On LibreOffice 3.5.4.2 (default for Debian Wheezy) importing PDFs is not a core feature, so I installed the package libreoffice-pdfimport to read a PDF file into Writer.
Converting the file to PostScript and back to PDF using pdf2ps and ps2pdf makes no difference. Is there a trick to importing PDFs into Writer that I am not using?
Hi - The pdf import extension allows to open a pdf in Writer only if it is an hybrid pdf.
If it is not a hybrid it could be only opened in Draw. That may be the problem?
I am not sure if my experience will help with LibreOffice 3.5.4.2. I'm using version 4.4. However, the last version I used (4.2, I think) worked the same way as what I have now. So with that caveat, I'll try to address your question.
I have not found a good way to do get pdf files into Writer and keep the formatting. I have used Calibre to convert a pdf to a text file. It did not give me all the bizarre characters that showed in your example.
To use this approach, you'll need to have Calibre installed.
Click the "Convert books" button at the top and choose "Convert individually"
Unfortunately, all you have is the text with this method. It is possible to open a pdf and get the pictures along with the formatting and text in Draw, but the text does not flow from one line to the next.
It isn't an elegant solution, but perhaps a combination of the above will get you what you want.
This worked brilliantly for me with latest version of Calibre, but of course, it's file / filetype dependent, I guess. Thanks for posting it.
If your question is answered, please click on the check mark by the answer that helped to mark it as answered. Thanks!


The XT2's dual sensors are housed within a weather resistance encasing, providing an IP44 level rating. This makes it the first DJI camera to match the M200 Series' rugged build, combining to form a drone solution that can fly through light rains.
The XT2 utilizes DJI's leading computer vision technologies and trusted thermal interpretation tools to provide a suite of intelligent features that helps teams identify what's important while on-site, instead of after a lengthy processing time.
Temp Alarm: Don't miss a thing with instant notifications when object temperatures exceed pre-set parameters.
Isotherms: Focus on a specific temperature band to identify what's important.
Color Palettes: Adjust the colors applied to the thermal data to easily interpret what's happening.


Michigan married couples have a lot to consider when planning how to claim their spousal social security benefits. The best social security insurance plans consider everything, including income history, age, and taxes.
If you are trying to plan your social security claim, you're probably asking, "How old do I need to be?" But this question overlooks some important considerations, especially for spouses. If you are, or have been married, you will need to consider a lot more than age to make the most of your benefits.
Michigan married couples have no fewer than 8,000 different choices when it comes to claiming social security benefits. Even if your spouse has never contributed to SSI by working outside the home, he or she is entitled to one half of your benefit, starting at age 62. Eligibility for SSI spousal benefits depends on whether the primary wage earner has enough of a contributing income history to qualify. Once one spouse qualifies, they both can claim benefits.
The higher-earning spouse can file his or her benefit at full retirement age and suspend it, letting the benefit grow presumably to age 70. The other spouse can then claim a spousal benefit—half of the filer's benefit—at that time. When reaching full retirement age, the spouse can file for his or her own worker benefit if it's bigger than the spousal benefit.
This can result in a higher benefit over all, while still maximizing both spouses' earning potential.
If you are only receiving social security income, you don't have much to worry about when it comes to tax season. But if you or your spouse are also receiving a pension or 401(k) distribution, you could face a substantial tax consequence. Some financial advisers recommended holding off on withdrawing from "tax-deferred" retirement accounts as long as possible. But James Mahaney, Vice President of Strategic Initiatives with Prudential Financial, says that might not be the wisest plan.
By working with an experienced Michigan Social Security Lawyer and a financial planner, you and your spouse can make a plan that will make the most of all your retirement accounts – 401(k)s, pensions, IRAs, and of course, Social Security. Don't get hit with unexpected tax consequences or early age penalties. Talk to Michigan Social Security Lawyer William Crawforth today about your social security retirement plans.


We kill people to tell people that killing people is wrong?
Harriet Cornell is the Development Officer for the Global Justice Academy. In this guest post, she reports on the botched execution of Clayton Lockett in Oklahoma, and the state of the death penalty in the United States.


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Ex-Ghana FA boss Dr Nyaho Tamakloe says he will lead a campaign to remove Avram Grant as Ghana coach if he recalls Sulley Muntari, Michael Essien and Kevin-Prince Boateng to the Black Stars unless they show remorse for their actions during the 2014 World Cup.
Dr Tamakloe says he will embark on a campaign to remove the Israeli from his post if he goes ahead to invite the trio without the necessary apologies for their actions at the 2014 World Cup.
Grant is preparing to name his squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations and it is suspected some of the three players could be invited for the tournament in Equatorial Guinea.
Muntari and Boateng have been hit with indefinite suspensions from the Black Stars for engaging in various acts of indiscipline at the World Cup staged in Brazil.
Essien on the other hand is facing a lesser probe for his failure to warm up in Ghana's final World Cup game against Portugal and is yet to be hit with any sanction.
But former GFA boss Nyaho Tamakloe insists the national team doors must be kept shut for these three players unless they placate Ghanaians with a public apology.
"If Avram Grant goes ahead to invite Sulley Muntari, Michael Essien and Kevin-Prince Boateng, I will lead campaign to ensure the he doesn't succeed in everything he does in this country," he told Joy FM.
"If they go ahead to apologize then that is fine.
"They have to show respect not only to the team but to Ghanaians.
The trio are unlikely to be named in Ghana's squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations which kicks off in January.
New Ghana coach Avram Grant however says all players are welcome to work under him at the Black Stars once they submit themselves to his disciplinary code.


"Theology, News and Notes" by Fuller Theological Seminary, Lewis B. Smedes et al.
Fuller Theological Seminary; Smedes, Lewis B.; Call, Merlin W.; and Hiebert, Frances, "Theology, News and Notes" (1983). Theology News & Notes. 83.


I seem to recall someone mentioning in this section that the basic Ford warranty will cover an alignment if done within the first 12,000 miles. Is this true?
That is correct- Ford will do ONE alignment at no charge in the first 12 months or 12,000 miles, whichever comes first.
If Ford covers one allignment, what about wheel balencing in the first 12 months?
Another (related) question - maybe for Jeff Clark to respond to.
Bought a new 06 f150.
what I've read on this forum).
Autospring says you should adj the 'toe-in' alignment after installation.
of the Autospring leveling kit void this one-time service?
the answer to that is obvious NO!.


Unfortunately, there are people in the world that are willing to prey on elderly individuals that are no longer able to care for themselves. Some elderly individuals are vulnerable to having their trust and finances abused by those they think are honest. If a family in California suspects an elderly loved one is being abused and taken advantage of, the family could take steps to have a conservator appointed to ensure the continued care of the individual, their health and their estate.
When it became apparent that longtime actor Mickey Rooney was being egregiously abused by one of his stepsons and the stepson's wife, Rooney's attorney was appointed as the actor's conservator by a Los Angeles probate court judge. According to the claims of elder abuse that led to the conservatorship, the stepson and his wife withheld food and medication from the actor, as well as abused the elderly actor's trust to gain control over his finances.
Thankfully, the 92-year-old is now in a safe environment where people are closely tending to his wellbeing. His conservator says that the actor's love of his career has not waned, and he still makes appearances when he is able.
It can be very difficult for individuals to see a parent or other family member age. Reaching the conclusion that an elderly loved one is unable to protect themselves can be a heartbreaking process, particularly in instances where the elderly individual is resistant to help. However, the elderly individual's wellbeing is of paramount importance. Seeking the assistance of a probate attorney can help a family protect a loved one in a manner that is sensitive and maintains the individual's dignity.


I've just noticed that it is possible to embed Google Calendars in a blog post or website!
This is going to be very useful for events like the it@cork conference, or multi-week events like the blog training course I delivered a few months back.
I'm sure there are lots of other applications. What would you use it for?
Yeah I just embedded it on my netvibes homepage… Essential!
I imagine that using the Google SMS remindering service with this would be very useful. If you could send out personalised alerts, even just "IT Cork Event: 9.00" one hour before, I am sure you'd see some positive response. And it would be free!
good to see this, there also the option to do this for googlemaps. The only one that would help me now is to have the ability to do the same for google docs, i.e. their spreadsheet SW would be great.
Thanks for pointing this out! I can already think of two sites to add some much-needed Google Calendars to.
Currently I am logged in to my GMail account. So when I view that calender am I viewing the calender from my account, or one that you've set up?


text:
Why nuns are fun to watch on reality TV
Religious sisters are surprisingly entertaining when they appear on reality television. - photo by Kelsey Dallas
Almost a year after a group of potential religious sisters took reality television by storm on Lifetime's "The Sisterhood," there's a new nun in the spotlight.
Sister Alicia Torres, a 30-year-old who recently helped found the Franciscans of the Eucharist of Chicago religious community, was crowned "Chopped" champion on Monday night, after impressing judges with her appetizer, main course and dessert creations on the popular Food Network cooking competition.
The young nun described her appearance on the show as "an opportunity to have the world see a different side of who sisters are," according to Slate.
Nuns have made an unexpected splash during TV show appearances in recent months, the article noted, highlighting how another cooking nun stole viewers' hearts on "Master Chef Mexico" this fall.
"I have no idea if it's good for the Catholic Church, but it's great for TV," said Slate's Ruth Graham.
Catholic religious communities have been struggling to recruit new, young members as increasing numbers of Americans abandon their childhood faith. In 2014, there were fewer than 50,000 religious sisters in the U.S., according to a recent Pew Research Center. In 1964, there were nearly 180,000.
Although the star power of nuns like Torres might not lead more Americans to take religious vows, people of faith who engage with popular culture help people understand what it's like to lead a highly religious life, as Deseret News National noted in its coverage of "The Sisterhood."
Torres has no culinary training and honed her craft volunteering with a food kitchen in Chicago. She hoped her "Chopped" appearance would give people insight into her fulfilling life.
"Perhaps being on national TV and winning this competition will bring some attention to the issue of hunger and to the reality that God's love is so strong and so big," said Torres to the Chicago Tribune. "Literally nothing is impossible with God."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
DIY computer startup gets $15 million
by Sara Ashley O'Brien @saraashleyo May 5, 2015: 5:04 PM ET
Build-It-Yourself computer for $150
Dude, you're getting a ... Kano.
That's right. Your kid's first computer might be one she builds herself. For $149, kids (or adults) can build a computer and learn basic coding skills to program it.
"Kano is a new type of PC," said co-founder Alex Klein at TechCrunch Disrupt on Monday. "One that is creative, low-cost, physical, fun. We think that can be mainstream, mass market."
It appears investors agree. Klein, 25, announced $15 million in funding, in a Series A round led by Breyer Capital Collaborative Fund and other investors, including British economist Jim O'Neill.
Kano previously raised $1.5 million on Kickstarter in December 2013, surpassing its $100,000 campaign goal -- which it hit in just 16 hours.
The colorful Kano kit must be assembled (pieces are manufactured in China). It contains twelve components, including: Raspberry Pi board (the brains of the computer), build-your-own speaker, wireless orange keyboard, transparent case, WiFi connector and two illustration books (kid-friendly manuals that read like stories). You'll need your own monitor, as it's not included.
The recent funding will go toward Kano's new computer kit, which features an upgraded Raspberry Pi 2. This will make the computers six times faster. The new kit also includes additional updates, like new code blocks and challenges.
For the 40,000 people in 86 countries who already possess the Kano, there's a also Powerup Kit, which lets users repurpose the Pi 1 into the Pi 2.
Even as it enters the big leagues, Kano isn't forgetting its crowdfunding past.
Kano also launched a campaign on equity crowdfunding platform Quire to raise $500,000 that will go toward the round. That way, the community can get more than just a computer kit -- they can take equity in the firm.
"We feel the more participatory this company is, the more accessible the final product will be," Klein said, noting that they'll leverage the platform to solicit feedback and ideas, much as they did with Kickstarter.
Though the average age of a Kano user is 9.5 years old, Klein said there's no one-size-fits-all when it comes to customers: "45-year-old veterans of Operation Desert Storm, 81-year-old grandmothers ... artists, painters. It's beautiful."
Klein said they want to "democratize the ability to make technology, not just consume it," he said.
That's the reason Kano's products ship for free -- so there's no impediment for users in certain parts of the world.
"We're trying to put that creative, experimental, improvisational power back into the hands of the people," Klein said.
CNNMoney (New York) First published May 4, 2015: 5:37 PM ET


text:
\section{Introduction}
Ground mobile robots, such as sweeping robots and robotic wheelchairs, are playing significant roles in improving the quality of human life \cite{wang2019self,sun2017improving,sun2018motion}. Visual environment perception and autonomous navigation are two fundamental components for ground mobile robots. The former takes as input sensory data and outputs environmental perception results, with which the latter automatically moves the robot from point A to point B. Among the environment perception tasks for ground mobile robots, the joint detection of drivable areas and road anomalies is a critical component that labels the image as the drivable area or road anomaly at the pixel-level. In this paper, the drivable area refers to a region where ground mobile robots can pass through, while a road anomaly refers to an area with a large difference in height from the surface of the drivable area. Accurate and real-time drivable area and road anomaly detection could avoid accidents for ground mobile robots.

With the great advancement of deep learning technologies, many effective semantic segmentation networks that could be used for the task of drivable area and road anomaly detection have been proposed \cite{chen2018encoder,wang2018depth}. Specifically, Chen \textit{et al.} \cite{chen2018encoder} proposed DeepLabv3+, which combines the spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module and the encoder-decoder architecture to generate accurate semantic predictions. However, most of the networks simply use RGB images, which suffer from degraded illumination conditions \cite{fan2019pothole}. Recently, some data-fusion convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been proposed to improve the accuracy of semantic segmentation. Such architectures generally utilize two different types of sensory data to learn informative learning representations. For example, Wang \textit{et al.} \cite{wang2018depth} proposed a novel depth-aware CNN to fuse depth images with RGB images, which has improved the performance of semantic segmentation. Thus, the fusion of different modalities of data is a promising research direction that deserves more attention.

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{./figures/framework.pdf}
    \caption{The overview of our proposed CNN architecture for detecting drivable areas and road anomalies, where our proposed NIM can be deployed in existing single-modal or data-fusion CNNs to refine the segmentation performance.}
    \label{fig.framework}
    \vspace{-1em}
\end{figure}

In this paper, we first introduce a novel module named Normal Inference Module (NIM), which generates surface normal information from dense depth images with high accuracy and efficiency. The surface normal information serves as a different modality of data, which can be deployed in existing semantic segmentation networks to improve performance, as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig.framework}. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed NIM, we use our previous ground mobile robots perception (GMRP) dataset\footnote{\url{https://github.com/hlwang1124/GMRPD}} \cite{wang2019self} to train twelve state-of-the-art CNNs (eight single-modal CNNs and four data-fusion CNNs) with and also without our proposed NIM embedded. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed NIM can greatly enhance the performance of the aforementioned CNNs for the task of drivable area and road anomaly detection. Furthermore, our proposed NIM-RTFNet ranks 8th on the KITTI road benchmark\footnote{\url{www.cvlibs.net/datasets/kitti/eval_road.php}} \cite{Fritsch2013ITSC} and exhibits a real-time inference speed. The contributions of this paper are summarized as follows:

\begin{itemize}
    \item We develop a novel NIM and show its effectiveness on improving the semantic segmentation performance.
    \item We conduct extensive studies on the impact of different modalities of data on semantic segmentation networks.
    \item Our proposed NIM-RTFNet greatly minimizes the trade-off between speed and accuracy on the KITTI road benchmark.
\end{itemize}

\begin{figure*}[!t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{./figures/nim_block.pdf}
    \caption{Illustration of our proposed NIM, where the numbers within parentheses denote the corresponding equations. We first use two kernels to compute volumes, and then solve an optimization problem to generate surface normal images.}
    \label{fig.nim}
\end{figure*}

\section{Related Work}
In this section, we briefly overview twelve state-of-the-art semantic segmentation networks, including eight single-modal networks, \textit{i.e.,} fully convolutional network (FCN) \cite{long2015fully}, SegNet \cite{badrinarayanan2017segnet}, U-Net \cite{ronneberger2015u}, DeepLabv3+ \cite{chen2018encoder}, DenseASPP \cite{yang2018denseaspp}, DUpsampling \cite{tian2019decoders}, ESPNet \cite{mehta2018espnet} and Gated-SCNN (GSCNN) \cite{takikawa2019gated}, as well as four data-fusion networks, \textit{i.e.,} FuseNet \cite{hazirbas2016fusenet}, Depth-aware CNN \cite{wang2018depth}, MFNet \cite{ha2017mfnet} and RTFNet \cite{sun2019rtfnet}.

\subsection{Single-modal CNN Architectures}
FCN \cite{long2015fully} was the first end-to-end semantic segmentation network. Of the three FCN variants, FCN-32s, FCN-16s and FCN-8s, we use FCN-8s in our experiments. SegNet \cite{badrinarayanan2017segnet} first presented the encoder-decoder architecture, which is widely used in current networks. U-Net \cite{ronneberger2015u} was designed based on an FCN \cite{long2015fully}, and adds skip connections between the encoder and decoder to improve the information flow.

DeepLabv3+ \cite{chen2018encoder} was designed to combine the advantages of both the SPP module and the encoder-decoder architecture. To make the feature resolution sufficiently dense for autonomous driving, DenseASPP \cite{yang2018denseaspp} was proposed to connect a set of atrous convolutional layers in a dense way.

Different from the networks mentioned above, DUpsampling \cite{tian2019decoders} adopts a data-dependent decoder, which exploits the redundancy in the label space of semantic segmentation and has the ability to recover the pixel-wise prediction from low-resolution outputs of networks. ESPNet \cite{mehta2018espnet} employs a novel convolutional module named efficient spatial pyramid (ESP) to save computation and memory cost. GSCNN \cite{takikawa2019gated} utilizes a novel architecture consisting of a shape branch and a regular branch to focus on the boundary information.

\subsection{Data-fusion CNN Architectures}
FuseNet \cite{hazirbas2016fusenet} was proposed for the problem of semantic image segmentation using RGB-D data. It employs the popular encoder-decoder architecture, and adopts element-wise summation to combine the feature maps of the RGB stream and the depth stream. Depth-aware CNN \cite{wang2018depth} introduces two novel operations: depth-aware convolution and depth-aware average pooling, and leverages depth similarity between pixels to incorporate geometric information into the CNN.

MFNet \cite{ha2017mfnet} was proposed for semantic image segmentation using RGB-thermal images. It focuses on retaining the segmentation accuracy during real-time operation. RTFNet \cite{sun2019rtfnet} was developed to enhance the performance of semantic image segmentation using RGB-thermal images. The key component of RTFNet is the novel decoder, which includes short-cuts to keep more detailed information.

\section{Methodology}
\label{sec.method}
Our proposed NIM, as illustrated in Fig. \ref{fig.nim}, can generate surface normal information from dense depth images with both high precision and efficiency. The most common way of estimating the surface normal $\mathbf{n}=[n_x,n_y,n_z]^\top$ of a given 3D point $\mathbf{p}^\text{C}=[x,y,z]^\top$ in the camera coordinate system (CCS) is to fit a local plane: $\mathbf{n}^\top\mathbf{p}^\text{C}+\beta=0$ to $\mathbf{Q}=[\mathbf{p}^\text{C},\mathbf{q}_1,\dots,\mathbf{q}_k]^\top$, where $\mathbf{q}_1,\dots,\mathbf{q}_k$ are a collection of $k$ nearest neighboring points of $\mathbf{p}^\text{C}$.
For a pinhole camera model, $\mathbf{p}^\text{C}$ is linked with a pixel ${\mathbf{p}}^\text{I}=[u,v]^\top$ in the depth image $\mathbf{Z}$ by \cite{fan2018real}:
\begin{equation}
z\begin{bmatrix}
{\mathbf{p}}^\text{I}\\1
\end{bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}
f_x & 0 & u_\text{o}\\
0 & f_y & v_\text{o}\\
0 & 0 & 1
\end{bmatrix}\mathbf{p}^\text{C}.
\label{eq.intrinisc_matrix}
\end{equation}
A depth image can be considered as an undirected graph $\mathcal{G}=(\mathcal{P},\mathcal{E})$ \cite{fan2018road}, where $\mathcal{P}=\{\mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{11}, \mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{12}, \dots,\mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{mn}\}$ is a set of nodes (vertices) connected by edges $\mathcal{E}=\{(\mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{ij}, \mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{st})\ |\ \mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{ij}, \mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{st}\in\mathcal{P}\}$. Please note that in this paper, $\mathbf{p}^\text{I}_{ij}$ are simply written as $\mathbf{p}^\text{I}$. Plugging (\ref{eq.intrinisc_matrix}) into the local plane equation obtains \cite{fan2020three}:
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{z}=-\frac{1}{\beta}\bigg(n_x\frac{u-u_\text{o}}{f_x}+n_y\frac{v-v_\text{o}}{f_y}+n_z\bigg).
\label{eq.1/z_n}
\end{equation}
Differentiating (\ref{eq.1/z_n}) with respect to $u$ and $v$ leads to
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial u}=-\frac{1}{\beta f_x}n_x\approx\frac{1}{{\mathbf{Z}}(\mathbf{p}^\text{I}+[1,0]^\top)}-\frac{1}{{\mathbf{Z}}(\mathbf{p}^\text{I}-[1,0]^\top)}=g_u, \\ \frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial v}=-\frac{1}{\beta f_y}n_y\approx\frac{1}{{\mathbf{Z}}(\mathbf{p}^\text{I}+[0,1]^\top)}-\frac{1}{{\mathbf{Z}}(\mathbf{p}^\text{I}-[0,1]^\top)}=g_v.
\end{split}
\label{eq.d1/z_to_du_dv}
\end{equation}
Rearranging (\ref{eq.d1/z_to_du_dv}) results in
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
n_x\approx-\beta f_x g_u, \ \ \  n_y\approx-\beta f_y g_v.
\end{split}
\label{eq.nx1_ny1}
\end{equation}
Given a pair of ${\mathbf{q}_{i}}$ and ${\mathbf{p}^\text{C}}$, we can work out the corresponding ${n_z}_i$ as follows:
\begin{equation}
{n_z}_i=\beta\Bigg(f_x\frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial u}\frac{\Delta {x_i}}{\Delta {z_i}} + f_y \frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial v} \frac{\Delta {y_i}}{\Delta {z_i}}    \Bigg),
\label{eq.nz1}
\end{equation}
where ${\mathbf{q}_i}-\mathbf{p}^\text{C}=[\Delta {x_i}, \Delta {y_i}, \Delta {z_i}]^\top$. Therefore, each neighboring point of $\mathbf{p}^\text{C}$ can produce a surface normal candidate as follows \cite{fan2020sne-roadseg}:
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{n}_{i}=\begin{bmatrix}
&-f_x \frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial u} \\
&-f_y \frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial v} \\
&f_x\frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial u}\frac{\Delta {x_i}}{\Delta {z_i}} + f_y \frac{\partial 1/z}{\partial v} \frac{\Delta {y_i}}{\Delta {z_i}}    \\
\end{bmatrix}.
\label{eq.nx2_ny2_nz2}
\end{equation}
The optimal surface normal
\begin{equation}
\hat{\mathbf{n}} = \begin{bmatrix}
\sin\theta\cos\phi\\
\sin\theta\sin\phi\\
\cos\theta
\end{bmatrix}
\label{eq.spherical_coordinates}
\end{equation}
can, therefore, be determined by finding the position at which the projections of $\bar{\mathbf{n}}_{i}=\frac{{\mathbf{n}}_{i}}{||{\mathbf{n}}_{i}||_2}=[\bar{n}_{x_i},\bar{n}_{y_i},\bar{n}_{z_i}]^\top$ distribute most intensively \cite{fan2019pothole}.
The visual perception module in a ground mobile robot should typically perform in real time, and taking more candidates into consideration usually makes the inference of $\hat{\mathbf{n}}$ more time-consuming. Therefore, we only consider the four neighbors adjacent to $\mathbf{p}^\text{I}$ in this paper.
$\hat{\mathbf{n}}$ can be estimated by solving \cite{fan2019pothole}
\begin{equation}
\underset{\phi,\theta}{\argmin}\sum_{i=1}^{4}-\hat{\mathbf{n}}\cdot{\bar{\mathbf{{n}}}}_{i},
\label{eq.energy_minimization}
\end{equation}
which has a closed-form solution as follows:
\begin{equation}
\phi=\arctan\bigg(\frac{\sum_{i=1}^{4}\bar{n}_{y_i}}{\sum_{i=1}^{4}\bar{n}_{x_i}}\bigg),
\label{eq.phi}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\theta= \arctan\Bigg(
\frac{1}{\sum_{i=1}^{4}\bar{n}_{z_i}}
\bigg(\sum_{i=1}^{4}\bar{n}_{x_i}\cos\phi+\sum_{i=1}^{4}\bar{n}_{y_i}\sin\phi\bigg)
\Bigg).
\end{split}
\label{eq.theta}
\end{equation}
Substituting (\ref{eq.theta}) and (\ref{eq.phi}) into (\ref{eq.spherical_coordinates}) results in the optimal surface normal inference, as shown in Fig. \ref{fig.nim}.

\begin{figure*}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./figures/one-stream.pdf}
    \caption{Performance comparison among the eight single-modal CNNs with seven setups on our GMRP dataset. The best result is highlighted in each subfigure.}
    \label{fig.one-stream}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./figures/two-stream.pdf}
    \caption{Performance comparison among the four data-fusion CNNs with three setups on our GMRP dataset. The best result is highlighted in each subfigure.}
    \label{fig.two-stream}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{./figures/mainresult.pdf}
    \caption{Examples of the experimental results on our GMRP dataset: columns (1)-(5) on row (a) show the RGB image, depth image, HHA image, surface normal image generated by our proposed NIM, and ground truth for semantic image segmentation, respectively; columns (1)-(7) on rows (b)-(i) show the semantic predictions obtained by seven setups on each of eight single-modal CNNs, which are respectively (1) RGB, (2) Depth, (3) HHA, (4) RGB+D, (5) RGB+HHA, (6) NIM-Depth (Ours), and (7) NIM-RGB+D (Ours), and (b) FCN, (c) SegNet, (d) U-Net, (e) DeepLabv3+, (f) DenseASPP, (g) DUpsampling, (h) ESPNet and (i) GSCNN; columns (1)-(3) on rows (j) and (k) show the semantic predictions obtained by three setups on two data-fusion CNNs, which are respectively (1) RGB+D, (2) RGB+HHA, and (3) NIM-RGB+D (Ours), and (j) FuseNet and (k) MFNet; columns (4)-(6) on rows (j) and (k) show the semantic predictions obtained by three setups on another two data-fusion CNNs, which are respectively (4) RGB+D, (5) RGB+HHA and (6) NIM-RGB+D (Ours), and (j) Depth-aware CNN and (k) RTFNet. The top right is the reference for surface normal images.}
    \label{fig.mainresult}
\end{figure*}

\section{Experimental Results and Discussions}

\subsection{Dataset Preparation and Experimental Setup}
We recently published a pixel-level drivable area and road anomaly detection dataset for ground mobile robots, named the GMRP dataset \cite{wang2019self}. Different from existing datasets, such as KITTI \cite{Fritsch2013ITSC} and Cityscapes \cite{Cordts2016Cityscapes}, our GMRP dataset covers the scenes and road anomalies that are common for ground mobile robots, \textit{e.g.,} sweeping robots and robotic wheelchairs. We refer readers to our previous paper \cite{wang2019self} for the details of the dataset.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed NIM, we use our GMRP dataset to train twelve CNNs as mentioned above, including eight single-modal CNNs and four data-fusion CNNs. We train each single-modal CNN with seven setups. Specifically, we first train each one with input RGB, depth and HHA images (denoted as \textbf{RGB}, \textbf{Depth} and \textbf{HHA}), separately, where HHA \cite{hazirbas2016fusenet} is a three-channel feature map computed from the depth. Then, we train each one with input four-channel RGB-Depth and six-channel RGB-HHA (denoted as \textbf{RGB+D} and \textbf{RGB+HHA}), separately. Finally, we embed our proposed NIM in each single-modal CNN and train it with input depth images and four-channel RGB-Depth (denoted as \textbf{NIM-Depth} and \textbf{NIM-RGB+D}), separately. Similarly, we train each data-fusion CNN with three setups, separately denoted as \textbf{RGB+D}, \textbf{RGB+HHA} and \textbf{NIM-RGB+D}.

The total 3896 images in our GMRP dataset are split into a training set, a validation set and a testing set that contains 2726, 585 and 585 images, respectively. We train each network until the loss convergence and then select the best model according to the performance of the validation set. We adopt two metrics for the quantitative evaluations, the F-score and the Intersection over Union (IoU) for each class. We also compute the average values across two classes for the F-score and the IoU. The experimental results are presented in Section \ref{sec.ourdataset}.

To validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed NIM for autonomous cars, we also conduct experiments on the KITTI dataset. Since we focus on the detection of drivable areas and road anomalies, our task does not match the KITTI semantic image segmentation benchmark. However, our drivable area detection task perfectly matches the KITTI road benchmark \cite{Fritsch2013ITSC}. Therefore, we submit our best approach to the KITTI road benchmark. The experimental results are presented in Section \ref{sec.kittiroad}.

\subsection{Evaluations on Our GMRP Dataset}
\label{sec.ourdataset}
The performances of the single-modal and data-fusion CNNs mentioned above are compared in Fig. \ref{fig.one-stream} and Fig. \ref{fig.two-stream}, respectively. We can observe that the CNNs with our proposed NIM embedded (\textbf{NIM-Depth} or \textbf{NIM-RGB+D}) outperform those without NIM embedded. Fig. \ref{fig.mainresult} presents the sample qualitative results, where we can see that our proposed NIM greatly reduces the noise in the semantic predictions, especially for road anomaly detection.
Specifically, for the networks with \textbf{Depth} and \textbf{RGB+D} setup, embedding our proposed NIM increases the average F-score and IoU by around 3.3-12.8$\%$ and 5.1-17.7$\%$, respectively. Furthermore, RTFNet \cite{sun2019rtfnet} achieves the best overall performance.

\subsection{Evaluations on the KITTI Road Benchmark}
\label{sec.kittiroad}
As previously mentioned, we select our best approach, NIM-RTFNet, and submit its results to the KITTI road benchmark \cite{Fritsch2013ITSC}. The overall performance of our NIM-RTFNet ranks 8th on the KITTI road benchmark. Fig.\ref{fig.road} illustrates an example of KITTI road testing images, and Table \ref{tab.road} presents the evaluation results. We can observe that our proposed NIM-RTFNet outperforms most existing approaches, which confirms the effectiveness and good generalization ability of our proposed NIM. Additionally, although the MaxF of LidCamNet \cite{caltagirone2019lidar} presents slight advantages over ours, our NIM-RTFNet runs much faster than it, and therefore greatly minimizes the trade-off between speed and accuracy.

\begin{table}[t]
    \caption{KITTI road benchmark results, where the best results are in bold type.}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{L{2.5cm}C{1.4cm}C{1.4cm}C{1.4cm}}
        \toprule
        Approach & MaxF ($\%$) & AP ($\%$) & Runtime (s) \\ \midrule
        MultiNet \cite{teichmann2018multinet} & 94.88 & 93.71 & 0.17\\
        StixelNet II \cite{garnett2017real} & 94.88 & 87.75 & 1.20 \\
        RBNet \cite{chen2017rbnet} & 94.97 & 91.49 & 0.18\\
        LC-CRF \cite{gu2019road} & 95.68 & 88.34 & 0.18 \\
        LidCamNet \cite{caltagirone2019lidar} & \textbf{96.03} & 93.93 & 0.15 \\ \midrule
        NIM-RTFNet (Ours) & 96.02 & \textbf{94.01} & \textbf{0.05} \\ \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    \label{tab.road}
    \vspace{-1em}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[!t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{./figures/road-new.pdf}
    \caption{An example of testing images on the KITTI road benchmark, where (a)-(f) shows the road prediction obtained by MultiNet \cite{teichmann2018multinet}, StixelNet II \cite{garnett2017real}, RBNet \cite{chen2017rbnet}, LC-CRF \cite{gu2019road}, LidCamNet \cite{caltagirone2019lidar} and our proposed NIM-RTFNet, respectively. Correctly detected drivable areas are in green. Red pixels correspond to false negatives, whereas blue pixels denote false positives.}
    \label{fig.road}
    \vspace{-1em}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}
In this paper, we proposed a novel module NIM, which can be easily deployed in various CNNs to refine semantic image segmentation. The experimental results demonstrate that our NIM can greatly enhance the performance of CNNs for the joint detection of drivable areas and road anomalies. Furthermore, our NIM-RTFNet ranks 8th on the KITTI road benchmark and exhibits a real-time inference speed. In the future, we plan to propose a more feasible and computationally efficient cost function for our NIM.

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Caspar to hold silent auction
Caspar Counters Gorse Invasion
Caspar, February 14th, 1999
During their regular monthly community meeting on the second Sunday in February, residents of Caspar heard plans for a Gorse Grubbers Ball and Gorse Workshop in March.
The gorse control effort will begin with a benefit dance on Saturday evening, March 6th, at the Caspar Inn, featuring the Casparados, led by Caspar recording artists Meridian Green and Gene Parsons. Lilybet Parson, Bill Bottrell, Phil Dunn, and Richard Feinbop will also perform with the band. Music starts at 9pm, and admission will be $10 "...or more, if you care to help us out," according to Green. Many remember this band's dynamic last appearance at last year's Gorse Festival. "There's plenty of hard work ahead," Green added, "so we ought to start out by having some fun!"
At the Gorse Workshop, to be held on Saturday, March 13th at Jughandle State Reserve at Caspar's northern border, experts from California's State Park Department and local experts will explain techniques for removal of exotic plant pests. Participants will meet at the Jughandle parking lot at 11am, and will return there by 3pm. Special attention will be paid to gorse, Ulex europaeus, a particularly invasive and unwelcoming brush species that is threatening to take over many coastal properties. The workshop will convene at 11am at the Jughandle parking lot. Participants are urged to bring shovels, mcleods, pry bars, weed-wrenches, and sturdy gloves and clothes. "Gorse fights back! And this is not work for the faint hearted," according to event organizer Michael Potts. "Bad weather will not deter us," he added. "When the ground is soggy, gorse is most vulnerable. With an invader like this, you want every advantage you can get." Louisa Morris, who leads the gorse eradication initiative for State Parks, assures that "there's plenty of gorse, so everyone will have a chance to pull some at this workshop ...and for years to come."
The history of gorse in Caspar goes back almost a century, when it was imported by a resident who hoped to use it as a natural hedgerow, much as it is used in Europe. Unfortunately, gorse thrives in Caspar's mediterranean climate, and control measures which suffice in its native lands are inadequate along the Mendocino coast. A census of coastal Caspar properties finds that one of four parcels is infested with gorse. According to Morris, "This is an urgent threat. Gorse takes no prisoners. Since 1996, our budget for controlling exotics had diminished, so we need lots of help from volunteers." According to State Parks interpretive staffer Rouvaishyana, biological measures � a spider mite � are slow but effective inland, but it is too soon to say how the mite will succeed nearer the coast.
Along the coast of Oregon, where gorse is also invading public lands, physical removal -- grubbing � burning, and spot applications of pesticide (Garlon is the chemical of choice) are being used with great success, but Caspar residents have opposed the use of chemicals in the past. "For Caspar residents, gorse is often a problem on our own lands, and it's taking over beautiful headlands at Jughandle. If we're unwilling to use chemicals, this community will have to work hard to keep the gorse under control," Potts said.
Pat Ackley, Caspar Community Coordinator, told the meeting, "Bring your friends, because we have enough fun for all, and ample gorse, too." She added that Gorse Workshop attendees can call her office at 964-4997, and she will see to it that their lunches are provided. More information about Caspar may always be found on the village website, CasparCommons.org .
written by Michael Potts


George II style crotch mahogany curved corner corner cabinet, the top section with carved detail to the frieze and with shelved interior. Further shelf to lower section fully veneered within, and with finely cast patinated brass door escutcheons.
Powered by ShopFactory to sell P2574 online. All-in one eCommerce and online shopping cart software.


Wherein I convince you to buy this novel.
Aaron and Alexandra Gretchen have just died in a massive explosion. They find themselves lost in a bizarre afterlife, neither knowing what became of the other.
Aaron lands in a gruesome landscape of labyrinthine ramps, platforms and tunnels. He has barely begun confronting his continued existence when a friendly tentacled abomination volunteers to serve as his guide.
Alexandra is assaulted by hideous monsters as soon as she arrives. She fends them off before they can tear her apart, but she soon despairs at her fate. Why would a faithful christian be condemned to Hell?
Aaron and Alexandra's parallel stories reveal a staggeringly vast afterlife shared with hundreds of other species. The environment can be manipulated in esoteric ways, while objects can be created with a simple thought. Humanity is both hated and revered, enemies may lurk in every realm, and ceasing to exist is a very real possibility.
They will strive through it all in the hope of being reunited. But how could anyone keep hope alive in the realms of the dead?
ETERNAL is an awesome 160,000-word story somewhere between fantasy and science-fiction with dystopian elements thrown into the mix. If it doesn't turn out to be the coolest novel you've ever read, you'll get your money back*.
*This statement is false. But I might apologize if you ask nicely.


text:
Q: IP address issue when deployed in Server I have a Servlet project developed using Tomcat 7.
My projects logic is that whenever a request comes from certain IP it responds to the same IP with a new instance of browser as an response.
When I run and test this application locally it works perfect and by the way my local working IP address will be something like this 10.52.xxx.xxx. So request has 10.52.xxx.xxx and response is given to 10.52.xxx.xxx and all happies
Now things looks perfect and I planned to deploy this project in a Server which has an IP addess of 172.32.xxx.xxx and I have completed deployment of the same.
Now the issue which I am facing is that when I try to make a request to the project in the server (172.32.xxx.xxx) from my network (10.52.xxx.xxx).
In my project I have code like
String ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); //gets request IP address to give a new instance of browser

Now the variable ip contains an IP address of 172.32.xxx.xxx. So my code will try to give a browser instance to 172.32.xxx.xxx which doesn't exist. It should ideally give the browser instance back to 10.52.xxx.xxx as this is from which it had received the request so it has to respond to this IP.
I know both Server and the client request are in different IP network but I would like to know all possible solutions to fix the same so that browser is given back to 10.52.xxx.xxx.
Any help highly appreciated.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Son TV REVIEW
Written by Andrew Johnstone on September 10, 2017
Witchdoctor Rating
- 7/10
Former Bond Pierce Brosnan is a murderous, Indian-scalping oil tycoon in The Son, and ANDREW JOHNSTONE is here to give it the thumb's up.
Up in the new releases section at Lightbox was The Son starring Pierce Brosnan. "Ugh," I thought, and then wondered at my reaction. What was that all about?
Pierce Brosnan hit the big time with 1980s hit TV series Remington Steele. I could recall nothing about it except that his co-star was Stephanie Zimbalist. I always thought Zimbalist a curious name. It's Russian as it turns out. No Breaking Bad, this romantic comedy was more like candy on a stick, satisfying in the moment but easily forgotten – which is how I perceived Brosnan.
Irishman Brosnan grew up in England. "You're Irish. And they make you feel it. The British have a wonderful way of doing that, and I had a certain deep sense of being an outsider." He had to get out of that place, eventually running away to the circus where he learned to perform. This led him to acting and a lucrative career. "It was something I liked doing and I was good at it."
His first wife Cassandra Harris landed a role in a For Your Eyes Only (1981) and came away thinking her husband would make a great Bond. She didn't live to see it happen, succumbing to cancer in 1991.
Bond made Brosnan famous and since retiring from the roll in 2005 he has maintained a healthy A-List film career. Notable successes include the Abba musical Mama Mia and thriller The Matador. His television appearances have been sporadic and The Son is his first series lead in 30 years.
Brosnan's symmetrical face sits nicely in Eli McCullough's sculpted grey beard, and no… age has not diminished this man's beauty. At 64 he might be described as 'silver' or 'fine wine', much like Eli.
Eli rides, drinks, shoots and schemes. He cuts off ears to get information and swings rope around the necks of interlopers. He is a man bound to no law but his own. "You're the devil," says his favourite son Pete late in Series One, and he doesn't mean it in good way.
The Son has taken its style cue from the 1989 TV adaptation of Larry McMurtry's 1985 novel Lonesome Dove, a straightforward production template against which creator Phillip Meyer has added a layer of untarnished political subtext to contrast McMurtry's 'rose tinted' Texan mythology.
McMurtry's Texas Rangers are heroic figures. In Meyer's Texas the Rangers are killers being paid to cleanse land for white settlers. In one scene, teenage Eli (played by a persuasive Jacob Lofland) takes down a Ranger who is about to kill a Comanche 'associate'. "We just want them off our land," screams the young man, as Eli lifts his scalp.
Kidnapped and enslaved by Indians, Eli's back-story is one of the series' great strengths, and through the eyes of Eli the younger we get to experience the last gasp of traditional Comanche society while examining the circumstances that made Eli the man he is.
Eli McCullough is Machiavellian, murderous, deceitful and self-serving, a microcosm of the wider community to which he belongs. The Law And Order League is the precursor of the KKK and is active in the nearby town. Led by the odious and manipulative Saloon Keeper Niles Gilbert, we get another account of ethnic cleansing. Whenever there's a problem or a scapegoat/distraction needed, Niles ramps up the rhetoric and Mexican blood is spilt.
Meyer's Texas is helmed by self-serving men, and many will recognise the parallels with Trump's America. This seems to be Meyer's point: The American Dream is built on blood, exploitation and careless sin neatly hidden behind a veil of self-aggrandising myth. His other point seems to be is that nothing has changed. Exploitation is still a revered American pastime.
The Son is an intergenerational family drama drawn from a line of particular ruthlessness that runs through the McCulloch genes. McCulloch senior and his eldest son Phineas have it, and it has not escaped Eli's eye that his teenage granddaughter Jeanie might be cut from the same cloth, as he sets about 'educating' her. After all, she is going to be the custodian of the oil wealth that is to be his legacy. Yes, there is oil under the land, and Eli is about to do the worst a man can do in order to secure full access to it.
Beware the Garcia's next door. This gentle family of wealthy Mexican ranchers caught on the wrong side of the border have placed their trust in American law and believe that no matter what, they will be protected by its tenants. Their faith, it turns out, is misjudged.
The Son is not perfect and sometimes Brosnan looks a little uneven as he tries to lay out the workings of a sociopath, but that's a quibble. Mostly, his Eli McCulloch is compelling, and if you are prepared to suspend your disbelief, the series whips along like a mad thing on a hot day. Zahn McClarnon is special as Comanche chief Toshaway, and his grace and poise almost steal the show.
As for Brosnan, I was so taken with him that I am going to go back and have a look at some of the many Brosnan movies I have missed over the years simply because I was nursing an unwarranted prejudice. His Kiwi counterpart, A-Lister Sam Neill was due to play the role but pulled out for personal reasons. I doubt Sam could have done it any better.
* The Son is currently streaming on Lightbox.
* The Internet and 'TV on Demand' has revolutionised the way we watch TV shows. No longer beholden to television networks and their programming whims and scheduling, we can watch back-to-back episodes of new and old shows to our heart's content without those annoying advertisements interrupting the narrative flow. TV viewing has suddenly become more accessible, democratic and a hell of a lot more fun. ANDREW JOHNSTONE scours the available channels and finds the best of the best, so you don't have to.
Andrew Johnstone
Andrew Johnstone is Witchdoctor's Film & TV Editor. He also writes and produces music (with creative partner, legendary Waikato music producer Zed Brookes), is an avid gardener, former dairy farmer and food industry sales person. When he isn't making up stories he writes about the stories he sees on television and at the cinema. He is also fascinated by politics (the social democratic sort) and describes The Universal Declaration of Human Rights as his religion.


text:
La Cruz de Carlos III el Noble de Navarra es una condecoración creada por el Gobierno de Navarra mediante Decreto Foral 104/1997, de 14 de abril.

Descripción
Su creación y concesión tiene como fin resaltar los méritos de las personas y entidades que «han contribuido de forma destacada al progreso de Navarra o a la proyección exterior de la Comunidad Foral», desde el ámbito concreto de su actividad, y toma su nombre del rey navarro Carlos III el Noble "que destaca entre el conjunto de los reyes de Navarra por su talante pacífico y conciliador, por sus iniciativas en favor de la cultura y del arte y por el establecimiento de relaciones de paz y amistad con las demás cortes europeas".

Se concede por el Gobierno de Navarra mediante Decreto Foral y se entrega en un acto solemne. Aunque su normativa no dice nada al respecto de la periodicidad, la costumbre es la concesión de varias cruces cada año y su entrega conjunta en el mismo acto.

Personas y entidades premiadas
Hasta el momento las personas y entidades galardonadas han sido las siguientes:

1997

 Francisco Salinas Quijada (1915-2006), jurista y estudioso de los Fueros de Navarra.
 Julián Chivite Marco (1910 – 1996), viticultor, propietario de las bodegas navarras que llevan su nombre, en Cintruénigo, y cofundador del Consejo Regulador de la Denominación de Origen de Vinos de Navarra.

1999

 Valeriano Ordóñez Fernández (1924-2003), religioso jesuita, floclorista, compositor y estudioso de la Jota Navarra.
 Miguel Ángel Argal Echarri (1934-2017), eclesiástico y fundador de "Medicus Mundi" en Navarra en 1972, presidente del internacional en 1999.

2001

 Jesús Luis Iribarren Rodríguez (1908-2008), jurista y abogado, hermano de José María Iribarren.
 María Puy Huici Goñi (1915-2008), maestra y gran historiadora de Navarra.
 Eduardo Hernández Asiáin (1911-2010), violinista cubano con ascendencia navarra.

2004

 Asociación de "Los Amigos del Camino de Santiago de Estella", asociación constituida el 27 de marzo de 1962.
 Asociación Bilaketa, entidad cultural de la villa de Aoiz fundada en septiembre de 1976.
 Carmen Batlle Parente, profesora, periodista y promotora cultural argentina con ascendencia navarra.

2005

 Conchita Guerendiáin Larráyoz (Propietaria del Restaurante Las Pocholas).
 Isabel Garbayo Ayala, fundadora de Villa Teresita.
 María Josefa Huarte Beaumont, mecenas y benefactora, hija de Félix Huarte Goñi.

2008

 Leonardo Polo Barrena (1926-2013), filósofo, escritor y profesor de la Universidad de Navarra.
 Sandalio Monreal Suberviola (1931-2017), navarro emigrante, fue presidente del Centro Navarro de Rosario y presidente de la Federación de Centros Navarros de Argentina.
 Antonio Azcona Munilla (1928-2012), capellán en la cárcel de Pamplona durante 33 años.
 María Carmen Forcada González (1920-) decoradora, restauradora de la Casa del Almirante, de Tudela, palacio renacentistas, actualmente centro cultural.

2009

 Alfonso Nieto Tamargo (1932-2012), fue rector de la Universidad de Navarra.
 José Joaquín Pérez de Obanos Liso (a título póstumo), presidente de la Confederación de Cooperativas Agrarias de España y presidente de la UCAN, la Unión de Cooperativas Agrarias de Navarra, fallecido en el accidente aéreo ocurrido en 2008.
 Miguel de la Quadra-Salcedo Gayarre (1932-2016), reportero, promotor cultural y atleta.
 Congregación de las Hermanitas de los Pobres.

2010

 Juan Antonio Sagardoy Bengoechea.
 Asociación de Jubilados Arkupeak - Jubilatuen Elkartea Arkupeak.
 María Ángeles Mezquíriz Irujo.
 Asociación "Les Amis de la Vieille Navarre".
 Orden del Volatín.
 Rosa Mary Ibáñez Zapatero.
 Agustín Otondo Dufurrena.

2011

 Fundación Proyecto Hombre Navarra.
 Banco de alimentos de Navarra.
 Crisanto Ayanz Monreal, presidente de la Federación de Centros Navarros de Argentina y Chile.
 Organización Manos Unidas.

2014
 María Victoria Flamarique Zaratiegui, jotera.
 Encarnación Flamarique Zaratiegui, jotera.
 Ascensión Jiménez Esquíroz (Atxen), empresaria y restauradora de Tafalla, propietaria del famoso restaurante Tubal.
 Jesús Mª Muneta Martínez de Morentin.
 Ángel Ruiz de Erenchun Oficialdegui, abogado y político.
2015
 Jesús y Rául Anoz Laspeñas, joteros.
 María Victoria Arraiza, política, parlamentaria, presidenta de la Asociación de Amigos del Camino de Santiago en Navarra.
 José Antonio Arzoz Martínez, sacerdote y experto en Ciencias de la Educación, «distinguido por su trabajo pastoral, cultural y social hacia los emigrantes españoles en Alemania, país en el que a lo largo de 48 años ha impulsado iniciativas sociales, educativas y pastorales para facilitar su integración».
 Matías Escribano López, periodista y fundador del grupo editorial Ribera Navarra.
 Gabriel Imbuluzqueta Alcasena, periodista, investigador y divulgador de la cultura tradicional de Navarra.
 Javier López de Munáin, librero, fundador de la ya desaparecida Librería 'El Parnasillo' en Pamplona.
2016
 Izaskun Arratibel Pastor, letrada y expresidenta de San Fermin Ikastola y de la Federación Navarra de Ikastolas.
 Julio Ayesa Echarri, experto en relaciones públicas.
 Mario Gaviria Labarta, sociólogo.
 Gregorio Javier Monreal Zia, jurista y político.
 Javier Molina Garicano, pediatra, experto en oncología infantil.
 Koldo Rodero Armendáriz, cocinero.
 Manuel Torres Martínez, fundador del Grupo Industrial MTorres.
 Difusora Cultural Cinematográfica S.A. "Golem".
 Institución Oberena Dantza Taldea.
2017
 Sociedad Aralar Mendi Elkartea, organizadora del Día del Pastor (Artzai Eguna), con ocasión de su 50.ª edición.
 Asociación DYA Navarra, asociación de ayuda en carretera,
 Humberto Bustince Sola, por el fomento de la docencia y la investigación aplicadas a las actividades de I+D+i.
 Joxe Ulibarrena Arellano, escultor, por «su contribución al impulso de la cultura navarra, como actividad creativa y también como forma de vida de un grupo social».
 Julián Retegi Barberia, famoso pelotari, conocido deportivamente como Retegui II, el más laureado de todos los tiempos, considerado el mejor de la historia.
 Mirentxu Purroy Ferrer, periodista.
 Javier Ochoa Martínez, viticultor y fundador de Bodegas Ochoa, de Olite.
2018<ref>[https://www.navarra.es/home_es/Actualidad/Sala+de+prensa/Noticias/2018/04/18/gobierno+concede+cruces+carlos+III.htm 'El Gobierno concede la Cruz de Carlos III a nueve personas y entidades por contribuir a la proyección y el prestigio de la Comunidad Foral]. Navarra.es</ref>
 Uxúa López Flamarique, investigadora.
 Ana Díez Díaz, directora de cine.
 Ascensión Cruchaga Lasa, empresaria.
 María Pilar, Rosario y María Antonia Frías Sagardoy, arquitectas.
 Mirentxu Oyarzabal Irigoyen, endocrinóloga.
 Federación de Coros de Navarra.
 Julia, Juana María y Manuela Arza Suescun, propietarias del Restaurante Hartza.
 Asociación Gaz Kaló para la Defensa del Pueblo Gitano.
 Marian Arregi Sarasola, a título póstumo'', y Juan Antonio Urbeltz Navarro, matrimonio fundador de Argia Dantza Taldea.

2019

 Asociación de Amas de Casa, Consumidores y Usuarios Santa María la Real.
 Aurelio Sagaseta Aríztegui, sacerdote y compositor.
 Grupo Los Iruña'ko, grupo musical formado en Pamplona en 1954, un referente de la música pamplonesa de las décadas de 1950 y 1960.
 Fátima Djarra Sani, activista e integrante de Médicos del Mundo en Navarra.
 Jesús Cía Asensio, empresa de cultivo ecológico con puestos de reinserción social.
 Pedro Blanco Ariza, periodista y divulgador de la Ribera.
 Julio Sesma Martínez, impulsor de la recuperación de la memoria histórica en Navarra.
 Jesús Sarasa Murugarren, ingeniero agrónomo director general de la cooperativa Grupo AN.

2020

 Asociación Española contra el Cáncer-Delegación de Navarra (AECC Navarra).
 María José Calasanz, codirectora científica del Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada.
 Gregorio Luri Medrano, filósofo defensor de la escuela pública.
 Ana María Monreal, ingeniera industrial.
 Patxi Salaberri Zaratiegi, filólogo investigador sobre el euskera.
2021

 David Beriáin, periodista de la localidad navarra de Artajona asesinado el 26 de abril de 2021 en Burkina Faso.
 Florencio Domínguez, periodista experto en víctimas del terrorismo.
 Lorenzo Sarratea, presidente de la Denominación de Origen Roncal.
 Isabel Sola, investigadora y experta en coronavirus.
 Helena Taberna, directora de cine.

Véase también
 Órdenes, condecoraciones y medallas de España
 Medalla de Oro de Navarra

Referencias

Cruz de Carlos III el Noble de Navarra

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The project was to create a visual identity and artworks for an artist who wanted to sell digitalised modular packs through an online shop. We decided to go for a style that reminded the colors of the time when the modular where created. Each pack would also be visualized by an unique lissajous soundwave.
The four main colors were chosen to visualize the 60-70's look and feel we wanted.
Sound Provider releases different sorts of products such as analog sounds pack, digital sounds pack or limited sounds editions. Each pack needs to have its own personality. And a sound has a personality. We can visualise it through lissajous.
Each pack has its own artwork with its own lissajous soundwave that was created with some processing code.


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I would like more information regarding the property at 2707 W FERNWOOD Drive, Phoenix AZ 85086 - (MLS #5867309).


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Marketers have long used these tools to create rewarding experiences and build consumer engagement, and are now beginning to define and understand them as branded value.


To the weary business traveler, Omni Hotels & Resorts comes as a welcome respite, with chic accommodations, amenity-rich room experiences, and convenient locations in the most coveted cities across North America. In fact, Omni is so convenient for business travel that the brand earned a reputation as the place to stay for busy professionals.
But Omni didn't want to stop there. To entice travelers to also choose Omni for pleasure travel, the brand wanted to show the ways in which fine living transcends daily life and travel. What better way to discuss dining experiences, travel trends, bespoke products, and must-do adventures than a sensory-rich print and digital experience?
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text:
Tag Archives: football
Monday Musings on an Arsenal Front
Ok Gooners, so we've had a couple days to digest that match from Friday, the anger levels will have reduced, the red mist cleared enough to reflect a bit more objectively and draw some positives that we can build on. No? Fully understand. It still hurts doesn't it? A whole weekend ruined. I don't know about you but for me the remaining games of the weekend just didn't have that same appeal any more. Match of the day was skipped and with the added annoyance of playing on a Friday it made a wretched weekend last even longer.
It's not an ideal start to the season and only adds to the pressure that befalls Mikel Arteta. The togetherness and team spirit needed going into a new season isn't quite evident yet and it's hoped all is well behind the scenes. Let's get it straight here, amid a number of rumours floating about no one truly knows. Take the rumours on twitter with a pinch of salt. One thing we can expect is to get the reasons delivered to us in HD when Amazon releases their cash cow at the end of the season.
Amazon loving this right now
So next up is Chelsea, a team that could really rub salt into the wounds or could be the confidence boosting jump start we desperately need. It's not looking great at the moment with the potential loss of both Aubamyang and Lacazette for that fixture. The loss of experienced forwards will be a massive blow and it's hoped "doubtful" gets upgraded to "available" come match day. They aren't fully ruled out so we have to hold onto that with a some semblance of hope. As mentioned earlier I'd hold fire on the speculation as nothing is definite at this time. It wasn't long ago when Aubamyang was accused of all sorts of defiance and trouble making only for it to be revealed he had contracted Malaria. Yes, I understand two players at same time coming down with something doesn't seem right but I'm going to reserve judgement until more is revealed.
The truth will eventually be revealed
Alleged internal unrest aside what we mustn't forget is the return of the Highbury Emirates faithful next Sunday. A packed stadium full of Arsenal fans acting as the twelfth man to cheer the team on cannot be understated. Regardless of our views on the ownership or the current manager or even individual players on the pitch what we must do is make sure we come together as one. Beating Chelsea is on par with beating Spurs and you don't get a sweeter feeling than experiencing that and losing your voice in the process.
We've got a week to get our house in order, we may miss vital personnel, and we may also have the chance to blood new signings. Odegaard rumours refuse to go away and it seems there some truth into his unwanted status at Real Madrid and the possibility of returning to Emirates is very real. A signing I would welcome and hope gets over the line. The young Norwegian is just one of a few names bouncing around. One thing is for sure, after the sale of Joe Willock to Newcastle there's funds to spend. One player who won't be coming is Tammy Abraham as his transfer to Roma is 90% over the line as at time off writing he is en route to Rome for a medical.
From an outgoing perspective there's still question marks hanging over the futures of Ainsley Maitland-Niles, Reiss Nelson, Sead Kolasinac, Willian, Lucas Torreira, Hector Bellerin and Rob Holding. A current injury to Eddie Nketiah has probably halted any transfer dealings for him whilst Flo Balogun could well do with a loan to aid his development.
Torreira enjoying life away from Arsenal
Its stick or twist in the transfer market as the club seems to favour moving on these players before bringing in replacements. A few of the names mentioned could still do a job in the team so it's interesting to see how things unfold over the coming fortnight.
Well that's it from me, I hope your week improves from the weekend, and I'll sign off now with listing a positive, a negative and some food for thought.
Performance of ESR, Tierney and Lokonga
Kit looked nice
Playing out from back problems are still here
Forwards crisis
Food for Thought:
Is Ben white suited to a back three over a centre back pairing?
Just who should be kept on to play Right back and who should go?
Should Martinelli be our central striker during our forward crisis?
I hope as the season passes the positives far outweigh the negatives. Fingers crossed!
Posted on August 16, 2021 by GambeanoSnitch.	Posted in Arsenal	| Tagged arsenal, football, soccer
Victory From The Jaws Of Failure: The Arsenal Way
If Carlsberg did endings to matches… they probably wouldn't do it like that but hey, what an adrenaline rush. The roller coaster of emotion that Arsenal fans experienced yesterday was enough to hospitalise the strongest of hearts.
After a weekend of favourable results from those clubs around the Arsenal it was important to maximise the advantage and obtain all three points from the game. I'm sure the players would have been aware of the Liverpool Swansea result and been reminded of the potential banana skin a fixture against one of the lower opponents in the league could pose.
In fairness the performance was positive despite some questionable wastefulness in front of goal. The chances were coming but the ball wouldn't hit the back of the net, always a dangerous situation the longer the game goes on. However you felt it was only a matter of time before the Gunners would break the deadlock. When Shkodran Mustafi rose to head home Ozil's corner in the second half a huge sigh of relief was expelled and then it was a case of when the second goal would come so we could relax and enjoy the rest of our Sunday. More fool anyone who thought the match would play out to script, that script was ripped to shreds for good measure. From a state of total comfort our very own Granit Xhaka had other ideas with a red card challenge, I know fans have been divided in opinion of whether he deserved to go or not.
I usually sit on the fence but if I'm being honest it was a red and he has only himself to blame. If this was a one off out of character error of judgement the benefit of the doubt could be given but sadly the young Swiss is beginning to get a reputation for such moments in games. I believe in the player strongly and do feel he offers a lot to the team but the disciplinary side to his game needs to be curbed because once painted with such a brush the referee is more likely to rule he is in the wrong for any contentious 50/50 split decisions. Arsenal can't afford to have referees making their mind up on our players before a ball is kicked because you end up in situations like yesterday fighting an uphill battle with 10 men on the field. It's not his first bit of controversy this season and there can be a thin line between reliable and liability.
Xhaka now faces a four match ban at a time when player numbers are stretched enough as it is. You would argue that Coquelin returning is perfect timing to soften the blow until you see the challenge he put in to concede the penalty against Burnley. Ok, that's a bit harsh I am glad to have the Frenchman back but now he needs to be wrapped in cotton wool for the next four games at least as their aren't too many options after Coquelin and Ramsey to fill that central role right now.
So as I have alluded to the red card switched the dynamics of the game from one of comfort to one of unease and tension. Burnley gained a spring in their step and despite a spirited effort to keep the team with the player advantage at bay the inevitable happened in injury time. A penalty won after a trip by Coquelin put the club and the fans in the horrible position of witnessing us throwing away maximum points when seconds away from victory.
When Andre Gray blasted in that penalty the heart sank, all the negative feelings came flooding in; you could almost hear the collective beeps of mobile phones nationwide in synchronisation of whatsapps, tweets and texts flooding Arsenal fans' phones from their Spurs, United, Liverpool and Chelsea supporting friends mocking the predicament the club had just witnessed. It started to kick off on the side-lines too; Arsene was apparently sent off by the ref and had some afters with the fourth official that is likely to put him in some very deep water.
The script that was rewriting itself had not finished though, there was one final twist to this story and thank goodness that worked out as a happier ending for the Gunners. With even fewer seconds on the clock a free kick into the box resulted in a kick to the face on Koscielny and the ref awarded another penalty. There were claims that Koscielny was offside but a kick to the face is a kick to the face. It was an unbelievable turn of events as the emotion had now switched from utter dejection to hope once again. An awarded penalty is great but you still have to score it, a moment like that required nerves of steel and there was no other player on the field you would entrust with the honour than Alexis Sanchez. With a touch of nonchalance the penalty was dinked down the centre of the field and the Gunners were now 2-1 up.
How as a fan could you not explode with excitement and joy at such a finish to the game? Many rival fans have mocked our celebrations but for reference think back to Man united scoring in the last minute at Hull or Tottenham scoring the last minute at West Ham to name a few. We didn't celebrate like we had won the league but we did celebrate like a team that regained a victory in the dying seconds of the game when everything seemed to have gone against us; call it what you want whilst sucking on those bitter lemons.
As it stands we just need to take each day as it comes, the fallout from this game will become clearer as the week goes on. 2nd in the league now and a game against Chelsea not too far off in the future, dropped points yesterday would have been the worst possible outcome. Now we roll on, yesterday was far from enjoyable but the final result was the most important factor. Hopefully the players will learn from all the negatives but also take encouragement from the positives. Enjoy your day people!
Posted on January 23, 2017 by GambeanoSnitch.	Posted in Arsenal	| Tagged alexis sanchez, burnley fc, football, mustafi
Valentine's celebrations all round for the Gunners.
Now that is the way to end a game, to win with effectively the last kick of the game you would struggle to find a scenario which can be bettered in football. It may not be the winner on the final day of the season but when you consider the turn of events during the game the relief, joy and ecstasy experienced in one special moment will live long in Gunners' fans memories. The fact that it was Danny Welbeck who got the winner made for a Hollywood script in its execution.
Other than the fact that many Gunners fans most likely spent the rest of their Valentine's day with a loss of voice I'm sure the spouses of those very same fans will have enjoyed the company of their partner in one of the best moods of their lives (well, those who didn't decide to celebrate the victory down the pub for the rest of the day).
Leading up to this game the pressure was on the Gunners to get a result to avoid losing touch with Leicester. Home advantage meant little, you only had to see Leicester's result at the Etihad last week to realise that Arsenal were coming up against a team in top form playing with no fear whatsoever. Much talk was over how the Gunners would cope with the pace of the Leicester attack and the overwhelming consensus was the choice of Gabriel to partner Koscielny at the back was best to deal with the threat of Vardy, Mahrez et al.
About an hour before kick-off news filtered through that Gabriel was in fact injured and Per Mertesacker had returned to the line-up. Not the news everyone wanted to hear however it is easy to forget Mertesacker has got to where he has in his career never having pace. Reading of the game and 100% focus is equally important and I stand corrected for also having kittens when the team news first broke.
Generally we did ok handling the pace of Leicester, understandably the red card to Danny Simpson made defending somewhat easier in the second half but it is those very moments in the past where Arsenal have shot themselves in the foot from a comfortable position. You need to be focused, well organised and concentrate at all times to reap the benefits of the victory gained. Not forgetting Koscielny was replaced at half time and the slightly raw and less pacey Callum Chambers replaced him. The chances that Leicester did create were more down to great build up rather than exposing any lack of pace.
This post is less focused on providing a match report and more focusing on the key points of the game so it is definitely worth touching on Ozil's performance.
Now if I'm being honest yesterday happened to be one of the worst performances I have seen from Mesut Ozil in a long time. I am one of his biggest backers and this season has certainly been one of his best in an Arsenal shirt but yesterday absolutely nothing was coming off for him. Every neat flick and trick did not come off; he dwelled on the ball that micro-second longer than usual which resulted in him getting dispossessed in good positions and his head seemed to drop at the frustration. I do not even recall hearing his recent chant being heard from the stands and that can only be testament to a performance below the excellent high standards which have been set.
Another assist.
Having said that the key assist to the winner came from the very boot of Mesut Ozil. If anything it proves that when you have class players on the pitch even if they are having a bad game there is always the possibility of that one piece of quality that can be produced to win you the game. Take your star player off at your peril, well done Arsene on keeping the faith.
Special notice goes to Danny Welbeck for his fantastic winner after such a long time out injured. He may not be everyone's cup of tea but he certainly endeared himself that little bit more to Gunners fans in his time with the club. His naming on the bench came as a surprise given Arsene's caution in handling his comeback but at the final whistle the choice was justified.
The tough games are coming thick and fast with Man United, Barcelona and Spurs game not too far away it hits home how important 3 points were yesterday. It is hoped the recent blip is now behind the Arsenal and a chance to prove true title resolve will be taken with both hands.
Posted on February 15, 2016 by GambeanoSnitch.	Posted in Arsenal	| Tagged arsenal, football, leicester, mesut ozil, soccer, welbeck
Will Arsenal Make The Most Of Transfer Deadline Day?
As the transfer windows draws towards shutting today many Arsenal fans are still left scratching their heads wondering if the club will address the problem areas which have been identified since last season to turn Arsenal from nearly men to genuine contenders for league honours. Gary Neville's words last Monday may have ruffled a few feathers amongst the Arsenal hierarchy however it was hard for many Gunners' fans not to agree with some of the points addressed.
The good feeling and belief from a near perfect pre season was wiped instantly on opening day and the grumbles and moans have become more and more audible with each week that Arsenal fail to live up to the big expectations laid upon them. A few results have been churned out to repair the opening day damage but the quality of performance in general has been lacking from the play.
Will the often pleaded signings of a defensive midfield challenger and top class striker have made a difference to the games so far? Most likely, in the same way that any new signings can boost a team's performance on a psychological level. Petr Cech is no doubt an excellent acquisition but the deficiencies outfield are yet to be addressed.
Francis Coquelin has earned his way into the 1st team but much of his elevation to the Arsenal team has been fuelled by a hunger last season to prove himself. That is only part of the battle, once you rise to the top and receive the plaudits you require a new focus to maintain the upward trajectory of influence upon the team.
Right now there is no one in the Arsenal squad that offers true competition to Francis Coquelin's position in the defensive midfield role of the team. He can sit pretty in the knowledge that there is no true challenger to keep him on his toes from the likes of Arteta and Flamini. Beyond those two is the promising but completely raw Bielik and that is where the problem lies. It is not to say that Coquelin's performances have been poor so far this season but the threat of complacency setting in is very real.
I can almost liken the defensive midfield conundrum to the goalkeeping situation at the club a few years back. Sczcesny rose through the ranks to become number 1 choice between the sticks for the club. At the time it was deserved, he was fulfilling his potential and making a go of it. His challengers at the time Vito Mannone and Lukasz Fabianski although as proved now are far better keepers than many believed at the time were never ever a threat to the number one jersey.
Season after season with no true threat to his position you could see the complacency set in with the Polish stopper. Instead of pushing on to a higher level he became stagnant in the knowledge he was number one and anytime Manone or Fabianski played they dropped a clanger. I still believe Sczcesny to be a good keeper but the professionalism and concentration in his game has waned in the last couple years. The arrival of Ospina was the kick up the arse he needed and although he is out on loan the door is not shut on his Arsenal career. It's up to him to get his head down and focus on what is required of a top level goalkeeper and win back his place and respect of his peers.
Now we don't want that situation to occur with Coquelin, an ideal situation is for him to have a genuine threat to his position in the team. A player that could usurp Coquelin if his level of performance drops and require him to fight to earn back his place. At present Arteta and Flamini offer something to the squad but their best days are behind them and in all honesty do not pose genuine competition to Coquelin. Can Wenger surprise us and address this area of the team or will his loyalty to current midfield cloud his judgement?
Up front is the other problem area and you do wonder if the striking position will be addressed. All Arsenal fans can see it, all pundits can see it but the one man who can make it happen does he see it or choose to ignore it? With Danny Welbeck currently out of the picture the argument that a top striker is needed may be falling on deaf ears. Arsenal fans can argue that so far Olivier Giroud and Theo Walcott haven't delivered as much as we would like. The big question is whether Arsene Wenger has the 'like a new signing' excuse readied for Welbeck's return as his answer to the criticism.
When we review Arsenals strikers' you could say that Olivier Giroud offers power but lacks pace and a clinical finish. Theo Walcott offers Pace but lacks power and a clinical finish whilst Danny Welbeck offers Pace and Power but is probably the least clinical finisher of the three.
The answer to all Arsenal's striking problems is a striker that has all three attributes but they aren't exactly hanging off trees. I struggle to list off established strikers that fit that criteria, it's an exclusive club and is likely to cause some serious damage to the Arsenal Cheque book to acquire any. Arsenal have the spending power now to get most players they desire, despite Manchester City doing their best to implode the market a top striker should still be acquirable within a non astronomical price range.
All Arsenal fans can do now is sit back and watch how the rest of the day unfolds. For ITK's today is like Christmas day, expect an avalanche of BS stories clogging your timelines/feeds.
Posted on September 1, 2015 by GambeanoSnitch.	Posted in Arsenal	| Tagged afc, arsenal, football, soccer, transfer deadline day


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Bullies will pick on the kids who don't stand up against them because it's less trouble to do so. Therefore, teaching kids how to stand up for themselves puts them in a better position in the long run, even if they get beaten in a fight they will not be bullied any longer.
Teaching all kids how to fight could lead to an increase in violent bullying as opposed to verbal bullying.
Making yourself a victim is highly rewarded by society and the children can profit a lot by having the skill to do so.
It would be more effective to consider fixing the source of the problem by using viable methods for emotional handling on all students such as cognitive behavioral therapy at an early age. This would work because both bullying and victimization from bullying are emotional responses.
Reducing bullying as a whole is a better tactic to solve this problem in the long run. Better hallway/classroom monitoring could help, or increasing staff/student ratios.
Teaching kids good communication skills (such as saying "so what?" to insults, killing bullies with kindness, showing genuine compassion to bullies) can be a more effective way to prevent a child from repetitive bullying.
Fighting verbal bullies with violence as an adult is a crime, and we should not be teaching our kids to be criminals. Learning how to deal with the bullies of the world, and cope with hate, is an important part of growing up.
Bullies often will only bully if it is entertaining to them. By providing a fight, you increase this incentive.
Does violence solve the answer?
Teaching a physically weak child that they should fight bullies could lead to more serious injuries than if they had ignored the bully.
An adult child has a moral responsibility to care for their parents.


text:
Toprak-kala (auch Topraq Qal'a) ist der moderne Name einer antiken choresmischen Stadt im heutigen Usbekistan. Toprak-kala liegt etwa 30 Kilometer nordöstlich von Biruniy in Karakalpakistan.

Die Stadt bedeckte ein Rechteck von etwa 500 × 350 Meter, das von einer 10 bis 15 Meter hohen Mauer aus luftgetrockneten Ziegeln, die wiederum Türme hatte, umgeben war. Im südlichen Teil der Stadt fanden sich die Wohnbauten, während der nördliche Teil unbebaut war und vielleicht als Marktplatz diente. In der Nordwestecke konnte ein großer, aus drei Teilen bestehender Palastkomplex ergraben werden. Es wird als das dreitürmige Schloss bezeichnet. Nördlich der Stadt befand sich ein weiterer Palastbezirk. Es wird vermutet, dass es sich hier um die ständige Residenz der choresmischen Könige handelte. Der letztere Komplex war ungefähr 350 × 400 Meter groß und bedeckte dabei 14 Hektar. Der Bau war teilweise mit Reliefs und Malereien dekoriert, doch ist er nur schlecht erhalten.

Das dreitürmige Schloss stand auf einer 14 Meter hohen Plattform und war ursprünglich ungefähr 80 × 80 Meter groß. Später wurden noch drei Blöcke von etwa 40 × 40 Meter angebaut. Dieses Gebäude hatte einst mehr als 150 Räume, von denen viele gewölbte Decken hatten, während große Räume wohl Holzdächer mit Holzsäulen hatten, die diese stützten. Die besonders reich ausgestatteten Räume fanden sich im Zentralbau. Ein 280 m² großer Saal hatte 10 Säulen und an einer Wand eine Nische. Die Wände waren bunt bemalt und mit flachen Reliefs dekoriert. Hier fanden sich auch Tonskulpturen choresmischer Herrscher. Sie standen einst auf einer Bank die an den Wänden des Saales entlang lief. Es wird vermutet, dass der Saal dem Herrscherkult diente. Ein anderer Saal wies Reliefs von tanzenden Paaren auf. Ein weiterer Saal war mit Reliefs ausgestattet, die Damhirsche in fast natürlicher Größe zeigten. Zahlreiche Räume der Anlage waren mit Malereien ausgestattet. Der Komplex wird auf das zweite bis vierte nachchristliche Jahrhundert datiert. Es wird vermutet, dass es sich bei dem dreitürmigen Schloss um eine kultische Anlage handelte.

Ausgrabungen fanden von 1945 bis 1950 unter der Leitung von Sergei Pawlowitsch Tolstow statt. Weitere Ausgrabungen führte in den 1970er Jahren Juri A. Rapoport durch.

Literatur
 Boris J. Stawiskij: Die Völker Mittelasiens im Lichte ihrer Kunstdenkmäler, Bonn 1982, S. 128–36 ISBN 3-921591-23-6
 Yu. A. Rapoport, Toprak Kala, in: Oxford Art Online
 U. A. Rapoport, The Palaces of Topraq-Qalʿa, in: Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 1994, New Series, Vol. 8, The Archaeology and Art of Central Asia Studies From the Former Soviet Union (1994), pp. 161–185

Weblinks

  (engl.)
 Toprak Kala on heritageinstitute.com (engl.)

Choresmien
Archäologischer Fundplatz in Usbekistan
Archäologischer Fundplatz in Asien
Historische Stadt
Karakalpakistan


Robert discovered his passion for interior design while training as an architect. After working for firms in Philadelphia and Chicago, he joined a leading interior design team in Raleigh where he headed-up projects ranging from airport terminals and restaurants to single-family homes. He moves with ease between projects of different styles and scales, bringing a unique perspective to each space.
Robert holds a degree in Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania. He lives in a 100-year-old loft in downtown Durham with his partner Paul and their two cats. He stays inspired by his monthly trips to New York City.
Brittany grew up in the construction industry. Her father was a home-builder in central Illinois. In 2006 she came to the Triangle for an internship with a leading design firm in Raleigh and has been here ever since.
Brittany embraces the philosophy that home should make you happy. Interiors are about the people and the stories that live in them. She loves mastering the mix of fabrics, rugs and finishes that makes each project special, whether she's working on a client's home or a luxury community.
Brittany graduated with a degree in Interior Design from Brigham Young University-Idaho. She lives in Raleigh with her husband Sean and their dog Whiskey. She aspires to become a true Southerner.
Raised in Raleigh, Katerina is far from a typical southerner. Her father, a true Raleigh local and her mother, half-Greek and half-Egyptian supported her passion for the arts, giving her the opportunity to participate in numerous international music and art programs.
She holds degrees in Music Performance and French Literature from Emory University in Atlanta, as well as Interior Design and Studio Art degrees from Meredith College. She had the unparalleled opportunity to work alongside Robert and Brittany for four years at a leading design firm in the area. Her design and organizational skills continue to be essential to our team.
Katerina lives in Historic Oakwood with her dog, Fripp, and actively plays viola with local groups. When she isn't designing, Katerina takes her sister's yoga classes and goes scuba diving in the Caribbean with her family.