If we are looking for someone to blame, not for the fire itself, but for it's intensity and destructive power, the place to begin is with environmentalists who are fierce opponents of logging and aim to return all the earth to its native condition, with no trace of a human imprint.
This goal of environmentalists – to remove all traces of human impact from nature – is not only misguided and dangerous, it is unbiblical.
According to environmental regressives, man is a noxious parasite in nature. According to the Bible, however, man is God's vice-regent with delegated authority to manage nature for man's benefit. "The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it" (Genesis 2:15 (emphasis mine throughout).
The Hebrew word translated "work" (abad) can also mean to "serve," which is another way of saying that man is directed not to destroy nature but to steward it and nurture it. He's also responsible to "keep" it, a Hebrew word (shamar) which means to "guard, to protect, to hedge about."
The primary cause of immense, destructive forest fires is the absence of human stewardship. As H. Sterling Burnett put it in the New York Times, "While wildfires, per se, are entirely natural, the size, intensity and harm caused annually by the past decade's forest fires are almost entirely of human origin: federal mismanagement of our national forests are to blame."
Timber harvests have dramatically and dangerously plunged 75%, from 12 billion board feet a year to less than 4 billion board feet a year. Not only is this foolish and mindless trend bad for human beings, since it drives up the cost of every home in America and endangers the lives of those who live near of national forests, it's not even good for the forests themselves.
There are simply too many trees and too much brush. The brush provides a potentially catastrophic fuel load on the forest floor, and the prevention of harvesting causes trees to grow too close together and turns them from majestic specimens of God's handiwork into little more than kindling. Huge ponderosa pines thrive in stands of 20 to 55 trees per acre. But when they are jammed together in densities of 300 to 900 trees per acre, they burn like Roman candles when kindled, and can produce temperatures of over 2000 degrees, hot enough to melt aluminum, silver, and gold.
Just twenty years ago, a wildfire exceeding 100,000 acres was thought to be catastrophic. Now such wildfires are "the rule rather than the exception." As I write these words, the fire in Northern California has consumed more than 140,000 acres and shows no signs of slowing.
Writing about wildfires in Oregon toward the end of the summer, he notes that "all of the major fires...are on federal Wildernesses, National Forests, O&C Lands (Oregon and California Railroad Revested Lands), and the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area." At the same time, despite the fact that they are grow in exactly the same climate, "no major fires are burning on private or state lands."
Said Zybach, "From 1951 until 1987 there was only one major forest fire in excess of 10,000 acres in western Oregon. Right now (September 2016) there are at least nine such fires."
These fires are both a human tragedy and an environmental catastrophe. The Washington Post this morning contained a story of a 27-year-old spina bifida victim, Christina Hanson, who was confined to a wheelchair and didn't make it. Her story will be multiplied by the dozens as as first responders comb the debris.
The infernos exterminate wildlife habitats, roast eagle and spotted owl fledglings alive in their nests, immolate wildlife that can't run fast enough, leave surviving animals to starve for lack of food, and incinerate organic matter and nearly every living creature in the thin soils. They turn trout streams into fish boils, minus the veggies and seasonings. Future downpours and rapid snowmelts bring widespread soil erosion into streambeds. Many areas will not grow trees or recover their biodiversity for decades.


In the decisive battle between human and demons hundreds of years ago, Ultimate Pluto, the leader of the demons, was beaten by the forces of humanity.
However, he escaped and swore an oath to eternally seek vengeance upon those who had disrupted his plans.
Now, the Solar Saint is aware that Ultimate Pluto has come back. The demon currently resides in Dis City, a black mark upon the earth.
Talk to the Solar Saint in Ape City, and choose a difficult level to join the battle in the Dis City.
You need to find specific ways to break through the Hell Gate, Hell Hall, Hell Cloister, and the Battle Formation.
Collect 5 Soul Stones by killing the monsters outside the city, so you can pass through the Hell Gate and enter the Hell Hall.
Note: Only 60 players can advance to the second stage!
Collect Slayer Points by killing the demons in the Hell Hall, and you can move forward to the Hell Cloister.
Slayer Points requirements differ per class. Trojan (800), Warrior (900), Archer (1300), Fire Taoist (1000) and Water Taoist (600).
Note: Only 30 players can advance to the third stage (15 players per flank)!
Kill all the Hell Wraith guarding the 9 Hell Crystals in proper order, so you can advance towards the Battle Formation.
Once you reached the final stage, you and all the other players must go and kill Syrens, which are very powerful monsters. After all the Syrens are killed, Ultimate Pluto will emerge. Defeat the final boss to claim the ultimate victory!
Note: This is a PK Free Map!


Loose hinge screws can be tightened by filling the hole with wooden toothpicks dipped in glue and trimmed flush.
Doors, like windows, stick for a number of reasons -- from poor construction to extreme humidity. In most cases, it's easy to unstick a stubborn door. To diagnose the problem, close the door, watching it carefully to locate the binding point.
If there's a gap between the door and the frame opposite the binding edge, the hinges probably need adjustment. If you can't see a gap anywhere between the door and the frame and you had to slam the door to close it, the wood has probably swollen from extreme humidity. If the hinges and the wood are both in good shape, the door frame itself may be out of alignment; check the frame with a carpenters' square. Once you know the problem, you are ready to find the best home improvement solution listed below.
To fix a door with poorly adjusted hinges, examine the hinges for loose screws, both on the door and on the frame. Securely tighten any loose screws. If a screw doesn't tighten, the screw hole has become enlarged. When the hole is only slightly enlarged, you may be able to correct the problem by replacing the screw with a longer one, but make sure the head is the same size.
Another option is to use a hollow fiber plug with the old screw. To do this, spread carpenters' glue on the outside of the plug, and insert the fiber plug into the enlarged screw hole. Then drive the screw into the hole. If the screw hole is badly enlarged, you can use wood toothpicks to fill it in. Loose hinge screws can also be tightened by filling the hole with wooden toothpicks dipped in glue and trimmed flush. Dip the toothpicks into carpenters' glue and insert them around the screw hole. Let the glue dry, then trim the toothpicks flush with the surface. When you drive the screw into the filled-in hole, it should hold securely.
If the screws are not loose, the hinges may have to be readjusted on the door frame. Close the door, watching to see where it sticks and where it gaps. If the door is tilted in the frame, it will stick at the top on one side and at the bottom on the other, and there will be a gap between the door and the frame opposite each binding point. If the door hinges need shimming, open the door as far as it will go. Push a wedge under it to hold it firmly.
At the hinge to be adjusted, loosen the screws from the hinge leaf on the door frame, but don't touch the screws in the door itself. Cut a piece of thin cardboard to the same size as the hinge leaf, and mark the location of the hinge screws on it. Cut horizontal slots in the shim to fit over the screws; slide the shim over the screws behind the loosened hinge leaf. Keeping the shim in place, tighten the screws to resecure the hinge. Remove the wedge holding the door and close the door. If the door still sticks, but not as much as it did before, add another shim under the hinge.
If the door sticks even after shimming, or if there is no gap anywhere around the frame, you'll have to remove some wood at the binding points. Use a block plane on the top or bottom of the door or a jack plane to work on the side. If the door sticks at the sides, try to plane only on the hinge side; the latch side is beveled slightly, and planing could damage the bevel. Use the plane carefully, removing only a little wood at a time. Keep your cuts even across the entire binding edge.
If the door sticks because the frame is out of alignment, there's not much you can do to fix it. At the binding point, set a piece of 2x4 flat against the frame, and give it several firm hammer blows. This may move the frame just enough to solve the problem. If this doesn't work, you'll have to adjust the hinges or plane the edges to allow for the unevenness of the frame. The door may end up slightly crooked, but it won't stick.


text:
Shoppers prepare for Thanksgiving Day feast during supply chain crisis
MEMPHIS, Tenn. (WMC) - Shoppers are on a mission to create the ideal Thanksgiving meal.
Each customer hopes to avoid having to go to more than one store for their items.
Mark Gatlin, vice president of store operations at Cash Saver, says they've been working hard to meet demand.
"For the most part, we've got just about everything everybody needs," he said.
Gatlin says current supply chain issues, from manufacturers to trucking companies, haven't made it easy to get a variety of Thanksgiving staples on shelves.
"The whole supply chain, anywhere you look at it, all the way down the line, has issues," said Gatlin.
He says you'll likely find a Turkey and cranberry sauce, but it may not be your go-to brand.
"Where we've normally got four or five different items, we only have one or two," Gatlin said.
Luckily, Anne Merriweather began her shopping days ago.
"I've been able to find everything. Every morning I'm here at 7 o'clock when they open. I'm ready for tomorrow because I did some cooking," Merriweather said.
Preparedness will need to be a theme this holiday season.
Looking ahead to Christmas, NBC News reports some of the biggest items impacted by the supply chain crisis include beer, wine and liquor, toys, and video game consoles.
"There's so many factors in it, from the labor part, the transportation part, the production part, and I don't think it's anything that's going to fix itself anytime soon," Gatlin said.
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Click here to report a spelling or grammar error. Please include the headline.
Man arrested in shooting of off-duty Memphis police lieutenant
Germantown Municipal School District votes to drop mask mandate

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Early puberty in 11-year-old girls: Millennium Cohort Study findings
Yvonne Kelly1,
Afshin Zilanawala1,
Amanda Sacker1,
Robert Hiatt2,
Russell Viner3
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
3Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
Correspondence to Professor Yvonne Kelly, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK, y.kelly{at}ucl.ac.uk
Objective Early puberty in girls is linked to some adverse outcomes in adolescence and mid-life. We address two research questions: (1) Are socioeconomic circumstances and ethnicity associated with early onset puberty? (2) Are adiposity and/or psychosocial stress associated with observed associations?
Design Longitudinal data on 5839 girls from the UK Millennium Cohort Study were used to estimate associations between ethnicity, family income, adiposity and psychosocial stress with a marker of puberty.
Main outcome measure Reported menstruation at age 11 years.
Results All quoted ORs are statistically significant. Girls in the poorest income quintile were twice as likely (OR=2.1), and the second poorest quintile nearly twice as likely (OR=1.9) to have begun menstruation compared with girls in the richest income quintile. Estimates were roughly halved on adjustment for Body Mass Index and markers of psychosocial stress (poorest, OR=1.5; second poorest, OR=1.5). Indian girls were over 3 times as likely compared with whites to have started menstruation (OR=3.5) and statistical adjustments did not attenuate estimates. The raised odds of menstruation for Pakistani (OR=1.9), Bangladeshi (OR=3.3) and black African (OR=3.0) girls were attenuated to varying extents, from about a third to a half, on adjustment for income and adiposity.
Conclusions In contemporary UK, excess adiposity and psychosocial stress were associated with social inequalities in early puberty, while material disadvantage and adiposity were linked to ethnic inequalities in early puberty among girls.
socioeconomic
menarche
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
What is already known on this topic?
Early onset puberty is linked to some aspects of poor well-being and health throughout the life course.
Prior studies, mostly from the USA, have examined potential underlying causes of early puberty but these are not well understood.
What this study adds?
In contemporary UK, girls from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and some ethnic minority groups are most likely to have early onset puberty.
Excess adiposity and psychosocial stress among girls from low income backgrounds was associated with early onset puberty.
Material disadvantage and adiposity were associated, to varying degrees, with early puberty in girls from Pakistani, Bangladeshi and black African backgrounds.
Early onset puberty in girls is linked to certain adverse outcomes during different stages of the life course, as it is associated with the increased risk of early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy,1 poor mental health in adolescence2 ,3 and mid-life cardiovascular disease,4 and breast cancer,5 but is associated with better bone health in early old age.6 The age of puberty onset decreased dramatically over the 20th century in high income countries with similar secular trends still evident in low and middle income countries.7 ,8 It remains controversial whether there are ongoing secular trends in the timing of puberty in high income country settings.8 Prior studies, mostly from the USA, have described socioeconomic and ethnic/racial patterning of the onset of puberty.9–14 Given the different historical and geographical patterns of migration to the UK and USA we might not necessarily expect to see ethnic differences in early puberty in the UK. However, until now, work from the UK has not been able to examine ethnic differences across a representative range of ethnic minority groups, either because study samples lack diversity15 ,16 or they focus on a single minority group.16 ,17
Reported influences on the timing of puberty in girls include prenatal and postnatal growth and adiposity,11 ,16 ,19–22 psychosocial stress,23 ,24 environmental pollutants,25 migration26 and genetic factors.27 We know that socioeconomic circumstances and ethnicity are linked to increased adiposity28 ,29 and psychosocial stress.30–32 However, evidence from the small number of studies in different country settings on whether excess adiposity and psychosocial stress among socioeconomically disadvantaged and ethnic minority groups explains observed patterns of puberty onset is mixed.10 ,11 ,17
Comparison of study findings is sometimes hindered as studies use different markers of puberty. The accurate estimation of different stages of puberty, particularly in population surveys, is challenging. The most widely used indicators in girls are breast development and menstruation; the former difficult to distinguish unless by physical examination; the latter a unique event, regarded internationally, as the gold standard in clinical and population study settings.7 ,8 In the UK, according to the most recent reference data, the median age for menstruation is 12.9 years.33
To our knowledge, this paper is the first to look longitudinally at two potential mechanisms linking socioeconomic position and ethnicity to early onset puberty in a contemporary UK setting. In a large-scale population based study of 11-year-old girls we investigate two research questions: (1) Are socioeconomic circumstances and ethnicity associated with early onset puberty? (2) Are excess adiposity and/or psychosocial stress associated with observed associations?
The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) is a UK nationally representative prospective cohort study of children born into 19 244 families between September 2000 and January 2002.34 Participating families were selected from a random sample of electoral wards with a stratified sampling design to ensure adequate representation of all four UK countries, disadvantaged areas and ethnically diverse areas. The first sweep of data was collected when cohort members were around 9 months and the subsequent four sweeps of data were collected at ages 3 years, 5 years, 7 years and 11 years. At all data collection sweeps interviews were conducted and anthropometric measurements were taken during home visits. During interviews cohort members' carers were asked about socioeconomic circumstances and the family psychosocial milieu; and at the age 11 years sweep mothers were asked questions about the onset of puberty. Interview data were available for 69% of families when cohort members were aged 11 years. Permissions were granted for MCS by relevant ethical committees at each sweep of data collection.
Data on puberty were mother reported using an adapted question from the Petersen Pubertal Development Scale: 'Has she begun to menstruate (we mean started to have her period)?', responses were: no (n=5247), yes (n=592), don't know/don't wish to answer (n=89), with participants in the latter category omitted from analysis. There was some variation in the proportion of participants with 'don't know/don't wish to answer' responses, ranging from richest (0.7%) to poorest income quintile (2.7%) and was lowest in the white (0.8%) and highest in the Bangladeshi origin group (8.4%).
Socioeconomic background
Quintiles of equivalised family income at age 5 years were used as a marker of early life socioeconomic circumstances. This measure takes into account the size and composition of the household.34 ,35 The richest quintile was used as the reference category in analysis.
All children were born in the UK and we used mothers' reports of her child's particular ethnic origin (collected at age 9 months or 3 years, using UK census categories). For brevity ethnic origin categories are hitherto referred to as follows: white, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, black Caribbean (including mixed white and black Caribbean), black African (including mixed white and black African) and other (includes mixed ethnic groups and ethnic minority groups that could not be categorised into any of the otherwise defined groups). As the largest ethnic group, white was used as the reference category.
Explanatory factors
At age 7 years children were weighed without shoes or outdoor clothing using Tanita BF-522W scales (Tanita UK Middlesex, UK). Weight in kilograms to one decimal place and per cent body fat were recorded. Heights were obtained using the Leicester Height Measure Stadiometer (Seca, Birmingham, UK) and recorded to the nearest millimetre. These measures were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI, (lean mass+fat mass)/height2) and Fat Mass Index (FMI, fat mass/height2). BMI and FMI were used in statistical models as markers of adiposity. Birth weight (kg), reported by mothers when cohort members were 9 months of age, was included as a marker of fetal growth in models.
Markers of psychosocial stress, collected at age 7 years, were: mother's psychological distress (Kessler-6 Score),36 lone parent family (yes/no), child's socioemotional difficulties (total score using mother reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire)37 and frequency of racist attacks/insults in residential area (not common vs fairly or very common). Due to data availability this latter marker was from the age 5 years data collection.
Study sample
We analysed data on singleton-born cohort members for whom data on menstruation were available. The analytical sample was 5839 after multiply imputing missing values on explanatory factors. The amount of missing data ranged from 0% to 18%. We used multiple imputation techniques, which account for uncertainty about missing values by imputing several values for each missing data point.38 We imputed 25 data sets, consolidated results from all imputations using Rubin's combination rules39 and excluded cases with imputed values on menstruation from the analytical sample to improve the efficiency of estimates.40 Results from the imputed analyses did not vary substantively from the analyses using listwise deletion (analysis not shown).
We hypothesised that any income or ethnic patterning of puberty by age 11 years would be explained in part by adiposity and in part by psychosocial stress. In keeping with the hypothesised temporal sequence, we used family income at age 5 years to reflect early life socioeconomic circumstances, ethnicity collected from infancy, and to test potential mechanisms, markers of adiposity and psychosocial stress (where possible) were measured at age 7 years. Birth weight as a marker of prenatal growth which has been linked to early puberty onset19 was used as a control variable. Logistic regression modelling was used to estimate associations.
Model 0 is the baseline model and shows age (centred) adjusted estimates for income and ethnicity.
Model 1 simultaneously adjusts for age, income and ethnicity.
Model 2 is model 1 plus birth weight.
Model 3 is model 1 plus a marker of adiposity (BMI or FMI).
Model 4 is model 1 plus markers of psychosocial stress.
Model 5 is a combination of models 2–4, simultaneously adjusting for all variables.
We tested for effect modification by running models containing interaction terms for ethnicity by income but none of these interactions were statistically significant. All analysis was carried out using Stata V.13.1 (Stata). Analyses used sample weights to adjust for the unequal probability of being sampled and the stratified and clustered sample design.
The average age of girls was 11.2 years (SD=0.33) and 9.5% had begun menstruation. Menstruation was socially graded (14.1% of poorest quintile and 6.8% in richest, p<0.001). Indian, Bangladeshi and black African girls were most likely (24.2%, 21.6% and 20.1%, respectively) to have begun menstruation (table 1).
Proportions of girls menstruating (weighted %), by income and ethnicity
On average, girls who had begun menstruation were more adipose at age 7 years and were more likely to have been exposed to psychosocial stress earlier in childhood (table 2). BMI and FMI were higher for girls who had begun menstruation (BMI 17.6 kg/m2 vs 16.5 kg/m2; FMI 5.1 kg/m2 vs 4.2 kg/m2) compared with those who had not. Girls who had begun menstruation had mothers who had had higher psychological distress scores (3.6 vs 3.0), were more likely to be from a lone parent family (23.1% vs 17.2%) and had themselves higher socioemotional difficulties scores earlier in childhood (7.5 vs 6.4).
Adiposity and psychosocial stressors by menstruation (weighted means and %)
Table 3 shows regression estimates for the odds of menstruation across income and ethnic groups. Girls in the poorest income group were more than twice as likely (model 0: OR=2.14) and those in the second poorest group nearly twice as likely (model 0: OR=1.92) to have begun menstruation compared with girls in the richest income quintile. Estimates were attenuated on adjustment for BMI (model 3: poorest, OR=1.86; second poorest, OR=1.74), and on adjustment for markers of psychosocial stress (model 4: poorest, OR=1.60; second poorest, OR=1.64) but differences remained statistically significant in the fully adjusted model (model 5: poorest, OR=1.52; second poorest, OR=1.52).
ORs (95% CI) for menstruation by income and ethnicity (n=5839)
Adjusting for income (model 0 vs model 1) attenuated the raised odds of menstruation for Pakistani (1.97 vs 1.43), Bangladeshi (3.27 vs 2.45) and black African (3.00 vs 2.53) girls. Unlike the other ethnic minority groups adjustment for income did not reduce estimates for Indian girls due to their relative economic advantage (see online supplementary appendix 1). Adjustment for adiposity (model 3) further attenuated the estimated odds for Bangladeshi (2.36) and black African (1.88) girls, while adjusting for psychosocial factors (model 4) did little to change estimates. In fully adjusted models, differences remained statistically significant for Bangladeshi and black African girls (model 5: Bangladeshi, OR=2.15; black African, OR=1.87). Similar patterns of attenuation were observed when using FMI in models, but differences were no longer statistically different for the black African group (see online supplementary appendix table 2).
supplementary appendix table
[archdischild-2016-310475supp_tables.pdf]
In a large contemporary UK setting we found that 9.5% of girls aged 11 years had started menstruation as reported by their mothers. Girls from socioeconomically disadvantaged families and those from certain—Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and black African—but not all ethnic minority groups were most likely to have begun menstruating. We found that for girls in the poorest two quintiles of the income distribution inequalities were roughly halved on adjustment for markers of adiposity and psychosocial factors but differences remained unexplained in final models. Because of the relatively advantaged position of families in the Indian group, our models did not attenuate the increased odds of early menstruation for these girls. In contrast, material disadvantage appeared to reduce the odds of early menstruation by about a half for Pakistani girls, and a combination of material disadvantage and higher adiposity among girls in the Bangladeshi and black African groups reduced the odds by about a third.
Our findings are comparable with data from the 1990 UK reference values which showed that 11.8% of girls had begun menstruation prior to leaving primary school,32 and this is consistent with the overall picture of no further declines in the timing of puberty in high income country settings.7 ,8 There are important differences to note here though, as the Ten Towns study found no differences according to social position or ethnicity. However their marker of social position was crude and different from ours (manual vs non-manual occupational class), and they used aggregate ethnic minority groupings, 'black' and 'South Asian', which likely obscured important differences. Average age estimates for menstruation in low and middle income countries which may have some relevance for ethnic minority groups included in the current study are largely historical and limited in availability.40
Similar to our findings, socioeconomic gradients in puberty onset have been shown elsewhere,12 and two landmark studies suggested that disadvantaged early environments, characterised by some or all of poverty, family conflict, father absence and negative parenting were associated with early onset menstruation.22 ,23 Other reports suggest that stressful circumstances just prior to puberty might have the opposite effect, delaying onset,41 ,42 but findings from these reports are confounded by co-occurring nutritional stress which makes their interpretation difficult. Prior work has shown stark socioeconomic inequalities in psychosocial circumstances and risk of excess weight27 ,29 lending support to their hypothesised role in early onset puberty among girls. However, our analyses suggest that markers of psychosocial stress such as having a mother with psychological distress, being in a one parent family and themselves having socioemotional difficulties at age 7 years were not independently predictive of early onset menstruation. In keeping with prior reports,13–16 ,18–21 ,43 we showed independent influences for markers of growth, with higher birth weight reducing the odds perhaps because low birthweight infants are more likely to exhibit catch up growth consistent with the increased risk of early puberty, and higher adiposity increasing the odds of early menstruation. Several studies report ethnic/racial differences in the occurrence of early onset puberty9–13 but proposed explanations vary according to minority group and by country setting. For example in the UK, in analyses of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children non-white ethnicity is reported as a predictor of early onset puberty,14 while, Houghton et al16 have reported that the timing of menstruation for British-born Bangladeshi girls is comparable with that for whites. Studies that seek explanations for observed ethnic inequalities in health often find socioeconomic factors to be important,28 ,31 ,44 ,45 but in relation to early onset puberty the picture is mixed. Similar to our observations for UK Pakistani, Bangladeshi and black African girls, Deardorff et al10 analysed US National Longitudinal Study of Youth data and found that the socioeconomic disadvantage of black and Hispanic girls compared with whites explained about half the disparity in early menarche. In contrast, Wu et al46 reported that socioeconomic disadvantage did not explain black-white differences in early onset menstruation, but that adjustment for BMI did reduce inequalities. Our findings highlight the different lived experiences of ethnic minority groups in the UK: for example, Indians are relatively advantaged whereas Pakistanis tend to be materially disadvantaged; Bangladeshis and black Africans are materially disadvantaged and tend to be more adipose compared with the majority ethnic group.
Our study has distinct strengths: we used data from a large-scale representative contemporary UK setting, and were able to examine associations across socioeconomic strata and the most common ethnic minority groups; we were able to investigate two hypothesised pathways—adiposity and psychosocial stress—which have been proposed to explain early onset puberty. On the other hand, our study has limitations. Girls' menstruation was obtained from mother reports, this method of ascertainment has been reported to be reliable elsewhere,13 with no evidence of cultural or socioeconomic bias in the reporting of menarche. However, this cannot be entirely ruled out as even though the overall amount of missing data was small, there was some variation in the proportion of study participants in the 'don't know/don't wish to answer' category. As already noted we were able to investigate two hypothesised pathways and while our markers of adiposity were objectively measured, markers of the psychosocial environment were reported by the mother and could be prone to bias. There were a wider set of puberty markers available for use—breast development and pubic hair growth, but the reliability of these in population study settings is questionable and we chose not to use them. Due to lack of data we were not able to investigate the potential role of environmental pollutants. Nor were we able to examine the potential role of migration as all study participants were born in the UK; we did run analyses including mothers' migration status but this did not alter model estimates and had no independent relationship to menstruation in their daughters. Finally due to lack of data we were not able to take account of any heritable portion of early puberty. Taken together these limitations of data availability and imperfect measurement of environmental factors might help shed light on apparent economic and ethnic inequalities that remained after adiposity and psychosocial factors were taken account of.
Our findings and those of others' highlight the complex and potentially opposing mechanisms at play for the onset of puberty.7 Future work using more complete prospective data on puberty from the same population sample will help to provide a more comprehensive picture of the timing of puberty in the UK. Data collections on girls with different migration histories and from a range of representative ethnic minority groups are needed to enhance understanding of the drivers of puberty in what are increasingly diverse populations.
Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in early onset puberty are evident in the UK, and our findings suggest the unequal distribution of psychosocial stress and adiposity play a part for socioeconomic inequalities while material disadvantage and adiposity play a part in observed ethnic patterns. Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in later life health are evident, and early puberty could play a role in increasing chronic disease risk among women from disadvantaged groups. Given the short-term and long-term implications for early puberty on women's health and well-being, improving our understanding of underlying processes could help identify opportunities for interventions with benefits across the life course.
The authors thank the Millennium Cohort Study families for their time and cooperation, as well as the Millennium Cohort Study team at the Institute of Education.
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. Childhood environment influences adrenarcheal timing among first-generation Bangladeshi migrant girls to the UK. PLoS ONE 2014;9:e109200. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109200
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. Endocrinology and Gynecology of Girls and Women with Low Birth Weight. Fetal Diagn Ther 2011;30:243–9. doi:10.1159/000330366
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. Early and late weight gain and the timing of puberty. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006;254–255:140–5. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.003
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. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and human growth and maturation: a focus on early critical windows of exposure. Vitam Horm 2014;94:1–25. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-800095-3.00001-8
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. Evolution, development and timing of puberty. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006;17:7–12. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2005.11.006
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. International variability of ages at menarche and menopause: patterns and main determinants. Hum Biol 2001;73:271–90. doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0029
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Contributors All authors had full access to all of the data (including statistical reports and tables) in the study and can take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. YK conceptualised and designed the study, drafted the initial manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. AZ carried out the analyses, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. AS, RH and RV critically reviewed the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. YK will act as guarantor for the manuscript. YK affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.
Funding This work was supported by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Council RES-596-28-0001.
Competing interests YK, AZ and AS had financial support from the Economic and Social Research Council (RES-596-28-0001) for the submitted work.
Data sharing statement Data are available on request from the authors.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
What triggers puberty?
Ken K Ong
Archives of Disease in Childhood 2016; 102 209-210 Published Online First: 08 Dec 2016. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312000


The X-treme Trail Climber Electric Bike is a Lithium Battery powered Electric Bicycle with a step through frame, running on a 300 Watt rear hub motor. Lightweight and strong, it's an upgraded model of the XB-305Li. The difference is that the X-treme Trail Climber is designed to accommodate the ladies where you can step through the frame instead of having to step over the cross bar of the frame. However, this step-through version is also suitable for men who prefer easier access. Made with all top of the line components this model includes a 7 Speed Shimano Tourney® Gears & Shifter System, 7 Lightweight Lithium LiPo4 Batteries, a 100% Aluminum Alloy Frame, fully Adjustable Seat, and an RST Capa® T7 front fork. This electric bicycle will travel up to 20 miles per hour for up to 20 miles on a single charge and it only takes about 4 hours to recharge the battery. The LiPo4 lithium battery pack is lightweight, compact and mounts to the frame under the seat and is hardly noticeable.


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LIMF 2015 Commissions bring Lamont Dozier to The Epstein Theatre for The Record Producers Live
By Paul Fitzgerald on	 24th August 2015 LIMF, News
The legendary Lamont Dozier
A massive fan of all things Motown, Getintothis' Paul Fitzgerald looks forward to an evening spent in the company of genuine and original soul royalty.
One of several fascinating commissions as part of this year's Liverpool International Music Festival, sees producer Steve Levine and Richard Allinson bring us a live version of their award winning radio show, The Record Producers, to The Epstein Theatre on August 27.
This evening promises to be a unique and fascinating event, featuring an in-depth discussion and analysis of some of Holland – Dozier – Holland's classic 60s Motown recordings. That's a heftily impressive back catalogue to choose from. The work this trio wrote, recorded and produced helped shape the Detroit sound of the 60s, and soundtracked those times, as well as hugely and directly influencing what came later.
The Supremes, Martha Reeves and The Vandellas, The Four Tops, Marvin Gaye and many other brothers and sisters of soul benefitted from their massive input and influence to say the least. We're talking here about three men who collectively wrote and produced no fewer than 25 No. 1 singles for the Motown label alone. The fine body of work they delivered is burned into the heart and soul of every music lover. What these three friends achieved as Motown's default production team, and mainly over just a five year period, also set standards in terms of production styles and techniques, which are as important and relevant now as they were back then.
Lamont Dozier, whose role in the team was as both writer and arranger as well as producer, will be on hand to discuss his work, and to take questions from the audience, which, given the varied gravitas of this actual soul legend's career, could take a while, to be fair. A wonderful evening is promised here, and all in the company of genuine rock and soul royalty.
Previous ArticleManchester Gigs of the Month – September 2015
Next Article LIMF 2015: Liverpool International Music Festival announces Routes Jukebox and It's Liverpool Stage collaborations
LIMF 2015: The Record Producers Live – Epstein Theatre Lamont Dozier: "We made sure the song was King" – the Motown legend on the Supremes, the Four Tops, George Clinton & more LIMF 2015: Routes Jukebox Live feat Dave McCabe, The Farm, Terri Walker, Natalie McCool: Epstein Theatre, Liverpool Martin Simpson to bring his iconic folk sounds to Epstein Theatre Lloyd Cole heads to Liverpool's Epstein Theatre for a rare live show LIMF 2015: Talib Kweli to open Liverpool International Music Festival with Gil Scott-Heron tribute Thea Gilmore, Nigel Stonier: Epstein Theatre, Liverpool LIMF 2015: The Revolution Will Be Live feat Talib Kweli, Craig Charles, The Christians – St Georges Hall


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Colorado Matters Senior Host
Twitter @CPRWarner
Ryan Warner
Ryan Warner is the senior host and editor of Colorado Public Radio's daily interview program "Colorado Matters." He regularly reports on the most important issues facing Colorado – from the state capitol, which includes a monthly interview with the Governor of Colorado – to topics concerning health, education, business, energy and the environment and arts and culture.
Bachelor's degrees in political science and French, University of Missouri-Columbia; Master's degree in broadcast journalism, Boston University.
Professional background:
Ryan came to CPR from WGCU in Fort Myers, Florida. He was the founding host of that station's daily call-in talk show, Gulf Coast Live. Ryan served as assistant news director and local host of NPR's "All Things Considered" and filed stories for NPR during Hurricane Charley in 2004. Ryan previously hosted "Morning Edition" on WYSO Public Radio in Yellow Springs, Ohio, and co-created a weekend news magazine there. Prior to that, he served as news director of KOPN Community Radio in Columbia, Missouri. For two years, Ryan left public radio to report and anchor weekend news at KTIV-TV, the NBC affiliate in Sioux City, Iowa.
Ryan has won numerous awards from Public Radio News Directors Incorporated for his interviews. He's also been honored by The Associated Press. The editors of 5280 Magazine voted Ryan Top Radio Talk Show Host of 2009.
Why I became a journalist:
My mother was in public relations when I was growing up. She often brought me along on errands — dropping off press materials to this or that TV or radio station or newspaper. I was only in those newsrooms briefly, but I knew it's where I eventually wanted to spend my career. My love of learning and of great conversation made the perfect pair.
Why I got into radio:
I found that, in television, how you looked (and whether your tie was straight) was as important as – or more than — what you said. I wanted to work in a medium where the content (the story, the language, the guest) was the primary focus. And that's public radio.
How I ended up at CPR:
After two hurricane seasons in Florida, I was ready for higher ground. 5280 seemed about right. I grew up in California and went skiing in Colorado with my parents every year. The west was calling. So, I saw the job opening at Colorado Matters and thought it was the opportunity of a lifetime.
Colorado Matters
Play audioListen 17:15
What Golf May Say About President Trump
President Trump's relationship with the truth is the subject of a new book. It's not an investigation of his taxes or his campaign promises, but of his golf game. "Commander In Cheat: How Golf Explains Trump" is the latest from longtime Sports Illustrated columnist and ESPN contributor Rick Reilly.
By Ryan Warner
Play audioListen 9:06
Restoring The Apollo 11 Mission Control Room, 50 Years Later
A Colorado environmental engineering firm led the project to restore the mission control room in the Johnson Space Center in Houston.
July 17, 2019: How David Bowie's Idea Could Pay For College; What Golf May Say About Trump
An investment idea when David Bowie was a struggling musician, may help college students pay for their education. Then, empowering women to play football. Plus, what his golf game may say about President Trump. Also, arrests after a historic church is set on fire. Finally, the mysteries of snow algae, and the music of Gingerbomb.
July 16, 2019: Grand Junction Prepares For BLM Move; Restoring Apollo's Mission Control
What the Bureau of Land Management's move means for Grand Junction. Then, a Colorado company restores NASA's mission control for the historic Apollo moon landing. Plus, understanding what could cause a highway like U.S. 36 to crack. Also, what's next for John Hickenlooper's presidential bid, and Colorado's soccer stars share their World Cup journey.
July 15, 2019: Why Hawaiians Call Grand Junction Home; Feeling 'Moonsick' 50 Years Later
Anticipated ICE enforcement is not unprecedented. Then, Gov. Polis and Rep. Buck speak at the Western Conservative Summit. Plus, why Hawaiians call the Western Slope home. One of the last men to walk on the Moon recalls the Apollo missions. We get perspective on river rafting deaths in the state, Colorado wonders about greywater, and hail damage adds up.
Remembering Denise Nickerson (ENCORE 7/12/19)
Nickerson, perhaps best-known for her iconic role as Violet Beauregarde in the classic film "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory," died this week at 62.
July 11, 2019: When Immigrant Detention Is Private; What To Expect At Conservative Summit
NPR's Yuki Noguchi covers the complicated relationship between ICE and private firms that run some immigration detention centers. Then, the Centennial Institute's Jeff Hunt previews the Western Conservative Summit. Next, teaching at age 81. Also, the Pueblo vs. Hatch chile rivalry heats up.
July 10, 2019: How One Immigration Lawyer Is Reacting Locally; The History Of Mosquitoes
Hans Meyer, a leading immigration attorney in Denver, shares how the Trump administration's threats of mass deportations are affecting his clients. Then, one of the world's premier mosquito experts is a CMU professor. Next, are wolves the key to stopping chronic wasting disease? Finally, NPR host Ari Shapiro performs with Pink Martini at Red Rocks.
July 9, 2019: A New Quiz Reveals Political Biases; A Mural Honors Cyclist Major Taylor
An online quiz from the nonprofit More in Common shows the taker how their perception of the other political party may be off. Then, how Denver Post photojournalist RJ Sangosti was inspired to report on air quality in Elyria-Swansea. Next, a new mural honors the first black world cycling champion. Finally, is this the oldest photo of Denver?
This Online Quiz Can Reveal Your Political Misconceptions
The nonprofit More in Common developed the test based on their research into how a person's perception of the opposite political party can be off.
The Oldest-Known Photograph Of Denver
The 1859(-ish) black-and-white photo shows a street with lumber, oxen and storefronts.
July 8, 2019: We're Learning A Lot More About Wildfire Smoke; Curbing Sagebrush Fires
Boulder scientists are launching a landmark study into wildfire smoke's health effects. Then, what's the evidence behind the Trump administration's sagebrush fire break plan. Next, Colorado support a suffragette memorial. Also, recapping the World Cup. Then, Colorado's canals evolve. Next, what Colorado smells like. Finally, an artist's map obsession.
What Does Colorado Smell Like? Blue Spruce, Lemon Essential Oil And Leaf Alcohol, For Starters
Boulder perfumer Dawn Spencer Hurwitz developed an award-winning scent called Colorado inspired in part by hiking the Flatirons.
July 4, 2019: Colorado Matters Independence Day Special
In honor of July 4th, we play encores of our favorite stories about veterans and American history.
July 2, 2019: Author Peter Heller And Musician Cousin Curtiss, On Stage In Grand Junction
This episode of Colorado Matters was recorded live at the Avalon Theatre in downtown Grand Junction. Ryan Warner interviews bestselling Colorado author Peter Heller, whose latest is an outdoors thriller called "The River." Also, a toe-tapping performance by Cousin Curtiss, of tiny Placerville, Colo. He won the Solo On The Slope music contest.
Bestselling Colorado Author Peter Heller Talks His New Book, 'The River'
Ryan Warner interviews Peter Heller on stage at the Avalon Theatre in Grand Junction.
Ways To Support CPR
Colorado Public Radio is made possible from the support of contributing listeners, businesses, and foundations, with more than half of funding coming from active members.
Become an Evergreen Member


Hearing Mark's Endings has two foci: it represents an attempt to show that ancient popular texts are written to be read aloud, and further, develops an aurally attuned hermeneutic to interpret them by. The contents of the book include rhetorical readings of the ancient popular texts, by Xenophon of Ephesus: An Ephesian Tale, and the ending of Mark's Gospel. These readings, which highlight the aural nature of the texts, are followed by a methodological justification for using Speech Act Theory as a hermeneutical tool, and further readings, of Xenophon's romance, and three endings of the Gospel of Mark. The book concludes that Speech Act Theory has, indeed, much to offer to the interpretation of these texts. The particular usefulness of this work lies in the contribution it makes to New Testament hermeneutics, in the testing of a particular, underused methodology to illuminate ancient popular literature. It will prove to be useful to all those interested in interdisciplinary methodological studies of biblical and other ancient popular literature.
So Pete, what is the blogolicy on advertising books?
a) It is written by one of us not one of them.
b) It is relevant to the subject of the blog.
c) As long as we get our percentage we don't care.
We try to do a service to those poor benighted people who frequent our blog by informing them of publications relevant to the subject.
Providing such information about publications of course implies nothing about the quality or worth of the publication or about the truth of the information provided by publishers.
'Blogolicy'—not to be confused with 'blogoligy', which is when there are few postings to the blog.
Ah yes, but one of the surprising things about this book blurb (considering the subject) is that it does not claim to be of interest to New Testament textual critics (or should that be 'text critics'?).
It suggests that it is of tangential interest.
Two Early Editions of the Pauline Corpus?
Ehrman, Whose Word Is It?


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Charles Colson Quotation
Filed under: Christianity — Tags: apologetics, Chuck Colson, disciples, early church, Jesus, resurrection — paulthinkingoutloud @ 8:33 am
Filed under: links — Tags: angels, animals in heaven, C&MA, censoring Christmas, Christian blogs, christian films, Christian movies, Christians and smoking, Christmas music, Chuck Colson, church advertising, church arson, creation, dogs and cats in heaven, Francis Chan, gay teens, Handel's Messiah, IVCF, Justin Bieber, New Calvinists, Paul Wilkinson blog, Pope Benedict, Randy Alcorn, rethinking Biblical stories, Roman Catholic Church, Sovereign Grace, Steve Bell, The Vatican, theology, Urbana Conference — paulthinkingoutloud @ 6:06 am
Wednesday List Lynx
Not only these, but there was a link list on Saturday as well. *UPDATE* 8:00 PM — Yes, I know about the PSY parody. We might run it here Friday. Click to watch Farmer Style. *END UPDATE*
Since 1642 it has been against the rules of the Roman Catholic Church to use tobacco during the mass. Learn more in a history of the church, the saints and smoking.
And speaking of the Catholic Church, here's the photo-op of the week where Pope Benedict invites circus and street performers to The Vatican and as a long time cat lover, gets to pet a lion cub.
"Whenever there is a fire in a house of worship, it has a tremendous impact on the fabric of a community," said a Cape Cod fire marshal after a Christian and Missionary Alliance church fell victim to arson.
Two years after recording a Christmas album, Canada's Steve Bell has another one. Read about Keening for the Dawn and if you hurry, your copy will ship in time for the 24th.
Okay, how about an article showing parallels in two lives: Justin Bieber and King David? According to Ben at the blog On Pop Theology, it's not that big a stretch.
The recent tensions at Sovereign Grace Ministries could mean the severing of ties from one of its flagship churches.
Francis Chan had huge hits with Crazy Love and Forgotten God, but I had wondered if Multiply was more of a curriculum item. Customers didn't. The book landed on a New York Times 'advice' bestseller list.
Greg Koukl either answers or skirts the following question in a short video: Are angels also made in God's image? What do you think?
Jennings' Messiah? In a modern world, corporate sponsorship and branding would rule the day. We may call it Handel's Messiah, but latest evidence points to the fact that Handel's patron was Charles Jennings, without whom the project wouldn't have happened.
Ten years ago the Liberty Counsel started the "Naughty or Nice" list showing retailers which acknowledge Christmas and which ones marginalize the holiday's faith origin. Which side of the list do you think is growing?
For people in youth ministry and student ministry, here's a link that will take you to a sample chapter of Ministering to Gay Teenagers from Six:11 Ministries.
Like the Energizer Bunny, InterVarsity's student missions conference, Urbana, just keeps on going. This year it's in St. Louis from Dec 27 – 31.
Thinking Out Loud flashback post: When "OMG" and "WTF" Come to Church. And watch your language.
Ethics Department: Even after you've made the right decision, it doesn't mean you're done wrestling with it.
Too late for this year's Thanksgiving, but I still enjoyed this 6.5 minute film from Ransom.tv about the importance of family.
The UK's ChurchAds.net is to blame for the God Baby ads. "He cries. He wees. He saves the world." Cute advertising copy or borderline blasphemy? You decide. Don't look for an image here, I'm not reposting it.
The proprietor of Ironic Catholic thinks the Coexist folks are making things a little crazy:
The lynx is not alone this time: We end today with some book covers which appeared here in a 2008 post dealing with whether or not Fluffy and Fido will be in heaven. These are real books that were available for purchase when the post was written. First we took the Chuck Colson position that argues against animals in the afterlife. Then, four months later, in August, 2008; I was persuaded by the Randy Alcorn position which argues for furry friends, though not resurrected ones. Trust me, you could split a church over this topic…
Tributes to Chuck Colson
Filed under: current events — Tags: born again, Charles Colson, Christian leaders, Chuck Colson, evangelicals, Prison Fellowship, prison ministry, Watergate — paulthinkingoutloud @ 2:48 pm
Christian journalists and bloggers pay tribute to Christian author and Prison Fellowship founder Charles (Chuck) Colson:
David Shuringa at Think Christian
Colson's legacy is enormous. Convicted in 1974 as part of the Watergate scandal, Colson – then White House special counsel – was sent to federal prison. Paroled in 1975, Colson began Prison Fellowship the following year, helping to put prison ministry on the church's radar. When society was saying, "Lock 'em up and throw away the key," Colson was echoing Hebrews 13:3: "Remember those in prison as if you were together with them in prison." He reminded the church of Jesus' words: "I was in prison and you came to visit me." No one can think of prison ministry without Chuck Colson coming quickly to mind.
Sarah Pulliam Bailey at Christianity Today
In many ways, Colson's life encapsulated the eclectic nature of evangelicalism. His example shaped how evangelicals would promote ministry and social justice, evangelism and ecumenicism, cultural and political engagement, radio and writing, and scholarship and discipleship.
Ginny Dent Brant at Christian Post
In November of 2009, the Manhattan Declaration was born in the heart of Chuck Colson. This document encouraged Evangelicals, Catholics, and Orthodox Christians to stand for their convictions on the issues of the sanctity of human life, traditional marriage and religious freedom. With nearly 525,000 signatures including well-known religious leaders, this document clearly reminds us what Chuck Colson said in a speech at Harvard Business Schoolin 1991, "A society without a foundation of moral absolutes cannot long survive."
Chuck Colson trained a new generation of church and lay leaders. He challenged us by warning, "There's too much of the world in the church and not enough church in the world."
Emily Belz at World Magazine
A Southern Baptist, Colson remained politically and theologically conservative his whole life, but Prison Fellowship gained a reputation for working with both Republicans and Democrats for criminal justice reforms focused on transitioning prisoners into society. Colson also gained a reputation for working across theological aisles, helping to launch the 1994 Evangelicals and Catholics Together initiative and becoming co-author of the 2010 Manhattan Declaration, a statement on conscience and marriage endorsed by a broad spectrum of Christian leaders and now with over half a million signatures.
Mollie Hemingway at Get Religion
One of the things that made Colson so interesting, of course, was that he actually became a born again Christian prior to going to prison. He was converted in a bipartisan Bible study group.
Here is the essential fact — he converted prior to pleading guilty. He'd been charged with conspiracy to cover up the Watergate burglary right after his conversion. He told prosecutors he wouldn't plea bargain and he hadn't done what he'd been charged with. But, he told them, he had obstructed justice and if they wanted to charge him with that, he would plead guilty. They did and he did.
Andrew Jones (Tall Skinny Kiwi)
It was always a joy to respond to Colson. He had an approachable manner, apparently something that he also carried in the White House. And unlike many EC [Emergent Church] critics who never turn up to discuss or defend their criticisms, Charles Colson interacted with us, influenced us, and was influenced by us.
Dale Tedders
The Church of Jesus Christ lost a mighty saint today. His influence will continue to be felt, both here and for all eternity.
Colson's legacy, like every persevering Christian, is one of a man brought low by his sin, but made new in Christ– and used for his purposes in ways he would have never imagined. When Colson converted to Christianity, the timing of his conversion (1973) led many to speculate about the sincerity of his claim to faith– they thought this might be a "jailhouse conversion." But nearly 40 years later, Colson's perseverance lends credit to his testimony.
Other Tributes at Church Blog
Prison Fellowship Video Tribute at YouTube
Colson Center Obituary
Charles W. Colson Quotations


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Q: How to access files stored in a password protected folder in windows I need to save/access some text files under a password protected folder on the file system in windows, Is there any way I can access these files inside that password protected folder using groovy/java?

A: depends on the mechanism of password protection. In general, decrypting / cracking a password protected folder / file requires lots of CPU time & power, or even not possible to be decrypted in forseeable future.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A shocking new clip shows the dangers of driving too closely to another motorist in front of you on a motorway.
The clip, which was captured by one of the dashcams in a Highways England patrol vehicle on the M6 in Cheshire, showed the danger of travelling too close to another drive.
It reveals how dangerous it can be if you do not leave space in-between the cars in front of you.
The clips show several cars sharply braking causing a mass crash involving a HGV lorry.
Highways England has released the clip as part of its #staysafestayback campaign.
The group's Head of Road Safety, Richard Leonard, said: "This footage is a startling reminder about the dangers of driving too closely to the vehicle in front.
The general advice for motorists is to leave a two-second gap between your vehicle and the vehicle in front and double that when the road surface is wet.
Reduce the risk to yourself by driving normally, signalling clearly and allowing people to overtake. Drivers caught tailgating can be fined £100 and be given three penalty points.
EastEnders spoilers: Jane Beale for shock comeback in bitter clash with Mel Owen?


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Veliki Vrh Kamanjski   falu Horvátországban, Károlyváros megyében. Közigazgatásilag  Kamanjéhoz tartozik.

Fekvése
Károlyvárostól 20 km-re északnyugatra, községközpontjától 2 km-re keletre, a szlovén határ közelében fekszik.

Története
A településnek 1857-ben 93, 1910-ben 122 lakosa volt. Trianon előtt Zágráb vármegye Károlyvárosi járásához tartozott. 2011-ben 64 lakosa volt.

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Tag Archives: referendum on changing the constitution
Media Confirmation about Turkey -constitutional referendum by spring as predicted by Clairvoyant Dimitrinka Staikova in her Ebook : Elections – USA, Turkey, Austria….Clairvoyant/Psychic predictions : #BlackLivesMatter, The Coup in Turkey ?, Devlet Bahçeli, CIA, FBI, Ku Klux Klan, White Supremacy… On the top of the needle By Clairvoyant : Dimitrinka Staikova, Ivelina Staikova and Stoyanka Staikova
Media Confirmation about Turkey -constitutional referendum by spring as predicted by Clairvoyant Dimitrinka Staikova in her Ebook :
Elections – USA, Turkey, Austria….Clairvoyant/Psychic predictions : #BlackLivesMatter, The Coup in Turkey ?, Devlet Bahçeli, CIA, FBI, Ku Klux Klan, White Supremacy…
On the top of the needle
By Clairvoyant : Dimitrinka Staikova, Ivelina Staikova and Stoyanka Staikova
Buy the Ebook from the authors : http://sites.google.com/site/dimitrinkastaikova
Buy the Ebook from Amazon : https://www.amazon.com/Elections-Clairvoyant-predictions-BlackLivesMatter-Supremacy-ebook/dp/B01IRH0SJ0/
Buy the Paperback book from Amazon – https://www.amazon.com/Elections-Austria-Clairvoyant-Psychic-predictions/dp/1535398116/
Devlet Bahçelı – July 16, 2016, 11am. (Leader of Grey Wolves – Turkish Nationalist Organisation and Chairman of Nationalist Movement Party of Turkey) – The Party, A coup, Money, Business, Elections 2016, 2017 – Clairvoyant/Psychic predictions by Clairvoyant House "Dimitrinka Staikova and daughters Stoyanka and Ivelina Staikova" – from Europe, Bulgaria, Varna – July 16 ,2016, 11am.
Photo – July 12, 2016. Time -after the photo.
What was interesting for Devlet Bahçelı on July 12, 2016 – his health, his energy, the future of the party and money and profits. Bahçelı sees all that pessimistically, but with a thought that everything bad that is going downwards, can be stopped.
I see a lot of nerves and counteraction against him, but he is convinced in its future actions and he will personally take its party on one acceptable level. For now, he closes the door about frozen energy projects. From three energy players and three banks will remain two – these are two independent participants in one energy project – between them , the energy begins to superimpose (to increase).
Three men , working for a third one, who is outside the country, together with the Intelligence (reconnaissance) will succeed in a coup. The coup begins as military, but is is finished by the Higher Intelligence. The orders are coming from outside….from abroad. There are beginning days of waiting, fighting and war – Turkey will boil just like on the borders, as in its heart – Ankara. Despite the intervention of the Higher intelligence – until two days the four people who has started the military actions for a coup fail. Devlet Bahçelı knew about the coup, but he is not a participant.
• July 12, 2016 – He talks on the congress of its party for new structures on a lower level that will close the ranks of the members. – He talks about the kurds, as possible members of the party. – He talks about two subleaders. He has healthy problems – I feel cough, difficult breathing, suffocation. Problems in the prostate, pain in the left side of the head.
• July 13, 2016 – A road, conversations – after lunch again for the party – he meets with informer – news. A phone talk overseas. Negotiations with Germany. – A visit on a place, where are made science experiments. Conversations until the late evening.
• July 14, 2016 – He feels better healthy. There are close people around him. I see a made deal, I see his hand to fondle gold. Money are collected for a new building (sacred), that will belong to the Intelligence. Around lunch – it is reported to him about a movement of people and preparation, but from abroad. He has warned Erdogan -they were ready for the coup.
• July 16, 2016 – there are givven additional money to a certain people – overseas bank accounts – it is psid for a certain tasks and a job done. On July 16, 2016 – everything is under control.
• July 17, 2016 – the things are going out of control.
1. First are the turks dissatisfied by that government.
2. Second are the communists.
3. Third are the kurds.
In Turkey begins to enter a big mass of people. Turkey enters in a war footing.
• September 2016 – will be the second mass people's discontent , that will cause to a date for elections.
• November 2016 – There will be an assault against the leaders of Turkey.
Despite the date for Elections 2016, the elections will be effective year 2017. Since year 2017 – there will be often changes in the government.
Health Diagnosis of Devlet Bahçelı :
Pains in the right lung – and the both lungs are sick. Pains in the thyroid gland, liver, urinary tract, prostate. He suffer from colitis – the reason : bile duct. On July 12 and 13, 2016 – he has a high blood pressure and pain, that is moving in the left leg.
Turkey could hold constitutional referendum by spring
http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Turkey-could-hold-constitutional-referendum-by-spring.html
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Bentley, Rubio, Russia, Russian government, Russian intelligence services, Russian politics, Russian President Vladimir Putin, Scott Walker, second GOP candidate, Secretary General of Nato, Secretary General of the Arab League, seismic blasts, seizure, Sen. Marco Rubio, Senate, Senate reelection, Senator, Senator Bernie Sanders, shaking, Silica-Titanium, sonic boom, sonic boom in New Jersey, sonic booms, sonic-boom fueled tremors, South Carolina, South Dakota, Sputnik, State, State Governor, State Governor Asa Hutchinson, State Governor Bill Walker, State Governor Bruce Rauner, State Governor Butch Otter, State Governor Charlie Baker, State Governor Dannel Malloy, State Governor David Ige, State governor Jack Markell, State Governor Jay Nixon, State Governor Jerry Brown, State Governor John Hickenlooper, State Governor Larry Hogan, State Governor Mark Dayton, State Governor Mike Pence, State Governor Nathan Deal, State Governor Paul Lepage, State Governor Phil Bryant, State Governor Rick Scott, State Governor Robert J. Bentley, State Governor Steve Beshear, State Governor Steve Bullock, State Governor Terry Branstad, State Goveror Rick Snyder, Staten Island, Steve Beshear, Steve Bullock, subcontractors, Suffolk County, Supporters, Susana Martinez, symptoms, Syria, Tacna, Ted Cruz, Tennessee, terrorism, terrorist's actions in Brussels, terrorists, Terry Branstad, Terry McAuliffe, Texas, the campaign, the campaign of Senator Bernie Sanders, the hack of Democratic Party computers, the incident in Benghazi, the Leader of ISIS, the Oval Office, the presidential candidate, the presidential hopeful, The Republican presidential nominee, the war in Syria, The White House, Titanium, Titanium Mine, tremors, tremors of an earthquake, tritium, Trump presidency, Trump victory, Turkey, Turkey presidential system, Turkey's Erdogan, Turkish Justice Minister Bekir Bozdag, Turkish prime minister, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkish-Syrian Border, U.S. Democratic National Committee, U.S. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, U.S. electoral campaign, U.S. President Barack Obama, U.S. Presidential Elections, U.S. Presidential race, U.S. State Department, United States presidential elections 2016, US Election 2016, Us Elections 2016, US Geological Survey, US Navy, US politics, USA Elections, USA elections 2016, USGS, Utah, Vermont, vice-presidential candidate, victims of gun violence, Virginia, Vladimir Putin, vote, Wall Street, war, War footing, Warfarin, Washington, waveforms, weak fundraising, West Virginia, What will happen through Year 2016 and after that... for USA and the World, White House, Who's running for president in 2016, WikiLeaks, WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, Wisconsin, Withdrawal of : Scott Walker and Jim Webb, world news, world predictions, World Predictions 2016, World Predictions about Europe 2016, World Predictions for Year 2016 about USA and the World, world predictions that came true, Wyoming on November 11, 2016 by Clairvoyant Dimitrinka Staikova.


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Home › Culture › arts & entertainment › Today in Fantasy Film Sexism: Disney tries to pat some feminists' heads
Today in Fantasy Film Sexism: Disney tries to pat some feminists' heads
It's been ages since I linked to Margot McGowan's ReelGirl blog, and I thought I'd rectify that. She's been doing the hard yards lately on sexism in animated movies, especially Disney/Pixar.
HER GRIP ON MAN
SHE'LL ALWAYS HOLD
WITH HER ICY SPELLS OF COLD
If it weren't for ReelGirl, I would have been hard pressed to realise that the upcoming Disney film Frozen is supposedly an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's Snow Queen, seeing as all the interesting female supporting characters included by Andersen in the original story, female characters who had the knowledge or skills the protagonist needed to learn in order take the next step to saving her friend from the Snow Queen even when they didn't necessarily mean to be helpful, seem to have not made the cut into the movie and therefore not into the trailers (it's only male characters now who have the knowledge/skills Elsa needs, and she doesn't learn from them and then move on, they just accompany her and do things for her), and of course Disney couldn't possibly have left the original girl-saves-boy storyline in place either, so now we've got a girl-vs-sister-to-save-sister storyline to ensure that we've still got the all-important damsel-in-distress trope tied in with family conflict (that will presumably end up happily resolved):
In "Frozen," fearless optimist Anna (voice of 'Kristen Bell' ) teams up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of 'Jonathan Groff' ) and his loyal reindeer Sven in an epic journey, encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf in a race to find Anna's sister Elsa (voice of 'Idina Maxwell'), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom. Written by Walt Disney Animation Studios
But of course, any criticism of the sexist depiction or character arc trivialisation or outright erasure of female characters in children's entertainment is "recklessly [taking things] out of context", don'tcha know? After all, this story has TWO female protagonists! Gee, thanks for setting us right, Disney. Who cares if you've set it up so that neither of these two female protagonists can find any other women to help them out of their predicaments, only men? TWO women, not just ONE!
Know what I notice about having Elsa be the Queen with magical icy powers over "the kingdom", and her sister Anna setting out to save "the kingdom", and how we're virtually guaranteed a happy family reunion/resolution (there's a prince from a neighboring country not mentioned in the blurb above)? Disney gets TWO new princess toys out of this movie, that's what I'm seeing, and at least one of them will probably have a sparkly wand (although according to Disney's website for the movie, Elsa's icy spells are only unleashed accidentally – so she's not actually in control of her powers). How empowerful.
Still, thanks to ReelGirl I'm reminded how much I loved the original story in my youth, and have a better understanding of a possible/probable reason why: it was full of many different and interesting women living varied lives that didn't need a prince to make them meaningful. We had a lovely illustrated version that sadly was one of the books in the box that went missing in one of our family moves.
BTW, if you're not keeping an eye on ReelGirl's RSS feed for her book recommendations of girl-centered narratives which move beyond the simplistic recipes of girl-as-sidekick or girl-as-super-chick, then you're missing out.
‹ Friday Hoyden: Ada Lovelace Day 2013
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Categories: arts & entertainment, gender & feminism, Life, media
Tags: cinema, erasure, films, kids movies
The 62nd Down Under Feminists Carnival
Quick Hit: I'm not sexist says Bob Ellis
Are princesses bad for girls?
Thanks for the tip TT. I shall avoid Frozen if at all possible.
Thanks for blogging about this, I've been trying to get to it myself. What this really underlines, for me, is how specious the argument is that most animated features have so few female characters because it's somehow harder to find ways to put girls/women into stories, particularly action/adventure ones. Because here they had a story already choc full of all kinds of different female characters, and they went to extraordinary lengths to get rid of them, and replace them with male ones.
So this movie has a bit of snow in it, and that's about all it has in common with the actual Snow Queen story?
*puts on do not watch list*
Also isn't the protagonist in The Snow Queen named Gerda?
How about the complete lack of poc?
Well Disney has a poor track record there, for sure. No doubt they would point to the traditional Scandinavian setting as a reason for the lack of POC, but given how much they've changed this story, they didn't have to keep it set in a Scandinavian region either.
From The Feminist Fangirl (linked at Reel Girl):
"Not to mention the story's Scandinavian setting offers a great opportunity for some racial diversity and indigenous representation, from Inuit to Sami and beyond."
In addition, the Robber Girl was very likely Romany. It starts to look as if playing into the general public's ideas about Scandinavia was Disney's excuse to keep everyone white.
For me personally, it doesn't seem enough to simply decide not to go and see it. It's not as if we can rush to take our parent-consumer dollars to that other high-end animation fairytale with the wide range of female characters, interacting with one another in all kinds of ways, instead. We need to keep yelling at them as loud as we can to stop doing this.


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You are here: Home > Teaching > Course unit catalogue > INTERNATIONAL HISTORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA 2021/2022
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96823 - INTERNATIONAL HISTORY IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA
Course Unit Page
Teacher Nicola Sbetti
SSD SPS/06
Teaching Mode Traditional lectures
Campus of Forli
Degree Programme First cycle degree programme (L) in International relations and diplomatic affairs (cod. 8048)
Teaching resources on Virtuale
Course Timetable from Sep 21, 2021 to Dec 07, 2021
This teaching activity contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda.
Academic Year 2021/2022
The course aims at providing an adequate knowledge of contemporary political-institutional history and at analyzing major historical changes of contemporaneity that took place at European and extra-European level, starting from the French Revolution up to the 2008 Economic crisis.
The acquired analytical tools will allow to improve the understanding of the relations existing between domestic and foreign policies of the concerned countries as well as to consolidate the knowledge of major international processes and their interconnection with national histories. The study of the main events of XIX and XX centuries in a diachronic perspective will allow acquiring key elements for interpreting current events.
Lectures retrace chronologically the main junctures of the contemporary political history, using a compared analysis of the major historical events affecting the European context and the main extra-European realities. After the introduction of major political, economic and social processes characterizing the beginning of contemporary era and leading to World War I, the analysis will focus on European and extra-European political history in the inter-war period, World War II, the global context of bipolarity and Cold War and its aftermath.
Readings/Bibliography
Mandatory Textbook:
Antony Best, Jussi Hanhimaki, Joseph A. Maiolo, Kirsten E. Schulze, International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond, Routledge, 2015.
Students will have to choose one bookamong the followings and to discuss it at the oral examination (two books for non-attending students):
Raffaela Baritono (Eds), Political History Today: Power. Subjects. Categories, «Ricerche di Storia Politica», Vol.: XX, October 2017.
Valentine Lomellini, The Rise of Bolshevism and Its Impact on the Interwar International Order, Palgrave-McMillan, 2021
Mark Gilbert, Cold War Europe. The Politics of a Contested Continent, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.
Umberto Tulli, A precarious equilibrium Human rights and détente in Jimmy Carter's Soviet policy, Manchester University Press, 2020.
Philippe Vonnard, Nicola Sbetti, Grégory Quin, Beyond Boycotts. Sport during the cold war in Europe, De Gruyter, 2019.
Antonio Varsori and Benedetto Zaccaria, Italy in the New International Order, 1917–1922, Palgrave-McMillan, 2021
The professor uses frontal lessons during which students are invited to further deepen the topics discussed and to express their opinion. The professor also uses power point to highlight the main elements of the historical analysis as well as photos and movies helping students to contextualize course contents.
For attending students:
Students who have been attending the 2 written examinations, will have to undergo a spoken exam at the end of the course. The final spoken exam should be attended on the institutional and monographic part
For not attending students
Non-attending students will have to will have to undergo a written examination on the institutional part and an oral examination where they will be asked to discuss both general arguments of the course and the two chosen books.
Powerpoint, Videos
See the website of Nicola Sbetti


JACKSON Jamison JEDRY JENNETT JESS JINKS Johnes JOLLYMORE Jothry Jreen?
___ Beryl Greatorex Eliza A George James Margaret A. Thomas H.
Ada Udevilla Edw. Fanny M Henry Male Th. Wm.
Alice Lelia Charlotte A. Ernest L Henry Whitman Leila A Otis A William H.
Aaron Arthur C Cyrus Benj. Female Jacob Maggie R. L. C.
Annie Ethel Charlotte Ann Elizabeth Dimock Henrietta Maria Keziah Norma William Laidell?
Annie May Clara H Ernest Hiram Laura Patrick Wm.
Alexander A Charles Roderick Frank Whitney James Edward Maria Leslie Rebecca Thomas ?
Alice Clifford S Frederick James James Pool Marion V Richard Thomas L.
Amereth Edwin George John Martha Campbell Richmond Leslie Vic.