text:
\subsection{Introduction}

The connections between classical and quantum physics are badly misunderstood
today. \ For example, the physics literature and the modern physics textbooks
claim that classical physics is incapable of accounting for the spectrum of
blackbody radiation and rather leads only to the divergent Rayleigh-Jeans
spectrum.\cite{texts} \ Actually, classical physics leads to the Planck
spectrum for blackbody radiation provided that one uses relativistic rather
than nonrelativistic classical physics and allows for classical zero-point
radiation, which is an intrinsic possibility of classical electrodynamics and
of thermodynamics.

Nonrelativistic classical mechanics was developed in the 17th and 18th
centuries, whereas classical electrodynamics was developed throughout the 19th
century into the early 20th. \ The years around the turn of the 20th century
saw the development of the theory of relativity. \ Electrodynamics was
relativistic whereas nonrelativistic mechanics did not satisfy the
requirements of special relativity. \ In the early 20th century, despite the
clear assessment that all of classical electrodynamics satisfies the ideas of
special relativity, physicists largely ignored the ideas of relativity in
connection with the unsolved problems of physics of that era. \ Current
textbooks of modern physics still teach the connections between classical and
quantum physics as though contemporary physicists were no better informed than
the physicists of the first half of the 20th century. \ Today textbooks of
modern physics often begin with a discussion of special relativity. \ However,
they fail to mention that the theory applies to all of relativistic classical
electrodynamics. \ Rather they claim,\cite{textrel} as was the viewpoint of
the physicists of the early 20th century, that special relativity needs to be
taken into account only in the physics of particles moving at a significant
fraction $v/c$ of the speed of light $c$. \ Thus when particles have high
velocity, one simply includes more terms in the ratio of $v/c$ for the
mechanical energy and momentum. \ However, this erroneous point of view
ignores the implications of the no-interaction theorem of Currie, Jordan and
Sudarshan\cite{No} which restricts the allowed interactions between
relativistic particles even when the particles are moving at small velocities. \

In the present article, we emphasize the contrast in scaling behavior between
nonrelativistic classical physics and relativistic classical electrodynamics.
\ We then show that this contrast in scaling behavior leads immediately to
contrasts in the scattering of electromagnetic radiation. \ The contrasts in
scattering behavior are tied directly to the ideas of thermal equilibrium for
blackbody radiation.

\subsection{Scaling Behavior within Classical Theory}

Any physical theory envisions a collection of elements which form the basis
for the theory. \ For example, nonrelativistic classical mechanics envisions a
set of masses $m_{i}$ at locations $\mathbf{r}_{i}$ moving with velocity
$\mathbf{v}_{i\text{ }}$which can interact through arbitrary potential
functions $V(|\mathbf{r}_{i}-\mathbf{r}_{j}|).$ In this theory, the masses,
lengths, and times all scale separately and continuously from 0 to $\infty.$
\ Thus the theory imagines the possibility of replacing any mass $m$ by a mass
$m^{\prime}=\sigma_{m}m,$ a length $l$ by a length $l^{\prime}=\sigma_{l}l,$
and a time $t$ by a time $t^{\prime}=\sigma_{t}t$ where $\sigma_{m
,~\sigma_{l},$ and $\sigma_{t}$ are arbitrary positive constants. \ Under such
a replacement, for example, a particle velocity $v=l/t$ becomes $v^{\prime
}=l^{\prime}/t^{\prime}=\sigma_{l}l/(\sigma_{t}t)=(\sigma_{l}/\sigma_{t})v.$
\ Kinetic energy $U=(1/2)mv^{2}$ is transformed as $U^{\prime}=(\sigma
_{m}\sigma_{l}^{2}/\sigma_{t}^{2})U.$ \ Thus in nonrelativistic mechanical
theory, any mechanical system can be replaced by a new mechanical system
which, for example, is twice as large, moves three times as fast, and has four
times the energy. \

Scaling in classical electrodynamics is quite different.\cite{FPscale}
\ Classical electrodynamics involves particles of charge $e$ and various
masses $m_{i}$ interacting through electromagnetic fields. \ Because of
certain universal constants found in nature, the relativistic classical
electrodynamic theory envisions elements which allow only a single
$\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scaling, which maps length $l$ to $l^{\prime
=\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}l,$ time $t$ to $t^{\prime}=\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}t,$ and energy
$U$ to $U^{\prime}=U/\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$ where $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$ is a
positive constant. \ The independent scalings of length $\sigma_{l}$ and of
time $\sigma_{t}$ envisioned within nonrelativistic mechanics are restricted
because of the existence of the universal constant $c$ (with dimensions of
$length/time$) corresponding to the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum.
\ The independent scalings of energy $\sigma_{U}$ ($\sigma_{U}=\sigma
_{m}\sigma_{l}^{2}/\sigma_{t}^{2}$) and of length $\sigma_{l}$ envisioned
within nonrelativistic mechanics are restricted because of the existence of
the universal constant $a_{S}/k_{B}^{4}$ (with dimensions of $1/(energy\times
length)^{3})$ corresponding to Stefan's constant $a_{S}$ divided by
Boltzmann's constant $k_{B}$ raised to the fourth power, and because of the
existence of a universal smallest electric charge $e$ (with dimensions of
$(energy\times length)^{1/2}).$ \ Thus any scaling of length $l$ and time $t$
where $l/t=c$ involves replacing $l/t$ by $l^{\prime}/t^{\prime
=\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}l/(\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}t)=l/t=c.$ \ Also any scaling of
potential energy $U$ and separation length $l$ where $U=e^{2}/l$ replaces $Ul$
by $U^{\prime}l^{\prime}=(U/\sigma_{ltU^{-1}})(\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}l)=Ul=e^{2}.$
\ It turns out that relativistic classical electrodynamics allows a complete
decoupling of the $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale-invariant quantities (such as
angular momentum and velocity) from the quantities which are transformed by a
$\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale transformation (such as length, frequency, mass, and
energy). \

When discussing questions of scaling within relativistic classical
electrodynamics, one turns to angular momentum $J$ as the natural
$\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale-invariant parameter of choice. \ Of the three
familiar conserved quantities in the theory (energy $U$, linear momentum
$\mathbf{p}$, and angular momentum $\mathbf{J}$), only angular momentum is
$\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant. \ Angular momentum is also an adiabatic
invariant.\cite{action} \ If one imagines electromagnetic radiation confined
to a spherical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, then a uniform
adiabatic compression (which changes the radius of the spherical cavity) will
leave the electromagnetic field angular momentum unchanged. \ Such an
adiabatic compression is often considered within thermodynamic analyses and so
is relevant for an understanding of blackbody radiation.

\subsection{Thermal Equilibrium for Electromagnetic Radiation}

In this article, we will consider only the \textit{classical} physics of
blackbody radiation. \ Blackbody radiation involves the radiation in a cavity
which has been brought to thermal equilibrium. \ The radiation in a cavity
with perfectly conducting walls will never achieve thermal equilibrium on its
own, since the scattering of electromagnetic radiation from a perfectly
reflecting wall may change the direction but not the frequency of the
radiation in the inertial frame at rest with respect to the walls of the
cavity. \ Rather, we must introduce radiation scatterers into the
mirror-walled cavity in order bring about thermal equilibrium. \ Crucially,
\textit{it is the character of the radiation scatterers which determines the
spectrum of radiation equilibrium.} \ 1) If nonrelativistic mechanical
scatterers are used,\cite{VV} or if nonrelativistic statistical mechanics is
applied to the scatterers or to the electromagnetic wave modes themselves,
then one arrives at the Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum.\cite{texts} \ This result is
noted in the textbooks of modern physics and throughout the physics
literature. \ 2) If relativistic electromagnetic scatterers are used and one
allows the natural possibility of classical electromagnetic zero-point
radiation, then one arrives at the Planck spectrum.\cite{BBrel} \ This result
is noted at a very few places in the physics literature and in none of the
textbooks. \ 3) If quantum mechanical scatterers are used, then one arrives at
the Planck spectrum. \ Indeed, the early rules of quantum physics were
developed as \textit{ad hoc} postulates introduced precisely in order to
obtain the Planck spectrum.\cite{Longair}

In the present article, we will carry out simple scattering calculations which
illustrate the contrasting aspects when nonrelativistic mechanical systems are
use as scatterers compared to when relativistic electromagnetic scatterers are
employed. \ In order to keep the analysis as simple and transparent as
possible, we consider the steady-state situation for a circularly-polarized
plane wave falling on a circular particle orbit for various particle masses
$m.$ \ Furthermore, again in the interests of simplicity, we will focus on the
scaling aspects of the scattering. \

\subsection{Radiation Scattering in Classical Physics}

\subsubsection{Scattering of a Plane Wave by a Nonrelativistic Mechanical
System}

We start with the traditional formulation of radiation scattering in classical
physics. \ The traditional treatment of the interaction of radiation and
matter in classical electrodynamics involves a nonrelativistic mechanical
system interacting with electromagnetic fields. \ Here we consider \ a
nonrelativistic particle of mass $m$ and charge $e$ moving in a circular orbit
of radius $r$ and frequency $\omega$ in a nonrelativistic central potential
$V(r).$ \ For simplicity, we take the potential as a power-law potential
$V(r)=\alpha r^{n+1}/(n+1),$ giving an attractive radial force of magnitude
$\mathbf{F}(r)=-\widehat{r}\alpha r^{n}$. \ Accordingly, Newton's second law
for the particle in the circular orbit takes the for
\begin{equation}
m\omega^{2}r=\alpha r^{n}. \label{N2
\end{equation}
The mass $m$ and the constant $\alpha$ are associated with the fundamental
mechanical system itself while the frequency $\omega$ and the radius $r$
depend upon the energy or angular momentum contained within the system. \ We
will choose the angular momentum $J$ as the parameter for use in our analysis,
since angular momentum is a $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant and is also an
adiabatic invariant. \ In the nonrelativistic formulation, we have the angular
momentum $J$ for a circular orbit given b

\begin{equation}
J=mr^{2}\omega.\label{Ang
\end{equation}
Solving equations (\ref{N2}) and (\ref{Ang}) for $r$ and $\omega$ in terms of
$m,~\alpha,$ and $J,$ we fin
\begin{equation}
r=\left(  \frac{J^{2}}{m\alpha}\right)  ^{1/(n+3)}\label{r1
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\omega=\left(  \frac{\alpha^{2}J^{n-1}}{m^{n+1}}\right)  ^{1/(n+3)
.\label{om1
\end{equation}
The velocity $v$ and energy $U$ of the orbiting charge are
\begin{equation}
v=r\omega=\frac{\alpha^{1/(n+3)}J^{(n+1)/(n+3)}}{m^{(n+2)/(n+3)}}\text{ \ and
\ }U=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}+\frac{\alpha r^{n+1}}{n+1}=\frac{n+3}{2n+2}\frac
{\alpha^{2/(n+3)}J^{(2n+2)/(n+3)}}{m^{(n+1)/(n+3)}}.\label{vU
\end{equation}

A circularly-polarized electromagnetic plane wave of minimum amplitude $E_{0}$
falls on the mechanical system. \ If the circular orbit of the mechanical
system is in the $xy$-plane and the circular orbit is centered on the origin,
then we may take the plane wave as traveling along the $z$-axis\cite{circ
\cite{gaussian
\begin{align}
\mathbf{E}(z,t) &  =\widehat{i}E_{0}\cos(kz-\omega t)+\widehat{j}E_{0
\sin(kz-\omega t),\text{ \ \ \ }\nonumber\\
\text{\ }\mathbf{B}(z,t) &  =\widehat{j}E_{0}\cos(kz-\omega t)-\widehat{i
E_{0}\sin(kz-\omega t).\label{E-B
\end{align}
For minimum amplitude $E_{0}$ of the incident wave, the motion of the orbiting
charge must be in phase with the plane wave, with the direction of the
electric field in the direction of the particle velocity. \ Assuming a
steady-state situation, the power delivered to the orbiting charged particle
is $eE_{0}v=eE_{0}r\omega,$ and this must balance the power radiated by the
orbiting charge $P=(2/3)(e^{2}/c^{3})\omega^{4}r^{2}.$ \ Therefore we hav
\begin{equation}
eE_{0}r\omega=\frac{2e^{2}}{3c^{3}}\omega^{4}r^{2},\text{ \ \ \ \ or
\ \ \ }E_{0}=\frac{2e}{3c^{3}}\omega^{3}r,\label{E0
\end{equation}
where $r$ and $\omega$ are given in Eqs. (\ref{r1}) and (\ref{om1}), so tha
\[
E_{0}=\frac{2e}{3c^{3}}\frac{\alpha^{5/(n+3)}J^{(3n-1)/(n+3)}
{m^{(3n+4)/(n+3)}}.
\]
\ The magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ of the plane wave places a $z$-component of
force on the orbiting charge; however, we will imagine the orbiting charge as
confined to the $xy$-plane by a frictionless surface and so will ignore this
force. \

\subsubsection{Scattering of Energy}

The plane wave in Eq. (\ref{E-B}) can be regarded as scattered by the charge
moving in a circular orbit. \ Energy and angular momentum are removed from the
incident wave and scattered into new directions. \ The total scattering
cross-section can be computed as the power $P$ radiated by the orbiting charge
divided by the power crossing per unit area $S=cE_{0}^{2}/(4\pi)$ in the plane
wave
\begin{align}
cross-section  &  =\frac{P}{S}=\left(  \frac{2e^{2}}{3c^{3}}\omega^{4
r^{2}\right)  \left(  \frac{4\pi}{cE_{0}^{2}}\right)  =\left(  \frac{2e^{2
}{3c^{3}}\omega^{4}r^{2}\right)  \frac{4\pi}{c}\left(  \frac{3c^{3}
{2e\omega^{3}r}\right)  ^{2}\nonumber\\
&  =\frac{6\pi c^{2}}{\omega^{2}}=6\pi c^{2}\left(  \frac{m^{n+1}}{\alpha
^{2}J^{n-1}}\right)  ^{\frac{2}{n+3}} \label{cs1
\end{align}
where we have used Eq. (\ref{E0}). \

In the low-velocity (nonrelativistic) limit, all the scattered radiation goes
into the fundamental mode which is at the same frequency $\omega$ as both the
particle orbital frequency and the circularly-polarized plane wave frequency.

The two most notable special cases are the simple harmonic oscillator
potential and the Coulomb potential. \ The simple harmonic potential
$V(r)=\alpha r^{2}/2$ involves $n=1,$ and $\alpha$ corresponds to the spring
constant. \ In this case, the scattering cross-section in Eq. (\ref{cs1})
becomes $cross-section=6\pi c^{2}(m/\alpha)=6\pi c^{2}/\omega_{0}^{2}$ which
depends upon the natural frequency of the oscillator $\omega_{0
=(\alpha/m)^{1/2}$ but is completely independent of the value of the
particle's angular momentum $J.$ \ The particle velocity $v$ is $v=\alpha
^{1/4}J^{1/2}/m^{3/4}$ and the particle energy is $U=(\alpha/m)^{1/2
J=\omega_{0}J.$ \ The electric field $E_{0}$ is related to the parameters of
the orbiting charge as $E_{0}=(2/3)(e/c^{3})(\alpha/m)^{5/4}(J/m)^{1/2
=(2/3)(e/c^{3})(\omega_{0})^{5/2}(J/m)^{1/2}.$ \ We see that, for fixed
angular momentum $J,$ different oscillators of the same natural frequency
$\omega_{0}=(\alpha/m)^{1/2}$ will have the same energy $U,$ but will involve
completely different values of velocity $v$ and electric field $E_{0}$
depending upon the choice of the mass $m.$

The Coulomb potential $V(r)=e^{2}/r$ involves $n=-2$ and $\alpha=e^{2}$. \ In
this case, we have $cross-section$ $=6\pi c^{2}[J^{3}/(me^{4})]^{2
=6\pi\lbrack e^{2}/(mc^{2})]^{2}(Jc/e^{2})^{6},$ where $[e^{2}/(mc^{2})]$ is
the classical radius of the electron, and $[e^{2}/(Jc)]$ is a $\sigma
_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale-invariant constant involving the angular momentum $J.$ The
particle velocity $v$ is $v=e^{2}/J$ and the particle energy is
$U=-(1/2)mc^{2}[e^{2}/(Jc)]^{2}.$ \ The amplitude of the circularly polarized
plane wave is $E_{0}=(2e/3)[mc^{2}/e^{2}]^{2}[e^{2}/(Jc)]^{7}.$ \ For the
Coulomb potential with fixed particle angular momentum, all quantities scale
with the mass $m.$ \ Thus the quantities $v,$ $U/m,$ $cross-section\times
m^{2}$ and $E_{0}/m^{2}$ depend upon only $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant
quantities. \

\subsection{Nonrelativistic Physics as a Limit of Relativistic Physics}

In the analysis just presented, we have used nonrelativistic mechanics for the
motion of the charged particle although we have used relativistic classical
electromagnetic theory for the circularly-polarized plane wave. \ Now we want
to check that the textbook claim that these scattering calculations are
justified in the sense that they represent low-velocity motion where $v/c<<1$
within a relativistic system. \ Thus we want to see that indeed our scattering
calculations represent low-velocity limits for a fully relativistic system.
\ Clearly the fully relativistic system must involve relativistic expressions
for the particle momentum $\mathbf{p}=m\gamma\mathbf{v}$ (where $\gamma
=(1-v^{2}/c^{2})^{-1/2})$ and angular momentum $\mathbf{J}=\mathbf{r\times p}$
(or in magnitude for a circular orbit $J=m\gamma vr).$ \ Then for a
relativistic circular orbit, the equations (\ref{N2}) and (\ref{Ang}) becom
\begin{equation}
m\gamma\omega^{2}r=\alpha r^{n}\label{N2R
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
J=m\gamma r^{2}\omega\label{AngR
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\gamma=[1-(r\omega/c)^{2}]^{-1/2}.\label{gam
\end{equation}
However, despite the introduction of these relativistic expression for
momentum and angular momentum, our analysis is not relativistic. \ As
emphasized in the no-interaction theorem by Currie, Jordan, and
Sudarshan,\cite{No} any relativistic mechanical system which goes beyond point
interactions between particles must involve a field theory. \ The circular
orbit for our charged particle involves a potential energy $V(r)$ of
interaction between the particle of mass $m$ and a hypothetical particle of
very large mass $M\rightarrow\infty$ at the coordinate origin. \ In order to
become a relativistic theory, this potential energy function $V(r)$ must be
extended to a full relativistic field theory. \ In the case of the Coulomb
potential $V(r)=e^{2}/r$, the extension is thoroughly familiar as relativistic
classical electrodynamics. \ However, the relativistic field-theory extensions
of the other potentials, and in particular the harmonic oscillator potential,
are lacking. \ It is not sufficient to take the low-velocity limits of
relativistic expressions for particle energy and momentum; we must also deal
with interactions between particles which allow extension to a relativistic
field theory. \

\subsection{Radiation Scattering in Relativistic Classical Electrodynamics}

\subsubsection{Special Aspects of Scattering from a Charge in a Coulomb
Potential}

Having emphasized that the only familiar relativistic analysis involves the
use of relativistic classical electrodynamics, we now return to the scattering
calculation from a fully relativistic point of view. \ This means using fully
relativistic mechanical expressions and also limiting ourselves to the Coulomb
potential which is part of a fully relativistic field theory. \ We find that
there are now strong constraints on the behavior of the system. \ In this
electromagnetic case, the relativistic Eq. (\ref{N2R}) become
\begin{equation}
m\gamma\omega^{2}r=e^{2}/r^{2},\label{N2RC
\end{equation}
while the angular momentum is still given by Eq. (\ref{AngR}). \ We can solve
Eqs. (\ref{AngR}) and (\ref{N2RC}) to obtain $r$ and $\omega$ as functions of
$m,$ $e^{2},$ and $J,$ givin
\begin{equation}
r=\frac{e^{2}}{mc^{2}}\left(  \frac{Jc}{e^{2}}\right)  ^{2}\left[  1-\left(
\frac{e^{2}}{Jc}\right)  ^{2}\right]  ^{1/2}\text{ \ \ and \ \ }\omega
=\frac{mc^{3}}{e^{2}}\left(  \frac{e^{2}}{Jc}\right)  ^{3}\left[  1-\left(
\frac{e^{2}}{Jc}\right)  ^{2}\right]  ^{-1/2}.\label{romR
\end{equation}
The energy of the particle is
\[
U=mc^{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{r}=mc^{2}\left[  1-\left(  \frac{e^{2}}{Jc}\right)
^{2}\right]  ^{1/2
\]
and the velocity $v=r\omega$ of the particle in its circular orbit i
\begin{equation}
v=r\omega=e^{2}/J.\label{vC
\end{equation}
The particle velocity is\ completely independent of the particle mass $m$.
\ Indeed, only the Coulomb potential has the orbiting particle velocity $v$
independent of the mass $m.$ \ This independence from $m$ is consistent with
the $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariance of the velocity $v$ in relativistic
classical electrodynamics. \ Since the constants $e^{2}$ and $c,$ and also the
parameter $J$ are all $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant, the constant
$e^{2}/(Jc)$ is $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant. \ Thus the only parameter
giving a scale to the particle orbit is the mass $m$ which gives a length
scale corresponding to the classical radius of the electron $e^{2}/(mc^{2}).$
\ The mass $m$ also gives the scale of time in terms of the classical radius
of the electron divided by the speed of light $e^{2}/(mc^{3}),$ and the
frequency scale depends upon the inverse of this time. \ The electric field of
the incident plane wave also has its scale determined by the particle mass
$m.$ \ The power radiated in the relativistic treatment of the circular
orbit\cite{Jackson667} is $P=(2/3)(e^{2}/c^{3})\gamma^{4}\omega^{4}r^{2}$ so
that the relativistic version of Eq. (\ref{E0}) i
\begin{equation}
E_{0}=\frac{2e}{3c^{3}}\gamma^{4}\omega^{3}r=\frac{2e}{3}\left(  \frac{mc^{2
}{e^{2}}\right)  ^{2}\left(  \frac{e^{2}}{Jc}\right)  ^{7}\left[  1-\left(
\frac{e^{2}}{Jc}\right)  ^{2}\right]  ^{-3}.\label{E0C
\end{equation}
Again this electric field magnitude is consistent with $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}
$-scaling since for a point charge the electric field behaves as
$\mathbf{E=}\widehat{r}e/r^{2},$ and $E_{0}$ in Eq. (\ref{E0C}) involves the
inverse of the classical radius of the electron squared times $\sigma
_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale-invariant quantities.

In the analysis involving a nonrelativistic low-velocity limit for the
orbiting charged particle, all the scattered radiation went into the radiation
at the same fundamental frequency $\omega$ as the orbital motion and the
incident plane wave. \ Such scattering cannot lead to thermal equilibrium
since there is no exchange of energy involving different frequencies.
\ However, in the fully relativistic calculation which is not restricted to
the limit of low velocities, the orbiting charged particle indeed shifts the
radiation of the incident wave into new frequencies; the scattering of the
plane wave moves part of the radiation to multiples of the fundamental
frequency and so acts like the sort of scatterer envisioned in discussions of
radiation thermal equilibrium. \ For a charged particle moving in a circular
orbit of radius $r$ at frequency $\omega,~$the power radiated per unit solid
angle into the $k^{th}$ harmonic is given by\cite{Jackson702
\begin{equation}
\frac{dP_{k}}{d\Omega}=\frac{e^{2}\omega^{4}r^{2}}{2\pi c^{3}}k^{2}\left\{
\left[  \frac{dJ_{k}(k\beta\sin\theta)}{d(k\beta\sin\theta)}\right]
^{2}+\left[  \frac{\cot\theta}{\beta}J_{k}(k\beta\sin\theta)\right]
^{2}\right\}  \label{dPdOm
\end{equation}
where here $\beta=r\omega/c,$ and $J_{k}$ is the Bessel function of order $k.$
\ The \textit{ratio} of the power radiated into the various harmonics depends
on only the velocity $\beta=v/c=e^{2}/(Jc)$ and is completely independent of
the mass $m$ of the charge in the circular orbit. \ This is the sort of
behavior which makes equilibrium thermal radiation independent of the details
of the relativistic electromagnetic scatterer. \

\subsubsection{Stability of the Orbiting Charge}

The total electromagnetic fields $\mathbf{E(r},t)=-\nabla\Phi-c^{-1
\partial\mathbf{A}/\partial t$ and$~\mathbf{B}(\mathbf{r},t)=\nabla
\times\mathbf{A}$ in space involve a homogeneous (source-free) solution of
Maxwell's equations (here given by the circularly-polarized plane wave) plus
the fields arising from the orbiting charge using the retarded Green function
for the scalar wave equation. \ In terms of the vector potential $\mathbf{A}$,
these expressions take the general form\cite{Jackson245
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{A(r},t)=\mathbf{A}^{in}(\mathbf{r},t)+\int\int d^{3}r^{\prime
}dt^{\prime}\frac{\delta(t-t^{\prime}-|\mathbf{r-r}^{\prime}|/c)
{|\mathbf{r-r}^{\prime}|}\frac{\mathbf{J(r}^{\prime},t^{\prime})}{c}\label{A
\end{equation}
where here $\mathbf{A}^{in}(\mathbf{r},t)$ corresponds to the incident
circularly-polarized plane wave and $\mathbf{J(r}^{\prime},t^{\prime})$
corresponds to the current source arising from the orbiting charge. \ In our
example involving the circularly-polarized plane wave, what prevents the
collapse of the orbiting charge into the center of the Coulomb potential is
the driving force of the homogeneous in-fields. \ The charged particle looses
energy and angular momentum due to radiation, but picks up energy and angular
momentum from the homogeneous (source-free) radiation fields, which in our
example are those of the circularly-polarized plane wave.

\subsubsection{Circular Particle Orbit in a Spherical Cavity}

In the discussion above, we considered the scattering of a
circularly-polarized plane wave by a charged particle in a circular orbit in a
Coulomb potential. \ The use of a circularly-polarized plane wave was made for
considerations of simplicity and familiarity. \ However, a still more relevant
calculation would involve a charged particle in steady-state motion in a
circular orbit in a Coulomb potential inside a spherical cavity with perfectly
conducting walls. \ Any accelerating electric charge would radiate so as to
introduce electromagnetic fields into the cavity. \ Thus steady-state motion
requires the presence of precisely those electromagnetic fields which meet the
boundary conditions at both the conducting walls and at the position of the
orbiting charged particle. \ The electromagnetic fields can be obtained by
modifying the calculations of Burko for a charged particle in a circular orbit
in free space.\cite{Burko} \ For a charge of mass $m$ in steady-state circular
orbit in a Coulomb potential at angular momentum $J$, the radius $R$ of the
cavity corresponds to certain discrete values related to the wavelength
$\lambda=2\pi c/\omega.$ There is radiation at all the harmonics of the
fundamental frequency, and the \textit{ratios} of the radiation energies at
the harmonics are independent of the fundamental frequency $\omega.$ \ If the
charged particle is replaced by a charged particle of the same charge and
different mass in the ratio $m^{\prime}/m$, the spherical cavity could be
compressed in the ratio $R^{\prime}/R=m/m^{\prime}$ so as to again bring the
orbital motion and radiation back into steady-state balance. \ The energy in
the radiation modes has the adiabatic invariant $U/\omega$ which is
$\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant. \

\subsection{Classical Zero-Point Radiation and Blackbody Radiation}

\subsubsection{Classical Zero-Point Radiation}

In the scattering analysis used above, we have always worked with coherent
radiation connected to the steady-state motion of a charged particle.
\ However, thermal radiation involves not coherent but rather random radiation
over a spectrum of frequencies. \ As pointed out in an earlier
analysis\cite{SHO} of the thermodynamics of the harmonic oscillator (or of
radiation normal modes), the principles of thermodynamics allow the
possibility of zero-point energy. \ Zero-point energy is random energy which
exists even at the absolute zero of temperature and which takes the form
\begin{equation}
U_{0}(\omega)=const\times\omega\label{zpr
\end{equation}
for each normal mode of frequency $\omega.$ \ We note that this zero-point
energy satisfies $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scaling since energy $U$ and frequency
$\omega$ transform in the same fashion under the scaling. \ Since energy
divided by frequency $U/\omega$ is an adiabatic invariant for any oscillator
mode, the spectrum of zero-point radiation in a spherical cavity is invariant
under adiabatic compression provided that the constant $const$ is the same for
every radiation mode. \ Thus under adiabatic compression, a mode of frequency
$\omega$ becomes a mode of frequency $\omega^{\prime};$ however, the original
energy $U$ of the mode becomes energy $U^{\prime}$ of the new mode so that the
spectrum of the radiation in the compressed cavity is still that of zero-point
radiation, since it still takes the form $U_{0}^{\prime}(\omega^{\prime
})=const\times\omega^{\prime}.$

The motion of a relativistic charged particle in a Coulomb potential at the
center of the cavity is described by the action variables $J_{1},J_{2},J_{3}$
which have the units of angular momentum and are therefore $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}
$-scale invariant. \ The energy of the relativistic particle is given
by\cite{Goldstein}
\begin{equation}
U=m\gamma c^{2}-\frac{e^{2}}{r}=mc^{2}\left(  1+\frac{e^{2}}{[(J_{3
-J_{2})c+(J_{2}^{2}c^{2}-e^{2})^{1/2}]^{2}}\right)  ^{-1}\label{GJ
\end{equation}
which again satisfies $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scaling behavior with the particle
mass $m.$ \ The particle radiates away energy and angular momentum (just as
our charged particle in a steady-state circular orbit radiated away energy and
angular momentum into the radiation field), and picks up energy and angular
momentum out of the random radiation field (just as our orbiting particle
picked up energy and angular momentum from the circularly-polarized plane
wave). \ The constant $const$ appearing in the spectrum for the random
classical zero-point radiation is an adiabatic invariant and a $\sigma
_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant; it takes the same value for each mode of the
radiation field. \ We expect that (just as in our example involving coherent
radiation above) the balance between energy pick up and loss for any charged
particle will lead to an average particle behavior which is related to that of
the random radiation. \ In this classical view, it is the random classical
zero-point radiation which prevents atomic collapse in a Coulomb potential.

\subsubsection{Classical Blackbody Radiation}

Random classical zero-point radiation is the unique spectrum of random
classical radiation which is $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant, Lorentz
invariant, invariant under adiabatic compression, and isotropic in every
inertial frame.\cite{any} \ Within classical electromagnetic theory,
zero-point radiation is crucial for understanding blackbody radiation. \

Based upon experimental measurements of Casimir forces,\cite{CasimirForces}
the constant $const$ appearing in the spectrum of classical zero-point
radiation takes the valu

\begin{equation}
const=\left(  \frac{\pi^{2}}{120c^{3}}\frac{k_{B}^{4}}{a_{S}}\right)
^{1/3}=0.527\times10^{-34}\mathbf{J\cdot s} \label{const
\end{equation}
where $a_{S}$ is Stefan's constant of 1789 and $k_{B}$ is Boltzmann's
constant. \ This constant takes the numerical value that is more familiarly
denoted as $\hbar/2$ where $2\pi\hbar=h$ is Planck's constant. \ This constant
value sets the scale for the energy $U_{0}(\omega)$ of radiation per normal
mode at every frequency $\omega$ at temperature $T=0.$ \ It will also set the
scale for the particle energy in Eq. (\ref{GJ}).

The classical understanding of thermal radiation is as follows. \ The
divergent spectrum of classical zero-point radiation is always present at any
temperature $T$. \ Thermal radiation at temperature $T>0$ represents a finite
density of radiation energy above the zero-point radiation. \ In a volume
$\mathcal{V},$ the total thermal energy equation of the blackbody spectrum
$U=a_{S}T^{4}\mathcal{V}$ (referring to to the energy above the zero-point
radiation) is invariant under $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scaling. \ Thus the quantity
$k_{B}T$ (like the quantity $U)$ has the dimensions of energy while the volume
$\mathcal{V}$ has the dimensions of length cubed, and the universal constant
$a_{S}/k_{B}^{4}$ is invariant under $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scaling. \ Therefore
the equation is $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scale invariant.

The presence of zero-point energy is contrary to the assumptions of
nonrelativistic classical statistical mechanics. \ But then too, the ideas of
special relativity are completely contrary to the ideas of nonrelativistic
classical statistical mechanics. \ It is nonrelativistic statistical mechanics
which suggests energy equipartition and the Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum. \

Classical zero-point radiation shares the $\sigma_{ltU^{-1}}$-scaling symmetry
of relativistic classical electrodynamics. \ Classical zero-point radiation
also provides the basis for understanding the Planck spectrum in classical
physics from a number of points of view. \ If we consider the thermodynamics
of a harmonic oscillator and ask for the smoothest interpolation between
zero-point energy $(1/2)\hbar\omega$ at low temperature and $k_{B}T$ at high
temperature, then we derive the Planck blackbody spectrum within classical
physics.\cite{SHO} \ If we compare paramagnetic behavior with diamagnetic
behavior in classical zero-point radiation while using relativistic limits
consistently, then we derive the Planck spectrum within classical
physics.\cite{dia} \ If we consider time-dilating conformal transformations of
thermal radiation in a Minkowski coordinate frame and in a Rindler frame, then
the Planck spectrum is derived within classical physics based upon the
structure of relativistic spacetime.\cite{BBrel}

\subsection{Discussion}

In our introductory courses on special relativity, we often discuss collisions
between relativistic particles. \ When we do this, we use only the mechanical
aspects of special relativity, only the expressions for mechanical energy
$U=m\gamma c^{2}$ and momentum $\mathbf{p}=m\gamma\mathbf{v}$. \ It is rarely
mentioned that if we attempt to introduce an interaction between the particles
which is not a point interaction, then relativity forces us to go to a full
field theory. \ This is the content of the no-interaction theorem of Currie,
Jordan, and Sudarshan.\cite{No} \ Mixtures of relativistic and nonrelativistic
physics follow neither the rules of relativistic nor of nonrelativistic
physics and are full of pitfalls for the unsuspecting physicist.\cite{contro}\

Electromagnetic radiation cannot bring itself to thermal equilibrium.
\ Therefore the analysis of blackbody radiation forces us to introduce
interactions between radiation and matter in order to describe thermal
equilibrium. \ However, if we hope to explain nature, we must use theories
which describe nature accurately. \ Use of nonrelativistic mechanics for the
scatterers of radiation leads to the same energy equipartition as appears in
nonrelativistic classical statistical mechanics. \ Accurate treatment of
thermal equilibrium within classical physics requires the use of a fully
relativistic analysis. \ Relativistic analysis leads to the Planck spectrum
for blackbody radiation within classical physics.


text:
As good as it gets.
IN CASE you haven't read the papers, the news can be summed up with the phrase: 'Handcart, meet hell.'
Government ministers have sent people to be tortured, pregnant women have been held hostage by machete-wielding burglars, Robert Mugabe is still not dead, a comedian's been pilloried for expressing an opinion about a football game, North Korea is going to set off a nuclear bomb and the BBC has spent £22million on a weekly advert for Universal music.
We're paying the Chinese to plant trees, hairdressers have been banned from knowing what time it is, the Sex Pistols won't be playing at the Olympics opening ceremony, a Tory tycoon thinks there's nothing wrong with making 300 phone calls telling his wife she's a "f***ing whore", someone's been set on fire and left in a wheelie bin and the terror of the Leveson inquiry means the only kiss-and-tell in the papers for months is a grubby yarn about an elderly bus driver and the prettiest passenger he could find on the no6 to Corby.
On top of that, we've all had to go back to work after four days off, the weather was crap, and we've got a hosepipe ban because the foreign firms who own our water won't let us use it on the roses because they're too busy wasting it themselves.
And let's not forget the writhing abortion of our legal system, an institution so corrupt and inept that people flock from all over the planet to use it.
And... oh, hang on. That's a good thing, isn't it? If we have divorce tourists, and libel tourists, and terror suspects using every last avenue of appeal to avoid being sent somewhere else, that presumably makes our form of justice the Seychelles of the legal world, a happy place where all can bask and frolic in the unending sunshine of freedom, doesn't it?
Well, yes and no. The doings of our courts and judges are far from perfect and having been at the mercy of our divorce laws myself I can tell you I'd rather poke my own eyes out with poisoned cocktail sticks than go through it again.
But compared to many other places in the world divorce is a lot fairer and nicer here. It's equal in terms of division of assets, in not apportioning blame (an oversight in some cases, particularly mine) and despite frequent custody and maintenance issues is a lot fairer to parents than you might get if you divorced in, say, Kazakhstan.
Then we have our terrorists. Today the man commonly known as Hate-Filled Hook-Handed Cleric Abu Hamza was among five such men who have lost an appeal against extradition to the US.
Hamza is a criminal, and a bad man to boot. He used to work as a bouncer at a peep show, his hook proves he's not great at dealing with explosives (never a good sign in a terrorist) and he took his son away from his mother for 12 years. Three of his sons have also been convicted of crimes involving stolen cars and another two for terror offences.
After 9/11 he started sounding off about jihad despite being a pretty bad example of a faithful Muslim, and formed a radical group campaigning for their idea of heaven on earth. We didn't arrest him, because as unpleasant as his words were he had a right to say them. Some people agreed with him, but many more thought he was an idiot, which is one of the principal blessings of free speech.
Seven years ago he was banged up because the Americans wanted him for encouraging one of their own terrorists, and an extradition process began. Unlike our cousins across the pond we don't like the death penalty, and our rules say we can't deport someone if they might get killed later. The Yanks had to agree whatever sentence he might get would not include death, but Hamza still didn't fancy leaving one of our high security prisons - with prisoner rights and flatscreen tellies and Coronation Street - for one of theirs, with orange jumpsuits and lots of angry men.
Unless he lodges a final appeal, Hamza will be on a plane within three months and no-one's going to miss him. It's very easy when considering a one-eyed, hook-handed hate merchant to just get rid, to let the Yanks do as they please, to feel the world would be a better place if some public-spirited prison officer would just garotte him one day or at the very least take the plug off his telly.
But what's easy isn't always what's best. A dead Hamza would simply spawn a million more medieval throwbacks for us to deal with. If you doubt me, just look at Afghanistan - a war which was welcomed as a liberation from an oppressive regime has since radicalised untold armies of people, promoted the opium trade and has long lost any international goodwill in the mire of a military disaster.
We spent £500million on bullets and drones and getting soldiers blown up, when we could have spent half that on schools and done a damn sight better job of keeping the Taliban out of power.
Al Qaeda is not a thing or a person. It's not an organisation or something with a list of names who you can track down to kill or deport. It's an idea, and if you want to beat it the only way is to have a better one.
Any student of history will tell you the only idea which has consistently won any arguments is the one with greater freedoms. The side which lets people do more of what they want, and less of what they don't, is the side which always wins in the end. It won in the civil wars in America and England, it won in the French and Russian revolutions, it won in World Wars I and II and it kicked butt in apartheid, the Reformation, the Suffragette movement and the Roman flipping Empire, too.
I think it's rather marvellous that Hamza has been able to delay the inevitable for seven years. If he'd won I wouldn't much mind either, because he'd end up in prison one way or the other. I'd rather pay for his XBox than I would a single minute of a pointless war, and it's far better that every British citizen - for he is one of us - has the same equal recourse to the courts. If we removed those rights for some people, then what is to stop someone removing them for you?
It's a hard and difficult thing to treat an awful person well, and to know it is much better than they would treat you. But it is the only way to show that you are nicer than they are, and definitely the only way to win.
Rules are a lot like brains, really - easy to bend, and bad to break. There are lots of imperfections in the world which give us journalists plenty to write about but as long as justice is at least theoretically available to everyone then the handcart is just circling hell in a holding pattern.
And you won't get better than that.
Just be glad he never caught the bus to Corby.
Labels: abu hamza, BBC, kiss and tell, korea, Leveson, mugabe, sex pistols
Sleb speak.
A total shower.
Live and let lie.
You've only yourselves to blame.
Fascist is as fascist does.
In a rich man's world.
Perpetual Pippa.
Privacy is a funny business.
Show me the money.
A Very Important Seagull.
Payback.
I am legion.
What's not to like?
Never short of an idiot.
Cry God for Harry, England and St George!
Take a proper gander.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Executive Vice President for Health Affairs Richard Shannon, M.D.
Vice President and Chief Officer for Diversity and Equality Marcus L. Martin, M.D.
The University publishes a printed copy of the Plan in the fall of each year. To view or download a PDF copy of the printed version, click here or on the graphic (right). Changes to the printed version are typically posted only annually, in the fall.


BL Training Ltd are an award winning training provider who specialise in developing customised training solutions for businesses throughout the North East.
We have training centres in Newcastle, Sunderland, Durham, Darlington and Middlesbrough and can also deliver training in the workplace to suit your organisations requirements.
If you are an employer new to Apprenticeships, you may be eligible for a government grant of up to £1500 for the first 12 months of training.
Contact us at Head Office for more details.


Searching for competitive online loans can be tricky.
For anyone who's ever researched, analysed, and compared lenders' online offerings, refining the search of financial institutions, banks, or private lenders is time-consuming.
But without performing this level of comparative study, borrowers of funds for property, car, or personal use can pay too much. Lend Me in Perth is an example of a company that does the hard work of comparing loans for which the borrower qualifies, greatly simplifying the loan application process.
When evaluating available loan resources, the professional loan or mortgage broker remains at the borrower's side to assist along the way to approval. The inexperienced borrower may not know how to best present his or her application. The broker advises the borrower about the financial paperwork and details necessary to complete the loan application. With details properly in place, the borrower has a much greater chance of obtaining loan approval for his or her needs.
The broker helps individuals searching for loan funds of $5,000 or more. Sometimes, larger banks and institutions' loans are competitive with smaller lenders. Loan pricing depends on many variable factors, including lenders' supply and demand, interest rates, and the borrower's income and credit profile.
Helping borrowers to winnow the field of all available loans greatly facilitates their ability to get favourable borrowing terms.
Most people have incredibly busy lives, and taking the time to prepare a loan application from start to finish alone is a lengthy and often frustrating endeavor. A mortgage or loan broker is an experienced resource for the borrower to rely upon. The broker's resources can mean the difference between selecting a well-suited lender or paying too much for loan funds. The loan broker acts as a conduit to those public or private loan sources that best suit the borrower. And, in some cases, the broker's business relationships add value to the borrower's application process.
Borrowers may not know the level of funds for which they may apply. The mortgage or loan broker can help the borrower determine his or her likely credit line before submitting a single loan application. Conservative borrowers may be surprised that income and credit history affords attractive loan terms in today's historically low interest rate environment.


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We do not provide services or sell products to children. If you are below the age of 15, you may use our website only with the permission and active involvement of a parent or legal guardian. If you are a minor, please do not provide us or other website visitors with any personal information.
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(a) DF Patisserie (DKI Jakarta) does not accept responsibility for any loss or damage, however caused (including through negligence), which you may directly or indirectly suffer in connection with your use of the Site or any linked website, or which may arise directly or indirectly in respect of items supplied pursuant to an order placed on the Site. DF Patisserie (DKI Jakarta) does not accept any responsibility for any such loss arising out of your use of, or reliance on, information contained on or accessed through the Site. (b) With regards to any loss or damage which may be suffered by you in connection with the purchase and use of any items supplied via the Site, DF Patisserie (DKI Jakarta) , at its sole discretion, limits its liability to the extent permitted by law, and is fair and reasonable for DF Patisserie (DKI Jakarta) to do so, to either repairing or replacing those items or paying the cost of having those items repaired or replaced.
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text:
DiScover Club: first details of DiS-hosted free show...
by Mike Diver November 1st, 2006
Oh me oh my, do we have some treats for you, for free.
On November 18, the DiScover Club again lands itself in the belly of Notting Hill Arts Club. Confirmed so far are The Monroe Transfer and - we're really excited to announce this - Adam Gnade (pictured). Doors on the day open at four, drinks offers are available at the bar, and DiS DJs will be playing top-quality records before, between and after the live acts. Further bands are to be confirmed, but believe us: they good.
The details, in easy-to-digest form:
Where: Notting Hill Arts Club, London
21 Notting Hill Gate
London W11 3JQ
When: November 18, 2006; 4pm-8pm
What: Free entry; over-18s only
Who: Read on...
The Monroe Transfer are a stirringly atmospheric sextet from the mean streets of our own capital, who fantastically manage to craft intoxicatingly beautiful soundscapes from instruments traditional and otherwise despite their less-than-salubrious surroundings. The band's Electric Old Wire Noise album - a self-released record wrapped in amazing packaging - received a sizeable slice of acclaim upon its release earlier this year.
DiS review of Electric Old Wire Noise
MySpace page
Adam Gnade is a wandering soul, lost in an America too large for his heart to understand, too complicated for his red wine-soaked mind to wholly compute. His output has been described as 'talking songs' - he's a gonzo beat poet on a dusty trail to somewhere over the rainbow, but he's fully expecting the pot o' gold to be empty and split in half. His debut album, Run, Hide, Retreat, Surrender, brought his talents to the attention of DiS Records, who released the Shout The Rafters Down! EP last month. An astonishingly unique talent, Gnade's Notting Hill performance will be his first of two on the same day - he'll play Oxford with Youthmovies and Blood Red Shoes in the evening.
Download Shout The Rafters Down!
DiScover Adam Gnade (DiS interview)
Further bands TBC! We've our fingers crossed for a truly special act, one very dear to DiS's hearts, to join the bill... if they're reading this, give us a yes, yeah?
Adam Gnade is on tour with Youthmovies and Blood Red Shoes from November 10 until November 18; click here for full dates!
Add the Notting Hill Arts Club show to your gig calendar here.


Passion Projects: Edu-fad or Meaningful Learning Opportunity?
Passion Projects, 20 Time, Genius Hour, AMPed etc. So many names and phrases have been thrown out there in recent years but are they really fulfilling their purpose? Are the time and effort you and your learners putting in worth it?" Join Carlos and Jess (and other special guests) to a create CPP and modify or design a customized program from scratch for your own school. In addition, we will talk about overcoming challenges such as student agency, motivation, and drive, teacher buy-in, and mapping. This workshop is for anyone seeking to start or improve "passion-based" learning programs in their schools.


Traveling around the United States has made me realize that this country has so much to offer in terms of natures beauty. I am truly blessed to be apart of this world. Here are just a few of my favorite photos from my adventures.


text:
Meadows Museum exhibition explores ties between Louisiana and Latin Caribbean
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SHREVEPORT, LA — Louisiana is known for its distinctive Creole heritage—evident in its food, architecture, and people—but it is part of an entire family of Latin Caribbean cities that forged new identities from their colonial histories. On February 13, the Meadows Museum of Art will explore these connections with the exhibition "Creole World: Photographs of New Orleans and the Latin Caribbean Sphere," featuring the work of renowned photographer Richard Sexton.
Sexton is a fine art and media photographer whose work has been published and exhibited worldwide. Born in Atlanta and raised in Colquitt, Georgia, his work has been published in Archetype, Harper's, Photographer's Forum and View Camera magazines, as well as many others. Creole World is his 13th book. In 2014, Sexton received the Michael P. Smith Memorial Award for Documentary Photography from the Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities.
Over the course of 38 years (1975–2013), Sexton traveled across Latin America—from Haiti, Colombia, Argentina, Cuba, and Ecuador back home to New Orleans—capturing the architectural and urban similarities among these culturally rich locales. More than 50 of these vibrant images on loan from The Historic New Orleans Collection will be on view through April 23, 2016. The Meadows' exhibition is additionally supported by the Provost and Dean of Centenary College, and will be presented in English and Spanish.
In the accompanying book of the same name, essays by Creole-architecture scholar Jay D. Edwards and photography historian John H. Lawrence set the stage for more than 200 color images by Sexton. Together, the essays and photographs take readers on a fascinating journey across time and place, through the growing Creole world. Every aspect of "Creole World"—from its lively, unpredictable images to its bursts of color and movement—conveys the excitement of discovery in lands both foreign and familiar.
A free opening reception sponsored by the Friends of the Meadows Museum will be held February 13 from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. Sexton will give a gallery talk at 6:00 p.m., followed by a book signing of the lavishly illustrated, hardcover catalogue published by The Historic New Orleans Collection.
In conjunction with the exhibition, the Meadows will host a free lecture by Centenary sociology professor Dr. Loren Demerath on March 2 at 6:30 p.m. entitled "The Good (Social) Life in Lesser Developed Countries," based on his original research.
About The Historic New Orleans Collection
Founded in 1966, The Historic New Orleans Collection is a museum, research center and publisher dedicated to the study and preservation of the history and culture of New Orleans and the Gulf South. For more information, visit www.hnoc.org or call (504) 523-4662.
About the Meadows Museum of Art
The Meadows Museum of Art is located on the campus of Centenary College of Louisiana at 2911 Centenary Boulevard in Shreveport, Louisiana. The Museum is free and open to the public Tuesdays through Fridays from 11 a.m.-6 p.m. and Saturdays from 12-4 p.m. For more information or to schedule fieldtrips, call the Museum at 318.869.5040 or visit www.centenary.edu/meadows.


text:
Home » Medical Roundtables Helpful in Workers' Compensation Cases
Medical Roundtables Helpful in Workers' Compensation Cases
MDs, RNs, and psychologists can help
HMOs struggle in workers' compensation market
Take on a bigger role in workers' compensation
Case managers can help prevent workers' comp cases from stalling
Nurse Case Managers & Social Workers: Relationship Best Practices Part 1
Nurse Case Managers & Social Workers: Relationship Best Practices — Series
One strategy for resolving workers' compensation claims as quickly and optimally as possible is to assemble a medical roundtable of professional experts to review claims.
• The roundtable experts can discuss the types of medical issues that drive claim complications and require multifaceted solutions.
• Case managers can be involved in claim review, helping with social determinants of health barriers and providing practical guidance on getting patients back to work.
• The roundtables can take place over conference calls, covering 10 to 15 medically-complex claims, including cases that have certain types of injuries or medication issues, such as opioid addiction.
Medical expenses are the chief drivers of expenses in workers' compensation claims, fueled in part by patients with multiple medications and comorbidities.
"We recognize more and more that medical complexity drives activities and outcomes on a claim," says J.J. Schmidt, MBA, PhD, senior vice president and head of analytics and innovations at York Risk in Jersey City, NJ.
"When someone has a workers' compensation injury, we want to get that person back to the state they were in before they had their injury," he says.
This is why it is important to seek guidance from medical professionals, he adds.
"We need to pull in medical experts to advise and guide the direction of those claims," Schmidt says. "What we've seen is that pulling in medical experts serves a couple of purposes."
Physicians, nurses, psychologists, and others can educate and share information on cases. Workers' comp claim adjusters can use the medical roundtable model to access their expertise.
"When you're doing rounds in a hospital, the physician and residents will go around and talk about what's going on with patients and what we need to do and what are the challenges," Schmidt says. "We can borrow those same concepts and deploy the grand rounds into a claim or administrative setting."
The typical claim review might involve adjusters and their clients meeting remotely to go through dozens of open claims. They would look at claims that had been open for six months or a year and talk about why it was still open and what kind of progress is being made in resolving the claim, Schmidt explains.
"What we started to recognize is that so many things that were obstacles or challenges on a claim were medical issues," he says.
For example, a patient may be unable to undergo surgery due to diabetes, hypertension, and medication.
"Or, this person has been on opioids for nine months or a year, and it's stalling the progress of getting this person back to work, or they can't do surgery because of obesity issues," Schmidt says.
These kinds of medical issues were driving claim complications. The solution was to meet with a medical team that could include a physician, psychologist, pharmacist, and clinical program manager.
"An adjuster will present this claim, and then we talk about it, and a medical team is able to give some advice," he says.
Case managers also can be involved in claim review. "For many case managers or case management companies, this is something they could be doing," Schmidt adds.
Case managers can help with social determinants of health barriers and provide an all-encompassing perspective on what it might take to get a patient back to work, he says.
"Nurses and case managers have a unique perspective on these medical issues, and I think that these issues are forgotten, sometimes, on the claims side of things because adjusters are trained to be adjusters — not medical professionals," Schmidt explains.
Here is how the medical roundtable can work:
• Assess caseload. Medical roundtables can be held via conference or video call.
"We have claims in different states and offices, so we usually do it virtually," Schmidt says.
A first step is to identify 10 to 15 medically complex claims.
"We tell clients we're going to do this medical roundtable, and we ask, 'Which are the files you want us to include based on medical complexity factors?'" Schmidt says. "We put those files together."
The roundtables also could be used for cases involving certain types of injuries or when workers experience medication issues, such as opioid use.
When injured workers use opioids and exceed a high threshold of morphine equivalent dosages (MEDs), then the claim adjuster might ask for solutions from a medical roundtable. People taking high dosages of opioids might forget they have already taken their pills and take more, or they might think it is OK to drink a glass of wine and not realize that it could increase their risk of complications.
Case managers can call these patients to make sure they know the risks of taking high dosages of opioids and to reinforce that they should not drive or drink alcohol, he says.
Ideally, physicians tell patients of opioid risks, but some injured workers might not have been to a doctor in four or five years or they have not become comfortable with their doctor.
"When you have that situation, often there is not a level of trust between the injured worker and the physician," Schmidt says. "In discussing these claims in roundtables, we might say, 'You know, this might be an opportunity to hire a nurse to provide patient education.'"
• Review, summarize, discuss, and take action. The medical roundtables include the claims adjuster, sometimes a unit manager, and the medical team. A case management company and pharmacist also can be involved, and the employer might weigh in on the discussion.
Before the meeting, the adjuster writes a short summary that is sent to everyone on the medical team, so they are prepared when the discussion begins. The summary includes the case challenges, demographics, and other issues, Schmidt says.
"When our medical director looks at the file, she looks at challenges, notes, claims files, virtual table, and physical table, and is ready to discuss everything," he adds.
Each person reviews the cases that will be discussed over the course of the one- to 1.5-hour meeting, Schmidt says.
"We talk about settling the claim and see if we can close it," he says. "We want an action plan when we're finished."
The adjuster makes the action plan part of the claim strategy and executes the plan.
• Include case management expertise. Case managers help adjusters understand the solutions they can provide, Schmidt notes.
For instance, case managers can talk about patients' medications and complications. They can talk about social determinants of health solutions, he says.
"Case managers are more in tune with translating those things to help the adjuster understand how those factors can complicate a claim or add to the challenges on a claim," Schmidt says.
For many people, the medical process is very complex. They do not interact with healthcare systems very often, nor do they have someone who can advocate for them, he says.
When the adjuster wonders why the patient did not follow their medical instructions, the case manager might be able to explain how the patient didn't graduate from high school and doesn't understand the medical terminology, he adds.
Case managers bring value to the table. They can be advocates who help patients and guide them through the healthcare system, Schmidt says.
"We need to adapt to the changing nature of claims administration and recognize that it's the medical components driving it," he says. "We need medical resources, like nurse case managers, available and able to assist and move these claims along and be part of the team."
Case Management Advisor
Case Management Advisor (Vol. 30, No. 7) - July 2019
Program Targeting Serious Illnesses Helps Reduce ED Visits, Hospital Readmissions
Home-Based Palliative Care Program Keeps Patients Out of the Hospital
Case Management Advisor Wants Your Opinion
'Purposeful Rounding' Mixes Security, Clinical Teams to Help De-Escalate Tense Situations
Quick Wins: Blood Draws, Infection Rates, Sepsis
Third-Party Social Determinants of Health Data Can Help Improve Quality of Care
Financial Disclosure: Author Melinda Young, Editor Jill Drachenberg, Editor Jesse Saffron, Editorial Group Manager Leslie Coplin, and Nurse Planner Margaret Leonard report no consultant, stockholder, speaker's bureau, research, or other financial relationships with companies having ties to this field of study.


Freedom of political expression generally receives a very high degree of protection from the courts. Political expression in the UK's broadcast media, by comparison, receives far lower levels of protection. This has been graphically demonstrated recently by the decision of the House of Lords in R (on the application of the ProLife Alliance) v BBC in which a majority of their Lordships upheld a refusal by the BBC and independent broadcasters to transmit a Party Election Broadcast by the ProLife Alliance, depicting an abortion, prior to the 2001 general election. It will be argued that this decision is inconsistent with the jurisprudence underlying the free speech right and with the Article 10 case law of the European Court of Human Rights. In particular it will be argued that the court failed to have due regard to the type of expression at issue in the case resulting in an inadequate assessment of the proportionality of the restriction.
First published in Web Journal of Current Legal Issues.


Malcolm (Ty Hickson) and Sofia (Tashiana Washington) are two Bronx teenagers, looking to make a name for themselves as taggers… graffiti artists who try to get their personalized logo seen throughout the city. The Holy Grail of taggers is to "bomb the Apple" in Shea Stadium, a giant apple that rises up every time the Mets get a home run. Malcolm knows a guy who works security at the stadium, and for $500 he'll let them in to take a crack at it. All they need now is $500. It'll be a hectic quest, involving rival taggers, bicycle thieves, drug deals, unscrupulous fences, breaking and entering, and a prep school girl (Zoe Lescaze) whose charms — and jewelry — catch Malcolm's attention.
Adam Leon's debut feature is an absolute delight. There is a vibrant freshness to it that recalls the first films of other New York indie directors like Jarmusch's Stranger Than Paradise, Cassavetes's Shadows or Spike Lee's She's Gotta Have It… but without the awkwardness that sometimes hamstrings those efforts. It's wonderfully relaxed and self-assured. The script flows so naturally that one wonders how much, if any, of it was improvised. These characters feel like the real deal, carving out a niche in their New York, trying to square their shoulders and stand up to a world that's bigger than them. But it's a dog-eat-dog world out there, and these kids haven't yet developed the rough edges to make it in the cutthroat jungle. Their sweetness still shines through. Like the would-be criminals of the Poitier/Cosby movies or Bottle Rocket or Band of Outsiders (I thought of Godard more than once… the meeting between Hickson and Lescaze recalls the bedroom scene in Breathless in its breezy joys) we don't really want them to succeed, but we want to enjoy the comedy of their struggles… and hope that no one gets seriously hurt.
And it's a beautifully comic film, full of sharp exchanges, funny situations and enjoyable details. Malcolm spends half the picture running around with no shoes on. Hickson and Washington are real finds, both of them completely charming and believable. Their dreams may be small but their spirits are large… and their banter is often hilarious. Also immensely entertaining is Meeko as Champion, their criminal mentor who just ends up causing them more trouble.
This entry was posted on May 6, 2013 at 11:47 pm	and is filed under Movie Reviews. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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Unit 12 examines the expressive language skills (speaking and writing) in more detail. This unit provided an outline of what types of expressive language activities should occur in each stage of a typical ESA lesson as well as how to prepare to target and elicit expressive language skills. Pair-work, group-work, meaningful language targets, and guided conversations are suggested to facilitate verbal fluency. While writing is an important skill, it is often not targeted during ESL lessons, but rather set as homework tasks. Feedback is especially important to facilitate improvement and accuracy in both aspects of expressive language.


In your pursuit to discover even more all-natural recovery techniques and also all-natural supplements to healthiness, you're well encouraged to think about the old recovery approaches of the Chinese.
Chinese food treatment, likewise called Chinese nourishment treatment, goes back to as very early as 2000 BC, though appropriate documents regarding its usages was discovered around 500 BC. Basically, Chinese food treatment entails making use of specific foods to assist in the recovery of particular body disorders or helps in maintaining healthy and balanced various other physical features. Fans of food treatment rely on the idea of yin as well as yang in food; the yin foods are thought to reduce the body's metabolic rate, or lower the body's warm, while the yang foods are claimed to boost the body's warmth or boost metabolic rate.
The Chinese rely on 4 food teams, which are grains, meats, veggies as well as fruits. There is no category for milk items, which are taken into consideration improper for human beings. The Chinese think a well balanced diet regimen will certainly include the adhering to food mixes daily: 40 percent grains, 30 to 40 percent veggies, 10 to 15 percent meats et cetera of the foods ought to be fruits as well as nuts.
In Chinese food treatment, foods are after that additional categorized by preference. The preferences are specified as poignant, salted, bitter, sour as well as wonderful. Each preference is thought to have a straight result on a body organ; when eaten in small amounts it profits the body organ, yet if over eaten, can create damaging impact to the body organ.
It's reasonable to claim the Chinese as well as fans of Chinese food treatment absolutely think you "are what you consume".
One straightforward instance of Chinese food treatment is the solution for a coughing. The watercress eliminates the too much quantity of yang in the body, while the duck gizzards are included to stabilize the yin yang of the dish.
Put in the time to gain from chinese recovery knowledge – you might simply be shocked just how it profits your wellness.
In significance, Chinese food treatment includes the usage of particular foods to help in the recovery of particular body conditions or aids in maintaining healthy and balanced various other physical features. Fans of food treatment think in the idea of yin and also yang in food; the yin foods are thought to decrease the body's metabolic process, or lower the body's warmth, while the yang foods are stated to boost the body's warmth or boost metabolic rate.
In Chinese food treatment, foods are after that additional categorized by preference.


Congratulations to all the Bloggy Giveaway Carnival Winners!
The winners have already been sent e-mails.
Hope your time with your dad is going great, and you are relaxing some as well. Take time and I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Just stopping by again today to check on you. Hope all is going well. See you soon.


Pressure switch from Turck has an operating range to 400 bar.
Accurate detection and display of system data is essential for optimizing process control. Turck, Plymouth, Minn., has introduced a versatile range of pressure switches that combine a sensitive piezoresistive measuring cell, microprocessor-based display, evaluation electronics, and a user-friendly operator interface.
The system is suited for relative pressure measurements, with operating ranges from 0 to 10, 40, 100, and 400 bar. The operating and display panel provides online pressure monitoring via a four-digit, seven-segment display; bargraph (10 LED) of active measuring range; programming and display in bar or psi; and identification of the two preset switching points. The pressure switches operate with 10 to 30 Vdc. Outputs are two-transistor pnp, short-circuit protected 200 mA.


A duration formatter will format numeric value into duration format, which is mostly used on a duration-based value axis.
Each of the codes can repeated as many times as needed. If the actual number is shorter than a number of digits, it will be padded with zeros.
As a note, the codes are a subset of available Date formatting pattern codes.
Text formatting codes, like [bold], can be used to format chunks of outputed text . Please refer to "Formatting Strings" for more details.
As we saw in our introductory article on Formatters, you can override global or local durationFormat with a DurationFormatter data field function formatDuration().


A 24″ deep solid roofed porch, shown here with incurved, wirework sides. The wirework sides have secondary inner frames at the front edges for added aesthetic and structural integrity. An ideal design to frame a town or country house doorway.
Our solid steel Scoop porch is hot dip zinc galvanized before painting matt Black or Grey, or can be Aged to achieve a mellow zinc patina that looks like a lead roof. We can reduce the standard 20" porch roof height to 12.5" if there is restricted height above your doorway, and modify the height of the sides. The porch roof projects 24" from the wall and has a front lip to guide rainwater sideways.
We didn't want a tiled timber porch or a double glazed one, so when we found Garden Requisites, we knew that this porch was the perfect design for us.
Width – Measure the width of the doorway from wall to wall. We would recommend a minimum overhang of 4"/10cms beyond both sides of the doorway.
Porch Height – Measure from ground level (where the porch sides will sit) to the top of the doorway (underside of the lintel). This will tell us what height the porch sides need to be.
If in doubt, call us as we will always advise and confirm porch dimensions prior to order. For more detailed advice, please get in touch.
Each porch is made in three sections: the roof and two side supports. Porches are made to order in our workshops and are despatched for re-assembly on site. The sides should be fixed to the porch roof prior to offering the porch against the façade for marking out and fixing. The porch roof top rail has several pre-drilled holes for receiving the hexagonal head coachscrews (supplied). The base of each side support can be adapted to suit the ground surface. We're happy to discuss specific design details and dimensions with you prior to placing your order.
We can arrange delivery throughout the United Kingdom. We use an independent courier that offer next day delivery. Porches are from £49.50, the price will depend on the number of items and weight of your order; we're happy to provide a quotation prior to placing your order. Once ready, we will contact you to arrange a convenient date for delivery.


text:
Q: Retrieve image from database in c# i have a table in my database in which contains an Image_ID, Image, Image_Name and Recipe_ID.
I am trying to edit these in a seperate form. So when a row in the dataGridView is selected it will open up in the edit form with the relevant areas filled out with data.
I am able to do it with all data apart from the Image. Obviously i need to somehow convert it as like i have done with the text fields but i have no idea on how to do so.
Edit Image Row
//Edit image row
        private void EditImageBtn_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                EditImageForm Image = new EditImageForm();

                Image.imageidTxt.Text = this.imageGridView.CurrentRow.Cells[0].Value.ToString();
                //Image.picImg.Text = this.imageGridView.CurrentRow.Cells[1].Value.ToString();
                Image.nameTxt.Text = this.imageGridView.CurrentRow.Cells[2].Value.ToString();
                Image.recipeCombo.Text = this.imageGridView.CurrentRow.Cells[3].Value.ToString();

                Image.ShowDialog();
                loadImageTable();
            }
            catch (Exception Ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(Ex.Message);
            }
        }

A: If your image is stored bytes, you can try something similar to the below to convert the bitmap to an Image type:
byte[] bitmap = this.imageGridView.CurrentRow.Cells[1].Value;
Image image = Image.FromStream(new MemoryStream(bitmap))

More info:
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/9t4syfhh.aspx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ADHD at Work
Finding Joy on the Job
Still searching for work that works for you? Let your strengths and passions lead the way to career success — just as these three adults with ADHD did.
By Blythe Grossberg, Psy.D. Verified Updated on February 9, 2021
All papers are labeled with a sticky note of what needs to be done with them to keep overwhelm away.
In the world of work, ADHD can present some daunting obstacles to career success. It's not easy to set and meet goals if there is a constant struggle to focus, set priorities, and avoid distractions that others easily tune out. How can you get things done if you can't get out from under your own desktop clutter? How do you follow through on critical work assignments and projects if your mind automatically moves on to something else?
No wonder workers with ADHD often fall short of expectations — their own and those of the boss.
But the struggle with deadlines or organization is only half of the story. Because, in addition to creating obstacles to job success, ADHD provides traits and skills employers admire — enthusiasm, extraordinary creativity, an entrepreneurial spirit, and, of course, the boundless energy for which individuals with ADHD are known. Workers who learn to capitalize on these strengths do very well, indeed.
In this article, we'll meet three people who — by dint of hard work, openness to new ideas, and help from others — overcame ADHD-related setbacks to forge productive, satisfying careers. Their names have been changed, but their remarkable stories shine through, serving as inspiration for every person with ADHD who has ever struggled to make a go of it on the job.
From Struggling Student to Top Attorney
If you saw Katherine L. now, you'd never guess that this articulate 40-something lawyer almost dropped out of high school. Growing up in a working-class area of Los Angeles, Katherine struggled in school. Her reading skills and memory were poor, and she was terribly restless. Teachers were unable, or unwilling, to help. "No one thought I could do much of anything," she says. "I got bored if I sat longer than 30 minutes."
[Get This Download: 8 Dream Jobs for Adults with ADHD]
After receiving her high school diploma, Katherine started working as a hairdresser. She spent several years hopping from job to job, and then enrolled in a local community college, where her academic difficulty resumed. Finally, at the urging of one of her professors, she got evaluated for learning problems and was told that her disability had a name: dyslexia.
Following her diagnosis, Katherine started allotting more time for the reading and writing required for her courses. Her grades improved. In fact, she did so well that she was able to transfer to a four-year college. She aced the LSATs, and, with the help of school accommodations, got into a prestigious law school. Soon thereafter, she was diagnosed with adult ADHD and started taking a stimulant medication.
Despite the medication, Katherine feared that she would flunk out. After class each day she made a beeline home, where she spent hour upon hour studying. The extra study time helped. So did substituting books on tape for ordinary textbooks. In addition, she began making PowerPoint presentations that summarized the readings. That helped improve her comprehension.
After graduating from law school, in 1998, Katherine won a grant that allowed her to develop a program that provides legal services to children with ADHD and LD. Today, she helps hundreds of low-income families get services for their kids — the kind of help that she had been denied. In addition to her work at the center, Katherine runs workshops about kids' legal rights with disabilities.
[Click to Download: 10 Rules for ADHD-Proof Productivity]
What's the secret of Katherine's success? Medication helped, of course. So did her ADHD-friendly study strategies. And Katherine was savvy enough to recognize that she'd do better in a job that was more — rather than less — demanding. (That's often the case with people with ADHD.) She initially considered paralegal work but doubts that she would have been able to keep all the paperwork organized. Being a lawyer suits her, she says, because "it's more big-picture than details. Law fits into the way I think, on five levels at the same time. I created the program and a job for myself. I can do 10 things at once, and I make it fun."
As soon as a case is assigned to her, Katherine breaks down the workload into discrete steps. That keeps her from feeling overwhelmed. "There are procedures I have to follow to get things done," she explains. "I have to start projects in enough time, and I can't take a shortcut." She still burns the midnight oil — but only because that's when her office is quietest.
Katherine continues to struggle with reading and writing. But she manages, with the help of a Kurzweil device, which reads aloud legal briefs — as well as with the help of colleagues, who proofread her briefs.
Katherine is passionate about work, and she gets a big charge out of helping children. "It's inspiring for a kid who has issues to find out that I graduated from law school after nearly flunking out of high school," she says.
Success — After 34 Different Jobs
In the two years since he hung out his shingle as a grant writer, Daniel G. has enjoyed remarkable success, winning $3.5 million for various community organizations. But Daniel's career path has not been a smooth one. "My working life has been like wandering in the desert," says the 43-year-old resident of the rural Southeast.
That's putting it mildly: Before becoming self-employed, Daniel tried 34 different jobs, including salesman, administrator, janitor, press helper, and landscaper. What made him keep switching jobs? Boredom, mostly. "I got the feedback in my old jobs that I was good at starting things but not at finishing projects," he says. "Being a self-employed grant writer is a way around that, because there are defined projects with a defined life to them."
Around the time he struck out on his own, Daniel read Driven to Distraction, by , and John Ratey, M.D. He realized at once that he had many of the traits described in the book. He consulted a doctor and, sure enough, was diagnosed with ADHD. Daniel had always considered it something that affects only children, but he began taking a stimulant medication and found that it helped him focus. He also started to ponder his work habits — the good and the not-so-good. "My lack of follow-through had always bothered me," he admits. "I felt like it was a moral failing. I didn't know that ADHD was the reason I got bored so quickly."
Now Daniel is convinced that ADHD makes him a better grant writer. "Having ADHD helps you make connections between things other people wouldn't see," he says. "I'm constantly scanning the environment, and I always notice opportunities for business." Like Katherine, Daniel enjoys seeing his work translate into tangible benefits for the community. "It's not just about dollars," he says. "My work has to be in line with my values."
With the encouragement of his ADHD coach, New York City-based Bonnie Mincu, Daniel starts each workday by setting goals. At first, he says, he was too optimistic about what he could accomplish. That led him to take on too much work — and to miss critical deadlines. Bonnie helped him pinpoint how much time to allot to various tasks. She also taught him how to break multi-step projects into their component parts and to predict the roadblocks he might encounter. His improved time management skills help him avoid taking on too many projects at once.
In addition to Bonnie, Daniel employs someone to help maintain his files. And each Saturday, Daniel meets with his "accountability partner," a friend who helps keep his career on track. "I'm honest with him, telling him about my failures and pointing out where I need to grow," Daniel explains.
Daniel says that one of the best aspects of self-employment is being able to juggle his schedule. The goal is to take advantage of the times of day when his concentration is at a peak. As he puts it, "I've finally given myself permission not to start work at 8:00 a.m." He often works late at night, when the quiet helps him focus. When he gets stuck on a particular problem, he goes for a run. If he has a "eureka moment" while running, he speaks into the tape recorder he carries with him. When he gets home he transfers his thoughts to paper so he can act on them.
In addition to his tape recorder and a PDA, Daniel uses Mindjet mind-mapping software and an Invisible Clock, a gadget that beeps or vibrates at preset intervals. "I play 'Beat the Clock,'" he explains. "I tell myself I can do a task for 15 minutes, and then I start the clock. Once I get started, I usually stay at it. I kind of trick myself."
Daniel is now working to secure a grant worth more than $1 million, and he doesn't plan on slowing down anytime soon. "I'm stimulated by learning," he says, "and grant writing is like being in school — you're learning all the time."
Having It All in Honolulu
For the past three years, Glen P. has earned a good living as a massage therapist. The Honolulu resident says the work is far more rewarding than his previous jobs, which included being a waiter and an executive at a property-management firm. "When I do massage, I have 100 percent positive feedback from every client interaction," he says.
Glen has always enjoyed giving massages, ever since he first tried it some 15 years ago. But until recently, his life outside work was a mess. "When I wasn't doing massage, it all fell apart," Glen recalls. "I was losing things — my appointment book, phone, wallet — and it got to be very disruptive."
Glen was afraid he might have a brain tumor. But a doctor identified the problem as ADHD. "The ADHD diagnosis gave me hope," Glen says. "I had the energy to do something about it." He started taking a stimulant, and, although he has mixed emotions about drug therapy, he calls the medication "a tool that enables me to learn and use new behaviors."
One problem Glen faced was burnout: He was on call day and night for 27 days a month — and he hadn't had a vacation in years. Glen was also grappling with a desperate financial situation. "I had a boom-and-bust practice," he says. "I was as much as 12 months behind in my insurance billing, and I had nothing to put in the bank after doing six massages per day. That was discouraging."
With the help of New York City-based coach Jennifer Koretsky, Glen revamped his scheduling and billing systems. Six months later, he felt less stressed, and his insurance reimbursements had risen 50 percent. Given his improved cash flow, he felt secure enough to spend time relaxing at the beach and to take a yoga class. He even allowed himself a month-long idyll in Italy — an indulgence he's continued every year since. "I now know that if I send each of my clients a postcard from Italy, my business will go right back to where it was when I return,"he says.
"I used to have a paper calendar," explains Glen, "but I could never find it when the phone rang." To solve the problem, he bought a smart phone and started making full use of its calendar feature, color-coding his appointments so he could tell at a glance which sessions took place in his office and which required travel. IT has proved useful in another way: to record Glen's frequent flashes of inspiration. "Before, by the time I got to my pen and pencil, the thought was gone," he explains. "So I started writing in my phone, which I always have on hand."
The changes have helped Glen experience a feeling that he gives his clients: bliss. "In massage, client and therapist focus on the same thing for an hour — it creates an amazing synergy," he says. "Now I have even more emotional energy at the end of the day than I did at the beginning."
[Get This Download: 10 Ways to Get Organized This Weekend]
Tags: ADHD coach, ADHD role models, June/July 2006 Issue of ADDitude Magazine, treating adults
10 Books Every Woman Should Read After Her ADHD Diagnosis
Perimenopause Problems: How Changing Hormones Exacerbate ADHD Symptoms
Your Brain's GPS Is Glitchy: Why Working Memory Fails and How to Bolster It
Why the ADHD Brain Chooses the Less Important Task — and How CBT Improves Prioritization Skills
How Self-Awareness Unlocks Change & Progress in the ADHD Brain
Intention Deficit Disorder: Why ADHD Minds Struggle to Meet Goals with Action
"I'm a U.S. Army Aviator — and I Have ADHD and Anxiety."
For Adults with ADD
Get things done, end clutter, improve relationships, fight shame & more.
You Throw, Girl: ADHD Role Model Wins Gold in Rio
I'm an ADHD Expert — and I Still Struggle With ADHD
8 Illuminating Insights Into ADHD: Making Sense of Your Brain


TWR-V2-3-5 Ramps Only 3' 5' 13 lbs.
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When permanent ramps are not available, the Silver Spring Aluminum Telescoping Wheelchair Track Ramps are an ideal solution. They can be set up to accommodate most four wheel wheelchairs and scooters, regardless of the distance between wheels, and are ideal for short rises such as porches, stairs, and curbs. Able to extend or contract to meet any mobility requirements, these tracks easily deploy and lock with the simple push of a button.


The SCA-361 three gauge Element console is newly redesigned and features the IQ-650 Element dive computer, a 5000psi/400bar (4350psi/300bar max) pressure gauge with temperature and a compass in a low-profile design. The computer console is a full-featured, user-friendly instrument with an innovative interface designed exclusively for divers.
The Element is an easy-to-use, single button, puck-style computer offering a myriad of dive data details plus some new features including a Deep Stop function all in an affordable package.
Several TUSA computers feature a deep stop function for additional safety. The deep stop mode is activated when a dive exceeds 80 FT (24M) for more than 1 second. Upon ascent, the computer will display a Deep Safety Stop screen and the recommended stop depth for a period of 2 minutes. This deep stop is highly recommended as additional opportunity to off-gas, but is not mandatory. If the diver chooses not to serve the stop it will not adversely affect the remaining No-Decompression Limits of the dive.
Buy TUSA Element 3Gge Console from Divers Supply at the best price. TUSA Element 3Gge Console comes with full Manufacturers warranty because Divers Supply is an authorized dealer for everything we sell.


Pakistan's flamboyant allrounder Shahid Afridi paid rich tributes to Bangladesh, which lost by just two runs to his team in the Asia Cup finals, saying the minnows were as good as the mighty Australians in the clash.
"It seemed as if we were playing against Australia in the final. Bangladesh have matured a lot as a team and it felt good to win such a hard final," Afridi told reporters after reaching his hometown last night from Dhaka.
Mohammad Hafeez, Younis Khan, Saeed Ajmal, Sarfraz Ahmed and Asad Shafiq were the other members of the victorious Pakistan team to return from Dhaka.
Speaking loudly to make his voice audible to the media as hundreds of people gathered at the Karachi airport to give a warm welcome to their heroes, Afridi said Pakistan may have won the final but still needed to improve in many areas.
"We need improvement in some areas and we need to produce more players. I would urge the cricket authorities to lay lot of stress on our domestic cricket and implement a 10-year plan so that we can get maximum number of quality players," Afridi said.
The players were greeted by loud slogans and fans dancing to fast beats at the airport. Other members of the team will reach Lahore today.
Afridi said he was impressed by the performance put up by Bangladesh and felt the Bangladesh Premier League had helped them a lot.
"I think by holding the BPL they did well and their players fought hard. I think we also need to make our domestic cricket as competitive as possible. We can look at the examples of the IPL and BPL while counting the benefits of such events," Afridi said.
Afridi said he felt happy that whenever he produced good bowling spells, the team did well.
"It feels good that whenever I bowl well we tend to win matches. I was struggling before the final and I worked hard in the nets so I am happy I could perform in the final and win the man of the match award," he said.
Afridi said it was up to the selectors to decide if there was need for changes in the team for one-day internationals and Twenty20 matches.
"T20 cricket is a totally different format of the game but yes I think that when players like Ahmed Shahzad, Nasir Jamshed and others have done well they should be given chances in T20 cricket," he said.
Asked if he would be ready to captain the side again if the board offered him the job for ODIs and T20s, Afridi at first ignored the question and than walked away after thanking the media.


Before you can begin any campaign your players are going to need characters! If you use the Starter Set this does come with pre-built characters so you can skip this step, but I have found that building characters really helps to engage new players and it helps inform good role-playing!
Before the character building session I make sure my players have decided on a Race and Class and ask them to write a couple of paragraphs for their backstory. For some the backstory comes easily for others they may need a little coaxing, try sending them a list of questions such as these to help guide players backstories. They can answer as many or as few questions as they like but it's usually enough to get the creative juices flowing! One of my players had a few basic ideas for their backstory but wasn't really sure how to flesh it out so with her permission I wrote one for her. This was actually pretty helpful for me as it made integrating her story into my campaign all that much easier!
Once a player has their backstory together I usually help them determine the best background for their character, but I mostly use backgrounds for the extra equipment and stats rather than ideals, flaws etc. as these are often naturally derived from the unique backstory written by the players. But if your players backstories aren't that in depth just yet, then by all means have them choose traits from those available in the Players Handbook. Whatever works for you and your players and gets everyone to the table is absolutely the best way to do things!
Helping my parents build their characters!
While working with my players to develop their backstories I always encourage them to come up with a secret or two that can be revealed mid-campaign or tie into the story some way. This helps to create a more engaging story with multi dimensional characters and everyone feels like they have a part to play in the story you're creating together.
Make sure your players tell you their secrets and how they would like them handled. Will you be the one to force a situation in which the secret is revealed? Or will they confess their darkest secrets to the other characters once they have built up trust?
So you've gathered all your players and they know who they want to be, now it's time for the nitty gritty: rolling those stats and filling in the character sheets! I like to do this with all my players at once, (although I have had to do it in smaller sessions of just one or two players too) at the start of session zero (More on session zero in the next instalment)! The players handbook (or basic rules) will take you through how to fill out your character sheets, I tend to guide my players through it section by section.
Before we start I provide each player with a pack, this consists of blank character sheets including spell sheets and background sheets as well as print outs of their race and class information. But to be honest a character sheet and class table would be sufficient. You could leave all this to the players to organise but I enjoy organising that sort of thing so I'm happy to do it!
I created my own printable class tables using the information supplied by DnD Beyond, you can view and print these for your own use if you'd like!
I created an ability score worksheet to easily calculate ability scores and modifiers, which you can view and print if you find it helpful!
A help sheet I created on actions available outside of combat. Pleas feel free to use if it's helpful!
I also include some scrap paper or a small notebook and a pencil. I even made my own D&D pencils!
Believe it or not there's more than one way to roll for stats so it's important to find a method that works for your group. There are two official ways to do this in the Players Handbook: put your fate in the hands of the dice gods, rolling for each stat and taking what you get, or using the pregenerated ability scores in the combinations of your choice.
Personally I find the fun of D&D is in the roll of the dice so I go with the first method but with a caveat… I use a modification inspired by Matthew Colville. If you haven't seen any of Matthew Colville's series on Running the Game, I highly recommend it, the man knows his stuff and I could listen to him talk about D&D all day! This is the video where he discusses rolling for stats and his personal take on it.
In this modification I have all players roll for their six stats as usual (roll 4 d6, add the 3 highest dice together), but at least two of the six stats need to be 15 or higher. If they are not, then we start all over again! This method ensures your characters aren't complete duds, whilst also leaving your stats to fate, more so than the pre-generated ability scores do at least. Your characters are meant to be heroes or at least have the potential to be heroes, so ensuring they are competent in at least two of the stats, helps to set them apart from the average townsfolk. It also helps even the playing field between characters in the case of one player rolling super high stats and another rolling super low!
If you choose to use the rolled method to determine ability scores, I've created a handy dandy worksheet you can print out for each player!
In the next instalment of D&D 101 we'll be discussing Session Zero! The session you should run before diving straight into a campaign!