"The Apple Tax" was a brief MIcrosoft campaign to paint Apple as too expensive. Since then, the discussion has made the rounds on various sites discussing the merits of this idea. Many are trying to show that for a comparable computer, the Mac isn't all that much more expensive.
What an original idea that is.
However, all this discussion is missing is the simple question: "So what if they are?"
What if Macs really do cost more? What are you going to do about it?
Bloggers tried with all their reports of an $800 laptop to predict that Apple would cut prices. Apple showed them what they thought of that idea. Apple's lowest cost notebook starts at $999. That is $199 away from what people claimed Apple should do.
Is it arrogance or hubris for Apple to think that it can continue to sell high dollar computers?
Seeing Apple's Q4-08 report, it looks like Apple is fully capable of selling in this price range; neither arrogance or hubris is running the show. The facts are out there: Price alone is not the enemy of sales.
What mojo does Apple have that Dell and HP wish they had?
Apple is compared to other premium brands like BMW all the time, but I saw one that makes more sense. Apple is more like Toyota: Toyota isn't a luxury brand. Toyota cars are selling in large numbers and have a slightly higher price.
How does Toyota do it? It works on improving the value of their cars.
Value is the perception of benefits relative to the price paid. The perception of value will drop if you don't maintain the quality of all the little details.
When I opened my Mac Pro to install RAM, I saw that it is just as refined on the inside as outside. That didn't increase the processor speed. It doesn't help protect against computer viruses. At most the clean design may help with airflow, but that attention to detail tells me that someone took more time designing my computer than a Dell workstation.
The value of the new MacBook and MacBook Pro is not the amount of hard drive space or processor speed or installed RAM, it is the total attention to construction. I supervise a tooling shop with CNC machining. I know what is involved in machining the new cases for the MacBooks.
First off, that type of machining is accurate to within 0.001" or better. Why a laptop case would need that kind of precision is beyond me, but every bolt hole holding that case together will match perfectly every time.
Second, milling is much, much slower than injection molding. A molded plastic part is complete in under a minute, often much less. The same is true of stamped sheet metal parts. Milling everything out of one block of aluminum will take minutes to hours for completion. That case is probably one of the most expensive things included with the new MacBook - yet Apple made that kind of leap in quality with almost no change in price.
Take it from me: Be impressed.
Are we going to see $400 laptops from Asus or Dell using the same unibody construction? Hell no! The case alone may cost $100-200 (that is a guesstimate on price), and there are still a lot more parts to add to the computer to finish it off. No one would pay a premium for a Dell made that way unless Dell sneaks it into a $3,000 gaming laptop.
I think Apple has answered the question about the Apple Tax with the latest MacBooks. The answer is that no one else is offering the quality of computer construction that Apple offers in the same price range.
When you walk into your favorite coffee shop with one of these under your arm, you won't have people snickering about how much more you paid. Instead, they will be craning their necks to get a look at how darn good it is.
You can value that any way you want in making your next computer purchase, but just like Toyota, the quality of the car is at least as important as the sticker price.


Must the guest system and the virtual machine in Hyper-v both have Sp1 Beta installed , or only the guest systeem to activate Dynamic Memory?
I have a QNX Virtual machine installed in Windows Virtual PC (running in Windows 7). I have a problem since I can´t ping to my host machine from QNX, and consequently I can´t mount a host machine´s directory. Up to date I had Microsoft Virtual PC 2004 on a Windows XP, and it worked correctly. What can be wrong?
Can you connect to a remote computer over the network.
Does SCVMM 2008 R2 supports dynamic memory allocation feature? What I mean, VM templates support new memory settings and VM summary page displays amount of currently allocated memory?
Also, if I have some un-supported guests (Windows XP), will they continue to run in fixed-memory mode or they won't start at all?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Create new file but add number if filename already exists in bash I found similar questions but not in Linux/Bash
I want my script to create a file with a given name (via user input) but add number at the end if filename already exists.
Example:
$ create somefile
Created "somefile.ext"
$ create somefile
Created "somefile-2.ext"

A: To avoid the race conditions:
name=some-file

n=
set -o noclobber
until
  file=$name${n:+-$n}.ext
  { command exec 3> "$file"; } 2> /dev/null
do
  ((n++))
done
printf 'File is "%s"\n' "$file"
echo some text in it >&3

And in addition, you have the file open for writing on fd 3.
With bash-4.4+, you can make it a function like:
create() { # fd base [suffix [max]]]
  local fd="$1" base="$2" suffix="${3-}" max="${4-}"
  local n= file
  local - # ash-style local scoping of options in 4.4+
  set -o noclobber
  REPLY=
  until
    file=$base${n:+-$n}$suffix
    eval 'command exec '"$fd"'> "$file"' 2> /dev/null
  do
    ((n++))
    ((max > 0 && n > max)) && return 1
  done
  REPLY=$file
}

To be used for instance as:
create 3 somefile .ext || exit
printf 'File: "%s"\n' "$REPLY"
echo something >&3
exec 3>&- # close the file

The max value can be used to guard against infinite  loops when the files can't be created for other reason than noclobber.
Note that noclobber only applies to the > operator, not >> nor <>.
Remaining race condition
Actually, noclobber does not remove the race condition in all cases. It only prevents clobbering regular files (not other types of files, so that cmd > /dev/null for instance doesn't fail) and has a race condition itself in most shells.
The shell first does a stat(2) on the file to check if it's a regular file or not (fifo, directory, device...). Only if the file doesn't exist (yet) or is a regular file does 3> "$file" use the O_EXCL flag to guarantee not clobbering the file.
So if there's a fifo or device file by that name, it will be used (provided it can be open in write-only), and a regular file may be clobbered if it gets created as a replacement for a fifo/device/directory... in between that stat(2) and open(2) without O_EXCL!
Changing the
  { command exec 3> "$file"; } 2> /dev/null

to
  [ ! -e "$file" ] && { command exec 3> "$file"; } 2> /dev/null

Would avoid using an already existing non-regular file, but not address the race condition.
Now, that's only really  a concern in the face of a malicious adversary that would want to make you overwrite an arbitrary file on the file system. It does remove the race condition in the normal case of two instances of the same script running at the same time. So, in that, it's better than approaches that only check for file existence beforehand with [ -e "$file" ].
For a working version without race condition at all, you could use the zsh shell instead of bash which has a raw interface to open() as the sysopen builtin in the zsh/system module:
zmodload zsh/system

name=some-file

n=
until
  file=$name${n:+-$n}.ext
  sysopen -w -o excl -u 3 -- "$file" 2> /dev/null
do
  ((n++))
done
printf 'File is "%s"\n' "$file"
echo some text in it >&3

A: Try something like this
name=somefile
path=$(dirname "$name")
filename=$(basename "$name")
extension="${filename##*.}"
filename="${filename%.*}"
if [[ -e $path/$filename.$extension ]] ; then
    i=2
    while [[ -e $path/$filename-$i.$extension ]] ; do
        let i++
    done
    filename=$filename-$i
fi
target=$path/$filename.$extension

A: Use touch or whatever you want instead of echo:
echo file$((`ls file* | sed -n 's/file\([0-9]*\)/\1/p' | sort -rh | head -n 1`+1))

Parts of expression explained:

*

*list files by pattern: ls file*

*take only number part in each line: sed -n 's/file\([0-9]*\)/\1/p'

*apply reverse human sort: sort -rh

*take only first line (i.e. max value): head -n 1

*combine all in pipe and increment (full expression above)

A: The following script can help you. You should not be running several copies of the script at the same time to avoid race condition.
name=somefile
if [[ -e $name.ext || -L $name.ext ]] ; then
    i=0
    while [[ -e $name-$i.ext || -L $name-$i.ext ]] ; do
        let i++
    done
    name=$name-$i
fi
touch -- "$name".ext

A: Try something like this (untested, but you get the idea):
filename=$1

# If file doesn't exist, create it
if [[ ! -f $filename ]]; then
    touch $filename
    echo "Created \"$filename\""
    exit 0
fi

# If file already exists, find a similar filename that is not yet taken
digit=1
while true; do
    temp_name=$filename-$digit
    if [[ ! -f $temp_name ]]; then
        touch $temp_name
        echo "Created \"$temp_name\""
        exit 0
    fi
    digit=$(($digit + 1))
done

Depending on what you're doing, replace the calls to touch with whatever code is needed to create the files that you are working with.

A: Easier:
touch file`ls file* | wc -l`.ext

You'll get:
$ ls file*
file0.ext  file1.ext  file2.ext  file3.ext  file4.ext  file5.ext  file6.ext

A: This is a much better method I've used for creating directories incrementally.
It could be adjusted for filename too.
LAST_SOLUTION=$(echo $(ls -d SOLUTION_[[:digit:]][[:digit:]][[:digit:]][[:digit:]] 2> /dev/null) | awk '{ print $(NF) }')
if [ -n "$LAST_SOLUTION" ] ; then
    mkdir SOLUTION_$(printf "%04d\n" $(expr ${LAST_SOLUTION: -4} + 1))
else
    mkdir SOLUTION_0001
fi

A: A simple repackaging of choroba's answer as a generalized function:
autoincr() {
    f="$1"
    ext=""

    # Extract the file extension (if any), with preceeding '.'
    [[ "$f" == *.* ]] && ext=".${f##*.}"

    if [[ -e "$f" ]] ; then
        i=1
        f="${f%.*}";

        while [[ -e "${f}_${i}${ext}" ]]; do
            let i++
        done

        f="${f}_${i}${ext}"
    fi
    echo "$f"
}

touch "$(autoincr "somefile.ext")"

A: without looping and not use regex or shell expr.
last=$(ls $1* | tail -n1)
last_wo_ext=$($last | basename $last .ext)
n=$(echo $last_wo_ext | rev | cut -d - -f 1 | rev)
if [ x$n = x ]; then
    n=2
else
    n=$((n + 1))
fi
echo $1-$n.ext

more simple without extension and exception of "-1".
n=$(ls $1* | tail -n1 | rev | cut -d - -f 1 | rev)
n=$((n + 1))
echo $1-$n.ext

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: php: How to list from a to z, aa to zz, aA to aZ, and so on I want to iterate from a to z, A to Z, aa to zz, AA to ZZ, aA to zZ, Aa to Zz, and so on.
And of course with any length.
for example:
$length = 2;
$limit = str_repeat('z', $length);
for($i='a';$i<=$limit;$i++) {
    if($i==str_repeat('a', $length+1)) break; // stop on 'aaa';
    myCallback($i);
}

the result will be:
a
b
c
...
z
aa
ab
ac
...
zz

So, I want to create something exactly like this, but with upper, small, and both.

A: function generate($length = 1) {
    $small = range('a', 'z');
    $capital = range('A', 'Z');
    if ($length <= 0) {
        return [];
    } elseif ($length == 1) {
        return array_merge($small, $capital);
    } else {
        $result = [];
        foreach (array_merge($small, $capital) as $letter) {
            foreach (generate($length - 1) as $subLetter) {
                $result[] = $letter . $subLetter;
            }
        }
        return $result;
    }
}

// Sample output
echo '<pre>' . print_r(generate(2), true) . '</pre>';

Try it online


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Take some time to draft at least a couple before the actual exam day. Read Stanners notes and add to your understanding of context and rhetorical strategies used 4. Because it is labelled as assumption. I suggest that students utilize different literary and creative writing tools like similes, metaphors, personification, comparisons, and parallels to provide a complete description of the topic. I serve a nice cup of tea, and i am never too busy to chat i saw a i thought this one would make a nice book cover: asking: poem essays. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score. It will be great if you conclude every statement, show its significance and rhetorical arguments.
Try to avoid all kinds of abbreviations. Consider questions such as: Who was this document written for, how is the author trying to convince the audience, and what are the author's goals? It should show readers why the argument is important and what it means to the broad, real world perspective-. These requirements make a public speech have its own unique style. A good rhetorical analysis conclusion sample acts as a final punch for the analysis. Keep all these questions in your mind and try to give the answers. Things to Memorize about Great Rhetorical Analysis Essay: Preparation Following pre-writing stages is what every writer must keep in mind in order to create an effective introduction. The most commonly analyzed works are famous speech.
One can write an essay on different occasions. The conclusion should be strong and clear. Martin Luther King uses fairly simple vocabulary. Here, you are to explain how exactly the author uses persuasion methods. Step 4: refine your thesis.
She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. Then write an essay in which you analyze the rhetorical strategies Hazlitt uses to develop his position about money. So, make sure your intro short and to the point. The primary objective is to not only source for the answers to the questions presented above, but also to determine why exactly it is that the author has chosen to write in the style that they have written in. In a nutshell, a rhetorical analysis paper is writing about writing.
Thus, the conclusion shows that the author of the original work was effective and successful by using the technique. Summer is usually seen as the warmest time of the year, the time of holidays and relaxation. This question counts for one-third of the total essay section score. Structure Explain what organizational method works best with each rhetorical mode. What is the author saying about the subject? Most people choose the side of eradicating prejudice from society, but Jonathan Rauch has chosen the side with less support.
The meeting of Virginian representatives in March of 1775 would prove to be a fruitless affair; that is, until a young, ardent lawyer by. A good conclusion does more than simply summarizing and repeating the analysis. You know who your reader is - now, it is high time to determine the target reading audience. The first rhetorical choice Handy and Sweeney use in their piece is the title. A sarcastic essay is vastly different from a scientific one, but depending on the situation, either tone could be effective. Rhetorical Analysis: the Basics Have you seen the Inception movie? Then write an essay in which you analyze the strategies Sanders uses to develop his perspective about moving.
These are the basic elements of a rhetorical analysis that you will be required to highlight in the essay. But, if you have the time to replace some of them with synonyms, it will highlight your vocabulary and make the paper more engaging to read. They too have dealt with the confusion of finding these hidden persuasive strategies, so the tips and tricks that they carry are priceless for our students. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. Support your analysis with specific references to the text. The best way to achieve this effect is to summarize the main message of the speaker.
Brainstorm about the topic or piece you will be analyzing. State the text being analyzed. We can provide you with a perfect, polished up paper that will serve you a great example of what a solid rhetorical essay should look like! We understand that it may seem not so easy. Here, you need to designate the goal of your work by notifying your reader in advance. Information given to field professionals should include more facts.


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In the heart of the Great Pacific, mid-way between the giant continents of Australia and South America lies a legendary paradise known to the rest of the world as TAHITI. A jewel of rare beauty, a breathtaking natural display of magnificent islands and coral reefs that were formed hundreds of million years ago by the unrestrained fury of under-water volcanoes and by the spectacular finishing touch of abundant sea coral.
Perhaps it is only the fact that TAHITI is the largest of all the Polynesian islands that its name is often used to describe the entire French Territory. But in fact, TAHITI is only on amongst the 120 or so magnificent little islands, inlets and coral atolls which an unconcerned nature capriciously scattered over the surface almost the entire size of the European continent, a total of 4.5 million square kilometers with 3500 km2 only of emerged land.
FRENCH POLYNESIA is divided into 5 uniquely beautiful archipelagoes or group of islands. Like the Marquesas Islands, geologically the youngest of nature's exquisite creation and perhaps the most celebrated by many world-famous artist, painters and poets alike for its unique and practically unaltered ancient culture and for its spectacular rugged mountains that leap abruptly out of the ocean like some strange underwater colossal giant unexpectedly caught gasping for air.
The Society Ilandds (or Leeward group) which include "Bora-Bora" also known as "The Pearl of the Pacific", the most famous of all the islands with its breathtaking emerald-green and turquoise-bleu lagoons where an increasing number of dedicated sun worshipers and spellbound tourist flock every year to pay homage to it legendary shores. The "lies du Vent" (the Windward Group) which claim Tahiti and its sister-island, "Moorea", also known a "Moorea the Magnificent", which lavishly displays upon all unsuspecting visitors fortunate enough to approach it shores form the sea the most fantastic spectacle of awesome rugged mountain peaks and magnificent turquoise lagoons.
The exceptional weather conditions of FRENCH POLYNESIA where the average temperature (27 degrees C) varies very little form one season to the next, the original formation of its magnificent volcanic islands and their crystal clear lagoons naturally sheltered by spectacular coral barriers, the heavenly visions of its truly impressive mountain range and deep rolling volcanic valleys covered with the most dazzling shades of greens and tropical colors, the abundance of its magnificent underwater coral fauna which remains a source of constant delight for al divers, professional or amateur alike. Al those elements give Tahiti and its islands the quality of a long unending summer, a true paradise on earth, a dream perhaps which the tourists and residents alike are still loathe to let go.
the express permission of Hawaiian Resources Co., Ltd.
A Lovely collection of Hawaiian books, stationery, postcards and Monoi Tiare Tahiti products.


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Affordable Water, Resilient Communities Campaign Makes Waves in the Media
(February 10, 2021) – NACWA and AMWA's joint Affordable Water, Resilient Communities campaign kicked-off impactfully last Monday, February 1.
In addition to our ongoing advocacy efforts on Capitol Hill, the media also took notice of this campaign effort.
For Bloomberg, reporter Kellie Lunney writes, "Along with targeted aid for the sector and ratepayers in an upcoming relief package, groups like NACWA would like to see the federal government provide permanent, reliable funding for low-income households through the creation of a program that does for water what the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) does for heating and cooling costs." You can read the rest of that story, titled Water Utilities Seek Relief from Congress As Covid-19 Debt Rises, here.
At E&E News, reporter Hannah Northey covered the campaign launch extensively, writing, "Lobbyists for the two groups are joining forces today to ask lawmakers for more funding to deal with what they say is a massive investment gap that has left vulnerable communities struggling in the wake of the pandemic while facing the threat of climate change and crumbling infrastructure." For more on this story, please head here.
Over at InsideEPA, water reporter Lara Bevin covered the fight for water utility relief by writing, "Increased federal funding for infrastructure would relieve pressure on utilities to pay for projects through increased water rates, which would then address equity concerns for low-income households, the NACWA source says." To read the rest of InsideEPA's coverage of the campaign, you can head here.
At WaterWorld, the campaign received full coverage and included this quote by NACWA CEO, Adam Krantz, "Congress has shown it recognizes the burden water customers face by appropriating $638 million for the first ever Low-Income Water Customer Assistance Program (LIWCAP) in December. But Congress must do more." To read the full story at WaterWorld, please click here.
Water and Wastes Digest, or WWD, also featured the campaign as frontpage news the day of the launch, writing, "The campaign will increase awareness among federal lawmakers, key stakeholders, and the public around the vital role of public water sector utilities in supporting healthy, resilient communities, the financial challenges local utilities and their customers face after years of increasing local costs and declining federal cost-share, and the critical need for greater federal investment in water infrastructure." To read WWD's full coverage, head here.
Water Finance and Management, or WaterFM, included succinct coverage of the launch, including this quote from Adam Krantz, "It is my hope that by coming together as a unified public water sector, we can persuade Congress to act to make the LIWCAP permanent, provide direct relief to water utilities that have struggled as a result of the pandemic, and restore a strong federal investment partner in water infrastructure to meet legacy and new challenges facing water utilities around the U.S." To read the full story at WaterFM, click here.
Water Online featured the campaign launch release, including a link to the dedicated campaign website, "For more information, please visit www.affordableh2o.org. There, users will find resources and tools for advancing the campaign in their communities, including fact sheets, social media resources and more." You can find their full coverage here.
We will continue to update media coverage of the Affordable Water, Resilient Communities campaign as it progresses. To discuss media outreach, please contact NACWA's Manager of Media and Communications, David Zielonka.


Walton County was little more than a wilderness, formed of lands that had belonged to the Creek and Cherokee Indians, when it was first organized by the state legislature 18 December 1818. (*created from Creek cession of 22 JAN 1818, an original county)*. Created by the Lottery Act of 1818, Walton County was orgainized in 1819, after being released in a treaty negotiated at the Cherokee Agency in Tennessee on 08 July 1817. At it's fomration, Walton County had a 394 square mile area that was increased when 250 acres of Jackson County was annexed on 19 Dec 1818.
This new county, Georgia's 46th county, was named for George WALTON, who along with fellow Georgians, Button Gwinnett and Lyman Hall, signed the Declaration of Independence. George WALTON also served as governor of Georgia and was a U.S. senator.
Walton County was populated by the Georgia Land lotteries, beginning with the 3rd or 1820 Lottery (standard 250 acres lots of the newly organized Walton County).


If your child is unwell, Kidz First Children's Hospital and Community Services are here to make the journey as easy as possible for both child and parent/guardian.
The Kidz First Children's Hospital is purpose built to deliver family centred health care and serve the culturally diverse Counties Manukau community.
Child protection service - medical assessment, consultation, support, education and liaison with all agencies with regards to child abuse/protection issues.
The Kidz First Community Health Services provides an integrated child, youth and family focused service in the community. This includes a comprehensive range of services for the child, young person and their families/whaanau in the Counties Manukau region.
Services are provided in and from a number of settings and environments including Manukau SuperClinic, community outpatient clinics, schools and preschools and the family's home.
Both services aspire to promote and protect the rights of children and young people. If you want more details about the rights of children and young people in healthcare please read the Charter on the rights of children New Zealand.


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Newtown First Selectman running unopposed, affiliates with SAM party
Newtown First Selectman Dan Rosenthal is running unopposed in next week's municipal election, but will serve his third term under a new party. He ran and won twice as a Democrat, but is on the ballot under the SAM party line. Rosenthal previously said that running with Serve America Movement did not stem from any disagreement or lack of support from the Democratic Party, but rather as part of his vision of the office of the first selectman being non-partisan.
Rosenthal says Newtown has done fairly well when it comes to COVID-19, not to say that it's been easy. But he says the business community and residents have been resilient in the face of that challenge. He wants to turn his attention to allocating the American Rescue Plan Act funding. He expects that work to start in earnest once a new Board of Selectmen, Legislative Council and Board of Finance are seated.
Rosenthal says one of his priorities will be to continue his effort to build road funding into the operating budget and addressing road infrastructure. Newtown may include some drainage projects into the Capital Improvement Plan, if they qualify under ARPA.
The future of the Fairfield Hills campus has been discussed for the last couple of decades, and ramped up in 2019 and 2020. Residents approved consideration of mixed use development at the site on the ballot last November. Rosenthal says Planning and Zoning have since updated language to allow for that, and expects to see projects there over the next year or so. Developers have submitted proposals to redevelop two buildings and will do community engagement soon.
Rosenthal will keep in touch with the Department of Transportation about two project currently underway on state roads through Newtown. One is the work that just started at Exit 11 and Wasserman Way, which becomes a bottleneck several times a day. The whole project will take a couple of years an involves a new ramp and turning lanes. He says the bridge construction creates problems in town when there are accidents on that span. Rosenthal looks forward to that project being wrapped up.
Newtown does have a plan for replacing fire trucks, with Hawleyville Fire getting a new tanker. That was purchased a couple of years ago. Rosenthal says Sandy Hook has a couple of apparatus purchases on the horizon. He notes there are some building infrastructure needs for a couple of the departments, but they are further out in the Capital Plan.
Rosenthal touted completion of the new police station, calling it long over due. The work also included a new dispatch center. Over the next years Newtown is finishing emergency communications upgrades. He says this conversion to a digital signal should serve the town well.


We had three of their songs in our Living Hymns but are removing them and replacing those songs with others. We use a process called "tipping in".
Yes it is wrong for Guy Penrod to have long hair. But do you have as much scorn for all the IFB women that have short hair? Be careful and make sure you are fair when you judge. The other thing I find interesing is that Victorious Valley Homes use the song "For Those Tears I Died" written by Marsha Stevens, on one of their new albums, and I haven't seen any IFB people kick up a fuss about that one. Let's be consistent and use the same measuring stick for everyone, peoples.
According to the Bible it is just as wrong for a woman to have short hair as it is for a man to have long hair so why is it "different" if it is apparently "femininely cut and styled"? If it's short it certainly isn't femininly cut or styled.
About VVH, yes people are quick to say they'd edit it out or something, but yet they refuse to listen to Gaither and say he's a bad person but they don't condemn VVH the same. You don't have to listen to Gaither and you're allowed to listen to VVH but measure them with the same thing. If it is wrong for Gaither to sing it and you are disgusted and horrified, you should also be disgusted and horrified that VVH is doing it.
I'm not "debating" you Rachel, I'm just trying to make a point to everyone.
By the way, I have brought up the issue about VVH having it on their new CD to a few fundamentalists and it just gets ignored or explained away but mention Gaither and they condemn him for it. Just sayin there is a double standard.
Actually, not their new CD, but rather, Susan McGill's CD, "Things that never die."
I haven't heard McGill's opinion on this, as to whether she knows it was written by a lesbian, and has unbiblical lyrics. That would be an interesting thing to ask.
But I should point out, let's not forget the Gaithers' problems either, which are quite clear. I don't think it's a sufficient response to "the Gaithers are unbiblical and ecumencal" to say "well...so are the VV girls!" because that's getting around the issue, like if a smoker were to say "Spurgeon smoked, and everyone likes him." Kind of a "two wrongs don't make a right" issue. I'll definitely have to put some thought about the VV issue, though, because it makes me uncomfortable.
At the same time, I could wonder why my church sings Gaither songs. or "Battle hymn of the republic," and so on. I suspect it's in ignorance, but I don't know.
And girls + short hair = ugly.
If it helps, I can't sing to save my life (not that it stops me from trying)? :mrgreen: Maybe you could just write your response as a song.
So what makes you think that Susan McGill could have been unaware of the lady that writes that song and her history after the Gaither affair? I would like to give her the benefit of the doubt, too, but you didn't give Bill Gaither the benefit of the doubt. He even said in his press release that he didn't know she professed to be a lesbian until after he'd already been singing that song in concerts. If the lyrics are unbiblical, then Susan McGill ought to be able to pick that up just as much as Bill Gaither ought to be able to, probably even more so since she is in a good church.
heehee wouldn't that be amusing?
I believe Susan McGill's CD came out before the Gaither/Stevens thing.
You don't think Gaither knew she was a lesbian the day he sang her song and posed with her and her lesbian "partner"?
I don't think I'd separate against the VV music for a slip of discernment, but I would for open disobedience to the Word of God.
At what point should one separate from Gaither and his music?
i've never listened to him much (gaither that is) because when i was younger i saw a video of one of his homecomings where he had a long-haired hippie guy singing a parody song that was kind of making fun of God and His omniscience. Even from an early age I knew that it wasn't right, so i've never been a big gaither supporter. i've always been taught, and to this day believe, that if someone can joke around about God or His Word or support someone that does, then there is something wrong. this goes for ANYONE, not just gaither and CCM artists...etc. i have actually had to separate from my best friend of 8 years because she was dating a guy like that. it was painful to do, but it was right. guess what...a few months after he was exposed as a liar and a fornicator, and my friend was so thankful for my strong stand. so its always right to stand with the Lord, no matter who you have to stand against!
its always right to stand with the Lord, no matter who you have to stand against!
[/quote] :goodpost: Amen! thanks for all the posts, I kinda missed like everything, I got on the site today and I was like. Ohh, Guess i kinda missed all that (there was 38 posts) Sorry I kinda backed out! Again thanks for all the posts, I found out a lot I didn't know about.
I am with Katy-Anne it seems many have a huge double standard when it comes to issues like this.
Really ? Maybe different standards, maybe randomly applied standards, but Higher Standards ? Sounds a little puffed up to me.
What is even funnier is I am not a real fan of the Gathier's. I have many SG CDs and not a Gathier CD in the lot :lol: What is more ironic is the people I know who go to Gathier concerts and really like them are also are members of the most conserative IFB Church in this area :?
Maybe some have consistent standards and apply them to all areas of their lives. I guage all my music by the same standards, I don't pick and choose. I can't speak for hypocrites that only apply certain standards to certain people - however, if something is wrong, it is STILL wrong, regardless of whether a hypocrite is inconsistent or not.
That's very true. We need consistent music standards. I've found that if the music itself is in a style that glorifies God, chances are that later you won't find out the artist was involved in some gross sin. It's no guarantee, of course, but I don't think it's a coincidence! There are a lot of CCM artists I've refused to listen to (read: I refuse to listen to ALL CCM artists... lol) and Christian friends thought I was being way too strict. Later on those friends found out things about the artists' lives that convinced them not to listen to them anymore. I thought to myself: why are they surprised? Couldn't you tell the direction they were going by the type of music they played? If the music is worldly it's because it's coming from the heart of a worldly person, and it will come out in that person's life sooner or later.
That's very true. We need consistent music standards. I've found that if the music itself is in a style that glorifies God, chances are that later you won't find out the artist was involved in some gross sin. It's no guarantee, of course, but I don't think it's a coincidence! There are a lot of CCM artists I've refused to listen to (read: I refuse to listen to ALL CCM artists... lol) and Christian friends thought I was being way too strict. Later on those friends found out things about the artists' lives that convinced them not to listen to them anymore. I thought to myself: [b]why are they surprised? Couldn't you tell the direction they were going by the type of music they played?[/b] [color=darkred][i][b]If the music is worldly it's because it's coming from the heart of a worldly person, and it will come out in that person's life sooner or later[/b][/i][/color].


An innovative pen, entirely hand-made with 31 miniaturized metallic components and push mechanism. The great innovative impact, the ultimate design and structure have set apart the Revolution and who owns it. Exhibited at the Modern Art Museum in New York.
Measuring 5-1/4" long, these innovative ballpoints are actually very comfortable to write with, as the triangular tubing design rests comfortably upon the fingers. Although of metal construction, they're also quite light, so writing for extended periods of time presents no problem.


Hypoglycemia is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Pediatric Consult.
Hypoglycemia can be defined as a plasma glucose concentration low enough to impair brain function. Evaluation should be undertaken in infants and young children with documented plasma glucose <60 mg/dL and in older children who demonstrate Whipple triad (see below).
Low-plasma glucose is frequent in the first few hours after birth with 19% of neonates having plasma glucose concentrations of <45 mg/dL.
By 72 hours of life, plasma glucose concentrations in neonates are similar to those in older infants, children, and adults.
Up to 50% of high-risk neonates (small for gestational age [SGA], intrauterine growth restricted, infants of diabetic mothers) have persistent hypoglycemia due to transient hyperinsulinism (HI).
Congenital hypoglycemia disorders are less frequent. Of these, congenital HI is the most common.
In response to fasting, insulin secretion is suppressed, and counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone, epinephrine) increase.
These hormonal changes result in hepatic release of glucose through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Additionally, activation of lipolysis and ketogenesis leads to an increase in free fatty acids (FFA) and ketone bodies. The brain uses ketones as an alternative source of energy as glucose stores are depleted.
Disruption of these fasting systems results in hypoglycemia.
Autonomic symptoms (sweating, tremors, hunger) appear when plasma glucose falls <55 mg/dL.
Brain dysfunction (confusion, seizures, coma) can result when plasma glucose is <50 mg/dL.
HI is also associated with certain syndromes (Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome [BWS], Turner, Kabuki).
Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (type I): impaired gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Fasting results in severe lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia. Complications include nephropathy, hepatic adenomas, and neutropenia (type Ib).
Adrenal insufficiency: in infants due to hypopituitarism. Addison (autoimmune adrenalitis associated with 21-hydroxylase antibodies) is most common in children.
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD): Hypoglycemia occurs primarily in infants.
Prolonged fasting provokes hypoketotic hypoglycemia, seizures, cardiac and liver dysfunction, HA.
Consider in patients with abrupt onset of severe, unpredictable hypoglycemia.
Cabana, Michael D., editor. "Hypoglycemia." 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 8th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2019. Pediatrics Central, peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618323/all/Hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia. In: Cabana MD, ed. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618323/all/Hypoglycemia. Accessed April 22, 2019.
Hypoglycemia [Internet]. In: Cabana MD, editors. 5-Minute Pediatric Consult. Wolters Kluwer; 2019. [cited 2019 April 22]. Available from: https://peds.unboundmedicine.com/pedscentral/view/5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/618323/all/Hypoglycemia.


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Everton 'interview ex-Italy captain Fabio Cannavaro for manager role'
ROUNDTABLE: Who should be Everton's next manager?
Barcelona offer Araujo just £48k-a-week to snub Liverpool and Everton interest
Everton should prove us all wrong after Jurgen Klopp started mind games early
The Merseyside Derby is a huge opportunity to get the season back on track and get smiles back on Blues' faces.
Imagine coming away from that game on Wednesday night with a win and the belief it would bring for both the players and the fans.
The pressure would be off Rafa Benitez and maybe the other injured players can start coming back and they can turn the season around.
Liverpool are in fine form, they're scoring goals left, right and centre.
We know it's going to be a difficult game, we know what they're good at. There aren't going to be any surprises, we know who the danger men are and how they like to play football with deep crosses from both sides of the pitch.
READ MORE: Richard Keys tells Farhad Moshiri to 'apologise' and sack Rafa Benitez in withering attack on Everton boss
Let's make it difficult for them to do that but we've also got to think about how we're going to score goals and try and pin them back instead of us chasing.
It's a game against your arch rivals.
Those players who I've said have lacked the will to win and were spineless and toothless at Brentford should have the words of myself and others pinned up on the dressing room and told to go out and prove us wrong.
If you want those fans to start cheering you on, you've got a massive opportunity in front of a packed house at Goodison Park full of supporters who would give everything to be there on the pitch themselves.
You can't be negative at all. Jurgen Klopp has already come out and started talking about how he's worried about the derby because of the physicality of it all, trying to get into the referee's ear by playing mind games already.
So what? It's the derby. It happens. We've got to put our own stamp on it.
We always knew that it would be a massive game for Benitez no matter where Everton were in the table.
They're the form team but I've been there as a player myself in similar situations and been able to get results.
We're always the underdogs in derby matches but that's when Everton seem to come into their own.
I remember the Duncan Ferguson era when the lads left everything on the pitch and got some positive results in often difficult circumstances.
Fingers crossed these boys can do the same.


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Proceedings Papers (24)
Journal of Turbomachinery (1)
Proceedings Article (24)
Design Innovations (1)
Technical Papers (1)
Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air (24)
Industrial and Cogeneration (22)
Design Innovation Papers (1)
Gas Turbines: Industrial & Cogeneration (1)
Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy (1)
Oil and Gas Applications (1)
Gas turbines (16)
Turbines (11)
Combined heat and power (10)
Rotors (8)
Cogeneration plants (7)
Industrial gases (6)
Steve Ingistov
Testing and Acceptance of Semi-Machined Turbine Rotor Forging Elements
Steve Ingistov, Douglas Nagy
Proc. ASME. GT2021, Volume 7: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy, V007T17A018, June 7–11, 2021
Turbine wheels are critical elements and the integrity of their forgings is extremely important. The procurement of wheel forgings utilized oversized outside diameters in order to provide ample amount of material from which test material was cut out. Test specimens were produced in accordance with relevant ASTM standards. Test specimens were divided into three groups; tension, impact and hardness / metallography. Tension and impact tests at sub-zero, room and elevated temperatures were conducted in presence of owner's inspectors at an independent certified laboratory. Once all specimens passed the tests, the semi-machined forgings were released to the machining facility. Machined forgings were then sent for over-speed tests at sub-zero and elevated temperatures. Over-speed testing under sub-zero temperature was the ultimate test of the forgings. Over-speed testing of the forgings under elevated temperatures served to minimize residual tensile stresses at the bore of the wheel and convert them to beneficial compressive stresses. The above described tests of turbine Elements forging are critical when the owner selects third party producers to reverse engineer and manufacture these elements. This paper details the selection of the tests, the execution of the owner's acceptance testing program, especially the over-speed tests, and how this helps to ensure the high integrity of critical rotating elements for a mid-size heavy industrial frame gas turbine.
Topics: Forging, Rotors, Testing, Turbines, Forgings (Products), Temperature, Tension, Wheels, ASTM standards, Compressive stress
Inlet Air Filter Elements Site and Laboratory Tests of Four Different Manufacturers
Steve Ingistov, Joshua Kohn
Proc. ASME. GT2018, Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems, V003T23A003, June 11–15, 2018
This Paper describes three-month onsite testing utilizing travelling laboratory furnished with four dedicated air ducts and required instrumentation needed to determine efficiency of filtration for submicron size particles. It also describes the subsequent testing of seasoned filters in offsite Laboratory furnished with instrumentation and equipment to conduct the dry and wet tests on previously Watson-field tested filters. The opportunity to simultaneously test four different IAFE, provided by four different Manufacturers, was unique and helpful in discerning the differences between these filters.
Topics: Air filters, Ducts, Filters, Filtration, Instrumentation, Particulate matter, Testing
Optimized NOX Control by Injection of Fine Water Spray Into Compressor Discharge
Steve Ingistov, Sasa Savic
Proc. ASME. GT2016, Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems, V003T20A007, June 13–17, 2016
The Watson Cogeneration Plant (WCP) is situated within Los Angeles Refinery Complex. A portion of generated power and steam is sent to Refinery. Major power producers are the combustion gas turbines, GE-made, Frame No 7, Model EA. These turbines are furnished with diffusion-type combustors which can burn mixture of treated refinery gas and natural gas from the pipe line. These combustors are capable of burning pure butane gas too, as required. The NOX control is achieved by injection of DE-NOX steam into the combustors. The Refinery change in processes was reflected in the refinery gas composition where the percentage of Hydrogen grew. Hydrogen combustion generates more NOX, at the same firing temperature and additional steam injection is necessary. During the years, since 1987, startup of WCP, steam demand from Refinery steadily grew. This Paper describes the efforts to curtail further DE-NOX demands and instead of additional DE-NOX steam, use water injection into gas turbine housing element called the "wrapper".
Topics: Compressors, Nitrogen oxides, Sprays, Water, Steam, Combustion chambers, Combustion, Hydrogen, Turbines, Cogeneration plants
Operational Issues With Gas Turbines Intake Air Filters in Watson Cogeneration Facility
Proc. ASME. GT2015, Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration, V003T20A002, June 15–19, 2015
Intake air filtration is crucial in performance and reliability of combustion gas turbine situated in typical industrial environment such as large petrochemical plant, refinery and industrial plant. The air-born pollutants vary in size and composition and their arrestance is of fundamental value to the life expectancy of the turbine rotating and stationary elements. In addition, the air-born pollutants which pass the intake air filter elements tend to foul the axial compressor blades both stationary and rotating. The result of the particular fouling is the creation of an additional, parasitic load on the gas turbine, driver. A as result the heat rate of a gas turbine will increase and also the production of CO 2 will increase too. Watson Cogeneration Plant is located in a typical industrial environment, very close to the major freeway and to the Pacific Coast. This paper describes field experience accumulated during the last three years of continuous operation under the base load of one of the four gas turbines, GT Unit 92, furnished with advanced, HEPA Class 12 intake air filters. Intake air filters durability which plays more and more decisive role in gas turbine successful operation and maintenance is also discussed.
Topics: Air filters, Combined heat and power, Gas turbines, Pollution, Stress, Turbines, Blades, Carbon dioxide, Cogeneration plants, Combustion gases
Evolution of Gas Turbine Intake Air Filtration in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant
Steve Ingistov, Michael Milos, Rakesh K. Bhargava
Proc. ASME. GT2014, Volume 3A: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration, V03AT21A008, June 16–20, 2014
A suitable inlet air filter system is required for a gas turbine, depending on installation site and its environmental conditions, to minimize contaminants entering the compressor section in order to maintain gas turbine performance. This paper describes evolution of inlet air filter systems utilized at the 420 MW Watson Cogeneration Plant consisting of four GE 7EA gas turbines since commissioning of the plant in November 1987. Changes to the inlet air filtration system became necessary due to system limitations, a desire to reduce operational and maintenance costs, and enhance overall plant performance. Based on approximately 2 years of operational data with the latest filtration system combined with other operational experiences of more than 25 years, it is shown that implementation of the high efficiency particulate air filter system provides reduced number of crank washes, gas turbine performance improvement and significant economic benefits compared to the traditional synthetic media type filters. Reasons for improved gas turbine performance and associated economic benefits, observed via actual operational data, with use of the latest filter system are discussed in this paper.
Topics: Cogeneration plants, Filtration, Gas turbines, Air filters, Filters, Compressors, Foundry coatings, HEPA filters, Maintenance
Fog System Performance in Power Augmentation of Heavy Duty Power Generating Gas Turbines Model 7EA
Proc. ASME. GT2000, Volume 3: Heat Transfer; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration, V003T03A007, May 8–11, 2000
Paper No: 2000-GT-0305
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/2000-GT-0305
Ambient air temperature plays significant role in performance of a Gas Turbine. Frequently Gas Turbines in electrical power generation are single rotor and are directly coupled to the Electrical Generators. These machines normally operate 8,000 hours per calendar year under the 100% load. The control of the combustion air flow is achieved by modulating compressor Inlet Guide Vanes (IGV). The single shaft axial compressor consumes as a rule of thumb more than 50% of turbine useful expansion work. Axial compressor is high-volume, moderate discharge pressure machine. Its power demand to discharge ambient air to the turbine combustion system is very dependent on ambient conditions such as pressure, temperature and relative humidity. The optimization of the axial compressor aerodynamic loading under various ambient conditions is therefore mandatory. During the hot and humid summer days, especially from the noon time to 6:00 PM, the demand for the power is at its maximum. This Paper describes selection, design and installation of the Inlet Air Cooling System. (IACS). The selected IACS is fine water mist, FOG. FOG System (FS) was selected because of its efficiency and because the clean water was available. FS incorporates Fog Generating Skid (FGS) and Fog Curtain (FC). FC is comprised of lateral lines with equally spaced. FOG Nozzles (FN). The FN is specially designed to generate individual "Fog Cones" that efficiently dissipate the water particles in the space. Fine water particles are atomized by incoming air in the Inlet Air (IA) duct. The homogenous mixture of FOG and IA is required to enhance the water mist particles evaporation process. In cases when the FS works in tandem with Evaporative Cooler (EC) most of the FOG particles are "injected" into the compressor suction. The injected FOG particles start to evaporate during the IA compression process. The water evaporation process simultaneously causes cooling of the IA being compressed. The result is reduced compression work and improved performance of GT.
Topics: Gas turbines, Water, Compressors, Particulate matter, Compression, Evaporation, Information Analysis Centers, Inlet guide vanes, Machinery, Pressure
Brush Seals for the No. 3 Bearing of a Model 7EA Gas Turbine
Steve Ingistov, Gary Meredith, Erik Sulda
Gas Turbines in power generation are frequently of the single rotor type. The rotor is directly connected to the electrical generator. The rotor may be supported by two journal bearings or in some cases there is an additional journal bearing situated between the axial compressor discharge and the gas turbine intake. This third bearing serves to provide the rotor with additional support required to reduce rotor dynamic instabilities. The third bearing is, therefore, inside the machine housing and a significant amount of maintenance work is necessary to inspect it. The third bearing is also exposed to elevated temperatures by, essentially, being surrounded by compressor discharge air. A certain amount of compressor discharge air leaks through the seals into the cylindrical space around the third bearing housing and from there, due to significant pressure gradients, into the third bearing. Labyrinth seals are provided to impede air leakage from the pressurized cylindrical space into the bearing cavity. The air that leaks into the bearing housing mixes with a buffer air stream. This buffer air stream serves to cool the bearing cavity and to prevent leakage of hot, high-pressure air into the bearing cavity. Two dry air streams are then routed into the atmosphere via the coaxial space formed by two cylindrical surfaces. The portion of the buffer air stream contacting the bearing lubricating oil is de-misted in a special de-mister vessel. The de-misted air is exhausted into the atmosphere and the separated oil is returned to the gas turbine lubricating oil reservoir. This Paper discusses the introduction of brush seals into the No. 3 bearing housing as an additional element in retarding the high pressure, high temperature air infiltration into the No. 3 bearing housing.
Topics: Bearings, Gas turbines, Rotors, Leakage, Cavities, Compressors, Polishing equipment, High pressure (Physics), Journal bearings, Lubricating oils
Compressor Discharge Brush Seal for Gas Turbine Model 7EA
Proc. ASME. GT2001, Volume 3: Heat Transfer; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration, V003T03A012, June 4–7, 2001
Single shaft-heavy-duty- industrial gas turbines are extremely sensitive to compressed air bypassing at compressor discharge plane. This plane represents the highest pressure location in entire Gas Turbine Unit (GTU). Standard method to minimize compressed air leakage is labyrinth seal that is integral part of the cylindrical element here called "inner barrel". The "inner barrel" is also the part of compressor discharge diffuser. This Paper describes the efforts related to conversion of standard labyrinth seal into the hybrid seal that is combination of labyrinth and brush seals.
Topics: Compressors, Gas turbines, Compressed air, Diffusers, Industrial gases, Leakage, Pressure, Turbines
Interstage Injection System for Heavy Duty Industrial Gas Turbine Model 7EA
This paper describes new methods of cleaning large multistage axial compressors that are the part of Gas Turbine Unit (GTU). Existing, standard method of compressor cleaning are on-line and off-line. In both cases of compressor cleaning clean water and appropriate detergents are mixed to remove dirt deposits from the blade surface. The on-line system is attractive because the cleaning is done when GTU is under full load. The on-line compressor cleaning slows down inevitable dirt depositing. Offline cleaning is much more effective than on-line cleaning. The negative side of off-line cleaning is that GTU must be shut down. In case of large GTU the processes of shut down and start up require significant amount of time. This paper also incorporates the efforts required to install Inter-stage Injection System (IIS) in one GTU in Watson Cogeneration Company (WCC).
Topics: Blades, Combined heat and power, Compressors, Detergents, Gas turbines, Industrial gases, Stress, Turbines, Water
Slow-Roll of Natural Gas Compressors in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant
Steve Ingistov, Michael Milos
Proc. ASME. GT2013, Volume 5A: Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Microturbines, Turbochargers, and Small Turbomachines, V05AT20A001, June 3–7, 2013
This Paper describes the efforts required to operate two steam turbine-driven centrifugal natural gas compressors at significantly reduced rotative speeds. Natural gas is used to power a 420 MW combined cycle cogeneration plant. Normally, the plant uses natural gas fuel at supply line pressure and the two compressors are on idled standby. The goal of the project is to reduce motive steam consumption in the steam turbine driving the natural gas compressors. The present operating mode, or idle mode, is where both natural gas compressors recycle compressed gas via dedicated intercoolers. This mode of operation occurs about 95% of the time. The remaining 5% of the time is when natural gas compressors boost the trunk line pressure in order to deliver fuel to the gas turbine combustors. Both natural gas compressor trains are designed for rapid increase of rotative speed in case one natural gas compressor is shut down. In order to put a natural gas compressor on hot standby slow-roll condition, a special, dedicated slow roll line is proposed for the fine control of the rotative speed.
Topics: Cogeneration plants, Compressors, Natural gas, Fuels, Pressure, Steam, Combined cycles, Combustion chambers, Gas turbines, Steam turbines
Slow-Roll of 40 MW Condensing-Extraction Steam Turbines in a 420 MW Cogeneration Plant
Proc. ASME. GT2012, Volume 3: Cycle Innovations; Education; Electric Power; Fans and Blowers; Industrial and Cogeneration, 827-834, June 11–15, 2012
This paper describes efforts required to operate condensing-extraction steam turbine generators with flexible rotor design on a slow-roll (also called, true stand-by) mode of operation. This mode of operation became necessary as a result of changing steam demand from the refinery and the resulting decreased performance of the existing steam turbine generators and the associated economic losses for the cogeneration facility. Design modifications implemented to achieve slow-roll of steam turbine generators and produce maximum power output obtainable with new steam flow conditions without affecting reliability and availability of the entire cogeneration facility are discussed in this paper. Successful implementation of the proposed design approach was demonstrated through extensive field testing completed in the summer of 2011. A simple life cycle economic analysis shows that the payback period associated with the proposed design modifications implemented to two steam turbine generators at the plant is approximately six (6) months.
Topics: Cogeneration plants, Steam turbines, Design, Generators, Combined heat and power, Steam, Cycles, Economic analysis, Flow (Dynamics), Reliability
Slow-Roll of 40-MW Condensing-Extraction Steam Turbines in a 420-MW Cogeneration Plant
Article Type: Design Innovations
Paper No: GTP-12-1327
This paper describes efforts required to operate a cogeneration facility's extraction-condensing steam turbine generators with flexible rotor design on a slow-roll mode of operation (also called true stand-by). Slow-roll mode of operation became necessary due to changing steam demand from the host refinery, resulting in decreased performance of the steam turbine generators and their associated economic losses. Design modifications implemented to achieve slow-roll of steam turbine generators without affecting reliability and availability of the entire cogeneration facility are discussed in this paper. Successful implementation of the design modifications was demonstrated via extensive field testing on two steam turbine generator units during the summer of 2011. A simple life cycle economic analysis shows the payback period for the project is approximately seven months.
Topics: Design, Steam, Steam turbines, Generators, Rotors
Upgrade of the Intake Air Cooling System for a Heavy-Duty Industrial Gas Turbine
Steve Ingistov, Mustapha Chaker
Proc. ASME. GT2011, Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Fans and Blowers; Industrial and Cogeneration; Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Marine; Oil and Gas Applications, 579-590, June 6–10, 2011
This paper describes continued efforts, spanning over number of years at the Watson Cogeneration plant located in Carson California, to improve the intake air cooling system in enhancing power output and performance of the four existing heavy-duty GE 7EA gas turbines. In early 2010, a decision was made to remove the media-type evaporative cooling system from one of the GT units (Unit #4) and rely completely on the high pressure fogging system to cool the compressor inlet air for power augmentation. The reasons and the efforts made for modifying the intake air system are elaborated in this paper including discussion on the results obtained due to implemented changes. Steam turbine condensate at 49 °C is utilized as the fogging water in contrast to the commonly used demineralized water at the ambient conditions. A discussion on the implication of using high temperature fog water is included here.
Topics: Cooling systems, Industrial gases, Turbines, Water, Cogeneration plants, Compressors, Condensed matter, Evaporative cooling, Gas turbines, High pressure (Physics)
Oil Mist Eliminator Vessel Modifications for GE 7EA Gas Turbine
Steve Ingistov, Roger Cusack, Rakesh Bhargava
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. November 2011, 133(11): 112002.
With any rotating machinery as lube oil leaves bearings, a certain amount of lube oil is aerated, resulting in the formation of a mist of very small size (less than 1 μ m diameter) particles. If oil mist elimination system is not sized and designed properly, it could cause various issues such as increased operation and maintenance cost, re-entry of oily air into adjacent gas turbine units, fouling of surrounding atmosphere, and creation of oil slick on concrete floors, besides impacting environmental requirements and safety hazards. This paper presents a case study involving GE 7EA gas turbines operating at the Watson Cogeneration Plant and discusses issues with the existing oil mist elimination system and steps taken for a successful replacement of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) supplied mist elimination system with non-OEM designed and fabricated mist elimination system. The replaced system demonstrated significantly higher life expectancy than it was designed for.
Topics: Bearings, Gas turbines, Vessels, Design
Avoidance of Gas Turbine Failure Using Metallurgical Analysis and Engine Health Monitoring as Predictive Tools
Pervez Canteenwalla, Steve Ingistov, Douglas Nagy
Proc. ASME. GT2010, Volume 5: Industrial and Cogeneration; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery; Oil and Gas Applications; Wind Turbine Technology, 45-49, June 14–18, 2010
Combining metallurgical analysis with performance analysis is a powerful tool for engine health monitoring and can aid in determining the root cause of component failure. A case study is presented for an industrial gas turbine engine operating at BP Watson Cogeneration Company in Carson, California where accelerated material aging and coating depletion were found in the first-stage turbine buckets after an engine up-rate to an increased firing temperature. After the material degradation was discovered, the engine was intended to be derated back to its original firing temperature, however, the performance analysis found the engine was still operating in a higher firing condition which would have continued to cause accelerated damage to the turbine buckets if not detected. Through combined analysis efforts, the error was found and corrected before the units failed from overheating.
Topics: Engines, Failure, Gas turbines, Metallurgical analysis, Firing, Temperature, Turbines, Coating processes, Coatings, Combined heat and power
With any rotating machinery as lube oil leaves bearings, a certain amount of lube oil is aerated resulting in formation of a mist of very small size (less than 1 micron diameter) particles. If oil mist elimination system is not sized and designed properly, it could cause various issues such as increased operation and maintenance cost, reentry of oily air into adjacent Gas Turbine (GT) units, fouling of surrounding atmosphere, and creation of oil slick on concrete floors, besides impacting environmental requirements and safety hazards. This paper presents a case study involving GE 7EA gas turbines operating at the Watson Cogeneration Plant and discusses issues with the existing oil mist elimination system and steps taken for a successful replacement of the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) supplied mist elimination system with non-OEM designed and fabricated mist elimination system. The replaced system demonstrated significantly higher life expectancy than it was designed for.
Topics: Gas turbines, Vessels, Bearings, Cogeneration plants, Concretes, Hazards, Machinery, Maintenance, Particulate matter, Safety
Efforts to Improve Aerodynamics of the Large Cooling Tower Fan by Modifications of the Fan Stack
Proc. ASME. GT2008, Volume 7: Education; Industrial and Cogeneration; Marine; Oil and Gas Applications, 71-80, June 9–13, 2008
This Paper describes the existing cooling air fan stack modification efforts. The cooling air fan is provided with a typical, standard dimension fan stack. The cooling air fan and its stack are integral parts of a cooling cell. The cooling cell in turn is an integral part of a large cooling water tower. The cooling water tower has seven cells. Each cooling air fan is furnished with a central "sealing plate". This "sealing plate" rotates together with the fan. The "sealing plate" serves to reduce the discharge air leakage back to the fan suction plane. The fan manufacturer modified the "sealing plates" to further reduce parasitic losses. Only one fan (cell 3) was furnished by the fan manufacturer with an upgraded central "sealing plate" in the form of a dish. This last evolution of the "sealing plate" encouraged the introduction of a stationary, aerodynamically shaped central piece. This central piece would match the outside diameter of the existing rotating dish. The intent is therefore to minimize parasitic losses and simultaneously reduce the turbulence and the swirling of discharged air in the stack.
Topics: Aerodynamics, Cooling, Cooling towers, Dimensions, Leakage, Plates (structures), Sealing (Process), Suction, Swirling flow, Turbulence
Non-Metallic Brush Seal in Heavy Duty GT Units, GE-Made Frame No. 7, Model EA
Proc. ASME. GT2007, Volume 3: Turbo Expo 2007, 593-601, May 14–17, 2007
This Paper describes design, fabrication, installation and operational experience with non-metallic brush seals installed in all four GT Units, GE-made, Frame No 7, Model EA, presently operating at Watson Cogeneration Company, Carson, California, USA. First non-metallic brush seal was installed early 2002 and is currently in operation. Non-metallic brush seal serves in particular application to reduce the leakage of lubrication oil into the axial compressor suction. At the time of installation, it was the first application[1], to author's knowledge, where the non-metallic bristle brush seal was used in heavy duty industrial gas turbine. Non-metallic brush seal can be successfully used where the local temperatures and pressures allow their safe usage. Compressor bearing number one is close to its suction where the air temperatures are low enough to enable the usage of non-metallic bristles which in turn are the core of the brush seals.
Topics: Bearings, Combined heat and power, Compressors, Design, Industrial gases, Leakage, Lubrication, Manufacturing, Suction, Temperature
Interstage Injection Into Axial Compressor, Gas Turbine Model 7EA: Part 2
Proc. ASME. GT2002, Volume 4: Turbo Expo 2002, Parts A and B, 497-505, June 3–6, 2002
This paper describes the efforts of upgrading the original Interstage Injection System (IIS) that was installed in Gas Turbine Unit (GTU) No2, Summer 2000. Paper presented by Ingistov, No 2001-GT-407 at IGTI Conference in New Orleans, June 2001 describes the original IIS design and its operational results. As presented in New Orleans IGTI Conference the main purpose of Interstage Injection (II) is to preserve the Gas Turbine Unit (GTU) power output rather than augment the power output. Some power augmentation however takes place, and with gradual increase of the injected water flow the power gain will have to be quantified. This paper incorporates design changes of the water injection nozzles and the field results on GTU No1 compiled during Summer and Fall of 2001 in Watson Cogeneration Company (WCC) Plant in Carson California.
Topics: Compressors, Gas turbines, Design, International Gas Turbine Institute, Combined heat and power, Flow (Dynamics), Nozzles, Underground injection, Water
Upgrades of Steam Turbine Generator Units in Watson Cogeneration Combined Cycle Plant
This paper describes efforts that were implemented in modifying two Steam Turbine Generators (STG) that are presently operating in Watson Cogeneration Company (WCC) Plant. WCC Plant is comprised of four identical GE made Gas Turbine Generators (GTG) and four Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG) designed and fabricated by Vogt. Portion of high pressure steam is expanded inside two Dresser-Rand-made Steam Turbine Generators (STG). The modifications presented in this paper include replacement of six original stages of expansion, introduction of shaft retractable labyrinths/packing and installation of the spill strips around shrouded blades. The modifications of high pressure steam path (except 1 st stage blading) were completed in 1992 and modification of rotor steam sealing elements such as shaft labyrinths were completed in April and May 2001. The steam path modification uprated STG from original 34.50MW to present 40MW each. The upgrades of the rotor sealing elements resulted in 2.80% Heat Rate (HR) reduction.
Topics: Combined cycle power stations, Combined heat and power, Generators, Steam turbines, Steam, Heat recovery steam generators, High pressure (Physics), Rotors, Sealing (Process), Blades


Here you can download Stylish Valentines Day 2016 HD Wallpapers free for your desktop and mobile. Happy Valentine's day 2016 to all or any lovers & couples. we tend to share the simplest Happy Valentine pictures, valentine's day footage, valentine pictures with quotes. would like you've got happy Valentine along with your love Valentine's Day is well known on Saint Valentine's Day.
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Find Valentine Day Flowers Photos 2016, Valentine Day Flowers. Valentine's Day isn't a public vacation. Government offices, stores, colleges and alternative organizations are open as was common. transit systems run on their regular schedule. Restaurants could also be busier than usual as many of us leave for a night with their significant other or partner. Valentine's Day is additionally a awfully standard date for weddings.


Were the lungs the seat of wisdom, Fox News host Bill O'Reilly would be wise, but they are not and he is not. So it is not astonishing that he is doubling down on his wager that the truth cannot catch up with him. It has, however, already done so.
The prolific O'Reilly has, with his collaborator Martin Dugard, produced five "history" books in five years: "Killing Lincoln," "Killing Kennedy, "Killing Jesus," "Killing Patton" and now the best-selling "Killing Reagan." Because no one actually killed Reagan, O'Reilly keeps his lucrative series going by postulating that the bullet that struck Reagan in March 1981 kind of, sort of killed him, although he lived 23 more years.
O'Reilly "reports" that the trauma of the assassination attempt was somehow causally related to the "fact" that Reagan was frequently so mentally incompetent that senior aides contemplated using the Constitution's 25th Amendment to remove him from office. But neither O'Reilly nor Dugard spoke with any of those aides — not with Ed Meese, Jim Baker, George Shultz or any of the scores of others who could, and would, have demolished O'Reilly's theory. O'Reilly now airily dismisses them because they "have skin in the game." His is an interesting approach to writing history: Never talk to anyone with firsthand knowledge of your subject.
Instead, O'Reilly made the book's "centerpiece" a memo he has never seen and never tried to see until 27 days after the book was published. Then Dugard asked the Reagan Presidential Library to find it.
Recently on Fox News, O'Reilly put this on the screen from Sue Janzen of Yorba Linda, Calif.: "We went to the Reagan Library, and were told they do not sell Killing Reagan because it's not factual." Then O'Reilly said: "You were deceived, Sue. The Reagan Library is angry at Martin Dugard and me because we're seeking" the Cannon memo. He added: "The memo's disappeared. But Dugard and I are on the case and the library is not happy about it."
"Disappeared"? His crude intimation was that the allegedly deceptive library is hiding the memo. The library, however, has never had it because when James Cannon wrote it, he was not a member of the White House staff, hence the memo was not a "presidential record."
O'Reilly recently canceled an interview with Meese, who says O'Reilly told him he was "vetting" the memo. (How does one vet a memo one does not possess?) O'Reilly says he canceled the interview because Meese set "conditions." Meese, who was eager to be interviewed, waived any conditions.
The "centerpiece" memo was written by Cannon at the request of former senator Howard Baker (R-Tenn.) when Baker was about to replace the fired Don Regan as Reagan's chief of staff. The memo assessing White House conditions apparently included disparagements of Reagan from some unhappy Regan staffers. The memo was presented to Baker at a meeting at Baker's home attended by A.B. Culvahouse, who the next day would become counsel to the president. Culvahouse remembers the normally mild-mannered Baker brusquely dismissing the memo: "That's not the Reagan I met with two days ago."
Neither Baker nor Culvahouse considered the memo important enough to save. Meeting with Reagan the next day, Baker and others found no reason to question his competence.
O'Reilly impales himself on a contradiction: He says his book is "laudatory" about Reagan — and that it is being attacked by Reagan "guardians" and "loyalists." How odd. Liberals, who have long recognized that to discredit conservatism they must devalue Reagan's presidency, surely are delighted with O'Reilly's assistance. The diaspora of Reagan administration alumni, and the conservative movement, now recognize O'Reilly as an opportunistic interloper.
He began his profitable paltering with America's past with "Killing Lincoln." Historians advising the National Park Service, which administers Ford's Theatre, found a multitude of errors in the first, uncorrected version, in which, for example, O'Reilly repeatedly places Lincoln in the Oval Office, which was built in 1909. The Theatre bookstore still does not sell "Killing Lincoln." The Theatre gift shop, a commercial rather than educational entity, does. Four "histories" later, O'Reilly remains slipshod.
In "The Great Gatsby," F. Scott Fitzgerald writes of Tom and Daisy Buchanan, who "smashed up things" and then "retreated back into ... their vast carelessness ... and let other people clean up the mess they had made." Tidying up after O'Reilly could be a full-time job but usually is not worth the trouble. When, however, O'Reilly's vast carelessness pollutes history and debases the historian's craft, the mess is, unlike O'Reilly, to be taken seriously.


Joseph Pilates developed his work from a strong personal experience in fitness. Unhealthy as a child, Joseph Pilates studied many kinds of self-improvement systems. He was inspired by the ancient Greek ideal of man perfected in development of body, mind and spirit. On his way to developing the Pilates Method, Joseph Pilates studied anatomy and developed himself as a body builder, a wrestler, gymnast, boxer, skier and diver.
After WWI, Joseph Pilates briefly returned to Germany where his reputation as a physical trainer/healer preceded him. In Germany, he worked briefly for the Hamburg Military Police in self-defense and physical training. In 1925, he was asked to train the German army. Instead, he packed his bags and took a boat to New York City. On the boat to America, Joseph met Clara, a nurse, who would become his wife. He went on to establish his studio in New York and Clara worked with him as he evolved the Pilates method of exercise, invented the Pilates exercise equipment, and of course, trained students.
Joseph Pilates taught in New York from 1926 to 1966. He trained a number of students who not only applied his work to their own lives but became teachers of the Pilates method themselves. "Classical style" Pilates was born from his students who committed themselves to passing along Pilates' work exactly as he taught it.
Many dancers and well-known persons of New York depended on Pilates method training for the strength and grace it developed in the practitioner, as well as for its rehabilitative effects. Until exercise science caught up with the Pilates exercise principles in the 1980s, and the surge of interest in Pilates that we have today got underway, it was chiefly dancers and elite athletes who kept Joseph Pilates' work alive.
Joseph Pilates passed away in 1967 at age 87. He had maintained a fit physique throughout his life, and many photos show that he was in remarkable physical condition in his older years.
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Addis Neger was an Ethiopian daily news website published in Maryland, USA, for a worldwide Ethiopian audience. It is the largest metropolitan website available for the Ethiopian diaspora. Founded on August 4, 2006, the site was rated the number one Ethiopian news web site in 2008. However, it is not connected to the popular Addis Neger private newspaper in Ethiopia.

The original Addis Neger news outlet was founded in 2005 by two political science students in Ethiopia. After the government arrested one of the students, the other fled to the U.S. and established the website in 2006 in order to publicize the political and social situation in Ethiopia. The names of the members are purposely kept hidden until the imprisoned student is released.

External links
Addis Neger website

2006 establishments in Maryland
African culture in Maryland
African journalism
American news websites
Communications in Maryland
Ethiopian-American history
Society of Ethiopia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia