ENCORE: Community Forum: What Is The Future Of The Minnesota Orchestra?
The Minnesota Orchestra has been mostly silent for the last ten-and-a-half months. Last October, management locked out the musicians because of a contract disagreement. Concerts have been cancelled and so have recording sessions.
So, what is the Minnesota Orchestra's future? A group called "Orchestrate Excellence" attempted to answer that question Tuesday night in a community forum that was streamed live on The UpTake and can be seen here in this replay.
More than 400 people attended the event. The keynote speaker was Alan Fletcher, of the Aspen Music Festival and School. Richard Carlbom facilitated the discussion.
Last night's livestream was sponsored by United Strategies.
North Minneapolis community members are changing the perception of their often maligned neighborhood by telling their their own stories at FLOW Northside Arts Crawl.


President Trump has condemned the TSA after a viral video surfaced showing a perverted agent groping a young boy as part of an invasive pat-down procedure at a US airport.
"Not a good situation," the president tweeted, retweeting a video shared by comedian Larry the Cable Guy.
"I'm sure this young man could have been deemed to not be a threat in a matter of seconds. Wtf!" Don Jr. tweeted.
The video, which first appeared in 2017, shows a boy at Dallas' JFK airport undergoing a full pat-down which lasted approximately two minutes.
At the time the boy's mother, Jennifer Williamson, who filmed the encounter, also mentioned her son suffered from a sensory processing disorder, compounding the incident's absurdity.
As the video went viral, the TSA went into damage control mode, penning a blog post titled, "TSA Mythbuster: The Rest of the DFW Pat-down Story," which attempted to explain why the over-the-top search was required.
Trump's retweet of @DeepStateExpose, who was identified as conspiracy-minded Twitter user Jeremy Stone, will likely "raise new questions about where a president fond of spreading conspiracy theories gets his information," The Post writes.


The unlikely romance between a concert pianist and a construction worker.
After a decade of touring the globe, Manhattan-based classical concert pianist Annalise Redmond needs a break. What's a Juilliard-trained musician to do when she wants to live a "normal" life for six weeks?
Weston Galloway, a former firefighter and member of an Atlanta-based construction crew, is as much into soul-winning as building the new bank in little Darling, Georgia.
Anna's barely been kissed. Weston's not looking for love. When these two souls collide in small-town Americana, is their time together destined only to be a precious memory or will they listen to the whispers in their hearts and dare to dream of a future together?
Throw in Anna's quirky sister and brother-in-law, Weston's challenging coworker, spirited employees at The Darling Diner, and a cast of lively townsfolk, and you won't want to miss this journey to Darling!
Whisper to My Heart. A contemporary Christian romance celebrating love, faith, community, and family.


As Iraq struggles to contain pockets of Islamic State resistance following the liberation of Mosul, political differences and a power struggle between domestic groups threaten more conflict.
Smoke rises from an airstrike during fighting with Islamic State militants in the Old City of Mosul, Iraq July 6, 2017.
Lt. Gen. Stephen Townsend, the US commanding general of the combined task force of Operation Inherent Resolve, confirmed that the war against the Islamic State (IS) in Iraq is not over yet, despite the great victory in Mosul and the end of IS' occupation of the strategic city. He said there are still major challenges ahead for the Iraqi armed forces to establish security in Iraq.
One of the most important challenges facing the Iraqi forces is the loss of a large number of troops in the battles in Mosul. According to the US Department of Defense, the Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service (CTS) suffered 40% battle losses in Mosul. The CTS has played the most important role in the liberation of Mosul, and prior to that in many areas in Anbar and Salahuddin provinces; it enjoys a good reputation among Iraqis, due to its performance, professionalism and abstention from any sectarian conduct.
There are indications that the federal police losses were bigger than those of the CTS. "When we compare the losses of the federal police with those of the CTS and the Iraqi army, we find that the federal police sacrifices were great," Hakim Zamili, chairman of the Iraqi parliament's Security and Defense Committee, said in a July 11 TV interview.
Townsend said the Iraqi forces need a period of rest before proceeding with the liberation of the remaining IS-occupied territories.
These losses underscore the importance of supporting the international coalition against IS. The coalition countries, especially the United States, provide hundreds of millions of dollars in support for the buildup and sustainability of Iraqi forces and offer support in many other fields.
Townsend said the Iraqi government asked US troops to stay in Iraq until after the liberation of the country from IS. In addition, the United States plans to build new military installations in Iraq; however, these plans face fierce objections from Shiite factions, presaging a complicated security situation in the next stage.
"The United States is aiming to occupy Iraq in an indirect hegemonic way and is also planning to establish an organization similar to the [Syrian Democratic Forces]," Akram al-Kaabi, secretary-general of Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba, said in a statement published July 15.
Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba is an armed Shiite faction close to Iran with a military presence in both Iraq and Syria. Other Shiite factions had previously threatened to attack US forces should they decide to stay in Iraq.
In this unstable environment, the Iraqi forces need to adapt to the new IS forces' situation in Iraq. Most military and intelligence reports say that IS will resort to guerrilla attacks on military and government positions and terrorist attacks on civilian targets. According to international reports, Iraqi forces have improved in combating such attacks. The Institute for the Study of War published a report July 10 that said increased security measures had inhibited a cohesive IS offensive in Iraq and Syria during Ramadan.
But this did not prevent IS from causing painful losses among Iraqi civilians. The bombing of an ice cream shop in Baghdad in May that left dozens of dead and wounded is the best proof of that.
The difficulty of fighting these movements lies in that IS members hide among civilians, making it difficult to single them out. Warding off such attacks requires trained and well-equipped security forces as well as an integrated infrastructure that enables the state to monitor the movements of its citizens in various fields such as communications, car purchases, house rentals and purchases, transfers of funds and other movements, and such an infrastructure is still missing in Iraq. In addition, IS takes advantage of the rampant financial corruption in Iraq to launch attacks.
But the main challenge facing Iraqi security forces appears to be political differences and the struggle for power and influence. In 2016, clashes broke out between forces from the Popular Mobilization Units and the Kurdish peshmerga forces in Tuz Khormato, south of the city of Kirkuk. Also, clashes between the Ninevah Guards, a Sunni force, and the Shiite faction of Kataib Sayyid al-Shuhada took place in Mosul on July 20. There are fears that these clashes might expand into open warfare amid deep differences over the disputed areas extending from Jalula near the Iranian border, through Kirkuk province and into Yazidi areas near the Syrian border. Terrorist groups have been able to exploit differences over these areas for years to operate more freely. These very differences were behind the postponement of the liberation of Hawija in western Kirkuk province and Tal Afar in western Ninevah province.
Despite the remarkable progress made in the performance of the Iraqi forces, which led to the liberation of most of the IS-occupied areas, great challenges will seemingly complicate the security situation in the coming stages.


DOHA: Hassad, Qatar's premier investor in food sector, signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the government of Rwanda, represented by Rwanda Development Board at Hassad's headquarters on November 15.
The purpose of the MoU is to commence cooperation between the two sides, and explore possible investment opportunities in the agricultural and food sectors.
Hassad CEO, Mohamed Badr Al Sadah, said "We have signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Rwandan side in line with Hassad's new vision and strategy to become a successful strategic investor in the global food and agriculture value chains".
He said that Hassad is currently working on identifying suitable business opportunities in several countries, as well as signing agreements, which are in line with Hassad's new strategy.
Hassad, the premier investor in the food and agribusiness sectors has several investments in Qatar, Australia and Oman, and currently planning for future investments in several other countries.


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Wallis' House San Ginesio (MC)
Refurbishment Wilmont's House Sant'Angelo in Pontano [Mc]
Refurbishment Willmot's House Sant'Angelo in Pontano [Mc]
Public Buildings - MoMa
Interior design - Gatti's house
Refurbishment Gatti's house
Refurbishment Monuments
Refurbishment Civic tower
Active in various fields of construction, from new buildings and maintenance of civil and industrial constructions, to the most innovative building based on bio-architectural criteria, and restoration, Edilizia Azzacconi s.r.l. has as its primary intent the attention to customers before, during and after completion of the work, providing expertise, professionalism and use of top-quality materials.
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Recovery and restructuring.
BUILDING FOR THE TERTIARY
For the personalization of the apartments.
INTERNAL DESIGN
For customization apartments with style.
Design and implementation sustainable industrial complex and efficient.
Implementation of major projects.
Design and realization of works of green building.
The company, which employs an average of 6-7 employees, in addition to the owners, has reached excellent levels of efficiency and quality, and is able to operate in full compliance with prevention and safety regulations on construction sites and bring to completion outstanding work in the civil, industrial, and agricultural fields and in the renovation of buildings, also with environmental value.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Effects and Students' Views of Teachers' Coded Written Corrective Feedback: A Multiple-Case Study of Online Multiple-draft Chinese Writing
Jining Han, University of South FloridaFollow
Wei Zhu, Ph.D.
Eric Shepherd, Ph.D.
Nicole Tracy-Ventura, Ph.D.
Yi-Hsin Chen, Ph.D.
Chinese Writing, Computer-assisted Language Learning, Corrective Feedback, Course Management System, Students' Views
With the rapid development of Web 2.0 in the field of education, which allows users to interact and collaborate with teachers and peers on the web, many researchers have focused on exploring the developments of using Course Manage System (CMS) in service of L2 writing (e.g., Chun, 2011; Warschauer & Grimes, 2007). Simultaneously, participation in learning and teaching Chinese as a foreign (TCFL) has been accelerating. Learning and teaching Chinese writing plays a significant role in the field of world languages education. In the field of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) and Foreign Language Education (FLE), many studies have examined the effectiveness and efficiency of Written Corrective Feedback (WCF) (e.g., Bitchener, 2008; Ferris, 2010). Existing studies on WCF mostly focused on languages other than Chinese. There were few published studies investigating WCF in a computer-mediated coded WCF Chinese writing setting. This dissertation study applied a multiple-case study design to investigate the effects and students' views of teachers' coded WCF in an online multiple-draft Chinese writing setting. Six intermediate-level learners of Chinese completed four writing assignments, four revisions, four surveys, and four interviews.
The dissertation employed a theoretical framework from sociocultural theory: Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Scaffolding. Coded WCF and the CMS are considered as scaffoldings, and students' ability to correct errors is viewed as ZPD. The researcher investigated students' responses to the computer-mediated coded WCF and the evidence of acquisition in Chinese writing accuracy as reflected in the changes in errors over the course of the semester. In addition, the researcher also explored the students' attitudes and views of the computer-mediated coded WCF, and the researcher further examined the factors influencing students' incorporation of teacher feedback in their writing. The researcher employed within-case analysis and cross-case analysis to report the research findings and study results. Based on the findings, the researcher further discussed the effectiveness of WCF, the theoretical implications, the pedagogical implications, and instructional technology implications.
The research findings revealed that the student participants generally had lower scores in the revision of the first writing assignment, but the situation improved in the revision of the third writing assignment. The evidence of acquisition in Chinese writing accuracy in the positive changes in errors over the course of the semester was associated with the "transferrable error types" rather than the "non-transferrable error types". Student participants had dynamic attitudes and views toward the computer-mediated coded WCF. The research findings revealed four main factors influencing students' incorporation of teacher feedback in their writing: the types of errors and Chinese language proficiency levels, students' familiarity with the computer-mediated coded WCF, changes in students' self-modifying skills and strategies, and students' dynamic attitudes and views toward the computer-mediated coded WCF. This dissertation shed light on the instructional design of online courses and CALL activities in the context of TCFL, and the dissertation also filled up a research gap in computer-mediated WCF in Chinese writing.
Han, Jining, "The Effects and Students' Views of Teachers' Coded Written Corrective Feedback: A Multiple-Case Study of Online Multiple-draft Chinese Writing" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
Other Education Commons, Other Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons


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Writing… about role-playing?
Compromise and Conceit
Infernal adventuring…
Zombies, Public Health and HIV
Posted by faustusnotes under Health, Science, Science Fiction | Tags: controversy, HIV/AIDS, politics, zombies |
Reading World War Z has got me thinking about a lot of different things, but the first thing I noticed was the way in which the modern Zombie tale has increasingly become a commentary on (and, generally, an endorsement of) modern public health and disease prevention principles. Of course, public health principles applied in the breach can ultimately lead to a huge dose of fascism, by which I'm not referring to the anti-smoking campaigns of the modern era, but the extremely draconian and almost-never used quarantine and control rules that governments reserve for the most severe disease outbreaks. And we see these being enacted in every zombie tale – or, if they're not used, the society in question coming to regret it. In fact, the zombie tale can easily be read as a peon to the public health route not taken – on HIV, on SARs, etc.
In an interesting literary parallel, World War Z reminded me of the excellent oral histories of the early years of the HIV epidemic, which show a similar tone to the early parts of the book, with doctors and community activists trying desperately to work out what is happening before a previously unknown disease wipes out a community. Only the transmission method was a little different, though zombification and HIV show similar issues of incubation period and origin. We even have real life examples of HIV consuming societies, and modern history would have been very different if HIV had progressed through the West the way it did in Africa. I can't believe that the modern resurgence of zombie stories is unrelated to our own recent development of public health consciousness, and a lot of that development stemmed from the HIV epidemic.
2 Responses to "Zombies, Public Health and HIV"
clew Says:
I agree that it's a public-health metaphor, but I think it's about diseases less sexy than AIDS. Not that AIDS is in the least sexy in reality, but then, vampires shouldn't be either. There are plenty of diseases that make you rot even more slowly, but you get them from poverty and/or terrible jobs. Necrotizing fasciitis, for instance (easy to get in fishpacking plants, in my corner of the world).
faustusnotes Says:
clew, thanks for your comment. I take your point, and a lot of people like to see the zombie as first and foremost a metaphor for the lumpen proletariat; but it's worth remembering that the people most severely affected by HIV are in the third world, and are very much the oppressed underclass of the modern world. HIV was contained in the West by a combination of luck and good judgment, but even then some nasty suggestions about "public health in the breach" were being bandied about. Looking at the narrative of black drug users in the US in the 80s, how do you think the response would have looked if the disease had sprung up simultaneously in multiple inner city black communities?
I agree it's not just about HIV, though I think HIV was most in the public consciousness when 28 Days Later was made. World War Z sets the origins of the zombie virus in China, and gives lots of SARS-like references (right down to China hiding the disease until it's too late to control).
Health, Science, Science Fiction
Tags: controversy, HIV/AIDS, politics, zombies


see screenshots and learn more about Age of Empires: Castle Siege. Download Age of Empires: Castle Siege and enjoy it on your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch. This isn't the first time Microsoft has released games on rival platforms; last year it Strangely, Age of Empires will come to Android and iOS first, "with plans to. 23 Jan Popular Alternatives to Age of Empires for iPhone. Explore 5 iPhone games like Age of Empires, all suggested and ranked by the AlternativeTo.
17 Oct It's hardly a surprise that War of Ages is in the top apps in the App Store. For those of us who played games like Age of Empires in the late. 17 Jul Age of Empires comes to iOS with cross-platform play. I'm looking for a good rts game on iPhone. Not interested in clash of clans or anything like that. Preferably a "real time" strategy game rather.
14 Mar Age of Empires II is an Action, Real-time Strategy, 2D, Single and Multiplayer video game developed by Ensemble Studios. The game takes. I used to love playing Age of Empires on my PC years ago. You cant get it for the Ipad but does anyone know of a similar game for the Ipad that. Need some iPhone games that are as engrossing as Civilization, SimCity, and Age of Empires. (Yes, I already have Civilization Revolution and. 7 Dec Well, that never ended up happening, but then just this past May Microsoft soft- launched Age of Empires: Castle Siege [Free] on iOS, a game. 17 Jul Microsoft has now launched its free-to-play historical strategy game Age of Empires: Castle Siege worldwide for the iPhone and iPad.
XCOM: Enemy Within,Civilization Revolution II,Faster Than Light,The Walking Dead: Assault, Legendary Wars and Great Little War Game are some strategy. 4 Feb We all know the amazing game called Age of Empires that was firstly released in as a Real-Time Strategy game. This particular game. 21 Jul Microsoft had earlier roped in Japan's KLab to develop Age of Empires for iOS and Android, but the status on that game is currently unknown. 24 Jun Microsoft is bringing its games to iOS and Android, beginning with Age of Empires sometime in , reports Japan's Nikkei business daily.


Ercol furniture preservation & restoration is a wonderful pastime. Everyday is a school day but more fun, an endless journey of learning new skills & techniques. We often say we could write a book based on our experiences. Importantly we have learnt that not all finishes are suitable for Ercol furniture. Working with Ercol furniture is a woodworkers dream, their well chosen timbers are durable & forgiving.
Our preparation is exactly the same for every piece of furniture. Each piece is thoroughly cleaned before the old finish can be removed, this helps to prevent dirt getting into the timber whilst removing the old lacquer & wax. This is removed by hand sanding, we do not use chemical strippers or any materials harmful to the environment. Whilst removing the old lacquer we are not attempting to remove the history from a piece by sanding through to the bare wood, just provide a receptive surface for the new lacquer. The finish used will differ depending on the final use of the furniture.
Just like the original Ercol process, the finish is applied in several coats, hand sanding between in each coat. When the finish has suitably cured, the furniture is waxed & polished.Looking beautiful again it is now ready for a new home, to be enjoyed for many more years to come.
Not every piece of furniture requires attention. We have seen plenty of beautiful items which have been lovingly looked after over many years. The secret is to avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight & heat. Spills should be wiped from the surfaces as soon as possible. An occasional wipe with a damp cloth with a mild detergent is fine, just remember to dry immediately. A good quality beeswax applied no more than twice a year will provide ample protection. Avoid normal household polishes which can damage the surface.
If you are thinking of trying your hand at Ercol furniture restoration or repairs to your own items, we can offer some advice so you can avoid some common mistakes. Get in touch we would love to hear from you. We are sure you will find the journey as rewarding as we do.
Gorgeous Ercol plank table - wonderful people who bent over backwards to be flexible on delivery timings and to take the table apart (and reassemble!) when it wouldn't fit through my hallway. Thank you!
Beautiful table and chairs. Looks like they've been lovingly brought back to life, grain and wood is beautiful. Delivered on time and great communication throughout from Sena and Sue.
Fantastic chairs, really helpful seller that responded to all questions quickly and delivered the chairs quickly.


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NewsWorldAfrica
Sudan orders African Union out of Darfur
Steve Bloomfield,Africa Correspondent
Tuesday 05 September 2006 00:00
Sudan has signalled its intention to deal with the situation in Darfur by military force after ordering the 7,000 African Union (AU) troops overseeing a recently signed peace agreement to leave. They will be replaced by more than 10,000 Sudanese troops - a move which prompted one rights group to suggest that Khartoum may carry out genocide.
The AU troops, which have been struggling to keep a lid on violence since the peace agreement was signed by only one of three rebel groups in May, were given until the end of the month to leave Sudan.
Jan Egeland of the UN said "a man-made catastrophe of an unprecedented scale" was possible within weeks in Darfur unless the UN Security Council acted immediately.
The council passed a resolution last week to replace the weak AU force with 17,000 UN peacekeepers and more than 3,000 police officers. But Khartoum rejected the plan and vowed to fight any UN peacekeepers that entered the country. President Omar al-Bashir described the call for a UN force as "part of a comprehensive conspiracy for confiscating the country's sovereignty. Our decision is decisive rejection [of the UN resolution], then preparation for the confrontation [with UN forces]."
Some 10,000 Sudanese troops are expected to move into Darfur to replace the AU force. The build-up in north Darfur has already begun. The area of Kulkul, 40km north-west of north Darfur's capital, al-Fashar, was bombed by government aircraft on 28 August. Troops then moved into the town as civilians fled. Witnesses said the Arab militia known as the janjaweed attacked a village nearby.
Amnesty International has criticised the military build-up, accusing the Sudanese government of sending in the same troops who displaced Darfur's population to "protect" them.
A spokesman for Sudan's foreign ministry, Jamal Mohamed Ibrahim, said the decision to kick the AU out of Darfur was not Sudan's. "It is indicated before by the African Union itself," he said. "They said that by the end of September, they will not be able to continue with their assignment in Darfur. So we are just requesting now, since they can't finish and proceed with their assignment in Darfur. It is up to them now to leave. And we're asking them, please leave."
The AU's mandate in Darfur was originally due to end on 30 September, but following a donor conference that pledged more money to the near-bankrupt force, it agreed to continue until the end of the year - or until a UN force could replace it. But with the UN unable to send troops without Khartoum's agreement, the region's 2.5 million displaced people will now be left at the mercy of Sudan's forces and the janjaweed.
The Sudanese government's decision prompted the Aegis Trust, a British organisation that works to prevent genocide, to draw comparisons with Rwanda. "Millions of lives are in grave and immediate danger," said the chief executive, James Smith. "The genocide now faced could be on the scale of that in Rwanda in 1994. The government of Sudan will bear full responsibility for lives lost, whether through starvation or further violence."
The US has called the violence in Darfur "genocide" but, so far, the UN has only referred to "war crimes" or "crimes against humanity".
Two of the five permanent members of the Security Council - Russia and China - have strong economic links with Sudan. Along with Qatar, the sole Arab representative currently on the council, both abstained in last week's vote.
1/0Sudan orders African Union out of Darfur


While practicing medicine, Dr. Jennifer Daniels noticed that, despite compliance on the part of patients, the patients seemed to worsen under the care she had been trained to provide. She decided to give patients a choice between The Standard of Care, (doing nothing), and Natural Therapies, (diet, lifestyle, supplements, cleansing, herbs). Dr. Daniels found that the death rate in her medical practice went from four a year to zero.
The competent practice of medicine according to the standard of care is the leading cause of death in America. Healing with Dr. Daniels is the place where you get honest answers that can save your life; without all the technical mumbo jumbo.
Dr. Daniels is dedicated to investigating and communicating to citizens an understanding of the system called 'health care' that harms so many. Her goal is to prevent as many recurring murders as possible through education.
Dr. Jennifer Daniels graduated from Nottingham High School in Syracuse, NY in 1975. She attended Harvard/Radcliffe College. She was distinguished as a National Merit Achievement Scholar and a Radcliffe National Scholar. After majoring in Biology, she received her BA degree with Honors. Dr. Daniels entered The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and at the same time, completed her studies at The Wharton School. She received her Medical Degree (MD) and her MBA concurrently at the end of 4 years.
While practicing medicine, Dr. Jennifer Daniels noticed that, despite compliance on the part of patients, the patients seemed to worsen under the care she had been trained to provide. She decided to give patients a choice between The Standard of Care, (doing nothing), and Natural Therapies, (diet, lifestyle, supplements, cleansing, herbs). Dr. Daniels found that the death rate in her medical practice went from four a year to zero. She also found that there were no more after-hour emergencies.


This post is sponsored. All thoughts and opinions are my own. This post also contains affiliate links which help me fund my blog so I can continue sharing magical content with you!
Who doesn't love donuts? Especially ones that look gorgeous and are vegan! I teamed up with cruelty-free & toxic-free makeup brand Winky Lux to share this easy 30 minute recipe with you PLUS a chance to win your very own exclusive makeup kit.
You can also shop all the items below, available exclusively at ULTA Beauty stores.
These lemon rose donuts are delicately beautiful both in flavor and visually. I love these as a treat to bring for book club, bridal showers, baby showers or if you have guests visiting. They are easy to make but leave a major wow factor.
I want to note ahead of time I find using caster sugar in baked donuts really creates a better texture than regular sugar. You easily Prime it to your door as well along with any of the other items you may be needing. All of the fancy things are linked below.
Pre-heat oven to 350F and spray two donut tins with coconut oil if you are using not using non-stick tins. I have non-stick tins and did not have to spray them.
Mix together the caster sugar, almond milk, vegetable/sunflower oil, vanilla extract, rose water, applesauce and lemon zest into a bowl.
Slowly add self ring flour.
Divide the batter into the two trays. I use a spoon to avoid as much cross over of the better onto the pan.
Bake for 12-14 minutes. Remove from the tin immediately and let cool on baking rack with baking sheet under for future step.
To make the glaze start by mixing together the powdered sugar, water, lemon juice and rose water until smooth. If the consistency seems too runny add 1/2 tsp of powdered sugar bit by bit. The glaze should not be as runny as water but not as firm as frosting.
Dip each donut into the bowl of glaze and return to rack. Add additional glaze by drizzling on top with spoon if desired. I added an additional spoon onto each donut. The baking sheet under the rack should catch any additional glaze that spills off.
If you are adding edible roses to the donuts or any other decor do this step immediately before the glaze sets so they stick properly.


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João Neiva is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Its population was 16,722 (2020) and its area is 273 km².

References

Joao Neiva

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Plymouth Argyle's Kell Watts on coming back stronger after costly Portsmouth mistake
The Newcastle United loan signing has been a League One ever present for the Pilgrims this season
Chris ErringtonFootball reporter
Argyle defender Kell Watts battles for the ball with Fleetwood striker Kyle Vassell during the League One game at Home Park on Saturday, February 13, 2021 - Photo: Dave Rowntree/PPAUK (Image: Dave Rowntree/PPAUK)
Get Chris Errington's exclusive behind-the-scenes take on life at Argyle in his weekly Inside Home Park newsletter
Defender Kell Watts has admitted that he has taken a lot of satisfaction from Plymouth Argyle's back-to-back 1-0 victories over against Accrington Stanley and Fleetwood Town.
Those two clean sheets have come after the 2-2 draw with Portsmouth at Fratton Park, when the Pilgrims led by two goals in the closing stages but could not hold on for the win.
Portsmouth's late comeback began when Watts tried to let the ball run out of play for a goal kick, but Ronan Curtis touched it away from him and then scored from a tight angle.
It was tough on the 21-year-old at the time, but the Newcastle United loan signing revealed he had a lot of support afterwards from his Argyle 'family', led by manager Ryan Lowe.
Watts was determined to come back stronger from that disappointment against Portsmouth.
He has succeeded in doing that, with his performances in the defeats of Accrington and Fleetwood, contributing to consecutive clean sheets.
The victory over Fleetwood had special significance for Watts and his team-mates.
That was because the Pilgrims were hammered 5-1 when they played away to Fleetwood in November, but were able to turn the tables on them at Home Park on Saturday.
Watts said: "The boys were fantastic away at Portsmouth. We were great, led 2-0, we did everything.
"Then I made an honest mistake. I held my hands up straight away in the changing room.
Argyle defender Kell Watts challenges for the ball with Accrington striker Colby Bishop during the League One game at the Wham Stadium on Tuesday, February 9, 2021 - Photo: Dave Rowntree/PPAUK (Image: Dave Rowntree/PPAUK)
"I felt like I had the let the boys down and the staff, so I said that when I went in, but we are a family here.
"I had the backing from the Gaffer (Lowe). He said 'You have got a game Tuesday, let's go.' To keep two clean sheets since then I'm very happy."
Watts added: "These things happen in football, I'm young. It's about how you react to things. I didn't cave in, I got my chest out and said 'Bring it on'.
"Accrington away was a tough game, Fleetwood was a tough game from what happened at their place. I don't cave in, I'm going to come back stronger."
Watts is one of only two Argyle players to start every League One game this season, with goalkeeper Mike Cooper the other one.
"I'm thankful for the Gaffer and his staff sticking by us every game," said Watts. "I think that's 34 (in all competitions) now this season so I'm playing a lot.
"Next week at Rochdale I have got to be at it, I have got to keep my place, that's the mentality I have got."
Transfer speculation over Plymouth Argyle striker Luke Jephcott already ramping up
Ryan Lowe on Plymouth Argyle's rise up League One as play-off talk builds
Playing regular first team football for Argyle will only have aided the development of the former England under-19 international.
Watts said: "It's physically tiring in your legs but John (Lucas, Argyle's head of fitness and conditioning) is great with the recovery, game by game.
"Mentally, it's about being ready. If you feel 100 per cent mentally there, sometimes physically it can give you that extra 10 per cent."
While he is currently far away from his family and friends in his native north-east England, Watts feels at home in Plymouth because of the spirit within the Argyle squad.
Watts said: "It can carry you a long way. We have got that chemistry and we have got a great group of lads.
"I couldn't have asked to come to a club and to have settled in so quickly, and feel like I have known these lads much longer than I have."
Argyle are unbeaten in eight league games since the start of 2021, winning five of them, and have been closing in on the play-off places.
Plymouth Live's unbeatable Argyle coverage
Keep an eye out on our social media pages for more Argyle news - we are on Twitter @HeraldPAFC and on Facebook Plymouth Live - Argyle
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Each week, Chris will give subscribers an exclusive glimpse of what life is like as one of Britain's most-travelled football reporters in our well-read 'Inside Home Park' newsletter. It's an absolute must-read, and you can sign up for that here (it must be done on desktop not mobile, though).
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Their impressive results have been a boost for the Green Army, who still cannot attend games as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic
Watts said: "I'm absolutely gutted they are not in, but we can feel they are getting excited.
"The message to them would be that we are giving everything, game by game, and it's showing with results at the minute.
"We will just keep going about our business quietly and see where it gets us."
What have you thought of the performances of Argyle ever present Kell Watts this season? Please post your replies in the comments section below:
Plymouth ArgylePlymouth Argyle player ratings as Sheffield Wednesday prove too good for themManager Steven Schumacher described it as the Pilgrims' worst performance of the season
Plymouth ArgyleMixed emotions for Adam Randell despite superb first Plymouth Argyle goalThe 21-year-old scored with a free-kick during the 4-2 League One defeat away to Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough
Plymouth Argyle player ratings as Sheffield Wednesday prove too good for them
Plymouth ArgyleManager Steven Schumacher described it as the Pilgrims' worst performance of the season
Steven Schumacher on Plymouth Argyle's worst performance of the season
Plymouth ArgyleThe Pilgrims' boss saw his side struggle for much of their 4-2 defeat by Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough
Plymouth Argyle out of sorts as Sheffield Wednesday finally beat them
Plymouth ArgyleThe Pilgrims had won two of their previous three meetings with the Owls this season and drawn the other one


5 - 4,5................Bingo von Ellendonk.
01/06/1996: 99-82-87 = 268 points.
Körklasse 2 B at two years of age.
Overall Build: Powerful heavy; thick short fur; good colour and markings; strong head; feminine; some teeth half-way worn; eyes slightly low-lying and medium-brown; back long and firm; good croup; good angulation; balanced gaiting; back sufficiently firm in movement; firm ligaments and good joints.
Ohra von der Weyermühle passed the Erstkörung with high ratings for working drives and rated V in conformation shows. Her sire, Hertog Conan van Manensheide, was the winner of the D.V. Meisterschaft in 1993 plus winner of numerous show titles and passed the Körung 'for life' with highest rating for hardness and working drives. Her dam, Hera von der Weyermühle, competed at the D.V. Meisterschaft in 1993 and also passed the ZTP with 1A rating for character.
Ohra lived to 7 years of age while her sire lived to 7 years of age with the cause of death being Bloat and her dam lived to 9½ years of age.
Apollo: SchH 1 and passed the Körung with Körklasse 2B rating. He is sire of the von der Drachenburg "A" litter (Aissil, Amica); v. Eschenbruch "F,G" litters and vom Burghof "C" litter (Comet).


It was -20 in Calgary today. That is just TOO COLD for this Alabama girl. No matter what I do, I can't seem to get warm. Hot tea, blanket, socks…I still needed something more. Cold and snowy winter days call for warm and hearty stew in the crockpot for dinner. Throw all the ingredients in and you have supper ready when you get home from your wintery drive. Love this recipe for Creamy Crockpot Chicken and Mushroom stew. Delicious!
A creamy and hearty chicken and mushroom stew.
Combine mushrooms, onions, garlic, and spices in your slow cooker. Top with chicken thigh pieces.
Mix together broth, wine and mustard and pour it over the chicken. Cover and cook on low for 6-8 hours.
About 20 minutes before you want the dish to be done, whisk flour with 1 cup of the cooking liquid from the slow cooker. Stir into the chicken stew and let cook for about 15 minutes or until thickened. Stir in cream and white wine vinegar right before serving.
Dewey loved this recipe but I thought it needed something. Next time I would serve it over rice.
They're a type of mushroom. At my grocery store they had a dried mushroom section in the produce department with little bags of different kinds of dried mushrooms. Chanterelles are a common kind. If you can't find them, a different kind of dried mushroom (other than plain white mushrooms) would be fine.
Have you tried this with breast meat instead of thigh? Thigh meat has a high fat content and I usually try to cook with breast meat.
I'm sure you could. Just watch to make sure that the breast meat doesn't get too dry.
Great recipe, but I add two diced potatoes which gives the dish more texture.
Hey, do you think you could substitute nonfat Greek yogurt or nonfat sour cream for the cream/vinegar?
Probably. I've never tried it but I don't see why not.
I'm going to try tomorrow. I will let you know the results!
Another question…you are not reconstituting the dried mushrooms, right?
Ok, I used 2% Fage instead of the cream and vinegar and it was delicious, served with egg noodles- was like chicken stroganoff I had in St Petersburg. Thanks for the great recipe!


The session will be from 1:15PM to 2:45PM at Murphy Hall at Westmoreland State Park.
A panel discussion with planned audience participation will discuss invasives and introduced species impacting the Northern Neck, Middle Peninsula Virginia, and the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Unfortunately the list of invasives is growing - Coyotes, Mute Swans, Tree of Heaven, Spotted Lantern Fly, Blue Catfish, Purple Loosestrife, Zebra Mussels, House Sparrows, Northern Snake Heads, Giant Hog Weed, etc.


Loud uplifting classical stuff like Vivaldi or christmas carols would be painful as well.
Death Metal, I wuldnt like Death Metal.
Hip Hop or maybe Guy Lombardo. Either one would make me look for a sharp instrument to end it all after about five minutes.
Anything by Jennifer Lopez. I'd force my pinkies into my ears until they bled.


text:
La Repubblica di Ragusa (nota anche come repubblica ragusea o, dal nome del suo santo protettore, repubblica di San Biagio) è stata una repubblica marinara dell'Adriatico, esistita dal X secolo al 1808. La sua capitale era la città di Ragusa in Dalmazia; il suo territorio fa oggi parte della Croazia e in minima parte del Montenegro (Sutorina) e della Bosnia ed Erzegovina (Neum).

Il nome
Secondo un famoso passo di Costantino Porfirogenito:

Nel tempo il nome della città venne scritto in vari modi, tutti derivanti dalla stessa radice: Lausa, Labusa, Raugia, Rausia, Rachusa e finalmente Ragusa.

Il nome slavo Dubrovnik deriva invece dalla parola dubrava, e cioè foresta di querce: questi alberi infatti ricoprivano un tempo la montagna di San Sergio (in croato Srđ), sulle pendici della quale venne costruito il nucleo antico della città.

Geografia
Il territorio di Ragusa comprendeva una sottile fascia della costa dalmata lunga 120 km e larga appena 5–10 km, che si estendeva dalla foce della Narenta alla Punta d'Ostro presso l'imbocco delle Bocche di Cattaro. Il più vecchio territorio (distretto) di Ragusa, nell'XI secolo, comprendeva la capitale, Gravosa, Breno, Gionchetto con Montagna di San Sergio, Malfi e Ombla. Nel corso dei secoli il Comune (poi Repubblica) di Ragusa acquisì l'arcipelago delle Elafiti (Giuppana, Isola di Mezzo e Calamotta) (1080), Lagosta (1272), la città di Stagno e l'intera penisola di Sabbioncello (1333), Meleda (1345), il Litorale Raguseo con Slano (1399) e Canali con la città di Ragusavecchia (1419 - 1427). Per soli tre anni (1414-1417) Ragusa tenne anche le isole di Curzola, Brazza e Lèsina, ma fu poi costretta a cederle a Venezia.
La sua estensione era di circa 1375 km². Da un punto di vista amministrativo, la Repubblica era divisa in dodici unità amministrative: la capitale, tre capitanati (Ragusavecchia, Iagnina e Sabbioncello) e otto contee (Canali, Breno, Slano, Stagno, Lagosta, Meleda, Giuppana, Isola di Mezzo).

Ragusa era anche arcidiocesi avente come suffraganee Stagno, Curzola, Trebigne-Marcana e per un breve tempo Cattaro.

Storia

Fondazione e periodo bizantino (614-1204)
Nella prima metà del VII secolo (secondo la tradizione nel 614), epoca delle invasioni degli Slavi e degli Avari nella penisola balcanica, gli abitanti della città di Epidaurum (l'attuale Ragusa Vecchia, in croato: Cavtat, pronuncia Zavtat) cercarono rifugio su un'isola di fronte alla costa, solo successivamente unita alla terraferma, che ha costituito il primo nucleo urbano di Ragusa. Seppur con notevole autonomia, la città fu da quel momento soggetta alla protezione dell'Impero Bizantino.

Durante questa epoca, Ragusa cominciò a sviluppare un attivo commercio nel Mediterraneo orientale. A partire dall'XI secolo si impose come città marittima e mercantile soprattutto nell'Adriatico, stringendo accordi e contratti con altre città; il primo contratto commerciale conosciuto risale al 1148 e fu stipulato con la città di Molfetta, ma per resistere contro lo strapotere veneziano in Adriatico fu determinante soprattutto l'alleanza con la Repubblica di Ancona (dal 1199). Le due città rinnovavano periodicamente i loro patti e ragusei ed anconetani si consideravano abitanti di città sorelle. Molti anconetani abitavano a Ragusa, e molti ragusei abitavano ad Ancona. Le due città diedero vita ad una via commerciale tra Europa occidentale e Medio Oriente alternativa a quella veneziana; questa via partiva da Costantinopoli, passava per Ragusa, Ancona, Firenze per giungere alle Fiandre e all'Inghilterra. Altre città alleate furono Pisa, Termoli e Napoli. In una lettera datata 29 agosto 1189 ed inviata dal bano di Bosnia Kulin, appare menzionato per la prima volta il nome slavo della città, Dubrovnik. Questa lettera è il testo di una concessione commerciale che il Bano offre alla Repubblica di Ragusa e ai suoi cittadini.

Storici come Praga affermarono che la Repubblica di Ragusa fu l'unico Stato dei Dalmati italiani venutosi a creare. La Repubblica di Ragusa è chiamata da alcuni studiosi la "quinta repubblica marinara di lingua italiana".

Il periodo veneziano (1205-1358)
Dopo la caduta di Costantinopoli durante la IV Crociata nel 1204, Ragusa cadde sotto il dominio della Repubblica di Venezia, dalla quale ereditò gran parte delle sue istituzioni. Il dominio veneto si prolungò per un secolo e mezzo, con brevi interruzioni (dal 1207 al 1211, dal 1215 al 1217 e dal 1232 al 1235); inoltre, dal 1230 al 1232, la città fu soggetta alla sovranità del despotato d'Epiro.

In questa epoca venne a delinearsi l'assetto istituzionale interno della futura repubblica, con la comparsa del Senato (1252) e l'approvazione dello Statuto Raguseo (9 maggio 1272).

L'indipendenza (1358)
Nel 1358, in seguito ad una guerra con il Regno d'Ungheria, Venezia fu costretta a rinunciare, con la pace di Zara, a gran parte dei suoi possedimenti in Dalmazia. Ragusa colse l'occasione per affrancarsi dal giogo veneto e si diede volontariamente come vassallo al Regno di Ungheria.

Ottenuto il diritto di autogoverno in cambio del vincolo di assistenza con la propria flotta e del pagamento di un tributo annuale al re di Ungheria, Ragusa iniziò la propria storia come stato indipendente. In quell'epoca la città venne fortificata e dotata di due porti. A metà del XV secolo la Communitas Ragusina iniziò a chiamarsi Respublica Ragusina. Negli stessi anni, anche la città federata di Ragusa, Ancona, passò dalla denominazione Comunitas Anconae a quella di Respublica Anconitana.

Il periodo d'oro (XV e XVI secolo)

Basando la sua prosperità sul commercio marittimo, la Repubblica di Ragusa divenne la maggiore potenza dell'Adriatico meridionale e giunse a rivaleggiare con la Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia.

Ragusa fu in quel periodo la porta dei Balcani e dell'Oriente, luogo di commercio di vari metalli (argento, rame, piombo), sale, spezie e cinabro. Supportata dalla sua ricca e abile aristocrazia, Ragusa poté raggiungere il suo apogeo nei secoli XV e XVI grazie anche a convenienti accordi bilaterali di esenzione dalle tasse per le merci commerciate. L'alleanza con la Repubblica di Ancona fu rinnovata con la stesura di nuovi patti, sempre in chiave anti-veneziana. Ma non furono soltanto la potente flotta, che toccava i principali porti del Mediterraneo, e la fitta rete di consolati (ben 50) a fare di Ragusa una potenza: la città ebbe illustri figli che si distinsero nella letteratura e nelle arti.

A causa della sua particolare posizione geografica (una sottile striscia costiera con l'Impero ottomano alle spalle), lo Stato raguseo fu anche uno strenuo difensore del Cattolicesimo, ed in tale veste si dimostrò intollerante anche verso la Chiesa ortodossa: in larghe parti del territorio furono registrate espropriazioni e conversioni forzose di massa. Come regola generale, i non cattolici erano esclusi dalla cittadinanza, oltre che dagli uffici pubblici e dalle alte magistrature dello Stato; il che obbligò numerosi mercanti serbo-erzegovesi alla conversione. Tuttavia la città non esitò ad ospitare dal 1492 gruppi di ebrei sefarditi espulsi dalla penisola iberica, che diedero ulteriore impulso all'importanza commerciale della città.

Dal punto di vista interno, la struttura della società era rigidamente impermeabile: i matrimoni misti erano vietati e gli appartenenti alle due classi inferiori non avevano alcuna influenza sul governo della Repubblica. D'altro canto, la Repubblica di Ragusa si dimostrò estremamente avanzata per altri versi: nel 1317 fu aperta la prima farmacia (una delle prime in Europa), nel 1432 un ospizio per trovatelli e nel XVI secolo un lazzaretto per far passare la quarantena ai marinai provenienti da paesi in cui erano in corso delle epidemie.

Ragusa era una delle città in cui più fiorente era la tratta degli schiavi, abolita nel 1416 su imposizione del re d'Ungheria, 400 anni prima della Gran Bretagna (1833) e degli Stati Uniti (1865).

La vecchia bandiera della repubblica era caratterizzata dal motto Libertas, mentre l'ingresso alla fortezza di San Lorenzo (Lovrijenac, situata appena al di fuori delle mura cittadine) reca ancora l'iscrizione Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro ("La libertà non si vende per tutto l'oro del mondo").
Di fronte alla prorompente avanzata ottomana nella penisola balcanica e in seguito alla sconfitta ungherese nella battaglia di Mohács (1526), Ragusa cambiò fronte e passò sotto la supremazia formale del sultano ottomano, obbligandosi a pagargli un simbolico tributo annuale: un'abile mossa che le permise di salvaguardare la sua indipendenza.

Commercio
Ragusa importava dall'entroterra balcanico metalli e minerali (tra cui il cinabro), pellami, lana; dalla Puglia e dalla Sicilia sale e grano; dal Levante spezie di ogni tipo. Attraverso Ancona importava prodotti marchigiani (olio, vino, grano, carta di Fabriano) e manufatti fiorentini e fiamminghi, specialmente panni pregiati. I prodotti orientali erano poi esportati in Europa occidentale e viceversa. Peculiarità della repubblica di Ragusa fu la presenza di propri consoli non solo in altri porti, ma in numerosi centri lontani dal mare, lungo le strade che attraversavano la penisola balcanica in senso est-ovest. Consolati ragusei erano infatti a: Mostar, Sarajevo, Srebrenica, Belgrado, Prizren, Pristina, Prokuplje, Niš, Novi Pazar, Sofia, Filippopoli, Adrianopoli, Provadija. Naturalmente anche negli sbocchi marittimi di queste strade commerciali i ragusei inviavano consoli: Varna, Salonicco, e Costantinopoli (in questi ultimi due centri Ragusa aveva anche propri fondachi). Naturalmente un consolato raguseo era presente nella repubblica sorella di Ancona, da cui le merci balcaniche prendevano la strada di Firenze, della Lombardia e delle Fiandre. Nell'Adriatico, consoli di Ragusa erano anche nei porti dirimpettai di Barletta, Trani e Bari. Nel Levante consolati ragusei erano a Chio, Rodi, Candia ed Alessandria d'Egitto. Sulle rotte occidentali invece la repubblica di San Biagio aveva rappresentanza consolare a Malta, Siracusa, Messina, Napoli e Marsiglia.

Il declino

Con il XVII secolo iniziò per la Repubblica di Ragusa un lento quanto inesorabile declino, dovuto sia alla scoperta dell'America (che tagliò fuori il Mediterraneo dalle principali rotte commerciali), sia soprattutto ad un catastrofico terremoto avvenuto il 6 aprile 1667, che rase al suolo gran parte della città facendo 5.000 vittime tra cui il rettore.

La città venne presto ricostruita a spese del Papa e dei sovrani di Francia e Inghilterra, che ne fecero un gioiello dell'urbanistica seicentesca, e con grandi sforzi la Repubblica visse una nuova quanto effimera ripresa, ma la sua stessa esistenza fu sempre più minacciata. Fiaccata nella sua importanza commerciale, indebolita politicamente, decaduta nella sua immagine di baluardo cristiano, Ragusa finì con il diventare, al pari della Serenissima, un'anacronistica repubblica arroccata a difesa dei suoi privilegi.

Proprio a causa delle scaramucce con i veneziani, la repubblica ragusea sentì sempre più la necessità di evitare ogni confine terrestre con la rivale veneta, al fine di impedire alla Serenissima di attaccare la città via terra. L'occasione propizia giunse in occasione dei negoziati per la pace di Carlowitz, quando Ragusa cedette al sultano ottomano due sottili strisce di costa al di là del proprio confine. La cessione delle due "zone cuscinetto" fu ufficializzata con la firma della pace il 26 gennaio 1699 (articoli IX e XI del trattato turco-veneziano), che rese lo Stato raguseo un'enclave in territorio turco. Di queste due strisce, quella settentrionale (parte del distretto meridionale di Klech con la città di Neum) la separa dalla Dalmazia veneta e costituisce, attualmente, l'unico sbocco al mare della Bosnia ed Erzegovina, mentre quella meridionale (Suttorina) fa oggi parte del Montenegro e separava la Repubblica dai territori dell'Albania veneta.

Negli ultimi secoli l'indipendenza ragusea fu quasi più una graziosa concessione: se il 20 agosto 1684 un trattato tra l'Impero ottomano ed Austria aveva stabilito un protettorato congiunto sulla città, la pace di Passarowitz del 1718 ne riconobbe da un lato la piena indipendenza, ma dall'altro aumentò l'ammontare del tributo da versare alla Sublime Porta, fissandolo a 12.500 ducati. Per far fronte al caro prezzo della libertà, i ragusei si dedicarono al cabotaggio con la costa spagnola e italiana. Tale politica commerciale portò ad una breve rinascita economica dello Stato. La sua attiva classe imprenditoriale, mantenendo sempre posizioni di stretta neutralità, riuscì a fare della propria flotta mercantile un punto di forza sulle rotte mediterranee e transoceaniche. Infatti, la sua lungimirante politica neutrale la pose al riparo dai conflitti europei e molti stati ne usufruirono, specie nei momenti di belligeranza, imbarcando le proprie merci al sicuro sotto la bandiera ragusea.

Nel 1776 la repubblica di Ragusa fu il primo stato sovrano a riconoscere l'indipendenza degli Stati Uniti d'America.

La fine della Repubblica

Per ironia della sorte, la repubblica ragusea riuscì ad assistere alla fine della rivale veneta (1797), ma dovette ben presto soccombere di fronte al precipitare degli eventi in Europa. Dopo la pace di Presburgo del 1805, il territorio della Repubblica fu occupato dalla Francia: il 27 maggio 1806, dopo un assedio di un mese da parte della flotta franco-montenegrina in cui 3.000 palle di cannone piombarono sulla città, Ragusa si arrese ai francesi del generale Lauriston.

La Repubblica venne, infine, soppressa per decreto dal generale Marmont il 31 gennaio 1808, giorno in cui abolì il Senato con tutti gli organi governativi dell'antica Repubblica e la unì agli ex possedimenti veneziani della Dalmazia sotto occupazione francese. Per quasi due anni Ragusa fece parte del napoleonico Regno d'Italia (1808-1809). Per decreti di Vincenzo Dandolo -governatore e provveditore della Dalmazia napoleonica- e di Domenico Garagnin -governatore, amministratore civile e provveditore di Ragusa, Curzola e Bocche di Cattaro-, la lingua italiana -già utilizzata nei secoli precedenti assieme al latino- divenne ufficiale nell'amministrazione e nelle scuole.

Gli ultimi residui di autonomia scomparvero infine l'anno successivo, con l'annessione alle Province Illiriche (14 ottobre 1809).

Il 30 gennaio 1814, il generale austriaco d'origine serba Theodor Milutinović von Milovsky, dopo essere entrato nella città con l'esercito austriaco, ordinò all'ultimo rettore raguseo S. Giorgi di ammainare l'antica bandiera di San Biagio, ma quest'ultimo rifiutò "perché la bandiera è stata messa dal popolo" (jer da ga je pripeo puk).

Assegnata definitivamente all'Austria con il Congresso di Vienna (1815), Ragusa fu unita al Regno di Dalmazia e rimase fino al termine della prima guerra mondiale (1918) sotto il dominio diretto degli Asburgo. Occupata dagli alleati, venne in seguito assegnata al neonato Regno dei Serbi, Croati e Sloveni.

Dopo l'annessione dai francesi e con la fine della neutralità della repubblica, la flotta mercantile, che era l'origine principale della ricchezza di Ragusa, sparì completamente venendo confiscata dai francesi, dai russi e da gruppi di pirati. I nobili, la classe mercantile e quasi tutte le classi di Ragusa impoverirono. Dopo la perdita dei privilegi e del potere economico, l'estinzione dei nobili si accelerò. Solo fra il 1805 e il 1899 sparirono 10 famiglie nobili.

Oggi la città di Ragusa è parte della Croazia indipendente e vive essenzialmente di turismo.

Governo e istituzioni

Introduzione
L'assetto istituzionale della Repubblica variò nel tempo, seguendo a grandi linee il contemporaneo sviluppo di alcune città-stato italiane, e segnatamente della Repubblica di Venezia, con un substrato derivante dal diritto consuetudinario ispirato alla legislazione romana. I primi documenti pubblici ragusei non sono a noi pervenuti, ma si ritiene che fin dagli albori esistesse una suddivisione fra un gruppo di ottimati (primo nucleo del successivo patriziato raguseo) derivanti principalmente dalle più importanti famiglie scampate da Epidauro e prescelti a governare (priores), e il popolo. All'inizio il comune si chiamava Communitas Ragusii: ogni atto importante veniva deciso dai priores e sottoposto all'approvazione del popolo convocato in assemblea al suono delle campane (l'arengo o il concio). Il potere amministrativo ed economico, la gerarchia ecclesiastica e conseguentemente l'egemonia culturale erano nelle mani del patriziato e dei cittadini e mercanti benestanti.

L'assetto istituzionale di Ragusa in seguito divenne sempre più strettamente elitario, cosicché il potere effettivo rimase sempre solidamente in mano a poche famiglie dell'aristocrazia cittadina: nel 1332 venne impedita la creazione di nuove famiglie nobili (la Serrata del Maggior Consiglio Raguseo), e così Ragusa divenne una vera e propria repubblica aristocratica.

Le fonti legislative

Il 9 maggio 1272 venne promulgata dal Conte (titolo corrispondente alla massima magistratura cittadina, come si vedrà in seguito) veneziano Marco Giustiniani quella che può essere definita la Costituzione di Ragusa: il Liber statutorum civitatis Ragusii (Libro degli Statuti della Città di Ragusa), che abbracciò tutte le branche legislative e fu in parte modellato sulle leggi della Repubblica di Venezia. A questo primo nucleo di norme si aggiunsero nei secoli altre collazioni di disposizioni legislative: il Liber omnium reformationum (1335 - 1410), il Liber Viridis (1358 - 1460) ed il Liber Croceus (1460 - 1808). Le leggi importanti furono anche il Liber statutorum doane Ragusii (Libro degli statuti della dogana ragusea) (1277), Capitolare della doana grande come la nuova legge sulla materia doganale (1413), l'Ordo super assecuratoribus (Regolamento per le assicurazioni marittime) (1568), Regolamenti della Repubblica di Ragusa per la navigazione nazionale (1745) ecc.

Gli organi costituzionali
I principali organi costituzionali ragusei furono i seguenti:
 Rettore (lat. Rector). Detto all'inizio Priore o - nel periodo veneziano - Conte, durava in carica un anno, poi - per evitare che per un lungo periodo in carica un patrizio tentasse la via del potere personale - il periodo venne ridotto a sei, tre ed anche - dal 1358 - a un solo mese, di modo che la Repubblica contò lungo la sua storia oltre 5000 rettori. La figura del rettore ricorda molto quella del doge veneziano: formalmente capo dello Stato, non disponeva però di reali poteri di governo. Risiedeva con la famiglia nel Palazzo del Rettore e non poteva uscirne che per incombenze ufficiali legate alla carica, sempre preceduto dai dignitari e da dieci Lictores (poi detti Famuli). Ordinariamente, quando si parlava del rettore lo si appellava Sua Serenità. Vestiva una toga di seta rossa con uno stolone nero sulla spalla sinistra, in segno della suprema autorità.
 Minor Consiglio (lat. Consilium minus). Anche precedentemente alla dominazione veneziana si ritiene che il Priore di Ragusa fosse adiuvato nella sua attività di governo da un gruppo di consiglieri, tratti dalle famiglie nobili della città. Nel periodo veneziano, questo gruppo di consiglieri - già formalmente chiamato Minor Consiglio - era ad un tempo un organo legislativo, esecutivo e consultivo. Nei primi anni era lo stesso Conte a designare il Minor Consiglio, assieme al quale avrebbe poi nominato i membri degli altri organi di governo, fra i quali il Maggior Consiglio e il Consiglio dei Pregadi, che più tardi, sulle orme del suo equivalente veneziano, sarebbe stato chiamato Senato. L'erosione del potere del Conte da parte del Minor Consiglio fu un lungo percorso: a partire dal 1293 vennero limitati i poteri di nomina dei suoi componenti da parte del Conte, ma parallelamente aumentarono l'indipendenza ed i poteri del Maggior Consiglio. In senso generale, il Minor Consiglio fu uno degli organi detentori del potere esecutivo della Repubblica. I suoi membri cambiarono nel tempo: 11 dal 1238, 7 dal 1667.
 Maggior Consiglio (lat. Consilium majus). Sorto - come visto - come organo di minore importanza rispetto al Conte e al Minor Consiglio, cominciò ad imporsi come organismo permanente di pieno diritto solo durante l'assenza del Conte veneziano nel 1235, quando due ragusei da lui delegati furono incaricati di sostituirlo. Col passare degli anni, il Maggior Consiglio divenne - similmente al suo omonimo veneziano - il massimo organo legislativo della Repubblica, composto da tutti i membri maschi della nobiltà (dopo la Serrata del Maggior Consiglio nel 1332), che vi accedevano di diritto al compimento dei ventun anni d'età.
 Senato o Consiglio dei Pregadi (lat. Consilium rogatorum). Da organo di nomina rettorale, il Senato nel XV secolo divenne l'istituzione più importante della Repubblica, andandosi ampliando sia come competenze che come numero dei propri componenti: all'inizio del XVII secolo ne facevano parte anche il Rettore, gli undici componenti del Minor Consiglio, cinque provveditori (un'altra magistratura della Repubblica), i dodici giudici dei tribunali penale e civile, i tre sovrintendenti della Corporazione della Lana e i membri del Collegio dei Ventinove. Teoricamente, a quell'epoca il Senato doveva essere eletto dal Maggior Consiglio ogni anno, ma poiché i senatori di più provata esperienza venivano spesso rieletti, la sua compagine risultò molto più stabile rispetto alle logiche attese. Per esser senatori bisognava aver compiuto 40 anni, e il loro numero aumentò nel tempo: nel XV secolo i senatori erano 45.
 Provveditori dello Stato (lat. Proveditores terrae) fu la suprema magistratura di supervisione e tutela della legalità, composta da cinque (dal 1667 - tre) membri eletti annuale dal Maggior Consiglio. Controllava le decisioni dei consigli e delle altre magistrature con il potere di sospendere i regolamenti e le leggi (i provvedimenti) "incostituzionali". Nella Repubblica di Venezia funzionava una magistratura simile nota come Avogadoria de Comun.
 Corte dei giudici delle cause civili (lat. Curia consulum causarum civilium) e Giudici delle cause criminali (lat. Sex iudices de criminalii) furono gli organi giudizionali - la corte civile (dal 1416) e la corte penale/criminale (dal 1459). Tutti i giudici erano eletti dal Maggior Consiglio per un anno. Il supremo organo giudiziario dello Stato raguseo fu il Senato (Consiglio dei Pregadi).

Suddivisione amministrativa

Il territorio della città-stato si estendeva su circa 1375 km² ed era suddiviso in 12 unità amministrative:
 Ragusa
 capitanato di Ragusavecchia
 capitanato di Iagnina
 capitanato di Sabbioncello
 contea di Canali
 contea di Breno
 contea di Slano (Litorale Raguseo)
 contea di Stagno
 contea di Lagosta
 contea di Meleda
 contea di Giuppana
 contea dell'Isola di Mezzo e di Calamotta

Lagosta e Meleda furono unità amministrative con l'autonomia locale (le università) e con i propri statuti (Libro delli ordinamenti e delle usanze della Universitade et dello Commun della isola de Lagusta e Liber de ordinamenti e delle usance della universitade del comun de Melida).

Lingua e cultura

Per tutta la sua storia Ragusa costituì un ponte tra Oriente ed Occidente, tra mondo slavo e romanzo.

La città fu fondata da popolazioni latine, di lingua dalmatica, e il latino e l'italiano furono per secoli le lingue utilizzate nella grande maggioranza dei documenti ufficiali della Repubblica.

Grazie a Giovanni Conversini da Ravenna (1343-1408), che si lamentò di non poter parlare con gli abitanti, sappiamo che alla fine del XIV secolo la lingua più comunemente parlata a Ragusa non era il latino, ma assai probabilmente il dalmatico. Le classi più elevate erano comunque bilingui o trilingui, parlando esse il dalmatico, il volgare italiano e la lingua slava locale. Filippo de Diversis riporta che negli anni 1434-1440, quando insegnava la grammatica latina a Ragusa, nei tribunali si parlava ancora in dalmatico, ma gli stessi giudici parlavano con lui in italiano e la lingua slava era già comune. Il dalmatico si estinse a Ragusa verso la fine del Quattrocento. Per il grande umanista raguseo Elio Lampridio Cerva (1460 circa - 1520) il dalmatico era già una lingua dimenticata, un ricordo dell'infanzia. Così tra le lingue usate a Ragusa rimasero un dialetto štokavo con qualche caratteristica čakava, il latino e l'italiano nella forma toscana, con parecchie influenze sia del nord come del sud Italia, in modo particolare dal veneziano. In epoca più recente, a Ragusa si sviluppò anche un dialetto particolare, con base slava (croata) e parecchie influenze italiane.

A Ragusa si sviluppò una ricchissima letteratura: spesso gli stessi autori scrivevano in croato, in latino e in italiano.

Ragusa viene oggi considerata il maggiore centro di propagazione della letteratura croata: alcuni fra i principali autori rinascimentali di questa lingua sono ragusei; molti rappresentarono saghe e tradizioni dei popoli slavi anche in lingua italiana. Fu proprio grazie a questa pacifica commistione che per vari secoli Ragusa poté rifulgere nelle scienze e nelle arti.

Lingue utilizzate

I ragusei non conobbero il concetto di lingua ufficiale. Negli atti pubblici e negli arenghi essi usarono sino al 1472 il latino. In seguito, il Senato della Repubblica decise che l'idioma parlato negli organi di stato della Repubblica sarebbe stata la variante locale della lingua dalmatica e proibì l'uso della lingua slava nei dibattiti senatoriali. I gospari (l'aristocrazia) mantennero il dalmatico per alcuni decenni, ma il suo uso decrebbe fino a sparire.

Alla fine del XIV secolo la maggioranza degli abitanti della repubblica parlava croato, e il suo uso aumentò via via fino a divenire comune a tutti gli strati sociali cittadini. L'italiano ebbe comunque sempre ampio uso nei consessi pubblici ed ufficiali: la variante parlata nella repubblica era pesantemente influenzata dal veneto e dal dialetto toscano.

Quando Ragusa entrò a far parte del Regno d'Italia napoleonico, tra il 1808 e il 1810, la lingua italiana era ancora ampiamente utilizzata dagli uomini delle classi più colte ed agiate, mentre le donne e il popolo parlavano quasi esclusivamente la parlata slava locale.

Poeti e scrittori
Fra i maggiori scrittori di Ragusa svettano il commediografo e poeta Marino Darsa (1508 – 1567) e il grande poeta barocco Giovanni Gondola (1589 - 1638), scrittore del grande poema epico Osmanide (stampato per la prima volta da Anton Antonio Martecchini nel 1826 a Ragusa). I versi del suo dramma o favola pastorale Dubravka sono tuttora considerati come l'inno di Ragusa e fra i più importanti di tutta la storia della letteratura croata:

Un'altra opera molto famosa di Gondola fu il poema religioso "Suze sina razmetnoga (Le lagrime del figliol prodigo) stampato a Venezia nel 1703.

Note

Bibliografia
 Francis F. Carter, Dubrovnik (Ragusa): A Classical City-state, Seminar Press, Londra-New York 1972
 Robin Harris, Storia e vita di Ragusa. Dubrovnik, la piccola Repubblica adriatica, Santi Quaranta, Treviso 2008
 Giacomo Scotti, Ragusa, la quinta repubblica marinara, LINT Editoriale, Trieste 2006 ISBN 88-8190-231-1
 Luigi Tomaz, Il confine d'Italia in Istria e Dalmazia. Duemila anni di storia, Presentazione di Arnaldo Mauri, Think ADV, Conselve 2007

Voci correlate
 Repubbliche marinare

Altri progetti

Stati tributari dell'Impero ottomano


text:
Prosopocoilus astacoides poultoni es una subespecie de coleóptero de la familia Lucanidae.

Distribución geográfica
Habita en Uttar Pradesh, Bután y Tailandia.

Referencias

Astacoides poultoni
Coleópteros de India
Coleópteros del subcontinente indio
Coleópteros de Tailandia


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Chef to Chef
Tech, Trends and True Stories: Chef to Chef NYC
BentoBox's nationwide dinner series kicks off in Greenwich Village's Thaimee Love.
On July 13, 2022, BentoBox kicked off the Chef to Chef initiative: a nationwide series of dinners discussing the biggest questions and trends in hospitality. Our first stop was in BentoBox's home base of New York City.
In Greenwich Village's Thaimee Love, a packed dining room was on hand to participate in an interactive talk between some of the city's most celebrated chefs. Dinner featured the restaurant's very own Northern Thai cooking.
Hong Thaimee, chef & owner of the restaurant, hosted the evening's discussion. Joining her were Caroline Schiff (Executive Pastry Chef at Brooklyn's Gage & Tollner), Mary Attea (Executive Chef at the Michelin-starred The Musket Room) and Justin Burke (content writer at BentoBox and former pastry chef at North Carolina's Hello, Sailor and Kindred).
"The best way to get a conversation going is with delicious food in our mouths!" Hong announced to the room. Here are a few of the points the chefs touched on during the session.
Chefs Hong Thaimee, Caroline Schiff, Justin Burke and Mary Attea (L–R)
The pandemic transformed restaurant social media
"How do you feel when diners eat with their phones first?" Thaimee asked Caroline Schiff, the pastry chef responsible for some of her restaurant Gage & Tollner's most Instagrammable dishes.
"I don't mind it," Schiff answered. "If you're spending 10 minutes getting every angle right, it's a bit much. But if people are excited to post something, go for it."
Social media may have been a pox on restaurant dining rooms years ago, but since the pandemic, it's proven to be a great way for chefs to keep in touch with their customers. The panelists were also keen to point out that restaurant social media itself has changed in the last few years.
"Social media was a big part of our industry before COVID," continued Schiff. "But during the pandemic, it was a crucial way to announce a pop-up or your specials when you didn't have people coming through the door. Now it's just part of the ecosystem.
"It's a good thing. People love food; they love restaurants; they love chefs. And to get to show them a little bit of what's happening behind the scenes — and have it be real and unedited — is great."
Justin Burke agreed that social media has gone from being part of the problem to more of an organic method of building community.
"Before the pandemic, social media was a big part of the toxic need to be the best. To be James Beard winners. To be Food & Wine's Best Chef. And I fell into it too. That mindset of thinking, 'If my pictures aren't great, if I don't get enough likes and shares, it's over.'
"But when the pandemic happened, I saw restaurants look at social media as, 'You know what, it doesn't have to be perfect. We can post more organic, raw content.' Now it's a medium to show personality and to show off our staff, finally. It's letting us breathe more life into the restaurant's public image."
Schiff agreed.
"I used to feel like everything had to be so clean and curated and perfect. And now it's like, I'll post something funny of my pastry team at the end of the shift and people go nuts. People want to see what restaurant culture is, and now we can show them."
Thaimee Love, Chef Thaimee's Houston St restaurant, served dinner for the event.
Public attention has become more personal
"With food media, chefs are like mini celebrities now," said Burke. "Our customers who follow us and engage with our content and our food are, really, consuming us. But I think people are becoming more mindful about how they relate to us the more they learn about everything we do."
Burke recounted one particular moment he sensed the public shift its perception of his work. He had just opened a small bakery in North Carolina, near two other restaurants he had formerly worked at. Customers initially came in expecting the same production capacity as those much larger restaurants, and they were frustrated when he would run out of scones or croissants. Over time, though, people understood the bakery on its own terms.
"I think guests started to understand what small batch means: that we couldn't produce endless amounts of food like all the chains. They're coming to us because we're artists. We put so much love into this. So I started to see the diners' perceptions shift."
Being a local celebrity, however, comes with a certain erosion of privacy. Burke said he would prefer if the attention stayed on the work.
"People get into your personal life. They're like, 'We want to know more about you being a queer dad!' and they could care less about recipes or anything you're writing or where you're guest cheffing. They just want to see behind the scenes of your life. And it's hard for me because I'm trying to protect my family. But the attention inevitably shifts from your restaurant to you being the brand. That's been kind of weird."
Technology can promote mental health and communication
During the talk, the chefs shared a moment of frustration about their inability to mentally exit chef mode — a state of existence that, thanks to technology, is more urgent and insistent than ever.
"If you're dining at a restaurant, but you're close enough to the kitchen to hear the dinging delivery platform? Your impulse is to rush in there and grab it!," said Burke. "Meanwhile, my fiancé is like: 'Shut it down.'"
But technology also has the potential to boost the harmony inside a restaurant. Schiff praised the ability of workplace chat tool Slack to both keep staff informed and respect their off-time boundaries:
"We have a few different Slack channels: one for basic communication, one for menu changes, stuff like that. There's a pastry channel so my team can, you know, just communicate with each other en masse in one space. But Slack also helps you know what's going on in other departments. A pastry cook can, for example, read the bar log from last night and get a sense of what's happening with the bar. So that's a piece of technology that I find really helpful."
Mary Attea spoke about the ability of tech platforms to promote mental health among the restaurant staff.
"However you can be supportive to your team and give them a nurturing environment will have ripple effects down the road. Part of that is providing them access to resources that maybe we, as a small business, wouldn't have been able to years ago.
"There are platforms out there that provide mental health services, for example. If someone's going through something and doesn't want to open up about it with us, we can offer them a platform where you can put in what you're looking for and be guided to it. Or if you need continuing education, there are platforms for that. I think it's been really beneficial for the industry."
Chef to Chef is a nationwide dinner series produced by BentoBox. For information on joining our next Chef to Chef sessions, email events@getbento.com or follow us on Instagram @getbento.
Restaurant Forward
Natasha Pickowicz on Why Restaurants Are Getting Political
The pastry chef & activist on why hospitality is finding its voice in a fraught political moment.
Lessons from James Beard Best New Restaurant Nominees
If the 2022 nominees for Best New Restaurant are any indication, the future of hospitality will be built by passionate, mission-first restaurateurs who care about their people.
Behind The Scenes At Gramercy Tavern
An inside look at Table128 Bistro+Bar's experience staging at Gramercy Tavern


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Ryde School, located on the Isle of Wight, is one of the schools showcased in our most recent Progress Report. It's an independent, infancy to secondary co-educational day and boarding school, with 108 teachers and 736 students.
Christina Vince of Ryde School first heard Graydin speak about the concept of coaching in schools when she attended Graydin and Wellington Colleges' 1st Annual Coaching in Education Conference in November 2013. Christina was moved by the impact coaching had made in schools and inspired to envisage what a whole-school coaching strategy at Ryde might look like.
One of Ryde School's visions is to develop a coaching approach in all areas of school life. This is spearheaded by the Head of Pastoral Care, Head of Personal Development, the Second Master, and other senior members of staff. Ryde School continues to train with Graydin to embed a coaching culture across the school.
Prior to the first coaching course, most staff members knew very little about the concept of coaching (non-sports related). In January 2015, Graydin spoke for 10-minutes via Skype to more than 60 staff members about the benefits of coaching. Following this, 24 teachers and staff signed up for Graydin's The Anatomy: Foundational Coaching Course.
Across the school, teachers are using coaching tools to improve the quality of their academic and pastoral engagement with students. The tools are also being integrated into professional review meetings with senior and middle managers. Heads of year are finding the coaching skills particularly useful, not only in their work with students but also during meetings with parents.
For teachers, the experience of working together to develop and hone their coaching skills has strengthened their relationships and collegiality through cross-department support.
Coaching advocates within the school have also created a 'coaching stairwell' where students and teachers can self-coach. The school's walls have been lined with Graydin's effective questions and the order of the questions (informed by the Start With Heart model) guide individuals through the process of effective self-coaching.
Read more Case Studies in our Progress Report.