text:
CMA's Submission to Finance Canada regarding proposed amendments to the Income Tax Act
As previously indicated in the Retirement Income Improvement Coalition's (RIIC) letter to the Minister of Finance on August 10, 2011, the CMA supports the federal government's proposal to expand access to pensions, specifically by establishing a legislative and regulatory framework to permit pooled registered retirement plans (PRPPs). The CMA is concerned that as currently proposed, the PRPP framework, including Bill C-25 and the proposed legislative amendments to the Income Tax Act, would limit the potential for PRPPs to contribute to expanding access to, and investment in, pensions for self-employed individuals. With respect to the pension framework, a critical issue, two principles are central to the CMA's membership of over 76,000 physicians. These are, to encourage the federal government to: 1) ensure that self-employed Canadians can retire with an appropriate level of retirement income (e.g., a 70% of pre-retirement income target); and, 2) expand the retirement savings options that are available to self-employed Canadians. The CMA's comments herein on the proposed amendments to the Income Tax Act are in support of these two principles. As elaborated below, the CMA encourages the federal government to: 1. Increase the retirement savings capacity of self-employed individuals by raising the combined limit for RRSPs; 2. Expand the PRPP framework to include defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans; and, 3. Clarify the eligibility criteria of "PRPP administrators" to include professional associations. 1. Increase the combined contribution limit for PRPPs and RRSPs As proposed, it is our understanding that the core benefit of the PRPP framework is in providing smaller businesses access to low-cost pension plans, thereby providing a vehicle to encourage employers to establish, and contribute to, pensions for their employees. While the CMA recognizes the value of, and supports, this objective, this proposal in effect maintains the status quo for self-employed individuals. Under Clause 10 of the proposed amendments to the Income Tax Act, the contribution limit to PRPPs would be calculated as an additional component of the current registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) contribution limit. As outlined in the Explanatory Notes, "an employer's contributions to an individual's PRPP account [and...] an individual's PRPP contributions in a taxation year will immediately reduce the individual's ability to make deductible RRSP contributions in that same year." While individuals with employer contributions stand to benefit from increased retirement savings via employer contributions, self-employed individuals are merely provided with access to an alternate retirement savings vehicle. As explained in the Summary Report on Retirement Income Adequacy Researchi, "[h]igher income groups tend to exhibit a greater tendency to substitute one form of saving for another since they tend to be bound by limits...[I]f newly introduced plans are included in limitations imposed on the degree to which contributions may be deductible for tax purposes, saving may not increase for individuals who are constrained (i.e. saving up to their limit), since they would more likely substitute one type of saving for another (e.g., RRSP for a private pension plan)." Therefore, the CMA encourages the federal government to consider increasing the retirement savings capacity of self-employed individuals by raising the combined limit for RRSPs and PRPPs. 2. Include defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans As noted under Clause 12, the registration criteria for PRPPs will be established by the PRPP Act, Bill C-25. Of concern, Bill C-25 limits PRPPs to defined contribution pension plans by specifically excluding from eligibility of registration: (a) a pension plan as defined by 2(1) of the Pension Benefits Standards Act; (b) an employees' or a deferred profit sharing plan; (c) an RRSP or a retirement compensation arrangement defined by 248(1) of the Income Tax Act; and, (d) any other prescribed plan or arrangement. As highlighted by the Summary Report on Retirement Income Adequacy Research, "defined benefit pension funds and annuities enable investors to share longevity risks as well as pool risky investments to diversify risk." By pooling risk, defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans provide more secure savings vehicles than defined contributions plans. The CMA encourages the federal government to expand the PRPP framework to include defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans. While the CMA will advance this recommendation to the House of Commons Finance Committee during its consultation on Bill C-25, we include it as part of this submission as modifications to the proposed amendments to the Income Tax Act would be required. 3. Clarify the eligibility criteria of "PRPP administrators" to include professional associations Further clarification is required on the type of organization that may qualify as a PRPP administrator. As noted under Clause 12, an administrator of a PRPP is authorized under the PRPP Act. As Bill C-25, the PRPP Act, is still in the legislative process, the CMA will elaborate on this issue during the formal Parliamentary consultation. However, as it stands, further clarification is required on the eligibility criteria proposed by Bill C-25. While Bill C-25 can be interpreted to extend administrator eligibility to organizations that are able to fulfill the criteria established by the PRPP Act, Finance Canada's Framework for PRPPs states that eligibility of administrators would be limited to "regulated financial institutions that are capable of taking on a fiduciary role". Well-governed professional organizations that represent a particular membership should be able to sponsor and administer RPPs and PRPPs for their own members, including self-employed members. Conclusion While the CMA supports the proposed PRPP framework in principle, the proposed limitations to PRPPs should be addressed to ensure that they also provide value to self-employed Canadians, including physicians. The CMA appreciates the opportunity to comment on the proposed amendments to the Income Tax Act and to once again advance recommendations to Finance Canada on the PRPP framework. i Prepared for the Research Working Group on Retirement Income Adequacy of Federal-Provincial-Territorial Ministers of Finance.
CMA's Submission to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Finance: Amending Bill C-25 to expand the PRPP framework to provide value to self-employed Canadians
The Canadian Medical Association (CMA) supports the Government of Canada's efforts to improve Canada's retirement income system, specifically by establishing a legislative framework to permit pooled registered pension plans (PRPPs) as proposed in Bill C-25, the PRPP Act. The CMA has long supported the Government of Canada's efforts to expand access to pensions, including by permitting PRPPs. However, the CMA is concerned that as currently proposed, Bill C-25 limits the potential for PRPPs to expand the access to, and investment in, pensions of self-employed individuals. The CMA has participated in, and made recommendations to, Finance Canada over the course of the department's multi-year consultative process, including responding to the 2010 consultative paper Ensuring the Ongoing Strength of Canada's Retirement Income System. The CMA has also made recommendations to Finance Canada as a member of the Retirement Income Improvement Coalition (RIIC), which consists of 11 national professional associations representing over 1 million self-employed professionals. The following discussion and recommendations align with those previously made by the CMA and the RIIC. The pension framework is a critical issue to CMA's membership of over 76,000 physicians. In addressing the pension framework, including permitting PRPPs, two principles are central to the CMA's membership: to ensure that self-employed Canadians can retire with an appropriate level of retirement income (e.g., a target of 70% of pre-retirement income); and, to expand the retirement savings options that are available to self-employed Canadians. The CMA's comments herein, and recommendations to the Finance Committee to amend Bill C-25, are in support of these two principles. As elaborated below, the CMA encourages the Finance Committee to: 1. Amend Bill C-25 to raise the combined limit for RRSPs and PRPPs in order to increase the retirement savings capacity of self-employed individuals. 2. Amend Section 12(1) of Bill C-25 to expand the PRPP framework so it includes defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans, which provide more secure savings vehicles than defined contributions plans. 3. Ensure the eligibility clauses of Bill C-25 (Sections 14-26) would allow well-governed professional organizations that represent a particular membership to be able to sponsor and administer RPPs and PRPPs for their own members, including self-employed members. 1. Increase the combined contribution limit It is our understanding that the core benefit of the proposed PRPP framework is in providing smaller businesses access to low-cost pension plans, thereby providing a vehicle to encourage employers to establish, and contribute to, pensions for their employees. However, as explained by the Explanatory Notes accompanying the proposed Income Tax Act amendments, "an employer's contributions to an individual's PRPP account [and...] an individual's PRPP contributions in a taxation year will immediately reduce the individual's ability to make deductible RRSP contributions in that same year." While the CMA recognizes the value of, and supports, this objective, this proposal in effect maintains the status quo for self-employed individuals. Like the Canadian population at large, physicians represent an aging demographic - 38% of Canada's physicians are 55 or older - for whom retirement planning is an important concern. In addition, the vast majority of CMA members are self-employed physicians and, as such, they are unable to participate in workplace registered pension plans (RPPs). At present, physicians are more reliant on registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) relative to other retirement savings vehicles. While individuals with employer contributions stand to benefit from increased retirement savings via employer contributions, self-employed individuals are merely provided with access to an alternate retirement savings vehicle. As explained in the Summary Report on Retirement Income Adequacy Researchi, "[h]igher income groups tend to exhibit a greater tendency to substitute one form of saving for another since they tend to be bound by limits...[I]f newly introduced plans are included in limitations imposed on the degree to which contributions may be deductible for tax purposes, saving may not increase for individuals who are constrained (i.e. saving up to their limit), since they would more likely substitute one type of saving for another (e.g., RRSP for a private pension plan)." Therefore, the CMA encourages the Finance Committee to consider amending Bill C-25 to increase the retirement savings capacity of self-employed individuals by raising the combined limit for RRSPs and PRPPs. 2. Include Defined Benefit and Targeted Benefit Pension Plans As currently proposed, Section 12(1) of Bill C-25 limits PRPPs to defined contribution pension plans by specifically excluding from eligibility of registration: (a) a pension plan as defined by 2(1) of the Pension Benefits Standards Act; (b) an employees' or a deferred profit-sharing plan; (c) an RRSP or a retirement compensation arrangement defined by 248(1) of the Income Tax Act; and, (d) any other prescribed plan or arrangement. As highlighted in the Summary Report on Retirement Income Adequacy Research, "defined benefit pension funds and annuities enable investors to share longevity risks as well as pool risky investments to diversify risk." By pooling risk, defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans provide more secure savings vehicles than defined contribution plans. The CMA encourages the Finance Committee to amend Bill C-25 to expand the PRPP framework to include defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans. 3. Clarify the eligibility criteria of "PRPP administrators" to include professional associations Further clarification is required on the type of organization that may qualify as a PRPP administrator under Bill C-25. While Sections 14-26 of Bill C-25 can be interpreted to extend administrator eligibility to organizations that are able to fulfill the criteria it establishes, Finance Canada's Framework for Pooled Registered Retirement Plans states that eligibility of administrators would be limited to "regulated financial institutions that are capable of taking on a fiduciary role." The CMA encourages the Finance Committee to ensure that the eligibility clauses of Bill C-25 would allow well-governed professional organizations that represent a particular membership to be able to sponsor and administer RPPs and PRPPs for their own members, including self-employed members. Conclusion While the CMA supports the proposed PRPP framework in principle, the limitations currently proposed by Bill C-25 should be addressed to ensure that PRPPs also provide value to self-employed Canadians, including physicians. The CMA appreciates the opportunity to comment to the Finance Committee as part of its study of Bill C-25. Summary of Recommendations Recommendation 1 Amend Bill C-25 to raise the combined limit for RRSPs and PRPPs in order to increase the retirement savings capacity of self-employed individuals. Recommendation 2 Amend Section 12(1) of Bill C-25 to expand the PRPP framework so it includes defined benefit and targeted benefit pension plans, which provide more secure savings vehicles than defined contributions plans. Recommendation 3 Ensure the eligibility clauses of Bill C-25 (Sections 14-26) would allow well-governed professional organizations that represent a particular membership to be able to sponsor and administer RPPs and PRPPs for their own members, including self-employed members. i Prepared for the Research Working Group on Retirement Income Adequacy of Federal-Provincial-Territorial Ministers of Finance.
Standing Committee on Health's study on violence faced by healthcare workers
Re: Standing Committee on Health's study on violence faced by healthcare workers Dear Mr. Casey: I am writing on behalf of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) to submit recommendations for consideration by the Standing Committee on Health (the Committee) as part of the study on violence faced by healthcare workers. The CMA is deeply concerned with the state of workplace safety in all health care settings, including hospitals, long-term care, and home care settings. As in all experiences of violence, it is unacceptable for healthcare workers to be victims of violence in the provision of care to patients. While there is limited data nationally to understand the incidence of violence against healthcare workers, anecdotal evidence suggests that these experiences are increasing in frequency and severity. A 2010 survey of members of the College of Family Physicians of Canada shockingly found that, in the previous month, nearly one-third of respondents had been exposed to some form of aggressive behaviour from a patient (90%) or patient's family (70%). The study concluded that "Canadian family physicians in active practice are subjected to regular abuse from their patients or family members of their patients."1 These concerns were brought to the CMA's General Council in 2015, where our members passed a resolution calling for: "the federal government to amend the Criminal Code by making it a specific criminal offence to assault health care providers performing their duties." The CMA is prioritizing initiatives that support physician health and wellness. Increasingly, there is a recognition of the role of the workplace, primarily health care settings, and safe working conditions as having an important influence of physician health and wellness. …/2 1 Miedema BB, Hamilton R, Tatemichi S et al. Monthly incidence rates of abusive encounters for Canadian family physicians by patients and their families. Int J Family Med. 2010; 2010: 387202. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3275928/pdf/IJFM2010-387202.pdf (accessed 2019 May 9). Mr. Bill Casey Addressing violence against providers in healthcare settings will require action from both federal and provincial/territorial governments. In light of the above, the CMA respectfully submits the following recommendations for consideration by the Committee in its study on violence against healthcare workers: 1) The CMA recommends that the Committee on Health support the call to amend the Criminal Code of Canada to introduce a new criminal offence for assault against a healthcare provider performing their duty. 2) The CMA recommends that the Committee on Health support establishing monitoring of violence against healthcare workers, that is consistent across jurisdictions, and have an active role in responding appropriately to trends. 3) The CMA recommends that the Committee on Health support federal leadership in a pan- Canadian approach to support workplace safety in healthcare settings, including collaborating with the provinces and territories to improve violence prevention. Finally, the CMA welcomes and supports the petition recently tabled in the House of Commons by Dr. Doug Eyolfson, calling for the Minister of Health "to develop a pan-Canadian prevention strategy to address growing incidents of violence against health care workers." In closing, the CMA is encouraged that the Committee is undertaking this study. I look forward to the Committee's report on this topic and the opportunity to collaborate on federal and provincial/territorial action in this matter. Sincerely, F. Gigi Osler, BScMed, MD, FRCSC President c.c.: Marilyn Gladu, M.P., Vice Chair, Standing Committee on Health Don Davies, M.P., Vice Chair Standing Committee on Health


Facebook has seen its stock plummeting on Wall Street in recent months. Stock has fallen from $38 a share to $19.43 on Tuesday's closing price.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg's holdings have fallen more than $9 billion and he has remained out of public spotlight since the social media giant's public offering in May.
Surrounded by an audience of fellow tech geeks, Zuckerberg emanated an air of informality, showing up wearing a gray t-shirt, jeans and sneakers. The Facebook CEO chuckled and smiled frequently throughout the discussion of his company's falling stock value, but reassured that the company would figure out a variety of ways to profit from the growing number of its 955 million users who visit Facebook via mobile rather than desktop Web browsers.
A foremost problem in the growing number of Facebook mobile users is that since the app is projected on a smaller platform than it would on a desktop computer, ads are cut out due to the limited amount of screen space.
Zuckerberg even deflected speculation of Facebook producing its own smart phone, as Apple and Google have accomplished in recent years. But although a Facebook smart phone is not in the near future for now, Zuckerberg said that he wanted to intensify Facebook's rivalry with Google by developing more expansive search methods on its website.
Zuckerberg's discussion at the San Francisco TechCrunch Disrupt, primarily meant to talk possible Facebook defectors down from the roof of leaving the social networking site, must have influenced some. Facebook shares gained 66 cents, a 3.4 percent increase in Tuesday's trading after the CEO took the stage.


We've put Premier's tubes to the test and they perform even better than expected.
With plenty of broken or torn tubes using shredded leaf tobacco and our Powermatic 2s, we were pleasantly surprised by Premier's tubes. They work excellent with our whole leaf tobacco and the Powermatic series injectors.
"Thank you, Speedy delivery, and I am very happy with your product. "


text:
Степа́ньково — деревня в Павловском районе Нижегородской области. Входит в состав городского поселения рабочий посёлок Тумботино.

География
Расположена в лесистой местности на первой надпойменной террасе реки Оки.
Соединена асфальтовой дорогой с посёлком Тумботино и имеет с ним автобусное сообщение. Недалеко от деревни располагается база отдыха «Красный Курган» (бывший детский оздоровительный лагерь).

К северу от Степаньково находится нефтеперекачивающая станция «Степаньково» и посёлок при ней.

История
В окладных книгах 1678 года деревня входила в состав Бабасовского прихода, в ней было 9 дворов крестьянских и 3 бобыльских.

В XIX — первой четверти XX века деревня входила в состав Степаньковской волости Гороховецкого уезда Владимирской губернии, с 1926 года — в составе Фоминской волости Муромского уезда. В 1859 году в деревне числилось 40 дворов, в 1905 году — 78 дворов, в 1926 году — 85 дворов.

С 1929 года деревня являлась центром Степаньковского сельсовета Павловского района Горьковского края, с 1931 года — в составе Щепачихинского сельсовета, с 1936 года — в составе Горьковской области, с 2009 года — в составе городского поселения рабочий посёлок Тумботино.

Население

Примечания

Населённые пункты Павловского района (Нижегородская область)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Features: Microfiber handlebar tape. Perforated surface for ventilation and moisture absorption. Washable leather look surface. Waterproof adhesive. Finishing tape and handlebar plugs included. Colors: black. blue. red. green and white.


text:
Gespenster ist eine österreich-ungarische Stummfilmverfilmung des gleichnamigen Dramas von Henrik Ibsen aus dem Jahre 1918.

Handlung
Auf dem Landgut an einem Fjord im Westen Norwegens. Kammerherr Alving hat Helene geheiratet, doch hält er es mit der Treue nicht so genau. Auch dem Stubenmädchen Regine macht er den Hof und schwängert sie. Nun wird es Frau Alving zu bunt; sie wirft Regine kurzerhand aus dem Haus. Diese flüchtet sich zu dem Tischler Jakob Engstrand, mit dem sie seit geraumer Zeit ein Verhältnis hat. Engstrand schreibt nun Alving einen Brief, in dem er diesen dazu auffordert, sich um Regines Kind zu kümmern. Frau Alving bekommt eines Tages dieses Schreiben in die Hände, nachdem ihr untreuer Gatte erst wahnsinnig geworden ist und dann starb. Zum Andenken an Alving stiftet Helene ein Asyl, das seinen Namen tragen soll. Noch kurz vor seinem Tode war Helene vor den Gemeinheiten und Brutalitäten ihres lieblosen Gatten in das Haus ihres Jugendfreundes Manders geflüchtet, der sich als Pastor um die verirrten Seelen der Gemeinde kümmert. Doch er verwies sie wenig christlich seines Hauses und verlangte von Helene, heimzukehren, da eine gute Gattin stets an die Seite ihres Mannes gehöre.

Helene Alvings Ehe entstammt ein Sohn, Oswald. Um ihn vor den schlimmsten Zumutungen des Vaters zu schützen, gab sie ihn frühzeitig fort. Nun ist aus dem Kind ein junger Mann geworden, der nach Alvings Tod zwecks Studium nach Paris reist. Dort bleibt er mehrere Jahre, doch die an ihm begangenen Sünden des Vaters werfen ihre langen Schatten auf Oswalds Leben. Inmitten einer Arbeit wird Oswald von einem Anfall aus der Bahn geworfen. Er begibt sich zu einem Facharzt, der ihm konstatiert, dass er, wie bereits der Vater, eines Tages dem Wahnsinn anheimfallen werde. Die Schuld der Väter solle auf die Söhne übertragen werden, so heißt es. Um nicht so allein zu sein, hat derweil Frau Alving die Frucht des Alvingschen Seitensprungs, Regine Engstrand, zu sich genommen. Als Heimkehrer Oswald sie sieht, ist er sofort Feuer und Flamme und will Regine heiraten. Seine Mutter macht ihm klar, dass dieses Mädchen seine Halbschwester sei. Nun verliert Oswald jeden Halt. Er bittet seine Muter, ihm bei einem erneuten Anfall Gift zu geben, um dann seinem elendigen Dasein ein Ende zu bereiten. Frau Alving weigert sich heftig gegen diesen Wunsch, doch als sie sieht, wie bei dem Folgeanfall ihr Oswald offensichtlich den Verstand zu verlieren droht, kommt sie schweren Herzens dessen Wunsch nach.

Produktionsnotizen
Gespenster entstand zur Jahreswende 1917/18 und erlebte seine Uraufführung am 15. März 1918 in Wien. Die Länge des Fünfakters betrug rund 1800 Meter, es gab auch kürzere Fassungen mit Längen von 1580 und 1647 Metern.

Die zur Drehzeit erst 17-jährige Grit Haid gab hier mutmaßlich ihr Filmdebüt.

Kritiken

Paimann's Filmlisten resümierte: "Stoff spannend, Photos sehr gut. Spiel und die Sterbeszenen ausgezeichnet. Ausstattung dem Sujet entsprechend einfach."

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1918
Schwarzweißfilm
Stummfilm
Österreichischer Film
Filmdrama
Henrik-Ibsen-Verfilmung


text:
Season 7 – "24" – 11pm to 12 am
Previously on 24: Tripp from Star Trek: Enterprise beamed away just at the right time; Renee was left in a holding room, completely unable to communicate with anyone, except via a cell phone that was left behind; Jack exposed himself.
11:00 pm – Out in the middle of the street, several of the Intel bunny suit guys have come to Jack's rescue, and they're trying to help him. Having just exposed himself to the deadly gas, Jack exposes himself to one of the doctors, who goes completely speechless. Jack covers this by saying they must be looking at his scars.
11:01 pm – Meanwhile, back at FBI headquarters, Larry is exposed to another agent that's toxic on the nerves – Janis. Larry explains everything that happened last show, and wants Janis to help gather information on Starkwood.
11:02 pm – The completely inconspicuous helicopter carrying the completely inconspicuous deadly nerve agent arrives at Starkwood, exactly at the same time as the car carrying Tony, which either means they have really slow helicopters, or really fast cars. Maybe both. Jonas is convinced that Tony won't talk, because he's seen the show before, and he's read several pages ahead in the script. Jonas gives one of his henchmen a scary pep talk, and they drive off in yet another truck, with the tanks completely uncovered, which is the best way to sneak things past everyone that's looking for them.
11:05 pm – The thugs beat up on Tony, who's doing a very credible impersonation of a punching bag. Jonas tries to sweet talk Tony, but it doesn't do any good. Tony is not talking. One of Jonas' men, Greg, thinks it would be a good idea to destroy all the evidence – To say that Jonas is not on board… well, let's put it this way, Jonas is so off board on this he could do a swan dive at any moment.
11:09 pm – Back at the clinic in the middle of the street, the doctor would like to get some blood, spinal fluid, and some saliva. A few of the other doctors start to give her all of these until she tells them she means Jack's blood, spinal fluid and saliva. They should know how bad it is for Jack in 15 minutes.
11:10 pm – Olivia is really pushing for Rick Berman to be chief of staff. Mrs. President says Rick was great as producer for Star Trek: The Next Generation, but she's pretty sure that they'll have to wait a while until he beams down. She asks Olivia to be temporary Chief of Staff. Olivia accepts, and will play a duel role as Chief of Leaking to the Press as well.
11:11 pm – Agent Tim walks in and tells Mrs. President that there's an imminent threat. Olivia starts to deny this until Tim continues and says that Agent Larry is on the phone. Larry fills them in and tells Mrs. President that Starkwood is behind the plot to bring the deadly gas into the country. Mrs. President says that she's pretty sure she's ordered Rosie O'Donnell out of the country already. Agent Larry says it's even worse, which Mrs. President finds hard to believe. Agent Larry says they need to go after Starkwood immediately, so, of course, Mrs. President calls a meeting of the Joint Chiefs, which is a lot less than immediately.
11:18 pm – Larry comes in to see Renee, and tells her what's been going on so far. Larry tells Renee that Jack exposed himself, and Renee seems upset she missed that! Larry says he wants Renee to debrief Jack, which she initially misinterprets. She then realizes Larry meant that she needs to get information from Jack.
11:20 pm – Olivia goes to see Agent Aaron, and asks him to stay as the head of security. Aaron says that he really, really wants to retire, preferably to a place with no bullets. Olivia says she trusts Aaron, and won't take no for an answer. She walks away, not even asking about Aaron's hurt arm.
11:22 pm – Mrs. President's meeting starts, and the first thing out of her mouth is "This day is not over". Brilliant! Agent Tim tells everyone about Starkwood's headquarters. Ben, from the CDC, who says that the pathogen is Yakov Smirnov disease, which causes people to talk in a funny accent. Mrs. President states the obvious that Starkwood shouldn't have these weapons. Several generals talk about shooting, blowing things up, and major chaos. Mrs. President says that what she's hearing is that "there are no good options" available. The generals (and probably most of the audience) can't believe what they're hearing – They just told her about all the cool shooting, things blowing up and chaos!
11:25 pm – A thug asks Tony, again, what he knows. Tony still isn't talking. The thug says that he bet Jonas a pair of 50 yard line tickets that Tony wouldn't talk. Just as he's about to pull the trigger, someone shoots the thug! It turns out to be Greg, whose tickets they were in the first place. He doesn't like the fact they were gambling with HIS football tickets, or anything else that's happening at Starkwood today.
Greg asks Tony for help, because he thinks Jonas has lost his mind with this whole "Hey, we have a bioweapon!" thing. Tony wants to know where the weapons are right now, but Greg really wants immunity first. Tony promises him complete vaccinations, but Greg wants the whole thing – immunity from criminal prosecution too. They go off to make a phone call, completely unconcerned about anyone finding the dead thug they leave behind.
11:27 pm – Meanwhile, over on Jack's Potential Toxic Bus, they're headed to the FBI where Jack can get some new clothes and quit hanging around in his long underwear. The Doctor asks how Jack is feeling, and then takes her old sweet time to show him the results. Since they opened the wall between the area between her and Jack, it looks like he's going to be OK.
11:31 pm – Janis tells Renee that Jack isn't going to be wearing a funny suit, after all. But it turns out that Jack WAS infected… it's just that it's not contagious. They still have hope though, since Jack just signed up for another season of "24".
Jack goes to change, and Renee follows him. Renee sees Jack without his shirt on, and she has the same reaction as the doctor did – there's a lot of drooling. Renee says she wants to debrief Jack, and also needs to find out more about the canisters.
Renee tells him that she read the report from the port security guard, who credits Jack for saving him. She says she's really proud of Jack for "doing the right thing". Jack doesn't look all that impressed, which is understandable since nobody has even told him that they're upset that he's been infected.
11:33 pm – Over at Starkwood, Tony and Greg walk around as if it's completely normal to walk around with a gun. They get to Greg's office, and Jonas calls. Jonas really wants Tony dead. Greg starts setting a secure line to the FBI, and really regrets that Jonas seems to have gone completely Looney Tunes, and not in good, Bugs Bunny, way.
11:35 pm – The FBI's own Agent of Mass Destruction, Janis, tells Larry about all the information she's gotten about Starkwood. Renee arrives, and Larry says that he heard about Jack, and that he's sorry. (Sure, sympathy to Renee, but still no one is saying this to Jack?) Renee hands Larry an old Palm PDA, which Larry thinks still isn't as good as his iPhone. Janis interrupts, saying that Tony is on the phone.
They take the call. Tony tells Larry that he's at Starkwood, Greg has information about where the deadly nerve agents are, and that Greg want immunity. Larry decides that he really has to run this by Mrs. President, because that's what field agents always do when dealing with imminent threats – they call the White House to have the President deal with immunity for low-ranking accomplices.
11:41 pm – Mrs. President is watching videos of some people that have been exposed to American Idol – it's killed them all. She tells Olivia that she's very upset about Starkwood, and now she's afraid they'll unleash American Idol on the whole country.
Larry calls, and tells Mrs. President that he needs a signature for the immunity deal. Larry sets up a way to sign the authorization through a completely obvious product placement opportunity for one of the show's sponsors. They set up a web cam for Greg, who tells them the exact location of the canisters, along with their telephone numbers.
Jack arrives, and wants to help. Larry doesn't want Jack to come along, and actually tells him, "I want my best men out in the field". Jack agrees, and quietly walks away as Larry leaves to do some shootin'. There's something weird going on… that nerve agent must be getting a hold of Jack. This is not the Jack we know!
11:51 pm – Greg arrives at the building he told the FBI about, and Tony takes the opportunity to use his Vulcan nerve pinch on a guard. Tony needs some practice, because it's more of a hit than a pinch. They're close to the building.
Inside the building, Jonas and the rest of his thugs and thug scientists work on the nerve agent, completely unconcerned about being exposed, because none of them is wearing protective gear. The closest thing is one guy in the back with a pocket protector. Jonas wants them to hurry about.
11:52 pm – Agent Larry is in a helicopter, on his way to the Starkwood compound. I'm sure that next time, he'll think of a much quieter way to sneak up on something, because the helicopter is really loud. He calls Tony. Tony gives him information about the building itself. Larry thanks him, and tells him that he's going to need Tony's eyes on the ground to help them out. Tony thinks that would scrape his eyeballs, and hurt quite a bit, so he just agrees to watch what's going on instead.
Larry calls the control tower, and tells the tower that they have a piece of paper that says they can land at Starkwood. Some of the guys in the helicopters are so excited, they drop ropes and leave before the helicopters can land. Everyone else waits until the helicopters land. Everyone seems to have forgotten their biological weapon protection gear.
They all head towards the building, which is guarded by a couple of guys. They blast open the door, and it turns out to be completely empty! Greg lied! Tony's pretty upset about this, and messes up Greg's suite.
Jonas watches this whole thing on a camera – the weapon is on the other side of the compound! This would have never happened if Jack went with.
Everyone heads outside, and Larry gives them a pep talk – which is interrupted by a lot of other people with guns. They're surrounded! And who drives up? The guy Greg shot!
That guy and Larry yell at each other for a while. They're in a standoff! Tony really looks like he wants to shoot Greg.
12 am – Time's up!
NEXT TIME ON 24 – Jonas yells! Fighter Jets! Olivia kisses someone! Jack falls over! Klieg Lights! See you next time!
Author srpPosted on March 30, 2009 Categories 24, TelevisionTags 24, 24 Humor, 24 recap, 24 Summary
8 thoughts on "Season 7 – "24" – 11pm to 12 am"
smerball says:
haha, great writing, thank you. you nailed it pretty good.
i think agent moss is way out of his league squaring off against a crack military team. he should stay saddled up to his office chair and jockey his desk around. good thing there's a seal backup team. next week should be good.
P.S. why does everyone dog agent janis gold? i like her. did i miss something?
Hello, FBI? The 1990's called. They want their webcams back.
Mike Antonucci says:
Great job, Steve. Is it true Jack got those scars from tackling a Christmas tree?
I think they're from when Audrey touched him.
JustABill says:
Did you also get when Olivia mentioned Rick Berman that President Taylor mentioned Bob Justman who was a director on Star Trek The Original Series?
Caught the Rick reference, but missed Bob. Good catch!
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text:
Carl W. Kroening Interpretive Center	Visit the Center to learn more about the Mississippi River and its many roles it played as a source for jobs and drinking water.
MPRB Home› Parks & Destinations› Parks & Lakes› Carl W. Kroening Interpretive Center
4900 Mississippi Court
Email: northmississippi@minneapolisparks.org
Facebook: Like Us
Interpretive Center Hours
Monday – Friday: 9 am – 5 pm*
*Thursday: 9 am – 8 pm
Sunday: 12 noon – 5 pm
Carl W. Kroening Interpretive Center
Part of: North Mississippi Regional Park
Find a Recreation Center
View a list of recreation centers sorted by which locations are equipped with air conditioning [PDF].
Interpretive exhibits about the Mississippi River and local wildlife
Bird watching station
Hands-on fun for children
Interact with live education animals
Nature exploration resources available for free check out at the front desk
No-charge Parking Lot
Nice Ride Bike Share
All Ages Public Programs
Early Birding: Join us the first Saturday each month to go bird-watching with a naturalist
Family Fundays: One Sunday a month spend an afternoon filled with nature themed activities for the whole family
Nature Hikes and Outdoor Programs: Explore seasonal topics in the park with a naturalist
Nature Art: Get creative with arts and crafts using nature as the subject, medium or both
Nature Nuts Play Group
Come with your little one to play and have fun in nature with other children and their guardians. Each day will be different but will explore a variety of nature themes including animals, plants and seasons. For kids ages 6 and under with an adult to enjoy the outdoors together!
School Release Day Programs
Keep kids active, engaged and learning when they are off from school. Offering full day (8 am-4 pm) programs for school-age children 6 to 12 years old during breaks and release days
Browse & Register
Neighborhood: Lind-Bohanon
Service Area: North
Large Group Programming: Bring your group for outdoor education in the park! Choose from a variety of interactive nature-based curricula available for school groups, daycares, homeschool co-ops and scout troops. Call 612-370-4838 for details and booking.
Birthday Party Reservations: We provide a 2.5 hour room rental, complete with tables, chairs and a sink. Included in that timeframe is a one hour naturalist-led program (with a variety of themes to choose from). Call for additional details and booking information.
Room Rentals: Call the recreation center directly to reserve space for a meeting or special event. Fee Schedules and Procedures [PDF] Application [PDF]
State Senators Carl Kroening of north Minneapolis and Bill Luther of Brooklyn Center obtained funding from the state legislature in 1985 for the development of a regional park on the banks of the Mississippi River from North Mississippi Park into Brooklyn Center on the west bank and Anoka County on the east bank. Kroening was instrumental in acquiring state funding, administered through the Metropolitan Council, for Minneapolis parks. He was later honored by having the park's interpretive center named for him. The new park was to be developed jointly by the Minneapolis park board along with the Anoka County park board and Three Rivers Park District (Hennepin County).
The deal between the park board and the state led to the creation of another waterfall in Minneapolis parks. The new I-94 freeway passed over Shingle Creek between Webber Park and North Mississippi Park, so the state's plan was to run the creek through a culvert under the freeway. The park board instead developed a plan to drop the creek in one step in an artificial waterfall west of the freeway and create paths beside the creek under the freeway. That plan enabled the uninterrupted connection of pathways along Shingle Creek to the river trails and beyond.
From 1987 to 1989 the park board acquired the last 17 acres to extend the park to the north Minneapolis city limit at 53rd Avenue North. Part of the land that had once held a housing project along the river was acquired from the Minneapolis Community Development Agency for about $2.5 million and private land was purchased for nearly $2 million more.
A trail system through the park, connecting to Shingle Creek and commuter routes downtown was developed in 1997.
The unique legislation that created joint responsibility for the park led to a partnership in operating the park. When the Carl Kroening Interpretive Center was opened in the park in 2002, programming was provided by the Three Rivers Park District even though the center is in Minneapolis. Regional park funding also was responsible for the construction in the park of the largest picnic shelter in Minneapolis parks, a wading pool, rock waterfall and playground at the north end of the park.
Solar panels were added to the Carl Kroening Interpretive Center in 2010.
Carl W. Kroening Center
Nature Camp
Naturalist Class


text:
Marketing in Ramadan: do well by doing good
Sharene Lee • 15 July, 2014
In the UAE and MENA region, Ramadan is usually a slow month for most startups. But for charitable causes, Ramadan is an ideal time for cause marketing due to a heightened emphasis on giving back.
Cause marketing has become common practice for established brands and startups alike, particularly in today's collaborative economy. Cause marketing entails collaboration between two or more parties to achieve mutual goals together. These goals can include raising funds and awareness for a charitable cause while simultaneously creating brand awareness. A well-executed campaign also builds a sense of identity among followers through shared values.
In recent years, because Ramadan has taken place during the summer, many startups close shop and go on vacation. This year, however, three startups in Dubai have decided that every day counts and that Ramadan is an opportunity to continue growing and to "do well by doing good". CarpoolArabia.com, Melltoo Marketplace (of which I am a co-founder), and Moti Roti are three local startups that have launched innovative cause marketing campaigns this month.
Cause marketing and the collaborative economy
Having risen out of the recent economic slump, the collaborative economy is where people share their personal resources to create a more sustainable future. A number of wildly successful startups are based on this idea, including AirBnB, Uber, and Task Rabbit. Cause marketing fits nicely with the values of this new economy. At the heart of each campaign is collaboration, and collaboration can be achieved in many ways as each of our startups demonstrates.
CarpoolArabia.com encourages collaboration among its users by connecting drivers with empty seats with passengers looking for a ride. Drivers have the option to ask for financial compensation or request that passengers cover part of the cost of the ride. The #RamadanPoolers campaign encourages drivers to offer free rides in the spirit of sharing and meeting new people during the month of Ramadan. Guillaume Arnaud, co-founder of Carpool Arabia, explains why the startup was keen on the #RamadanPoolers campaign: "We believe that the world would be a better place if people shared more. Our users have these same values so we wanted to give them the opportunity to do something for the community."
Similarly, my startup Melltoo.com is a marketplace where people can resell their pre-owned items. Melltoo is a social network for buying and selling, comparable to Facebook for classifieds. For the #halfAdate campaign, collaboration is between the startup and its users. Users contribute "half a date" by posting an item of theirs for sale on the Melltoo mobile app. Melltoo then contributes the other "half a date" by donating 5 AED for each ad posted. The funds will go to Human Appeal International for their Ramadan Iftar program.
As co-founder Morrad Irsane puts it: "I was looking at my budget to see what I could use for charitable causes. I can't cut salaries or rent, but I saw that there is an amount going to Facebook and Google for advertising. I would much rather give this money to charity." The idea is that doing good is not only about giving money. Melltoo makes it possible for its users, who might not have money to donate, to support a charitable cause while simultaneously embracing sustainability and the collaborative economy.
Finally, MotiRoti.me is a chain of "pop-up shops" serving light, gourmet curries to people on the go. The #FillingTheBlues campaign is a collaboration among Dubai's F&B businesses to provide Iftar every night to 100+ laborers working late shifts during Ramadan at an active construction site next to the Rotana Hotel at Dubai Media City. Each night, workers are treated to something different. Founder Tahir Shah professes: "A lot of us moved here for a better standard of living. However, the shiny malls, beautiful apartments, and parks that we enjoy come at the cost of the standards of living of the workers who built them. I wanted for this campaign to be a gesture to say we know you're there; and for these workers to feel that their sacrifice is not in vain." Tahir recognizes that all businesses have spheres of influence and resources that can be leveraged for a social cause.
Doing well by doing good
Cause marketing should be win-win for both the startup and the cause. Startups should go into the campaign with a clear idea of what they hope to achieve on the marketing front as well as what they hope to achieve for the cause. With this in mind, they should define the metrics they'll use to measure their success and apply these all throughout the campaign, continually adjusting according to the results.
Carpool Arabia aims to double the number of drivers they have by the end of the #RamadanPoolers campaign and to show that sharing is the better way. So far, half of all new users are offering free rides for the #RamadanPoolers campaign.
Melltoo wants to show that even simple actions can make a difference. As Morrad says: "Part of sustainability is also helping the less fortunate that live with us and among us." To date, Melltoo has had over 70K timeline views on Twitter and a 60% week on week increase in the number of ads posted on the app.
Moti Roti has an even more ambitious goal for #FillingTheBlues, as Tahir tells us: "I want this to be a way for us startups and homegrowns to connect and to demonstrate that collaboration is more powerful than competition." Within the first three days of launching the campaign, the entire donation calendar was booked, with at least one restaurant or donor pledging food for 100+ people every night for the month of Ramadan.
Author: Sharene Lee
carpool arabia
moti roti
melltoo


Varathron Reveal New Song "Tenebrous"
Greek black metal pioneers VARATHRON have revealed a new track titled "Tenebrous". The song comes from the band's upcoming album "Patriarchs Of Evil", set to be released on April 27th 2018 via Agonia Records. Listen to "Tenebrous" at: https://youtu.be/1zY1qTbEiXs.


The purpose of this whitepaper is to present to potential participants in the token generating event where the KON-Tokens are issued tofund the Konios project and participate in the Konios platform ("ICO" initial coin offering), the Konios project and KON token in connection with the planned token issue. The following information is not exhaustive and does not imply any elements of a contractual relationship .Their sole purpose is to provide potential token holders with relevant and appropriate information so that they can decide whether they want to conduct a thorough analysis of the Konios project in order to acquire KON-Tokens. It must always be borne in mind that the Konios project is in the development phase and therefore no assurances can be given with regard to any successful implementation.
All documents related to this whitepaper and the ICO, including the contract for the purchase of KON-Tokens, must be carefully studied and understood before participating in the ICO, if necessary with the assistance of appropriate experts. If these are not understood, participation in the ICO must be waived. In particular, participants in the ICO must also read and understand chapter 11 of this whitepaper ("Risks and Rights of ICO Participants").
Nothing in this whitepaper shall be construed as a prospectus of any kind or investment advertising, nor shall it in any way affect an offer or solicitation of an offer to purchase securities in any jurisdiction. This document is not in accordance with and is not subject to a ny laws or regulations intended to protect investors. This whitepaper may not be used in jurisdictions that restrict or prohibit the distribution, publication, availability or use of the whitepaper or any actions based thereon, including, without limitation, the purchase or sale of the KON token. All participants in the ICO must inform themselves independently and comply with the relevant restrictions and prohibitions.
The KON token is a utility token. This Product is not a digital currency, security, commodity or other financial instrument and has not been created or registered under any state's securities laws, including the securities laws of any jurisdiction to which a potential holder of a KON Token is subject.
KON-Tokens cannot be used for purposes other than those listed in the whitepaper.
The KON token only transfers rights that are explicitly mentioned in this whitepaper, and only to the extent that the Konios project can actually be successfully launched. Other rights in any form whatsoever, including but not limited to distribution (including but not limited to profit and dividends), redemption, liquidation, ownership (including all forms of intellectual property) or other financial or other rights, are expressly excluded. There is no legal claim to any bonuses or remunerations for token holders.
Certain statements, estimates and financial information contained in this whitepaper are forward-looking statements or information. Such forward-looking statements or information involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from the estimates or results implied or expressed in such forward-looking statements. They do not represent any kind of assurances. The whitepaper can be modified to provide more detailed information, but there is no obligation to do so. The Konios team assumes no responsibility for such forward-looking statements and information.
and the official German language whitepaper, the provisions of the original German language document shall prevail.
Any liability of the Konios team as well as Konios and its affiliated companies for any damage suffered in connection with this whitepaper or any actions based on it, is excluded to the extent permitted by law.
We would like to thank you for taking the time to study the Konios whitepaper. Our mission is to provide the world's easiest access to the crypto community. There is currently the possibility to obtain cryptocurrencies in exchanges with Fiat money (traditional currency such as Euro, US Dollar or Yen) by bank transfer or credit card via various online platforms. Nevertheless, many people fail to gain a foothold in the crypto community. The required disclosure of personal data, as well as the laborious handling of platforms with time-consuming registrations and the unpredictability of platform operators, present laymen with major and unpopular challenges. In addition to these aggravating conditions, there are often high hidden fees and a necessary cooperation between the respective banks and states. The introduction is often described more simply than it really is in the real implementation. The Konios project puts an end to all these problems.
In order to keep the transactions secure and the fees low, the own blockchain, which validates and registers all transactions and activities locally within the platform, is designed. It serves as a basis for the use of all cryptocurrencies without paying the respective chain fees. The Smart Contracts monitors and checks the transactions and all processes within the platform.
Active users of the platform will benefit from our reward system. This also increases the security of the platform and supports the worldwide acceptance of the exchange procedure. After each transaction, evaluations are given by the exchange partners. The evaluations give an insight into the professional behavior of the exchange partner. The reward and penalty parameters stored in the Smart-Contract sort incorrect behavior and reward the users for their positive contribution.
The Konios Token serves as an access point for using the platform. In order to gain access to an exchange, such as for F2F transactions, the corresponding number of KON-Tokens must be added to the Konios platform. Without this, no service on the Konios platform can beused. The integration of the KON Token into the Konios Blockchain is explained in detail in the "Technical Whitepaper". The "Technical Whitepaper" will be published in the course of May 2018.
The detailed technical specifications for the structure, functions, handling and validation of the Konios Blockchain are specified in detail in the "Technical Whitepaper".
The Konios Blockchain serves Konios in the area of transaction validation, transaction data storage and Smart-Contract handling. In order to connect the multitude of tokens and coins on one platform and to transfer them quickly, securely and decentralized, the step to our own blockchain is indispensable. For the Konios users, who also transfer small amounts of money, the fees for the respective coins are way too high and therefore a large part of humanity is excluded from the crypto market. With the Konios Blockchain we want to not only handle these transactions quickly, but also settle small amounts with minimal fees.
Why is an own blockchain needed?
The currently existing blockchain solutions deal with the problems that arise during their project. Konios has the clear goal of giving all people access to the crypto market with cash, securely and easily. This goal includes security measures, decentralized validation, legal requirements and user-friendly operation. These activities and tasks are specific to the Konios platform. With the own blockchain, the tasks defined in the project framework are integrated into the blockchain programming. The Konios Blockchain serves the purpose of decentralized validation and process handling.
who wants to join the crypto community.
The Konios team establishes a platform that is equally used worldwide and connects people from all cultures, religions and ethnic groups to make the most valuable thing to the simplest thing.
The rethinking requires a lot of preparatory work. The ICO of the Konios platform is intended to catapult implementation into the next sphere. The Konios team offers all potential users, interested parties or participants the opportunity to obtain the Konios Token KON at the ICO. The KON token is based on the decentralized Ethereum market standard "smart contract" ERC20 token.


David's 40! As he would say, everyone is thankful for him this time of year since his birthday is sometimes on Thanksgiving.
In all seriousness, he's an amazing man who leads our family. Happy Birthday, Honey. I respect you!
This entry was posted in home and tagged Birthday, Home. Bookmark the permalink.
Great pictures – and a great man. Every day I thank God,not just for you, but for the way you are willing to be used by Him. Happy Birthday! May God grant you many more.
Wow – Dude you're old! 😉 Great photos! Well said DeAnna. Happy Happy!!
Cute little kid. Handsome man. What? No parrot costume picture?


Background: The objective of this study is to find a correlation between the presence of MSAF in mothers with co- morbidities like PIH and GDM and to study the fetal heart variability in cases with MSAF and the significance of an admission test. This study also throws a light on the perinatal outcomes associated with MSAF.
Methods: 100 women in labor with Meconium stained amniotic fluid were taken in this study. An admission test was done for all patients, along with continuous fetal heart monitoring was done in the presence of MSAF. Effect of thin and thick meconium on fetus was studied. The cases with maternal co-morbidities were closely monitored along with the mode of delivery, Apgar score, birth weight, resuscitation of baby was studied. All the newborns born through meconium stained liquor were followed up to one week of neonatal life.
Results: Out of a total of 100 cases there was 60 cases with thick meconium with a non-reactive NST seen in 65% cases with thick MSAF and 32.5% cases with thin MSAF. 79% of cases with MSAF underwent emergency LSCS. The neonatal complications were more with thick meconium stained liquor accounting to 28.3% incidence of MAS, 23.3% of sepsis, 3.3%of pneumonitis and 21.7% of birth asphyxia.
Conclusions: This study ascertained the need for an admission test and continuous CTG monitoring in cases detected to have meconium stained amniotic fluid. Co-morbidities like GDM did have a small role to play though the incidence was not very high. The neonatal complications were more common among cases with thick meconium stained liquor and probably the use of procedures like amnioinfusion can bring down the incidence of perinatal morbidity along with the rate of caesarean sections.


A Lightweight Plate Carrier System designed to protect the user whilst being as low profile and compact as possible. The Vest is constructed from 600D Polyester and features Polymer Mock Ballistic Plate Inserts.
The vest is fully adjustable via multiple points, with the side straps having slide adjusting buckles and the shoulders being adjusted by velcro. the super compact size of this plate carrier allows for full equipment loadouts without compromise and is also perfect for vehicle work with it not having any side panels. The Vest features Front and Rear MOLLE allowing the user to customize it to different specifications, allowing the rig to be changed at will to support different loadout or for different scenarios. The front of the Plate Carrier features a removable One Piece Triple M4 / STANAG Magazine Pouch, allowing up to 3 STANAG magazines, this panel also features MOLLE meaning further pouches could be stacked increasing magazine capacity. This plate carrier is perfect for players that want a super small plate carrier but keep all the features so for any player looking for a high speed low drag plate carrier look no further.


Matilda's Own Products. 8" Dresden Templates used for patchwork and quilting Each pack contains 2 x 8" template pieces; 18 degress and 22.5 degrees.
Matilda's Own Products. The Quarter Hexagon Precut Set is a patchwork template set, useful with 2.5" strips, 5" squares and 10" squares.


text:
Q: ggplot2- geom_linerange with stat_smooth Oh wise ones:  I've got a question about the use of geom_linerange(), attached is what I hope is a workable example to illustrate my problem.
b=c(100,110,90,100,120,130,170,150,150,120,140,150,120,90,90,100,40,50,40,40,20,60,30)
test<-data.frame(a=c(2,2,2,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,10,10,10,10),
                 b=b,c=c(b-15))

testMelt <- melt(
  test,
  id       = c("a"),
  measured = c("b", "c")
  )

p <- ggplot(
  aes(
    x    = factor(a),
    y    = value,
    fill= variable
    ),
   data  = testMelt) +
    geom_boxplot() +
          stat_smooth(aes(group=variable,x=factor(a),y=value,fill=factor(variable)),data=testMelt)

My actual dataset is much larger, and the boxplots are a bit overwhelming.  I think what I want is to use geom_linerange() somehow to show the range of the data, at "b" and "c", at each value of "a".
The best I've come up with is:
p<- p+ geom_linerange(aes(as.factor(a),ymin=min(value),ymax=value,color=variable))

I can assume the "c" values are always equal to or less than "b", but if the range is smaller, this "covers it up".  Can I jitter the lines somehow?  Is there a better solution?

A: In your geom_linerange call, add an additional argument position=position_dodge(width=0.3). You can adjust the absolute width to change the separation between the vertical lines.

A: My understanding of the question is that you want the line range to reflect the range for the combination a:b:c.
geom_linerange(aes(as.factor(a),ymin=min(value),ymax=value,color=variable)) will set the minimum value to the whole-dataset minimum (hence all the lines appear with the same minimum value.
A couple of solutions.
Calculate the minima and maxima yourself
test_range <- ddply(testMelt, .(a,variable), summarize,
                    val_min = min(value), val_max = max(value))

then run
 ggplot(data  = testMelt) +
    geom_boxplot(aes(x = factor(a), y = value, fill = variable)) +
    stat_smooth(aes(group = variable, x = factor(a), y = value,
                    fill = factor(variable))) +
     geom_linerange(data = test_range, aes(x = as.factor(a), ymin = val_min,
                    ymax = val_max, color = variable),
                    position = position_dodge(width = 0.3))

Or, for an alternative to boxplots / line range use a violin plot.
ggplot(data  = testMelt) +
    geom_violin(aes(x = factor(a), y = value, fill = variable)) +
    stat_smooth(aes(group = variable, x = factor(a), y = value,
                    fill = factor(variable)))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Methods. Nineteen SCP volunteers attended two experimental sessions, SM and control in random order. SEPs from 62-channel EEG cap were recorded following median nerve stimulation (1000 stimuli at 2.3 Hz) before and after either intervention. Peak-to-peak amplitude and latency analysis was completed for different SEPs peak. Dipolar models of underlying brain sources were built by using the brain electrical source analysis. Twoway repeated measures ANOVA was used to assessed differences in N30 amplitudes, dipole locations, and dipole strengths.
Results. SM decreased the N30 amplitude by 16.9 ± 31.3% (푃 = 0.02), while no differences were seen following the control intervention (푃 = 0.4). Brain source modeling revealed a 4-source model but only the prefrontal source showed reduced activity by 20.2 ± 12.2% (푃 = 0.03) following SM.
Conclusion. A single session of spinal manipulation of dysfunctional segments in subclinical pain patients alters somatosensory processing at the cortical level, particularly within the prefrontal cortex.
Copyright © 2016 Dina Lelic et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Choose ONE of the issues discussed in this subject (please see list below). Research and analyse how the issue is being addressed either in the schooling sector in Australia, or in the workplace related to education.
Kupit-diplomy.com is a freelance platform where you can order a Current Issues in Education major essay paper, written from scratch by professors and tutors.


text:
ESN Portugal
What is ESN?
Erasmus National Meeting
National Platforms and Trainings
Welcome to Portugal
Volunteer in ESN
ESNcard
Get your ESNcard
ESNcard.org
COVID-19 - Almost 90% of the patients are in the Household
Of the 4268 confirmed cases of COVID-19 IN Portugal, 89% can be found in their own household, stated the Secretary of Health, António Lacerda Sales, this Friday, in the press conference of data updating regarding the pandemic. According to the last epidemiological report, the country has 354 cases of hospitalisation, of which 71 are in intensive care, 76 deaths associated with the infection of the new coronavirus and 43 recoveries.
In this phase of the pandemic, stressed António Lacerda Sales, "our biggest weapon is still social distancing". "This is not a time for complacency, it's time for resilience, of resistance, of not letting anxiety and fear take over us", he said, highlighting that the elder is the most exposed population to the mortality of this virus and, for that, they must be protected. "The more we reduce the outbreaks of infection, the more we're protecting this more vulnerable population".
The general director of Health reinforced the necessity of prevention, that starts with the individual's measures, like social distancing and it expands to the partners of the social and private sectors. "Society has to organise itself to avoid the contact between people", said Graça Freitas.
In the nursing homes, suggested the general director, a preventive measure can be "to unfold the population of the nursing home into two institutions", before a case appears. "This leads to a different density of people within that nursing home, which allows to a bigger social distancing", she explained. Graça Freitas reminded that "any mild to moderate patient shouldn't be brought into a hospital" unless there's an escalation of their health condition.
Regarding the curve of the disease, the general director said that "there's a tendency for slowing down the speed with which is going up and, with that said, the peak will differ in time". According to the predictions existent at the moment, "it won't be before the month of May". However, she noted, "it won't really be a peak, but more of a plateau", that can extend itself for days or weeks.
António Sales reminded that the 4500 doctors that answered the call to reinforce the SNS will allow for a "better balance between the periods of work and rest. Still, regarding the reinforcement of means, the secretary of Health stated that today arrived 4.6 million surgical masks, being expected the acquisition of other protective equipment. The same happens regarding the reinforcement of respirators, that will start arriving next week.
When questioned about the mental health of the Portuguese, António Sales recognised that "it's natural that situations of depression, anxiety and fear will increase". For this reason, he referred, there were already activated plans in the northern areas and Alentejo, predicting the expansion to the rest of the country. Besides that, he reminded, "that the phone line SNS24 also has a psychosocial component".
Check the original Portuguese post - here.
Erasmus Student Network (ESN) is a non-profit international student organisation. Our mission is to represent international students, thus provide opportunities for cultural understanding and self-development under the principle of Students Helping Students.
About ESN Portugal
Portuguese branch of the Erasmus Student Network also known as ESN PT.
Praça Gomes Teixeira
Reitoria da Universidade do Porto
Access Admin Drupal
The ESN Satellite is made by the IT committee of ESN International


Whispers in the Loggia: On the "Pastor Angelicus"
On his part, Saint Peter in the pericope that was proposed to us, turning to the Christians of the communities of Asia Minor who "bear all sorts of trials", goes beyond this: he asks them to feel, despite all this, "great joy" (1 Pet 1:6). Proof is in fact necessary, he observes, "so that the worth of your faith, more valuable than gold, which is perishable even if it has been tested by fire, may be proved -- to your praise and honour when Jesus Christ is revealed" (1 Pet 1:7). And then, for the second time, he exhorts them to be joyous, rather exult "with a joy so glorious that it cannot be described" (see 1:8). The profound reason of this spiritual joy is the love for Jesus and the certainty of His invisible presence. He makes the believers' faith and hope unshakeable, even when faced with the most complicated and harsh events of existence.
In the light of these Biblical texts we can read about the earthly life of Pope Pacelli and his lengthy service to the Church, which began in 1901 under Leo XIII and continued with Saint Pius X, Benedict XV and Pius XI. These Biblical texts help us, above all, to understand which was the source he drew from for his courage and patience in his pontifical ministry, during the troubled years of World War II and the following ones, no less complex, of reconstruction and difficult international relationship of history called "the Cold War".
"Miserere mei Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam tuam": with this invocation from Psalm 50(51), Pius XII began his testament. And he continued: "These words,conscious of being unworthy and unequal, which I pronounced the moment I gave, trembling, my acceptance of the election as Supreme Pontiff, with greater conviction I repeat now". This was two years before his death. To abandon oneself in the hands of the merciful God: this was the attitude my veneerable Predecessor constantly cultivated, the last of the Popes born in Rome and belonging to a family tied to the Holy See for many years.
In Germany, where he was the Apostolic Nuncio, first in Munich of Bavaria and then in Berlin until 1929, he left behind grateful memories, especially for having collaborated with Benedict XV in the attempt to stop the "useless slaughter" of the Great War, and for having realized from the beginning the danger of the monstrous Nazi-Socialist ideology with its pernicious anti-Semitic and anti-Catholic root. He was created a Cardinal in December 1929, and shortly after became the Secretary of State. For nine years he was a faithful collaborator of Pius XI, in a time marked by totalitarianism: Fascist, Nazi and Soviet Communism, all condemned by the Encyclicals Non abbiamo bisogno, Mit Brennenbder Sorge and Divini Redemptoris.
"Whoever listens to my words, and believes in the one who sent me, has eternal life" (Jn 5:24). This assurance made by Jesus, which we have heard in the Gospel, makes us think back to the hardest moments of the Pontificate of Pius XII when, realizing the loss of any human security, he felt the need, even through constant ascetic effort, to belong to Christ, the only certainty that never sets. The Word of God thus becomes the light of his path, a path in which Pope Pacelli had to comfort the homeless and persecuted persons, dry the tears of suffering and the crying of so many victims of the war. Only Christ is the true hope of man; only entrusting the human heart to Him can it open up to love that overcomes hate. This knowledge followed Pius XII in his ministry as the Successor of Peter, a ministry that began when the menacing clouds of a new world conflict grew over Europe and the rest of the world, which he tried to avoid in all ways: He called out in his message on the radio on August 24 1939: The danger is imminent, but there is still time. Nothing is lost with peace. Everything can be lost with war". (AAS, XXXI, 1939, p. 334).
Unfortunately, the historical debate on the figure of the Servant of God Pius XII, which has not always been the calmest, has prevented us shining a light on all the aspects of his multifaceted Pontificate. There was a great multitude of speeches, addresses and messages delivered to scientists, doctors, and representatives of the most varied categories of workers, some of which even today still possess an extraordinary relevance and continue to be a concrete point of reference. Paul VI, who was his faithful collaborator for many years, described him as an erudite man, an attentive scholar, open to modern means of research and culture, with an ever-strong and coherent fidelity both to the principles of human reasoning, as well as to the intangible depository of the truth of faith. He considered him a precursor of Vatican Council II (cf Angelus of 10 March 1974). From this point of view, many of his writings deserve to be remembered, but I will limit myself to quoting from only a few. With the Encyclical Mystici Corporis, published on 29 June 1943, while war still raged, he described the spiritual and visible relationships that unite men to the Word Incarnate, and he proposed integrating into this point of view all the principle themes of ecclesiology, offering for the first time a dogmatic and theological synthesis that would provide the basis for the Conciliar Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium.
A few months later, on 20 September 1943, with the Encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu he laid down the doctrinal norms for the study of Sacred Scripture, highlighting its importance and role in Christian life. This is a document that bears witness to a great opening to scientific research on the Biblical texts. How can we not remember this Encyclical, during the course of the work of this Synod that has as its own theme "The Word of God in the Life and the Mission of the Church"? It is to the prophetic intuition of Pius XII that we owe the launch of a serious study of the characteristics of ancient historiography, in order to better understand the nature of the sacred books, without weakening or negating their historical value. The deeper study of the "literary genres", whose intention is to better understand what the sacred author meant, was viewed with a certain suspicion prior to 1943, in part thanks to the abuse that had been made of it. The Encyclical recognized that it could be applied correctly, declaring its use legitimate not only for the study of the Old Testament, but also the New. "In the present day indeed this art - explained the Pope - which is called textual criticism and which is used with great and praiseworthy results in the editions of profane writings, is also quite rightly employed in the case of the Sacred Books, because of that very reverence which is due to the Divine Oracles". And he added: "For its very purpose is to insure that the sacred text be restored, as perfectly as possible, be purified from the corruptions due to the carelessness of the copyists and be freed, as far as may be done, from glosses and omissions, from the interchange and repetition of words and from all other kinds of mistakes, which are wont to make their way gradually into writings handed down through many centuries" (AAS, XXXV, 1943, p 336).
The third Encyclical I would like to mention is Mediator Dei, dedicated to the liturgy, published 20 November 1947. With this document, the Servant of God provided an impulse to the liturgical movement, insisting that "the chief element of divine worship must be interior. For - he writes - we must always live in Christ and give ourselves to Him completely, so that in Him, with Him and through Him the heavenly Father may be duly glorified. The sacred liturgy requires, however, that both of these elements be intimately linked with each another... Otherwise religion clearly amounts to mere formalism, without meaning and without content". We cannot do other then than acknowledge the notable impulse this Pontiff gave to the Church's missionary activity with the Encyclicals Evangelii praecones (1951) and Fidei donum (1957), that highlighted the duty of every community to announce the Gospel to the peoples, as Vatican II would go on to do with courageous strength. Pope Pacelli had already shown this love for the missions from the outset of his Pontificate when in October 1939 he had wanted to consecrate personally twelve bishops from mission countries, including an Indian, a Chinese and a Japanese, the first African bishop and the first bishop of Madagascar. One of his constant pastoral concerns, finally, was the promotion of the role of lay people so that the ecclesial community could make use of all its possible energy and resources. For this too the Church and the world are grateful to him.
Dear brothers and sisters, while we pray that the cause of beatification of the Servant of God Pius XII may continue smoothly, it is good to remember that sanctity was his ideal, an ideal he never failed to propose to everyone. This is why he promoted the causes of beatification and canonization for persons from different peoples, representatives of all states of life, roles and professions, and granted substantial space to women. And it was Mary, the Woman of salvation, whom he offered to humanity as a sign of certain hope, proclaiming the dogma of the Assumption, during the Holy Year of 1950. In this world of ours, which, like then, is assailed by worries and anguish about its future; in this world where, perhaps more than then, the distancing of many from truth and virtue allows us to glimpse scenarios without hope, Pius XII invites us to look to Mary assumed into the glory of Heaven. He invites us to invoke her faithfully, so that she will allow us to appreciate ever more the value of life on earth and help us to look to the true aim that is the destiny of all of us: that eternal life that, as Jesus assures us, already belongs to those who hear and follow his word. Amen!


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Suffolk Vale, New South Wales, Australia
Suffolk Vale is a homestead and locality seven miles to the northeast of Boorowa in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales. It is the area east of the Boorowa River adjacent to the Narrawa Road and the Gunnary-Frogmore Road running north from the Narrawa Road. Gunnary Creek runs through the area to join the Boorowa River. Suffolk Vale is 208 miles (335 km) southwest of Sydney, and 74 miles (119 km) north of Canberra. Its location is 34°22'0''S 148°46'59''E.
Population:- Suffolk Vale is classed as a community. It has a very small scattered population. There was a total of 76 people in the 2016 Census for "Godfreys Creek", which covers Suffolk Vale. In 2016 the nearby town of Boorowa had a population of 1,227.
By road: From Sydney, take Metroad 1, then Metroad 5, before heading south & west on Hume Hwy/National Highway 31. Near Yass, turn right onto Lachlan Valley Way/State Route 81 towards Boorowa. At Boorowa, take the Narrawa Road towards Rugby and Frogmore. Just before the Gunnary-Frogmore Road junction, take a left turn down a farm track towards Suffolk Vale Farm. If you go up the Gunnary-Frogmore Road the tracks off to the left lead to various parts of the Suffolk Vale community, including Newhaven Park stud farm.
Alternatively, leave National Highway 31 at Goulburn, take Crookwell Road north until you reach Crookwell, then take Narrawa Road & arrive at Suffolk Vale from the north east.
From Canberra, head north on Barton Hwy/National Highway 25. At Yass, join Hume Hwy/National Highway 31 & then follow directions to Boorowa as above.
By rail: There is no rail service today. Boorowa got a branch line from the main line at Galong in 1914, but passenger trains ceased to run in 1974 and the line, then used for wheat shipments, closed in 1987.
Canberra International Airport is around 80 miles away by road to the south, whilst Sydney International Airport is approximately 200 miles away to the east.
Time Zone: Australian Eastern Standard Time (GMT +10 hrs). Daylight saving time in summer + 1hr.
Early Settlement & Derivation of Name
Suffolk Vale – 'Rivers of Carbon' Project
Boorowa, Boorowa Shire & King County
The area was originally inhabited by the nomadic Wiradjuri aborigines, but by 1851 there were only 300 left. Most of the original inhabitants died from the diseases brought by European settlers.
Early grants around Burrowa (the 19th century spelling of Boorowa) were made to James Hassall in 1827, and the Hassall family soon had extensive landholdings throughout the district, becoming the leading family there. The first Europeans to arrive in the area where Suffolk Vale is located settled along the Gunnary Creek where there was water readily available. One of the earliest was Henry Castles from Berkshire, England, who arrived in Sydney in 1818. He married an Ann Murray in 1835, and that year Henry and Ann Castles moved from Sydney and settled at Gunnary Creek. In 1852 Henry died, leaving his widow to look after four young children. The families of Hassall and Castles were indirectly instrumental in the founding of Suffolk Vale by Thomas Wilding.
John Thomas Peter Wilding (always known as Thomas Wilding) was born in 1813 at Lavenham, Suffolk, England. He was sentenced to 14 years after being convicted of wounding three horses and one cow, and transported to Australia on the ship "Lloyds" in July 1836. On arrival at Sydney in 1837 he was assigned to Robert Campbell at Wingello, east of Goulburn. Thus Thomas Wilding began his career as a grazier, and continued to do so after June 1845 when he was given his "Ticket of Leave". This was a parole document issued to convicts who had shown they could now be trusted with some freedoms. Once granted, a convict was permitted to seek employment within a specified district, but could not leave the district without the permission of the resident magistrate. Robert Campbell had married Ann Hassall from Burrowa, and in 1850 they moved back to that district where Ann's family were the leading landowners. It seems that Thomas Wilding went with them. He gained his Certificate of Freedom the same year, and he probably continued working for Robert Campbell on his homestead which was on land west of the Burrowa River. It was because of this Hassall connection that Thomas Wilding arrived in the area.
In 1852 Thomas Wilding went to work for the recently widowed Ann Castles at her place on Gunnary Creek which was east of the Burrowa River. With four young children to raise, it came as no surprise that Ann Castles found herself a husband in Thomas Wilding, and they married in 1855. Ann died in 1860 and from that year the "Wilding Paddock" or "Wilding Station" at Gunnary Creek is recorded. We next hear of Thomas Wilding in 1862 when he married Susannah Hitchen, a young 18 year old from his old haunt of Wingello. Over the following 20 years they were to have nine children.
The next event at Wilding Station was widely reported in the NSW press. On the evening of 22 September 1863 two bushrangers, James Murphy (better known as Jemmy Blackguard) and Frederick Phillips , came to the homestead, collected together at gunpoint the six men and three women of the station, and proceeded to rob the settlement of what it had. Thomas Wilding was tied up whilst this was going on but managed to free himself. Meanwhile, the bushrangers had found a bottle of rum and were soon the worse for wear. This enabled Thomas and his overseer, Jones, to overpower the two. In the struggle, Jones smashed Murphy over the skull which killed him. Since "Jemmy Blackguard" had been subjecting the territory to his activities for seven or eight years, his passing was not regretted, and the coroner's jury returned a verdict of justifiable homicide.
The first record of "Suffolk Vale" occurs in September 1873 when a Catholic school was established at Gunnary "near to Suffolk Vale". From this time onwards there are reports of people being born and living at Suffolk Vale. It appears that Thomas Wilding probably built the present homestead to the south of Gunnary Creek in about 1869 and named it after his home county in England. The original "Wilding Station" was the stone building at Gunnary Creek that Henry Castles had built. In 1863 his son, Henry John Castles, married and moved away from the area, leaving Tom Wilding in possession. However, the son remained the legal owner, having inherited the property, and it is known that in 1869 he was back living with his family in that building.
Thomas Wilding and members of his family held a number of plots mainly just south of Gunnary Creek and down to the Burrowa River, although a few plots were held north of the creek. Other graziers held neighbouring plots and there was much intermingling of properties. There seems to have been competition over land, and there are stories in the newspapers of the day of the burning of hay and destruction of property with neighbours accusing each other. The main occupation of the grazier in the Southern Tablelands is farming sheep. However, Thomas Wilding was obviously not as competitive as his neighbours since in April 1886 he was declared insolvent and was forced to sell his homestead. His property was sold to the more successful neighbouring Alston family. Nevertheless, by this time the name of Suffolk Vale had become entrenched in this part of the Burrowa district. Thomas Wilding died in May 1889 at Burrowa.
The merging of various landholdings into Suffolk Vale Farm continued into the 20th century under new ownership. In the 1920s and 1930s James Barnes built up the farm as part of his flourishing meat-packing business. Although it was mainly sheep farming at Suffolk Vale, another interest of James Barnes would establish itself of importance in the district. This was the breeding of thoroughbred horses. Horse racing had been part of Burrowa sporting life since 1842. The lush pastures and rolling hills were ideal habitats for raising horses. However, it was the Kelly family not James Barnes that brought the breeding of thoroughbreds to its height.
In 1920 the Kelly family bought part of the Suffolk Vale farm north of Gunnary Creek and established their now famous Newhaven Park stud farm there. In 1945 the family business became a fully-fledged thoroughbred venture, and Suffolk Vale Pty Ltd is recognised as one of the leading breeders in the southern hemisphere with a number of sprinting champions to its credit. It continues today and is now run by the fourth generation Kelly family.
The original Suffolk Vale Farm south of Gunnary Creek continued to flourish with notable owners in James Barnes and Nick Burton Taylor, both holding senior positions in the agricultural societies of Australia. In October 2009 Nick Taylor sold the farm of 2,185 hectares (5,400 acres) for in excess of $A 7 million to London-based MH Premium Farms. This is the trading name of the agricultural investment entity in A ustralia of the Michael Hintze Pension Fund, the beneficiary of which is the Hintze family. Sir Michael Hintze AM* is an Australian resident in the United Kingdom. His grandparents fled from Russia after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution and he was actually born in China. His refugee parents came to Australia and Michael Hintze was brought up in Sydney.
* AM = Order of Australia
He is the founder of CQS Management, a London-based hedge fund with assets of $US 10.5 billion. MH Premium Farms has acquired a diverse portfolio of properties in New South Wales. These are long term investments and all properties acquired are being developed and improved with careful attention to sustainable production practices and environmental responsibility (see Suffolk Vale - 'Rivers of Carbon' Project, below).
Suffolk Vale remains a mixed farm with sheep and cattle, but sheep farming continues to be its mainstay.
Although still a small community, there was sufficient population at Suffolk Vale to justify a rural school. On the road between Frogmore and Boorowa is a boulder with a bronze plaque attached. This indicates the site of the now vanished Suffolk Vale Public School that functioned here in the 1930s and 1940s.
The 'Rivers of Carbon' project is an initiative based in the southern tablelands of New South Wales. The aim is to create "living corridors of riparian vegetation", i.e. the area of interface between the land and a river, by restoring this zone to its natural state. The trees, shrubs and reeds along the riverbanks stop erosion, filter and trap sediment, and ultimately provide habitats so that the native animals of Australia can thrive. This project is supported by the Australian River Restoration Centre through funding from the Australian Government's Biodiversity Fund which encourages "carbon farming". Since 2009 this latter concept has begun to develop in Australia, and Suffolk Vale is among the early pioneers. For the landowners, the project will provide multiple benefits, including future tradeable carbon credits, agricultural productivity, biodiversity and healthier rivers. Credits can be awarded to companies which take action to measurably reduce carbon emissions, e.g. by planting trees; reduce by a certain amount, and you get a carbon credit. This can then be traded on the international market and sold to an industrial producer so that he can increase his emissions quota by that amount of credit.
MH Premium Farms decided to become involved in the 'Rivers of Carbon' project be cause they felt they had a responsibility to be proactive about managing the environment and protecting their on-farm resources. Accordingly, a five kilometre stretch of the Boorowa River which runs through Suffolk Vale has been fenced off and will be revegetated. The river corridor has been fenced wide enough to prevent the fence being lost if the river floods, and it has been erected according to the contours of the land to remove any artificial man-made obstructions (see photograph right). This will enable the natural regeneration of reeds, shrubs, grasses and trees. The project provides alternative water sources for livestock, and troughs are installed, along with lengths of poly pipe so that the river water can be accessed. Farm manager Allan Munns points out that "It fits with our production goals of reducing labour costs and improving stock management. Fencing off creeks and riparian areas has provided significant cost savings in running our farms. The stock losses were time consuming and these days you don't have the labour to be always fixing flood gates or getting stock back from neighbouring properties or across the river."
Boorowa is situated on the Boorowa River, a tributary of the Lachlan, and it lies among rich volcanic soil surrounded by rolling hills. The name Burrowa, by which the region was known by the aborigines, is their word for the native bird, the Plains Turkey. The last remnants of the local Wiradjuri tribes were herded onto government reserves around 1851.
The first European to travel through what is now Boorowa Shire was surveyor George Evans in 1815. Unofficial occupation of the district began in 1821 with Irishmen Rodger Corcoran and Ned Ryan, both former convicts who had received their 'ticket of leave' from the Governor. The first land grants along the Burrowa River were issued in 1827 and 1828 to James Hassall and William Broughton respectively. Both families soon had extensive landholdings or "squattings" in the district, and many of their employees also gained early holdings. The term "squatter" was applied to those who occupied Crown land under a lease or licence and grazed livestock on a large scale. These early settlers formed a "squattocracy", made up of families who knew each other, and who often intermarried, and through these means greatly extended their grants.
These holdings grew rapidly in the Burrowa district and within a few years many had become large pastoral holdings, grazing cattle and sheep. However, Burrowa flourished mainly as a prime sheep grazing area – by 1850 shipping wool and meat to world markets. This heritage is still celebrated today in the annual "running of the sheep" through the main street.
A mill was operating on the future site of the town of Boorowa by 1837 along with an inn and several houses. However, there was yet no commercial settlement in the district. Governor Gipps proposed the creation of a village named 'Burrowa' in 1842, to be located 9 km north-e ast of the present location. However, that spot proved unsuitable and the village was established on its present site in 1843 around a main crossing of the Burrowa River. In 1850 Burrowa was surveyed and officially established. This allowed the first allotment of plots to be auctioned in 1851 so that commercial businesses could be established to serve the surrounding farms. The early years saw much lawlessness as a result of long running boundary disputes, theft of livestock and arson, and even murders. Bushrangers roamed the surrounding remote land, making raids into the town and on stations of the district, as evidenced by the incident at Wilding's Station in 1863 (see above).
It was not until the railway arrived that the spelling of Burrowa was changed. On 2 February 1915 the railway station was commissioned under the name of Boorowa, and this now became the official designation of the community. Anzac War Memorial, Boorowa
Boorowa is the birthplace of jazz multi-instrumentalist James Morrison (b 1962), best known for his trumpet playing. His recording career began in 1984 with his brother John in The Morrison Brothers Big Bad Band. He composed and performed the opening fanfare at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
Boorowa Shire: In 1888 Burrowa became a municipality. In 1906 the country surrounding Burrowa was made into Murrungal Shire which was named after a local hill. In 1944 the municipal council was incorporated into Murrungal Shire to form Boorowa Shire. Boorowa is the only town in the Shire, and there are only four small villages of Rye Park, Rugby, Frogmore and Reids Flat. The remainder of the population is to be found in isolated homesteads that form 22 officially recognised communities, including Suffolk Vale. On 12 May 2016, Boorowa Shire was abolished and merged with the Harden and Young shires to establish the Hilltops Council.
King County: Historically, Suffolk Vale was in King County; one of the original nineteen counties in New South Wales, which was was named in honour of Governor Philip Gidley King (1758-1808). Today the counties of New South Wales have little official function other than for land titles and geographic surveying.


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Home >Politics >Policy >Solar dispute: US hardens stand against India at WTO
India's request for the compliance panel came after the US announced trade retaliatory measures against New Delhi in December. Photo: AFP
Solar dispute: US hardens stand against India at WTO
3 min read . Updated: 12 Feb 2018, 12:10 AM IST D. Ravi Kanth
Washington blocks New Delhi's request for establishing a WTO compliance panel
Geneva: The US on Friday ratcheted up pressure on India, blocking a request from New Delhi that calls for allowing a World Trade Organization (WTO) compliance panel to determine whether India has removed the mandatory domestic content requirements and other restrictive measures imposed on imported solar cells and solar modules, according to people familiar with the development.
On 23 January, India filed a first-time request for establishing what is called a WTO compliance panel to determine whether its measures to do away with the illegal domestic content requirements are in line with the rulings and recommendations issued by the trade body. India's request for the compliance panel came after the US announced trade retaliatory measures against New Delhi in the solar dispute on 20 December 2017 without ascertaining whether India has removed all the restrictive measures on the imported solar cells and solar modules.
At a dispute settlement body meeting on Friday, India said it "considers that in the event of any disagreement between the parties with respect to the existence or consistency with a covered agreement of measures taken to comply with the recommendations and rulings (of the WTO), the logical course of action is to first have recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU," according to a person who asked not to be identified.
India said "since it has brought itself into full compliance with its WTO obligations and the United States appears to disagree, India's compliance needs to be evaluated by a panel under (Article) 21.5 of the DSU (dispute settlement understanding)."
It is the second time India made a request to evaluate its compliance measures in trade disputes launched by the US against India. Earlier, New Delhi had sought a compliance panel to determine whether it fully complied with the trade body's rulings and recommendations in the avian flu trade dispute involving the import of American chicken and chicken products. The US sought to impose trade retaliatory measures worth more than $400 million without checking whether India has complied with the trade body's ruling.
Significantly, the US adopted a similar course in the face of trade retaliatory measures announced by Mexico after due process in a trade dispute involving restrictive measures imposed on tuna products from Mexico, said a trade analyst on condition of anonymity.
India said it remains "confident" that the steps taken by India in the solar dispute "will lay to rest any doubts regarding India's compliance with the recommendations and rulings of the DSB" and thereby negate the need for the US retaliatory measures.
In a sharp response, the US said "our view has not changed" about India's alleged failure to implement the DSB's recommendations, suggesting that India failed to provide evidence to substantiate its claim that it "no longer enters into any (power purchasing agreements under the Jawaharlal Nehru solar mission)." The US said it "does not understand how India can claim compliance while it continues applying these WTO-inconsistent DCR (domestic content requirement) measures."
Consequently, the US said it reserves the request for imposing trade retaliatory measures in the solar dispute against India, and "cannot agree to the establishment of a compliance panel" as demanded by India. The US, however, will not be able to prevent the setting up of a compliance panel if India presses with a second request at the next dispute settlement body meeting later this month.
India holds the cards against the US as New Delhi's trade dispute against the billions of dollars in subsidies and domestic content requirements provided by eight American states to the renewable energy sector, particularly for solar items, is yet to be decided by the WTO.
India said the domestic content requirements and subsidies of Washington, California, Montana, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Michigan, Delaware and Minnesota for renewable energy violated core provisions of global trade rules. The panel to adjudicate India's claims is yet to be established.
Also, the US's postures on the solar dispute against India have come at a time when US President Donald Trump has imposed safeguard duties on solar cells by resorting to an old American law. South Korea, China and Singapore called upon the US to discuss compensation measures for the damage caused to their trade in solar cells.