secondary parts of the cluster located close to some of their consumers elsewhere on the planet (especially if they have a globally available application).
If you're building a cross data center cluster, our recommendation is that ideally you use a VPN. You need your cluster to be on the same subnet, and you need to ensure that the bandwidth between those data centers is aligned with the right throughput.
You need this bandwidth aligned both because you're pushing transactions out from the master and also because all your slaves require significant transaction propagation when they contact the master. So you need to provision that bandwidth appropriately to ensure that you can actually get your data pretty fast between physical locations.
Another scenario: You might also have a cluster that spans multiple data centers where – if there's a master reelection – the master could hop from one data center to the other, even though very often that's not actually what you want.
What you really want is this: A primary data center where the core of your application is located and where, if there is a master reelection, you want to guarantee that it takes place within that data center.
In this case, your secondary data centers are effectively slave-only instances. They're still all part of the same cluster, but you can configure instances in secondary data centers to have the slave-only property to be true.
Those secondary data center instances will only ever act in the role of a slave and – by setting this property – we effectively restrict master reelection to the instances in the primary data center.
Once we've got our clustered Neo4j, we're effectively scaling out the high read throughput.
Pictured below is a typical application architecture where you've got the core of your own application code at the top, and then you're talking to Neo4j using a client driver but inserting a load balancer in between, such as HAProxy, NGINX or Elastic Load Balancer (with Amazon).
An equivalent architecture would be one like this (below), with a pair of load balancers.
In this architecture, you've got one (logical) load balancer that is responsible for identifying the master, even if the master switches over time. The application will send all of its write requests to the write load balancer, and it will forward them directly to the master.
Then you have a second load balancer which is responsible for servicing read requests. That can either just load-balance across the slaves or it could actually round-robin across the entire cluster.
My colleague, Stefan Armbruster, has written a good blog post about how to configure HAProxy for doing some of these things I've already discussed. For time's sake, I won't go into all of these details, but there is a lot of rich information in Stefan's post about identifying the master, routing writes to the master and load balancing reads across the rest of the cluster.
The advantage of using a load balancer is that we can employ a strategy called cache sharding. This is incredibly useful when you have a very, very large store.
Even though you may have a lot of RAM, for really large stores you're never going to fit all of those stores into memory or into that page cache at any one point in time.
So what we want to be able to do is to reliably route requests to instances in the cluster where that page cache has been warmed with a portion of the graph that's relevant to that particular query. Effectively, we're using traditional consistent routing techniques in the load balancer between shorter requests consistently routed to specific instances in the cluster.
In this example pictured below, if we've got a read request matching country Australia, we will direct all of those countries beginning with A-I will go to instance one. Norway will go to instance two, Zambia to instance three.
What's happening here is that you're consistently routing requests to specific instances in the cluster where that page cache has been warmed up with portions of the graph relevant to that particular part of the domain.
In order to make this work, you need to choose some domain-specific information or insert something into a header that will help you do that consistent routing. This practice provides an effective use of clustered Neo4j for servicing a very high read throughput scenario with a very large data store.
So that wraps up the use of clustered Neo4j and some of the strategies that we can employ when we're using Neo4j High Availability.
Now I'm going to talk about some of the operational activities that we're going to want to do moving our apps into production. The first is backups.
Neo4j Enterprise supports online backups so you can backup a running instance without having to stop it, take it down or anything like that.
There are two kinds of backup. You can do a full backup and then, having got a full backup, you can do a series of incremental backups – so you do an incremental backup based upon some previous backup.
In order to be able to do an incremental backup, you need access to all of the logical logs that have been created since the last backup took place.
So typically you need to plan on keeping those logical logs for up to twice the backup interval. If you're doing incremental backups every two hours, then you need to keep those logical logs for at least four hours.
By default, Neo4j Enterprise actually keeps logical logs for seven days. But if you've got a very high write throughput scenario, then it might be that you're generating gigabytes of logical logs, and naturally, you might want to dial that down a bit.
But ultimately you need to ensure you've got sufficient logical logs in order to be able to do an incremental backup at any point in time.
Included with the backup tool is another one called the Consistency Check tool that will run by default every time you do a backup. It's there just to check the health of the store and the health of the backup that it's created.
We also expose this consistency check as a stand-alone tool so you can either run it as part of a backup or against a previous backup. Effectively, it's purpose is to evaluate the store health.
But doing a consistency check can take quite a while. If you've got a really big store, then you're looking at tens of hours or even perhaps a couple of days for several hundred gigabytes of data.
It may be that you don't want to consistency check every single backup, and in that case, you can supply a verified false flag just to do the backup and not to do the health or consistency check.
You can do a local backup on the instance where the database is running, but we recommend that you do a remote backup.
Introduce another machine into your environment and then you just need the backup tool on that machine. You don't need a running instance of Neo4j, you just need the backup tool, and that backup tool can do a remote backup from one of your instances in the cluster.
If you're doing a consistency check, you're effectively doing it offline with respect to the database, so the hard work is actually pulling all the data across in the first place. Once that's done, the database just continues as normal, and we're left doing the consistency check on the separate machine.
If you've got a large cluster, it may be that you assign one of those instances to be a dedicated backup slave so that you're always targeting that particular instance for your backups.
An alternative strategy is to round-robin: Each time you do a new backup you pick another instance in the cluster so that you're spreading the load over time.
In the long-running soak tests that we do, we typically have clusters of three or five instances with we have a separate machine elsewhere in our environment so we're always doing remote backups.
We tend to round-robin across those instances and do a full backup followed by five incremental backups. So we do a full backup against A; an hour later perhaps, a full backup of B; full backup of C and so on.
Then, when we go back to A again, we'll do an incremental backup. We'll do that over and over until we've done five incremental backups of A. Then I'll do a full backup again.
We're always tracking the last successful backup because that one is effectively the backup that we would use to seed a new instance in the cluster – if necessary – to restore an instance in the cluster.
To restore from backup is simple.
A backup is a full copy of the store. If you need to ever restore from a backup, you stop a particular instance, you remove the old version of the store, you delete the graph DB directory, then you replace it with the backup and restart the instance.
That's all that you have to do in order to be able to restart from the backup.
Let me talk very briefly about monitoring.
For years, we've exposed all those JMX counters, but in Neo4j 2.3, we've now starting exposing additional counters that we can push or that the database can publish. Today we support publishing to Graphite, Ganglia and to CSV files.
The kind of information that we're capturing includes data about the node counts, entity counts, HA network usage, the page cache behavior, running or committed transitions and then some JVM-specific counters as well.
In our soak testing, we use those aforementioned metrics together with things like collectd to collect information about the system itself. We also tail messages.log looking for errors and warnings. We use those HA endpoints to determine who's the master and who are the slaves. We look at the HTTP log to calculate the latencies on the server for each request. There are additional slow Cypher query logs that we can switch on.
Then, in our application itself or in our load generator, we'll also have the client's view of the behavior of the system, including the overall latencies as far as the client's concerned.
Finally, we bring all of that stuff together in something like Graphite, so we have an internal and an external view of the system at the same time. We can then often correlate between the client starting to see some very, very large latencies here, or look at the behavior of the JVM over there, or the behavior of the page cache.
When you're putting your app into production, for a long time beforehand, you should be testing at scale. This is exactly what we're doing on your behalf, but we can't anticipate all the different application architectures, all the different datasets or all the different kinds of queries, but we did our best.
Over the last six weeks before introducing Neo4j 2.3, we had up to 300 instances, often 30 or more clusters running in AWS for many, many days doing all of this kind of stuff, like running client workloads, very aggressively maxing out the instances, doing lots of operational things such as backups, replacing instances and doing some naughty stuff like killing instances and introducing partitions and stuff like that.
We did all this just to be confident that Neo4j remains stable over a long period of time. That's exactly what we'd expect you to be doing as well when you're putting this stuff into production.
This has been a very, very quick tour of moving Neo4j graphs to production at scale. I hope it's been useful, but let me know if you have any questions.
Inspired by Ian's talk? Register for GraphConnect Europe on April 26, 2016 at for more industry-leading presentations and workshops on the evolving world of graph database technology.
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text:
Аероакустика є підрозділом акустики, яка вивчає генерацію шуму внаслідок турбулентного руху рідини або аеродинамічних сил, що взаємодіють з поверхнями. Генерація шуму також може бути пов'язаною з періодично змінними потоками. Яскравим прикладом цього явища є Еолові тони, що створюються вітром при обдуванні зафіксованих об'єктів.

Повної наукової теорії генерації шуму аеродинамічних потоків не було описано, найбільш практичний аероакустичний аналіз ґрунтується на так званій аероакустичній аналогії, яку запропонував сер Джеймс Лайтхілла в 1950-х роках при Університеті Манчестера, в якій рівняння руху рідини приводиться до форми, що нагадує хвильове рівняння "класичної" (тобто лінійної) акустики.

Історія
Сучасна дисципліна аероакустики виникла з моменту першої публікації Лайтхілла на початку 1950-х років, коли генерація шуму, пов'язаного з реактивним двигуном піддалась науковій критиці.

Рівняння Лайтхілла
Лайтхілл подав рівняння Нав'є-Стокса у вигляді, який регулює потік стистеної в'язкої рідини, в неоднорідному хвильовому рівняння, в результаті чого встановлюється зв'язок між механікою рідини і акустики. Це часто називається «аналогія Лайтхілла», тому що вона являє собою модель для акустичного поля, яка не базується, строго кажучи, на фізиці потоку індукованого / згенерованого шуму, а швидше на аналогії того, як вони можуть бути представлені через керівні рівняння стисливої рідини.

Перше рівння інтересу являє собою рівняння збереження мас, яке має вигляд

де  і  представляють щільність і швидкість руху рідини, які залежать від простору і часу, а  є похідною Лагранжа.

Далі йде рівняння збереження імпульсу, яке має вигляд

де  — термодинамічний тиск, а  є в'язкою частиною тензора напружень з рівнянь Нав'є–Стокса.

Тепер, помноживши рівняння збереження маси на  і додавши його до рівняння збереження імпульсу отримуємо

Зверніть увагу, що  — це тензор(див. тензорний добуток). Диференціюючи рівняння збереження маси з урахуванням часу, взявши дивергенцію від рівняння збереження імпульсу і віднімання останнього від початкового, отримуємо

Віднімаючи , де  — це швидкість звуку в середовищі у стані рівноваги, від лівої і правої сторін останнього рівняння і подавши результат в вигляді

що еквівалентно

де  — це одинична матриця тензора, а  позначає (подвійний) оператор звуження тензора.

Вищенаведене рівняння є знаменитим рівнянням Лайтхілла в аероакустиці. Це хвильове рівняння з визначенням джерела на правій стороні, тобто неоднорідного хвильового рівняння. Аргумент "подвійної дивергенції оператора" в правій частині останнього рівняння, тобто  — це так звана турбулентність тензора напружень Лайтхілла для акустичного поля, і вона зазвичай позначається .

Використовуючи нотації Ейнштейна, рівняння Лайтхілла може бути записано як

де

і  — це дельта Кронекера. Кожна умова акустичного джерела, тобто умова, може грати істотну роль в генерації шуму залежно від розглянутих умов потоку.  описує нестаціонарну конвекцію потоку (або стрес Рейнольдса),  описує звук, що генерується ножицями,  описує нелінійні акустичні процеси покоління.

На практиці, це зазвичай нехтують ефектами в'язкості рідини, тобто один приймає  тому що загальновизнано, що вплив останніх на рівень шуму, в більшості випадків на порядок менший, ніж тих, що отримуються за інших умов. Лайтхіл забезпечує поглиблене обговорення цього питання.

У аероакустичних дослідженнях, як теоретичні, так і розрахункові зусилля спрямовані на те, щоб вивести твердження щодо механузіму аеродинамічної генерації шуму.

Важливо розуміти, що  рівняння Лайтхілла є точним у тому сенсі, що ніяких наближень будь-якого роду не було зроблено при його виведенні.

Див. також
 Теорія акустики
 Еолова арфа

Посилання
 Аероакустика  // ВУЕ
 M. J. Lighthill, "On Sound Generated Aerodynamically. I. General Theory," Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 211 (1952)  pp. 564–587. Ця стаття на JSTOR
 M. J. Lighthill, "On Sound Generated Aerodynamically. II. Turbulence as a Source of Sound," Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 222 (1954) pp. 1–32. Ця стаття на JSTOR
 L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics 2ed., Course of Theoretical Physics vol. 6, Butterworth-Heinemann (1987) §75. ISBN 0-7506-2767-0, Перегляд від Amazon.
 K. Naugolnykh and L. Ostrovsky, Nonlinear Wave Processes in Acoustics, Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics vol. 9, Cambridge University Press (1998) chap. 1. ISBN 0-521-39984-X, Перегляд від Google .
 M. F. Hamilton and C. L. Morfey, "Model Equations," Nonlinear Acoustics, eds. M. F. Hamilton and D. T. Blackstock, Academic Press (1998) chap. 3. ISBN 0-12-321860-8, Перегляд від Google
Aeroacoustics at the University of Mississippi
Aeroacoustics at the University of Leuven
International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Examples in Aeroacoustics from NASA
Aeroacoustics.info
 Аероакустика в Львівському національному університеті

Акустика
Аеродинаміка
Гідродинаміка