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Business in Thornton
Economic development, retail operations, and commercial and residential building all work as a single entity here in Thornton.
Businesses in Thornton
There is a tremendous amount of opportunity within the City of Thornton for existing businesses to thrive and grow. Our elected officials and City staff dedicate a substantial amount of our efforts to creating an atmosphere that provides businesses located in Thornton with every possible advantage.
Starting a business? Licensing is an important step toward doing business in the city. This page presents licensing information and all of the forms needed to get started in one place. All persons engaged in business in the City are required to have a City Sales and Use Tax Business License.
Contracts & Purchasing
Information on the city's Contracting and Purchasing processes, how to obtain solicitation documents, and more.
Construction Use Tax
Contractors working in the City are subject to use tax on the materials and equipment used to complete the work.
The City of Thornton maintains an economic development website, including business listings, development news, business resources, Thornton Development Authority information, etc.
File Tax Return/Forms
Save time and file and pay your sales and use tax return online.
The City of Thornton Revenue Division collects sales tax, use tax, lodging tax, telephone tax, E-911 fees, franchise fees, PEG fees, and pawnbroker surcharge fees. These funds are essential to providing services that make the city a vital, business and family-friendly place to live.
Visit Economic Development's website (opens in a new tab)
City of Thornton Services
It's the behind-the-scenes services that keep our lives running smoothly. So whether it's making sure clean water flows out of your tap, collecting your curbside trash and recyclables, issuing a building permit, or any number of other city services, you'll find the information you need here.
Americans with Disabilities Act contact information, ADA grievance information and ADA notice.
The Thornton Animal Control unit currently consists of four full-time officers who are available between the hours of 8 a.m. and 5 p.m., seven days a week, including all holidays.
Building Permits/Inspections
The Building Inspection Division is responsible for the Plan Review, Permit Issuance and Inspection of new construction projects and remodel of existing structures in the City of Thornton.
The city has adopted codes (or standards) that govern the use and maintenance of private property in order to ensure that property across the community is maintained to the same standard.
Construction/General Permits
The City of Thornton requires licensing for all contractors involved in the construction, alteration, remodeling, repairing and equipping of buildings and structures; installation of underground utilities; construction of roads and streets and construction of all City-owned water, sewer, and storm drainage facilities.
Electric & Gas Utility
Depending on your location, electric and gas services are provided to residents of Thornton by Xcel Energy or United Power. This information should be on your electric or gas utility bill.
Maps & Open Data
Mapping information and data analysis involving the City's Geographic Information Systems (GIS) used to assist City staff in making informed decisions about our community.
In the event of any snowstorm, the city's first commitment is to clear the primary routes, then secondary routes – and keep them clear. In the case of a Class III storm (and only in this case) the city will plow all residential streets.
The Cone Zone
The Cone Zone provides information regarding lane closures and detours impacting the City of Thornton.
The city is committed to providing a safe and efficient transportation system for all road users.
The Environmental Services Team provides curbside trash and recycling collection services to over 29,000 homes in the City, as well as a number of other collection services for our citizens.
The City Clerk's Office is a U.S. Department of State designated Passport Application Acceptance Facility. U.S. citizens planning international travel may apply for passports at the office, located at City Hall, 9500 Civic Center Drive, Second Floor. Passport applications are accepted by appointment only.
The City of Thornton provides water, sewer, and trash services to its citizens. One or more of these services are reflected in your bill each month.
Thornton is committed to providing dependable and sustainable water resources for our customers to enjoy…now and into the future. Thornton is proud to provide quality water services, from the protection of source water, delivery of safe drinking water, wastewater collection and stormwater management and protection.
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Perfect Holiday Gift
Thornton Cares
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About Thornton
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City Organization Chart
Apply for a Building Inspection
Call Non-Emergency: 720-977-5150
Thornton's Public Safety
The City of Thornton has a commitment to keep our community a safe, secure, and healthy place to live, work, and raise a family. The Police and Fire Departments and City Court system are key components of that commitment.
CodeRed Emergency Alerts
Sign up to be notified via phone or email by your local emergency response team in the event of emergency situations or critical community alerts.
The Thornton Office of Emergency Management plans, coordinates and supports activities to reduce community vulnerability by preparing for, responding to, recovering from, and mitigating impacts to natural and man-made disasters and large-scale emergencies.
The City of Thornton maintains a full-service Fire Department with six 24-hour fire stations. Each fire response crew consists of a station officer, firefighter/engineer, and firefighter/paramedic.
Home & Business Security Cam Registry
The Thornton Police Department, in an on-going partnership with residents and businesses, now has a voluntary security camera sharing program.
The Thornton Police Department is led by Chief of Police Terrence Gordon and operates under the three divisions: Patrol, Administration, and Detectives, each of which is led by a Deputy Chief.
By joining the Thornton Police Department, you are choosing to be part of an exciting profession that delivers unparalleled job satisfaction.
The City of Thornton has a commitment to keep our community a safe, secure, and healthy place to live, work, and raise a family.
Through the TPD Online Reporting System, you can report non-violent crimes such as damaged property, lost property, theft, forgery, identity theft or theft from a vehicle and should only be reported if the crime is not an emergency, is not traffic related, occurred within Thornton city limits, there are no known suspects, is not a violent crime and no physical evidence was left by the suspect.
Call Non-Emergency
Call the non-emergency number when police, fire, and animal control services are needed, but there is no urgency or emergency in the situation. Fitting circumstances could be non-violent crimes, deceased animals in the road, or vandalism with no suspect information.
All Recreation Facilities
Block Party Trailer
Active Adult Center
Carpenter Recreation Center
Thornton Community Center
Trail Winds Recreation Center
Recreation Pools
Park Village Pool
Carpenter Park
Park & Recreation Finder
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Riverwalk Ballfields
carpenter-recreation-center
City of Thornton Official Site
Carpenter Recreation CenterCurrently selected
Veterans Memorial Paver Brick Program
Youth and Teen Center
Carpenter Rec Center
11151 Colorado Blvd.
Map to CRC
More Info Request
11151 Colorado Blvd., Thornton 80233
Pool Currently Under Renovation.
Please be advised of the COVID-19 site currently taking place in our parking lot. Enter through Carpenter Park at 112th Avenue and Madison Street and use one of the two northernmost parking bays when visiting the center. Thank you.
The facility amenities are available seven days a week during the hours listed below. It would be appreciated if all guests complete their recreation activities with ample time to shower, change and check-out prior to the closing hour.
Monday-Friday
5 a.m.-9 p.m.
Saturday & Sunday
Child Care Hours (Currently Unavailable)
8:45 a.m.-1:10 p.m.
Monday-Thursday
4-8 p.m.
9 a.m.-12 p.m.
Gymnasium Information
GYMNASIUM SCHEDULE
Pickleball
Drop-In Sunday through Friday.
Maximum of 40 guests.
5 a.m.-12 p.m.
Basketball
It is recommended that you bring your own ball.
12-5:50 p.m.
T/TH
12-8:50 p.m.
Friday
12-5 p.m.
8 a.m.-5:50 p.m.
Volleyball
6v6 Games (Maximum 12 per court)
Normal drop-in fees / pre-paid pass required.
M/W
5-8:50 p.m.
1-5:50 p.m.
Closed for renovations.
Our indoor aquatics area is currently closed for a complete renovation with a tentative reopening scheduled in 2021. In the meantime, we hope that you will take part in our aquatics programming at Trail Winds Recreation Center. All Thornton recreation passes are honored at both centers.
Racquetball Courts
The Carpenter Recreation Center has one court available to reserve on a first-come, first-served basis. The court is scheduled on the half hour and normal drop-in, punch card or pass fees apply when you come in to use the court. Reservations are accepted beginning three days in advance of the day you wish to use the courts; for example, starting Monday at 5 a.m. you may reserve courts through Thursday. Two, one-hour reservations will be accepted per call. Racquets and goggles are available at the front desk for check out with an ID and balls are available for purchase only. If you need to cancel, please call at least two hours prior to the reservation. We will hold the reservation for 10 minutes after the scheduled time for no-shows. After that, the court will be re-opened for reservation.
Follow this link to reserve your court now!
Walking/Running Track
Now Open - No Reservation Required
The indoor track is located on the third level and is accessible by stairs or elevator. Walkers and slow joggers to the inside, runners to the outside. Children under the age of 12 must be supervised on the track at all times. The track has a soft, synthetic surface for running or walking; 12 laps = 1 mile.
A variety of walking trails are available in Carpenter Park. Several signs are located throughout the park that contain a list of color coded trails and their lengths.
Type of Admission
0-2 Years
Child
Youth
Adult
Senior
Daily Drop in Rates
Resident W/Recreation ID
FREE $2.50 $3.00 $4.25 $2.50
Nonresident W/Recreation ID FREE $3.25 $4.00 $5.75 $3.25
NO Recreation ID FREE $4.00 $5.00 $6.50 $4.50

10-Visit Punch Card
Resident w/Recreation ID N/A $21.00 $25.00 $36.00 $21.00
Nonresident w/Recreation ID N/A $28.00 $34.00 $47.00 $28.00

20 Visit Punch Card
Individual 6-month Pass
Resident w/Recreation ID N/A $98.00 $120.00 $175.00 $109.00
Nonresident w/Recreation ID N/A $131.00 $164.00 $241.00 $143.00
Individual Annual Pass
Resident w/Recreation ID N/A $169.00 $207.00 $300.00 $188.00
Family Annual Pass Cost of the pass is computed as follows: the most expensive family member pays 100 percent of the Individual Annual Pass fee; each additional family member pays 50 percent of the Individual Annual Pass fee. Must reside at the same residence, do not need to be related.
Ongoing Monthly Auto Debit
For your convenience, ongoing monthly passes may be paid by "auto debit." You only pay the first month up front and additional monthly payments will be automatically deducted from your checking account or credit card. If the deduction is from a checking account, please provide a voided check. If the deduction is from a credit/debit card, please make sure that we have your up-to-date credit/debit card information on file. If you cancel before the end of the first 12 months of the contract, there will be a cancellation fee. For more information please call 303-255-7800.
Effective May 1, 2019 any active member of the United States military, their spouse and minor children will receive a 25% discount on recreation center admission fees. You must present current military ID to receive this discount. Veterans are also eligible to receive this discount; however, at this time, family members are not.
Reduced Rate
The Recreation Division offers a Reduced Rate Assistance plan for Thornton residents who qualify. Qualifiers receive a 50 percent discount on recreation programs, photo IDs and daily admission. Follow the link to find out more.
2022 Recreation Center Holiday Hours & Closures
TRAIL WINDS (TWRC)
CARPENTER (CRC)
January 1
New Year's Day
8 a.m.- 12 p.m.
April 17
CLOSED
May 30
Memorial Day
July 4
Independence Day
Labor Day
October 31
Halloween
5 a.m. - 6 p.m.
5 a.m. - 6 p.m.
November 24
Thanksgiving
8 a.m. - 12 p.m.
December 24
Christmas Eve
Christmas Day
New Year's Eve
Hours for New Year's Day 2023 will be the same at TWRC and CRC.
Fitness Information
Fitness Class Schedule & Reservations
Thornton Activities Guide
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Translation:The stores are not tall.
A shop that's in a tall building.
The building is tall. The shop isn't. It's just as tall as any other office sitting on the first floor.
It does sound weird in Hungarian, too. But you never know... Grammatically it is good.
Maybe they are selling huge chandeliers, or cranes.
What if there is a 3-floor building, and the store occupies all the floors.
Why Tall and not big?
Because the üzletek are described as being magasak and not nagyok.
A nagy épület could be big without being tall (for example, by being very wide instead).
Could it mean "high", for example shops that are in the top of a tall building or on a mountain?
If the shops are on top of a mountain, then "Az üzletek magasan vannak"
No. The structure of the sentence (missing "vannak" and the adjective in plural) clearly shows, that the "magasak" is an attribute of the "üzletek". What are they? They are some tall buildings.
The question was not whether magasak is an attribute of the üzletek but whether magasak in this sentence could refer to something that is located at a high altitude, rather than merely something that extends to a high altitude.
Yes. What I wanted to know is whether this adjective always means great in vertical extent or also great in vertical distance. "High" means both. "Tall" only means the former. I guess I got my answer.


00:09 YvesLevier someone know what is Zeno time zone plz?
00:32 YvesLevier At least - does he takes notes when programming?
00:34 YvesLevier Zeno is a core programmer, right?
00:35 YvesLevier He began to help me to raise it up, so i would prefer to continue with him.
00:37 YvesLevier i see est and Calinou i recognize here. and est wasnt thinking the same than him this morning, as far i understand.
00:40 YvesLevier Im not far to be tempted to erase all that and make a new world (our township) but how long?
00:49 YvesLevier As if VenanessaE had clone?
03:54 Dafull97 Anyone on here that plays mc or use to?
03:55 Dafull97 @kaeza Anyone on here that plays mc or use to?
03:57 kaeza I used to. why do you ask?
04:03 sofar anyone know if you can do `node.to_table()` or something like that, that is printable?
04:07 botch I was just stopping in to say hey....ya'll have a good night, ya hear?
04:12 sofar hey, I can ask, can't i?
04:12 sofar do you think I'd give the accounts away for naught?
15:48 Sokomine hmmmm: is there any convenient way to get/set metadata for a cubic area?
15:49 hmmmm god forbid you actually need to do some work in the mod !
15:50 est31 Its already bloaty for large areas because you don't use binary serialisation, do you?
15:58 est31 there is support, isnt there???
16:22 est31 so when should a function go into builtin/stdlib, and not the other builtin directories?
16:27 est31 where to document the functions? lua_api.txt or elsewhere?
16:28 est31 or something else?
16:37 YvesLevier Zeno, you know Jsoftware? (a kind of real time C++) compiler. Mostly used for simulations.
16:55 YvesLevier Zeno`: i thopught you had a hake there?
16:56 YvesLevier Its already bloaty for large areas because you don't use binary serialisation, do you? - i red this topic. Finally, how interesting?
17:00 Sokomine the links in the menu currently don't work, but i suppose that's because they don't exist yet?
17:28 est31 like change the last "pick" to "s"
19:18 Miner59 then some numbers and then this: 19:27:26: ERROR[main]: A serialization error occurred: 19:27:26: ERROR[main]: Malformed packet read 19:27:26: ERROR[main]: The server is probably running a different version of Minetest.
19:18 est31 Miner59, what is your minetest version?
19:18 est31 Calinou, do you run the latest git?
19:24 est31 Can you try using the latest git version?
20:52 Amaz Ah, I fixed it. It should have been pointed_thing.under rather than pointed_thing. Sorry!
21:37 paxcoder How would i go about recompiling just the client.cpp?
21:39 paxcoder What goes into the minetest binary?
21:40 paxcoder Or a better question: How much do I need to recompile if I just edited client.cpp?
23:22 Sokomine ups? current mt does not compile?


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Home » NewsPage 1312
Nebraska public power district pressed to expand wind power
Source: Paul Hammel, WORLD-HERALD BUREAU • Posted: Friday, April 27th, 2012
A coalition of Nebraska environmental and farm groups called on the state's largest utility to develop more wind power to address future energy needs instead of relying on coal-fired power plants. The group said Thursday that the Nebraska Public Power District should consider clean energy alternatives rather than spend $1.5 billion to retrofit existing coal-fired power plants to deal with new environmental regulations.
Natural Gas Is on a Roll, Executive Declares
Source: ERIC LIPTON, New York Times • Posted: Friday, April 27th, 2012
A "perfect storm" of economic and regulatory factors is driving major United States utilities to rapidly switch from coal to natural gas as an electric power source, the top executive of one of the nation's largest utilities said on Thursday.
House tax subcommittee chairman open to production tax credit extension as bridge to phaseout
Source: Nick Juliano, E&E reporter • Posted: Friday, April 27th, 2012
A leading House Republican said yesterday that he is open to extending a key tax credit for the wind industry that is set to expire at the end of the year but that he wants to hear more from industry leaders on how many more years they will need the government's support. The production tax credit for wind energy was one of the most popular topics of discussion yesterday at a House subcommittee hearing on a variety of temporary tax breaks that will disappear at year's end unless Congress intervenes.
NV Energy pulls out of Idaho wind project over sage grouse concerns
Source: E&E • Posted: Thursday, April 26th, 2012
NV Energy Inc. has pulled out of a major Idaho wind energy project after environmental studies showed it could have "more than minor adverse effects" on the population of imperiled sage grouse.
37,000 jobs at risk if wind energy tax credits expire, backers say
Source: Ronald D. White, Los Angeles Times • Posted: Thursday, April 26th, 2012
Supporters of a bipartisan effort to protect the American wind energy industry say that 37,000 U.S. jobs will be at risk this year if Congress fails to extend the production tax credits that have been vital to wind power development. The call for Congress to pass HR 3307, the American Renewable Energy Production Tax Credit Extension Act, was made during a teleconference hosted by three members of Congress, the American Wind Energy Assn. and TPI Composites, a Newton, Iowa-based wind blade manufacturer.
Vets group promotes wind tax credit ahead of extenders hearing
Source: Nick Juliano, E&E reporter • Posted: Thursday, April 26th, 2012
With a key House committee set to begin today considering whether to extend a key wind energy tax break that expires at the end of the year, a veterans group is pointing to the role renewable energy plays keeping the lights on at remote bases in war zones and providing jobs to veterans when they return home. A Ways and Means subcommittee meets this morning to consider proposed legislation that would extend a variety of temporary tax provisions scheduled to expire at the end of this year, including the production tax credit (PTC) for wind, which has been a key focus for renewable energy backers on and off Capitol Hill.
Clean-Energy Requirements Targeted by ALEC, Norquist
Source: Jim Snyder, Bloomberg • Posted: Wednesday, April 25th, 2012
Small-government groups including the American Legislative Exchange Council, whose advocacy for Florida's Stand-Your-Ground law and other measures have drawn calls to revoke its tax-exempt status, are taking aim at state mandates requiring renewable energy use. While environmentalists view the clean-energy standards as vital to reducing the country's reliance on fossil fuels, groups like ALEC and the Grover Norquist-run Americans for Tax Reform say the mandates are a hidden tax on consumers and a drag on state economies.
Senate subpanel approves energy, water spending bill
Source: Hannah Northey, E&E reporter • Posted: Wednesday, April 25th, 2012
A Senate Appropriations subcommittee unanimously approved a fiscal 2013 energy and water spending bill today that would boost funding for clean energy and water infrastructure and authorize the Energy Department to begin finding temporary sites to store nuclear waste.
Wind credit stalls despite support
Source: Alex Guillen, POLITICO • Posted: Wednesday, April 25th, 2012
Congress is taking the wind out of turbine sales. And that's despite support from President Barack Obama, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and a substantial roster of House Republicans who see extending the wind tax credit as an electoral imperative.
ERCOT sets new wind record two consecutive days
Source: ERCOT • Posted: Tuesday, April 24th, 2012
The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), the state grid operator and manager of the wholesale electric market, hit a new wind record Wednesday, exceeding the previous record by almost 200 megawatts (MW). Wind output reached 7,599 MW at 8:41 p.m., Wednesday, March 7, exceeding the 7,403 MW record from the previous day, March 6, by 196 MW. Prior to March 6, the record for wind output in ERCOT was 7,400 MW, recorded on Oct. 7, 2011.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We have been tasked to harden the M-Pin protocol against a "key-escrow" attacker, who has the authority to demand and be issued with all of the secrets from all of the distributed trust authorities (D-TAs) and the M-Pin server, and use them to try to create valid credentials in the identities of valid clients in order to impersonate them and gain access to their accounts on a remote server via the normal M-Pin authentication process. As a purely identity-based protocol M-Pin is open to this kind of attack. Our recommended response is to use ideas from so-called Certificateless cryptography, which is a standard and established response to the key-escrow property of pure identity-based schemes.
The reader should refer to the original M-Pin Literature for definitions. M-Pin is a multi-factor client-server authentication protocol, using identity based cryptography. Many in the cryptographic community have a visceral and negative response to any cryptographic protocol that admits to the key-escrow property, whereby a single component of the system may recreate the keys of any or all users. That component may subsequently be coerced by law enforcement or other agencies to co-operate and give up those keys. For many people only a system whereby each user generates their own secret and does not ever expose it to any external third party, is acceptable.
In M-Pin, as in other identity based systems, the single component at risk is the TA (Trusted Authority). Our solution to the key-escrow issue has been to distribute this functionality to at least three D-TAs (Distributed Trust Authorities). The intention is that the three D-TAs are under separate organisational and jurisdictional control.
From a practical point of view this is probably a completely satisfactory solution. Nevertheless for some critics it is not enough. Understandable, since a TA compromise, like a PKI root key compromise, is particularly insidious as it applies no matter how careful clients and servers are about their personal security. The purpose of this note is to suggest ways in which M-Pin might be made key-escrow-immune.
The standard way to do this is to become no longer purely identity based. The client now has, as well as their identity, a public/private key pair. But fortunately using the "certificateless cryptography" paradigm , as suggested by the name, this can be done without having to resort to a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure).
Original M-Pin looks like this. Recall that Q is a fixed point in the group G2, s is the combined master secret of the D-TAs, (s - α)A is the client "token" and α is their PIN.
Our suggested patch to fix the key-escrow issue is shown in Table 2. In line with the certificateless approach, there will be a single private key (as before), for each client an identity hashed, say for Alice, to a point A (as before), and a new public key associated with Alice PA. As before the client accepts from the D-TAs the client secret shares and combines them to create sA (now called a partial client secret), but now it multiplies it by a randomly generated value z to get the new full client secret zsA. The server behaves in a similar fashion, combining its secret shares to create sQ, and again multiplying it by a randomly generated value w to get the full server secret wsQ. It also calculates a public key wQ.
The full client secret can be split up into multiple factors exactly as before. The client then accesses the server public key and calculates its own new public key as PA = z-1wQ and conveys this to the server for safe keeping. Now only a client who can reconstruct from its multiple factors the value zsA, can authenticate to a server who is in possession of the associated public key PA and the full server secret wsQ. After creating the full private key and the public key the client should delete z, and similarly the server should delete w.
Now Al Riyami and Paterson  warn us that "Of course, we must assume that the (D-TAs) do not mount an attack of this type: armed with the partial private key and the ability to replace public keys, the (D-TAs) could impersonate any entity in generating a private/public key pair and then making the public key available." Our sole new security concern then is to ensure that the new public key is beyond the reach of those in control of the D-TAs, meaning that they cannot substitute this public key with another, with a view to impersonating a client by generating a new set of keys for the impersonator, and substituting the impersonator's public key for that of the original client.
The proposed patch does not affect the D-TAs in any way, or the client enrollment with the D-TAs. It requires a minimal modification to the client and server sides of the protocol, and comes at little extra computational cost. Since the D-TAs do not know z or w, they cannot be coerced into revealing the full client private key zsA or the full server secret wsQ. There are no extra secrets to be protected on either the client or server side. The use of Time Permits complicates things, but with a bit more work on the server side they can be incorporated into this new regime.
We emphasise that the public key PA as created by Alice at the time of her enrollment must be used by the server in all subsequent authentications by Alice.
However, as always in cryptography, its not so simple! This new client public key must be handled correctly, and must be available to the server in its original form whenever that client attempts to authenticate. The standard way would be for the public keys to be placed in a public directory. Or the server might maintain a FIDO-like list of identities and their associated public keys. Recall that we must avoid a public-key-substitution attack, where an impersonator generates their own private key and gets the server to accept the associated public key in place of the original.
It would appear that the client, following its enrollment via the D-TAs, now needs to complete its enrollment directly with the server. Assume that the server has already generated a random w, constructed its full secret wsQ and its public key wQ, and deleted w. Here we sketch a simple enrollment process.
The client authenticates to the server using regular M-Pin, but without using its multi-factor feature, or requiring a time permit.
The server checks that an account in this client identity does not already exist. If there is an existing account the server drops the link.
The server creates a new database entry and initialises a new account for the client, and sends the client its public key wQ.
The client generates random z and calculates z-1wQ and returns this (its public key) to the server.
The server stores the client public key in the newly created client account database, and drops the link.
The client generates their full private key zsA, deletes z, chooses their PIN number, and splits the full private key into token and PIN.
On subsequent authentications the server retrieves the client public key from the client database after the first step in the protocol as shown in Table 2. It is assumed that a Key-Escrow attacker, for all of its powers, does not have the ability to directly access the client database (otherwise they could completely bypass the authentication process, avoiding the need to extract the secret keys of any entity).
In fact the all-powerful Key-Escrow attacker who demands and is given all of the secrets of all parties (that is all of the D-TA and server secrets, and read access to client public keys), lacking only the secret possessed by a targeted client, is still unable to authenticate via the normal process in the identity of that client.
However unsurprisingly such an attacker can do a lot of damage: They can for example set up a false server, launch phishing attacks, and reduce the client protection by one low-entropy factor. For example in the standard two-factor setting if they capture a client token they can try every PIN against the false server until the right one is found. The same known issue arises with standard M-Pin if the server secret is lost.
As mentioned above using the method described causes a problem with time permits. To continue using them as before, they would have to be multiplied by z by the client before use to ensure the mathematics still worked correctly. However for security reasons the client has already deleted z. The answer is for the client to calculate - (x + y)sT from the time permit sT and forward this separately to the server, and not to add it into the value V as is currently done. The verification equation for the server then becomes the slightly more elaborate test that e(V,PA).e(-(x + y)sT,wQ).e(U + y(A + T),wsQ) = 1. This requires a triple pairing calculation, which will cost just a little more (I would guess 20%) than the current double pairing calculation.
It is worth briefly revisiting the necessity for all this. In a scenario where an external agency can seize or otherwise force the cooperation of all of the D-TAs, it is hard to imagine a scenario where these counter-measures would practically improve security. For example why should such an agency not just seize the client database directly from behind the server and access client data directly, completely bypassing the authentication mechanism? An objection might be that while the D-TAs are all in a jurisdiction under the control of the external agency, the server may be in a different jurisdiction. But we already defend against this eventuality by ensuring that one D-TA is under the control of the same entity that controls the server, and which is presumably in the same jurisidiction as the server. Indeed we could place a D-TA right next to the server, even running as a seperate thread on another core of the same processor!
Observe that the attack model we are defending against may not be very realistic. It assumes that the server hands over its secrets but does not co-operate beyond that. In particular the client database cannot be accessed directly by the attacker - they are allowed only to go through a normal authentication process while attempting to impersonate a client. In our opinion that is a little artificial. As an aside, if I were an owner of an M-Pin server, and if approached by a Key-Escrow authority and asked for my keys, I would rather cut a deal before compromising all of my clients: I would volunteer to put in a patch that allowed access to certain named accounts from certain named IP addresses that completely bypassed the authentication check.
One other issue worth mentioning. Until now an M-Pin signature has not had the property of being non-repudiatable. A client could always claim in a court of law that their supposed signature was forged by a conspiracy of the D-TAs. However using the method described above this would no longer be the case, and such signatures would be non-repudiatable, just like PKI signatures. Of course this would only be true in a narrow cryptographic sense, it is a matter of law to determine the validity or otherwise of a particular type of digital signature.
The other downside of M-Pin signatures, that only the server in possession of the full server secret can verify them, remains.
Note that this proposal applies only to M-Pin and its variants.
1. S. Al-Riyami and K. Paterson. Certificateless public key cryptography. Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2003/126, 2003. http://eprint.iacr.org/2003/126.


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Special Needs Programs Haiti
Kay St. Germaine, Kay Elaine and Kay Christine
August 6, 2015 by Dir. of Communications
Mothers – loving, tired, stressed, weary, worried, desperate.
The struggles of Haiti etched eternally on their faces.
Loving eyes struggle to keep watch, watch the IV, watch the oxygen, watch the temperature.
Days and nights of watching and the eyes fight to stay open.
Loving arms balancing restless sick children.
Road weary feet swollen and hot from days in the hospital.
Days sitting on blue chairs.
Nights sitting on blue chairs.
With occasional respite found on a sheet on the hard tiles.
Tiny babies – 500 lbs, 1 kilo, less than 500 lbs.
Big kids swollen.
A boy shoved a bead up his nose.
A boy shoved a pea in his ear.
Big babies.
Small babies.
Fighting for each breath, oxygen, IV, nurses desperately trying to find tiny veins.
All veins seem to stay at home.
Valiant nurses keep trying.
Dehydrated bodies.
Busy, busy nurses.
Fighting with death daily.
Fighting for life.
And still the patients come.
From all over the country.
Looking for life.
No more room.
Make room.
How to refuse.
How to say yes.
Young mothers – kids themselves.
Young fathers – hurtled into the realities of parenthood.
Pneumonia the biggest killer of kids under 5 in Haiti.
Racing hearts, gurgling lungs.
Scared parents.
Small kid – huge tummy
Tiny premie – went to God.
Beautiful Chloe, trying to breathe.
Eyes fixed on her praying crying aunt as if to say, "why me? I am just a tiny baby. Why is so hard for me to breathe".
Can she know she has a heart problem and she has not long left.
Her poor Mam.
Doctors trying to find space.
Meeting after meeting, trying to find ways to find money to keep this hospital open.
We can't afford to keep it open.
We can't afford to close it.
Breathe in.
Breathe out.
Life and death – always dancing together.
Dancing around the beds.
Fighting around the beds.
It should be so easy for life to win.
Suffering is there with them.
Yes indeed suffering and more suffering.
Mothers and nurses and doctors and fathers joined together, united together.
An eternal circle, comings and goings.
Different faces.
The same suffering.
The same fight for life.
Every year I get an insight into the realities of life here as Marcus* takes me inside our hospital emergency room.
St. Damien Pediatric Hospital.
The ONLY pediatric hospital in Haiti.
Don't read this and feel sad.
Read this and help us in our fight for life.
Contributed by Gena Heraty, NPH Haiti Special Needs Director
Photo credit: Giles Ashford
*Named changed for privacy purposes. Marcus lives at the NPH Haiti home, Kay Christine. He is 15-years-old and is fighting an infection and is currently at our St. Damien Pediatric Hospital. Please keep him in your prayers.
July 14, 2015 by Dir. of Communications
Summer at Kay Germaine
It's summer time here in Kay Germaine and all the children are on their holidays. However, while the school is quiet, therapy is still offered and patients continue to make the sometimes difficult journey here for treatment. By the end of the year we estimate that over 550 children and adults will come through our therapy center.
July 2, 2015 by Dir. of Communications
Benefits of Working Together
Based out of Mare Rouge, Akyson Gasmy (AG) provides rehabilitation and eduction services to people with special needs in the northern diocese of Port de Paix; one of the most rural and isolated areas in Haiti. Over the last number of years, we have partnered with AG to assist in the training of their therapists and teachers through work placements in Kay Germaine, monthly training formations and outreach visits.
The pictures above are from our outreach visit last week.
June 23, 2015 by Dir. of Communications
Essential Eye Exams and Glasses
A big thanks to Denise Clark and her son Andrew who came to Kay Germaine and St. Helene. They performed eye examinations and provided glasses to children and staff in the schools.
Transforming Pain Into Something Beautiful
As a girl growing up in Mayo, Ireland, Gena Heraty beseeched God to show her where and how she was needed in the world, says Sarah Caden, and, ultimately, he sent her to Haiti. There, she found her calling among children with disabilities, shunned, discarded and neglected by their families and society. Gena has spent decades bringing love and first-world treatments to 'her' kids, but her huge heart always hopes for more. Here, she opens up her personal photo album to LIFE – Sunday Independent June 14th 2015.
In the normal course of events, as the mother of a child with a disability, if you said "handicapped" to me, it would be a deal-breaker, a relationship terminator. However, when Mayo woman Gena Heraty uses that word to describe some of the children she cares for in Haiti, it's OK.
Gena gets a special dispensation, because what Gena is doing for the children with disabilities that she cares for is incredibly special. In Haiti, where people with intellectual and physical disabilities are routinely neglected and regularly shunned, Gena is a shining light. And Gena uses the word "handicapped" knowing that here in Ireland, the language of disability has moved on from such terms, but the language is not what matters in Haiti.
Over there, she's too busy trying to keep a roof over the heads of 'her' Haitian children and adults with special needs to pause and absorb the semantics. And what anyone associated with disability will tell you is that while language matters, actions matter even more, and Gena is a woman of action.
Gena meets me in a Dublin city cafe en route from Mayo back to Haiti, where she has been for 22 years. She's had a lovely time with her family, making scones with her mother despite her recent diagnosis as coeliac, catching up with her siblings and nieces and nephews and forcing herself to do some media spots to rustle up some much-needed funds for her work.
Gena and "her" children with Fr. William Wasson, founder of NPFS Haiti.
"For the first few years when I was in Haiti," she says, "I felt like an alien when I came back home to Ireland. I didn't feel like anyone here could understand what I was doing there and I couldn't talk about it. But, over the years, I've learned the value of two wonderful families, in Haiti and in Ireland, and I've learned to live in the present. When I'm in Ireland, I'm with the people in Ireland. And then, when I'm in Haiti, I speak to Ireland on the phone, but the second I put the phone down, I forget and I'm fully in Haiti."
So, when we meet, as she travels back to Haiti, Gena's head is already there. Her mind is on one of her children who is very sick, about whom doctors have said there is no hope "a million times", but who keeps fighting. The worst thing, Gena says, is if one of the Haitian children dies when she's in Ireland.
Gena, with Fr. Rick Frechette, CP
"This job and my whole life," she explains, "is about loving and losing. It's about opening your heart and putting yourself into these children and losing them and then loving again. It's about transforming pain into something beautiful; that's what we do."
Gena has been in Haiti since the early 1990's. She went there after spending some time working for the Simon Community in Dublin, having always felt drawn to doing something meaningful in the world. An acquaintance in Simon told her about the Nos Petits Freres et Soeurs program in Haiti, a country she couldn't even have found on the map at the time. But something about it chimed with her and she made contact and she went. She found a country that didn't know what to do with children with disabilities, and she found an organisation, a community, where she instantly felt she could help. And she did, and she does.
When Gena went to Haiti, the programs ambition was to build a home for children with special needs who had been abandoned. Now, with Gena as director, the program runs four facilities that give levels of care and therapy that would be the envy of many services in the developed world. They work to keep kids with disabilities with their families, in a country where, she explains, they are routinely abandoned and "humiliated" as useless and disposable. It's hard work, but it's harder work changing the culture of contempt in Haiti and near impossible work to raise the money to keep their services alive.
Special needs child with her mother and a family friend.
"The problem is both to do with culture and poverty," Gena explains. "But the main thing is poverty; because no mother would ever want to abandon her child. But if you picture a disabled child in Haiti, typically the mother will have five or six other kids. And as soon as it becomes obvious that this child has special needs, eight times out of 10, the father will say he wants nothing to do with it, and he'll do a runner. Often the father will have children with several women, so it's not your typical family structure, and the mother is then left to mind all these kids. But even if that wasn't the case, culturally," Gena continues, "even if it was a typical family, there is 80 percent unemployment in Haiti and the parents and children could be out on the street selling rags or soap just to keep the family alive. If that family has a kid with special needs, someone has to stay in and mind that child. And then there's no money for food. And most people are only eating one meal a day anyway, if they're lucky. So then this child becomes a burden. So nine times out of 10, if they're not abandoned and if there's not someone to mind them, they're left in the house, door closed, and they're there all day until the mother comes back."
While Gena talks with compassion and sympathy about families, and specifically mothers, who want to do their best but just can't, she goes hard on a Haitian society that dismisses out of hand their children with disabilities. She talks about how there are grants for people made disabled by the earthquake in 2010, but none for her children and adults. She talks about no availability of wheelchairs and no proper foot paths to wheel them on, anyway. She talks about a society that chooses to ignore that disability even occurs.
"These people are utterly humiliated by society," Gena says. "The tap-tap, the local transport that's basically pick-up trucks with a little roof converted into a bus, they won't even stop for them. People on the tap-tap would say, 'Where are you going with that thing? You should dump that thing. That thing's no good!"
Initially, in Haiti, Gena's work was out in the country, up in the mountains. They had nine kids, who had been abandoned, who were being sent to Mexico, to a sister program for therapies and treatments. Gradually, they informally trained themselves up – with the help of visiting volunteer therapists – to help the children themselves and, slowly, the program developed.
In 2004, around the time that Gena became director of the program, they began branching out to involve mothers and keep the children in their families. Nos Petits Freres et Soeurs offers education, therapy, support, and, increasingly, children stay with their mothers.
Gena at Kay Christine, home to 30+ special needs children and adults.
"In those years, we created a very good program," she says, "and I always thought it could be replicated. People were always ringing me up about children in need and children who had been abandoned, but we didn't have space for them. So I decided that what we really had to do was solve the problem of abandonment. My dream is that every child and family in Haiti with special needs will have services and won't be abandoned and shunned and rejected," Gena says.
Growing up near Westport, Co Mayo, Gena always believed that there was a mission for her, somewhere out there. "For as far back as I can remember," she says, "I was interested in the developing world. In our church at home, we'd have people coming home from the missions and they'd come in to the school, and I remember thinking, 'I could do that'. But they were always nuns, I was very aware of that. And I didn't want to be a nun. It was in my head that I wanted to do this without having a title, but I was aware that it seemed you had to be someone a nurse, a doctor, a nun. I just wanted to be an ordinary person doing this work. It was also in my head that if there was a God in this, he must have a job for me," Gena continues. "Because if God made me, then he or she should find something for me. So my prayer all through secondary school was for God to find me a job. And at the end of secondary school, still no sign of a job. I remember being out shaking the hay saying, 'Come on now, God, I need some direction."
With no sign of direction in sight, Gena followed her sister to the University of Limerick, where she got a degree in business studies. By the end of the course, she was despairing of what to do next, when she heard about a place in Dublin running courses preparing people for voluntary placements in the Third World. Gena approached the organisation and they advised her to undertake some voluntary work in Ireland first, and that led her to the Simon Community. During her time there, Gena met a fellow volunteer who had been in Haiti, where he had been working with abandoned children with severe disabilities, for whom they were trying to build a home. He asked Gena if she'd come and help.
"I said, 'Yes, but I have no qualifications. I've no experience with handicapped kids,"' she explains. "He said, 'If you are able to work in Simon, you are able to work there':' And so, off Gena went to Haiti. All she knew about the country was Papa Doc and the 'awful heat': When Gena arrived in Haiti, she was brought to this tiny house in the mountains where the abandoned children with disabilities were housed. There were only three children there when she arrived, as the others were in Mexico for treatments. The fellow volunteers showed her where they slept on mattresses on the floor beside the children and explained that the little house had once been a stable. "It all seemed so bleak," Gena recalls.
One month later, the six other children returned to Haiti. "We went to pick them up at the airport," Gena says, "and they all had these really thick prism glasses on. They looked so weird, like aliens, and I thought, 'Oh my God: I knew nothing about this, nothing about autism, or cerebral palsy or anything. Simon had been rough and ready, but nothing like this. I thought, 'OK, this could be interesting."' On the transport back to the mountains, a little girl called Eliane sat on Gena's knee. Gena made it her mission to make Eliane laugh, and she did, and, later, one of the women told Gena that she'd never seen the little girl engage with anyone before. That connection with Eliane, who had hydrocephalus and had numerous operations and was very sick, became the turning point in Gena's life.
Gena with Eliane
"She had to go back to Mexico and I was picked to go to with her," Gena recalls. "You have to picture it: she was very severe and very sick and I had no experience. It was just me and her and I had no Spanish to speak to the people treating her. Every day, I thought she was going to die on me. I was petrified. It was very stressful, but from that moment, when it was me and that child, and me doing my best to keep her well and alive, that was so bonding. And I thought, 'For as long as she's alive, I'm never going to abandon her.' It was sealed for me. This was my spot in the world." Eliane died in 1997. "That was the first disaster for me;' Gena says, "when she died."
"You're winging it at the start," she continues, "but you can be amazed what you find in yourself in these situations. When Eliane died, I thought that no matter what else happens to me in life, nothing can be worse than this. Because I couldn't imagine anything worse than the suffering with her and the loss of her. It's one thing when you suffer yourself, but when a kid suffers and dies, you die twice over."
Children whom Gena and her team have loved and laboured for have died since and it has been hard every time. Even in the time between meeting Gena and writing this piece, she mails me about the loss of one of the young adults in their care. Also, as Gena admits, you can't help but have pets, and she picks out a pair of twins that they cared for, both of whom had cerebral palsy.
"This mother had three kids already," Gena explains." And then these two, with severe cerebral palsy. And we said, 'No, we don't take kids who have parents, so she went and came back a few months later and said, 'I don't want to abandon my children. I need to find them somewhere that I can visit them, but they are cared for,' so we took them.
"Karvens and Cleevens," says Gena, recalling the twins. "They were so severe. Karvens was my little prince. I love them all, but some touch you in particular. He died after two years, but Cleevens is still alive, and that family comes every month, for the last 14 years, to visit. Cleevens went to his sister's wedding. He's still very much part of the family."
These are the triumphs in Gena's Haiti, triumphs that might seem small somewhere else, but which are big there. She talks about the school they run for children with disabilities giving them an education they would never get otherwise. She explains how she and her staff have no formal qualifications as therapists and teachers, but they have learned from professional volunteers who have visited. It's a can-do attitude, instead of an attitude that could see them waiting forever for funding for staff with the degrees and the formal training.
Her ambition, Gena says, is to create a situation where adults with disability could find a purpose and an occupation in Haitian society. Tiny, tiny steps is what it's about, but she's hopeful, and she is a person who can put a positive spin and find the hope in just about anything.
For example, the 2013 attempted robbery at her accommodation in Port au-Prince, during which she was attacked with a hammer and a security man, Major, was killed. Ask Gena about this and she focuses attention on Major's dedication and the fact that two of the young adults in her care rushed to her defense.
"That attack only confirmed that I was in the right place," Gena says. "Imagine being somewhere where you're about to be killed and two kids with disabilities come to your rescue. And one of them got a whack for her efforts."
Even then, Gena felt no diminishing of her sense of mission and no despair that she was fighting a losing battle in Haiti. She sees small ripples of change as a result of their efforts, she says, though it's near impossible to get any financial support in Haiti. "My mission is to give a first-world service in a third-world country," she says. But, for that, Gena needs support from the first world.
Therapy center and school, Kay Germaine.
"And that's hard. I won't tell lies, so we don't get any of the grants for the people who were made disabled as a result of the earthquake. And when you ask for money anywhere, there are checks and balances to be taken into account and we don't tick the boxes. They want to know about sustainability, but there is none in Haiti. They ask about our income, but we have no income."
"I get annoyed, you know? When I look at how it's all grown, from a little house in the middle of nowhere to this facility, with hydrotherapy and classrooms and everything, I'm so amazed. But it's all about money; that's the pain in the neck." She hates doing publicity, hates going on the radio or appearing in the press, but it's necessary.
"Denis O'Brien is a huge help," Gena says. "He's been fantastic. There was a young fella shot in front of our gate a while back, paralysed from the waist down, and I wrote an email about it and within a day, Denis O'Brien got back to me and asked was there anything he could do, and he paid off some of his bills in the hospital. And he's creating employment in a country where there is none, and they've built 150 schools. Good schools with computer labs; I've been to them. People give off about him, but if only there were more people like him.
"But, really, we get by on small donations," she adds. "One million people giving a euro each is €1m." She explains that they have no speech therapists at the moment, that they have let go three special needs assistants in the last year and scaled back various operations.
They need to raise $500,000 (€460,000 ) in the next year to get things back to a level that Gena would be satisfied with, and that's not even starting into working on building a vocational educational facility for young adults.
Gena with children at NPFS St. Helene home in Kenscoff.
"I never accept that there is no hope," says Gena. "When we were going to expand out into a rehab facility, I didn't know the first thing about rehab and had never been in one. But that didn't stop me. I emailed every care provider I knew, and asked them what should be in a rehab facility. My attitude in life is that if I was in that position, what would I want? Not what's good enough for someone in Haiti, what's good enough for anyone in that position? You have to aim for the top. No matter where you are."
Never, ever has Gena wished that she was somewhere else other than where she is in Haiti. Never once has she questioned her conviction that this is where she is meant to be. Without doubt, there are families in Haiti who believe her to be the answer to their prayers; but as far as Gena is concerned, Haiti is the answer to hers.
"My father, who died last year, said to me that it is a hard life I've chosen for myself," Gena recalls, "but I told him: 'I don't think it is. I think it would be harder if I didn't do it.'
by Sarah Caden
June 2, 2015 by Dir. of Communications
St. Helene Home Receives Solar Power
NPH Haiti partnered with NRG Social Enterprise http://www.nrg.com to bring solar energy to our flagship home, St. Helene in the mountains of Kenscoff, Haiti. We are grateful for their support!
May 28, 2015 by Dir. of Communications
Personal Development – Family Style
The Miss and Mister Competition
St. Helene, our flagship home in Kenscoff, has been a hive of activity these past weeks. We seem to have had one celebration after another;
Feast day for Dominique Savio – a Salesian Saint that is held as a role model for our kids
Feast day for Marie Mazerello – founder of the Salesian Sisters
Beginning of the 4th Annual Miss and Mister of St. Helene competition
Baptism of 24 children
So you see it has been a busy month and guess what? We are not finished with the festivities as on Friday we will celebrate the feast day of Our Lady Mary Help of Christians and on the 31st we will have First Holy Communion and Mother's Day!
Let me tell you a little bit about the Miss and Mister competition. As I said this is the fourth time we have had this event and it is organized by one of our social workers, Mrs. Christella Barreau. The idea is to encourage the older children to work on their social skills, their general knowledge and their talents. They have to study hard as they are questioned on a variety of topics and they also have to present their own individual talents; music, dance, poetry, singing, whatever. They also take part in a host of workshops whereby they have different people coming to cover different topics with them and the whole idea is to help them grow and develop in ways that will be useful for their personal development and for their future careers.
An independent jury presides over each session and of course the audience is made up of all the other kids and staff. The competition takes place over a series of weekends and outings are also a part of the activities whereby the children get to visit some place of interest in the country. So far we have had two sessions of the event and they have gone very well. There is great support for the participants and what is beautiful is that everyone has the support of everyone. While it is a competition, the atmosphere is a family one. You see it when they are getting dressed for the event – one helps the other. The objective is NOT to look better than the other, it's that everyone looks beautiful. When one makes a mistake, the whole group feels bad for that person. If they feel one could do better, they all encourage him her to do better. It really is something to watch and I think Father Wasson would be very happy to see that these children really do feel that they are one family and it's easy to see how they live out this feeling.
Of course there will be prizes for the winners and those that chose to take part. Our friends in the new Marriott Hotel kindly offered a day at their pool with food included for the finalists. This will be a special treat for everyone.
Stay well and stay supporting us – in whichever way you can!
Gena Heraty
Special Needs Director
Our Special Olympics Athletes
International Day for People with Disabilities
Advent Thoughts
Investment in Our Teachers
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Home » Resources » Fred Currah talks about his work in the stores at Lime Street and Edge Hill
Fred Currah talks about his work in the stores at Lime Street and Edge Hill
Resource Type: Audio | Posted on 19th August 2011 by Liam Physick
Fred Currah talks about his work in the stores at Lime Street and at Edge Hill, when the man at the latter station was ill. He retired in 1994 with a frozen shoulder. Fred also talks about how he regretted dieselisation, as he felt lonely as a driver on diesel or electric locomotives, rather than working as part of driver-fireman double act as on steam locomotives
Interviewee: Fred Currah
Interviewee Gender: Male
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Interview Transcript
Fred: They used to have a clothing stores on Platform 1 at Lime Street, it's now staff place now, for drivers, and in, in between that I used to do other stores duties, I would do here, because the man here was very ill, so I'd come up here and and you're on your own here, you know . . .
Jodie: Yeah, yeah.
Fred: You had all sorts of things here, you were doing all the signal boxes and stations between here and Garswood, that's where the Merseyside region ended, Garswood . . .
Jodie: Oh, right.
Fred: . . . it became Greater Manchester then, after that, so, I would send, they'd send me a list, the signal box would send me a list. I would make up the lists every day, of what they needed, things like cleaning cloths, paraffin, oil for the signals, all things like that . . .
Jodie: Oh!
Fred: . . . and upstairs was all . . . (clears his throat) all the writing stuff they needed, writing pads, diaries and stuff.
Jodie: So that was over on Platform, the building on Platform 3?
Fred: That was over, that was opposite here, yeah . . .
Jodie: Yeah.
Fred: . . . so I would do that, and then do all the paperwork, so I'd been doing that for quite some time, when the man was off sick, and then I'd go back down to the stores. The stores at Lime Street was mainly clothing then, issuing drivers, guards and staff with their clothing – uniforms – caps, trousers, and I'd measure the men up, you know, it needs measuring up, and then (clears his throat), in 1993, I was sent to the stores at Kirkdale. Now Kirkdale is the north, the north, the Merseyrail, the northern base, that's where all the electric units are kept, you know, you've heard rail locomotive, units that go round to New Brighton and . . .
Fred: . . . been on those have you? You go from Central to Ormskirk . . .
Jodie: Yeah, yeah . . .
Fred: . . . Central to Southport . . .
Jodie: . . . Merseyrail, yeah, that's my way.
Fred: . . . Merseyrail, well that, that's their big depot there, all the units are kept there, and there's big stores there, but I had to move a lot of heavy parcels that week, and I got a frozen shoulder . . .
Jodie: (sympathetically) Oh.
Fred: . . . so I went off sick, and eventually I decided I didn't want to come back, really, I retired . . .
Jodie: Right.
Fred: . . . I went to see the railway doctor, and he signed me off. So, I'd done 33 years on the railway, then, service right through.
Jodie: And it all began at Edge Hill?
Fred: It all began at Edge Hill . . .
Fred: . . . locomotive depot, a little picture of it over there (coughs), there was 150 steam engines when I started, so you had drivers and fireman, then you had the people that looked after the steam engines, you had people like boiler makers, fitters, fitters' mates, you know all that, so, as I say, I did six years on steam, and then steam finished in 68. I was quite depressed when steam finished cos I enjoyed working on steam, every day was a challenge, and you worked together as a team with the driver, you see, two of you were a team, but when that finished, you were more or less driving on me own, then, you know, I was on me own going to Birmingham, London, Leeds, on the inter-cities. I enjoyed that very much, I liked the driving of the, that side. As I say, I did that til 86, and then ill health started to kick in, and . . .
Fred: . . . so I did the stores for about five years, then I retired in 94, with 33 years service. . .
Fred: . . . that was it.
Tagged under: steam locomotives, edge hill station, liverpool lime street station, diesel locomotives, firemen, drivers, liverpool central station, electric locomotives, electric multiple units, stores
Categorised under: The Station & Railway Pioneers
Remember my personal information?
Graham Middleton remembers the former location of stables on Tunnel Road
Edge Hill Loco Shed 4 May 1968 Last Day of Steam 2
Edge Hill Loco Shed 4 May 1968 Last Day of Steam
Lines on the death of William Huskisson MP, 15th September, 1830 by John Cooper Clarke


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San Francisco 49ers defensive end Cassius Marsh (54) sacks quarterback Mitchell Trubisky (10) of the Chicago Bears during the first quarter of the game at Levi's Stadium on December 23, 2018 in Santa Clara, California. He had two sacks on the day. (Chris Victorio
San Francisco 49ers blow late opportunity in final home game against Chicago Bears
C.J. Peterson
Dec. 24, 2018 12:00 a.m.
SANTA CLARA — The San Francisco 49ers had no business being competitive against the Chicago Bears on Sunday afternoon.
With a six-game disparity in the standings, San Francisco (4-11) entered its Week 16 matchup against the as 3.5-point underdogs against the NFC North champion Bears (11-4) at Levi's Stadium. Yet, somehow, the 49ers found themselves in a one-possession game with less than two minutes remaining in the fourth quarter with the ball in Nick Mullens' hands.
Unfortunately for Mullens, head coach Kyle Shanahan and the rest of the 49ers organization, bad decision making, undisciplined penalties and overall poor execution down the stretch against Chicago cost the 49ers the biggest upset of the season, as they fell to Chicago, 14-9, in their final home game of the season.
"The biggest thing is that you know that you had opportunities to win the game," Mullens said. "You had opportunities to step up and make the big play but that didn't happen. I think that's the thing that hurts the worst."
Entering Sunday's affair, the 49ers were tasked with moving the ball against the NFL's third-best defense. Giving up only 314 yards per game, Chicago also ranks first in the NFL in terms of turnover differential (+22).
On the opposite side of the spectrum, the 49ers ranked dead last in the NFL with a -13 turnover differential.
Scoring the first six points of the afternoon, San Francisco looked to turn the tables on Chicago by securing the game's first takeaway.
On a backwards pass from Bears quarterback Mitchell Trubisky, San Francisco blew up running back Tarik Cohen, putting the ball on the ground. Forty Niners defensive tackle DeForest Buckner would recover.
On two additional occasions, San Francisco looked to strip the ball out out of the hands of Bears players, but officials would rule the runners downed by contact in both instances.
"It's been a point of emphasis but you rarely get the opportunities we got in this game," 49ers starting cornerback Richard Sherman said. "It's more of a swarming mentality. Guys are playing free. Playing faster. It's not one guy making the tackle, it's three, four, five guys grabbing onto 'em and then you can go for the strip."
In addition to fumble recovery opportunities, the 49ers also picked off Trubisky, or so they thought.
Thanks to a pressure from Buckner, who flushed the second-year quarterback out of the pocket, Trubisky threw a pass straight into the chest of San Francisco cornerback K'Waun Williams. The interception, though, was negated, thanks to a holding penalty against 49ers linebacker Fred Warner.
"The receiver gave me a stutter-and-go and I collided with him late and that's what they called," Warner said. "It is what it is. It's a tough deal."
Seven plays later, Trubisky found wide receiver Anthony Miller in the front, left corner of the end zone to get the Bears on the board, giving Chicago a one-point lead.
Taking a 9-7 lead into the locker room after a Robbie Gould field goal (his third of the afternoon) to end the half, the 49ers had held Trubisky to only 137 yards through the air on 9-of-12 passing.
In the second half, Chicago gained a stranglehold on the game's time of possession, holding the ball for 20 of the potential 30 minutes of game time.
"They had a good game plan for what we were doing," Warner said. "We just had to get off of the field on some of those third downs make it a little more manageable in those situations."
While Chicago milked the clock, the 49ers did not help themselves in the fourth quarter as safety Marcell Harris was called for a late hit on Trubisky, as the Bears quarterback slid feet-first in attempt to gain a first down.
The hit drew flags but more importantly incited a melee on Chicago's sideline. Sherman found himself directly in the middle of the game-defining scuffle, throwing a pair of open-handed slaps at Bears wide receiver Joshua Bellamy.
The incident resulted in the ejection of Sherman, Bellamy and fellow Bears wideout Anthony Miller
"Sherman made it very clear to me that he was trying to get his brother's back," Shanahan said. "I respect the heck out of Sherm."
At that point in the game, the 49ers trailed 14-9, after Bears running back Jordan Howard had found paydirt on a 2-yard run at the tail end of the third quarter.
After Sherman, Bellamy and Miller's ejection, Chicago methodically ran the clock down to the two-minute warning before Tarvarius Moore punched the ball out of Allen Robinson's hands as he gained a Bears first down to all but seal a Chicago victory.
Giving the ball back to Shanahan's offense, led by Mullens, the 49ers set up shop on their own 24-yard line.
With a 25-yard pass to Kendrick Bourne, Mullens had the 49ers in range to complete a late-game comeback with 1:40 left on the clock.
After a pair of incomplete passes intended for tight end George Kittle, the 49ers found themselves up against the wall facing a fourth-and-4. Mullens took the snap and was flushed out to his right. Looking to have at least 10 yards of clean field ahead of him, Mullens opted to heave a pass 40 yards down field to a blanketed Marquise Goodwin, instead of tucking the ball to run. The pass sailed out of bounds.
"I've been replaying that play in my head since I walked off of the field," Mullens said after the game. "If you look at the film, I stood there for 30 seconds. Just understanding what I did and how big of a mistake it was."
Turning the ball over on downs, the 49ers watched the Bears line up in victory formation, fully cognizant of the opportunities that they squandered to take out a legitimate playoff contender.
"We knew it was going to be a dogfight," said Mullens. "We knew it was going to be tough. But we knew we'd have opportunities. So, it's exactly what we wanted. We just didn't take advantage and finish."
Running back Matt Breida went down in the second quarter, appearing to tweak his left leg after a five-yard carry. He went to the medical tent, and then the locker room. He did not return with what was deemed to be an ankle injury.
Breida has dealt with persistent ankle injuries all season and was very limited in practice this past week. At the time of the injury, he had 20 yards on four carries.
Jeff Wilsonwould gain just 27 yards on his 11 carries the rest of the day.
Jerebko answers call as Golden State Warriors overcome Dallas and Luca Dončić
San Francisco 49ers will be without injured Matt Breida, Dante Pettis against Rams


text:
START_ATF_NAMESPACE
    struct CUnmannedTraderItemState
    {
        typedef $7C043B02100353E56B76EDF5C6AF069E STATE;
        STATE m_eState;
    public:
        CUnmannedTraderItemState();
        void ctor_CUnmannedTraderItemState();
        void Clear();
        static unsigned int GetMaxStateCnt();
        STATE GetState();
        static wchar_t** GetStateStrList();
        static wchar_t* GetStateStrW(unsigned int uiInx);
        static bool PushUpdateState(char byType, unsigned int dwRegistSerial, char byState, unsigned int dwOwnerSerial, uint16_t wItemSerial, char byItemTableCode, uint16_t wItemTableIndex);
        bool Set(char byState);
        ~CUnmannedTraderItemState();
        void dtor_CUnmannedTraderItemState();
    };
    static_assert(ATF::checkSize<CUnmannedTraderItemState, 4>(), "CUnmannedTraderItemState");
END_ATF_NAMESPACE

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Triple Eight recruits Fraser for 2022 Super2
> News > Super2
By Connor O'Brien
Wednesday 15th December, 2021 - 7:00am
Declan Fraser
Triple Eight Race Engineering will field an all-new driver line-up in the 2022 Dunlop Super2 Series after announcing its recruitment of young gun Declan Fraser.
The Mackay product joins Triple Eight after a solid rookie campaign at MW Motorsport that included a third-place finish at Sydney Motorsport Park last month.
Fraser's final round of the season at Mount Panorama met an early finish, though, with a loose wheel nut sending his Nissan Altima heavily into the wall at Sulman Park.
That's all in the past now for the Mackay product, who will form a dynamic one-two combination with newly crowned Porsche Paynter Dixon Carrera Cup Australia title winner Cameron Hill.
The duo replace 2021 Super2 victor Broc Feeney, who will succeed retiring legend Jamie Whincup in the team's main game squad, and Angelo Mouzouris, whose future is not yet known.
"I couldn't be more excited about this opportunity to drive for Triple Eight for season 2022," said Fraser, 21.
"The chance to race with and for the team that are the benchmark in our sport in terms of professionalism and performance is one that I intend to grab onto with both hands and will be doing everything I can to deliver further success to Triple Eight, my sponsors and supporters.
"I had a fantastic rookie year with some strong results and now I'm looking forward to next year and picking up where Broc left off.
"I'm going to throw everything I can at winning the championship and I know that being with Triple Eight, I'm going to be in a winning environment and will also have all the resources to do so both on and off the track.
"I cannot thank Jamie and the team enough for the support and belief they have shown in me and for welcoming me to the team.
"I'm really looking forward to testing and getting the season underway."
Whincup, who is transitioning into the role of managing director at Triple Eight, welcomed Fraser aboard.
"Now we've secured our Super2 driving line-up for next year, we can fully focus on our objectives for the 2022 season and give both Declan and Cameron the resources they need on and off the track to ensure they both give it a red-hot crack," said Whincup.
"We pride ourselves on giving young talent a shot at the big league, and Triple Eight's Super2 programme is a breeding ground for young drivers, engineers and mechanics who have their sights on reaching the top-tier of Australian motorsport, which is Supercars.
"We're thrilled to welcome Declan to the Banyo stables.
"He's a ripping young kid, and I truly believe he'll be one to keep an eye on heading into the 2022 season."
Fraser's departure affirms there'll be significant change in the MWM ranks this off-season.
With Josh Fife having exited the team prior to Bathurst and Jayden Ojeda linked with a Walkinshaw Super2 programme, Tyler Everingham could be MWM's only returning driver – albeit the Dubbo talent has not been announced for 2022 either.
The 2022 Super2 calendar will comprise of six events: Newcastle, Perth, Townsville, Sandown, Bathurst, and Sydney Motorsport Park.


text:
Court rejects suit over "60 Minutes" terrorism funding story
The First Amendment protects statements in a "60 Minutes" story about the alleged use of a chicken processing company as…
The First Amendment protects statements in a "60 Minutes" story about the alleged use of a chicken processing company as a cover for terrorism financing in the United States, a federal court ruled earlier this week.
A U.S. district judge in Washington, D.C., dismissed on Wednesday a defamation lawsuit against CBS and a self-described "terrorist hunter" book author who appeared on the newsmagazine in May 2003. The 13-minute segment focused on the author's five-years of research into Muslim terrorism financing in the United States and the federal government's use of her tips in its terrorist financing investigations.
Relying in part on information provided by the woman — named Rita Katz, but disguised on the broadcast and referred to as "Sarah" — federal law enforcement officers executed search warrants on a poultry producer and processor in Georgia. The "60 Minutes" segment centered on the investigation, conducted one year earlier. No criminal charges resulted from the investigation.
Mar-Jac Poultry Inc. alleged that the broadcast defamed the company by implying that it engaged in money laundering activities in an effort to support terrorists or terrorist organizations. Katz conveyed this defamatory implication, according to Mar-Jac, by her assertion that chicken is the "best cover for money laundering" because the numbers of dead chickens can be manipulated through a process that evades detection and renders proof of the misreported numbers unobtainable.
"But no reasonable jury could find that Ms. Katz's statements about laundering money through misreporting dead chickens were anything but rank speculation, surmise or hyperbole, engendered, perhaps, by her thrill at being involved in an uncover [sic] capacity," the court said in Mar-Jac Poultry, Inc. v. Katz.
Although Mar-Jac's name was never spoken during the broadcast, it was displayed several times throughout the piece, including on a chart Katz created to demonstrate the terrorist financing ring she discovered and on a large sign with the company's name and a drawing of a chicken that filled the entire screen during one portion of the broadcast. Thus, a jury could conclude that the statements were "of and concerning" Mar-Jac, the court held. A panel could also find the broadcast defamatory, it added.
However, the First Amendment protected the broadcast, which "touched upon a topic of significant public concern," and required dismissal of the charges, the court ruled. Specifically, Katz's "loose, figurative, or hyperbolic language" — for example, "if one wanted, one could report ten million dead chickens a year" — did not imply a verifiably false fact but merely indicated a belief or hypothesis. (The emphasis is in the opinion.)
"Looking at the Broadcast as a whole, any defamatory implication that money flowed through Mar-Jac to terrorists was presented as mere speculation," the court said. "Any further implication that Mar-Jac acted knowingly in laundering money to assist terrorists or terrorist groups remained so unspoken that it, too, could only be — at best — speculation and surmise. Accordingly, the challenged statements in the Broadcast are protected by the First Amendment." (The emphasis is in the opinion.)
Because the court ruled that the defamation claim failed under the First Amendment, it did not address CBS' defenses that it was protected because the broadcast did not endorse the accuracy of any of Katz's statements and was a privileged fair report of a governmental investigation.


text:
BEMQuery Selector Engine

---


text:
New NSFW Nintendo Switch and PS4 Game Leaked By Amazon
Amazon has leaked another game, this time for PS4 and Nintendo Switch. More specifically, the UK branch of the retailer has leaked that Dead or School is coming to the aforementioned platforms on March 13 via publisher Marvelous. At the moment, the listing only mentions a European release, but there's a good chance it's also coming to the United States on the same day or around the same time.
Developed by Studio Nanafushi, the hack-and-slash action game meets RPG debuted last year on PC via Steam. Meanwhile, it then came to Switch and PS4 a few months later, but only in Japan. Now, at the moment, a western release has not been officially announced, but it looks like Amazon has gone ahead and done the job of announcing that.
"As part of this adventure for a modern-day high school life, Hisako travels across Tokyo using the subway system with each mission being located at a familiar location in Tokyo," reads an official pitch of the game. "Players will travel through and explore locations such as Shinjuku, Asakusa, Akihabara, and Roppongi as they attempt to defeat the zombie infestation overthrowing the city. To aid Hisako's quest, players will also be able to upgrade Hisako's weapons and skill sets, as well as unlock entirely new weapons that will make sure the dead stay dead."
At the moment of publishing, there's been no official word of a western release of Dead or School, but that will probably be changing soon. In the meanwhile, you can read more about the game below, courtesy of an official rundown of its key features:
Explore Tokyo in a fast-paced 2.5D adventure – Take control of Hisako and explore different areas of Tokyo through the underground subway system while defeating hordes of different zombies and huge bosses.
Slice and shoot to salvation – Engage enemies with close-range sword attacks and long range weapon attacks which can be combined to create deadly combination attacks on the undead army roaming the city.
Upgrade and customize your loadout – Enhance Hisako's abilities using money and experience gained during combat with new weapons and skills.
Animated cut-scenes with Japanese voice-over – Enjoy cinematic animated cut-scenes with full Japanese voice-over.
Japanese indie gem – The highly sought after hack-and-slash indie darling, available in the west for the first time on console.
H/T, Gematsu.
New Pokemon Snap Release Date Revealed With New Trailer
Mario Kart World Record Finally Broken With Crazy Rainbow Road Shortcut
Final Fantasy 15 Actor Teases a Return to the Franchise
Gen 4 Is Trending Following Pokemon Diamond and Pearl Rumors


text:
en hu ro
Our News .
Hollywood Gossip, New Projects, First Looks.
in Events / 02.06.2021
Boss Level: Frank Grillo vs. Mel Gibson - June 4, only in cinemas
Frank Grillo, Naomi Watts and Mel Gibson lead cast in the action sci-fi movie from The Grey and The A-Team director Joe Carnahan.
Trapped in a time-loop that constantly repeats the day of his murder, former special forces agent Roy Pulver uncovers clues about a secret governmental project that could unlock the mystery behind his untimely death.
In a race against the clock, Pulver must hunt down Colonel Ventor, the powerful head of the government program, while outrunning skilled ruthless assassins determined to keep him from the truth in order to break out of the loop, save his family and live once again for tomorrow.
Boss Level stars Frank Grillo, Naomi Watts, Mel Gibson, Will Sasso, Ken Jeong, Annabelle Wallis, Michelle Yeoh and Selina Lo and will be released in Romanian cinemas by Prorom on June 4.
Boss Level Capcana timpului Frank Grillo Mel Gibson Naomi Watts Joe Carnahan
in Prorom movies on TV / 22.01.2021
Jason Statham takes the law into his own hands in Homefront on Antena 1
One of the most appreciated actors of the moment, Jason Statham takes his parental duties seriously and does his best to protect his daughter in the explosive Prorom film Homefront, which can be seen on Antena 1 – Sunday, January 24.
Phil Broker (Jason Statham) is a former DEA agent who has gone through a crisis after his action against a biker gang went horribly wrong and it cost the life of his boss' son. He is recently widowed and is left with a 9-years-old daughter, Maddy.
He decides to quit the turbulent and demanding life of thrill for Maddy's sake and retires to a small town. His daughter fights off a boy who was bullying her at school and this sets in motion a round of events that end in his direct confrontation with the local Meth drug lord (James Franco).
Homefront is directed by Gary Fleder (Runaway Jury, Don't Say a Word, Kiss the Girls) after a screenplay by Sylvester Stallone, based on the novel by Chuck Logan.
The cast of Homefront: Jason Statham, James Franco, Kate Bosworth, Winona Ryder, Frank Grillo and Rachelle Lefevre.
Homefront can be seen on Antena 1 - Sunday, January 24, at 20:00, and in rerun on Monday, January 25, at 22:45.
Homefront Jason Statham Gary Fleder Sylvester Stallone James Franco Prorom Movies on TV Antena 1
in First Look / 21.01.2021
New image from Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard: Salma Hayek Joins Samuel L. Jackson and Ryan Reynolds
A new Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard image gives fans of the 2017 action-comedy a first-look at Antonio Banderas' brand new villain in the upcoming sequel.
The 2017's Hitman's Bodyguard co-starred Samuel L. Jackson and Ryan Reynolds as a relentless bodyguard (Reynolds) and a manipulative assassin (Jackson) he's assigned to protect. Given the two have a past history, what should be an easy assignment gets complicated… and hilarious!
The director Patrick Hughes returns for the sequel, and has a star-studded line-up in store for this one. As seen in the above image, Reynolds, Jackson and Hayek will be facing off against a unnamed villain played by Antonio Banderas.
The sequel also star Morgan Freeman, Frank Grillo, Caroline Goodall and Richard E. Grant, the latter reprising his role of Mr. Seifert – another client of Reynolds' bodyguard Michael Bryce – from the first instalment.
Prorom will release Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard in cinemas this summer.
The Hitman's Bodyguard Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard Samuel L. Jackson Ryan Reynolds Salma Hayek Antonio Banderas
in Trailers / 20.05.2020
Mel Gibson and Kate Bosworth fight off criminals in new Force of Nature trailer
Mel Gibson teams up with Kate Bosworth and Emile Hirsch to fight off some deadly criminals in the midst of a Category 5 hurricane in the first trailer for Force of Nature.
Hirsch plays a cop who is trying to evacuate an apartment complex when he runs into Dr. Troy (Kate Bosworth) and her father, the latter of whom stubbornly refuses to leave his home despite the raging storm outside.
Little do they know that a group of thieves led by John the Baptist (David Zayas) are breaking into the building in pursuit of $55 million that has been hidden somewhere on the property.
Gibson reveals himself to be a retired detective who is familiar with the bad guys, and won't let them walk away with the money without a good old-fashioned fight.
Force of Nature, directed by Kate Bosworth husband, Michael Polish (90 Minutes in Heaven) and also starring Will Catlett, Swen Temmel, Tyler Jon Olson and Jorge Luis Ramos, will be available on various formats June 30 through Lionsgate.
Gibson will soon be seen opposite Frank Grillo in Joe Carnahan's action movie Boss Level.
Force of Nature will be distributed by Prorom in Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia.
Force of Nature Mel Gibson Kate Bosworth Emile Hirsch Michael Polish Trailer
in Hollywood / 05.03.2019
Frank Grillo Joins Ryan Reynolds and Samuel L. Jackson in Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard
According to Variety, Frank Grillo has been tapped to join the star-studded cast of Lionsgate's forthcoming action comedy sequel Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard.
Grillo will be portraying the role of an Interpol agent who will enlist the help of Michael (Ryan Reynolds), Darius (Samuel L. Jackson) and Sonia (Salma Hayek) to stop a cyber attack in Europe.
Grillo will be joining the returning cast members Ryan Reynolds, Samuel L. Jackson and Salma Hayek, who are all set to reprise their roles from the first movie.
The original movie, released in the summer of 2017, grossed $75.5 million in the U.S. and more than $180 million globally. His production budget was $30 million.
In the first film, the world's top protection agent (Reynolds) is called upon to guard the life of his mortal enemy, one of the world's most notorious hitmen (Jackson). The relentless bodyguard and manipulative assassin have been on the opposite end of the bullet for years and are thrown together for a wildly outrageous 24 hours. Hayek played the role of Sonia Kincaid, the hitman's wife.
Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard will again be directed by Patrick Hughes with Tom O'Connor to serve as the film's scriptwriter.
Millenium Media's Matt O'Toole and Campbell Grobman Film's Les Weldon are producing the sequel. Christa Campbell and Lati Grobman of Campbell Grobman along with Avi Lerner, Trevor Short, Boaz Davidson, Jeffrey Greenstein and Jonathan Yunger of Millennium are all set to executive produce.
Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard is expected to begin its production in March. The release date is set for 2020.
Frank Grillo will soon be seen in cinemas this year in the action thriller Boss Level alongside Mel Gibson and Michelle Yeoh.
Frank Grillo Salma Hayek Samuel L. Jackson Ryan Reynolds Sequel Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard
First Look 14
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What's Love Got To Do With It? – now in cinemas 27.01.2023
Oscars 2023: Everything Everywhere All At Once leads with 11 Oscar nominations 24.01.2023
Luc Besson's Valerian is coming to Antena 1 13.01.2023
What's Love Got To Do With It? Shekhar Kapur Lily James Shazad Latif Everything Everywhere All At Once Oscar Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets Luc Besson Antena 1 Prisoners Prorom Movies on TV Jake Gyllenhaal Hugh Jackman Michelle Yeoh Ke Huy Quan Asterix: The Secret of the Magic Potion Kanal D How To Be a Latin Lover
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text:
Col de Torrent är ett bergspass i Schweiz.   Det ligger i distriktet Hérens och kantonen Valais, i den södra delen av landet,  km söder om huvudstaden Bern. Col de Torrent ligger  meter över havet.

Terrängen runt Col de Torrent är huvudsakligen mycket bergig. Col de Torrent ligger uppe på en höjd. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Sasseneire,  meter över havet,  km nordväst om Col de Torrent. Närmaste större samhälle är Sion,  km nordväst om Col de Torrent.

Trakten runt Col de Torrent består i huvudsak av gräsmarker. Runt Col de Torrent är det glesbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer.

Kommentarer

Källor

Bergspass i Valais
Kontrollbehov inkommande wikilänkar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package org.keycloak.models.cache.infinispan.events;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.keycloak.models.ClientModel;
import org.keycloak.models.RoleModel;
import org.keycloak.models.cache.infinispan.RealmCacheManager;

/**
 * @author Marek Posolda
 */
public class ClientRemovedEvent extends InvalidationEvent implements RealmCacheInvalidationEvent {

    private String clientUuid;
    private String clientId;
    private String realmId;
    // roleId -> roleName
    private Map<String, String> clientRoles;

    public static ClientRemovedEvent create(ClientModel client) {
        ClientRemovedEvent event = new ClientRemovedEvent();

        event.realmId = client.getRealm().getId();
        event.clientUuid = client.getId();
        event.clientId = client.getClientId();
        event.clientRoles = new HashMap<>();
        for (RoleModel clientRole : client.getRoles()) {
            event.clientRoles.put(clientRole.getId(), clientRole.getName());
        }

        return event;
    }

    @Override
    public String getId() {
        return clientUuid;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format("ClientRemovedEvent [ realmId=%s, clientUuid=%s, clientId=%s, clientRoleIds=%s ]", realmId, clientUuid, clientId, clientRoles);
    }

    @Override
    public void addInvalidations(RealmCacheManager realmCache, Set<String> invalidations) {
        realmCache.clientRemoval(realmId, clientUuid, clientId, invalidations);

        // Separate iteration for all client roles to invalidate records dependent on them
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> clientRole : clientRoles.entrySet()) {
            String roleId = clientRole.getKey();
            String roleName = clientRole.getValue();
            realmCache.roleRemoval(roleId, roleName, clientUuid, invalidations);
        }
    }
}