What's the Return on Investment for New Windows? : WinDura, Inc.
This time of year, it's easy to get bogged down with increasing energy bills, chilly rooms, and a thermostat that never seems to catch a break. With rising energy costs and temperatures that keep dropping, it can be hard to find a happy medium. Despite our best efforts to stay comfortable in doors, our homes tend to become colder throughout the winter months.
Although there are several methods and tools available to improve home energy efficiency, new replacement windows are often a great solution to solve this chilly problem. They are certainly more efficient than older, wood windows, with ample insulation and better seals. More important however, new replacement windows will allow you to drastically reduce bills while keeping your home comfortable.
Over time, the cumulative utility savings can go a long way toward covering the cost, making replacement windows a home improvement project that can actually pay for itself!
Did you know new windows offer significantly greater return on investment than most other home improvement projects? They do … in fact, depending on the specific type of replacement window, you can expect a return of between 70 and 90%.
Suppose you have an older home with 15 single pane, wood windows. This type of window typically has a U-value (the amount of heat the window conducts) of approximately .99 — they will lose heat 13x faster than surrounding walls with standard R-13 insulation! In fact, old drafty windows represent an estimated 20% of a home's air leakage.
Swapping out those old drafty windows with better quality replacements offers more than just improved energy savings and indoor temperature control, however. In our recent post outlining the Benefits of Window Replacement, we identified several additional factors to consider when shopping for new replacement windows including improved aesthetics, increased security, and better sound control.
Call our office before it gets even colder outside and learn more about why replacement windows are a great choice to improve home energy efficiency. With options to suit every style of home, and the installation experience to do the job right, we have the solution you're looking for!


All USask undergraduate and graduate students are encouraged to earn credit towards their degree by studying abroad at least once while attending university. Students who study abroad will never forget the amazing views, people and personal growth. Countless students come back saying they learned that they are resilient and can do anything they put their minds to!
International Education Officers at the International Student and Study Abroad Centre will discuss your options, help you apply, support you while you're away, and touch base with you when you return.
Attend a partner university abroad for one or two terms while gaining transfer credit toward your U of S degree.
Taking a U of S class abroad for a term or during the summer, offered through your college.
Short, intensive programs focusing on a specific topic area. Additionally you can study abroad independently.
Find travel awards and scholarships for study abroad program or conferences, competitions or other study-related activities off campus.
Attend a pre-departure orientation and complete the International Travel Registry to ensure your safety abroad.
Read about what made your peers choose abroad learning experiences.
Drop by the International Student and Study Abroad Centre and speak to one of our International Education officers about our great selection of study-abroad opportunities, funding or travel safety.


Denver Colorado - Places to see and things to do.
Denver Attractions and Places to Visit.
Denver boasts dozens of fantastic attractions that each offers a unique experience. From brewery tours to fine art museums and botanical gardens, you're sure to find the perfect way to spend your time during your Denver vacation.
The Byers-Evans House and Museum offers a glimpse into 19th century living. You can tour this historic home located in downtown Denver on Tuesdays through Sundays. You'll be led through this elegant home and see original furnishings as you learn about the Byers and Evans families. These Denver pioneers helped shape the city.
The Colorado History Museum takes you back to the days of covered wagons, fur trappers, buffalo hunts, gold mining, and early Denver history. A variety of collections and exhibits bring the past alive including photos, dioramas, and other artifacts. Admission to the museum is reasonable. In addition, the museum also houses the Stephen H. Hart library on the second floor which is open to the public and free.
The Denver Art Museum features a world-class art collection, special exhibits, and fantastic events. Among the art you'll see here include African art, American Indian art, Asian art, modern and contemporary art, Pre-Columbian art, Oceanic art, Spanish Colonial art, textile art, European and American art, architecture, graphic art, and Western American art. In addition to being beautiful and housing amazing pieces of artwork, the museum is kid friendly. They offer a variety of family events, camps, classes, tours, and free activities for children.
The Colorado State Capitol is a terrific attraction in Denver. Even the drinking fountains here are special. The Likens Drinking Fountain is a functional black monument that honors Sadie M. Likens, a leader of the Women's Relief Corps. Another neat feature of the capitol building is the "mile high marker." The Capitol is exactly one mile above sea level. A mile high marker on the top flight of steps at the west entrance marks the spot. The Capitol Building sports a gold dome featuring over 200 ounces of 24-karat gold leaf.
The Downtown Aquarium takes visitors from the Continental Divide to the Sea of Cortez as well as to the Pacific Ocean and an Indonesian rain forest. You'll see wildlife including the greenback cutthroat trout (Colorado's state fish) to swimming Sumatran tigers here. The variety of fish, mammals, and birds that rely upon the water is a joy to see.
The Denver Botanical Gardens have been delighting visitors to Denver for over fifty years. Twenty three acres of plants, art, and science converge into an experience you will never forget. This urban oasis is a sight to behold. In addition to the beauty, you'll learn a great deal about native plants, conservation, and other topics. Special events take place at the gardens including fitness walks, story time, wildflower tours, and summer concerts.
The Denver Zoo features almost 4,000 animals including leopards, king cobras, zebras, gorillas, black rhinos, vampire bats, and much more. In all, over 700 different species are represented here. The zoo has recently updated the habitats to include more natural settings for their animals. The new Predator Ridge, Primate Panorama, Dragons of Komodo, and Tropical Discovery let you see the animals in natural settings.
If you want to enjoy performing arts during your Denver vacation, the Denver Performing Arts Complex is the place to go. Here you'll be able to enjoy the symphony, ballet, opera, theatre, and concerts. This complex is a preferred stop on the Broadway touring circuit which means you'll have plenty of terrific choices with between eight to twelve Broadway touring productions taking place here each year. Four square blocks offer a variety of venues from the intimate to the spectacular.
We make it easy to find accommodations during your Denver vacation. From Denver Hotels to Vacation Home Rentals to Bed and Breakfast Inns, we offer a wide range of choices.


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Nigeria Is Living On Extra Time, Will Face Deeper Challenges In 2023 – Sanusi
A former president of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the former Emir of Kano, Muhammadu Sanusi II has reportedly made it known that Nigeria is actually living on extra time, adding that the country would be facing deeper challenges from 2023.
Disclosing this in Abeokuta, area of Ogun State, Sanusi reportedly stated, "To be honest, we are living on extra time. In 2015, we were in a deep hole. In 2023, we will be in an even much deeper hole than in 2015."
He posited, "Those struggling to be President, I hope they understand that the problems that they are going to face are multiple ups of the problems that were faced in 2015. All of us have to be ready for difficult decisions and if they are taken, we are all going to pay for them."
He added, "But the solution is not for all of us to jump into politics. This country needs good politicians. It needs imams, pastors, and bishops who are going to stand up and remind them (politicians) of the fear of God."
He also maintained, "It needs technocrats who are going to critique their policies. It needs traditional rulers who are going to speak as the conscience of the people. Everyone has a role to play and we should try to play that role to the best of our ability."
https://punchng.com/nigeria-is-living-on-extra-time-says-sanusi/?amp
Tags2023
2023: Tinubu Is Not Interested In Making Money But Serving Nigerians – Support Group
2023: You Won't Lose Your Salvation If You Go Into Politics – PFN Urges Christians
Universities With Satellite Campuses Produce Poor Graduates – Okebukola
Decentraland (MANA) $ 0.72478
Terra Luna Classic (LUNC) $ 0.00018

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Formed in 1985 by brothers Philip and Gustaf von Segebaden. Changed name to Legion and broke up after one demo. After a 10-year period of inactivity, the band reformed in 1996, again named Cranium.
Necro-Nudist has been used as a pseudonym by both Johan Hallberg and Jocke Pettersson.


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Q: NodeJS, pg-promise and array as parameter Running NodeJS and pg-promise.
I've got an array:
let my_array = new array('x', 'y', 'z');

I'm trying to pass this as a parameter to my PostgreSQL query with pg-promise:
db_webhooks.any('SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN ($1)', [my_array])
  .then...

But it fails with type error.
I've tried to .join the array, but also get error, as it result in a string 'x,y,z' instead of 'x','y','z'.
Printing out the debug/query called gives me:
QUERY: SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN (array['x','y','z'])

This should be:
QUERY: SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN ('x','y','z')

A: The library supports CSV Filter for this purpose:
await db.any('SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN ($1:csv)', [my_array])
/*=> SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN ('x', 'y', 'z') */

or you can use :list, which is the same:
await db.any('SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN ($1:list)', [my_array])
/*=> SELECT cars FROM my_cars WHERE id IN ('x', 'y', 'z') */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nissan has unveiled its new Kicks Concept in Brazail at the Sao Paulo International Motor Show. While the concept is making its debut in Brazil, it does hint at a future compact crossover for the world markets. When the production version arrives it will compete with the likes of the Honda HR-V.
"This concept is a product of global collaboration, but it was inspired by the streets of Brazil and designed for its people," said Mamoru Aoki, Executive Design Director of Nissan's Global Design Strategy Department.
Nissan says that the Kicks Concept was created to fill the gap in its lineup for a compact crossover for the younger generation.
Even though it made its debut in Brazil, the Nissan Kicks Concept was developed by Nissan Design America in San Diego with input from Nissan Design America Rio.
"It's not only just for the Brazilian market, but we capture the idea of Brazil and then we apply it to our global design improvement, making a stronger design lineup for future Nissan designs," says Taro Ueda, Vice President of Nissan Design America.


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The 1975–76 Phoenix Roadrunners season was the second season of operation of the Phoenix Roadrunners in the World Hockey Association (WHA). The Roadrunners qualified for the playoffs but lost in the first round to the San Diego Mariners.

Offseason

Regular season

Final standings

Game log

Playoffs

San Diego Mariners 3, Phoenix Roadrunners 2 - Preliminary Round

Player stats

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals
      MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;

Awards and records

Transactions

Draft picks
Phoenix's draft picks at the 1975 WHA Amateur Draft.

Farm teams

See also
1975–76 WHA season

References

External links

Phoe
Phoe
Phoenix Roadrunners seasons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As a developer you must ask a number of questions when planning the backend for your app or service. This goes beyond uptime, scalability and cost (which are also very important!) but also should include questions like "Where is my data? Who owns it? What happens if my backend service disappears? What if ownership is transferred?". Since the recent acquisition of Parse by Facebook, many developers have been rethinking their mobile backend solutions and considering those questions even more.
At Kii, we understand you may be wary to place your trust in a provider who could potentially disappear while you're still trying to build your business. Let me go ahead and say that Kii Cloud is far less prone to this type of scenario. Mobile backends are our business. We are profitable and have been for years as a leading backend for one of the most reliable carriers in the world (NTT DOCOMO in Japan). This is what we do, and we're not going anywhere.
Whether you are looking for your first backend provider or transferring from an existing one, there are many options to weigh. If you're new to the space, poke around and check us out! We have some great blog posts to help get you started, and even understand the space — as well as some awesome guides and documentation to get you better acquainted.
If you're thinking about transferring from an existing provider like Parse, it's a non-trivial task… but not an impossible one. We know that there are seemingly endless intricacies to each and every app, so there won't be a single migration assistant to solve the problem in its entirety. We do have migration guides for iOS and Android as well as a very easy-to-use script to help move the primary data, but we're also offering help to iron out all the details and corner cases that you're sure to run into.
Find out about our migration assistance – drop us a line in our support section. The consultation is absolutely free, so you have nothing to lose!


Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are population-based randomized search heuristics that often solve problems successfully. Here the focus is on the possible effects of changing the parent population size in a simple, but still realistic, mutation-based EA. It preserves diversity by avoiding duplicates in its population. On the one hand its behavior on well-known pseudo-Boolean example functions is investigated by means of a rigorous runtime analysis. A comparison with the expected runtime of the algorithm's variant that does not avoid duplicates demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of maintaining diversity. On the other hand, newly developed functions are presented for which the optimizer considered that even a decrease of the population size by a single increment leads from efficient optimization to enormous runtime and overwhelming probability. This is proven for all feasible population sizes and thereby this result forms a hierarchy theorem. In order to obtain all these results new methods for the analysis of the EA are developed.


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Hot Men and Haikus: This Is One Dream Combination You'll Want to Proudly Display
Kenta Seki, calender cover. Photo by Jeffrey André
Ada Tseng never thought her idea of a calendar filled with hot Asian men would actually come to fruition. But two full successful fundraisers later, she's proven herself wrong with Haikus With Hotties.
Tseng's original idea for a calendar featuring 12 Asian men with an accompanying haiku for each month formed when she was dealing with scheduling conflicts with The Mortal Instruments' Godfrey Gao. What was supposed to be an in-person interview for an Audrey Magazine series turned into an email correspondence and Tseng wanted a creative way to deal with the change of plans.
"I thought it would be nice to get thoughts from him through written word. I thought haikus were short, simple, and have Asian roots," Tseng explains. "I pitched the idea to him and, to my surprise, he liked the idea of exchanging poetry."
After six or seven similar interviews with other Asian American actors, Tseng had the idea to compile the poetry and pictures into a monthly calendar. Although initially skeptical, she put up the project on Kickstarter with a modest goal of $1,000. Surprising even herself, Tseng reached her goal in less than a week.
With plenty of public support, including a feature on NPR, Tseng and her team published the first Haikus With Hotties calendar for 2016. Following the success of their first edition, her team decided to go again for a second round for 2017, but with a twist. This year, the haikus don't just come with the men—they're actually on the men.
What started as a joke on the double meaning of their calendar name quickly turned into a project of its own. Like in the original version, the featured men, including model Justin Kim and radio host Sean Rameswaram, were told to write their own haikus with one rule—the verse had to be about "hotness" in some form. Then, the text was "hidden" somewhere in their portrait. While some are blatantly printed on their bare chests, others are more cleverly hidden.
Tseng's team is doing one more thing differently with this year's Haikus On Hotties—note the slight change on the name—all profits will be donated to popular website Angry Asian Man.
Phil Yu, the brains behind the outspoken blog, was pivotal in promoting their Kickstarter. He's also someone that Tseng sees as a champion for the Asian American community.
"We really respect the work that he's done for the past 15 years," Tseng says. "He's a representation of somebody that gives all kinds of Asian American voices throughout his blog. And besides, Phil is a hottie too."
The site's founder fits right into Tseng's goal with Haikus On Hotties—to display the men's hotness, and not just in the traditional sense.
"We want to showcase differing opinions of what hotness is," Tseng says. "Our calendar doesn't just have all shirtless men. We have a Pulitzer Prize winner and we have singers, chefs, and personal trainers. We're showing Asian American men are hot and that they are attractive in all these different ways."
To achieve diversity in hotness, Tseng and the Haikus With Hotties team undertook the difficult task of handpicking the 12 lucky men. "We actually spent a lot of time picking out who we wanted and trying to make sure that people were not all East Asian," says Mai Nguyen, Haikus With Hotties' media representative. She adds that this year's calendar features two LGBTQ-identifying individuals.
"Historically, there's been limited ways that Asian American men have been portrayed on screen," Tseng says. "It was important for us to have them represent themselves as opposed to represent what they were supposed to be."
At the moment, there are no plans for a 2018 calendar. However, the team always has their eye out for their next January man.
PreviousHow Fashion Company Blue Meets Blue Empowers Refugee Women
NextMeet Your Three Asian American Female Senators
The Hugo Boss Asia Art Award Recognizes Chinese Artists
Cool Kid in School, Dallas Liu
Lijie Yang Chases Her Dreams
South East Asian Director Wins Cannes Palme D'Or


D&K Freight's comprehensive training and support package determines that previous experience in the freight forwarding and logistics industry is not required. The D&K FREIGHT Franchise package provides you with the know-how and systems, combined with your own skills, to build a successful and profitable business of real value.
If you are professionally minded, can follow a proven business system and are looking for a white collar management franchise then a D & K FREIGHT Franchise could be your ticket to a profitable new world in Freight Forwarding.
All you require is a weighing scale we will supply all other materials.


I sawed up a Sassafras for the first time last week. This was a customers log but I was able to talk him into selling me a few of them once I air and kiln dry them. This was the biggest Sassfras I have ever seen in this area, the diameter was 27in and the crotch forked out to 29inches. I sawed the log at 9/4. Here are a few pics of the slabs and the video of the days sawing, hit two nails also.
Nothing wrong with that. If you don't like it, bring it to the project I'm sure someone will take it off your hands.
Those I will keep in the mountains of TN, if I brought them to GA they would end up in Danny's truck bed.
Good looking wood. If you get worried them flatland touristers down Ga way may try to come poach them from you then you are welcome to take them out of those Tennessee foothills up here to the real WV mountains where they will be safer.
Got a few sassafras trees in my area still, use to dig up saplings and boil the roots to make tea it was so good! In my industrial forestry days my superiors said it was just green junk and lets just hypo hatchet them all, so sad.


In a loan, the interest that is owed to the lender, especially over a period of time such as a month.
This is reflected in the balance sheet, where the interest receivable has fallen to 3-4% of outstanding loans as on March 2017 compared with 6% earlier.
Interest receivable from the part funding under the Assisted acquisitions programme is another source of income for the group.
Interest receivable and similar income climbed to PS41.
At 31 December 2009, the company had cash, cash equivalents, interest receivable, and investment securities of USD35.
Of the $550 of annual interest receivable on the bond, he will include in income only the June 30, 2002, payment of $275.
Preference shareholders receive a fixed dividend, similar to the interest receivable on a bond which must be paid out before any dividends to ordinary shareholders.
This reversal removes the interest receivable from X's books and records for regulatory financial statement purposes and constitutes a 2007 charge-off of the interest receivable as a loss asset for purposes of Kegs.
Despite this net interest receivable on mortgage lending rose to pounds 125.
As of March 31, 2000, the company had cash, cash equivalents, investment securities and interest receivable of $65.
The writeoff of the interest receivable on defaulted high-yield debt securities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement no.
If B decides to contribute the interest receivable to capital rather than receive payment, Y Corp.
On June 2, 2008, management discovered a possible overstatement of accrued interest receivable and related interest income with respect to a group of five (5) loans receivable in the Company's new corporate loan portfolio.


Thomas Jefferson was was a draftsman of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, the nation's first secretary of state, second vice president and third president. As President, he was responsible for the Louisiana Purchase.


Located in the heart of Presque Isle, this hotel is 0.2 mi (0.4 km) from Aroostook Centre Mall and within 3 mi (5 km) of Northern Maine Community College and University of Maine at Presque Isle. Aroostook State Park is 7 mi (11.3 km) away.
Situated in Presque Isle, this hotel is 0.2 mi (0.4 km) from University of Maine at Presque Isle and within 3 mi (5 km) of Northern Maine Community College and Aroostook Centre Mall. Aroostook State Park is 4.7 mi (7.6 km) away.
Situated in Presque Isle, this hotel is 0.5 mi (0.8 km) from University of Maine at Presque Isle and within 3 mi (5 km) of Northern Maine Community College and Aroostook Centre Mall. Aroostook State Park is 4.6 mi (7.4 km) away.
Situated in Presque Isle, this property is 2.2 mi (3.5 km) from Aroostook State Park and within 9 mi (15 km) of University of Maine at Presque Isle and Northern Maine Community College. Aroostook Centre Mall is 6.5 mi (10.4 km) away.
How Much is a Hotel Room in Presque Isle?
Hotels in Presque Isle start at $95 per night. Prices and availability subject to change. Additional terms may apply.
Are you arranging to spend some time in Aroostook? Hoping to arrange a hotel in or around Presque Isle? Within a 6-mile (10-kilometer) radius of the Presque Isle CBD, you will find 2 comfortable hotels.
Although Presque Isle can't lay claim to being home to a wide catalog of bases immediately within its urban center, Presque Isle Inn & Convention Center should be close enough to please Travelocity readers.
You could also check out the Hampton Inn Presque Isle as well as the Caribou Inn & Convention Center. The Hampton Inn Presque Isle is only 2 miles (4 kilometers) from the main part of Presque Isle. The Caribou Inn & Convention Center, can be found 10 miles (17 kilometers) away. Alternatively, you may wish to book a room at the Presque Isle Inn & Convention Center or the Crown Park Inn.
The nearest hotels in Aroostook include Houlton and Madawaska. Houlton is 40 miles (61 kilometers) to the south of Presque Isle, while Madawaska is 50 miles (79 kilometers) to the south. Travelocity-listed hotels in Houlton include the Ivey's Motor Lodge and Shiretown Inn & Suites. The Best Western Plus Edmundston Hotel and Comfort Inn Edmundston are some of the places to base yourself in Madawaska.
Before you head to Presque Isle, why not explore Travelocity's Presque Isle city guide where you'll learn about all the scenic and cultural attractions to be found here.
1) Apparently the roof had leaked in numerous places from the heavy snow-load and MUCH work was being done to make repairs from water damage. 2) There was no elevator and because the hall-ways go around the outer walls of the building, rather than being located in the center of the building, we had to walk through MANY hall-ways to get to our room. 3) We stayed two nights -- the first morning the temperature of the water in the shower fluctuated between being tepid to extremely hot. The second morning the temperature of the water in the shower was only luke warm -- apparently many guests complained of this. 4) Although the picture on the TV was excellent, the audio was terrible.
This was my first experience with staying in a B&B. It was great. The home was beautifully appointed with lovely antique furnishings and collectibles. Overall there was a warm and welcoming atmosphere. Our hosts were friendly and pleasant. Breakfast was way more substantial than we are used to at home. Amazing fresh warm muffins were starters. Everything was spotlessly clean and comfortable. The Old Iron B&B has definitely set the bar high for our next trip. They have been operating for 26 years and in our opinion, know how to satisfy their guests.
Nice hotel .Easy to get to. The Bed was very comfortable.
Room was clean. The staff very friendly and helpful, and the breakfast on both days was great.
3.0 Overall we were satisfied with our stay at the Crown Park Inn.
Check in was very easy and quick. Staff very friendly. Front desk closed at midnight and all exterior doors were locked. We were disappointed that the hot tub advertised was not working. The lounge advertised with the hotel was closed and no longer in business. No Do not Disturb signs to put out on the door so when we went to have the free continental breakfast, the maid was in our room straightening up when we came back a few minutes later! Free continental breakfast was very limited, the bagels and cereal were stale and the orange juice had turned. The mattresses were old and uncomfortable for any longer than a two nights stay. The room was very clean, the shower did not have a water saving device-nice to take a shower like in the old days when we did not have to conserve-plenty of hot water too!!


text:
Mets GM Sent Unsolicited, Explicit Images To Female Reporter In 2016
Pitching Notes: Soria, Zimmermann, Sale, Price, LeBlanc
By Jeff Todd | January 13, 2021 at 11:10pm CDT
It seems veteran hurler Joakim Soria is drawing quite a lot of interest from the American League West. MLB.com's Jon Morosi tweets that the Angels, Astros, Athletics, and Rangers are all pursuing Soria to some degree. Of course, most teams could stand to add an experienced late-inning reliever coming off of a quality season, so it stands to reason that just about every club in a competitive division would give a look. Soria, 36, registered a strong 2.82 ERA last year in Oakland, though that's hardly a determinative measure on its own for a reliever in a shortened season. The well-traveled hurler managed only a 9.6% swinging-strike rate, his lowest in quite some time, and suddenly shifted to being a heavy flyball pitcher (though he wasn't punished with many home runs in the short sample).
More from the pitching market:
After wrapping up a greatly disappointing tenure with the Tigers, Jordan Zimmermann is taking quite a different free agent journey than his first one. It's fair to wonder whether he'd consider retiring, but the 34-year-old tells MLB.com's Jason Beck (Twitter link) that he's instead preparing for another campaign. Zimmermann is sure to draw interest, but not on a guaranteed big-league pact. He has largely been ineffective since coming to Detroit five seasons back and is now also recovering from a forearm injury.
The Red Sox could soon get a good sense of the return timeline for star lefty Chris Sale. Per MassLive's Chris Cotillo (via Twitter), Sale is expected to throw from a mound at some point in the next two weeks or so — if all goes as planned. It's promising that he's already nearing that milestone, having undergone his Tommy John procedure at the end of March of 2020. It is hard to imagine that Sale will be ready for the start of the season, but perhaps he could resume competitive pitching relatively early in the 2021 campaign.
Also on his way back is Sale's former teammate David Price. He posted a video on Twitter showing that he's hard at work preparing for the upcoming season. The Dodgers will surely be interested to see how the ball is coming out of the once-great lefty's hand after a long respite. Price, who was acquired in a blockbuster nearly one year ago, has yet to take the ball with his new team. He opted out of the 2020 season.
Teams looking for a spot starter and long reliever will soon have another option to consider. Southpaw Wade LeBlanc is still plugging away despite suffering a tough elbow injury last year. Per MLB.com's Jon Morosi (Twitter link), LeBlanc is in good enough form that he's now preparing for a showcase. LeBlanc posted a resurgent 2018 season but has struggled more recently, so he's sure to land a non-guaranteed deal when he does sign.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale David Price Detroit Tigers Houston Astros Joakim Soria Jordan Zimmermann Los Angeles Angels Los Angeles Dodgers Notes Oakland Athletics Texas Rangers Wade LeBlanc
Latest On Chris Sale, Eduardo Rodriguez
By Connor Byrne | November 12, 2020 at 7:43pm CDT
Normally contenders, the Red Sox finished with one of the majors' worst records in 2020, winning just 24 of 60 games. One obvious reason? They received zero contributions from their two best starters, left-handers Chris Sale and Eduardo Rodriguez, who missed the season with health problems.
While it would be nice for the Red Sox to get full years from both Sale and Rodriguez in 2021, that doesn't appear likely. Regarding Sale, chief baseball officer Chaim Bloom revealed Thursday (via Jason Mastrodonato of the Boston Herald) that the ace won't be available when next season begins.
"When he comes back, that's upside," Bloom said. "Because we know that's not going to be at the beginning of the season."
Sale underwent Tommy John surgery in March, and that typically requires a 12- to 15-month recovery period. With that in mind, it's not surprising that Boston will miss Sale for some portion of time next year. But it's still less than ideal for a team that signed Sale to a five-year, $145MM extension that just kicked in this past season.
The news is much better for Rodriguez, who on Thursday told MLB Network Radio, "I will be 100 percent ready for next season." Rodriguez had a career campaign in 2019, but COVID-19 and myocarditis shelved him this year. He was just cleared to begin walking again in late September, so it's remarkable that Rodriguez is on track to be in the Red Sox's season-opening rotation in a few months.
Besides Rodriguez and Nathan Eovaldi, the Red Sox might not be sure who will be in their starting staff when next year commences. Their rotation stumbled to a bottom-of-the-barrel 5.34 ERA/5.50 FIP in 2020, though Tanner Houck and Nick Pivetta showed quite a bit of promise over a combined five starts and could earn spots. Otherwise, Boston may try to pick up at least one veteran in free agency to fill out the group.
[RELATED: Red Sox Offseason Outlook]
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale Eduardo Rodriguez
By Connor Byrne | September 25, 2020 at 4:11pm CDT
SEPT. 25: The Red Sox received "really good news" regarding Rodriguez on Friday, Roenicke told Ian Browne of MLB.com and other reporters. Rodriguez has been cleared to start walking again in a couple of weeks, and the Red Sox are hopeful he'll be able to have a normal offseason.
SEPT. 24: The Red Sox have gone all season without their two best starters, left-handers Chris Sale and Eduardo Rodriguez, because of health problems. Thanks in part to their absences, the Red Sox have gone a horrible 22-34 – the second-worst record in the American League. However, the hope is that the Red Sox will have one or both of the Sale-Rodriguez tandem back when the 2021 campaign commences.
Manager Ron Roenicke issued updates on Sale and Rodriguez on Thursday, saying (via Jen McCaffrey of The Athletic; Twitter links) that the former is coming along well in his recently started throwing program and the latter will meet with doctors in the coming days to determine next steps. Sale has been on the shelf since undergoing Tommy John surgery in March, while Rodriguez has been down with myocarditis after a bout with the coronavirus.
For Boston's starting staff, there's no doubting the importance of Sale or Rodriguez. Sale, a longtime ace, signed a five-year, $145MM extension before the 2019 season, and while his numbers dipped after that, he remained an above-average starter. He still has four guaranteed seasons left on that deal. Rodriguez has given the Red Sox solid production since he debuted in 2015, and with next season being his final year of arbitration eligibility, it could be a crucial campaign for him.
Without Sale and Rodriguez, the Red Sox's rotation has struggled to the majors' second-worst ERA and FIP in 2020. They've completely lacked solutions beyond Nathan Eovaldi and Martin Perez, who could return to the team next year as complements to Sale and Rodriguez if the latter two are well enough to pitch by then.
Red Sox Place Chris Sale On 60-Day Injured List
By Mark Polishuk | June 28, 2020 at 8:08pm CDT
The Red Sox placed left-hander Chris Sale on the 60-day injured list, as per a team press release. Sale underwent Tommy John surgery in March and will miss the entire 2020 season.
Sale's IL placement was inevitable given the nature of his injury, though as Pete Abraham of the Boston Globe puts it, the "odd timing suggests [the Sox] may have a need for the 40-man spot" that now becomes available with Sale on the injured list. Boston's 40-man was full prior to the Sale transaction, so the club now has some flexibility with an open spot.
Jonathan Lucroy could be a possibility for that spot, as MLB.com's Ian Browne reported earlier today that the Red Sox were working on a restructured version of the veteran catcher's minor league deal, which is why Lucroy wasn't on Boston's initial 60-man player pool for training camp. With teams expected to carry three catchers on their expanded MLB rosters, the Sox could choose to keep Lucroy and Kevin Plawecki as Christian Vazquez's backups, which would require a purchase of Lucroy's minors deal.
Marco Hernandez, Yairo Munoz, and Brian Johnson are some of the other notable non-roster players in the player pool, so Boston could be considering selecting one of their contracts as well. Or, the Red Sox could be keeping a 40-man spot available should another player come available over the next few weeks.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale Transactions
Red Sox Notes: Sale, Pillar, Witte
By Steve Adams | April 9, 2020 at 9:42pm CDT
Red Sox lefty Chris Sale spoke with reporters this week, acknowledging and even agreeing with some of the frustration felt by fans who suggested he could've had the surgery months ago (link via MassLive.com's Chris Cotillo). However, like most players, Sale viewed surgery as an absolute last resort. "Some people call it wasting time. And hey, it is," Sale conceded. "We wasted time because the end result is Tommy John. We could have done this six months ago. Having said that, I appreciate the process and I wouldn't have been 100% go as I was this past time. We turned over every stone. We did every possible thing we could have to prevent this. And I'm okay with that."
With Sale shelved, the Red Sox' rotation is going to be a patchwork unit at best, should the season eventually be played out. He's in the first season of a five-year, $145MM contract he inked with the Red Sox last spring — a deal for which he opted in lieu of testing free agency this past offseason. The 31-year-old southpaw will miss at least the first season of that deal and some of the second, but he's hopeful that the surgery could allow him to "get 10 more great years" out of his elbow.
More on the Sox…
Outfielder Kevin Pillar chatted with Julian McWilliams of the Boston Globe about his revamped approach at the plate heading into the 2020 season. Long a pull-happy hitter, Pillar's pull tendencies spiked to new heights in 2019, prompting him to refocus on taking the ball up the middle and hitting to all fields. The 31-year-old belted a career-high 21 homers last year — likely in part due to said spike in pull percentage and also due to the juiced ball — but he's hopeful that more of all-fields approach will bring about a more well-rounded offensive game. Specifically, Pillar noted that going through the offseason and better "understanding how teams value players now" fueled his approach. Pillar, of course, was non-tendered by the Giants after racking up 21 homers, 37 doubles and four triples due in some part to his dismal .287 OBP. He eventually signed a one-year, $4.25MM deal with Boston late in the offseason.
Infielder Jantzen Witte, in camp as a non-roster invitee with the Sox, is in many ways a microcosm of the challenges that minor league players face as a whole, writes WEEI's Rob Bradford. A career-long minor leaguer, Witte had never earned more than $12,000 in a single season. However, he reached minor league free agency this winter and was slated to see his earnings increase considerably, even if he simply spent the year in Triple-A. Witte, though, impressed in camp and caught the eye of manager Ron Roenicke, creating the outside possibility of securing a bench spot with the club and at least putting him on the radar for a midseason call-up. Now, he's collecting a $400 weekly stipend through the end of May — a rate that checks in under his previous $12,000 salary even when prorated for a whole season — with no clue what'll happen thereafter (financially speaking). Bradford spoke with Witte about his efforts to remain in shape, the financial uncertainty he's facing and the woodcarving side business he's started up while awaiting clarity. The 30-year-old Witte hit .277/.339/.394 in Triple-A last year while playing third base, second base, first base and left field.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale Kevin Pillar Notes
Chris Sale Undergoes Tommy John Surgery
By Jeff Todd | March 30, 2020 at 4:23pm CDT
4:42pm: The surgery was performed today in Los Angeles by Dr. Neal ElAttrache, the Red Sox announced.
4:23pm: We've known for some time that Red Sox lefty Chris Sale was destined for Tommy John surgery. But the timing of the procedure was in some doubt given the urgent need for medical resources to deal with the still-growing coronavirus crisis.
Sale has indeed received a replacement ulnar collateral ligament in his left elbow, according to Alex Speier of the Boston Globe (via Twitter). Details on the procedure — timing, location, whether other work was also done — remain unavailable.
Several other pitchers have had TJ surgeries in recent weeks. But even if it's legal (that depends upon location) and there's a willing medical provider, it remains a legitimate question whether it's ethical to perform such elective work given the dire need for medical resources around the world. Emma Baccilieri of SI.com just published a careful examination of the topic.
Now that we know Sale has had his elbow work done, it's possible to set an estimated timeline for his return. There's no question he'll miss all of a truncated 2020 season, no matter how late it goes. But his status for 2021 will depend upon the course of his rehab. If all goes well, he'll be moving toward competitive moundwork this time next year.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale
Revisiting The Chris Sale Extension
By Mark Polishuk | March 22, 2020 at 9:52pm CDT
The Red Sox were as busy as any team during last spring's extension flurry, inking a pair of star players to long-term deals that kept them out of the 2019-2020 free agent market. One of the extensions was a six-year deal with Xander Bogaerts worth $120MM in guaranteed money, a contract that now looks like a pretty sound investment given how Bogaerts followed up a strong 2018 season with an even better 2019 campaign.
The other extension is already off to a rough start. Chris Sale signed a five-year, $145MM pact covering the 2020-24 seasons, with a club/vesting option for the 2025 campaign worth at least $20MM. After vastly outperforming his early-career extension with the White Sox (which ended up as a seven-year, $59MM deal once both option years were exercised), Sale now had a new deal that better reflected his status as one of the better pitchers over the last decade.
Exactly one year after that extension was signed, however, the deal looms as a significant misfire for the Red Sox on a couple of different levels. The club announced on Thursday that Sale would be undergoing Tommy John surgery, which will keep him out of action for whatever becomes of the 2020 season and, in all likelihood, around half of the 2021 season. The surgery comes on the heels of Sale being shut down last August due to elbow inflamation, and while a platelet-rich plasma injection and some months of rest looked to have the left-hander back on track earlier this winter, Sale was shut down again earlier this month after suffering a flexor strain.
In the short term, this means Boston loses its best pitcher for 2020. It is a major blow to a rotation that was only okay in 2019, and already had lost David Price after the Sox traded the veteran southpaw and Mookie Betts to the Dodgers in February. While Sale could conceivably get back to something close to his old form post-surgery and still pitch well over the rest of his contract, the Betts/Price trade plays a critical role in evaluating the big-picture impact of Sale's extension.
As much as Red Sox ownership has tried to deny it, the luxury tax was clearly a major reason the team was willing to part ways with Betts and Price. Between moving Betts' $27.7MM salary and half of the $96MM remaining on Price's deal, the Sox have gotten themselves under the $208MM Competitive Balance Tax threshold, with Roster Resource projecting a current tax number just shy of $196MM for the 2020 Red Sox.
After two seasons of tax overages, getting under the CBT limit in 2020 would save the Red Sox millions in future tax payments, and theoretically allow them to spend past the threshold again as early as 2021 with only a minimal "first-timer" penalty attached. As many Boston fans angrily noted over the winter, of course, trading Betts was a pretty extreme measure to achieve these luxury tax savings, and it's a measure that could have well been avoided had the Red Sox not spent so much money elsewhere….for instance, on Sale's extension.
Due to deferred money and the structure of the extension, Sale's contract has a luxury tax number of $25.6MM per season from 2020-24. Boston's overall luxury tax payroll stood at roughly $236.3MM at the start of November, so subtracting Sale's salary would have dropped their figure to $210.7MM, already within shouting distance of the $208MM threshold. From that point it would've been much easier for chief baseball officer Chaim Bloom to make few more cuts and duck under the $208MM line without having to move Betts or Price.
Sale isn't the only problematic salary on Boston's payroll, of course, as the four-year, $68MM free agent deal Nathan Eovaldi signed last offseason is also looking questionable after Eovaldi's injury-plagued 2019. That said, the Red Sox were far from the only team who thought Eovaldi turned a corner in his breakout 2018 campaign, and they had to outbid the market to re-sign him.
In Sale's case, the Sox didn't necessarily have to pursue that extension, particularly given that a few red flags were already apparent. Sale lost some effectiveness down the stretch in the 2017 season, and had an even shakier ending to his 2018, as shoulder problems limited him to just 17 regular-season innings after July 27 of that year. The Red Sox were as judicious as possible in spacing out Sale's appearances during the postseason, when he posted a 4.11 ERA over 15 1/3 innings en route to Boston's World Series championship.
While Sale had been a very durable pitcher for the bulk of his career, seemingly running out of steam in consecutive seasons should probably have been enough to give the Red Sox some pause before guaranteeing him $145MM through his age 31-35 seasons. As The Boston Globe's Peter Abraham recently noted, the Sox may have been motivated to keep Sale out of a lingering regret over the Jon Lester situation from 2014, when the team was perhaps too rigid in extension talks prior to Lester's final season under contract, which led to Lester being dealt to the Athletics at midseason and then going on deliver several more fine years after signing with the Cubs.
Abraham argues that waiting until after Sale's final season could have been the more prudent decision for the Sox, as they would have had the added information of Sale's 2019 numbers. While the elbow injury was the biggest concern, Sale's 36% hard-hit ball rate was the highest of his career, and his average fastball velocity dropped by 1.5 mph (to 93.2) from his 2018 speed. Sale's 2019 season was the worst of his ten-year MLB career, though given his high standards, a "bad" Chris Sale season was still very solid — a 4.40 ERA, 5.89 K/BB rate, 13.3 K/9 over 147 1/3 innings, and a wealth of advanced metrics (3.39 FIP, 2.93 xFIP, 3.00 SIERA) hinting that Sale's 4.40 ERA was the result of some bad luck, such as a 1.47 HR/9 that far surpassed his previous career high.
Would this platform year have been enough to make Sale a big player in free agency? We saw multiple top arms score larger-than-expected contracts this winter, though none of Gerrit Cole, Stephen Strasburg, Madison Bumgarner and company had a mid-August shutdown hanging over their heads. It's probably safe to assume that Sale would have still landed a pretty sizable multi-year contract if he had been a free agent, though that also assumes he would have tested the market at all. His elbow injury could have led to Sale accepting a one-year, $17.8MM qualifying offer to remain in Boston, in the hopes that he'd return to better health in 2020 and deliver a prime season that would lead to a bigger deal in the 2020-21 offseason.
Adding another wrinkle to the mix, perhaps the Red Sox don't even issue Sale a QO in this scenario out of a concern that he might accept it. Boston's approach to payroll seemed to shift radically from the start of the 2019 season to the end, as president of baseball operations Dave Dombrowski was fired and eventually replaced with Bloom, who was under that rather clumsily-issued edict to trim salaries. In the wake of Sale's 2019 season, perhaps the Red Sox would've been comfortable just letting Sale walk entirely, thus removing one more contractual concern from their books.
A major-market team like the Sox can weather a big contract not working out, but the franchise's self-imposed desire to avoid the luxury tax suddenly puts many of the big deals of the Dombrowski era (the Sale extension, plus the signings of Price, Eovaldi, and maybe even J.D. Martinez considering the sheer dollars involved) under the radar. This being said, blaming Dombrowski for Boston's financial situation is unfair, as these nine-figure deals aren't happening without the green light from ownership.
Sale's extension is a prime example of how no transaction exists in a vacuum, as every signing/extension/trade/release/etc. is itself a response to some other move, and also sets off a chain reaction of other moves. As Abraham pointed out, who knows if Red Sox ownership makes such a move if they had acted differently with Lester all those years ago, or if maybe Sale (or Price, or Eovaldi, or even Dombrowski) ends up in Boston whatsoever if the Sox had still had Lester in their rotation. Unfortunately for Sale and the Red Sox, the second-guessing over the extension will continue at least until the southpaw can finally get back on the mound.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale MLBTR Originals Transaction Retrospection
Video: Is There Any Hope For Chris Sale?
By Tim Dierkes | March 21, 2020 at 1:33am CDT
With the news of Red Sox pitcher Chris Sale needing Tommy John surgery, MLBTR's Jeff Todd seeks out comparable aces who were able to return to prominence after the procedure. Click here for today's video.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale MLBTR On YouTube
East Notes: Sale, Mets, Nats, Jays
By Connor Byrne | March 20, 2020 at 11:50pm CDT
Boston's rotation took a hit it may not recover from in 2020 with this week's news that ace Chris Sale will undergo Tommy John surgery. Chief baseball officer Chaim Bloom, who has been faced with no shortage of adversity during his first several months atop the Red Sox's baseball department, addressed the surgery decision this week, as Jason Mastrodonato of the Boston Herald details. The left-handed Sale dealt with elbow problems last season, but Bloom and the Red Sox don't regret putting off his procedure. "Based on everything that went on last summer, the symptoms, the imaging, it seemed very reasonable to me to take that time off and try to rest, strengthen everything and hope for a successful path forward," Bloom said. "Obviously up until (he felt pain) in early March, there was every indication that he was doing great." Indeed, it was just this Wednesday that Sale seemed to be progressing in his recovery from a flexor strain. That changed a day later, and now Boston will have to go without its best pitcher until sometime in 2021.
The Mets have optioned shortstop Andres Gimenez, right-hander Tyler Bashlor and catcher Ali Sanchez to Triple-A Syracuse, Mike Puma of the New York Post tweets. Bashlor's the lone member of the trio with major league experience, but he endured immense struggles as a Met last year. The most promising player in the group is the 21-year-old Gimenez, whom MLB.com ranks as the sport's 84th-best prospect. Gimenez could be a long-term factor in the Mets' infield, though he hasn't advanced past Double-A ball yet. He batted .250/.309/.387 with nine home runs and 28 stolen bases over 479 plate appearances at that level last season.
The Nationals released reliever Hunter Strickland last weekend, and it turns out that the move was somewhat costly for the club. Had the Nats cut ties with Strickland a week earlier, they would have only had to pay him one-sixth of his $1.6MM salary, Mark Zuckerman of MASNsports.com notes. By parting with Strickland when it did, though, Washington had to fork over a fourth of his money; as a result, it lost $133K or so, per Zuckerman.
The coronavirus led the Criminal Court Complex in Clearwater, Fla., to push back Blue Jays catcher Reese McGuire's court date to April 20, Shi Davidi of Sportsnet relays. McGuire had been scheduled to appear in court Monday as a result of his Feb. 7 arrest on a charge of "exposure of sexual organs," a first-degree misdemeanor. He could face one year in jail and fines up to $1K.
Andres Gimenez Boston Red Sox Chris Sale Hunter Strickland New York Mets Notes Reese McGuire Toronto Blue Jays Tyler Bashlor Washington Nationals
Chris Sale To Undergo Tommy John Surgery
Red Sox left-hander Chris Sale will undergo Tommy John surgery, as per a team announcement. Sale will be out of action for roughly the next 12-15 months, as per the usual recovery timeline, and will miss all of the 2020 season.
The news less than three weeks after Sale was diagnosed with a flexor strain, following some elbow soreness in his throwing elbow. Sale only resumed throwing yesterday, though it's fair to assume that he experienced further discomfort that resulted in today's decision.
The Red Sox press release didn't include any actual date for Sale's surgery, and Joel Sherman of the New York Post speculated that it could perhaps be some time before Sale actually goes under the knife, given how elective medical procedures are increasingly being canceled (both in the United States and all around the world) in order to give hospitals and doctors more time to focus on the coronavirus pandemic. It's also worth wondering if the uncertainty surrounding how much (or any) of the 2020 season will be played could have contributed to Sale's decision, as he perhaps figured that missing time now was preferable to missing time when games were firmly on the schedule. Regardless, Sale will now miss whatever exists of the 2020 campaign and also likely at least two or three months of the 2021 season.
Due to his relatively thin stature and his unique throwing motion, durability questions dogged Sale as far back as his days as a vaunted prospect coming out of Florida Gulf Coast University, to the point that he dropped to the White Sox with the 13th pick of the 2010 draft. Sale proved those criticisms wrong after almost a full decade as one of the game's best starters, with a career 3.03 ERA, 11.1 K/9, and the best career K/BB rate (5.37) in baseball history, while also averaging 205 innings per season between 2012-17.
The Red Sox acquired Sale in a December 2016 blockbuster trade that saw budding superstar Yoan Moncada go to Chicago, though the hefty price tag was worth it from Boston's perspective, given Sale's strong results for the club and his role in helping the Red Sox win the 2018 World Series. That said, Sale seemed to wear down at the end of the 2017 season and was bothered by shoulder problems late in the 2018 campaign, which led the Sox to limit his innings down the stretch and during their postseason run.
Those injury concerns didn't stop Boston from signing Sale to a five-year, $145MM extension almost exactly one year ago. That deal covered the 2020-24 seasons, meaning the Red Sox won't see any return on that investment for at least the next 15 months. Warning signs already began to crop up last season, as Sale got off to a slow start and only somewhat looked like himself (a career-high 4.40 ERA, though advanced metrics painted a much more favorable picture of his 2019 performance) over 147 1/3 innings before being shut down in mid-August due to elbow inflammation. Treatment for that inflammation included a platelet-rich plasma injection in Sale's elbow, and he was seemingly making good progress in his offseason workouts before a bout of pneumonia set him back a couple of weeks.
Given that so much of Boston's offseason revolved around getting under the luxury tax threshold, the Sale extension now looms as a seriously questionable decision. If Sale hadn't been extended and his $25.6MM average annual value wasn't on the team's books, the Red Sox wouldn't have faced nearly the (self-imposed) crunch to reset their tax bill after two years of overages. This could have meant the Sox may have explored other, lower-level methods of getting under the $208MM threshold rather than the extreme measure of trading Mookie Betts and David Price to the Dodgers.
With Sale now out of the picture entirely for 2020, Eduardo Rodriguez is now the ace of the Red Sox rotation following the lefty's big 2019 performance. E-Rod leaves a staff that is severely lacking in sure things, as Nathan Eovaldi, Martin Perez, and Collin McHugh are all looking to rebound from either injury or inconsistency last season (McHugh could even still wind up in the bullpen). A long list of names were competing for the final two rotation jobs before Spring Training was halted, and manager Ron Roenicke hinted that the Sox would use an opener/bulk pitcher strategy for at least one of the two slots.
Boston Red Sox Chris Sale Newsstand
Blue Jays To Sign Tyler Chatwood


Rami Malek on how he dealt with on-set frustrations: "I just reminded myself: What would Freddie do?"
Production for the highly anticipated Queen biopic has been anything but easy, yet, that hasn't seemed to bother Rami Malek, who will be starring in the film as Queen singer Freddie Mercury.
As previously mentioned, the film has had its fair share of hardships in the production process, most notably with previous Bohemian Rhapsody director Bryan Singer being replaced with Dexter Fletcher.
You can watch the first trailer below!
Bohemian Rhapsody is slated to hit theaters on November 2, which is over a month ahead of its original December 25 release.
Are you excited for the Queen Biopic? Sound off in the comments below!


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Disease: Heterochromia Iridis
Heterochromia iridis facts
Heterochromia iridis is an uncommon condition in which the two eyes are different in color.
Heterochromia iridis may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired.
Hereditary heterochromia iridis may be associated with other abnormalities of the eyes or body.
Acquired heterochromia is usually due to an eye disease.
If the condition is acquired, treatment may be directed at the underlying cause.
Colored contact lenses may be used for cosmetic results.
Most cases of heterochromia iridis are mild and do not have associated problems.
What is heterochromia iridis?
Heterochromia iridis is a condition in which the iris in one eye has a different color than the iris of the other eye. The iris is the tissue of the eye that surrounds the pupil and imparts a color, whether green, blue, brown, hazel, grey, or other, to the eye. Heterochromia iridis is to be differentiated from heterochromia (difference in color) iridum (within the iris of one eye).
Iris color is the result of the pigment that is present in the iris. Brown eyes have large amounts of melanin pigment deposits, and blue eyes have a lack of melanin. Although eye color is inherited, the inheritance pattern is complex, with interaction of more than one gene. These genes interact to provide the full constellation of colors. Other genes may determine the pattern and placement of pigment in the iris, thereby accounting for solid brown as opposed to rays of color. Normally, the two irises of an individual are of the same color. In heterochromia, the affected eye may be hyperpigmented (darker or hyperchromic) or hypopigmented (lighter or hypochromic). Eye color is determined primarily by the concentration and distribution of melanin within the iris tissues.
How rare is heterochromia iridis?
Heterochromia can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired. The incidence of congenital heterochromia iridis is approximately six out of a 1,000, although in most of these cases, it is hardly noticeable and unassociated with any other abnormality.
What causes heterochromia iridis?
Heterochromia is classified primarily by its time of onset as either genetic (congenital, present at or shortly after birth) or acquired. Most cases of heterochromia are hereditary, and these may be associated with a congenital syndrome. Other cases are acquired and caused by a disease or due to an injury. Sometimes one eye may change color following certain diseases or injuries.
Heterochromia present at or shortly after birth is usually hereditary or due to intrauterine disease or injury. Congenital heterochromia may be familial and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Inherited eye color is determined by multiple genes. Environmental or acquired factors can alter these inherited traits. An infant with heterochromia should be examined by both a pediatrician and an ophthalmologist for other possible problems. If another disorder is suspected, diagnostic tests, such as blood tests or chromosome studies, may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Most cases of heterochromia at birth are genetic and unassociated with any other ocular or systemic abnormality. This is simply called congenital heterochromia iridis. The lighter eye usually shows some loss of iris and therefore is regarded as the affected eye. The lighter iris may be differently colored throughout or only in part.
Congenital syndromes which may be characterized by heterochromia iridis include:
Waardenburg syndrome, a genetic condition that can cause hearing loss and changes in coloring of the hair, skin, and eyes.
"Piebaldism" is similar to Waardenburg syndrome but is unassociated with deafness. People with this condition have patches of depigmented skin on their head and trunk, as well as on their eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, and hair. Affected people sometimes have heterochromia iridis.
Congenital "Horner's syndrome" is not a genetic syndrome, but a group of findings due to birth injury or intrauterine brain injury involving the sympathetic nervous system innervation to one eye. On the affected side, the pupil is small, the lid is drooping, and the iris is lighter. It is not associated with hearing loss or additional pigmentation anomalies.
Sturge-Weber syndrome, a syndrome characterized by a port-wine stain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the face and tumors known as angiomas of the brain and choroid.
Neurofibromatosis type 1, also known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a disorder in which there are tumors of nerve cells together with disorders of melanin, causing abnormalities of skin (and eye) pigmentation. Lisch nodules are usually present in the iris. These are clear yellow to brown dome-shaped elevations on the iris and, although they are usually present in both eyes, may be more apparent in one eye.
Tuberous sclerosis, also known as Bourneville disease, causes nonmalignant tumors in various organs including the eyes.
Hirschsprung disease, a bowel disorder, may be associated with iris heterochromia due to reduction is iris pigmentation.
Incontinentia pigmenti, also known as Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome, affects the skin, hair, teeth, nails, and central nervous system. In this condition, the iris may be darker in the affected eye.
Parry-Romberg syndrome, or progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a condition that causes the breakdown of the skin and soft tissues of half of the face.
Acquired conditions or diseases that may present with heterochromia iridis include:
The inflammation of iritis or anterior uveitis of any cause, including tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and herpes simplex, may cause loss of iris pigment in the affected eye.
Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis is a condition characterized by a low-grade, asymptomatic uveitis in which the iris in the affected eye becomes hypochromic and has a washed-out, somewhat moth-eaten appearance.
Posner-Schlossman Syndrome, or glaucomatocyclitic crisis, may cause a lighter iris with repeated attacks.
Pigment dispersion syndrome is a condition characterized by loss of pigmentation from the posterior iris surface. This pigment is dispersed throughout the interior of the eye and deposited on various intraocular structures, including the anterior surface of the iris, causing it to darken. This condition also causes pigmentary glaucoma.
Trauma, either blunt or penetrating, may cause unilateral lightening of the iris through atrophy of the iris.
Prostaglandin analogue eyedrops (Xalatan, Lumigan, Travatan, and others), frequently used for the treatment of glaucoma, may cause darkening of the iris, especially in people with light-colored irises. This occurs from the stimulation of melanin production. This type of medication is also sometimes used for cosmetic purposes (Latisse) to darken and thicken the eyelashes.
Retained iron-containing intraocular foreign body may cause siderosis (iron deposition within the eye) resulting in a darker iris.
Blood in the anterior chamber (hyphema) of long duration from trauma can lead to iron deposition in the iris from the breakdown of blood products.
Ocular melanosis, or nevus of Ota, is a condition characterized by increased pigmentation of the eye and surrounding tissue.
Iris ectropion syndrome is a condition in which the back of the iris, which is always dark and full of melanin pigment, turns onto the front of the iris through the pupillary space.
Benign tumors of the iris, iris cysts, and iris abscesses can cause darkening or lightening of the iris.
Malignant melanoma of the iris or metastatic tumors of the iris.
Neovascular changes of the iris (rubeosis iridis) resulting from diabetes mellitus or following central retinal vein occlusion.
Acquired Horner syndrome from neuroblastoma or injury/disease affecting the sympathetic nervous system in the neck.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that may manifest in childhood with recurrent infections, peripheral neuropathy, and color changes in the skin and eye.
Clouding of the cornea or color changes in the cornea from a multitude of conditions may cause the iris to falsely appear to be different in color. Conditions such as corneal scars, the very common condition of arcus senilis, or the rare condition of Wilson disease can give the appearance of iris color differences.


The next few days I will be posting an email I sent home to friends while I was away for the 15th annual HSMG Soap Conference (http://www.soapguild.org/) in Portland Oregon. I will be adding websites and pictures to the email for you.
This is my second day here, but the first day of the conference. Keynote speaker (Mary Lou Quinlan http://www.marylouq.com/ ) was great, vendors were fun, but the best part of the day were the 2 workshops I did with Marla. We work very well together, I can anticipate what she needs before she know herself (what do you expect, I was trained by doctors) Both sessions were on formulating creams and lotions (don't look at me with glazed eyes!) and there were over 200 people who attended. Of course they came to see me in my pretty new black apron (with the slogan "Raise the Bar, Use Handcrafted Soap") Believe it or not (because I actually don't believe it myself), I wasn't nervous. I had fun with it. Amazing, huh?
Two of the vendors (Anne-Marie Faiola of http://www.brambleberry.com/ and Debbie May of http://wholesalesuppliesplus.com/) put on a party after hours called Casino Night. They brought in real dealers and transformed the place into Las Vegas. Roulette, Black Jack, whatever you wanted to play. We all started off with $1000 (fake money, of course). At the end of the night I had $3425 (I kid you not!) We turned our money in for raffle tickets which I won absolutely nothing with. It was still a great day.


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A Look Back At The Workplace Trends That Shaped 2020
Ashira ProssackContributor
I write about leadership trends in the evolving workplace.
In 2020, change was forced upon us with incredibly little warning as the very way we worked was disrupted by Covid-19. Companies had to adapt overnight to keep things running smoothly. There were some bumps in the road along the way, but overall work still happened, progress was made, and we've learned to adapt to new ways of working and living all at once.
A few trends stand out as being the very definition of work in 2020, and they'll also continue as we head into 2021.
Remote work.
The biggest disruption of all was the instant shift to remote work. Temporary shutdowns turned from from weeks into months, with some corporations abandoning their offices altogether and others extending remote work policies well into 2021.
Employees have been asking their employers for flexibility for years, but companies were hesitant to make remote work an option as they worried that it would affect productivity and bring about other unknown challenges. This was a worldwide experiment that proved those theories wrong. There's still valuable in working together in an office, but it doesn't have to be 9:00 to 5:00 Monday through Friday.
Video conferencing.
What was once a tool that was used sporadically became the lifeline of teams and organizations. Zoom, Skype, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet quickly became the default way for teams to work together. Zoom managed to carve out the largest piece of the pie, being used not only for work but for education as well. Beyond the workplace, it became the place to socialize and stay in touch with friends and family.
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We learned to embrace disruptions from our kids, family, and roommates. We found welcome distractions when a pet popped onto the screen to say hello. We got glimpses of what other people's houses looked like and spent too much time trying to decipher the titles on a bookshelf. All of these things served as reminders that we're all human and we're all going through the challenges together.
Zoom fatigue.
A newly coined term in 2020, zoom fatigue is a new form of burnout. It turns out that there are only so many hours in a day that we can stare at people's faces in tiny boxes on a screen before we just can't do it anymore. Another big part of Zoom fatigue is that suddenly you spent hours every day staring at yourself, which is anything but natural. A quick tip to make that a thing that stays in 2020 – you can choose to hide self-view on Zoom, so that others can see you but you don't see yourself.
Location became less important.
With remote work, you're able to live anywhere as long as you have power and an internet connection. Some people relocated to cheaper locales for more space and less financial burden, while others headed off to their dreams of working from a beach in Mexico. Global teams have been working this way for years, it just became far more mainstream in 2020.
Ashira Prossack
Ashira Prossack is a coach, speaker, and former competitive athlete helping business leaders unlock their full potential through a sports-based approach to professional
Ashira Prossack is a coach, speaker, and former competitive athlete helping business leaders unlock their full potential through a sports-based approach to professional development.


text:
The changing nature of end of life care
Cauldwell, K; Stone, P; (2015) The changing nature of end of life care. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology , 36 (2) pp. 94-98. 10.4103/0971-5851.158836.
Cauldwell and Stone 2015.pdf - Published version
Good end of life care (EOLC) for patients with incurable cancer is becoming a greater priority for oncologists in recent years. Frameworks such as the Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) have often been helpful in guiding good care at the end of life. However, in the past year, the LCP has been phased out of use in the United Kingdom (UK), following concerns that it was poorly implemented. This review describes the LCP's origins in the UK, its strengths and limitations, and the concerns that prompted a review of its use. It describes the recommendations for change made by an independent review, and the alternative strategies now being developed in the UK to guide good EOLC. Although the LCP is still being widely used worldwide, the lessons learned from the UK can be widely applied in other countries.
10.4103/0971-5851.158836
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5851.158836
This work is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Hospice care, palliative care, policy, terminal care, therapeutics
UCL > Provost and Vice Provost Offices > School of Life and Medical Sciences > Faculty of Brain Sciences > Division of Psychiatry