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Q: Applying git stash - newly added files not included? If you have a number of files that are newly added to a repository, but not committed, and you then execute git stash, git pull and git stash apply stash@{0}, what reasons exist for the newly added files to not be included in the apply?
This happened to me yesterday when a coworker modified the htaccess and htpasswd files and created a backup on a staging environment.  These backup files were not added to the repository and caused a fatal error and abort of a git pull.  So I added the files via git add <filename>, and then executed a stash, pull and apply, only to find the new htaccess and htpasswd files were not included in the apply.
However, git stash show -p stash@{0} | grep "diff" showed that the filenames were in the stash and I was able to see the contents by omitting the grep pipe.  This solution was resolved via git checkout stash@{0} -- <filename>, but the question remains as to why a stash apply did not include these files.

A: The fact is that untracked files are not taken into account when making some git commands. This is safer because ignoring them is the safest choice that we can make by default (an automatic add would be really not something you want, believe me).
So, if you want to include the newly added files into your stash, just git add them and track them.
EDIT
Sorry, I got confused between newly added files and tracked new files.
According to the manpage of git stash:

If the --keep-index option is used, all changes already added to the index are left intact.
If the --include-untracked option is used, all untracked files are also stashed and then cleaned up with git clean, leaving the working directory in a very clean state. If the --all option is used instead then the ignored files are stashed and cleaned in addition to the untracked files.
With --patch, you can interactively select hunks from the diff between HEAD and the working tree to be stashed. The stash entry is constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you selected interactively. The selected changes are then rolled back from your worktree. See the "Interactive Mode" section of git-add(1) to learn how to operate the --patch mode.
The --patch option implies --keep-index. You can use --no-keep-index to override this.

Then, later on, you are given an example:

Testing partial commits
You can use git stash save --keep-index when you want to make two or more commits out of the changes in the work tree, and you want to test each change before committing:
   # ... hack hack hack ...
   $ git add --patch foo            # add just first part to the index
   $ git stash save --keep-index    # save all other changes to the stash
   $ edit/build/test first part
   $ git commit -m 'First part'     # commit fully tested change
   $ git stash pop                  # prepare to work on all other changes
   # ... repeat above five steps until one commit remains ...
   $ edit/build/test remaining parts
   $ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts'

So, in order to include all the changes you have inside the current branch to be present in the stash, you should either use the --keep-index option, or select carefully what file you want to include by marking them with --patch option when adding it.

A: The stash stores the index and work-tree states separately (as a two-or-three-commit "stash-bag" hanging off the commit to which HEAD points at the time you make the commit).
The git stash show command compares the HEAD commit (stash^) to the work-tree commit (stash), ignoring the index commit (stash^2) and any untracked/ignored/all-files commit if present (stash^3).
If your git stash show shows them, they must be in the work-tree commit.  They should therefore be restored, in general, or the merge might fail if the files now exist.  See this answer for a list of the steps that git stash apply takes.
I cannot reproduce your particular issue but it may matter which flags you used when creating the stash (-a or -u) and/or the apply (--index or not), and any git rerere resolutions you might have.  You could also use git ls-tree and git show to examine files still in the up-to-three special stash commits (stash, stash^2, and stash^3 in this case, since it's all stash@{0}), and compare them to your current work-tree (especially the one right before the apply, if you can reconstruct it).


I received an Advanced Readers Copy of this book through LibraryThing's Early Reviewer program in exchange for an honest review.
The slow progress of Darwinian evolutionary theory seems to be lacking evidence in the fossil record, but a paradigm shift maybe in the offering as epigenetics might explain why evolution happens so fast that potential fossil specimens can't be put in the strata. Lamarck's Revenge: How Epigenetics in Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Evolution's Past and Present by Peter Ward attempts to show that epigenetics should be incorporated into the understanding of current evolutionary paradigm thanks to new evidence thanks to various disciplines.
Ward puts forth that Jean-Baptiste Lamarck first described what is now being call "epigenetics" in his explanation of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, but do to unfriendly colleagues and later Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection Lamarck became a scientific laughingstock for over a century and a half. However, Ward states that as DNA became to be understood and brought into consideration in its role in evolution the ideas of Lamarck began to return to study and now needs to be incorporated into the paradigm of the theory of evolution. Ward then goes through the history of life, especially focusing on the sudden expansion of life and body forms after the great mass extinctions, as well as the history of humanity from the Ice Age through today and our possible future.
Unfortunately instead of a straightforward emphasis on Lamarck's ideas, epigenetics, and how it can be seen in how evolution has progressed for a general audience, Ward decided to hero-worship Lamarck so much and attacking several scientists but particularly Darwin that the first quarter-to-third of the book was slow grind until he finally focused on epigenetics and discussing evolution through that prism. However because of the amount of pages spent deifying Lamarck—Ward literally, though admittedly with sarcasm said Christians should worship Lamarck not God—and demonizing Darwin that Ward had to rush all over the place in explanations about how life evolved and developed while implying assertions without backing them up.
Lamarck's Revenge while giving this reader a better knowledge about how the history of the world is seen through evolutionary theory, is nothing more than a book by an agenda driven author akin to current political pundits and lowest-class of pop historians. If fact because of Ward's bias, I don't even know if my new knowledge is actually accurate but in any case my new limited understanding of epigenetics would have been better served if he had decided to focus on that instead of wasting page space on the deification and demonizing of long-dead scientists. As a general reader I don't recommend this to others.
Besides that Ward is probably one of those "aggressive" atheists because besides deifying Lamarck and demonizing Darwin, he couldn't stop going after Christians.
I decided not to note the anti-Christian bias and just focus on his attacks on scientists.


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Voters want secure, affordable health care. A divided government can deliver | Guestview
The midterms were a call to action on health care. Democrats and Republicans have deep disagreements, but progress is possible and they should try.
Voters want secure, affordable health care. A divided government can deliver | Guestview The midterms were a call to action on health care. Democrats and Republicans have deep disagreements, but progress is possible and they should try. Check out this story on pnj.com: https://www.pnj.com/story/news/2019/01/13/democrats-republicans-improve-health-care-opioids-mental-health-column/2530634002/
Andy Slavitt, Guest columnist Published 1:00 p.m. CT Jan. 13, 2019
Andy Slavitt, former acting administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and current chair of the advocacy group United States of Care. (Photo: Courtesy photo)
In early 2017, I offered advice to incoming Trump administration officials on how they ought to handle health care based on lessons from the Obama administration. I suggested proceeding incrementally and continuing to expand access to care and preexisting condition protections. They didn't listen. Instead, Donald Trump consumed much of his first year as president on an ill-conceived adventure to repeal the Affordable Care Act without a plan for anything better.
At the risk of being ignored a second time, I offer members of the new Congress advice as they begin their terms.
First, listen hard to the message voters sent in the midterms. Americans want more health security and more affordable coverage, and they don't want insurance companies to discriminate against them if they have a preexisting medical condition.
For many in Congress, health care was the number one issue in their district and how they got elected. It's not surprising that House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's first speech after taking the gavel included comments about health care and protecting Americans with preexisting conditions.
Trump has introduced into the market plans that allow insurance companies to exclude people with preexisting conditions or charge them more. Democrats will need to quickly introduce bills that reinforce the ACA's original protections and prevent the Trump administration from weakening it further.
Patients at a free dental clinic, Modesto, Calif., Oct. 27, 2018. (Photo: Mario Tama, Getty Images)
Republicans have a different choice to make. They can use the results of the election as an opportunity to officially cede the ground they have already really lost: that preexisting condition protections and the ACA are here to stay. By supporting ACA improvements, they will help expand the number of insured and also lessen the Democrats' political advantage on health care going into 2020.
For this to happen, Republican senators likely to face tough 2020 reelection races, such as Colorado's Cory Gardner and Maine's Susan Collins, will need to persuade Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to bring up some of the House-passed bills for a vote.
In the short term, Republicans will be forced to defend why they continue to support a lawsuit against the ACA that is backed by Republican states and the Trump administration. It is currently on appeal after a Texas judge struck down the entire law, including its preexisting condition protections. House Democrats plan to intervene in the case and that's the right thing to do. But they should not allow Republicans to use the lawsuit, widely considered to be frivolous, as a bargaining chip to weaken health care protections.
Second, while major legislation is unlikely to pass under divided government, it is an ideal time for Democrats to start publicly vetting big, new universal coverage ideas like Medicare for All and other plans. During the Obama years, Republicans failed to advance new ideas and weren't ready when it came time to govern. The Democrats shouldn't make the same mistake.
Explore Democratic health ideas in public
Democrats have at least eight substantive proposals for achieving universal coverage, and they have a lot more similarities than differences. Now is the perfect time to expose them to the public, debate the merits, and engage experts to improve on these proposals or introduce new ones.
Republicans also made a mistake conducting all their ACA repeal conversations behind closed doors with lobbyists, without public hearings or input from experts. Now that they are in charge of the House, Democrats should demonstrate transparent government by inviting experts and ordinary Americans to testify on challenging health care topics. Health care is complex and Americans are not only affected personally by these issues, they are the better for being highly informed.
Third, it's time for everyone in Congress to be forced to declare where they stand on aggressively dealing with unaffordable drug prices. Americans pay significantly more for prescription drugs than people in other countries and a shocking reality is that today, many can't afford their prescription medications.
To date, "friends" of the pharmaceutical industry in Congress, often recipients of significant campaign contributions, have kept the status quo from being challenged. But with Democrats in control of the House and drug costs registering as a top issue with the public, now is the time to vote on allowing Medicare to negotiate prescription drug prices.
Work together on opioids and mental health
With top industry supporters like Sen. Orrin Hatch now retired and the Trump administration's populist rhetoric, the dynamic for Republicans has changed. McConnell will be forced to decide whether the campaign support from pharma for 2020 is worth the political liability of continuing to block action.
Finally, even as they grapple with major gulfs on health care, Democrats and Republicans should pick out a few areas of agreement to work on together, shielded from partisan politics. Improving the mental health system and continued efforts to address the ongoing opioid addiction crisis are challenges all sides care about and a good place to start. Americans want to see legislation passed by both parties so it can stand the test of time. Demonstrating progress in a few vital areas not only delivers on what they expect, but builds trust needed for bigger efforts.
Significant change of the kind Americans are looking for is unlikely to happen until we get to the next presidential term, but they still want action. Health care continues to be their top issue and if people don't see Congress willing to make it better and more affordable, they have shown they are happy to elect members who will.
Andy Slavitt, a member of USA TODAY's Board of Contributors, is a former health care industry executive who ran the Affordable Care Act and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services from 2015 to 2017. Follow him on Twitter: @ASlavitt
Read or Share this story: https://www.pnj.com/story/news/2019/01/13/democrats-republicans-improve-health-care-opioids-mental-health-column/2530634002/
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Q: What's the nicest way to wait for a promise initiated on a directive to resolve? This is a simple form that contains one input field with a directive. If the input is valid, the directive will call a remote server. The response will populate the form model with some extra data.
How do I wait for the promise to resolve when the form is submitted?
Here's some sample code in case it helps:
app.directive('getSecretStuff', function($q, $http) {

    function get_some_secret_stuff( value ) {

        var deferred = $q.defer();

        $http.get(url)
        .success(function (response) {
            deferred.resolve(response.secret_stuff);
        });

        return deferred.promise;

    };

    return {
        restrict: 'A',
        require: '^form',
        scope: {
            secret_stuff: '=stuff',
        },
        link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl) {
            scope.$watch(
                function() { return ctrl[ element.attr('name') ].$valid; },
                function (validity) {
                    if (validity) {
                        get_some_secret_stuff( element.val() ).then(function( stuff ) {
                            scope.secret_stuff = stuff;
                        });
                    }
                }
            );

        },
    };
});

A: (Mis)using Async Validators to Disable Form Submit till a Promise Resolves
You can (mis)use an async validator to do this. Set the form model with extra in the async validator promise and then use the form's $pending to disable the form's submit button till the promise resolves (if it needs to)
HTML

        <form name="form" novalidate ng-submit="!form.$pending && submit()">

            <input ng-model="publicStuff" name="publicStuff" get-secret-stuff stuff="secretStuff" ng-pattern="/^[0-9]+$/" />
            <input ng-model="secretStuff" />
            <button type="submit">Go</button>
        </form>

Script
angular.module('myApp', [])
    .controller('ctrlr', function ($scope) {
    })
    .directive('getSecretStuff', function ($q, $timeout) {
        function get_some_secret_stuff(value) {
            var deferred = $q.defer();
            // for illustration, we use the $timeout instead of $http
            // swap this out with the actual $http call in your code
            $timeout(function () {
                deferred.resolve('secret value for ' + value);
            }, 2000)
            return deferred.promise;
        };

        // a promise that resolves immediately
        function get_dummy_promise() {
            var deferred = $q.defer();
            console.log('asd')
            deferred.resolve('1');
            return deferred.promise;
        };

        return {
            restrict: 'A',
            require: ['^form', 'ngModel'],
            scope: {
                secret_stuff: '=stuff',
            },
            link: function (scope, element, attrs, ctrlrs) {
                // we misuse the async validator to...
                ctrlrs[1].$asyncValidators.secretStuff = function (modelValue, viewValue) {
                    if (viewValue)
                        return get_some_secret_stuff(viewValue).then(function (response) {
                            // ...do work other than validation
                            scope.secret_stuff = response;
                            return true;
                        });
                    else
                        // this is just for the first run when the validator gets called even if $valid is not set
                        return get_dummy_promise().then(function (response) {
                            scope.secret_stuff = undefined;
                            return true;
                        });
                };

                // we probably want to clear out the secret stuff for invalid values
                scope.$watch(
                    function () { return ctrlrs[0][element.attr('name')].$valid; },
                    function (validity) {
                        if (!validity) {
                            scope.secret_stuff = undefined;
                        }
                    }
                );
            },
        };
    });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Learn how to make new sides for the holidays with Chef Alba at Whole Foods Annapolis on Friday. Impress your friends and family with a savory pecorino cheese and fruit tart; a green beans, basil and potato puree; portabello and prosciutto al gratin; and butternut squash al gorgonzola. The class is $45 per person. Register at wholefoodsmarket.com/events?store=1994891.
Missing your mistletoe? Take your decorations back to Colonial times and make a colossal kissing ball at Friends of the Rising Sun Inn's fourth annual holiday fundraiser. Saturday from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m., you can make a kissing ball from boxwood stems and other greenery. All materials and instructions are provided. Participants just need to bring a bag to collect boxwood trimmings.
Each kissing ball is $25 for members and $32 for nonmembers. Register online, or avoid online service fees by emailing events1753@gmail.com. For more information, visit risingsuninn.org. The inn is at 1090 Generals Highway in Crownsville.
Get a private concert from Nashville country recording artist Chad Bearden and contribute to a good cause at Sunday's second annual Strike Out Cancer event. Help fight colorectal cancer with bowling at Severna Park Lanes, and catch performances by Bearden and his band, as well as an acoustic performance from Baltimore's Case & Barley.
Tickets range from $35 to $75. The bowling alley is located at 840 Ritchie Highway. For more information, visit fightcolorectalcancer.org/events.
Monday is always Woodworking Night at Annapolis Makerspace. Join woodworking members for a night of ripping, drilling and gluing with one of the most versatile natural materials on the planet, from 7 to 9:30 p.m. The shop is at 2014 Renard Court, Unit C. For more information, call 443-433-8737 or email jack@makeannapolis.org.
Learn how to make two pies you can serve at Thanksgiving while enjoying beer, wine and snacks at Light House Bistro on Tuesday. Registration is $95 per person including chef's instruction, beer, wine, snacks and the pies. Attendees need to bring two of their own pie plates. The class starts at 5:30 p.m. at the restaurant at 202 West St. in Annapolis. To sign up, email beth@lighthousebistro.org.
Take a Jane Austen Tour at noon Wednesday at the Hammond-Harwood House. Compare the customs and social graces of the Loockerman family, who lived in the house in the early 19th century, with those of characters in Jane Austen novels. The tour is $10 per person and free for members. For reservations, call 410-263-4683, ext. 10, or email info@hammondharwoodhouse.org.
Wednesday is Plant Nite at Chesapeake Brewing Co. Get your hands dirty to create succulents in a slope bowl with a fall pumpkin. The host will guide you step-by-step through the project from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. All planting supplies are provided. The event is 21+ only.
Use code Happy40 for 40 percent off tickets ($55) at plantnite.com. The bar is at 114 West St. in Annapolis.
There are a few turkey trots in town on Thursday to get you ready for the big meal.
Fleet Feet Sports hosts a 5K through downtown Annapolis, starting and finishing at the store on 318 6th St.
I'm another week closer to cooking my first Thanksgiving meal, and I'm starting to feel a little more comfortable.
The Camp Letts Turkey Chase is at 9 a.m. at Camp Letts, 4003 Camp Letts Road in Edgewater. Proceeds from the $35 5K and $40 10K will assist underprivileged children through the Caring for Community program.
The First United Methodist Church in Laurel hosts a $30 5K and 1-mile fun walk at 8 a.m. at McCullough Field in Laurel to benefit Laurel Advocacy & Referral Services. For information: www.laureladvocacy.org/turkey-trot.html.
The Bay Ridge Pool Association's trot begins at 9 a.m. at 2 Herndon Ave. in Annapolis. For information: bay-ridge.org/event/turkey-trot-pool-2.
Tired of having Thanksgiving at home? Forget about cooking and dishwashing and head to Annapolis for dinner.
Fado Irish Pub and Restaurant (1 Park Place, Suite 7) hosts their usual open-mic night from 8 p.m. to midnight. For information: fadoirishpub.com/annapolis.
Ruth's Chris (301 Severn Ave.) will open at noon and have a three-course special menu, featuring roast turkey breast with homemade gravy, Ruth's sausage and herb stuffing and cranberry relish, for $39.95, along with a kids' menu for $14.95. For information: 410-990-0033.
Rams Head Roadhouse (1773 Generals Highway) will also have turkey, along with green bean casserole, stuffing, candied yams with pecans, Yukon gold mashed potatoes and gravy, and macaroni and cheese. For information: 410-849-8058.
Archbishop Spalding does not host a turkey trot this year.


text:
Q: Finding $n$ permutations $r$ with repetitions I have given $n$ items and I have to find ${}^nP_r$ and $\sum_{r=0}^n{}^nP_r$ with repetitions allowed. Is there any closed formula for this?
For $n=3$ and $r=1$, possible permutations are:
$\{1\},\{2\},\{3\}$
Total: 3
For $n=3$ and $r=2$, possible permutations are:
$\{1,1\},\{2,2\},\{3,3\},\{1,2\},\{2,1\},\{1,3\},\{3,1\},\{2,3\},\{3,2\}$
Total: 9
For $n=3$ and $r=3$, possible permutations are:
$\{1,1,1\},\{2,2,2\},\{3,3,3\},$
$\{1,1,2\},\{1,2,1\},\{2,1,1\},$
$\{1,2,2\},\{2,1,2\},\{2,2,1\},$
$\{1,1,3\},\{1,3,1\},\{3,1,1\},$
$\{1,3,3\},\{3,1,3\},\{3,3,1\},$
$\{2,2,3\},\{2,3,2\},\{3,2,2\},$
$\{2,3,3\},\{3,2,3\},\{3,3,2\}$,
$\{1,2,3\},\{1,3,2\}$,
$\{2,1,3\},\{2,3,1\}$,
$\{3,1,2\},\{3,2,1\}$,
Total: 27
Can we come up with any closed formula for individual ${}^nP_r$ with repetitions and also for their sum i.e. here $3+9+27=39$
I understand that I cannot call this exactly the permutation, since ${}^3P_3$ is strictly $6$, while above its $27$, since I allow repetitions, but then whatever it is, how do I get the count?
Note that permutations with repetition is usually the well known case corresponding to $\frac{n!}{n_1!n_2!...n_i!}$, which is not what I am asking here. Is what am asking also some well know case, and I am stupidly not able to guess it? My primary guess is that, there cannot be any closed formula. Is it right?

A: If you just want unrestricted strings consisting of $r$ letters, chosen with replacement from $n$, you can just use the multiplication rule to get $n^r$; there's $n$ choices for the first one, $n$ choices for the second, etc.
Extending this, we can use this to find the number of strings with length up to $r$ by summing the intermediate results: $$1+n+n^2+\dots +n^r$$
This is the sum of a geometric series, which means we can apply the formula to get $\frac{n^{r+1}-1}{n-1}$.

A: If you mean "permutations with replacements" then the answer is just $n^r$. But this doesn't match your result for $n=r=3$ which should be $27$? If you actually mean combinations with replacements, then see the below hint.
Hint: you are basically putting $r$ identical balls into $n$ different jars, or equivalently, finding the number of non-negative integer solutions to
$$x_1+\cdots+x_n=r$$
To solve this, first let $y_i:=x_i+1$ (which are bijections) then try finding the number of positive integer solutions to the equation
$$y_1+\cdots+y_n=r+n.$$
Try Stars & Bars technique.

A: Actually, from the examples you give, we are speaking of
the number of words, from alphabet $\{1,\cdots,n\}$, of length $r$ and max repetition $r$,
 i.e. simply the number of words, from alphabet $\{1,\cdots,n\}$, of length $r$
which are $n^r$.

A: Note that in your last paragraph, you say that $\frac{n!}{n_1!n_2! \dots n_i!}$ is the formula for permutations with repetition, but perhaps a better way to word it would be that this is a generalized formula for partitioning a set of $n$ objects into $i$ cells with each "cell" being distinguishable, but elements within their respective cells are not.
This could be where some confusion is coming from, as the term repetition can be interpreted in a few different ways depending on the problem. For example, you can use this formula to find the number of ways to arrange the letters of the word TOOTH (as noted in the link you provided, we have some letters repeating), but this formula is not the one you would use to, say, find the number of 4 letter passwords using the letters A through Z with repetition allowed.
As noted before, permutations with repetition allowed can be represented with $n^r$, which @platty already explained. This is the formula you would use to solve the second example I gave, as well as what you seem to be looking for in your example.


A dynamic mission for ARMA3 that generates small military encounters.
but in a smaler and more infantry focused scope. And have a mission that is easily customize able, at least in my opinion.
Most things you may want to change can be found in the files under config/.
Also the mission is build from scratch and not a derivative of some other mission existing.
I hope that most of the stuff works quite stable, but the mission didn't have very much "stress-testing" or balancing.
You can follow further development via GitHub.
There is always a set of tasks available. If those tasks are finished a cleanup will happen and a new set of tasks will be generated. All sites on which tasks are spawned are currated in the config files!
After completing a set of missions a vehicle will be spawned. If one vehichle gets destoryed it will be respawned instead of spawning the next tiers vehicle. There won't be multiple iterations of the same vehicle. The reward vehicles can be found outside the base in the hangars. Also vehicles can be reapired in a service station in the main base.
The vehicles rewards can be defined in the config.
A player ranks up with every succesfully completed task. With every new rank the player will get acces to more, better gear in the virtual arsenal.
The rewards can be defined in the config.
Time Acceleration: the time is accelerated: 4h IRL = 24h in game. If you want to change this, there is a module placed in the mission.
I use the singleplayer mostly for debugging. There are also some keys preset to help with porting the mission to a new map.
F9: exports the logged positions to a file with arma-config formating.
# A dynamic mission for ARMA3 that generates small military encounters.
might create the impression that your version is an official release.


Get a credential, increase your confidence and become the trainer of choice.
You are passionate about helping people learn, whether it's in a classroom, a workplace or online. You know how satisfying it is when students grasp a new concept, idea or skill. You also know that the most successful instructors and facilitators are the ones who make a commitment to life-long learning, as both an educator and a student.
If you want to improve your knowledge and skills in effective program development, online curriculum development, online course development, facilitation and instructional design, then the courses and programs in Training and Adult Education are for you.
The CACE program consists of four required courses and a minimum of four electives. CACE training can help open doors to positions in a wide variety of public, private and non-profit organizations, with job titles like trainer, instructor, facilitator, learning and development professional or program coordinator. View CACE program page.
Your CACE certification also counts towards the work experience requirement for membership in the Institute for Performance and Learning (formerly the Canadian Society of Training and Development).
Become a certified training and development professional. Gain confidence as an instructor, group facilitator and curriculum developer in adult education. Accredited by The Canadian Institute for Performance and Learning.
This flexible certificate program allows you to customize a course of study to meet your specific learning goals.
The Diploma Program in Intercultural Education prepares students to play a productive and socially responsible role in an increasingly multicultural and diverse world. Students will develop skills to support all aspects of cultural diversity, inclusion and social change in their community, their workplace and around the world.
Instructor Colleen Kawaliak talks about going against the grain and how the adult education model brought her to the career she enjoys today.
Have you ever wanted to design your own credential? Have you ever struggled to find a program that meets your specific interests and needs? Then you might be interested in our newest program: the Certificate in General Studies.


text:
Nice introduction to the works of Alexander Solzhenitsyn
It's hard to overstate the impact Alexander Solzhenitsyn's short novel One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich had on the Soviet totalitarian system. Published in 1962, this book was the first account of Stalin's forced labor camps to be published inside the Soviet Union. Millions of Soviet citizens read it. Solzhenitsyn, who had himself served eight years hard labor for criticizing Stalin, became an overnight sensation. The Soviet government was so rattled by the public's reception that two years later the government banned all works by Solzhenitsyn and proceeded to marginalize and repress him. In 1974 the government stripped him of his Soviet citizenship and deported him to West Germany.
Over the next three decades no one was more effective at exposing the moral rot at the core of Soviet totalitarianism — most powerfully in his masterpiece, The Gulag Archipelago.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich takes the reader through a single day in a labor camp, from reveille to lights out, through the eyes of Ivan Denisovich Shukhov. A stark, powerful portrayal of the desperation of prisoners trying to survive and maintain their dignity in the harsh conditions of a Soviet prison camp.
One brief word about the characters in the book. One of the sympathetic characters in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is a fellow prisoner, Alyosha the Baptist. As the day ends Shukhov and Alyosha are on their bunks having a conversation about prayer. Shukhov tells the Baptist that prayer doesn't work, and won't shorten anyone's sentence. Alyoshka explains that getting out of prison isn't the point: "You mustn't pray for that. What do you want your freedom for? What faith you have left will be choked in thorns. Rejoice that you are in prison. Here you can think of your soul." (p.141.) Shukhov respected Alyosha as someone who read the gospels regularly, and who was generous with other prisoners. Shukhov reflects: "Alyoshka was talking the truth. You could tell by his voice and his eyes he was glad to be in prison."
It seems to me Solzhenitsyn is hinting at the spiritual transformation he experienced during his own imprisonment, which he details in more depth in The Gulag Archipelago. In The Gulag Archipelago Solzhenitsyn describes his gratitude for prison since it gave him an opportunity to nourish his own soul. "I nourished my soul there, and I say without hesitation: Bless you prison, for having been in my life."
This little book — my Bantam Classics version is 144 pages — is a compelling introduction to Solzhenitsyn. Buy it from Amazon here.


Combine wine, water, sugar and spices and bring to a boil. Add apricots, prunes and raisins, cover and bring back to a simmer Remove from heat and cool. Stir in fresh fruit of choice and garnish with mint, yogurt and almonds.


text:
Q: How can electrons travel from the valence band into the conduction band? I'm currently studying Introductory Semiconductor Device Physics by Parker.
In band-theory, we know that if an electron is at the top of an energy band, then there are no allowed states immediately above it, since the forbidden band lies immediately above the top of an allowed band. See the following figure (from the same textbook) for illustration:

Given this, in the above figure, how can electrons travel from the valence band into the conduction band? It seems to me that it would have to somehow traverse the forbidden band, no?
I would greatly appreciate it if people could please take the time to clarify this.

A: The idea that the electron travels on the energy axis is a misconception. Every state in the valence band $\phi_{VB}$ corresponds to a wave function and thus a probability distribution in space. The same is true for the conduction band states $\phi_{CB}$.
You can imagine the excitation of an electron as an change from $\phi_{VB}$ to $\phi_{CB}$. But also here there is an instant change of the wavefunction and thus the probability of finding the electron at a given position in the crystal.
Also note that these semiconductor states are typically crystal states. This means that the idividual states are delocalized over the complete crystal. So the "traveling electron" picture is even more misleading.


The legs of arthropods are one, if not the eponymous key innovation of arthropods - the arthropodium.
In taking on a sheer plethora of functions including locomotion, food handling and ingestion, but also copulation, respiration, and sensation / reception, arthropodia are one of the most versatile, most specialized and hence, likely one of the most widely modified features known.
Among various taxa, these transformations have occured independently many times over, rendering arthropods and their legs in particular excellent models to study and understand pathways of adaptive evolution.
The aim of our project is to investigate the terminal legs of centipedes (Myriapoda), another significant but hitherto largely unregarded example of transformation cascades. The terminal (or ultimate) legs of chilopods are rarely used for locomotion, if at all. In contrast, in many cases the legs are transformed into a sensory appendage, resembling the antennae. Also, some species possess legs that rather might function as claws or pincers.
We explore this particular chilopod character in terms of distribution, morphology, variability, behaviroal adaptations as well as sensillar and glandular organization using a multimodal microscopic and electrophysiological approach. Comparisons with antennae and "real" walking legs will help us to unravel potential constructional or functional morphological constraints in the course of evolutionary transformation from former walking legs in what is now assumed to be a sensory appendage.
Kenning M, Sombke A (2017) Sensing from Both Ends? Transformation of Locomotory into Multifunctional Appendages in Chilopoda (Myriapoda). Tropical Natural History, Supplement 5: 22 (published abstract, 17th International Congress of Myriapodology).
Sandeman D, Kenning M, Harzsch S (2014) Adaptive trends in malacostracan brain form and function related to behaviour. In: Derby C and Thiel M (Eds.) Crustacean Nervous System and their Control of Behaviour. The Natural History of the Crustacea. Vol. 3, Oxford University Press.
Loesel R, Wolf H, Kenning M, Harzsch S, Sombke A (2013) Architectural principles and evolution of the arthropod central nervous system. In: Minelli A (Eds.) Arthropod Biology and Evolution – Molecules, Development, Morphology, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg.
 Schendel V, Kenning M, Sombke A (in rev.) A comparative analysis of the ventral nerve cord of Lithobius forficatus (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha): morphology, neuroanatomy, and individually identifiable neurons. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny.
 Kenning M (2017) Evolution des olfaktorischen Systems der Isopoda: Einblicke aus Neuroanatomie und Ethologie von Saduria entomon (Valvifera) Linnaeus, 1758. Inaugural-Dissertation Universität Greifswald. 148 p.
 Sandeman D, Kenning M, Harzsch S (2014) Adaptive trends in malacostracan brain form and function related to behavior. In: Derby C and Thiel M (Eds.) Crustacean Nervous System and their Control of Behavior. The Natural History of the Crustacea. Vol. 3. pp. 11–48. Oxford University Press.


text:
NT Common Council passes solar moratorium
Fri, Jun 25th 2021 11:20 am
Botanical Gardens to apply for grant funds for parking lot repair
By Michael DePietro
Tribune Editor
Following a public hearing last week, the North Tonawanda Common Council unanimously passed a six-month moratorium on applications, approvals and/or construction or installation on solar energy systems/and or solar farms in the city. Officials said the period will give the council the time and ability "to complete all reasonable and necessary review, study analysis and, if warranted, revision to the City of North Tonawanda Zoning Code as may be necessary to promote and preserve the health, safety and welfare of the City of North Tonawanda and its citizens."
The approval was made during a special session during the council's biweekly workshop session.
The move comes as the Town of Wheatfield explores installing a ground-mounted solar facility at the disused Witmer Road dump site. Since it borders North Tonawanda, which currently has no solar law on its books, guidelines related to property value and assessment would be deferred to New York state's rules and regulations. Council President Robert Pecoraro said the town would rather avoid that.
"As a municipality, (we) need to protect ourselves from the overreach of the governor and New York state, by dictating to us what it is we do, how we do it and when we do it. That's why we did the law, so that we rule our own destiny when it comes to solar energy systems and or solar farms," he said.
A late communication item was also introduced and approved during the special session from the Parks and Recreation Department allowing the North Tonawanda Botanical Garden to seek a $100,000 NYS DEC EJ grant for its parking lot remediation project.
The Botanical Garden's Dave Conti explained plans are part of a larger green infrastructure project for the garden. He said, in March, plans were originally to do the project in one go, which would have included parking lot repairs, a newly installed boat launch, and remediations to deal with runoff going into the canal. However, that one-shot, holistic plan was scrapped for being too ambitious and too expensive. It was decided to handle the parking lot as phase one, but that was scrapped when initial project estimates came in totaling over $1.6 million.
Since then, Conti said the department has scaled the parking lot repairs further to a more manageable starting point and recently applied for $200,000 in funding from the Tonawanda Coke Environmental Benefit Fund, which would be used for the north end of the parking lot near the greenhouse. He explained the department had initially applied for a GIGP (stormwater infrastructure) grant but withdrew, as it wasn't "fiscally or financially ready" at that time.
Conti said a major goal of the project is to see its completion without using any city funds.
"The DEC allows us to hold concurrent grants," Conti explained. "This is good for all of us involved because there's no matching funds involved with this. … We crunched some numbers and we looked at the middle section of the parking lot and we realized that the grant max of $100,000 for this particular grant, it will probably cover that center loop. And when I say center loop, I'm talking about from the entrance driveways right straight down to the boat launch.
"So, with all that said, I would like to keep this rolling, realizing back when we pulled the plug on the GIGP grant we knew we had a number of about $1.6 million to do that entire parking lot. And we also knew that the very best we were going to do was get 90% of that covered, which would mean $160,000 match.
"So, we're trying to accomplish this whole thing in smaller bites with zero funds."
Tribune Tribune HP Feature List


text:
Kawakami: Oops! Kaepernick asks for trade hours…
Kawakami: Oops! Kaepernick asks for trade hours after Baalke's vote of confidence
By San Jose Mercury News |
PUBLISHED: February 26, 2016 at 7:58 am | UPDATED: April 20, 2018 at 9:54 am
The 49ers absolutely don't know how to handle absolutely any of this, which is probably one reason among 1 billion why Colin Kaepernick absolutely wants out of there.
If there is a wrong turn or false move to make, if there is a public-relations tumble to take, somebody in a 49ers leadership position will do it.
It's like they're compelled to commit public idiocy on a regular basis.
Let's assume that Kaepernick has had enough of this, and let's assume that the proof is the NFL Network's Thursday report that his agents have sought permission to seek a trade.
And let's assume that the timing of the report was not incidental.
It came just a few hours after coach Chip Kelly told local reporters that Kaepernick wants to stay on the team and a day after general manager Trent Baalke said Kaepernick "absolutely" will be on the team past the April 1 deadline to guarantee his $11.9 million salary for 2016.
Well, I think the most natural 49ers follow-up to all this would be: Oops, never mind for now.
Of course, the 49ers do not have to grant the permission or agree to trade Kaepernick to a preferred destination even if they allow talks.
But this isn't exactly a positive sign for Kaepernick's continued presence on the 49ers roster, I think we can conclude that.
Look, if you've been following this situation from both sides, not just swallowing the 49ers' PR line whole, you had to know there were storms ahead.
You had to know that Kaepernick logically felt betrayed by all the petty leaks from 49ers management last season and understandably had decided never to adjust his contract for the 49ers, after he gave up large bonus money so that the 49ers (he thought) could spend it to re-sign some of his teammates.
The 49ers never actually spent that money; they kept it, fired Jim Harbaugh, Kaepernick's biggest fan, and then spent much of the 2015 season blaming their downfall on their QB.
So the offseason is here and now Kaepernick reportedly wants out. This does not seem illogical, unless you're Jed York or Trent Baalke, I guess.
I would assume Kaepernick's agents want to find a team of his choice that will trade for him and then redo his deal, perhaps give him the same amount of money spread over several years.
The teams I would circle: Denver, the New York Jets, Houston and Cleveland.
If they can't find a trade, then Kaepernick probably would be just as happy getting released and becoming an unrestricted free agent.
Would any team give up, say, a mid-round pick for a QB who was benched for Blaine Gabbert last season and underwent multiple surgeries recently?
I think so, because Kaepernick would presumably agree to a new deal as part of a trade agreement and the surgeries were relatively minor.
And also: How many available 28-year-old QBs out there have three career road playoff victories and also used to scare the heck out of Seattle?
Yes, teams will line up to talk to him, and Kaepernick's agents know this.
So, even if the 49ers didn't know this report was coming (I think they should've) Baalke's stance on Tuesday was just foolish.
Baalke never once actually said the 49ers planned to pay Kaepernick the $11.9 million for the 2016 season, so I always assumed Baalke meant that the 49ers would like to have Kaepernick around, probably at a lesser salary.
But there is no way that Kaepernick would agree to that — unless Kaepernick somehow became utterly committed to Kelly, and there is no sign of it.
Meanwhile, Kelly's comments on Thursday were slightly more thoughtful but still pretty clunky for somebody who couldn't possibly know where this might be headed.
More: Oops.
For Kaepernick, I believe the worst-case scenario is for the 49ers to keep him at $11.9 million (which is not so bad!).
Overall, his agents want him to get a new start with an organization that hasn't spent months denigrating him to national media members.
So, going semipublic with a trade request makes it harder for the 49ers to stomach carrying him at $11.9 million into this season.
They could still decide to do that, of course. But, as I keep saying, it never has been the likeliest option.
Kaepernick doing whatever he could to get out? That was the likeliest, and it looks like it just started.
The 49ers lie to themselves. Everything else spins from that, and this week it all just blew up in their faces, one more time.
Read Tim Kawakami's Talking Points blog at blogs.mercurynews.com/kawakami. Contact him at tkawakami@mercurynews.com or 408-920-5442. Follow him at Twitter.com/timkawakami.
Pleasant Valley's Colin Barber, Las Plumas' Kylee Potes, Chico's Macy Spearman earn All-State honors | Sidelines


text:
NGC 731 (NGC 757) é uma galáxia elíptica (E) localizada na direcção da constelação de Cetus. Possui uma declinação de -09° 00' 41" e uma ascensão recta de 1 horas, 54 minutos e 55,9 segundos.

A galáxia NGC 731 foi descoberta em 10 de Janeiro de 1785 por William Herschel.

Ver também
Astronomia extragaláctica
Lista de galáxias
Lista de objectos NGC
New General Catalogue

Ligações externas

NGC 0731
Constelação de Cetus
Galáxias elípticas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Russell Howard Brings Limitless Energy to Recalibrate
By Graham Techler | December 31, 2017 | 3:35pm
Photo courtesy of Netflix Comedy Reviews Russell Howard
When Russell Howard is brought into the enormous theater that is home to Recalibrate, his new Netflix special, he is given an introduction and a reception befitting a pro wrestler, not a comedian. You'd think the onus would be on him to match the audience and the theater, but as anyone familiar with Howard will know, it is on them to match him. He is a bottomless well of energy, moving from accent to accent to bug-eyed reaction like a Muppet on speed. And while both his jockish image and level of attack can recall, say, Dane Cook at times, his gospel is only ever one of kindness and compassion. He is immensely preoccupied, especially during this divisive time for Britain, with what the everyman on the street actually cares about—"she's alright, what's for tea, I'd like to be a Jedi!"—rather than the Tory fear-mongering he's so sick of.
But he knows better than to really position himself as a man of the people, and some of the best segments in Recalibrate revolve around how his bafflement and embarrassment at being famous can bite him in the ass—i.e. when he thinks people are taking photos of him in public when they're just playing Pokémon Go. He also liberally flexes an increasingly unique skill: Howard can pick up funny tidbits from family, friends and strangers but contextualize them for us so we don't feel the way we should feel—left out of jokes we weren't there to experience. He's also a master of a certain kind of caricature that endears you to his creations more often than not, as with the guy watching porn on the train for the stories ("Aw, I knew they was gonna get together!").
This approach has its drawbacks. "The blowjob: what a thing!" kind of summarizes how Howard gets into a topic, and the special's only truly cringeworthy moments come during iffy bits about his trip to Africa for Comic Relief (the charity not the device) and ISIS (whom he has a kid call "goat fuckers") that contain some impressions we could definitely do without. In general Howard leans a little heavy on the modesty, a little heavy on the righteousness and a little heavy on that lethally effective drama school delivery (he studied economics at UWE Bristol but you get what I mean). Still, that's kind of the charm of Russell Howard: he packs about a hundred laugh lines into every minute of the hour-plus Recalibrate. Sometimes you wish the special would slow down and take a second, but at the same time you can't help but grin at the absurd degree to which this audience is getting their money's worth.
Graham Techler is a New York-based writer and actor. Follow him at @grahamtechler.
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The UN has called the war in Yemen the world's worst humanitarian crisis. Karl-Otto Zentel, general secretary of humanitarian agency CARE Germany-Luxemburg, describes the human suffering in this overlooked conflict.
DW: The UN says over 20 million Yemenis out of a population 28 million are in need of help. Seven million — one quarter of the entire population — suffers from extreme hunger. Millions have fallen ill with diphtheria or cholera. Earlier this year, you traveled to Yemen yourself. Tell us what you experienced.
Karl-Otto Zentel: The country bears the marks of three years of civil war. The private sector has collapsed, as has the state [sector]. Public servants haven't been paid in months. Families have used up their savings. And certain rural traditions are no longer practiced: Inside the villages I was told by men that they used to head to Saudi Arabia for three or four months to work. The money they earned there and the money made at home from selling agricultural produce used to suffice to the feed the family. But now, they can no longer go to Saudi Arabia because the border is closed. Trying to cross it is very dangerous.
Two million people are internally displaced. Many have moved in with relatives in the cities. A colleague of mine told me that half a year ago, his salary was enough to feed his own family. Now, his salary has to feed seven families.
One of the reasons why people are suffering is because a US-backed, Saudi-led military coalition has imposed a blockade. Aid deliveries, food deliveries, fuel, medicine —none of this is getting through to northern Yemen. How does this affect the work of your humanitarian agency?
Yemen always needed to import 80 to 90 percent of its basic food staples. Most of this food was imported via sea, some of it by land via Saudi Arabia. The country's major ports that we used for these imports lie in the north — which is controlled by Houthi rebels. These ports are blocked. Consequently, there is less food inside the country, prices are rising, and so less and less food is available to the Yemeni people.
The country has been under a total blockade since early November. That means not even aid deliveries are getting in. That has a dramatic effect on our work. For example: Chlorine tablets that are needed to treat drinking water are almost depleted. This increases the risk of cholera spreading even further. We are running low on much need vaccines. Measles and other diseases could spread even more. We're already in a situation where every 10 minutes a Yemeni child dies of a preventable disease. For example from diarrhea, malnutrition or respiratory disease.
Is it time for the international community to exert greater pressure, for instance on Saudi Arabia, to at least lift its blockade of Yemeni ports and to open the border?
Yes, much more international pressure is need. The situation in Yemen is not receiving the kind of attention it should. That also explains why there is little international pressure. The conflict resolution mechanisms we have have on the international level have not brought peace to Yemen.
As a humanitarian agency you need to prepare for different outcomes. What is the best-case scenario for Yemen?
Ideally, there will be peace. A peace agreement in the near future, signed by all parties, is necessary for the country to fully recover in the long-term.
Currently, I don't think it's realistic. It looks like this dire situation will persist. The world isn't paying enough attention to the Yemen conflict. That's why there's little international pressure. And the conflicting parties haven't yet reached a point were they're ready to talk. At least not to the extent one would hope for.
Has the violent death of former Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh, who pulled the strings behind the scenes, further complicated the search for peace?
For a short period, Saleh's death made things more difficult for me and my colleagues working for CARE. Fighting began in Sanaa in early December. Clashes are taking place in provincial capitals, which are also heavily bombed from the air. This meant we had to reduce or halt our activities. Fortunately, my colleagues are all in good health. But we were quite limited in our activities for a certain period. We could not tend to important areas, like the water sector. This has made the country's humanitarian situation even worse.
In early 2017, a large donor conference was held for Yemen. This generated substantial funds. Which was great. But the estimates made then no longer reflect the current status-quo. Back then, there was no Cholera epidemic. Today, we have about half a million suspected cases and over 2,000 Cholera deaths. And those are the number we know. It is possible that there are further cases in other parts of the country which we don't yet know of. And because the blockade has drastically driven up food prices, our estimates for how much support a family needs to survive are no longer accurate. That means more help is needed. Every donation towards humanitarian organizations is welcome.
Karl-Otto Zentel is the acting general secretary of CARE Germany-Luxemburg. His humanitarian agency is engaged in Yemen to help alleviate the human suffering.


I planted a small container of this under a rhododendron many years ago, and it has spread. It is now under a couple of rhodies and an azalea. There are not a lot of shady areas in my yard, and while this has spread nicely, there isn't much more space for it to go to. Unless it will displace violets. Time will tell which ground cover will dominate in the long run.
Categories: Uncategorized | Tags: azalea, flower, groundcover, rhodie, rhododendron, shade, small, spring, sweet woodruff, violets, white | Permalink.
I love to see an azalea in full bloom, all you can see is the flowers as they hide all of the leaves.
This particular plant had been heavily pruned by the local marauding deer. It has been maybe 10 years that this shrub has been fenced from the varmits, and I am still thinning the inside to encourage growth on select branches. Perhaps if I had cut more extensively in the beginning, the plant could have grown more evenly. But my cuts are conservative, as I have tried hard to keep this bush thriving. It now has sweet woodruff, bergenia and violets at its base, as I keep amending the surrounding soil.
Categories: Uncategorized | Tags: azalea, bergenia, deer, pruning, red, sweet woodruff, violets | Permalink.


One effective way of improving the look of your landscape is to consider working with professionals. Many benefits come along with engaging a reliable landscaping form. When you want to unleash your creativity, landscaping can be a great way to do it. However, when looking for a landscape contractor that you can trust with the situation, it can be a real nightmare. This is also because when hiring a landscaping company, you do not know what to expect. Therefore, when planning to improve the look of your yard, it is necessary to select the right contractor. Below are some few tips that can help you when looking for the best landscaping services to utilize.
When choosing the right landscaper to engage, status is a crucial factor to consider. You can want to either ask people in the neighborhood what they have to say about the company or go online. Online is an excellent place to search everything you need to know about a landscaping company. However, you need to also find out from their past clients. You need to start a conversation about the problem if you cannot find a forum where the company is being discussed. You will notice that people are happy to give their opinion about the issue.
You also need to find the slide with a company when looking for one to hire. A good company should ensure that there is clear communication between them and their clients. They should inform you when the work might exceed your set budget, or the best time to do the job and among other things. The contractor should also provide you with regular updates in cases of any events with the project. Since the company is not hiding anything from you, this will help you to believe them wholeheartedly. You will not have to fear about being ripped off by the company as well.
Whether the company is well experienced is another important consideration to make. It is through working with experienced landscaping firm that one is assured of getting the best results for their landscape. In most instances, the most recommended period for the service is ten years. The kind of landscaping materials a contractor uses is another crucial thing that you should consider. To ensure that you get perfect results from the landscaping services, you need to ensure that you hire the best contractor. A lot of research is needed from your side to get the best contractor; however, in the end, it will save you both money and time.


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John Langmead	Australian Birds, Australian Native Birds, Hang Gliding, Raptors	 August 10, 2021 August 11, 2021 9 Minutes
The entirely apt scientific name of the wedge-tailed eagle is aquila audax: respectively, these Latin words mean eagle, and bold and daring. A grand official name befitting this magnificent bird. The spangled drongo (a less spectacular Australian native bird), can only wish for such a title. The wedge-tail is the largest raptor in Australia, and one of the largest eagles in the world.
They are found throughout mainland Australia and Tasmania. The adult female is larger than the adult male. The wingspan of an adult is typically around 2.3m (approx. 7'6″), they stand about 1m tall (approx. 3'3″) and can weigh up to 5kgs. There are reports of wingspans of 2.8m (approx. 9'2″). They have large powerful talons, and feathery 'trousers' covering their legs. Their colour vision is superior to that of humans. They also have very sophisticated binocular vision (also superior to that of humans) enabling them to pinpoint prey from great distances. They build very large nests.
They are monogamous, and very territorial, especially in breeding season. Their life expectancy is around 20 years, with recorded instances of some living much longer. They often hunt in pairs. Being such powerful fliers they can lift and fly with prey equalling their own weight (up to 5kgs): source: https://www.wildlife.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/115343/Wedge-tailed-Eagle.pdf).
Wedge-tailed eagles get darker as they get older. They are strong fliers and highly skilled at soaring to significant altitudes (6,000 feet and sometimes higher) using thermals.
Airborne encounters with wedge-tailed eagles
This 1993 entry from my hang gliding log book records among other things (such as my glowing review of my landing, which suggests perhaps that not all my landings were of this quality…) my first flying encounter with a wedge-tailed eagle. Ben Nevis is a mountain in western Victoria, not far from Ararat. It has a large granite area from which a foot launch in a hang glider can safely be made. The mountain and the surrounding area generate a lot of thermal lift, which attracts hang glider pilots and wedge-tailed eagles.
The brief reference in my log to flying over a wedge-tailed eagle and maintaining height is a reference to me using the circling eagle directly ahead and not far below me to identify the location of a thermal. I maintained height for a short time in the thermal as the eagle continued to climb to my height (and then beyond). But for the three to four 360° turns I flew in an attempt to stay in the thermal, I was at the same height as the circling eagle. The words 'great sight' are quite inadequate to describe the experience of flying in close proximity to and sharing a thermal with an eagle soaring with wings at full stretch. That he continued to climb while I did the opposite and landed in the paddocks below is beside the point.
Almost two years after sharing a thermal briefly with an eagle at Ben Nevis, I had another encounter with a wedge-tailed eagle while flying my hang glider (the Enterprise Wings Combat 152), this time in the Mallee in the north-west of Victoria in midsummer. It was a very hot day with a pre-frontal strong and gusty nor'westerly wind. We were staying in the area for a week of summer flying, tow-launching on a long rope towed by a car in the huge dusty paddocks near Birchip. Nobody launched until late in the afternoon when the wind and willy-willys had settled down. I launched around 4pm, released the tow rope at 900′ above the paddock, found a thermal and climbed out heading roughly south. I was heading towards Wycheproof and landed in a paddock 4km south of the town after a flight of a little over an hour. This was my personal best cross-country distance of 38km.
Staying airborne was a matter of locating a thermal (there were plenty of them), finding the centre of it where the lift was strongest, climbing in the core of the thermal until it either petered out or drifted downwind of the road I was following to Wycheproof, then finding another thermal and repeating. At one stage early in the flight I was down to 1700 feet above the paddocks before I found the next thermal, which turned out to be quite strong. I climbed in it until I was 6,550 feet above the small town of Dumosa.
While slowly descending through 6,000′ or so, a dark bird in the distance ahead of me and higher than me, dived and flew straight at me at speed. It was a large wedge-tailed eagle. As it neared me it extended its wings full span, pulled up squawking angrily with its legs and talons extended. I thought it was going to hit me or the glider. It all happened very fast. I have friends who have had eagles strike the sail or the the rigging wires of their hang glider in flight (eagle and pilot fortunately disengaged unscathed on each occasion). But the eagle banked away sharply and there was no contact. It disappeared as quickly as it came. I suppose it was an intimidatory display in defence of its territory. At 6,000 feet above the ground, the sky looked huge and the farming land below looked vast. I can only guess at the size of the territory this eagle was laying claim to rule.
The eagle achieved its aim. I haven't returned to that part of the sky.
This is a hang glider pilot's view of Marriners Lookout at Apollo Bay. The walking track and foot launch site (from which I took off) is just above the parked hang glider. The triangular light-coloured hang glider on the ground would have a wingspan of 10m (33 feet) or so. As stated above, the typical wingspan of an adult wedge-tailed eagles is around 2.3m (7'6″). I was probably flying 1500 feet or so above sea level when this was taken, looking out over the ocean to the south east. That would put me around 800 feet above launch height. The shiny black thing is one of two neoprene mittens fitted permanently to the base bar of the A-frame of the hang glider. The grey object on the left is my altimeter and vertical speed indicator. (Aviation universally uses feet for measuring altitude).
While flying from Marriners lookout some years ago at about the altitude shown in the photo, a resident wedge-tailed eagle took up position behind my hang glider. I spotted him when I was checking over my shoulder as I commenced a gentle 180° turn while gaining height in good ridge lift. I did a few small turns and checked behind me again – the eagle was doing exactly the same turns as I was doing. I was being shadowed by an eagle.
Then the eagle overtook me and took up position not far in front of me and just a little lower than I was. Once again, when I turned so did the eagle. It was a sunny day, and I had an uninterrupted view of the upper surface of this large bird with its wings fully spread and its tip feathers fanned out like finger tips as eagles do in light air. Anyone who thinks an eagle is simply brown is wrong. If there is a single key colour it is more of a golden brown. But there is so much more. The feathers right across the top of its wings shone with the most beautiful array of black markings, flashes of white and many shades of brown and gold as it banked gently left and right in sync with me. The wings were moving in so many different ways, some obvious and some very fine as feathers and wing size and shape were constantly changed to maintain the perfect aerofoil to achieve the perfect aerodynamic performance.
The eagle's head would turn very slightly from side to side, which I took to be his way of keeping me clearly in sight. We flew in formation for a pass or two left and right then the eagle peeled off and I lost sight of him.
It was a privilege to have this bird choose to fly near me and, for a short time, with me – even if its motive was to educate me as to exactly who controlled the territory into which I had flown. I have never forgotten the dazzling display of the colour and structure and movement of its wings viewed from directly above in bright sunlight.
The eagles have landed
A pair of wedge-tailed eagles recently developed an interest in a paddock not far from Apollo Bay, or to be exact, in a couple of dead lamb carcases in the paddock. The pair did a lot of flying over the paddock and over adjacent paddocks, occasionally landing in trees lining one side of the paddock, and occasionally landing on the grass amongst the stock. I saw them feeding on the carcase, but I also saw them just standing by as crows and other birds did the same thing. At no time did I see them showing any interest in livestock.
As the Barham River and its swampy banks separated me from the eagles in the paddock, these shots were all taken with the telephoto lens working hard.
The wedge-tailed eagle never fails to impress.
The feather 'trousers' on the legs are clear in this and the next shot. The wedge tail is a cagey bird, always keeping an eye on the big picture. Here it seems they have divided lookout out duty to cover the full 360° around them.
Peaceful coexistence.
The eagle allowed the crow to feed on the carcase without interruption.
Flying as a pair
It can be a photographic challenge getting a photo of the underwing of an eagle (or of any bird in normal flight) in natural light. But when the bird on the right banked sharply with the sun behind me, all of the underside of one wing and half of the other were momentarily illuminated by the sun. The colours and markings under the wings are at their best in such light.
These two were gliding when this was taken. The dihedral of the wedge tail's wings (the angle of inclination of the wings upward and away from the body) is a relatively shallow angle when gliding, as shown here.
The white-bellied sea eagle by comparison, when viewed head-on as it glides, has a greater dihedral angle ie the wings are noticeably more upswept. This is a reliable way to distinguish between the two species in the field, when they are seen (even at a distance) approaching the viewer head-on.
2.3m or more of moving wings is a lot to deal with when landing in the thin upper branches of a gum tree. They did it, but the elegance and perfect economy and efficiency of movement they display in the air was absent in this landing manoeuvre.
Crop of the previous photo.
Manoeuvring in the air
The size of the talons can be partly gauged in this photo. Note how the wing area has been reduced.
The wingtip feathers are aerodynamically significant in that when deployed in eg slow flight, they reduce the drag which would otherwise be caused by vortices and local turbulence of airflow caused by the merging of air that has flowed over the wings (lower pressure) with air that has flowed under the wings (higher pressure). The winglets and related devices on the wing tips of modern passenger aircraft are designed to achieve the same reduction in drag. But the eagle can deploy or retract its wingtip technology instantly and at will according to the mode of flight it is in.
Reconnaissance glide over the paddock. The head is down a little as the paddock is inspected from above.
Those are the talons in the retracted fully closed position! They are a fearsome weapon. I have heard an account from an eyewitness in South Australia who saw a white-bellied sea eagle (slightly smaller than a wedge-tailed eagle) carry a small dead wallaby to a branch on a dead tree near a beach. The sea eagle left it there and took off (presumably intending to return promptly) only to have a wedge-tailed eagle claim it and fly off with the carcase.
Notice how the wings are being held in a manner that significantly reduces their total area – another useful capability for the flight requirements of this bird of prey.
Compare the total area of the wings of the eagle in this photo with the wings on the bird in the previous photo. Greater wing area equals greater lift.
Soaring effortlessly.
Compare this photo to the one immediately below. In this shot the wingtip and tail feathers are fanned out to reduce drag as discussed earlier. The wedge-shaped tail is an aerodynamic control surface just like the elevator on an aircraft. Notice in the shot below how they are folded back to form a uniform smaller surface. It would be reasonable to guess that the bird in the shot below is flying faster than the bird in this photo.
Hang glider pilots considering taking off from a launch site (often an inland site) using the lift from wind blowing up a ridge or the side of a mountain, sometimes see eagles soaring overhead. If an eagle's wing and tail feathers are as above, it can be assumed there is relatively light air (and light lift) where that eagle is soaring. However, if the wing tip feathers are not extended but streamlined, as shown below, the wind strength and lift are likely to be stronger. In strong wind/lift the eagle might also reduce the size of its wings by bringing them in closer to its body. This is useful information to a hang glider pilot about to fly.
The majesty and beauty of the wedge-tailed eagle in full flight.
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4 thoughts on "Wedge-tailed Eagles"
Gilbert Griffith says:
I love those tip feathers!
I have had an eagle make a head-on attack at me. It closed to about 6 meters with it's claws forward and pointing at me. I agressively waved my arms and shouted at it dived away. Nesting time near Mount Buffalo.
It's an intimidating display isn't it!
Remember the Murmungee eagles Gilbo? I never had any close encounters with them, but I saw them quite a bit at a distance when I was flying there.
a marvelous blog John; I can well understand your affinity for this extraordinary bird when you were up there with him/her in your hang glider; perhaps much the same affinity as you had with the dolphin who kept you company in recent times!
the photos also highlight the beautiful colours of the eagle which aren't normally appreciated both because they are so far away and normally the sunlight isn't shining on their undersurface.
many thanks John
cheers, Richard
Thanks Richard. The wedge-tailed eagle is indeed an extraordinary bird. They are so cagey, and being anywhere near one is a rare experience.
But the lingering face to face encounter initiated by a wild dolphin during an ocean swim at Apollo Bay remains the most remarkable wildlife encounter I have experienced.
Cheers, John


Most people have never had a philosophy course; that doesn't keep them from practicing philosophy. We all inherit "default settings," unexamined presumptions about what knowing is, which are proving unhealthy and unbiblical. They infect every dimension of human life, including knowing God. "Epistemological therapy" thus holds the prospect of favorably impacting everything from business to Christian discipleship, athletics to scientific research. This lecture will introduce you to Meek's "covenant epistemology," centrally the proposal that we take, as our paradigm of all human knowing, the transformative, interpersonal, covenantally-featured relationship. We will explore its key features and the ways it accords with the Christian Scripture, commending its value for reshaping the way we engage the world, and restoring us to ourselves.
What follows are some sketchy notes from Meeks's thoughtful address for which the audio and video should be available soon here.
She describes herself as "a one-trick horse" whose specialty is epistemology. Knowing isn't more than one step removed from living.
Many people have powerful assumptions about knowledge. Meeks sees herself "as in the business of epistemological therapy. The way forward is to find our epistemic default layer (i.e., the default mode) and recognize that it is sick.
This operates as a default setting, and people have presumptive opinions about what knowledge is and isn't. One of these binary pairs esp. affects pastors: reason and faith.
Meek's proposal is an interpersonal, covenantally constituted relationship, i.e., what she calls covenant epistemology. Knowing is not information so much as transformation, and it involves the idea of covenant as an unfolding pers0nal relationship.
We know that we have made contact with reality when we have a sense of the possibility of indeterminate or unspecifiable manifestations.
Covenant is first and foremost a relationship of mutuality involving initiative and response constituted by promises and obligations, one that unfolds over time resulting in friendship and communion.
A critical and profound insight of what should be obvious: To be a person is fundamentally is not to be a reactional animal but a being in communion.
Covenantal illustrations: (1) "Starbucking," (2) dance.
Two necessary dimensions of situated stewardship are (1) the lived world and (2) the self that lives it. But there are two other dimensions that lie outside our own capacity to being or control: (1) any experience of the reality of the threat of not being and (2) the holy, namely, the gracious possibility of new being, a deliverance that comes outside of us and to us only when we are in the void, the other that graciously seeks our flourishing, the personal other that will not go away.
Having been known by and knowing Christ is the epistemic paradigm for all human knowing.
7. A Short Objection and Reply: What About Collecting Data?
Both knower and known are persons in personal relationship. Many might ask, "What about collecting data?" The question reflects a defective epistemic default (i.e., knowledge as information).


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Q: how to download latest version file in android? I have prepared one sample application.When application install in devices download the file from server and store in local storage.When launch the application first check the file
version in server(file name like this filename_version(g_0.1)).when change the version that time only download the file and store in local, old version remove from local.
How to do this .Please guide me.

A: maybe you just want to have an md5 sum check. So thats the easiest way:
assume that you never downgrade the version on the server, then you save the md5 sum of your local file and request the one from the server. if its different you download the file.
otherwise if you really want to do this via the filename you could just get the filename from the server and then split up like this: yourfile_1.0.9-dev -> {yourfile, 1, 0, 9, dev} and you can easily compare major, minor and release version.


Anthony Collier, Technical Operations Manager, BSRIA NorthBSRIA North is delighted to announce the appointment of Anthony Collier as its new Technical Operations Manager, effective from Monday 3rd September 2018, in a newly-created role.
Anthony is well experienced in UKAS Laboratory, Calibration and Quality Management, with 14 years of experience mainly in a materials testing environment for the civil engineering highways sector.
"Anthony brings with him an abundance of experience and we see this appointment in a newly-created role as an essential step in our continued development for the strategic direction BSRIA North is taking for 2018 and beyond.
"I am looking forward to making my mark at BSRIA in this new role that will highlight the value BSRIA represents for the built environment sector at the time of profound change and challenge.
I am also keen to switch industries and applying my knowledge into the test, instruments and research fields in the construction and building services sector. I am NEBOSHH qualified and take a serious approach to all H&S matters.
I will be able to apply my knowledge and qualifications since I am also a qualified Lead Auditor in ISO 9001:2015 quality management systems and have been involved in numerous UKAS 17025 audits over the years which will aid the growth of BSRIA North department.


More from Tauranga, as well as the event mentioned below, Tauranga Marriages group have a poster and other encouragement for churches and other community groups to get active this marriage week. Their most exciting event is a video competition (details to follow).
Please tell us (in the comments below perhaps) so we can mention your local events on here and on Facebook….