Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air Purifier for Effective Extraction of Dust, Heavy Chemicals and Fumes at a Source. Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM is Perfect for Print shops, Laser Engraving shops, Soldering, Welding stations, etc.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air Purifier - Powerful Rugged air purifier for effective Dust and Chemical Extraction at a Source.
VOCs and Toxic Fume Extraction at a Source.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air Purifier is a Rugged, Efficient comercial Amaircare Air purifier for effective removal of airborne contaminants and chemcial substances at a source. Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM air purifier helps keep the air in your workplace free from most air contaminants and pollutants, and therefore iis a vital tool in maintaining the workplace Health and Safety.
Provides Extraction of solid airborne contaminants and chemical substances at the source and returns purified clean air back into the room.
Makes an essential and vital tool in maintaining the workplace Health and Safety.
Solid Metal construction provides greater protection for internal components and filters.
Durable housing ensures trouble free operation in most demanding environments for years.
Swivel wheel casters ensure high level of mobility and maneuverability even in very tight places.
No installation or hardwire connection is required - just plug it in.
Can be easily connected to the exhaust vent (if necessary) using available duct collar lid.
Solid Airborne contaminants down to 0.3 micron in size.
Toxic fumes from laser engraving machines.
Fumes from soldering and welding stations.
VOCs from laser printers and fax machines.
VOCs, ammonia, formaldehyde, PCBs, other specific chemicals.
No Installation is required for Stand Alone applications.
Requires connection to the exhaust vent if used with Plotters, Laser engraving machines.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air Purifier - Replacement Filters.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM air purifier features durable, impact resistant the all metal housing of Hexagonal design made out of 24 gauge cold rolled steel. (Amaircare 3000 model shown).
Appliance quality baked-on powder coating produces No toxic off gassing. Available in White textured color only.
The housing design is similar to Amaircare 3000 air purifier model. However, unlike preforated metal in Amaircare 3000, it features 360° steel enclosure with 6" duct collar connector for polluted air intake at the upper deck of the unit.
Clean air outlets / vents located on 4 sides out of 6 sides of the lower deck of the unit vented downward.
Quick access panels at the top of the unit ensures quick and easy filter replacement procedure.
Six wheel casters on the bottom panel ensure high level of stability and mobility at the same time, and make moving of the unit within the cleaning area almost effortless.
It also traps particles smaller than 0.3 micron at a rate below 99.97 %.
Features a "Perfect Seal HEPA" filter design and construction, when each filter is tested throughout construction to ensure it's integrity.
The Perfect Seal construction guarantees HEPA performance with 100% of the air passing through the HEPA media.
True HEPA effective surface area - 100 sq. ft.
Top-load filter compartment design makes HEPA and Carbon filter changing procedure convenient, fast and easy with no need for flipping the units up-side-down.
The VOCs canister is available as a part of the optional Plus Annual Filter Kit for effectively removal of hazardous VOCs that may off-gas from cleansers, paints, carpet, wallpaper, furniture, consumer electronics, etc.
Pre filter is the first stage of the air filtration system.
Washable reusable foam based pre filter traps large dust and dirt particles, and removes odors.
Pre filter covers the HEPA filter and can be easily replaced from the top of the unit.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM air purifier is equipped with Energy efficient Thermally protected Class "B" insulated motor with centrifugal fan and a Variable Speed control.
One piece Motor / Fan assembly is factory balanced to ensure a vibration and noise-free operation. The compact design of a motor / fan assembly leaves more room for placement of larger filters.
The Air flow Rating: 300 CFM (Cubic feet per minute) with all filters installed.
Level of Noise @ 6 feet: 68 dB (on High).
2250 sq. ft. @ 1 air change per hour.
1125 sq. ft. @ 2 air changes per hour.
Also available for 230 Volts, 50 / 60 Hz.
Power Rating: 1 Amps, 120 volts, 60 Hz.
Air Filtration System 3-Stage. Foam prefilter + True HEPA filter, VOC canister.
Pre Filter Foam based, washable reusable.
HEPA Filter Yes. 100 sq. ft. of 99.97% efficiency True HEPA filter media.
Carbon Filter VOC Canister with 6.5 lbs. of granulated carbon for removal of VOCs and Heavy chemicals.
Motor / Fan Assembly Single Energy efficient, thermally protected Class "B" insulated motor with centrifugal fan.
Run tested for 50,000 hrs.
Fan Rating, CFM 300 CFM (with filters installed).
Number of Speed Settings Variable Speed Fan Control.
Level of Noise 35 dB (Low) / 68 dB (High) @ 6 feet distance.
Connectors, Diameter inch. Intake: 6" Duct Collar at a top.
Outlet: 4 out of 6 sides of the bottom deck.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air Purifier as Stand Alone Air Purifier System.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air purifier is a powerful and versatile air purifier system for variety of commercial, industrial and workshop air purifier applications.
Intake: 6" duct collar (at a top of unit).
No hard wire connection is necessary. Plug-in only.
air is then vented out back into the room through the four vents located at the bottom of the air purifier.
Typical Application for Laser Engraving Workshops.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air purifier is also perfect for removal of Toxic fumes generated by Laser engraving machines. Connected to the exhaust vent of Laser Engraving machine, the 4000 HEPA CHEM creates a negative pressure inside machine. The toxic fumes created during the laser engraving process are drawn throguh the 4000 HEPA CHEM's air filtration system.. The 'clean' air is vented out back into the room through the four vents located at the bottom of the air purifier.
Typical Application for Welding Workshops.
Amaircare 4000 HEPA CHEM Air purifier is also perfect for purposes of removal Toxic fumes and heavy dust generated by the welding process. Connected to the exhaust hood of the welding station, the 4000 HEPA CHEM creates a negative pressure in the immediate working area. The air pollutants and toxic fumes created during the welding process are drawn into the 4000 HEPA CHEM's air filtration system, where they are trapped by large true HEPA filter and activated carbon canister. The 'clean' air is vented out back into the room through the four vents located at the bottom of the air purifier.


text:
The 22625 / 22626 Chennai–Bangalore AC Double Decker Express  is a Double Decker Express connecting  and . It is the 1st AC Double Decker Express in South India.

This train uses LHB coach. A Royapuram WAP-7 & Arakkonam WAP-4 locomotive, which are the powerful passenger electric locomotives of Indian Railways, is used to haul it. WAP-7 number 30332 of Royapuram Electric Loco Shed hauled the Inaugural Special.

Accommodations

This train comprises AC double decker chair car 10 & 2 luggage/parcel and generator cum brake van which is provided with the guards' cabin. Total coach composition is 12.

Coach composition
The train has 10 AC Chair cars, 2 power cars (Total 12 coaches).

References

Double-decker trains of India
Rail transport in Karnataka
Rail transport in Tamil Nadu
Transport in Bangalore
Transport in Chennai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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THE SUPPLY CHAIN DICTIONARY
Supply Chain MindedThe No.1 Online Source for Supply Chain Professionals
Planning & Forecasting Articles
What is Sales & Operations Planning?
Sales & Operations Planning: All demand (sales) and supply (capacity, materials) of a product is balanced and planned to secure on-time delivery...
The 4 Supply Chain Metrics
Tom Craig
Metrics are a way to measure performance; and, in turn, communicate that information to key executives in the company. Their value is how supply chain management is supporting the direction and strategy of the business. It is important that they present a strategic and tactical understanding of what is happening and how well it is happening. KPIs (key performance indicators) must be measurable. As a result, numerous metrics are about the logistics components. Some of these are good. However, they do not present a view of the total supply chain. Plus, many have little or no usefulness for the C-suite. Assessing logistics parts is a node-link approach and does not recognize the supply chain process.
Static Inventory an Untapped Source of Working Capital
Zaragoza Logistics Center (ZLC)
Inventory management policies that fail to keep pace with shifting product demand can lock up valuable working capital, especially in volatile markets. By dynamically managing inventory without compromising service levels, companies can free up these unexploited reserves of working capital.
S&OP, a vision for the future. An interview with Eric Tinker
Niels van Hove
In the last 30 years S&OP improved performance in many businesses. However, S&OP has not yet substantially delivered on its ultimate promise of enterprise wide resource management, rolling financial forecasting and strategy deployment. Whatever maturity model or consultancy support companies use, S&OP seems to get stuck. Worse, overall S&OP development and progress seems to have stalled. It sometimes seems like S&OP is stuck in a time warp, where the same old things as 30 years ago are being discussed.
Improving behaviours in support of world class S&OP: Coach for Excellence
An S&OP implementation requires many changes, not the least behavioural change. However, practitioners indicate that behaviours are not addressed enough in S&OP implementations. There are different behavioural change requirements during S&OP maturity stages. In three posts, three coaching phases will be explained to support leaders with behavioural change in their S&OP journey. These are; Coach to change, coach to sustain and coach for excellence; coach for excellence.
Procurement & Sourcing Articles
How Can Data Improve Supplier Decisions
Ben Goldwasser
In an ever-connected world, the availability of data along with the use of algorithms to make sense of it has become commonplace. This article explores the necessary steps to use data effectively, along with potential applications in the transportation and logistics industry.
Information-Based Negotiations in The Digital Age
Tom DePaoli
This article explores the concept of information-based negotiations and the upcoming technological advances that will substantially improve its effectiveness. It is different from some traditional approaches to negotiations. It is not the adversarial negotiation style with the emphasis on game playing, theatrics and taking full advantage of a supplier's weaknesses. In information-based negotiations the purchasing or supply chain professional gains a deep understanding of the supplier's industry, its margins and its culture.
Hurt, help or hero? How to define and get more out of your most important suppliers
Jonathan OBrien
Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) focuses on unlocking value from your supply base. However, to achieve that, you need to identify which suppliers are the most important to your business. If you can get this process right, you can be confident in knowing that you are directing precious resources to where they will have the greatest impact. Get it wrong, and you could find yourself missing key opportunities and being at risk of wasting time and energy in the wrong places.
How To Spot Supplier Risk During Pickups & Deliveries
When your carrier picks up or delivers your cargo, you should take some time to check for risky behaviors. This article reviews what to look for to ensure you're not working with carriers that will put your business at risk.
How To Spot Supplier Risk During On-Site Evaluations
Visiting your carriers in person provides a great opportunity to identify potentially risky behavior. In this article, we explore what you should look for to ensure you're working with safe, knowledgeable, and reliable carriers.
Manufacturing & Production Articles
The Long Tail of Inventory and Why It's Important
Vera Lim
The long tail is a concept established by Chris Anderson, who pointed out that the internet gave consumers choices beyond what was offered in physical stores. eCommerce offered niche markets the chance to appeal to their audience through major marketplaces likeAmazon, streaming services like Netflix, and music stores like the iTunes Music Store.
No More Excuses: Transformative IoT is Staring You in the Face
Many manufacturers claim they are paralyzed by thoughts of putting the Internet of Things to work for them because they can't justify the business case to put the wheels in motion. To these manufacturers I say, "Don't make it more complicated than it needs to be."
Predictive Analytics Let Manufacturers See More Clearly into their Supply Chains
Not that long ago, supply chain visibility tended to be an internally-focused process, one that allowed manufacturers to know when exactly they could expect to receive inbound goods and materials from their suppliers so they could plan and adjust their production schedules. While that's still an important capability for companies to have, the Age of the Consumer has shifted the focus of visibility initiatives in the direction of the customers.
Rise of the Grocers
James Wilkinson
In the past century, grocery chains have grown in power and control of their supply chains placing increasing demands and an enormous burden on their suppliers. But do manufacturers have an ace up their sleeves?
How 3D printing is set to shake up manufacturing supply chains
3D printing has come a long way in an extremely short span of time. Initially built by Charles Hull in the 1980s as a tool for making basic polymer objects, today, the technology has spurred remarkable efforts in several manufacturing sectors; from building intricate aircraft and race car components, to human organs and prostheses.
Warehouse & Transport Articles
6 Tips for Maximizing Efficiency and Productivity of Warehouse Operations
Kevin Hill
As a warehouse manager, you would understand that handling warehouse operations are a massive task. One small mistake may affect the efficiency and productivity of the warehouse. You must continually implement measures to optimize various warehouse processes and improve the overall effectiveness of the operations involved. Apart from minimizing downtime and increasing productivity, it is essential to improve your supply chain. Let us look at a few tips that help in achieving the same.
Robot Trucks or Autonomous Vehicles Will Revolutionize the Supply Chain
Most supply chain professionals do not completely understand the disruption and upgrades that autonomous vehicles, specifically what I call robot trucks, will create. Most cannot get past the pitfalls and possible barriers to robot trucks. I define robot trucks with a much broader perspective. I include trucks of all sizes and even internal plant material handling equipment like fork-lifts and automatic guided vehicles (AVGs). The biggest leap is that robot trucks will learn! Many doubters just cannot get past this. Although not complete artificial intelligence (AI), robot trucks will adapt on their own, to conditions and circumstances, and build an open memory of what to do.
Data Integration Made Sexy
Nathan Brown
Time and again, software buyers make purchasing decisions based on features offered, but often overlook how data will be integrated only to find out that it won't be easy. However, there is a way to avoid this headache. Learn why modern enterprises are making data integration a priority instead of an afterthought.
How to Avoid the Most Common Warehouse Safety Hazards
According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, the rate of fatal injuries for warehouse work is higher than the national average. Warehouses are full of potential safety hazards, but employers and workers can minimize these risks by taking proper safety measures.
Out Darn Spot! Out, I Say!
David Landau
For shippers who regularly leverage the spot market, it's been a buyers' market the last few years. One shipper I've worked with saved more than 9 percent on freight spend simply by moving away from only using brokers to using (temporarily) the spot market for almost all of their loads. But, like Wright's dog, is that market about to be gone? Let's start by looking at the numbers.
Warhouse & Transport Articles
Reverse Logistics Articles
Returns – A Threat to the Bottom Line or an Opportunity to Cut Costs?
Robin Kiziak
The notion of reverse logistics isn't new, of course. The function has been around since the Phoenicians began shipping amphorae of wine to Rome in 1,500 BC. Processes have moved on since then but reverse logistics is the conundrum that every company will face at one time or another and how it deals with this issue will determine whether it is an opportunity or threat to the business.
Supply Chain Sustainability Takes Root
Sustainability is rising. Born out of global concern over climate change, on April 22, 2016, a record 175 countries signed the Paris climate agreement, voluntarily pledging to cut greenhouse gas emissions. When it comes to green and sustainable supply chains, though, cost cutting is still the driving force.
Why the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals matter to packaging professionals
In September, the United Nations adopted a final roadmap for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Broadly speaking, SDGs are targets for governments, communities and institutions to further international development. The 2030 agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals set in 2000 and includes 17 goals touching on a variety of social, environmental and economic issues ranging from gender equality to accessible and affordable clean energy. But do the 2030 SDGs have any impact on the work of packaging professionals?
To build sustainable products, listen to your customers
Today's leading companies are grappling with how to achieve progress on a complex array of sustainability-related goals, including the reduction of carbon emissions, toxic releases and water and materials usage.
Getting Packaging Costs Down to Size
It's a wrap for bulky, wasteful packaging. Shippers today have to satisfy consumers who not only demand that fewer materials be used in packaging, but also prefer those materials to have a low environmental impact.
Supply Chain Management articles
Transform Your Supply Chain For Omnichannel
The world is in the early stages of a global supply chain revolution. The Amazon Effect. The Internet of Things. Platform Businesses. The new supply chain will grow beyond omnichannel. It will cross into other industries and markets and will incorporate supply chains of products, information, and finance. All the elements of the New Supply Chain tie together. They are not separate steps. They are not to be selectively chosen or excluded. These are inter-related. The New Supply Chain brings performance excellence.
The Impact of Maintenance Operations On Supply Chain Management
Bryan Christiansen
We all know how delays in any part of the supply chain can cause significant problems and incur additional delays among the rest of the supply chain. One thing that is often overlooked but plays a major role in keeping the supply chain from crumbling down is maintenance management. In one way or another, you can connect maintenance activities with every stop in your supply chain. Be it transportation, production, or storage, a failure of one maintenance team can be felt throughout the supply chain. In that light, let's explore this idea into more detail.
Is Your Supply Chain Strategy Inside-Out or Outside-In?
Martin Verwijmeren
Digitization has changed everything. It's changed not only how we interact but how we make decisions with readily available information. This accessibility to information and organizations has flattened the playing field for every organization as they look to market and sell their wares.
How Industry Benchmarks Can Boost Your Asset Recovery
Dan Gettens
Are you confident your company is achieving the best possible asset recovery results? Do you know whether your return rate could go a few points higher? Or how feasible it would be to slash five, 10 or even 20 percent off your days of inventory? If not, you're not alone. Most businesses don't know what's truly achievable for companies of their kind. As a result, most asset recovery goals are guesstimates. Often, they're not aggressive enough, which means companies are leaving a lot of money on the table and dissatisfied customers in their wake. How industry benchmarks can boost your asset recovery.
Supply Chain Visibility: We Should Be Striving for More
For too long, supply chain visibility has been associated with pure track and trace and/or passive analytics. Our systems may provide some basic visibility but it's visibility that is not actionable. It tells you what goes wrong but it doesn't help you ensure that doesn't affect your relationship with your customers in real-time leaving you better at planning but not better at executing that plan. The question is how do you make our visibility actionable? How do you encourage and implement your supply chain visibility to better optimize your processes in the moment? How can you truly make visibility a core competitive advantage for your supply chain?
SUPPLY CHAIN VIDEO'S
Supply Chain Video
Accelerating the Shift to More Efficient Trucks
Leading companies like General Mills, Walmart, Pepsico, FedEx and Anheuser-Busch have made reducing fuel use and emissions from freight a priority in setting their internal supply chain performance goals.
Insight – Is it OK to lie?
Jonathan O'Brien talks about if it's OK to lie in a negotiation. Should we lie when negotiating? Lying is frequently regarded as a necessary component of negotiation, as part of the way the game is played. For negotiation we tend to use slightly different language to make it more palatable and we call it 'bluffing' or 'laying out a position'.
Supply Chain Execution Software Convergence
The supply chain software market is evolving toward platforms that optimize end-to-end processes and juggle constraints at all levels. How can an organization have a full range of supply chain execution (SCE) software at its disposal and still have massive execution problems?
3D Printing and The Supply Chains of The Future
It's not often that supply chain issues capture the wider public's imagination. However, there is one innovation in recent years, 3D printing, which appears to make Star Trek science a stunning reality and has broken into the public's consciousness.
Changing the Production Performance Metric
Anyone who has worked with asset intensive process manufacturers knows how hard it is to change the thinking about machine capacity utilization. Video about moving from inside-out production to outside-in demand and market focused is starting to turn.
Home Warehouse & Transport Articles Towards a Freight-Friendlier Rail System in Europe
Towards a Freight-Friendlier Rail System in Europe
By our Contributing Partner Zaragoza Logistics Center (ZLC)
The European Smart-Rail project launched this May with nearly 6 million Euros (around $7 million) of funding from the European Commission (EC), aims to make the mode a better option for commercial freight in Europe.
Nineteen organizations are participating in the project, which has an overarching goal of improving freight logistics rail services from the point of view of the shipper in five key areas of performance: reliability, delivery time, cost, flexibility, and visibility. The project is divided into work packages that are coordinated by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO).
The work package related to supply chain management is led by the Zaragoza Logistics Center (ZLC), Zaragoza, Spain, which brings its wide-ranging supply chain expertise to the project.
Traditionally, rail transportation in Europe has tended to favor passenger travel. "But the EC is now concerned about the movement of freight and how it can coexist with passenger transportation," says Susana Val, Associate Professor and Manager of the ZLC Transport Department.
The volume of freight transported by rail has a bigger impact in statistical terms than the number of passengers carried. According to Eurostat, in 2012 (the last year that information on the EU28 countries was collected) the modal split related to freight was: 75.1% road, 18.2% railway, and 6.7% inland waterways. For the same year, the modal split for passengers was 83.3% for cars, 9.2% for motor coaches, buses and trolley buses, and 7.4% for trains.
A challenge that needs to be addressed is how rail freight services can develop a new, service-oriented profile based on excellent on-time delivery performance at competitive prices. The mode must also find ways to interweave rail operations with other forms of transportation, meet the needs of shipper customers more effectively, and create innovative value-added services.
Although there are different operating models in Europe – some rail systems are privatized while others are run by government, for example – this should not impede the project, Val maintains. The idea is to improve services in certain corridors for enterprises that are current and potential users of rail transportation, regardless of the model of ownership. Also, many service providers already operate across Europe.
The Smart-Rail project will focus on increasing productivity by addressing current operational and system weaknesses and limitations, including interoperability issues, and finding cost-effective solutions to these problems. The team also aims to make the European rail system more supply chain oriented with new business models and ways to exchange information that are designed around the needs of shippers.
These general objectives will be translated into specific operational goals. Examples include achieving a 98% on-time delivery rate, attracting a broader range of cargoes to the mode, improving intermodal services, and the development of a decision support tool that helps the supply chain community to improve the productivity of rail transportation.
"In the case of the 98% on-time shipment goal, we will look at the control tower concept that places the shipper at the top of the pyramid, and provides stakeholders with better information on capacity that they can use to improve their planning processes," explains Val.
The work to develop a decision support tool will draw on the experience gained by ZLC in a previous project called FUTUREMED. This project was designed to make European ports more competitive by improving their communications with stakeholders in the hinterland. To achieve this, the participants created an IT platform for the sharing of information that improved supply chain visibility and eliminated manual, paper-based communications. "We are currently talking with IT companies that are interested in commercializing the platform," says Val.
This interoperability platform improves the efficiency and visibility of intermodal seaport-hinterland containerized transport corridors on transnational maritime door-to-door transport chains. It also makes possible the integration of port systems with inland logistic infrastructures. This improvement in integration involves not only terminal operators at seaport and inland facilities, but also all related stakeholders in intermodal corridors such as railway operators, shippers, railway undertakings, maritime agents, freight forwarders, truck companies and customs.
The Smart-Rail initiative will take a similar approach, and, it is hoped, deliver the same kinds of benefits. For example, FUTUREMED provided accurate and up-to-date information on intermodal corridors and their inland hub networks, which led to improvements in supply chain visibility and traceability. The project raised operational efficiency through superior planning systems and management resources. Waiting times for trains and trucks were reduced, improving both service levels and customer perceptions of services. FUTUREMED also reduced costs and increased the economic benefits of intermodal transport chains.
The Smart-Rail partners are currently defining the problems they want to focus on and reviewing past and current initiatives in Europe that might provide useful input. "We are looking for best practices and solutions and talking to project leaders to help us refine our vision," says Val. The project is due for completion in 2018.
For more information on the European Smart-Rail project contact Susana Val at sval@zlc.edu.es.
Article published by MIT Supply Chain Frontiers issue #58
Editor: Ken Cottrill
Previous articleWhat Would Happen to Orders if Your Customer Service Reps Disappeared?
Next articleWomen in logistics: there's more to the industry than just moving and lifting
http://www.zlc.edu.es
Zaragoza Logistics Center (ZLC) is a research institute established by the Government of Aragon in Spain in partnership with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Zaragoza. Founded in 2003, the ZLC campus is located in the heart of PLAZA, the largest logistics park in the southwest of Europe that serves as a working laboratory to transfer new knowledge and working practices. ZLC mission is to create an international center of excellence for research and education in logistics and SCM that actively engages with industry and the public sector to develop and disseminate knowledge.
Supply Chain Minded is a very active and fast growing online community in Supply Chain for Planning, Sourcing, Manufacturing, Delivery and Reverse Logistics professionals. The Supply Chain Minded community aims to inform and connect professionals active in Supply Chain, Purchasing, Manufacturing, Warehousing, Transport, Distribution; Reverse Logistics, Service Logistics, Lean & Six Sigma, 3PL.
© Copyright - Supply Chain Minded 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Democrats are pushing each other further left in the debates, but a few candidates want to slow it down
Joe Perticone
From left: Sen. Amy Klobuchar, Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, Washington Gov. Jay Inslee. and former Rep. John Delaney.
Democratic presidential candidates pushed the 2020 field further to the left on a number of key issues during the first primary debate Wednesday night.
The massive roster of Democratic candidates features some of the most liberal politicians in decades.
A few candidates, however, have attempted to rein in the increasingly left-leaning field.
Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.
President Donald Trump and many Republicans have been admonished by Democrats, fact-checkers, and pundits for hyperbolic rhetoric on key issues, such as abortion and illegal immigration. On Twitter and during political rallies, Trump routinely says Democrats want "open borders" and unrestricted access to abortion at all times.
But the first Democratic primary debate of the 2020 election cycle featured just that: candidates vowing to decriminalize unlawful border crossings and refusing to name a single limitation they would put on abortion.
Read more: Julián Castro managed to break from the pack and dominate the stage at the first 2020 Democratic debate
"I would make certain that every woman has access to the full range of reproductive healthcare services, and that includes birth control. It includes abortion. It includes everything for a woman," Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts said when asked whether she would "put limits on — any limits on abortion" by the NBC News moderator Lester Holt.
A recent poll by NPR, PBS NewsHour, and Marist found that very few Americans, including pro-choice Democrats, supported unrestricted abortion access. While most Americans in the poll said they wanted the landmark Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade to be upheld, only 21% of respondents favored expanding abortion to be permitted under any circumstance.
Warren took other far-left healthcare stances as well. When moderators asked for a show of hands of who would eliminate the entire private-health-insurance industry, Warren volunteered.
Former Rep. John Delaney of Maryland, who has been running for president since mid-2017, pushed back on the idea of eliminating an entire industry, saying "100 million Americans say they like their private health insurance."
"I mean, I think we should be the party that keeps what's working and fixes what's broken," he said. "I mean, doesn't that make sense? I mean, we should give everyone in this country healthcare as a basic human right for free, full stop."
"But we should also give them the option to buy private insurance," Delaney added. "Why do we have to stand for taking away something from people?"
Decriminalizing border crossings
On immigration, former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro challenged the rest of the candidates to commit to repealing Sec. 1325 of the US Code, which makes it a criminal offense for migrants improperly entering the US.
When former Texas Rep. Beto O'Rourke tried to pivot to just addressing asylum seekers, Castro snapped at the former Senate candidate and reiterated his demand to allow unrestricted border crossings, with the exception of smugglers, human traffickers, and the like.
"I think that you should do your homework on this issue," Castro told O'Rourke. "If you did your homework on this issue, you would know that we should repeal this section."
Read more:Julián Castro is running for president in 2020. Here's everything we know about the candidate and how he stacks up against the competition.
Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota tried to distance herself from Castro's position but added she would be "happy to look at his proposal."
"But I do think you want to make sure that you have provisions in place that allow you to go after traffickers and allow you to go after people who are violating the law," she said.
Thursday night's debate will feature 10 more candidates, including Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who has delivered impassioned speeches about advancing socialism, and several others on the left wing of the Democratic Party.
But the second debate lineup also features a few moderates in former Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper and former Vice President Joe Biden. Whether they break from the pack could shape the tone of the debate.
SEE ALSO: These 3 candidates got the most speaking time in the first 2020 Democratic debate
More: 2020 election 2020 debates analysis Elizabeth Warren


Home → How to decide what kind of mattress you need: best price on king size mattress?
Many individuals become confused when trying to purchase comfortable furniture. Any family generally need a comfortable furniture. Presently ordering a new mattress is a serious task. Of course, before you purchase a bed, you must study a some information bit about it.
There are a few momentous things about reviews best mattresses to think about when you're buying any mattress. What are you ordering when you buy a mattress? Highly recommended to take some time to consider the matter. We looked at comfort, as well as value. Using data from consumer reviews we examine five of the best rated mattresses of the year and ranked them accordingly. Present some manufacturers will market their beds as completely organic when in reality only one or two components are certified organic. However, several online mattress companies have developed mattresses that have a universal comfort. It is a perfect way to start. So it's a good idea to make a list of why you want new mattress, as these types of mattresses differ in price. Modern consumers are choosing to purchase latex mattresses. This has many advantages, but it is ordinarily more simple. Last ten years, it's one of a kind product that is a must-have these days. This is commonly a good idea, specifically your first time out. Secondly you need note the points you would need when choosing this one. Buyers who are looking for furniture can select from wide range of types.
Now we also have tried to explore some of the main points about best price on king size mattress. Without fail, there are some factors you should consider about best price on king size mattress. However, you need to understand one fact that there are wide ranges of companies are available depending upon your needs. In the long run this aspects are same all across the world. Sure, it doesn't matter.
With all of these aspects, you'll have no trouble finding the best mattress for your situation. Secondly if you follow above tips, you should be good to go.


Early Bird specials (10% discount) will be available for the first 100 bookings.
Festival delegates: For delegates who only want to attend the festival performances, social events etc.
Each registered delegate will receive a code which entitles them to a certain number of theatre tickets, which can be booked online. However, delegates will be free to also book for additional theatre performances as their programme allows.
Once registered, delegates can attend most events (not performances) on a first-come, first-served basis. However to have guaranteed entry to events, it is recommended that you register correctly for those events.
There have been many queries about accommodation in Cape Town. The website is now carrying information about the hotels that we will be using for delegates, and the other options available. For those people on a budget, backpacker's hostels and airbnb options are also available. It would be preferable for delegates to stay in the City Bowl, in walking distance of the main venues, Artscape and City Hall. Please consult the website http://www.assitej2017.org.za/logistics/ for more information.


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Celebrities That Live In Minnesota
Home / Celebrity Homes / Celebrities That Live In Minnesota
Not all celebrities just live in Los Angeles and New York City. Some prefer to live in other areas in the United States and even the world. Did you know that there are some celebrities that live in the Minnesota area? Some of the celebrities include politicians, actors, and musicians. Finally, we will look at this list of celebrities that live in Minnesota.
Jessica Lange is an amazing actress. She is best known for her roles in the movies Tootsie, Country, and Blue Sky. She also starred in HBO's series Grey Gardens, as well as FX's American Horror Story series. Additionally, she portrayed Joan Crawford in the epic miniseries Feud, alongside Susan Sarandon as Bette Davis. Lange lived in a 4,400 sq ft home in Stillwater, MN until 2008. Furthermore, the town sits on the west bank of the St. Croix River.
Kevin Garnett is a retired professional basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics. In 1999 he was drafted into the NBA by the Minnesota Timberwolves. Additionally, he was the first player in NBA history to be drafted right out of high school, in 20 years at the time. Furthermore, in 2007, Garnett purchased an 11,000 sq ft mansion in Long Lake, MN.
Randy Moss is a retired professional football player. He played for 14 seasons in the NFL. Moss was the wide receiver for multiple teams, including the Minnesota Vikings, Oakland Raiders, and the New England Patriots. Furthermore, Moss owns a 14,600 sq ft home in Long Lake, MN. Currently, it is worth an estimated $1.9 million.
Lindsay Whalen
Lindsay Whalen is the head coach at the University of Minnesota's women's basketball team. Prior to coaching, she was the point guard for the Connecticut Sun of the Women's National Basketball Association. She has also won two Olympic gold medals with the WNBA. Additionally, Whalen owns a gorgeous $ 900,000 home in the Golden Valley area of Minnesota.
Some Other Celebrities That Live In Minnesota
Jim Marshall - Member of the Minnesota Athletic Trainers' Association Hall of Fame. He was the head trainer at the University of Minnesota in the 1970s.
Kevin McHale - Retired professional basketball player. He played for the Boston Celtics.
Paul Molitor - Retired professional baseball player. He was also the manager of the Minnesota Twins.
Kent Hrbek - Retired baseball player. He played for the Minnesota Twins.
Jack Morris - Retired professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Detroit Tigers.
Conclusion: Celebrities That Live In Minnesota
Whether they are actors, directors, or musicians you now know some of the celebrities that currently live in Minnesota. Finally, if you enjoyed reading about celebrities that live in Minnesota then check out other articles on our site. Lastly, check out our Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook accounts and leave your thoughts and comments there too. What city or state do you want us to post on next? Please let us know.
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The benefits of a strong online presence for restaurants.
Thomas P
With the development of technology and the internet, having a significant online presence has become crucial for organizations of all sizes. This is particularly true for eateries because more and more diners are using the internet to explore and discover new restaurants. Having a great internet presence may benefit restaurants by bringing in […]
How to Be More Organized and Fun as a Parent
Being a parent is, at the same time, one of the best and most overwhelming roles we have. Even though there is a lot of helpful technology developed with the aim of making our lives easier and more optimal, it seems that now it's even more difficult to be a devoted and organised parent. […]
7 Ways of Up Scale Your Real Estate Video Marketing
Real estate is a highly competitive market, and video marketing can be a powerful tool for standing out from the competition and attracting more leads. According to statistics, 73% of homeowners prefer to do business with a real estate agent who uses video listings, and 70% of buyers value video tours when searching for a […]
Welcome to Urban Splatter, the blog about eccentric luxury real estate and celebrity houses for the inquisitive fans interested in lifestyle and design. Also find the latest architecture, construction, home improvement and travel posts.
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Members of the main opposition Virgin Islands Party (VIP) announced that they have been trying to ascertain whether former Chairman of the Party, and Third District Representative, Hon. Julian Fraser is still part of the VIP. The members announced that they are unsure of Hon. Fraser's position because he has not been communicating much with them.
During the inaugural 'VIP Moving Forward' television programme that was aired on Channel 51 last week, Thursday, Chairman of the VIP Hon. Andrew Fahie said that he has been trying to extend the proverbial olive branch to Hon. Fraser, but to no avail. In fact Hon. Fahie said that all invites that have been extended to Hon. Fraser, so far have clashed with the member's schedule and he has been unable to attend the functions.
"I will continue to do what I have to do, and the party will continue to do what it has to do, and hopefully his schedule will allow him to fit us in somewhere. If not, then the Virgin Islands Party will obviously have to find out from him if he intends to still be with the Virgin Islands Party or not," the Party Chairman said.
President of the Virgin Islands Party Dr. Natalio Wheatley who was the moderator of the program announced that it is time that the Party knows where Hon. Fraser stands: "You have a lot of positives about Honourable Fraser as a representative for the people of the Third District, and I give the most respect for his…years of service to the people of the Virgin Islands. But, I think we owe it to the people to let them know where we stand, where Honourable Fraser stands. I think he owes it to the people at this particular moment," Dr Wheatley said.
The situation of the Party and Hon. Fraser was also mentioned by VIP member Dr. Karl Dawson who said that he knows that members of the VIP have reached out to Hon. Fraser: "I've been around the table and I know the efforts that we have made to reach out to Honourable Fraser to assure him that he still has a place in the party as long as he wants it; but at the same time as the chairman rightly said, we cannot paralyze the party. At some point, we have to say look you're either with us or against us, and we need to move forward," Dr. Dawson stated.


TO acknowledge the centenary of the First World War, baritone Clint Hagel, actor Faye Stollery, and pianist Emily Grieve will present 'Songs and Letters of WW1: 1914-2014,' a recital of classical art-song, poetry, and prose from and about the war. The performance will take place Saturday, November 8 at 7:30PM in Muttart Hall at MacEwan University, Alberta College Campus (10050 MacDonald Drive). Tickets are available at Tix on the Square or by calling 780.420.1757, as well as at the door.
Works of art create a record of an individual's experiences, thoughts, and emotions. This concert will share the stories of people who witnessed WW1 first-hand. Alongside works by well-known artists, like Wilfred Owen and George Butterworth, materials from the City of Edmonton archives and the University of Alberta archives will be presented to explore the role of average Edmontonians in the conflict. The concert will conclude with contemporary reflections, including a song-cycle by award-winning Alberta composer Jesse Plessis, on texts by trench-poet Herbert Read.
Jesse Plessis is active as a pianist, conductor, and composer; he has recently performed at the Casalmaggiore Festival in Italy, the Dark Music Days Festival in Iceland, and at the Banff Centre. He currently directs the Centric Festival in Lethbridge, Alberta.
Actor Faye Stollery will present the written texts and serve as MC for the concert. Faye is a performer, director, writer, and certified yoga and meditation instructor; she runs Confidence Building and Stage Presence workshops at Alberta College Conservatory of Music, and is most recently known for her character, Lucille, in Something Raunchy (Happy Accident Clown Collective) and in Prussian Blue (Fool's Cold Cabaret).
Baritone Clint Hagel will perform the music for 'Songs and Letters of WW1.' He studied vocal performance at the University of Saskatchewan, and currently teaches voice at the Alberta College Conservatory of Music. Clint has performed in several Edmonton International Fringe Festivals in partnership with Ron Long as Il Duo. Clint's community involvement includes directing a Children's Choir, a Children's Music Theatre Ensemble, and a Women's Choir.
Emily Grieve carried out the research for this project, and will provide piano accompaniment. She is also on faculty at the Alberta College Conservatory of Music, where she studied for many years with pianist David Tutt. She has completed the Opera Nuova Summer Intensive program, and has worked as a vocal accompanist at Alberta College and the University of Alberta.


Is Internet Marketing Really Dead?
I just finished reading The Death of Internet Marketing (aff) by Mike Filsaime. Mike is an internet marketing heavy hitter. He's the guy that wrote Butterfly Marketing, so it seems he knows what he's talking about. In his latest free e-book he tells us why the way marketing has been done via … Read more about Is Internet Marketing Really Dead?


~1559, Thomas born in England.
1584, Thomas married Agnes in Rattlesden, England.
1606, Agnes died in England.
1628, Thomas died in England.
• 1/24/1645: "Thomas Brundish to be instituted to Felsham (Suffolk), on the presentation of John Rigsby." (S) A History of the English Church During the Civil Wars and Under the Commonwealth, 1640-1660, Shaw, 1900, P324.
i. John Brundish ( 2434), born 1593 in Suffolk Co., England.


College freshmen who binge drink are at greater risk of sexual assault, according to research conducted by Maria Testa.
BUFFALO, N.Y. -- Many young women who steer clear of alcohol while they're in high school may change their ways once they go off to college. And those who take up binge drinking may be at relatively high risk of sexual assault, according to a University at Buffalo-led study in the January issue of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
So for the new study, the research team followed 437 young women from high school graduation through freshman year of college. They found that of women who had never drank heavily in high school (if at all), nearly half admitted to heavy episodic drinking -- commonly called binge drinking -- at least once by the end of their first college semester. Young women who were already engaging in binge drinking in high school continued drinking at similar levels in college.
What's more, binge drinking was linked to students' risk of sexual victimization -- regardless of what their drinking habits had been in high school.
And the more alcohol those binges involved, the greater the likelihood of sexual assault. Of women who'd ever consumed 10 or more drinks in a sitting since starting college, 59 percent were sexually victimized by the end of their first semester. Though young women are not to blame for being victimized -- that fault lies squarely with the perpetrator -- if colleges can make more headway in reducing heavy drinking, they may be able to prevent more sexual assaults in the process.
The study also underscores the fact that even kids who don't drink in high school are at risk of heavy drinking once they head off to college, Testa said.
For parents, the bottom line is to talk with your kids about drinking before they go to college -- whatever you think their drinking habits have been in high school, according to Testa. And after they've left for college, keep talking.
"Parents still do have an impact on their kids after they go to college," Testa said. "Parenting is not over."


The exact biological functions of individual DNA polymerases still await clarification, and therefore appropriate reagents to probe their respective functions are required. In the present study, we report the development of a highly potent series of human DNA polymerase λ and β (pol λ and β) inhibitors based on the rhodanine scaffold. Both enzymes are involved in DNA repair and are thus considered as future drug targets. We expanded the chemical diversity of the small-molecule inhibitors arising from a high content screening and designed and synthesized 30 novel analogues. By biochemical evaluation, we discovered 23 highly active compounds against pol λ. Importantly, 10 of these small-molecules selectively inhibited pol λ and not the homologous pol β. We discovered 14 small-molecules that target pol β and found out that they are more potent than known inhibitors. We also investigated whether the discovered compounds sensitize cancer cells toward DNA-damaging reagents. Thus, we cotreated human colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2) with the small-molecule inhibitors and hydrogen peroxide or the approved drug temozolomide. Interestingly, the tested compounds sensitized Caco-2 cells to both genotoxic agents in a DNA repair pathway-dependent manner.


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Q: Click event on icon within div which is also clickable I have divs that serve as a dropdown button when they are clicked. I also have a trash icon for if the user wants to remove each item from the list. What I am trying to do is to remove the whole div item from the page if the trash icon is clicked.
I have tried accessing the icon with an click event, but it still drops down the div.

test.txt

Sub value

sub value 2

sub value 3

$(".remove").on('click', function(e){
    alert('test');
});

However this does not alert the page "test". It also doesn't work if I do
$(".valid-files").on('click', function(e){
    alert('test');
});

What I eventually want to do is delete the clickable div along with the corresponding div containing the list when the trash icon is clicked. I think I can manage that part on my own, nut I am not sure how to access the click event of the icon. Does anybody have any ideas?
As a side note, there could be multiple divs which have the classes collapsible btn-collaps text-center valid-files collapsed, and multiple corresponding divs with the collapse class.

A: The width of i is very negligible so when ever you was clicking, the click was on the parent dom. I believe with real icon this wont be the case.
Secondly you can use parent and remove function to remove the element from the dom

$(".valid-files").on('click', '.remove', function(e) {
  $(this).parent().remove();
  $("#a1").remove();
});
$(".valid-files").on('click', function(e) {});
.remove {
  width: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  height: 20px;
  border: 1px solid green;
}

Div Content
  test.txt

Sub value

sub value 2

sub value 3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Skupine oseb s posebnimi potrebami so: osebe z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, slepi in slabovidni, gluhi in naglušni, osebe z govorno-jezikovnimi motnjami, gibalno ovirane osebe, dolgotrajno bolne osebe, osebe z učnimi težavami, osebe s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami, osebe z motnjami avtističnega spektra.

POMEN ZAPOSLITVE
Lyons je v kanadski študiji je ugotovil, da je pri nekaterih osebah s posebnimi potrebami značilna socialna izolacija, neaktivnost, pomanjkanje smiselnega dela in prostočasnih dejavnosti . Profesionalci, ki delajo z ljudmi s posebnimi potrebami, vedno bolj razumejo, da tudi zato te osebe potrebujejo veliko izbiro služb, tudi tiste ki predstavljajo višje položaje in možnost karierne aspiracije, podobne kot jih imajo druge osebe .
Poleg očitne ekonomske koristi, zaposlitev nudi tudi pomembne psihološke in socialne možnosti. Delo ima pogosto velik vpliv na identiteto in samopodobo .  Zaposlitev je tudi en najbolj pomembnih dejavnikov za blagostanje osebe s posebnimi potrebami, kot poročajo Beyer, Brown, Akandi in Rapley . Blagostanje pa nadalje vpliva na boljšo posameznikovo produktivnost na delu .

NEZAPOSLENOST
V raziskavi iz leta 1995 Harris in sodelavci omenjajo, da so v ZDA beležili 43 milijonov oseb s posebnimi potrebami, od katerih jih je bilo zaposlenih za polni delovni čas le 34 % od tistih, ki so stari toliko, da bi lahko bili zaposleni. Pri tem je 2/3 nezaposlenih poročalo, da bi radi bili zaposleni . Kronična nezaposlenost lahko vodi  do izolacije, revščine in obupa .

OVIRE PRI ZAPOSLOVANJU IN DELU OSEB S PP
Ovir pri zaposlovanju oseb s posebnimi potrebami je več in na različnih nivojih. Problem predstavlja namreč tudi institucionalizacija nizkih pričakovanj do zmožnosti ljudi s posebnimi potrebami, saj se pri izplačilu dodatka namreč gleda predvsem kakšne so njihove nezmožnosti, ne pa zmožnosti za delo . Tako se osredotoča na šibka, namesto na močna področja.
Kot najpomembnejše ovire pri zaposlovanju oseb s posebnimi potrebami pa Fraser in Shrey navajata : zmotna prepričanja zaposlitvenega svetovalca o posebnih potrebah, pomanjkanje dostopnega prevoza, ekonomske ovire, počasnost rehabilitacijskega procesa, arhitekturne ovire, visok delež nezaposlenosti v državi, težave pri iskanju ljudi, ki so primerni za opravljanje določenega dela, prioritete pri izbiri kadra znotraj podjetja, premalo časa porabljenega za izobraževanje delodajalca, negativen odnos delodajalcev. Tudi same osebe, ki imajo posebne potrebe, so med skrbmi navajale stališča delodajalcev - menili so namreč, da ti ne prepoznajo njihove sposobnosti za opravljanje dela . Negativna pričakovanja so se s strani vodstva pojavljala tudi glede manjše fleksibilnosti invalidov, večje potrebe po načrtovanju in upoštevanju teh oseb, možne razdraženost v delovni enoti in stresnih situacij ki lahko nastanejo, dodatnih stroškov pri urejanju delovnega okolja in povečane potrebe po superviziji .
Med pomisleke pri zaposlovanju oseb s posebnimi potrebami med drugim spadajo stroški prilagoditev. Stroške predstavlja zagotovitev dostopnosti pripomočkov, ki so glede na vrsto potreb različni. Lahko gre npr. za bralne naprave za slepe, za prilagoditve preverjanj in materiala za uporabljanje, prilagajanje delovnega urnika  ipd. Raziskovalec Noel  je odkril, da naj sicer v praksi ti stroški ne bi predstavljali zares velikega bremena. 51 % podjetij je namreč uporabljalo prilagoditve, ki jim ne pomenijo nobenega finančnega bremena, 30 % pa jih je navajalo stroške do $500 (prib. 440 €). Delodajalci so sicer ob razmisleku o zaposlovanju invalidov, med svojimi pričakovanji poleg primerne izobrazbe, navajali dostop do tehnične pomoči. Menili so namreč, da mora biti delovno mesto ustrezno prilagojeno za asimilacijo invalida, stroške ki ob tem nastanejo, pa naj bi plačala družba .
Da je oseba s posebnimi potrebami bolj primerna za delo, hitreje in bolje pripravljena, pa obstaja tudi poklicna rehabilitacija. Tudi tu se ponovno pojavi ovira, saj kot je Harris v ameriški raziskavi  ugotovil, je veliko nezaposlenih oseb, zaposlitev želelo imeti. Kljub temu je le manjši delež oseb s posebnimi potrebami koristil storitve zaposlitvene rehabilitacije, vsi pa niti niso bili seznanjeni s to možnostjo.
Še en negativni vidik pri zaposlovanju invalidov je ta, da naj delodajalci sicer ne bi imeli direktnih predsodkov do njih, vendar pa pričakujejo, da se bodo na delovnem mestu pojavili problemi, kot poroča Soder . Ko pa se ljudje dejansko srečajo z osebami s posebnimi potrebami, se lahko pojavijo tudi občutja depresivnosti, anksioznosti, pomilovanja, izogibanja in izključevanja po poročanju Wrighta . Če se pojavijo negativna stališča, lahko ta temeljijo na odnosu, ki ga imajo osebe že od prej, odvisna pa so tudi od udobnost situacije, v kateri naj bi se nahajali z osebo s posebnimi potrebami . Grand, Bernier and Strohmer  so ugotovili, da so bili ljudje bolj pripravljeni sprejeti tiste osebe s posebnimi potrebami, s katerimi naj bi delali v manj intimnih situacijah. Hkrati so bili najboljši napovedniki  za pozitivna stališča do oseb s posebnimi potrebami mladost, višja izobrazba in dejanski kontakt s temi osebami. Tako se je v manjših organizacijah z malo zaposlenimi osebami s kognitivnimi primanjkljaji tudi pojavljalo najmanj negativnih stališč do teh oseb, po poročanju Harrisona in Tomesa .

Večkrat je poudarjena vloga delodajalca pri zaposlovanju oseb, pri njihovem počutju, sprejetosti in učinkovitosti na delovnem mestu. Njihovi odnosi in stališča so različni. Velikokrat se pojavljajo ovire, ki so posledica stereotipov, pomanjkanja usposabljanja, znanja in izkušenj med zaposlovalci . Ljudje, ki nimajo posebnih potreb, imajo lahko nizka pričakovanja do oseb s posebnimi potrebami in od njih ne pričakujejo, da bodo lahko učinkovito opravljale delo. Bolj negativna stališča so se tudi pojavljala v podjetjih, kjer so imeli manj stikov z osebami s posebnimi potrebami. Večina podjetij je sicer izražala mnenje, da bi morali več storiti na področju integracije teh oseb v njihovo in druga podjetja . Pri tem pa se je izkazalo tudi, da vsi tega ne bi bili pripravljeni sprejeti v svojem podjetju, kot poročata Gibson in Groeneweg .
Stališča delodajalcev do oseb z različnimi potrebami pa se tudi razlikujejo glede na to, katera oseba se prijavlja na kakšno delovno mesto. To se je pokazalo tudi v raziskavah, npr. v eni od raziskav , kjer so direktorji in ravnatelji šol ocenjevali osebe, prijavljene za delo tajnika in učitelja 3. razreda. Predsodki so se pojavljali do vseh oseb s posebnimi potrebami (gluhih in oseb na invalidskih vozičkih), vendar v manjši meri kot do oseb z epilepsijo, bivših zapornikov in oseb, ki so bile odpuščene iz psihiatričnih bolnišnic. Večji pa kot do oseb, ki so se v preteklosti zdravile za tuberkulozo.  Ti rezultati so bili podobni pri direktorjih podjetij in šolskih ravnateljih. Nasploh so bili predsodki ravnateljev manjši, sicer pa so imeli ravnatelji večje predsodke pri zaposlovanju teh oseb za delo učitelja 3. razreda, kot za delo tajnika. Večji predsodki do gluhih in oseb na invalidskih vozičkih so lahko povezani s tem, koliko posebna potreba ovira samo delo. Izpostavili bi tudi to, da so delodajalci imeli več zadržkov pri zaposlovanju mentalno, kot fizično oškodovanih oseb, kar je ugotovil tudi Backenroth  v drugi raziskavi.

POZITIVNI VPLIVI OSEB S PP
Poleg mnogih predsodkov se na delovnem mestu lahko izkaže tudi kar nekaj pozitivnih plati zaposlitve osebe s posebnimi potrebami. Invalid lahko na delovnem mestu prispeva tudi pozitivne človeške kvalitete in večjo socialno kompetentnost. Pripomore lahko k ustvarjanju boljše socialne klime, vpliva na večje razumevanja človeških pogojev pri drugih ljudeh, je koristen referent pri diskusiji problemov in del socialne odgovornosti na delovnem mestu . Glede učinkovitosti dela pa so rezultati zelo različni. Pomembno se je pri tem zavedati, da so odvisni od vrste posebne potrebe in delovnega mesta, stopnje prilagojenosti dela ipd. Kljub temu je pomemben rezultat nekaterih raziskav, ki so pokazale, da naj bi bile osebe s posebnimi potrebami enake tistim brez posebnih potreb glede produktivnosti, odsotnosti in poškodb . V nekaterih primerih pa naj bi bili zaposleni s posebnimi potrebami, celo bolj produktivni, imeli boljši odnos do dela in manj manjkali ter imeli manj poškodb, kot ostali zaposleni .

VPLIVI NA USPEŠNO VKLJUČEVANJE
Osebe s posebnimi potrebami, ki se vključujejo na neko delovno mesto imajo lahko določeno posebno potrebo že celo življenje, lahko jo postopno pridobivajo, ko se jim stanje slabša, lahko pa pride do poškodbe, zaradi katere nenadoma postanejo oseba s posebnimi potrebami. Na tej točki bi omenili 4 faze, skozi katere gre oseba ob odhodu in vrnitvi na delo, ki jih Jeppsson Grassman  sicer navaja v kontekstu poškodbe vida. Lahko jih namreč posplošimo tudi na vedenje osebe, ki kasneje v življenju pridobi tudi kakšno drugo posebno potrebo. Najprej se pojavi faza zanikanja. Oseba ugotovi, kako je biti bolan oz. poškodovan, negativne posledice v delovnem okolju pa postanejo opazne. Druga faza je prekinitev. V tej fazi oseba začasno odide iz delovnega okolja, zdravljenje in rehabilitacija se začneta. V tretji fazi obnove oseba poskusi ponovno delati. Vključena sta fizični (dostopnost delovnega mesta) in socialni element (posameznikova možnost, da je sprejet v delovno enoto). Četrta faza je normalizacija, ko delovno življenje spet postane zadovoljujoče za osebo. Pomembna je ponovna vzpostavitev ravnotežja med posameznikovimi sposobnostmi in potrebami ter viri in zahtevami na delovnem mestu.

Uspešnost vključevanja, ki je pomembna tudi za blagostanje na delovnem mestu je povezana z več dejavniki. S sposobnostjo doseganja delovnih zahtev, socialnim stikom z drugimi ljudmi, stopnjo užitka pri delu, sposobnostjo zamišljanja prihodnosti na delovnem mestu, odprtostjo, skupnim ciljem enakopravnosti vseh in s sodelovanjem med zdravimi osebami in tistimi s posebnimi potrebami. Kot primer slednjega lahko omenimo pozitiven vpliv učenja znakovnega jezika v podjetjih, kjer so zaposleni tudi gluhi .

Pri uspešnem vključevanju pa pomaga tudi tehnologija, ki osebam s posebnimi potrebami delo prilagodi. Z uporabo številnih tehničnih pripomočkov, lahko ob hitrem razvoju na področju računalništva in elektronike, kompenziramo nižje sposobnosti določenih zaposlenih . Larson  je pri preučevanju dela oseb s posebnimi potrebami ugotovil, da so največkrat slabovidni na delovnem mestu za kompenzacijo njihovih manjših sposobnosti, uporabljali računalniško tehnologijo. Potrebne pa so tudi prilagoditve, ki zmanjšujejo nevarnosti na delovnem mestu. Dobro oblikovani tehnični pripomočki pa so po poročanju Bonda, imeli pozitiven učinek na varnost in kvaliteto dela vseh zaposlenih .

ZAPOSLENI S POSAMEZNIMI POSEBNIMI POTREBAMI

SLEPI IN SLABOVIDNI
Ljudje so različno vključeni na klasična delovna mesta, glede na vrsto posebne potrebe in njeno stanje. Jeppsson-Grassman  je ugotovil, da kar 40% slabovidnih opravlja delo v klasičnem delovnem okolju, med njimi večji delež zaposlenih slabovidnih predstavljajo moški. Večjo možnost za nastop na delovno mesto so imeli tisti, ki so delali tam še pred poškodbo vida. Kar 75% oseb po poškodbi vida, se je namreč vrnilo na isto delovno mesto. To je bilo sicer težko in stresno, kot zelo pomembna pa se je pri tem izkazala socialna podpora in dobri organizacijski pogoji za vključitev v delo.

Primeri vključitve slepih in slabovidnih na delo v praksi :

Slaboviden hišnik je za boljšo prepoznavo predmetov v prostoru pri sesanju dobil dodatno osvetlitev na sesalcu in čelno svetilko.

Slabovidna strojepiska je za lažje razlikovanju med črkami dobila ščitnik pred bleščanjem na računalniški zaslon, na tipkovnici pa večje črke. Njena učinkovitost se je znatno izboljšala.

Slaboviden pomočnik v programu za invalide je imel težave pri branju tiskanih kopij, zato je za povečevanje gradiv uporabljal prenosni povečevalnik in video lupo.

Slepa oseba na delovnem mestu operaterja telefonske centrale v večjem podjetju je morala vedeti katere linije so bile na čakanju, zasedene ali v klicanju. Dobila je senzor za prepoznavanje svetlobe za ugotavljanje stanja gumbov, ki so bili prižgani, so utripali ali bili ugasnjeni. Prilagodili so tudi zvonjenje, da je bilo drugačno za zunanje in notranje klice.

Slepemu predstavnik službe za stike s strankami v finančni ustanovi so zagotovili programsko opremo za branje zaslona.

Tudi Hjelmquist in Jansson  sta poročala o prilagoditvi delovnega mesta za slepe in slabovidne z več računalniki na delovnem mestu, ki so olajšali komunikacijo preko prevoda pisanih besedil v Brailovo pisavo in govorjeno besedilo.

GLUHI IN NAGLUŠNI
Naglušne osebe so pogosto izključene iz socialnih krogov in delovnega življenja. Pomemben faktor pri tem, kako se oseba počuti in funkcionira na delovnem mestu, igrata tudi velikost delovne enote in podjetja. Več kot 50 % naglušnih oseb je poročalo, da morajo pogosto ugotavljati kaj je bilo rečeno v delovni enoti. Približno 16 % oseb drugim niti ne pove, da so naglušni in se raje potrudijo zdržati v fizično in psihosocialno ne najbolj primernem okolju za njih. Tretjina se jih počuti, da morajo delati bolj kot ostali, petina pa poroča o tem, da nimajo socialnih interakcij z drugimi uslužbenci med krajšimi odmori. Zato bi bilo pomembno vedeti, katere osebe na delovnem mestu so naglušne .
Stopnja naglušnosti naj ne bi vplivala na izkušnjo na delovnem mestu, po poročanja Soderlinda . Prav tako naj ne bi bila zelo pomembna dobra tehnologija ki jim je na voljo, pomembno pa je dobro psihosocialno delovno okolje na katero vplivajo predvsem medosebni odnosi na delovnem mestu, ki temeljijo na volji, moči in znanju ljudi po poročanju Soderlinda . Delovna klima, socialna povezanost in socialna podpora vplivajo na lažjo prilagoditev na delovnem mestu poroča Gullacksen . Pogost problem naglušnih oseb pa je, da, da imajo na delovnem mestu manj socialnih stikov z drugimi, kot sodelavci ki slišijo dobro in opravljajo enako delo kot oni. Tudi v delovnih okoljih, kjer je uporabljan znakovni jezik, obstajajo razne pomanjkljivosti . Nezadostni socialni stiki pa vplivajo tudi na to, da osebe dobijo manj povratne informacije, do njih ne pridejo vse pomembne informacije, imajo manj navdiha na delu, manj možnosti za nadaljnje izobraževanje, izolacija, nepotrjena identiteta, nezadostno spoštovanje od drugih sodelavcev, psihološka utrujenost in neuravnovešenost . Prihaja tudi do konfliktov z drugimi sodelavci in odhajanje z delovnega mesta ali predčasno upokojevanje Soderlind poroča .
Pri gluhih in naglušnih osebah pa na delovnem mestu velikokrat pride do 'dvojnega življenja', pri katerem oseba nastopa kot običajen delavec in pa kot oseba s posebnimi potrebami. Tega po navadi ne opazi nihče drug, kot oseba sama, vendar taki vlogi vplivata na fizične in psihološke posledice. To negativno vpliva na dejanske sposobnosti osebe, vodi do stresa, napetosti, utrujenosti in nižje samozavesti. Kaže se kot nezadovoljstvo s situacijo na delovnem mestu in če ti znaki niso dovolj zgodaj opaženi, se lahko pojavi samo še večja obremenjenost, stres in počasnejša rehabilitacija pri osebi. Če pa oseba niti ne prepozna svoje naglušnosti, lahko to na delovnem mestu vodi do nižje podpore drugih oseb poroča Gullacksen . Značilno za gluhe in naglušne osebe je tudi, da nimajo trajnih zaposlitev, poročajo pa tudi o redkejših možnostih za izboljševanje njihovih kompetenc in o manjši podpori na in izven delovnega mesta. Zato so tudi bolj ranljivi, sploh kadar pride do raznih sprememb na delovnem mestu .
Poleg tega je Larsson poročal tudi, da so od oseb s posebnimi potrebami, slušno oškodovani najpogosteje poročali, da so dobivali naloge, ki so pod nivojem njihovih zmožnosti . Pojavlja pa se tudi kar nekaj naglušnih oseb, ki ne želijo menjati služb, ostajajo na istem delovnem mestu in tako pridobijo visoke spretnosti pri svojem delu, vendar pa ne dobijo možnosti, da bi svoje kompetence razvijali .

V Sloveniji naj bi bilo sicer najbolj urejeno zaposlovanje gluhih in naglušnih oseb, najmanj pa zaposlovanje oseb z motnjo v duševnem razvoju .
Primeri vključitve gluhih in naglušnih na delo v praksi :

Elektro serviser z napredujočo izgubo sluha je včasih delal na višini v posebna košara za delo na transformatorjih in daljnovodih. Pri tem je moral komunicirati s sodelavci na tleh in v tovornjaku. Prej si je pri tem pomagal z radio napravo (wakie tokie), ker pa se je stanje poslabšalo, so te nadomestili z SMS sporočili preko telefonov. Tako se je komunikacija med zaposlenimi izboljšala.

Naglušna strokovna delavka (intervencije) je imela težave z oglašanjem na telefon, ko je bila dežurna (v domačem okolju). Pred spanjem je namreč izključila slušni aparat in ni slišala zvonjenja telefona. Delodajalec je priskrbel vibracijski pozivnik, poleg tega pa še telefonski sprejemnik in oddajnik, ki signal pošilja v napravo za vibracijsko tresenje postelje. Tako je zaposlena lahko ostala v službi tudi v nočnem času.

Pred zaposlitvijo močno naglušne osebe v skladišču, kjer uporabljajo viličarje in druge delovne stroje je delodajalec zagotovil zdravo in varno delo tako, da je uredil varne poti po skladišču, jih označil z rumeno, ne delovne stroje so namestili opozorilne luči, na mrtve kote v skladišču a ogledala. Naglušnemu delavcu so priskrbeli živobarvno delovno obleko, da bi bili naj bolj pozorni tudi ostali delavci. Priskrbeli so tudi vibracijski pozivnik, ki ga lahko aktivira sodelavec v primeru nevarnosti.

 GLEJ TUDI
slušna prizadetost

ADHD
Osebe z ADHD so zaposlene v veliko organizacijah. Raziskave so sicer pokazale, da je učinkovitost teh oseb nižja od drugih. ADHD naj bi bil povezan s slabšo izvedbo pri delu (kot so o tem poročali delavci sami, njihovi sodelavci in supervizorji), odnos pa je bil močnejši pri izvajanju ene določene naloge, ker naj bi zaposlenim z ADHD, pozornost bolj uhajala k drugim stvarem, ki z delom niso povezane. Vključenost v delo naj bi bila sicer bolj povezana v boljšo izvedbo, vendar tega odnosa pri osebah z ADHD ni bilo .

GLEJ TUDI
 motnja aktivnosti in pozornosti

MOTNJE AVISTIČNEGA SPEKTRA
Osebe, diagnosticirane z motnjo avtističnega spektra so različno pripravljene poročati o diagnozi delodajalcem, različno pripravljene sprejeti delo, kjer je potrebna interakcija s sodelavci in strankami in imajo različna mnenja in potrebe glede prilagoditev na delu. To je povezano tudi s tem, kako si želijo zatreti stigmo, ki se lahko pojavi. Razkritje njihove diagnoze pomeni posredovanje informacij o sebi, kar je lahko za osebo na delovnem mestu zaradi prilagoditev koristno, kljub temu, pa se nekateri za to ne odločijo. Obstaja namreč možnost diskriminacije, pojava stereotipov ipd. Lahko se pojavi tudi nezavedno kategoriziranje in označevanje. Ne želijo si tudi tega, da se ostale osebe počutijo pristojne za odločanje o vedenju in odločitvah. Sami poročajo tudi o tem, da so raje označeni kot npr. zelo introvertirani, kot da tvegajo stigmatizacijo. Osebe se tako včasih razkrijejo tistim, s katerimi so si bližje in jim zaupajo, vsem pa ne.
Osebe z motnjami avtističnega spektra se pogosto povezuje z motnjami komuniciranja in interakcije z drugimi ljudmi. Tako se zdijo dela, kjer je teh stikov manj, zanje primernejša. Nekatere osebe si res želijo delo, kjer nimajo toliko direktnega stika z drugimi ljudmi. Nekateri so pripravljeni delati z ljudmi, če je njihovo vedenje predvidljivo in odzivi vnaprej znani in določeni. Ena oseba je npr. poročala, da ji je bilo usmerjanje ljudi po knjižnici preveč neprijetno, ker so jo ljudje kar nenadoma vprašali za napotke. Vendar pa si nekateri želijo bolj socialno delo, ki jim lahko predstavlja izziv. Načeloma si ne želijo dela, ki poteka v večji množici ljudi. Primer dela, ki je nekaterim sprejemljivo, je npr. odpisovanje ljudem preko interneta ali pogovor po telefonu, saj se tako počutijo, da imajo nad situacijo več nadzora. Pomoč na delovnem mestu nekateri sprejmejo, nekateri prosijo za določene oblike pomoči, za katere vedo, da bi jim olajšale delo, nekateri pa pomoči ne želijo sprejeti, ker mislijo, da bodo zato nanje gledali kot na slabše delavce ali ker bodo drugi do njih nesramni. Ljudje lahko tudi menijo, da simptomi osebe niso tako hudi in da prilagoditev zares ne potrebuje, saj ljudje z blažjimi duševnimi motnjami navzven izgledajo 'normalni' .

GLEJ TUDI

avtizem

motnje avtističnega spektra

melatonin

metalotionein

OSEBE Z MOTNJAMI V DUŠEVNEM RAZVOJU
Primeri vključitve oseb z motnjami v duševnem razvoju na delo v praksi :

Delavec v proizvodnji s kognitivnimi motnjami in cerebralno paralizo je imel težave pri prijemu plastične stekleničke na katero mora natančno namestiti samolepilno etiketo. Izdelali so lesene šablone, ki zavarujejo steklenico, kar omogoča delavcu, da pri etiketiranju uporabi obe roki.

Trgovec si kognitivnimi motnjami si ni mogel zapomniti, kako nositi vse dele uniforme. Prilagoditev je zajemala fotografijo zaposlenega v celi uniformi in uporabo slike, kot pripomoček, ko se pripravlja za delo.

Trgovski referent si kognitivnimi motnjami ima težave na področju branja, zaradi česar težko vrne DVD na polico. Predlagali so oblikovanje slike z nalepkami za posamezne DVD-je, ki so enaki zapisu na polici. To je omogočilo zaposlenemu, da se je orientiral na slike in tako vrnil DVD na pravo polico.

GIBALNO OVIRANE OSEBE
Primeri vključitve gibalno oviranih oseb delo v praksi :

Kuhar pripravnik je bil na invalidskem vozičku. Za delo v kuhinji je bila potrebna stoječa višina, zato mu je delodajalec kupil invalidski voziček, ki je omogočal postavljanje v pokončni položaj.

Specialist za CAD/CAM tehnologijo je postal tetraplegik, zaradi česar je aktivnost njegovih rok omejena. Delodajalec je zato kupil programsko opremo za CAD, ki jo aktivira glas.

Medicinska sestra z multiplo sklerozo je potrebovala spremembe glede delovnega mesta in razporeda dela. Delodajalec je delovno mesto prilagodil, dovolil redne odmore za počitek in jo preselil bližje stranišču in prostoru za počitek.

 GLEJ TUDI

Zaposlovanje invalidov

VIRI

Organizacijska psihologija


text:
/**
 * Class constructor for icon toggle WSK component.
 * Implements WSK component design pattern defined at:
 * https://github.com/jasonmayes/mdl-component-design-pattern
 * @param {HTMLElement} element The element that will be upgraded.
 */
function MaterialIconToggle(element) {
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}

/**
 * Store constants in one place so they can be updated easily.
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 * @private
 */
MaterialIconToggle.prototype.Constant_ = {
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};

/**
 * Store strings for class names defined by this component that are used in
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 * decide to modify at a later date.
 * @enum {string}
 * @private
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/**
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/**
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/**
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/**
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/**
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MaterialIconToggle.prototype.blur_ = function(event) {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Insurgency and Allegiance in Revolutionary South Carolina
Kastanias, Conlan, History - Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia
Edelson, S. Max, History, University of Virginia
In 1778, the American Revolution in the north became stalemated. The British seemed unable to catch George Washington's Continental Army, which in turn, lacked the strength to retake British strongholds. With the French and Spanish entering the war and threatening Great Britain on a global scale, the British Commander Sir Henry Clinton and the American Secretary Lord George Germain decided to adjust the British strategy and turn efforts toward the south. Initially, the British Southern campaign appeared unstoppable. On May 12, 1780, Charleston and the largest Continental army in the South capitulated. British military success climaxed when Lord Cornwallis routed the last Continental Army in the south at Camden in August. Despite these British victories, resistance intensified in the South Carolina backcountry. This Patriot insurgency critically undermined the British war effort, and contributed to their ultimate defeat.
Many historians have focused on the failure of British policies and the effect of violence on inciting the growing insurgency. Much less well understood in the narrative of the Revolution in South Carolina is the effect of the previous decade's social upheaval and sectarian conflict on the allegiance of backcountry inhabitants. Few historians address the period from 1760 through 1774, and fewer still explicitly connect the social changes that occurred to the decisions made during the Revolutionary years. However, by examining British policies and the effects of violence within the context of the social discord of the 1760s and early 1770s, we can better understand why backcountry South Carolinians increasingly resisted British attempts to pacify the colony. Overtures to slaves, however vacillatory, alienated the rising planter elite that commanded the allegiance of large numbers of residents. Attempts to coordinate offensives with the Cherokee invoked memories of destruction and fear, and in a rare instance, united Patriots, Loyalists and neutrals in a campaign against the native allies of the British. The decision not to reinstate civil government and its apparatuses in the backcountry, subjected residents to the hardships that inspired the Regulation movement of the late 1760s. Lastly, the British occupation was defined by escalating violence that affected neutral civilians.
MA (Master of Arts)
American Revolution, South Carolina, Insurgency
https://doi.org/10.18130/v3-z01g-7m21
1_Kastanias_Conlan_2020_MA.pdf
Uploaded:May 09, 2020


text:
Stage & Arts 564584392
Minneapolis church is split over a tapestry, made by its women, that some call insensitive
By Jenna Ross Star Tribune
The embroideries loom large at Plymouth Congregational Church in Minneapolis. Intricate and colorful, 16 feet tall by 25 feet wide, they cover a huge wall in the church's Guild Hall.
But today, that wall is bare.
Plymouth leaders said one of the four seasonal embroideries contains images that are "disturbing and hurtful" and should no longer be displayed. First hung in 1974, the fall embroidery, titled "Churchmen in the New World," depicts Pilgrims and Native Americans gathered around a table — a harmful myth, they argue — as well as a slave ship with people being led away.
"We made a commitment at our church a couple of years ago to really look at racial justice issues," said Paula Northwood, acting senior minister. "We could see, OK, our white privilege has kept us from experiencing these images in a way a person of color would. For many of us, it took the blinders off."
Some members have objected to the embroidery's removal, saying it causes pain of another kind, including to the tight-knit group of women known as the Needlers, who met for years to stitch the massive artworks. They have petitioned for a congregational vote, set for Sunday, on an "alternative plan" to display the embroideries "in the same sequence and for the same time frames as they have historically been displayed."
Rather than taking down the embroidery — a work of art that highlights key moments in Congregationalist history — they say the church should add new artworks that better reflect the community's diversity, said Dobby West, a longtime member and author of the alternative plan.
Tom Wallace - Star Tribune file
Over 40 years, women at Plymouth Congregational Church stitched a series of themed tapestries for the church's Guild Hall.
"From our perspective, art is intended to raise questions, to challenge and be challenged," West said. "It is far better to use these embroideries as a way of eliciting discussion, of educating."
The disagreement, which has divided the congregation, comes at a time when institutions of all kinds are reconsidering their reflections of history. Governments and museums, among others, have taken down, added context to or switched out artworks deemed racist, outdated or inaccurate.
A church has a different calling than a museum or a government building, Northwood said. "You don't expect to go into a church and have trauma triggered — which is what we have heard from people. And now that we've heard it, we can't unhear it. We have to respond to it.
"Are we going to respond by saying: Oh, we hear this offends you, so we're going to put up some signs that say 'this is offensive,' but we're still going to hang onto this because this is ours? Or are we going to say: We hear you and we want to be different."
Northwood has been trying to find a museum that could display the embroidery in its proper context, she said.
In May, the church's leadership council announced that "Churchmen in the New World" would hang for one month, then come down for "an indefinite resting period." The other embroideries could face removal too, following a period of "education and discernment."
In September, the church received a petition, signed by 25 members, requesting a special meeting — an action outlined in the church's bylaws but never before used. "The only avenue we had available to us," West called it, saying that the entire congregation should vote on this decision, not just its leadership.
A complicated history
Members of the church have weighed the embroideries' histories and future in newsletters and listening sessions, field trips and sermons.
During a February sermon at Plymouth, the Rev. Jim Bear Jacobs described speaking at an interfaith service on Thanksgiving, when he "spent my allotted 10-minute time at this very pulpit deconstructing the mythology" around the holiday. "Imagine my feeling as, after the service, we were ushered into Guild Hall for a time of fellowship. And there it was: the entire mythology that I had just attempted to deconstruct was proudly displayed."
"It was very jarring," said Jacobs, a member of the Stockbridge-Munsee Mohican Nation, by phone this week.
Historians have painted a more complex history of the so-called first Thanksgiving, a 1621 feast shared by Pilgrims and the Wampanoag tribe. Some argue that story blots out the larger context of colonists attacking Native Americans.
"A case can be made that the first time that word [Thanksgiving] was used in English, it referred to a celebration of the massacre of indigenous people," said Jacobs, who is the Minnesota Council of Churches' program director for racial justice. The church has made a similar argument.
As a pastor, "I have deep concern for how the church writ large presents itself to the world," said Jacobs. This enormous wall hanging is "definitely a statement piece I believe that hinders the mission of that church to be a place of sanctuary, refuge and welcome."
Last year, after an event in Guild Hall, several visitors wrote in the comment book, questioning the wall hanging. But people of color have raised concerns before, Northwood said. "The church has not wanted to deal with it."
Illustrated in the embroideries are stories of the Congregationalists' early work around freedom and education. Since its establishment in 1857, Plymouth has set social justice as part of its mission. In 1858, the congregation fired its minister "for not taking a strong enough stand against slavery," according to the church's website.
40 years of stitching
On a recent Sunday afternoon, the two sides debated history and hurt during a meeting in the Guild Hall that began with prayer.
The "Churchmen" embroidery was still hanging. In front of it stood panels describing the images' "intent and impact." The ship in the embroidery's right-hand panel, is meant to tell the story of the Amistad — the kidnapping and rebellion of 50 slaves. "With the aid of former President John Quincy Adams the case of the Amistad slaves was pleaded before the high court and won," explains the official Plymouth Embroidery booklet.
But according to the panel, that image "only tells a part of the tale, and with people being led off the ship in shackles ... the image more closely resembles enslaved people being delivered to 'owners.' "
In short, emotional speeches, the two sides questioned and defended the process that led to the church leadership's decision. They clashed over the best way to remember the church's successes and shortcomings. Both sides, though, noted the Needlers' good intentions.
Decades ago, congregation members Mary and Paul Carson commissioned the series' designs from British artist Pauline Baynes, who illustrated books by C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, for a broad wall in the church's vaulted hall, framed by dark wood beams.
Then, in day and nighttime shifts over some 40 years, women stitched.
They stitched the autumnal scene's trees and birds, Pilgrims and Native people, fires and muskets. There are churches here, ships there, but the Thanksgiving scene sits in the embroidery's center.
This first giant embroidery, fashioned out of Irish linen and bright wool yarns, would later be joined by three others, each with its own season and theme: a Christmas scene completed in 1992, a springtime image in 1995 and the "Summer of the First Amendment" in 2012.
Inspired by the Christmas embroidery's unveiling, Cynthia Callanan and her daughter, then 13, joined the Needlers.
"More important than the product was the bonding of the women who came together and supported each other in the creation of something that was way bigger than anybody could have done on their own," said Callanan, now 63. She believes church leaders failed to listen to the Needlers' perspectives in deciding to "rest" the fall embroidery.
"I just feel like we were sidelined in this whole yearlong process," she said.
During church discussions, some people have suggested creating a new embroidery that has a new, more modern message, Callanan said. "To which I say: Go for it, honey. Find 40 people who are willing to put in 100 hours each for the next seven years. And in the meantime, while you're working on your modern thing, let's keep the old one. I'd be OK with that."
Jenna Ross is an arts and culture reporter.
jross@startribune.com 612-673-7168 ByJenna
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Terrorist 'wore women's clothing' in previous escape bid
Terrorist 'wore women's clothing' in previous escape bid /node/1035851/saudi-arabia
The two terrorists after being gunned down in an encounter with the police.
Mohammed Al-Sulami
RIYADH: One of the two terrorists killed in Saudi Arabia on Saturday had previously wore women's clothing in a bid to flee the Kingdom, authorities have revealed.
The Interior Ministry's security spokesman Maj. Gen. Mansour Al-Turki also told reporters that the Daesh terror group has targeted the Kingdom more than 30 times.
The official gave further details of the dramatic shootout in the Al-Yasmeen district north of Riyadh, in which two terrorists were killed following a tip-off.
Extremists Tayea Salem bin Yaslam Al-Sayari and Talal bin Samran Al-Saedi were shot dead after refusing to surrender.
They opened extensive fire at security forces in an attempt to escape, Al-Turki said.
The official hailed Saudi nationals for their keenness to report suspicious activity to security authorities, marking their rejection of the extremist ideology of the terrorists.
"Security authorities receive reports from all over the Kingdom… Such reports are kept highly confidential," Al-Turki said.
"The terrorist organization of Daesh has targeted the Kingdom more than 30 times. Terror is terror, whether it is from Daesh or any other group."
Those found guilty of terror offenses in the Kingdom are put through a rehabilitation program — yet nearly 15 percent of those prove to be hopeless cases, Al-Turki said.
Al-Turki said the terrorists do not hesitate to don women's clothes, indicating that Al-Saedi had previously disguised himself in women's clothing in an attempt to flee the Kingdom.
Maj. Gen. Bassam Ateya, from the Interior Ministry's security and strategic investigation center, explained Al-Saedi had been detained twice before on charges of fighting in volatile zones. His brother was killed when police busted an explosives lab in Riyadh's Al-Jazeera neighborhood in 2003.
Tayea Al-Sayari was enrolled in the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Program for Foreign Scholarships to study engineering in New Zealand, but he failed to get a degree, and went on to fight in Syria. After that, he entered Turkey using a fake passport, then headed to Sudan where he met the detained suspect Eqab Al-Otaibi. He then snuck into Yemen and proceeded to Saudi Arabia, which he entered illegally.
Al-Sayari took part in three crimes inside the Kingdom, which all targeted mosques, including the emergency forces mosque in the Asir region and the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah.
In the shootout on Saturday, the militants were armed with Kalashnikov rifles. They fired randomly at the police and tried to escape in a security patrol car. A police officer, coming from behind the patrol car, shot at the two militants and killed them.
Al-Turki called on all Al-Yasmeen district residents affected by the operation to contact the Interior Ministry.
Saudi Arabia participates in GCC archaeology exhibition /node/1615946/saudi-arabia
The pavilion features a series of documentaries on Saudi Arabia's cultural heritage. (SPA)
Saudi Arabia's pavilion hosts, 55 artifacts and relics covering different eras, including from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods
RIYADH: Saudi Arabia, represented by the national heritage sector at the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage (SCTH), is taking part in the 6th Joint Periodic Exhibition on the Archaeology of the Gulf Cooperation Council's (GCC) Arab States in Kuwait.
The exhibition, held under the supervision of the secretary-general of the GCC, in partnership with the Kuwaiti National Council for Culture, Arts and Literature, opened last Wednesday at the National Museum of Kuwait and will run until Feb. 15.
The Kingdom's pavilion hosts, 55 artifacts and relics covering different eras, including from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods.
The pavilion also features a series of documentaries on the Kingdom's cultural heritage, a number of publications by the antiquities and museums sector on different areas of cultural heritage, as well as a collection of photographs and historical information on Saudi Arabia's cultural depth.
Topics: Saudi Archaeology Saudi Commission for Tourism & National Heritage (SCTH Kuwait GCC
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Place meat in a large saucepan. Add water, peppercorns, onion and salt to taste. Bring to a boil; reduce heat. Cover and simmer until meat is very tender, about 1-1/2 hours. Cool meat in broth. Drain, reserving 1/3 cup broth. Shred meat with 2 forks. Set aside.
Mash garlic with 1/4 teaspoon salt to make a paste. Heat oil in a large skillet. Add chopped onion and garlic paste. Cook until onion is tender. Cut chile into short strips. Add chile strips and tomatoes to cooked onion. Cook 3 to 4 minutes. Add meat, cumin and freshly ground pepper to taste. Cook and stir until meat is heated through. Stir in reserved broth. Taste and add salt if needed. Keep warm.
Preheat oven to 350°F. Wrap tortillas in foil and place in oven until softened, about 15 minutes.
Prepare salsa if making fresh. Mash avocado in a small bowl. Stir in lime juice and salt to taste. Beat until smooth. Place avocado mixture, onion, cilantro and salsa in separate bowls and set aside.
For each taco, place spoonful of shredded beef on a warm tortilla. Top with avocado mixture, onion, cilantro and salsa to taste. Fold tortilla around filling. Serve immediately.