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Category Archives: Election
Ten Things Joe Biden and Kamala Harris Should Do for Detroit
There are two reasons Detroit should have a special place in President-elect Joe Biden's heart. First, because Detroit needs real help–now. And second is because Detroit is one of the key places that brought his victory. Detroiters voted in massive numbers for him and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris, and Democrats will need Detroit voters to win again. As the saying goes, you need to dance with the ones who brung you.
Here, then, are ten agenda items Biden and Harris should prioritize—giving back to a City that helped bring them into office.
1.Make plenty of vaccine doses available. Unemployment linked to COVID-19 closures have hit the poor and those in service jobs far harder than other industries. Unemployment numbers are more than double in Detroit than in Michigan. More vaccines mean it's safer to go back to work, and Detroiters need that work and the accompanying income now. That will improve many other things mentioned here, including reducing violence.
2. Reduce the violence. We've seen major increases in murders and shootings. On surveys through the years, Detroiters have consistently said public safety is at the top of their agenda, but that does not translate to a desire for heavy duty police enforcement across the board. Rather than defund the police, Biden should talk about demilitarizing the police and making them responsive to the true needs of the community. Detroit citizens want tough action against the repeated violent offenders, but they want first time offenders and others diverted out of stigmatizing court process into community service, education and job training programs. For example, police regularly stop hundreds of people and arrest them for carrying illegal weapons. We need to divert these citizens into training programs that teach them about the risks of violence. We need to use conflict deflectors and de-escalators to reduce violence. Increased participation in youth sports and utilization of open community centers will also help deter violence. While many of these outlets have been closed and cancelled due to COVID restrictions, we must find ways to continue to offer such opportunities.
3. Reduce domestic violence. Domestic violence, already high in Detroit, has increased under COVID-19, and the enforcement of parole violations for domestic violence offenders by Michigan Department of Corrections has declined.
Detroit has far fewer shelter beds than surrounding communities for survivors of domestic violence (DV) or intimate partner violence (IPV). This needs to be corrected immediately. Beyond that, survivors need to have far more access to advocates who can help them navigate the complex legal and support systems that do exist. They need more financial help to pay for things like moving to safe locations and serving Personal Protection Orders that are intended to help shield survivors from further violence.
4. Increase jobs for youth. Detroit youth have extraordinary unemployment levels, well above the already high adult unemployment levels. This is a crisis, especially because we know that this will affect their lifetime earnings and connection to the workforce. Such high levels have led to challenges to democracy itself in other times and countries.
We need broad, youth employment programs funded by the federal government and operated by non-profits that do real work to help improve Detroit. These jobs must create job ladders for youth so they have a future in which to invest.
5.Increase support for youth to go to college, apprenticeships, and training at community colleges. Many youth have no real way to pay for college.
We need to increase Pell Grants very substantially so youth who want higher education can get it without having a lifetime of debt, as so many do now. Apprenticeships and training in the skilled trades also often lead to good jobs with benefits and high wages—sometimes higher than college-educated jobs. These opportunities also need more funding so the youth have access to an even wider range of skills and jobs.
6.Fully fund special education. In Michigan, charter schools are implemented in a manner where they generally recruit higher performing students from the public schools, leaving the public schools with fewer higher performing students—who tend to cost less to educate. In major urban areas, charter schools proliferate and the public schools end up with a disproportionate share of special education students, which the charter schools avoid. These students cost more to educate. Because special education is not fully funded by the federal government, the costs are off loaded onto urban school districts in Michigan. These costs drive urban school districts into debt and decline. None of this makes it onto the debate stage, but this is the crucial work that needs to be completed to help Detroit and other cities like it. More federal funding is needed for special education students.
7.Invest massively in home repair. Detroit's housing is crumbling with 63% of the housing units having at least one major health hazard. Lead paint, lack of heat, flooding, asbestos, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), structural hazards, fire hazards—these are all present across the range of homes in Detroit both for homeowners and renters.
Detroiters don't have the money to pay for all these repairs, and Community Development Block Grant dollars continue to decrease. Money for repairs of existing homes is needed to make them safe and to protect existing residents from disease, injuries and break-ins. This will also protect them from gentrification.
8.Protect homeowners from foreclosure. This is a perennial issue in Detroit that turns into a crisis with every recession. In the Great Recession, many thousands of homes were wrenched from homeowners. Now foreclosures are high again.
Short term cash and longer term re-writing of mortgage agreements are critical to short circuiting this endless cycle of foreclosures that has already made Detroit a majority renter city. This too will protect existing homeowners from gentrification.
9.Invest heavily in weatherization. One the highest costs that Detroiters face are their utility bills, both for renters and homeowners. Leaky old houses mean huge heating bills that often take up a large part of the budgets of low and moderate income households. In neighborhoods like Southwest Detroit, where industry and traffic pollute the air, this weatherization should also include air filters to clear the air that people breathe most of the time (Americans typically spend 80% of their time in their homes).
The Obama Administration initiated a large weatherization program but the budget for that got nixed by the GOP in Congress. Now is the time to move forward with this both for the sake of everyday Detroiters and the sake of the planet.
10.Build Community Solar. Unlike many cities, Detroit has lots of open space that could be used for solar energy production. DTE, our local utility, mainly produces electricity from coal, which hurts the planet and the lungs of Detroiters. And, Michigan produces none of this coal. Another way to help Detroiters reduce their utility cost is use some of the massive amount of vacant land in the city for building community solar installations. With investment from the federal government, these could be owned by Community Development Corporations or others who could sell the solar power at cost to homeowners nearby. Investing in these small-scale production facilities would produce installer jobs for Detroiters, increase reliance on alternative sources of electricity, cut costs for citizens and make appropriate use of vacant land.
Posted in: Crime, Economy, Education, Election, In the news, Politics | Tagged: Drawing Detroit, Joe Biden, Joe Biden Detroit, Kamala Harris
Communities with Higher Non-White Populations Tend to Remain Democratic
February 7, 2017 by Drawing Detroit | Leave a comment
Several of the areas that flipped from Democratic to Republican from the 2012 to 2016 Presidential Elections had populations composed of 15 percent or less non-white populations. There were exceptions to this though in areas in Southern Macomb County and Romulus in Wayne County. The Southeastern Michigan regional map below also highlights that Republican areas, in both elections, almost exclusively had populations where 15 percent or less of the residents were non-white.
Detroit, Highland Park and Royal Oak Township, had the highest percentages of non-white residents and also went Democratic in both elections.
In Warren the non-white population is 26 percent, and it was here and in Sterling Heights were several precincts flipped from Democratic to Republican in Macomb County. Sterling Heights's non-white population is 16 percent. Portions of Roseville also flipped from Democratic to Republican and here the non-white population is 23 percent.
Of the Macomb County communities with several of precincts that flipped, St. Clair Shores had the lowest percentage of non-white residents at 8 percent. These communities that flipped also had middle-class incomes, as shown in our previous post.
In the areas in Oakland County that flipped from Republican to Democratic (Birmingham, Bloomfield Hills) the percentage of the non-white population typically ranged between 10 and 25 percent. Of those communities, West Bloomfield had the highest percentage of non-whites at 25 percent.
As shown in our previous post, these areas also had some of the highest median incomes in the region.
Of the communities in Oakland County that had several precincts that remained Republican in both elections, Novi and Troy had the highest percentage of non-white populations, 14 and 31 percent, respectively.
Communities that remained entirely Republican across both elections varied substantially from many that had less than ten or even 5 percent non-white to a few precincts that had between 10 and 50 percent non-white residents.
The City of Southfield had the highest percentage of non-white populations of the communities that remained Democratic at 75 percent.
Highland Park and Detroit had among the highest non-white populations in both the region and the state. Both of these communities, along with several others surrounding them (River Rouge, Ecorse, Redford, etc.) went Democratic in the 2012 and 2016 elections. As we've highlighted throughout this series, the Downriver area had several communities flip from Democratic in 2012 to Republican in 2016. These communities have mid-range incomes, and the majority, with the exception of Brownstown and Taylor, had non-white populations below 15 percent. Brownstown had a non-white population of 16 percent and Taylor had one of 23 percent.
Pittsfield, Superior and Ypsilanti had the highest percentages of non-white populations in Washtenaw County, with the City of Ypsilanti having the highest at 38 percent. It was Lima, Sylvan and portions of Dexter, Webster, Lodi and Pittsfield townships that flipped from Republican to Democratic between the two elections. Pittsfield had the highest percentage of non-white populations of these communities at 37 percent and Webster had the lowest at 3 percent.
While there were portions of Dexter that flipped Democratic, there were also portions that flipped Republican. The township's non-white population stands at 3 percent. However in Augusta and Lyndon, two communities that flipped entirely Republican, the non-white population percentages were 14 and 10 percent, respectively.
Our last post showed that majority of the communities that flipped from Democratic to Republican had mid-range incomes. In this post the data does not show a consistent trend on the racial makeup of communities that flipped. For example, in Southern Macomb County, Warren, Roseville, Sterling Heights and Clinton Township all had non-white populations above 15 percent while in the Downriver communities in Wayne County majority had non-white populations below 15 percent (Taylor and Brownstown were the exception).
One trend this post did show though was that communities with non-white populations above 25 percent went Democratic in both elections. On the opposite end of the spectrum, areas that stayed Republican across both elections almost always had populations where 15 percent or less of the residents were non-white.
Majority of Metro-Detroit's Communities that Flipped Republican have Middle Class Incomes
January 30, 2017 by Drawing Detroit | Leave a comment
In our last post regarding the 2016 Presidential election we highlighted what areas in Southeastern Michigan flipped from Democratic to Republican, or Republican to Democratic. The most notable switch occurred in Macomb County where, much of the southern portion of the County went from voting Democratic in 2012 to Republican in 2016. This switch was also noticeably evident in the Downriver area of Wayne County.
In the 2016, Detroit and its inner-ring suburbs (Ferndale, Royal Oak, parts of Warren, etc.), along with Ann Arbor and its surrounding cities to the east and west, had Democratic Candidate Hillary Clinton as the winning candidate. However, a large share of the region went to now President Donald Trump, including all of Livingston and St. Clair counties and majority of Macomb and nearly all of Monroe counties.
To shine additional light on the 2016 Presidential election, we will now be looking at the socioeconomic characteristics of the region, alongside which Presidential candidate won where. For this post, we will be discussing median income, particularly of the areas that flipped between the 2012 and 2016 elections.
When examining the region overall, the map below shows that majority of the areas in Southeastern Michigan that flipped from Democratic to Republican have a mid-range ($45,000-$70,000) median income. As we get further into the details of the region, we see this to be a defining factor for this group of precincts. Of the areas that have remained Republican, median incomes range from between $45,000 and to over $100,000. Of the areas that remained Democratic the median incomes range from about $17,000 to $100,000.
A deeper look at Macomb County shows that majority of the areas that switched from voting Democratic in 2012 to Republican in 2016 have a median income between $45,000 and $70,000. This is true for St. Clair Shores, Sterling Heights and parts of Chesterfield, Lenox, Harrison and Clinton townships, all of which had at least one precinct flip. In the northern part of Macomb County, which voted Republican in 2012 and 2016, the median income is above $70,000.
While portions of Warren also flipped from Democratic to Republican, it is categorized as having a median income below $45,000. But, as noted earlier, the city's median income is $44,000.
In Oakland County, there were some high income areas-Bloomfield Township, Bloomfield Hills and Birmingham-that flipped to Democratic. However, we see that majority of the County went Republican in 2012 and 2016, and majority of these communities have median incomes above $70,000. The communities in the southeastern portion of Oakland County (Ferndale, Royal Oak, Oak Park) have remained Democratic communities for both elections and their median incomes top out at $70,000. Pleasant Ridge and Huntington Woods are two higher income (above $70,000) communities in that portion of the County that have traditionally gone Democratic.
As noted earlier, it was the Downriver portion of Wayne County that flipped from Democratic to Republican for the 2016 election. In this portion of the County (Trenton, Woodhaven, Riverview, Flatrock, Gibraltar, Rockwood, etc.) 10 of the communities have a median income between $45,000 and $70,000. Parts of Taylor (median income below $45,000) and Brownstown (median income between $70,000 and $100,000) also switched.
Throughout Wayne County, median incomes vary greatly, with communities located on the County's north eastside (Detroit, Hamtramck, Highland Park and Ecorse, etc.) having a median incomes below $45,000 and communities on the northwest side (Northville, Canton, Livonia) having median incomes above $70,000. Communities with median incomes between the two extremes are also scattered throughout the county. In Wayne County, of the 14 communities with median incomes above $70,000, 10 had a large Republican turnout. Of that 10, four showed precincts that flipped from Democratic to Republican, while the rest remained Republican between 2012 and 2016.
In Washtenaw County, there are no communities that have a median income less than $45,000. Of the four that had precincts flip from Democratic to Republican between the two elections, the median incomes range between $67,000 (Northfield) and $94,000 (Dexter).
Of the communities that with precincts that flipped from Republican to Democratic, five had median incomes above $70,000 and one had a median income at $69,000.
By examining the election data alongside median income data, we are able to determine there were 32 communities with median incomes between $45,000 and $70,000 with at least one precinct that flipped from Democratic to Republican between the 2012 and 2016 elections. When the opposite occurred-an area flipped from Republican to Democratic-the median income of that area was above $70,000.
Next week we will look at the election outcomes while also looking at the racial makeup of Southeastern Michigan's communities.
Posted in: Election, In the news | Tagged: 2016 Election, Detroit maps, Drawing Detroit, Macomb County Election
Where Did the RTA Fail in Southeastern Michigan?
In November 2016 the concept of regional transportation in Southeastern Michigan lost again. On the Nov. 8 ballot was a question asking residents of Macomb, Oakland Wayne (including Detroit) and Washtenaw counties if they would fund a 1.2 mill tax (about $120 a year for a homes with a taxable value of $100,000) for 20 years.
If passed, the millage would have created main transportation routes along Woodward, Gratiot and Michigan avenues (some of which would have eventually used Bus Rapid Transit), along with connector lines going east to west throughout Wayne, Oakland, Macomb and Washtenaw counties. However, only Wayne and Washtenaw counties supported the millage overall. In Oakland County the millage fell short of approval by 1,109 votes (50.1 percent of voters voted against it) and in Macomb County the measure failed with 60 percent of voters voting against it.
Currently in Southeastern Michigan, public transportation is fragmented, at best. Parts of Wayne, Oakland and Macomb counties are serviced by the Suburban Mobility Authority of Regional Transit (SMART), a transportation system that was created in 1967. However, in Oakland and Wayne counties communities can opt-out of the system, meaning they do not need to support its funding or have routes accessible in their community. Macomb County, through legislation passed by the County Board of Commissioners, is an entirely opt-in community. This means either the majority of the county supports SMART funding when it goes up for renewal and/or increases or it doesn't; the county as a whole has historically supported SMART.
Despite Macomb County being completely opt-in for SMART, only one municipality supported the RTA millage in November; it was Mount Clemens-the county seat. According to the Macomb County Clerk's Department 55 percent of voters in Mount Clemens supported the millage and 45 percent voted against it.
In Oakland County, 23 of the 51 municipalities in the region supported the RTA millage, with the inner-ring suburbs like Ferndale (72% yes), Pleasant Ridge (74% yes) and Huntington Woods (76% percent yes) showing the highest support. Unlike Macomb County, Oakland County is not an entirely "opt-in" community for SMART, meaning individual municipalities decide whether they want to fund/participate in the region's current form of public transportation. Ferndale, Pleasant Ridge and Huntington Woods all opt-into SMART, as do some of the Oakland County communities that were just above 50 percent of voters supporting the RTA millage; these communities include Bloomfield Township and Birmingham. Troy and Bloomfield Hills are two communities in Oakland County though that participate in SMART but did not approve the RTA millage.
In Wayne County, where there are SMART routes and where the Detroit Department of Transportation (DDOT) operates, communities like Detroit, Hamtramck, Highland Park, Dearborn and Redford Township (which all participate in SMART) voted to approve the RTA millage. However, communities on the western side of the county and a majority of the downriver communities (despite some participating in SMART-like Trenton) did not approve of the transportation millage. Overall, 53 percent of Wayne County voters voted to approve the RTA millage.
Washtenaw County does not participate in SMART (the transit system is limited to Macomb, Oakland and Wayne counties) but it does have the Ann Arbor Transit Authority (AATA). Of those who voted on this measure, 53 percent supported the millage in the county. Overall, eight of the 27 communities in the county supported the millage. However, those with the highest populations (Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti) showed high support for the regional transportation tax.
Despite not having a long-term funding mechanism, the RTA currently operates RefleX, which is a supplemental ride system along Woodward and Gratiot avenues; these services did not eliminate any SMART or DDOT stops/lines. However, the RTA is only funded by the State through Sept. 30, 2017. After that though, its future is uncertain. With the regional transportation millage failing, the RTA is left without a solid funding source and cannot go to the voters with another tax proposal until 2018. According to Public Act 387 of 2012 (which created the RTA), the RTA can receive money through voter approved millage funding and/or an additional fee that may accompany state driver registration fees. Ballot initiatives can only be placed on ballots during presidential or gubernatorial elections.
Members of the RTA Board of Directors or Executive Staff have not publicly stated their future plans or ideas for funding mechanisms. While funding mechanisms would need to be identified, negotiating interlocal agreements between communities that want transit might be an incremental means of supplementing the fragmented systems currently in place. For example, there are no direct public transportation routes between Ann Arbor and Detroit[1] even though Ann Arbor, Detroit and DTW are the most desired routes, according to surveys. Both Wayne and Washtenaw Counties voted for the RTA, so it seems feasible that enterprising public officials in those two counties could negotiate an agreement to move forward on creating services, knowing both that their residents voted for services and that they want those routes.
[1] It might be possible for an ambitious soul to take a bus from Ann Arbor to the Detroit Metropolitan Airport (DTW) and then shift to a SMART bus and transfer to a DDOT bus into Detroit.
Posted in: Election, In the news, Infrastructure | Tagged: Detroit maps, Detroit Transportation, Drawing Detroit, Regional Transit, RTA
Change Evident in Southeastern Michigan for Presidential Election
On Nov. 8, 2016 election results showed that then Republican nominee Donald Trump was elected to serve as the nation's 45th President; Michigan was one of the states that went red for President-Elect Trump. In 2012 though President Barack Obama, the then Democratic candidate up for re-election, won Michigan, helping assure his second term in the White House. To show exactly what locations swung from Democratic to Republican or Republican to Democratic in the 2016 Presidential Election, voting results by precinct were taken from the Michigan Secretary of State and the County Elections offices and mapped. Even just a glance at the maps shows where significant change occurred-Macomb and Monroe Counties-but our deeper look at the precincts also shows precisely where change occurred throughout Oakland, Washtenaw and Wayne counties. In many cases, the change shown is of an area where residents voted Democratic in 2012 and Republican in 2016, but there were instances of the opposite as well.
In the 2016 map we see that Detroit and its inner-ring suburbs (Ferndale, Royal Oak, parts of Warren, etc.), along with Ann Arbor and its surrounding cities to the east and west, had Democratic Candidate Hillary Clinton as the winning candidate. There was also a pocket in the City of Monroe that went to Clinton. However, a large share of the region went to President-Elect Donald Trump, including all of Livingston and St. Clair counties and majority of Macomb and nearly all of Monroe counties.
The two counties in the region that had the largest number of precincts switching from Democratic to Republican from the 2012 to 2016 election were Macomb and Monroe counties. In 2016 53.6 percent of the votes went to the Republican nominee (President-Elect Trump) in Macomb County while in 2012 47.5 percent of the vote went to then Republican nominee Mitt Romney, according to the election results. In Monroe County in 2016 58.4 percent of the votes went to the Republican nominee (President-Elect Trump) in Monroe County and in 2012 that number was 48.9 percent for the Republican nominee, according to the election results.
When drilling down into Macomb County we see that the central portion of Sterling Heights, the northern portion of Warren, majority of St. Clair Shores and pockets of precincts in Lenox, Chesterfield, Clinton, Harrison, Richmond and Shelby townships and in the cities of Fraser, Utica and Roseville flipped from Democratic to Republican precincts between the 2012 and 2016 elections. There was not one precinct in Macomb County that switched from Republican to Democrat between the 2012 and 2016 elections, according to county election results.
In Monroe County we see that the city of Monroe and Dundee, London, Erie, Exeter, Berlin and Rainsville townships switched from Democratic in 2012 to Republican in 2016. Similar to Macomb, there were no precincts in Monroe County that had the reverse switch, going from Republican in 2012 to Democratic in 2016.
While overall, Wayne County remained Democratic in the 2016 election, a drill down on the municipalities and precincts shows that nearly all of the Downriver region
(Trenton, Woodhaven, Flat Rock, Gibraltar, Rockwood, Brownstown, Riverview and portions of Wyandotte, Southgate, Taylor and Allen Park) switched from voting Democratic in the 2012 election to going for the Republican Presidential nominee in 2016. Additionally, all of Garden City made that switch, as did portions of Huron, Sumpter and Van Buren townships, along with areas in Westland, Romulus and Livonia. Overall in Wayne County in 2016, 66 percent of the vote went to Democratic nominee Clinton and 29 percent went to Trump, according to the official Wayne County election results. In 2012 though 73 percent of the vote went to the Democratic nominee (Obama) while 26 percent went to the Republican nominee (Romney), according to election results.
Washtenaw County, unlike Macomb and Monroe, had several precincts in 2016 that switched from being Republican in 2012 to being Democratic in 2016. All precincts in Lima and Sylvan townships switched from Republican in 2012 to Democratic in 2016, and about half of the precincts in Dexter and Lodi townships did the same. Augusta and Lyndon townships did the opposite, switching from Democratic to Republican between the two elections.
In Oakland County, overall, 44 percent of the voters voted for the Republican nominee (Trump) and 52 percent voted for the Democratic nominee (Clinton) in 2016, according to county elections results. In 2012 though there was a higher percentage of votes cast for both the Republican and Democratic nominees. In 2012 the Republican nominee (Romney) received 45 percent of the vote and the Democratic nominee (Obama) received 54 percent of the vote, according to county election results. In 2016, there were pockets of precincts-primarily in the Bloomfield-Birmingham area-that switched from Republican to Democratic. Birmingham though was the only municipality that switched nearly in its entirety. There were also about a dozen precincts that made the opposite switch (from Democratic to Republican) between the two most recent Presidential elections; those switches primarily occurred in the municipalities that have remained Republican in both elections.
With the evident change between the 2012 and 2016 Presidential elections in Southeastern Michigan, we will embark on a detailed series showing not only where the change occurred, as we did in this post, but also how it relates to socioeconomic data, voter turnout and third party votes. Stay tuned for another post related to the 2016 election in the coming weeks.
Posted in: Election | Tagged: 2016 Election, Detroit maps, Drawing Detroit, Macomb County Election
Raw data on Detroit's mayoral race: Duggan takes Detroit
November 10, 2013 February 24, 2015 by drawingdadmin | Leave a comment
On Nov. 5 Mike Duggan, former Detroit Medical Center CEO, was elected as Detroit's next mayor, over Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon. To see the raw data related to this race for the November election and the August primary click here.
Changes in Detroit and tri-county State Representative characteristics after the 2012 Election
March 3, 2013 February 24, 2015 by Drawing Detroit | Leave a comment
One of our recent posts examined several characteristics of the State Representatives who represented Detroit and the tri-county region (Oakland, Macomb, and Wayne) during the 2011-12 term. In this week's post, we compare the characteristics for legislators in the 2011-12 term to those who are currently serving. This will illustrate some effects of the November election and the new apportionment plan for the state House. The other unique aspect of Michigan's 2012 election was the transition to the state's new apportionment plan. As a result of this election, many new representatives now sit in the state House, 42 of whom represent districts in Detroit and the tri-county area. Here we will examine some characteristics of these 42 officials.
The tri-county area lost three districts as a result of the new apportionment plan (a district is considered to be in Detroit or the tri county area if the majority of the district is geographically within Detroit or one of the tri-county's boundaries, respectively). Detroit did not gain or lose any districts, although under the new apportionment plan, several Detroit districts no longer represent Detroit exclusively, and now contain portions of surrounding areas. According to the new plan there are now five districts that represent Detroit exclusively; last term there were nine.
The chart above compares all 42 of the current representatives in the tri-county area to their 45 predecessors on the basis of four criteria: party affiliation, gender, membership in the legislative Black Caucus, and committee leadership (a legislator is considered a committee leader if he or she is the chair, vice chair, and minority vice chair on one or more state House committees. This definition allows members of the minority party to be included). Overall, the percentage of Democratic tri-county representatives has remained roughly the same, declining only somewhat after the 2012 election. This slight decline occurred despite President Barack Obama's electoral strength in the tri-counties. A smaller percentage of women now represent the region compared to the previous term. Furthermore, a smaller percentage of tri-county representatives are members of the legislative Black Caucus. In contrast to these declines, however, a greater percentage of this region's representatives serve as committee leaders during the 2013-14 term. Oakland, Macomb and Wayne counties, along with Detroit, all saw an increase in the number of representatives who entered their third term after the 2012 election; in turn there were fewer freshman entering. This means we can expect substantial turnover in the next term.
•A considerable majority (64%) of representatives are Democrats;
•Women constitute 24% of tri-county representatives;
•Only 21% are members of the legislative Black Caucus (membership in the legislative Black Caucus does not necessarily reflect racial identification;)
•The majority (57%) of tri-county representatives hold committee leadership posts during the 2013-14 term;
•Just over one third of Detroit's representatives are now serving their third terms and exactly half are in their second terms. The proportions are very similar for representatives in outlying tri-county districts, except that a greater percentage of freshman representatives (21%) are serving the region outside of Detroit.
In this chart, and the remainder of the charts in this post, the percentage of representatives that represent the specific criteria being examined correspond with the height of the bar. When looking at the number above each bar, that represents that number of representatives that make up each percentage.
The increase in committee leadership is driven by the higher percentage of state representatives from Detroit who are now committee leaders. The chart above reveals the magnitude of this increase. The chart also reveals that, as with the tri-county region as a whole, a smaller percentage of Detroit's state representatives are women and members of the legislative Black Caucus. As with the previous term, all state representatives of Detroit are Democrats.
Last term, Detroit had 12 representatives, three of whom served districts that were only partially in Detroit. Of those three districts, one was not "majority-Detroit," so there were 11 "Detroit districts" last term. This term, Detroit has 10 representatives, five of whom serve districts that are only partially in Detroit. Of those five districts, two are not "majority Detroit," so there are eight "Detroit districts" this term.
When we examine each of the counties individually, we observe additional changes. The charts above show some exceptions to the broader shifts noted above. They illustrate, for example, that Wayne County districts outside of Detroit lost committee leaders after the 2012 election. They also show Oakland County is the only county to have lost Democratic representatives, and Macomb County remains the only area in the tri-county region not represented by a member of the legislative Black Caucus.
Another characteristic of state representatives is their length of service. Michigan state representatives are constitutionally limited to three terms; therefore all representatives are in one of three stages of their state House careers. After the 2012 elections, the percentage of first-term representatives from Detroit districts dropped substantially from 55 percent to 13 percent, while the percentage serving their third terms increased from 9 percent to 38 percent. Half of the city's state representatives are now in the second terms.
This situation is parallel to the one depicted for those tri-county representatives whose districts are outside of Detroit. Here again, the percentage of freshmen dropped 20 percentage points, while the proportion of third-termers increased by 23 percentage points.
The charts above demonstrate that term of service proportions have moved in the same direction for Detroit and each of the counties in Metro-Detroit. The percentages move in the same direction even when broken down by county. The main exception is Macomb County, which saw an increase in second-term representatives after the 2012 election. Taken together, the tri-county region will see a higher rate of retirement in 2014 than it saw in 2012 due to the higher proportion of third-term representatives.
Posted in: Election, Politics |
Characteristics of Michigan State Representatives from the Metro Detroit Tri-County region
October 29, 2012 by Drawing Detroit | Leave a comment
Michigan voters elect all 110 members of the state House of Representatives every two years. Of these 110 members, 45 represent districts within the geographic boundaries of Macomb, Oakland, and Wayne counties. One way to consider these legislators is to look at several key characteristics that reflect their demographics, political inclinations, and seniority. This post examines five characteristics in particular: political party, gender, membership in the legislature's Black Caucus, length of service, and committee leadership.
The chart above reveals that, of the 45 representatives from the region, 30 (two thirds) are Democrats and 14 (31.1%) are women. Twelve representatives (26.7%) from the tri-county area are members of the legislative Black Caucus (which is not synonymous with racial identification, but rather certain ideological principles.), and 22 (48.9%) serve in a committee leadership position. A legislator is considered a committee leader if s/he is a chairperson, vice chairperson, or minority ranking member of a committee. This definition allows members of the minority party to be considered despite their inability to serve as committee chairs.
The chart above shows the length of service breakdown for the 45 tri-county representatives. The great majority (88.8%) of them are serving their first or second term(s), and are thus eligible to seek re-election in 2012 (The Michigan Constitution limits each member of the State House to three terms).
Another way to examine the characteristics of state representatives is to distinguish between those representing Detroit's districts and those representing the other State House districts in the tri-county area. The charts below consider this relationship. (Note: a district is considered to be a "Detroit" district if the majority of the district is geographically within the boundaries of the city; the same reasoning is used for tri-county districts.)
All of Detroit's 11 state representatives are members of the Democratic Party and the legislative Black Caucus. In the other tri-county districts, Democrats outnumber Republicans as well (55.9% to 44.1%),but only one representative is a member of the legislative Black Caucus. A greater percentage of Detroit's state representatives are women (44.5%,) compared to the outlying tri-county districts (26.5%,) and only two of Detroit's state representatives (18.2%) serve as committee leaders, as opposed to 20 (58.8%) of their counterparts from the rest of the tri-county area.
The two charts above show that 54.5% of Detroit's state representatives are serving their first term; that is, they were first elected in 2010. A smaller percentage of representatives of other tri-county districts are "first-termers." In addition, only one Detroit state representative is serving a third term. This represents 9.1% of the Detroit delegation, compared to the 11.8% of other tri-county state representatives who are serving their third term.
A third way to examine this data is to compare Detroit's state representatives to those of Macomb, Oakland, and 'outer' Wayne counties individually, as seen below.
Democrats constitute a majority of state representatives in Detroit and outer Wayne County, but this is not so in Macomb and Oakland counties. Women do not represent a majority of state representatives in any of these four geographical areas, although women constitute nearly half (45.5%) of state representatives in Detroit. All of Detroit's state representatives are members of the legislative Black Caucus, but only one Oakland County representative and no Macomb and outer Wayne county representatives are members of the caucus. Of the four areas, outer Wayne County and Oakland County currently have the greatest number and percentage of committee leaders in the State House (66.7% and 61.5%, respectively), whereas only two committee leaders (18.2%) represent Detroit.
The above charts show the percentage of representatives from each of the four areas by their number of terms in the State House. More than half of Detroit and Macomb County's representatives are serving their first term, meaning they were first elected in 2010. An earlier chart showed third term representatives are relatively rare in the tri-county area for the 2011-13 term. The above charts reveal most of these third term representatives represent Oakland and outer Wayne Counties, although the absolute number (two representatives each) is small for both.


YMCA Wanakita boasts a beautiful 1,000 acre forested site, situated on the shores of Koshlong Lake in the Haliburton Highlands. Our camp is a full functioning year-round destination for children and youth, families, school groups and anyone else wanting to breath fresh air and explore their limits.
Register with us so we can help you stay connected to camp life, friends and memories.
Camp is truly about the people. Our team is experienced, skilled and dedicated.


The Oblate JPIC Office is working in solidarity with the efforts of the Southern African Catholic Bishops Conference (Church on the Ball), and local initiatives by the Leaders of Consecrated Religious Life (SA) and the South African Council of Churches to counter human trafficking in South Africa during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.
For multinational corporations who are long time sponsors of the FIFA World Cup, this event could be an opportunity to move beyond the usual sponsorship efforts of selling brands and expanding their markets. Official corporate sponsors of the FIFA World Cup are being asked to use the occasion of the World Cup 2010 to be part of the solution to eliminate human trafficking.
Christian Brothers Investment Services has initiated a shareholder advocacy campaign, supported by the Oblate JPIC Office, to engage multinational corporations on the issue of human trafficking during the 2010 Soccer World Cup events in South Africa. The Soccer World Cup runs from June 11 to July 11 and is expected to bring thousands of fans and to visitors to South Africa. With so many people in one event, there is an increased potential for human trafficking.
The Christian Brothers campaign has generated letters signed by over 300 faith-based shareholders and groups from around the world to Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of hotel chains, soft drink beverages and technology companies. The letters ask the companies to take immediate action to prevent sexual exploitation of children and women. Companies are also being asked to educate employees on issues of human trafficking, to train staff in how to identify potential victims and report incidents to the proper authorities and to inform guests of the penalties imposed for human trafficking and the sexual abuse of children under local and national law.
The JPIC Office is working with Oblates in South Africa to raise awareness of this issue.


text:
Lincoln student escapes fiery apartment building
Gretchen Rudolph|February 23, 2017
Jamie Bikales
Senior Kadison Roberts at his former apartment building, where he escaped from a fire on Jan. 23.
When senior Kadison Roberts woke up to fire alarms in his Northwest Portland apartment building on Jan. 23, he originally thought it was a drill.
Then he saw massive amounts of smoke in the hallway and realized it was the real thing.
Kadison lives by himself in the Royal Arms Apartments at 1829 NW Lovejoy St. He later learned the fire was due to an electrical problem in an elevator shaft. It started around 6:30 a.m.
"One thing I did want to grab was my Bob Marley albums, but I didn't end up grabbing them because I thought I'd look a little a silly," says Roberts. However, he said he grabbed his wallet, keys, phone and a few clothes.
One man even jumped out of the second floor of the window in response to the smoke and received serious injuries, according to KOIN. Another woman suffered critical injuries from smoke inhalation and was rescued by fire crews. About three hours later, the Red Cross arrived to provide temporary housing and food.
The fire filled the building with toxic smoke, which seeped into floors and ceilings, meaning that most of it needs to be rebuilt. All of the residents, including Roberts, were evacuated and have not been able to return.
Roberts moved to a new apartment, and does not expect to be back to the Royal Arms.
His main takeaway from this experience was to be more prepared for fire safety.
"Know your fire exits, I took the stairs, but in hindsight I should have taken the fire escape," he says.
Alumni Corner: The Harvard Crimson's new managing editor, James Bikales
Despite pandemic, seniors apply internationally
Cats prove to be purr-fect distraction for online classes
Changes to Cardinal Choir a success for online school year
TV shows being produced during COVID with added difficulty
Portland houselessness protocol draws controversy
Teachers reflect on lack of diversity in Lincoln staff
Wilson High School nears the end of name change process
Q&A with leaders of Lincoln's Gender and Sexuality Alliance
Profile: Malcolm Cole, Emily Gleeson and Valeria Stepanova
Seniors worry amid college decisions and online school
Profile: Polly Barnes and Hailey Crewes
Profile: Ben Labee

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Friedrich CP14E10 14,700 BTU window air conditioner offers deluxe home cooling suitable for up to rooms 750 square feet! A Money Saver mode conserves energy by slowing the fan speed when room temperature has reached the desired temperature on the thermostat. You can set the timer to delay for 1-to 24-hours until the air conditioner switches on while keeping your previous settings!
The fully functioning remote of the Friedrich CP14E10 14,700 BTU window air conditioner lets you control the power, one of three modes, adjust fan speeds, and set the timer.
A 4-foot power cord to the left or right of the appliance for further reach when installing. The CP14E10 makes installation convenient and simple!
The Friedrich CP14E10 14,700 BTU window air conditioner comes with a anti-microbial air filter to trap allergens such as dust and dander from re-circulating back into the room's air.
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text:
Резьба круглая представляет собой резьбу с профилем необычной, сильно закругленной формы. Большое пространство между закругленными вершинами и впадинами обеспечивает пространство для смещения мусора и грязи, делая её устойчивой к загрязнению. Кроме того, резьба этого вида также гораздо более устойчива к износу, чем другие виду резьбы, потому что у неё нет хрупких краев.

Резьбы круглые общего назначения
Стандарты:

 DIN 405-1 General purpose knuckle threads — Part 1: Profiles, nominal sizes
 DIN 405-2 General purpose knuckle threads — Part 2: Deviations and tolerances
Условное обозначение:
 Rd 150 x 1/4"

Резьба для санитарно-технической арматуры
Резьба круглая применяется в санитарно-технической арматуре: для шпинделей, вентилей, смесителей, туалетных и водопроводных кранов.

Стандарт:

 ГОСТ 13536-68 Резьба круглая для санитарно-технической арматуры.

Параметры резьбы

Профиль круглой резьбы образован окружностями, на вершинах и впадинах, соединёнными прямыми с углом профиля при вершине 30°. Профиль формируется закругленными вершинами и впадинами, соединяющимися прямыми линиями. Размеры резьбы:

Отклонения отсчитываются от соответствующих номинальных значений диаметров резьбы в направлении, перпендикулярном к оси резьбы.

По стандарту резьба существует только в одном номинальном диаметре d = 12 мм.

Указанные допуски среднего размера включают также и необходимые для компенсации погрешностей шага и угла профиля величины уменьшения среднего диаметра наружной резьбы или увеличения среднего диаметра внутренней резьбы.

Условное обозначение круглой резьбы: буквы Кр, номинальный диаметр резьбы, шаг и обозначение стандарта. Пример условного обозначения круглой резьбы диаметром d = 12 мм, шагом S = 2,54 мм:

 Кр 12×2,54 ГОСТ 13536-68

Резьба Эдисона
Резьба Эдисона круглая получила широкое распространение в электротехнических изделиях (в цоколях лампочек).

Стандарты:
 DIN 40400 Edison thread for D-type fuses; limit dimensions
 ГОСТ 6042-83 Резьба Эдисона круглая

Пример условного обозначения резьбы Эдисона Е27 для металлических
элементов:
 Е27
То же, для неметаллических элементов:
 Е27/N

Примечания

Детали машин и механизмов

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Techno, Hardtechno, Minimal-Tech
In the early 90's, Meiko visited a few clubs and discovered his fascination of electronic music. At the age of 17 he acquired his first record players and inspired by the sound of Chris Liebing, Westbam or Monika Kruse his record library steadily increased. In 2000 his first techno event "Lost in Paradise" was born. This event was crowned with success over a period of 4 years. Afterwards there were a few booking requests by clubs in his region. Since 2007 Meiko has meticulously been producing his own tracks. After 2 years he had his first release. Enchained by electronic music he quickly realized that he wanted to use his experience and expand. With that, in 2009 he founded his own label 'Herzschlag Recordings', which suits first-class techno and minimal tracks. The project is to promote successful artists and new talents.
In 2012 he started a sub-label called 'Herzschlag Selected'. The label has started via selected tracks for Vinyls of highest quality and most innovative productions. The sound of Herzschlag Selected is a unique blend of electronic music.
Soundz EP
Herzschlag Recordings
Bang Bang Boom!
Flashing Frequency
Herzschlag Selected
Backview, Pt. 1
Peilsender Bookings (Germany)
Heinrich-Hebel-Str. 4
office(at)peilsender-media.de
http://www.meiko-music.com/booking/


A brand new stylish and compact 2 storey, 3 bedroom beach house. Elevated on a promontory, this property has breathtaking panoramic views in a 270 degree vision of the Southern Ocean and with Little Porky Beach below.
Direct access is from Barnes Road, with an immediate view of the most distinctive wave-form architecture that makes this property almost unique in its appeal to the external observer. The hexagonal interior and exterior floor design features a main floor, an upper floor and an extensive viewing deck. all elevated to provide for the best views, and for under floor parking that prevents the obstruction of these views by parked cars.
The main floor has two private bedrooms with Queen size beds and sufficient storage and vanity space, one with a spectacular view of the coastline looking north, the other looking south. They share a stylish bathroom on the same floor with shower, vanity, washing machine, under floor heating and quality "Biology" bathroom products.
The rest of the Main Floor is dedicated to living space which has been designed for maximum comfort and uncluttered style. It contains a fully equipped kitchen with a standalone cooking station and breakfast bar, an extendable teak dining table and chairs, a corner couch unit for comfort if you can break away from the views, tv viewing and cosy discussion. A Scandinavian design wood fire heater is prominent feature, providing both comfort from the elements and also adding immeasurably to the distinctive style of the place.
Stairs from this level lead up to the ensuite master bedroom /studio which commands the most compelling of vistas and at the same time a degree of opulence with it's own secluded balcony. Adjacent is the ensuite with shower over bath, vanity, under floor heating and "Biology" products.


text:
Rehan Qayoom
Contextual Notes to 'Conversazione'
'CONVERSAZIONE'.
[1] The Romans quaffed celebratory wine prepared from rose and violet petals and honey.a Thirteenth century apothecaries sold crystalised violets, roses and lilies to be steeped in sweetened hot water as a laxative. Violet flavoured candies were sold in decorated tins in Paris since the nineteenth century and also dusted on pastries as sugar crystals.b
[2] I love no meat but Ortolans, and no women but you. Tho indeed that's no proper comparison but for fatt Dutchesses; For to love you is as if one should wish to Eat Angels, or drink Cherubim-Broath.
Alexander Pope. To Teresa & Martha Blount, 13th September 1717. The Correspondence of Alexander Pope: i. Edited by George Sherburn. 5 Vols, (Oxford University Press, 1956).
[3] Proclus (412 – 485), one of the last of the Neoplatonist philosophers and commentator on Plato writes '…the heliotrope follows in its movement the movement of the sun and the selenotrope the movement of the moon, forming a procession within the limits of their power, behind the torches of the universe? For, in truth, each thing prays according to the rank it occupies in nature, and sings the praise of the leader of the divine series to which it belongs, a spiritual or rational or physical or sensuous praise; for the heliotrope moves to the extent that it is free to move, and in its rotation, if we could hear the sound of the air buffeted by its movement, we should be aware that it is a hymn to its king, such as it is within the power of a plant to sing.'
'On earth suns and moons can be seen in an earthly state and in the heavens all the plants, stones, animals in a heavenly state, living spiritually.'
'…the lotus manifests its affinity and sympathy with the sun. Before the appearance of the sun's rays, its blossom is closed; it opens slowly at sunrise, unfolds as the sun rises to the zenith, and folds again and closes as the sun descends. What difference is there between the human manner of praising the sun by moving the mouth and lips, and that of the lotus which unfolds its petals? They are its lips and this is its natural hymn.'
It is written in The Holy Quran that the 7 heavens, the Earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, the mountains, the trees, the beasts and many among humankind glorify God, all knowing their individual mode of praise and glorification:c
The 7 heavens and the Earth and those that are therein extol His glory; and there is not a thing but glorifies Him with His praise; but you understand not their praising. Yet He is Forbearing and Most Forgiving.
The Holy Quran. Bani Israel [Children of Israel]: 44.
I would comment that when first built the mosque of the Prophet ﷺ had no minbar [pulpit] from which to address the congregation. He would speak while leaning against a palm tree trunk in the wall next to the qibla near where he prayed. Eventually he began to use a minbar, as we will explain in its proper place. As he moved over towards it to make his address from it and passed by that tree trunk, it moaned like a love-lorne camel because it had always heard his speeches delivered near itself. And so the Prophet ﷺ returned to it and hugged it until it settled down, just like a baby, and became quiet. Details of this will be given hereafter through various lines, from Sahl b. Sa'd al-Sa'idi, Jabir, 'Abd Allāh b. Umar, 'Abd Allāh b. 'Abbās, Anas b. Mālik and Umm Salama, God be pleased with them.
What more appropriate than the comment made by al-Hasan al-Basri after relating this story, from Anas b. Mālik, "O Muslims! A piece of wood so pining for the Messenger of God ﷺ! Do not men hoping to meet him have even more right to yearn for him?"
Ibn Kathīr, Ismail. Al-Bidāya wa al-Nihāya: Al-Sīra Al-Nabawiyya [The Beginning & the End: The Life of the Prophet Muḥammad: ii]. 4 vols, (Garnet Publishing Ltd, 1998). 205.
[4] "Are you there, Little Daughter?" they called, "Twii! Twii! Are you there?" "Yes, robins", she whispered, "I am here". "Do come back, Little Daughter", they pleaded, "the … [whole] world is so sad without you … Do come back, Little Daughter, … the tall trees have lost all their leaves, so hard have they wept. The birds sing no more. No one knows where the daisies have vanished, and [even the] Great Sun is so sad that he rises later every morning and leaves us earlier every night. Sometimes he hides his face for days behind the clouds and if you do not return, Little Daughter, he may never come again". "Chut! I will come", whispered Little Daughter, "but I will come as a flower as tiny as a drop, and as white as the snow so that Queen Winter cannot see me". And Snow-Drop grew out of the snow but everyone knew it was Great Sun's Little Daughter. They whispered it to each other when Winter was not about. And new leaves grew on the branches again, and very shyly the birds sang again, and Great Sun smiled again as never before, and he woke earlier every morning and went to sleep later every night for his little daughter was found and all the big big world was happy once again.
Khan, Noor Inayat. Twenty Jataka Tales. (1939).
© Rehan Qayoom / Poets and Dreamers, 2015.
a See the Apicius.
b See Stephanie LaCava. An Extraordinary Theory of Objects. (HarperCollins, 2012).
c The Holy Quran. Al-Hajj [The Pilgrimage]: 19, Al-Nur [The Light]: 42.
Rehan Qayoom is a poet of English and Urdu, editor, translator and archivist, educated at Birkbeck College, University of London. He lives in London.
rehanqayoom.com
This blog is archived at The British Library as part of the Open UK Web Archive.
A Garden of Kashmir
Simon Armitage
Derelict London
Bashir Ahmad Rafiq
The Betjeman Society
Forough Farrokhzad
Frieda Hughes
Henry Corbin
Hollace M. Metzger
Ibn Arabi Society
Keith Sagar
Noor Inayat Khan Memorial Trust
The Philip Larkin Society
Professor Edith Hall
The Shepherdess
Anne Tammel
The System of W. B. Yeats's A Vision
The Ted Hughes Society
Timeless Visions
W. H. Auden Society
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As Bordeaux presents the 2018 to the world this week, I take a look at how the identities of some of the Chateau 'Brands' continue to evolve.
Visiting the Châteaux in Bordeaux you can't help but notice the increasing number of vats in the cellars and their decreasing size. This directly reflects the more precise parcel (or plot) divisions within the vineyards. Alongside new, more precise, selection techniques at harvest, this gives winemakers a larger palette of wines to work from to create their blends. Second wines are nothing new, third wines are now more common but this proliferation of labels from individual properties poses the problem of how to differentiate between them in the eye of the consumer.
How can winemakers create new products and grow their brand whilst maintaining brand recognition and without creating confusion or alienating established clients, both trade and consumer? It's not always easy.
Take the Rothschild brand. How many times have consumers been confused about the mention of Rothschild on a label? Outside of the kissing cousins of Lafite and Mouton in Pauillac, both branches of the family have a range of other labels from outside these iconic vineyards. Mouton Cadet is the largest and most famous but the Saga, Réserves and Légende ranges from the Lafite stable are growing and that's without looking at their ranges from the Languedoc and further afield. Is Rothschild perceived as a brand or is it a signature guaranteeing a level of quality? I know from experience that many clients are proudly buying into the dream when they bring out a bottle with a Rothschild signature.
Labels change, with properties tweaking the design over the years. Mouton is famous for changing artists with every vintage, but here I'm talking about more subtle changes in labels. Why change? They could be looking for a more modern appearance to attract a different market, it could be a change of ownership or a change in wine making style.
An example close to home is Chateau Guiraud; the maritime history of the Narby family was the inspiration for the use of the dolphin on the label. The second wine being called Le Dauphin (also French for the 'King in waiting'). Under the new ownership of Peugeot this has been replaced with a Plantagenet lion, a reference to the Alienor of Aquitaine but not too estranged from the carmakers' logo.
The name itself might pose a problem. In export markets a pronounceable name is important and a non-threatening name helps when ordering from a wine list. This could be one of the reasons why the second wine of Chateau Haut Brion was changed from Château Bahans Haut Brion to Le Clarence de Haut Brion with the release of the 2007 vintage. Not only a new label but also presented in the unique Haut Brion shaped bottle, reinforcing the brand recognition.
Similarly the second wine of Château Lynch Bages called Haut Bages Averous had very little in its name to suggest a link to its famous big brother. It was changed to Echo de Lynch Bages in 2008.
Chateau Haut Bailly has just redesigned their labels keeping the design in line with the very classic image of the estate. The chateau introduced their second wine in 1967 under the label La Parde de Haut-Bailly. After 50 years it has been rechristened simply Haut-Bailly.II for the release of the 2018 vintage.
Their third label, known as "Pessac-Léognan" since 1987, is now labelled simply with the HB initials of the property. All three labels have a unifying clear, modern and elegant brand identity, very much reflecting the style of the wines and the chateau.
Other properties take a less classic approach, Philippe Raoux purchased Chateau D'Arsac, Cru Bourgeois of Margaux in 1986 and he has been innovating (and renovating) ever since. He shares his passion for contemporary art throughout the chateau, cellars and vines adding a new major contemporary piece of art every year since 1992.
The chateau itself is a work of art; the fire-damaged roof has been replaced with a glass tiles letting light down through the centre. The uninitiated might think a girder was left by the work men leaning against the building, but no, it is another work of art now so intimately connected with the property that it graces the labels.
The chateau already produced three wines, Chateau d'Arsac appellation Margaux, Le Monteil d'Arsac appellation Haut Médoc, (the property has vines on both appellations) and a white Bordeaux. He also produces a wine makers collection – handing over part of his grapes and a corner of the cellar every year to a visiting wine maker.
The 2018 vintage sees the arrival of Raoux's new baby: Le Kid d'Arsac. This is a second label from the Margaux appellation and true to his artistic and slightly irreverent style the label is a hand drawing of the big brother's label featuring the iconic chateau outline and the infamous girder.
Not having enough wine to supply demand might sound like a nice problem to have, but frustrating, especially in a small and prestigious appellation such as Pomerol. Chateau Clinet faces such a problem, unsurprising really, given the success of their wines under the dynamic Ronan Laborde. In 2009 he repeated the 100 Parker point achievement of in 1989 by the previous owners (could this be a series – we are now in 2019?).
How to satisfy demand without diluting the brand and, more importantly, the quality? As well as Le Grand Vin, Chateau Clinet traditionally produced a second wine Fleur de Clinet. Improvements in the vineyard saw more grapes destined for the Grand Vin, reducing production of the second wine, yet the demand was there, what to do?
The answer was to create BY Clinet with a different philosophy to a classic second wine, sourcing grapes from selected growers (including Clinet) across the classic Pomerol terroir. The wine is made by the Clinet team with aging in second-fill barrels putting an emphasis on freshness. The presentation is distinctly different, with a painting by the American artist Gordon Hopkins gracing the label – so no confusion there.
The first vintage of By Clinet label with its very distinctive label.
Ronan already introduced the notion of a Clinet brand in 2009 launching Ronan By Clinet. Here the same wine making team (he keeps them busy) produces a more accessible, Merlot driven wine, from grapes purchased from other vineyards on the right bank appellations of Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux, Bourg-Cotes de Bordeaux and Bordeaux. The result is a Bordeaux AOC with a Pomerol feel. In 2012 he added a Bordeaux dry white to the brand with grapes selected from vineyards in the Entre Deux Mers. Now he has added his Pur'Cab Bordeaux, a 50:50 Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon blend, a change in tack from his usual Merlot signature. It's a tiny production, just 1 000 cases, so far only available in 2015 and 2016 vintages.
So successful have these brands become they have outgrown the original wine cellar at the Château. Ronan and his team now make these wines in their ultra modern wine cellar, opened in time for the 2015 vintage, a stone's throw from where the Grand Vin is still produced at the Chateau.
The latest news is that Château Clinet will add to their 'Clinet Collection' towards the end of the year, re releasing the Second Vin, La Fleur de Clinet with a tiny production of the 2016 vintage. Sneak preview of the label project below – you heard it here first!
The project for the new Fleur de Clinet label – watch this space.
If you enjoyed this post you might enjoy A New crop of Labels and the update on Les Griffons Label here .


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There are many ways you could do in living the luxurious way even if it just takes occasionally. That can happen anyway as long as you know how to become the benefited there. Maybe you like going on buses perhaps while traveling to certain destinations with class. Certain options even let you really enjoy the whole experience that a bunch of nice features will be around. Hear out significant tips for choosing a Houston to Dallas luxury bus.
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Take some recommendations for a while. It helps to have some friends who know of decent options especially the one that really goes to the destination you need to be. Maybe you found a nice luxury vehicle but the problem is it does not actually go to your needed destination. Researching allows you in finding such option actually like where to expect such rides.
Read the details of each example you researched on and were suggested to you. Others are too quick to go right away but maybe there are bad comments about the service perhaps. There will likely be popular examples and blacklisted ones online and it lets you remain aware at certain expectations. Not knowing enough could put you in a disadvantage.
Know what to expect in most of these buses. Highly comfortable seats and good air conditioning are common. Of course, you like to travel where you do not feel in pain while sitting so you deserve soft seats. On the other hand, it might get really hot while you do this so the cooling system for this bus would benefit you. Thus, you no longer have to sweat.
Get buses with rates you actually can afford. Indeed, it is great to have such luxury but the problem could be the price is hard to manage for you. Of course, this can be a bit costly than the normal rates of buses due to the special features. However, it is not that expensive too as many were able to afford and got satisfied with it.
Ask about how you could save costs. Discounts might be present in reaching a certain number of passengers or knowing if promos were around. At least it gives a chance of lessening the rate instead of settling for high fees. All you got to do is ask from who runs it.
Pick the vehicle with the size you prefer.It definitely matters on your part to check it especially if you plan on riding with many people. You and your friends might head on to a place together and there possibly is not enough room to cater everybody. Thus, it helps to have more space.
Most importantly, you inspect the whole bus first. This includes knowing if the lights inside would function and other considerations. You hardly feel its extravagance if various defects were present there. Drivers should observe safety too since security is another consideration.


Secure files stores on USB flashdisk.
Protect data stored on USB drives.
Password protect USB flash drives to prevent your data from leakage.
Encrypt and protect data with password on your removable pen drive.
Encrypt e-mails, files, folders and USB flash drives.
Protect/encrypt hard drive disk, virtual hard disk(VHD),USB flash files, removable drive on Windows.


text:
Букино — село в Новокузнецком районе Кемеровской области. Входит в состав Сосновского сельского поселения.

История
Список населённых мест Томской губернии упоминает деревню Букину с 312 жителями и православной часовней.

География
Центральная часть населённого пункта расположена на высоте 204 метров над уровнем моря.

Население
По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года, в селе Букино проживает 96 человек (49 мужчин, 47 женщин).

Примечания

Населённые пункты Новокузнецкого района


text:
Hylettus nebulosus är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Monné 1982. Hylettus nebulosus ingår i släktet Hylettus och familjen långhorningar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
nebulosus


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London. US President Donald Trump cancelled a trip to London scheduled for next month to open a new embassy, saying he did not want to endorse what he understood was an Obama-era decision to move out of the old one.
"[The] reason I canceled my trip to London is that I am not a big fan of the Obama Administration having sold perhaps the best located and finest embassy in London for 'peanuts,' only to build a new one in an off location for 1.2 billion dollars," Trump said in a tweet late on Thursday (11/01).
"Bad deal. Wanted me to cut ribbon-NO!" Trump said.
A pillar of Britain's foreign policy since World War Two, the so-called "special relationship" with Washington has taken on added importance as Britain prepares to leave the European Union in 2019 and seeks new major trade deals.
But British officials have been dismayed by some of Trump's pronouncements, particularly a proposed ban on Muslims entering the United States and most recently when Trump rebuked May on Twitter after she criticized him for retweeting British far-right anti-Islam videos.
During May's US trip a year ago, she extended an invitation to Trump to make a formal state visit - which includes pomp, pageantry and a banquet with Queen Elizabeth.
May's spokesman told reporters Trump was welcome in London and that the invitation to visit had been accepted, although no date agreed. He said the opening of the embassy was a matter for the US government.
"The US is one of our oldest and most valued allies and our strong and deep partnership will endure," the spokesman said.
"It seems he's finally got the message."
"We will not allow US-UK relations to be endangered by some puffed-up, pompous popinjay in City Hall," Johnson tweeted.
The American flag was this month removed from Grosvenor Square where the US embassy has been based since 1938 with the area known as "Little America" during World War Two, when the square also housed the military headquarters of General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
In Oct. 2008, the embassy was put up for sale and, the following year, sold to Gulf investor Qatari Diar. The purchase price was not disclosed. In 2009, it was given "listed" status which limits changes that can be made to the building's exterior because of its historical significance.
Woody Johnson, Trump's appointed US ambassador to Britain, told reporters last month that moving to the new site at Nine Elms reflected "the global outlook of the US going forward in the 21st century: rather looking out, than looking in."
"This isn't just a new office, though, it signifies a new era of friendship between out two countries. President Trump wants us to work more closely than ever with the UK," said Johnson, adding he hoped the president would attend the opening ceremony.
There had long been security concerns about the Grosvenor Square site, dating back to the late 1990s after attacks on US embassies in Africa.
Some local residents had opposed measures that they felt would detract from one of London's plushest neighborhoods while others feared not enough was being done to ensure they would not be caught up in any attack.
The new embassy is a veritable fortress set back at least 30 meters from surrounding buildings - mostly newly erected high-rise residential blocks - and incorporating living quarters for US Marines permanently stationed inside.
The $1 billion construction was funded by the sale of other properties in London.


Custom templates enable a user to define a default layout, functionality, and default content for a newly created site. A parallel can be drawn between a Microsoft Word stationery template and a SharePoint template. This chapter will help you get started with Microsoft SharePoint 2003 custom templates.
Custom templates enable a user to define a default layout, functionality, and default content for a newly created site. A parallel can be drawn between a Microsoft Word stationery template and a SharePoint template. For instance, you might have a stationary template for Microsoft Word with your company logo, company colors, office address, and a myriad of other customizations. You can construct a SharePoint template with the same company logo, company colors, and many other customizations. The parallels continue in the application of SharePoint templates as well. Just as you can apply your Microsoft Word template to a new document, you can apply your SharePoint template to a new site.
Two types of custom templates exist: custom list templates and custom site templates. Custom list templates contain schema and content data for all types of lists. Thus, custom list templates apply to SharePoint lists. They therefore apply to document libraries, picture libraries, links, announcements, custom lists, and many others. Custom site templates apply to SharePoint sites, which could be top-level sites or subsites. Custom site templates contain schema and content data for everything that can be defined on a site, including lists, themes, web part content and layout, as well as many other customizations.
One of the most attractive features of custom templates is the existence of a graphical interface to construct them. This interface exists in the form of the SharePoint web interface as well as Microsoft FrontPage. The simplicity of this interface empowers you to quickly create a default look for your sites and lists that can be applied even more quickly to new sites. This feature avoids the tedious chore of manually performing each customization upon creating a new site. Instead, you click and drag your way to all these customizations.
Custom site templates and site definition templates (see Chapter 2, "Site Definitions") appear to the user at site creation as a unified list of choices as shown in Figure 1.1. Custom list and site templates represent a delta or additional customizations to site definition templates. This delta acts as an addition to the base layer to form a two-layer structure. Consequently, custom site and list templates require more server processing than site definition templates.
Figure 1.1 Custom template and site definition template selection.
When a user designs a SharePoint list or site, those settings are captured in the database. For instance, a user's customization of a particular site can include applying a site theme, placing web parts, and creating additional list views. All these customizations are stored in the database. The same parallel can be drawn for lists. List customizations—including additional views and stock content—are stored in the database.
SharePoint provides a mechanism to harvest all these customizations to a list or site from the database. That mechanism is a custom template. A custom template is a compilation of customization settings in a single, reusable package. This package defines the delta between the site definition and our site or list customizations.
Custom site and list templates can be created on one server farm and copied to another. A key caveat to successfully rendering the copied template is the existence of the site definition on which the custom template is based. In fact, web parts or any other resources that are referenced in the template must also exist on the new server. If the site definition or other resources that the custom template expects do not exist, the custom template (delta) will have nothing on which to base its changes and will not render. If the site definition is different between server farms, the custom template can render in an unexpected fashion.
Using custom list or site templates is essentially a three-step process. The first step is to customize a list or site as desired. The second step is to save the template to the template gallery. The third and final step is to create a site or list with that template.
A 10-megabyte limit exists on the total size of a site template.
Custom templates do not retain the security settings of the site or list from which they were copied.
Child sites cannot be retained in site templates. You must create any desired child site anew after site creation.


text:
June 24, 2020 July 19, 2020 Tan Jui Shien Ray Articles, Introduction to Motorsport, Introduction to Sports Car Racing
An Introduction to Sports Car Racing Part 8: The Asian Le Mans Series
Reading Time: 10 minutes
Featured Image by Morio on Wikimedia Commons
Are you new to Sports Cars Racing? Curious about the differences between the AsLMS & ELMS? No worries, we've got you covered. Ahead of the resumption of motorsport worldwide, we've decided to produce articles introducing Sports Car Racing to our readers. Part 8 is an in-depth introduction to the ACO's growing Asian Le Mans Series, discussing it's origins, rich history and the categories.
The Asian Le Mans Series, better known as the ALMS in short, or the AsLMS, is an endurance racing series organized by the Automobile Club l'Ouest (ACO).
The championship had its inaugural season in 2009, with a single round, held at the Okayama International Circuit with 4 classes, namely LMP1, LMP2, GT1 and GT2. However, following the 2009 season, the series went on hiatus until it was revived in 2013. The series has its roots in both the Japan Le Mans Challenge, and the 1999 Le Mans Fuji 1000km.
1999 Le Mans Fuji 1000km
The 1993 Le Mans Fuji was a one-off endurance race that was run on the Fuji Speedway. It was an experimental event that was meant to gauge interest in a Le Mans endurance sports car racing series, based in Japan. This was done in a similar manner as the 1998 Petit Le Mans, with the winners being given invitations for the 2000 24 Hours of Le Mans. The race was run in collaboration by ACO and the JAF, with the race seeing the LMP, LMGTP, GTS and GT classes competing against the GT500 and GT300 cars of the JGTC.
For the race, a field of 34 cars were entered, split across the 6 classes. However, on the race weekend, a mere 23 cars showed up to participate in the race, with just 16 cars conforming to ACO's regulations. One high profile withdrawal was BMW, who had entered a single BMW V12 LMR. Japanese manufacturers Toyota and Nissan only entered a single car each.
Following the 1999 season, both Toyota and Nissan chose to shut down their sports car programmes, which led to the proposed Japan Le Mans Series being canned due to a lack of manufacturer interest.
Japan Le Mans Challenge (2006-2007)
The Japan Le Mans was an endurance sportscar series based in Japan, run by the Sports Car Endurance Race Operation (SERO) sanctioning body and utilising the rules laid out by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). It was the first endurance sportscar series in Japan since the demise of the All Japan Sports Prototype Championship in 1992. It featured a total of 4 classes, LMP1, LMP2, GT1 and GT2.
However, unlike the two other Le Mans-based series, the JLMC allowed cars which did not meet ACO guidelines, to increase the number of entrants. Unfortunately, this waiver in the regulations did little to boost the grid numbers, which were low compared to the numbers seen in the LMS and ALMS. The initial round of the JLMC, the Sugo 1000km saw a mere 12 entrants, and while the second round, the 1000km of Motegi saw 14 entrants, only 12 cars would make it to the start of the race. The third round, the 1000km of Okayama saw a much-improved grid count with 20 cars entering, and starting the race.
While the 2006 season saw the number of entrants increase each race, the start of the 2007 season saw the series crumble back to square one, despite an expanded calendar, with the addition of Fuji. Just 11 cars were entered for the season-opening 1000km of SUGO, with only 10 cars starting the race. Round 2 at Fuji saw 10 cars enter and starting the race, while round 3 at Motegi saw 11 entrants, all of whom took the starting flag. The final round at Okayama saw a similarly low car count of 10 entrants, all of whom started the race. Following the end of the season, the JLMC would be discontinued, as the series was found to be unsustainable, given the low interest from both fans and teams.
Asian Le Mans Series (2009)
In 2008, the ACO announced a standalone precursor race to the Asian Le Mans Series. The race was planned to be run at the Shanghai International Circuit from the 1st to 2nd of November, 2008, but it was later cancelled, owing to the economic climate and conflicts with the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. As such, the 2009 Asian Le Mans Series was launched without a precursor race to gauge interest.
The initial 2009 season comprised of four three-hour races: two at Okayama International Circuit on October 30–November 1, and the other two at Shanghai on November 7–8. However, economic reasons saw the race cancelled, once more, leading to the season featuring just 2 races, run under the 1000km of Okayama banner. Unlike the previous editions of the race at Okayama, the race saw a sizable increase in the number of entrants. 40 cars were entered, although only 23 cars took the starting flag. The 2 races saw a mix of Japanese and European teams participating.
Asian Le Mans Series (2013-Present)
In June 2012, the ACO announced the revival of the Asian Le Mans Series, in partnership with S2M Company and TS Motorsport, with a six round calendar for the 2013 season. The series would initially feature three-hour races and be eligible to LMP2, LMPC, GTE and GTC (GT3) machinery. During the announcement, the initial 3 races were revealed to be held at the Zhuhai, Shanghai and Ordos International Circuits. A fourth Chinese round was planned ahead of a race at Fuji Speedway, with the season being set to end at the Sentul International Circuit in Indonesia.
Following an agreement between the teams and organisers to delay and compress the 2013 season, the Shanghai and Ordos rounds were cancelled. The season opener was moved to South Korea, at the new Inje Speedium which was completed early in 2013. Fuji Speedway in Japan would host the second round, while Zhuhai, the sole remaining Chinese round, became the third race of the year. The Sepang International Circuit in Malaysia became the season ending round, replacing Sentul.
For the 2013 season, the series featured 5 categories: Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2), Le Mans Prototype Challenge (LMPC), LM Grand Touring Endurance (GTE), GT Challenge (GTC), and GT Challenge Amateur (GTC Am). The GTC category would be open to FIA GT3 category cars, cars from one-make series, and unique to the Asian series, JAF-GT, a road-derived variant car taking part in the GT300 category of the Japanese Super GT series. All four categories require at least one amateur driver and one professional driver in each car, although teams are allowed a maximum of three drivers per car. For the 3 Hours of Fuji, an SGT class was added into the race, with the 3 Hours of Fuji serving as an optional point-scoring round of the GT300 class for the 2013 Super GT season
For the 2014 season, the op class of the series continued to be LMP2. The LMGTE and GTC classes were combined, along with Super GT GT300 class vehicles, into a single performance balanced GT category. Silver and bronze level drivers were required in the amateur division. The Group CN class was introduced to replace the LMPC class, which saw no entries in the previous season. All cars in the Group CN class used a spec Honda engine.
The series was originally set to expand to 5 races, with the addition of Shanghai. The season opening round at Inje Speedium was originally scheduled to be held on 6 July, but it was later rescheduled to 20 July. The second round was to be held alongside the fifth round of the 2014 Super GT season at Fuji Speedway.
The schedule was revised again on 9 May with the round at Fuji being moved back three weeks and no longer on the same weekend as Super GT. As well as this, a round at the Buriram United International Circuit in Thailand was confirmed, replacing a round scheduled for the Zhuhai International Circuit.[4] On 12 October, the round at the Buriram United International Circuit was removed from the calendar with no replacement.
2015-16 season saw the first time that the Asian Le Mans Series utilised a winter calendar. The initial calendar, which was an annual calendar was released on 12 February 2015, saw 3 races, with 2 races at Shanghai and Fuji supporting the WEC, while a standalone event was also held at Sepang as the season finale. An updated race calendar was released on 20 April 2015, which saw the shift to a winter calendar, adding the round at Buriram and rescheduling the Sepang round. However, yet another further revised calendar was released, cancelling the planned event at Shanghai International Circuit and replaced it with a second race in Sepang. LMP3 was introduced to the series
The 2016-17 season saw Calendar remain at 4 races, with all races from the previous season carrying over.
The 2017-18 season had originally seen the calendar expand to 5 races, with the addition of a race in Zhejiang. However, the Zhejiang round was removed in a later calendar change. The race at Buriram was also extended to 6 Hours and run under the 6 Hours of Thailand banner.
The 2018-19 season saw the calendar remain at 4 races, with Zhuhai dropped in favour of Shanghai. The race at Buriram was shortened to 4 Hours and ran under the 4 Hours of Buriram banner once more. The LMP2 Am sub-class was introduced in this season.
The 2019-20 season saw the calendar remain at 4 races, with the Fuji round dropped for a round at The Bend Motorsport Park. This was the first time the series raced outside the Asian continent. The 2017 LMP2 cars were introduced to the series in the main LMP2 class. The LMP2 Am class continued to utilise the previous-generation pre-2017 LMP2 cars.
Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2)
Denoted by White Sticker with Blue Font, White Number on Blue Background. (LMP2)
Denoted by White Sticker with Blue Font, Blue Number on White Background, Alongside additional "AM" sticker (LMP2 Am)
Panis Barthez Competition – Ligier JSP217 – Gibson #23 – Image by Kevin Decherf on Flickr
The second tier Prototype class in the FIA World Endurance Championship and the IMSA WeatherTech Sports Car Championship, used as the Top Class in the Asian Le Mans Series, and the European Le Mans Series. It is a Pro-Am class in all championships where it is used and all teams must have a one Amateur driver, with either a Bronze or Silver rated driver in each car
All cars in the category have been closed cockpit since 2017.
Costs are tightly controlled in this category, with the regulations directly stating the following:
"The selling price of the complete new car without the single engine neither the homologated electronic equipment must not exceed 483 000€."
" The Chassis Constructor must provide the FIA the price list of spare parts. The total of this price list must not be more than 140% of the selling price of the complete new car."
However, there is a caveat to this, with the technical regulations also stating:
"A 20% increase of the spare parts price is allowed if a Chassis Constructor is providing a sale services of these parts on the race meetings."
However, this price does not include options, which include:
The air conditioning system (mandatory and homologated) @7000€ max
The optional rear view camera system (but homologated)
The optional telemetry system;
The optional Tyre Pressure Monitoring System.
Unlike LMP1, where teams can design and build their own chassis, LMP2 is a tightly controlled formula, with only 4 licensed chassis manufacturers (Ligier, Oreca, Dallara, Riley-Multimatic) and a spec engine, the Gibson GK428 producing 600 horsepower, paired with Cosworth electronics and a 6-speed gearbox
Bodywork in the class is also homologated and can only be altered under a "Joker" upgrade once during the current homologation cycle. 3 of the 4 cars, the Ligier, Dallara and Riley have undergone the joker upgrade previously ahead of the 2018 racing season. 2 aerodynamic configurations are used: A high-downforce kit for use at all tracks, and a low drag kit for Le Mans
Car Dimensions are listed below:
Minimum Weight: 930kg
Maximum Width: 1900mm
Minimum Width: 1800mm except for the most forward 50mm of the car
Maximum Wing Width: 1800mm
Maximum Height: 1050mm
Maximum Length: 4750mm (including rear wing)
Front Overhang: 1000mm
Rear Overhang: 750mm (Rear wing included)
Maximum Wheel F/R width: 12.5" & 13"
Brakes: 15" Free Materials
Maximum Fuel capacity: 75 Litres
The following driver aids are allowed:
Engine-based traction control is allowed
Power Steering is allowed for the sole purpose of reducing effort required to steer
Other driver aids, such as ABS and Power Braking, are prohibited, alongside Four-Wheel Steering.
Le Mans Prototype (LMP3)
Denoted by White Sticker with Purple Font, White Number on Purple Background.
#85 DC Racing – Ligier JS P3 – Nissan – Image by Kevin Decherf on Flickr
Introduced in 2015, it is the third tier Prototype class ACO & IMSA competition and is one of the most widely raced prototype class globally. The class replaced Formula Le Mans, also known as the Le Mans Prototype Challenge (LMPC). 2020 marks the beginning of the 2nd generation rules cycle for the category
It is intended for young drivers and teams who are new to endurance racing, as a stepping stone before advancing to the higher prototype classes. Hence, it is mainly an amateur class, with majority of the championships requiring line-ups to include one bronze driver, while the remaining drivers in the line-up may be Silver or Gold rated, although this varies from series to series
Costs are tightly controlled in this category, with the regulations directly stating:
"The selling price of the complete new car, complete, with the engine described and elected by the ACO must not exceed 239000€ (including the electronic passport)."
– "The selling price of the conversion kit for the 2020 regulations must not exceed 50000€ (including the electronic passport)"
– " The Manufacturer must provide the ACO the price list of spare parts. The total of this price list must not be more than 150% of the selling price of the complete new car."
Like LMP2, LMP3 is a tightly controlled formula, with only 4 licensed chassis manufacturers (Ligier, Ginetta, Duqueine and ADESS) and a spec engine, the Nissan VK56 producing 455 horsepower, paired with a 6-speed gearbox
Minimum Width: 1800mm
Maximum F/R width: 12.5" & 13"
Maximum Wheel Diameter: 18"
Max Fuel capacity: 100 Litres
Brakes: 14" Steel
LMP3 cars also feature traction control from 2020
Denoted by White Sticker with Orange Font, White Number on Orange Background.
#11 Ferrari 488 GT3 Evo – Image by Car Guy on Wikipedia Commons
Pole: 1 Point (All races)
P1-P10 points:
4 Hours race: 25-18-15-12-10-8-6-4-2-1
P11 & below: 0.5 points (4 Hour race)
DNF: 0 Points
2020-21 Asian Le Mans Series Calendar
TBA Chang International Circuit Buriram, Thailand 9 January 2021
TBA Chang International Circuit Buriram, Thailand 11 January 2021
TBA Sepang International Circuit Selangor, Malaysia 23 January 2021
LMP2 Teams' Championship
LMP2 Am Teams' Championship
GT Teams' Championship
GT Am Teams' Championship
LMP2 Drivers' Championship
LMP2 Am Drivers' Championship
GT Drivers' Championship
GT Am Drivers' Championship
The Asian Le Mans series is available to be watched live online for free on the official Asian Le Mans Website. Past races may also be viewed for free on the official Asian Le Mans Series YouTube Channel.
Tagged 24 Hours of Le Mans, Asian Le Mans Series, AsLMS, Group Cn, Group GT3, Group GTE, Le Mans, LM GTE, LMP1, LMP2, LMP3
An Introduction to Sports Car Racing Part 7: The European Le Mans Series
An Introduction to Sports Car Racing Part 9: The Intercontinental GT Challenge