text:
York Research Database Home
Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13
James Richard Scott Lomas, Stephen Martin, Karl Philip Claxton
Centre for Health Economics
Research output: Working paper › Discussion paper
Estimates of the marginal productivity of the health sector are required for a wide range of resource allocation decisions. Founding these estimates on robust empirical analysis can inform these decisions and improve allocative efficiency as a result. This paper estimates the marginal productivity of the English NHS for a ten year period between 2003/04 and 2012/13. Data on expenditure and mortality by programme budget categories from this period are used in conjunction with socio-economic and demographic variables from the censuses from 2001 and 2011, as part of an econometric strategy that employs an established instrumental variable approach that is subjected to a number of sensitivity analyses. The results of the econometric analysis, along with
additional data on burden of disease, are used to generate an estimate of marginal productivity. This paper finds that the point estimates of the amount of resources, in nominal terms, to produce an additional unit of health benefit has ranged from £5,000 to £15,000 per quality-adjusted life year between 2003/04 and 2012/13. These results are discussed in the context of the existing literature, and the potential policy implications for decisions about resource allocation are explored.
York, UK
Centre for Health Economics, University of York
CHE Research Paper
econometric modelling
programme budgeting
health opportunity costs
allocative efficiency
CHERP158_estimating_marginal_productivity_NHSFinal published version, 4.37 MB
https://www.york.ac.uk/media/che/documents/policybriefing/CHERP158_estimating_marginal_productivity_NHS.pdf
Lomas, J. R. S., Martin, S., & Claxton, K. P. (2018). Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13. (CHE Research Paper; No. 158). Centre for Health Economics, University of York. https://www.york.ac.uk/media/che/documents/policybriefing/CHERP158_estimating_marginal_productivity_NHS.pdf
Lomas, James Richard Scott ; Martin, Stephen ; Claxton, Karl Philip. / Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13. York, UK : Centre for Health Economics, University of York, 2018. (CHE Research Paper; 158).
@techreport{632f8f78de5746288ccf720813a43169,
title = "Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13",
abstract = "Estimates of the marginal productivity of the health sector are required for a wide range of resource allocation decisions. Founding these estimates on robust empirical analysis can inform these decisions and improve allocative efficiency as a result. This paper estimates the marginal productivity of the English NHS for a ten year period between 2003/04 and 2012/13. Data on expenditure and mortality by programme budget categories from this period are used in conjunction with socio-economic and demographic variables from the censuses from 2001 and 2011, as part of an econometric strategy that employs an established instrumental variable approach that is subjected to a number of sensitivity analyses. The results of the econometric analysis, along withadditional data on burden of disease, are used to generate an estimate of marginal productivity. This paper finds that the point estimates of the amount of resources, in nominal terms, to produce an additional unit of health benefit has ranged from £5,000 to £15,000 per quality-adjusted life year between 2003/04 and 2012/13. These results are discussed in the context of the existing literature, and the potential policy implications for decisions about resource allocation are explored.",
keywords = "Productivity, econometric modelling, programme budgeting, health opportunity costs, allocative efficiency",
author = "Lomas, {James Richard Scott} and Stephen Martin and Claxton, {Karl Philip}",
series = "CHE Research Paper",
publisher = "Centre for Health Economics, University of York",
institution = "Centre for Health Economics, University of York",
Lomas, JRS, Martin, S & Claxton, KP 2018 'Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13' CHE Research Paper, no. 158, Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK. <https://www.york.ac.uk/media/che/documents/policybriefing/CHERP158_estimating_marginal_productivity_NHS.pdf>
Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13. / Lomas, James Richard Scott; Martin, Stephen; Claxton, Karl Philip.
York, UK : Centre for Health Economics, University of York, 2018. (CHE Research Paper; No. 158).
T1 - Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13
AU - Lomas, James Richard Scott
AU - Martin, Stephen
AU - Claxton, Karl Philip
N2 - Estimates of the marginal productivity of the health sector are required for a wide range of resource allocation decisions. Founding these estimates on robust empirical analysis can inform these decisions and improve allocative efficiency as a result. This paper estimates the marginal productivity of the English NHS for a ten year period between 2003/04 and 2012/13. Data on expenditure and mortality by programme budget categories from this period are used in conjunction with socio-economic and demographic variables from the censuses from 2001 and 2011, as part of an econometric strategy that employs an established instrumental variable approach that is subjected to a number of sensitivity analyses. The results of the econometric analysis, along withadditional data on burden of disease, are used to generate an estimate of marginal productivity. This paper finds that the point estimates of the amount of resources, in nominal terms, to produce an additional unit of health benefit has ranged from £5,000 to £15,000 per quality-adjusted life year between 2003/04 and 2012/13. These results are discussed in the context of the existing literature, and the potential policy implications for decisions about resource allocation are explored.
AB - Estimates of the marginal productivity of the health sector are required for a wide range of resource allocation decisions. Founding these estimates on robust empirical analysis can inform these decisions and improve allocative efficiency as a result. This paper estimates the marginal productivity of the English NHS for a ten year period between 2003/04 and 2012/13. Data on expenditure and mortality by programme budget categories from this period are used in conjunction with socio-economic and demographic variables from the censuses from 2001 and 2011, as part of an econometric strategy that employs an established instrumental variable approach that is subjected to a number of sensitivity analyses. The results of the econometric analysis, along withadditional data on burden of disease, are used to generate an estimate of marginal productivity. This paper finds that the point estimates of the amount of resources, in nominal terms, to produce an additional unit of health benefit has ranged from £5,000 to £15,000 per quality-adjusted life year between 2003/04 and 2012/13. These results are discussed in the context of the existing literature, and the potential policy implications for decisions about resource allocation are explored.
KW - Productivity
KW - econometric modelling
KW - programme budgeting
KW - health opportunity costs
KW - allocative efficiency
T3 - CHE Research Paper
BT - Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13
PB - Centre for Health Economics, University of York
CY - York, UK
Lomas JRS, Martin S, Claxton KP. Estimating the marginal productivity of the English National Health Service from 2003/04 to 2012/13. York, UK: Centre for Health Economics, University of York. 2018 Oct. (CHE Research Paper; 158).
York Research Database data protection policy


I smelled trouble stirring early last week when I read the weekend forecast calling for upper 40-degree temperatures in the Chicago area. Both Saturday and Sunday made it above 50F, with a high of 54 degrees recorded on southern Lake Michigan today (14 Dec 2014). To top it off, overcast skies dominated all of Saturday and most of the day Sunday.
Despite a notable absence of gulls at some of our better gull-watching sites, I still managed to see all five of our winter species with a bit of effort!
Saturday: 13 Dec 2014; Rainbow Beach, Chicago, IL.
LBBG (2nd cycle) with Ring-billed (adult) and Herring (1st cycle).
Sunday: 14 Dec 2014; Whiting, IN.
GLGU (2nd cycle) with adult type Herring.
GLGU (2nd cycle) with HERGs.
A heavy-billed, dusky-eyed 3rd/4th cycle type Thayer's Gull.
Thayer's (3rd/4th cycle type) on far left, with 3 Herrings on right.
THGU (3rd/4th cycle type) with similar-aged HERG (right) and adult type HERG (left).


Two large couch buses with darkened windows outside Stop & Shop on Main Avenue in Norwalk turned out to be carrying the '90s boy band 98˚.
NORWALK — Sometimes it's not easy being a boy band from the '90s.
98° — known for the hits "I Do (Cherish You)," "Because of You" and "What Christmas Means to Me" — got the boot from the Stop & Shop parking lot on Main Avenue Tuesday afternoon.
The band's two huge black tour buses, with tinted windows and one towing a black equipment trailer, had been idling overnight. Some people wondered what they were there for, and who the passengers might be. The outside of the coaches gave no clues, just Tennessee plates, an orange "violation" sticker on a door window, and a smiley face license plate.
Lauren De Bruijn, 49, of Westport, was one of the people puzzled by the rumbling vehicles. She was shopping at the market and surprised to still see the buses outside when she was done. She called the store and said the manager told her they'd been trying to get them to move.
"The buses look nefarious and the whole thing is so mysterious and weird," she told Hearst Connecticut Media.
One of the bus drivers said the passengers were the band 98˚, and that the hotel, Zero Degrees, across the street didn't have room for their vehicles.
"They're making us leave now," he said after starting his bus about 2 p.m. Tuesday.


text:
PAU Counseling Program Recognized as One of the Best by HumanServicesEDU.org
William Snow headshot.jpeg
PAU's master's in counseling program with an emphasis in clinical mental health was named one of the best accredited master's in counseling programs in the United States—and one of only two programs in California to receive this honor. The announcement was made by HumanServicesEDU.org which just released its '2019 Best Counseling Program' list.
HumanServicesEDU.org assessed hundreds of schools around the nation to develop the annual list that helps potential students find information about accredited programs and bring recognition to top quality programs.
"I am so proud of the counselor education work and advocacy that has been done in our program at Palo Alto University through the innovation of past and current faculty, staff, and administration," said William H. Snow, Ph.D., associate professor and director of the PAU master's in counseling program. "With the support of our current university president, students, and a skilled core and adjunct faculty, we look forward to more innovative work in the future. We also hope to continue to be close partners with the other programs in the institution as we continue its legacy of advocating for the mental health needs of the underserved in our population."
HumanServicesEDU.org cited the exceptional value of PAU's program—at a cost of nearly $20,000 less than the state average for private clinical mental health counseling programs. Other outstanding features include a dedicated faculty with rich research and practical backgrounds, the choice of a campus-based or online delivery, full- and part-time formats scheduled to accommodate the busy schedules of working professionals, and culturally relevant clinical experiences designed to prepare graduates for real-world practice.
"I thank Dr. Snow for his dedication to the profession and for the positive impact of PAU's master's program on communities around the nation," Kelly Simpson, editor and outreach specialist, HumanServicesEDU.org.
PAU's master's in counseling program has two CACREP-accredited areas of emphasis, both preparing students to pursue licensure: Clinical Mental Health and Marriage, Family, and Child. The counseling master's program is a diverse and dynamic community dedicated to the development of highly effective mental health counselors, future leaders and innovators in the counseling profession.
Learn more about PAU M.A. Counseling (https://www.paloaltou.edu/graduate-programs/masters-programs/ma-counseling)
HumanServicesEDU.org 2019 Best Counseling Programs (https://www.humanservicesedu.org/most-affordable-masters-in-counseling-programs-by-state-2019-20.html)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Unconventional fantasy MMO Crowfall gets a funding boost as it nears release
By Tyler Wilde published 28 January 20
The campaign-driven MMO just raised $11.7 million to support its 2020 launch.
(Image credit: ArtCraft Entertainment)
Amazon's New World is one of the most anticipated MMOs in recent memory, and in part I think that's because it hasn't been extensively documented in backer updates and years long alpha tests. The lack of a crowdfunding campaign (which Amazon obviously didn't need) lends it more mystery than competitors such as Crowfall, which was Kickstarted in 2015 and has been in various stages of pre-alpha testing for the past five years.
But if gangs of fantasy settlers building and defending forts interests you, Crowfall is worth your attention. On top of its millions in crowdfunding support, the game has recently drawn another $11.7 million from investors to support its final push into release. That'll start soon with a beta, which will be open to all backers, as well as non-backers who will be invited in waves (you can register on the official site).
There are a few oddities that distinguish Crowfall from other MMOs. Like in EVE Online, there's passive skill training, but it takes place at the account level—all of your characters will benefit from the offline combat, crafting, or exploration training you select. That's in addition to character-level training.
More notably, outside of the metaworld—which includes a personal plot of land to build on, PvE area God's Reach, and PvP 'Infected' areas—Crowfall is played in campaigns which take place on unique maps and have definitive endings and winners. In a campaign, you'll join one of three factions, import items from the account level (you can also export items from campaigns, but moving items either direction costs you), and battle for territory. At the end of an in-game year, a winning side is determined, and your character walks away with whatever spoils of war you've earned—back to the persistent worlds to prepare for the next campaign.
The very long FAQ explains everything in more detail, but the basic idea is that Crowfall seeks to marry the persistence of MMOs with win-or-lose strategy campaigns, so that factions aren't simply taking, relinquishing, and retaking the same forts for eternity.
Over 300,000 players have signed up to participate in the Crowfall beta, according to studio co-founder and president Gordon Walton (who we spoke to about the future of RPGs back in 2016). It's free to sign up, though to guarantee access now and in the future, backer packs start at $50.
It's exciting to have two MMOs coming at the same problem—how to design a sandbox for big, fantasy territory wars—in different ways in the same year. New World feels like a more straightforward mix of survival game and MMO staples, and Crowfall has a hurdle ahead in explaining what it is and why its multi-layered structure is worth the many hours of commitment it surely demands.
Maybe the beta will help with that, especially if players come away with some brilliant stories—that's been one way EVE Online has attracted its victims. The Crowfall beta is expected to begin within the first quarter of this year, and the full release is planned for sometime later in 2020.
Tyler Wilde
Tyler has spent over 1,200 hours playing Rocket League, and slightly fewer nitpicking the PC Gamer style guide. His primary news beat is game stores: Steam, Epic, and whatever launcher squeezes into our taskbars next.


text:
LibreSSL – wieloplatformowa, wolna implementacja protokołów SSL i TLS oraz algorytmów kryptograficznych ogólnego przeznaczenia. Powstała na podstawie kopii OpenSSL 1.0.1g utworzonej 13 kwietnia 2014 r. Początkowo używa tych samych API oraz ABI jak OpenSSL. Pierwszy raz powszechnie użyto LibreSSL (wersja 2.0.5) w OpenBSD 5.6.

Zobacz też
 GnuTLS
 OpenSSL

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Strona projektu LibreSSL

Oprogramowanie kryptograficzne
Oprogramowanie na licencji Apache License
Oprogramowanie na licencji BSD
OpenBSD

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Last edited by tmntfannumerouno; 08-30-2018 at 10:36 PM.
I sure did, are you looking to hire someone or just ask for advice?
I'm looking to hire someone. All I need is the printout for the lid and the inside. Design is up to you.


text:
Stripped Bounty
With: Dorothy F. Shaw
There are many things that inspire me to write a specific character. In the case of Badger, the hero in Stripped Bounty, it's different.
At first glance, Drew "Badger" Baxter is your typical romance alpha male. He's a gruff biker with rough edges. He's tattooed. He's a t-shirt, jeans and work-boots kind of guy. He has a work ethic that makes most people look lazy. And he's fully self- supporting.
Basically, he's a sexy badass!
Badger is single. After all, with his work in both the strip club and as a bounty hunter, there's no time for romance. But there's no desire for it either.
Dig deeper and you'll find that Badger takes care of his grandmother. He pays for her to be in a pretty swank assisted living facility, and visits her weekly.
All in all, Badger is a really good guy.
Actually, he's more than a good guy.
I've had the privilege of knowing a few men over the years who are very similar to Badger. But my biggest inspiration came from my own life. I was married to a man with the same type of character, integrity, and heart of gold as Badger.
My ex-husband, who I gratefully have an amicable relationship with, is one of those rare breeds of men. The kind of man everyone should get to know or meet at least once in their lifetime.
A friend, a confidant, a protector, a hard worker…and loyal to the bone.
When writing Badger, there were many moments when I would have to stop and think about how my ex might react to a situation at hand.
So…is Badger my ex-husband? No. Not at all. But he's definitely similar to him. They're cut from the same cloth.
Thank you, and I hope you check out Stripped Bounty!
Amazon (digital and print): http://amzn.to/2ag7LB9
iTunes: http://apple.co/2aw3pVp
Kobo: http://bit.ly/2aNWlT9
Barnes: http://bit.ly/2aLVkgO
ARe: http://bit.ly/2aJuuiZ
Create Space print: http://bit.ly/2aKMoIv
Protecting her isn't an option. It's a requirement.
Badger finally got Rosie in his bed, but in order to keep her there, he has to figure out how to save her life.
After her drug-running husband gets himself killed, Rosie Santini figures Phoenix is a fine place to get a fresh start. Deuce's strip club isn't too fresh, but the money's easy. As she works the pole, the only gaze she can't ignore belongs to the club's head bouncer, Badger Baxter. But Rosie's seen her fair share of tall, dark, and dangerous, and no way is she heading down that road. Not even for a hot hunk of muscle like Badger.
When he's not bounty hunting, Badger runs security at Deuce's. Rosie should be just another piece of fresh meat in the club's stable of pole jockeys, but all her sexy parts add up to a ride Badger would like to test drive. Trouble is, Badger likes his women submissive, but not broken. She's definitely got baggage he wants no part of. But when her husband's killer shows up looking for stolen cash, she fits naturally under his protection--and it isn't long before she's hooked deep into his heart.
So deep, losing her now would make him bleed in more ways than one.
Warning: This book contains violent situations due to physical altercations and gunfire. Be on the look out for D/s sexual play, which may cause drooling and might have you reaching for the nearest man or battery operated boyfriend.
dorothyfshaw@gmail.com
http://www.dorothyfshaw.com/
https://www.facebook.com/DorothyFShaw
https://www.facebook.com/AuthorDorothyFShaw/
https://twitter.com/DorothyFShaw
Labels: Dorothy F. Shaw


text:
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White Island, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
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About White Island
White Island is one of the beautiful beaches of San Jose, Mindoro Occidental. The beach contains white and brown sands. The Island is only a 15 minutes boat ride from the town of San Jose. he island is generally horseshoe shaped, although the tides constantly resize and reshape its exact form. There are no trees or shelter of any kind, and it is composed solely of white sands.
Attractions near White Island
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Mounts Iglit - Baco National Park46.95km from White Island
The Mounts Iglit-Baco National Park is dominated by the twin peaks of Mount Baco and Mount Iglit, which offer some challenging climbs; it can take up to two days to reach the peak of Mount Iglit, so these climbs are tough and not to be underestimated. Vegetation is so dense there have been no officially recorded ascents of Mount Baco. The park has also been nominated in the Tentative List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The park's vegetation consists primarily of grasslands, lowland Dipterocarp
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Apo Reef Natural Park77.41km from White Island
The Apo Reef, also considered as the second largest atoll-like reef in the Philippines comprises of two isolated coral reefs that are disconnected by a 30-meter deep channel. The clear blue waters of the channel are teeming with 285 species of colorful marine life, including tropical aquarium fish, snappers, and the crevice-dwelling moray. It is one best dive spot in the world, attracting hordes of divers all year-round. The soft white sand and patches of fine corals, clearly visible through the
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Mount Halcon104.01km from White Island
Mt. Halcon is one of the country's toughest mountains with its rugged terrains and steep slopes, often made more difficult by the unpredictable weather. Rising at 2,586 meters above sea level, the peak of Halcon is the highest point in Oriental Mindoro. Taking about 4 days to climb, Mt. Halcon features arduous steep trails through dense jungles, ridges, waterfalls, and river crossings, with spectacular scenic views and exotic flora and fauna. Travelers are advised to physically and mentally prep
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Maniquin Island Lighthouse108.17km from White Island
The oldest lighthouse which was located in the heart of the Antique province. The island, also known as Maningning Island or Hammerhead Island. The round cylindrical concrete tower with a gallery on top is located near the southeastern point of the island. It was one of the main attractions in this area.
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Simbahang Bato110.1km from White Island
The Bancuro Church Ruins, popularly known as the Simbahang Bato is located in Brgy. Bancurro in Naujan. The Simbahang Bato is an ancient, roofless ruin of a church and priory built during the 17th century. In early 1600s, the Augustinian priests established their first settlement here in Barangay Bancuro in Naujan to evangelize the natives. This is not just a church, not just some ruins and an archaeological site, this is the town's history.
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Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park120.55km from White Island
The Northwest Panay Peninsula Natural Park is located on the island of Panay, which was proclaimed a natural park by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on 18 April 2002. The site is home to a wide range of flora and fauna of the Western Visayas, And also a wide range of wild animals also. The water for Boracay Island and the hundreds of thousands of tourists that visit there every year are also provided by the Northwest Panay watershed.
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Occidental Mindoro4 attractions
The province is known for its one of the most popular coral reefs in the Philippines, Apo Reef.
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text:
Krakusi – pułk lekkiej kawalerii o charakterze narodowym.

Księstwo Warszawskie
Za początek powstania formacji krakusów należy uznać wydane przez Radę Ministrów Księstwa Warszawskiego Dekret 20 grudnia 1812 poboru z jeźdźców 50 dymowych z departamentów: krakowskiego, poznańskiego, kaliskiego i radomskiego do wojsk Księstwa Warszawskiego. W trakcie tego poboru uzupełniono stany pułków kawalerii liniowej oraz piechoty. Z nadwyżek, jakie pozostały, na rozkaz Wodza Naczelnego wojsk polskich ks. Józefa Poniatowskiego z 2000 jeźdźców zorganizowano nowy rodzaj kawalerii, której członków nazwano "krakusami". Pułk ten organizował pośpiesznie major Kajetan Rzuchowski, przy pomocy dzielnego kpt. Boki. Nowością w wojsku stali się krakusi, spadkobiercy kosynierów kościuszkowskich. Improwizowana jazda lekka na wytrzymałych konikach, która oddała nieocenione usługi Napoleonowi i zyskała miano "polskich kozaków".

Kampania saska
Pułk Krakusów dowodzony od 20 marca 1813 roku przez płk. Aleksandra Oborskiego wyruszając z Krakowa 7 maja 1813 roku do Saksonii w składzie VIII korpusu (polskiego) pod komendą ks. Józefa Poniatowskiego miał 4 szwadrony po 220 koni. Pułk Krakusów wspólnie z 14 Pułkiem Kirasjerów, wszedł w skład 27 Brygady Kawalerii lekkiej Jazdy Straży Przedniej generała Jana Nepomucena Umińskiego.
Ks. Józef Poniatowski poprowadził kilkunastotysięczną armię przez Austrię do Saksonii, gdzie jako dowódca VIII korpusu Wielkiej Armii, walczył pod Lützen, następnie bronił pasma gór czeskich i walczył na lewym brzegu Łaby. 9 września pod Löbau VIII (polski) Korpus stoczył bitwę z przeważającą siłą i utrzymał się na pozycjach. 10 października pod Zedtlitz generał Pahlen usiłował zatrzymać maszerujące polskie kolumny. Poniatowski poprowadził szarżę kawalerii i w krwawej bitwie wziął 500 jeńców, przełamał opór przeciwnika i umożliwił sobie dalszy postęp w kierunku Lipska. 12 października, już blisko Lipska z Muratem, zostali przy śniadaniu zaskoczeni przez oddziały wroga. Poniatowski wskoczył na konia, przebił się i sprowadziwszy na czas kawalerię polską uratował sytuację. Zarekomendowany przez Murata, został w pierwszym dniu bitwy pod Lipskiem, 16 października, mianowany przez Napoleona marszałkiem Francji, co było jedynym takim wyróżnieniem dla cudzoziemca.

Strój krakusów
Wyróżniali się strojem, który składał się z chłopskiej sukmany w kolorze granatowym lub białym, czapki rogatywki w kolorze czerwonym z kwadratowym wierzchem obramowanej czarnym barankiem na otoku. Ich uzbrojenie składało się z lanc wzoru kozackiego pozbawionych proporczyków, szabli różnych wzorów i pistoletów noszonych na smyczy.
Strój krakusów uległ zmianie w 1814 roku, po ich przejęciu przez płk. Józefa Dwernickiego, kiedy w Sedanie otrzymali oni kurtki tzw. wołoszki w kolorze granatowym, lamowane srebrną lub białą taśmą, z karmazynowymi kołnierzami i wyłogami oraz ozdobami z białych (oficerowie – srebrnych) sznurów. Na kurtkach na wzór ludów kaukaskich naszyto kieszenie na ładunki wzoru czerkieskiego. Otrzymali wtedy też okrągłe czapki koloru karmazynowego ozdobione promieniście sznurami srebrnymi lub białymi oraz kitkami z białych piór. Spodnie mieli koloru granatowego, obcisłe z lampasami karmazynowymi  (oficerowie – srebrnymi). Uzbrojenie zwiększono do dwóch pistoletów, a na lancach zakładano proporce w kolorze karmazynowo-białym.

W wojsku Księstwa Warszawskiego
Pułk Krakusów wojsk Księstwa Warszawskiego, składający się czterech szwadronów po 220 jeźdźców każdy, stoczył swoją pierwszą walkę 12 marca 1813 r. pod Skarszewem. Następnie w składzie VIII Korpusu Polskiego pod dowództwem ks. Józefa Poniatowskiego walczył od sierpnia do października 1813 roku na terenie Czech i Saksonii. Toczył bitwy i potyczki m.in. pod Friedlandem (17 sierpnia), Georgenwaldem (4 września), Strohweidem (9 września), Neustadtem (15 września), Frohburgiem (29 września), Luntzenauem (30 września), Zehmą (4 października), Rothą (8 października), Zetlitzem (9 października) i Wachau (16 października). Wziął udział w bitwie pod Lipskiem (19 października), gdzie był w eskorcie ks. Józefa Poniatowskiego.

Następnie od 1 stycznia 1814 pułk pod dowództwem płk. Józefa Dwernickiego walczył na terenie Francji do marca 1814 (m.in. pod Claye w połowie marca 1814), kończąc swój szlak bojowy pod Paryżem (30 marca). Po abdykacji Napoleona I pułk wrócił do Polski. Jego część stanowiła honorową eskortę trumny z prochami ks. Józefa Poniatowskiego podczas przewożenia ich z Lipska do Warszawy. Pod koniec 1814 roku część żołnierzy tego pułku wcielono do 1 pułku ułanów, a resztę zdemobilizowano.

W powstaniu listopadowym
Po wybuchu powstania listopadowego została z ochotników odtworzona formacja krakusów – utworzone dwa pułki, jeden samodzielny dywizjon oraz trzy samodzielne szwadrony. Ubiór krakusów zależał od okolic, gdzie tworzył się poszczególne pułk czy szwadron, lecz nawiązywał on do barw Pułku Krakusów Księstwa Warszawskiego. Składał się z białej sukmany z karmazynowym kołnierzem i wyłogami oraz kartuszami na piersiach, szarych spodni z lampasem karmazynowym, rogatywek z białym lub czarnym barankiem na otoku i brunatnych opończ. W ubiorze zachowano naszywane ładownice na piersiach. Uzbrojenie krakusów składało się z pistoletów, szabel oraz lanc z proporcem w kolorze amarantowo-białym.

Te nowo zorganizowane oddziały krakusów brały udział w wielu bitwach i potyczkach powstania listopadowego, m.in. Pułk Krakusów im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, dowodzony przez gen. Dwernickiego, odznaczył się w bitwie pod Boremlem w dniu 18 kwietnia 1831. Tradycyjnie też pełnili oni służbę w kwaterze Naczelnego Wodza. Oddziały zostały rozwiązane po upadku powstania listopadowego.

Następne oddziały krakusów zostały ponownie zorganizowane w trakcie powstania krakowskiego, gdy powstał oddział krakowski i trzy miechowskie.

W powstaniu styczniowym
Także w trakcie powstania styczniowego istniało szereg oddziałów krakusów. Od innych oddziałów kawalerii odróżniały się one przede wszystkim strojem nawiązującym do stroju krakusów Księstwa Warszawskiego.

Krakusi w odrodzonej Polsce
Po odzyskaniu przez Polskę niepodległości odżyła idea ochotniczych oddziałów kawalerii – krakusów. Pierwszy taki oddział w sile dywizjonu powstał w Krakowie w 1920 roku, wkrótce jednak został wcielony do 208 pułku ochotniczego ułanów. W roku 1927 młody rotmistrz rezerwy Stanisław Młodzianowski, ziemianin z łęczyckiego, organizuje z własnej inicjatywy ochotniczy pluton krakusów z uczniów szkół średnich z Łęczycy i okolicznych parobczaków, podejmując z nimi trud kawaleryjskiego przysposobienia wojskowego. Podejmują ten ruch oficjalnie władze wojskowe w 1932 roku, popierają i otaczają opieką, organizując w całej Polsce krakusów, jako konne przysposobienie wojskowe (KPW) według opisu gen. bryg. Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, który w latach 1935–1937 był dyrektorem Państwowego Urzędu Wychowania Fizycznego i Przysposobienia Wojskowego.

Przysposobienie Wojskowe Konne (Krakusi) 1929-1939
Początki Przysposobienia Wojskowego Konnego sięgają 1927 kiedy to w powiecie łęczyckim rtm. rez. Stanisław Młodzianowski zorganizował oddział krakusów złożony z uczniów szkół średnich z Łęczycy – ochotników z własnymi końmi. Instruktorami zostali podoficerowie kawalerii. Władze II Rzeczypospolitej uznały, że formacja ta może być przydatna w koncepcjach obronnych i zaczęły organizować w całym kraju oddziały krakusów na zasadzie Przysposobienia Wojskowego Konnego (krakusów).

13 kwietnia 1937 minister spraw wojskowych mianował gen. bryg. Sergiusza Zahorskiego generałem do zleceń do spraw PWKon. przy I wiceministrze spraw wojskowych. W 1939 sprawy PWKon. znalazły się w kręgu zainteresowań Generalnego Inspektoratu Sił Zbrojnych czego wyrazem było powierzenie płk dypl. Zbigniewowi Brochwicz-Lewińskiemu funkcji oficera do prac PWKon.

Opracowano pod redakcją ppłk. dypl. Włodzimierza Dunin-Żuchowskiego, podręcznik dla instruktorów i członków konnego przysposobienia wojskowego – KRAKUS wydany przez Główną Księgarnię Wojskową, w 1938 roku w Warszawie, który zawierał wcześniejsze dzieje krakusów (historię), musztrę, jazdę konną, naukę o koniu, władanie szablą i lancą, władanie bronią palną, szyki konne, służbę wartowniczą i polową. Oddziały krakusów podlegały Państwowemu Urzędowi Wychowania Fizycznego i Przysposobienia Wojskowego, którego dyrektorem był generał brygady Kazimierz Jędrzej Sawicki-Sawa pseud. "Prut".

Uzbrojenie krakusów
Oddziały uzbrojono w karabinki francuskie, szable i lance, które przechowywano na posterunkach policji, w oddziałach Wojska Polskiego lub Obrony Narodowej. Umundurowani byli w bluzy wojskowe, drelichowe z proporczykami koloru czerwonego, na których był trójkąt niebieski przylegający do podstawy proporczyka. Mundur uzupełniała rogatywka z czerwonym otokiem i lanca z proporczykiem.

Na podstawie rozkazu ministra spraw wojskowych z dnia 13 listopada 1936 z dniem 15 stycznia 1937 wszedł w życie nowy podział terytorialny dla 57 istniejących wówczas rejonów PWKon. (krakusów). 02 grudnia 1936 minister spraw wojskowych wyznaczył komendantów rejonów PWKon. przy dywizjach piechoty. Stanowisko komendanta rejonu PWKon. zostało zaszeregowane dla oficera sztabowego (majora) i włączone do etatu dowództwa dywizji piechoty.

Szwadrony kawalerii dywizyjnej we wrześniu 1939 roku
Oddziały Przysposobienia Wojskowego Konnego (krakusi) w mobilizacji alarmowej miały wystawić 22 szwadrony kawalerii dywizyjnej, a kolejnych 5 szwadronów w mobilizacji powszechnej. Szwadrony przydzielone do poszczególnych dywizji piechoty miały spełniać funkcje pododdziału rozpoznawczego. Ponadto oddziały PWKon. stanowiły bazę mobilizacyjną dla plutonów zwiadu konnego w pułkach piechoty.

 1 Dywizja Piechoty Legionów - mjr Bronisław Kulik
 2 Dywizja Piechoty Legionów - mjr Stanisław Nakoniecznikoff-Klukowski
 3 Dywizja Piechoty Legionów - mjr Jan Stanisław Podziemski
 4 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Franciszek Cymerman (Cimerman)
 6 Dywizja Piechoty - rtm. Władysław Słuszko-Ciapiński
 7 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Kazimierz Mikołajewski
 8 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Jarosław Ciechanowski
 9 Dywizja Piechoty - rtm. Władysław Czach
 10 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Bohdan Sawicki
 13 Kresowa Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Franciszek Władysław Bednarski
 14 Wielkopolska Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Mieczysław Żniński
 15 Wielkopolska Dywizja Piechoty - mjr kaw. Jan Kazimierz Paszotta (do 4 marca 1938 roku - Kazimierz Paszota-Panieński)
 16 Pomorska Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Stefan Mosiński
 17 Wielkopolska Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Władysław Kazimierz Szczerbik
 18 Dywizja Piechoty - rtm. Józef Ludwik Rudnicki
 19 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Mieczysław Gawryłkiewicz
 20 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Władysław Michał Gajewski
 21 Dywizja Piechoty Górskiej - rtm. Zygmunt Marian Bargiel
 22 Dywizja Piechoty Górskiej - mjr Czesław Jakóbiak
 23 Górnośląska Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Bronisław Rostowski
 24 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Tadeusz Klepacki
 25 Dywizja Piechoty - rtm. Antoni II Paszkowski
 26 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Stefan Marian Choroszewski
 27 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Mieczysław Ipohorski-Lenkiewicz
 28 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Jan K. Motz
 29 Dywizja Piechoty - mjr Wacław Linhardt
 30 Poleska Dywizja Piechoty - rtm. Tadeusz Schollenberger
 Lądowa Obrona Wybrzeża, Gdyński Szwadron Krakusów - kpt. Mieczysław Budek

Szwadron kawalerii dywizyjnej nr 5 przeznaczony dla 5 DP mobilizował 14 pułk Ułanów Jazłowieckich, a zalążki wydzielał szwadron Policji Państwowej we Lwowie.

Szwadrony kawalerii dywizyjnej przeznaczone dla 11 DP, 12 DP, 33 DP rez., 35 DP rez., 36 DP rez. i 38 DP rez. mobilizowały szwadrony kawalerii KOP "Zaleszczyki", "Hniliszki", "Olkieniki", "Nowe Święciany", "Czortków" oraz "Stołpce" i "Kleck" dla ostatniej z wymienionych wielkich jednostek piechoty.

 5 Dywizja Piechoty – rtm. rez. Władysław Suchenek Suchecki
 11 Karpacka Dywizja Piechoty – rtm. Józef Dąbrowski
 12 Dywizja Piechoty – rtm. Jan Bilewicz
 33 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - rtm. Stanisław Kowalewski
 35 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - rtm. Romuald Dowbor
 36 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - rtm. Bronisław Riczka
 38 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - rtm. Stanisław Neyman
 39 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - ?
 41 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - mjr Józef Sienkiewicz
 44 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - ?
 45 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - ?
 50 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - kpt. Józef Godlewski
 55 Dywizja Piechoty (rezerwowa) - ppor. Józef Koc
 60 Dywizja Piechoty - ppłk. Anatol Dworenko-Dworkin ("Bałachowiec")
 Dywizja Piechoty gen. J Wołkowickiego - rtm. Jan Tyblewski

Struktura organizacyjna szwadronu kawalerii dywizyjnej w 1939 roku

Etat wojenny
 Dowódca szwadronu
 Szef szwadronu
 4 plutony liniowe
 Pluton ciężkich karabinów maszynowych
 Pluton łączności
 Drużyna administracyjno-gospodarcza z taborem

Stan osobowy
 Oficerów – 7 (2 oficerów służby stałej, 5 oficerów rezerwy)
 Podoficerów – 6 służby stałej, pozostali rezerwiści
 Ułani i podoficerowie – 245 (rezerwiści)

Wyposażenie i uzbrojenie
 Konie – 272
 Ręczne karabiny maszynowe – 4
 Ciężkie karabiny maszynowe – 4 (na taczankach)
 Radiostacja – 1
 Broń osobista żołnierzy: karabinki, pistolety, szable, lance

Przypisy

Bibliografia

 Włodzimierz Dunin-Żuchowski (red.), KRAKUS. Podręcznik dla instruktorów i członków konnego przysposobienia wojskowego. Warszawa: Główna Księgarnia Wojskowa, 1938.
 Juliusz S. Tym, Przysposobienie Wojskowe Konne (1928-1939). Zarys dziejów, dokumenty i materiały, Oficyna Wydawnicza "Ajaks", Warszawa 2003,

Linki zewnętrzne

Historia wojskowości
Jazda Księstwa Warszawskiego
Kawaleria polska
Ordre de Bataille Wojska Polskiego II Rzeczypospolitej


text:
Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer
Masayuki Hagiwara, Eiji Kikuchi, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Takeo Kosaka, Shuji Mikami, Hideyuki Saya, Mototsugu Oya
Division of Diagnostic Pathology
Division of Gene Regulation
Background: Cisplatin is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or recurrent urothelial cancer. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is severely limited due to the development of cisplatin resistance. Cancer stem cells have been documented as one of the key hypotheses involved in chemoresistance. CD44v8-10 has been identified as one of the new cancer stem cells markers and was recently shown to enhance the antioxidant system by interaction with xCT, a subunit of the cystine transporter modulating intracellular glutathione synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical role of CD44v8-10 and the molecular mechanism underlying the acquisition of cisplatin resistance through CD44v8-10 in urothelial cancer. Methods: We analyzed the clinical significance of the immunohistochemical CD44v9 expression, which detects the immunogen of human CD44v8-10, in 77 urothelial cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy for recurrence and/or metastasis. We then evaluated the biological role of CD44v8-10 in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance using the urothelial cancer cell lines, T24 and T24PR, which were generated to acquire resistance to cisplatin. Results: The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was significantly lower in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (P = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that CD44v9 positivity was an independent risk factor of cancer-specific survival (P = 0.024, hazard ratio = 5.16) in urothelial cancer patients who had recurrence and/or metastasis and received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The expression of CD44v8-10 and xCT was stronger in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. The amount of intracellular glutathione was significantly higher in T24PR cells than in T24 cells (p < 0.001), and intracellular reactive oxygen species production by cisplatin was lower in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of CD44v8-10 by siRNA led to the recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in T24PR cells. Conclusions: CD44v9 in tumor specimens has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-chemoresistant population among urothelial cancer patients. CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione.
BMC Cancer
Small Interfering RNA
Chemoresistance
Variant isoform
Hagiwara, M., Kikuchi, E., Tanaka, N., Kosaka, T., Mikami, S., Saya, H., & Oya, M. (2018). Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer. BMC Cancer, 18(1), [113]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-3988-3
Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer. / Hagiwara, Masayuki; Kikuchi, Eiji; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Kosaka, Takeo; Mikami, Shuji; Saya, Hideyuki; Oya, Mototsugu.
In: BMC Cancer, Vol. 18, No. 1, 113, 31.01.2018.
Hagiwara, M, Kikuchi, E, Tanaka, N, Kosaka, T, Mikami, S, Saya, H & Oya, M 2018, 'Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer', BMC Cancer, vol. 18, no. 1, 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-3988-3
Hagiwara M, Kikuchi E, Tanaka N, Kosaka T, Mikami S, Saya H et al. Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer. BMC Cancer. 2018 Jan 31;18(1). 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-3988-3
Hagiwara, Masayuki ; Kikuchi, Eiji ; Tanaka, Nobuyuki ; Kosaka, Takeo ; Mikami, Shuji ; Saya, Hideyuki ; Oya, Mototsugu. / Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer. In: BMC Cancer. 2018 ; Vol. 18, No. 1.
@article{a780c2a0112e43ff9f2cb98dd30fc0e8,
title = "Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer",
abstract = "Background: Cisplatin is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or recurrent urothelial cancer. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is severely limited due to the development of cisplatin resistance. Cancer stem cells have been documented as one of the key hypotheses involved in chemoresistance. CD44v8-10 has been identified as one of the new cancer stem cells markers and was recently shown to enhance the antioxidant system by interaction with xCT, a subunit of the cystine transporter modulating intracellular glutathione synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical role of CD44v8-10 and the molecular mechanism underlying the acquisition of cisplatin resistance through CD44v8-10 in urothelial cancer. Methods: We analyzed the clinical significance of the immunohistochemical CD44v9 expression, which detects the immunogen of human CD44v8-10, in 77 urothelial cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy for recurrence and/or metastasis. We then evaluated the biological role of CD44v8-10 in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance using the urothelial cancer cell lines, T24 and T24PR, which were generated to acquire resistance to cisplatin. Results: The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was significantly lower in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (P = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that CD44v9 positivity was an independent risk factor of cancer-specific survival (P = 0.024, hazard ratio = 5.16) in urothelial cancer patients who had recurrence and/or metastasis and received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The expression of CD44v8-10 and xCT was stronger in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. The amount of intracellular glutathione was significantly higher in T24PR cells than in T24 cells (p < 0.001), and intracellular reactive oxygen species production by cisplatin was lower in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of CD44v8-10 by siRNA led to the recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in T24PR cells. Conclusions: CD44v9 in tumor specimens has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-chemoresistant population among urothelial cancer patients. CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione.",
keywords = "CD44, Chemoresistance, Cisplatin, Variant isoform, XCT",
author = "Masayuki Hagiwara and Eiji Kikuchi and Nobuyuki Tanaka and Takeo Kosaka and Shuji Mikami and Hideyuki Saya and Mototsugu Oya",
journal = "BMC Cancer",
T1 - Variant isoforms of CD44 involves acquisition of chemoresistance to cisplatin and has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-resistant population in urothelial cancer
AU - Hagiwara, Masayuki
AU - Kikuchi, Eiji
AU - Tanaka, Nobuyuki
AU - Kosaka, Takeo
AU - Mikami, Shuji
AU - Saya, Hideyuki
AU - Oya, Mototsugu
N2 - Background: Cisplatin is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or recurrent urothelial cancer. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is severely limited due to the development of cisplatin resistance. Cancer stem cells have been documented as one of the key hypotheses involved in chemoresistance. CD44v8-10 has been identified as one of the new cancer stem cells markers and was recently shown to enhance the antioxidant system by interaction with xCT, a subunit of the cystine transporter modulating intracellular glutathione synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical role of CD44v8-10 and the molecular mechanism underlying the acquisition of cisplatin resistance through CD44v8-10 in urothelial cancer. Methods: We analyzed the clinical significance of the immunohistochemical CD44v9 expression, which detects the immunogen of human CD44v8-10, in 77 urothelial cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy for recurrence and/or metastasis. We then evaluated the biological role of CD44v8-10 in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance using the urothelial cancer cell lines, T24 and T24PR, which were generated to acquire resistance to cisplatin. Results: The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was significantly lower in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (P = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that CD44v9 positivity was an independent risk factor of cancer-specific survival (P = 0.024, hazard ratio = 5.16) in urothelial cancer patients who had recurrence and/or metastasis and received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The expression of CD44v8-10 and xCT was stronger in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. The amount of intracellular glutathione was significantly higher in T24PR cells than in T24 cells (p < 0.001), and intracellular reactive oxygen species production by cisplatin was lower in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of CD44v8-10 by siRNA led to the recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in T24PR cells. Conclusions: CD44v9 in tumor specimens has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-chemoresistant population among urothelial cancer patients. CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione.
AB - Background: Cisplatin is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with metastatic and/or recurrent urothelial cancer. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is severely limited due to the development of cisplatin resistance. Cancer stem cells have been documented as one of the key hypotheses involved in chemoresistance. CD44v8-10 has been identified as one of the new cancer stem cells markers and was recently shown to enhance the antioxidant system by interaction with xCT, a subunit of the cystine transporter modulating intracellular glutathione synthesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical role of CD44v8-10 and the molecular mechanism underlying the acquisition of cisplatin resistance through CD44v8-10 in urothelial cancer. Methods: We analyzed the clinical significance of the immunohistochemical CD44v9 expression, which detects the immunogen of human CD44v8-10, in 77 urothelial cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based systemic chemotherapy for recurrence and/or metastasis. We then evaluated the biological role of CD44v8-10 in the acquisition of cisplatin resistance using the urothelial cancer cell lines, T24 and T24PR, which were generated to acquire resistance to cisplatin. Results: The 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was significantly lower in the CD44v9-positive group than in the CD44v9-negative group (P = 0.008). Multivariate analyses revealed that CD44v9 positivity was an independent risk factor of cancer-specific survival (P = 0.024, hazard ratio = 5.16) in urothelial cancer patients who had recurrence and/or metastasis and received cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The expression of CD44v8-10 and xCT was stronger in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. The amount of intracellular glutathione was significantly higher in T24PR cells than in T24 cells (p < 0.001), and intracellular reactive oxygen species production by cisplatin was lower in T24PR cells than in T24 cells. Furthermore, the knockdown of CD44v8-10 by siRNA led to the recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in T24PR cells. Conclusions: CD44v9 in tumor specimens has potential as a novel indicator for identifying a cisplatin-chemoresistant population among urothelial cancer patients. CD44v8-10 contributes to reactive oxygen species defenses, which are involved in chemoresistance, by promoting the function of xCT, which adjusts the synthesis of glutathione.
KW - CD44
KW - Chemoresistance
KW - Cisplatin
KW - Variant isoform
KW - XCT
JO - BMC Cancer
JF - BMC Cancer


text:
Issa Rae Makes History as 1st Person to Receive the Keys to the City of Inglewood
'I'm a little emotional, I'm trying to be thug right now,' the Insecure creator said in her acceptance speech.
Shanelle Genai
Issa Rae attends HBO's final season premiere of "Insecure" at Kenneth Hahn Park on October 21, 2021 in Los Angeles, California.
Photo: Amy Sussman (Getty Images)
It looks like one of our forever tv, film, and all-around faves, Issa "Always Doing GOAT Shit" Rae, has added yet another title to her resume: Queen of Inglewood.
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According to People, over the weekend, the Insecure star was awarded the prestigious (and hella fitting) honor during the Taste of Inglewood ceremony. Presented by Mayor James T. Butts, he explained that the multi-hyphenate was the first person to ever receive the keys in the city's 114-year history.
"So we present the very first key in over 114 years of incorporation of the city of Inglewood to Issa Rae, the Queen of Inglewood," Butts said.
"I'm a little emotional, I'm trying to be a thug right now. The mayor really flabbergasted me in that this is the first key," a clearly choked-up Rae said in her acceptance speech. "It's a huge honor and I just want to thank you all so much for your support. Thank you to the mayor, thank you to the city of Inglewood for making it so easy for us to film here, for helping us to showcase this city that I love so much."
She further added, "I have to give love to my grandparents who have lived here, who have lived in Briarwood for a long time and who established my first point of view of Inglewood and love the city themselves; my mom and my sister who live here actively. And just for being here, I have to give a shout-out to my collaborators and my company members at Hoorae who have come out here to support me. But I'm truly honored to receive this. I will always put on for my city. Inglewood, South L.A., stand up."
I know that's right!
If this news is feeling a bit deja vu-ish, then your brain might be remembering that one scene from episode eight from the final season of Insecure, in which she partly envisions herself as a hometown heroine making a lasting impact in Inglewood and receiving the keys to the city as well.
Talk about "dreamed it, then real lifed-it." Congrats to Issa "Keys to the Muhfuggin City" Rae.
CulturePhilanthropy


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Shield Hero Season 2 Episode 7 Preview Video and Images Revealed
By: Eric Himmelheber Sep 14, 2022
The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 episode 7 preview video was released on the official KADOKAWAAnime Youtube channel on Monday—preview images were
The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 episode 7 preview video was released on the official KADOKAWAAnime Youtube channel on Monday—preview images were also released on the official site. After plenty of incredible moments last week, it looks like episode 7 will slow things down while also giving us some interesting surprises, including a new character!
Shield Hero Season 2 Enters New Chapter With New Key Visual
Shield Hero Season 2 Takes a Drastic Leap Forward With Episode 6
Now that the Spirit Tortoise is finally defeated, the season will finally move on to its next chapter in the story. There are a few noticeable things from the preview, one of those being Raphtalia's body going back to her younger self. While it's just her back showing, it's clear that's what happened given Rishia and Naofumi's reactions to her. And the answer for that lies in the preview—all of their levels fell back down to one. With a new character introduction and them in a new world, one has to wonder if the two are connected. But for any of those that caught it, before Naofumi jumped into the wormhole in episode 6, his shield gave him a warning that he could now enter a new world, but only under specific conditions.
Ichii Ippei (Kingdom, Quintessential Quintuplets) is directing the episode and will also be handling the storyboard. Kota Sera (episodes 2, 4, and 6) and Masahiro Suwa (episode 3) will both work as chief animation directors. Keigo Koyanagi will remain the scriptwriter.
The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 finally took back a top-10 spot in our last weekly poll after being left off for a few weeks. Now that the series has finally taken a giant leap forward after a slow start, The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 is looking to lock in yet another top-10 spot in this week's poll. So make sure to vote for the series in our week seven poll and keep The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 in the top-10!
Episode 7 of The Rising of the Shield Hero Season 2 will air on Wednesday, May 18, on Crunchyroll.
Images via the official site
©2021 Aneko Yusagi / KADOKAWA / Shield Hero S2 Production Committee
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A single pump booster set c/w a category 5 break tank 100 or 240lts and mounted on a baseplate c/w anti-vibration mounts. Options with fixed speed or variable speed pump. Break tank with type AB air gap & 1/2" ball valve.


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Q: Flutter camera plugin to transcode and transport streams to Media Server What direction should i look for Flutter camera audio/video stream to RTMP Media Server?
Developing a live broadcasting solution,
Our attempts so far;
I. PWA approach, Antmedia WebRTC SDK was used to establish WebRTC ICE candidate connection between web mobile and antmedia server.
Problem faced: seems connection too heavy for some phones. One of my phones was able to stream through.
II. Looked in the direction of hybrid, i have been searching internet for cordova/ionic SDK for live streaming to RTMP Media Server, no luck so far. Found bambuser https://www.npmjs.com/package/cordova-plugin-bambuser, seems the SDK is tied to their live streaming services.
Please, what do i need to know? Also need expert review on Flutter camera plugin Image-Bytes access + ffmpeg for encoding and transporting streams to RTMP url rtmp://SERVER_NAME/LiveApp/STREAM_ID

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The emphasis will be on bringing together a critical mass of resources and knowledge across different fields, technologies and scientific disciplines in order to address challenges and activities will cover the full cycle from research to market, with a focus on innovation-related activities, such as piloting, demonstration, test-beds, support for public procurement, social innovation and market take-up of innovations. Finally, social sciences and humanities shall be an integral part of the activities to address all the challenges.
Marie Curie actions will provide excellent and innovative research training plus attractive career and knowledge-exchange opportunities through cross-border and cross-sector mobility of researchers to best prepare them to face current and future societal challenges.
Future and Emerging Technologies will support collaborative research in order to extend Europe's capacity for advanced and paradigm-changing innovation. They foster scientific collaboration across disciplines on radically new, high-risk ideas and accelerate development of the most promising emerging areas of science and technology as well as the EU-wide structuring of the corresponding scientific communities.
Research Infrastructures will develop European research infrastructure for 2020 and beyond, foster their innovation potential and human capital, and add the related European Union policy and international cooperation.
These activities are focused on building skills in the long term and on the next generation of science, technology, researchers and innovations and providing support for emerging talent from across the whole of the European Union and associated countries, as well as worldwide.
Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies which will provide dedicated support for research, development and demonstration on ICT, nanotechnology, advanced materials, biotechnology, advanced manufacturing and processing and space. Emphasis will be placed on interactions and convergence across and between the different technologies.
Innovation in SMEs which will stimulate all forms of innovation in SMEs, targeting those with the potential to grow and internationalise across the single market and beyond.
Horizon 2020 will take an integrated approach to the participation of SMEs, which could lead to around 15% of the total combined budgets for all specific objectives on societal challenges and the specific objective on 'Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies' being devoted to SMEs.
The 'Societal Challenges ' theme and Marie Curie Actions found in the 'Excellent Science' theme are most relevant to BU staff and therefore Wednesday and Thursday's blog posts will focus on these respectively.


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Q: 'Argument types do not match' when using ProjectTo after Automapper migration from v8 to v9 After migration to latest version of AutoMapper(from v8 to v9) I have issue with ProjectTo method. When projecting from ICollection to IReadOnlyCollection I get System.ArgumentException: 'Argument types do not match'.
public class Source
{
    public ICollection<int> Collection { get; set; } = new HashSet<int>();
}

public class Destination
{
    public IReadOnlyCollection<int> Collection { get; set; } = new HashSet<int>();
}

public class Profile : AutoMapper.Profile
{
    public Profile() { CreateMap<Source, Destination>(); }
}

//This line throws exception
var mapped = mapper.ProjectTo<Destination>(src);

I just wonder if this is expected behavior or bug. I did not find any related changes in changelog.