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Q: Looking for IDE compiler to build and run a .c source file without creating a project I have ubuntu 12.04 and KDE.
I already know Code::BLocks that does the job, but I have a problem with it: any version of it (12.11 or 10.05) I use doesn't close when I click the close button and if i try to make any change to editor setting it's not saved.
So I'm looking for a IDE compiler for c programs that does the same job with c source file.
I need it for university, my teacher uses Dev-C++ for windows but I have ubuntu and I need something similar to open a .c source and build and run it as faster as I can.
If there are no ide like codeblocks maybe something like eclipse, netbeans, codelite etc... have a plugin to build a .c source without making a project I don't know.
Please help
Thanks

A: When I need to quickly do one file program, I use any text editor and compile from the command line. I use emacs, but any editor will do. gedit is the editor that ubuntu comes installed with. From the terminal type gedit test.c & then to compile it use gcc test.c -o test

A: most of the IDE require to create a project because it needs additional information like with which libraries the program should be linked etc.
I use geany to compile a single file and Qt Creator for project, it is a nice IDE but you will need to create project.
You can use geany as default program for opening .c file.


We would urge everyone to attend Tuesday evening's public meeting of the Maui Region of Hawaii Health Systems Corp.
The topic is the budget cut facing Maui Memorial Medical Center in fiscal year 2016. MMMC must decide what services will be slashed as it faces a $28 million shortfall.
The meeting is scheduled for 5 to 7 p.m. Tuesday at Puu Kukui Elementary School in Wailuku.
Wesley Lo, chief executive officer of the Maui Region, warned that the cuts would affect every resident and visitor on Maui. Lo had earlier stated the shortfall might cause a reduction in services ranging from oncology, cardiology, obstetrics and gynecology to surgical and intensive-care units.
The situation is looking particularly dire after Gov. David Ige stepped in Tuesday and asked the House to cancel a vote on a bill already approved by the state Senate that would have allowed the Maui Region to seek out a private nonprofit partner. Ige asked the Legislature to send the measure to a conference committee to address unspecified concerns he had with the bill.
We worry that the bill might get stuck (and die) in the conference committee as it did last year. Or, just as bad, that a poison pill clause to appease unions could be inserted in the bill that would drive away potential partners.
In any event, the public and Lo have to act on the assumption that the current budget numbers will govern 2016 and plan for them. Tuesday's meeting will give the public a chance to hear the plans and give input.
It is also a chance to show the governor and the Legislature how important Maui Memorial is to our community.


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This website and its content is copyright of rehab4ff.com – © rehab4ff.com – 2016. All rights reserved. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited.
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Today more and more disputes are caused by the enormous spread of the English language throughout the world. Some scholars claim that it has already become the first global language. And this statement isn't far from truth. In this era of consolidation and trying to unify various aspects of life, it will not be long before English can be made as a single language of the world like the single currency and the union of various nations. The level of sentimental attachment or genuine liking for English falls far short of the level of necessity-based desire to learn it. In many countries, local authorities are engaged in language planning to foster the positive image of the national language for many functions for all people, and simultaneously to foster the spread of English in its function - a difficult set of co-occurring goals. Thus, all these countries are gradually becoming bilingual.
The spread of English around the world can be visualized as three concentric circles representing different ways in which the language has been acquired and is currently used. It is called Kachru's model of New Englishes. The Inner Circle refers to the traditional historical and sociolinguistic bases of English in the areas where it is the primary language (native or first language; UK, Ireland, Canada, the USA, Australia, New Zealand). The Outer Circle comprises regions colonized by Britain; the spread of English in non-native settings, where the language has become part of the country's chief institutions, and plays an important "second language" role in a multilingual setting (India, Singapore, Malawi). The Expanding Circle involves nations which recognize the importance of English as an international language, but they do not have the history of colonization, nor does English have any special status in their language policy. In these areas, English is primarily a foreign language.
The term "new Englishes" is used for the varieties which have developed in the Outer Circle, have been transplanted and, therefore, can also be called "diaspora varieties". In a historical and linguistic sense, these varieties are not new. They are called "new" because it is only recently that they have been linguistically, and literaturewise, recognized and institutionalized, although they have a long history of acculturation in geographical, cultural and linguistic contexts different from the English of the Inner Circle.
The need to investigate the nature as well as the history of these varieties of the English language and the reason of their development predetermines the actuality of the given course paper.
It also has determined the aim of work: to investigate the history of the English language expansion in the world.
- To prove that it is important to introduce the difference between British and American English to the pupils.
The subject of this course paper is the history of the English language expansion in the world.
The object of this course paper is the varieties of the English language, their place and role in modern world and importance of their introduction to the students.
1) The lessons are becoming more vivid, as the pupils do not just learn some phrases and grammatical structure, but try to understand the culture of the English speaking countries.
2) They are realizing the importance of learning English, as they know the role of English today.
3) It widens the horizon of the pupils, their awareness in the history of the world.
- Interviewing students that took part in model-lessons.
The work consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. In the first part we tried to investigate the history of the English language history of its expansion and its role in modern world. As for practical part, it contains some examples of the major differences between British English and American English, approbation and its interpretation.
Speaking of the history of the expansion of the English language in the world, it won't be needless to mention the general historical outfit of the language itself.
The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English, whose best known surviving example is the poem Beowulf, lasted until about 1100.
The beginning of this period is closely connected with the Norman Conquest. In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French.
The centuries after the Norman Conquest witnessed enormous changes in the English language. In the course of the Middle English period, the fairly rich inflectional system of Old English broke down. Old English showed a tendency to find native equivalents for foreign words and phrases, whereas Middle English acquired the habit that modern English retains today of readily accommodating foreign words. One only has to flick through the etymologies of any English dictionary to get an impression of the huge number of words entering English from French and Latin during the later medieval period. This trend was set to continue into the early modern period with the explosion of interest in the writings of the ancient world, although in the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again.
The most famous example of Middle English is Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.
Early modern period saw a fairly steady process of standardization in English south of the Scottish border. The written and spoken language of London continued to evolve and gradually began to have a greater influence in the country at large. "London standard" began to dominate, especially through the new technology of printing invented by William Caxton in 1476, that the other regional varieties of the language began to be seen as different in kind. As "the London standard" became used more widely, especially in more formal contexts and particularly amongst the more elevated members of society, the other regional varieties came to be stigmatized, as lacking social prestige and indicating a lack of education.
In the same period a series of changes also occurred in English pronunciation (though not uniformly in all dialects), which go under the collective name of the "Great Vowel Shift". These were purely linguistic sound changes which occur in every language in every period of history. The changes in pronunciation weren't the result of specific social or historical factors, but social and historical factors would have helped to spread the results of the changes. As a result the so-called pure vowel sounds which still characterise many continental languages were lost to English. The phonetic pairings of most long and short vowel sounds were also lost, which gave rise to many of the oddities of English pronunciation, and which now obscure the relationships between many English words and their foreign counterparts.
The principal distinction between early- and late-modern English is vocabulary. Pronunciation, grammar, and spelling are largely the same, but Late-Modern English has many more words. These words are the result of two historical factors. The first is the Industrial Revolution and the rise of the technological society. This necessitated new words for things and ideas that had not previously existed.
The second was the British Empire. At its height, Britain ruled one quarter of the earth's surface. The complex processes of exploration, colonization and overseas trade that characterized Britain's external relations for several centuries became agents for change in the English language. This wasn't simply through the acquisition of loanwords deriving from languages from every corner of the world, which in many cases only entered English via the languages of other trading and imperial nations such as Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands, but through the gradual development of new varieties of English, each with their own nuances of vocabulary and grammar and their own distinct pronunciations. More recently still, English has become a "lingua franca", a global language, regularly used and understood by many nations for whom English is not their first language.
The first expedition from England to the New World was commissioned by Walter Raleigh in 1584, and proved to be a failure. A group of explorers landed near Roanoke Island, in what is now North Carolina, and established a small settlement. Conflict with the native people followed, and it proved necessary for a ship to return to England for help and supplies. By the time these arrived, in 1590, none of the original group of settlers could be found.
The first permanent English settlement dates from 1607, when an expedition arrived in Chesapeake Bay. The colonists called their settlement Jamestown (after James I) and the area Virginia (after the `Virgin Queen', Elizabeth). Further settlements quickly followed along the coast, and also on the nearby islands, such as Bermuda. Then, in November 1620, the first group of Puritans, thirty-five members of the English Separatist Church, arrived on the Mayflower in the company of sixty-seven other settlers. Prevented by storms from reaching Virginia, they landed at Cape Cod Bay, and established a settlement at what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts. It was a successful settlement, and by 1640 about 25,000 immigrants had come to the area.
The two settlements - one in Virginia, to the south, the other to the north, in present-day New England - had different linguistic backgrounds.
During the seventeenth century, new shiploads of immigrants brought an increasing variety of linguistic backgrounds into the country. Pennsylvania, for example, came to be settled mainly by Quakers whose origins were mostly in the Midlands and the north of England. People speaking very different kinds of English thus found themselves living alongside each other. As a result, the sharp divisions between regional dialects gradually began to blur.
Then, in the eighteenth century, there was a vast wave of immigration from northern Ireland. The Irish had been migrating to America from around 1600, but the main movements took place during the 1720s, when around 50,000 Irish and Scots-Irish immigrants arrived. By the time independence was declared (1776), it is thought that one in seven of the colonial population was Scots-Irish. Many stayed along the coast, especially in the area of Philadelphia, but most moved inland through the mountains in search of land. They were seen as frontier people, with an accent which at the time was described as `broad'. The opening up of the south and west was largely due to the pioneering spirit of this group of settlers.
By the time of the first census, in 1790, the population of the country was around 4 million, most of whom lived along the Atlantic coast. A century later, after the opening up of the west, the population numbered over 50 million, spread throughout the continent. The accent which emerged can now be heard all over the so-called Sunbelt (from Virginia to southern California), and is the accent most commonly associated with present-day American speech.
It was not only England which influenced the directions that the English language was to take in America, and later the USA. The Spanish had occupied large parts of the west and south-west. The French were present in the northern territories, around the St Lawrence River, and throughout the middle regions (French Louisiana) as far as the Gulf of Mexico. The Dutch were in New York (originally New Amsterdam) and the surrounding area. Large numbers of Germans began to arrive at the end of the seventeenth century, settling mainly in Pennsylvania and its hinterland. In addition, there were increasing numbers of Africans entering the south, as a result of the slave trade, and this dramatically increased in the eighteenth century: a population of little more than 2,500 black slaves in 1700 had become about 100,000 by 1775, far out-numbering the southern whites.
The nineteenth century saw a massive increase in American immigration, as people fled the results of revolution, poverty, and famine in Europe. Large numbers of Irish came following the potato famine in Ireland in the 1840s. Germans and Italians came, escaping the consequences of the failed 1848 revolutions. And, as the century wore on, there were increasing numbers of Central European Jews, especially fleeing from the pogroms of the 1880s. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, immigrants were entering the USA at an average of three-quarters of a million a year. In 1900, the population was just over 75million. This total had doubled by 1950.
Within one or two generations of arrival, most of these immigrant families had come to speak English, through a natural process of assimilation. Grandparents and grandchildren found themselves living in very different linguistic worlds. The result was a massive growth in mother-tongue use of English.
Meanwhile, the English language was making progress further north. The first English-language contact with Canada was as early as 1497, when John Cabot is thought to have reached Newfoundland; but English migration along the Atlantic coast did not develop until a century later, when the farming, fishing, and fur trading industries attracted English-speaking settlers. There was ongoing conflict with the French, whose presence dated from the explorations of Jacques Cartier in the 1520s; but this came to an end when the French claims were gradually surrendered during the eighteenth century, following their defeat in Queen Anne's War (1702-13) and the French and Indian War (1754-63). During the 1750s thousands of French settlers were deported from Acadia (modern Nova Scotia), and were replaced by settlers from New England. The numbers were then further increased by many coming directly from England, Ireland, and Scotland.
The next major development followed the US Declaration of Independence in 1776. Loyalist supporters of Britain (the `United Empire Loyalists') found themselves unable to stay in the new United States, and most left for Canada, settling first in what is now Nova Scotia, then moving to New Brunswick and further inland. They were soon followed by many thousands (the so-called `late Loyalists') who were attracted by the cheapness of land, especially in the area known as Upper Canada (above Montreal and north of the Great Lakes). Within fifty years, the population of this province had reached 100,000. Over 31 million were estimated in 2001, with two-thirds claiming English as a native or home language.
During the early years of American settlement, the English language was also spreading in the south. A highly distinctive kind of speech was emerging in the islands of the West Indies and the southern part of the mainland, spoken by the incoming black population. This was a consequence of the importation of African slaves to work on the sugar plantations, a practice started by the Spanish as early as 1517.
From the early seventeenth century, ships from Europe travelled to the West African coast, where they exchanged cheap goods for black slaves. The slaves were shipped in barbarous conditions to the Caribbean islands and the American coast, where they were in turn exchanged for such commodities as sugar, rum, and molasses. The ships then returned to England, completing an `Atlantic triangle' of journeys, and the process began again. The first twenty African slaves arrived in Virginia on a Dutch ship in 1619. By the time of the American Revolution (1776) their numbers had grown to half a million, and there were over 4 million by the time slavery was abolished, at the end of the US Civil War (1865).
The policy of the slave-traders was to bring people of different language backgrounds together in the ships, to make it difficult for groups to plot rebellion. The result was the growth of several pidgin forms of communication, and in particular a pidgin between the slaves and the sailors, many of whom spoke English.
Once arrived in the Caribbean, this pidgin English continued to act as a means of communication between the black population and the new landowners, and among the blacks themselves. Then, when their children were born, the pidgin gradually began to be used as a mother tongue, producing the first black creole speech in the region.
Towards the end of the eighteenth century, the continuing process of British world exploration established the English language in the southern hemisphere.
Australia was visited by James Cook in 1770, and within twenty years Britain had established its first penal colony at Sydney, thus relieving the pressure on the overcrowded prisons in England. About 130,000 prisoners were transported during the fifty years after the arrival of the `first fleet' in 1788. `Free' settlers, as they were called, also began to enter the country from the very beginning, but they did not achieve substantial numbers until the mid-nineteenth century. From then on, immigration rapidly increased. By 1850, the population of Australia was about 400,000, and by 1900 nearly 4 million.
In New Zealand the story of English started later and moved more slowly. Captain Cook charted the islands in 1769-70, and European whalers and traders began to settle there in the 1790s, expanding the developments already taking place in Australia. Christian missionary work began among the Maori from about 1814. However, the official colony was not established until 1840, following the Treaty of Waitangi between Maori chiefs and the British Crown. There was then a rapid increase in European immigration - from around 2,000 in 1840 to 25,000 by 1850, and to three-quarters of a million by 1900. As early as the turn of the century visitors to the country were making comments on the emergence of a New Zealand accent.
Three strands of New Zealand's social history in the present century have had especial linguistic consequences. Firstly, in comparison with Australia, there has been a stronger sense of the historical relationship with Britain, and a greater sympathy for British values and institutions. Many people speak with an accent which displays clear British influence. Secondly, there has been a growing sense of national identity, and in particular an emphasis on the differences between New Zealand and Australia. This has drawn attention to differences in the accents of the two countries, and motivated the use of distinctive New Zealand vocabulary. Thirdly, there has been a fresh concern to take account of the rights and needs of the Maori people, who now form over 10 per cent of the population. This has resulted in an increased use of Maori words in New Zealand English.
Although Dutch colonists arrived in South Africa as early as 1652, British involvement in the region dates only from 1795, during the Napoleonic Wars. British control was established in 1806, and a policy of settlement began in earnest in 1820, when some 5,000 British were given land in the eastern Cape. English was made the official language of the region in 1822, and there was an attempt to anglicize the large Afrikaans-speaking population. English became the language of law, education, and most other aspects of public life. Further British settlements followed in the 1840s and 1850s, especially in Natal, and there was a massive influx of Europeans following the development of the gold and diamond areas in the Witwatersrand in the 1870s. Nearly half a million immigrants, many of them English-speaking, arrived in the country during the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
The English language history of the region thus has many strands. There was initially a certain amount of regional dialect variation among the different groups of British settlers, with the speech of the London area prominent in the Cape, and Midlands and northern British speech strongly represented in Natal; but in due course a more homogeneous accent emerged - an accent that shares many similarities with the accents of Australia, which was also being settled during this period.
At the same time, English was being used as a second language by the Afrikaans speakers, and many of the Dutch colonists took this variety with them on the Great Trek of 1836, as they moved north to escape British rule. An African variety of English also developed, spoken by the black population, who had learned the language mainly in mission schools, and which was influenced in different ways by the various language backgrounds of the speakers. In addition, was also adopted by the many immigrants from India, who were brought to the country from around 1860.
English has always been a minority language in South Africa, and is currently spoken as a first language only by about 3.7 million in a 2002 population of over 43.5million. Afrikaans, which was given official status in 1925, was the first language of the majority of whites, including most of those in power, and acted as an important symbol of identity for those of Afrikaner background. It was also the first language of most of the coloured population. English was used by the remaining whites (of British background) and by increasing numbers of the (70 per cent majority) black population. There is thus a linguistic side to the political divisions which marked South African apartheid society: Afrikaans came to be perceived by the black majority as the language of authority and repression; English was perceived by the Afrikaner government as the language of protest and self-determination. Many blacks saw English as a means of achieving an international voice, and uniting themselves with other black communities.
South Asia holds about a fifth of the world's population. Several varieties of English have emerged throughout the subcontinent, and they are sometimes collectively referred to as South Asian English. These varieties are less than 200 years old, but they are already among the most distinctive varieties in the English-speaking world.
The origins of South Asian English lie in Britain. The first regular British contact with the subcontinent came in 1600 with the formation of the British East India Company - a group of London merchants who were granted a trading monopoly in the area by Queen Elizabeth I. The Company established its first trading station at Surat in 1612, and by the end of the century others were in existence at Madras, Bombay and Calcutta. During the eighteenth century, it overcame competition from other European nations, especially France. As the power of the Mughal emperors declined, the Company's influence grew, and in 1765it took over the revenue management of Bengal. Following a period of financial indiscipline among Company servants, the 1784 India Act established a Board of Control responsible to the British Parliament, and in 1858, after the Indian Mutiny, the Company was abolished and its powers handed over to the Crown.
During the period of British sovereignty, from1765until independence in 1947, English gradually became the medium of administration and education throughout the subcontinent. The language question attracted special attention during the early nineteenth century, when colonial administrators debated the kind of educational policy which should be introduced. A recognized turning-point was Lord William Bentinck's acceptance of a Minute written by Thomas Macaulay in 1835, which proposed the introduction of an English educational system in India. When the universities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras were established in 1857, English became the primary medium of instruction, thereby guaranteeing its status and steady growth during the next century.
In India, the bitter conflict between the supporters of English, Hindi, and regional languages led in the 1960s to a `three language formula', in which English was introduced as the chief alternative to the local state language. It now has the status of an `associate' official language, with Hindi the official language. It is also recognized as the official language of four states (Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura) and eight Union territories.
English has, as a consequence, retained its standing within Indian society, continuing to be used within the legal system, government administration, secondary and higher education, the armed forces, the media, business, and tourism. It is a strong unifying force.
The English began to visit West Africa from the end of the fifteenth century, and soon after we find sporadic references to the use of the language as a lingua franca in some coastal settlements. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the increase in commerce and anti-slave-trade activities had brought English to the whole West African coast. With hundreds of local languages to contend with, a particular feature of the region was the rise of several English-based pidgins and creoles, used alongside the standard varieties of colonial officials, missionaries, soldiers, and traders.
Sierra Leone - The settlement became a Crown Colony in 1808, and was then used as a base for anti-slave-trading squadrons, whose operations eventually brought some 60,000 `recaptives' to the country. The chief form of communication was an English-based creole, Krio, and this rapidly spread along theWest African coast.
achieved independence in 1957. Its population was nearly 19 million in 2002, about 1.5million of whom use English as a second language.
Gambia - A period of conflict with France was followed in 1816 by the establishment of Bathurst (modern Banjul) as a British base for anti-slaver activities. The capital became a Crown Colony in 1843, the country an independent member of the Commonwealth in 1965and a republic in 1970. It had a population of 1.4 million in 2002. Krio is widely used as a lingua franca.
Nigeria - After a period of early nineteenth-century British exploration of the interior, a British colony was founded at Lagos in 1861. It is one of the most multilingual countries in Africa, with some 500 languages identified in the mid-1990s. Its population in 2002 was over 126 million. About half use pidgin or creole English as a second language.
Cameroon - This region was divided between France and Britain in 1919. After some uncertainty, the two areas merged as a single country in 1972, with both French and English remaining as official languages.
Liberia - Africa's oldest republic was founded in 1822 through the activities of the American Colonization Society, which wished to establish a homeland for former slaves. Within fifty years it received some 13,000 black Americans, as well as some 6,000 slaves recaptured at sea. The settlement became a republic in 1847, and adopted a constitution based on that of the USA. It managed to retain its independence despite pressure from European countries during the nineteenth century `scramble for Africa'. Its population in 2002 was some 3.2 million, most of whom use pidgin English as a second language.
Although English ships had visited East Africa from the end of the sixteenth century, systematic interest began only in the 1850s, with the expeditions to the interior of such British explorers as Richard Burton, David Livingstone and John Speke. The Imperial British East Africa Company was founded in 1888, and soon afterwards a system of colonial protectorates became established, while other European nations (Germany, France, and Italy) vied with Britain for territorial control.
Several modern states (Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), each with a history of association with Britain, gave English official status when they gained independence, and British English has thus played a major role in the development of these states, being widely used in government, the courts, schools, the media, and other public domains. It has also been adopted elsewhere in the region as a medium of international communication, such as in Rwanda, Ethiopia and Somalia.
The territories in and to the west of the South Pacific display an interesting mixture of American and British English. The main American presence emerged after the Spanish-American War of 1898, from which the USA received the island of Guam (and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean) and sovereignty over the Philippines. Hawaii was annexed at that time also, after a period of increasing US influence. In the 1940s, the US invasion of Japanese-held Pacific islands was followed after World War II by several areas being made the responsibility of the USA as United Nations Trust Territories. The Philippines became independent in 1946, but the influence of American English remains strong. And as this country has by far the largest population of the English speaking states in the region (about 80 million in 2002), it makes a significant contribution to world totals.
Company. Centres were established in several locations, notably Penang (1786), Singapore (1819) and Malacca (1824). Within a few months, the population of Singapore had grown to over 5,000, and by the time the Federated Malay States were brought together as a Crown Colony (1867), English had come to be established throughout the region as the medium of law and administration, and was being increasingly used in other contexts. A famous example is the English-language daily newspaper, The Straits Times, which began publication in 1845.
English inevitably and rapidly became the language of power in the British territories of South-east Asia. Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain in 1842 by the Treaty of Nanking, at the end of the first Opium War, and Kowloon was added to it in 1860; the New Territories, which form the largest part of the colony, were leased from China in 1898 for ninety-nine years. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, several territories in the region became British protectorates, the administration of some being later taken over by Australia and New Zealand. Territories with English as part of their heritage, which have become independent in recent decades, include American Samoa, Palau (Belau), Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, North Mariana Islands, Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.
Today English is becoming the first world's universal language. It is the mother tongue of 500 million of people in 12 countries of the world. It is, of course, less than about 900 million of people speaking Mandarin. But English is thought to be second language of 600 million of people. About 200 million of people know the English language to some extent. It has official and semi-official status in 62 countries of the world. No doubts that English is much more geographically spread and more universal than Chinese. And the rate of the development of its use is incredible.
- 300 million of Chinese people (it is more than the population of the USA) learn the English language.
- In Hong-Kong pupils of 9 out of 10 secondary schools learn English.
- In France pupils of all the state secondary schools have to learn English of German for 4 years. However, not less than 85% chooses English.
- In Japan all the pupils should learn English for 6 years up to the graduation from the secondary schools.
- In Norway, Sweden and Denmark the study of English is obligatory one.
- In Netherlands there are more people knowing the English language than in any other European country except Great Britain.
- Since Portugal became the member of the European Union, the demand for English outranked the demand for French.
- In Tokyo there are 1300 English speaking schools, and about 100 schools are established every year.
The English language predominates in the spheres of transport and mass media. English is the language of the travels. All the International airlines use English as the language of communication. Five largest television networks - CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC and CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Company) - broadcast in English for the audience of about 500 million of people. It is also the language of satellite television.
English is the language if Information Era. More than 80% of computer information is stored in English. 85% of all the telephone conversations are held in English, as well as three fourths of the world's mails, e-mails, faxes and telegrams. Software manuals and the software itself are often available in English only. Earlier German was the language of the science, but today about 85% of scientific works are published in English first. English is the language of the medicine, electronics and space technologies. The Internet is inconceivable without the English Language.
English has replaced French in the sphere of diplomacy. It is the official language of Oxfam, UNESCO, NATO and UN.
At last, English is the language of the world's youth culture. Throughout the world young people sing the lyrics of The Beatles, U-2, Michael Jackson and Madonna, sometimes not even knowing what these words mean. "Break dance", "bodybuilding", "computer hacking" and many other words are included in the youth slang.
The British normally use "have got" to show possession. In American English "have" (in the structure do you have) and "have got" are both possible.
In American English it is particularly common to use subjunctive after words like essential, vital, important, suggest, insist, demand, recommend, ask, advice etc. (Subjunctive is a special kind of present tense which has no -s in the third person singular. It is commonly used in that clauses after words which express the idea that something is important or desirable.) In British English the subjunctive is formal and unusual. British people normally use should + Infinitive or ordinary present and past tenses.
Collective nouns like jury, team, family, government etc., can take both singular and plural verbs in British English. In American English they normally take a singular verb.
In American English it is common to use like instead of as if/ as though. This is not correct in British English.
In American English it is also common to use were instead of was in unreal comparisons.
Americans normally use he/she, him/her, his/her to refer back to one. In British English one is used throughout the sentence.
In American English mid position adverbs are placed before auxiliary verbs and other verbs. In British English they are placed after auxiliary verbs and before other verbs.
There are many more examples (too many for us to list here). Many vocabulary items are also used in one form and not in the other. One of the best examples of this is the terminology used for automobiles.
Другие документы, подобные "History of the English language expansion in the world"


Uttar Pradesh governor Banwari lal joshi, Karnataka and Assam governor resigned on Monday. Karnataka governor HR Bharawaj and Assam governor JB Patnail met President Pranab Mukherjee during the day.
All these governors were appointed by Congress. Sources said those who refused to resign, will be transferred by Narendra Modi government.
The step was taken because the BJP can give the post to their leaders who could not find a place in the Modi cabinet.
Kerala governor and former Delhi chief minister Sheila Dikshit refused to comment. She told "i can't react to rumor." She was appointed as a governor of Kerala following poll debacle in the assembly election in December last year.
BJP veteran Murli Manohar Joshi was being seen as front runner for the post.
Even in 2004, when the UPA replaced the NDA at the centre. They also changed the governors. UPA also asked for governors to be removed before their term was over. These include Babu Parmananda (Harayana), Vishnu Kant Shastri (U.P), kidar Nath Sahani (Goa), and Kailash Mishra (Gujarat).


Cooperstown Distillery employs the highest quality artisanal distilling practices. Using almost entirely New York State grains, we produce a full line of spirits. We are a farm distillery and member of The Cooperstown Beverage Trail. We work to "know our farmers" and we produce spirits made from grains grown by people we trust and respect. Our still was custom crafted by the Carl Family of Stuttgart, Germany. This "copper beauty" is the focal point at our Railroad Avenue location.
Here, you can enjoy the "grain to bottle" experience. You will witness the entire process, from the mash right through distillation. We then hand-bottle and hand-label our award-winning spirits. You also can join a VIP tour, meet the distiller, or enjoy a sampling in our tasting room. Our distillery store features an eclectic mix of bitters, cocktail accessories and gift items.
Cooperstown Distillery is the first and only distillery in beautiful Otsego County. Drawing from the history and bucolic beauty of the region, it should come as no surprise that our high-quality, hand-crafted spirits are inspired by the literature of James Fenimore Cooper, the beautiful crystal clear waters of our Lake 'Glimmerglass' and the nostalgic baseball legacy of Cooperstown, New York.


text:
Laura Schiff Bean Bassmi Ibrahim Jane Maxwell Ken Browar & Deborah Ory KOLLABS David McCauley Peter Combe Debby Krim Carrie McGee Dirk De Bruycker Karine Leger Muriel Napoli Laura Fayer Ysabel LeMay Pascal Pierme Sabrina Garrasi Robin Luciano Beaty Paul Rousso Marc Harrold Irene Mamiye Carolina Sardi Sarah Hinckley Henry Mandell Anke Schofield Jeremy Holmes Robert Mars Lucrecia Waggoner See All Artists
Winter Group Exhibition Ken Browar & Deborah Ory, "The Style of Movement: Fashion & Dance" Carrie McGee: Recent Works, 2019 Solo Exhibition Robin Luciano Beaty David McCauley: "Write Your Own Story" NEW ARRIVALS + NEW ARTISTS Salon Level: New Arrivals by Karine Leger Jeremy Holmes Solo Exhibit: Hardwoods Introducing Sabrina Garrasi & Stefan Heyer Introducing Matt Devine Muriel Napoli Celebrating Dirk De Bruycker Paul Rousso: Recent Works Jane Maxwell: Recent Works "Text Messages" Invitational Exhibition "Best in Show II": A fundraiser for the MSPCA-Angell Irene Mamiye: "Homage" Ken Browar & Deborah Ory: NYC Dance Project KOLLABS: "Wildwoods" Spring Group Show Karine Leger: Recent Works See All Exhibitions >
Carin Ingalsbe
Works Biography
1960 Born in New York
1982-83, BFA, Tufts University, Medford, MA
1982-83 School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA
1981 Minneapolis College of Art and Design, Minneapolis, MN
1978-80 University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
"My current exhibition is a combination of images from the ballet costume series that I have been working on for the last five years and new imagery that is more masculine in nature.
The ballet pieces are, in their essence, portraits. The costumes range in age from 60 years old, at their youngest, to pieces that date back to the 1700's. The wear and tear of the costumes has been a centerpiece of my portrayal of them. Their deterioration through use, like African art, is evidence of the number of hands through which these garments have passed over time.
From its inception, each costume was created with the understanding that the final vision of the designer will only exist until the first dancer puts it on. The struggle between visual design and functionality starts at once as the wardrobe master and mistress stand off-stage taking notes about the things that fall off or tear during performance. The destruction of the garment begins, and from that point on it becomes a living and ever-changing object that morphs through the brilliance and talent of others.
My compositions are expressions of what I think the essence of the garment, as it is today, is all about. And as with traditional portraiture, my motivation is to pare down the image to its essence so that the viewer can experience what I think is worth looking at.
The second aspect of this show is very much born out of my journey with the ballet costumes. Unlike the ballet costumes however, these new images vary in pedigree to include the most humble of items. Some of the most intriguing objects are from the Civil War--for example a bullet dug up in a field and a collection of dominoes made from ebony and ivory. Also, I have been photographing boxing gloves and hockey gloves that have long since lost their intended usefulness.
The objects all share a visual commonality in that they are the tattered remains of things that had been used until they were no longer able to serve a purpose because of their deterioration. This new body of work is also a study in tonality, and the photographs should function like black and white images through their pared down color palette. In, "Boxing Gloves with Wood Veneer," for example, the background serves to point out and highlight aspects of the gloves themselves. The veneer is a highly engineered version of something natural in origin. The gloves are crafted from something natural in origin as well, but while the veneer is a new material, the gloves in combination with their use and age express an organic patina that can only be achieved through time and experience. The tonal variations between the two surfaces are virtually identical, but the expression of the surfaces themselves could not be more different. It is through this difference that the portrait of the boxing gloves becomes most accurate to what I see.
The new images are also photographed in a totem-like format. They are placed on a background and shot straight on so the relationship of the background to the edges of the image itself becomes very important. The lack of angles--both in my relationship to the object as I photograph it as well as to the right angles that dominate most of these pieces-- is my technique for quieting other aspects of the image and maintaining the viewer's attention to the simplicity of object and its texture.
The method of creating these newer images is a bit of a departure from the way that the ballet images were created. Using a macro lens, I often take a few hundred pictures of the object in small sections. These individual pictures are then pulled together in order to create the final photograph that would be impossible to achieve through conventional photographic techniques. There are now many surfaces in focus that would not be attainable through straight-on camera settings. This departure from photography as a representation of "what is" becomes yet another form of portraiture but through more painterly means. These techniques are an extension of my natural aesthetic sense, which is based in painting, drawing and printmaking."
© 2020 LANOUE GALLERY 450 Harrison Ave #31 Boston, MA 02118 617.262.4400 info@lanouegallery.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Men's – Apocalyptic Party. Marni AW20
The audience was directed to a cavernous dark space, trespassing similarly dark tunnels outlined with thin, colored neon lights. The tunnel opened onto a pitch-black space with a labyrinthine neon-lit floor layout, with barely perceptible human silhouettes scattered around. The audience was kept standing. The Marni troupe (which was actually a dance collective, directed by Italian choreographer Michele Rizzo) emerged in slow-motion from obscurity as if in hypnotic trance. Awakening from their sleepy state, the dancers started moving and swaying to trance music, holding onto their spots as if glued to them. Then they started moving about at a snail's pace. Then the beat and the energy changed abruptly and the Marni-clad collective started marching about as if propelled by a sudden urge, circling around in manic mode, until the pace wound way down again. This was no longer a fashion show, but an art performance. No wonder why focusing on the clothes was challenging. But still, the show wasn't here to conceal the clothes. The fashion repertoire was highly eclectic, as usual from Franceso Risso. Tailoring mixed with big, slouchy shapes. Coats were bisected, jackets were dilated, sweaters fragmented and juxtaposed. Scraps of fabric were pieced together in patchworks. Nothing seemed to make sense – yet all coalesced beautifully into Marni's stylish madness. But there's no Marni show without a piece of Risso narrative. "It's a dance which takes us to the end of love. The end and the beginning of love. I was thinking about Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Masque of The Read Death' and about Prince Prospero," said the designer. The story goes that Prince Prospero locks himself in an abbey with a crowd of friends for a masquerade ball, attempting to escape the plague. The Red Death infiltrates the abbey with exterminating results. "Today it was our court of Prince Prospero's noble friends dancing to the end of love and locked in our castle," continued Risso. "They are a collective in a never ending party, wearing multiform uniforms… objects with a life of their own, heirlooms, something we have to protect." It's not the first time when the designer goes apocalyptic. Theory aside, back to the clothes: they were made from assemblages of old scraps of fabrics and leftovers of 1950s deadstock. Risso's poetic way of addressing new methods of creating and producing clothes (recycling, upcycling, assembling, reusing!) is a consistent approach, which still seems to be missing at other luxury brands. A big yes to this collection.
In Motion. Marc Jacobs Resort 2018
June 10, 2017 June 10, 2017 | Design & Culture by Ed
For resort 2018, Marc Jacobs wanted to convey the feeling of movement, which is so vibrantly present in the designer's latest obsession: Robert Longo's drawings of dancing figures. In fact, those clothes won't look as good on a rack – they were designed to be worn, with grace. The little black dress is pure chic, and Marc might want to consider going this path of gorgeous dressses. Pencil skirts in pastel blue, lilac and pink are trimmed in plastic beads, making them ready for any night-out. To keep it downtown and Jacobs' way, denim and slouchy knits were styled with more 'event' pieces.
Dance. Rachel Comey Resort'16
July 13, 2015 July 13, 2015 | Design & Culture by Ed
Dance! Use your body language! Resort 2016 by the New York-based favourite, Rachel Comey, is a blast. The looks were documented through a dance performance from the Robbins Child company – women who love dancing simply showed the clothes they wore through movement. While listening to various music on their headphones, the dancers looked more than refreshing in colours of curcuma, lemon and red chilli… Comey said that she'd been looking at shots from Kingston, Jamaica circa the 1970s as a way of exploring a loose "street style" theme, and though her homage was indirect, the collection's prints and colors made the reference clear. With a cool 70's twist, these dresses are definitely the ones you want to try out at Saturday night dance-club.
June 14, 2015 | Design & Culture by Ed
Publication: 032c Magazine Summer 2015
Model: Anja Rubik, Stephen Galloway, Cora Emmanuel
Photographer: Inez van Lamsweerde & Vinoodh Matadin
Fashion Editor: Mel Ottenberg
The Rag & Bone Dance
May 19, 2015 May 22, 2015 | Design & Culture by Ed
Lil Buck and Mikhail Baryshnikov walk into a bar… and Rag & Bone begins the party. The epic AW15 collection by this brand for men is a blast of energy and dance!
THE MAN FROM MARS 🔥 #DACBE: In his #AW20 collection, #RickOwens presented elevated, graphic silhouettes that are suited for Earth and not only. More up on the JOURNAL 💥 #Paris #PFW #OutOfThisWorld #NASA #Mars #Nebula #Menswear #DACBECOLLECTIONS 🌪 #collage by me.


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Improving Healthcare Together 2020-2030
December 31, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
Message from Improving Healthcare Together 2020 to 2030
We are writing to let you know that detailed proposals for investing £500 million to improve hospitals for more than 700,000 people in Surrey, Sutton, and Merton have been published today.
We have been working with a wide range of experts, partners, local authority and public health colleagues, clinicians, the public and our regulators to gather research and evidence to help shape our proposals.
The draft documents have been published hereahead of representatives from the three clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in Surrey Downs, Sutton, and Merton meeting on Monday 6 January 2020 to examine all the options and decide whether to launch a public consultation in early January to hear local people's views.
The proposals outline three options, and a preferred option, for the location of a new 21st century hospital facility to bring together services for the most unwell patients, as well as births in hospital. All three options would see the majority of services (85%) staying at Epsom and St Helier hospitals, with an investment of more than £80m in the current buildings. Both hospitals would run 24/7, 365 days a year, with urgent treatment centres, inpatient and outpatient services.
The proposals make it clear that all three options could be delivered by the local NHS.
The proposed preferred option for the new state-of-the-art hospital facility is proposed to be Sutton Hospital, next to the Royal Marsden specialist cancer hospital. The other two options would be for the new facility to be at Epsom Hospital or St Helier Hospital. An additional urgent treatment centre is also proposed on the Sutton Hospital site if it were to be the location of the new hospital facility.
Also outlined, are the detailed and thorough assessments of site options which resulted in Sutton scoring as the highest for the location of the new hospital facility, called the 'specialist emergency care hospital'. Services provided at this 'specialist emergency care hospital' would include A&E, critical care, emergency surgery, births in hospital and inpatient children's beds.
The proposals explain that Sutton would have the greatest benefit for the most people, the least overall impact on travel for older people and those from deprived communities, while also having the smallest increase in average travel time for the most people. A new facility at Sutton would be the easiest and fastest to build – taking around four years, rather than up to seven for the other two options of the specialist emergency care hospital being built at Epsom or St Helier.
The funding for the Epsom and St Helier Trust, announced nationally in September 2019, would address major workforce, buildings and financial pressures: including a lack of doctors and health specialists, and mounting costs to keep repairing buildings older than the NHS, and fund temporary staff.
We are keen to emphasise that, even if the CCGs agreed to launch a public consultation in early January, no decisions would be made on the future of Epsom and St Helier Hospitals until the Spring/Summer when CCGs would consider the views of local people gathered during the consultation, and all the clinical and financial evidence before making any decisions.
We would be happy to meet with you or arrange a phone call to talk through the proposals. We will update you on the date and duration of the consultation period if it is approved by the three Clinical Commissioning Groups at their meeting on 6 January 2020.
Monday 6 January 2020, from 11:00am – 1:00pm
Main Hall, Bourne Hall, Spring Street, Ewell, Surrey, KT17 1UF
As the NHS Clinical Commissioning Groups for Surrey Downs, Sutton and Merton we are responsible for planning local healthcare services across Surrey and South West London.
In September we were allocated £500 million to improve the current buildings at Epsom and St Helier hospitals as well as build a specialist emergency care hospital on one of the three sites – Epsom, St Helier or Sutton.
We are holding a meeting in public where the three Clinical Commissioning Groups will make a decision on whether to launch a formal public consultation on the Improving Healthcare Together 2020 to 2030 proposals.
We ask that members of the public who wish to attend the meeting register by:
Emailing us: hello@improvinghealthcaretogether.org.uk
Calling us: 02038 800 271 by 5:00pm on Thursday, 2nd of January 2020.
Please let us know if you have any access requirements.
Update of Council Meeting
December 23, 2019 December 23, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
The Council meeting on Wednesday, 18th evening had the subject of our petition as its main item and was responded to very positively by the Councillors who contributed to the debate.
It showed that the Councillors generally agreed with our main point that an open discussion is essential for producing a successful plan to keep the government and us, the residents of the Borough, content with the outcome. It was not the occasion to form a plan in detail but possibly as a response to the petition, on the 14th of November, they came up with 6 principles to guide their thoughts in forming a detailed plan. They include the need for a look and feel of new developments to fit in with the style of building already present in the borough, distributing the new buildings in appropriate areas of the Borough and having regard for climate change considerations.
The debate also touched on "Affordable Housing" which is a vital part of a successful plan and infrastructure. The strong impression by the end of the debate was that our Councillors are fully engaged in this very difficult subject and although we will notice the changes over the next decade and a half, so will every other Borough in the country and with public consultation the result will be as good as it can be. They also said that when the next consultation document is produced, it will be vital for a large number of residents to get involved, firstly to get feedback which represents the feelings of the majority of residents and also to show the Government the feelings of the local population should there be a possibility of appealing the target to reduce the number of dwellings required. When the time comes you can be sure that the CWRA will do whatever it can to guide and inform our residents in this process.
Notice of Council Meeting
Epsom Town Hall at 7:30 PM tomorrow, Wednesday 18th December
The Council meeting to discuss the subject of our successful petition to form a plan to avoid spoiling our Town's character in order to meet the Government's building target will be held at the Town Hall tomorrow on December 18th at 7:30 PM.
It is item 5 on the agenda and it is likely to be an interesting debate or should be! Attendance from interested residents will encourage a positive response so if you can attend it will be better for the future of the Town and Borough.
Please attend if you can.
If you have any questions, please email info@collegeward.org
South Hatch Stables Planning Application 18/00308/FUL
September 16, 2019 September 16, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
This application will be discussed at a special meeting of the Planning Committee on Tuesday 17 September at 7.30pm. All residents can listen to the discussion by sitting in the public gallery at the Council offices.
Members of the CWRA committee will also be in the Gallery and will inform you of the result.
Litter Picking in College Ward
September 16, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
Do you want cleaner streets in College Ward? Members of your CWRA committee and other volunteers are organising a litter pick around our ward on either Sept 21st or October 26th in the afternoon for an hour. If anyone would like to be involved, please contact us on info@collegeward.org.
13 storey building proposed for Epsom Town Centre, 19/01021/FUL
Many residents of Epsom and Ewell may not be aware that a proposal has been put in for a 13-storey development on West Street near the town centre. The application is to provide commercial facilities as well as to accommodate 29 apartments. What's more, the Council is obliged to give it serious consideration despite no other building in town being higher than seven storeys. College Ward Residents Association (CWRA) is very aware of the pressures that the Government is putting on the Council for more accommodation units, but we believe that this should never be at such a high cost. We are urging the Council to re-visit these proposals and seek a way forward that retains the character and appearance of Epsom.
It is stated clearly in Policy DM 13 "Buildings higher than 12 metres will be inappropriate in all areas of the Borough except the identified areas within the Epsom Town Centre Boundary where buildings up to a maximum height of 16 metres will be allowed in certain locations." Although in the public domain, the proposals to the Licensing and Planning Policy Committee in May 2018 "to have a more flexible approach to housing density and building heights so that the capacity for future home in the Borough can be optimised" have not been generally advertised to local residents who have no idea that the planning committee are being advised to accept planning applications up to thirteen storeys high. CWRA are extremely disappointed in these proposals containing as they do a complete reversal of height and density policy so far.
CWRA refute the idea that because the government are insisting on an unattainable annual provision of new homes, EEBC should spoil the appearance of this market town by building an unacceptably high block in the centre of town.
Moreover our MP, Chris Grayling, wrote in a round robin email in March 2018 "…..we do need to build. But we need to do so thoughtfully and carefully, and make sure that in making additional provision for homes locally, we do not destroy the character of our area".
Please visit the Planning site for further details including views of the development. See http://eplanning.epsom-ewell.gov.uk/online-applications/applicationDetails.do?keyVal=PVZ5SRGYFS700&activeTab=summary.
We urge you to lodge your comments and objections on this application. The closing date for these is September 18th.
The decision on this planning application affects ALL residents of Epsom and Ewell. Please feel free to pass on this email to your friends who are resident within the Borough.
Saturday Clinics with RA Cllr Nigel Collin
September 9, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
Your RA councillor for College Ward, Nigel Collin, will be holding a clinic for residents who live in College Ward on every second Saturday of the month at the coffee shop on the first floor of the Ebbisham Centre between 11am and 12 noon.
If you have any issues you would like to discuss with him regarding College Ward please either make an appointment through email: ncollin@epsom-ewell.gov.uk or just turn up.
Epsom General Hospital (EGH) Update – Press Release
September 7, 2019 September 7, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
Councillor Nigel Collin would like to make you aware of the following press release published yesterday in relation to recent developments. Epsom & Ewell Borough Council remains committed to supporting the continuation of services at EGH. Click on link below to read press release.
https://epsom-ewell.gov.uk/news/council-seeks-assurances-over-health-proposals
Contact us on info@collegeward.org
Cllr Nigel Collin ncollin@epsom-ewell.gov.uk
Epsom General Hospital (EGH) – News Update
August 9, 2019 September 7, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
Message from Cllr Nigel Collin – 6 August 2019
As your Councillor, I am writing to express my deep concern about the long-term future of EGH.
Yesterday, our new Prime Minister announced a further £1.8bn to be spent on our hospital infrastructure of which £800m has been earmarked for 20 hospitals throughout England.
Some analysts are reporting this as a cynical ploy to prepare for a snap, post Brexit election.
The fight to keep ALL of EGH's services is now entering a crucial phase.
The leader of Merton Council , local MP Siobhain McDonagh and the Keep Our St Helier Hospital (KOSHH) Campaign group have all voiced their concern for the future of the hospital at St Helier following the submission of a pre-consultation plan to NHS England.
The pre-consultation plan submitted to NHS England , which has not been published by the NHS, ranks three options for the future of the Trust, with downgrading both St Helier and Epsom Hospitals and building a new hospital in Sutton coming out on top.
This would mean the loss of the following services:
Accident & Emergency
Coronary Care
Emergency Surgery & Emergency Medicine, including Intensive Care
I do not believe that the proposed loss of these services from EGH will benefit Epsom's residents and, like the St Helier campaign, feel that it is essential to maintain the status quo.
The assurance that 85% of current services will continue is of little comfort to an expectant mother who has to travel the additional 15 minutes or so to "the new Sutton hospital".
Although no decision has yet been taken and it is subject to a public consultation later in the year, the direction of travel is clear and must be resisted.
Currently, there is no NHS funding allocated for the newbuild at Sutton and this will be considered in HMG's spending review this Autumn. If funding is not forthcoming, the position may well result in the transfer of the services listed above away from EGH to St Helier hospital to the detriment of Epsom 's residents.
If you are as concerned as I am about this, I would urge you to do the following;
Email our MP Chris Grayling at: chris.grayling.mp@parliament.uk and copy me in at ncollin@epsom-ewell.gov.uk
The level of residents' support for the retention of EGH's current services will have a bearing on the chances of influencing the public consultation's outcome.
Contact us at College Ward RA – info@collegeward.org
Epsom Hospital – What's really happening
May 28, 2019 May 28, 2019 / nifavaz	/ Leave a comment
Update from Chief Executive Daniel Elkeles
1. There are no plans to close Epsom Hospital now or in the future, whatever happens.
2. We are investing over £30m in improving it between 2018-2020.
3. We sold land on Epsom Hospital site last year to the highest credible bidder – all the proceeds are being invested in improving Epsom Hospital.
4. We need a new 500 bed hospital building to treat Epsom and St Helier's sickest 15% of patients. It will save lives. It will cost £500m. It will be at Epsom, St Helier or Sutton hospital. Our local commissioners hope to consult the public on the preferred location in the Autumn.
5. Wherever the new hospital building is built, Epsom Hospital will remain open treating at least 85% of the patients it does today.
6. We have more staff, are safer, and provide more services than we ever have.
Investing £30m+ in Epsom Hospital
Already completed:
– New paediatric and maternity outpatients (2018)
– Expanded A&E department (opened December 2018)
– New therapy centre (opened February 2019)


text:
package com.baeldung.spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class LogMessage implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5857383701708275796L;

    private String message;

    public LogMessage() {

    }

    public LogMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return message;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Kafka Consumer throwing "OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space" Error on SSL I'm using Spring-Kafka 2.7.1 in a spring boot project.
When I connect it to a SSL-configured Kafka Broker it gives a "OutofMemory" Error as below even though I have increased Heap Size multiple times to no avail.
Log Below :
java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space\
    at java.base/java.nio.HeapByteBuffer.<init>(HeapByteBuffer.java:61) ~[na:na]\
    at java.base/java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate(ByteBuffer.java:348) ~[na:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.memory.MemoryPool$1.tryAllocate(MemoryPool.java:30) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.network.NetworkReceive.readFrom(NetworkReceive.java:113) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.network.KafkaChannel.receive(KafkaChannel.java:447) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.network.KafkaChannel.read(KafkaChannel.java:397) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.network.Selector.attemptRead(Selector.java:674) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.network.Selector.pollSelectionKeys(Selector.java:576) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.common.network.Selector.poll(Selector.java:481) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient.poll(NetworkClient.java:563) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerNetworkClient.poll(ConsumerNetworkClient.java:265) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerNetworkClient.poll(ConsumerNetworkClient.java:236) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerNetworkClient.poll(ConsumerNetworkClient.java:215) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.AbstractCoordinator.ensureCoordinatorReady(AbstractCoordinator.java:245) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator.poll(ConsumerCoordinator.java:480) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer.updateAssignmentMetadataIfNeeded(KafkaConsumer.java:1257) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer.poll(KafkaConsumer.java:1226) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.KafkaConsumer.poll(KafkaConsumer.java:1206) ~[kafka-clients-2.7.1.jar!/:na]\
    at org.springframework.kafka.listener.KafkaMessageListenerContainer$ListenerConsumer.doPoll(KafkaMessageListenerContainer.java:1414) ~[spring-kafka-2.7.7.jar!/:2.7.7]\
    at org.springframework.kafka.listener.KafkaMessageListenerContainer$ListenerConsumer.pollAndInvoke(KafkaMessageListenerContainer.java:1251) ~[spring-kafka-2.7.7.jar!/:2.7.7]\
    at org.springframework.kafka.listener.KafkaMessageListenerContainer$ListenerConsumer.run(KafkaMessageListenerContainer.java:1163) ~[spring-kafka-2.7.7.jar!/:2.7.7]\
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515) ~[na:na]\
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264) ~[na:na]\
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829) ~[na:na]\

My Current YAML configuration is as below:
spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVER
    security:
      protocol: "SSL"
  consumer:
    auto-offset-reset: earliest
producer:
  topic: TOPIC
  bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVER
consumer:
  topic: TOPIC
  bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS

It works as expected when connected to a NON-SSL Kafka Broker.
I have tested all other possiblities and singled out that it's related to the SSL configuration of the client.

A: It is possible to run into out of memory errors when trying to use Kafka secured endpoint in a non-secure way. (It is a known issue when wrong security protocol is used or required authentication properties are not passed; OOM error is totally unrelated but it is what it is)
In case of Kafka CLI commands, usually, a property file path is passed with the command to provide security related properties.
For example:
kafka-topics --command-config <String: filename>
kafka-console-producer --producer.config <String: filename>
kafka-console-consumer --consumer.config <String: filename>

Generally contains,
security.protocol=<kafka_security_protocol>
ssl.truststore.location=<ssl_truststore_filename>
ssl.truststore.password=<truststore_password>
ssl.keystore.location=<client_keystore.jks>
ssl.keystore.password=<password>
ssl.key.password=<password>

From the question, I assumed, both producer and consumer components are connecting to the same broker(s) and declared all the required properties to connect to secured broker under spring.kafka section in the following example.
spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVER
    security:
      protocol: "SSL"
    ssl:
      trust-store-location: "truststore.jks"
      trust-store-password: "<password>"
      key-store-location: "keystore.jks"
      key-store-password: "<password>"
      key-password: "<password>"

If the producer and consumer are connecting to different broker(s), these properties should be specified under spring.kafka.producer and spring.kafka.consumer sections respectively.
spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVER
    security:
      protocol: "SSL"
producer:
  topic: TOPIC
  bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVER
  ssl.protocol: "SSL"
  ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm: "https"
  ssl:
    keystore-location: "<keystore.jks>"
    keystore-password: "<password>"
consumer:
  topic: TOPIC
  auto-offset-reset: "earliest"
  bootstrap-servers: KAFKA_BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS
  ssl.protocol: "SSL"
  ssl.endpoint.identification.algorithm: "https"
  ssl:
    keystore-location: "<keystore.jks>"
    keystore-password: "<password>"

If there is no client authentication required from the broker side, then the following is a minimal configuration example:
security.protocol=SSL
ssl.truststore.location=<kafka.client.truststore.jks>
ssl.truststore.password=<password>

If client authentication is required, following properties are also needs to be included.
ssl.keystore.location=<kafka.client.keystore.jks>
ssl.keystore.password=<password>
ssl.key.password=<password>

Please note that the property naming convention might differ in Spring Kafka configuration.
More details on Kafka security - Official Doc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Every once in a while, a little gem of a mini series will show up, and shine more brightly than its peers. Color me surprised, but this is one of those times, you guys.
I'd enjoyed this show's sisters (Queen Of The Ring and Romance Full Of Life) to varying degrees, having randomly picked those to start with within this trilogy, because I have a lot of affection for Kim Seul Gi and Yoon Si Yoon, who star in each of those shows respectively. I'd kept this installment for last, because I have no strong feelings for the leads either way, and had merely expected this installment to be about as light and fluffy as the others – maybe less, even, since this story's premise involves death. Eep.
Categories: Flash Review | Tags: 2017, Age Of Youth 2, Flash Review, Ji Woo, Kim Seul Gi, Queen Of The Ring, Romance Full Of Life, S, Shin Hyun Soo, Soo Ho, Splash Splash Love, Star Of The Universe, Suho, The Universe's Star, Three Color Fantasy, Three Colors Of Fantasies, Yoon Si Yoon | Permalink.
This little show fit in nicely with my current challenged drama capacity. Not only were the half-hour episodes easy to make time for, the light tone and uncomplicated treatment of the subject matter made this one easy to digest as well. Sure, it wasn't as good as I thought it could've been, but it was still a pleasant and easy drama fix.
Since some of you guys might be similarly drama-challenged right now, I thought that I'd share this one with you too.
Categories: Flash Review | Tags: 2017, Flash Review, Jang Hee Ryung, Jo Soo Hyang, Kim Min Soo, R, Romance Full Of Life, Three Color Fantasy, Three Colors Of Fantasies, Vivid Love, Vivid Romance, Yoon Shi Yoon, Yoon Si Yoon | Permalink.


You may not have even realised that all the banner images at the top of the homepage are 3D!
3D visuals are now a staple in main stream advertising as it allows for control over lighting, camera angles, reflections, colours and dynamic animation which would require a huge budget if shot with conventional cameras and studio setup. It is possible to visualise products to extremely high levels of detail using 3D, opening up a world of endless possibilities that would otherwise be unfeasible.
Anything can be brought to life with 3D, whether it's in your imagination, a rough sketch on paper, technical drawings or CAD. These visuals and are often used in pre-production, concept art, manufacturing, post manufacturing promotion, advertising and packaging. It can save time and money in the product design, development and marketing process and help to attract customers and investors prior to the launch of a physical product.
TWF offers 3D visuals to all of our customers, helping them to provide eye-catching, memorable visual messages which can be used across all digital and media print. And because we are supported by an incredible team, these state of the art solutions can be provided to even the smallest of company budgets. If you want to find out more about how you can use 3D to help your business or product design, please contact us.


A lively, thorough, and revealing portrait of Muhammad, the man and the Prophet. It takes viewers not only to the world of 7th century Arabia to examine the life and history of the man whom Muslims consider to be the last prophet, but also looks into the homes, mosques, and workplaces of some of America's seven million Muslims to discover the many ways in which Muslims today continue to follow Muhammad's example. Especially relevant in a post 9-11 world, this film shows a side of Islam and Muslims that is rarely encountered on the television screen.
- Can Be Played in The US And Most International Systems Supporting NTSC.


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Committed to the highest standards of educational excellence and Chiropractic clinical mastery.
Discussions and Guidance: The Chiropractor and COVID-19 Issues
© 2019 The Rubicon Group
McTimoney College of Chiropractic
Abingdon, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
President/Principal:
Christina Cunliffe, Ph.D., D.C.
St James Building
M1 6FQ
► View Website
Established in 1972, the McTimoney College of Chiropractic offers a range of Chiropractic programmes at foundation, undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The mission of the McTimoney College is to educate and train students in the science, art and philosophy of chiropractic in order to make a contribution to improving the healthcare of the public. All degrees are awarded validated by BPP University.
In 2014 McTimoney College established its second campus in the centre of Manchester, the first chiropractic College to deliver training in the North of England.
Teaching a broad range of practical techniques and with a very high tutor to student ratio, the College's Manchester campus delivers a Masters in Chiropractic (MChiro) which provides the necessary skills, knowledge and hands-on experience needed to become a safe and competent chiropractor.
The unique extended five-year MChiro delivered in Manchester has been specifically designed for adult learners and to allow study alongside work and family commitments. The MChiro is recognised by the General Chiropractic Council, the statutory body for regulating chiropractic in the UK.
Located in the St James's building on Oxford Road, the convenient location of the campus close to Manchester airport, and the unique delivery mode of the curriculum, provides an ideal fly-in fly-out option for those wishing to travel from Scotland, Ireland, and mainland Europe, as well as those already situated in the north of the UK.
After graduation, possibilities for postgraduate study include MSc level programmes in chiropractic for animals and for children, as well as a range of study days counting towards continuing professional development.


How can recent college graduates work their way into entry-level PM positions?
What skills are transferrable for someone transitioning from project management to product?
What kind of tools do you use to measure success for a new product feature to ensure a positive return on investment or to support a business case to go to project build?
During your career, what (apparent) failures, when looked back on, do you feel have set you up for career success today? What did you learn from them?
I have more than 17 years in project and program management and it's not challenging me anymore! Is a transition to product manager a good fit?
How can you source problems and ideas for your product? Are there standard mechanisms in product for identifying areas to improve on?
How does a UX person differ to a product owner?
How did you transition to a PM role? What have your failures or apparent ones taught you in your career? How can design thinking inform new feature decisions?
Former EE PM Neil "sat down" with our Slack community members and answered all these burning questions in an #AskMeAnything live chat session. Read on for his insights and maybe join us next time?
Neil Choudhary is currently the Senior Manager of Product Realization at Cognizant Digital Business. Prior to his current role he was a Product Manager and a Technology Business Partner at EE in London. He has a BSc in Maths from Queen Mary, University of London and an MBA from Kingston University. He also volunteers through Grow Movement as a business mentor for entrepreneurs in developing economies, like Uganda and Rwanda.
There are a number of ways of getting into a product career – from my experience, people have entered it from a more technical perspective (software development), but I have also seen marketers enter PM roles. This is why PM teams tend to have very varied backgrounds. I think you need to look at your strengths and try to counterbalance and develop in areas where you might be weak. If you are strong technically, look to try and build up in more commercial areas, understand how businesses develop their business models, how would you create a business case for a product and so on. If, however, you are commercially-focused, maybe try and spend more time with techies and learn to understand their language! It also doesn't harm to pick up professional training or a certification, particularly if you are a recent grad – this shows commitment.
1) Being able to spin many plates!
Bear in mind, although there is clearly some overlap in terms of the skills you need for sure, they are very different roles. The main difference is that product managers prioritise releases, talk to customers and clearly define features. Their efforts are ongoing and involve managing the entire lifecycle of the product. A product manager's goal is to deliver a lovable product. Project managers, on the other hand, oversee a fixed project from beginning to end. Their job is to execute the strategy set by the product manager or leadership team.
Firstly I think you need to understand the goals of your product – this is really your starting point. I would really look to expand this down into to what I call a KPI tree – each goal would have KPIs, which would also be inputs for a business or benefit case. To understand more about KPI trees, check out this article by a PM from Transferwise.
One issue that I have had in the past and I believe many Product Managers have is ensuring that their successes and the value they deliver is articulated across the organisation. This is so important, you could be doing an amazing job and often times you can get so involved in delivering a great product that you forget to tell people what you and your team has achieved! This can lead to people not understanding the value you or product bring to the organisation. I am not claiming to have addressed this completely, but I am getting better!
It really depends on what you are looking for, a product role might be a good fit, I also made a career change some time back (to a product role). A good starting point is to understand what you don't enjoy or find challenging about your existing roles. If you find that you would have to do many of these things as a product manager, then maybe it is not the best move! I would do the same with understanding the things you enjoy about your current or past roles.
There are many techniques – one that we follow in our practice in Cognizant Digital Business is using design-thinking techniques, including human insight research to understand pain points and unmet needs for customers. Obviously you don't need to be an anthropologist to do this! Basically, speak to your customers, either using structured interviews (qualitative research) or surveys (quantitative research) to understand how they use existing products. There are tonnes of content out there to help you out. Try Ideo for some nice material on the design-thinking process and how to go from insight through to ideation, prototyping and so on.
A UX person is purely looking at the product from the perspective of the end-user and from my experience, less so from the business' perspective. That's a PM's role and a really important one – you are not only the voice of the end-user but also that of the business. Your UXer, unless they are a very rounded individual, isn't going to be thinking about that.
I've been reading Change By Design by Tim Brown, along with his Ideo blog to help me better understand design thinking. Are there any other concepts, blogs, or books you might suggest digging into?
Tim Brown is great. Worth looking at Frog Design, there is some decent thought leadership there around design thinking, same applies to Fjord and of course I will have to plug Idea Couture (which is owned by Cognizant Digital Business) and the practice I am part of. Worth taking a look at the CEO's (Idris Mootee) book "Design Thinking for Strategic Innovation".


text:
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.conf import settings
from django.db import migrations, models
import django.db.models.deletion

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL),
        ('interface', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Build',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('ref', models.TextField()),
                ('sha', models.TextField()),
                ('status', models.TextField(choices=[(b'success', b'success'), (b'error', b'error'), (b'pending', b'pending'), (b'cancelled', b'cancelled')], default=b'pending')),
                ('result', models.TextField()),
                ('created_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
                ('finished_at', models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Repo',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('owner', models.TextField()),
                ('name', models.TextField()),
                ('webhook_url', models.URLField(blank=True, null=True)),
                ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='repos', to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.DeleteModel(
            name='Result',
        ),
        migrations.AddField(
            model_name='build',
            name='repo',
            field=models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='interface.Repo'),
        ),
    ]


A major crisis is brewing in the Colorado medical marijuana industry, and some observers say it could eventually sink the entire industry.
CSSB Private Bank in Colorado Springs – one of the only financial institutions in the region that actively targeted dispensaries for new accounts – has decided to cut ties with the medical marijuana industry, according to letters it recently sent clients. The bank plans to officially terminate dispensary accounts at the end of September.
This is a significant blow to dispensaries both in Colorado and other states. Many MMCs had turned to CSSB in recent months as other banks started backing away from the industry, fearful of legal action given medical marijuana's status as a "Schedule 1" drug. Dispensaries have had their accounts closed literally overnight, forcing them to scramble to find other options to handle their business banking accounts.
CSSB seemed to be the only real viable solution, even though it charged what many sources have told me are exorbitant rates. The bank had a heavy presence at industry events, making countless promises that it was committed to the industry and would expand into new states. But the bank's board of directors apparently decided to back away "after determining that the single branch could not expand regionally and still provide quality services," according to the Marijuana Business Report.
I'm willing to wager a lot of money that there's much more to this behind the scenes. In 12 years of business reporting, I've yet to hear a company back out of a strong market – especially one where it has a virtual monopoly – for this reason. I'm guessing the board got spooked by the same factors that have scared every other bank (the possibility of prosecution or other repercussions).
Regardless, dispensary owners are up a creek. Robert Frichtel of industry consultancy Medical Marijuana Business Exchange said he's had about 25 calls from owners who are "panicking." He's now on the hunt for other banks that will set up accounts for dispensaries, but so far he's more or less come away empty-handed. Frichtel said he works with one bank that is accepting a limited number of new MMJ clients based in certain mountain towns. But he doesn't want to reveal the name, fearing that the small institution might become inundated with calls.
The solution for many dispensaries has been to target banks where they have existing connections (such as a long-time personal account). A handful of these institutions are willing to work with MMCs but don't want to advertise it and would rather work with someone they know. The other option is simply move to an all-cash business and settle for increased risk.
If you've heard of any banks that are opening accounts for dispensaries, please drop me a line.


Nowhere is our love affair with otherness more romanticised than in our attitudes towards the cultures of east and west. Artists and travellers have long marvelled that on opposite sides of the globe, the world's most ancient civilisations have developed distinct forms of language, writing, art, literature, music, cuisine and fashion. As advances in communications, transport and the internet shrink the modern world, some of these distinctions are breaking down. But one difference is getting more attention than ever: the notion that easterners and westerners have distinct world views.