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Jorgie Porter
#Christmas#Drama#Inside Soap#The Dog#Monda
Hollyoaks star Chris Charles promises dramatic Christmas plot for Nate Denby
By Lisa Wehrstedt
digitalspy.com
Hollyoaks spoilers follow. Hollyoaks star Chris Charles has promised incoming drama for his character Nate Denby as he faces off with the Deveraux family. Nate is currently going head-to-head with them as he searches for answers to what happened to his old flame Lisa, who was killed by Toby Faroe (Bobby...
www.digitalspy.com
Lena Dunham: Critics tear into Girls star's 'off-putting' new film Sharp Stick
Lena Dunham's new film Sharp Stick has made its debut at the Sundance Film Festival – but the reaction has been somewhat less than impressed.The Girls star's latest offering focuses on a 26-year-old babysitter (Kristine Froseth) who undergoes a sexual awakening after losing her virginity to her employer.Alongside Froseth, the independent drama also stars Taylour Paige, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Jon Bernthal and Dunham herself, who also directed and wrote the script.Early reviews for the film have been damning, however, and the effort currently holds a score of just 37 per cent on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes (at...
MOVIES・ 2 DAYS AGO
Ryan Hansen, Melissa Tang Starring in Horror Comedy 'Who Invited Them' (Exclusive)
Veronica Mars' Ryan Hansen, The Kominsky Method's Melissa Tang, Timothy Granaderos of 13 Reasons Why, and Perry Mattfeld, the star of In the Dark, are toplining in Who Invited Them, an indie comedic horror from Duncan Birmingham. The feature, which Birmingham wrote and is directing is being produced by Mary Pat Bentel (This Close, Holly Slept Over). Principal photography just wrapped production in Los Angeles. Hansen and Tang play Adam and Margo, whose housewarming party is a success. However, one mysterious couple (Granaderos, Mattfeld) linger long after all the other guests have left. The uninvited couple reveals themselves to be Tom and Sasha,...
LOS ANGELES, CA・ 2 DAYS AGO
Hollyoaks E4 25th January
Although I've been pretty bored of Warren recently, I am feeling interested now in his latest story. It would make a good change to see him actually needing to change his life. He obviously doesn't deserve a second chance but I am curious to see where they will go with this. Also nice hearing the mentions of Louise and Bart.
TV SERIES・ 3 DAYS AGO
Hollyoaks - Best Storylines
What would you say are the best storylines ever in Hollyoaks' history?. Luke Morgan's rape - it was ground-breaking and didn't just get wrapped up after a month or two, Luke is still dealing with it to this very day and it had a major impact on his whole life, including him becoming an alcoholic. A very strong, powerful and emotive story that broke taboos, sparked debate, raised awareness, won awards, and left a huge mark on Hollyoaks.
Should Hollyoaks Favourites return?
100% - I would personally drop Friday's C4 episode and bring back Hollyoaks Favourites. I quite miss seeing old episodes of the show each week. Not fussed and never watched them, it is a totally different show it feels. I would love for it to return. At one point I...
TV SERIES・ 13 DAYS AGO
Former Hollyoaks star Sarah Jayne Dunn opens up over exit from soap
Former Hollyoaks star Sarah Jayne Dunn has said that she feels more liberated than ever after being forced to quit the soap over her OnlyFans account. Back in November 2021, the Channel 4 show confirmed that Dunn would no longer portray long-standing character Mandy Richardson, having played her since 1996, due to the content she produces for the adult subscription platform.
CELEBRITIES・ 10 DAYS AGO
Emmerdale's Dingle family plot dramatic escape for Liv Flaherty
Emmerdale spoilers follow. The Dingle family will plot a prison escape for Liv Flaherty in upcoming Emmerdale scenes. While the Dingles now know Meena Jutla was responsible for killing Ben, they face a burden of proof to get Liv free because Meena has fled the village. The other person who...
TV & VIDEOS・ 14 DAYS AGO
Would you like to see Linda to remain on EastEnders without Mick?
For me it's a definite yes for obvious reasons, because she's my favourite character. During the alcoholic storyline I felt Linda was at her best throughout her whole time that she's been in the show, she finally had a storyline away from the Carter clan drama and something only about herself. Kellie Bright is one of the strongest actresses the soap has and I definitely think she could work alone.
Hollyoaks star Rory Douglas-Speed discusses exciting baby news
Hollyoaks actor Rory Douglas-Speed has opened up about the exciting news that he and his fiancée and co-star Nadine Mulkerrin are expecting their second child. The couple, who already share two-year-old son Reggie, announced that they are having another baby on Christmas Day by sharing an adorable photo of Reggie holding a scan photo – as well as a funny video of the toddler stamping on the picture.
CELEBRITIES・ 5 DAYS AGO
Luiz Guzmán Joins Cast Of Jacquelyn Quinones' Indie 'Miles Away'
EXCLUSIVE: Luis Guzmán (Boogie Nights, Code Black) has joined the cast of Miles Away, an upcoming indie from writer, director and producer Jacquelyn Quinones. Miles Away is a dramedy produced by Quinones that explores a day in the life of a rideshare driver, with short vignettes of passengers all feeding into the story of the driver learning to deal with no money, a thankless job and a sister with mental illness. Andre Royo (The Spectacular Now), Noel Gugliemi (The Fast and The Furious), Alberto Frezza (Station 19), Norma Maldonado (Jane the Virgin), Henri Esteve (Grown-ish), Jennifer Bartels (American Woman), Eddie Martinez (The...
Hollyoaks brings in Happy Mondays star Bez for cameo
Hollyoaks spoilers follow. Hollyoaks has revealed that Happy Mondays star Bez is set to make a cameo on the show – and he'll be doing so very soon, too. The long-running Channel 4 soap confirmed that the dancer and DJ, whose real name is Mark Berry, will be appearing as himself in an episode geared up to air next month.
TV & VIDEOS・ 3 DAYS AGO
KATU.com
"Promised Land" Stars John Ortiz & Bellamy Young
In ABC's new family drama series "Promised Land", a Latinx family vies for wealth and power in California's Sonoma Valley wine country where alliances and loyalties are tested. We spoke with the stars of "Promised Land", John Ortiz and Bellamy Young. "Promised Land" airs Mondays at 10:00 pm right here on KATU.
Hollyoaks star Emma Lau teases Serena's discovery of Dave's secret
Hollyoaks spoilers follow. Hollyoaks newcomer Emma Lau has spoken to Digital Spy about the drama ahead for the Chen-Williams family as Dave's secret is exposed. A big Christmas twist saw Dave (Dominic Power) revealed as the long-lost father of Maxine Minniver (Nikki Sanderson), but most of his family remain completely unaware of their connection.
Hollyoaks' James Nightingale reveals revenge plot against Becky Quentin
Hollyoaks spoilers follow. James Nightingale has revealed his revenge plot against Becky Quentin in Hollyoaks. The attorney holds Becky responsible for his mum Marnie's death in the Salon du The explosion, since she was caught on video throwing a smoke bomb seconds before the blast inside the cafe. Friday's (January...
TV & VIDEOS・ 12 HOURS AGO
Hollyoaks star Vera Chok on Honour's future and Lunar New Year episode
Hollyoaks spoilers follow. Hollyoaks fans can expect a big week ahead for the new Chen-Williams family, as big revelations threaten the stability of the close-knit clan. Dave's children are about to learn the whole truth about his connection to Maxine, while Serena and Lizzie could be heading for separate trouble as they've both fallen for Sid Sumner.
TV SERIES・ 14 HOURS AGO
Mandy Moore Wants Olivia Rodrigo To Star In 'A Walk to Remember' Reboot
Mandy Moore thinks Olivia Rodrigo should take over her iconic role.
Corrie 24/01/2022: I Dreamed A Dream
What's your opinion on the Emma / Faye / Craig crutch storyline. Welcome to the first Corrie thread of the week. Hope you've all had a good weekend. Thanks to sam_gee and FM Lover for last week's episode threads. We're on the same schedule as last week with...
Kathryn Kates Tributes as 'Seinfeld' and 'Orange is the New Black' Actress Dead at 73
"Seinfeld" fans will recognize Kates from the beloved babka episode.
purewow.com
Zendaya Stuns in White Peek-a-Boo Sweater and Bouncy Brown Curls in New IG Post
Once again, Zendaya is serving up looks on a silver platter. Whether she's rocking a fabulous outfit on the red carpet or radiating in a full beat (or natural beat), the Spider-Man: No Way Home star always brings her A-game. This latest Instagram post is no different. Yesterday, the...


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Marc Bannerman (born 15 August 1973) is an Irish-born British actor. He played Gianni di Marco in the BBC soap opera, EastEnders. His character was introduced in 1998, but was written out three years later by the executive producer of EastEnders, John Yorke. He has since appeared on various television and reality television programmes, including I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! in 2007. He starred as Patsy Richardson in the TV show Snatch based on the film by Guy Ritchie. He also starred in Sky One's Agatha Raisin as the victim PC Beech in 2020.

Early life
Although Bannerman was born in Dublin, he spent his childhood in North London.  A keen boxer, he boxed for Islington Boxing Club in his youth.

Career
Whilst training at The Courtyard Theatre Company, he played a variety of roles ranging from Palamon in The Canterbury Tales to performing in Nosferatu. This diversity followed him into his career with television performances as Paul in The Stalkers Apprentice, Gangster in On the Eighth Ball, Phil in The Bill and Malcolm in Chalk for the BBC.

In 1997, Bannerman auditioned for the role of Gianni di Marco, a member of a new Italian family introduced to the BBC's award-winning serial drama EastEnders. He got the part by telling the producers he was half-Italian and half-Sardinian. He first appeared on screen in January 1998 and remained in the role until 2000.

Bannerman appeared in two series of the comedy series Time Gentlemen Please alongside Julia Sawalha, Phil Daniels and Al Murray. He also appeared as his idol Elvis Presley in Celebrity Stars in their eyes. He has presented Wish You Were Here...? for ITV, and has also played guest leads in The Grimleys and Dream Team on Sky One. He has made appearances in the BBC hospital drama Holby City, in the ITV2 drama Footballers' Wives: Extra Time, the ITV game-show Celebrity Wrestling and Hotel Babylon (2008).

Stage appearances include David Freeman in In Two Minds at the Theatre Royal, Windsor and the Churchill Theatre, Bromley. Bannerman received four stars from The Times in 2016 for his return to the stage as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. He has also worked at new writing powerhouse Theatre503 in London, in The Acedian Pirates.

In November 2007, Bannerman was a contestant on the 7th series of the ITV reality show, "I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!", a popularity contest that transports various celebrities to the Australian jungle to undergo unpleasant trials. He was persuaded to enter by his former EastEnders co-star Dean Gaffney, who appeared in the 2006 series. Bannerman was first to be voted out of the jungle.

He appeared in the film A Landscape of Lies (which unbeknown to him) was part of an elaborate scheme.

In 2014 he took the leading role in Spencer Hawken's No Reasons reuniting Bannerman with Landscape Of Lies co-stars Lucinda Rhodes and Daniel Peacock.

Recent projects include indie feature 24 Little Hours, and he has two projects in development for 2018; The Dark Return of Time and Godfathers of London'

 Personal life
Bannerman has stated that he suffered from depression after leaving EastEnders in 2000.

His two-year relationship with fellow Footballers Wives – Extra Time actor Sarah Matravers ended publicly in 2007, when Bannerman appeared on ITV reality show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!'' and professed his love for fellow contestant Cerys Matthews.

Charity Work
Bannerman is a board member of the charity Product of A Postcode which helps children achieve their dreams through education. The aims and goals of Product of A Postcode is to work with underprivileged children through schools, sports clubs, youth clubs and community centres.

References

External links

 Product of A Postcode

1973 births
Living people
Irish male soap opera actors
People from Finsbury Park
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants

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Survey: Half of Americans says kids shouldn't play tackle football
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Of nearly 4,000 U.S. adults surveyed, only 45% agreed that tackle football is an «appropriate sport for kids to play,» a recent survey found. File Photo by Stephen Shaver/UPI | License Photo
As sign-ups for youth football get underway this spring, a new study reveals that Americans may love their football, but half now believe that kids should not play the tackle version of the game.
The researchers found that of nearly 4,000 U.S. adults surveyed, only 45% agreed that tackle football is an «appropriate sport for kids to play.» Half disagreed, while the remaining 5% were unsure.
The survey did not dig into the reasons behind those opinions. But it's likely that safety concerns were a big factor, said researcher Mariah Warner, a doctoral student in sociology at Ohio State University, in Columbus.
The biggest worry with football, she noted, is concussion — and whether repeat knocks to the head could put young players at risk of long-term problems with memory or other brain functions.
Concerns have been heightened in recent years, partly because of high-profile cases of long-term brain injury among former NFL players. Players such as Frank Gifford and Junior Seau were found, after their deaths, to have signs of a degenerative brain condition called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
CTE is a form of brain degeneration believed to be caused by repeated head trauma. It has been found not only in former pro football players, but also in athletes who played other contact sports, like hockey and boxing.
When it comes to youth sports, the potential long-term effects of concussion are unclear, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
The AAP is one of many medical and sports-related groups that have come out with strategies for making football safer for kids. They include bans on head-first tackling and certain «high-risk» drills, and having athletic trainers present at practices and games, to help ensure players with potential concussions are taken off the field.
Some other possible fixes — including a ban on tackling before age 14 — remain controversial.
With that as the backdrop, Warner and her colleague Chris Knoester wanted to get a sense of public opinion.
They turned to data from the National Sports and Society Survey, which sought Americans' views on a range of sports-related topics. One question asked them to rate the degree to which they agreed or disagreed with the statement, «Tackle football is an appropriate sport for kids to play.»
It turned out that, as with so many things, Americans were split down the middle.
And there were various demographics that separated the two camps, Warner said. Not surprisingly, heterosexual men voiced more support for kids' tackle football, versus women and people who identified as gay or bisexual.
Much of those differences were explained by personal experiences, as heterosexual men had often played football as kids. But broader ideologies came into play, too: Self-described conservatives, for example, were more likely to support youth tackle football.
Meanwhile, lower-income and Black Americans took a more favorable view than higher-income and white survey respondents.
Warner said that might reflect the fact that those families have fewer options as far as their kids' activities go. Plus, they may see football as a way to gain scholarships to college.
«People's beliefs and opinions on this are complex,» Warner said. And that, she added, may be why it's so hard to find agreement on proposals like tackle bans.
The findings were published online recently in the journal Social Currents.
So, whose side is «right?» That's complicated, too.
It's true that relative to many other sports kids play, tackle football has a higher rate of concussion, said Thayne Munce, a sports scientist with Sanford Health, in Sioux Falls, S.D., and a fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.
But he also said people's opinions may be overly influenced by media attention on CTE among former NFL players — whose years of hard hits are very different from the experience of kids playing youth football.
Plus, Munce said, today's youth football is much different from years ago.
«I think what's been left out of the public discourse is how the game is moving in the right direction,» he said.
In a recent study, his team found signs that concussion awareness and new safety recommendations are making a difference. They followed one youth football team over the course of eight seasons, with the help of helmet-mounted impact monitors. During that time, kids' head impacts — which can lead to concussion — dropped by 79%.
What's the absolute concussion risk to kids?
At the high school level, boys' tackle football carries the highest concussion rate, according to a 2018 AAP report. The rate is roughly 0.5 to 0.9 concussions for every 1,000 games and practices. (Next on the list was girls' soccer, with a rate of 0.3 to 0.7 per 1,000.)
Figures from youth football are harder to gather, Munce said. Perhaps harder still for parents, he noted, is balancing injury risk against the many benefits kids get from playing team sports.
Limiting younger players to flag football may seem like a no-brainer: All the benefits with far fewer head impacts.
But, Munce said, some argue the delay in teaching proper tackling techniques could backfire: Bigger, harder-hitting high school athletes might end up with more concussions.
«The answer is, we just don't know,» Munce said.
Some also worry such delays would diminish players' overall skills, Warner said.
«But,» she noted, «Tom Brady didn't play tackle football until he was 14.»
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has more on concussion in youth sports.
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January 20, 2023 Sports Betting, Casino, Legal, Online, Finance
As highlighted by an American Gaming Association report, the gray market is siphoning hundreds of millions from regulated industries. Gaming America asks - what should be done about this?
The regulated US gaming industry is considered to be one of the most highly supervised sectors in the nation. However, the patchwork, staggered nature of gaming legalization across the States has exacerbated the impact of numerous illegal or 'gray' markets – where is no way to enforce standards in these spaces.Illegal and unregulated gambling operators often base their headquarters offshore from where they offer their services. This undermines the economic and tax contributions of the legal gaming industry, and also puts illegal operators in a position to flaunt regulations.
The demand for gambling in states where it remains illegal is huge. This is evidenced by the amount that Americans bet with illegal and unregulated operators – $511bn according to a recent report by the American Gaming Association (AGA). In total, unregulated markets have cost the legal gaming industry $44.2bn in gaming revenue and states $13.3bn in lost tax revenue, as per the AGA.
ILLEGAL SPORTS WAGERING – A RISKY BET
Sports wagering is one area where the effects of a lack of regulation are painfully evident. Americans have wagered an estimated $63.8bn on sports with illegal bookies at the opportunity cost of $3.8bn in gaming revenue and $700m in state taxes. With Americans projected to have cast $100bn in legal sports wagers by the end of 2022, these findings indicate that illegal sportsbook operators have seized almost 40% of the US sports betting market.
"A lower number of legal outlets creates increased demand and supply of gray market betting markets. So, although it may seem counterintuitive, states may be well-served to keep tax rates low for sportsbooks."
Legal sports betting is an industry that has accelerated immensely in the past few years, with Massachusetts, Maine and Kansas joining the list of states where it has been legalized in 2022. This means that a strong majority (30+) of US states have legalized some form of sports betting, with a lot of excitement surroundin Ohio's recent launch.
Some experts say this only makes sports betting more enticing to those who are living in states where it is illegal – demonstrated by the $63.8bn wagered at illegal bookies. And illegal operators are becoming savvier at appearing to be legitimate.
Almost half (49%) of past-year bettors used illegal operators, and an AGA report shows that nearly half of these gamblers believed they were wagering legally.Experts have expressed concern over the potential impact of the illegal gray betting market on the integrity of sports. Illegal sports betting is often associated with match-fixing and other forms of corruption. Since these activities are not monitored or regulated by the government, it is difficult to gauge the full extent of their impact.
Furthermore, illegal betting markets can put athletes at risk of exploitation. In some cases, athletes may be coerced into participating in illicit activities in exchange for money. The Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO) recently told gaming operators to halt wagering on the UFC due to non-compliance with its standards. The organization was informed of publicized alleged incidents, including insider betting and reports of suspicious betting patterns in multiple UFC events. Ontario's no-nonsense approach to the matter demonstrates why North American regulated betting is so highly regarded. These illicit practices are more likely to occur in unregulated markets, where organizations like the AGCO don't have authority.
"AGA found that, in the past 12 months, slot machines in Nevada have an operator win rate of 7.16% compared to the 25% average win rate on unregulated machines. This demonstrates how regulation lowers the exploitation of gamblers."
THE LARGEST UNREGULATED MARKET – ICASINO GAMING
When the overturning of PASPA in 2018 enabled states to allow legal sports betting, most expected to see a greater rate of iGaming adoption to accompany it. However, iGaming has achieved legality in only seven states compared to the 30 states that offer sports betting.
TransUnion Senior Manager of Strategic Planning, US Gaming, Declan Raines (see more on page 22), notes that in the six states (Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia) where iGaming was legal in 2021, it generated $970m in tax revenue – compared to $560m for sports betting in 30 states. The appeal of iGaming is so overwhelming that desire for these games spills outside the confines of land-based casinos, often to nearby retail and travel locations with heavy footfall.
A single airport slot operator, Airport Slot Concession, in Las Vegas reported it had broken the $1bn all-time milestone in November 2022. It did so by operating 1,400 slot machines at Harry Reid International Airport. IGaming's popularity in the regulated market translates to its dominion over the gray market. Americans wagered $337.9bn on illegal iCasino websites, with a potential loss of $3.9bn in state tax revenue from $13.5bn in estimated revenue.
The 5,284 participants in the AGA's survey were asked which of 22 prominent online slots and table games providers they gambled with. The results showed that 52% gambled in legal channels only, 30% gambled in illegal channels and the remaining 18% gambled in a mix of both legal and illegal channels.Americans bet over $337.9bn a year with illegal operators, costing the legal industry $13.5bn in revenue and state governments a $5bn loss in potential tax revenue.
GOING IN FOR THE SKILL
Unregulated gaming machines are also often known as 'skill machines' and they are located in commonplace locations across the US, such as convenience stores and bars. The prolific nature of these devices was shown in the AGA's report, which estimated there were 580,651 unregulated machines in the US.
With 870,000 regulated machines statewide that would mean 40% of all gaming machines in the US are unlicensed. These illegal machines aren't subject to the same standards as regulated ones, meaning they can take advantage of customers. AGA found that, in the past 12 months, slot machines in Nevada have an operator win rate of 7.16% compared to the 25% average win rate on unregulated machines. This demonstrates how regulation lowers the exploitation of gamblers.
Another downside of the gray market for skill machine gaming is the level of criminality that it ushers along with it. For instance, a lawsuit was filed against slot manufacturers and a store in Hazelton, Pennsylvania over the murder of a store clerk in November. The lawsuit argued that the illegal nature of the slot operation meant that it did not have proper security measures in place, making it an obvious target for armed robbers.
HOW TO TACKLE THE GRAY MARKET?
The most obvious answer to how to eradicate gray or black markets of any kind is to legalize the product they are profiting and pilfering from. However, since PASPA's overturning, we have seen four years of a disparate legalization process in certain states – this should not be expected to accelerate with immediate effect in states likes California or Texas, for example. A more common-sense solution for the moment is for stakeholders with an interest in the regulated gaming industry – and the tax revenue that comes with it – to band together and crack down on the gray market.
"Sports wagering is one area where the effects of a lack of regulation are painfully evident. Americans have wagered an estimated $63.8bn on sports with illegal bookies at the opportunity cost of $3.8bn in gaming revenue and $700m in state taxes."
One way to do this on a state level is to lower tax rates for gaming operators, which may be a bitter pill for some legislators to swallow – but should make economic sense in the long run. For instance, New York's aggressively high tax rate of 51% on sports betting means that only nine sportsbooks are able to operate there. New Jersey, meanwhile, has 17 legal sportsbooks with a tax rate of 14.25% (which is closer to the average national sports betting tax rate).
A lower number of legal outlets creates increased demand and supply of gray market betting markets. So, although it may seem counterintuitive, states may be well-served to keep tax rates low for sportsbooks. In doing so, they are more likely to drive illegal operators from the market and increase tax revenues in the long term. AGA President and CEO Bill Miller commented: "All stakeholders – policymakers, law enforcement, regulators, legal businesses – must work together to root out the illegal and unregulated gambling market. This is a fight we're in for the long haul to protect consumers, support communities and defend the law-abiding members of our industry."
You are reading the Jan/Feb 2023 issue | View Contents


My first SEM—equipped with a tungsten source—was getting too old and difficult to maintain. For that reason, it was replaced by two brand new SEMs; the first equipped with a tungsten source and the second with a Field Emission Gun (FEG). The tungsten system was considered the 'workhorse', and was used by many co-workers and researchers.
However, challenging specimens (such as nanoparticles and beam-sensitive specimens)could be difficult to image on a tungsten system due to the lack of resolution. Whereas with the FEG source, those difficult specimens were much easier to image. The FEG system allowed us to see things that we couldn't resolve with a tungsten system. It was like exploring and discovering a completely new world. Ever since that day, I've been in love with the FEG source.
In this blog, I would like to make you enthusiastic too and explain why I prefer using an FEG source in an SEM system. You can learn what the main differences are between a tungsten thermionic emitter and a field emission source, and find out how an FEG source could enhance your research.
Typically, thermionic filaments are made of tungsten (W) in the form of a v-shaped wire. They are resistively heated to release electrons (hence the term thermionic) as they overcome the minimum energy needed to escape the material.
For a field emission source, a fine, sharp, single crystal tungsten tip is employed. An FEG emitter gives a more coherent beam and its brightness is much higher than the tungsten filament. Electrons are emitted from a smaller area of the FEG source, giving a source size of a few nanometers, compared to around 50 μm for the tungsten filament. This leads to greatly improved image quality with the FEG source. In addition, the lifetime of an FEG source is considerably longer than for a tungsten filament (roughly 10,000 hours vs 100-500 hours), although a better vacuum is required for the FEG, 10-8 Pa (10-10 torr), compared with 10-3 Pa (10-5 torr) for tungsten, as shown in Figure 1.
For a so-called cold emission source, heating of the filament is not required as it operates at room temperature. However, this type of filament is prone to contamination and requires more stringent vacuum conditions (10-8 Pa, 10-10 torr). Regular and rapid heating ('flashing') is required in order to remove contamination. The spread of electron energies is very small for a cold field emitter (0.3 eV) and the source size is around 5 nm.
Other field emission sources, known as thermal and Schottky sources, operate with lower field strengths. The Schottky source is also heated and dispenses zirconium dioxide onto the tungsten tip to further lower its work function. The Schottky source is slightly larger, 20–30 nm, with a small energy spread (about 1 eV).
When switching from tungsten to FEG emitter, it is worth mentioning that the specimen preparation becomes extremely critical in order to obtain high resolution and high magnification of any specimen.
In general, samples are generally mounted rigidly on a specimen holder or stub using a carbon 'conductive' adhesive. These carbon tabs are partially or non-conductive and can lead to charging artefacts. Hence, carbon tabs might be suitable for a tungsten system, but become inappropriate for an FEG system.
For high-resolution imaging on an FEG system, I always try to avoid using the carbon sticker. Specimens such as nanoparticles or fine powder should be prepared directly onto an aluminum pin stub for example.
FEG sources have an electron beam that is smaller in diameter, more coherent and with up to three orders of magnitude greater current density or brightness than could ever be achieved with a tungsten source.
The result of using an FEG source in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, compared with thermionic devices.
Field emission sources are ideal for high resolution and low-voltage imaging in SEM. Therefore, focusing and working at higher magnification become easy for any operator.
In 2016, I joined the Phenom team that was working on building a desktop SEM with an FEG source. I had never expected that it was possible to build. The first time I tested the system, I was blown away by the image quality, resolution, ease of use and overall performance.
I fell deeply in love with the FEG source all over again—but this time on a desktop SEM.
If you would like to switch from a tungsten to FEG source, you might consider checking out the outstanding performance of the Phenom Pharos Desktop SEM. You can get a desktop FEG for the price of a tungsten floor model.
Home » Blog » FEG vs. Tungsten source in a scanning electron microscope (SEM): what's the difference?


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Final Ronnie Montrose album features Sammy Hagar, Phil Collen and more
August 28, 2017 | Published in Def Leppard, Kiss, Ronnie Montrose, Sammy Hagar, Styx, Toto
Before his untimely death in 2012, renowned guitarist Ronnie Montrose began recording an ambitious passion project with bassist Ricky Phillips (Styx, Bad English) and drummer Eric Singer (Kiss, Alice Cooper). The idea was to record 10 songs with 10 different singers and call the album 10X10. Sadly, Montrose was unable to see the album through during his lifetime. Instead, Phillips made it his mission to finish the songs by enlisting a small army of Ronnie's musician friends to record the vocals and the guitar solos for each song, completing the album in recent years.
Phillips says the songs represent some of Montrose's best work. "His songs still have the fire and angst of a young rebel, but with some added wisdom and foresight voiced in his own unique language of 'guitar-speak.' On 10X10, we hear Ronnie at the top of his game, from the opening crunch guitar of 'Heavy Traffic,' all the way to the closing song, 'I'm Not Lying,' which was Ronnie's tip of the hat to his friend Robin Trower."
10X10 will be available September 29th on 180-gram vinyl, CD and digitally. The album features inspired pairings, like Deep Purple singer Glenn Hughes with Def Leppard guitarist Phil Collen ("Still Singin' With The Band") and singer Sammy Hagar with Toto guitarist Steve Lukather ("Color Blind").
Hear the first single, "Color Blind," below.
Legendary blues guitarist Joe Bonamassa also showcases his guitar talents on the track "The Kingdom's Come Undone" with Ricky Phillips on vocals. A few artists both sing and play, like Edgar Winter ("Love Is An Art") and Tommy Shaw ("Strong Enough").
Several artists who appear on 10X10 had recorded with Ronnie during his career, like Edgar Winter, who included the guitarist on his 1972 album, They Only Come Out At Night. Sammy Hagar got his start singing with Montrose. Between 1973-75, he recorded two influential albums – Montrose and Paper Money – with the band and toured the world.
More than 40 years later, Hagar was among the first who agreed to help finish Ronnie's final album. "It's valuable to have 10X10 be seen as Ronnie's last work, rather than going and digging up some stuff from his past. This was something he truly had a vision for," says Hagar.
10X10 will be released September 29th and is available now for pre-order.
A few weeks after 10X10 is released, Rhino will introduce Deluxe Editions for Montrose (1973) and Paper Money (1974). Each double-disc set includes a newly remastered version of the original album, plus a bonus disc of unreleased demos, studio recordings, and live performances. Each collection will be available on October 13 On the same day, vinyl and digital versions will also be released. These double LPs include the remastered version of the original album along with a selection of bonus recordings.
Montrose and Paper Money feature some of the band's most enduring music, like "Rock Candy," "Bad Motor Scooter" and "Space Station #5." Those two albums would help shape and influence many of the hard rock bands that followed, including Van Halen and Iron Maiden.
All 17 tracks on the Montrose bonus disc are previously unreleased, including demos for "Rock Candy" and "Good Rockin' Tonight," as well as the unreleased song "Shoot Us Down." The remaining bonus tracks feature live performances that were recorded in April 1973 at the Record Plant in California and broadcast on radio station KSAN. Along with hits like "Bad Motor Scooter" and "Rock The Nation," the set list also included a cover of Chuck Berry's classic "Roll Over Beethoven."
All 10 tracks on the Paper Money bonus disc are previously unreleased live tracks recorded in December 1974. Once again, the recording is of the band performing at the Record Plant for another broadcast on KSAN. Along with concert staples, the show highlighted two tracks from Paper Money: "I Got The Fire" and "Spaceage Sacrifice."
Ronnie Montrose 10X10 Track Listing:
1. "Heavy Traffic" Feat. Eric Martin & Dave Meniketti
2. "Love Is An Art" Feat. Edgar Winter & Rick Derringer
3. "Color Blind" Feat. Sammy Hagar & Steve Lukather
4. "Still Singin' With The Band" Feat. Glenn Hughes, Phil Collen & Jimmy "Z" Zavala
5. "Strong Enough" Feat. Tommy Shaw
6. "Any Minute" Feat. Mark Farner & Ricky Phillips
7. "The Kingdom's Come Undone" Feat. Ricky Phillips & Joe Bonamassa
8. "One Good Reason" Feat. Bruce Turgon & Brad Whitford
9. "Head On Straight" Feat. Davey Pattison & Marc Bonilla
10. "I'm Not Lying" Feat. Gregg Rolie, Tom Gimbel & Lawrence Gowan
Ronnie Montrose Montrose Deluxe Edition Track Listing:
Disc One: Original Album Remastered
1. "Rock The Nation"
2. "Bad Motor Scooter"
3. "Space Station #5"
4. "I Don't Want It"
5. "Good Rockin' Tonight"
6. "Rock Candy"
7. "One Thing On My Mind"
8. "Make It Last"
Disc Two: Bonus Tracks
1. "One Thing On My Mind" – Demo *
2. "Shoot Us Down" – Demo *
3. "Rock Candy" – Demo *
4. "Good Rockin' Tonight" – Demo *
5. "I Don't Want It" – Demo *
6. "Make It Last" – Demo *
7. "Intro: Tom Donahue" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
8. "Good Rockin' Tonight" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
9. "Rock Candy" –Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
10. "Bad Motor Scooter" –Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
11. "Shoot Us Down" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
12. "One Thing On My Mind" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
13. "Rock The Nation" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
14. "Make It Last" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
15. "You're Out Of Time" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
16. "Roll Over Beethoven" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
17. "I Don't Want It" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1973 *
Ronnie Montrose Paper Money Track Listing:
2. "Connection"
3. "The Dreamer"
4. "Starliner"
5. "I Got The Fire"
6. "Spaceage Sacrifice"
7. "We're Going Home"
8. "Paper Money"
1. "Intro: Phil Buchanan" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
2. "I Got The Fire" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
3. "Rock Candy" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
4. "Bad Motor Scooter" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
5. "Spaceage Sacrifice" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
6. "One And A Half" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
7. "Roll Over Beethoven" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
8. "Trouble" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
9. "Space Station #5" – Live KSAN Radio Session, 1974 *
* previously unreleased
In this article: Def Leppard, Kiss, Ronnie Montrose, Sammy Hagar, Styx, Toto
Published in: New & Upcoming Releases, News
Five Rock Stars Who Are Missing Body Parts
Top 20 Rockers Over 70


HTC Incredible :: How Does Wireless Tether Work?
HTC Incredible :: .Bin To Change Wireless Tether From Ad Hoc?
HTC Incredible :: Wireless Tether / Local Access Only?
HTC Incredible :: Wireless Tether Not Allowing Other Device To Connect?
HTC Incredible :: Wireless Tether Won't Work On Newest 2.2 Leak / Solve This?
But I am running my laptop with wireless tether. I love this phone. Hopefully my batteries last.
How does wireless tether work? I know that it can receive a WiFi signal but it can also transmit one? Just curious.Also, is the new WiFi tether coming in the OTA going to be faster than the root one? The root WiFi tether is fine, but I most certainly wouldn't mind faster.
Anyone have the .bin to change wireless tether from ad hoc?
I know there was another thread on this topic that linked to the XDA forum but that thread is more about loading a specific kernel to enable AP Tether. I like Hydra's new kernels and you can do the same thing with them as well. I attempted to install the newest version of Wireless Tether from the market but it did not allow AP mode. So I found it's necessary, as verified elsewhere, to install the (wireless_tether_2_0_5-pre3.apk) version.
Once I did this and added the bin file, it worked great. WPA2 security is also included in this version. So to make it easy, I just created a zip that's already called Android.tether and has the required .apk and .bin already inside for AP Tether. This is not supported with the stock kernel, check to see if your kernel of choice supports it if you are in question. I can for sure verify the Hydra OCUV 1.113 ghz v0.8 kernels.
Finally broke down and rooted tonight.Picked up Wireless Tether from the market, had everything set kept getting limited access messages on my laptop.Did some searching and came across the solution to manually download the apk and a .bin file and put it in the android.tether directory on sd card.Was finally able to connect from my laptop.However, my connection is limited to "local only".I have tried using the access control, disabling access control, turning on encryption, disabling encryption, etc.Every time I connect, local only.I've flushed my IP info on the laptop and still local only.What do I need to do to get full access?
wireless_tether_2_0_5-pre9.apk - android-wifi-tether - Wireless Tether for Root Users 2.0.5-pre9 *** EXPERIMENTAL *** - Project Hosting on Google Code.
I got my DINC rooted last night and got wireless tether working on my computer and my iTouch, so today I went to my sisters house she has a stock DINC, I turned on my wireless tether, turned on her WiFi, it does not find anything but her home WiFi. I tried to manually input my SSID and still nothing.
So my phone is rooted. I installed the wireless tether on my phone. I ran it...turned it on and it was running but my laptop is not picking it up. I havent change any settings at all. So what do I have to do to be able to use the wireless tether on my phone with my laptop?
I just installed the leaked OTA, rooted my phone, and installed wireless tether, but now my phone will no longer switch out of 3g and into Wifi mode?
Any suggestions on how to get it to work? it used to before i switched to the newest leaked 2.2 rom (8/26 or 27 i think) with the bloatware already uninstalled.
I hate my AT&T service and want to switch to verizon. I also love my buddies n1, but I need a phone that can make a 3g hotspot. I have jail broken iphone as well as a jail broken Ipad that does the job right now. It really makes the devices worth owning I use my ipad for everything now. Anyway love the droid incredible just need to know the best phone to hotspot tether. I know I can do it with the htc imagio or what ever but who wants a windows 6.5 phone, when their are android phones available.


text:
Alternatives to Celsius Network
By Taofeek
Everyone in crypto has been talking about Celsius Network's insolvency over the last week. It is yet another in a list of spectacular collapses that have occurred since crypto's price started to crash earlier this year. But what does it mean for crypto? Where do services similar to Celsius go from here?
What is Celsius Network?
Firstly, it's important to understand exactly what they do. Celsius Network is essentially a centralised entity that manages decentralised assets.
Users could deposit their crypto with Celsius and earn a return on it, with the company itself making money in a few different ways. Unlike a truly decentralised project, Celsius is not governed by smart contracts. Instead, a team of people manages it. This allowed Celsius to invest deposited funds in many different ways.
The most fundamental part of the Celsius protocol was the money earned through lending. Celsius could pay interest to its depositors based on the higher rate of interest received from lenders. This is a sustainable model and is seen in legacy finance across the world. In fact, it is the most important function of most modern banks.
The problem arose when Celsius started collateral from the users to invest in other areas of the crypto market. It staked in Ethereum 2.0 and other protocols to earn interest.
This is not too dissimilar to how investment banks work. When the crypto market crashed and Celsius simultaneously saw much of its invested funds hacked from various protocols though, Celsius found itself without any liquidity and unable to pay out collateral to its users.
The issue with Celsius was that it was granted the same level of trust by the market as a legacy bank. However, because it managed crypto-assets, it was not subject to the same regulation. This allowed it to operate in what could undoubtedly be called an irresponsible fashion, which is what led to its demise.
Is this the end for CeDeFi?
There's no denying that the downfall of Celsius has severely impacted consumer faith in this model. The fall of Celsius, alongside a precarious crypto market, and overall negative sentiment in the macro economy means that CeDeFi will likely have further trouble ahead.
However, that does not necessarily mean the end of the model altogether. After all, this model does exist in various capacities in the traditional financial world.
As the US inches towards laying out a healthy regulatory framework for managing crypto assets, this model may again become very popular. A well-managed project can offer greater returns to its investors than traditional DeFi models.
Let's have a look at three of the projects that could serve as alternatives to Celsius in the market.
Founded in 2017, Blockfi wants to build a project that can offer attractive rates while simultaneously being one of the most trusted financial service providers on the market. Although it offers returns of up to 15% on some crypto assets, returns on major cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum stand at a much more sustainable 3%.
US MetaMask Users can now Buy ETH through PayPal
US-based MetaMask users can now buy Ethereum through PayPal – thanks to a software integration. The feature is still rolling out. The popular wallet provider
GameStop Slashes its Staff Numbers Including Crypto Team
Former employees from the US-based gaming retail giant say that another layoff season has arrived, and members from its crypto wallet team have been cut
What is the Blockchain Trilemma?
The Blockchain trilemma refers to the popular belief that a blockchain can only offer two of scalability, decentralisation, and security at the same time. This
Blockfi has no minimum deposit requirement and also allows users to choose what currency their interest payments are paid in. This provides a great way to diversify a crypto portfolio. On top of that, US residents can use the BlockFi rewards credit card to earn Bitcoin whenever they make a payment.
YouHodler
YouHodler is another crypto loan service, this one starting out in 2017. Operating out of Switzerland, YouHodler is designed to appeal to crypto newcomers. It even provides a detailed guide to allow individuals to exchange funds easily. All in all, YouHodler provides one of the most user-friendly experiences in the crypto space.
Made famous by Matt Damon's Super Bowl half-time ad, crypto.com allows individuals to buy, sell, trade, and spend over 100 different cryptocurrencies. Crypto.com can offer up to 12% APY on certain assets stored on the system.
Like BlockFi, it offers a credit card to make crypto payments easily. Crypto.com also features a non-custodial wallet which would protect investors from many of the issues encountered by Celsius.
As we've said, it's currently not a great time for the CeDeFi model. However, things have bounced back from worse in the crypto world. When MtGox was hacked, it was proclaimed as the end of centralised exchanges in crypto. Over the last few years, they have grown bigger than ever.
What comes next will be a defining period for for crypto. As the macro economy recovers, and a healthy regulatory framework begins to be laid, the best projects in crypto will likely see their patience rewarded.
With low trading fees and returns on deposited funds, Ccntralised projects like BlockFi and the others are likely to continue to provide a vital service to the crypto market.
We hope this has been helpful! Check our blog for more features and the latest news in crypto and blockchain.
alternatives to celsius, alternatives to celsius network, bitcoin, celsius, celsius netork, crypto, cryptocurrency, ethereum
Taofeek
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Chef Vee as usual, comes with his magical fingers into the Wake Up Nigeria kitchen and today, November 21, he taught us how to prepare Liver Masala and Sweet Potatoes. According to him, Masala is an Hindu word for a mix of spices such as ginger, garlic, nutmeg or more.
Wash your liver with warm water, turn it into cold water, sieve it and then with little thyme, curry, pepper and salt for about 7 minutes.
It is important to note that sweet potato is one of the most nutritious food items in the world. It helps to boost fertility, prevent cancer and is very affordable. In addition, it helps to manage diabetes as well as your stress level. It also helps with the regulation of digestion.
The video below shows the simple steps for preparing the Masala and Potatoes Recipe.


text:
| Resources | Magnum Opus International Speech and Drama Competition
For the purposes of clarity, the following terms are identified.
"Language most shows a man,
speak that I may see thee."
— Ben Jonson
Associate: has the same meaning as "Travel Companion."
Competition: expressly meant to cover the portion of Magnum Opus during which Entrants submit materials for adjudication, and from which Winners are chosen.
Competition Categories: Please consult the "Categories" section under "Entries" for details.
Entrant: the person who is entering the Magnum Opus International Speech and Drama Competition.
Fees: there are two types: Entry and Showcase. The Entry Fee applies to all Entrants; the Showcase Fee applies only to Winners.
Festival: the entirety of the Magnum Opus International Speech and Drama Competition and Showcase as an event; and by extension the staff who administer and run the event.
International: regarding Entrants, is to mean outside of Canada.
Magnum Opus: the entirety of the Magnum Opus International Speech and Drama Competition and Showcase as an event; and by extension the staff who administer and run the event.
Non-Original: any material that is not wholly and personally written by the Entrant.
Original: any material that is wholly and personally written by the Entrant.
Participant: to include both Entrant and Winner, and by extension parents/guardians and Associates, where applicable.
Showcase, the: expressly meant to cover the portion of Magnum Opus at which successful entrants perform live on stage at the Venue.
Society, the: the Foresight Leadership Foundation non-profit society.
Travel Companion: any person directly associated with a Winner who is required to travel, or who chooses to travel, to the Festival.
Venue, the: the actual, but not necessarily the intended, performance space so identified by Magnum Opus where the live performances by Winners are to take place.
Winner: an Entrant whose submission is adjudicated successfully and who will move forward in the process to perform the submitted performance piece at the Winners' Showcase (includes the identified adult who may by proxy make decisions for and speak on behalf of the Winner).
It is the responsibility of all participants to read and comply with all rules governing the competition, including all rules and policies in force at the venue for the showcase if selected to perform as a Winner.
"There are only two
types of speakers in the world.
1. The nervous and
2. Liars."
Any questions or matters not referred to under these Rules and Guidelines may be dealt with by the Society and decided upon by its Board of Directors. The objectives of the Society will be the basis for these decisions. The decision of the Society on all matters pertaining to the interpretation of the Rules, Guidelines and administrative procedures is final.
Magnum Opus will regularly review the rules for the Competition and present possible changes to a General Meeting of the Society. Changes that clarify wording will come into effect when passed. Changes that adversely affect Entrants whose applications are currently in process will not be enforceable until after said Entrant's application and involvement is completed.
All correspondence for matters stated above should be mailed to:
Foresight Leadership Foundation
5635 Dunbar Street
V6N 1W5
A Note about Copyright
It is not necessary to forward original copies when submitting entries, but it is necessary to list title, author(s), publisher, and edition information on the Application form.
Unauthorized copies of copyrighted material are not permitted. Entrants attempting to use unauthorized copies of copyrighted material will be disqualified. Photocopies will not be accepted. Downloads will be accepted with proof of purchase.
Magnum Opus takes the issue of copyright infringement seriously. So, we reiterate: Entrants must submit a typed, typographically accurate copy of said material; and, Finalists must bring original publications to the Festival, as well as a typed, accurate hardcopy of the same.


text:
7 films you didn't know Michael Shannon was in
While he might now be known as the go-to guy for cinematic intensity, Michael Shannon hasn't always been do recognisable. Before he struck big with roles in Boardwalk Empire and this summer's Man of Steel, he spent years toiling away in the background.
To remind you of this, we've found seven examples of films you didn't realise Shannon was lurking in. Gawp away.
(Images: All Star, YouTube)
Character: Lt Gooz Wood
In all fairness, you might have been sleeping through this part. Staying awake throughout this three-hour epic failure would be a monumental waste of energy. In the middle of a large cast, Shannon starred as a pilot alongside a rather uncomfortably American Ewan Bremner.
Character: Greg Buehl
Showcasing some of the menace that we'd come to expect in his work, Shannon cropped up in this hit hip-hop drama as Kim Basinger's abusive boyfriend. The film does boast the curious sight of watching General Zod get his ass handed to him by Eminem.
Shannon In Groundhog from Reel Clerk on Vimeo.
Character: Fred
One of those "no way" inclusions, Shannon's first big screen role saw him play an excitable newlywed who finds himself indebted to Bill Murray. After watching this, it's hard to imagine the depraved acts we'd end up seeing Shannon do on screen later in his career...
Character: Floyd Poteet
If you've endured this very loud sequel once then you're probably thinking that there's very little reason to give it another watch. You'd mostly be right but buried in the middle of a very loud scene lies a surprising turn from Shannon as a Klu Klux Klan member. Handily, you can see him in the clip above, therefore preventing you from ever seeing the entire film again.
Kangaroo Jack
Character: Frankie Lombardo
Looking back on his career, Shannon will probably choose to casually ignore mentioning his pre-fame role as a bad guy in this critically reviled kids movie. The silver lining? A fully famous Christopher Walken also starred.
Character: Marine Sgt. Dave Karnes
Nearing the end of his era as "that guy who crops up in stuff", Shannon was part of the large ensemble cast of Oliver Stone's underwhelming tribute to the heroes of 9/11. It might have made double the amount that United 93 made but it had less impact on critics.
Before The Devil Knows You're Dead
A Settlement
Character: Dex
Graduating from "guy who thanks Bill Murray" to "guy who threatens Ethan Hawke", this hugely acclaimed crime thriller saw Shannon land a plum supporting role alongside Hawke and Philip Seymour Hoffman. But yeah, we totally forgot he was in it as well.


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text:
Conductors Without Borders, a sustainable programme for technical and musical training
By: Thierry Thiébaut
In: IFCM News
Thierry Thiébaut, President ofÀ Cœur Joie International
The idea for the Conductors Without Borders (CWB) project came into being at the 2006 World Assembly of Choral Conductors Associations (WACCA), which was held in Buenos Aires and was organised by the ADICORA Federation.
Subsequent to the debates which unfolded there, it occurred to certain attending associations that, in many countries, choral singing lacks organisations that teach choir management. Such a call on behalf of conductors required a satisfactory response. The need to establish a network for these conductors was also made clear.
A planning committee dedicated to carrying out the project was set up and convened in Caracas in November 2007 upon Maria Guinand's invitation. Alberto Grau, Daniel Garavano, Thomas Caplin, George Vance, André de Quadros and Thierry Thiébaut also attended the event. The objectives of the conference were laid out as follows: choral singing establishes the values of solidarity, respect, tolerance and communication amongst people. Choral singing, as a lingua franca, forms harmonious exchanges between individuals and unites them as members of a more efficient society. In such a manner, it contributes towards the establishment of peaceful relations.
Building on these observations, a general outline for the project's operation has been decided. It is to be based upon the mutual gain received by the founders as much as by the target beneficiaries: sharing knowledge and expertise; training conductors with due consideration given to their local environment; preparation, should it be necessary, to become local instructors themselves; collaborations with teaching organisations in order to create community and cooperation between locals; establishment of ties and connections between countries with a view to overcoming potential socio-cultural, political and religious conflicts.
Lubumbashi
It goes without saying that taking the local context into account is vital. To assure this, the project must be sufficiently flexible and must remain very much open to change in accordance with the demands of future local developments. In terms of situational context, there is obviously a large degree of disparity from one country to the next, and from one continent to the next. Considering this, three key geographical areas have been highlighted for implementing the program: South and Central America, the Middle-East and South-East Asia, the African continent. Having spent time in Côte d'Ivoire, I've offered to assume responsibility for coordinating the program on the African continent. A Cœur Joie International comprises eight francophone federations there: Morocco, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Benin, Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The Conductors Without Borders project is not limited to French-speaking Africa. To date, contacts have been made and active steps taken in Ghana, Nigeria and Kenya. The population of Africa will double by 2050! Choral singing is widespread in the sub-Saharan part of the continent. Islam doesn't practise polyphony. Its spirituality protects a musical expression faithful to tradition. Psalmody with respect to the Quran maintains a rich monody which has always also been a feature of secular music. With the exception of Morocco, Senegal and, to a lesser extent, Nigeria, in which the Muslim religion by far predominates, the other countries in which we have developed the program have an essentially Christian culture. There, polyphony has burgeoned naturally. For example, the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kinshasa, has around 12 million inhabitants and boasts around two thousand choirs. Sadly, music classes are distinctly absent and conductors are unable to take part in choir management training or access international repertoires.
Libreville, Gabon
The Conductors Without Borders project seemed a perfect fit for the purpose of providing training for choirmasters, an activity which is almost always organised in parishes, each being able to accommodate four to eight choirs. This, in turn, guarantees a plenitude of weekend services. Repertoires draw heavily from religious inspiration, whether they are indigenous compositions in a local dialect (there are almost five hundred in the Congo!), or inherited from classical repertoire or Western hymns. Bach and Handel jostle it out for the top spot and the "Hallelujah" chorus from Messiah frequently rounds off service performances. Only certain English-speaking countries on the continent have musical education centres in their universities (in Ghana and Kenya most particularly, of those countries in which we have an active presence). The quality of choirs typically suffers as a result of this shortage.
Since 2010, professional conductors from Europe and North America have generously offered to spend time helping with the development of the program started by the International Federation of Choral Music (IFCM). Following two cycles of three years in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi, the DRC now has five Congolese instructors who have been able to take the reins of training within the 2,345,000 km² country. Togo and Côte d'Ivoire, to a lesser degree, are beginning to train their own conductors, too. But singers also need to be taught to read music. The "sol-fa" technique introduced by missionaries presents a hurdle to regular solfège-style note-reading. Africans, through their culture, have a highly developed auditory memory but the notes on a score are not much help to them initially.
We regularly bring booklets on our missions to hand out to singers in a given choir for the purpose of training. Such booklets contain polyphonies that we will be working on. I've noticed that some of them copy out the lyrics to songs and stick them in the booklet… over the musical notes! "Notes are a pain," they tell me. The melody line need usually only be sung once or twice in order to be memorised and reproduced without fault, if care is taken to avoid any chromaticism typically absent in their own music.
As for conductors, who are culturally more accustomed to their own ethnic rhythms and harmonies, they soon realise that more exaggerated signals help to bring about the desired results. Preliminary work on the sheet music, prior to repetitions, has proven useful to conductors in yielding more efficient repetition. Voices generally have huge potential and can be very beautiful. They also require work on volume. Demand, in that respect, too, is very strong, but without the permanent in-house presence of a vocal coach, the task is no mean feat.
Often, conditions for work on repetitions aren't conducive to a good standard of work. Compounding the relentless heat throughout the year (air-conditioning is a luxury!), facilities which are ventilated naturally by breezes suffer from high levels of external noise. Classrooms equipped with cumbersome furniture which can't be disassembled, such as study desks, or situated next to school playgrounds sometimes make sessions difficult.
Securing financial means locally also presents a great deal of difficulty. Ministries for culture and education seldom have budgets set aside for this type of training. Owing to its general dependence on parishes, ministries don't consider choral activity to be their responsibility. In certain countries, we have to resort to seeking support from embassy cultural services, which are dependant on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in francophone countries. Patronage from businesses is marginal at best. The Vivendi Create Joy Fund is currently the only one of its kind to support work with children's choirs in Cameroon. Private support and international choral federations contribute to the extent of their means. English-speaking countries with universities occasionally offer lodging to tutors. Financial contributions from trainee conductors is understandably dependant on a country's standard of living and could only hope, at best, to cover a modest fraction of the cost of organised sessions. Nonetheless, when a training cycle has begun, it's important to be able to complete it so as not to impede the development of local tutors.
The improvement generated by conductors who undergo training can be astonishing. One of them – the choir Vox Disposa of Kinshasa, directed by a local tutor trained by the CWB program – was able, thanks to the support of the Chinese embassy, to compete in the 13th China International Chorus Festival in Beijing, held last summer. They obtained the prize for 3rd place along with a distinction for best conductor. The Young African Choir, founded four years ago, brought together some forty young singers ranging in age between 16 and 25, and who hailed from eight different African nations, performed at the Vaison-la-Romaine Choralies Festival (France) in August 2016. They were directed by one of the trainees taught by the CWB program.
When young people sing together, it is also tomorrow's peace which is being sculpted. "When voices unite, hearts are ready to understand one another" (César Geoffray, founder of the À Cœur Joie International Movement for Choral Music).
Translated by Samuel Hemsworth, Poland
Edited by Karin Rockstad, USA
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Why is the Chevy Equinox such a sought after SUV in Clarksville? The Equinox is a small SUV that is a joy to drive and fuel-efficient. You will save on gas with the Equinox's estimated 40 MPG on the open road. You can select from three different engines with up to 252hp so you can get all the power you need. With up to 63.5 cubic feet of storage and seats for up to five passengers, the Chevrolet Equinox has space for you, your family, and all of your stuff. Search our inventory of new Chevy Equinoxes in Clarksville and choose the color and options that are right for you. Call us at (888) 332-5601 with any questions you might have about test driving an Equinox.


The Rico Industries Houston Astros Black Economy Grill Cover keeps your outdoor equipment protected throughout the year. It is constructed of strong vinyl and displays your favorite team logo on one side.
This Houston Astros Grill Cover has Velcro closures to keep it securely in place even through windy conditions. Officially licensed, it makes a wonderful gift for all fans.