A continuous web printer that has an inlet for receiving a web of media from a media web roll unwinder, an outlet for delivery to a media web roll winder, a media feed path extending from the inlet to the outlet and pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies positioned adjacent the media feed path for printing on both sides of the web. The media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed.
The invention relates to printing long rolls of media, or 'web' as it is known. In particular, the invention relates to inkjet printing of continuous web as opposed to individual sheets of media substrate.
Web printers are used for very high volume print runs, say greater 1000 copies but could well be more than 1 million copies for newspapers and the like. Traditionally, web printers use offset printing where plates embossed with the images and/or text are mounted on large drums that roll over the web to transfer the ink. Producing the plates and aligning the various drums for registration of each color, and for correct registration of the print of both sides of the web, is exceptionally time consuming—usually several hours. However, once set up, the web is printed at very high speeds. These are typically in the range of 3 meters per second up to 6 meters per second.
In light of the set up time, web printing becomes more efficient and cost effective as the size of the print run increases. For short print runs—say less than 1000 copies—web printing becomes uneconomical.
To address this, web printers with inkjet printheads have been developed. The Hewlett Packard Inkjet Web Press is a thermal drop-on-demand inkjet production color printer capable of speeds of 400 linear feet per minute (approx. 2 meters per second) on webs as wide as 30 inches (0.762 m). CMYK pagewidth (or web width) printheads are duplexed to print both side of the web at an addressable 1200×600 dpi resolution. The printer price is approximately US$2.5 million and the consumable cost is about two cents for a four-color letter/A4-sized image at 30% coverage.
The inkjet web press is a digital printing process and hence there are no printing plates. This reduces the time and cost of the print run but the alignment of the printing from the printheads needs to be precise and this process remains relatively time consuming. The leading edge of the web is manually fed through the press from the media roll unwinder at the input to the roll winder at the outlet by experienced technicians. The press has five main components—a print cabinet, a drying cabinet, a paper turner and aligner, a second print cabinet (for the other side of the web) and another dryer. The overall size of the press is less than a traditional offset press but still the footprint exceeds 35 m2.
the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed.
Shortening the feed path significantly reduces the footprint of the web printer.
Preferably the media feed path has an upper print zone positioned above a lower print zone, the upper print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the lower print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed. Preferably the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream from the first print zone. Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2 and in most cases less than 10 m2.
Preferably the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters. Smaller drop volumes allow the printed web to dry more quickly. Fast drying reduces the spacing between the printheads that print opposing sides of the printhead. That is, the print applied to one side of the web is dry enough for contact rollers or platens so that it can be printed on the opposing side.
Preferably the upper print zone is directly above the lower print zone. Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the upper print zone generally opposes the feed direction in the lower print zone. Preferably the upper print zone and the lower print zone are defined by media rollers with their axes of rotation on an arcuate path, the arcuate path of the upper print zone being vertically spaced from the arcuate path of the lower print zone such that the media feed path through the upper and lower print zones is a series of flat segments extending between adjacent rollers, such that one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies prints on each of the flat segments respectively.
the printhead drawer is configured to move transverse to the media feed path such that the at least one pagewidth printhead assembly is exposed for servicing.
Preferably the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules configured for individual removal and replacement.
Preferably the printer further comprises a chassis wherein the printhead drawer is mounted to the chassis via a pair of roller bearing slides, each of the roller bearing slides having a drawer track secured to the printhead drawer, a chassis track secured to the chassis and an intermediate track positioned between the chassis track and the drawer track, such that the drawer track and the intermediate track define a draw roller bearing race and the chassis track and the intermediate track define a chassis roller bearing race.
Preferably the printer comprising two of the printhead drawers, one of the printhead drawers for mounting all the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies for each of the upper and lower print zones respectively.
Preferably further comprises a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation. Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops. Preferably the printer further comprises media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet. Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path at a continuous media feed speed of 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s. Preferably the printer further comprises a particulate trap mounted adjacent the media feed path, the particulate trap having a vent connected to a vacuum to draw particulate contaminants off the web. Preferably the particulate trap has rotating blades for directing the particulate contaminants into the vent.
the media feed path has a first print zone positioned adjacent a second print zone, the first print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the second print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed, such that during use the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the first print zone being opposing the feed direction in the second print zone.
A media feed path that doubles back on itself shortens the feed path length and so reduces the printer footprint.
Preferably the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed.
Preferably the second print zone is less than 4 m downstream along the media feed path from the first print zone.
Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2 and in most cases less than 10 m2.
Preferably pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
Preferably the first print zone is an upper print zone and the second print zone is a lower print zone positioned beneath the upper print zone. Preferably the upper print zone is directly above the lower print zone. Preferably the upper print zone and the lower print zone are defined by media rollers with their axes of rotation on an arcuate path, the arcuate path of the upper print zone being vertically spaced from the arcuate path of the lower print zone such that the media feed path through the upper and lower print zones is a series of flat segments extending between adjacent rollers, such that one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies prints on each of the flat segments respectively.
Preferably the printer further comprises a printhead drawer for mounting at least one of the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies adjacent the media feed path; wherein, the printhead drawer is configured to move transverse to the media feed path such that the at least one pagewidth printhead assembly is exposed for servicing. Preferably the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules configured for individual removal and replacement. Preferably the printer has a chassis wherein the printhead drawer is mounted to the chassis via a pair of roller bearing slides, each of the roller bearing slides having a drawer track secured to the printhead drawer, a chassis track secured to the chassis and an intermediate track positioned between the chassis track and the drawer track, such that the drawer track and the intermediate track define a draw roller bearing race and the chassis track and the intermediate track define a chassis roller bearing race.
Preferably the printer comprises two of the printhead drawers, one of the printhead drawers for mounting all the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies for each of the first and second print zones respectively.
Preferably the web printer further comprises a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation. Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops. Preferably the printer further comprises media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet. Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation.
Automatically threading the web through the web printer is far safer and more time efficient than manually threading the web by hand. Outer panels and covers need not be removed to expose the rollers within which saves significant time. An automated mechanism also allows the web printers to be set up for a print run by an unskilled operator.
Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops. Preferably the printer has media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet.
Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output. Preferably the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed. Preferably the media feed path has an upper print zone positioned above a lower print zone, the upper print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the lower print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed. Preferably the upper print zone is directly above the lower print zone. Preferably the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream from the first print zone.
Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2 and in most cases less than 10 m2. Preferably pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the upper print zone generally opposes the feed direction in the lower print zone. Preferably the upper print zone and the lower print zone are defined by media rollers with their axes of rotation on an arcuate path, the arcuate path of the upper print zone being vertically spaced from the arcuate path of the lower print zone such that the media feed path through the upper and lower print zones is a series of flat segments extending between adjacent rollers, such that one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies prints on each of the flat segments respectively.
Preferably the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules configured for individual removal and replacement. Preferably the printer further comprises a chassis wherein the printhead drawer is mounted to the chassis via a pair of roller bearing slides, each of the roller bearing slides having a drawer track secured to the printhead drawer, a chassis track secured to the chassis and an intermediate track positioned between the chassis track and the drawer track, such that the drawer track and the intermediate track define a draw roller bearing race and the chassis track and the intermediate track define a chassis roller bearing race.
Preferably the printer has two of the printhead drawers, one of the printhead drawers for mounting all the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies for each of the upper and lower print zones respectively.
Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path at a continuous media feed speed of 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s. Preferably the printer also has a particulate trap mounted adjacent the media feed path, the particulate trap having a vent connected to a vacuum to draw particulate contaminants off the web. Preferably the particulate trap has rotating blades for directing the particulate contaminants into the vent.
the central processor is configured to selectively alter one or more of the copies to be non-identical to the remainder of the copies without interruption to the print run.
Preferably each of the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies has a plurality of printhead modules, each of the printhead modules having a respective print engine controller linked to the central processor, the print engine controllers each having a memory buffer for storing a portion the print data to be printed by the corresponding printhead module as well as the portion of the print data related to alterations.
Preferably the central processor is configured to load the print data and the print data related to alterations prior to the print run, and also configured to instruct the print engine controllers of each of the printhead modules to alter the print data for a non-identical copy of the document during the print run. Preferably the altered print data relates to advertising. Preferably the advertising is geographically relevant to readers of the non-identical copies of the document. Preferably the document is a publication for general sale as well as sale to subscribers and the central processor alters the document for individual subscribers in accordance with individual subscriber profiles.
Preferably the printer further comprises a scanner for scanning fiducial codes along the web, the scanner being connected to the central processor for feedback control of the printhead modules. Preferably the feedback control relates to registration of printing from each of the printhead modules and timing of instructing the printhead modules to print one of the non-identical copies.
Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path at a continuous media feed speed of 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s. Preferably the printer has a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation. Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops.
Preferably the printer has media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet. Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
Preferably the media feed path has an upper print zone positioned above a lower print zone, the upper print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the lower print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed. Preferably the upper print zone is directly above the lower print zone. Preferably the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream from the first print zone. Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2. Preferably the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
a plurality of pagewidth inkjet printheads positioned adjacent the media feed path for printing on both sides of the web.
Supporting the media web on an air cushion maintains an accurate print gap between the printheads and the media web while allowing the media feed path in the print zone to be flat. Flat media feed paths across the upper and lower print zone reduces the overall height of the printer significantly. Furthermore, the flat media feed paths allow all the upper printheads to be flat relative to each other and all the lower printheads to be flat relative to each other. This simplifies manufacturing and negates the difficulties associated with accurately centering the arc of the printhead cradles over the arc of the media feed path created when feed rollers are used.
Preferably the air cushion defines a print zone, the print zone being a segment of the media feed path where, during use, one side of the web is printed, the print zone being flat. Preferably the air platen frame has a plurality of air platens, each having an air inlet and an apertured surface for generating a part of the air cushion. Preferably each of the air platens has a maintenance assembly and mounted for rotation such that the maintenance assembly is presented to one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies.
Preferably the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules and the maintenance assembly is a set of maintenance stations for each of the printhead modules respectively.
Preferably the printer comprises two of the air platen frames, the two air platen frames being an upper air platen frame and a lower air platen frame, the upper and lower air platen frames configured to generate air cushions defining the upper and lower print zones respectively.
Preferably the first print zone is an upper print zone and the second print zone is a lower print zone positioned vertically beneath the upper print zone.
Preferably the upper and lower air platen frames each have a plurality of air platens, each of the air platens having an air inlet and an apertured surface for generating part of the air cushion.
Preferably each of the air platens has a maintenance assembly and mounted for rotation such that the maintenance assembly is presented to one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies. Preferably the maintenance assembly is a set of maintenance stations for each of the printhead modules respectively. Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the upper print zone opposing the feed direction in the lower print zone.
Preferably the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed. Preferably the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream along the media feed path from the upper print zone.
Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2 and commonly less than 10 m2. Preferably the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
Preferably the printer comprises a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation.
Mounting the printhead assemblies in a drawer allows convenient removal and replacement of printheads without needing to unthread the media web, and subsequently re-thread the web through the printer.
Preferably the media feed path includes a print zone, where during use, one side of the web is printed, the print zone being defined by a set of rollers mounted with their respective axes defining an arc such that a flat feed path segment extends between each pair of adjacent rollers in the set of rollers, each of the flat feed path segments being at an angle to the adjacent flat feed path segments, and the printhead drawer mounting a number of the pagewidth printhead assemblies, such that one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies is positioned to print on one of the flat feed path segments respectively. Preferably the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed.
Preferably the media feed path has an upper print zone positioned above a lower print zone, the upper print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the lower print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed. Preferably the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream from the first print zone. Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2, and usually less than 10 m2.
Preferably the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters. Preferably the upper print zone is directly above the lower print zone. Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the upper print zone generally opposes the feed direction in the lower print zone. Preferably the upper print zone and the lower print zone are defined by media rollers with their axes of rotation on an arcuate path, the arcuate path of the upper print zone being vertically spaced from the arcuate path of the lower print zone such that the media feed path through the upper and lower print zones is a series of flat segments extending between adjacent rollers, such that one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies prints on each of the flat segments respectively.
Preferably the printer further comprises a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation. Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops. Preferably the printer further comprises media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet.
Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path at a continuous media feed speed of 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s.
Preferably the printer further comprises a particulate trap mounted adjacent the media feed path, the particulate trap having a vent connected to a vacuum to draw particulate contaminants off the web. Preferably particulate trap has rotating blades for directing the particulate contaminants into the vent.
the media feed path has an upper print zone positioned above a lower print zone, the upper print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the lower print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed.
Vertically stacking the print zones on each other reduces the footprint of the printer. It also removes the need for a media web 'turn bar' between the printheads that print opposite sides of the web.
Preferably the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed. Preferably the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream from the first print zone. Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2, and usually less than 10 m2.
Preferably the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
Preferably the printer comprises two of the printhead drawers, one of the printhead drawers for mounting all the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies for each of the upper and lower print zones respectively.
Preferably the printer further comprises a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation.
Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops. Preferably the printer further comprises media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet. Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
Preferably the printer further comprises a particulate trap mounted adjacent the media feed path, the particulate trap having a vent connected to a vacuum to draw particulate contaminants off the web. Preferably the particulate trap has rotating blades for directing the particulate contaminants into the vent.
the first print zone and the second print zone are flat, and the first print zone is upstream from the second print zone with respect to a media feed direction.
Flat upper and lower print zones reduce the overall height of the printer significantly. Furthermore, the flat media feed paths allow all the upper printheads to be flat relative to each other and all the lower printheads to be flat relative to each other. This simplifies manufacturing and negates the difficulties associated with accurately centering the arc of the printhead cradles over an arc of the media feed path created when feed rollers are used.
Preferably the first print zone is an upper print zone and the second print zone is a lower print zone positioned vertically beneath the upper print zone. Preferably the printer further comprises an upper air platen frame and a lower air platen frame, the upper and lower air platen frames configured to generate air cushions defining the upper and lower print zones respectively. Preferably the upper and lower air platen frames each have a plurality of air platens, each of the air platens having an air inlet and an apertured surface for generating part of the air cushion. Preferably each of the air platens has a maintenance assembly and mounted for rotation such that the maintenance assembly is presented to one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies.
Preferably the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules and the maintenance assembly is a set of maintenance stations for each of the printhead modules respectively. Preferably the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the first print zone being opposing the feed direction in the second print zone.
Preferably the media feed path extends less than 10 meters from a point where during use, the web is blank, to a point where both sides of the web are printed. Preferably the second print zone is less than 4 m downstream along the media feed path from the first print zone. Preferably the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2, and commonly less than 10 m2. Preferably the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
Preferably the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules configured for individual removal and replacement. Preferably the printer further comprises a chassis wherein the printhead drawer is mounted to the chassis via a pair of roller bearing slides, each of the roller bearing slides having a drawer track secured to the printhead drawer, a chassis track secured to the chassis and an intermediate track positioned between the chassis track and the drawer track, such that the drawer track and the intermediate track define a draw roller bearing race and the chassis track and the intermediate track define a chassis roller bearing race. Preferably the printer comprises two of the printhead drawers, one of the printhead drawers for mounting all the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies for each of the first and second print zones respectively.
Preferably the printer further comprises a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation. Preferably the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops. Preferably the upper and lower air platen frames are configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet. Preferably the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
FIG. 29 is a perspective of a printhead module in the interface that fits to a printhead mounting site within one of the printhead cradles.
FIG. 1 shows the continuous web printer 10 next to a person 12 for context as to the printer size and footprint. A continuous web of media 14 is fed from a web roll unwinder (not shown) into the web inlet 16, through the printer 10 to the web outlet 18 where it is collected by a web roll winder (not shown). Web winders and unwinders are widely used and well known in the industry (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,178,341). On the front of the printer 10 are two removable panels 22 and 24 concealing the upper and lower printhead assembly drawers (described below). FIG. 2 shows the ink tanks and control processor storage cabinets 20 at the rear of the printer 10.
FIG. 3 shows the interior of the printer 10 with the outer paneling removed. The printer chassis 26 supports an upper printhead drawer 28 and a lower printhead draw 30. The upper printhead drawer 28 prints on the first side 36 of the media web 14 and the lower printhead drawer prints on the second side 38 of the media web 14. Beneath the upper printhead drawer 28 is the upper roller frame 32 and similarly the lower roller frame 34 sits beneath the lower printhead drawer 30. The roller frames mount a series of rollers 40 for defining the media feed path adjacent the pagewidth printhead assemblies (described below).
The pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies 151 and 143 are shown schematically in FIG. 17A for the purposes of illustration. Each assembly has five printhead modules (e.g. 148, 150, 152, 154 and 156) extending the width of the media web 14. The printhead modules are a user replaceable component of the printer and a comprehensive description of their structure and operation is provided in U.S. Ser. No. 12/845,723 filed Jul. 29, 2010 (our docket MWP001US) the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This co-pending application is also a useful reference for a detailed description of the maintenance stations 90 shown schematically in FIG. 17B. The printhead modules disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 12/339,039 filed Dec. 19, 2008 (our docket RRE058US) are also very similar to the modules used in the continuous web printer described here, hence the contents of this are also incorporated herein by reference.
FIGS. 4A and 4B shows the internal features of the printer in greater detail. For clarity, FIG. 4B has removed the chassis 26. The chassis 26 supports two cable loops 46 and 126 on a series of cable pulleys 50. FIGS. 12A and 12B show the cable pulleys 50 in greater detail. The cable pulleys each have a peripheral groove 130 to retain the cables 46 and 126. Each pulley 50 is mounted for independent rotation on a roller bearing 128. Hence the pulleys 50 at either end of the media rollers 40 (see FIG. 12A) rotate independently of the roller.
FIGS. 4A, 4B, 13, 14, 15 and 16A to 16C best show the operation of the web clamp. Referring firstly to FIG. 15, the web clamp 44 is fixed to, and extends between the cable loops 46 and 126. When not in use, the web clamp 44 'parks' at the web inlet 16. To thread the media web through the printer, the web from the roll unwinder is gripped by the web end clamp 44 which is then driven on the cable loops along the media feed path 42 to the web outlet 18 (see FIG. 1). The web is removed from the web clamp 44 and manually taken to the roll winder (not shown). As best shown in FIG. 4B, the web clamp 44 returns to the web inlet 16 via the return sections (47 and 127 respectively) of the cable loops 46 and 126. A cable drive motor 54 (see FIG. 13) synchronously rotates the loops and cable tensioners 52 (see FIG. 14) maintain correct cable tension in each loop.
FIGS. 16A to 16C show the web clamp 44 in isolation. A clamp arm 136 is rigidly secured to each of the cable loops 46 and 126 via cable clamps 132 extending from either end. Adjacent each end is an over centre mechanism 134 for biasing the clamp bar 146 into engagement with a central trough in the clamp arm 136. The over centre mechanisms 134 each have a lift lever 140 hinged to the clamp arm 136. The lever end is hinged to spring loaded telescopic ends 144 that can compress into the sleeve 142 against the bias of the springs. In FIG. 16A, the clamp 44 is open with the clamp bar 146 spaced from the longitudinal trough 138. The clamp bar 146 is at its maximum length with the springs in the telescopic ends 144 uncompressed. The extended clamp bar 146 holds itself spaced from the clamp arm 138 so that the user's hands are free to hold the end of the web media 14. The media web 14 is placed between the clamp bar 146 and the arm 136 and the lift levers 140 are rotated to close the gap (see FIG. 16B). The lift levers 140 rotate past the balance point of each over center mechanism 134 such that when the rubberized sleeve 142 of the clamp bar 146 nests into the trough 138 of the clamp arm 136, the bias from the sprung telescopic ends 144 urges the clamp bar 146 and the clamp arm 136 together (see FIG. 16C). This grips the media web 14 (see FIG. 3) as the web clamp 44 is fed from the web inlet 16 to the web outlet 18.
Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the upper and lower roller frames 32 and 34 are mounted to the pivot downwards and away from the upper and lower printhead assembly drawers 28 and 30 respectively. The roller frames 32 and 34 are pivoted away from the printhead assembly drawers 28 and 30 to allow the media web to be threaded through the media feed path 42. Referring to FIG. 11, the jacking mechanism 74 retracts the extendible strut 76 and as the upper roller frame 32 lowers, so too does lower roller frame 34 which is joined to the upper roller frame by connecting rod 78. Lowering the roller frames increases the gap between the media rollers and the printhead drawers to allow clearance for the web end clamp 44 to pass through. When the web is threaded through the printer, the jacking mechanism 74 extends the strut 76 and the roller frames rotate up to the printhead drawers about the upper and lower hinges 70 and 72 respectively.
The gap between the printheads and the media web (known as 'the printing gap') needs to be closely controlled to maintain print quality. To keep the print gap within specified tolerances, both the upper and lower roller frames (32 and 34) have four registration pins 66 each.
These metal pins are precisely located relative to the axes of the media rollers 40. Opposing the registration pins 66 are corresponding datum surfaces 68 on the upper and lower printhead drawers (28 and 30). The datum surfaces 68 are precisely located relative to the feed rollers 40 and likewise the registration pins 66 are accurately positioned relative to the printhead assemblies 151 and 153 (see FIG. 17A).
As shown in FIG. 11, the roller frames 32 and 34 move up to the printhead drawers 28 and 30. The registration pins 66 on the lower roller frame engage the datum surfaces 66 on the lower printhead drawer 34 before the registration pins 66 of the upper roller frame 32 engage the datum surfaces 68 on the upper printhead drawer 28. This happens because the connecting rod 78 is resiliently extendible using a spring loaded telescopic assembly. When the roller frames are in the lowered position, the connecting rod is shorter than the distance between a datum surface on the upper printhead drawer and the corresponding datum surface on the lower printhead drawer directly beneath. The extendible strut 76 forces the registration pins 66 on the upper roller frame 32 into engagement with the datum surfaces 68 against the bias of the sprung connecting rod 78. Likewise the lower roller frame 34 is held firmly in place by the bias of the spring in the connecting rod 78.
The printing gap 198 (see FIG. 17B) is also affected by the precision with which the arc of the printheads is centered over the arc of the media rollers 40. Skilled workers will appreciate that the rollers in the print zones (the zones where ink drops strike the media web) are arranged in an arc for control of the printing gap. The media web 14 is less likely to lift away from the surface of the rollers if the web is tensioned across an arc of rollers. Lifting away from the rollers would narrow or close the printing gap and produce artifacts in the print.
With the media web fed over an arc of rollers, the printheads need to be mounted in a parallel arc that is precisely centered over the arc of the rollers. This is trivial when the printhead assemblies, or at least the printhead module mounting sites are fixed relative to the media rollers. However, the printer 10 has pagewidth printhead assemblies mounted in draws that slide relative to the chassis for ease of removing and replacing faulty printheads. To keep the upper and lower printhead drawers 28 and 30 centered, they are mounted to the chassis 26 on roller bearing slides 60.
FIG. 10 shows the roller bearing slides 60 in detail. A drawer track 116 is mounted to the side of the drawer frame 80 with spaced swaged head fasteners 114. The drawer track 116 and an intermediate track 120 cooperate to form a drawer roller bearing race 124 for ball bearings (not shown). A chassis track 118 is fixed to the chassis 26 and cooperates with the intermediate track 120 to form a chassis bearing race 122 for another set of ball bearings. The drawer track 116 slides relative to the intermediate track 120 which in turn slides relative to the chassis track 118 when the printhead drawer 28 or 30 is drawn out from the printer chassis 26. The curved bearing races 122 and 124 accurately centre on the ball bearings so that the printhead drawers are likewise centered over the arc of the roller frame 32 or 34.
Referring back to FIGS. 4A and 4B, all the electrical cabling to the printheads and their respective print engine controllers is fed from the main processor in the cabinets 20 through caterpillar track style energy chains 48. The energy chains 48 unfurl as the upper and lower printhead drawers 28 and 30 are pulled out from the chassis 26. This keeps the many wires tidy and prevents them from jamming in the draws or other damage.
FIG. 5 shows the upper printhead drawer 28 in isolation. The drawer has a drawer frame 80 for mounting six printhead cradles 82 at an angle to each other. Each printhead cradle 82 has mounting sites 84 for five separate printhead modules (described in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 17A). The printhead modules in a single printhead cradle 82 form one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies 151 (see FIG. 17A) and each pagewidth printhead assembly prints one color channel only (CMYK or IR). Hence the printer may configure the six printhead cradles 82 to print CCMMYK or CMYKKIR or a different combination better suited to the intended print jobs.
Each mounting site 84 has a printhead module interface 232 shown in FIG. 29. The printhead module interface provides the ink and electrical interface with the printhead module 148. The rectangular socket 234 is fixed to the mounting site 84 and the ink distribution system is connected to the ink supply interface 236 and the ink return interface 238. The opposing side of the socket 234 has the print engine controller (PEC) 208 for providing power and print data to the printhead module 148 under the overriding control of the central processor 210 in the storage cabinets 20 (see FIG. 23A). PEC 208 connects to the printhead module 148 via a line of sprung contacts 240 which engage contact pads on a TAB film 242 leading to a line of printhead integrated circuits (IC's) 244.
As discussed above, the printhead modules are comprehensively described in U.S. Ser. No. 12/845,723 filed Jul. 29, 2010 (our docket MWP001US) the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 6 shows the upper roller frame 32 in isolation. The media rollers 40 extend between, and are rotatably mounted to, side plates 88. At one longitudinal end of each side plate 88 are roller frame hinge points 94. At the opposing ends is a jacking strut attachment plate 92 for the jacking strut 76 (see FIG. 4). On the outside face of each side plate 88 are the registration pins 66 and rotatably mounted at each end of the rollers 40 are the cable loop pulleys 50.
Between the side plates 88 are six sets of maintenance stations 90. Each set has five maintenance stations 90 positioned in registration with the corresponding five printhead modules in each cradle 82 of the upper printhead drawer 28.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspectives showing the upper roller frame 32 and the lower roller frame 34 in their lowered positions. The upper and lower roller frames are moved by front and back jacking mechanisms 74. FIGS. 4B and 13 best shown the back jacking mechanism 74. Front and back jack drive motors 96 retract their extendible struts 76 of the jacking mechanisms 74. The upper roller frame 32 falls away from the upper printhead drawer 28 about the upper roller frame hinge 70. Connecting rods 78 (see FIG. 4B) allows the lower roller frame 34 to also drop away from the lower printhead drawer 30 by pivoting about the lower roller frame hinge 72. Lowering the upper and lower roller frames 32 and 34 provides room for the web feed clamp 44 to pass between the printhead drawers and the roller frames.
FIG. 8 is a perspective showing the upper drawer panel 22 removed and the upper printhead drawer 28 extended. With the upper roller frame 32 lowered, the upper printhead drawer 28 is easily pulled out of the printer 10 on the self centering roller slides 60. With the drawer extended, the printhead modules (not shown) are accessible for servicing such as removal and replacement.
FIG. 9 shows the elevation of the upper printhead drawer 28 relative to the five upper ink header tanks 98. The ink header tanks supply the six pagewidth printhead assemblies in the upper printhead drawer 28 (with one of the header tanks supplying two of the printhead assemblies). The upper header tanks 98 are positioned such that they are at a slightly lower elevation than the printhead modules they supply. This generates a slightly negative hydrostatic pressure at the nozzles so that the ink meniscus at each nozzle does not bulge outwards when the nozzle is inactive. An outward meniscus makes the nozzle prone to leakage through wicking contact with paper dust or similar.
FIG. 23A shows the upper printhead headers 98 and the lower printhead headers 100 (for supplying the printheads in the lower printhead drawer 30) together with the ink supply tanks 102. Six ink supply tanks 102 feed ink to the ten upper and lower header tanks. As discussed above, one of the upper header tanks 98 and one of the lower header tanks 100 supply two sets of printhead modules each. Hence, these header tanks are supplied by two supply tanks.
The ink level in each of the header tanks is maintained in a narrow range. This in turn keeps the hydrostatic pressure at the nozzles within a narrow range. A float valve and or ink sensors are used to control the ink inflow. FIG. 23B shows one of the ink supply tanks 102 in isolation. Two supply lines extend from each ink tank 102—one line 104 to the lower header tank(s) 100 and the other line 106 to the upper header tank(s). The ink supply line connects to respective header inlets 110 at the top of each header tank. The header outlets 112 at the bottom of the header tanks lead to the printhead modules in the corresponding printhead set. A peristaltic pump 108 is fitted to all supply lines 104 and 106. Each peristaltic pump 108 has a spalling filter at its outlet to prevent contamination of the ink. These pumps 108 operate periodically in response to the ink sensors or float valve in the corresponding header tank.
To prime the printheads, the peristaltic pumps 108 partially fill the header tanks. Compressed air is fed to the head space in each of the header tanks so that ink is forced under pressure to the printhead modules. This system avoids any moving parts and the risk of contamination by spalling from a second set of peristaltic pumps. Pressure priming effectively purges air from the feed lines to each printhead module but causes an ink flood at the nozzles which is removed by the maintenance modules prior to printing.
FIGS. 17A and 17B show the media web 14 extending through the feed path together with a pagewidth printhead assembly 151 from the upper printhead drawer and one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies 153 from the lower printhead drawer. The upper printhead assembly 151 has five separately mounted printheads modules 148-156 for printing on one side of the media web 14. Likewise, the lower printhead assembly 153 has five individual printhead modules 170-178 to print the opposite side of the media web. As discussed above, the upper printhead drawer has six printhead cradles respectively mounting the pagewidth printhead assemblies 151 which print on feed path segments 158-168 respectively. Similarly, the lower printhead drawer supports another six pagewidth printhead assemblies which print on feed path segments 180-190 respectively. The upper and lower printhead feed path segments are flat segments of the feed path between two of the media rollers 40. In the interests of clarity, only one pagewidth printhead assembly from the upper and lower printhead drawers are shown.
The upper and lower printheads are mounted above their respective feed path segments for uniform ink supply and drop ejection characteristics. This requires a serpentine feed path where the upper feed direction is generally opposite the lower feed direction. The arc of the media roller axes in the upper feed path is generally parallel to the arc of the media roller axes on the lower feed path. This configuration reduces the footprint of the printer. The HP Web Press has the printheads for one side of the web positioned laterally adjacent the printheads for the opposing side. Between the two sets of printheads is a web turner (or 'turn bar', as it is sometime called). This configuration has a media feed path length of well over 400 inches (approx. 10 m) and consumes a great deal of floor space. The serpentine feed path and vertically stacked printhead drawers used by the present invention keep the footprint to less than 15 m2 and in most cases less than 10 m2.
While the specific embodiment shown in the drawings has the serpentine feed path positioned such that the upper print zone 193 is vertically above the lower print zone 195 (see FIG. 17B), the meander of the serpentine path could also extend vertically or diagonally to achieve similar footprint reductions. In view of this, the upper print zone should be more broadly thought of as a first print zone 193 and the lower print zone thought of as a second print zone 195. The first print zone 193 is upstream of the second print zone 195, and the media feed direction in the first print zone should be generally opposed to that of the second print zone.
The overall length of the feed path is also shorter. The printhead modules are configured to eject low volume ink droplets; less than 2 pico-liters and more often less than 1.5 pico-liters. In the embodiment shown, the drop size is 1.1 pico-liters, ±0.1 pico-liters. The low drop volumes dry relatively quickly when printed on the media web which shortens the length of the feed path from the start 192 of the upper print zone (i.e. the upper print zone segments 158-168) to the end 194 of the feed path of the lower print zone 195 (the length A-A shown in FIG. 17B) to substantially less than 10 m and usually less than 5 m. The embodiment shown the length is 3.535 m.
Small quick drying ink droplets also reduce the length B-B shown in FIG. 17B. This is the end 200 of the upper print zone 193 to the first point of contact 202 with a media roller on the freshly printed side of the media web. Ordinary workers will appreciate that there are many factors that govern the length B-B such as the feed speed, the type of media (glossy or otherwise), droplet volume, ink type, the use of infra-red heaters and so on. With a media feed speed of between 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s and a droplet volume less than 2 pico-liters, the length B-B is comfortably less than 4 m and usually less than 2 m even without the use of heaters to dry the ink.
As best shown in FIG. 4B, the printer has two IR (infra red) heaters 56 and 58 for additional control of the ink drying rate. The upper IR heater 56 is adjacent the downstream end of the upper print zone 193 and the lower IR heater 58 is downstream of the lower print zone 195. Using the IR heaters 56 and 58 allows the media feed speed to remain at the upper end of the 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s media feed speed range, when printing at 100% coverage, photographic resolution on glossy paper.
The continuous web printer of the present invention has a media feed speed of between 1.5 m/s and 2.0 m/s. The printer does not drive the media web itself, but instead uses the drive on the unwinder and winder. These are not run at the speed (approx. 3.5 m/s to 4.0 m/s) of a traditional high end web printer and so is not suitable for printing editions of national newspapers or similar. However, for smaller print runs, the web printer of the present invention is particularly versatile. The ease with which the web is threaded through the printer allows the operator to be unskilled and the small footprint allows the printer to have a presence in shopping malls for very small print runs.
After threading a new media web through the printer, a test dot pattern is printed by each of the printhead modules (e.g. 148, 150, 152, 154 and 156 of FIG. 17B). The scanner 64 views the printed dot pattern on both sides of the web simultaneously. The scanner 64 is shown in the partial enlarged elevation of FIG. 18. FIGS. 19 and 20 are perspectives showing the scanner 64 in isolation. During use, the side plates 206 of the scanner 64 are in the closed position shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. However, when the media web is being threaded through the printer on the web clamp 44, the plates open as shown in FIG. 20. The scanned image data of the printed dot pattern is transmitted via the scanner output 204 to the central processor 210 (see FIG. 17B) typically installed in the cabinets 20 together with the ink tanks. The central processor 210 compares the scanned images to a reference dot pattern corresponding to all printhead modules, and all pagewidth printhead assemblies in correct registration with each other. The central processor 210 then electronically adjusts the printing from each of the printhead modules via their respective print engine controllers 208 (see FIG. 17B).
The media web is commonly marked with periodic fiducial codes for correct registration between the print on both sides of the web. The scanner 64 reads and transmits the fiducial codes to the central processor 210 for any corrective adjustments to the registration of the printing from individual printhead modules. The central processor 210 of the present web printer can use these fiducial codes to customize some of the printed content in one or more of copies within a print run. Subscriber profile data can be used to tailor the advertising within particular copies for individual subscribers. Similarly, the content within the publication can be personalized to match the subscriber interests.
Print data for the print run is periodically downloaded from the central processor 210 to the individual printhead modules and buffered in their respective print engine controllers 208. Typically the print run will be many (say more than 1000) identical copies of a single publication or document. The processing capability of the central processor 210 coupled with the individual print engine controllers 208 allow the printer to generate one or more non-identical copies without interruption or delay to the print run.
Selectively altering one or more of the copies to be non-identical to the remainder of the copies without interruption to the print run allows publishers to customize content for particular markets or even individual subscribers.
Depending on its capacity of the memory buffer, each of the print engine controllers 208 may store the print data for the identical copies as well as print data related to alterations. However, if each copy is a large document, and/or the number of alterations is large, the central processor 210 can transmit print data to the print engine controllers 208 during the print run. Using the fiducial codes on the web, the printhead modules can be instructed to generate a non-identical copy shortly before it is printed.
The altered print data in each of the non-identical copies relates to advertising. The advertising may be more geographically relevant to the intended readers of the non-identical copies whereas the altered content may be of little relevance to the majority of the readers.
FIGS. 21 and 22 best show the features of the particulate trap 62. The particulate trap 62 is mounted adjacent the feed path between the upper roller frame 32 and the lower printhead drawer 30. Rotating blades 212 brush the web surface to remove paper dust, dried ink aerosol or other particulates. The blades 212 continue to rotate around to the longitudinal vent 216 of a vacuum tube 214. The particulate contaminants are drawn off the blades 212 as they are dragged over the vent 216 and sucked into the air flow through the vacuum tube 214. Removing the particulate contaminants from the web surface prior to printing reduces print artifacts and particulate contamination of the nozzle arrays 196 (see FIG. 17B).
FIGS. 25A to 29 show another embodiment which replace the upper and lower roller frames 32 and 34, with air platen frames 218. Where the air platen frame 218 and the upper roller frame 32 have corresponding or equivalent features, they are indicated with the same reference numeral.
FIG. 27 shows the air platen frame 218 in isolation. Six individual air platens 220 are supported on platen shafts 228 rotatably mounted between side plates 88. At the upstream and downstream ends of the air platens 220 are media rollers 40. As with the previous embodiment, these rollers 40 have cable pulleys 50 at either end for the web feed cables 46 and 126. On the underside of each air platen 220 are the five maintenance stations 90 for the five printhead modules 148-156 (see FIG. 17A) that span the media web 14 opposite each platen. At the front end of each of the platen shafts 228 are platen turn gears 224. These form a line of meshing spur gears, the first of which also meshes with a platen shaft drive gear 222. The platen shaft drive gear 222 can be manually engaged or linked to a powered drive. Rotating the platen drive gear 222 turns the gears 224 in unison so that all six sets of maintenance stations 90 present to the printhead modules.
FIG. 29 shows the air platen frame 218 together with the media web 14 and two of the printhead assembly cradles 82. As with the previous embodiment, the printhead cradles 82 are supported in a printhead drawer which has been omitted from FIG. 29 for the purposes of illustration. The air platen frame 218 can be lowered away from the printhead drawer by rotating down about the hinge 94. This allows the media web 14 to be threaded through the feed path by the web clamp travelling on the cable loops 46 and 126. It also allows the platens 220 to rotate the maintenance modules 90 into place.
FIGS. 25A and 25B show one of the platens 220 in isolation. Air inlets 230 at the rear facing end of the platen 220 are in fluid communication with a pressurized air source (not shown). The air flow is distributed across the apertured surface 226 to generate an air cushion or air bearing similar to that of an air hockey table. The media web 14 is supported on the air cushion as it is fed past the printhead modules. The positional control of the media web provided by the air cushion is satisfactory for printing without visible artifacts. The variation in the print gap 198 (see FIG. 17B) between the nozzles 196 and the media 14 is less than ±10 microns. The air platens 220 also reduce friction on the media web to practically zero. Hence there is less drag on the winder and unwinder which drive the media web through the printer.
The continuous web printer shown here has a compact form and low production cost relative to traditional continuous web presses and even the more recent HP Web Press which uses inkjet printheads. The 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s media feed speed equates to printing a 3000 page book in a minute. With the small footprint, and automated web threading, and the print run flexibility of the central processor, the web printer can be installed in a retail shop or shopping mall where books or publications are printed on demand.
The present invention has been described herein by way of example only. Skilled workers will readily understand many variations and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the broad inventive concept.
2. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 wherein the media feed path has an upper print zone positioned above a lower print zone, the upper print zone being a section of the media feed path in which one side of the web is printed and the lower print zone being a section of the media feed path in which the other side of the web is printed.
3. A continuous web printer according to claim 2 wherein the lower print zone is less than 4 m downstream from the first print zone.
4. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 wherein the web printer occupies a footprint of floor space, the footprint being the less than 15 m2.
5. A continuous web printer according to claim 4 wherein the footprint is less than 10 m2.
6. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 wherein the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies eject ink droplets with a volume less than 2 pico-liters.
7. A continuous web printer according to claim 2 wherein the upper print zone is directly above the lower print zone.
8. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 wherein the web is fed along the media feed path in a feed direction, the feed direction in the upper print zone generally opposes the feed direction in the lower print zone.
9. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 wherein the upper print zone and the lower print zone are defined by media rollers with their axes of rotation on an arcuate path, the arcuate path of the upper print zone being vertically spaced from the arcuate path of the lower print zone such that the media feed path through the upper and lower print zones is a series of flat segments extending between adjacent rollers, such that one of the pagewidth printhead assemblies prints on each of the flat segments respectively.
11. A continuous web printer according to claim 10 wherein the pagewidth printhead assemblies each comprise a set of inkjet printhead modules configured for individual removal and replacement.
12. A continuous web printer according to claim 11 further comprising a chassis wherein the printhead drawer is mounted to the chassis via a pair of roller bearing slides, each of the roller bearing slides having a drawer track secured to the printhead drawer, a chassis track secured to the chassis and an intermediate track positioned between the chassis track and the drawer track, such that the drawer track and the intermediate track define a draw roller bearing race and the chassis track and the intermediate track define a chassis roller bearing race.
13. A continuous web printer according to claim 12 comprising two of the printhead drawers, one of the printhead drawers for mounting all the pagewidth inkjet printhead assemblies for each of the upper and lower print zones respectively.
14. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 further comprising a web threading mechanism for engaging one end of the web and threading the web along the media feed path in response to user activation.
15. A continuous web printer according to claim 14 wherein the web threading mechanism has two cable loops mounted for rotation on pulleys such that the media feed path is between the two cable loops.
16. A continuous web printer according to claim 15 further comprising media feed rollers configured for displacement away from the media feed path when the web threading mechanism is drawing the web to the outlet.
17. A continuous web printer according to claim 15 wherein the web threading mechanism has a web clamp that engages the free end of the unwound web, the web clamp being fixed to, and extending between the two cable loops such that synchronized rotation of the two cable loops draws the web draws the web from the input to the output.
18. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 wherein during use, the web is fed along the media feed path at a continuous media feed speed of 1.5 m/s to 2.0 m/s.
19. A continuous web printer according to claim 1 further comprising a particulate trap mounted adjacent the media feed path, the particulate trap having a vent connected to a vacuum to draw particulate contaminants off the web.
20. A continuous web printer according to claim 19 wherein the particulate trap has rotating blades for directing the particulate contaminants into the vent.
MX2017008642A (en) * 2014-12-30 2018-05-28 Projecta Eng S R L Decorating printing machine.


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Tips for a Newcomer to the Pet Market?
I am new to the pet market planning on raising Mini Lops for show and pet. The babies I don't keep I will give pet homes. Dont want to send any to freezer camp because my dad won't eat them and I can't handle slaughtering. So does anyone have any tips for a newbie?
Re: Tips for a Newcomer to the Pet Market?
As others here told me, and finally convinced me (through logic I could not argue), it is not truly practical to raise rabbits if you have no plan to properly and humanely dispose of rabbits you are unable to sell.
Rabbits produce a lot of offspring. They are known for it. You will, eventually, have rabbits you cannot sell within a reasonable amount of time. Your choices of what to do with those rabbits are limited.
Frankly, I had to come to terms with the fact that if you are unable to 'terminally cull' some of your stock, you should not get into breeding rabbits. Best of luck to you.
Susie worded it a bit more harshly than I would have...but I tend to agree.
Rabbits are allowed on craigslist if sold as livestock and not pets, advertising on FB pages before a show to get exposure to breeders, breeding with holiday sales in mind, things like that.
Often there are cull buyers at some shows in the area. You can try asking around. Facebook and yahoo groups are good places or emailing the person listed on the ARBA show listing and any flier for the show. They will take your unwanted rabbits to try to sell or often to dispatch and sell as pet food. It does not give them what pet owners would consider a better result but if you have no problem with your rabbits being food and just don't want to do it yourself it is a possible solution. It's still really not a good idea to rely 100% on this and pet owners to fully take all rabbits you don't want to keep. You need to breed and fill cages a bit more carefully in case you get stuck with excess rabbits for awhile.
As for selling do not sell to pet stores without the right paperwork. A usda license and inspection may be required and anything over $500 a year has to be reported on taxes. People have been utterly ruined by selling rabbits to lots of local people and then selling some out of a pet store and getting the attention of people in authority. There were a few cases of people being hit with several $100,000s of fines and taxes. If there is going to be a paper trail you have a lot more to worry about and records to keep than cash and low cost checks between individuals.
I find rather than advertising your entire rabbitry to pet owners it works best to advertise the fewest rabbits possible at a time. I guess it makes it look like they are more frequently handled pets than a large business and it gets you flagged off sites like craigslist less. The best approach I saw was naming each rabbit for sale and listing them individual with a few comments on as much personality as possible and their looks. I now put about 2-3, usually same gender, in a listing and mention something about each one rather than entire litters or groups of litters. This is much the opposite of what you want to do for selling to breeders. Breeders for show or meat want to know you have a good solid rabbitry with healthy litters available rather than the name and personality details of one rabbit. It still helps to mention if they are particularly nice and easy to handle rabbits and to comment on good aspects of color or type. Getting good photos of well posed rabbits will get you farther selling to breeders online though. Best is to get as much of your available stock as possible to rabbit shows and then not only will the people at the show see them but when someone asks for a breeder in your area someone might remember to mention you.
If I have absolutely no choice I can arrange to cull a rabbit. But that probably won't happen since I have other ways to sell rabbits: cull buyers, mini lops sell really good around here and also there is some people who would love live rabbits for snake food. I raised Silver Fox for meat and show and I've mever had to cull a rabbit so far so I'm hoping I don't have to. But like I said if I have no choice I could take it to my uncles or borrow something besides a pellet gun from the neighbors and get my brother to do it as a favor.
Yes, sorry I didn't mean to come off as harsh.
If you're willing to dispatch, or sell to cull buyers (something I will not do because I worry about how they are treated), then there shouldn't be a problem. I read your post as saying that you are not willing to dispatch or cull rabbits.
A great idea that someone here suggested, is giving culls to a local raptor rehab facility. They want rabbits brought to them dispatched and possibly frozen, but they will take everything from newborns to old rabbits and I find it to be a worthy cause for when I have to deal with that.
Know how much market there is before you get too many rabbits breeding.
Might depend on the area of Michigan but I know that Michigan has A LOT of Mini Lop breeders, and some excellent ones at that. So that might make it more difficult. I know a gal I bought some of my show herd off of who lives there said because their area is so saturated with Mini Lop breeders many end up having to be sold at auctions for food. SO, as long as you are aware of that going in. If that is true in your area you might want to consider a breed that there is not as many breeders of in MI. Just my 2 cents. Best of luck to you!
Susie, I didn't think you were harsh, merely honest.
I didn't really mean it was 100% impossible for me to dispatch, just that I myself couldn't handle it, and I really REALLY would rather not. But that it is possible if I have to.
I feel like I should explain my situation a little better as well. I used to have a lot of rabbits: Silver Fox, Silver Marten, Polish, a Mini Lop and a Jersey Wooly. But due to financial issues I have had to downsize to 4 rabbits. I have a Mini Lop buck and a Jersey Wooly buck. I was planning on getting a ML doe and a Britannia Petite doe for rabbit hopping. The reason I decided to do ML is because I already had a buck and so I only have to get a doe, because they sell good as pets around here, because it's one of my favorite breeds and because My 4-H leader can cut me a deal for a nice rabbit. I would almost rather do JWs though since I already have a buck, because its so cold during the winter, because no one else near me breeds them. But I don't want to do that because I already have trouble keeping up maintenance on my one JW buck. So that's why I decided Mini Lops. I am not planning on breeding a lot, just breeding enough so that I have juniors for shows every year. I have fallen in love with Britannia Petites and if I like my doe enough in the future if I am better off financially I may start breeding those.
So that's my situation. And since I wont be breeding often (just once or maybe twice a year) then I figured I could sell them as pets. So that's why I asked for tips, because this is my first time with pet rabbits.
I have a couple questions, actually. Do I need a sales contract? I was planning on screening my buyers a little bit and giving them some of my food to take home and a care sheet, but I didn't know if I should have a sales contract. Also, how much do you sell your pet rabbits for?
The_Dutchess wrote: Do I need a sales contract? I was planning on screening my buyers a little bit and giving them some of my food to take home and a care sheet, but I didn't know if I should have a sales contract. Also, how much do you sell your pet rabbits for?
You do not NEED a sales contract, that's entirely up to you, but many of us have found it to be a good idea. I give my new owners a 'Care Sheet', which also serves as a sales contract and includes information such as my guarantee (no guarantee) and my return policy (I will accept the return of any unwanted rabbit, for free). I only state that rabbits are sold as healthy when they leave my premises and give specific instructions for feeding, what type of feed they are used to eating, how to mix up ACV water, and other general information.
I have been charging $20-$30 for mixed breed pet rabbits, 'gentle and handled from birth'. I start taking deposits (half down) at 6 wks of age, they can leave my facility no earlier than 8 wks. I will hold a rabbit (with deposit) for up to one week after their 8 wk anniversary, after that I charge $1/day boarding fee. No refunds on deposits. I include about a week's worth of starter pellets and a plastic grocery bag of hay. I've also started giving out a toy and the rabbit's salt chunk with each rabbit.
I'd rather dispatch my own any day than send them to auction, as those are the only places I know of where workers have been known lift rabbits by their EARS.
And, I like SNAKES too much to be an accessory to offering one a live rabbit!
I've seen pics of what happened to a snake after someone tried live feeding a mature satin doe.
"The snake's face looked like hamburger"
I think, there are safer animals for snakes who require moving prey.
I totally disagree with people suggesting killing. I'm not sure what your pet market is like, but where I live I successfully sell all my mini lops to the pet market BEFORE I breed them, for about $100-150. So I look at the parents and their pedigrees and decide what colours they will produce, then I post a form for people to fill out on my website that asks for the gender and colour they would like. Next I ask each person to transfer the full amount into my bank account, and I breed my rabbits. If I didn't end up with a colour or gender that someone wanted, the I refund their money. If I did breed the colour and gender that they wanted then I wait until they are 8 weeks old and send them off to their forever home. I wait until I get at least 10 requests before I breed, never before.
If you don't have the interest I do then talk to some pet shops to see if they'll take them, or if one or two doesn't sell then just keep lowering the price.
If it looks like you'll have to kill a rabbit, then don't breed as often. Simple as that.
Cookie & Co. wrote: I totally disagree with people suggesting killing. I'm not sure what your pet market is like, but where I live I successfully sell all my mini lops to the pet market BEFORE I breed them, for about $100-150. So I look at the parents and their pedigrees and decide what colours they will produce, then I post a form for people to fill out on my website that asks for the gender and colour they would like. Next I ask each person to transfer the full amount into my bank account, and I breed my rabbits. If I didn't end up with a colour or gender that someone wanted, the I refund their money. If I did breed the colour and gender that they wanted then I wait until they are 8 weeks old and send them off to their forever home. I wait until I get at least 10 requests before I breed, never before.
If you're breeding for more than pets, not terminal culling is not going to happen. People can say want but a list of 20 can go to 0 quick. I'm guessing you've also never had a bad pet experience, one of these and quick kill for eating or feeding is way more humane than pets. There is nothing wrong with terminal culling.
Sales policy on what will do is good idea. Care sheet, or mini booklet in my case, also good. Starter food, hay, and pedigree also goes with. You have yo be ok with the notion that some time there is going to be problems and they may not be well cared for or what you offer in help is ignored and the rabbit suffers. Screening doesn't guarantee good homes.
I know a lot of people who would be very wary of putting down that much money on a bunny that isn't even born yet. Even with a personal guarantee from the breeder to get their money back if it's "no dice", many folks I know would find the offer a little too iffy. Especially if they didn't know the breeder very well. I'm sure it's worked for you, Cookie & Co., but I don't think everyone can expect such favorable circumstances.
Cookie in Co, isn't located in the US. I believe their country is a bit different when it comes to pets.
Perhaps she hasn't ever seen the kind of bad pet experiences we have?
if one or two doesn't sell then just keep lowering the price.
That could be tricky in an agricultural area, where there already are many people selling rabbits at $10 each.
I had to learn the hard way to set my price, and stick with it, since lowering the price too far attracted the very WORST buyers. A few of my babies neglected to death was all it took to teach me that selling them cheaply was not "saving" them from a horrible fate, it was setting them up for it.
It turns out, a quick painless kill is a lot kinder than a slow death to starvation or dehydration.
Those people had me convinced they were experienced rabbit owners too.
I don't feel like explaining it all right now Cookie, but, there are also many people here who firmly believe that euthanasia can also be a much a kinder fate then selling to a US pet store.
If I didn't end up with a colour or gender that someone wanted, the I refund their money.
This wouldn't really work out in most parts of the US.
I feel, it's probably due to how much poverty and illegal drug use we have, but I think people would take advantage of a system like that at every opportunity, breeding(or claiming to breed imaginary animals,) taking lots of money, and then disappearing.
I've had a number of experiences with irresponsible pet owners in the past, as well as shady people on Craigslist (which I know is mostly a US thing, but I'm sure there are comparable sites). As nice as it would be to be able to ask for money in advance of the litter, in my area that just wouldn't happen. Then again, in my current neck of the woods, people think a 20 gallon aquarium for 2 juvenile fantail goldfish is ridiculously large.
If the_Duchess is not wanting to terminally cull rabbits, either, though, I still think breeding more rarely is the best option. I really like the idea of giving out care pamphlets and some of their accustomed food/treats/toys, too. The fewer drastic changes in environment the better, right?


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Government Congratulates Kelvin Felix
Reggie Austrie and kelvin Felix
Roseau, Dominica – Monday, January 13, 2014 – The Government of Dominica has joined the Catholic community in congratulating Dominican born Archbishop Kelvin Felix on his appointment as Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Archbishop Felix was one of nineteen new Cardinals named by Pope Francis on Sunday, January 12, 2014.
Reginald Austrie, Prime Minister (Ag.) described the appointment of Archbishop Felix to the position of Cardinal, as a proud moment for Dominica. Hon. Austrie extended congratulation to Archbishop Felix on behalf of the Government and people of Dominica.
"On behalf of the Government and people of Dominica, I would like to congratulate Archbishop Kelvin Felix on being named Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Francis' decision to select Archbishop Felix as one of 19 new Cardinals from around the world shows wisdom and foresight in expanding the church in developing countries.
From his ordination as a priest in 1956 Archbishop Felix has served with distinction throughout his long career in the Catholic Church. Having been ordained Archbishop in 1981 and serving in that position for twenty-seven years overseeing the dioceses of Castries, St. Georges and Roseau Archbishop Felix has been a shining example of what a Catholic priest should be.
We in Dominica are very proud or Archbishop Felix's achievements in the Catholic Church. His decision to return home after retiring as Archbishop demonstrated his love for country and desire to play his part in the spiritual development of his people. On behalf of the Government and people of Dominica, in particular, the Catholic Community, we congratulate Cardinal select Felix and wish him great success in his new vocation. We will continue to pray for him asking God to give him the guidance he needs to continue his Ministry."
(Press Attaché)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The New Hampshire Lottery selected the 11 finalists during a preliminary drawing earlier this summer from non-winning $500 a Week For Life scratch tickets. During the sixth inning, finalists will be invited onto the field and will choose one of 11 prize envelopes. Finalists will be instructed to open their envelopes at once to reveal their prizes.


text:
require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/../../spec_helper'

describe "ENV.inspect" do

  it "returns a String that looks like a Hash with real data" do
    ENV["foo"] = "bar"
    ENV.inspect.should =~ /\{.*"foo"=>"bar".*\}/
    ENV.delete "foo"
  end

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home/News/Gravitational-Wave Observatory LIGO Set to Double.../Full Text
Gravitational-Wave Observatory LIGO Set to Double Its Detecting Power
Credit: Victor de Schwanberg/Science Photo Library
Spotting gravitational waves is due to become an almost hourly event in the next decade. Starting around 2023, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) will undergo its most significant upgrade since 2015, UK and US funding agencies announced on 14 February.
Robot Dogs Join U.S. Air Force Exercise
Broken Hearts and Coffee Mugs
George V. Neville-Neil
The Software that Led to the Lockdown


Have you ever been walking down a grocery store aisle and suddenly had your feet shoot out from under you causing you to fall and injure yourself? Such Oklahoma slip and fall accidents are extremely rare if the floor is well maintained and kept free of hazards such water, soaps and other liquids. Unfortunately not all floors are properly inspected and maintained. As a result, severe injuries that are completely preventable sometimes occur. If you've been injured in a slip and fall accident, it's crucial that you have an experienced Oklahoma slip and fall lawyer on your side that will fight for the compensation you deserve. At McIntyre Law in Oklahoma City, we have an experienced team of legal professionals ready to assist you through every aspect of your claim. We will make sure the insurance company fairly compensates you for any injuries you have suffered.
The attorneys at McIntyre Law routinely handle slip and fall where substantial injury has occurs. In an Oklahoma slip and fall case, the owner of the establishment has a duty to maintain the premises and make it safe for their guests, visitors and customers. Specifically, the duty includes keeping the premises safe from known dangers or other conditions that may cause injuries to people who have been invited or granted permission to be on the property. In Oklahoma, the standard for slip and fall cases is whether a reasonable person would have seen and appreciated the danger.
Several injuries can occur as the result of slip and fall accidents. Slip and fall victims may sustain bruises, broken bones, and scrapes that require minimal medical treatment and heal relatively quickly. More serious slip and fall incidents may result in brain injuries, herniated discs, spinal cord injuries and broken bones. The lifelong impact of these injuries can be devastating and you need an experienced Oklahoma personal injury lawyer to get you the compensation you deserve.
Honesty, hard work and compassion are the hallmarks of our law firm. We strive to provide the best legal representation to premise liability victims while adhering to a strict code of ethics. We pledge to keep the victims best interests at heart as we work to make the legal process as painless as possible for the injured and their family. At McIntyre Law you will get the full attention of our lawyers and have unabated access to our Oklahoma City and Tulsa lawyers at anytime.
What Areas of Oklahoma Does McIntyre Law Practice In?
The Oklahoma slip and fall attorneys in our office routinely handle cases throughout the entire state of Oklahoma. Our client representation covers Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Lawton, Edmond, Norman, Ardmore, Idabel, Shawnee, Stillwater, Midwest City and Moore, in counties including Oklahoma County, Tulsa County, Payne County, Cleveland and McCurtain County. No matter where you are in the state of Oklahoma, our slip and fall lawyers stand ready to help you.
If you or a loved one has been the unfortunate victim of slip and fall negligence, please contact McIntyre Law. The exceptional level of experience and personal care can make a difference in the outcome of your case.


Aalto Aliens is the Women's American Football Team of Aalto University. The team plays in the Finnish Academic League. Students from Universities and Universities of Applied Science in the Greater Helsinki area are eligible to join the team.
American football is a sport that requires players of many different athletic types. The team includes experienced players from the women's first division, maple league and national team, whilst also having players practicing American Football for the first time.
The team is part of the Aalto Predators organisation, which also organizes evenings for players to watch games, socialize and hang out. The association also includes football enthusiasts who support the team by using their talents to arrange events or by joining the board.


WINAICO, Taiwan's largest PV module brand, receives the carbon footprint verification on the WST-P6 module production by Bureau Veritas Certification. In order to determine Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission of WINAICO's WST-P6 product series, assessments were conducted across all WINAICO facilities and suppliers in accordance to ISO/TS 14067:2013. The result positions WINAICO as one of the cleanest manufacturers in the industry.
The contribution of raw materials is shown as Resource Extraction and found to be responsible for 94.16% of all GHG emission. The manufacturing operations and facilities have been assessed to contribute only 3.86%. This positions WINAICO as one of the cleanest manufacturer in the module manufacturing industry. To put it into perspective, the total energy payback period to offset 100% of GHG emission measured is <1.5 years for modules installed in most places across Australia (based on emission factors of grid electricity from 2008). Similarly, energy payback period is approximately 1-3 years across other major solar markets of the world (based on emission factor data from 2011).


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Ahmed, Shaghil and Ara, Iffat and Hyder, Kalim (2005): How External Shocks and Exchange Rate Depreciations Affect Pakistan? Implications for Choice of an Exchange Rate Regime. Published in: SBP-Research Bulletin , Vol. 2, No. 1 (2006): pp. 61-88.
Aslam, Faheem and Aziz, Saqib and Nguyen, Duc Khuong and Mughal, Khurram S. and Khan, Maaz (2020): On the Efficiency of Foreign Exchange Markets in times of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Choudhary, M. Ali and Hanif, M. Nadim and Khan, Sajawal and Rehman, Muhammad (2010): Procyclical Monetary Policy and Governance.
Gulzar, Ahmed and Junaid, Novaira and Haider, Adnan (2010): What is Hidden, in the Hidden Economy of Pakistan? Size, Causes, Issues and Implications.
Haider, Adnan and Butt, M. Sabihuddin (2006): The Direction of Causality between Health Spending and GDP: The Case of Pakistan. Published in: Pakistan Economic and Social Review , Vol. 45, No. 1 (5 March 2007): pp. 125-140.
Haider, Adnan and Hanif, Muhammad Nadeem (2007): Inflation Forecasting in Pakistan using Artificial Neural Networks.
Hanif, M Nadim and Hyder, Zulfiqar and Lodhi, M Amin Khan and Khan, Mahmood ul Hassan and Batool, Irem (2008): A small-size macroeconometric model for Pakistan economy.
Hanif, M. Nadim and Khan, Mahmood ul Hassan (2012): Pass-Through of SBP Policy Rate to Market Interest Rates: An Empirical Investigation. Forthcoming in: Journal of Independent Studies and Research , Vol. 10, No. 1 (July 2012)
Hanif, M. Nadim and Malik, Muhammad Jahanzeb and Iqbal, Javed (2012): Intrinsic Inflation Persistence in a Developing Country.
Hanif, M. Nadim and Sheikh, Salman (2009): Central banking and monetary management in islamic financial environment. Forthcoming in: Journal of Independent Studies and Research , Vol. 8, No. 2 (July 2010)
Hanif, M.N. and Husain, F. and Jafri, S. (2008): Financial Sector Reforms and International Trade Competitiveness: A Case Study of Pakistan. Published in: Finance Research , Vol. 1, No. 1 (31 January 2012): pp. 27-34.
Hanif, Muhamad Nadim and Malik, Muhamad Jahanzeb and Iqbal, Javed (2012): Intrinsic Inflation Persistence in a Developing Country.
Iqbal, Javed and Hanif, Muhammad Nadim (2010): Estimating standard error of inflation in Pakistan: A stochastic approach.
Iqbal, Javed and Mehmood, Sultan (2012): Terrorism & Its Impact On Foreign Flows: Lessons From Pakistan.
Iqbal, Javed and Rehman, Muhammad and Ur-Rehman, Hafeez (2011): Nonlinearity In Inflation, A Case of Pakistan. Published in: Pakistan Economic and Social Review , Vol. 49, No. 1 (21 July 2011): 01-12.
Khan, Safdar Ullah Khan (2005): Macro Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Pakistan. Published in: SBP Research Bulletin , Vol. 2, No. 2 (15 December 2006): pp. 383-401.


Washington : Gov't Print. Off., 1876.
Report on the geology of the eastern portion of the Uinta Mountains and a region of country adjacent thereto.
At head of title: Department of the interior. U.S. Geological and geographical survey of the territories. Second division. J.W. Powell, geologist in charge.
"Invertebrate paleontology of the Plateau province, together with notice of a few species from ... Colorado, by Charles A. White." p. vii, -135.
Add tags for "Report on the geology of the eastern portion of the Uinta Mountains and a region of country adjacent thereto : With atlas". Be the first.
United States -- Uinta Mountains.
schema:about <http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1310170> ; # United States--Uinta Mountains.
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Considered as a marvel for its architectural qualities, the Ruwanwelisaya is a gigantic stupa in Anuradhapura.
The stupa is one of the top recommendations of many travel guides such as The Vacation Gateway.
The Ruwanwelisaya stands at an impressive 338 feet with a circumference of 951 feet. This amazing height makes the Ruwanwelisaya one of the world's tallest monuments.
Located in the city of Dambulla, the Golden Temple is the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in the country.
The caves were once the refuge of the great Sri Lankan king Valagamba, who hid here during the time he was planning retaliation against foreign invaders.
After gaining control of the country back, King Valagamba, in an act of gratitude to monks who helped him during his troubled times, built the Golden Temple and monastery.
The cave complex contains a total of 80 caves, but only 5 contain the major attractions that range from stunning murals and statues. These are of the Gautama Buddha, god and goddesses and kings, and queens.
Here is a temple that easy to visit as it is located in Colombo, the commercial capital where the Bandaranaike International Airport is situated in.
The Gangaramaya Temple is one of the most important in Colombo because of its eclectic architecture that has Sri Lankan as well as Chinese, Indian and Thai influence. The temple is made up of several buildings that are located by the serene Beira Lake.
Within the temple premises, there are quite a few interesting components that you can visit such as the Vihara (temple), the Vihara Mandiraya, the Cetiya (Pagoda) the Bodhi tree, the Seema Malakaya (assembly hall for monks) and the Relic Chamber.
Every year in the month of February, the temple hosts the Navam Maha Perahera which is an extravagant display of Sri Lanka's culture.
The only major Buddhist pilgrimage site in the North of the country, the Nagadeepa Purana Viharaya is said to be one of three sites that the Gautama Buddha visited in Sri Lanka.
The Buddha is said to have visited Nagadipa settle a dispute between two Naga kings who were at war because of a gem-studded throne which was later dedicated to the temple.
Though this magnificent throne has disappeared you can still see a beautiful silver-painted dagoba at the Nagadipa Temple.


In its quest to stay in the streaming music race, Rhapsody is going virtual. The service said Thursday that it has debuted a virtual reality app, Rhapsody VR, which allows users to watch exclusive live concerts shot right on the stages with performers. The app is available on iOS and Google Play. So far, the app has only a small collection of videos, many sourced from 360-degree footage the company gathered during its SXSW showcase in Austin, Texas, in March.
They include Talib Kweli performing his hit "Get By," the hip-hop trio Flatbush Zombies performing "Bath Salt" and "Bounce," as well as number of videos of artists including Eli "Paperboy" Reed, Shannon and the Clams, and the Blind Shake. Rhapsody said exclusive new batches of videos will be added every month.


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maruti suzuki swift sale
RS Kalsi
3rd generation swift
Maruti Suzuki Swift reaches 2 million sales mark
The third generation Swift model, launched in the Auto Expo 2018, has clocked the one lakh sales bookings in less than ten weeks.ETAuto | November 27, 2018, 11:36 IST
New Delhi: Maruti Suzuki India announced on Tuesday that its popular hatchback model Swift has registered two million sales mark in India since its launch in May 2005.
The third generation Swift model, launched in the Auto Expo 2018, has clocked the one lakh sales bookings in less than ten weeks, the company said in a release.
Commenting on the success, Senior Executive Director (M&S) at Maruti Suzuki India said, "Swift achieving two million sales milestone is a proud moment for all of us at Maruti Suzuki India.
"With increased output aimed at reducing waiting period, I would like to reinforce our commitment towards Maruti Suzuki customers."
Designed on 5th generation HEARTECT platform, the company has increased production of Swift by 45 per cent to 1.39 lakh units during April-Oct 2018-19, as against previous year. The company claims that this platform improves rigidity and helps to improve the power to weight ratio, leading to better acceleration performance.
Tags : Passenger Vehicle, Cars, Maruti Suzuki Swift, maruti suzuki swift sale, RS Kalsi, Maruti Suzuki, 3rd generation swift


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A HIDDEN TREASURE JUST WAITING FOR YOU TO DISCOVER!
The entire property "Merilba" is a delight to the senses. The views are spectacular, the gardens filled with the heady scent of roses and the stunning Cellar Door nestled in a perfect place to enjoy it all!
Merilba Estate Wines is a vertically integrated family run business, we grow the grapes, we make the wines and bottle them and we sell them to all those who have discovered the quality craftsmanship of our enterprise – and to all those who wish to discover them.
Merilba Estate is situated at Kingstown 30km west of the quaint township of Uralla in the New England region of NSW Australia. Here premium quality wine is crafted from our cool climate vineyard, producing fine wines including Semillon Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Gewurtztraminer. Close to the major towns and cities of Inverell, Armidale and Tamworth, a trip to Merilba is a worthwhile discovery and a wonderful experience to share with family and friends.