text:
package org.apache.arrow.vector.ipc;

import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.arrow.memory.BufferAllocator;
import org.apache.arrow.memory.RootAllocator;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.ipc.message.ArrowBlock;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.ipc.message.ArrowFieldNode;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.ipc.message.ArrowMessage;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.ipc.message.ArrowRecordBatch;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.ipc.message.MessageSerializer;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.ArrowType;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.DictionaryEncoding;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.Field;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.FieldType;
import org.apache.arrow.vector.types.pojo.Schema;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;

import io.netty.buffer.ArrowBuf;

public class MessageSerializerTest {

  public static ArrowBuf buf(BufferAllocator alloc, byte[] bytes) {
    ArrowBuf buffer = alloc.buffer(bytes.length);
    buffer.writeBytes(bytes);
    return buffer;
  }

  public static byte[] array(ArrowBuf buf) {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[buf.readableBytes()];
    buf.readBytes(bytes);
    return bytes;
  }

  private int intToByteRoundtrip(int v, byte[] bytes) {
    MessageSerializer.intToBytes(v, bytes);
    return MessageSerializer.bytesToInt(bytes);
  }

  @Test
  public void testIntToBytes() {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[4];
    int[] values = new int[] {1, 15, 1 << 8, 1 << 16, Integer.MAX_VALUE};
    for (int v: values) {
      assertEquals(intToByteRoundtrip(v, bytes), v);
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testWriteMessageBufferAligned() throws IOException {
    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    WriteChannel out = new WriteChannel(Channels.newChannel(outputStream));

    // This is not a valid Arrow Message, only to test writing and alignment
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    buffer.putInt(1);
    buffer.putInt(2);
    buffer.flip();

    int bytesWritten = MessageSerializer.writeMessageBuffer(out, 8, buffer);
    assertEquals(16, bytesWritten);

    buffer.rewind();
    buffer.putInt(3);
    buffer.flip();
    bytesWritten = MessageSerializer.writeMessageBuffer(out, 4, buffer);
    assertEquals(16, bytesWritten);

    ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(outputStream.toByteArray());
    ReadChannel in = new ReadChannel(Channels.newChannel(inputStream));
    ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.allocate(32).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
    in.readFully(result);
    result.rewind();

    // First message continuation, size, and 2 int values
    assertEquals(MessageSerializer.IPC_CONTINUATION_TOKEN, result.getInt());
    assertEquals(8, result.getInt());
    assertEquals(1, result.getInt());
    assertEquals(2, result.getInt());

    // Second message continuation, size, 1 int value and 4 bytes padding
    assertEquals(MessageSerializer.IPC_CONTINUATION_TOKEN, result.getInt());
    assertEquals(8, result.getInt());
    assertEquals(3, result.getInt());
    assertEquals(0, result.getInt());
  }

  @Test
  public void testSchemaMessageSerialization() throws IOException {
    Schema schema = testSchema();
    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    long size = MessageSerializer.serialize(
        new WriteChannel(Channels.newChannel(out)), schema);
    assertEquals(size, out.toByteArray().length);

    ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
    Schema deserialized = MessageSerializer.deserializeSchema(
        new ReadChannel(Channels.newChannel(in)));
    assertEquals(schema, deserialized);
    assertEquals(1, deserialized.getFields().size());
  }

  @Test
  public void testSchemaDictionaryMessageSerialization() throws IOException {
    DictionaryEncoding dictionary = new DictionaryEncoding(9L, false, new ArrowType.Int(8, true));
    Field field = new Field("test", new FieldType(true, ArrowType.Utf8.INSTANCE, dictionary, null), null);
    Schema schema = new Schema(Collections.singletonList(field));
    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    long size = MessageSerializer.serialize(new WriteChannel(Channels.newChannel(out)), schema);
    assertEquals(size, out.toByteArray().length);

    ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
    Schema deserialized = MessageSerializer.deserializeSchema(new ReadChannel(Channels.newChannel(in)));
    assertEquals(schema, deserialized);
  }

  @Rule
  public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();

  @Test
  public void testDeserializeRecordBatchLongMetaData() throws IOException {
    expectedEx.expect(IOException.class);
    expectedEx.expectMessage("Cannot currently deserialize record batches over 2GB");
    int offset = 0;
    int metadataLength = 1;
    long bodyLength = Integer.MAX_VALUE + 10L;
    ArrowBlock block = new ArrowBlock(offset, metadataLength, bodyLength);
    long totalLen = block.getMetadataLength() + block.getBodyLength();
    MessageSerializer.deserializeRecordBatch(null, block, null);
  }

  @Test
  public void testSerializeRecordBatch() throws IOException {
    byte[] validity = new byte[] {(byte) 255, 0};
    // second half is "undefined"
    byte[] values = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};

    BufferAllocator alloc = new RootAllocator(Long.MAX_VALUE);
    ArrowBuf validityb = buf(alloc, validity);
    ArrowBuf valuesb = buf(alloc, values);

    ArrowRecordBatch batch = new ArrowRecordBatch(
        16, asList(new ArrowFieldNode(16, 8)), asList(validityb, valuesb));

    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    MessageSerializer.serialize(new WriteChannel(Channels.newChannel(out)), batch);

    ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
    ReadChannel channel = new ReadChannel(Channels.newChannel(in));
    ArrowMessage deserialized = MessageSerializer.deserializeMessageBatch(channel, alloc);
    assertEquals(ArrowRecordBatch.class, deserialized.getClass());
    verifyBatch((ArrowRecordBatch) deserialized, validity, values);
  }

  public static Schema testSchema() {
    return new Schema(asList(new Field(
        "testField", FieldType.nullable(new ArrowType.Int(8, true)), Collections.<Field>emptyList())));
  }

  // Verifies batch contents matching test schema.
  public static void verifyBatch(ArrowRecordBatch batch, byte[] validity, byte[] values) {
    assertTrue(batch != null);
    List<ArrowFieldNode> nodes = batch.getNodes();
    assertEquals(1, nodes.size());
    ArrowFieldNode node = nodes.get(0);
    assertEquals(16, node.getLength());
    assertEquals(8, node.getNullCount());
    List<ArrowBuf> buffers = batch.getBuffers();
    assertEquals(2, buffers.size());
    assertArrayEquals(validity, MessageSerializerTest.array(buffers.get(0)));
    assertArrayEquals(values, MessageSerializerTest.array(buffers.get(1)));
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Muirs Reef has long been an area of interest for gold, with mining on the reef until the 1930's. This project has involved drilling a number of exploration holes near the reef on a mix of farmland and forest blocks.
On our most recent sites we have been using an XHD1150 wireline core rig mounted on a Marooka. This rig with a Marooka based rod carrier have proven to be essential for accessing difficult sites in forested areas of the reef, particularly during the winter months while ground conditions were challenging.


text:
Q: Date column arithmetic in PostgreSQL query I have two tables that look like this:
CREATE TABLE table1 (user_id int, the_date date);
CREATE TABLE table2 (user_id int, the_date date, something_else real);

I am writing a query that looks like this
CREATE TABLE foo AS
 SELECT t1.user_id
 , (t1.the_date - (t2.the_date - t1.the_date)::int) start_date
 FROM table1 t1, table2 t2
 where t1.user_id=t2.user_id
 ;

When I run the above query, I get the following error displayed on the psql console:

ERROR:  syntax error at or near "$1"
LINE 1: ...the_date - (t2.the_date - t1.the_date)::int)  $1 ...

                                                             ^

The second column in the query result is to show a date which is N days BEFORE the date in table1, where N is the difference (in days) between the date in table2 and table1.
Note: table2 will always have has later dates than the dates in table1.
How can I perform this date calculation and store the result as a new column alias in my query?
I am using PG 8.4.

A: You would need to table-qualify t1.user_id to disambiguate. Plus other adjustments:
CREATE TABLE foo AS
SELECT user_id, (t1.the_date - (t2.the_date - t1.the_date)) AS start_date
FROM   table1 t1
JOIN   table2 t2 USING (user_id);

*

*Subtracting two dates yields integer. Cast was redundant.

*Don't omit the AS keyword for column aliases - while it's generally OK to omit AS for table aliases. The manual:

You can omit AS, but only if the desired output name does not match
  any PostgreSQL keyword (see Appendix C). For protection against
  possible future keyword additions, it is recommended that you always
  either write AS or double-quote the output name.)

*Joining tables with a USING clause only keeps one instance of the joining columns(s) (user_id in this case) in the result set and you don't have to table-qualify it any more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Politics ›
The Richest Country In The World Cannot Help Puerto Rico In Its Darkest Moments ›
The Richest Country In The World Cannot Help Puerto Rico In Its Darkest Moments
The richest country in the world doesn't care about it's citizenry.
Angelica Santiago
Imagine a tropical island, filled with many hidden wonders of the world. It is beautiful, yet you cannot imagine it as home as many others do. That is my relationship with Puerto Rico. I feel pride but somehow, I don't think I would be comfortable living there.
My family lives there and all, and I love them all to pieces, but I don't feel comfortable living there due to the neglect that Puerto Rico receives. Its health care is more broken than the United States, its education is worse, not due to any of the teachers, but the lack of resources. Many professionals are leaving the island along with many families and workers.
A cycle has begun to repeat itself, with the island completely losing power on Wednesday, much like it did in September. A cycle of destruction and a lack of assistance. These issues will keep occurring because the infrastructure is fundamentally flawed in Puerto Rico, even more than the rest of United States, which has a D+ ranking in infrastructure.
I visited the island recently in February, about five to six months after Hurricane Maria's ravenous rage. The cities had mostly recovered, but many rural areas were still in ruins. It was unknown if these places would ever receive the care they needed.
Pictured below is my father's old elementary school, and while it was shut down years ago, it is representative of how schools in Puerto Rico still look like. Some of my aunts in Puerto Rico are teachers, and their schools were canceled for months on end.
Hurricane season is soon, and with current climate trends, another Hurricane Maria is certainly on the horizon.
Is there a way to stop any further destruction? Most likely, yes. But does anyone want to really do anything about it? Ask Congress, they don't care. Only now months and months after asking for help repeatedly are they sending any large amounts of aid. It took them months, and while that occured, many people left and school was canceled for months on end.
If Texas lost all power, the American government would care; California, New York, heck even Nebraska, would receive more care than Puerto Rico ever would. As much as some people would like to deny it, Puerto Rico is very much a part of the United States. Every person on that island is an American citizen — people who participate in our military, economy and lifestyle, without the benefits of being in a state.
No one on that island can vote. They cannot vote for people who might be able to gather federal funding to rebuild the island and improve the electrical grid and overall infrastructure. Yet they are still American citizens, who live and die right by our sides.
This picture shows a place that used to be someone's home. Can you imagine having to move out of your home after so many years? Most people don't even have the money to move somewhere else, so they live in their houses with a blue tarp as a roof and open windows.
Can you believe that this is happening in America? Can you seriously believe that we are the richest country in the world, but people live without roofs on their head?
We are the richest country in the world, but people we call citizens are treated as statistics and borderline second-class.
There were still people without access to water while I visited my family, they didn't even have water! They are surrounded by nothing but water, but they had none that they could actually use. Forget power; there was no water. There was also a huge lack of healthcare for a couple of months as well.
Many hospitals were overcrowded, and many deaths occurred as a side effect of Maria. The hurricane caused everything to lose power, and while the hospitals had generators, many of them were old and barely lasted as long as they needed to. I have an uncle who relies on dialysis twice a week, and he couldn't go to his life-saving therapies for about a month or so. My father was ill, too, but he was focused on volunteering and helping others during the aftermath that he had no time to focus on his own problems.
It is going to happen again and again until someone decides to care. Over and over and over and over. So many lives will be lost to hurricanes much like Maria, and it is not improbable that one stronger will come into existence. Will the aid around now really help with damage recovery? Will it be enough to simply repair and not implement new safety methods for future hurricanes that will occur?
Many of those natural wonders, those hidden gems, are ruined. El Yunque, the only rain forest in the United States, is inaccessible as most of the canopy is completely destroyed. Many famous beaches are unreachable or unusable, like the beaches on the tinier sister islands, Culebra and Vieques. Luckily, the tides have started to change thanks to tourism.
Maybe one day, someone will care enough to help Puerto Rico raise up again, but the fundamental issues that cause many of the problems I have mentioned will take years upon years to fix. It is only a matter if we decide to help those who are supposed to be our brothers and sisters.
To aid Puerto Rico, you can donate to non-profit ConPRmetidos to finance long-term relief and to The Hurricane Maria Community Relief & Recovery Fund to fund immediate rebuilding efforts.
The Story of Tyrone West, and the Sister Who Keeps Fighting for Justice
Sheridan Merrick
10 Deadliest School Shootings in U.S. History
Alie Zavaletta
5 Major Issues Facing The United States Today
Danielle Sovereign
Adolf Hitler's Most Renowned Speech
Andrey Grashkin
Here Are 5 Conspiracy Theories About The Las Vegas Shooting
Alondra Pena
Best of Politics
Seven Things To Thank Climate Change For
Gabriella Novello

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Possible harsher penalties for texting and driving crashes in Illinois
There's a new push in Springfield to cut down on texting and driving. The proposal would increase the penalties for causing a crash while using your phone.
Even though it's against the law in Illinois to be on your phone and drive, people still do it.
"I've seen people text, mostly young people," said Camp Point, Illinois resident Dave Leezer.
"A lot of times you'll see them at intersections, looking down at their phones and you can definitely tell they are texting and driving while they're at the intersections," said Payson, Illinois resident Janice Huber.
However, a new bill sponsored by Representative Norine Hammond, R- Macomb, would up the penalty for a driver who causes bodily harm to another while distracted.The fine would go from $75 to $1,000, plus a year without a license.
Hammond released a statement on the bill, saying in part; "It's my hope that the threat of an increased fine and a suspended driver's license will make Illinoisans realize how serious the risk is when you don't have your eyes on the road."
When you don't have your eyes on the road, officers say that's when things can go wrong.
"Roadway conditions can change very fast; a dog runs out in front of somebody, a kid runs out in front of somebody and they slam on their brakes, if you're not paying attention you may rear-end them," said Quincy Police Officer William Printy. "You may injury somebody."
Printy says texting and driving is still a problem.
"We will stop you," said Printy. "We will write tickets for it because it is a safety issue."
Even if the proposal passes to increase the fines and penalties for hurting someone while texting and driving, drivers don't seem to think it will help curb the problem.
"I honestly believe they don't think it's a problem and that it won't impair their ability to drive," said Leezer.
"I would be for it but I don't know if it would help because people will ignore the law and just do whatever they want to do," said Huber.
There are some state representatives who think this bill would affect low-income people. making it harder for them to absorb the cost of a $1,000 fine. However, most agreed that the current $75 fine is to low to be a real deterrent for this widespread habit.
The bill now needs a vote on the House floor before it can be reported to the Senate.
In Missouri, texting and using your phone, while driving is against the law if you are 21 and younger.
Under current law, Iowa drivers are banned from using handheld electronic devices like cellphones to write, send or view electronic messages while driving.
Kaylee Pfeiferling


text:
Album #5 Kickstarter Now Live
The time has come! We've been working on new music for the last few years, and we're ready to take it into the studio! We need your help on that last part though, and that's why we've just launched a Kickstarter.
In exchange, we are absolutely gonna BRING it with the rewards. For example, here's what you get, at minimum, if you pledge $100:
Many New Things NOW AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE NOW FROM THE INSIDE THE VAULT CLUB
MANY NEW THINGS
LIMITED TO 300 CDs & HI-RES DOWNLOADS
Download "Stay for the Ending" FREE ON BANDCAMP
ISOLATION (Remotely Recorded Studio Demos)
1. Stay for the Ending (4:35)
2. Deck is Stacked (6:22)
3. Divided We Fall (New Drums Mix) (4:33)
4. Mirror (instrumental version) (7:23)
5. Possession (5:30)
Free Ghost Girl (Live) Download
Now thru Halloween, get a FREE DOWNLOAD of an unreleased live version of Ghost Girl from De Boerderij in Holland recorded on 10/3/19. You can pay something if you like, but there's no minimum.
Before or after downloading, please:
1. Watch Ghost Girl (Official Short Film) (please like, subscribe, and comment).
2. Share Ghost Girl with your friends/family via social media, email, etc.
Ghost Girl (Official Short Film) is here!
Ghost Girl is the musical journey of a little girl who longs to fit in. The only problem? She's terrorized by malevolent spirits, and nobody believes her—except for her loving but overbearing mother.
Get GG merch HERE
One More Red Night in Hi-Res/Bandcamp 20% Off Sale
Bandcamp is again giving all proceeds to artists today, and we're offering 20% off everything with code happy4th until 11:59 PM PT tonight (7/3). For the occasion, we've unveiled One More Red Night (Featuring John Wetton) in hi-res stereo for the very first time.
Rare John Wetton/D97 Footage Released
Today would've been John Wetton's 71st birthday, and thus we're unveiling this very rare footage of us performing "Fallen Angel" together in May 2013:
We're offering 20% off EVERYTHING at our Bandcamp page with code D9720off at checkout today and today only thru 11:59 PM PST!
Bandcamp is giving all proceeds today (Friday, 6/5) to artists as most of us are out of work, so also take a look at all the other great music on the site, too.
Bread & Yarn Video Premiere at Prog Magazine
Presenting a Music Video for Our Times; Bread & Yarn premieres today via Prog. We think it resonates in our current conundrum...


Intended for those who have possibly wanted to visit the National Archives, found their website a little daunting and then left it at that. Also for those who have visited perhaps just once and felt they have not had the best out of it.
This is a group participation live computer assessment of the TNA website and their Discovery search engine, finding out how to be undaunted by it so that you can make the most of your visit.
You can use your own laptop or suitable mobile device and tap in to the BMI WiFi or use the society computers. Lasts about 2 ½ hours, places strictly limited. Includes some handouts and time for some 1 to 1 afterwards. Takes place in the group library, the Kingsley Norris Room at the BMI. You can register your interest through the email address below.
Cost is just £5 in advance which can be considered as part payment for a seat on either of the next two coaches to Kew.


text:
The Chaza, or pelota nacional (national ball), is a South American racquet sport, (like tennis), which is practiced on a rectangular area bounded by lines. This area is divided by a line drawn on the floor that divides the playing field. It is played between two teams, each with 4 players. The object of the game is to launch a ball (called "bombo") by hand or racquet so that it bounces into the opponent's field without being returned.

The sport is widely practiced in Nariño, Colombia, and it's the national sport of Ecuador.

History
Chaza was created in the 14th century by indigenous communities who inhabited the area that is currently on the border of Colombia and Ecuador. In the beginning it was played with a heavy leather ball, which was thrown by hand.

Game Rules

This game can be played with hands or with a wooden racquet, The ball is lined with goatskin and called a "bombo" weighing 70-90 grams.
As in volleyball, players rotate, which is why the field has a line (6 on each side) indicating which position each should play.

Points are scored as for tennis, i.e., 15, 30, 40 and the point. When a team gets 6 points and maintains a minimum difference of 2 points over their rival, it wins the set. When a team wins 2 sets, it wins the game.

Each point is also scored as in tennis, looking for the opposing team to fail to return the ball before it bounces 2 times within their field.

The field is rectangular and concrete and 110 meters long and 10 meters wide, divided by a line drawn on the ground.

See also

 Sport in Colombia
 Sport in Ecuador
 National sport
 Tejo
 Tennis
 Volleyball
 Pelota

References

Traditional sports
Sport in Colombia
Sport in Ecuador
Sports originating in Colombia
Sports originating in Ecuador
Nariño Department

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
In mathematics, affine geometry is what remains of Euclidean geometry when ignoring (mathematicians often say "forgetting") the metric notions of distance and angle.

As the notion of parallel lines is one of the main properties that is independent of any metric, affine geometry is often considered as the study of parallel lines. Therefore, Playfair's axiom (Given a line L and a point P not on L, there is exactly one line parallel to L that passes through P.) is fundamental in affine geometry. Comparisons of figures in affine geometry are made with affine transformations, which are mappings that preserve alignment of points and parallelism of lines.

Affine geometry can be developed in two ways that are essentially equivalent.

In synthetic geometry, an affine space is a set of points to which is associated a set of lines, which satisfy some axioms (such as Playfair's axiom).

Affine geometry can also be developed on the basis of linear algebra. In this context an affine space is a set of points equipped with a set of transformations (that is bijective mappings), the translations, which forms a vector space (over a given field, commonly the real numbers), and such that for any given ordered pair of points there is a unique translation sending the first point to the second; the composition of two translations is their sum in the vector space of the translations.

In more concrete terms, this amounts to having an operation that associates to any ordered pair of points a vector and another operation that allows translation of a point by a vector to give another point; these operations are required to satisfy a number of axioms (notably that two successive translations have the effect of translation by the sum vector). By choosing any point as "origin", the points are in one-to-one correspondence with the vectors, but there is no preferred choice for the origin; thus an affine space may be viewed as obtained from its associated vector space by "forgetting" the origin (zero vector).

The idea of forgetting the metric can be applied in the theory of manifolds.  That is developed in the article on the affine connection.

History
In 1748, Leonhard Euler introduced the term affine (Latin affinis, "related") in his book Introductio in analysin infinitorum (volume 2, chapter XVIII). In 1827, August Möbius wrote on affine geometry in his Der barycentrische Calcul (chapter 3).

After Felix Klein's Erlangen program, affine geometry was recognized as a generalization of Euclidean geometry.

In 1918, Hermann Weyl referred to affine geometry for his text Space, Time, Matter. He used affine geometry to introduce vector addition and subtraction at the earliest stages of his development of mathematical physics. Later, E. T. Whittaker wrote:
 Weyl's geometry is interesting historically as having been the first of the affine geometries to be worked out in detail: it is based on a special type of parallel transport [...using] worldlines of light-signals in four-dimensional space-time. A short element of one of these world-lines may be called a null-vector; then the parallel transport in question is such that it carries any null-vector at one point into the position of a null-vector at a neighboring point.

Systems of axioms
Several axiomatic approaches to affine geometry have been put forward:

Pappus' law

As affine geometry deals with parallel lines, one of the properties of parallels noted by Pappus of Alexandria has been taken as a premise:
 Suppose   are on one line and  on another.  If the lines  and  are parallel and the lines  and  are parallel, then the lines  and  are parallel.

The full axiom system proposed has point, line, and line containing point as primitive notions:
 Two points are contained in just one line.
 For any line l and any point P, not on l, there is just one line containing P and not containing any point of l. This line is said to be parallel to l.
 Every line contains at least two points.
 There are at least three points not belonging to one line.

According to H. S. M. Coxeter:
The interest of these five axioms is enhanced by the fact that they can be developed into a vast body of propositions, holding not only in Euclidean geometry but also in Minkowski's geometry of  time and space (in the simple case of 1 + 1 dimensions, whereas the special theory of relativity needs 1 + 3). The extension to either Euclidean or Minkowskian geometry is achieved by adding various further axioms of orthogonality, etc.

The various types of affine geometry correspond to what interpretation is taken for rotation. Euclidean geometry corresponds to the ordinary idea of rotation, while Minkowski's geometry corresponds to hyperbolic rotation. With respect to perpendicular lines, they remain perpendicular when the plane is subjected to ordinary rotation. In the Minkowski geometry, lines that are hyperbolic-orthogonal remain in that relation when the plane is subjected to hyperbolic rotation.

Ordered structure
An axiomatic treatment of plane affine geometry can be built from the axioms of ordered geometry by the addition of two additional axioms:

 (Affine axiom of parallelism) Given a point  and a line  not through , there is at most one line through  which does not meet .
 (Desargues) Given seven distinct points , such that , , and  are distinct lines through  and  is parallel to  and  is parallel to , then  is parallel to .

The affine concept of parallelism forms an equivalence relation on lines. Since the axioms of ordered geometry as presented here include properties that imply the structure of the real numbers, those properties carry over here so that this is an axiomatization of affine geometry over the field of real numbers.

Ternary rings

The first non-Desarguesian plane was noted by David Hilbert in his Foundations of Geometry. The Moulton plane is a standard illustration. In order to provide a context for such geometry as well as those where Desargues theorem is valid, the concept of a ternary ring was developed by Marshall Hall.

In this approach affine planes are constructed from ordered pairs taken from a ternary ring. A plane is said to have the "minor affine Desargues property" when two triangles in parallel perspective, having two parallel sides, must also have the third sides parallel. If this property holds in the affine plane defined by a ternary ring, then there is an equivalence relation between "vectors" defined by pairs of points from the plane. Furthermore, the vectors form an abelian group under addition; the ternary ring is linear and satisfies right distributivity:
 (a + b) c = ac + bc.

Affine transformations

Geometrically, affine transformations (affinities) preserve collinearity: so they transform parallel lines into parallel lines and preserve ratios of distances along parallel lines.

We identify as affine theorems any geometric result that is invariant under the affine group (in Felix Klein's Erlangen programme this is its underlying group of symmetry transformations for affine geometry).  Consider in a vector space V, the general linear group GL(V).  It is not the whole affine group because we must allow also translations by vectors v in V. (Such a translation maps any w in V to w + v.) The affine group is generated by the general linear group and the translations and is in fact their semidirect product . (Here we think of V as a group under its operation of addition, and use the defining representation of GL(V) on V to define the semidirect product.)

For example, the theorem from the plane geometry of triangles about the concurrence of the lines joining each vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side (at the centroid or barycenter) depends on the notions of mid-point and centroid as affine invariants.  Other examples include the theorems of Ceva and Menelaus.

Affine invariants can also assist calculations.  For example, the lines that divide the area of a triangle into two equal halves form an envelope inside the triangle. The ratio of the area of the envelope to the area of the triangle is affine invariant, and so only needs to be calculated from a simple case such as a unit isosceles right angled triangle to give  i.e. 0.019860... or less than 2%, for all triangles.

Familiar formulas such as half the base times the height for the area of a triangle, or a third the base times the height for the volume of a pyramid, are likewise affine invariants.  While the latter is less obvious than the former for the general case, it is easily seen for the one-sixth of the unit cube formed by a face (area 1) and the midpoint of the cube (height 1/2).  Hence it holds for all pyramids, even slanting ones whose apex is not directly above the center of the base, and those with base a parallelogram instead of a square.  The formula further generalizes to pyramids whose base can be dissected into parallelograms, including cones by allowing infinitely many parallelograms (with due attention to convergence).  The same approach shows that a four-dimensional pyramid has 4D hypervolume one quarter the 3D volume of its parallelepiped base times the height, and so on for higher dimensions.

Kinematics
Two types of affine transformation are used in kinematics, both classical and modern. Velocity v is described using length and direction, where length is presumed unbounded. This variety of kinematics, styled as Galilean or Newtonian, uses coordinates of absolute space and time. The shear mapping of a plane with an axis for each represents coordinate change for an observer moving  with velocity v in a resting frame of reference.

Finite light speed, first noted by the delay in appearance of the moons of Jupiter, requires a modern kinematics. The method involves rapidity instead of velocity, and substitutes squeeze mapping for the shear mapping used earlier. This affine geometry was developed synthetically in 1912. to express the special theory of relativity.
In 1984, "the affine plane associated to the Lorentzian vector space L2" was described by Graciela Birman and Katsumi Nomizu in an article entitled "Trigonometry in Lorentzian geometry".

Affine space

Affine geometry can be viewed as the geometry of an affine space of a given dimension n, coordinatized over a field K.  There is also (in two dimensions) a combinatorial generalization of coordinatized affine space, as developed in synthetic finite geometry.  In projective geometry, affine space means the complement of a hyperplane at infinity in a projective space.  Affine space can also be viewed as a vector space whose operations are limited to those linear combinations whose coefficients sum to one, for example 2x − y, x − y + z, (x + y + z)/3, ix + (1 − i)y, etc.

Synthetically, affine planes are 2-dimensional affine geometries defined in terms of the relations between points and lines (or sometimes, in higher dimensions, hyperplanes).  Defining affine (and projective) geometries as configurations of points and lines (or hyperplanes) instead of using coordinates, one gets examples with no coordinate fields.  A major property is that all such examples have dimension 2.  Finite examples in dimension 2 (finite affine planes) have been valuable in the study of configurations in infinite affine spaces, in group theory, and in combinatorics.

Despite being less general than the configurational approach, the other approaches discussed have been very successful in illuminating the parts of geometry that are related to symmetry.

Projective view
In traditional geometry, affine geometry is considered to be a study between Euclidean geometry and projective geometry. On the one hand, affine geometry is Euclidean geometry with congruence left out; on the other hand, affine geometry may be obtained from projective geometry by the designation of a particular line or plane to represent the points at infinity. In affine geometry, there is no metric structure but the parallel postulate does hold. Affine geometry provides the basis for Euclidean structure when perpendicular lines are defined, or the basis for Minkowski geometry through the notion of hyperbolic orthogonality. In this viewpoint, an affine transformation is a projective transformation that does not permute finite points with points at infinity, and affine transformation geometry is the study of geometrical properties through the action of the group of affine transformations.

See also
 Non-Euclidean geometry

References

Further reading
 Emil Artin (1957) Geometric Algebra, chapter 2: "Affine and projective geometry", via Internet Archive
 V.G. Ashkinuse & Isaak Yaglom (1962) Ideas and Methods of Affine and Projective Geometry (in Russian), Ministry of Education, Moscow.
 M. K. Bennett (1995) Affine and Projective Geometry, John Wiley & Sons  .
 H. S. M. Coxeter (1955) "The Affine Plane", Scripta Mathematica 21:5–14, a lecture delivered before the Forum of the Society of Friends of Scripta Mathematica on Monday, April 26, 1954.
 Felix Klein (1939) Elementary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint: Geometry, translated by E. R. Hedrick and C. A. Noble, pp 70–86, Macmillan Company.
 Bruce E. Meserve (1955) Fundamental Concepts of Geometry, Chapter 5 Affine Geometry,, pp 150–84, Addison-Wesley.
 Peter Scherk & Rolf Lingenberg (1975) Rudiments of Plane Affine Geometry, Mathematical Expositions #20, University of Toronto Press.
 Wanda Szmielew (1984) From Affine to Euclidean Geometry: an axiomatic approach, D. Reidel,  .
 Oswald Veblen (1918) Projective Geometry, volume 2, chapter 3: Affine group in the plane, pp 70 to 118, Ginn & Company.

External links

Peter Cameron's Projective and Affine Geometries from University of London.
Jean H. Gallier (2001). Geometric Methods and Applications for Computer Science and Engineering, Chapter 2: "Basics of Affine Geometry" (PDF), Springer Texts in Applied Mathematics #38, chapter online from University of Pennsylvania.


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HomeEntertainmentIs World Trigger...
Is World Trigger Season 4 Coming?
Daisuke Ashihara is the author and artist of the manga series World Trigger. One day, a portal to another planet appears, letting creatures known as Neighbors into the present. Special, secret Borders must defeat the Neighbors and safeguard civilian populations.
Special technology known as "Triggers" is used by border patrol to battle the Neighbors. The skirmishes between the Neighbors and Borders have become the new normal, and the city goes about its business as usual.
Follow the adventures of a Neighbor by the name of Yuma Kuga. As a member of the Border Patrol, Osamu Mikumo has a personal interest in protecting Yuma from the Border Patrol.
In 2014, an anime version of World Trigger was released. There were a total of 73 episodes in the show's first season. For the second and third seasons, it has been resurrected. There were a total of 12 episodes in Season 2.
The series seems to be popular, but it appears to be very popular in Japan. World Trigger was named the 14th greatest manga of all time in a poll held in Japan in January of 2021. There were more than 150,000 persons who cast their ballots.
World Trigger Season 4 Confirmed?
Toei Animation, the company behind the popular World Trigger anime, has not yet announced the fourth season of the series. But with the season 3 finale that aired on Oct 2021 in just a few hours, fans shouldn't be too worried about the absence of information on the future of the series at the moment.
Many World Trigger fans are certain that the program may return as scheduled for a fourth television broadcast in the not-too-distant future. Anime renewals are usually based on two factors: popularity and the availability of source material, which World Trigger possesses.
No official viewing figures for Crunchyroll simulcast titles are released, but World Trigger has remained popular with an international audience throughout its television transmission.
As previously stated, season 3 was scheduled to cover up to 22 of the manga. Although just 24 volumes have been released in Japan, Toei Animation's production team waited for additional volumes to be released before producing another season of animation.
Around 30-40 chapters are required for a complete anime season based on the manga's current chapter count of 160, with season 4 scheduled to cover 196.
Fans may anticipate sufficient source material to be accessible by Summer 2022 if volume 25 continues at the current pace in Japan.
The story revolves around People in Mikado City who have become accustomed to the occasional clashes with their Neighbors and have returned to their daily routines. The use of borders has grown in popularity.
One day, Yma Kuga, a white-haired mystery kid, comes to the local school to attend classes. For the sake of concealing his true identity, Kuga is one of Border's strongest humanoid Neighbors.
Osamu Mikumo, a fellow student at the institution, is a C-class Border trainee. Mikumo's responsibility is to escort Kuga around Mikado City and keep him hidden from the Border because of Kuga's utter ignorance of city life.


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Putin24hourwristbands com coupon code discount invites Kim Jong-un to visit Russia
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MOSCOW - Russian President Vladimir Putin invited Kim Jong-un, top leader of the Democratic People"s Republic of Korea, to travel to Russia in September, RIA news agency reported on Monday, citing Ivan Melnikov, a deputy speaker of the lower house of parliament.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, who visited Pyongyang last week, passed the DPRK leader an invitation from Putin to visit Russia during its Eastern Economic Forum, which is held in Vladivostok every year, Melnikov said.
Meanwhile, top diplomats of the Republic of Korea and the United States held a phone conversation on Monday over a summit between the DPRK and the US that got back on track over the weekend.
ROK Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha talked over the phone with US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo for about 15 minutes in the morning, according to Seoul"s Foreign Ministry.
Kang and Pompeo exchanged opinions over the recent progress in the DPRK-US summit, including the visit by Kim Yongchol, vice-chairman of the ruling Workers" Party of Korea Central Committee of the DPRK, to Washington to meet US President Donald Trump.
Trump said on Friday that he will meet Kim on June 12 in Singapore as originally scheduled.
The DPRK official, who held a two-day meeting with Pompeo in New York before heading to Washington, delivered the DPRK leader"s personal letter to the US president.
The top diplomats of Seoul and Washington held an in-depth discussion on how to prepare for the DPRK-US summit successfully, agreeing to seek ways through close consultations to achieve a complete denuclearization and a lasting peace settlement on the Korean Peninsula.
An official of the ROK"s presidential Blue House told local reporters that Seoul and Washington have been closely communicating over the DPRKUS summit.
Asked about whether a three-way summit in Singapore would be held between the ROK, the DPRK and the US after the summit on June 12, the official said Seoul had yet to launch preparations for such a meeting.
ROK President Moon Jae-in said recently that he anticipated the three-way summit would be held to declare an official end to the 1950-53 Korean War. The Korean Peninsula remains technically at war as the Korean War ended with an armistice.
After the April 27 inter-Korean summit, Moon and Kim agreed to complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and turn the current armistice agreement to a peace treaty by the end of this year.
Reuters - Xinhua
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I've been a big fan New Zealand designer Jane Denton for several years, having first interviewed her on the blog back in 2013. Creating unique textile art that is lively and fresh but also timeless, Jane is making a name for herself not only here in NZ, but around the world. Her work has been featured on many top global blogs, and can be seen in the homes of leading designers such as US stylist Emily Henderson.
Using wool or cotton stitched onto canvas, Jane says "I really love creating something beautiful and bringing a little bit of happiness to people's homes." As a proud owner of two Jane Denton artworks, I can say that they've brought an enormous amount of happiness into ours!
Working hard at her craft over Summer, Jane has just released a stunning new series, and I'm delighted to share it with you today. The five new artworks bring with them all the texture and delicacy of previous ones, but with a more sophisticated and refined look. Achieved by using cotton rather than wool, and some very subtle metallic threads stitched over some of the lighter colours, the pieces are exquisite. I love the softer palettes which have hints of silver and gold, the boldness of the blues tones and of course the large black on white piece is incredibly striking.
The series was shot at the beautiful LET LIV store in Wellington, styled alongside their gorgeous Scandi-inspired homewares and furniture. All of the artworks are limited editions (usually 10-20 editions available for each design), and have been hand-stitched by Jane. Available to purchase online with worldwide shipping, framing is an option for customers in NZ and the US. The new series is also available to purchase from the LET LIV store, in a choice of white or timber frames. The Trestle Desk below is by Company.
Jane also does commissions, and has recently worked on larger scale pieces for some overseas clients.
To celebrate the new launch, Jane has offered to give away a stunning Arrows Artwork to one very lucky reader! The artwork is valued at $485 NZD and is unframed.
To enter, email enter@thedesignchaser.com with Jane Denton Arrows in the subject line. Please include your full name in the email. To be eligible you must also follow Jane Denton on Instgram (@janedenton_art).
The competition is open worldwide, and will close on Tuesday 17th February at 10am NZ time (UTC +12). The winner will be chosen via random.org, notified by email and announced on the blog that day.
UPDATE: This comp has now closed. Congratulations to the winner Diana Thompson!


INDEPENDENCE — The Independence Fire Department responded to a fire call involving two campers and a small cabin on 1000 Maple Rd. in Independence on Monday, Oct. 22 at approximately 3:11 p.m.
The initial call stated that a camper trailer was on fire, and had exploded at the location.
The fire department extinguished the blaze and cleared the scene in about an hour. No one was occupying the buildings at the time of the fire, Chief Gary Hash confirmed to the paper in an interview.


3 Bedroom End of Terrace House For Sale in Ashford for Guide Price £250,000.
Offered for sale with no chain is this three bedroom house which comprises an entrance hall, downstairs cloakroom, kitchen and lounge/diner to the ground floor. To the first floor there are two double bedrooms and one single bedroom with an en-suite to the master bedroom and a family bathroom. Outside there is an enclosed rear garden with a garage and driveway to the front. Early viewings are highly recommended.


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Home / Texas / Carol S. Young – Medical Facility
Carol S. Young - Medical Facility Inmate Search and Prison Information
5509 Attwater Avenue, Dickinson, TX, 77539
Carol S. Young - Medical Facility offender lookup: Mugshots, Who's in jail, Facility, Sentenced On, Liens and Judgments, Facility, Arrests, Arrest Date, Release Date, Probate Documents, Defendant Record, Description, Criminal Records, Disposition, Inmate Roster, Booking Date, Bookings, Bond, Warrant, Height, Case Records.
In Galveston County, Texas resides Carol S. Young – Medical Facility.
The Carol S. Young – Medical Facility is a medium-security state facility that houses adult male offenders. The Carol S. Young – Medical Facility can house nearly 314 offenders at one time.
Here in the Carol S. Young – Medical Facility offenders will either be housed in celled type of settings or dormitory type of settings.
You should know that the Carol S. Young – Medical Facility is broken down into a few units. These units being:
Mental Health Unit
General Population Unit
Minimum Housing Unit
Infirmary Unit
Segregation Unit
The Carol S. Young – Medical Facility also offers its offenders a variety of vocational programs including the following:
Culinary Arts Classes
Horticulture Courses
Offenders will also have the chance to get involved in parenting courses, substance abuse, re-entry programs, and sex offender treatment.
Carol S. Young – Medical Facility — General Information
Carol S. Young – Medical Facility, State Prison.
Adult, Capacity 314 persons.
http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/unit_directory/gc.html
How to Find Someone in Carol S. Young – Medical Facility
The Texas Department of Corrections has a database of all Texas state prisons inmates in one spot. This makes finding an inmate in the Carol S. Young - Medical Facility rather easy.
You can search the database by using the inmate's first and last name or you can search the database by his offender number.
Offenders will have the luxury of having the ability to send and receive letters from their family and friends.
Inmates mail will be examined prior to them receiving it for safety reasons. When sending the mail, you should have your return address along with the inmate's name and inmate number on it as well.
The Carol S. Young - Medical Facility has made it easy for family and friends of offenders to send money.
You can send money by using JPay. JPay is well known throughout the prison system. It's the easy way to send money using your credit or debit card. The offender will receive the funds typically immediately as well.
Offenders in the Carol S. Young - Medical Facility will have the opportunity to contact you via the telephone.
Telephone conversations will typically be limited to 15 minutes. This limitation is to ensure that every offender will have the chance to use the phone, if they want to.
When visiting an inmate in the Carol S. Young - Medical Facility, you will need to have proper identification. You will also need to know that you will only be permitted to visit the offender once every 14 days.
You should also note that depending on where the inmate is in the Carol S. Young - Medical Facility, will be dependent on when you can visit. Visitation schedule is as follows:
For general population and annex offenders they can have visitors from 8:30 to 3 pm on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and the weekends.
For segregation offenders, they will be permitted to have two no contact visits per month during 9 am to 2 pm on Tuesdays.
For infirmary offenders who are well enough to accept visitors will have access to the same visiting schedule as the other general population offenders
For minimum housing offenders will be having visitation on weekends between the hours of 9 am to 3 pm and then on Tuesdays and Thursdays between the hours of 6 pm to 8 pm.
Mental health offenders have visitation dependent on their level.
Level 1 has no contact visitation on Thursdays between the hours of 9 am to 2 pm
Level 2 has restrained contact visitation on Wednesdays from 9 am to 11 am and on Thursdays from 9 am to 2 pm.
Level 3 has contact visits on Wednesdays from 12 pm to 2 pm and Thursdays from 9 am to 2 pm.
Level for has visits between the hours of 8:30 am to 3pm on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays.
Dickinson City Jail
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Friendswood City Jail
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Galveston County Juvenile Justice Center
Harris County Youth Village
Shoreacres City Jail
Alvin City Jail
Tike Island City Jail
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Pearland Jail
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Other Types of Correctional Facilities in Texas
Federal Prison 17


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Laugh Your Head Off: Funny Stories for All Kinds of Kids
A Choco-pops robot + a practical joke that goes wrong + a talking rock + organic rodent pies + a face that's stuck + a plan for revenge + an out-of-control imaginary fairy + a nit epidemic + five kids and one chimp in space = one hilarious book.
Andy Griffiths: author of the bestselling and award-winning Treehouse series, as well as the Just series, The Bad Book and many other titles. Frances Watts: author of the bestselling picture book Kisses for Daddy, and winner of the Prime Minister's Literary Award for Goodnight Mice. Andrew Daddo: prolific author and celebrity survivor, who thankfully, got out of Africa in time to write us a story. Lollie Barr: author of Stunt Boy, a CBCA notable book. James O'Loghlin: author of Daisy Malone and the Blue Glowing Stone and The Adventures of Sir Roderick, The Not-Very Brave, which won the Speech Pathology Award and was shortlisted for the NSW Premier's Literary Awards. Tristan Bancks: CBCA shortlisted author for Two Wolves, and author of the series My Life and Other Mistakes. Sam Bowring: author of The Zoo of Magical and Mythological Creatures, a CBCA notable book. Randa Abdel-Fattah: multiple award-winning author. Judith Rossell: winner of the Indie Book Award for Withering-By-Sea, which has also been shortlisted for the 2015 CBCA awards.
Publisher : Pan Macmillan Australia Pty, Limited
Imprint : Macmillan
Produced in : Australia


Add Saturday Night Live's "So You're Willing to Date a Magician?" to the Breaking Hall of Fame.
The dating show sketch, which featured Awkwafina as a bachelorette who's "not feeling too picky right now," was pretty funny on its own. But Leslie Jones laughing so hard she had to hide behind her question card puts it squarely into "delightful" territory.
Hey, you can't tell us you wouldn't crack up at Kenan Thompson and those nails.


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New Markets Venture Partners Promotes Elizabeth Chou to General Partner
Published on April 9, 2019 By FinSMEs
Elizabeth Chou
New Markets Venture Partners, a Fulton, MD-based impact venture capital firm that invests in and actively assists early- and growth-stage education and workforce technology companies, promoted Elizabeth Chou to General Partner.
Since joining the firm in 2010, Ms. Chou has played an integral role becoming a market leader, supporting early and growth stage investments in the education and workforce technology sector. Personally, she has developed a reputation with entrepreneurs for her valuable strategic guidance and passion for improving education.
Ms. Chou has led a number of New Markets' investments including Series A investments in Kickboard and Learn Platform and the firm's recent Series C investment in Galvanize.
She currently serves on the boards of Kickboard and Learn Platform and previously served at Questar Assessment.
Additionally Ms. Chou has played a key role as a board observer at APDS, Better Lesson, Galvanize, Graduation Alliance, Moodlerooms, Presence Learning and Think Through Learning.
Prior to joining New Markets, she was a Senior Associate at The Gladstone Companies, a family of public funds, focusing on investing in and managing control equity and mezzanine debt investments.
Before that, Ms. Chou was an Account Executive with M&T Bank's Middle Market Commercial and Industrial Lending Group.
The firm is led by Mark Grovic, co-founder and General Partner, and Jason Palmer, General Partner.
Tagged with: New Markets Venture Partners
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Civitas Learning Raises $8.75M in Funding
New Markets Venture Partners Receives $10.5M Strategic Investment from ACT Ventures
By FinSMEs	Published on August 4, 2017
Credly Raises $2.5M Seed Financing
By FinSMEs	Published on March 16, 2016


The American Dental Association (ADA) recently announced the appointment of Anthony J. Ziebert, D.D.S., M.S., as its senior vice president for Education/Professional Affairs effective Dec. 19. As leader of the division, Dr. Ziebert's responsibilities will include overseeing criteria for dental school accreditation and dental education and licensure, dental school admission testing and continuing dental education.
The American Dental Association (ADA) is offering the newly revised ADA Practical Guide to Creating an Employee Office Manual which assists dental practices in creating customized employee office manuals. Written and reviewed by a team of ADA professionals, Creating an Employee Office Manual addresses many common employment issues and contains sample forms, checklists, policies and procedures. These documents are included in Microsoft Word format on the book's accompanying CD-ROM for quick and easy customization for each dental practice's unique needs.
"Native Americans suffer from inadequate access to dental care and the resulting disease in dramatically greater proportion than the general population."
ADA President William R. Calnon, D.D.S. thanked the Department of Health and Human Services today for including oral health among the "leading health indicators" (LHIs) used to evaluate the nation's progress in promoting health care objectives outlined in Healthy People 2020.
Robert A. Faiella, D.M.D., M.M.SC., who practices Periodontics in Osterville, Mass., was recently selected as president-elect of the American Dental Association (ADA). Dr. Faiella's election took place during a meeting of the ADA House of Delegates in Las Vegas.
"Kellogg's reported findings on people's need for better access to care are consistent with what the ADA, federal and state governments, and numerous other stakeholders have said for years, and it is good to have that message reinforced. Breaking down the barriers that impede people's ability to attain good oral health is our highest priority. State and local dental societies and our 156,000 members share this priority, and understand that it will take multiple solutions to achieve it.
The American Dental Association's (ADA) Give Kids A Smile® program, Henry Schein Cares, Inc., and 3M ESPE are teaming up to put good oral health on the fast track for young fans of NASCAR.
A multi-disciplinary expert panel, convened by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs, issued a report this month containing clinical recommendations that sugar-free chewing gum, lozenges and hard candy including xylitol or polyol combinations, and a prescription varnish with chlorhexidine and thymol could be beneficial in preventing cavities when used as adjuncts to a comprehensive cavity prevention program which includes the use of fluoride-containing products. The panel noted in its report that these nonfluoride options could provide an extra benefit to prevent cavities in patients at high risk for developing cavities when used in addition to products such as toothpaste, dental sealants and varnishes that contain fluoride as well as community water fluoridation and good eating habits.
The American Dental Association (ADA) recently launched The ADA Practical Guide to Frequently Asked Legal Questions as an e-book for the Amazon Kindle and Barnes & Noble Nook e-readers.


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Opinion Comment
Mary Kenny: 'How painter Paul Henry put the west coast of Ireland on the global map'
Paul Henry took a train across Ireland and was forever smitten by the beauty and intensity of the west coast
Mary Kenny. Photo by Tony Gavin
'Windy Day, Co Kerry' by Paul Henry
Mary Kenny Twitter Email
Who put the west coast of Ireland on the global map, visually? The honour almost certainly goes to Paul Henry, the Belfast painter whose many exquisite paintings of Connemara, Achill, Kinsale and Kerry virtually invented the genre of the romantic Irish landscape of seascape, lough, mountain, wide sky, and thatched cottage - sometimes featuring a woman in the scarlet petticoat that he considered so beguiling.
https://www.independent.ie/opinion/comment/mary-kenny-how-painter-paul-henry-put-the-west-coast-of-ireland-on-the-global-map-38277854.html
https://www.independent.ie/life/article37866628.ece/43835/AUTOCROP/h342/2019-03-02_lif_48342588_I8.JPG
Some people now consider Paul Henry's vision - he believed he was capturing "the very soul of Ireland" - an over-romantic cliché, which ignored the hardships, poverty and struggles with nature's harsh conditions along the western coast. But his autobiography shows that he was fully aware of these hardships, and wrote compassionately, especially, about the lives of women in Achill, who had "no time for anything but work": soaked to the skin collecting seaweed all day, then cooking, washing, weeding potatoes. Yet "they never complained... laughing as they worked". They had a "cheerful acceptance of life", even when "bent, haggard, worn out with work and childbearing".
Paul Henry might have been a full-time portraitist (he did some portraits, including a study of WT Cosgrave). He studied under Whistler in Paris, and when he got to Achill in 1910 he hoped to paint the people's faces. But they were too shy, and ran away from him. They also had the belief, at that time, that "the sketcher" who reproduced your image might take away something of your personality. And so, he turned to landscape, which he loved, in any case. (He had also been influenced by the rustic French painter Jean-François Millet, whose painting of peasants halting to pray in The Angelus hung on many an Irish country wall.)
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He was one of four sons of a Belfast Baptist minister and his wife, also the daughter of a clergyman. Paul was raised in strict religious circumstances which he came to loathe. They were never allowed to mingle with girls, and when his mother caught him exchanging smiles with a young girl, at church, she sat him down and gave him a thorough tirade. "Do you want to ruin your young life for the pleasure of a moment?" she asked. She hated any form of "looseness", but her strictures sent him fleeing to Paris, in search of liberty, and the study of art at the renowned Julian school in the Rue du Dragon.
Paul did well in his art studies, and loved the work, but he was desperately poor. One day he encountered a fellow who scratched a pittance picking up cigarette butts in the boulevards: the down-and-out was a failed artist, of whom there were hundreds. This drove Paul to London to try his luck in a more commercial medium - sketching for the popular press - and though he had many rejections at first, he began to make a modest living.
He also married Grace Mitchell, his first wife - also a painter - although he never mentions her in his autobiographical writings, possibly because the marriage subsequently fell apart.
Then his friend, and fellow Ulsterman, the essayist Robert Lynd, told him all about the beauty and magic of Ireland's west coast. And so Paul Henry took himself to Westport and on to Achill, where he was completely smitten by the stunning contours of the coastal landscape. "Achill spoke to me," he wrote.
He had difficulty finding lodgings, and he still struggled to make a living, but "the intensity of emotion I got from a purely Irish landscape" captured him, and also sometimes disturbed him. "The chord of the inner music sounded a more resonant note in the West of Ireland than in any other part of the country."
Closely, he observed the lives of fishermen: and they were all men, at that time. Women were considered "unlucky" in fishing boats, and would sometimes even avert their eyes from a fisherman putting out to sea.
He painted and painted - Leenane, Killary Harbour and Bay, all around Connemara and Lough Corrib, all around Belmullet and Blacksod Bay, and later at Dingle and Kinsale, too. He didn't get his first exhibition until 1922, when he was 46 - ironically, in Belfast, which he had quit in a mood of such fury.
Paul Henry certainly did the Irish state some service in depicting the tranquil serenity of the Irish countryside in his railway posters for the London, Midland and Scottish railways. These images re-established Ireland as a haven of quiet beauty - after the disturbances and indeed destruction following insurrection, the Black and Tans, and then civil war. A painter of brutal realism might have presented a much darker country, but Henry sincerely saw enchantment.
Sadly, he went blind in later life, and turned to writing and stories. He settled in Bray with Mabel Young - who worked at the Shelbourne Hotel, and became his second wife, though only after Grace died. His paintings regularly come up for auction and often fetch prices of up to €400,000.
Most of all, Henry left his imprint on an image of Ireland: maybe an idealised one, but an imperishably recognisable one. The fantastic success of the coastal Wild Atlantic Way is in no small measure a legacy of the Paul Henry vision.
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The Bluff Barn is a large barn located in Cliff Farm, the first world of Banjo-Kazooie: Grunty's Revenge.
While the barn itself does not feature much besides a Gruntling, two locations are featured from within. One of them is The Rafters, which Banjo can only enter via his mouse transformation through a small hole. Banjo teleports to Klungo's Lab from this location, where his first fight with Klungo takes place at.
An Empty Honeycomb Piece is also located on one of the barn's silos.
The Rafters is a small area that can only be entered from a mousehole, requiring Banjo to be in his mouse transformation. In the location is a wooden floor with three Musical Notes. A Jinjo is behind a fence at the top-left, and Mouse Banjo can obtain it by walking through the small opening.
To access Klungo's Lab, Banjo must use his Roll Attack to activate a Witchy Warp. Inside the lab, Banjo finds Klungo creating Gruntweeds and Whiplashes for Gruntilda, and is working on his latest "bear removal" formula. Klungo then notices that Banjo discovered his secret room and a boss fight ensues.
During the battle, Klungo throws potions at Banjo while guarding himself with a magical shield. The shield disappears intermittently, which is when Banjo must attack him with a Roll Attack or Pack Whack. After taking three hits, Klungo gives up and retreats. He also leaves a Jiggy behind on the Witchy Warp.


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Sheriff's Office begins safety inspections around county
Published 10:26 am Thursday, December 15, 2016
According to Crenshaw County Sheriff Mickey Powell, many establishments in Crenshaw County that have their liqor license are not up to code on fire safety and crowd control.
In recent County Commission meetings, it was brought to the attention of the commissioners that complaints had come in regarding the Waterin' Hole bar, located on HWY 331 between Highland Home and Luverne. These complaints, however, have not just been a recent issue.
According to Crenshaw County Sheriff Mickey Powell, the establishment has been open for over 20 years and has undergone multiple ownerships. In the time it has been open, Powell has had many calls to the establishment.
"As long as I've been in law enforcement, that place has always been an issue. There have been people cut, shot and stabbed there," he said.
"About six months or so ago, we had a call of a fight and shots fired there. To this day, we're still getting complaints about it."
Based on the recommendation of Powell, the Commission decided it was in the best interest and safety of the citizens to pull the business license from the Waterin' Hole.
"The recommendation of the Sheriff was that the facility itself and the way it was being managed was posing a threat to our citizens," said County Commission Chairman Charlie Sankey, Jr.
"At his recommendation, being that he had had multiple calls there, we pulled their business license. Therefore, by the Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) Board's criteria, you can't have a liquor license without a business license."
Powell noted that these measures have not just been taken on the Waterin' Hole, but have also been implemented at other establishments in the county that hold a liquor license.
"There are some things in the works from the Sheriff to make sure that all of these places that are operating as night clubs in our county are up to fire code specifications," Sankey said.
"I think they are doing that now. That's law enforcement, and that's what we expect them to do is to keep us safe." Over the next few months, Powell and his office will continue to inspect establishments around the county to ensure the buildings and licenses are updated and up to code.
"We're checking all the places that holds beverage licenses in Crenshaw County. We're going around and checking these places to make sure the buildings actually meet the safety codes," Powell said.
"If there's anything wrong with the buildings, we're telling them what they have to fix to meet the safety and fire codes. We want the people that go there to know that if they do go there and something happens, they can get out safely."


A recent report from the Alzheimer's Association states that one in ten Americans age 65 or older currently have Alzheimer's. With the baby boomer generation aging and people living longer, that number may nearly triple by 2050. Alzheimer's, of course, is just one cause of dementia—mini-strokes (TIAs) are also to blame—so the number of those with dementia may actually be higher. A 2011 study by the Alzheimer's Disease International and the World Health Organization found that 50% of people over 80 years old have some form of dementia.
In this three-part blog, we will explore these issues and steps families can take to alleviate some of these burdens.
As the disease progresses, so does the level of care the person requires—and so do the costs of that care. Options for care can range from $40,000 to $140,000 and more. Levels of care include in-home care, adult daycare, assisted living facilities and nursing homes.
However, for the most part, families are not prepared to pay these extraordinary costs, especially if they go on for years. As a result, family members are often required to provide the care for as long as possible. To learn more about how to protect your home, spouse and life savings from the increasing cost of nuring home care, register today for a free educational workshop.
Click on the button below to get our FREE report "The Plain Truth About Alzheimer's Disease" which includes the 9 Steps You Need to Take Right Now to Care for Your Loved One and to Protect Your Family's Finances.
Alzheimer's: Just hearing the word strikes fear into anyone over 50.
The statistics are chilling. Already, more than five million Americans have Alzheimer's. And by the time the last Baby Boomer passes away, that figure will be over ten million.
Prior to the past few decades, it was simply called dementia. It wasn't until recent years that Alzheimer's became classified as a disease in itself...and as just one of a number of forms of dementia.
Most of us tend to think of memory loss as the chief distinguishing characteristic of Alzheimer's. And, realistically, it probably is. But it's often not the first way in which Alzheimer's manifests itself. In fact, there are a number of signs - prior to any noticeable memory loss - which could indicate the onset of this disease.
Unfortunately, most of us (and, often, even doctors) miss these early signs - because we're too focused on memory loss as the most significant indicator.
In 2011, research in Spain indicated that more than a third of adults who go on to develop early-onset Alzheimer's (before age 65) display a number of other symptoms, before memory loss becomes obvious. Interestingly, they're also the same symptoms that often appear first in patients who develop the disease after 65.
In Part 2, we'll give you the list of early symptoms which could possibly indicate the onset of Alzheimer's.
With all this talk about Alzheimer's and dementia, it's wise to remember that estate planning isn't something you do after you become sick. It's something to do before you ever get sick!
We can help. We've been planning Massachusetts families' estates for the past 25 years.
We can help your family, too. We're just a phone call away.
Massachusetts Alzheimer's Lawyer | How Beneficial is a Dementia Care Unit for Someone with Alzheimer's?
How Beneficial is a Dementia Care Unit for Someone with Alzheimer's?
As an Elder Law attorney, I get asked this question a lot. And I tell my clients that it can be very beneficial...if the unit is designed and staffed appropriately.
The goal of such a unit, of course, is to provide specialized care. Personnel should have specialized training for dementia. The unit itself should have smaller spaces, so patients don't feel overwhelmed. It should be a quieter environment, to prevent over-stimulation. It should be locked securely, as many Alzheimer's patients move around or pace.
I tell my clients to pay attention to the design of the unit at which they're looking. Good dementia units are designed to provide more specialized care and less stimulation. In fact, many no longer have intercoms or p.a. systems.
A dementia unit should also have its own Activities Director, who designs specialized programs. Staff are often trained in how to help the seniors participate and enjoy themselves more.
Your state's Department on Aging might provide you with a list of facilities in your area, or else point you toward the proper agency.
Meet the staff - and observe their interaction with the patients.
Ask to see their most recent state survey.
If the survey indicates deficiencies., what were they?
After speaking with the friend who accompanied you, make a list of pros and cons. AND LISTEN TO YOUR GUT!!
If you have a loved one with dementia, you'll be asking yourself new questions every day.
Small wonder that seniors are the biggest targets of frauds and scams.
They were born and grew up in a different world. Because of that - and because, by nature, seniors tend to be more trusting - every senior today has a red target on his/her back.
Many seniors receive e-mails stating they've won a prize, often in a contest they haven't even entered. Others receive notice of free goods or services. To these types of e-mails, the experts all say the same thing. DON'T CLICK ON THE LINK!! If you didn't enter the contest, you didn't win anything. And if it sounds too good to be true - it is!
Another frequent tactic is to "notify" seniors that they're eligible for free Medicare services. The only thing "free" about this is the opportunity for scammers to get their hands on your personal information, so they can bill the government for services they never provided.
Unfortunately, many seniors are embarrassed to report they've been the victim of a scam.
One of my clients was recently targeted by one of the newly-popular schemes. She received a call from her "grandson," saying he was stranded in England and needed her to wire money. However, this client had paid attention to what I had told her about scammers. And when she asked for her "grandson's" last name...he hung up quickly.
At restaurants, pay with cash whenever possible. Giving credit cards to a server is never a good idea. And you should never use a debit card at a restaurant, either, because an unscrupulous employee can end up emptying your bank account.
My Dad's In a Nursing Home...And Constantly Losing His Glasses, Wallet, And Dentures. What Can We Do?
Well, the first thing I tell clients in this situation is to remember why he's there in the first place - he may have memory problems.
Then, I advise them to speak with the director of his unit, and find out why this keeps happening. Then you have to determine whether the item is worth replacing. Obviously, glasses and dentures need to be replaced. But other items may not need to be.
Wallets, for example, may be more of a comfort/reassurance item to him than anything else. And, if that's the case, you don't have to replace each one with a fancy wallet; an inexpensive one may do. In fact, it may pay to keep a few on hand.
Replacing lost or broken items can be expensive. But there are still ways you can save. For example, you can compromise on the frame of his glasses. Or, if he just uses them for reading, perhaps an inexpensive pair of reading glasses - available at any drug store - would suffice.
Even with dentures - which are obviously a necessity - it may be possible to save some money. If they're broken, consider fixing them rather than replacing them. And if they're lost, chances are, they'll be lost again. It's conceivable that they just don't fit right...and your loved one may be removing them. If that's the case, a dentist may suggest alternative measures...including re-fitting the dentures to; make them more comfortable.
If your loved one's in a nursing home, you probably have a million questions - every day. But we can help.
Massachusetts Elder Law Attorney | Does MassHealth's Penalty Apply Only to Gifts?
Does MassHealth's Penalty Apply Only to Gifts?
When considering the MassHealth penalty elder law clients usually think only in terms of gifts. However, the penalty is triggered by much more than simply gifts. The penalty is triggered by a transfer for less than fair value that causes a penalty. Fair value is not measured subjectively, but rather objectively based on fair market value. When there is a transfer of assets out of the applicant's name, the applicant has the burden of establishing, by documentary evidence that the transfer should not be subject to a penalty. If it cannot be prove it – and, again, it is not sufficient to tell MassHealth what the money was spent for – then it is treated as a transfer for less than fair value. MassHealth requires documentation to prove the fair value.


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plxntkid
The small town of Verdal in Norway is not an obvious place to search for music's next big thing. Truthfully, it's not somewhere to go looking for much at all. "It's a very small place," shrugs 21-year-old Anders Aakerhus –otherwise known to you, me, and, soon enough, the world as plxntkid. "It's a town of maybe 15,000 people. There's a cinema, a couple of grocery stores. Trondheim, the nearest big city, is two and a half hours drive away.Oslo,where I now live,is eight hours away. You are very cut off in Verdal." Asked what there is for young people to do in a town so isolated, Anders replies simply, "Hang out with your friends and play X-Box." As for anything approaching a music scene? Well, there's a local community centre "where you can go and learn to play instruments", Anders explains, or there's the annual local festival sees revellers dress up in "early 1900s farm clothes and drive tractors through the streets" to the sound of country music.How, then, plxntkid has built a loyal following of fans, amassed some 5millionglobal streams and recently signed with legendary label Epitaph Records–all from his bedroom –is a story of both this most ordinary of places and Anders' extraordinary talents.That story begins with a mother's love of AC/DC. "I loved the energy of it," Anders smiles. His parents weren't musical themselves but, aged nine, on Christmas Day he unwrapped a guitar that had been sat waiting for him under the tree. Soon he was taking lessons and dabbling in bands. He bashfully laughs at the memory of being onstage at the age of 13 and valiantly plucking away at covers of Pink Floyd and Guns N' Roses, his eyes nervously fixed to the floor.If you were to ask Anders around this time where his foremost passion lay,he would likely have responded not with music, but Taekwondo; his prodigious martial-art talent seeing him regularly compete in –and win –regional and national tournaments.Yet it was also around the age of 16 that Anders' journey would take a sharp turn, when the engaging but shy young man was diagnosed with OCD and anxiety. "Part of my OCD is about germs," he explains, "which meant I couldn't handle being around people as they were sweating, and that kind of stuff, so I chose not to continue with the Taekwondo."In its place came music. By now, Anders had discovered punk rock, and the sounds of Sum 41, blink-182 and Green Day, along with the emo, post-hardcore and metalcore sounds of bands such as Pierce The Veil and Bring Me The Horizon. "It was all so different from what I had heard," he explains.None of his friends, however, shared in the music he was discovering, or the seriousness with which he was now taking it. "That's when I discovered the Soundcloud community," he explains. "I had always grown up around computers, as my dad is a huge computer nerd, so I got some money and I bought myself some speakers, a microphone and some music software." Crucially, the community offered the socially-awkward Anders a necessary anonymity. He hid his music from those nearest to him (even going so far as to tell his mum he was simply singing along to music when she inquired as to the noise coming out of his bedroom),instead turning to new online friendships and YouTube to learn his craft. "I was embarrassed at the time, and I didn't want anyone to know I was making music.But the SoundCloud community is very supportive. I could make my music under a [pseudonym] name; I would send other members my music or ask them how to do something if I didn't know. It's a great community."
At first, Anders' low-fi beats were purely instrumental; after a year or two of experimenting with sounds, he found the desire to introduce vocals. "I simply wrote what I was feeling at the time," he says. "Because I wasn't really writing as <me>, it gave me somewhere to talk about anxiety,frustration, or girls. I just wrote what was in my head."Doing so was about more than simply penning lyrics, too. "I used to go to therapists to discuss my anxiety, but after years of trying different therapies and techniques, I didn't find anything that worked," he reveals."A big part of coping is my music; I think it's unlikely that I would be making music if I didn't have these problems. Writing lyrics about what is going on in my head was the best therapy for me."The music of plxntkid today bears all the hallmarks of Anders' earliest experimentations –the accessibility, vulnerability and relatability that first attracted attention from a burgeoning online fan base to songs about "love, depression and loneliness". That connection was immediate, unique, and sincere. "A big part of why I still continue to make music is because it is not just for me anymore," Anders says. "I regularly have people message me saying that my song is helping them through a rough time, and that is one of my biggest motivators for making music. I think a very large amount of people struggle with depression, anxiety, or trauma."Yet these new tracks –take, for instance, the forthcoming Crucifix or Rose Quartz, which introduce plxntkid's impending debut EP –also brim with a newfound edge and energy that takes the root of plxntkid's "sad pop" sound and imbues it with the spirit of the alternative rock that has been Anders' life soundtrack. He describes signing with Epitaph Records as "unreal", the label's name topping a wish list of potential partners that he made one day with his manager, thanks both to its historical rooting in punk but also its modern-day elevation of plxntkid's peers like guccihighwaters and Lil Lotus. As Anders himself puts it: "I'm signed to a punk label, so why not make the music that I've always wanted to make?"The result defies simple genre boundaries. But it always starts with a riff. "When we're in the studio we always begin with the guitars to find a cool riff or chord-progression, because in my opinion that is the most important part of the production," Anders says. Live instrumentation, from drums to bass, increasingly permeates the plxntkid sound. Both Crucifix–built around a guitar lead reminiscent of 2000s pop-punk–and Rose Quartz –which lyrically references Kurt Cobain and sonically touches upon a "screamo-like distortion" –boast earworm-immediacy while also hinting at a tantalising future forplxntkid's developing palette and burgeoning confidence.Where plxntkid grows from here, even he is unsure. It's what marks him as a star to be watched with the keenest of eyes. Anders Aakerhus is a long way from Verdal now, and he's never looking back.
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Daniella Midenge is a completely self-taught photographer and seeker of contrasts residing in Los Angeles, having spent a number of years in Berlin.
Escaping the Nordic forests of Sweden where she grew up, she worked in oil painting restoration in Stockholm before engaging in a career as a hair and makeup artist—always having had an intense passion for colors, faces, shapes, graphics, people, drawing, painting and visual expression.
Her deep involvement in the concepts and art direction of the photo shoots increased Daniella's strong interest in images to the point where she decided to take the camera into her own hands. Daniella landed her first magazine cover for Marie Claire, shot in New York, starring top models Candice Swanepoel and Behati Prinsloo. Soon, she was able to add other illustrious magazines to her portfolio, including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, ELLE and L'Officiel. Her client list also includes; The Edit, Swarovski, Dior, H&M to name a few.
Prints are made to order by the photographer. Please allow 2-4 weeks shipping on this item.


Meet Neville Gardner. Neville is a long-standing friend of Active Feet and Spartan legend. He has completed all 41 Melbourne Marathons, soon to clock up 42 as he trains to do it all over again at the 2018 October event!
We caught up with Neville to find out his top tips for running a marathon.
Get a medical check. Before commencing your marathon campaign, see your doctor to get the all clear.
Gear up. Make sure you have at least 3 x sets of running attire and 2 x two pairs of good quality running shoes. Get fitted in the right shoes at the outset to ensure you get the right support and cushioning. One of the most overlooked necessities is good quality socks. A technical run sock can offer foot comfort and preventing skin injury, whereas cotton socks can get wet and sweaty then when they dry turn into a sandpaper-like surface. Talcum powder can further help with foot moisture management. Prevent sweat dripping into your eyes by using an anti-chafe balm over your eyebrows and in any friction areas to avoid irritation.
Register early. Sign upfor the Marathon event early so you are committed. Check your registration pack to use all the support information and offers the event provides. The Melbourne Marathon registration entitles you to a $50 off voucher at Active Feet, which I used to get my New Balance 1080 for the 2018 event.
Plan your training. Prepare a 14-week training program that focuses on building your endurance and the strategies need to complete the event. Your planning needs to include training, speed phrases, rest days, nutrition testing, water station practice and equipment.
Prepare your gear. Get your running attire ready, shoes out and training sports bag packed the night before a training run so you are ready to go. This helps with motivation and keeps you on track.
Eat right. Plan your diet to include plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables balanced with protein and carbohydrates. Remember to hydrate using a combination of water and sports drinks.
Buddy up. Train with a running partner. Try to run at a pace so you can talk comfortably while running. Some GPS have virtual partners. A running group can help keep you motivated and set your pace in training and on the day.
Step up gradually. Increase yourweekly kilometres by no more than 5-10% over the total of the previous week's distance. During the first three weeks of training, jog/walk up to 15-20kms each week. Gradually increase your weekly kilometres to 45-60kms for the next 9 weeks.
Run in nature. Introduce some long runs in nature to your training in the 8-10thweek of your program. Try the secret running tracks in Sherbrooke Forest and Ferny Creek in the Dandenong Ranges to acquire the leg and mental stretch.
Listen to your body. Don't be afraid to have a rest day. Try to go on a short walk, cross train by cycling, swim in a heated pool or book in for a leg massage. Don't wait until you feel thirsty or hungry, as your body is already in deficit. Stage your nutrition intake.
Practice your water station technique. Set up apractice water station using a card table and small plastic cups filled with water or sports drink. Position yourself carefully 200m out and avoid spills on your body and shoes. Slow down.
Set the clock. Practice early runs at the same time as the race starts to set your body clock.Time yourself on a one hour tempo time trial at an athletic track to establish what kilometre pace you can run. Your marathon time will only start once you pass through the start line, so don't panic when you see the time has commenced and you are amongst the crowd waiting to start. Pace yourself. Don't worry if it feels slow to start with. Make sure you run at a sustainable pace.
Know the drill. Check the race day details. Note the start time, start location, course, drink stations, medical stations, toilet locations, transport and parking, arrangements on race day and label your clothing bag. Make sure your race number has arrived if you have entered online.
Keep calm and enjoy the experience. Relax and enjoy the day. You have done the hard work and now it is time to be rewarded. Eat a light breakfast. Allow plenty of time for parking, transport, walking to the event and visiting the expo. Start running slowly. Keep your head up and run the shortest line.
Take breaks. Do not be afraid to walk, drink, eat and stretch. Small recoveries can help on the day and to your overall recovery. Completion and enjoyment should be a major goal of the event, so remember to be kind with your body and keep a positive mind.
Reward yourself. Very important to look after yourself post run. Hydrate gradually (no alcohol) and refuel on carbohydrates. Plan your celebration strategy. Do not run or jog for at least 3-4 days after the marathon. You can walk each day and have spa baths to soothe your aching muscles.
Neville hasn't let anything stop him, not even an Achilles operation, hip replacement and a foot infection in 2016 that almost prevented him from starting/finishing the marathon. We are proud to have been part of his marathon journey and have fitted him in the New Balance 1080 for the 2018 Melbourne Marathon. We understand the injury history of our customers, their individual biomechanics and use this help them into the right shoe to support them and their goals.
Come in to one of our four Active Feet stores today for your free gait analysis and expert fitting.
We've carefully created the ultimate training pack featuring essential, Active Feet approved products to assist you on your journey to the 2018 Medibank Melbourne Marathon finish line.


With over 23 years experience in this market, JTR has a long list of satisfied clients and homeowners who know how serious we are about meeting your needs.
With every project we make sure you fully understand the scope and schedule and costs before we shake hands and get down to business. None of us want any surprises and we all want a successful project at the end. You can count on JTR to make that happen.
We use the latest in high-tech materials and design to insure your finished project is beautiful but also safe and long-lasting.
We are experienced to handle about any project; but small enough to watch ALL the details and work closely with you to meet your needs.


The gunners will today play against Manchester United so here are three players that we believe that Unai Emery must include in the starting eleven that starts this game.
Arsenal will today host Manchester United at the Emirates Stadium and it honestly will be a must win game for Unai Emery because this competition and the UEFA Europa League are his only chances of getting silverware in his first season at the North London club.
Manchester United are currently a tough side and they are on a winning streak of seven matches but for Unai Emery to get a win against them, he will need to select a good starting eleven so let's take a look at three players that Unai Emery must not bench in Arsenal's match against the Red Devils.
Lucas Torreira has been outstanding this season and it's fair to say that he is Arsenal's best Summer signing because he has proved that the North Londoners have for long been in the need of a good defensive midfielder like him. Arsenal's encounter with Manchester United is in the FA Cup so some Arsenal fans are afraid that Unai Emery might decide to use a simple squad hence benching top guns like Lucas Torreira yet he will be hugely needed in today's match.
Lucas Torreira will be needed in Arsenal's match against Manchester United because they will be hoping to stop players like Paul Pogba who like making runs into the penalty box so the Uruguayan international will need to silence them.
Mesut Ozil was unused substitute in Arsenal's win vs Chelsea but since the gunners are expected to have most of the possession, then Unai Emery will need to include the German international in the starting eleven since they will need someone to provide that killer passes that will get them goals.
This will also be a perfect time for Mesut Ozil to prove to Unai Emery that he can perform well in big matches because critics say that he goes missing when Arsenal is facing a top six club.
Alexandre Lacazette might have not been scoring as many goals as Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang but he is a team player that does have a good number of assists on his name, and we got to see what he can do in Arsenal's game against Chelsea last weekend.
The gunners will definitely need him from the start in the Manchester United match because his goal against Chelsea proved that he should be starting most matches especially the big matches.