text:
If JUST LOOKING AT a married woman lustfully is adultery, how much more is actually MARRYING AND SLEEPING WITH her!
Matthew 5:27-31 27 "You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery.' 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart. 29 If your right eye causes you to sin, gouge it out and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell. 30 And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to go into hell. 31 "It has been said, 'Anyone who divorces his wife. ... NIV
BIBLE SKILLS: Use the clear passages to understand the less clear ones:
The clear verses: there is no argument about what these next two passages mean:
Mark 10:11-12 (apostolicbible.com)
"Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery (moichátai) against her.
if a woman divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery (moichátai)."
Luke 16:18 (apostolicbible.com)
"Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery (moicheuei);
whoever marries her who is divorced from her husband commits adultery (moicheuei)."
The clear passages: there is no argument about what these above two passages mean:
Sexual relationships outside of that lawful, first marriage are adultery
because God considers that first couple to still be joined as man+wife:
Man cannot change the fact that God has joined together that first-wife/first-husband as one flesh.
(Nor can these passages be divorced from their contexts, Mark 10:2-10 & Matthew 19:3-10).
Since its rise in the 1500's, Western Protestantism has not been willing to agree on the passages below. The cause of so much of the argument is the phrase, "except for sexual immorality (porneia)." For both of these passages, the underlying Greek for the term "sexual immorality, unlawful sexual union" is "porneia" and is often translated, "fornication." This is a different word from "commit adultery" which is "moichátai."
Matthew 19:9 (apostolicbible.com)
"Whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality (porneia), and marries another, commits adultery (moichátai);
whoever marries her who is divorced commits adultery (moichátai)."
Jesus is NOT saying in Matthew 19:9a, "Whoever divorces his wife, except for committing adultery (porneia), and marries another, commits adultery (moichátai)."
Jesus employs different words.
porneia = unlawful sexual relationship: sexual relationship with someone who is not lawfully married to you = fornication. (Leviticus 18 define unlawful sexual relationships, porneia).
moichátai = sexual relationship with someone who is lawfully married to someone else = commmit adultery. (Mark 10:11-12 and Luke 16:18 define adultery, moichátai).
The rest of the Word of God also uses these same two words in the same passages, even in lists of sins, showing that the two mean different things.
Matthew 5:32 (apostolicbible.com)
"Whoever divorces his wife for any reason except sexual immorality (porneias) causes her to commit adultery (moichásthai);
whoever marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery (moichátai)."
NOR is Jesus saying in Matthew 5:32a, "Whoever divorces his wife for any reason except for committing adultery (porneias) causes her to commit adultery (moichátai)." That would make Jesus to say something inane since it goes without saying that she has already committed adultery aside from her husband.
Let us look at these four passages again, comparing them side-by-side:
A1) Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery (moichatai) against her.
B1) if a woman divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery (moichatai).
A1) Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery (moichatai);
B2) whoever marries her who is divorced from her husband commits adultery (moichatai).
A2) Whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality (porneias), and marries another, commits adultery (moichatai);
B2) whoever marries her who is divorced commits adultery (moichatai).
A3) Whoever divorces his wife for any reason except sexual immorality (porneias) causes her to commit adultery (moichatai);
B2) whoever marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery (moichatai).
Observation I. It is interesting that each of these passages are couplets. And it is interesting that 3 out of 4 of the second couplets, B2), virtually say the exact same thing. And these three agree with B1), which expresses the message from the other angle. All four of the second couplets are agreed; case closed. (The variation of wording between B1) and B2) show that BOTH of those involved in an adulterous relationship are committing adultery, even if only one of them has been lawfully married).
"Whoever marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery along with her."
Observation II. The first couplet, A1), of Luke 16:18 & Mark 10:11-12 say the same thing. This agreement between them strengthens their clear message all the more. (A twofold chord is not easily broken).
"Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery."
Observation III. B1) mirrors A1): Each of the preceding are just gender-specific ways of saying the same thing:
"Whoever marries a divorced person commits adultery along with him or her."
Observation IV. The endings of Matthew 19:9a & Matthew 5:32a report subtle differences with eachother:
A2) "Whoever divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality (porneias), and marries another, commits adultery (moichatai)"
A3) "Whoever divorces his wife for any reason except sexual immorality (porneias) causes her to commit adultery (moichatai)"
i) So A2) ends by saying that the divorced man commits adultery when he marries another, (Observation II above).
ii) And A3) ends by saying that the divorced woman commits adultery when, (naturally), she marries another, (Obs. I).
Observation V. All these statements by Jesus on Divorce-Remarriage & Adultery have been in strong agreement, reinforcing oneanother in saying the same thing in gender-specific ways,
Jesus knows that people can be hard-headed about this subject and often looking for a way out, even a gender-specific one if need be. So He has spelled out the same message in various contexts. The significant difference among these four statements by Jesus is the clause found in the first half of two of them, "except for sexual immorality (porneias)." It has been shown previously that sexual immorality (porneias) is different from commit adultery (moichátai).
porneias = unlawful sexual relationship: sexual relationship with someone who is not lawfully married to you = fornication.
moichátai = sexual relationship with someone who is lawfully married to someone else = commmit adultery.
Next I will explore how "except for sexual immorality (porneias)" has been taken two different ways.
And I will show that "except for sexual immorality (porneias)" can only mean one thing in order to be agreed with of what Jesus has said here.
Mat 19:9NKJV
The controversy over how this half a verse is to be understood involves how the Greek term "PORNEIAS" is understood:
Let us focus again upon just the first half A2) since the second half B2) is in solid agreement with all the verses under scrutiny.
TWO WAYS TO UNDERSTAND "(PORNEIAS) SEXUAL IMMORALITY"
PORNEIAS = the 'marriage' itself is a sexually immoral relationship, an unlawful union, an unlawful sham 'marriage' ~Catholic & Orthodox
PORNEIAS = the husband or wife has had a sexually immoral relationship, an unlawful union, during the marriage ~Western Protestant
Whoever (man) divorces his wife (woman)
A2.0)................................................................................................and he marries another ................. he commits adultery
A2.1) because .........(PORNEIAS) sexually immoral relationship and he marries another he DOES NOT commit adultery
A2.1M)............their 'marriage' was actually a sexually immoral relationship and he marries another he DOES NOT commit adultery
A2.1W)...............the wife.......had a sexually immoral relationship and he marries another he DOES NOT commit adultery ???
A2.1H)................the husband had a sexually immoral relationship and he marries another he DOES NOT commit adultery ???
A2.1H&W)................BOTH had sexually immoral relationships and he marries another he DOES NOT commit adultery ???
ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE MEANINGS:
A2.1M) PORNEIAS = the "marriage'" itself is actually a sexually immoral relationship, an unlawful union, a sham "marriage"
Whoever (man) divorces his wife because the marriage itself is actually a sexually immoral relationship (porneias) and marries another, he DOES NOT commit adultery.
This is crystal clear and in complete harmony with the all the other verses – they were never lawfully married to begin with. Their divorce was actually REPENTING from unlawful sexual relationship (their unlawful "marriage"). And their "marriage" relationship is recognised openly for the unlawful sexual relationship that it was and is then publically "anulled," the repentant couple being granted an "anullment," (fancy words for "divorce from unlawful, sham 'marriage' "). Whether a man marries his sister or he marries another man or he marries a woman who is lawfully married to another man, it is still an unlawful sexual relationship, an unlawful "marriage." Jesus announces no penalty from repenting from such via divorce, (anulment), and moving on to a lawful marriage to a truly elegible bachellorette.
A2.1W) Guilty Wife PORNEIAS = wife has had a sexually immoral relationship, an unlawful union, during the marriage
Whoever (man) divorces his wife because she had a sexually immoral relationship and he then marries another, he DOES NOT commit adultery.???
Wife has affair...., husband then divorces her and marries another woman and its NOT called adultery for him. QUESTIONABLE. Here's why that is confused and untenable, the implications:
Whoever "marries" this guilty woman commits adultery along with her because God still sees her married to her first husband, Mat 19:9b (B2).
But her husband "remarries" another woman and its not adultery at all – because God no longer sees this husband married to his first wife.
The above two results have God divided against Himself as to whether or not He still regards the original husband&wife couple as "one flesh."
A2.1H) Guilty Husband PORNEIAS = husband has had a sexually immoral relationship, an unlawful union, during the marriage
Whoever (man) divorces his wife because he had a sexually immoral relationship and he then marries another, he DOES NOT commit adultery.???
Husband has affair.... guilty husband then divorces his innocent wife and marries another woman, and its NOT called adultery. WRONG, Mark 10:11 & Luke 16:18 (A1). Here's why that is confused and utterly untenable, the implications:
Whoever "marries" this innocent woman commits adultery along with her because God still sees her married to her first husband, Mat 19:9b (B2), "whoever marries her who is divorced commits adultery."
But her guilty husband "remarries" another woman and its not adultery at all for him – because God no longer sees this husband married to his first wife "because of the sexual immorality (porneias) that occured."
The above two results have God divided against Himself as to whether or not He still regards the original husband&wife couple as "one flesh." Worse, it has God permitting remarriage for the guilty husband but condemning remarriage for the innocent wife.
A2.1H&W) BOTH Guilty Husband & guilty Wife PORNEIAS = both partners have had a sexually immoral relationship, an unlawful union, during the marriage
Whoever (man) divorces his wife (woman) because BOTH of them had sexually immoral relationships and he marries another he DOES NOT commit adultery.???
Husband has affair.... wife also has affair... guilty husband then divorces his guilty wife and he marries another woman, and its NOT called adultery. WRONG, Mark 10:11 & Luke 16:18 (A1). Here's why that is confused and utterly untenable, the implications:
Whoever "marries" this guilty woman commits adultery along with her because God still sees her married to her first husband, Mat 19:9b (B2), "whoever marries her who is divorced commits adultery."
But her equally guilty husband "remarries" another woman and its not adultery at all for him – because God no longer sees this husband married to his first wife "because of the sexual immorality (porneias) that occurred."
The above two results have God divided against Himself as to whether or not He still regards the original husband&wife couple as "one flesh." Worse, it has God permitting remarriage for the guilty husband but condemning remarriage for the guilty wife.
IN SUMMARY: Which is Jesus really teaching here? God is NOT the author of confusion, 1 Cor 14:33.
Husband divorces his wife.…………………………………………………..……………….and marries another……..…………commits adultery.
'Husband' divorces his 'wife' because the 'marriage' itself is actually a sexually immoral relationship (porneias) and marries another DOES NOT commit adultery. (He is actually just repenting of a sexually immoral relationship and going on to its cure, a lawful marriage).
Innocent husband divorces his innocent wife and marries another…………………commits adultery (moichatai).
Innocent husband divorces his…….guilty wife and marries another DOES NOT commit adultery? BUT SHE DOES B2) Mat 19:9NKJV
Guilty…….husband divorces his…….guilty wife and marries another DOES NOT commit adultery? BUT SHE DOES B2) Mat 19:9NKJV
Guilty…….husband divorces his innocent wife and marries another DOES NOT commit adultery? BUT SHE DOES B2) Mat 19:9NKJV
What has been outlined here so far is just a brief introduction to the confusion that arises when Jesus phrase, "except for sexual immorality (porneias), " is taken to mean "except for a single act of sexual immorality within a marriage." By this definition, who can ever identify which remarriages are really adultery? In order to preach repentence? In order to repent? In order to obey the Bible and avoid the adulterers who call themselves fellow Chrstians? "I am writing you that you must not associate with anyone who calls himself a brother but is sexually immoral or greedy, an idolater or a slanderer, a drunkard or a swindler. With such a man do not even eat. 12 What business is it of mine to judge those outside the church? Are you not to judge those inside? 13 God will judge those outside. 'Expel the wicked man from among you.' " 1 Corinthians 5:11-13NIV Run a concordance search of the word "adultery" and understand that God expects us to identify it plainly. God is NOT the author of confusion, 1 Cor 14:33.
Since the second half B2) is in solid agreement with all the verses under scrutiny.
Let us examine then Mat 5:32 NKJV, part A
A3) Whoever divorces his wife for any reason except (PORNEIAS) sexual immorality................... causes her to commit adultery (moichatai);
Same as saying
A3) Whoever divorces his wife for any reason except (PORNEIAS) sexually immoral relationship causes her to commit adultery (moichatai);
Whoever divorces his wife
A3.0).................................................................................................................causes her to commit adultery
A3.1) because .........(PORNEIAS) sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery
A3.1M)............the 'marriage' is a sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery
A3.1W)............the wife.......had a sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery ?
A3.1H).............the husband had a sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery ?
A3.0) "Whoever divorces his wife causes her to commit adultery." = "Whoever divorces his lawfully wedded wife causes her to commit adultery."
(Presumably when, driven by nature, she marries another = adultery). This is crystal clear and in complete harmony with the all the other A1) verses, Mark 10:11 & Luke 16:18.
A3.1M) "Whoever divorces his 'wife' because the 'marriage' is a sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery." = "Whoever divorces his unlawfully wedded 'wife' DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery."
This is crystal clear and in complete harmony with the all the other verses – the couple were never lawfully married to begin with. Their divorce was actually REPENTING from unlawful sexual relationship (their unlawful "marriage"). Like Jesus said to the woman caught in the act of adultery, "Leave your unlawful sexual relationship and I forgive you."
A3.1W) "Whoever divorces his wife because SHE had a sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery."
THIS IS QUESTIONABLE. Wife has affair.....husband then divorces guilty wife and somehow it DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery against him. QUESTIONABLE.
.....i) If guilty wife could not sexuallly control herself while married, much less will she keep from adultery after being denied sexual relations with her husband after he divorces her.
.....ii) If guilty wife goes on to marry another, whoever marries this divorced woman commits adultery along with her because God still sees her married to that first husband, B2), Matthew 5:32b and Matthew 19:9b and Luke 16:18b.
.....iii) The above two outcomes have God divided against Himself as to whether or not He still regards them united as "one flesh," married.
A3.1H) "Whoever divorces his wife because HE had a sexually immoral relationship DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery."
THIS IS QUESTIONABLE. Husband has affair, husband then divorces his wife and somehow it DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery. QUESTIONABLE.
.....i) Because the guilty husband sexually sinned before divorcing his innocent wife, she loses all desire for sex, never to marry again? Why does she feel driven to commit adultery under every other circumstance then?
.....ii) Because the husband sexually sinned before divorcing his innocent wife, she may remarry without it being adultery against her 1st husband.
.....iii) But if the guilty husband remarries after divorcing his innocent wife, he commits adultery against her because God still sees them as married, Mark 10:11 & Luke 16:18a (A1)
.....iv) The above two outcomes have God divided against Himself as to whether or not He still regards them united as "one flesh," married.
These last two would have Jesus saying that the only time divorcing a wife causes her to commit adultery is when there was no sexual immoraility involved in the marriage. This has Jesus saying that only when a sexually pure couple divorces does it cause the woman to commit adultery, and whoever marries her commits adultery along with her against her first husband who is now free to remarry. NONSENSE.
Husband divorces his wife causes her to commit adultery.
Husband divorces his wife because its a sexually immoral relationship (porneias) DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery.
Innocent husband divorces his innocent wife………………..causes her to commit adultery. NOT free to remarry
Innocent husband divorces his…….guilty wife DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery. ........free to remarry?
Guilty husband divorces his innocent wife DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery. ........free to remarry?
Guilty husband divorces his…….guilty wife DOES NOT cause her to commit adultery. ........free to remarry?
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What the Bible Really Says About Marriage and Divorce
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See also: http://www.nataliespianostudio.com/2006/03/exception.htm
From: http://www.speroforum.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=2468
I am going to assume the numbers represent greek letter. But the difference boils down to the greek uses the word porneia not the word moichaia. Moicheia means adultery as
But I say to you, whoever divorces his wife (unless the marriage is porneias) causes her to commit moicheuthênai, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits moichatai.
egô de legô umin oti pas o apoluôn tên gunaika autou parektos logou porneias poiei autên moicheuthênai kai os ean apolelumenên gamêsê moichatai
Porneia=fornication-or unlawful
Moicheia=adultery
Mt 15:19 For from the heart come evil thoughts, murder, moicheiai, porneiai, theft, false witness, blasphemy.
ek gar tês kardias exerchontai dialogismoi ponêroi phonoi moicheiai porneiai klopai pseudomarturiai blasphêmiai
Fornication is used throughout the new testament Mt 19:9, Mk 7:21, Jn 8:41, Acts 15:20, 15:29, 21:25, 1 Cor 5:1, 6:13, 6:18, 7:2, 2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Rom, Col, 1 Thes, Rev.
There is an enourmous difference between the two. To find out which marriages are unlawful we just have to look at Levitcus. Leviticus 18 lists those things which are fornication and considered unlawful.
Protestants include Moicheia in the definition of Porneia. Catholics don't. The bible supports the catholic view. The protestant view didn't come into existantce until later. If Moicheia and Porneia are the same thing there never would have been a differentiation in the above example, or Mt 19:19, or Mk 7:20 etc.
Peace and God Bless
Nicene
I've just been studying on this a little bit. I believe Theo is right that the Church is not dogmatic on that interpretation, though I think there is good evidence for it. The whole thing hinges on the Greek word 'porneia' - which in other places speaks of marrying within the forbidden degrees. For instance, Herod was married to his brother's wife, and it was 'unlawful' to have her. To put her away would not be adultery - since they were never lawfully married in the first place. I don't think it's meant as a loophole to escape marriage because the other cheats.
NO DIVORCE "EXCEPT FOR FORNICATION?"
By HUBERT J. RICHARDS
Scholars of all times have returned again and again to struggle with this phrase. On the one hand it does seem at first sight to qualify in some way Christ's general prohibition of divorce. On the other hand the context makes it clear that Christ considered a divorced person still bound by the marriage bond: To attempt marriage with another would be "adultery." If there is to be any solution to the dilemma, some alternative translation must be found for one or the other of the three words which appear in our text as "divorce," "except," and "fornication" . . .
It is the third word, "fornication," that perhaps provides the most satisfying solution to the problem. The solutions based on the other two words unconsciously make this word equivalent to "adultery," without allowing for the fact that when the text speaks of the adultery of the divorced husband or wife, it uses an entirely different word. It would seem that "fornication" refers to something else. Can we discover its exact meaning by looking to see how it is used elsewhere in the New Testament?
The Greek word porneia that is used in Matthew 5 and 9 is in fact both more general and more specific in meaning than the English word "fornication." In itself it means simply "impurity" (the English word "pornography" which is taken from it has a similarly wide meaning) and the context must decide what precise impurity is being referred to. Such a context is provided, for instance, by St. Paul in his first letter to Corinth, where he condemns the illicit union between a Christian and his dead father's wife. This he calls porneia (1 Cor. 5:1). The Council of Jerusalem in Acts 15 uses the word in exactly the same sense when it directs Christians of Gentile origin to respect the susceptibilities of their brethren of Jewish origin by complying, where necessary, with Jewish custom in the matter of porneia. The Council had made it clear that, in principle, the Christian is no longer bound by the ritual laws of the Old Testament (Acts 15:7-19). But charity demanded that, where converts from Judaism were in a majority and continued to live according to these ancestral laws, the Gentile Christians among them should make a communal life possible by respecting their social taboos in the matter of idolothytes (food which had been offered in pagan sacrifices), porneia (marriage within forbidden degrees), "blood," and "things strangled" (non-kosher meat) (Acts 15:20). Exactly the same four concessions had for centuries been demanded of any stranger who wished to make his home in Israel (Lev. 17:8–18:26).
These two examples make it possible, if not likely, that porneia, as well as bearing the generic meaning of impurity, had in certain circumstances the technical meaning of marriage within certain degrees of kinship forbidden by Jewish law. Among the Gentiles there was no restriction on the matter, and marriage between near relatives was not unusual. But it was the Jewish custom which was eventually taken over by the Church, where a marriage of this kind was regarded as being one in name only and in reality as illicit a union as plain fornication. The use of the same word porneia in the context of a dispute about marriage makes it at least possible (more and more scholars today think that it is certain) that the text of Matthew 5:32 and 19:9 refers to such illicit unions and excepts from the general law of indissolubility those "marriages" which were already null and void through forbidden degrees of kinship. The text then could be paraphrased: "If anyone divorces his wife, he may not marry again, except when his marriage was not a real one at all, but had only the appearance of one."
Did Jesus Say Adultery Is Grounds for Divorce?
By Jimmy Akin
In the first-century Mediterranean world, divorce and remarriage were common—except among the Jews. Jesus in particular used strong language in condemning the practice. In Matthew 5:31–32, he says, "It was also said, 'Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.' But I say to you that every one who divorces his wife, except on the ground of unchastity, makes her commit adultery; and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery." Similarly, in Matthew 19:9, he says, "And I say to you: Whoever divorces his wife, except for unchastity, and marries another, commits adultery" (emphases added).
Many Protestants seize on these so-called "exceptive clauses" as legitimizing divorce in cases where one of the spouses has committed adultery or engaged in some sort of sexual sin.
There are a number of problems with this. First among them is that the exceptive clauses do not appear in the parallel passages in Mark and Luke. In Mark 10:11–12, Jesus says only, "Whoever divorces his wife and marries another, commits adultery against her; and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery." Likewise, Luke 16:18 says, "Every one who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery, and he who marries a woman divorced from her husband commits adultery."
This is striking. How could Mark and Luke, writing for the Greco-Roman world, omit the one, glaring exception that allows remarriage after divorce? Adultery and sexual sins were rampant in the Roman culture. Mark and Luke would have realized that their audiences needed to know about the exception even more than the Jewish audience for which Matthew wrote.
The exceptive clauses also do not appear in Paul's discussion of divorce and remarriage. In Romans 7:2–3, he writes that "a married woman is bound by law to her husband as long as he lives; but if her husband dies she is discharged from the law concerning the husband. Accordingly, she will be called an adulteress if she lives with another man while her husband is alive. But if her husband dies she is free from that law, and if she marries another man she is not an adulteress."
And in 1 Corinthians 7:10–11, 39, he writes, "To the married I give charge, not I but the Lord, that the wife should not separate from her husband (but if she does, let her remain single or else be reconciled to her husband)—and that the husband should not divorce his wife. . . . A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. If the husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord."
Paul was dealing also with a Greco-Roman audience, and he also does not make an exception for unfaithfulness or sexual sin. (The only exception he does make is for the dissolution of a non-sacramental marriage when one spouse has converted to Christianity [1 Cor. 7:12, 15]—what we know today as the Pauline privilege—but that is a different matter.)
Because the exceptive clauses occur only in Matthew's Gospel—one written for a Jewish audience—it suggests that they reflect some issue of particular concern to Jews. What might this be?
One possibility is that the exceptive clauses are there as an illustration of the precision demanded in rabbinic logic. In other words, the clauses indicate that if one divorces an adulterous wife, one isn't making her into an adulteress because she already is one. That doesn't mean that she's free to remarry; it just means that you aren't forcing her into an adulterous situation if you divorce her.
Another possibility is that the exceptive clauses are a way of avoiding altogether the subject of an unchaste spouse. In Judaism around this period, there was a debate between the school of Hillel and the school of Shammai over the circumstances in which one could divorce. The Hillelites argued that it could be essentially for any reason, while the Shammaites argued it could be only for adultery. The exceptive clauses could be a way of avoiding this debate. The Greek grammar allows the passage to be understood roughly in this sense: "Whoever divorces his wife and marries another—I'm not going into the subject of unchastity—commits adultery."
A third possibility is that the Greek term used for "unchastity"— porneia—is being used in a special sense. For example, some have taken it to refer to unchaste behavior before the marriage is consummated. At that point, it is possible to dissolve the marriage, for marriages become indissoluble only when they are consummated.
Today, with the tradition of the wedding night, it is highly unlikely a spouse could be unfaithful between the marriage ceremony and the consummation. However, in Jesus' time it was customary for a couple to be legally married for about a year before the consummation. The bride continued to live with her family while the husband prepared their home. At the end of this time there was the "fetching of the bride" ceremony, where the groom took her back to his own home with family and friends accompanying them. Then, during the wedding party, the couple would retire and consummate their union. Clearly, within this long time frame unchastity was possible on the part of one of the spouses.
Why would Matthew be the only Evangelist to point out the possibility of dissolving such unions? Because he is the only one who mentions that, when Mary was discovered to be with child by the Holy Spirit, Joseph had in mind to divorce her quietly (Matt. 1:19). He alone would seem to have a reason to clarify why Joseph's planned course of action was legitimate, given what Jesus said later regarding marriage.
Others have interpreted the Greek term used for "unchastity"— porneia—as a reference to incest, the idea being that divorce and remarriage is permissible in the case of incestuous marriages, since the marriage was never valid to begin with. If this is correct, then we have the principle that underlies modern annulments: Those who are not validly married are free to contract it.
Advocates of this interpretation point out that porneia is not the usual Greek term for adultery. Indeed, in the passages cited above, Jesus uses the term for adultery (moicheia) and does not identify it with porneia. These advocates point out also that many peoples in the eastern-Mediterranean region had marriage practices that allowed unions forbidden by Leviticus 18. This caused problems when individuals wanted to convert to Judaism and Christianity. Did they have to leave their spouses? Matthew, writing in an eastern-Mediterranean context, would have had reason to insert a clarification to prevent such converts from using the unqualified statement as justification for staying with their current spouses.
The idea that porneia is being used in this narrow way is suggested by two other biblical passages. In Acts 15:29, it is proposed that, to avoid offending Jewish believers, Gentile converts abstain from eating idol meat, blood, strangled animals, and from porneia. These objections are often regarded as being based directly on Leviticus 17–18, where the same things are prohibited in the same order.
The second passage is 1 Corinthians 5:1, where Paul applies the word porneia to the case of a man who has married his stepmother—a case forbidden by Leviticus 18:8. These considerations make it reasonable to assume that porneia is being used in the exceptive clauses to refer to incestuous unions.
Whichever above arguments you find convincing, it is clearly false that Jesus meant to allow divorce and remarriage when one party has committed adultery. Matthew 19:9 has often been read against the context of the Hillel-Shammai debate and interpreted to mean that Jesus was simply siding with Shammai in permitting divorce only for adultery. But this does not square with two key points in the text.
First, 19:3 specifically says that the Pharisees were trying to test Jesus, and it uses a Greek word—peirazo—that the synoptic Gospels use to indicate an act of malice. Even John P. Meier, a biblical liberal, notes, "If the Pharisees are simply asking Jesus he favors the opinion of Hillel or Shammi, how does this constitute a malicious attempt to force him into a dilemma whereby one choice or either choice would involve a damaging statement? After all, both rabbinic opinions were perfectly respectable" (The Vision of Matthew, 252).
Second, Jesus' answer is so amazing that in 19:10 the disciples declare that it would be better not to marry if what Jesus has said is true. Meier again: "This is not a reaction to the well-known position of Shammai, which would hardly lead a Jew or anyone else to such a conclusion. Matthew has the disciples react all too humanly to Jesus' total prohibition of divorce" (ibid., 253).
Finally, "if Matthew were espousing adultery as grounds for divorce, he would soon run up against grave practical difficulties. In this hypothesis, Matthew would allow divorce and remarriage for a husband and wife who had committed adultery. But a husband and wife who remained faithful to each other would not be allowed to divorce; indeed their attempt at divorce would be considered adultery. Obviously, the only thing to do for a faithful Christian couple who wanted a divorce would be to commit adultery, after which a dissolution of the marriage would be allowed. What we wind up with is divorce on demand, with a technical proviso of committing adultery. This all constitutes a strange church discipline, one in which adultery seems encouraged and fidelity discouraged" (ibid.).
The situation Meier describes is actually found in many Protestant churches. Any experienced Evangelical counselor can attest that many Evangelicals who find themselves in difficult marital situations do commit such sins specifically for purposes of being able to divorce and remarry. They may say to themselves, "Jesus will forgive me afterwards" or "I have already been forgiven for all my sins—future ones included." Through this loophole Evangelicalism has absorbed the secular world's divorce and remarriage ethic, just as it has absorbed the secular world's contraceptive mentality.
Fortunately, in recent years all the interpretive options mentioned above have found advocates in conservative Protestant circles. Time will tell whether this new recognition of the seriousness of Jesus' teaching on divorce and remarriage will bear significant fruit.
Regarding a Sacramental marriage, the wiki on Annulments that Rob Duncan started will be helpful (http://www.speroforum.com/wiki/default.aspx/SperoWiki/MarriageAnnulment.html). I meant it in a "Catholic" context, which believes that only marriages that were not true (read Sacramental) from the first can be annulled.
Sin of Adultery: Marriage Does Not Legitimize Adultery ›


As with most rice harvests, part of the yield produced what is called "broken rice" and "rice husks" suitable for pig feed at our piggery. The yield from this part of the harvest will supply our piggery with enough feed for 9 months, thus saving us over $3,000—adding significantly to the farm's profitability.
The crop yielded enough high-quality rice to stock our 5 orphanages for 12 months, supplying a staple in the diets of our 100 orphans and 10 staff. We estimate that this harvest will save us approximately $6,805 in what we would have usually spent on rice during this time. The stock will be especially helpful during the rainy season when rice supplies dwindle and prices spike.
Not only will it supply the orphans with a staple in the local diet—the excess from the harvest will be sold at a time when the prices are best for the rice. These profits will help fund other nutritional, medical and education needs for the orphans.
In 2013, 33% of our in-country budget was supplied by profits from our farmland enterprise. In 2014 we project it will reach at least 50%. Our goal is 100% sustainability, but there will always be areas for growth and capital needs, thus the number will likely always be somewhere under 100% as long as donations for such needs are received from the public. Suffice it to say, we're very proud of our native team for their hard work in achieving such encouraging results.
There's so much we're thankful for about our progress in Myanmar for 2013, but we couldn't be happier with such great news to close out the year. Thank you for being a part of this work—the ultimate harvest of which is rescued and transformed lives.


Chennai, April, 2018:Dr. Agarwal's Eye HospiAtal today announced that they hadsuccessfully conducted aninnovative surgical treatment for Keratoconus, an eye disease where the cornea becomes thin and gradually develops into a conical shape, thereby creating serious impact tovision. Thisinnovative technique and FIRST TIME IN THE WORLDprocedure, the CORNEAL ALLOGENIC INTRA-STROMAL RING SEGMENT (CAIRS) was successfully performed on a 25-year-old Interior designer who hadsteep vision loss with discomfort while working.
This innovative CAIRS procedure receivedthe 'Best paper award'(for the treatment of Keratoconus and corneal ectasias) from American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Los Angeles. It has been extensively featured in the American Academyof Ophthalmologyofficial website and International Society of Refractive Surgery website and is to be published in the prestigious Journal of Refractive Surgery. The patient came with a severe defect in his cornea leading to poor vision in both his eyes. He hadblurry and distorted vision for more than 3 years and had a poor visual acuity of 5/60. The gradual decrease in vision hampered his routine professional work and regular activities.
Demonstrating on the occasion Dr.Soosan Jacob, Director & Chief, Dr. Agarwal'sRefractive and Cornea Foundation,and inventor of the technique,said, "The patient was diagnosed with severe Keratoconus in both eyes. Under such a situation, a corneal strengthening procedure would still leave the patient with huge power and an irregular cornea. However, when the strengthening procedure was done in combination with the new innovative procedure, CAIRS, thepatient was extremely comfortable with good improvement in visual acuity to 6/12 improving even further with glasses to 6/6".
"Taking advantage of innovative techniques and implementing new treatments, webring transformation in the field of Ophthalmology. Such award winning CAIRS procedures have been found to be useful in correcting corneal disorders thus potentially improving the visual acuity. It can also be considered as an effective procedurethat can avoid the need for corneal transplantation in thesepatients".
The new innovated CAIRS procedure is performed for Keratoconus patients by implanting corneal segments in the form of two semi-circular rings which alters the shape of the cornea and gives improvement in vision. It replaces theusual synthetic Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (ICRS) surgical therapy, and thus avoids the use of synthetic material within the human body. Although many patients experience notable improvement in vision with ICRS therapy, there are some cases where there is no subjective or objective improvement in vision. Moreover, the artificial synthetic material remains within the eye as a foreign object.In the case of the new innovated CAIRS procedure, eye donor tissue is used instead of synthetic segments and the procedure is much more cost effective.
Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital a comprehensive eye hospital offering a one-stop solution for eye ailments; was started in the year 1957. Now the hospital is in its 60thyear of offering quality services in eye care. It has 15 branches in Chennai and a visible footprint in the states of Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, Karnataka, Odisha, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andaman, West Bengal, and Rajasthan. A tertiary eye care centre at Mauritius marks its first step towards establishing an international presence extended upto 13 branches covering the Indian Ocean region, African countries and East Asia.


Mozilla Firefox for Mac is a fast, full-featured Web browser. Firefox for Mac includes pop-up blocking, tab-browsing, integrated Google, Yahoo and Bing search, simplified privacy controls, a streamlined browser window that shows you more of the page than any other browser and a number of additional features that work with you to help you get the most out of your time online. Download, Install or Update Firefox for Mac now!
Check out the new Firefox, which is first of several releases called Firefox Quantum for Mac, getting you to the things you love and the stuff you need faster than ever before, along with a fresh new look.
Crazy powerful browser engine? Check. Less time waiting around for pages to load? Also, check. Get the best Firefox yet.
Seamlessly access passwords, bookmarks and more. Plus, use our Send Tabs feature to instantly share open tabs between desktop, mobile and tablet.


The Financial Conduct Authority is the independent watchdog that regulates financial services. Evans and Lewis Insurance is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Our Registered number is 550774 and you can check our status at www.fca.org.uk/firms/systems-reporting/register or by contacting the FCA on 0800 111 6768. Our permitted business includes advising, arranging, dealing in and assisting with the placing and administration of all types of General Insurance policies.
We will also share your information with other Insurance Companies and other Brokers or Agents for the purpose of obtaining quotations and arranging cover, this may result in a Credit Check to confirm your identity and minimise the risk of fraud, but we will not give anyone else any personal information except on your instructions or authority, or where we are required to do so by law, or our regulatory requirements. Information about you and your insurances will be held while you are a client and for a minimum of three years, and in certain circumstances up to six years, after expiry of your policies. Under the Data Protection Act data, subjects have the right to see, and correct, personal information about them that we hold. Please write to our data protection officer at our usual office address if you wish to exercise your rights or have a complaint about our use of your data.
We are an independent insurance broker, who acts on our customers' behalf in arranging insurance. Our services include: advising you on your insurance needs; arranging your insurance cover with insurers to meet your requirements; and helping you with any ongoing changes you have to make. As part of our service, we will assist you with any claim you need to make and tell you what your responsibilities are in relation to making claims. If you mislay your policy at any time, we will issue a replacement policy document, if you request it.
Evans and Lewis's bank account is held at HSBC, 64 High Street, Newcastle, Staffs, ST5 1QN .
We will advise and make a recommendation for you after we have assessed your demands and needs. Our advice will be confirmed in a demands & needs and suitability statement, giving reasons for our recommendation.
Any holding deposits that are take prior to the inception of a policy are non refundable in the event of a policy not going ahead. Occasionally we may arrange a policy on which we earn no commission and in these cases we will advise you of the arrangement fee before you take the policy out. We may also make additional charges specific to the arrangement and servicing of certain policies, but these will always be advised to you in advance.
to request information regarding any commission which we may have received as a result of placing your insurance business.
EVANS AND LEWIS INSURANCE MAY CHARGE BROKER FEES ON POLICES SOLD . THESE MAY BE INITIAL POLICY FEES AND ALSO ADDITIONAL FEES ON ADDITIONAL COVER. THE BROKER FEE AND ANY ADDITIONAL FEE COMBINED AS A TOTAL , WILL NOT BE HIGHER THAN THE TOTAL OF THE INSURANCE PREMIUM AND THE INSURANCE PREMIUM TAX.
Failure to disclose material facts which results in the insurance policy being cancelled will result in NO refund of the monies paid. Any policies with pending claims will receive NIL refund on cancellation.
All cancellations must be put in writing and sent to us by post with the full policy documentation and returned to Mark Snow, Evans and Lewis Insurance, Holborn Court, Bridge Street, Newcastle , Staffs ST5 2RX and will be processed accordingly.
Our aim is to provide a first class service, however, if you wish to register a complaint, please contact us by writing to Mark Snow, Evans and Lewis Insurance, Holborn Court, Bridge Street, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 2RX or, by phone 01782 660590, by fax 01782 661396.
We will provide you with a copy of our full complaints procedure and respond to you promptly. We will keep you informed of the progress of your complaint and aim to make a final response to you within eight weeks, or keep you informed as to why this is not possible. In the event that your complaint relates to activities or services provided by another party, we will ensure that your complaint is appropriately forwarded in writing, and will track the progress of the complaint and responses of that party. After our final response has been issued, if you still cannot settle your complaint with us, you may be entitled to refer it to the Financial Ombudsman Service, for an independent assessment and opinion.
Insurance advising and arranging is covered for 90% of the claim, without an upper limit. For compulsory insurances (for example, motor insurance and employers' liability insurance), insurance advising and arranging is covered for 100% of the claim, without an upper limit. Further information about compensation scheme arrangements is available from the FSCS.
We normally accept payment by guaranteed cheque or the following credit/debit cards – Visa and Mastercard,. You may be able to spread your payments through insurers' instalment schemes or a credit scheme, which we have arranged with an established insurance premium finance provider, however rates and acceptance may be subject to a credit check. l.
Please Note: Your policy cover will cease if you fail to keep up payments on an instalment agreement .We may receive interest on monies held.
It is your responsibility to provide complete and accurate information to insurers when you take out your insurance policy, throughout the life of your policy, and when you renew your insurance. It is important that you ensure that all statements you make on proposal forms, statements of fact, claim forms and other documents are full and accurate.
Thank you for your interest in Evans & Lewis Insurance.
Please fill out the form and we will get back to you within 1 business days.


text:
James Arthur Edward Eggleton (29 August 1897 – 13 January 1963) was an English professional football centre half, best remembered for his long association with Queens Park Rangers. He served the club as a player, trainer, reserve team manager and odd-job man manager for 37 years. He also played for Football League clubs Watford and Charlton Athletic.

Personal life
Eggleton served as a gunner in the Royal Artillery during the First World War and was gassed during the course of his service.

Career statistics

References

English footballers
English Football League players
1897 births
1963 deaths
People from Heston
Footballers from Hounslow
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Artillery soldiers
Association football wing halves
Slough Town F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Watford F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. non-playing staff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
TV&Showbiz
Instep Today
Al-Qaeda chief after OBL's death, Ayman Al-Zawahiri has passed away: sources
AFP & Web Desk
It is believed Zawahiri has died by natural causes, with one source saying he had asthma for which he had no formal treatment
Share Next Story >>>
Osama bin Laden, left, sits with his adviser and later successor Ayman Al-Zawahri during an interview with Dawn newspaper November 10, 2001. — AFP/File
Ayman Al-Zawahiri, who succeeded Osama Bin Laden as the chief of Al-Qaeda — the group behind the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States — has passed away, reported Arab News, citing multiple sources.
The news comes a few days after social media carried speculation that the Al-Qaeda chief had passed away. Zawahiri was last seen in a video message that was released by the militant group on the 19th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks in the US.
Arab News stated in its report that it spoke to at least four security sources in Pakistan and Afghanistan — who spoke on condition of anonymity — out of which two confirmed Zawahiri's death.
An Al-Qaeda translator said Zawahiri had died last week in Ghazni. "He died of asthma because he had no formal treatment."
A Pakistani official has been cited by Arab News as saying that he believed Zawahiri had died, most probably by natural causes.
Another source close to the Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan said Zawahiri had died this month and that a few followers had offered his funeral prayers. He did not elaborate as to whether the funeral prayers were offered in absentia or as his body was buried in the grave. "What we know is that he was having some breathing issues and has passed away somewhere in Afghanistan," said the source.
"We have received the same information that Zawahiri died about a month ago," a Pakistani source, privy to anti-terror operations in Afghanistan, reportedly told Arab News.
However, Arab News said it spoke to another Pakistani official who said that Zawahiri was in Afghanistan and had been "extremely ill" but said he was not aware whether the Al-Qaeda leader was dead or not.
"To my knowledge he was extremely ill and had the issue of kidney failure," the intelligence official said. "He was unable to manage his dialysis but I still need to confirm if he has died."
The US has said that it has received news of Zawahiri's death but had not verified it yet.
The reports have come as questions grow over Al-Qaeda's future intentions, with the network radically different from the franchise that spread fear around the world under the leadership of the charismatic Bin Laden.
The killing of Bin Laden in a US operation in Pakistan in 2011 left the group in the hands of Al-Zawahiri, an Egyptian veteran of the key Al-Qaeda ideologue, but without Bin Laden's ability to rally radicals around the world.
Hassan Hassan, director of the US-based Center for Global Policy (CGP), said at the weekend that al-Zawahiri had died a month ago of natural causes.
And Rita Katz, director of the media monitor SITE, said unconfirmed reports were circulating that Al-Zawahiri had died.
"It is very typical of AQ to not publish news about the death of its leaders in a timely manner," she said.
Nonetheless, this is not the first time there have been reports of Al-Zawahiri's death, only for him to re-emerge on several occasions.
"Intelligence agencies believe he is very sick," said Barak Mendelsohn, associate professor at Haverford College and author of several books on Al-Qaeda.
"Ultimately, if it did not happen now, it will happen soon," he told AFP.
If either or both men are dead, the group they have left behind can in no way be compared to the network which planned and carried out the September 11 attacks, analysts say.
Its ideology has spawned several franchises across the world that bear its name, including in Africa's Sahel region, in Pakistan as well as in Somalia, Egypt and Yemen.
But it does not control their actions or the alliances that they may forge on a local level.
Mendelsohn said he expected Al-Qaeda's leadership to act more along the lines of a "board of advisors" in the future.
"People will listen to AQ central leadership if they want to, not because they think they are bound to obey its view," he said.
No longer the supreme militant group, Al-Qaeda has seen other outfits grow and has sometimes clashed with them on the ground.
It has been overshadowed by Daesh which sought to carve out a caliphate in Iraq and Syria and coordinated attacks in Europe.
The key challenge of a new leader would be to retain the group's potency within this context.
Many analysts point to one key candidate — Saif al-Adel, a former lieutenant-colonel in the Egyptian armed forces who joined the Egyptian jihadist movement in the 1980s.
He was arrested and then released, ending up in Afghanistan which was the base for Bin Laden and Al-Zawahiri, and joining Al-Qaeda.
According to the US-based Counter Extremism Project (CEP) think tank, he was arrested in Iran in 2003 and freed in 2015 in a prisoner exchange. He was still believed to be in Iran in 2018 as one of Al-Zawahiri's key deputies.
"Adel played a crucial role in building Al-Qaeda's operational capabilities and quickly ascended the hierarchy," the CEP said.
Mendelsohn said Adel was a "big name" in the movement and "should be the next in line".
But he stressed that Adel, along with Abdullah, spent several years hiding in Iran, thus possibly staying away from Al-Qaeda's new generation of leaders.
"I'm not sure how strong his position is within Al-Qaeda, especially now that the old generation, basically all the old guard, is dead."
Icy conditions prevail in most parts of England after heavy snow
UK parliamentarians debate on 'political situation in Indian-occupied Kashmir'
Hong Kong police arrest 11 people including human rights lawyer
Twitter chief says Trump ban destructive in long-term
Snapchat joins Facebook and Twitter in banning Donald Trump from platform
WHO experts arrives in Wuhan to probe origins of coronavirus
Trump on brink of unprecedented second impeachment
Snowfall in Saudi Arabia's Asir region leaves mountains, deserts covered with white snow sheet
Estonia's prime minister resigns over corruption scandal
After nearly seven decades, US executes first woman on federal death row
US President Donald Trump suspended from YouTube for a week
Saudi Arabia decides to reopen all airports from March 31
Trump warns of rising anger among supporters over impeachment
Severe weather hits Austria, temperature likely to go down to -25℃
San Diego Zoo reports coronavirus cases in two gorillas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Koromo is the collective name for Koi with Koromo Scalation.
Koromo is the Japanese term to describe the blue or black "robing" or outlining of scales on red markings that result in a mesh pattern. It also applies to the brushed or smeared effect of sumi onto hi. Koromo is the collective name for Koi with koromo scalation.
The Koromo variety is a hybrid between the Asagi and the Kohaku, or Taisho, or Showa Sankes.
This is the most typical Koromo and is produced by breeding Kohaku to Asagi. For maximum effect, the koromo must be contrasted with a ground of thick but pure and unblemished white and the hi pattern must be as that of Kohaku. The addition of the Koromo allows for a readily acceptable, more broken, and flowery pattern.
The robing for Aigoromo is blue fukurin (edging) in a half moon shape on the posterior side of the scales. It should not extend onto the white ground but be confined within the hi marking. No robing should be seen on the head. Moto-hi but not motoguro is allowed on the pectoral fins.
It takes time for it to stabilize and mature. In most cases the robing will only achieve its full effect when a fish is four or five years old. A young fish with dirty-looking hi and just a hint of indigo will eventually achieve the desired quality of robing. Unfortunately, the white ground is prone to develop jami, or stains, making it difficult to find outstanding specimens of Aigoromo.
The Aigoromo was established around 1950.
Budo can be translated as "grape" and the patterning must resemble clusters of grapes. The wine colored markings are best revealed when they show up in relief on a top quality white ground.
As indicated by the name, the koromo will be sumi rather than ai. The sumi does not "fill" the scale but spears as though it was brushed on or smeared unevenly. It also does not have the fukurin effect as in Aigoromo. The sumi appears on the hi marking of the head and the overall impression of the Koi is that it looks austere.
A cross of Aigoromo and Sanke, it features a mesh pattern of indigo koromo over the hi markings of a Sanke. In other words, such a Koi has two types of sumi, that of Sanke (hon-zumi) and of Koromo (koromo-zumi).
A cross of Aigoromo and Showa. The indigo koromo creates a mesh pattern over the hi markings of a Showa.


Amazon Price: $133.95 (as of April 17, 2019 3:41 pm – Details). Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on the Amazon site at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.
Black Steel 7" Seven Shank with Sweet Iron Forward Tilt Ported Barrel (MB 36) Copper Inlay Mouth. This mouthpiece is made of polished Sweet Iron which naturally oxidizes. About the mouthpiece: the 36 mouthpiece is a Myler alternative to the traditional mullen mouthpiece. Like the traditional mullen the 36 is also a solid curved bar that sits across the bars of the horse's mouth, but it has a wide low port that allows the tongue to pass under the bit comfortably. The port is ¼" high, just enough to allow the tongue to elevate and swallow, but not high enough for palate pressure. Because the port is low, the 36 doesn't offer as much tongue relief as other Level Two-Tree mouthpieces with slightly higher ports because the tongue is still somewhat restricted. The 36 mouthpiece is identical to the 06, except the 36 port is tilted forward at a 45º angle. As a result, the 36 offers more tongue relief than the 06, but when the reins are engaged, the tilted port will apply more tongue pressure than the 06. The curved mouthpiece wraps the horse's mouth, allowing more space for the tongue under the bit. When the reins are engaged, the 36 applies pressure primarily to the bars and lip. This mouthpiece also has Independent Side Movement . This mouthpiece is a step up in tongue relief from Level Two. The 06 mouthpiece offers less tongue pressure than the 36 but offers less tongue relief when the reins are relaxed. For more tongue relief and less tongue pressure, see the 43LP. From The Level Best for Your Horse by Dale, Ron and Bob Myler. ©Toklat Originals, Inc.


text:
March 2018 performance results
Yarra Trams delivered 98.8 per cent of services in February with 78.7 per cent of services arriving on time.
Maribyrnong Road and Raleigh Road track repair and signal points
Details of tram work at Maribyrnong Road and Raleigh Road commencing at 12:01am Saturday 28 April continuing 24 hours a day until 5am Tuesday 1 May 2018.
Be a part of the autonomous transport future
Victorians are being offered the chance to be among the first in the State to experience a journey in an autonomous vehicle in a trial at the Bundoora Campus of La Trobe University.
February 2018 performance results
Improving tram safety in Park Street as part of Metro Tunnel
Two new platform tram stops are now open in Park Street, South Melbourne, improving safety and accessibility on Route 58.
January 2018 performance results
Yarra Trams delivered 98.6 per cent of services in January with 87.8 per cent of services arriving on time.
Australian Open 2018 - Transporting hundreds of thousands of fans
Hundreds of thousands of tennis fans took trams to see their favourite players battle it out at the 2018 Australian Open
St Kilda Junction Substation Delivery and Crane Lift
Delivery of prefabricated substation to St Kilda Junction to be then lifted into place by crane.
Explore the Night with all-night public transport on weekends
Night Network lets you explore Melbourne's vibrant nightlife safely and conveniently with public transport running all night on weekends.
December 2017 Performance Results
Yarra Trams delivered 97.9 per cent of services in December with 80.7 per cent of services arriving on time.


text:
Q: Windows 7 and 8.0 bug: Network icon is marked as "no internet access" When does windows mark network connection icon as having no internet access?
I have internet access, but the icon says I don't. If I run troubleshooter, it finds no any problems. But the icon still says no internet access (yellow triangle with exclamation mark).
UPDATE
Problem manifestates on several computers in the LAN, so it is not network card dependent.
Also problem is related with Windows Store operation: Windows 7 and 8.0 bug: Store: PC is not connected to Internet, try again later
Also problem disappears on Windows 8.1, so this is a bug of Windows 8.0

A: Try the following :
Go to Computer -> System properties -> Device Manager --> Network adapters: double-click this entry in the list

*

*Now Right-click your network adapter (or wireless adapter) --> Uninstall … BUT LEAVE "UNCHECKED" the box marked "Delete the driver software for this device"

*After uninstalling, the Device Manager list refreshes. In the blue area near the top of the screen, click Actions, then Scan for hardware changes.This should reinstall the network adapter, and the device driver software for it.

*Restart your PC.

A: In my case (Windows 10), it seemed to be an invalid local certificate created by an old installment (maybe created by Fiddler?) which I had on Windows 8 before I upgraded to Windows 10.
Go to:

*

*Control Panel -> Internet Options -> Content -> Certificates ->
Personal

*Check if you have a certificate with status invalid

*Remove it.

*Reboot.

A: If there is a "plane mode" under your Windows device, you can use it (turn it on and then off) to refresh this icon without rebooting. It works fine under my Windows 7 laptop.
Of course, you will have to repeat this every time you face the problem but it is a quick and easy way to proceed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Thank you. We'll be in touch if there's a good fit.
We really appreciate your interest in Kobalt, but please note that we do not accept unsolicited submissions of unreleased material. Due to the high volume of submissions, we do not respond to all requests. We will endeavor to consider each one thoroughly, and contact those that we wish to pursue further.


text:
Home TV News Countdown to WandaVision: An Appreciation of Darcy Lewis
Who says side characters can't catch a break when it comes to big-budget shows? Fans of the underdogs will be happy to know that Thor's Darcy Lewis as played by Kat Jennings and Ant-Man's Jimmy Woo as played by Randall Park will both be making their comebacks in WandaVision when it debuts this Friday.
As a former student of political science at Culver University, Doctor Darcy Lewis served as an intern for Erik Selvig and was once (or still?) Jane Foster's assistant. What exactly has the new Mighty Thor's loveable colleague been up to since we last saw her in Thor: The Dark World? What's even more interesting is that none of the other human characters have come back to either the small screen or big screen. What exactly makes the eccentric Darcy so special that she seems to have been handpicked to return?
Of course, we'll never really know the actual answer to that until January 15th, but suffice it to say that fans greatly appreciate the particular brand of comic relief that Darcy brings to the stage. Don't let her quirkiness fool you, though—she's as brilliant at brilliance will ever be, and director Matt Shakman agrees. Throwing us a bone as to what Darcy's been up to so far, he says, "She's gone on to become Dr. Darcy Lewis now. So, she's a real expert in her field."
This statement is actually even more interesting when you think about the context of her first appearance in Thor. Erik Selvig initially thought that she was a scientist, to which she replied that she's actually in political science. But even then, she was the first to notice the so-called anomaly that brought Thor's presence to Earth through the Bifrost Bridge. This only means that Darcy is a natural when it comes to assessing situations and detecting inconsistencies, which is why it's no surprise that she is now, as mentioned, a "real expert" in the field. She's also one tough cookie above all else, because while her easygoing demeanor makes it seem like she's easily underestimated, let's not forget that she herself went through a terrible ordeal with the Dark Elves and lived to tell the tale.
Because she will be teaming up with Agent Woo from Ant-Man and the Wasp, we'll definitely be seeing more of her brainy antics as they work together for S.W.O.R.D., which is short for Sentient World Observation and Response Department (it's the sister organization of S.H.I.E.L.D.). It has also been speculated that they will work alongside Captain Marvel's Monica Rambeau (Teyonah Parris), albeit now an adult version of what we last saw in the movie.
Is it that obvious that we're just too excited about the show that we can't stop blabbering on and on about it? What are YOU looking forward to the most when the series debuts this Friday? Let us know your thoughts and feels in the comments section below!
New Doctor Strange Set Photos
Of Baby Laster Tags and Pandemic Parallels: Looking Forward to The Boys Season 2
What We'd Like to See in the Batgirl Movie
Chris Pine on Wonder Woman!
Pokemon Go! Launch Trailer Wants You to Move!
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Ethan Supovitz -


First posted 06.01.14. Last updated 30.09.14.
A list of things that we may indulge in, and to which we may react emotionally, but that actually serve little purpose and just occupy energy, time and space of our short lifetimes.
A problem either has a solution, and you can do something about it, or you have to accept it as it is and move on. Sometimes it isn't easy to see a clear solution to a problem, but that simply means relaxing, raising your mood, and allow your mind to wrap around the issue.
Drama is sharing and gossiping with friends whose opinions about someone else are pretty strong, but in reality are as clueless as you. Drama is not knowing how to handle something, and then feeding off of others who don't really know either – so you don't feel alone. Drama is going around in circles in a mud pool and pretending to be solving something. Drama is 100% useless. There is no useful drama whatsoever, at all.
Drama may be fun in a sense, but it's just that: a diversion. Entertainment. A way to tingle your raw emotions, your insecurity, and your ego, to keep you flustered and distracted. Enjoy drama all you want, but be detached from it. Know it's simply loud noises and flashing bright lights, with no real substance.
Like creativity, all inspired solutions come from a still, relaxed, and joyful mind. Drama does the opposite: it stirs the waters and raises all the sand in the bottom. When you have to handle something that is personally meaningful to you, the less drama you indulge in, the better.
You may argue that competition among companies is beneficial to the consumer. To a point, in practical terms, I agree. Coming in contact with a different perspective always puts your own vision in… perspective. However, personal competition is absolutely unnecessary. In that sense, there is no such thing as 'healthy' competition.
Wanting the best for yourself is not 'being competitive'. Everyone wants the best to oneself. What is perceived as being the best thing varies along each person's path, spiritual and otherwise. Being competitive, however, is trying to have the best for me, while believing that such a thing (whatever it is) is limited, there isn't enough to go around. So now I'm in direct competition with my neighbor, which might get there first, or fare better than me, and steal the limited stuff.
You came here on Earth with a very specific set of abilities and talents that are completely unique. Each person is absolutely unique. If you allow yourself to walk your own shoes and life path (and this is a big if), that which you do will be unique. That which will match you perfectly will be absolutely unique. Your relationship(s) that match you perfectly will be unique.
Even if you engage in a business, if that business comes forth from your inner unique Essence, all competition that you may perceive will essentially be an illusion – or simply a way to improve and perfect your business core model and your expertise – because the service or product you'll offer is unique in itself, or offered in an unique way, that no one else will be able to replicate.
Even if there are 10 other persons in your street selling the same thing you're selling, the unique way you deliver your services or make your product will necessarily find a niche for you. If you are a healer, doesn't matter how many other healers perform a therapy with the same name: you will attract the people who will need to receive that therapy from you. The trick is always to follow inner discernment and nothing else. Whatever you're being called to, is the right thing. The calling is the marker. It's the arrow that points to the path, and you simply have to follow it.
There will be no reason whatsoever to compete with anyone. There is no-one to appease to, no-one to convince, no-one to rise up to. There will be no need to look sideways to the neighbor's grass. There will be no need to comparison – although our human self loves to check itself for progress by doing it. But this is drama. In absolute terms, if you're aligned with your uniqueness, you find your own sweet spot.
In your personal life you are absolutely free to deal with things by whichever way it works for you. Whatever floats your boat. That is, in fact, the lesson: you are your own experiment. However, when you make a "resolution" that is external, this creates stress. You're putting yourself in a cage that you will eventually want to come out of. There is a separation between your mental process and your actual reality.
"I won't eat meat" (but you may need to). "I won't eat chocolate" (but you may actually love it and need it to feel happy). "I won't watch T.V." (but sometimes you'd like it to unwind). "I'll save money instead of buying this [___] that I wanted" (but you may needed a little pampering at that time).
Resolutions may be appropriate if you as a whole feel the same way about them. This is often the case when something "struck a chord" within you. The resulting commitment is less of a resolution and more of a shift in paradigm. But if one side of you is "determined" to do something, but at the expense of another side which is being omitted or coerced, there is unbalance.
A way to handle this is by treating everything in life as temporary. Everything is an experiment, everything is dynamic. Now I eat chocolate, now I don't. No I pamper myself with this "toy", now I save money. No rules. Deciding as you go.
Life is less about rules and more about finding balance. Analyzing your own impulses, and discerning from desires that are unbalanced from wishes that are appropriate and healthy, can be challenging. But it comes with practice. Doing so allows you to learn lessons by watching results in yourself, how things work for you. You take responsibility for what you rather than externalizing your behavior in external rules.
A preference is when you like something and dislike another. A judgement is labeling something as "right" or "wrong" according to a specific set of values. You are, of course, making a kind of "judgement" when assessing if a situation is good for you, if you like it. But by judgement I mean the prejudice, the labeling of something or someone as intrinsically wrong.
You may react strongly to something you perceive is negative and inappropriate to you, insofar that it allows you to cleanly detach and liberate from a situation. You are entitled to reject and protect yourself from situations and people that by your preferences you do not wish to experience or engage with.
But a judgement of value is destructive, as it neglects the whole portion of the truth. You don't know what you would do if you were in the other person's shoes. You don't know if the thing that is destructive to you, is needed by someone else, or what benefits it brings. A judgement is made from a partial belief, a belief of separation, and all actions based upon this belief will hurt both you and the other person.
If you find yourself having a peeve against some element in your current reality, it's actually a part of your own belief systems that calls for attention.


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Q: Uploading to Artifactory fails sometime randomaly As part of my CI/CD part of our pipeline is to upload artifacts to our local Artifactory server for deployment
sometimes randomly this message pops up (estimably week of no-usage) and fails the pipeline
09:23:16  [Error] Server response: 401 Unauthorized
09:23:16  {
09:23:16    "errors": [
09:23:16      {
09:23:16        "status": 401,
09:23:16        "message": "Token failed verification: expired"
09:23:16      }
09:23:16    ]
09:23:16  }
09:23:16  [Error] Server response: 401 Unauthorized
09:23:16  {
09:23:16    "errors": [
09:23:16      {
09:23:16        "status": 401,
09:23:16        "message": "Token failed verification: expired"
09:23:16      }
09:23:16    ]
09:23:16  }

After I just login to the server and log off it goes back to the normal message:
11:07:49  [Info] Searching items to download...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 2] Downloading Repo/xxx.tar.gz
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 0] Downloading Repo/yyy.tar.gz
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 2] [2]: 206 Partial Content...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 0] [0]: 206 Partial Content...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 2] [0]: 206 Partial Content...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 2] [1]: 206 Partial Content...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 0] [1]: 206 Partial Content...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 0] [2]: 206 Partial Content...
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 2] Done downloading.
11:07:49  [Info] [Thread 0] Done downloading.
11:07:49  {
11:07:49    "status": "success",
11:07:49    "totals": {
11:07:49      "success": 2,
11:07:49      "failure": 0
11:07:49    }
11:07:49  }

I use API key from our servers to connect to the Artifactory server with jfrog-cli
Any suggestions what might make it happen?

A: Could you please confirm if the issue is specific to the repositories that are a part of NuGet packaging by any chance and also having the anonymous access enabled for the Artifactory instance?
If yes, consider configuring the "Force authentication" for the concerned repository that is a part of this build. This should help in overcoming the reported issue.


text:
BBC's Eurovision New Year: Sam Ryder and Rylan will help UK viewers usher in 2023
byDavid Smith
PHOTO: EBU / CORINNE CUMMING
It's a good year to be a U.K. Eurovision fan. And it's going to be a good New Year, too.
In November the BBC announced Sam Ryder's All Star New Year's Eve, a special show to welcome 2023. In a press release it said:
"Made by BBC Studios Entertainment, this spectacular celebration will see Sam joined by some of music's biggest stars to put on an out of this world New Year Eve extravaganza as the nation builds up to the midnight moment. Performing hits which span the decades, Sam and his all-star guests will party into 2023. After heading live to the banks of the River Thames as London is lit up with the first full fireworks display since 2019. The celebrations will continue after midnight with Sam's take on classic tunes and a number of special duets, guaranteed to keep the nation singing and dancing until the small hours."
And now the BBC has announced even more programming, including a special broadcast of Het Grote Songfestivalfeest — the massive Eurovision concert in Amsterdam, which many of you may have attended last month.
We're pasting the BBC press release in full below.
BBC kicks off the year of Eurovision this New Year with special programming
As the excitement continues to build for the Eurovision Song Contest 2023, the BBC will be bringing audiences a special celebration concert this New Year's Eve to kick the year of Eurovision in the UK off in style.
The BBC will deliver the 2023 Eurovision Song Contest on behalf of Ukraine to a global audience of more than 160 million as it takes place in May 2023 in host city Liverpool.
To get the party started, The Big Eurovision Party sees some of the biggest stars in the recent history of the Contest take to the stage to perform their best known Eurovision bangers and ballads. The party is presented by Eurovision legend Edsilia Rombley, with the UK's very own Rylan taking viewers back stage to chat with the stars. Acts performing include 2022 winners Kalush Orchestra, Subwoolfer, Stefania, TIX and Sam Ryder. The concert airs on New Year's Eve immediately after Sam Ryder welcomes in 2023 on BBC One and BBC iPlayer.
The concert, which took place in the Netherlands last month and has been acquired for the BBC by Rachel Ashdown, Lead Commissioner for Eurovision Song Contest.
On December 30, a very special edition of The Weakest Link sees Eurovision stars and presenters take part in the much loved quiz show. Former Eurovision performers Duncan James, Cheryl Baker, Sonia and Kate Robbins appear alongside Scott Mills, Tia Kofi, Lauren Layfield, and Sarah Cawood. The show sees BAFTA award winning comedian Romesh Ranganathan host as the players work as a team to try to win up to £50,000 for their individual chosen charity. Each round, one player will be voted The Weakest Link by their fellow contestants and will leave with nothing. After a final head to head, one player will be crowned The Strongest Link and will take the prize.
The Big Eurovision Party and The Weakest Link: Eurovision Song Contest Special join the previously announced Sam Ryder's All Star New Year's Eve which sees 2022 Eurovision runner up Sam Ryder welcome in 2023. This spectacular celebration will see Sam joined by some of music's biggest stars to put on an out of this world New Year Eve extravaganza.
Rylan says: "What better way to kick off the year of Eurovision in the UK than this incredible evening of programming on the BBC. The Big Eurovision Party is the perfect pre-party to the main event in May 2023 and we can't wait to see new and existing fans enjoy the incredible music the Contest has to offer."
Before all this, Eurovision fans can cheer on 13 year old Freya Skye as she represents the UK at Junior Eurovision Song Contest which audiences can watch live this weekend, Sunday 11 December from 3pm on BBC One, BBC iPlayer and CBBC. The UK commentators for The Junior Eurovision Song Contest on the BBC are Lauren Layfield and HRVY.
Poll: Who should win Ukraine's Vidbir 2023?
Potential Artist Profile
Rina Sawayama: Five reasons the U.K. should select her for Eurovision 2023
byEdd Keith
Eurovision 2023 Allocation Draw: Rylan and AJ Odudu to host from Liverpool on January 31
Eurovision 2023 stage design: What can we expect from Liverpool?
bySamuel George Baugh
New music this week: Songs from Barbara Pravi, Ira Losco & AIDAN, Senhit and more
Step into Christmas: New festive songs from Sam Ryder, Francesco Gabbani, THE ROOP and more
Sam Ryder: Debut album hits Number 1 on UK charts
New music this week: Songs from Sam Ryder, Helena Paparizou, Harel Skaat and more
Rylan is a viewer repellent. Why do TV channels insist on pushing his annoying personality on Eurovision fans?
Reply to romeo
Please not Rylan to host 2023. Not even the semi final commentary, there a far more better presenters out there
Jofty
They would have to give a warning before the show about his teeth
YAS! Impressive to have him for the prestigious NYE show! BBC showed massive support to the Eurovision act this year which is exactly what we've been asking them to do all these years in the past.
Sam deserved all the success! Go stream his new album, out today!
Purple Mask
Yaaaas!
Great to see the BBC taking Eurovision hosting duties so seriously – I'm very impressed.
Worries me slightly though that Rylan is so involved – I think he's got the presenting job for Liverpool in the bag, if this isn't a hint I don't know what is!
I like Rylan very much but he doesn't have the experience for such a huge live event.
Reply to Robbie
I think he is more likely a Green Room candidate though I was rather hoping for Philomena Cunk.
Reply to Jofty
Maybe the BBC will do a 2009 and have different presenters for the semi-finals.
Who would you pick Jonas? I've no clue really but I would personally pick Alex Jones and Matt Baker as the main hosts with Mel Giedroyc in the green room (Alex and Matt are so personable, calm and professional and Mel, well she's as mad as a brush.
I don't know a lot of the names, but I would like Claudia Winkleman. Maybe with Timur or some other Ukrainian presenter. I'd like to see Graham Norton on camera somehow, he and Claudia did well at the Eurovision Dance Contest in Glasgow a long time ago, they're probably only better now.
I thought it was going to be a Ukrainian presenter. Also, I think the presenter needs to be able to speak English and French, which would rule out many of the UK's top presenters (sadly).
Reply to Purple Mask
Fiona Bruce and David Dimbleby? "Good evening, Europe, you are live at the BBC!"
David McCall is a fluent French speaker.
In an alternate universe, maybe the BBC can hire Eva Green to do it.
Reply to Jimmy
I think we need to keep it young. Tomasz Schafernacker (he would need to order more of those tight suits), Vick Hope, Tina Daheely, Chris Hughes. Not Rita Ora heaven help us. I do love Fiona though and her experience of slapping people down on Question Time might come in handy when those juries try to sing or make jokes when calling in the votes.
All good, except I believe that David Dimbleby has retired from live television.
Is Colin Berry still around?
Indeed. I wasn't being all so serious about Fiona and David – though Fiona would be particularly good for the voting segment as Jofty says and her French is excellent.
I definitely want to see a Ukranian presenter sharing the stage, and I hope it can be Timur.
Vick Hope and Fleur East are both fluent in French.
Reply to Kim
Ooo interesting.
Omfg, now I need Philomena in green room
I'm enjoying the image of Philomena Cunk as green room interviewer – nice idea!
I think the style of humour would struggle as a live performance, especially outside of the UK, but they could get Diane Morgan to do some pre-recorded interviews and segments, like, the UK's version of Linda Woodruff.
Yes, great idea! Philomena would probably try to fit in unsuitable anecdotes about her mate Paul at exactly the wrong moment. Would like to set her loose on Ben Michael David though there probably would be a full-scale "diplomatic incident".
Sam is a superstar. He's had a tremendous year. And here in my household, Christmas has come early as that online retailer which shares a name with a river have delivered my copy of Sam's debut album three days before it hits the shop and streaming shelves. Fans are in for a treat. Stand out tracks are the ones he's issued in previous years "Tiny riot" "more" and "Space man" but there is no doubt this is a real feel good album. Sometimes it verges towards a little bit glee-esque, but I think Sam just about gets away with it.… Read more »
Reply to Ted
He is, but what a pity his excellent follow-up singles haven't done so well. It's not too late for the album, though. Forget all these pop-up shows, what the UK really need is an ex-Eurovision act to keep churning out hits.


The Autism Project of Rhode Island's Social Skills Group information and descriptions for children and young adults with autism and related disorders.
This group is designed to offer a supportive environment where participants can practice social skills. Age appropriate activites are used to support the development of friendships and to build interests in different leisure activities.
This group is co-facilitated by our Figgy's Art Studio affiliate. Through individual and group art projects, participants learn more about social expectations, effective peer interactions and functional skills for group participation. A variety of mediums are explored in an effort to discover each artist's unique style.
Our "Curtain Call" social group uses theatre as a medium to promote expressive communication, regulation of emotions, and social interactions. Co-facilitated by a teaching artist from the Trinity Repertory Company and a licensed clinician, the program incorporates individual objectives for each participant and specialized ASD strategies to help adolescents and teens learn, communicate, and build self esteem.
Players of all abilities will engage in activities teaching the fundamental skills of basketball. Activities and drills target emotional regulation, communication, following game rules and team work. Participants also work on coordination, core strength, balance and endurances.
This group is held in a Pods Swimming facility and a specially designed program implements pool safety, swimming techniques and water games in a visually structured environment.
Music, which activates a different part of the brain than speech, has been demonstrated to be an effective channel for addressing some of the core deficits of autism, including expressive communication and self-regulation capacity.
Basic social concepts are introduced. Group goals focus on improving self regulation, conversational skills and the ability to recognize and express emotions. This group incorporates movement, role play and hands-on activities to enhance learning experiences.
This highly structured group utilizes motivating activities to increase joint attention and positive peer relations. Visual supports, environmental structure, movement and creative curriculum enhance participation and understanding.
This group focuses on specific activities to build important life skills such as cooking and preparing meals, shopping, managing money, doing daily chores and more. Independence skills are the focus of this program in a highly structured and supportive setting.


text:
"When you start watching what the batsman's doing with his hands, his feet, and you start reacting to that - that's when you take your bowling up a notch." Rangana Herath
Emal Pasarly, 37, of the BBC Pashto service has been following Afghanistan's cricketing success longer than anyone else. His informed insights have shaped his countrymen's understanding of the game and he has played a significant part in building support for his country's greatest export.
We spoke to him at Bush House in London.
"I have to pinch myself to believe it."
When you were forced to leave Afghanistan during the war with Russia, how old were you?
I was seven when I left. I am 37 now. We have different dates for birthdays; one is which is the Afghanistan calendar which is now 1389 and another one which is 2010. I was born in one year and when we migrated to Pakistan, my parents didn't know the other year.
How come, unlike the others in the camps who played cricket, they're good and you're not?
(Laughs) I never lived in a camp to start with. It was in 1981 when I was living in a colony in Peshawar city which had a few houses and a small ground in the compound. I was standing in front of my door one day when some kids were playing a game, a game I didn't know. It was similar to baseball but it wasn't that. The boys wanted an additional player and so they asked me to join in and so I went. In the first hour, they handed the ball to me and I bowled and liked it as well. I used to then watch it on TV but other Afghan families and mine hated cricket and they didn't allow me to watch it. I remember taking the TV to the bathroom and watching it in there secretly. There were so many Afghans who used to watch cricket secretively. Eventually even my family got hooked to cricket and they started watching too. I never took cricket seriously because I played football for my college and club but at the same time I played cricket too.
Emal with Afghanistan captain Nawroz Mangal
© Leslie Knott
At that time around you in Peshawar, did you know of the talent that existed? How many Afghans live in Peshawar?
I was not aware of the abundance of talent and even now the number of Afghans living in Pakistan is still not clear. The figure is between two to three million and after some of them came in and returned home, the figure is approximately ten million. Back in the 80s, there were one or two Afghans playing in a Peshawar club. Asghar Stanikzai, the current national player, used to play for that club. I remember there was a fast bowler who was very quick and people used to say that he was a refugee. When we used to watch them play, we used to be secretly proud to have them playing in Pakistan. Even in the camps, cricket prospered late. It wasn't in the 80s, it was later. In another camp where Shahpoor and Dawlat Ahmadzai started playing, I remember kids only started playing in the late 80s or early 90s.
Was there any sense of rivalry between locals and Afghan players?
It was not in cricket, it was in football. Afghan refugees had their own teams in football and they used to play hard. They had one or two of their own clubs and there was a rivalry with the locals. In cricket, because the Afghans didn't have a club there was no such thing. There were one or two Afghans playing within the Pakistani club and so no one noticed them and nobody bothered to notice them as somebody else. They spoke the same language, they grew up in the same streets and they were friends from the beginning.
With Afghanistan national cricketer Noor Ali Zadran
Looking back at what the current crop of players has come from – we see them as champions in life, let alone in cricket. Did you have that similar struggle?
I had no such experience. I was one of the very, very few lucky Afghans to get an education within the Pakistani schools. Most Afghans were not allowed to be in the Pakistani schools. Only after a while at the college level some of them were allowed but very few were permitted to study in their schools. They were let into the city rather than in the camps. At least there was electricity and gas in the city but in the camps there was no clean water, no electricity, nothing. The Peshawar heat was also terrible and so in that sense I was a lucky guy.
Thinking about the Afghan cricketers, I would've never, ever made it even if I had the talent of Hamid Hassan. I'm not nearly mentally as strong as them. They started a game from scratch which inside Afghanistan people not only didn't know much about, but at that time also hated it. They thought of it as a Pakistani game, they thought of it as an English game, English colonization and so most of the Afghans hated cricket. Cricketers started a game that everyone was against and it wasn't like football where you play for an hour or so. It needs your full dedication so most of the people wanted their sons to work and earn something for the family and yet they were playing. So, it was terribly difficult but nowadays it might be easier for a parent to allow their son to play cricket because one day the child can play for Afghanistan and one day they will make their name in the game and possibly earn some money as well. But in those days, it needed someone who was 100% dedicated and someone who would accept all the struggles, all the hurdles. Personally, for me I just couldn't do that.
How did you get from Peshawar to the BBC in London?
I would link it somehow to cricket. I got a scholarship from an English college and I remember going to the Peshawar British Council and they had a library. I used to go there to read British newspapers for the cricket county season. At that time I remember a Pakistani there called Salim Malik (not THE Saleem Malik) who used to play for Kent. He was very stylish and I liked and followed him and so I was looking for a college in Kent and I found one in Canterbury and luckily it was just a short trip from the Canterbury ground. It was winter when I went there so there was no cricket but everyday I used to go to that ground just to see it.
I wanted to leave Peshawar and go abroad for so many reasons – for education, work, to be safe. But I never, ever thought I would go to a country where there is no cricket or football. That way England was perfect for me because there were these two sports and I loved Arsenal Football Club. So I came for Arsenal and for cricket and England was good for me. I joined BBC in late 1994 as a part-timer then in 1996 I joined full-time. On and off my education was interrupted but I managed to do something in media. BBC itself has been more than a university for me.
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