The way we engage with money is undergoing a metamorphosis. In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, people all over the world have begun to question the stability of international monetary system. Meanwhile, advances in computing have continued on their exponential path and new technologies like the blockchain have arrived on the scene. The result? A growing wave of currency innovation that's providing more direct and inclusive ways to exchange value. Here, Seadna Quigley and Gerard Roemers explore the emergence of alternative currencies and the role they can play in enabling a more sustainable, circular economy, as well as some useful tips on how to navigate this new economic realm.
We live in paradoxical times. Collectively, we are wealthier than ever before, but this wealth is concentrated in ever fewer hands. And although the economy continues to grow, it has become increasingly prone to shattering financial crises which disproportionately affect the poor and middle class.
There is growing consensus that this is a direct consequence of the way our current financial system is designed. Our euros and dollars are based on interest-bearing debt. This interest incentivizes speculation and rent-seeking (i.e. earning profits without providing any benefit to society), and has fuelled the 'financialization' of our economy. The result is a lack of money flowing through the productive economy, where it can facilitate genuine wealth creation by joining supply and demand. Instead, consumers bear the burden of exponentially increasing interest payments through inflation. When the financial sector grows faster than the "real" economy, this causes bubbles in financial markets, which in turn increases the risk of recessions. To give you an indication, just before the financial crisis of 2008, the total exposure (i.e. the amount of money that is at risk of loss) of the financial sector was 40 to 45 percent of America's national income, and the total exposure of Deutsche Bank, Germany's largest investment bank, was 50 times Germany's national income.
When we have experienced system collapse in the past, independent, local currencies have popped up repeatedly, helping to link supply and demand in a way that traditional currencies failed to do, and allowing local economies to rebound quickly from the financial crisis that ensued. However, apart from a few notable exceptions, these experiments with local currencies were inevitably outlawed by governments and central banks. Today, as such shocks become more common, alternative currencies provide an essential opportunity for local and regional economies to regain some degree of control – and consequently, greater resilience.
The evolution of the alternative currencies we see today is primarily enabled by new technologies (the internet, smartphones, electronic peer-to-peer systems etc.) that democratize and decentralize the transaction process. Organizations and communities can build alternative currency systems on their own terms, and it is now possible to design local, regional, or functional currencies that go back to the basics of what money is supposed to do: facilitate trade that generates wealth. Unlike fiat currency (government-issued money such as the euro or dollar), these currencies are not backed by debt, which leaves no room for speculation or rent-seeking.
The unique characteristics of alternative currencies could help fuel the transition to a circular economy, defined by Metabolic's seven pillars. Firstly, complementary alternative currencies can increase the resilience of economies by supplying local and regional economies with a more reliable means of exchange during times of economic turbulence. Secondly, because they are not based on interest-bearing debt, alternative currencies don't encourage speculation or rent-seeking. Instead, they facilitate local value creation, resulting in a more inclusive and equitable society, and more empowered local communities. And thirdly, complementary currencies stimulate sustainable business models.
The types of alternative currencies that we are most interested in for the purposes of the circular economy come in roughly two forms: local or regional currencies and functional currencies. Local currencies are aimed at stimulating a local economy by driving community engagement, supporting independent, local businesses, and encouraging more sustainable supply chains. Successful examples of local currencies are the Bristol Pound, the Brixton Pound, the Utrechtse Euro. These currencies are often issued by local municipalities, can be bought by residents, and are intended to be spent only at local businesses, encouraging a thriving local economy. The Swiss WIR, which is based on a so-called mutual-credit system, was set up by two businessmen during the Great Depression. In such a system, money is generated in a completely decentralised way by the participants, making the system resilient to outside forces. This is also the case with TimeBanking, which issues Time Dollars to participating volunteers for every hour of work, which they can exchange for discounts on local products and services.
Functional currencies, on the other hand, are not limited by geographical scope, but rather by certain functional characteristics. This alternative form of value exchange focuses on enabling a desired behaviour, and could become one of the most powerful enablers of the transition to a circular economy. Good examples of functional currencies driving circularity agendas include the United Economy, a mutual-credit initiative by Triodos Bank, where members buy into certain 'rules' that promote the circulation of money in socially and environmentally sustainable initiatives; Wasted Plastic, where local inhabitants in Amsterdam Noord can exchange their plastic waste for tokens which they can exchange for discounts and offers at local entrepreneurs; and Jouliette, set up by one of Metabolic's spin-offs, Spectral, a blockchain-based energy sharing token at De Ceuvel in Amsterdam.
Money has been around for centuries, and for good reason: it's an essential ingredient for facilitating trade of different types of products between a large number of people, going right back to the days when Romans used gold and silver. Because of this, our money represents an important incentive structure within our economy, making it one of the most effective levels at which to intervene in a system. Small tweaks in the way we use it can have huge effects on the way we do business.
The rules of an economy, including the way money is created and used, define the behaviour of its actors. If local and functional currencies are adopted at a larger scale, they can be an important force in the transition to a circular economy. Currencies can be designed in such a way that they create direct feedback loops between financial gains and the sustainable use of scarce resources. The Jouliette and Wasted do this by rewarding the production of resources like renewable energy and plastic recycling, thus creating incentive structures for sustainable behavior and a positive feedback loop that results in an increasingly sustainable economy.
It is important to note that alternative currencies are not necessarily intended to replace traditional (fiat) currencies entirely, but instead act in conjunction with fiat currencies, facilitating local trade that fiat currencies are less suitable for. Thus, in the future there may be dozens of complementary currencies circulating in the economy at the same time, each serving a different purpose. Most existing alternative currency initiatives are still relatively grass-roots, but their initial success has already shown how they could one day contribute to a fairer and more sustainable world.
Define your goals: Clearly define the overarching outcomes that you want to achieve and the behaviours you want to stimulate with your currency.
Use a holistic framework: Consider using a framework such as our seven pillars to check your concept and avoid any negative unintended consequences or problem shifting.
Engage the community: Listen to your community's needs and create engagement early on. Alternative currencies are difficult to get off the ground, and a lot depends on citizen engagement and commitment by key stakeholders – whether local shops, utilities, or municipalities – to facilitate a currency's value.
Experiment and evolve: Be prepared to be flexible and ready to evolve in response to future needs. Alternative currencies are being experimented with in countless new contexts all over the world, and valuable learnings can be found within the 'living labs' already innovating in this space.
Metabolic will continue to work with partners and clients to accelerate progress towards a circular economy. Contact us to learn more!


He is the Subsecretary of Creative Economy for the Government of the City of Buenos Aires. Enrique is also responsible for the Metropolitan Center for Design. The Subsecretariat of Creative Economy develops programs that support entrepreneurs, creative industries, science and technology in the City of Buenos Aires. He has a Bachelors in International Studies, Maters in Administration and Public Policy and is currently coursing a Masters in Content Development. He regularly participates in conferences and international events. He has also been a judge in prestigious international awards of design.


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Bioreactors come in a variety of shapes and sizes from small glass reactors for research applications to large stainless steel reactors for production. Measuring and controlling dissolved oxygen and pH is a critical part of the biotech process, and specifying the right process conditions when ordering the mass flow controllers is important for optimal process control.
Mass flow controllers (MFCs) have a flow sensor, integral control valve and on-board PID control electronics. The MFCs are sized, calibrated and tuned for the application based on the gas, flow rate and pressure conditions. It is important to specify the actual inlet and outlet pressure conditions that the MFC will "see". This requires some attention to pressure drops, back pressure and pressure regulator "droop". If the differential pressure is lower or different than specified, the device may not be able to achieve full flow and/or the valve tuning may not be optimized.
When specifying the inlet pressure to the device, it's important to consider any pressure drop between the pressure regulator and the MFC. Any piping, elbows, valves and fittings will cause pressure drop which results in a lower pressure at the inlet of the MFC versus what comes out of the regulator. Any pressure drop in the line should be taken into consideration to be sure you are specifying the actual pressure at the inlet of the MFC, not the pressure at the outlet of the regulator.
The back pressure on the MFC must also be specified. Back pressure is often specified as atmospheric pressure, but this may not be accurate. The bioreactor may be close to atmospheric pressure but there is likely some small positive pressure in the reactor. The outlet of the MFC feeds the bioreactor and typically has a filter in between that creates some back pressure. All of this leads to a non-atmospheric back pressure on the MFC, typically 2 or 3 PSIG.
Another consideration is the inlet pressure regulator. Biotech gas delivery systems typically use a pressure regulator set at 30 PSIG, give or take 5 PSI. Depending on the flow rate and quality of the pressure regulator, when the MFC is given a set point and starts controlling flow, the pressure from the regulator may drop by 5-10 PSI. This is called pressure regulator "droop". If there is droop, the inlet pressure at the MFC may be less than expected resulting in an improperly sized and/or tuned control valve. Using a high-quality regulator can help to avoid this issue.
Understanding the actual real-time pressure conditions and communicating that information during the specifying and order process will ensure that the mass flow controller is properly sized and tuned for the application. Brooks Instrument has a full range of mass flow controllers to satisfy the many types of bioreactors. In fact, part of our long history serving this market is the result of optimizing the performance of our MFCs by duplicating the customer's specified conditions during device calibration and valve tuning. Our goal at Brooks is that your MFCs function at peak performance in your bioreactor process!
Howard is a senior applications engineer at Brooks Instrument.


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Bluetooth wireless adapters are built-in to phones and PCs or low cost USB Bluetooth adapters can be simply plugged in but these are designed for communication distances of up to 10 metres (30 feet) at most. Is it possible to use Bluetooth at longer ranges, in 100's of metres?
Yes, it is but with some limitations. First, what are the strengths of Bluetooth wireless? It was designed primarily as a point-to-point communication method although you can set up a Bluetooth network with up to seven devices in it. However, for network solutions, WiFi is a better bet as it is a designed as a networking protocol. WiFi is also much better for large data transfers, such as video.
Bluetooth has lower power requirements than WiFi and initial setup is faster especially if you want to keep two devices paired with each other. Once the initial pairing us done, further communications are simple. Bluetooth wireless works by using profiles and different device classes use different profiles. Most USB Bluetooth adapters support nearly all profiles, whereas a serial to Bluetooth adapter will only support Serial Port profile.
The key to long range signals is the output power and the antenna that is fitted. The more powerful the antenna, the longer the range but this must apply to both ends of the link. It is no good having a powerful Bluetooth transmitter with a large antenna at one end and expect to talk at long range to a tiny headset with a built-in antenna.
Sena Bluetooth adapters have powerful transmitters and a separate antenna connector so that different antenna can be fitted.
With the standard stub antenna supplied, transmission distances of 300 metres (1000 feet) can be achieved but this will be reduced by obstacles like walls. If the optional dipole antenna is fitted, ranges of up to 500 metres (1600 feet) are realistic. Bluetooth is a high frequency wireless protocol (2.4GHz), which means that the coverage can have dead spots but rotating the antenna or moving it slightly can overcome this.
Typical long range applications are a connection to another unit with a serial port and Sena supply a long range serial to Bluetooth adapter with the same antenna options. This means that a long range Bluetooth link can easily be established for applications like solar panel monitoring or remote greenhouse control.
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Home > Environment & Living >Immigration
Regulations on Examination and Approval of Permanent Residence of Aliens in China
(Approved by the State Council on December 3, 1986, promulgated by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on December 27,1986, amended with the approval of the State Council on July 13, 1994 and promulgated by the Ministry of the Public Security and the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs on July 15, 1994)
These Rules are formulated in accordance with Article 33 of The Law of the People's Republic of China on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens(hereinafter referred to as The Law on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens).
Chapter I Entry into the Country
Chapter II Inspection of the Entry and Exit Certificates
Chapter III Residence
Chapter IV Registration for Lodging
Chapter V Travels
Chapter VI Exit from the Country
Chapter VII Penalties
Chapter VIII Other Provisions
Entry into the Country
For entry into China, aliens shall apply for visas from Chinese diplomatic missions, consular posts or other resident agencies abroad authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Aliens who hold ordinary passports issued by countries which have diplomatic relations or official trade contacts with China as well as letters or telegrams from authorized organization in China, may, under any of the following circumstances where they must necessarily rush to China but have no time for visa application to the aforesaid agencies, apply for visas to the visa-granting agency at the entry port as authorized by the Ministry of Public Security:
(1) they are invited at the last moment by a Chinese host to come to China for a trade fair;
(2) they are invited to China to make a tender or to formally sign an economic or trade contract;
(3) they come to China by appointment to supervise an export shipment, inspect an import commodity or to participate in a check-and-accept operation in accordance with contracts;
(4) they are invited to participate in the installation of equipment or in the emergency repair of an engineering project;
(5) they come to China at the request of the Chinese side to solve a problem of claims;
(6) they are invited to come to provide technical advisory services;
(7) they come to China due to a last-minute change in the composition of a visiting group which took place after the visa had been granted to the group and which is approved by the Chinese side;
(8) they come to China to see patients in critical conditions, or to undertake funeral matters;
(9) owing to force majeure, persons in immediate transit cannot leave the country within 24 hours by taking the original plane, or have to change to other means of transport for leaving the country; or
(10) they are invited to China for other matters, and really have no time to apply for visa to the aforesaid Chinese resident agencies abroad but hold letters or telegrams from the designated competent authorities that give the consent for them to apply for visa from the visa-granting agency at the entry port.
Visa-granting agencies at entry ports shall not handle visa applications of aliens who do not come under the aforesaid circumstances.
Visa-granting agencies at entry ports, as authorized by the Ministry of Public Security, are stationed at the following ports: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Dalian, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Xi'an, Guilin, Hangzhou, Kunming, Guangzhou (Baiyun Airport), Shenzhen(Luohu, Shekou) and Zhuhai (Gongbei).
Different categories of visa, such as diplomatic, courtesy, service and ordinary visas, shall be issued to different aliens in accordance with the different status in which they visit China and the different categories of passport they hold.
According to the stated purpose of aliens' visit to China, the ordinary visas shall be marked with certain Chinese phonetic letters:
(1) D visa to aliens who come to China for permanent residence;
(2) Z visa to aliens and their accompanying family members who come to China for a post or employment;
(3) X visa to aliens who come to China to study, to engage in advanced studies, or to do fieldwork, for a period of 6 months or more;
(4) F visa to aliens who are invited to China for a visit, investigations, giving lectures, doing business, carrying out scientific, technical or cultural exchanges, or for short-term advanced studies or fieldwork, etc. for a period of not exceeding 6 months;
(5) L visa to aliens who come to China for sightseeing or visiting relatives or for other private purposes (group visa may be issued to a group of nine or more aliens on a sightseeing trip to China);
(6) G visa to aliens passing through China;
(7) C visa to train attendants, airline crews and seamen and their accompanying family members in international operations; and
(8) J-1 visa to aliens who come to China as a resident correspondent, whileJ-2 visa to foreign correspondents who come to China for covering special events.
Aliens applying for visas shall provide such pertinent information as requested and go through the following procedures:
(1) to present a valid passport or a certificate that can be used as a passport;
(2) to fill in a visa application form and hand in recent frontal hatless half-length passport-size photos; and
(3) to present, for examination, documents of certification pertaining to the purposes of entry or transit application.
The documents of certification as mentioned in Item (3) of Article 5 of these Rules refer to:
(1) in applying for D visa, the permanent residence confirmation form, which may be applied for by the applicant himself or through his relatives in China to the entry-exit control department of the public security bureau of the city or county where the applicant is to reside;
(2) in applying for Z visa, documents of certification issued by the sponsor or employer organization in China indicating the engagement or employment, or letter or telegram sent by an authorized organization;
(3) in applying for X visa, documents of certification issued by the receiving organization or by the competent department concerned;
(4) in applying for F visa, a letter or telegram sent by an authorized organization;
(5) in applying for L visa for a tourist trip in China, a certificate of reception from a Chinese tourist service, and when necessary, the flight, train or ship ticket for the country(region) of destination after leaving China;
(6) in applying for G visa, a valid visa for entering the country(region) of destination, or through tickets in case such a visa is exempt;
(7) in applying for C visa, the relevant documents of certification that should be presented according to the agreements concerned; and
(8) in applying for J-1 or J-2 visa, documents of certification issued by the competent department concerned.
Aliens who are to come to China for permanent residence or for residence of one year or more shall in addition, in applying for entry visas, produce for examination a health certificate issued by a medical institution designated by the government of the country of their current residence or one issued by any other medical institution and certified by a notary public. The health certificate shall be valid for 6 months from the date of issue.
Aliens coming under the following categories shall not be permitted to enter China:
(1) those who are expelled by the Chinese Government whose term of no-entry has not yet expired;
(2) those who are considered prone to terrorist or subversive activities or violence after entering the country;
(3) those who are considered prone to smuggling, prostitution or drug trafficking after entering the country;
(4) those who suffer from mental disorder, or infectious diseases such as leprosy, AIDS, venereal diseases or contagious tuberculosis, etc.;
(5) those who lack the means to support themselves financially while staying in China; and
(6) those who are considered prone to other activities, after entering the country, which shall jeopardize the security and interests of the country.
Aliens may be exempt from going through the procedures for obtaining a transit visa if they hold a through ticket and have booked seats on international airliners flying immediately through China and will stay in the transit city for not exceeding 24 hours without leaving the airport; aliens who wish to leave the airport shall apply to the border inspection office for stopover permits.
When a vessel in international service anchors at a Chinese port, the foreign crew members and their accompanying family members shall, when wishing to disembark without leaving the port city, apply to the border inspection office for disembarkation permits, and, for lodging permits, when wishing to stay overnight on land. Those who, with justification, wish to go to places beyond the port city or are unable to leave the country by the original vessel shall apply to the local public security bureau for appropriate visas.
Inspection of the Entry and Exit Certificates
Aliens shall, upon arrival at a Chinese port, present to the border inspection office for examination their valid passport with visa and other relevant certificates issued by the Chinese government, and fill in entry-exit cards. They may enter the country after the border inspection office has examined, approved and stamped their certificates.
Upon arrival of a foreign aircraft or vessel at a Chinese port, the persons in charge shall fulfill the following obligations:
(1) the aircraft commander, the captain or their agent shall submit to the border inspection office the lists of the crew members and the passengers;
(2) they shall report, immediately upon discovery, cases of persons aboard attempting to illegally cross China's borders to the border inspection office for disposition; and
(3) they shall see that persons not permitted to enter the country leave on the original means of transport and that the expenses during the stay in China of persons who cannot promptly leave the country owing to force majeure are covered along with their travel expenses for departure.
The border inspection office shall have power to prevent the entry or exit of aliens coming under the following categories:
(1) those who do not hold valid passports, certificates or visas;
(2) those who hold forged, altered or other than their own passports or certificates;
(3) those who refuse to have their certificates examined; and
(4) those whose entry into or exit from the country shall not be permitted, as notified by the Ministry of Public Security or the Ministry of State Security.
Aliens shall, on leaving the country, present for examination their valid passports or other valid certificates as well as visas or residence permits authorizing their stay in China.
Aliens and means of transport of aliens, which are required by the visa-granting agencies to pass through designated ports, shall enter or leave the country only through the designated ports.
With respect to those aliens who are forbidden to enter the country according to Article 12 of these Rules, in the event that they are unable to return promptly by the original means of transport, the border inspection office may take necessary measures to restrict their bounds of activities, and give orders for them to leave the country by the next available means of transport.
Aliens who hold D, Z, X and J-1 visas shall, within 30 days of entry, go through the procedures with the public security bureau of the city or county where they are to reside for the residence permit for aliens or temporary residence permit for aliens. The term of validity of the aforesaid residence certificates shall be the time limits of the authorized stay in China for the certificate holder.
The residence permit for aliens shall be issued to those who will stay in China for a period of one year or more.
The temporary residence permit for aliens shall be issued to those who will stay in China for a period of less than one year.
Aliens who hold F, L, G, and C visas may stay in China within the time limits as their visas indicate, without the necessity to obtain the residence certificate.
In applying for residence certificates, aliens shall provide such information as requested and complete the following procedures:
(1) to present for examination their passports, visas and documents of certification pertaining the purpose of their residence;
(2) to fill in the residence application form; and
(3) where applying for the residence permit for aliens, to present for examination their health certificate together with their recent frontal hatless half-length passport-size photos.
The term of validity of the residence permit for aliens shall be one to five years, which shall be decided according to the purpose of residence of the alien by the public security bureau of the city or county.
To aliens who satisfy the requirements as provided in Article 14 of the Law on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens, the public security organ may grant long-term residence permit ranging from one to five years, and a permanent residence permit, to those with meritorious performance.
Aliens exempt from visa under the agreement between China and the relevant country shall, where they wish to stay in China for a period of 30days or longer, apply for the residence certificate after entry, in accordance with Article 16 and 17 of these Rules.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to aliens as mentioned in Article 34 of the Law on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens.
Aliens who need to prolong their stay or residence in China beyond the expiration of their visas or residence certificates shall apply for an extension before the expiration of their visas or certificate.
In the event that any alien, while staying in China, is found to have suffered any of the diseases as mentioned in Item (4) of Article 7 of these Rules, the Chinese competent authorities of public health may suggest to the public security organ that the alien in question be ordered to advance his date of exit from China.
In case of any changes in the entries (name, nationality, occupation or status, place of work, address, passport number and accompanying children, etc.) of the residence permit for aliens, the permit holder shall, within 10 days, go through the registration procedures for the change at the public security bureau stationed at the locality of his residence.
Where any holder of the residence permit for aliens wish to move out of the city or county of residence, he shall, before moving, go through the removal registration procedures at the public security bureau stationed at the locality of his residence and, within 10 days after moving in, go through the moving-in registration procedures at the public security bureau stationed at the new locality.
An alien residing permanently in China who wishes to apply for a change of residence shall first make an application to the public security bureau at the new place of residence for a permit, and then with this permit go through the removal registration procedures in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
For the sake of national security, public order or other public interests, the municipal or county public security bureau may impose restrictions on the establishment of residences or business offices in certain areas by aliens or by foreign institutions; residences or business offices already established in the aforesaid areas under restrictions shall move to the nonrestricted areas within the time limits specified in the notice of removal issued by the municipal or county public security bureau.
Aliens residing permanently in China shall, once a year and at a prescribed time, present their residence permit for aliens to the local public security bureau for examination.
The public security bureau may, when considering it necessary, notify an alien to present his residence permit for aliens to the entry-exit control department for examination, and the alien shall do so accordingly at the time specified in the notice.
Aliens of 16 years of age or older who reside or stay in China shall carry with them their residence certificates or passports for possible examination by the police of foreign affairs.
As regards a foreign baby born in China, the baby's parents or their agent shall, within one month of the baby's birth, submit a report together with the baby's birth certificate to the local public security bureau and go through the registration procedures.
In the event that an alien dies in China, his family member, guardian or agent shall, within 3 days of the death, submit a report together with the death certificate of the deceased to the local public security bureau, and present, for cancellation, the residence certificate or visa of the deceased.
With respect to cases of aliens' unnatural deaths, the persons concerned or the discoverers shall report the cases immediately to the public security organ.
The competent authorities of the Chinese Government mentioned in Article 19 of the Law on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens refers to the Ministry of Labor of the People's Republic of China.
Registration for Lodging
Aliens who stay at such enterprises or institutions as guesthouses, hotels, inns, hostels, and schools, or at government departments, public organizations and other Chinese institutions shall produce their valid passports or residence certificates, and fill in the registration form of temporary accommodation. When seeking accommodation in an area not open to aliens, they shall produce their travel permit in addition.
Aliens who lodge with the Chinese residents shall, through the hosts or by themselves, within 24 hours of their arrival in a city or a town, submit a report to the local public security organ with their passport and other certificates and the host's residence booklet, fill in the registration form of temporary accommodation, and within 72 hours of their arrival in the countryside, report to the local police station or to the local residence registration office.
Aliens who lodge at resident foreign institutions in China or with other aliens residing in China shall through the host institutions or the hosts or by themselves, within 24 hours of their arrival, submit a report to the local public security organ with their passport or residence certificate and fill in the registration form of temporary accommodation.
Aliens having long-term residence in China who wish to lodge temporarily in a place other than their own residence shall report and register the accommodation in accordance with the provisions of Article 29, 30 and 31 of these Rules.
Aliens who accommodate in mobile lodgings shall, within 24hours, submit a report to the local public security organ. The organizations or individuals who furnish sites for aliens' mobile lodgings shall 24 hours in advance submit a report to the local public security organ.
Aliens who wish to travel in cities or counties that are not open to aliens shall apply in advance to the public security bureau of the city or county where they stay for a travel permit, and they can start for their destination only after they have obtained permission. To apply for a travel permit, aliens shall go through the following procedures:
(1) to produce for examination their passport or residence certificate;
(2) to submit certifications relating to their purpose of travel; and
(3) to fill in the travel application form.
The longest term of validity of the travel permit for aliens shall be one year, provided that it shall not exceed the term of validity of their visa or residence certificate.
When aliens who have already obtained their travel permit wish to extend the term of validity of their travel permit, to visit additional spots that are not open to aliens, or to increase the number of accompanying persons, they shall apply to the public security organ for the extension or change.
Aliens shall not enter places closed to aliens without permission.
Exit from the Country
Aliens shall leave the country within the time limits specified in their visas, or within the term of validity of their residence certificates.
Where holders of residence certificate for aliens leave and are to reenter China within the term of validity of their residence certificate, they shall, before leaving, apply to the local public security organ for a reentry visa in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 5 and 6 of these Rules.
Holders of residence certificate for aliens shall, when leaving China, present their residence certificate to the border inspection office for cancellation if they will not return to the country.
Aliens who enter or leave China illegally may be punished with a fine of 1000 to 10000 Yuan, or held in detention for 3 to 10 days, and may also concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits or be deported from the country; where the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime, they shall be investigated for the criminal responsibility according to law.
Persons in charge of means of transport or their agent who, in violation of the provisions of Article 11 of these Rules, refuse to fulfill the obligations may be punished with a fine of 1000 to 10000 Yuan, or be held in detention of 3 to 10 days.
Aliens who, in violation of the provisions of Article 16, 19 and20 of these Rules, stay in China illegally may be given a warning, or fined 500yuan for each day they stay for illegally with a maximum of 5000 Yuan, or beheld in detention of 3 to 10 days, and, where the circumstances are serious, concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits.
Aliens who violate the provisions of Article 21 and 22 of these Rules may be given a warning or punished with a fine of not exceeding 500 Yuan, and, where the circumstances are serious, concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits.
Aliens who, in violation of the provisions of Article 23 of these Rules, do not carry out decisions made by the public security organ may, in addition to being enforced to carry out the decisions, be given a warning or punished with a fine of 1000 to 10000 Yuan, and, where the circumstances are serious, concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits.
Aliens who, in violation of the provisions of Article 24 and 25of these Rules, fail to present for examination their residence permit as required, or to carry with them their passport or residence certificate, or refuse to be examined on their certificate by the police may be given a warning or punished with a fine of not exceeding 500 Yuan, and, where the circumstances are serious, concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits.
Aliens who engage in employment in China without approval of the Ministry of Labor of the People's Republic of China or departments authorized thereby may, in addition to being demanded an end to their office or employment, be punished with a fine of not exceeding 1000 Yuan, and, where the circumstances are serious, concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits.
Any organization or individual who employs aliens without permission may, in addition to being demanded an end to its/his employ, be punished with a fine of 5000 to 50000 Yuan and in addition, be ordered to bear all the expenses required for repatriating the aliens they employ without permission.
Anyone who is held responsible for, in violation of the provisions of Chapter IV of these Rules, the failure to go through the registration procedure for getting accommodation or to submit a report to the public security organ for lodging registration, or for providing accommodation to an alien who does not hold any valid certificate, may be given a warning or punished with a fine of 50 to 500 Yuan.
Aliens who, in violation of the provisions of Article 34, 36 and37 of these Rules, make a tour to an area not open to aliens without approval may be given a warning or punished with a fine of not exceeding 500 Yuan, and, where the circumstances are serious, concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits.
Aliens who forge, alter, use other than their own, transfer or traffic in visas or other certificates may, in addition to the revocation or confiscation of the original visas or other certificates with confiscation of their illegal gains, be punished with a fine of 1000 to 10000 Yuan, or held in detention of 3 to 10 days, and also concurrently be ordered to leave the country within a specified time limits, and, where the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime, be investigated for the criminal responsibility.
Those who violate the Law on Control of the Entry and Exit of Aliens and these Rules due to force majeure may be exempted from penalty.
When an alien is unable to pay a fine, the penalty may take the form of detention.
Penalties such as fines and detention provided for in this Chapter shall also be applicable to persons who are held responsible for assisting aliens to enter or leave the country illegally, causing aliens to reside or stay in China illegally, engaging or employing aliens who seek jobs without permission, or facilitating aliens without valid travel certificates in their entry into areas not open to aliens.
Persons are punished but refuse to accept the penalty of a fine or a detention imposed by the public security organ may, within 15 days of receiving the notice, appeal, directly or through the original organ that made the decision on punishment, to the public security organ at a higher level, which shall, within 15 days of receiving the appeal, make a final decision. Persons who are punished may also bring a suit directly to the local people's court.
The penalties provided for in this Chapter shall be executed by the public security organ.
Aliens who wish to apply for extension or alteration of various types of visas or certificates shall go through the following procedures:
(1) to present for examination their passports, visas and other certificates;
(2) to fill in the application form for extension or alteration; and
(3) to provide certifying documents relating to the extension or alteration.
Aliens who apply for various types of visas or certificates, or for extension or alteration of their visas or certificates, shall pay fees for visas or certificates according to the relevant provisions.
The rates of fees for various types of visas and certificates shall be separately prescribed by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Persons from a country that has signed an agreement with the Chinese government on fees for visas shall follow the relevant agreement.
Foreign children under 16 years of age who share the same passport with their parents or guardian, need not, when coming to China with their parents or guardian, go through separately the procedures for entry, transit, residence or travel.
In the event that an alien has his visa or certificates issued by the Chinese government lost or damaged, he shall promptly report to the entry-exit control department of the local public security bureau and apply for a replacement. Aliens who have lost their residence permit for aliens shall publish an announcement in a local newspaper to declare the lost permit invalid.
The format of various types of visas, certificates and application forms mentioned in these Rules shall be made out separately by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
These Rules shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
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The Jewish people celebrate a victory over a "one minute to midnight" moment
JD: But please if you will Steve talk to us about the backdrop of Israel as we talk about Purim and the book of Esther.
SH: Purim is one of three holidays or feast or special days that I call feasts of deliverance. Passover certainly one found in Leviticus and we think of Hanukkah and Purim comes from as you said the book of Esther. I always think about Purim this way there are many one minute to midnight moments for the Jewish people. Moses had a one minute to midnight moment before Faro, David before Goliath, Daniel before the lions den. We have in our history these one to midnight moments and the book of Esther really presents a one-minute to midnight moment as we think of the Jewish people on the pinnacle of death.
Haman who is advocating to wipe the Jewish people off the map and of course Jimmy this is before Jesus Christ was born the Messiah of Israel. And we think about this one minute to midnight moment if Satan had his way the Jewish people would have been extinguish and there would be no Messiah no savior and Israel would not be a state. So, the book of Esther and Purim although a minor feast for the Jewish people is major in the sense it once again shows that God is faithful to his promise to keep the Jewish people.
Ahasuerus was the ruler at the time and he had issues with his wife Vashti and that shamed him and so they had another contest a beauty contest and the Bible records the beauty contest. And of course Mordecai who's raised his cousin raised her to adulthood and she enters the contest without telling the king that she is Jewish. She wins the contest as a result is in a position to ultimately save the Jewish people when Haman really duped the king to issue a decree to destroy the Jewish people. Esther steps in and Purim is celebrated. There'd be great merriment the adults were happy. The Jewish people survived. The Jewish people lived instead of being killed in history where so many difficult periods of time this is one of the times we celebrate. We joy and I'm looking forward to that time here in Israel when we see all the kids dressed up in all different kinds of outfits as once again they'll celebrate Purim as well.
JD: Steve Herzig explaining the Jewish feasts of Purim a victory celebration for the Jewish people today.
Steve Herzig revealed the story of Purim as recorded in the book of Esther. Esther is the only Biblical book that does not mention God but the Lords presents is evident as God does protect the Jewish people from total annihilation evidence that God will protect his people the Jews until he has fulfilled his plan for his chosen people.
The Jewish people celebrate a victory over a "one ...


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female violence Archives - insideMAN
Why I'm fighting a charity that supports female domestic violence victims
November 14, 2014 by Inside MAN 1 Comment
Why would a man who wants to end violence end up fighting with a charity that helps female victims of domestic violence?
---This is article #75 in our series of #100Voices4Men and boys
I've been fighting for male victims of domestic violence in Wales to be given equal treatment by the state for around seven years. As a result, one of the organisations I cross swords with in on a regular basis is Welsh Women's Aid (WWA), a charity which has been supporting the introduction of a new bill that seeks to help women and girls in Wales, to the exclusion of men and boys.
As part of this work I co-ordinated an online petition which recently prompted WWA to send me an official letter, outlining their response to my campaign. The first thing I noticed was that the letter heading for WWA states very clearly " putting women and children first".
This raised a question for me "who comes second?". One answer is boys who, unlike girls, are excluded by WWA from refuges for victims of domestic violence from quite a younger age. WWA's letter also carried the statement and logo " children matter" and yet they makes no reference to keeping girls and boys safe from all forms of domestic violence, including abuse by their own mothers.
WWA frequently mentions the number of women killed by their partner each year but not the 60 to 70 children who are killed each year by their parents. Surely this shocking fact in connection with domestic violence should be clearly recognised by those proclaiming that " children matter"!
http://youtu.be/hBwHotMTDpY
WWA also fails to address the human suffering and distress caused by domestic violence against women ins same-sex relationships. Surely this would be a priority in " putting women first"?
Suicide amongst men is a major issue in Wales. Recent research has shown that men kill themselves after suffering domestic violence and that this could bring the number of deaths attributable to domestic violence to something like equality between men and women.
I believe that the shaming of men is contributing to these grim statistics and the WWA approach---i.e. "men second"---can only be making matters worse. I also wonder what impact the concept of "men second" may have on young Welsh boys and how young girls may feel about what is, or is not, it is an acceptable way to relate to boys.
Research by Dr Erica Bowen at Coventry University has found that it is seen to be OK to hit boys because "he probably deserves it".
In a recent paper called "women more aggressive to partners than men", given to the British Psychological Society, Dr Elizabeth Bates from the University of Cumbria said her research found that:
" … women engaged in significantly higher levels of controlling behaviour than men …. This study found that women demonstrated a desire to control their partners and were more likely to use physical aggression than men … Thissuggests that [domestic abuse] may not be motivated by patriarchal values and needs to be studied within the context of other forms of aggression, which has potential implications for interventions …"
Patriarchy theory
I find it somewhat troubling that the current policy of the Welsh government continues to be based on the neo-Marxist "patriarchal" theory, which is increasingly inappropriate to new legislation looking forward into the 21st century in Wales.
Solid, evidence based research and practice that protects children and subsequent generations from all sources of domestic abuse (including violent women) must be the central principle that guides government policy and new legislation in Wales moving forward into the 21st century.
In my view, the neo-Marxist "patriarchal" theory continues to dominate the Welsh Government's thinking as it has not undertaken to treat all victims (both men and women) "equally" in accordance with the Equality Act 2010.
Dr Amanda Robinson, who is the lead author of the report which informed the drafting of the Welsh Bill defines the neo-Marxist theory of domestic abuse as follows:
"The gender paradigm of [domestic abuse] argues that domestic violence is a result of patriarchal social systems where men are exclusively the batterers and females are exclusively the victims of male dominance and privilege."
Neo-Marxist sexism
"This Neo-Marxian model posits the masculine (bourgeoisie) as occupying the upper rungs of privilege, authority, and power over the feminine (proletariat).
"Thus, domestic violence is the physical manifestation of his social dominance as it is forcibly imposed on her submissive feminine body. Conversely, female violence is initiated reactively, purely as a form of self-defence."
In my view, female instigators of, and active participants in, domestic abuse in Wales must be recognised equally and correspondingly with male victims in order to formulate interventions that help break the generational cycle of learned dysfunctional and abusive behaviours that perpetuates domestic violence.
Violent women and male victims must not be ignored or marginalised in the formulation of new legislation in the 21st century in Wales because of blind, radicalised dogma and Marxist theories that date back to 50 to 150 years ago.
It is time for us to take a new approach.
---Picture credit: DFAT
Tony Stott campaigns for men in Wales as "Healing Men".
Filed Under: Men's Issues Tagged With: #100Voices4Men, domestic violence, female violence, Male victims domestic violence, Tony Stott, violence against men and boys, violence against women and girls
I saw two men stop a fight between two women
August 1, 2014 by Inside MAN 3 Comments
Well, we were in Brixton, and if there's one thing I know about Brixton, it's that you never have to wait too long until something kicks off.
Normally, it's a dealer or a pisshead all tanked up on crack and booze; playing out that tired old male script of frustration, rage and bravado.
This time, though, it was a different story – the fight was between women and it was two men who broke it up.
I was at the fair with an old friend, his mum and a gaggle of the family's young sons, daughters and cousins. We'd been having a picnic together under the awning of a soft drinks stand, sheltering from the muggy heat of the fair, when the thunderstorm that had been threatening all weekend suddenly burst open.
The mood began to turn
Within seconds our shelter from the sun became a refuge from the down pour and scores of people started to rush under the awning to find cover. At first, we all jostled together good-naturedly, but the down pour didn't let up and as more and more people tried to cram under the awning, the mood began to turn.
Suddenly I heard my friend's mum, who was standing next to me, shout out in indignation; I turned to see her being shoved by another woman who was standing behind her. My friend's mum, who's a tough old bird from south London, pushed herself backwards and turned to tell the woman to back off. Someone was going to get hurt.
It's what happened next that told a different story about men than the one we're used to hearing.
Without a word being exchanged, my friend – who's in his 40s – gently slid himself between the woman and his mum. At the same moment, a man holding a little girl in his arms who I hadn't noticed before, but was clearly with the other woman, said to her, "here, stand behind me", as he moved himself in front of her.
Their own bodies as a barrier
Within seconds the two arguing women had been separated by the bodies of two men. Neither men spoke or showed any aggression to each other. Both had been watching the confrontation escalate and acted on instinct to defuse the situation, using their own bodies as a barrier.
The thing is, it all seemed so natural, as if it came from a place every bit as deep as the one that makes two men square up to each other on a Brixton street corner; yet at the same time I realised it felt so contrary to what we expect of men.
To sacrifice yourself in order to protect the ones you love, is one of the most ancient rules of masculinity, yet it's an instinctive urge in men that's rarely acknowledged. What I witnessed wasn't two men asserting their egos, it was two men trying to keep the peace.
As for the woman who'd started this particular confrontation, I don't suppose she really gave a shit. In fact, she kept on shouting at my friend's mum from over the shoulder of the man who'd got in front of her.
In the end our little crew all straggled out into the rain and went home. It didn't look like either she or the rain, were going to stop anytime soon.
By Dan Bell
Have you ever come across a situation that says something profound about men, but goes against the grain of the messages we get about them? Tell us about it in a comment.
Photo courtesy: Jason Cartwright
If you liked this article and want to read more, follow us on Twitter @insideMANmag and Facebook
Also on insideMAN:
Banger racing: how men bond through beaten up body work
Unpaid care work: not just a job for the girls after all
Are boys seen as 'a problem' before they are even born?
Filed Under: Men's Insights, Uncategorized Tagged With: Articles by Dan Bell, female violence, Male violence, Men as peace keepers, yvette cooper


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Education system has been 'broken for 40 years' says Lord Coe in Dubai
Former Olympic athlete and British politician joined experts assessing future of formal learning at an event in DIFC
The Unlearn/Relearn Education conference was held at DIFC on Thursday. All photos: Antonie Robertson / The National
Patrick Ryan
A double Olympic champion and British politician has branded the global education model "broken" and called for more to be done to harness the potential of future generations.
Lord Sebastian Coe, who served as a British Member of Parliament for five years and acts as chancellor of Loughborough University in the UK, told a Dubai conference it was crucial to use technology to support children's ambitions.
Experts explored ways to better prepare pupils for a rapidly evolving workplace during the 'Unlearn/Relearn' event at Dubai Industrial Finance Centre (DIFC) on Thursday.
"The current education model is not only not working, it has been broken for 40 years," said Lord Coe, who headed the successful bid for London to host the 2012 Olympics and claimed gold in the 1,500 metre event in the 1980 and 1984 Games.
"We're going about it the wrong way. It's really not a sensible approach to decide a child's future at the age of 14.
"We have to be able to use technology to help future generations to navigate their way through their passions and interests."
The Unlearn/Relearn education conference was held in DIFC on Thursday. Antonie Robertson / The National
Dr Senthil Nathan, founder of Edu Alliance consultants, said the current "outdated" education system was too focused on providing students with degrees and diplomas rather than teaching them skills to serve them throughout their lives.
"There's still an attitude of nobody asking you about what skills you have, there's still that focus on your qualifications," he said.
"Even today, in the private sector here, all the focus is having that paper with your qualifications on it rather than particular skills.
"In today's world that doesn't get you anywhere."
Delegates heard how students were hindered in developing the skills they needed to advance in life because schools were locked into strict curriculums, with little time for anything else.
Almost 50 per cent of the population in the region were under 24, Dr Nathan said in a presentation at the event.
He said one third of those were not in school, a figure estimated to be 14.3 million.
The event heard how there would always be a gap between connecting young people with suitable careers if the focus remained on following rigid curriculums, rather than allowing people to develop the skills needed to pursue their passions.
It was impossible to expect students to develop the right skills needed for the future if education models continued to be inflexible, said another expert.
'It's very important to realise we don't know what skills future generations are going to need," said Waleed Al Baddad, director of smart learning and e-content development at Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University.
Why the UAE visa rules will reshape the jobs market
"My own role at the university didn't exist 15 years ago. The issue is we only have a certain amount of accredited hours with students so we are already fighting for time, all the time.
"Obviously we can't just replace the entire education system but we need to find ways to train young people so they are capable of performing several different roles in the future."
Lord Coe, who is also president of World Athletics, praised the UAE for its commitment to developing young talent and helping them engage with the private sector.
"There is a lot of optimism, innovation and creativity here," he said.
'If you have a well-educated workforce, then you will have a well-educated country and effectively have control over your own destiny."
Updated: May 27, 2022, 4:23 AM


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This article is an abbreviated timeline of major and significant events impacting Korea starting in 1945 up through the first week in September, 2017. This timeline overview is critical for us to gain an understanding of what is happening with the sabre rattling taking place between the USA and DPRK.
Japan controlled Korea from 1910 through 1945. Democrat President Harry Truman drops two atomic bombs on Japan on August 6th and 9th to effectuate their unconditional surrender. As part of a post WW2 agreement the United States and Russia agreed to annex the Korean peninsula from Japan and 'temporarily' divide the nation into Northern and Southern regions when WW2 ended. In August 1945 the Soviets invaded the North and one month later America the South and Japan immediately surrendered to both Russia and the United States.
The 38th parallel became the 'temporary' dividing line for the plan was to have a united Korea which obviously never happened. Though the Soviets and Americans were allies during WW2, it was a strained relationship to depose of a common enemy, Germany and NAZI fascism and their expansion and attempt to dominate the Euro-Asian continent and beyond.
The onset of the cold war between the Soviets and America in essence began in Korea for communism and elected governments are an oil and water mixture. The Russians installed a communist government in the North: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK); and in the South a government was elected and called the Republic of Korea (ROK). Korea became two permanent nations.
Aug 29-Russia detonates atomic bomb ending US monopoly on atomic weapons of mass destruction.
Chinese Communist Revolution Concludes-Communist Mao Zedong assumes power in China; Immediately allies with Russia. Nationalist Chiang Kai Shek removed from power, exiled to Taiwan (Formosa).
Feb-Chairman Mao signs treaty with Soviets.
June 25, 1950-DPRK invaded ROK and quickly drove south to capture Seoul. American troops intervened and were aided by UN and UK forces in the South and pushed the Northern Communists back where they now controlled ⅔ of Korea. The Chinese army reinforced the DPRK army and by the end of 1950 the 38th parallel was generally reestablished. War ensued and DPRK was the most heavily bombed country in the history of warfare, destroying nearly all infrastructure, cities, towns and villages.
Open warfare stops July 27, 1953. The peninsula is divided by a demilitarized zone (DMZ) along the 38th parallel. A formal peace agreement ending the Korean War was never signed. The ceasefire agreement is still valid today and no formal declaration of peace ending the war was ever entered.
The DPRK captures the USS Pueblo, an American intelligence gathering ship. Although the crew is later released, the North Koreans still hold the USS Pueblo.
1969 American Reconnaissance Plane Shot Down; 31 Americans are killed.
1972 North & South issue joint statement on peaceful reunification.
1985 Enters Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT): Bars production of nuclear weapons.
1986 Yongbyon Research Nuclear Reactor becomes operational.
1993 IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency accuses DPRK of violating Nuclear NPT; demands inspections; DPRK threatens to quit Treaty.
DPRK test-fires medium-range ballistic missile into the Sea of Japan.
1994 July "Great Leader" Kim Il Sung dies 1948-1994. His son, "Dear Leader" Kim Jong Il assumes power.
October US/NK sign Agreed Framework to freeze nuclear program in return for heavy fuel oil and two light-water nuclear reactors.
1995 Nuclear Cooperation Agreement reached with United States to build nuclear reactors in DPRK.
Feb-DPRK claims severe floods and famine kill 3 Million North Koreans?
Apr-DPRK announce defiance of cease fire agreement; sends thousands of troops to DMZ.
Sep-DPRK submarine carrying 26 commandos and crew runs aground near ROK town of Gangneung. All but one is killed along with 17 ROK following several skirmishes.
Jun-ROK captures DPRK submarine in its waters. Entire Crew found dead.
Aug-Missile Test Flight over Japan.
Kim Jong-il and ROK President Kim Dae-jung pave the way for reopening border liaison offices and family reunions. ROK grants amnesty to 3,500+ DPRK prisoners.
Jan-State of the Union Address: President George W. Bush labels North Korea "Axis of Evil" with Iran & Iraq.
Jun-North & South Korean naval battle in Yellow Sea; 30 DPRK & 4 ROK sailors are killed.
Sep-Japan PM Junichiro Koizumi makes historic visit during which DPRK admits to having abducted 13 Japanese citizens in the 1970s and 1980s and that at least 4 still alive.
Oct-US & allies stop oil shipments to DPRK in a dispute over secretive nuclear weapons program.
Dec-DPRK reactivating nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and expels UN inspectors.
Jan-DPRK withdraws from Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. "6 Party" talks open: DPRK, ROK, USA, China, Russia, Japan.
May-NK withdraws from 1992 agreement with ROK to keep the Korean Peninsula free of nuclear weapons.
Jan-Condoleezza Rice called DPRK an outpost of tyranny in Senate confirmation hearing.
Feb-DPRK proclaims it has nuclear weapons for defense purposes.
Jul-DPRK test fires 7 missiles.
Mar-DPRK to shuts down its nuclear enrichment program and agrees to international inspections.
Jul-DPRK shuts down its main Yongbyon reactor after receiving 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil as part of an aid package.
Aug-ROK announces it will send nearly $50M US in aid to DPRK after rare appeal for flood relief.
Sep-State Dept announces DPRK will catalog and dismantle its entire nuclear program by year end; will be remove from list of state sponsors of terrorism upon confirmation; Holds discussion to formally end Korean War; President Bush sends handwritten letter to Kim Jong Il.
Oct-Second Pyongyang Summit. President Roh Moo-hyun becomes 1st ROK leader to walk across DMZ.
Mar-North/South relations deteriorate sharply after new ROK President Lee Myung-bak promises to take a harder line on North Korea.
Aug-Kim Jong-il suffers a stroke.
Oct-US Removes DPRK From Terror Watch List; North agrees to provide full access to Yongbyon nuclear site.
Apr-DPRK launches a long-range rocket, carrying what it says is a communications satellite; its neighbors accuse it of testing long-range missile technology. Condemnation from the UN Security Council prompts DPRK to walk out of six-party talks and restart its nuclear facilities.
May-DPRK carries out 2nd underground nuclear test. UN Security Council condemns move in June.
Aug-DPRK frees American journalists Laura Ling and Euna Lee after former US Prez Bill Clinton facilitates their release. The pair was sentenced to 12 years hard labor for allegedly crossing the border illegally.
Aug-North makes conciliatory gestures to South, sending delegation to funeral of former President Kim Dae-jung; releases four ROK fishermen; agrees to resume family reunions.
Nov-DPRK state-run news agency reports the reprocessing of 8,000 spent fuel rods is complete, garnering enough weapons-grade plutonium for one to two nuclear bombs? (6 were processed in 2003).
Feb-Increased social unrest leads government relaxing free market restrictions after a 2009 currency revaluation wiped out many cash savings in the country.
Dec-Death of Kim Jong-il. Kim Jong-un presides at funeral and takes over key posts by April, 2012.
Apr-Rocket launch viewed internationally as a banned test of long-range Taepodong-2 missile technology – fails. DPRK says aim was to put a satellite into orbit to mark 100th birthday anniversary of Kim Il-sung.
Oct-North Korea claims it has missiles than can hit the US mainland after ROK and Washington announce a deal to extend the range of South Korea's ballistic missiles.
Dec-DPRK successfully launches a "rocket-mounted satellite" into orbit following its failed attempt in April. EMP?
Feb-3rd Nuclear Test. UN approves fresh sanctions. Nuclear test, said to be more powerful than the 2009 test.
Apr-DPRK says it will restart all facilities at its main Yongbyon nuclear complex and briefly withdraws its 53,000-strong workforce from the South-Korean-funded Kaesong joint industrial park stalling operations at 123 ROK factories.
July-Panama impounds a North Korean ship carrying two MiG-21 jet fighters under bags of sugar. The UN later blacklists the ship's operator.
Sep-Sole ally China bans export to North Korea of items that could be used to make missiles or nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.
Dec-Kim Jong-un's uncle, Chang Song-thaek, is found guilty of attempting to overthrow the state and is summarily executed in a purge seen as the biggest shake-up since the death of Kim Jong-il in 2011.
Mar-North Korea test-fires two medium-range Rodong ballistic missiles for the first time since 2009, in violation of UN resolutions and just hours after the US, South Korea and Japan met in the Netherlands for talks.
Oct-Officials pay surprise visit to south, agree to resume formal talks that have been suspended since February.
Dec-North Korea and US exchange accusations of cyber-attacks over a Sony Pictures film mocking Kim Jong-un, prompting new US sanctions the following month.
Aug-South Korea halts loudspeaker propaganda broadcasts across the DMZ after the North fires on them during annual US/South-Korean military exercises.
Sep-North Korea confirms it has put its Yongbyon nuclear plant – mothballed in 2007 – back into operation.
Dec-US imposes new sanctions on North Korea over weapons proliferation, targeting the army's Strategic Rocket Force, banks and shipping companies.
Jan-Government announcement of first hydrogen bomb test met with widespread expert skepticism.
May-The ruling Workers Party holds its first congress in almost 40 years, during which Kim Jong-un is elected leader of the party.
Nov-UN Security Council further tightens sanctions by aiming to cut one of North Korea's main exports, coal, by 60%.
Jan-Kim Jong-un says North Korea is in the final stages of developing long-range guided missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
Feb-Kim Jong-un's estranged half-brother Kim Jong-nam is killed by a highly toxic nerve agent in Malaysia, with investigators suspecting North Korean involvement.
July-Pyongyang test fires a long-range missile into the Sea of Japan, with some experts stating the missile could potentially reach Alaska.
Aug-Tension rises in war of words with US over North Korean threat to fire ballistic missiles near US Pacific territory of Guam.
Aug-China announces it plans to implement the UN sanctions against North Korea agreed to earlier this month; bans imports of coal, minerals and sea food.
Sep 3-DPRK conducts 6th nuclear test; a Hydrogen bomb.
The neocons and globalists are in an active coup d'état to depose President Donald J Trump from his duly elected office as President of the United States. This coup is due to the internal forces of evil's madness in continuing the completion of the fundamental transformation of the United States in relinquishing its national sovereignty by driving America into globalism and totalitarianism by the tyrants embedded in all branches of government. This is happening worldwide with all western nations.
Another reason is self-preservation for these tyrants have been operating as a criminal enterprise for more than two decades and have weaponized most departments and agencies of the federal and the several state governments they control. If fair and honest investigations are conducted along with fair judicial proceedings, these people are looking at extensive prison sentences. The probability of prosecution is questionable due the extensive corruption of government and industry.
The North Korean problem is a false flag and IMPEACHMENT TRAP! There is significant efforts taking place to falsely impeach President Donald J Trump for he represents a clear and present danger to their criminal activities and must be removed from office one way or another. These globalist and tyrannical powers are seeking to manipulate President Trump into a first-strike against DPRK so they may impeach him on the grounds of violating the 1953 ceasefire agreement between North and South Korea.
A first strike may bring UN sanctions against the United States and precipitate impeachment of President Trump. The US is in grave peril.


text:
Q: extract string and int from a string I have a string : RoomA38. I want to extract from it RoomA and put in an object of type String, extract 3 and 8 and put them in two different type int.I thought of the method split but I don't know how to use it in this case. How Can i do it?

A: Could you do something like this?
String myString = "RoomA38";
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
List<Integer> numbers = new ArrayList<Integer>();

for(int i=0;i<myString.length();i++){
    char c = myString.charAt(i);
    if(!Character.isDigit(c)){
        sb.append(c);
    }else{
        numbers.add(Integer.parseInt(c+""));
    }
}

String roomString = sb.toString();
for(Integer i : numbers){
    //use the number i
}

A: You can do this by various way, You just need some calculation there is no any specific api or build in methods.
The below is also a way to do this.
    String str = "RoomA38";
    int number = 0;
    String[] strArr = str.split("\\d");
    str = str.replace(strArr[0], "");
    number = Integer.parseInt(str);
    System.out.println("Numbers::: " + number);
    str = strArr[0];
    System.out.println("String is:::: " + str);

A: public static void main(String[] args) {
    String str = "RoomA3814221";
    String pattern = "[0-9]+";

    Scanner sc = new Scanner(str);

    String result = sc.findInLine(pattern);

    String[] arr = result.split("");

    System.out.println(result);

    System.out.println(arr.length);

    for (String s: arr) {
        System.out.println(s);
    }

}

A: You might want to use Scanner for this: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/Scanner.html

A: using following line, you can find out if a char is a digit.
    Character.isDigit('');
you can iterate over each char in string and extract the useful chars accordingly.

A: You can extract Numbers from a string after that write your own logic to separate numbers also.
Thanks
Sunil

A: if the format is always the same :
    String value = "RoomA38";
    String room = value.substring(0, 5);
    Integer floor = Integer.valueOf(value.substring(5,6));
    Integer roomNumber = Integer.valueOf(value.substring(6,7));

A: Why not use RegEx?
@Test
public void splitString() {
    final String src = "RoomA38";
    final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\D*)(\\d*)");
    final Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(src);
    matcher.matches();
    final String resultString = matcher.group(1);
    final int resultInt = Integer.valueOf(matcher.group(2));
    Assert.assertEquals("RoomA", resultString);
    Assert.assertEquals(38, resultInt);
}

A: Extract the desired result using regular expression and pattern matching in java
String chars;
int result2,result3;
String str= "RoomA38";
String regex ="([a-zA-Z]+)([0-9]{1})([0-9]{1})";
Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile( regex ).matcher( str);
while (matcher.find( ))
{
result = matcher.group(1);
result2 =Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(2));
result3 = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(3));
System.out.println("chars="+result+" "+"number1="+result2+" "+"number2="+result3);
}
chars=RoomA number1=3 number2=8

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I'm stuck in a pretty bad situation right now and I have no idea about how to help myself..
So recently I've been wanting to 'reset' my Windows 8.1 laptop, & I just cannot because my recovery environment is missing..
and another problem is that I don't live in the USA or Canada.
I've got a Dell Inspiron 15R 5521, 8GB RAM, intel i5 3317u.
RE: Recovery Environment Missing -System Recovery Partition Deleted.
Can you help me too? please, I have a similar problem, I had to reinstall Windows 10 with a restore image because I accidentally deleted the recovery partition.
Users with such problem can create another onekey recovery partition with onekey recovery software.


text:
What's next in Syria after the US withdraws?
December 26th, 2018 Posted by Katy Gabel Chui-Stanford
Kurdish female troops from the Syrian Democratic Forces stand in a forward operating base overlooking the frontline on November 10, 2015. (Credit: John Moore/Getty Images)
On December 19, 2018, President Trump announced he wants to pull troops out of Syria because the United States military had achieved its goal of defeating the Islamic State militant group there.
In this Q&A, terrorism expert Martha Crenshaw, a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies' Center for International Security and Cooperation at Stanford University, addresses the president's decision and what comes next.
Has the US defeated the Islamic State in Syria? What does "defeat" mean in this context?
US leaders have talked optimistically about "defeating" first Al Qaeda and then the Islamic State since the declaration of a global war on terror in 2001. If it were possible to vanquish such an adversary on the battlefield through the application of superior military force, we would already have accomplished the mission.
The Islamic State combines insurgency with transnational terrorism, and its operations flow easily across national borders. Since its beginnings in 2003, it has demonstrated a capacity for resilience and reconstitution — and for surprising us. The loss of the Caliphate has not changed this equation.
What regional impacts might this decision have?
The Iraqi government has not shown itself capable of providing the security or legitimacy that might undermine the appeal of the Islamic State. Despite [Syrian President] Assad's ruthless consolidation of power with the aid of Iran and Russia, opposition to his regime will continue. If the American-supported Kurdish resistance is abandoned by the US and then destroyed or weakened by Turkey, there will be even more scope and rationale for jihadists such as the Islamic State. Also, we shouldn't forget that the Al Qaeda branch in Syria is still active.
What about in terms of the US relationship with Russia and Iran versus with allies in the region?
It seems that the assumption behind the withdrawal is that the US is willing to leave Syrian affairs to Russia and Iran and to allow Turkey to pursue an offensive against our Kurdish allies. We should probably call them "former allies" now. Turkey is likely to draw closer to Iran and Russia.
Some American military leaders have spoken up against this decision, calling it wrongheaded. Does that matter?
Probably not to the President's decisions, but vocal military opposition would matter to Congress and other opinion leaders.
Views expressed here do not necessarily represent those of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies or Stanford University, both of which are nonpartisan institutions.
Source: Stanford University
'Hashing' gives more accurate estimate of Syrian war dead
Coding and Minecraft boost Syrian refugee kids
What would it take for peace in Syria?


Cleaning system for spa and hot tub water based ultraviolet light.
With new Philips UV lamps and aluminum interior light reflecting this cleaning system can save you up to 80% of the amount of chemicals used before installation.
An economical and ecological way to enjoy a spa or hot tub clean.
If you have to install the device we will be added to the price 150 Euros more on the issue of labor and displacement.


Great dishes, great atmosphere. In the building of the Rijksmuseum but with a separate entrance. Restaurant managed to get a Michelin star within its first year. Adventurous and surprising non pretentious food.
Between a Rembrandt, a Vermeer and the latest museum's exhibition you can take a break at one of the tables of the sleek room which hosts the Michelin starred restaurant. At the helm, chef Joris Bijdendijk who uses Danish heritage recipes and ingredients in a modern way. The spirits are Dutch, the ingredients are mainly Dutch or from former Dutch colonies, everything is tied together in order to keep a continuity with the museum experience, despite the restaurant being in a separate building. A great experience for any occasion.