text:
\section{Introduction}
The last decade has seen great progress in the first-principles evaluation of the stability and properties of materials and molecules.
Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) has played a pivotal role in this endeavor by providing ground-state properties with an accuracy that is sufficient for many useful applications at a manageable computational cost~\cite{engel2011,burke2012,cottenier2016}.
However, DFT is not equally accurate for every property of interest. For instance, an accurate and reliable description of the molecular dipole polarizability $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$, a tensor which describes the tendency of a molecule to deform (or polarize) in the presence of an applied electric field $\mathbf{E}$, can be quite difficult to obtain. This is primarily due to the fact that $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ is a response property that is particularly sensitive to the quantum mechanical description of the underlying electronic structure. As such, non-trivial electron correlation effects and basis set incompleteness error must be simultaneously accounted for when determining $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$~\cite{stone1997theory,doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00446}. %
For these reasons, and in light of the fact that $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ is a fundamental quantity of interest that underlies induction and dispersion interactions~\cite{tkat-sche09prl,tkatchenko2012,grimme2011,grimme_chapter}, %
Raman and sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy~\cite{Luber2014,Zhang2016,Medders2016,Morita2000,Morita2002,shen1989}, and represents a key ingredient in the development of next-generation polarizable force fields~\cite{Sprik1988,Fanourgakis2008,Lopes2009,pond+10jpcb,medd+14jctc,Cisneros2016}, it is important to provide benchmark values for $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ beyond the accuracy of DFT.
In this regard, linear-response coupled-cluster theory including single and double excitations (LR-CCSD) has been shown to provide considerably more accurate and reliable predictions for $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ when used in conjunction with a sufficiently large (diffuse) one-particle basis set~\cite{hait_head-gordon_2018,doi:10.1063/1.2929840,LaoJiaGla18}. However, such a prediction is accompanied by a substantially larger computational cost (scaling with the sixth power of the system size), which becomes quite prohibitive when treating even moderate-size molecules with around $15$ atoms. %

In the last few years, machine learning has gained traction as an alternative approach to the prediction of molecular properties, substituting or complementing electronic-structure methods~\cite{behl-parr07prl,bart+10prl,rupp+12prl}.
In particular, it has been shown that accuracy on par with (or even better than) DFT can be achieved in the prediction of many molecular properties~\cite{de+16pccp, fabe+17jctc}, and that DFT~\cite{rama+15jctc} or coupled-cluster~\cite{bart+17sa} accuracy can be reached more easily when using a more computationally efficient (and quite often less accurate) electronic structure method as a stepping stone.
The polarizability, however, poses an additional challenge to machine-learning, due to its tensorial nature, and the predicted $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ must transform according to the symmetries of the $SO(3)$ rotation group.
For rigid molecules, this is easily achieved by learning the components of the tensor written in the reference frame of the molecule~\cite{tris+15jctc,lian+17prb}. However, to obtain a transferable model that would also be suitable for flexible molecules--as well as different compounds--this line of thought would require a cumbersome and inelegant fragment decomposition.
To avoid these complications, a recently developed Gaussian process regression scheme adapted to rotational symmetry (Symmetry-Adapted GPR or SA-GPR), has been derived to naturally incorporate this $SO(3)$ covariance into a ML scheme that is suitable to predict tensorial quantities of arbitrary order~\cite{gris+18prl}.
In this paper, we present a comprehensive benchmark of molecular polarizabilities at the coupled-cluster level, based on the QM7b database which is composed of more than 7,000 small molecules~\cite{mont+13njp}. %
We then use these reference calculations to assess the accuracy of different hybrid DFT schemes, and use a SA-GPR scheme to train on QM7b a ML model (ALPHA-ML) that can inexpensively predict the polarizability tensor.
We then test the extrapolative prediction capabilities of ALPHA-ML on a showcase dataset composed of 52 larger molecules, and demonstrate that this approach provides a viable alternative to state-of-the-art electronic structure methods for predicting the polarizability of molecules.

\section*{Results}
\newcommand{\frob}[1]{\ensuremath{\left\|#1\right\|_F}}

\subsection*{Electronic Structure Calculations}

In this work, we utilized the QM7b database~\cite{blum,rupp+12prl,mont+13njp}, which contains 7,211 molecules containing up to 7 ``heavy'' atoms (\textit{i.e.}, C, N, O, S, and Cl) with varying levels of H saturation. This database is based on a systematic enumeration of organic compounds~\cite{blum}, and  contains a rich diversity of molecular structures (including double and triple bonds, (hetero)cycles, carboxyl, cyanide, amide, alcohol, and epoxy groups), and provides a challenging test of the accuracy associated with DFT and quantum chemical methodologies. DFT-based molecular polarizabilities were obtained by (numerical) differentiation of the molecular dipole moment, $\boldsymbol{\mu}$, with respect to an external electric field $\mathbf{E}$, \textit{i.e.}, $\boldsymbol{\alpha} = \partial \mathbf{\boldsymbol{\mu}} / \partial \mathbf{E}$, using the hybrid B3LYP~\cite{doi:10.1063/1.464913,doi:10.1021/j100096a001} and SCAN0~\cite{doi:10.1063/1.4940734} functionals.
Reference molecular polarizabilities were obtained using LR-CCSD~\cite{doi:10.1063/1.458814,doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1998)68:1<1::AID-QUA1>3.0.CO;2-Z}. To combat the basis set incompleteness error, which can be even more important than higher-order (\textit{i.e.}, beyond single and double excitations) electron correlation effects in an accurate and reliable determination of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$~\cite{HamGovKow09,LaoJiaMai18,LaoJiaGla18}, we employed the d-aug-cc-pVDZ basis set~\cite{doi:10.1063/1.462569} for all calculations herein.
Even though this double-$\zeta$ basis set has only a moderate number of polarization functions, augmentation with two sets of diffuse functions aids tremendously in the convergence of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$~\cite{ChrGauSta99,HamGovKow09,LaoJiaMai18,LaoJiaGla18}. For a more detailed description of the electronic structure calculations performed in this work, see the Materials and Methods section.

For the QM7b database, B3LYP predicts $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ with a MSE of $0.259$~a.u., a MAE of $0.302$~a.u., and a RMSE of $0.404$~a.u. with respect to the reference LR-CCSD values. To enable comparisons between molecules of different sizes, all the error estimates (explicit expressions for which are given in the Materials and Methods section) are computed based on the molecular polarizabilites scaled by the number of atoms $n_i$ contained within a given molecule. These errors, which include both scalar and anisotropic contributions, are quite substantial and correspond to nearly $20\%$ of the intrinsic variability within the database, defined as $\sigma_\text{CCSD} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{N}
\sum_i \frac{1}{n_i^2}\frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}^{(\text{CCSD})}_i-\left<\boldsymbol{\alpha}^{(\text{CCSD})}\right>}^2}$ . %
The large MSE value indicates a systematic overestimation of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ by B3LYP~\cite{KARNE2015168,hait_head-gordon_2018}.
The results from the hybrid meta-GGA functional SCAN0 show a substantially reduced MSE of $0.059$~a.u. Despite the smaller  systematic overestimation of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ in comparison with B3LYP, the SCAN0 statistical errors are still very large, with computed MAE and RMSE values of $0.217$~a.u. and $0.316$~a.u., respectively. From the point of view of machine learning, our model performs almost equally well for B3LYP and SCAN0. For this reason, we will focus our discussion on the B3LYP and LR-CCSD results, which will be referred to as DFT and CCSD, respectively, throughout the remainder of the manuscript.

\subsection*{Improved Symmetry-Adapted Gaussian Process Regression}

The formalism underlying the SA-GPR scheme in general and the $\lambda$-SOAP descriptors on which our model is based have been introduced elsewhere~\cite{gris+18prl} and are summarized in the Materials and Methods section.
In this work, however, we include several substantial improvements, which make the SA-GPR model more accurate and faster to compute, and are worth a separate discussion.

Evaluation of the $\lambda$-SOAP representation is greatly accelerated by sparsification: by taking a few hundred spherical harmonic components (out of several tens of thousands) using farthest-point sampling \cite{imba+18jcp}, the calculation of the kernel in  Eq.~\ref{eq:combine_power_spectra} can be carried out with essentially the same result as if all components were retained, but with a much lower computational cost.
A second improvement of the SA-GPR scheme is the generalization of the $\lambda$-SOAP kernels beyond the linear kernels used in Ref.~\citenum{gris+18prl}.
It has been shown that in many cases taking an integer power of the scalar SOAP kernel improves the performance of the associated ML model. This can be understood in terms of the order (2-body, 3-body, \ldots)  of the interatomic correlations that are described by different kernels~\cite{bart+13prb,glie+18prb,density-arxiv}.
In the tensorial case, one should be careful as the linear nature of the kernel is essential to ensure the correct covariant behavior. To include non-linearity and increase the body order of the model without affecting the symmetry properties, we multiplied the  $\lambda>0$ kernels by the scalar $\lambda=0$ kernel raised to the power of $\zeta-1$, as in Eq.~\ref{eq:nonlinear}.
Finally, we explored the possibility of combining multiple kernels computed with different environment radii $r_\text{c}$, which has been shown to improve the model accuracy in the scalar case~\cite{bart+17sa}. Together, these improvements double the model accuracy on QM7b, as discussed in detail in the Supplementary Information (SI).

\subsection*{Learning on the QM7b Database}\label{sec:QM7b}

These state-of-the-art reference calculations and SA-GPR scheme lay the foundations for a transferable model to predict molecular polarizabilities. We call this model ALPHA-ML, and in this first incarnation we use for training the reference DFT and CCSD calculations on the QM7b set~\cite{mont+13njp}.
As a first verification of the performance of the model, we compute learning curves on the CCSD polarizabilities of the QM7b dataset, using up to 5,400 structures for training and assessing the generalization power of the model by predicting the value of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ for 1,811 structures that are not included in the training.
\begin{figure}[h!]%
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig1.pdf}
\caption{Learning curves for the per-atom polarizabilities of the QM7b molecules,
calculated using either CCSD or DFT, as well as for the difference ($\Delta$) between the two.
The testing set consists of 1811 molecules, and the right-hand axis shows the RMSE as a fraction of the intrinsic variability of the CCSD polarizability, $\sigma_\text{CCSD}$.}\label{fig:ccsd_dft_delta_DADZ}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure*}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.98\linewidth]{fig2.png}
\caption{List of molecules included in the showcase dataset. Numbers refer to the position in the dataset and are used for reference in other figures.}
\label{fig:all-show}
\end{figure*}

Using the best kernel hyperparameters (as described in the SI), we trained a model to learn the CCSD polarizability.
We report ML errors in terms of the percentage of the intrinsic variability of the CCSD dataset ($\sigma_\text{CCSD}=2.216$~a.u. per atom), so as to provide a direct measure of the learning performance. As illustrated by the learning curves in Fig.~\ref{fig:ccsd_dft_delta_DADZ}, using 75\% of the QM7b database for training gives a 2.5\% RMSE as a fraction of $\sigma_\text{CCSD}$ in predicting the CCSD polarizability.

To get a clearer idea of the accuracy of these predictions, one can compare with the accuracy of density functional theory.
Using the same metric, the error of DFT relative to CCSD is 18\% of the standard deviation of the corresponding CCSD values.
A machine-learning model based on SA-GPR can thus be trained to give polarizabilities with an order of magnitude accuracy better than DFT, relative to the CCSD reference values.
The DFT polarizability itself can be learned
with an error of 3.2\% of the $\sigma_\text{CCSD}$.
As seen in other cases~\cite{bart+17sa,rama+15jctc}, high-end quantum chemistry calculations are smoother, and slightly easier to learn, than more approximate electronic-structure methods.

The model can also be trained to evaluate corrections between different levels of theory. It is often the case that such corrections can be modelled with much smaller error than the raw quantity~\cite{rama+15jctc,bart+17sa}.
For instance, using DFT as a baseline to learn CCSD polarizabilities reduces the error by a factor of about 2 relative to the direct learning of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_\text{CCSD}$ (Fig.~\ref{fig:ccsd_dft_delta_DADZ}). This provides a way to further reduce the prediction error at the cost of performing a baseline DFT calculation.
In the SI we demonstrate that the performance of ALPHA-ML is rather insensitive to the details of the reference method, showing similar accuracy for the SCAN0 functional as that observed for B3LYP.

\subsection*{Extrapolation to Larger Molecules}\label{sec:showcase}

Our definition of the kernel between two molecules as an average of environmental kernels means that the polarizabilities predicted by ALPHA-ML are given as a sum of predicted polarizabilities of each environment~\cite{bart+17sa}.
This feature of the model allows it to predict $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ for larger and more complex molecules. To test the behavior of the model in this extrapolative regime, we trained it on the full QM7b set and predicted the polarizabilities of a showcase set of 52 large molecules, including amino acids, nucleobases, drug molecules, carbohydrates, alkanes and alkenes (See Fig.~\ref{fig:all-show}, and the SI for full details).

\begin{table}[tbhp]
\centering
\caption{Root mean square errors in machine-learning of the per-atom polarizabilities of the  showcase molecules. CCSD/DFT denotes the discrepancy between CCSD and DFT calculations, while CCSD/ML and DFT/ML give the errors in predicting CCSD and DFT $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{n}$ respectively, using a machine-learning model. $\Delta$(CCSD-DFT)/ML gives the error in predicting the difference between CCSD and DFT polarizability. In all cases, the full QM7b Database is used as a training set.
The total RMSE, expressed in atomic units per atom, is broken down into the errors associated with the scalar ($\lambda=0$) and tensorial ($\lambda=2$) components.
}\label{tab:showcase_errors}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\hline\hline
Method & RMSE & RMSE($\lambda=0$) & RMSE($\lambda=2$)\\
\hline
CCSD/DFT & 0.573 & 0.348  & 0.456  \\
CCSD/ML & 0.304 & 0.120 & 0.285 \\
DFT/ML & 0.403 & 0.143 & 0.377  \\
$\Delta$(CCSD-DFT)/ML & 0.212 & 0.083  & 0.196 \\
\hline\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

In Table~\ref{tab:showcase_errors} we show the RMSE errors in learning  $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ for the showcase molecules, either using CCSD or DFT, as well as the error made when using the DFT results as an approximation to CCSD.
We also break down the error into the $\lambda=0$ and $\lambda=2$ components of the polarizability, which shows that the error in the anisotropic response is comparable to that in the trace, and that ALPHA-ML learns both components with similar efficiency.
As in the previous section we note that using an ALPHA-ML model to predict the CCSD polarizability is more accurate than using DFT, and using DFT as a baseline leads to a further reduction of $\sim$20-30\%{}.
In the SI we discuss further the behavior of the model when using the SCAN0 functional, which is similar to that observed here for B3LYP.
While ALPHA-ML predicts CCSD polarizabilities of the showcase molecules with better-than-DFT accuracy, the overall performance is considerably worse than that seen for the validation set in the QM7b database.

We can investigate the performance of the model in more detail by analyzing the errors of individual molecules in the showcase set.
Fig.~\ref{fig:showcase_parity_plot_ccsd_vs_dft} shows that errors are very small for most molecules.
Large errors occur predominantly for highly-polarizable compounds, particularly those that show a large degree of conjugation, such as long-chain alkenes and purine nucleobases. For these systems, the electronic structure is characterized by a high degree of delocalization,
requiring larger cutoffs and more complex reference molecules to obtain accurate predictions.
The ML predictions for the tensorial component of the polarizability, $\boldsymbol{\alpha}^{(2)}$,
tend to be slightly less accurate than the DFT reference, except for the highly-polarizable alkenes, for which the model outperforms DFT dramatically.
Sulfur-containing structures, which are poorly represented in QM7b, also exhibit comparatively large errors.
Interestingly, many of the problematic molecules also show a large discrepancy between CCSD and DFT, suggesting that the same collective behavior that complicates ML also leads to poor performance of approximate electronic structure methods.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig3.pdf}
\caption{
Error made in approximating the $\lambda=0$ (bottom panel) and $\lambda=2$ (top panel) components of the average polarizability per atom for the 52 showcase molecules, as a function of the molecule indices in Fig.~\ref{fig:all-show}. Vertical lines show the partitioning of these molecules into different groups.
Red squares show the machine-learning error, blue circles the error made in using the DFT polarizability to approximate the CCSD polarizability, and black crosses the error when $\Delta$-learning of the correction to the DFT polarizability is used.
\label{fig:showcase_parity_plot_ccsd_vs_dft}
}
\end{figure}

\subsection*{Atom-Centered Environmental Polarizabilities}

The atom-centered structure of ALPHA-ML provides a natural additive decomposition of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ into a sum of local terms, $\sum_i\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$, which can be used to better understand how different functional groups contribute to the molecular polarizability.
Unlike other methods for decomposing the polarizability, such as an atoms-in-molecules scheme~\cite{laidig1990} or a self-consistent decomposition~\cite{applequist1972,DelloStritto2017}, the approach used in this section does not require any additional calculations on top of that of molecular polarizability, as the atom-centered polarizabilities come as a byproduct of the SA-GPR scheme, which is based on local environmental kernels.
When interpreting $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$s, one should keep in mind that each term corresponds to the contribution from  \emph{the entire atom-centered environment}, and the way the polarizability is split between neighboring atoms is entirely inductive, reflecting the interplay between data, structure (as represented by the kernels) and regression rather than explicit physical considerations.
For instance, a few atoms within the showcase set (in particular several H environments) have $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$ with negative eigenvalues, which reflects how they contribute to reduce the dielectric response of the functional group they are part of.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig4.pdf}
\caption{Predicted atomic contributions to the total CCSD polarizability tensor for a selection of molecules in the showcase set. The ellipsoids are aligned along the principal axes of the atomic polarizability, and their extent is proportional to the square root of the corresponding eigenvalue of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$.
The ellipsoids have dimensions that are proportional to the modulus of the square root of eigenvalues of $\Delta\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$. The principal axes are shown, and are colored based on whether the corresponding eigenvalues are positive (black) or negative(red) See also the figure key, not to scale.
}\label{fig:anisotropies_showcase}
\end{figure}

With this in mind, one can clearly recognize physically-meaningful features in the magnitude and anisotropy of the $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$.
Consider the eight representative examples from the showcase dataset, depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:anisotropies_showcase}.
Comparing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons (e.g. 2,3-dimethylhexane, cis-4-octene and octatetraene, in the figure) one sees that ALPHA-ML predicts that the contribution from unsaturated carbon atoms is both large and very anisotropic, consistent with the high electron delocalization along conjugated sections.
Similarly high and anisotropic contributions are also associated with aromatic systems, as seen for instance in the indole ring of tryptophan, and in adenine.
Oxygen atoms are generally assigned a very anisotropic $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$; a large fraction of the polarizability of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups is assigned to the environments centered around nearby H and C atoms, but O atoms systematically contribute a further anisotropic term that is usually oriented perpendicular to the highly-polarizable lone pairs (see e.g. fructose, as well as the carboxyl group in the amino acids).
Of all the atoms in the showcase set,  the sulfur-centered environments in cysteine and methionine have the largest contribution to the total polarizability, and exhibit a strongly anisotropic response.
The better-than-DFT performance of ALPHA-ML when faced with the challenge of molecules that are different and much larger than those included in the training set can then be understood based on the ability of the model to determine an atom-centered decomposition that assigns meaningful contributions to the total polarizability from functional groups, based on relatively local structural information.

An atom-centered ML model is even more useful when built on the difference between different reference electronic-structure methods, as it can help interpret the discrepancy between the different techniques in terms of contributions from specific functional groups.
As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:delta-decomposition}, the $\Delta$-learning predictions between CCSD and DFT systematically attributes positive contributions to C atoms, and negative contributions to O atoms.
This suggests that DFT tends to overestimate the polarizability of carbon-centered groups, and to underestimate the polarisability of oxygen-containing moieties.
Inspecting individual $\Delta\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$ provides more detailed insight, identifiying known deficiencies of the approximate methods. For instance, DFT substantially overestimates $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ for conjugated systems, with relatively low errors for the saturated carbon atoms in dimethylhexane and fructose, and the large error on octatetraene being associated mostly with the delocalized $\pi$ electrons.
The systematic underestimation of the contribution from oxygen-containing environments atoms by DFT, instead, appears to be relatively isotropic.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{fig5.pdf}
\caption{Top: distributions of the predicted atomic contribution to the $\lambda=0$ component  of the difference between DFT and CCSD polarizability. Bottom: example decompositions of the polarizability difference. The ellipsoids represent the magnitude and principal axes of $\Delta\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$. Black axes indicate that DFT polarizability is larger than  CCSD, red axes that DFT polarizability is smaller. See figure key in Fig.~\ref{fig:anisotropies_showcase}. }\label{fig:delta-decomposition}
\end{figure}

\section*{Discussion}

Polarizability calculations with traditional methods have always implied a trade-off between accuracy and computational cost.
CCSD calculations give more accurate prediction of the polarizability of molecules (especially large molecules) than DFT with various functionals~\cite{hait_head-gordon_2018,doi:10.1063/1.2929840,LaoJiaGla18},
but their computational cost can be prohibitive.
In our case, the LR-CCSD calculations of very large showcase molecules
took up to hundreds of hours and thousands of gigabytes of RAM.
The improvement in accuracy on going from DFT to CCSD comes with a steep increase in computational cost.

In this paper we have shown that the combination of SA-GPR with $\lambda$-SOAP kernels and CCSD reference calculations on small molecules that underlies the ALPHA-ML framework allows us to sidestep these expensive calculations, obtaining results with at least DFT accuracy -- and often much better -- with a fraction of the computational cost.
A model trained on a database of small molecules can be extrapolated to predict larger and more complex compounds, with a prediction quality that rivals DFT and can be systematically improved by extending the training set.
The atom-centered decomposition of the ML predictions of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ can be interpreted in terms of physical-chemical considerations, revealing for instance the large, anisotropic contribution from delocalised $\pi$ systems, although in doing so one should keep in mind that the contributions are related to chemical environments rather than to a literal atoms-in-molecules kind of decomposition.
A similar analysis performed on the difference between CCSD and DFT polarizabilities is also very useful to pinpoint the portions of a molecules and the functional groups that contribute the most to the polarizability error, guiding the development of better approximations.

Having shown the promise of the ALPHA-ML framework in learning polarizabilities of small molecules, future work will focus on the extension of the model to predict $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ for larger compounds, oligomers and condensed-phase systems.
These developments will allow the design of polarizable force fields for atomistic simulations~\cite{Fanourgakis2008,Lopes2009,pond+10jpcb,medd+14jctc,Cisneros2016} as well as the computational prediction of Raman scattering~\cite{Luber2014,Zhang2016} and sum-frequency generation spectroscopy~\cite{Medders2016,Morita2000,Morita2002},
with better accuracy and lower computational cost,
improving the predictive power of simulations and increasing the insight that can be obtained from experiments.
\section{Methods}
\subsection*{First Principles Calculations of the Dipole Polarizabilities in the QM7b Database}

In this work, DFT calculations with the B3LYP functional and LR-CCSD calculations were conducted using \texttt{Psi4} v1.1~\cite{doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00174}, while DFT calculations with the SCAN0 functional were performed using \texttt{Q-Chem} v5.0~\cite{doi:10.1080/00268976.2014.952696}.
All of the geometries used for model learning are from the QM7b database~\cite{mont+13njp}.
To be consistent with the optimization process used by the QM7b database, the $52$ showcase molecules (obtained from the ChemSpider database), were optimized using DFT with the PBE functional in a converged numerical basis in \texttt{FHI-AIMS}~\cite{BLUM20092175} (with tight settings/tier 2 basis set).
All geometries were translated to their corresponding center of charge before polarizability calculations.
In all DFT calculations
the finite-field method was implemented, in which the polarizabilites are calculated as the first derivative of the dipole moments with respect to an external electric field. \textit{i.e.} $\boldsymbol{\alpha}=\partial\boldsymbol{\mu}/\partial \boldsymbol E$,
where $\boldsymbol{\mu}$ is the dipole moment vector and $\boldsymbol E$ is the external electric field. In practice, a numerical differentiation method was used and the $\delta\boldsymbol E$ added along the $x,y,z$ directions are all $1.8897261250\times10^{-5}~$a.u.

The polarizabilities at CCSD level are calculated directly from linear response coupled-cluster with singles and doubles (LR-CCSD) except for those of 8 large showcase molecules (labelled (18) Phenylalanine, (19) Tyrosine, (20) Tryptophan, (21) Caffeine, (23) Aspirin, (25)  Acyclovir, (26) D-Fructose and (28) D-Glucose in Fig.~\ref{fig:all-show}), which had to be calculated by the (orbital non-relaxed) finite-field method because of the large computational cost in terms of RAM and disk memory. The frozen core approximation and direct \texttt{scf\_type} was used in all CCSD calculations.
In the cases where the finite-field method was used, the polarizabilites of the 8 large showcase molecules were obtained by taking the second derivative of their electric field perturbed energies as $\boldsymbol{\alpha}=\partial^2\boldsymbol{U}/\partial \boldsymbol{E}^2$, where $\boldsymbol{U}$ is the total CCSD energy and the scale of the perturbing field $\delta \boldsymbol E$ is the same as above.

For all calculations, a Dunning-type basis set, d-aug-cc-pVDZ, was used, which was obtained from the EMSL Basis Set Library~\cite{doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199610)17:13<1571::AID-JCC9>3.0.CO;2-P,doi:10.1021/ci600510j}. For DFT calculations using \texttt{Q-Chem}, %
a tight threshold with \texttt{scf\_convergence=10} and \texttt{thresh=13} were
assigned for molecules in QM7b Database while \texttt{scf\_convergence=8} combined with \texttt{thresh=14} was used for the showcase molecules. In calculations using \texttt{Psi4}, for the DFT calculations, the convergence criteria for SCF density and energy were both set to $10^{-10}$. For LR-CCSD calculations, all the criteria were used with their default values. The two SCF criteria were set to $5.0\times 10^{-10}$ in the few cases where the SCF calculations did not converge. While dealing with the finite-field CCSD calculations, the two SCF criteria were both set to $5.0\times 10^{-10}$ and a much tighter convergence criterion for the CC amplitude was set, with value of $5.0\times 10^{-9}$, in order to tighten the energy calculations and minimize the possible numerical errors.

\subsection*{Error Assessment}

To assess the accuracy of a given polarizability estimate in a way that includes both scalar and anisotropic components, and is invariant to rigid rotations, we use the Frobenius norm, $\frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}^2=\sum_{i,j\in\left\{x,y,z\right\}} \alpha_{ij}^2$.
Based on this metric, and given two sets of polarizabilities, $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i$ and $\boldsymbol{\alpha}'_i$, for $N$ structures (each of which contains $n_i$ atoms), we define the following statistical error measures. Mean signed error $\text{MSE} \equiv
\frac{1}{N} \sum_i (\frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i}-\frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}'_i})/{n_i}$;
mean absolute error $\text{MAE} \equiv  \frac{1}{N} \sum_i \frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i-\boldsymbol{\alpha}'_i}/{n_i} $;
root mean square error $\text{RMSE} \equiv  \sqrt{\frac{1}{N} \sum_i {\frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}_i-\boldsymbol{\alpha}'_i}^2}/{n_i^2}}$.
In these expressions, we have defined each error on a per-atom basis to simplify the comparison between datasets containing molecules of different sizes.

\subsection*{Symmetry-Adapted Gaussian Process Regression}

The SA-GPR framework we use to build a ML model for the polarizability is based on the following steps: (1) Each polarizability tensor $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ is decomposed into its irreducible (real spherical) components $\alpha^{(0)} = \left(\alpha_{xx}+\alpha_{yy}+\alpha_{zz}\right)/\sqrt{3}$,
which is a scalar, and $
\boldsymbol{\alpha}^{(2)} = \sqrt{2}\left[
\alpha_{xy}, \alpha_{yz}, \alpha_{xz},
\frac{2\alpha_{zz}-\alpha_{xx}-\alpha_{yy}}{2\sqrt{3}},
\frac{\alpha_{xx}-\alpha_{yy}}{2}
\right]$
which is a 5-vector.
Note that the transformation between Cartesian and spherical components is unitary, so that the Frobenius norm of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$ is unchanged if computed as $\frob{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}^2=\left|{\alpha^{(0)}}\right|^2+\left|{\boldsymbol{\alpha}^{(2)}}\right|^2$. One can then compute the RMSE error separately on the scalar and vector components of the polarizability.
(2) $\lambda$-SOAP descriptors are computed for each atom-centered environment $\mathcal{X}_{j}$ in the training set; each environment contains information on the interatomic correlations within a prescribed cutoff radius $r_{\rm c}$ around the central atom; we use the notation $\bra{\alpha n l \alpha' n' l'}\ket{\mathcal{X}^{(2)}_{j,\lambda\mu}}$ to indicate the components that correspond to the environment centred around the $j^{\rm th}$ atom, and are suitable to learn tensor components of order $\lambda$. (3) The base kernel between two environments can be defined as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:combine_power_spectra}
k_{\mu\mu'}^\lambda(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k}) = \sum_{\left\{J\right\}} \bra{\mathcal{X}_{j,\lambda\mu}}\ket{J}\bra{J}\ket{\mathcal{X}_{k,\lambda\mu'}}^\star,
\end{equation}
where we use the shorthand $\left\{J\right\}$ to indicate  a subset of the possible spherical harmonic components of the descriptors $\ket{\alpha n l \alpha' n' l'}$, that are automatically selected with a farthest point sampling procedure~\cite{imba+18jcp}.
(4) The linear SOAP kernel can describe atomic correlations up to 3-body terms. Many-body correlations can be introduced by  normalizing it, and raising it to an integer power. Care must be taken to preserve the linear nature of the $\lambda$-SOAP kernels, which is crucial to enforce the correct symmetry properties; we use in practice
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
k_{\mu\mu'}^{\lambda,\zeta}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k})&\leftarrow k_{\mu\mu'}^{\lambda}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k})\ k^{0}_{00}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k})^{\zeta-1};\\
\mathbf{k}^{\lambda}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k})&\leftarrow {\tilde{\mathbf{k}}^{\lambda}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k})}/{
\sqrt{\left\|\tilde{\mathbf{k}}^{\lambda}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{j})\right\|_F\left\|\tilde{\mathbf{k}}^{\lambda}(\mathcal{X}_{k},\mathcal{X}_{k})\right\|_F}}.
\end{split}\label{eq:nonlinear}
\end{equation}
(5) we determine the weights $w_{k\mu}$ in a kernel ridge regression model, for each separate component of $\boldsymbol{\alpha}$, which correspond to the optimization of the loss
\begin{equation}
\ell^2 =  \sum_{\mu, \mathcal{A} \in N}  \bigg|\,\alpha^{(\lambda)}_\mu(\mathcal{A}) -  \sum_{\substack{k \in M \\ j\in \mathcal{A}}} w_{ k \mu'} k^\lambda_{\mu\mu'}(\mathcal{X}_{j},\mathcal{X}_{k})\bigg|^2 + \sigma^2 \left|\mathbf{w}\right|^2,
\end{equation}
where $N$ is the training set, and $M$ a (possibly sparse) set of representative environments used as basis.
\begin{comment}
To quantify the error in the ML procedure, we define
\begin{equation}\label{eq:lambda_0_error}
\varepsilon_{\text{0}} = \left[\frac{1}{N_{t}} \sum_{i=1}^{N_{t}} \left( \left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{calc}}\right)^{\lambda=0} - \left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{pred}}\right)^{\lambda=0} \right)^{2} \right]^{1/2},
\end{equation}
for the $\lambda=0$ part of the polarizability, where $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{calc}}$ is the calculated polarizability per atom of the $i^{\rm th}$ testing molecule, $\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{pred}}$ the predicted quantity, $\left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}\right)^{L=0} = \text{tr}[\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}]/3$ with $\text{tr}[\cdots]$ the trace of a matrix and $N_{t}$ the number of test points. The $\lambda=2$ error is defined as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:lambda_2_error}
\varepsilon_{\text{2}} = \left[\frac{1}{N_{t}} \sum_{i=1}^{N_{t}} \left| \left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{calc}}\right)^{\lambda=2} - \left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{pred}}\right)^{\lambda=2} \right|^{2} \right]^{1/2},
\end{equation}
with $\left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}^{\text{calc/pred}}\right)^{\lambda=2}$ the 5-dimensional vector corresponding to the $L=2$ component of the polarizability \cite{gris+18prl}, as defined in the SI.
Both errors can also be expressed as a fraction of the intrinsic variability of the test set, defined as
$\varepsilon_0^{\text{ref}} = \left[\frac{1}{N_{t}} \sum_{i=1}^{N_{t}} (tr[\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}] - \left\langle \rm{tr}[\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}]\right\rangle)^{2} \right]^{1/2}$ and $\varepsilon_2^{\text{ref}} = \left[ \frac{1}{N_t}\sum_{i=1}^{N_t} \left|\left(\boldsymbol{\alpha}_{i,n}\right)^{L=2}\right|^{2} \right]^{1/2}$.
\end{comment}
\acknowledgments{
The authors thank Felix Musil and Michael Willatt for helpful discussions. D.M.W. and M.C. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677013-HBMAP). A.G. acknowledges funding by the MPG-EPFL Center for Molecular Nanoscience and Technology. Y.Y., K.U.L., and R.A.D. acknowledge partial support from Cornell University through start-up funding. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
This work was supported by a grant from the
Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) under Project
ID s843, and by computer time from the EPFL scientific computing centre.
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home Education What is NESL: What is the Purpose of NeSL
What is NESL: What is the Purpose of NeSL
What is NESL: Government body National e-Governance Services Limited (NeSL) has received in-principle approval to establish Information Utility (IU) in India – first under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).
Under the IBC, the Regulatory Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) registers and regulates information utilities that receive and store financial information in a universally accessible format certified by registrar creditors.
What is NESL?
National e-Governance Services Limited (NeSL) has received final registration to become the first Information Utility (IU). State Bank of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, HDFC, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank have set up NeSL. Former SEBI Executive Director S Raman has been appointed as the MD of NeSL.
The information utility, under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, is expected to provide a level playing field in a financial contract, with security measures such as certifying the terms of the contract as digital storage, lending, default, and security interests by the IU in a central server By storing facts.
Information security policies are wrapped around, providing adequate recovery facilities for Insolvency professionals, DRTs, and NCLTs to move forward with their roles promptly.
Suwon Law Advisors and SNG & Partners are law firms advising NC in this historical phase of IBC.
Also Read: What is Digital India? Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital India
What is the Purpose of NeSL?
what is the purpose? NeSL is a legal evidence repository for information about all financial contracts; Land and lending of financial institutions. It stores financial information, allowing defaults to be easily established, verified, and processed quickly under the invalidation mechanism.
An information utility will have certified and verified financial information, and it will be up to all financial creditors, operating creditors, and corporate debtors to provide information to the entity.
Nesl is owned and promoted by other public institutions such as State Bank of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, Canara Bank, Bank of Baroda, ICICI Bank, CDSL, HDFC, Axis Bank, Union Bank of India, and NABARD.
Once established, such IUs will help the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) in the decision and implementation of the IBC.
"We are pleased to move ahead of the regulator recently. Within strict timelines, we are also striving to implement the infrastructure and commitments under the IBC and are exploring various synergies with banks, financial institutions, and Indian Banks'Banks' Association (IBA) in this regard, "S. Ramanan, MD & CEO, said NeSL.
Within a year, we expect borrowers and creditors to be fully functional, added the senior civil servant, who previously served as the executive director of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
Suwon Law Advisors, along with SNG & Partners, is a law firm assisting and advising NSL.
How do you Certify NeSL?
Login to the NeSL IU portal using the credentials provided to you or register yourself with Aadhaar and OTP. Suppose you are already registered as a user. If not registered, please register as a one-time process to get your login credentials first. Provide all the details in case of new registration.
What is NESL

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


LONDON (Reuters) - Ultra Electronics (ULE.L) on Thursday announced that the UK's Serious Fraud Office had opened a criminal investigation into "suspected corruption in the conduct of business" by the British defence contractor in Algeria.
Ultra said in a statement that it had referred itself to the British fraud authorities and that the SFO investigation concerned the business conduct of Ultra, its subsidiaries, employees and associated persons.
The SFO in a statement said it was looking into Ultra but said it could not provide additional information as the investigation "is live".
Ultra shares were down 6 percent in early trade.
The SFO's investigation into Ultra, which makes military electronics for land, air and sea forces, follows probes into other British companies operating in the defence sector including Rolls-Royce (RR.L) and BAE Systems (BAES.L).
Ultra Electronics's biggest market is North America with just 17 percent of its revenue coming from what it calls "rest of the world". It does not mention Algeria in its annual report.
Ultra, which last month abandoned a bid for U.S. company Sparton Corp SPA.N due to anti-trust concerns, is currently without a chief executive.
Douglas Caster assumed the role of executive chairman last year after the previous CEO quit. New CEO Simon Pryce is due to join in June.
The SFO has been criticised by MPs in the past over its efforts to bring companies and senior individuals to book. More recently it has secured deferred prosecution agreements with Rolls-Royce and Tesco and filed unprecedented criminal charges against Barclays and former senior executives.


text:
They ensure a time protection when there is a burglary
The ensure protection against wounding by the shard of glass
They feature a technology that hinders glass breaking
The safety glasses (e.g., laminated ones) of the Effect glasses brand are the glasses, which depending on their construction ensure the different functions: they reduce a risk of wounding by the shards of glass and a risk of falling of the glass. The laminated glasses are also characterised by the parameters of the protection against noise and enable to protect maximally against the solar radiation.
Depending on the intended use and use, the laminated glass is used for joining the glasses, which consists of two or more glass panes connected, which each other by one or more PVB (polyvinyl butyral) films. This process takes place in an autoclave at the temperature of 115°C, under the pressure of circa 10 at. While preparing a pane for gluing, the air is pumped from the internal space, in which is the PVB film, too.
Properties of the laminated glass:
when the glass fractures, the PVB foil or foils withhold the shards of glass in their place,
depending on a quantity and a thickness of the respective coatings, the laminated glass has different physical properties,
PVB foils can be transparent, milky and in some cases coloured; there is also a possibility of laminating the overprints or the graphic elements between the glasses.
Functions of the glasses:
REDUCTED RISK OF BURGLARY
Depending on the construction of the safety glass, the combination has an appropriate protection class, which is defined in the PN-EN 356 standard by a determination of the durability test, fulfilled by the concerned glass in order to be included into the proper class. The test is conducted by one time or many times throw of the metal ball (3-times) with a weight of 4.11 kg, which falls freely from a certain height (from 1.5 up to 9m) on the tested glass 1100 x 900 mm), positioned horizontally. The connected points of throwing create an equilateral triangle with the sides of a length of 13 cm. A height of the fall varies depending on the glass class. Even with the third throw the ball should fail to break the glass.
TTESTS
3 throws of the ball in the triangle - height 1,5 m
not punctured
3 throws of the ball in the triangle - height 3 m
3x3 throws of the ball in the triangle - height 9 m
The P5A class is the same test as in the event of the P1 up to P4 classes, whereby we repeat it 3 times from a height of 9m. Even with the ninth throw, the ball should fail to puncture the glass.
The P6A up to P8A classes – a sample of glass is positioned vertically and withstands the throws of the mechanism of the suitable weight equipped with an axe and hammer, in order to create a hole featuring a size of 40 x 40 cm, usually assumed as the one that enables to a passage of the human. A number of throws necessary for a performance of this hole determines a class of the safety glass.
RESUTLS
a hammer and an axe, from 30 up to 50 impacts
A hole featuring a size of 40cm x 40cm not made
a hammer and an axe, more than 71 impacts
PROTECTION AGAINST RISK OF WOUNDING
In case of an accidental fracture, the safety glass in the Effect glass guarantees maintaining the glass wall at its place and an integrity of its elements. Using this safeguard, which is frequently mandatory (public utility buildings, schools, kindergartens, mechanical vehicles) is substantiated also in the residential buildings, in order to ensure safety of their occupants.
PROTECTION AGANST THE OBJECT THAT FALLS FROM THE ROOF OR THE WALL
Nowadays architecture puts more and more emphasis on the roof glazing, which enable to increase the premises in an optical manner, use better the sunlight, increase a level of comfort and aesthetics of the inner spaces. The roof glazing must meet the requirements related to safety, thermal insulation, solar control. If any object falls on the glazed roof, the glass stops it and not allows for a fall of the glass elements on the people.
PROTECTION AGANST THE OBJECTS THAT FALL ON THE ROOFS OR THE WALLS
Due to its dimensions, assembly manner, supporting elements, strictly corresponding to the requirements and the applicable provisions, the glass guarantees a structural stability in case of its breaking and withholding the pressure force on the glass element. The glass can be used for an execution of the under-window elements and the protective guard rails, as well as the wall glazing, roof-lights, non-opened windows with a huge surface area.
ANTI-BURGLARY GLASSESS
Burglar-proof windows effectively replace the most commonly used types of securities, such as window bars, shutters or anti-burglary blinds. Blinds are only effectively when they are lowered, but at the same time, they are a signal for the thief that there are no residents in the house
The anti-burglary glasses prevent the thefts from breaking and opening them from inside. The impact resistance of the glazing when it comes to, e.g. the impacts of the several kilos hammer or axe may discourage the burglar.
All anti-burglary glasses produced by our company have the QUALIFICATION ATTESTATIONS AND CERTIFICATES that confirm the product class.


text:
See all Sport
Rugby Union home
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Racing home
Forget experiments - England need to build a winning habit for the Ashes now
The team should go to Australia on a high with wins behind them, not losses - they have to go with a winning mentality and belief
Sir Geoffrey Boycott 1 June 2021 • 9:30am
Chris Silverwood and Joe Root should play their best XI at every opportunity this summer in a bid to go into the Ashes on a high Credit: REUTERS
England's head coach Chris Silverwood now has all the power and should get through to the players that their goal this summer is to win all seven Tests against New Zealand and India.
Yes Jofra Archer and Ben Stokes are injured but the only first-team player resting is Jos Buttler so there are no excuses. Chris Woakes plays in England but is not a first pick in Australian conditions.
England have Mark Wood's pace and the skills of James Anderson and Stuart Broad. They should all be queuing up to bowl at Lord's this week. They know how to use the slope to their advantage because they have played there many times.
They have the Duke ball which has a bigger and better seam, the English atmosphere for swing and seam so playing at Lord's should be like Christmas has come early for three experienced bowlers. All should be thinking of lots of goodies in the form of wickets.
For my money we should not be experimenting with any other bowlers. Go with what you know and win. There is time for experimentation, but it is not now with an Ashes series looming.
Stuart Broad and James Anderson should be itching to bowl at Lord's against New Zealand this week Credit: PA
Make winning the goal because it creates confidence and positive thinking. It lifts the spirits of players and spectators and gives all of us expectation for the Ashes.
The team should want to go to Australia on a high with wins behind them, not losses due to the fact they've experimented. England should not be going to Australia with hope or just to take part, but with a winning mentality and a belief that they can win. Look at what Bill Shankly said: "If you are first you are first. If you are second you are nothing."
Ask Manchester United how they feel at the moment. Second in the league, second in the Europa Cup. It means nothing. They will be crying at an opportunity lost and if they aren't then they should be. That is what England should be thinking.
I say this because there is a lot of talk by players and coach that they are focused on the Ashes. Are they really? Talk is easy. Stop talking and start winning because the winter we have just had was a shambles.
The fact is at this moment even England's most patriotic supporters can't honestly think we are going to beat Australia in Australia because our winter cricket was so poor. We beat Sri Lanka because of Joe Root's two big scores. Without his runs we would have lost. Too many of the players were ordinary and that was against an average Sri Lankan team.
Joe got England out of jail against a team we should have beaten easily. We messed up in India by sending players home. We should have made beating India, and qualifying for the World Test Championship final our main priority and not Sri Lanka. Playing India in India is always a tough test for any team but England did not give themselves the best chance by making stupid mistakes in selection and resting players.
There are a few players with a lot to prove starting with Rory Burns and Dom Sibley. They have some good attributes but they both have similar technical faults. I have said this before, they put their front foot on the line of the ball and once you have done that you can only get at the ball by playing around your pad and across the line of the ball. With their natural ball sense sometimes they will get away with it. But it will continue to cause their downfall in big pressurised moments such as an Ashes series unless they rectify those huge glaring technical faults. They have to show us what they have got in home conditions. They have seven Test matches to get it right.
Rory Burns and Dominic Sibley both have some good attributes but both also have similar technical faults Credit: GETTY IMAGES
Ollie Pope and Zak Crawley are very similar, both 23 years-old. Pope has played 17 Tests, Crawley 12. At times they have showed some good stuff, teased us with their talent but England need more consistency. It is not enough for Pope to average 31 and Crawley 34. If you think my words are a touch harsh, I would just tell them wait until you get to Australia and the fiery language from the Aussie players, and hostile crowds , some of whom hate Poms.
I know they are young but there is no room for the faint hearted. The Aussies will not be nice to them, or take pity because of their young age. They will want to stick it to every England cricketer and grind us down. It is their mentality.
Crawley at times looks like a natural, free-flowing shot maker but needs more pragmatism and selective stroke play. He goes from looking at ease to making a silly mistake. They both have to tighten up. It does not mean play defensively, just improve shot selection.
Jack Leach took some easy wickets this winter on perfect pitches for spinners. From what I have seen of him, he needs to get meaner and bowl fewer gift balls. That means a better stock ball he can land on a length and a line with his eyes closed. Every player like me who has played a lot of Test cricket will tell him that pressure takes more wickets than magic balls. Create pressure and stop batsmen scoring and they will get themselves out. He has to become better at that because there will not be much spin in Australia until late on in a match or at Sydney.
England also need to become a top-class catching team. It will be very important if they only have to take 10 wickets instead of 13 or 14 because of dropped chances.
The coach's job is to win now with an eye on Australia. No excuses. He has the authority because he is the boss. So use it wisely.
New Zealand Cricket Team,
The Ashes,
England Cricket Team,
More from Cricket
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By Tom Morgan 20 Jan 2022, 3:59pm
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There are schools offering ultrasound technician programs in California!
Each year, approximately 0.1% of California graduates receive certificates in ultrasound technology. Thus, California's 28 ultrasound technician schools put out approximately 1,026 ultrasound technicians each year.
American Career College, which is located in Ontario, is the top-ranked school in California that has a ultrasound technician program. It received a ranking of 63rd in the country in 2010. 13 students graduated with a certificate in ultrasound technician from American Career College in 2010.
Lincoln University, which is located in Oakland, is the second-ranked school in California that has a ultrasound technician program. It received a ranking of 65th in the country in 2010. 1 students graduated with certificate in ultrasound technician from Lincoln University in 2010. Lincoln University charged in-state students $9,210 in tuition fees per year.
Casa Loma College-Van Nuys, which is located in Van Nuys, is the third-ranked school in California that has a ultrasound technician program. It received a ranking of 65th in the country in 2010. The tuition rate at Casa Loma College-Van Nuys was $0 per year.
An ultrasound technician certificate from a California school... what next?
The government projects that by 2018, the number of ultrasound technicians in the state of California will grow to 6,200. This would require a 21% growth in the profession.
For more data regarding a career in ultrasound technology in California and to compare salaries with various related fields such as ultrasound technology or allied health, take a look at the graphs and charts below.


So the big question is, how am I going to get enough stage experience to pull off an amazing 1hr show at both the Camden Fringe?
At the moment I am asking/begging for 5 minute spots at open mic venues. This is resulting in getting, at best, 5 mins a month. Using advanced maths, I've worked out that I will have been on stage for 30 mins by the time my 1hr slots come around. That's exactly 50% of the time I will need to be on stage… a.k.a I'm in a stickier situation than a rather sticky stick‐insect who has just graduated from Sticky school.
Right, I'm off to hunt down the next great comedy venue in Notting Hill. I thinking of calling the night 'The Notting Hill Comedy Club' What do you think?


During my freshman year of college, I joined a sorority. Eight years later, I still remember time spent with my sorority sisters as some of the best days of my life. Aside from the obvious social benefits, as a young professional, I have realized that being a member of a Greek life organization can also be rewarding in terms of networking and career prospects.
As an alumnus of a Greek life organization, you will have a vast base of fraternity and sorority contacts to use for internship, career, or volunteer opportunities. If you are interested in leveraging your fraternity or sorority in your job search, there are several avenues that are available for your use thanks to social networking websites that are beyond the basics provided by Facebook and Twitter.
Most Greek organizations have groups on LinkedIn where you will be able to network with other professionals who are members of your fraternity or sorority. For example, my sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, has 5,068 members on LinkedIn. As a member of your fraternity's or sorority's group, you will be able to search for keywords, like "lawyer" or "attorney," to find specific members of the group. Maybe someone in your fraternity or sorority has your dream job or works for a firm that you are interested in or have already applied to. Conveniently, LinkedIn will allow you to send a private message to that person, once you find him or her. Introduce yourself, make a connection, and then reap the resulting benefits.
Some Greek life organizations have established their own online networking communities in order to bring together their members for career advancement. Many of these organizations use inCircle, an Affinity Circles application. Through inCircle, alumni members can explore what their fraternity brothers or sorority sisters are doing and which companies are offering opportunities through them. On inCircle, you will be able to explore the career paths of "legal" or "judge," and interact with alumni brothers or sisters for networking purposes. Engage fellow practitioners in conversation, and see if they will be able to assist you with your career goals.
There are more than ten million alumni members of Greek life organizations in the United States alone. In fact, 85% of all U.S. Supreme Court Justices since 1910 have been fraternity or sorority members. That said, the odds are fairly good that you will have the opportunity to meet a lawyer who is a member of your fraternity or sorority.
Networking is a skill that must be developed, especially for introverted lawyers, but when presented with the opportunity to approach alumni members from your own Greek life organization, it should not be that difficult a task. Give yourself a competitive advantage over fellow job-seeking candidates and use your Greek life connections to achieve greater success in your job search.
Excellent, excellent points, particularly concerning LinkedIn and discussion groups.
In addition to getting a job, those connections can pay dividends in developing new business.
Remember to make sure that the fraternity or sorority you join is part of a racist, criminal conspiracy so that you can be involved in the arson of a student government rival's dorm room. That way, you get to be president of the ABA years later.


Click through the slideshow to see photos of Kendall Jones' hunting adventures.
Kendall Jones, a Texas Tech University cheerleader with a history of attracting online scorn for her myriad hunting escapades, is once again drawing online ire from critics over her "Hot Hunter" contest.
Texas Tech University cheerleader Kendall Jones has made hunting big game a controversial topic through social media posts of animals she has taken down.


text:
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                console.log('Test failed \'' + k + '\' with exception, retrying.', e);
                is_current_fail = true;
                if (checks_counter == checks && try_counter == nb_try) {
                  throw new Error('Too many try, failing');
                }
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            var args = "";
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exports.describe = function(s) {
  return extend_vows_suite(vows.describe(s));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Union was established in 1989 at 172 Spring Street. The store was the first of its kind and pioneered a focus on what is now labeled "Streetwear". In 2007, the shop moved to a larger location at 176 Spring Street. For 20 years, Union actively worked with a small selection of premier brands from around the world which catered to their view of contemporary menswear. Today, Union NYC closes their doors. Truly the end of an era. Their final release was the Union x Pegleg NYC x G-Shock Watch.
Stussy New York will be housed in the 176 Spring Street location, who will continue to carry OriginalFake. The Union name is survived by their LA counterparts.


Joe over at Beyond The Chart has posted a video with some new trade ideas. Good stuff. Joe likes his analysis.
Trade Setup – Taking JNJ Short.
The team over at Pivot Point Trading has a new video with both market analysis and trade setups. Joe likes.
Joe from Beyond The Chart has a new video with his take on the state of the stock market. This is a good one and a must view video. Seriously. You need to watch this one.


The SPS 2016 agenda is jam-packed with practical advice on building successful telehealth programs, companies and partnerships. SPS speakers are nationally known telehealth innovators, experts and thought leaders, including C-suite officers of some of the country's largest health-care companies, telehealth company founders and leaders, legal and regulatory authorities, health-care investors, and telemedicine program trendsetters.
Phoenix, AZ, March 24, 2016	(Newswire.com) - In response to the overwhelming success of the first Telemedicine & Telehealth Service Provider Showcase (SPS), the Arizona Telemedicine Program (ATP) is organizing the second SPS, to be held June 21-22 in downtown Phoenix, AZ.
SPS 2016 again will focus on building partnerships to bring quality medical specialty services directly into hospitals, clinics, private practices, schools and other entities through telehealth technology. The goals are to improve patient care and outcomes and to increase market share for both healthcare providers and the telehealth service providers they partner with.
SPS 2016 confirmed speakers are nationally known telehealth innovators, experts and thought leaders who will offer practical advice on identifying winning telehealth strategies, succeeding as a telehealth service provider, building effective partnerships, creating successful integration approaches and negotiating regulatory hurdles.
Irene Krokos, MD, Senior Medical Director, Molina Healthcare, Inc.
SPS 2016 is expected to draw 300-400 attendees, including corporate executives exploring telemedicine, telehealth and mobile health; hospital and healthcare administrators; telehealth legal, regulatory and reimbursement managers; telemedicine and telehealth service providers; healthcare practitioners; and telemedicine/telehealth equipment and solutions vendors. Offering a broad array of tele-medical specialty services and models in a single expo hall, SPS 2016 will provide a forum for networking and for seeing and discussing the latest trends in clinical telehealth.
The convention is co-hosted by the ATP; the Southwest Telehealth Resource Center; and the Four Corners Telehealth Consortium, which includes the University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, and Utah Telehealth Network. SPS Co-chairs are nationally and internationally renowned experts in the field and past chairs of the American Telemedicine Association (ATA): Dale C. Alverson, MD, FATA, FAAP, Medical Director, Center for Telehealth, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center; and Elizabeth A. Krupinski, PhD, FSPIE, FSIIM, FATA, Director, Southwest Telehealth Resource Center and Professor and Vice-chair, Research, Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University. SPS 2016 Honorary Chairs are speakers Sanders and Weinstein, both of whom are Presidents Emeriti of the ATA.
Deadline for poster abstracts is April 15, 2016. To submit abstract click here.
Early bird registration ends April 30, 2016. To register for the conference click here.
The second national Telemedicine & Telehealth Service Provider Showcase (SPS 2016) is coming to Phoenix, AZ, June 21-22, 2016. The SPS 2016 expo hall is a networking forum featuring a broad array of tele-medical specialty services and models, including top names in the industry. Focused on advancing telehealth partnerships. SPS provides practical advice from nationally recognized telehealth experts and showcases the latest trends in clinical telehealth.


text:
Recent_1
Upcoming_1
Pre-School / Infant
Sort RelevanceA - Z AscA - Z DescRelease Date AscRelease Date Desc
Search for: "Bradley Whitford"
Results: Showing 1-10 of 11
Megan Leavey is based on the true life story of a young marine corporal (Kate Mara) whose unique discipline and bond with her military combat dog saved many lives during their deployment in Iraq. When she is assigned to clean up the K9 unit after a disciplinary hearing, Leavey identifies with a particularly aggressive dog, Rex, and is given the chance to train him. Over the course of their service, Megan and Rex completed more than 100 missions until an IED explosion injures them, putting their...
When Chris (Daniel Kaluuya), a young African-American man, visits his white girlfriend's (Allison Williams) family estate, he becomes ensnared in the more sinister, real reason for the invitation. At first, Chris reads the family's overly accommodating behavior as nervous attempts to deal with their daughter's interracial relationship, but as the weekend progresses, a series of increasingly disturbing discoveries lead him to a truth that he could have never imagined. This speculative thriller...
Scent of a Woman
Al Pacino won his first Best Actor Oscar® for his brilliant portrayal of an overbearing, blind retired Lieutenant Colonel who hires a young guardian (Chris O'Donnell), to assist him. It's a heart-wrenching and heartwarming tale of opposites attracting when they embark on a wild weekend trip that will change the lives of both men forever.
Adam Sandler stars as Billy Madison in the outrageous comedy where the subject is always fun. 27-year-old Billy Madison must repeat all 12 grades of school - in just 24 weeks - to earn his father's respect and prove he has what it takes to run the family's multi-million dollar empire. Along the way, Billy falls for his 3rd grade teacher (Bridgette Wilson), gets kicked out of school and must face-off with his nemesis... not to mention a pesky penguin. With hilarious appearances by Chris Farley,...
Us / Get Out Double Feature
Us The visionary behind Get Out returns with an original nightmare, pitting an endearing American family against a terrifying and uncanny opponent: doppelgängers of themselves. Get Out When a young African-American man visits his white girlfriend's family estate, he becomes ensnared in the more sinister, real reason for the invitation.
Billy Madison / Happy Gilmore Double Feature
Adam Sandler stars as Billy Madison in the outrageous comedy where the subject is always fun. 27-year-old Billy Madison must repeat all 12 grades of school - in just 24 weeks – to earn his father's respect and prove he has what it takes to run the family's multi-million dollar empire. Along the way, Billy falls for his 3rd grade teacher (Bridgette Wilson), gets kicked out of school and must face-off with his nemesis…not to mention a pesky penguin. Adam Sandler stars as Happy Gilmore in the over...
The Happy Gilmore / Billy Madison Collection
Happy Gilmore : Adam Sandler stars in this hilarious comedy that scores a hole in one for gut-busting wit and outrageous slapstick. Now in a new special edition with never-before-seen bonus features. Co-starring Christopher McDonald, Carl Weathers and Kevin Nealon. Billy Madison : He's the heir to the Madison Hotel millions but in order to win his father's respect, and his Fortune 500 company, grown-up goof-off Billy must repeat all 12 grades of school - in just 24 weeks! Comedy superstar Adam...
Happy Gilmore / Billy Madison Double Feature
Happy Gilmore: Adam Sandler stars as Happy Gilmore in the over-the-top comedy that scores a hole in one for hilarity. After his dream of stardom on the hockey ice melts, Happy Gilmore discovers he has a gift that could bring him glory on the greens. Trouble is, with his hot head and hard-hitting drives, Happy doesn't just play golf…he destroys it. With the help of a retired golfer (Carl Weathers) and hot publicist (Julie Bowen), can Happy perfect his game and tame his temper to win the...
Happy Gilmore / Billy Madison / I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry 3-Movie Laugh Pack
HAPPY GILMORE : Adam Sandler stars as Happy Gilmore in the over-the-top comedy that scores a hole in one for hilarity. After his dream of stardom on the hockey ice melts, Happy Gilmore discovers he has a gift that could bring him glory on the greens. Trouble is, with his hot head and hard-hitting drives, Happy doesn't just play golf... he destroys it. With the help of a retired golfer (Carl Weathers) and hot publicist (Julie Bowen), can Happy perfect his game and tame his temper to win the...
Scent of a Woman / Sea of Love Double Feature
Scent of a Woman: Al Pacino delivers the performance of a lifetime in Scent of a Woman , the heart wrenching and heart-warming film that was nominated for 4 Academy Awards including Best Picture. Hoping to earn extra money over the Thanksgiving weekend, Charlie Simms (Chris O'Donnell), a scholarship student at an exclusive prep school, agrees to look after blind, retired Lieutenant Colonel Frank Slade (Pacino). The innocent and reserved Simms is immediately thrown off guard by Slade's bullying...


text:
ETSU baseball to face Radford
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (April 7, 2009) - The ETSU baseball team is set to head to Radford, Va. to take on the Radford Highlanders Wednesday at 3 p.m. at Dedmon Center Park.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
The Bucs (14-14, 6-9 A-Sun) went 2-3 last week as they dropped two out of three games to North Florida on the road after splitting their midweek games defeating Tennessee 9-3 and falling to Tennessee Tech 15-7. ETSU is 8-5 on the season in non-conference games having won four of its last five games out of conference. The Bucs are 16-11 all-time against Radford including a 17-8 win at Dedmon Center Park last season. ETSU is led offensively by senior Ben Allen (Kingsport, Tenn.) as he leads the team with a .355 average.
The Highlanders (13-11, 7-3 Big South) come into the game having won three out of their last four games sweeping UNC Asheville on the road after losing to Virginia earlier in the week. Radford is led by senior infielder Alex Gregory who is hitting .442 on the year with eight doubles, a triple, two home runs and has driven in 19.
Live stats and audio are available by clicking the links above. Please visit www.ETSUBucs.com for more information on ETSU baseball or any other Buccaneer athletic team.


text:
The Microsoft Corp. logo is displayed at an event in Tokyo, Japan. (Photographer: Akio Kon/Bloomberg)
Microsoft Introduces Virtual 'Theater' Seating to Help Relieve Video Meeting Fatigue
Dina Bass
Jul 08 2020, 11:30 PM Jul 09 2020, 3:36 PM July 08 2020, 11:30 PM July 09 2020, 3:36 PM
(Bloomberg) -- After months of staying home, almost every office worker is probably sick of virtual meetings. Microsoft Corp. said it has a few new ways to make videoconferencing more interactive and easier to figure out who's talking, or who is trying to.
New features for the company's Teams videoconferencing software announced Wednesday include one in which participants are arranged side-by-side in white chairs seated in auditorium-style tiers. The company also developed a touch-screen display as a companion to a computer that can be used with Teams to access calendars, messages and calls. The voice-controlled devices will be made by partners like Lenovo Group Ltd. and will be available later this year.
Microsoft has seen usage of Teams explode as the coronavirus pandemic forced businesses to shutter offices and move to remote work. Teams vies with Slack Technologies Inc. and Zoom Video Communications Inc. for corporate customers, and Microsoft is trying to rapidly improve its video-conferencing product and add new features.
The theater-style seating is called "together mode." Microsoft said the idea is to better show participants and let them interact with each other — you can sort of virtually high-five your neighbor for example. You can more easily see when someone in the meeting wants to speak or is tuned out, which might be a problem for many frequent meeting-goers. The feature will be available to all users in August, the company said in a statement. New views will be added in the future.
Microsoft said its internal testing found the new virtual mode has increased the amount of time participants look at others and choose to keep their cameras on, helps them better retain content and have a stronger memory of who attended big meetings. When brain activity is measured, this mode has been associated with more calm and focus. The company had been working on different conferencing prototypes and sped up "together mode" when the pandemic hit.
"It's really a design specific to this current situation and to try to make our circumstances a little less miserable," said Jaron Lanier, a Microsoft researcher, who is considered a virtual reality pioneer. "For the moment it makes pandemic-era meetings less miserable, less isolating, less fatiguing, less weird, although a little weird in its own way."
Later this year, Teams will make it possible to note who said what in live transcripts. The app now has live captions and will soon add speaker attributions, which are helpful for meetings in which the user doesn't know everyone.
The company also plans to expand meeting capability to 1,000 participants, all of whom can talk, chat and appear on video. Microsoft will add a feature for presentations or classes, where attendees listen and watch but don't participate, for as many as 20,000 people.
Stay Updated With Tech News On BloombergQuint


text:
import i18next from 'i18next'
import defaultTo from 'lodash/defaultTo'
import type { FilterItemToStringMapType, FilterModel } from '../../types'
import { describeUserAttribute } from '../user_attribute/describe_user_attribute'
import { getDistanceUnitLabels } from './get_distance_unit_labels'

const describeLat = (lat: number) => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  const latAbs = Math.abs(lat).toFixed(1)
  const textNorth = t('lat degrees north', {
    ns: 'describe_location',
    lat: latAbs,
  })
  const textSouth = t('lat degrees south', {
    ns: 'describe_location',
    lat: latAbs,
  })
  return lat > 0 ? textNorth : textSouth
}

const describeLon = (lon: number) => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  const lonAbs = Math.abs(lon).toFixed(1)
  const textEast = t('lon degrees east', {
    ns: 'describe_location',
    lon: lonAbs,
  })
  const textWest = t('lon degrees west', {
    ns: 'describe_location',
    lon: lonAbs,
  })
  return lon > 0 ? textEast : textWest
}

const box = ({ lon, lat, lon1, lat1 }: FilterModel): string => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  return lon && lat && lon1 && lat1
    ? t('coords1 to coords2', {
        coords1: `${describeLat(lat)}, ${describeLon(lon)}`,
        coords2: `${describeLat(lat1)}, ${describeLon(lon1)}`,
        ns: 'describe_location',
      })
    : ''
}

const circle = ({ distance, unit, lat, lon }: FilterModel): string => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  return distance && unit && lat && lon
    ? t('distance unit from lat, lon', {
        ns: 'describe_location',
        distance,
        unit: getDistanceUnitLabels(unit),
        lat,
        lon,
      })
    : ''
}

const location = ({ lat, lon }: FilterModel): string =>
  lat && lon ? `${lat}, ${lon}` : ''

const anyvalue = () => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  return t('is anywhere', { ns: 'describe_location' })
}

const describeNull = () => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  return t('is null', { ns: 'describe_location' })
}

const describeNotNull = () => {
  const t = i18next.t.bind(i18next)
  return t('is not null', { ns: 'describe_location' })
}

const filterToStringMap: FilterItemToStringMapType = {
  box,
  circle,
  location,
  anyvalue,
  null: describeNull,
  notnull: describeNotNull,
  user_attribute: describeUserAttribute,
}

/**
 * Maps a FilterItem to a function for converting it to a filter summary
 */
export const describeLocation = (item: FilterModel): string =>
  defaultTo(filterToStringMap[item.type], () => '')(item)


WRLC will update the website appropriately to reflect EAST's participation. Susan has offered to draft a press release.
Executive and Operation Committee rosters have been updated with EAST's representatives. Any corrections from the regional programs should be directed to Kim.
Ivy introduces the changes made to the Access Principles based on regional program feedback.
Action: Seek final approval from the regional program executive committees – send approval confirmation to Kim with links to local access policies. Once approval from all programs has been confirmed – access principles will be posted to the Rosemont website with links to local policies.
Ivy also comments that local policies should include reference to the Rosemont principles. Agreed.
Roadmap Update: Kim updates the executive committee that Rosemont Operations will be reworking the roadmap and presenting an updated version to Executive during the fall in-person meeting.
Action: Kim and Rebecca will set up a Doodle poll with options for the in person meeting to be distributed to the committees.
Decision: Regional programs will communicate to each membership the current status of conversations with SCS/CRL.
Survey Results: only preliminary; some discussion of results; final deadline February 16.


It wasn't that long ago when most cars had an option for air conditioning. Now just about every car Manufactured today comes with air conditioning as a standard feature. The basic design function of today's systems hasn't changed much over the last 50 years, however that's were the similarities stop. Today's systems require a competent experienced professional that understands these complex systems.
The components on these systems are very expensive so having an inexperienced person experimenting with these complex systems can cost you hundreds if not thousands of dollars. Some systems today are electroniclly controlled with multiable computers and sensors all working together.
These systems require on board diagnostic scanners with specific software designed to communicate and read data from various components throughout the system. Because of their complexity these systems require even greater competency from the technician. They require greater accuracy when diagnosing and repairing, a simple mistake on these systems could be costly in every form of the word.
Some systems like the ones on today's hybrids require specific training with a much greater understanding of how these systems operate. They require a competent experienced professional to diagnose troubled areas pin point root cause of failures as well as identify any potential consequential damage or troubled areas caused by failed components.
Today's systems undoubtetly are far superior from the earlier designs, however periodic system evaluation is more critical than ever before. Air conditioning repairs today on some models can climb as much as 2500,3000 and higher depending on vehicle make & model and what's wrong.
A competent experienced professional understands how everything works together; they take the time to diagnose these systems accurately. This is what you can expect from us whenever you're experiencing any type of air conditioning issue.


text:
Poland: Restoration Of A Former Royal Castle 1973
VLVACNVJ4K1G2NM0FAYPTFQHV4HG0-POLAND-RESTORATION-OF-A-FORMER-ROYAL-CASTLE
There was a stronghold on this place in the X century and a settlement in the XI century.
Drawings and still photographs of the castle at different times in its long history.
Various shots of the Castle.
General Views of people on the streets of Warsaw, shots of the rooftops panning to the Castle undergoing reconstruction.
LV of the Castle and its grounds.
General views of workmen on site and parts of statues and masonry on ground waiting to be restored.
Restoration work of the painting and other works of art for the interior of the Castle.
Cheques and filing system of contributors to pay for restoring buildings.
Various scenes of workmen building walls.
General views of antiques etc. and halls of the Wedding Palace, an adjoining building.
Civil wedding ceremony conducted in the Wedding Palace.
Background: The Castle
There was a stronghold on this place in the X century and a settlement in the XI century. In the XIV century there already were 3 churches. In 1596 the King Zygmunt III Waza got into possession of the Castle. He made Warsaw the capital of Poland. Up to the second world war The Warsaw Old Town with the King's Castle was the most beautiful and most valuable of European architect monuments.
-Warsaw was never as much ruined in its history as it was during the last world war years. The total Extermination program was realized prcoisely tow ash up anything that could bear witness of Polish national culture.
- The decision to rebuild warsaw was set up in the first days after the liberation of the town in January of 1945. The historical districts were rebuilt in virtue of the old iconography and the records. During a half of a century only the Castle was lacking there.
-The decision to rebuild the Castle was taken on 20 the January of 1971. The first Secretary of Central Committee of Polish United Warkers' Party Edward Gierek informed the delegates that the Political Bureau assumed an a positive attitude towards the proposals of the Warsaw authorities and social delegates to undertake the rebuilding of the King's Castle - the symbol of our natural culture.
- Almost all the important events of Polish history are connected with the Castle. It was not only the King's residence. Here were the state's chancelleries and her the ministers officiated. Here came into being the conception of the Knight's School and here two hundred years ago the Board of National Education - the first central school authority in Europe, was called into being.
- The case of the reconstruction of the castle became the case of the whole nation.
The Social Committee - called into being meets with a number of proposals and incentives proving the social support of the idea.
- Many thousand of people have worked without payment for the reconstruction of the Castle. Following declarations for this work flow in continuously.
- Because of the unique character of the building, it was a complicated matter to craw the project. A number of Project Offices, Enterprise and high schools took part in it.
- The walls of the Castle are going up. The low temperature and the anow have not influence on the rate of the work. The work is strenuous. Most of the work has to be done by hands. They make efforts to finish the walls of the ???this Ring and a fragment of the south part of the C??? by the end of this year. And cover all the cellars. The work will continue through the winter.
- Despite the damages and robbery it remained so much that the total reconstruction of the Castle is possible.
The Cothic sellars, the two portals, one of a palace wing and a part of sings Library have lasted.
- Recently, some lost fragments of sculptures and elevations have been found in an unexpected, quits sensational way.
- We are in possession of the architectonic plans as well as of 3000 photographs, several thousand of architectonic and sculpture frog???ento, more than 30 pictures, over 60 places of sculpture, 16 fire-places, more than one hundred pieces of furniture and many others, among which them the throne and the regalia. There also is the urn with the heart of Tadeusz Roeciuszko - our national hero. It was deposited in the Warsaw Cathedral in September of 1939.
- Owing to these mementoes the Castle will be precisely reconstructed and to some extent authentic.
- The damages were immense. On the 17 the September of 1939 Cermens started to throw the fire-balls to the Castle. That day the roof upon the Ball-Room and Rucciarelli's plafond when up in flames. The Castle was devastated and plundered on the Hitler's order. The nappers made lo??? thousand holes for dynamite. The bare walls of the Castle were blown up in autumn of 1944.
- The monument conservators do what it only can be done to save anything. With the Castle it was connected a number of Famous names. The art-works of such a famous masters as Caffieri, Germain, Falconet were brought to the Castle, The interiors were designs by Jacob ???ontana, Dominik Merlini, Jun Chryotian Xamsetzer. In the dining-room there was 68 pictures, among them Jordaens' ???tto Caravaggio's Sebastian Ricci's A lot of works of Bacciarell's Jan Bogumila ???lersch's Jeana Pillement's Jakuo ???onaldies, Andrzej he Brun's. They all were the treasures of the European Art.
- The gifts for the benefit of the Castle flow in everyday not only from Poland but as well from all over the world, especially from Polish colonies. Author's fees, special gratifications, money received for concerts, spectacles, inventions and others being transferred to the account of the Castle reconstruction show the liberality of roles living in the country and abroad. The involvement of the well known and having influence people in the reconstruction of the Castle is of a great value and help.
- The whole nation have an unabated interest in the reconstruction of the Castle. Recently, the two million brick has been laid. At the earliest, in the first quarter of the coming year the Gothic ???ing will be finish so within a few weeks the first Part of a roof will be put on. The whole building will be covered by a plastic tent, heating devices and mats will prevent against the frost.
- The first interiors are ready and open to the public. The King's Library, begin build in 1779 - 1782 years by ???erlini. The room 56 meters long divided by the two rows of lonic pillars is decorated by the stucco medallions. By now you can see there the throne, before it is put on its right place, and the portrait of the King Gtaniss August.
- In the adjoining building, where once was Bacciarelli's studio, now there is the Wedding Place. The fact that you can marry here and even arrange a wedding party, is already the note to the latest history of the Warsaw Castle
VLVACNVJ4K1G2NM0FAYPTFQHV4HG0
Reuters - Source to be Verified
Pride Of Former Days
Great old windjammer 'Abraham Rydberg is to sail to Australia to bring wheat to Europe.
President + Former Comrades
President Von Hindenburg meets veterans from his old regiments when visiting Bremen.
Former British King In Nazi Germany
The former British King visits Nazi Germany.
Two Former Presidents Make News
Hoover honoured at Valley Forge and Truman rallies Democrats.
Former Miss Australia Home
Former Miss Australia arrives home with her husband.
Former German Navy Craft Returned
Ceremony to return German navy craft captured in World War II. Bremerhaven, Germany.
President De Gaulle At Former Free French Parade
De Gaulle meets members of the Free French, former fighting Association, London.
Former West German Chancellor Adenauer In Paris
Former West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer meet General de Gaulle in Paris.