text:
// Copyright 2022 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

/**
 * TrafficDataResponse.java
 *
 * This file was auto-generated from WSDL
 * by the Apache Axis 1.4 Mar 02, 2009 (07:08:06 PST) WSDL2Java emitter.
 */

package com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208;

/**
 * Contains forecasted and historical traffic volume data describing
 * a segment of traffic.
 */
public class TrafficDataResponse  implements java.io.Serializable {
    /* Time series of historical traffic ad opportunity counts.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any historical dates, or if no
     *                 historical data are available for the requested traffic
     * segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only. */
    private com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries historicalTimeSeries;

    /* Time series of forecasted traffic ad opportunity counts.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any future dates, or if no
     *                 forecasted data are available for the requested traffic
     * segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only. */
    private com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries forecastedTimeSeries;

    /* Time series of future traffic volumes forecasted to be sold.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any future dates, or if no
     *                 sell-through data are available for the requested
     * traffic segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only. */
    private com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries forecastedAssignedTimeSeries;

    /* The overall date range spanned by the union of all time series
     * in the response.
     *
     *
This is a summary field for convenience. The value
     * will be set such that the start date is
     *                 equal to the earliest start date of all time series
     * included, and the end date is equal to the
     *                 latest end date of all time series included.
     *
     *
If all time series fields are null, this field
     * will also be null.
     *                 This attribute is read-only. */
    private com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.DateRange overallDateRange;

    public TrafficDataResponse() {
    }

    public TrafficDataResponse(
           com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries historicalTimeSeries,
           com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries forecastedTimeSeries,
           com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries forecastedAssignedTimeSeries,
           com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.DateRange overallDateRange) {
           this.historicalTimeSeries = historicalTimeSeries;
           this.forecastedTimeSeries = forecastedTimeSeries;
           this.forecastedAssignedTimeSeries = forecastedAssignedTimeSeries;
           this.overallDateRange = overallDateRange;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return com.google.common.base.MoreObjects.toStringHelper(this.getClass())
            .omitNullValues()
            .add("forecastedAssignedTimeSeries", getForecastedAssignedTimeSeries())
            .add("forecastedTimeSeries", getForecastedTimeSeries())
            .add("historicalTimeSeries", getHistoricalTimeSeries())
            .add("overallDateRange", getOverallDateRange())
            .toString();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the historicalTimeSeries value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @return historicalTimeSeries   * Time series of historical traffic ad opportunity counts.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any historical dates, or if no
     *                 historical data are available for the requested traffic
     * segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries getHistoricalTimeSeries() {
        return historicalTimeSeries;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the historicalTimeSeries value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @param historicalTimeSeries   * Time series of historical traffic ad opportunity counts.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any historical dates, or if no
     *                 historical data are available for the requested traffic
     * segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public void setHistoricalTimeSeries(com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries historicalTimeSeries) {
        this.historicalTimeSeries = historicalTimeSeries;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the forecastedTimeSeries value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @return forecastedTimeSeries   * Time series of forecasted traffic ad opportunity counts.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any future dates, or if no
     *                 forecasted data are available for the requested traffic
     * segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries getForecastedTimeSeries() {
        return forecastedTimeSeries;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the forecastedTimeSeries value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @param forecastedTimeSeries   * Time series of forecasted traffic ad opportunity counts.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any future dates, or if no
     *                 forecasted data are available for the requested traffic
     * segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public void setForecastedTimeSeries(com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries forecastedTimeSeries) {
        this.forecastedTimeSeries = forecastedTimeSeries;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the forecastedAssignedTimeSeries value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @return forecastedAssignedTimeSeries   * Time series of future traffic volumes forecasted to be sold.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any future dates, or if no
     *                 sell-through data are available for the requested
     * traffic segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries getForecastedAssignedTimeSeries() {
        return forecastedAssignedTimeSeries;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the forecastedAssignedTimeSeries value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @param forecastedAssignedTimeSeries   * Time series of future traffic volumes forecasted to be sold.
     *
     *
This may be null if the requested date range did
     * not contain any future dates, or if no
     *                 sell-through data are available for the requested
     * traffic segment.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public void setForecastedAssignedTimeSeries(com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.TimeSeries forecastedAssignedTimeSeries) {
        this.forecastedAssignedTimeSeries = forecastedAssignedTimeSeries;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the overallDateRange value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @return overallDateRange   * The overall date range spanned by the union of all time series
     * in the response.
     *
     *
This is a summary field for convenience. The value
     * will be set such that the start date is
     *                 equal to the earliest start date of all time series
     * included, and the end date is equal to the
     *                 latest end date of all time series included.
     *
     *
If all time series fields are null, this field
     * will also be null.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.DateRange getOverallDateRange() {
        return overallDateRange;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the overallDateRange value for this TrafficDataResponse.
     *
     * @param overallDateRange   * The overall date range spanned by the union of all time series
     * in the response.
     *
     *
This is a summary field for convenience. The value
     * will be set such that the start date is
     *                 equal to the earliest start date of all time series
     * included, and the end date is equal to the
     *                 latest end date of all time series included.
     *
     *
If all time series fields are null, this field
     * will also be null.
     *                 This attribute is read-only.
     */
    public void setOverallDateRange(com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202208.DateRange overallDateRange) {
        this.overallDateRange = overallDateRange;
    }

    private java.lang.Object __equalsCalc = null;
    public synchronized boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj) {
        if (!(obj instanceof TrafficDataResponse)) return false;
        TrafficDataResponse other = (TrafficDataResponse) obj;
        if (obj == null) return false;
        if (this == obj) return true;
        if (__equalsCalc != null) {
            return (__equalsCalc == obj);
        }
        __equalsCalc = obj;
        boolean _equals;
        _equals = true &&
            ((this.historicalTimeSeries==null && other.getHistoricalTimeSeries()==null) ||
             (this.historicalTimeSeries!=null &&
              this.historicalTimeSeries.equals(other.getHistoricalTimeSeries()))) &&
            ((this.forecastedTimeSeries==null && other.getForecastedTimeSeries()==null) ||
             (this.forecastedTimeSeries!=null &&
              this.forecastedTimeSeries.equals(other.getForecastedTimeSeries()))) &&
            ((this.forecastedAssignedTimeSeries==null && other.getForecastedAssignedTimeSeries()==null) ||
             (this.forecastedAssignedTimeSeries!=null &&
              this.forecastedAssignedTimeSeries.equals(other.getForecastedAssignedTimeSeries()))) &&
            ((this.overallDateRange==null && other.getOverallDateRange()==null) ||
             (this.overallDateRange!=null &&
              this.overallDateRange.equals(other.getOverallDateRange())));
        __equalsCalc = null;
        return _equals;
    }

    private boolean __hashCodeCalc = false;
    public synchronized int hashCode() {
        if (__hashCodeCalc) {
            return 0;
        }
        __hashCodeCalc = true;
        int _hashCode = 1;
        if (getHistoricalTimeSeries() != null) {
            _hashCode += getHistoricalTimeSeries().hashCode();
        }
        if (getForecastedTimeSeries() != null) {
            _hashCode += getForecastedTimeSeries().hashCode();
        }
        if (getForecastedAssignedTimeSeries() != null) {
            _hashCode += getForecastedAssignedTimeSeries().hashCode();
        }
        if (getOverallDateRange() != null) {
            _hashCode += getOverallDateRange().hashCode();
        }
        __hashCodeCalc = false;
        return _hashCode;
    }

    // Type metadata
    private static org.apache.axis.description.TypeDesc typeDesc =
        new org.apache.axis.description.TypeDesc(TrafficDataResponse.class, true);

    static {
        typeDesc.setXmlType(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "TrafficDataResponse"));
        org.apache.axis.description.ElementDesc elemField = new org.apache.axis.description.ElementDesc();
        elemField.setFieldName("historicalTimeSeries");
        elemField.setXmlName(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "historicalTimeSeries"));
        elemField.setXmlType(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "TimeSeries"));
        elemField.setMinOccurs(0);
        elemField.setNillable(false);
        typeDesc.addFieldDesc(elemField);
        elemField = new org.apache.axis.description.ElementDesc();
        elemField.setFieldName("forecastedTimeSeries");
        elemField.setXmlName(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "forecastedTimeSeries"));
        elemField.setXmlType(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "TimeSeries"));
        elemField.setMinOccurs(0);
        elemField.setNillable(false);
        typeDesc.addFieldDesc(elemField);
        elemField = new org.apache.axis.description.ElementDesc();
        elemField.setFieldName("forecastedAssignedTimeSeries");
        elemField.setXmlName(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "forecastedAssignedTimeSeries"));
        elemField.setXmlType(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "TimeSeries"));
        elemField.setMinOccurs(0);
        elemField.setNillable(false);
        typeDesc.addFieldDesc(elemField);
        elemField = new org.apache.axis.description.ElementDesc();
        elemField.setFieldName("overallDateRange");
        elemField.setXmlName(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "overallDateRange"));
        elemField.setXmlType(new javax.xml.namespace.QName("https://www.google.com/apis/ads/publisher/v202208", "DateRange"));
        elemField.setMinOccurs(0);
        elemField.setNillable(false);
        typeDesc.addFieldDesc(elemField);
    }

    /**
     * Return type metadata object
     */
    public static org.apache.axis.description.TypeDesc getTypeDesc() {
        return typeDesc;
    }

    /**
     * Get Custom Serializer
     */
    public static org.apache.axis.encoding.Serializer getSerializer(
           java.lang.String mechType,
           java.lang.Class _javaType,
           javax.xml.namespace.QName _xmlType) {
        return
          new  org.apache.axis.encoding.ser.BeanSerializer(
            _javaType, _xmlType, typeDesc);
    }

    /**
     * Get Custom Deserializer
     */
    public static org.apache.axis.encoding.Deserializer getDeserializer(
           java.lang.String mechType,
           java.lang.Class _javaType,
           javax.xml.namespace.QName _xmlType) {
        return
          new  org.apache.axis.encoding.ser.BeanDeserializer(
            _javaType, _xmlType, typeDesc);
    }

}


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text:
Cellular respiration
Cellular enzymatic release of energy from compounds
Find sources: "Cellular respiration" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Typical eukaryotic cell
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.[1] The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process, as weak so-called "high-energy" bonds are replaced by stronger bonds in the products. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. Cellular respiration is considered an exothermic redox reaction which releases heat. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, most of which are redox reactions themselves. Although cellular respiration is technically a combustion reaction, it clearly does not resemble one when it occurs in a living cell because of the slow release of energy from the series of reactions.
Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and the most common oxidizing agent (electron acceptor) is molecular oxygen (O2). The chemical energy stored in ATP (its third phosphate group is weakly bonded to the rest of the molecule and is cheaply broken allowing stronger bonds to form, thereby transferring energy for use by the cell) can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes.
1 Aerobic respiration
1.1 Glycolysis
1.2 Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
1.3 Citric acid cycle
1.4 Oxidative phosphorylation
2 Efficiency of ATP production
3 Fermentation
4 Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration (red arrows) is the main means by which both fungi and animals utilize chemical energy in the form of organic compounds that were previously created through photosynthesis (green arrow).
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen (O2) in order to create ATP. Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are consumed as reactants, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondria in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The products of this process are carbon dioxide and water, but the energy transferred is used to break bonds in ADP as the third phosphate group is added to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2
Simplified reaction: C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) + heat
ΔG = −2880 kJ per mol of C6H12O6
The negative ΔG indicates that the reaction can occur spontaneously.
The potential of NADH and FADH2 is converted to more ATP through an electron transport chain with oxygen as the "terminal electron acceptor". Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative phosphorylation. This works by the energy released in the consumption of pyruvate being used to create a chemiosmotic potential by pumping protons across a membrane. This potential is then used to drive ATP synthase and produce ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. Biology textbooks often state that 38 ATP molecules can be made per oxidised glucose molecule during cellular respiration (2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport system).[2] However, this maximum yield is never quite reached because of losses due to leaky membranes as well as the cost of moving pyruvate and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix, and current estimates range around 29 to 30 ATP per glucose.[2]
Aerobic metabolism is up to 15 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 molecules ATP per 1 molecule glucose). However some anaerobic organisms, such as methanogens are able to continue with anaerobic respiration, yielding more ATP by using other inorganic molecules (not oxygen) as final electron acceptors in the electron transport chain. They share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post-glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells.
Glycolysis
Out of the cytoplasm it goes into the Krebs cycle with the acetyl CoA. It then mixes with CO2 and makes 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH. From there the NADH and FADH go into the NADH reductase, which produces the enzyme. The NADH pulls the enzyme's electrons to send through the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain pulls H+ ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain, the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. O2 attracts itself to the left over electron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
Main article: Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. This pathway can function with or without the presence of oxygen. In humans, aerobic conditions produce pyruvate and anaerobic conditions produce lactate. In aerobic conditions, the process converts one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (pyruvic acid), generating energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced, however, two are consumed as part of the preparatory phase. The initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to increase the reactivity (decrease its stability) in order for the molecule to be cleaved into two pyruvate molecules by the enzyme aldolase. During the pay-off phase of glycolysis, four phosphate groups are transferred to ADP by substrate-level phosphorylation to make four ATP, and two NADH are produced when the pyruvate are oxidized. The overall reaction can be expressed this way:
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 Pi + 2 ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H+ + 2 H2O + heat
Starting with glucose, 1 ATP is used to donate a phosphate to glucose to produce glucose 6-phosphate. Glycogen can be converted into glucose 6-phosphate as well with the help of glycogen phosphorylase. During energy metabolism, glucose 6-phosphate becomes fructose 6-phosphate. An additional ATP is used to phosphorylate fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-disphosphate by the help of phosphofructokinase. Fructose 1,6-diphosphate then splits into two phosphorylated molecules with three carbon chains which later degrades into pyruvate.
Glycolysis can be literally translated as "sugar splitting".[3]
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
Main article: Pyruvate decarboxylation
Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA and CO2 by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The PDC contains multiple copies of three enzymes and is located in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes. In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, one molecule of NADH and one molecule of CO2 is formed.
Citric acid cycle
Main article: Citric acid cycle
This is also called the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle. When oxygen is present, acetyl-CoA is produced from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, aerobic or anaerobic respiration can occur.[4] When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) inside the mitochondrial matrix, and is oxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation. To fully oxidize the equivalent of one glucose molecule, two acetyl-CoA must be metabolized by the Krebs cycle. Two waste products, H2O and CO2, are created during this cycle.
The citric acid cycle is an 8-step process involving 18 different enzymes and co-enzymes.[4] During the cycle, acetyl-CoA (2 carbons) + oxaloacetate (4 carbons) yields citrate (6 carbons), which is rearranged to a more reactive form called isocitrate (6 carbons). Isocitrate is modified to become α-ketoglutarate (5 carbons), succinyl-CoA, succinate, fumarate, malate, and, finally, oxaloacetate.
The net gain of high-energy compounds from one cycle is 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 GTP; the GTP may subsequently be used to produce ATP. Thus, the total yield from 1 glucose molecule (2 pyruvate molecules) is 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation
Main articles: Oxidative phosphorylation, Electron transport chain, Electrochemical gradient, and ATP synthase
In eukaryotes, oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondrial cristae. It comprises the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the boundary of inner membrane by oxidizing the NADH produced from the Krebs cycle. ATP is synthesized by the ATP synthase enzyme when the chemiosmotic gradient is used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP. The electrons are finally transferred to exogenous oxygen and, with the addition of two protons, water is formed.
Efficiency of ATP production
The table below describes the reactions involved when one glucose molecule is fully oxidized into carbon dioxide. It is assumed that all the reduced coenzymes are oxidized by the electron transport chain and used for oxidative phosphorylation.
coenzyme yield
ATP yield
Source of ATP
Glycolysis preparatory phase −2 Phosphorylation of glucose and fructose 6-phosphate uses two ATP from the cytoplasm.
Glycolysis pay-off phase 4 Substrate-level phosphorylation
2 NADH 3 or 5 Oxidative phosphorylation : Each NADH produces net 1.5 ATP (instead of usual 2.5) due to NADH transport over the mitochondrial membrane
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate 2 NADH 5 Oxidative phosphorylation
Krebs cycle 2 Substrate-level phosphorylation
6 NADH 15 Oxidative phosphorylation
2 FADH2 3 Oxidative phosphorylation
Total yield 30 or 32 ATP From the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule to carbon dioxide and oxidation of all the reduced coenzymes.
Although there is a theoretical yield of 38 ATP molecules per glucose during cellular respiration, such conditions are generally not realized because of losses such as the cost of moving pyruvate (from glycolysis), phosphate, and ADP (substrates for ATP synthesis) into the mitochondria. All are actively transported using carriers that utilize the stored energy in the proton electrochemical gradient.
Pyruvate is taken up by a specific, low Km transporter to bring it into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
The phosphate carrier (PiC) mediates the electroneutral exchange (antiport) of phosphate (H2PO4−; Pi) for OH− or symport of phosphate and protons (H+) across the inner membrane, and the driving force for moving phosphate ions into the mitochondria is the proton motive force.
The ATP-ADP translocase (also called adenine nucleotide translocase, ANT) is an antiporter and exchanges ADP and ATP across the inner membrane. The driving force is due to the ATP (−4) having a more negative charge than the ADP (−3), and thus it dissipates some of the electrical component of the proton electrochemical gradient.
The outcome of these transport processes using the proton electrochemical gradient is that more than 3 H+ are needed to make 1 ATP. Obviously this reduces the theoretical efficiency of the whole process and the likely maximum is closer to 28–30 ATP molecules.[2] In practice the efficiency may be even lower because the inner membrane of the mitochondria is slightly leaky to protons.[5] Other factors may also dissipate the proton gradient creating an apparently leaky mitochondria. An uncoupling protein known as thermogenin is expressed in some cell types and is a channel that can transport protons. When this protein is active in the inner membrane it short circuits the coupling between the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. The potential energy from the proton gradient is not used to make ATP but generates heat. This is particularly important in brown fat thermogenesis of newborn and hibernating mammals.
Stoichiometry of aerobic respiration and most known fermentation types in eucaryotic cell. [6] Numbers in circles indicate counts of carbon atoms in molecules, C6 is glucose C6H12O6, C1 carbon dioxide CO2. Mitochondrial outer membrane is omitted.
According to some of newer sources the ATP yield during aerobic respiration is not 36–38, but only about 30–32 ATP molecules / 1 molecule of glucose [6], because:
ATP : NADH+H+ and ATP : FADH2 ratios during the oxidative phosphorylation appear to be not 3 and 2, but 2.5 and 1.5 respectively. Unlike in the substrate-level phosphorylation, the stoichiometry here is difficult to establish.
ATP synthase produces 1 ATP / 3 H+. However the exchange of matrix ATP for cytosolic ADP and Pi (antiport with OH− or symport with H+) mediated by ATP–ADP translocase and phosphate carrier consumes 1 H+ / 1 ATP as a result of regeneration of the transmembrane potential changed during this transfer, so the net ratio is 1 ATP : 4 H+.
The mitochondrial electron transport chain proton pump transfers across the inner membrane 10 H+ / 1 NADH+H+ (4 + 2 + 4) or 6 H+ / 1 FADH2 (2 + 4).
So the final stoichiometry is
1 NADH+H+ : 10 H+ : 10/4 ATP = 1 NADH+H+ : 2.5 ATP
1 FADH2 : 6 H+ : 6/4 ATP = 1 FADH2 : 1.5 ATP
ATP : NADH+H+ coming from glycolysis ratio during the oxidative phosphorylation is
1.5, as for FADH2, if hydrogen atoms (2H++2e−) are transferred from cytosolic NADH+H+ to mitochondrial FAD by the glycerol phosphate shuttle located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
2.5 in case of malate-aspartate shuttle transferring hydrogen atoms from cytosolic NADH+H+ to mitochondrial NAD+
So finally we have, per molecule of glucose
Substrate-level phosphorylation: 2 ATP from glycolysis + 2 ATP (directly GTP) from Krebs cycle
2 NADH+H+ from glycolysis: 2 × 1.5 ATP (if glycerol phosphate shuttle transfers hydrogen atoms) or 2 × 2.5 ATP (malate-aspartate shuttle)
2 NADH+H+ from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and 6 from Krebs cycle: 8 × 2.5 ATP
2 FADH2 from the Krebs cycle: 2 × 1.5 ATP
Altogether this gives 4 + 3 (or 5) + 20 + 3 = 30 (or 32) ATP per molecule of glucose
These figures may still require further tweaking as new structural details become available. The above value of 3 H+/ATP for the synthase assumes that the synthase translocates 9 protons, and produces 3 ATP, per rotation. The number of protons depends on the number of c subunits in the Fo c-ring, and it is now known that this is 10 in yeast Fo[7] and 8 for vertebrates.[8] Including one H+ for the transport reactions, this means that synthesis of one ATP requires 1+10/3=4.33 protons in yeast and 1+8/3 = 3.67 in vertebrates. This would imply that in human mitochondria the 10 protons from oxidizing NADH would produce 2.72 ATP (instead of 2.5) and the 6 protons from oxidizing succinate or ubiquinol would produce 1.64 ATP (instead of 1.5). This is consistent with experimental results within the margin of error described in a recent review.[9]
The total ATP yield in ethanol or lactic acid fermentation is only 2 molecules coming from glycolysis, because pyruvate is not transferred to the mitochondrion and finally oxidized to the carbon dioxide (CO2), but reduced to ethanol or lactic acid in the cytoplasm.[6]
Main article: Fermentation
Without oxygen, pyruvate (pyruvic acid) is not metabolized by cellular respiration but undergoes a process of fermentation. The pyruvate is not transported into the mitochondrion, but remains in the cytoplasm, where it is converted to waste products that may be removed from the cell. This serves the purpose of oxidizing the electron carriers so that they can perform glycolysis again and removing the excess pyruvate. Fermentation oxidizes NADH to NAD+ so it can be re-used in glycolysis. In the absence of oxygen, fermentation prevents the buildup of NADH in the cytoplasm and provides NAD+ for glycolysis. This waste product varies depending on the organism. In skeletal muscles, the waste product is lactic acid. This type of fermentation is called lactic acid fermentation. In strenuous exercise, when energy demands exceed energy supply, the respiratory chain cannot process all of the hydrogen atoms joined by NADH. During anaerobic glycolysis, NAD+ regenerates when pairs of hydrogen combine with pyruvate to form lactate. Lactate formation is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase in a reversible reaction. Lactate can also be used as an indirect precursor for liver glycogen. During recovery, when oxygen becomes available, NAD+ attaches to hydrogen from lactate to form ATP. In yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate-level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen.
Fermentation is less efficient at using the energy from glucose: only 2 ATP are produced per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose nominally produced by aerobic respiration. This is because the waste products of fermentation still contain chemical potential energy that can be released by oxidation. Ethanol, for example, can be burned in an internal combustion engine like gasoline. Glycolytic ATP, however, is created more quickly. For prokaryotes to continue a rapid growth rate when they are shifted from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions. For multicellular organisms, during short bursts of strenuous activity, muscle cells use fermentation to supplement the ATP production from the slower aerobic respiration, so fermentation may be used by a cell even before the oxygen levels are depleted, as is the case in sports that do not require athletes to pace themselves, such as sprinting.
Anaerobic respiration
Main article: Anaerobic respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor (such as oxygen) to produce large amounts of energy, to drive the bulk production of ATP.
Anaerobic respiration is used by some microorganisms in which neither oxygen (aerobic respiration) nor pyruvate derivatives (fermentation) is the final electron acceptor. Rather, an inorganic acceptor such as sulfate or nitrate is used. Such organisms are typically found in unusual places such as underwater caves or near hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the ocean.
Maintenance respiration: maintenance as a functional component of cellular respiration
Pasteur point
Respirometry: research tool to explore cellular respiration
Tetrazolium chloride: cellular respiration indicator
Complex 1: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductes
^ Bailey, Regina. "Cellular Respiration". Archived from the original on 2012-05-05.
^ a b c Rich, P. R. (2003). "The molecular machinery of Keilin's respiratory chain". Biochemical Society Transactions. 31 (Pt 6): 1095–1105. doi:10.1042/BST0311095. PMID 14641005.
^ Reece1 Urry2 Cain3 Wasserman4 Minorsky5 Jackson6, Jane1 Lisa2 Michael3 Steven4 Peter5 Robert6 (2010). Campbell Biology Ninth Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. p. 168.
^ a b "Cellular Respiration" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-05-10.
^ Porter, R.; Brand, M. (1 September 1995). "Mitochondrial proton conductance and H+/O ratio are independent of electron transport rate in isolated hepatocytes". The Biochemical Journal (Free full text). 310 (Pt 2): 379–382. doi:10.1042/bj3100379. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1135905. PMID 7654171.
^ a b c Stryer, Lubert (1995). Biochemistry (fourth ed.). New York – Basingstoke: W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0716720096.
^ Stock D, Leslie AG, Walker JE (1999). "Molecular architecture of the rotary motor in ATP synthase". Science. 286: 1700–5. doi:10.1126/science.286.5445.1700. PMID 10576729. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Watt, I.N., Montgomery, M.G., Runswick, M.J., Leslie, A.G.W., Walker, J.E. (2010). "Bioenergetic Cost of Making an Adenosine Triphosphate Molecule in Animal Mitochondria". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 107: 16823. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011099107. PMC 2947889. PMID 20847295. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ P.Hinkle (2005). "P/O ratios of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1706: 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.09.004. PMID 15620362.
A detailed description of respiration vs. fermentation
Kimball's online resource for cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation at Clermont College
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Resources in your library
Metabolism, catabolism, anabolism
Metabolic network
Primary nutritional groups
Glycolysis → Pyruvate decarboxylation → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + ATP synthase)
Electron acceptors are other than oxygen
Glycolysis → Substrate-level phosphorylation
Protein metabolism
Protein synthesis
(carbohydrate catabolism
and anabolism)
Glycolysis ⇄ Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis ⇄ Glycogenesis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fructolysis
Galactolysis
N-linked
O-linked
Nonhuman
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Carbon fixation
Xylose metabolism
Radiotrophism
(lipolysis, lipogenesis)
Fatty acid degradation (Beta oxidation)
Fatty acid synthesis
Steroid metabolism
Sphingolipid metabolism
Eicosanoid metabolism
Reverse cholesterol transport
Amino acid synthesis
Urea cycle
Purine metabolism
Nucleotide salvage
Pyrimidine metabolism
Metal metabolism
Iron metabolism
Ethanol metabolism
Metabolism map
Photo-
Pentose
Citric
acid cycle
Glyoxylate
Peroxisomal
Glyco-
genolysis
lysis
Gluconeo-
decarb-
oxylation
Keto-
feeders to
Direct / C4 / CAM
carbon intake
Light reaction
deamination
Citrate
Lipogenesis
Lipolysis
Steroidogenesis
MVA pathway
MEP pathway
Shikimate
Transcription &
Glycosyl-
ation
Double/multiple
sugars & glycans
Inositol-P
Amino sugars
& sialic acids
Nucleotide sugars
Hexose-P
Triose-P
P-glycerates
Pentose-P
Tetrose-P
Propionyl
-CoA
Succinate
Acetyl
Photosystems
Lactate
Oxalo-
Succinyl
α-Keto-
glutarate
Ketone
Serine group
Branched-chain
Homoserine
& lysine
& proline
& polyamines
Ketogenic &
glucogenic
Aromatic amino
acids & histidine
(vitamin C)
δ-ALA
Hemes
Cobalamins (vitamin B12)
vitamin Bs
Calciferols
(vitamin D)
Retinoids
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Quinones (vitamin K)
& carotenoids (vitamin E)
Cofactors
& minerals
Nucleotides
Nucleic
Glycoproteins
& proteoglycans
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Polyketides
Terpenoid
backbones
Terpenoids
& carotenoids (vitamin A)
Bile acids
Glycero-
Glycerolipids
Acyl-CoA
sphingolipids
& thyroid hormones
Endo-
Eicosanoids
Major metabolic pathways in metro-style map. Click any text (name of pathway or metabolites) to link to the corresponding article.
Single lines: pathways common to most lifeforms. Double lines: pathways not in humans (occurs in e.g. plants, fungi, prokaryotes). Orange nodes: carbohydrate metabolism. Violet nodes: photosynthesis. Red nodes: cellular respiration. Pink nodes: cell signaling. Blue nodes: amino acid metabolism. Grey nodes: vitamin and cofactor metabolism. Brown nodes: nucleotide and protein metabolism. Green nodes: lipid metabolism.
Metabolism portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cellular_respiration&oldid=901951109"
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter

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The concrete sofa in the middle of Langestraat is one of the iconic impressions of the city.
This page contains a single entry from the blog posted on March 9, 2011 8:10 AM.
The previous post in this blog was Children playing in the fountain.
The next post in this blog is Reading the paper.


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Nice job putting this together. Decided to use a close up to test the latest Blender Advanced Script.
Hi SafePit. Awesome image. What did you use to render this and how did you manage to export such a large file from Mecabricks?
@Superdooperhero I rendered it with Blender 2.80 using the latest Advance Script on my MacBook. Exported fine, but was dog slow setting the scene up. The render itself took quite some time, but still faster then any of my old POV Renders.
You should try Octane for Blender. Octane is insanely fast. I think it works with Blender and I think you can get a free version if you only have one graphics card (or perhaps two).


Established as a primary school in 1974, today Sharjah English School [SES] provides the full spectrum of educational provision to children between 3 and 19. A traditional British school, SES follows the English National Curriculum to GCE A' Level, eschewing recent trends to diversity post-16 provision with the International Baccalaureate. The school is newly sited in (beautiful and inspirational) grounds and buildings near University City and has both a breadth and quality of facilities to compete well with Tier 1 schools.
Facilities include a sports hall, swimming pool, (truly impressive and extensive) grassed playing areas, 400-seat performing arts auditorium and suites, library, ICT Suite, learning support rooms, dedicated music rooms, gym, extensive design and technology suites and recent prayer rooms, the latter a key lever to improve and enhance Islamic educational provision.
A house system, typical of English public schools, divides students into four houses, these named after Charles Doughty, Richard Burton, TE Lawrence and Baroness Wentworth. The result is not simply word play but a real foundation stone of the school's warmth and fellowship, one upon which much of the school's atmosphere hangs and takes its force.
With only around 600 students, and notwithstanding its announced plans to grow, the school has all the qualities off the best small schools including genuine warmth, intimacy and a genuine a palpable, real sense of community. Its winning combination of facilities, leadership, intimacy, (significant) academic success and small school feel make it a compelling option for prospective parents. The school sits comfortably top of many parental shortlists, and particularly those of British children, for good reason.
The Sharjah English School Sixth Form opened late in the school's history in 2008. Class sizes are small, a real positive, but compared with Dubai's new Tier 1 schools, and to some degree by the schools (I)GCSE standards, subjects are surprisingly limited. The lack of Economics, Government & Politics or Psychology options, for example, are significant. This is probably reflected in an unusual "plea" to existing students not to move schools at Sixth Form; there is an obvious draw at this age, given the relative weakness of choice, to Dubai's stronger Sixth Form offerings. Economics, at least an option at (I)GCSE, is heavily compromised as the timetable does not allow students to choose both it and its obvious stablemate Business Studies. Prospective parents should also be wary that, at A Level, there is no guarantee that any of the advertised options will be finally offered; there have to be sufficient numbers to justify their provision. For whichschooladvisor there are clear problems with the functioning and breadth off curriculum provision at both levels, very surprising failings for a critical part of any school's operations, but particularly troubling for a school of this quite exceptional caliber. Elsewhere, the provision of extra-curricular activities, and whole child approach to personal development is faultless.
Admission is competitive and there are waiting lists in some year groups. The school openly advertises that priority may be given in the application procedures to UK passport holders (as well as families of its sponsoring companies and children with siblings already in the school). Admissions open each January for the following school year. The school weights highly the attitude (commitment and passion) of children, whether internal or external applicants, in weighing up whether to accept them for Sixth Form.
The school is not transparent and does not publish data, raw or analysed, on examination performance on its otherwise informative web site. Current examination data is drawn from 2011 and of limited value. Value added calculations are also not made, though these are perhaps less important in a selective school where the baseline is already high. Report and inspection information is out-of-date through no fault of the school and prospective parents have little to base decisions on than reputation; a visit to the school to delve deeper is absolutely necessary. Online media development for both pupils, parents (prospective and existing) is also not as developed as other high calibre schools, particularly in Dubai, where Facebook, for example, is increasingly leveraged as a channel of communications. Published newsletters are, however, excellent and some limited performance data on (excellent) examination results (only to 2014) can be found here with some laboured research in the archive section of the site. The school does not publish its fee structure. As a whole whichschooladvisor believe that all schools, but particularly those in Sharjah where there is currently no Inspection Regime, are under a duty of care to be transparent and in this area, it believes, Sharjah English School lets itself down.
There is much to recommend the Sharjah English School. For its combination of scale, academics and cultural Britishness it operates as a one off in the UAE and is unmatched. For many parents, that uniqueness makes it no less than the "dream school." However, there are trade-offs, and it is a shame that many of these could be resolved by the school, notwithstanding its size, if it had the inclination.


Some of our friends, associates, suppliers and interests. Follow them all on social media for updates and more!
Dunkeld's bike shop providing a quality blend of bike, clothing and footwear sales, hire and servicing. Uplift, guiding, coaching and holiday bike camps for kids along with trail info and conditions - make sure to drop in if your in the area for or with bikes.
Combining the worlds fastest growing watersport with the stunning Scottish landscape - was always going to be good! Lessons and hire available throughout the country. Book, pick up and drop-off with us at In Situ Climbing in Dunkeld or delivery available across Perthshire.
Providing guided canyoning trips covering all abilities from beginner to advanced throughout Scotland and beyond. With extra passion - highly skilled instructors will teach you how to move safely in the canyon environment; how to jump, slide, abseil yourself and they'll make sure you will have the trip of a lifetime!
A micro ski company based in Birnam, Scotland - a short stroll from the shop. Award winning custom handmade skis that blend traditional and modern materials and techniques.


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Maybe it's too early to call it a day (Weather Canada issued snowfall warnings for the next 24 hours), but, I was just outside and noticed that the sky is almost cloudless. Or maybe this is the typical 'calm before the storm'.
We had quite the share of snow a couple of days ago and then some more this morning (and early noon), which didn't stop us from venturing out to the mall, and way before that, the traditional shoveling. I was smart enough to shovel most of the snow last night.
Talking about that mall (the Truro Mall, that is, and yes, they're online too): I noticed that two major stores are relocating to elsewhere in town, making the mall a perfect location for the zombie movie series 'Dawn of the Dead: Alive in Hubtown (part IX)'. Soon in a theatre near you, I hope.
Update (01/01/08): No extra snow for this region. Apparently plenty of snow in Cape Breton.
This entry was posted in Truro NS and tagged snowstorm, Truro, zombies on December 31, 2007 by Arthur.
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Getting the customer the very most for their money with a solid reputation.
Staining, Spraying, restorations.We love what we do and it shows.


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Ukraine death toll grows after fragile peace deal signed
Published by Business Insider on Fri, 13 Feb 2015
Donetsk (Ukraine) (AFP) - At least 15 people have been killed in east Ukraine in new shelling despite the signing of a peace deal to end the 10-month conflict.Pro-Moscow rebels and government officials said Friday that seven civilians were killed across the conflict zone during the past 24 hours while Ukraine's military said eight soldiers lost their lives. The unrest came as Europe warned Russia it risked fresh sanctions if the fighting did not stop.The rebels and Kiev agreed a peace plan Thursday after marathon talks in the Belarussian capital Minsk between the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, France and Germany.A ceasefire across the conflict zone is meant to start at midnight Ukraine time Sunday (2200 GMT Saturday) with both sides supposed to begin pulling back heavy weaponry from along the frontline no later than two days after that.The fragile agreement is seen as the best hope of ending the conflict, which has killed at least 5,480 people and ratcheted East-West tensions to highs not seen since the Cold War, but skepticism remains high after the collapse of a similar previous peace plan.Kiev and the West accuse Russia of stoking the war in ex-Soviet Ukraine by pouring arms and troops to help the pro-Russian rebels fighting Kiev government troops in Ukraine's industrial east. Moscow denies the charges.Speaking late Thursday after a European Union summit in Brussels, German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned Russia that the bloc, which has already slapped Moscow with sanctions over the crisis, was not ruling out further measures if the truce failed."If it works well we would be very happy to go with the agreement. If there are difficulties we wouldn't rule out other sanctions," she said.French President Francois Hollande, who along with Merkel attended the 17-hour talks in Minsk that also included Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko, agreed.If the truce was not respected, "we would return to a process... of sanctions that would be in addition to those already in place."- Fighting around key town -In the run-up to the truce, Ukraine's military said Friday that fighting remained fiercest around the key strategic town of Debaltseve.Ukraine said rebels had fired missiles at the beleaguered railway hub, mid-way between the main separatist bastions of Donetsk and Lugansk.An AFP journalist in the rebel capital of Donetsk said that sporadic missile salvos and dozens of artillery bombardments could be heard around the city early Friday morning.The Ukrainian government on Thursday accused Russia of deploying another 50 tanks across the border during the talks in Minsk. The United States, which has said it could supply Ukraine with weapons if the conflict continues, cautiously welcomed the peace accord, but emphasised the work yet to be done in making it stick."The true test of today's accord will be in its full and unambiguous implementation," the White House said, including "restoration of Ukrainian control over its border with Russia."The Kremlin said that it had supported an immediate ceasefire but rebels had pushed for a delay in the start of the truce.Putin "put in quite a bit of effort to persuade the rebels to sign the document," spokesman Dmitry Peskov was quoted as saying Friday by the Kommersant daily.A Ukrainian source, however, told AFP that Russia initially called for the start of the ceasefire to be delayed for a week.Rebel leaders -- seen by the West as Kremlin puppets -- have said that the new deal raises hopes of peace but warned there would be no more talking if it fails.- Long roadmap to peace -The new Minsk agreement is broadly similar to an earlier failed deal in September, except that the new heavy weapons-free zone will be 50 to 70 kilometres (31-43 miles) wide, depending on the range of the weapon, double the width of the buffer zone agreed in September.Kiev will also begin retaking control over the approximately 400-kilometre (250 mile) stretch of Russia's border with rebel-held Ukraine, but only after local elections are held.The border is entirely under Russian and pro-Russian rebel control and is used, according to Kiev, as a conduit for separatist supplies. The Kremlin denies this but has opposed Ukraine being allowed to regain control of the frontier.Separatist-held territories will be granted a degree of autonomy to be established through talks, and the right to decide which language they use.In a much-needed boost for Ukraine's failing economy the IMF announced a Thursday new financial rescue plan worth $17.5 billion, taking the total international aid the country will receive over the next four years to 440 billion (35 billion euros).Join the conversation about this story
Linda Ikeji Headlines Today
Cristiano Ronaldo 'to face a 25 per cent pay cut next season should Man United fail to qualify for the Champions League
Till I die, I will never forget this incident - Traumatized father of 5-year-old Hanifa Abubakar kidnapped and killed by her teacher in Kano says (video)
Surely, love is a kind of blackmail' - Ousmane Dembele hits back at Barcelona after being told to choose between signing new contract or leaving club immediately
AMCON takes over IBEDC
China brings back anal swab testing for Covid two weeks before Winter Olympics begin
Man who was switched at birth says he resented his mother for not swapping him back as he grew up poor while the other child grew up rich
Even in Israel from where you got the name Jehovah Jireh, their govt and not prayer is tackling the high rate of hunger - Journalist Agba Jalingo tells Nigerian Christians
American business woman, Martha Stewart tells Ellen DeGeneres she has been struck by lightning 3 times
Click to view all Linda Ikeji headlines today
Linda Ikeji Headlines Yesterday
Be fair in your assessment of my government- President Buhari tells Nigerians
Suspected ritual killer arrested in Imo (photos)
See the Mammoth crowd that welcomed President Buhari in Kaduna today (video)
Young Nigerian boy slaps and punches his girlfriend for refusing to open her phone for him (Disturbing video)
Update: Kidnappers killed 5-year-old Kano girl, chopped her body into pieces and buried it despite collecting ransom
NITEL workers killed as telecom mast collapses in Benue
EFCC docks woman over N32m oil scam in Kano
President Buhari narrates how he narrowly escaped being killed in a bomb blast on Kawo bridge
This year bad and fake people will die on top my matter - Actor Kolawole Ajeyemi says after social media users claimed his wife, Toyin Abraham bought him his new car
Click to view all Linda Ikeji headlines yesterday


This is fantastic. I have been waiting / putting this off for soooo long. Videos, I mean. I have wanted to post videos, but I was also waiting for it to be perfect. Better camera, cleaner shop, more experience with camera, the best software/lighting/this and that….. The thing about perfection is that it's unattainable and it's important to remember that. After all, we're only human….
Click Here to watch Today's Video!!!
The first step, as in any turning project was to find center on both ends of the blank. Then it goes onto the lathe. I started out by rough turning the blank to a cylinder and then began my shaping. I knew that I was planning on giving this mallet away and wanted to make sure I was producing a quality piece while also learning new skills on the lathe. I am very pleased with the end result and I am looking forward to making more turned projects in the future.
As I stated in the video, this Mallet will be part of a giveaway that I will be announcing this Wednesday – January 10. Keep your eye on Instagram and Facebook for the details. I will discuss it a little more on Wednesday's video and I'm honestly excited to be giving this Mallet to someone who will enjoy it for years to come.
New video will be up tomorrow, along with another post here to accompany it. And I will be showing some additional content on Facebook and Instagram – So be sure to Like and Follow to see what's going on in the shop.
Please Like us on Facebook, Follow us on Instagram, Subscribe to our channel on Youtube and comment – I will respond to every comment and inquiry I can as soon as I can. Thank you for stopping by today, and I look forward to another video and exciting day tomorrow!!


Heath Ledger's Lookalike Daughter Matilda Celebrates Her Birthday – See Their Cutest Father-Daughter Photos!
Matilda Ledger is already 10 years old! Michelle Williams' daughter with the late Heath Ledger was all smiles when she stepped out on her birthday with her mother in Beverly Hills. The older she gets, the more she looks like her father! Click through to see her cutest moments with her dad before his tragic death.
The cutie celebrated her birthday by rocking a trendy red T-shirt and jeans, while her mother donned a black leather jacket with white pants.
Matilda was certainly a daddy's girl! The cutie held her father's leg as they walked through New York City back in 2007.
Family fun! The little one seemed thrilled to ride her father's shoulders during a big apple stroll.
The actor passed away from a drug overdose in 2008 when Matilda was only 2 years old.
Do you think Matilda looks like her late father? Tell us in the comments below or tweet @OKMagazine.


text:
Baradat-Esteve fou una marca catalana d'automòbils, fabricats el 1922 a Barcelona per l'empresa Cortina, Baradat y Esteve. Fundada pels enginyers Claudi i Carles Baradat, amb el suport dels financers Cortina i Frederic Esteve, l'empresa va tancar aquell mateix any després d'haver produït un total de dotze unitats del seu únic model. L'únic model Baradat-Esteve fou exhibit al Saló de l'Automòbil de Barcelona de 1922. D'aspecte convencional, el vehicle muntava però un motor radial, obra dels germans Baradat, que s'havia fet servir abans com a motor d'aviació. El motor cubicava 2.000 cc i lliurava 110 CV.

Referències

Fabricants d'automòbils barcelonins desapareguts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Need new buddy for your cooking hobby? Check out this 3-piece kitchen utensil set, black now $1. Offer is good for a limited time only.
Terrible. Long queues everywhere. Awful service (read none). Tried to get delivery (large piece of furniture). All booked in, never arrived. Kept being promised. Lost 3 Saturdays in my life! Ended up going to a great shop in Crows Nest instead, a very different experience. Won't got back......ever! i suppose at a push they are OK for temporary pieces of furniture, but be sure to have a large car or truck to take it with you else you will never get it.


Before discussing the specific aspects of any particular holiday, it is important to understand the uniquely Jewish perspective of time as well as holidays in general. The world at large views time essentially as a straight line. The present moment is a unique point along this line that never existed before and will never exist again. The past is completely finished and the future is yet to occur.
The Jewish model of time is a spiral. While time is certainly moving forward, it progresses ahead specifically through a seasonal cycle. Each year we pass through the same seasonal coordinates that are imbued with whatever spiritual potentials were initially established within them.
This is the significance of the Jewish holidays. They serve as signposts on the spiral of time to teach us which specific quality has been embedded into that particular season. When the Jewish people left Egypt at Passover time, for example, it showed us that both physical and spiritual freedom are incorporated within the fabric of every springtime. Whenever our cyclical journey through time encounters a holiday, therefore, we directly re-experience the quality of that time. In addition, whatever it is that originally occurred at that time actually occurs again every single year. Thus, every holiday is a metaphysical window of opportunity.
So, the key question regarding every holiday is — What is the particular opportunity that it presents us with? There are three clues which help us to uncover the meaning of each holiday.
First, what was the actual historical event that occurred the first time that this day was significant? And what was its metaphysical impact upon the Jewish people and the world? This is the most obvious question to ask. As we explained, it is specifically this metaphysical impact that recurs every subsequent year at the same time. This is what the holiday actually consists of.
Second, what are the various mitzvot, Rabbinical guidelines, and customs of the holiday?
If the Torah or the Rabbis tell us to do certain activities or to refrain from others during the holiday, clearly these do's and don'ts are designed to help us access its opportunity. Even the customs, developed from the subconscious of the Jewish people over the centuries, are rooted in an awareness of the unique potential of these days. The more one understands the particular tools that are appropriate for each holiday, the more one will understand the opportunities themselves that these tools are designed to access.
And, finally, what is the name of the holiday?
Judaism views Hebrew names as having tremendous significance. Far from merely serving as convenient labels, Hebrew names both identify and express the underlying essence of whatever it is that they are describing.
With these three clues to guide us, we can now begin to unravel the various layers of meaning and significance within each of the Jewish holidays.


TaylorMade Golf is the dominant metalwood manufacturer, achieving phenomenal on course and marketplace success over the past two years with the R11/R11s/Burner 2.0/RocketBallz white headed clubs. The introduction of RocketBladez irons is meant to do the same in the iron market segment.
According to the company president Mark King, the new line of irons will be a game-changer in terms of performance and take TMaG to the top position in irons.
However neither marketing nor hyperbole is a substitute for the result after a club strikes a golf ball. The reason golfers buy it is because it performs – plain and simple.
With that in mind, RocketBladez irons according to TMaG, hit the ball further and they back that claim up with their extensive testing plus they say the new irons give the control and feel required by pros and better players. To achieve this double whammy TaylorMade figured out how to put a 2mm polyurethane-filled slot behind the clubface, a first in iron design, and similar to the slot found in the RocketBallz fairways everyone raves about. This slot or 'Speed Pocket' appears in the 3- through 7-irons and works in conjunction with their proprietary inverted cone shape behind the clubface and high MOI from redistributed weight.
At impact the Speed Pocket allows the clubface to flex providing a trampoline effect to the ball which launches higher than other iron designs and goes further too.
The heads of both the Tour and regular RocketBladez models are cast rather than forged to facilitate inclusion of the slot. That's correct, cast not forged. The fact is and contrary to popular opinion, it's virtually impossible to tell the difference between a typical forged iron and properly designed cast iron.
Both RocketBladez models have a redistributed weight placement, milled grooves and face texture with the Tour model having a thinner top line and less offset. And since bending cast irons for precise fitting is difficult there's a notch on the hosel to make bending to a player's specifications more readily accomplished.
TaylorMade has the reputation of making very good players irons but not necessarily ones for less accomplished golfers though the purchase of Adams Golf certainly changes that given Adams strength in the seniors and ladies segments. Company officials are frank when describing their plan namely to be as big a factor in the iron business as they are in metalwoods and in my opinion the RocketBladez are a good start to achieving that goal. TMaG has a track record of product innovation most recently with the R11/Burner 2.0/RocketBallz lines but also back to 2004 when they were the first to make metalwoods adjustable to player preference and even back to the Pittsburgh Persimmon, another game-changer.
RocketBladez will be available Dec. 1 with a SRP of $799 (steel shafts) and $899 (graphite). The Tour model debuts Feb.1 at $899 with steel shafts.


Marquette volleyball brought their overall record to 3-3 this season with two victories and a loss over the weekend at the Hampton Inn Invitational in Indianapolis.
The Golden Eagles' first win of the invitational was a 3-0 (25-14, 26-24, 25-16) convincing sweep over Miami (Ohio) on Friday night. Marquette then fell 3-2 (25-20, 25-18, 20-25, 18-25, 17-19) to Wichita State on Saturday morning before beating hosts IUPUI 3-1 (25-19, 22-25, 25-22, 25-16) to wrap up the tournament on Saturday evening.
Jenna Rosenthal and Allie Barber led the Golden Eagles offensively, and were each named to the All-Tournament team. Rosenthal finished the tournament with 45 kills, while Barber finished with 56 kills. Both Rosenthal (26) and Barber (20) set career highs in kills in Marquette's loss to Wichita State.
Marquette ran into some trouble with Miami (Ohio) in a back-and-forth second set on Friday evening, but took the set from the Redhawks 26-24. They then easily sealed the match with a 25-16 third set victory. Sophomore setter Lauren Speckman finished the match with 36 assists.
"I thought Lauren did a good job getting everyone involved early and often and our ball handlers did a good job against a tough serving team," Marquette head coach Ryan Theis told gomarquette.com.
Wichita State was Marquette's toughest opponent on the weekend, as they had received votes in last week's top-25 coaches poll. The Golden Eagles slowed down the Shocker's offensive attack by limiting them to a .207 hitting percentage, but despite 26 kills from Barber and 20 more kills from Rosenthal, Marquette couldn't pull of the victory, falling 17-19 in the fifth and final set.
In the final game of the tournament against IUPUI, the second set was once again a problem for Marquette. They won the first set 25-19, but dropped the second set 22-25. In the third set the teams were knotted up at 21, when Barber and freshman Hope Werch helped score the games final four points as Marquette secured the 25-22 victory. The fourth set was no problem for the Golden Eagles, as they won 25-16.
After being on the road for the first six matches of the season, both trips together spanning more than 8,900 miles, Marquette will finally host their home opener at the Al McGuire Center Friday night at 7 p.m against win-less Loyola Chicago.


text:
Brent Thomson
Before Peak, Brent worked in sales and sales-leadership positions for 18 years. He has considerable experience building and running high-performance teams, which consistently won awards and exceeded sales targets. He was Vice President of Sales for a financial management consulting company, and served with Borland Software as a Regional Sales Manager.
Boosting Sales Team Morale When No One is Buying
by Brent Thomson | Apr 15, 2020 | Sales Management Articles
Let's face it, if your business is not in video communications, medical devices, insurance, or cyber security, sales are likely to be lousy during the COVID-19 pandemic. That means the majority of sales leaders are left to answer and solve two difficult questions: 1....
by Brent Thomson | Jan 8, 2019 | Sales Management Articles
2019 is here and for many of us, that brings new priorities, sales targets, and even faster execution than the previous year. What are your top sales priorities this year? What market factors will challenge or propel your plans? At Peak, we are already preparing for...
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That's a double-dactyl poem. The first line is a six- syllable nonsense word (such as jiggery-pokery or higgledy- piggledy) and the six syllables are divided into a pair of dactyls. A dactyl is DAH-da-da, so a double dactyl is DAH-da-da, DAH-da-da. The poem's meter is required to be just the way it sounds in the example above. The fourth and eighth lines rhyme. The sixth or seventh line must be a single double-dactyl word, and a real word, not nonsense (here, "counterintuitive").
Jiggery-pokery, Limiting marriage to heterosexuals challenged in court.
Justices say rules are unconstitutional: Life-long love can come in more than one sort.
I have been a fan of double dactyls since I first learned of them in my teens. Each fall, I hold a competition for my first-year law students, in which they write double dactyls about contracts cases. Double dactyls feature prominently in one of my novels. They are fun to write, and they teach discipline in writing. And, of course, they can be composed to make a point.
Higgledy-piggledy, Federal agency issued new regs without counting the cost.
Claim that to do so was quasi-impossible got just four votes, so the EPA lost.
Jiggery-pokery, Justice Scalia is famous for writing in phrases obscure.
Liberals call his views antediluvian, but that he's right he is always quite sure.
Jiggery-pokery! Nine berobed justices carping and snarling, dissenting and such.
Gone are the great days when, jurisprudentially, being unanimous mattered so much!


text:
Q: Array of size n to array n x 2 using Java 8 stream I am trying to figure out the most elegant way of converting a simple int array (e.g. {1, 2, 3}) to a simple String array (e.g. {"id", "1", "id", "2", "id", "3"}) of String pairs using Java 8 streams.
Traditionally the code looks like this: -
int[] input = {1, 2, 3};

String[] output = new String[input.length * 2];

int i = 0;
for (int val : input) {
    output[i++] = "id";
    output[i++] = String.valueOf(val);
}

But assuming this can be done in a 1-liner in Java 8.

A: String[] result = Arrays.stream(input)
            .mapToObj(x -> new String[] { "id", "" + x })
            .flatMap(Arrays::stream)
            .toArray(String[]::new);

Or may be a bit more verbose (but worse since we are first joining, only to split immediately after)
String[] result = Arrays.stream(input)
            .mapToObj(x -> "id" + "," + x)
            .collect(Collectors.joining(","))
            .split(",");

I can think of these two, but it's hardly more readable of what you already have in place with a simple for loop.

A: Can make it even less readable than Eugene's solution:
String[] output = IntStream.range(0, input.length * 2)
        .mapToObj(x -> x % 2 == 0 ? "id" : input[x / 2 ] + "")
        .toArray(String[]::new);

A: And another variation of this can be next:
String[] result = Arrays.stream( input )
                .boxed()
                .flatMap( x -> Stream.of( "id", Integer.toString( x ) ) )
                .toArray( String[]::new );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.wildfly.security.tool;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.Provider;
import java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import org.wildfly.common.Assert;
import org.wildfly.security.credential.Credential;
import org.wildfly.security.credential.PasswordCredential;
import org.wildfly.security.credential.store.CredentialStore;
import org.wildfly.security.credential.store.CredentialStoreException;
import org.wildfly.security.credential.store.CredentialStoreSpi;
import org.wildfly.security.credential.store.UnsupportedCredentialTypeException;
import org.wildfly.security.password.Password;
import org.wildfly.security.password.interfaces.ClearPassword;

public class CustomPropertiesCredentialStore extends CredentialStoreSpi {

    public static final String CUSTOM_PROPERTIES_CREDENTIAL_STORE = CustomPropertiesCredentialStore.class.getSimpleName();

    private static final List<String> VALID_ATTRIBUTES = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"location", "modifiable", "create"});

    private final Properties data = new Properties();
    private Path location;
    private boolean modifiable;
    private boolean create;

    @Override
    public void initialize(Map<String, String> attributes, CredentialStore.ProtectionParameter protectionParameter,
            Provider[] providers) throws CredentialStoreException {
        validateAttribute(attributes, VALID_ATTRIBUTES);
        String locationName = attributes.get("location");
        this.location = (locationName == null) ? null : Paths.get(locationName);
        this.modifiable = Boolean.parseBoolean(attributes.getOrDefault("modifiable", "true"));
        this.create = Boolean.parseBoolean(attributes.getOrDefault("create", "false"));
        boolean locationExists = this.location != null && Files.exists(this.location);
        if (this.location != null && !locationExists && !this.create) {
            throw new CredentialStoreException("Location does not exist and cannot be created!");
        }
        if (locationExists) {
            try (FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(this.location.toFile())) {
                synchronized (this.data) {
                    this.data.load(is);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new CredentialStoreException(e);
            }
        }
        this.initialized = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void flush() throws CredentialStoreException {
        if (!this.modifiable) {
            throw new CredentialStoreException("Store is not modifiable, cannot flush!");
        }
        if (this.location != null) {
            try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(this.location)) {
                synchronized (this.data) {
                    this.data.store(os, (String) null);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new CredentialStoreException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isModifiable() {
        return modifiable;
    }

    @Override
    public void store(String credentialAlias, Credential credential, CredentialStore.ProtectionParameter protectionParameter)
            throws CredentialStoreException, UnsupportedCredentialTypeException {
        Assert.checkNotNullParam("credentialAlias", credentialAlias);
        Assert.checkNotNullParam("credential", credential);
        if (!this.modifiable) {
            throw new CredentialStoreException("Store is not modifiable, cannot store!");
        }
        if (credential instanceof PasswordCredential) {
            char[] chars = credential.castAndApply(PasswordCredential.class,
                    c -> c.getPassword().castAndApply(ClearPassword.class, ClearPassword::getPassword));
            synchronized (this.data) {
                this.data.setProperty(credentialAlias, new String(chars));
            }
        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedCredentialTypeException(credential.getClass().getCanonicalName());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public <C extends Credential> C retrieve(String credentialAlias, Class<C> credentialType,
            String credentialAlgorithm, AlgorithmParameterSpec parameterSpec,
            CredentialStore.ProtectionParameter protectionParameter) throws CredentialStoreException {
        String value;
        synchronized (this.data) {
            value = this.data.getProperty(credentialAlias);
        }
        if (value == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return credentialType.cast(new PasswordCredential((Password) ClearPassword.createRaw("clear", value.toCharArray())));
    }

    @Override
    public void remove(String credentialAlias, Class<? extends Credential> credentialType, String credentialAlgorithm,
            AlgorithmParameterSpec parameterSpec) throws CredentialStoreException {
        if (!this.modifiable) {
            throw new CredentialStoreException("Store is not modifiable, cannot remove!");
        }
        synchronized (this.data) {
            this.data.remove(credentialAlias);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Set<String> getAliases() throws UnsupportedOperationException, CredentialStoreException {
        synchronized (this.data) {
            return this.data.stringPropertyNames();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Cet article recense les monuments historiques de Locronan, en France.

Statistiques
Locronan compte 23 édifices comportant au moins une protection au titre des monuments historiques, soit 3 % des monuments historiques du département du Finistère. Tous comportent au moins une partie classée.

Le graphique suivant résume le nombre d'actes de protection par décennies (ou par année avant 1880) :

Liste

|}

Annexes

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Monument historique (France)
 Liste des monuments historiques du Finistère
 Liste des monuments historiques par commune française

Liens externes

Locronan


Get ready San Diego! K1 Speed in Carlsbad, California has round five of their Challenge GP Race series this coming Sunday November 20th, and this wont be a race you'll want to miss. With the points championship coming down to the wire for the north-county location, the fast paced track layout is sure to bring out some of the best in indoor kart racing in So-Cal. The top five over all points leaders are going to have their work cut out for them as anyone of them are perfectly capable of making a podium appearance in this weekends event. Sign-ups will begin at 630PM and qualifying will begin at 7PM – entry fee is $50 per driver …see you there!


text:
Q: Testing for the first weekday of the month in PHP I'm working on a scheduling function to handle repeating events in an application. One option is 'Every First Weekday' (of the month). I have a function that is working, but I'm afraid I may not be using the most efficient method and was hoping for some input. I'm using PHP 5.5. This is the code I have:
function isFirstWeekday($dateObject){
  $dayToTest = $dateObject->format('l');
  $monthToTest = $dateObject->format('F Y');
  $priorDay = clone $dateObject;
  $priorDay->modify('- 1 day');
  $weekdayList = array("Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday");
  //Return false if it's not a weekday
  if (!in_array($dateObject->format('l'), $weekdayList)) {
    return FALSE;
  }
  //Make sure that this weekday is the first of its name in the month
  if ($dateObject->format('Y-m-d') !== date('Y-m-d', strtotime("first $dayToTest of $monthToTest"))) {
    return FALSE;
  }
  //Make sure that the day before was not a weekday in the same month
  if (in_array($priorDay->format('l'), $weekdayList) && $priorDay->format('m') === $dateObject->format('m')) {
    return FALSE;
  }
  return TRUE;
}

A: I would look at it another way.
1) In order for it to be the first weekday, it must be the first, second or third day of the month.
2) If it's the first day, you can directly check if it's a weekday (N = 1-5).
3) If it's the second or third, then in order to be the first weekday, the proceeding days must have NOT been week days. So just check if it's a Monday.
function isFirstWeekday($dateObject) {
    switch($dateObject->format('j')) {
        case 1:
            return $dateObject->format('N') <= 5;
        case 2:
        case 3:
            return $dateObject->format('N') == 1;
        default:
            return false;
    }
}


Isle of Man based internet betting group GVC Holdings has announced their full year 2015 financial results, noting revenues fell 40% when compared to the year prior due to their pricey £1.1 billion cost of purchasing bwin.party.
The pre-tax profits for the group were down to €24.7 million from €40.6 million the year prior, which was largely due to €23 million related to their takeover of the bwin betting brand. Bwin itself had a loss of €42.3 million, which offset GVC's profits of €25.5 million for the year. GVC beat out 888 Holdings to purchase bwin last year, posting multiple bids that exceeded 1 billion pounds, which was eventually accepted by the bwin Board of Directors.
Total revenues were ar bright spot for the company though, as revenues did grow 10% to €247.7 million.
It was long saga around Bwin buying but I guess from GVC are pretty happy that they won the race in the end and acquired such gambling giant brand like Bwin, even though that drop down their profit by a significant percentage.


Third and final awards post!
Christmas definitely came early this year. As if I hadn't received enough gifts already, two more surprise packages arrived! One from my lovely friend Mike over at Eye-Dancers and another one from dear Sandra at quirkybooks who have both nominated me for Blog of The Year 2013 award, twice in Sandra's case! I was not expecting this at all!
From the early days when I started my blog almost one year ago, Mike has been a consistent reader of my posts which is a great encouragement to me. Mike is a a published author of his book 'The Eye-Dancers' (which I am reading and loving!) and he is adept at weaving his everyday thoughts about life and all it's peculiarities and coincidences into his own stories and brilliant blog posts.
I am not one for maths but I always felt a pull towards science at school and for some reason I am fascinated with all things to do with the possibility of a 'parallel universe' which is why I love my conversations with Mike about mutual favourites like The Twilight Zone stories!
Lovely Sandra has been so generous with giving me several awards and you can read more about her in the first award post of this series of three here. More than that, she is a busy lady working on her book for 2014 and many other projects. She has a heart of gold, never failing to encourage and help anybody who needs it in any way she can. We have become good friends through blogging and Sandra is a real treasure.
Thank you so much Mike and Sandra for thinking of me and sending this wonderful award my way, now I get to have some stars on my blog but I think it is you who are both the stars!
2-Write a blog post and tell us about the blog(s) you have chosen- there are no minimum or maximum number of blogs required and 'present' the blog(s) with their award.
Well, according to these rules, it looks as if this means that I start out with three stars so I feel extremely 'blinged' out. What a way to end the year! Christmas definitely came early to this blog but now it's my turn to hand out some gifts and I really love this part!
These blogs are just a few of my favourites (and I call the bloggers behind them dear friends) and this is my way of saying 'Thank You' for all you've meant to me during my blogging, writing and life journey.
So that's it. A huge thank you once again to all of you who took the time to send all these wonderful awards my way, and many congratulations to all of you on your nominations. The hardest part for me was choosing who to nominate and so please know that all of you my dear friends and readers mean so much to me and I don't mean to miss anybody out.
This entry was posted in Awards, Blogging and tagged Awards, Blog, Blogging, Christmas, Gifts, stars, thank you, The Blog of the Year Award 2013. Bookmark the permalink.
And so well deserved – really – you posts are of consistant interest, diversity and quality.
Well done and here's to a successful 2014 for you ! !
Well Sherri vis a vis my last post, I really don't know what to say – other than I don't know when you find the time to beaver away at your book! Good luck with the writing over Christmas – it looks like we could be getting just the weather we need as an excuse to hunker down inside with our laptops open!
Well, this is why I'm not beavering away at my book! I will though, I promise! As I said to Jill, I just had to get this done first…as for the weather, I wish we would get snow. This time two years ago remember when we did?
Hope your Christmas preparations are moving ahead!
Congratulations, Sherri! An impressive and encouraging way to "wrap up" your year and be ready to jump into 2014.
Thank you for the nomination, I am truly grateful and appreciative of the recognition Sherri 🙂 May you have wonderful days for the rest of 2013 and the new coming year!
Congrats!! Your blog is fabulous and this is the perfect award for you to have received. I have mentioned your award on my Facebook page with a link back to you. Thank you for passing a nomination my way. It really meant the world to me.
I like that you join me around my internet kitchen table, Sherri. It's wonderful having you here. I just posted a thank you for the award on my site at (http://plaintalkandordinarywisdom.com/happy-surprises-nearing-the-end-of-this-year-blog-of-the-year-2013-award/).
A great end to your blogging year, hope you get back on track with those Christmas preparations – and the memoir!
Thanks so much for your beautiful words Sherri, they mean so very much to me and are a huge comfort during my time of illness.
Congrats and totally deserved Sherri!


Delicious contemporary Gin from Gembrook Hill winemaker, Andrew Marks.
A gin that encapsulates a city. Paying homage to London Dry Gin, MGC Melbourne Dry is a classic gin with a twist of Melbourne.
Those familiar with Andrew Marks' exploits as winemaker at his family-owned Yarra Valley winery Gembrook Hill and also under his personal label as The Wanderer will know the attention to detail and quality that this man producers.
His MGC Dry Gin was crafted in an effort to distil the cosmopolitan essence of Melbourne city into an elegant, premium Gin which is well-suited to all occasions.
Andrew distills each of his 11 botanicals individually and compiles the final blend of each individual batch of MGC to ensure quality and consistency across each release.
Where possible he utilises botanicals native to his family property in the beautiful Yarra Valley. It is no wonder Andrews has quickly become of of the most sought-after local Gins on the market.
Eleven botanicals, both local and exotic, are each individually extracted, distilled and then blended to create a well-rounded, smooth and slightly surprising gin.
Building on the classic foundations of juniper berries and coriander seed, the grapefruit peel and Rosemary hail from the garden at Gembrook Hill Vineyard in the Yarra Valley, where the gin is made.
The other locals are macadamia, sandalwood, honey lemon myrtle and organic navel orange.
Bringing Melbourne's cosmopolitan flavour to the mix are the exotics: angelica root, orris root and cassia bark.
The final component is water - rainwater from Gembrook in the Yarra Ranges, 60km from Melbourne, with a purity that allows the botanicals to shine through.
We hope you enjoy this unexpected mix of classic and contemporary, local and exotic. A Melbourne Dry Gin.
What do you get when you take a Tom Collins and give it a twist of Melbourne?
The Collins Street of course!


Heat oil in a skillet over medium-high heat. Add the red pepper and onion and cook until softened. Add the peaches and continue cooking until softened. Stir in sugar and cook until the sugar is melted, 2 to 3 min. Mix in the vinegar and bring to a simmer. Continue cooking until sauce thickens and peaches become tender, 10 to 12 min.
Remove from heat. Season with thyme, salt and pepper. Serve warm or cool. Refrigerate any leftovers for up to 1 week.


League games start early April and run through mid June. There will be end of league tournament the end of June. All home games must be played within a 45-mile radius of Longmont.
REGISTRATION FEE: $625.00 per out of town.
OUT OF TOWN TEAMS PROVIDE: 16 home field date, we will use 8 and give back remaining dates, practice fields, team insurance, birth certificates available if needed; Concussion Certificates and background checks for Head Coaches.
Each team is required to register with USSSA by April 1st, 2019.
League games start in April and end mid May. All home games must be played with in 45 mile radius of Longmont.
REGISTRATION FEE: $375 per out of town team.
INCLUDES: 10 games; 2 game balls for each home game.
OUT OF TOWN TEAMS YOU PROVIDE: Fields for a minimum of 6 host games with umpires; practice fields; team insurance; Birth Certificates for players; Concussion Certifications and background checks for Head Coaches.


The Red Ranger's armored motorcycle that RJ was working on this for a very long time. The Red Ranger can use it by channeling his inner tiger power. When the Red Ranger uses this new motorcycle he obtains a special upper torso armor that will help him to combine with the motorcycle for even more power. In its standard mode, it can speed around enemies and blast them with lasers. It is equipped with powerful laser blasters that can destroy the Rinshi in one powerful blast. In its attack mode, Casey has the ability to combine with the rider and bite any enemy and make the enemy shatter into million bits.


Earlier today, the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Middle East, North Africa, and International Terrorism held a hearing titled, "The Status of American Hostages in Iran." Mr. Omar Zakka, the youngest son of Mr. Nizar Zakka, testified before the Committee on Nizar's ongoing unlawful detention.
The Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on the Middle East, North Africa, and International Terrorism held a hearing today, The Status of American Hostages in Iran. Mr. Omar Zakka, the youngest son of Mr. Nizar Zakka, testified before the Committee. Mr. Zakka is a U.S. Legal Permanent Resident and U.S.-based ICT professional who has been held hostage in Iran since 2015.
"We ask this government to take all available legal and diplomatic measures to reunite us with our father. We ask this government to do the same for all the families of the other hostages. Help us reunite with our father," Omar told members of the committee this afternoon. His testimony is available at the Committee website.
Chairman Deutch and Ranking Member Joe Wilson (R-S.C.) announced at today's hearing a number of Congressional proposals to strengthen U.S. hostage policy including the ''Robert Levinson Hostage Recovery and Hostage-Taking Accountability Act of 2019." A Congressional resolution has also been introduced on Iran hostages.
"This is the second time Omar has presented his dad's case to the Congress and, frankly, Omar hopes it will be the last time. As many as 12 nations appear to have foreigners unlawfully deprived of liberty in Iran. Nizar's case and others like it are an international problem that requires multilateral cooperation, including nations in a position to help such as Lebanon. Talks based solely on humanitarian issues should be established with Iran to help Nizar and other hostages. With political will it's possible to bring him home soon," said Jason Poblete, Mr. Nizar Zakka's attorney in the United States.
Follow this link for more information about the hearing, including Omar's testimony and video clips of the hearing.


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