text:
package org.apache.cassandra.db.columniterator;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;

import org.apache.cassandra.db.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.filter.ColumnFilter;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.partitions.ImmutableBTreePartition;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format.SSTableReader;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.FileDataInput;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.FileHandle;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractIterator;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.btree.BTree;

/**
 *  A Cell Iterator in reversed clustering order over SSTable
 */
public class SSTableReversedIterator extends AbstractSSTableIterator
{
    /**
     * The index of the slice being processed.
     */
    private int slice;

    public SSTableReversedIterator(SSTableReader sstable,
                                   FileDataInput file,
                                   DecoratedKey key,
                                   RowIndexEntry indexEntry,
                                   Slices slices,
                                   ColumnFilter columns,
                                   FileHandle ifile)
    {
        super(sstable, file, key, indexEntry, slices, columns, ifile);
    }

    protected Reader createReaderInternal(RowIndexEntry indexEntry, FileDataInput file, boolean shouldCloseFile)
    {
        return indexEntry.isIndexed()
             ? new ReverseIndexedReader(indexEntry, file, shouldCloseFile)
             : new ReverseReader(file, shouldCloseFile);
    }

    public boolean isReverseOrder()
    {
        return true;
    }

    protected int nextSliceIndex()
    {
        int next = slice;
        slice++;
        return slices.size() - (next + 1);
    }

    protected boolean hasMoreSlices()
    {
        return slice < slices.size();
    }

    private class ReverseReader extends Reader
    {
        protected ReusablePartitionData buffer;
        protected Iterator<Unfiltered> iterator;

        // Set in loadFromDisk () and used in setIterator to handle range tombstone extending on multiple index block. See
        // loadFromDisk for details. Note that those are always false for non-indexed readers.
        protected boolean skipFirstIteratedItem;
        protected boolean skipLastIteratedItem;

        private ReverseReader(FileDataInput file, boolean shouldCloseFile)
        {
            super(file, shouldCloseFile);
        }

        protected ReusablePartitionData createBuffer(int blocksCount)
        {
            int estimatedRowCount = 16;
            int columnCount = metadata().regularColumns().size();
            if (columnCount == 0 || metadata().clusteringColumns().isEmpty())
            {
                estimatedRowCount = 1;
            }
            else
            {
                try
                {
                    // To avoid wasted resizing we guess-estimate the number of rows we're likely to read. For that
                    // we use the stats on the number of rows per partition for that sstable.
                    // FIXME: so far we only keep stats on cells, so to get a rough estimate on the number of rows,
                    // we divide by the number of regular columns the table has. We should fix once we collect the
                    // stats on rows
                    int estimatedRowsPerPartition = (int)(sstable.getEstimatedColumnCount().percentile(0.75) / columnCount);
                    estimatedRowCount = Math.max(estimatedRowsPerPartition / blocksCount, 1);
                }
                catch (IllegalStateException e)
                {
                    // The EstimatedHistogram mean() method can throw this (if it overflows). While such overflow
                    // shouldn't happen, it's not worth taking the risk of letting the exception bubble up.
                }
            }
            return new ReusablePartitionData(metadata(), partitionKey(), columns(), estimatedRowCount);
        }

        public void setForSlice(Slice slice) throws IOException
        {
            // If we have read the data, just create the iterator for the slice. Otherwise, read the data.
            if (buffer == null)
            {
                buffer = createBuffer(1);
                // Note that we can reuse that buffer between slices (we could alternatively re-read from disk
                // every time, but that feels more wasteful) so we want to include everything from the beginning.
                // We can stop at the slice end however since any following slice will be before that.
                loadFromDisk(null, slice.end(), false, false);
            }
            setIterator(slice);
        }

        protected void setIterator(Slice slice)
        {
            assert buffer != null;
            iterator = buffer.built.unfilteredIterator(columns, Slices.with(metadata().comparator, slice), true);

            if (!iterator.hasNext())
                return;

            if (skipFirstIteratedItem)
                iterator.next();

            if (skipLastIteratedItem)
                iterator = new SkipLastIterator(iterator);
        }

        protected boolean hasNextInternal() throws IOException
        {
            // If we've never called setForSlice, we're reading everything
            if (iterator == null)
                setForSlice(Slice.ALL);

            return iterator.hasNext();
        }

        protected Unfiltered nextInternal() throws IOException
        {
            if (!hasNext())
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return iterator.next();
        }

        protected boolean stopReadingDisk() throws IOException
        {
            return false;
        }

        // Reads the unfiltered from disk and load them into the reader buffer. It stops reading when either the partition
        // is fully read, or when stopReadingDisk() returns true.
        protected void loadFromDisk(ClusteringBound start,
                                    ClusteringBound end,
                                    boolean hasPreviousBlock,
                                    boolean hasNextBlock) throws IOException
        {
            // start != null means it's the block covering the beginning of the slice, so it has to be the last block for this slice.
            assert start == null || !hasNextBlock;

            buffer.reset();
            skipFirstIteratedItem = false;
            skipLastIteratedItem = false;

            // If the start might be in this block, skip everything that comes before it.
            if (start != null)
            {
                while (deserializer.hasNext() && deserializer.compareNextTo(start) <= 0 && !stopReadingDisk())
                {
                    if (deserializer.nextIsRow())
                        deserializer.skipNext();
                    else
                        updateOpenMarker((RangeTombstoneMarker)deserializer.readNext());
                }
            }

            // If we have an open marker, it's either one from what we just skipped or it's one that open in the next (or
            // one of the next) index block (if openMarker == openMarkerAtStartOfBlock).
            if (openMarker != null)
            {
                // We have to feed a marker to the buffer, because that marker is likely to be close later and ImmtableBTreePartition
                // doesn't take kindly to marker that comes without their counterpart. If that's the last block we're gonna read (for
                // the current slice at least) it's easy because we'll want to return that open marker at the end of the data in this
                // block anyway, so we have nothing more to do than adding it to the buffer.
                // If it's not the last block however, in which case we know we'll have start == null, it means this marker is really
                // open in a next block and so while we do need to add it the buffer for the reason mentioned above, we don't
                // want to "return" it just yet, we'll wait until we reach it in the next blocks. That's why we trigger
                // skipLastIteratedItem in that case (this is first item of the block, but we're iterating in reverse order
                // so it will be last returned by the iterator).
                ClusteringBound markerStart = start == null ? ClusteringBound.BOTTOM : start;
                buffer.add(new RangeTombstoneBoundMarker(markerStart, openMarker));
                if (hasNextBlock)
                    skipLastIteratedItem = true;
            }

            // Now deserialize everything until we reach our requested end (if we have one)
            // See SSTableIterator.ForwardRead.computeNext() for why this is a strict inequality below: this is the same
            // reasoning here.
            while (deserializer.hasNext()
                   && (end == null || deserializer.compareNextTo(end) < 0)
                   && !stopReadingDisk())
            {
                Unfiltered unfiltered = deserializer.readNext();
                UnfilteredValidation.maybeValidateUnfiltered(unfiltered, metadata(), key, sstable);
                // We may get empty row for the same reason expressed on UnfilteredSerializer.deserializeOne.
                if (!unfiltered.isEmpty())
                    buffer.add(unfiltered);

                if (unfiltered.isRangeTombstoneMarker())
                    updateOpenMarker((RangeTombstoneMarker)unfiltered);
            }

            // If we have an open marker, we should close it before finishing
            if (openMarker != null)
            {
                // This is the reverse problem than the one at the start of the block. Namely, if it's the first block
                // we deserialize for the slice (the one covering the slice end basically), then it's easy, we just want
                // to add the close marker to the buffer and return it normally.
                // If it's note our first block (for the slice) however, it means that marker closed in a previously read
                // block and we have already returned it. So while we should still add it to the buffer for the sake of
                // not breaking ImmutableBTreePartition, we should skip it when returning from the iterator, hence the
                // skipFirstIteratedItem (this is the last item of the block, but we're iterating in reverse order so it will
                // be the first returned by the iterator).
                ClusteringBound markerEnd = end == null ? ClusteringBound.TOP : end;
                buffer.add(new RangeTombstoneBoundMarker(markerEnd, openMarker));
                if (hasPreviousBlock)
                    skipFirstIteratedItem = true;
            }

            buffer.build();
        }
    }

    private class ReverseIndexedReader extends ReverseReader
    {
        private final IndexState indexState;

        // The slice we're currently iterating over
        private Slice slice;
        // The last index block to consider for the slice
        private int lastBlockIdx;

        private ReverseIndexedReader(RowIndexEntry indexEntry, FileDataInput file, boolean shouldCloseFile)
        {
            super(file, shouldCloseFile);
            this.indexState = new IndexState(this, metadata.comparator, indexEntry, true, ifile);
        }

        @Override
        public void close() throws IOException
        {
            super.close();
            this.indexState.close();
        }

        @Override
        public void setForSlice(Slice slice) throws IOException
        {
            this.slice = slice;

            // if our previous slicing already got us past the beginning of the sstable, we're done
            if (indexState.isDone())
            {
                iterator = Collections.emptyIterator();
                return;
            }

            // Find the first index block we'll need to read for the slice.
            int startIdx = indexState.findBlockIndex(slice.end(), indexState.currentBlockIdx());
            if (startIdx < 0)
            {
                iterator = Collections.emptyIterator();
                return;
            }

            lastBlockIdx = indexState.findBlockIndex(slice.start(), startIdx);

            // If the last block to look (in reverse order) is after the very last block, we have nothing for that slice
            if (lastBlockIdx >= indexState.blocksCount())
            {
                assert startIdx >= indexState.blocksCount();
                iterator = Collections.emptyIterator();
                return;
            }

            // If we start (in reverse order) after the very last block, just read from the last one.
            if (startIdx >= indexState.blocksCount())
                startIdx = indexState.blocksCount() - 1;

            // Note that even if we were already set on the proper block (which would happen if the previous slice
            // requested ended on the same block this one start), we can't reuse it because when reading the previous
            // slice we've only read that block from the previous slice start. Re-reading also handles
            // skipFirstIteratedItem/skipLastIteratedItem that we would need to handle otherwise.
            indexState.setToBlock(startIdx);

            readCurrentBlock(false, startIdx != lastBlockIdx);
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean hasNextInternal() throws IOException
        {
            if (super.hasNextInternal())
                return true;

            // We have nothing more for our current block, move the next one (so the one before on disk).
            int nextBlockIdx = indexState.currentBlockIdx() - 1;
            if (nextBlockIdx < 0 || nextBlockIdx < lastBlockIdx)
                return false;

            // The slice start can be in
            indexState.setToBlock(nextBlockIdx);
            readCurrentBlock(true, nextBlockIdx != lastBlockIdx);
            // since that new block is within the bounds we've computed in setToSlice(), we know there will
            // always be something matching the slice unless we're on the lastBlockIdx (in which case there
            // may or may not be results, but if there isn't, we're done for the slice).
            return iterator.hasNext();
        }

        /**
         * Reads the current block, the last one we've set.
         *
         * @param hasPreviousBlock is whether we have already read a previous block for the current slice.
         * @param hasNextBlock is whether we have more blocks to read for the current slice.
         */
        private void readCurrentBlock(boolean hasPreviousBlock, boolean hasNextBlock) throws IOException
        {
            if (buffer == null)
                buffer = createBuffer(indexState.blocksCount());

            // The slice start (resp. slice end) is only meaningful on the last (resp. first) block read (since again,
            // we read blocks in reverse order).
            boolean canIncludeSliceStart = !hasNextBlock;
            boolean canIncludeSliceEnd = !hasPreviousBlock;

            loadFromDisk(canIncludeSliceStart ? slice.start() : null,
                         canIncludeSliceEnd ? slice.end() : null,
                         hasPreviousBlock,
                         hasNextBlock);
            setIterator(slice);
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean stopReadingDisk() throws IOException
        {
            return indexState.isPastCurrentBlock();
        }
    }

    private class ReusablePartitionData
    {
        private final TableMetadata metadata;
        private final DecoratedKey partitionKey;
        private final RegularAndStaticColumns columns;

        private MutableDeletionInfo.Builder deletionBuilder;
        private MutableDeletionInfo deletionInfo;
        private BTree.Builder<Row> rowBuilder;
        private ImmutableBTreePartition built;

        private ReusablePartitionData(TableMetadata metadata,
                                      DecoratedKey partitionKey,
                                      RegularAndStaticColumns columns,
                                      int initialRowCapacity)
        {
            this.metadata = metadata;
            this.partitionKey = partitionKey;
            this.columns = columns;
            this.rowBuilder = BTree.builder(metadata.comparator, initialRowCapacity);
        }

        public void add(Unfiltered unfiltered)
        {
            if (unfiltered.isRow())
                rowBuilder.add((Row)unfiltered);
            else
                deletionBuilder.add((RangeTombstoneMarker)unfiltered);
        }

        public void reset()
        {
            built = null;
            rowBuilder = BTree.builder(metadata.comparator);
            deletionBuilder = MutableDeletionInfo.builder(partitionLevelDeletion, metadata().comparator, false);
        }

        public void build()
        {
            deletionInfo = deletionBuilder.build();
            built = new ImmutableBTreePartition(metadata, partitionKey, columns, Rows.EMPTY_STATIC_ROW, rowBuilder.build(),
                                                deletionInfo, EncodingStats.NO_STATS);
            deletionBuilder = null;
        }
    }

    private static class SkipLastIterator extends AbstractIterator<Unfiltered>
    {
        private final Iterator<Unfiltered> iterator;

        private SkipLastIterator(Iterator<Unfiltered> iterator)
        {
            this.iterator = iterator;
        }

        protected Unfiltered computeNext()
        {
            if (!iterator.hasNext())
                return endOfData();

            Unfiltered next = iterator.next();
            return iterator.hasNext() ? next : endOfData();
        }
    }
}


Mary McGrath is a master's student at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Her work focuses on political identity as it relates to environmental choice and behavior. She is interested in learning how science communication can better promote productive public dialogue around environmental challenges.


This is a 'laugh till you cry' for the last Time to Cry Tuesday of the year. There were so many very poignant things that have happened this holiday season, but for some reason I wanted to end on a funnier note. Too much heavy.
During another fit of house-purging this weekend, I came across this note. It is now hard to tell what came out of my parents' house and what my mom gave to me over the years. It matters not, for the fact that this has survived all this time is the whole point.
This, my friends, is a peek into the life of Little Amy. By the look of the handwriting – and the fact that I switched classes for English – I would say that this was 7th grade Amy, to be exact. And that would put me in the back of Mrs. Stoudt's English class next to my friend Kevin. So, I would guess that this was about me… and my big mouth. No surprise that in adolescence I had a tough time keeping the ole trap shut in class. I can still here her stopping class and saying, "Miss Zimmerman and Mr. Marrr-carrr-i… can you pleeeeease stop socializing.' Hey, we had stuff to talk about! We still do, actually.
Was she mad? I am pretty sure that since she saved this for 40 some-odd years, it is safe to say she was probably more amused than angry.
I do so love my group texts with my kids. I meet their expectations by always having typos.
Tonight I was feeling a little sad that I had spaced out on the whole Hanukkah thing with the family. For some reason I did not juggle a celebration into the schedule for all of us. This is utterly ridiculous since it is the first time in 7 years that all 4 of us live in the same place. Just another example of my Rock of Gibraltar-ness cracking. Let's face it, this has been going on since 2008, I don't think I can stake any claim to supermom status anymore.
Whatever, I did a dive save tonight.
You have to love Danny's response.


text:
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NATO Parliamentary Delegation Joins FSI Scholars for Discussion on Ukraine and Russia
FSI Director Michael McFaul, Kathryn Stoner, Francis Fukuyama, Scott Sagan, Anna Grzymala-Busse, and Marshall Burke answered questions from the parliamentarians on the conflict and its implications for the future of Ukraine, Russia, and the global community.
Melissa Morgan
A delegation representing thirteen countries from the NATO Parliamentary Assembly visits Stanford to hear perspectives on the war in Ukraine and its geopolitical impacts from scholars at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. Melissa Morgan
Against the backdrop of Ukraine's counteroffensive and the Kremlin's efforts to illegally annex additional territory, a delegation of members from the NATO Parliamentary Assembly arrived at Stanford to meet with experts and weigh considerations about the ongoing conflict. First on their circuit was a panel hosted by the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) chaired by FSI Director Michael McFaul, with Marshall Burke, Francis Fukuyama, Anna Grzymala-Busse, Scott Sagan, and Kathryn Stoner participating.
The delegates represented thirteen of NATO's thirty member nations, including Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. Top of mind were questions about the possibility of nuclear escalation from the Kremlin, and appropriate repsonses from the alliance, as well as questions about the longevity of Putin's regime, the nature of international authoritarian alliances, and the future of Ukraine as a European nation.
Drawing from their expertise on state-building, democracy, security issues, nuclear enterprise, and political transitions, the FSI scholars offered a broad analysis of the many factors currently playing out on the geopolitical stage. Abbreviated versions of their responses are given below.
Kathryn Stoner, Francis Fukuyama, Marshall Burke, Scott Sagan, Anna Grzymala-Busse, and Michael McFaul present at a panel given to memebers of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly on September 26, 2022. Melissa Morgan
The following commentary has been edited for clarity and length, and does not represent the full extent of the panel's discussion.
Rethinking Assumptions about Russia and Putin
Right now, Putin is the most vulnerable he's ever been in 22 years in power. But I don't believe he's under so much pressure at this point that he is about to leave office anytime soon. Autocracies do not usually die by popular mobilization, unfortunately. More often they end through an elite coup or turnover. And since the end of WWII, the research has shown that about 75% of the time autocracies are typically replaced by another autocracy, or the perpetuation of the same autocracy, just with a different leader. So, if Putin were replaced, you might get a milder form of autocracy in Russia, but I don't think you are suddenly going to create a liberal democracy.
This means that we in the West, and particularly in the U.S., need to think very hard about our strategies and how we are going to manage our relationships with Putin and his allies. This time last year, the U.S. broadcast that we basically wanted Russia to calm down so we could pivot to China. That's an invitation to not calm down, and I think it was a mistake to transmit that as policy.
We need to pay attention to what Russia has been doing. They are the second biggest purveyor of weapons globally after the United States. They will sell to anyone. They've been forgiving loans throughout Sub Saharan Africa from the Soviet period and using that as a way of bargaining for access to natural resources. They're marketing oil, selling infrastructure, and building railroads. Wherever there is a vacuum, someone will fill it, and that includes Russia every bit as much as China. We need to realize that we are in competition with both Russia and China, and develop our policies and outreach accordingly.
Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law
Confronting Autocracy at Home and Abroad
Anna Grzymala-Busse
Why is Putin in Ukraine? Because the fact that there is a democratic country right next door to Russia is an affront to him. Putin doesn't care that much about NATO. The fact that nothing happened when Sweden joined is some evidence of this. That's something to keep in mind as people are debating NATO and Ukraine and Ukraine's possible future as a member.
NATO membership and EU membership are both wonderful things. But more fundamental that that, this war has to be won first. That's why I think it's necessary in the next six months to speed up the support for Ukraine by ensuring there's a steady stream of armaments, training personnel, and providing other military support.
There's been incredible unity on Ukraine over the last seven months across the EU, NATO, and amongst our allies. But our recent history with President Trump reminds us how fragile these international commitments can be. In foreign policy, it used to be understood that America stands for liberal democracy. But we had a president of the United States who was more than happy to sidle up to some of the worst autocrats in the world. That's why we can't afford to leave rising populism around the world unaddressed and fail to engage with voters. When we do that, we allow far right parties to grab those votes and go unopposed. Whatever happens domestically impacts what happens internationally.
Director of The Europe Center
The Consequences of Nuclear Sabre-Rattling
Scott Sagan
We have to very clear-eyed when we're talking about the threat, however improbable, of the use of a nuclear weapon. When it comes to the deployment of a tactical nuclear weapon, its kinetic effects depend on both the size of the weapon, the yield, and the target. Tactical weapons range in yield from very low — 5-10% of what was in the Hiroshima bomb — to as large as what was used against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. If that kind of weapon was used on an urban target, it would produce widescale effects. In a battlefield or rural area, it would have a relatively small impact.
But in the bigger picture, what any use of a weapon like this does is break a 70+ year tradition of non-use. Those seventy years have been dicey and fragile, but they have held so far. A tradition that is broken creates a precedent, and once there's a precedent, it makes it much easier for someone to transgress the tradition again. So even if a decision was made to use a tactical weapon with little kinetic importance for strategic effect, I think we still need to be worried about it.
Personalistic dictators surround themselves with yes men. They make lonely decisions by themselves, often filled with vengeance and delusion because no one can tell them otherwise. They don't have the checks and balances. But I want to make one point about a potential coup or overthrow. Putin has done a lot to protect himself against that. But improbable events happen all the time, especially when leaders make really, really bad decisions. That's not something we should be calling for as official U.S. policy, but it should be our hope.
FSI Senior Fellow at the Center for International Security and Cooperation
Cycles of Conflict, Climate Change, and Food Insecurity
The estimates right now project that there are 350 million people around the world facing acute food insecurity. That means 350 million people who literally don't have enough to eat. That's roughly double what it was pre-COVID. The factors driving that are things like supply chain disruptions from the pandemic and climate shocks, but also because of ongoing conflict happening around the world, Ukraine included.
There was an early concern that the war in Ukraine would be a huge threat to global food security. That largely has not been the case so far, at least directly. Opening the grain corridors through the Black Sea has been crucial to this, and it's critical that we keep those open and keep the wheat flowing out. Research shows that unrest increases when food prices spike, so it's important for security everywhere to keep wheat prices down.
What I'm worried about now is natural gas prices. With high global natural gas prices, that means making fertilizer is also very expensive and prices have increased up to 300% relative to a few years ago. If they stay that high, this is going to be a long-term problem we will have to find a way of reckoning with on top of the other effects from climate change already impacting global crop production and the global economy.
Deputy Director of the Center on Food Security and the Environment
Ukraine After the War
I've been more optimistic about the prospects for Ukraine taking back territory for more of this war, just because of the vast difference in motivation between the two sides and the supply of modern weapons that Ukraine has been getting. But I don't know what the conditions on the ground will look like when the decision to negotiate comes. Will Russia still be sitting on occupied territory? Are they kicked out entirely? Or are the frontlines close to where they are now?
As I've observed, Ukraine's demands have shifted depending on how they perceive the war going on. There was a point earlier this summer where they hinted that a return to the February 23 borderlines would be acceptable. But now with their recent successes, they're saying they want everything back to the 2014 lines. What actually happens will depend on what the military situation looks like next spring, by my guess.
However the war does end, I think Ukraine actually has a big opportunity ahead of them. Putin has unwittingly become the father of a new Ukrainian nation. The stresses of the war have created a very strong sense of national identity in Ukraine that didn't exist previously. It's accurate that Ukraine had significant problems with corruption and defective institutions before, but I think there's going to be a great push to rout that out. Even things like the Azov steel factory being bombed out of existence is probably a good thing in the long run, because Ukraine was far too dependent on 20th-century coal, steel, and heavy industry. Now they have an opportunity to make a break from all of that.
There are going to be challenges, obviously. We'll have to watch very carefully what Zelenskyy chooses to do with the commanding position he has at the moment, and whether the government will be able to release power back to the people and restore its institutions. But Europe and the West and our allies are going to have a really big role in the reconstruction of Ukraine, and that should be regarded by everyone as a tremendous opportunity.
Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at FSI
Victory in Ukraine, Victory for Democracy
Michael McFaul
Nobody likes a loser, and right now, Putin is losing strategically, tactically, and morally. Now, he doesn't really care about what Biden or NATO or the West think about him. But he does care about what the autocrats think about him, especially Xi Jinping. And with reports coming out of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization that Xi has "concerns" about what's happening in Ukraine, Putin is feeling that pressure. I think that's why he has decided he needs to double down, not to negotiate, but to try and "win" in some way as defined by him.
In my view, that's what's behind the seizure of these four regions. If he feels like he can unequivocally claim them as part of Russia, then maybe he will sue for peace. And that's exactly what President Zelenskyy fears. Why? Because that's exactly what happened in 2014. Putin took Crimea, then turned around to the countries of the world and said, "Aren't we all tired of war? Can't we just have peace? I'm ready to end the war, as long as you recognize the new borders." And, let's be honest, we did.
We keep hearing politicians say we should put pressure for peace negotiations. I challenge any of them to explain their strategy for getting Putin to talk about peace. There is no doubt in my mind that President Zelenskyy would sit down tomorrow to negotiate if there was a real prospect for peace negotiations. But there's also no doubt in my mind right now that Putin has zero interest in peace talks.
Like Dr. Fukuyama, I don't know how this war will end. But there's nobody inside or outside of Russia that thinks it's going well. I personally know a lot of people that believe in democracy in Russia. They believe in democracy just as much as you or I. I've no doubt of their convictions. But they're in jail, or in exile today.
If we want to help Russia in the post-Putin world, we have to think about democracy. There's not a lot we can do to directly help democracy in Russia right now. But we should be doing everything to help democracy in Ukraine. It didn't happen in 1991. It didn't happen in 2004. It didn't happen in 2014. They had those breakthroughs and those revolutionary moments, but we as the democratic world collectively didn't get it right. This is our moment to get it right, both as a way of helping Ukraine secure its future, and to give inspiration to "small-d" democrats fighting for rights across the world.
Director of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Pushing Back on Putin: The Fight for Democracy Within Russia
Lyubov Sobol, an activist and current visiting scholar at CDDRL, explains the roots of Russia's pro-democracy movement and the importance of its success to Russia, Ukraine, and the future stability of the global democratic community.
Encina Hall
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It is the main airport serving the greater Jakarta area on the island of Java, Indonesia. It originates from Cengkareng and it is often called Cengkareng Airport by Indonesians.Jakarta International Airport has 150 check-in counters, 30 baggage carousels and 42 gates. Each sub-terminal has 25 check-in counters, 5 baggage carrousels and 7 gates.
It is located between the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, and is the busiest airport in the U.S. State of Texas. It generally serves the larger Dallas- Fort Worth metropolitan area, with carriers providing regional, national and international flights.In 2006 it was named as "Best Cargo airport in the world".
Dubai International Airport is an international airport serving Dubai along with the major hub in Middle East.It is situated 4 Km from Dubai in Garhoud district.It is the home base of Emirates and Emirates Sky Cargo.Emirates hub is the largest airline hub in the Middle East and handles 60% of all passenger traffic.It accounts for 38% of all aircraft movements at the airport.
This airport is known by the name of New Bangkok International airport.This airport is the main hub for the Thai Airways International, Bangkok Airways, Orient Thai Airlines and Thai Air Asia. It is a grand vision of modern air travel, with its sophisticated design and facilities.Flanked by highways 34 and 7, the airport also has a rail link system that can get you to/from the city centre in 15 minutes.
Los Angeles International Airport is the world's busiest origin and destination airport.Its airport code is LAX.It is the primary airport serving the whole Los Angeles area, the second most populated metropolitan area in U.S..
This airport is also known as Chicago International Airport, or simply O'Hare.It is a major airport located in the northwestern-most corner of Chicago. It is the primary airport serving the Chicago area.It serves as the secondary airport for the intracontinental flights.
It is a major airport serving London which is located in the West London. Heathrow is the busiest airport in the U.K. and the in terms of total passenger traffic and handles more international passengers than any other airport around the globe.
It is most commonly known as Haneda Airport.It is the busiest airports in Asia.It is one of the primary airports serving the Tokyo region.In the last few years it has also taken on a considerable amount of international Korean & Chinese charter flights.
It is the main international airport serving Beijing, China.It is the busiest international airport in terms of passenger traffic and total traffic movement in Asia.It has witnessed rapid growth.It is the main hub for the Air China.11 regular shuttle lines are operating to the Beijing airport.It has rapidly ascended in ranking of the busiest airports.
It has been the world's busiest airport by passenger traffic and number of landings and take-offs.It is primary hub of Delta.The airport has 199 domestic and international gates.It has been ranked as world's busiest airport in terms of both in terms of passengers and number of flights.It serves as major hub for travel throughout Southeastern United States.


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You are here: Home1 / Farmingdale Long Island Retirement Condo | Elizabeth Ann 55+ Suffolk County...
Farmingdale Long Island Retirement Condo | Elizabeth Ann 55+ Suffolk County New York 11735
July 15, 2012 /in condo realtors, long island realtors, Long Island's North Shore, relocating to long island, Suffolk County Long Island /by Long Island Real Estate
Located in Farmingdale Long Island, there's a 55 and over Condo called Elizabeth Ann Gardens.
Elizabeth Ann Gardens is a cozy condo complex situated in Suffolk County. You can reach this 55 and over senior community by Route 109 to Fulton Street in Farmingdale NY.
Opened in 2002, these are garden style apartments on either the ground level or upper level. There are no garages here, but there is ample parking spaces available.
Each unit at Elizabeth Ann Gardens has 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, gas heat and they are approximately 1068 sq ft. The upper units have a terrace and the ground level condos have a small patio area. There are no amenities at Elizabeth Ann Garden Condos, but small pets are permitted.
Lawrence "Larry & Sheila Agranoff can sell you a condo at Elizabeth Ann Gardens when available, or any other community on Long Island's North Shore. If you would like to list your home or condo with us, we can feature it on our popular websites so call 631-805-4400.
http://www.suffolkexperts.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/suffolkexperts-header.jpg 0 0 Long Island Real Estate http://www.suffolkexperts.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/suffolkexperts-header.jpg Long Island Real Estate2012-07-15 07:04:082012-07-15 07:04:08Farmingdale Long Island Retirement Condo | Elizabeth Ann 55+ Suffolk County New York 11735
East Islip Long Island Co-op | Living At East Islip Gardens Suffolk County New... Miller Place Long Island Condo | Country Pointe Townhouse Suffolk County New...


text:
Mezzanine load
In addition to having knowledge of the mezzanine floor, we should also have knowledge of the live load that is specified in the Ministerial Regulation No. 6, issued under the Building Control Act, B.E. 2522,
Note : Mezzanine Floor is a shelf. suitable for storing materials parts of the product which can create additional space on the high side of the building worthwhile by making a mezzanine floor It is a large structural system that is strong and durable. can bear a maximum weight of 1,000 kg / square meter, please contact rnbproduct
Which this requirement is appropriate to apply to buildings. short (Buildings up to 18 m tall) are summarized in the following sections of this guideline.
(1) uniform the loads Details are as follows.
The optimum live load in the design of a building or other structure must be The maximum load expected to be applied to the respective building, but in any case shall not be less. than the constant load on the same type as specified in the Ministerial Regulation No. 6, issued under the Building Control Act, B.E. 2522
(2) Point load (concentrated loads)
Payload acts as a point. Details are as follows. Floors or other similar surfaces must be designed to be able to support evenly distributed loads. Has been defined in the Ministerial Regulation No. 5, issued under the Building Control Act B.E. Others, the point force may be assumed to be a live load uniformly spread over an area of 0.75 x 0.75 m and is fixed at the point where the maximum force is applied to the building element.
(3) Load from partition toads
The payload from the partition is as follows. In office buildings and in other buildings or mezzanine floors where the position of the partition changes. Partition weight requirements must be established. Whether the partition is indicated in the construction documentation or not, unless the stated live load exceeds 400 kg/m. from the partition must be no less than the flat live load of 75 kg/m.
(4) Reduction in live loads
The minimum uniform flat load specified in Ministerial Regulation No. 6 in Clause 15 is permitted the attenuation specified in Clause 19 where you attenuate appropriately for the element. Buildings are based on building stages. Refer to the reduction factor from the table in item 19.
(5) the weight distribution of the floor slabs (distribution of floor loads)
The live load distribution of the slab is specified in IBC 2012 section 1607.11 as follows.
When the evenly distributed flat load on the slab is applied to the design of the correct feeder, Provided for continuity of transfer. The minimum load to be applied shall be the constant load on all span lengths plus the floor live load on the span lengths. The greatest force is exerted in each position under consideration. The load on the slab can be attenuated under As specified in the Ministerial Regulation No. 6 in item 19
1.2.3 Roof tive loads
The payload on the roof is as follows:
The supports for the roof structure and the marquee must be designed. to be able to resist the wind and earthquake In addition to the fixed weight of the structure and Appropriate live load specified in this section. The live load acting on an inclined surface will is assumed to be a vertical force acting on the surface of the object
1.2.4 wind loads
In this section, it is the part that summarizes the requirements from the standards for wind load calculation and response of buildings, Department of Public Works and Town Planning, 2007, and has prepared a sample calculation to apply wind load. with steel structure buildings properly The Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, 2007, in part 1, requires that wind force be calculated according to MR.Por.1311-50, chapters 1-2, which covers content. are as follows
(1) General requirements
(2) Calculation of equivalent static wind load by a simple method
For a guideline on the analysis of low-rise buildings (Mor.Por.1311-50, Chapter 2 for the main wind-force resistant system and exterior walls), which will be arranged in a model form. Easy to apply to various types of buildings and roofs suitable for steel structure buildings.
The procedures summarized in this section are applicable to buildings with flat and hipped roofs with pitches from 0 to 90 degrees, single-slope roofs with pitches from 0 to 30 degrees, roof pitches ranging from 0 to 30 degrees. continuous with slopes ranging from 0 – 45 degrees, sawtooth shaped roofs with tightening from 0 – 30 degrees, which the average height of the roof is assumed to be no more than 23 meters and the height of the eave must be less than or equal to the inner distance Minimal building horizontal Net wind load tables have been prepared for terrain types A and 8. These procedures are for completed buildings and are not suitable for buildings in between. installation For other conditions, refer to MDR. 1311-50.
1.2.5 How to calculate gross weight
Calculation of total payload from static payload Live payload Earthquake or wind load together with other loads shall be in accordance with the Ministerial Regulation No. 6 issued under the Building Control Act B.E. 2522 or other related standards such as ASCE 7 etc.
Factors that Affect the Eligibility of Your Home Loan


Tri-C Academy and Dubai Medical College were privileged to host a talk and discussion by Dr. Thomas Aretz (Vice President at Partners HealthCare International, Associate Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School and Affiliate Pathologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, U.S.A), on Sunday 19th November 2017 at Raffles Hotel in Dubai. Dr. Tom Aretz shared his long experience with the various health care delivery models around the world and some of the major challenges of healthcare delivery. He also discussed the role of academic medical centers in health care delivery and showed global examples for different models and products.
insurance. Stakeholders took part in a very lively discussion and agreed that there should be more similar events in the future.
Dr. Dima Abdelmannan (Dean of Clinical Medicine – Dubai Medical College / Consultant Endocrinologist – Dubai Health Authority) hosted the event on behalf of Tri-C Academy and DMC.


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News Feed to dish more 'high quality content,' irrelevant memes need not apply
By Matt Swider 2013-08-24T00:40:00.235Z Web
Speaking of axing what people don't want, physical gifts are gone
Hopefully fewer Ben Affleck Batman emes
Facebook News Feed changes aren't stopping with story bumping, as the social network announced today that it intends to display more "high quality content" from Pages.
"Our goal is to show the right content to the right people at the right time so they don't miss the stories that are important to them," wrote Facebook Software Engineer Varun Kacholia on an official blog post.
"Our latest update to the News Feed ranking algorithm helps ensure that the organic content people see from Pages they are connected to is the most interesting to them."
That means Facebook users are going to see more relevant content, and Page owners may have to tweak their posting strategies to keep up with the new algorithm.
Determining high-quality content over lower-valued Page Spam takes into account over a thousand different factors, according to Kacholia.
Facebook refined its News Feed algorithm through survey results and a new machine learning system that detects good content as defined by what users want to see.
"The system uses over a thousand different factors," wrote Kacholia.
"[This includes] how frequently content from a certain Page is reported as low quality (e.g., hiding a Page post), how complete the Page profile is, and whether the fan base for a particular Page overlaps with the fan base of other known high quality Pages."
Testing out the new algorithm, Facebook reported that it saw a significant increase in interactions of likes, comments and shares with this content.
Most importantly for Pages, the beta testers hid fewer stories.
As the new News Feed algorithm for pages rolls out over the next few weeks, Kacholia suggested that Page owners keep up with timely and relevant posts and engage users. In other words, irrelevant memes need not apply.
The gift that won't keep on giving
Let's not gift physical, physical
One of the News Feed elements that didn't jive with the Facebook community were physical gifts sent from one user to another via the social network.
That's why, starting today, 10% of people on Facebook will have access to a new gifts store sans physical items, according to TechCrunch.
The digital gifts store has its own landing page, not a tiny window overlay that pops up, and store owners and brands can link to their own gift shops through dedicated URLs.
"The whole point of Gifts is to learn about commerce on Facebook and build a product that users wants," said Facebook Gifts Manager Lee Linden to TechCrunch.
"We're going to improve commerce overall on Facebook in a number of ways. Gifts is a natural extension but not the end."
The new Facebook gifts store will work its way throughout the social network's U.S. user base over the next few weeks.
Something people won't like? 15-second Facebook video ads
See more Web news
Amazon Prime Day 2019: UK deals live now ahead of the 48-hour event


Smell My Feet ← You Want Me To Wear What?
Friday Feets isn't until tomorrow, but as soon as I saw these shoes, I knew it couldn't wait.
I found this lovely pair of jellies. The straps are elastic, the sole is plastic, and the guy at DSW claims that they're scented. The pink ones are, allegedly, strawberry scented. (I'm not sure about that).
Scented shoes. How is this not already a thing? I hope that the blue ones are blueberry scented, and the black ones smell like black licorice, just like those Mr. Sketch markers.
As for the rest of the shoe, I certainly never though of combining jellies with gladiator sandals – but then again, I never thought of scented shoes, either, so clearly I'm not a shoe innovator. Bu the real stroke of genius is having elastic straps. Everyone knows the least comfortable part of wearing jellies is how they rub against feet. Depending on how tight these elastic straps are, there's a chance the shoes won't even budge as you walk. Granted, they also might cut off circulation to your feet, but that's a small price to pay, right?
The only downside is, since they have elastic, you can't just hose them down like with other jellies. This is unfortunate, given that jellies don't breathe particularly well.
They're normally $50, but they're a steal over at DSW for only $35. Of course, in this transaction, I'm not sure who's stealing from whom.
But do the snozberry ones smell like snozberries?!


text:
Bevo Beat
The Dotted Line
All recruiting
As low as 99¢
No. 13 Iowa State 23, No. 17 Texas 20 – Cyclones knock Longhorns out of Big 12 contention
Texas head coach Jerritt Elliott watches his team play during a match against Louisville in the third round of the NCAA volleyball tournament on Dec. 13, 2019 in Austin. [NICK WAGNER/AMERICAN-STATESMAN]
NCAA calls off its fall championships, leaving football with the lone postseason still standing
Posted August 13th, 2020
Danny Davis American-Statesman Staff
@aasdanny
Five months ago, the NCAA responded to the coronavirus pandemic by canceling the postseason competitions for its winter and spring sports.
The organization won't crown any champions this fall, either.
On Thursday, the NCAA announced that it was axing championships for most of its Division I fall sports. The decision impacts FCS football, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's soccer, women's volleyball, men's water polo and field hockey. The NCAA does not have a say in the postseason for FBS football.
"We cannot, at this point, have fall NCAA championships."
NCAA President Mark Emmert discusses the latest developments in fall sports and looks ahead to winter and spring championships.
Hear more on the NCAA Social Series TONIGHT at 7 p.m. ET from @NCAA. pic.twitter.com/SmjC8FU0Uo
— NCAA (@NCAA) August 13, 2020
Read more: Austin's Ivy League athletes react to a fall without sports
The decision was not surprising. In a press release, NCAA President Mark Emmert explained that there simply aren't enough schools to host any legitimate competitions. In June, the Ivy League became the first conference to postpone the competitions for its fall sports. In the past few days, conferences ranging from big (Big Ten and PAC-12) to small (Mountain West and Big Sky) have made similar decisions.
"The Board of Governors also said, 'Look, if you don't have half of the schools playing a sport, you can't have a legitimate championship,'" Emmert said. "So we can't in any Division I NCAA championship sport, which is everything other than FBS football, that goes on in the fall. Sadly, tragically, that's going to be the case this fall, full-stop."
The NCAA's announcement left UT with a hole in its plans for the fall. Texas fields teams in four of the impacted sports — volleyball, women's soccer and men's and women's cross-country — and each of those programs reached the NCAA postseason in 2019.
As of now, Texas can still have those sports compete in Big 12 play. Conference contests, though, would be the only matchups on the calendar. Earlier this week, the Big 12 stated that its volleyball and soccer teams would not participate in non-conference contests.
On Thursday, a Texas spokesperson said that the school was still gathering information and would work with the Big 12 going forward in regards to its affected sports.
Emmert did suggest that the fall sports could possibly compete for championships in the spring. More than half of the Division I conferences in those sports would have to agree to such a plan, however. Emmert additionally conceded that the NCAA's highest priority in 2021 will be the winter and spring sports since those championships were canceled earlier this year.
But he expressed confidence that a spring schedule for fall sports would work. He suggested that shrinking the size of the postseason fields and using predetermined sites could be options.
"Will it be normal? Or course not, you'll be playing a fall sport in the spring. Will it create other conflicts and challenges? Of course," Emmert said. "But is it doable? Yeah, it is doable. We want to do that. We want to make it work for these students."
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Commitment 101: Texas adds five-star quarterback Quinn Ewers to 2022 recruiting class
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No. 17 Texas 69, No. 14 North Carolina 67: Matt Coleman ices Tar Heels to win Maui Invitational
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Craven's Corner: Backing Texas, Texas A&M in pivotal contests; three NFL wagers
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A few trends have been identified which will be hot in 2019 for the field of digital marketing. The first of them will be the deployment in greater numbers of snack ads. While video has been ruling the roost for a while now over written content, it has also been realized that excess of video is also affecting the already low spans of attention, and the related purchase interest. These snack ads as the name suggests, are those filling enough to garner attention, but not too long to defer the main course. Another trend will be the rise of video searches, which experts say could take up about a third of total search quantum this year. Another will be the use of Augmented Reality (AR) as IKEA is already doing, plus also some Virtual Reality (VR). The concept of micro- moments will also see a rise in importance. On average, users these days are spending about two to three hours per day on their mobile phones. During this period, they are also absorbing enormous amounts of content. Brands will have to position themselves in a way during this journey to pose relevance to the user. The convincing will have to be done in a mere few seconds' window.


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package org.apache.kafka.streams.state.internals;

import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.Serde;
import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Bytes;
import org.apache.kafka.common.utils.Time;
import org.apache.kafka.streams.state.SessionStore;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * A {@link org.apache.kafka.streams.state.KeyValueStore} that stores all entries in a local RocksDB database.
 *
 * @param <K> the type of keys
 * @param <V> the type of values
 *
 * @see org.apache.kafka.streams.state.Stores#create(String)
 */
public class RocksDBSessionStoreSupplier<K, V> extends AbstractStoreSupplier<K, V, SessionStore> implements WindowStoreSupplier<SessionStore> {

    private static final String METRIC_SCOPE = "rocksdb-session";
    private static final int NUM_SEGMENTS = 3;
    private final long retentionPeriod;
    private final boolean cached;

    public RocksDBSessionStoreSupplier(String name, long retentionPeriod, Serde<K> keySerde, Serde<V> valueSerde, boolean logged, Map<String, String> logConfig, boolean cached) {
        super(name, keySerde, valueSerde, Time.SYSTEM, logged, logConfig);
        this.retentionPeriod = retentionPeriod;
        this.cached = cached;
    }

    public String name() {
        return name;
    }

    public SessionStore<K, V> get() {
        final SessionKeySchema keySchema = new SessionKeySchema();
        final long segmentInterval = Segments.segmentInterval(retentionPeriod, NUM_SEGMENTS);
        final RocksDBSegmentedBytesStore segmented = new RocksDBSegmentedBytesStore(name,
                                                                                retentionPeriod,
                                                                                NUM_SEGMENTS,
                                                                                keySchema);

        if (cached && logged) {
            final ChangeLoggingSegmentedBytesStore logged = new ChangeLoggingSegmentedBytesStore(segmented);
            final MeteredSegmentedBytesStore metered = new MeteredSegmentedBytesStore(logged,
                                                                                METRIC_SCOPE, time);
            final RocksDBSessionStore<Bytes, byte[]> sessionStore
                    = RocksDBSessionStore.bytesStore(metered);

            return new CachingSessionStore<>(sessionStore, keySerde, valueSerde, segmentInterval);
        }

        if (cached) {
            final MeteredSegmentedBytesStore metered = new MeteredSegmentedBytesStore(segmented,
                                                                                METRIC_SCOPE, time);
            final RocksDBSessionStore<Bytes, byte[]> sessionStore
                    = RocksDBSessionStore.bytesStore(metered);

            return new CachingSessionStore<>(sessionStore, keySerde, valueSerde, segmentInterval);
        }

        if (logged) {
            final ChangeLoggingSegmentedBytesStore logged = new ChangeLoggingSegmentedBytesStore(segmented);
            final MeteredSegmentedBytesStore metered = new MeteredSegmentedBytesStore(logged,
                                                                                METRIC_SCOPE, time);
            return new RocksDBSessionStore<>(metered, keySerde, valueSerde);
        }

        return new RocksDBSessionStore<>(
                new MeteredSegmentedBytesStore(segmented, METRIC_SCOPE, time), keySerde, valueSerde);

    }

    public long retentionPeriod() {
        return retentionPeriod;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Match.com is the best place to search The Sunshine State for online singles. We have several examples of Match.com successes in Florida. If you want to search outside Saint Petersburg, Florida click the appropriate state and the appropriate city you live in. Sleepless and single in Saint Petersburg? Search through thousands of Saint Petersburg photos and personals on Match.com.


text:
Block Island in the New York Times!
by Jill Seppa | Jul 16, 2010 | Koru & BI in the Press, The Blog
One of our favorite BI articles from the N.Y. Times:
THE sights of an East Coast summer — body surfers careering toward the beach, children licking fudge ripple off sticky knuckles, bicycles casting shadows on hot pavement — vanish after Labor Day, when pool closings and school openings signal the beginning of a more somber season. But on this island, 13 miles offshore, the summer idyll slides far into fall.
"September and October are the two most beautiful months on the island," said Kim Gaffett, a naturalist who grew up here and is now first warden, the chief elected official on the island (technically the Town of New Shoreham, population about 1,000).
For Ms. Gaffett, fall's enchantment lies in the reduced humidity, the optimal stargazing, the flocks of birds heading south for the winter and the surprisingly warm ocean. The deeper waters off Block Island help retain the summer's warm temperatures into the fall; the shallower waters along the mainland cool more quickly. "But I think it's also relative to the outside temperature" — the hotter the weather, the colder the water feels. "Some of the magic may be in people's brains." (more…)


text:
You are here: Home » About Us » Management Team
Our principals are dedicated newspaper industry veterans who know that a combined print and online advertising strategy is what sets newspaper publishers apart from "pure-play" online classified providers.
Rich Grover
General Partner, Founder & CTO
Rich@GetBluefin.com
Rich Grover is the founder of Bluefin Technology Partners. Most recently Mr. Grover led integration development teams at AdStar Inc. as VP of Technology and Systems Integration. Mr. Grover has over 20 years experience in bringing innovative technology solutions to the publishing industry. Mr. Grover was the founder, president and CEO of GDT/Nova, the first company to provide Web ad order management solutions to newspaper publishers worldwide including Gannett, Tribune, Hearst, and McClatchy, and Knight Ridder Newspapers. Mr. Grover's seven years at System Integrators, Inc., a worldwide supplier of newspaper prepress systems, provided a solid foundation in newspaper advertising publishing systems.
Mr. Grover holds a BS from California State University in Sacramento.
Steve Rosenfeld
General Partner, Sales and Marketing
Steve@GetBluefin.com
Steve Rosenfeld brings over 25 years of international newspaper experience to Bluefin Technology Partners in key management roles with leading publishing technology companies including Atex, Inc. where he held multiple senior management positions including head of European channel operations based in London England. Mr. Rosenfeld also was Vice President of Sales and Marketing at Edgil Associates Inc., the leading supplier of electronic payment solutions to newspapers; Sales Director at OpenPages, one of the first providers of online content management systems for newspapers; and VP of Sales at AdStar Inc., marketers of remote ad order entry solutions for publishers and advertising agencies.
Mr. Rosenfeld has an MBA from Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts and Bachelors in Business Administration from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.


text:
Q: why not use both margin-bottom and margin-top but only use sum of the marin for margin-top? I am newbie with html css and here is my question.
I tried to code a sample page as this page https://www.w3schools.com/w3css/tryw3css_templates_band.htm#
When I use tool to see THE BAND, it show that margin is 10px 0px
And when I use tool to see We love music, it show that margin is 15px 0px
Here is my code at index.html

THE BAND

We love music

We have created

They said to me that I can use this code to make THE BAND and We love music to be far apart 25 px by this code at style.css
#content .section-heading {
font-size: 30px;
font-weight: 500;
letter-spacing: 4px;
}

#content .section-sub-heading {
font-size: 15px;
margin-top: 25px;
}

But my question is, why not use margin-bottom at #content .section-heading ? Because it show that margin of THE BAND is 15px, I code like this
#content .section-heading {
font-size: 30px;
font-weight: 500;
letter-spacing: 4px;
margin-bottom: 15px;
}

#content .section-sub-heading {
font-size: 15px;
margin-top: 10px;
}

My purpose is, THE BAND's margin is 15px and We love music is 10px, but when I code like this, they overlapped ?
Could you please help me to solve this problem ? Thank you very much for your time.

A: Instead of using margin-top: 10px, you could replace it with padding-top: 10px or just use margin-bottom: 25px; it would still give the same result.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What happen if two app version review at same time in google play? I published my app version code 180 in google play. Its in review and updated same apk made some changes and app version code is 181 to google play. Both two apps review in the google play console. So which one is update first ?
Production
181 - in review
180 - in review

A: It will be 180 first and then 181, but I think you should reject build 180 all together and just leave 181 because anyways 181 will have changes of 180, so its better to avoid waiting for to review.


text:
As Bitcoin sinks, industry startups are forced to cut back
Kate Clark	@kateclarktweets / 2 years
Around this time last year, the price of Bitcoin hit an all-time high of nearly $20,000. Cryptocurrency enthusiasts everywhere boasted about the wealth 2018 would bring, initial coin offerings exploded and startups continued to pull in record amounts of venture capital. Fast-forward one year: Bitcoin is down 75 percent to a meager $3,700, sinking as quickly as its meteoric rise, and industry startups are paying the price.
The latest victim is Bitmain, a provider of bitcoin mining hardware that very recently submitted its IPO prospectus to the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong. The company confirmed to CoinDesk this week that cutbacks would begin imminently: "There has been some adjustment to our staff this year as we continue to build a long-term, sustainable and scalable business," a spokesperson for Bitmain told CoinDesk. "A part of that is having to really focus on things that are core to that mission and not things that are auxiliary."
Beijing-based Bitmain hasn't clarified just how many of its employees will be impacted, though rumors — which Bitmain has since denied — on Maimai, a Chinese LinkedIn-like platform, suggest as many as 50 percent of the company's headcount could be laid off. This news comes after the crypto mining giant confirmed it had shuttered its Israeli development center, Bitmaintech Israel, laying off 23 employees in the process.
Bitmain employs at least 2,000 people, up from 250 in 2016, according to PitchBook, as the company's growth has skyrocketed.
The decreasing value of Bitcoin.
"The crypto market has undergone a shake-up in the past few months, which has forced Bitmain to examine its various activities around the globe and to refocus its business in accordance with the current situation," Bitmaintech Israel head Gadi Glikberg reportedly told his employees at the time of the layoffs.
Bitmain has raised more than $800 million in venture capital funding from Sequoia, Coatue Management, SoftBank and more. At a valuation of $12 billion, it quickly soared to become the most valuable crypto startup in the world, surpassing Coinbase, which itself garnered an $8 billion valuation this fall.
In its IPO filing, Bitmain reported more than $2.5 billion in revenue last year, up nearly 10x on the $278 million it claimed for 2016. As for the first half of 2018, Bitmain said it surpassed $2.8 billion in revenue. These are astonishing numbers, yes, but whether Bitmain can sustain this kind of momentum has been called into question, especially as it gears up to go public in what would be the largest crypto-related IPO to date. The crypto market, by nature, is unpredictable — a characteristic that's less than favorable to public market investors.
Startups sacrifice staff
Meanwhile, Huobi Group, a crypto trading platform also headquartered in Beijing, is laying off a portion of its 1,000 employees, too, according to a report from the South China Morning Post.
Huobi, which is backed by Sequoia and ZhenFund, didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.
Moreover, Brooklyn-based ConsenSys earlier this month confirmed it was laying off 13 percent of its 1,200-person staff. The company, active in the crypto ecosystem, incubates and invests in decentralized applications built on the Ethereum blockchain.
"Excited as we are about ConsenSys 2.0, our first step in this direction has been a difficult one: we are streamlining several parts of the business including ConsenSys Solutions, spokes, and hub services, leading to a 13% reduction of mesh members," ConsenSys founder and crypto billionaire Joseph Lubin wrote in a letter to employees regarding the layoffs.
Finally, Steemit, a distributed app designed to reward content creators, laid off 70 percent of its staff just days earlier, citing poor market conditions.
"We still believe that Steem can be by far the best, and lowest cost, blockchain protocol for applications and that the improvements that will result from this new direction will make it far better for application sustainability," founder and chief executive officer Ned Scott wrote in a statement. "However, in order to ensure that we can continue to improve Steem, we need to first get costs under control to remain economically sustainable. There's nothing that I want more now than to survive, to keep steemit.com operating, and keep the mission alive, to make great communities."
Downsizing following periods of rapid growth — which many crypto startups experienced during the Bitcoin boom — is only natural, but can these businesses continue to endure periods of extreme volatility without crashing completely? One thing is certain: If the price of Bitcoin sinks further and further, "staff adjustments" at crypto startups large and small will be unavoidable.
WTF is happening to crypto?


text:
Пол Обіфул (,  15 травня 1986, Оверрі) — нігерійський футболіст, що грав на позиції півзахисника, зокрема за низку північноєвропейських клубів, а також за національну збірну Нігерії.

Клубна кар'єра
У дорослому футболі дебютував 2000 року виступами за команду «Гартленд», в якій провів чотири сезони.

У 2004–2007 роках грав у Данії за «Віборг», після чого перебрався до Норвегії, де до 2011 року грав за «Люн», «Генефосс» та «Ліллестрем».

У 2012–2013 роках провів по сезону у фінському «КуПС» та шведському «Ассиріска ФФ», після чого завершив ігрову кар'єру. Згодом повертався на футбольне поле у 2015–2017 роках, коли пограв за нижчоліговий данський «Гольстебро».

Виступи за збірну
2004 року дебютував в офіційних матчах у складі національної збірної Нігерії.

У складі збірної був учасником Кубка африканських націй 2006 року в Єгипті, на якому команда здобула бронзові нагороди.

Загалом протягом кар'єри у національній команді, яка тривала 4 роки, провів у її формі 7 матчів.

Титули і досягнення
 Бронзовий призер Кубка африканських націй: 2006

Посилання

нігерійські футболісти
Гравці збірної Нігерії з футболу
Гравці кубка африканських націй 2006
Футболісти «Гартленда»
Футболісти «Віборга»
Футболісти «Люна»
Футболісти «Генефосса»
Футболісти «Ліллестрема»
Футболісти «КуПСа»
Футболісти «Ассиріски»
нігерійські футбольні легіонери
Футбольні легіонери в Данії
Футбольні легіонери в Норвегії
Футбольні легіонери у Фінляндії
Футбольні легіонери у Швеції
Уродженці Оверрі

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Court seducer La Belle Coeur has met her match in Tristan, a Knight of the Round Table unafraid of blood-or lust. Joining together to combat a werewolf wizard and sworn enemy of Arthur, they must put their lives on the line-while coming to grips with the rising heat between them.
Master of Shadows is the twelfth installment in the Mageverse series by Angela Knight. This is a series that I started following because I really enjoyed a short story from this world in anthology I picked up on a whim. For me, this series qualifies as a guilty pleasure. Due to some personal reasons (I haven't had a lot of time lately to read), it seems I missed the book prior to this one, Master of Smoke. However, I will say it didn't detract from my overall enjoyment of the novel, especially since I'm familiar with the world as it is.
If you wanted to jump into the series, I would recommend, if you do not wish to start from the beginning, start with Master of Wolves (book 5). It will nicely introduce the Direkind and give enough background to follow the next novels. However, if you don't mind having to fill in a few blanks, feel free to start with Master of Smoke since it is the novel where the new "evil" starts. There are a few major plot points that I believe will be important in the next novel and I could tell I was missing some vital information which I know must be in that novel.
Master of Shadows is an enjoyable read. If I am honest with you, I will admit that I told myself when I started that I thought I wouldn't like it. We are hitting the time when author's typically in a long series start to repeat plot lines, the plot resolutions become far-fetched or they start to alter the foundations of the mythology in order to keep things fresh and new in the series. As much as I dreaded starting, once I begun, I was again hooked and I am going to go back and get Master of Smoke because I really want to know what I'm missing.
As I have mentioned, I see this as a guilty pleasure; the Mageverse is fun and exciting with lots of smexy moments and good humor. Master of Shadows follows that, dare I say formula, without being tired or repetitive. There are these little tidbits of humor that make it a little light-hearted read even with the threat of war brewing. In fact, even in the midst of loss (some characters do not make it) you are still left with a sense of hope.
Ms. Knight has again given us a great story in Tristan and Belle. I enjoyed their story, the obstacles they had to overcome and how they didn't feel two-dimensional or stereotypical. The communication and momentary lack thereof felt realistic and I enjoyed their journey of discovery. Being that she is the Court Seducer, just added to the richness of the seductions which was enchanting. I look forward to the next book in this series.
I really love this series and while I'm a tad behind *eek* I love the world, the overal plot arc and the mystery in each book. PLus, Knight does characters and sexiness they way I like it. You're right when you say some series become repetitve or solutions become too far-fetched. I'm running a book or two behind but so far I haven't grown tired of it!!
I was very curious how the heroine would come off, given that she's the court seducer. I was intrigued but pretty icked out by the thought of her job, when I read about her in the last book.
You aren't the only one Catherine… It's actually interesting since her position is what creates more Magnus and yet, a good portion of the Mageverse population look down on her. Without her, that job, they could run out of Magnus and where would Earth be? Very interesting and yet her perspective on it is… enlightening. I really enjoyed it.
I too love this series and also started with Master of Wolves, then worked my way back and then forwards again!
I really need to get this book and read it.
Forgot to say great review!
@Una – Yes, I was surprised by the level of scorn for her position. At least what I saw of it in the last book. I was surprised that I wasn't the only one with an issue with her job. Court seducers get no love. lol.


text:
Q: A question on submatrix Let $A = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
   a & b & c  \\
   d & e & f  \\
   g & h & i  \\
\end{array}} \right)$  is normal  and  unitary similar with $D = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
   {{\lambda _1}} & 0 & 0  \\
   0 & {{\lambda _2}} & 0  \\
   0 & 0 & {{\lambda _3}}  \\
\end{array}} \right)$.
Now suppose $B = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
   a & b  \\
   d & e  \\
\end{array}} \right)$ be positive semidefinite ,can we prove that $B$ is unitary similar with ${D^*} = \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}
   {{\lambda _1}} & 0  \\
   0 & {{\lambda _1}}  \\
\end{array}} \right)$?


text:
Symbolism In Travelling Through The Dark By William Stafford
The poem travelling through the dark was written by William Stafford. Poet Stafford was born on Hutchinson, Kansas on January 17th 199 while he died on Oregon, on August 28, 1993. He received a BA and an MA from the University of Kansas at Lawrence and, in 1954, a PhD from the University of Iowa. (poets.org) Stafford in the poem makes the expresses his sad emotion on the deer that was lying on the street with her dead fawn. He also presents the tension the nature and the technology. In relation to the topic of the poem it is the modern poem because it talks about the cars. The poem is internal because it is the poet himself who is facing the situation and he is the one who is describing the situation.
The poem doesn't have any words that has …show more content…
First symbol that is used in the poem it "the dark". Dark usually have a negative connotation about something bad or evil. In the poem the dark is included with the word travelling so the poet is trying to convey that when we travel through the dark there is something ominous. Similarly, the word "road" is another symbol used in the poem. The road in the poem literally means the road in the jungle or in the mountains. But, the word road in the poem tries to convey the meaning of path in our life. The word narrow road in the poem means to convey the meaning that the path of the life is hard. We all have to go through the series of calamitous situation and are lot of different options that we can take in the hazardous situation. So the road tries to convey that our life journey is really hard and it is really hard to figure out and choose the right path in our …show more content…
There are variety of the word count in different sentence of the poem but, the shortest line is with six words and the longest line contains twelve words. The poem is divided into five stanzas. Among those five stanzas first four have four lines each and the last one has only two lines. This is significant because poet describes the different actions in the different stanza of the poem. In the first stanza he describes the setting of the poem that is dark and mentions the fact that he saw the dead deer in the road. In the second stanza he gets out of his car to take a look at the deer. In the third stanza he found out that the deer is pregnant and it's not the only one dead but its fawn is dead with it too. In the fourth stanza he shows the irony between the living mechanical car and the dead deer. In the last stanza he describes his action of pushing the deer into the river. He delivers the sense that it was one of the hard decision for him to push the deer in the river. The last stanza is unique compared to others in the poem. It only has two lines while others have four lines each. It is because the poet tries to express that his action of pushing the deer in the river was very hard decision and was really
Analysis Of Traveling Through The Dark
As the speaker travels the road in the dark they "[find] a deer / dead on the end of the Wilson Road" (1-2). This continuation of the sentence over a line-break creates more of an audible interest and puts more emphasis on the condition of the deer. By beginning the second line with "dead," in an instance Stafford alters the setting and forces the reader to modify the image produced in the first line to agree with the image produced in the second line. Within seconds the deer goes from living to dead which ultimately demonstrates the fragility of life and entertains the idea that life can change in an instant. The alliteration, "dead on the edge of the Wilson River road," gives…
Symbolism In Literature
The character in the poem has discovered a dead deer on a narrow road with a fawn in her stomach that is still alive. The poem also states "I thought hard for us all- my only swerving- then pushed her over the edge into the river" (Lines 17-18). The character ultimately decides to push the dead deer into the river removing it from the road but also killing the fawn that was in her stomach. "Traveling Through the Dark" show the loss of life as well, but this time it shows it when the character in the poem can kill the fawn or try to save it, its life is taken by…
Narrative Essay On Beep
We found some blood, so we followed the track as far as we could see blood. My dad and I tracked the deer for about 50 yards, and lost blood around a creek. We were standing by this creek bend contemplating about what to do and out of the corner of my eye, I saw movement. I turned my head real quick and I saw the deer's head pop up. I hurry and grab my gun so I can finish off this beast.…
Argumentative Essay: Banning Party Hunting
Party hunters ruin the habitat for deer and all the other animals. For example, party hunters sometimes use trucks or four wheelers to chase deer out of the woods. In some groups of party hunters they will have five to twelve hunters on a five acre property to make sure that no deer gets away. This shows that they are desperate to shoot all the deer on the property. Minnesota needs to outlaw party hunting before we lose the white tailed deer.…
Analysis Of Traveling Through The Dark By William Stafford
Consequently, this is the meaning of the poem as my first reasoning behind it is in the fifth stanza of the poem; it reads "I thought hard for us all my only swerving then pushed her over the edge into the river." Thus this is a spot on example of how the choices created can directly or indirectly affect someone. In this case by the person that hit deer, directly affected the deer and nature by killing the deer. By leaving the dead deer on the side of the road for the next driver to directly deal with by swerving, stopping and then deciding to push the deer over the bridge into the river. Now the driver that stopped and pushed the deer into the river didn't directly help anybody except for the next driver to come along Wilson road. The next driver would not need to swerve out-of-the way or stop, pull over and move a deer since the driver before them had already moved the deer off of the road.…
Argumentative Essay: The Sport Of Hunting
A still hunter is someone who sits still in a stand or in a blind and watches the animals in their natural habitat. Most hunters today are to be considered trophy hunters. Trophy hunters are the people who hunt for either the bigger body on the animal or if deer hunting then for the wider and taller antlers. Deer do have mutations like being a snow white color or have an antler or antlers grow in a downward way. Deer hunters are dying out and more and more towns and subdivisions are taking their habitats away.…
Merica Without Meat Analysis
For those people that think hunters just go out in the woods and shoot as many deer as they can, it's not true. In order to make sure im hunting legally i have to buy deer tags and also check to see when the seasons are to ensure i'm hunting at the proper time and following all the rules that every hunter should follow. If you are caught hunting illegally, fines are given to you and sometimes you aren't allowed to hunt for a specific length of time. "Mike Krassey was fined 3,500 dollars for illegally hunting white tailed deer, being party to the offence of attaching a seal, or tag, to a deer killed by another person. He then had his hunting license suspended for 2 years so he couldn't hunt anymore"(Hunting controls deer Population).…
The Scarlet Ibis Symbolism Analysis
The Scarlet Ibis is a book written from the first-person point of view It explains the narrator's point of view of his dead brother's life, it also illustrates symbols that go along with the topics. A symbol is a mark or character used as a representation of an idea. Like when the narrator talks about how when Doodle was born he had a physical impairment which made people believe he was going to die he uses the coffin to demonstrate his struggles. Even after he didn't die he still didn't have enough muscle to be able to walk. The novella tells a deep story of perseverance and love, but it also uses symbolism as a way to give a deeper meaning to the whole story.…
The Cruel Rural Life In Thomas Williams Goose Pond
With the overwhelming detail, the readers are able to imagine the perfect replication of what Robert is seeing in the story and this allows for the detachment from reality. At the verge of the climax of the story, Robert sees a doe: "he was alone with the [it] in a green world that seemed to cru for rich red, and he did not have time to think; it was enough that he sensed the doe's quick decision to leave him" and at that moment, "the arrow sliced through the deer" (1670). The killing of the deer is symbolically the main point in this short story as it is Robert's psychological outburst with him trying to face his wife's death and finally becoming content with himself and "the dangerous journey down the…
Personal Narrative Essay: The Big Bad Wolf
The wolf dried his tears and walked to the house made of sticks and vines. He walked close to the house and the door opened. The little deer asked ''why are you hear, and why did you blow my brother's house down?" Benard replied " I am and just looking for some shelter before it gets to cold, and it was and acci..." The deer slammed the door before he could finish. The wolf let out another sad howl.…


text:
Home / Guest Chef Richard Corrigan
Richard Corrigan was a Guest Chef at ballymaloe Cookery School on Jul 14th 2008.
Richard Corrigan has opened numerous restaurants, gained a Michelin star, cooked for the queen,
appeared on television on countless occasions and recently toured America hosting a show there.
Richard's culinary career spans several years in the Netherlands. He was head chef of Mulligan's in Mayfair in London and his first Michelin star, awarded to him when he was head chef of Stephen Bull in Fulham in 1994, also in London. Richard went on to open Lindsay House in Soho, London, and won a Michelin star there in 1997. He then bought and refurbished BENTLEY'S in 2005, an oyster and seafood restaurant just off Piccadilly. He went on to open CORRIGANS MAYFAIR in 2008.
http://richardcorrigan.co.uk/


text:
North Adams-Jerome school operating millage renewal passes
Voters in the North Adams - Jerome School District overwhelmingly supported a five-year renewal of the schools operating millage that was the only ballot issue decided Tuesday in the county.
Hillsdale County Clerk Marney Kast said the unofficial results were 447 votes in support of the 18.2245 millage while 129 voters opposed it.
"We're ecstatic, we have a lot of people who put a lot of work into this passing," said Superintendent Wes Johnson Wednesday morning.
Johnson said the non-homestead operating millage proposal equates to around 12-13-percent of the district's operating costs and that it would have been devastating if it was not approved.
"No district can survive that," Johnson said.
The five-year millage of 18.2245 mills averages around $18.22 on each $1,000 of taxable value of all non-homestead, commercial, industrial and non-agricultural qualified properties and does not apply to primary residences.
The millage allows the district to collect its state student foundation allowance in accordance with the Michigan constitution.
"We're really happy with this," Johnson said.


You're a lot nicer then I would have been.
haha just today i had those tree huggers come ask me to donate money to green peace and i told them i dont have a credit card and they left me alone..
LOL, anything for you Chris !!
tanks....'preciate it. If I knew enough t build bats to do what I'm already doin, I prolly be a lot better off (until they found the .bats!).
wow, those things are aggressive.
I'd probably look into buying them if I didn't still have my procomps.
The Game is On....... 08-15-2008 04:03 AM That was funny!!!
calander 07-01-2008 08:40 PM happy now?
Things that men can do... 06-06-2008 06:59 PM I almost fell over in my chair when I read that!!!
Hot camper setup 06-03-2008 12:49 AM good catch on neg rep.


July 2008. Application from Glycanova for the approval of lentinan-rich extract obtained from the mycelium of fermented-produced shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes). Authorised February 2011.
Lentinan is a beta-glucan, which is found in various foods including legumes, cereals, tubers, fruits and mushrooms such as shiitake. This fungus is indigenous to Japan, China and other Asian countries with warm climates and is usually found growing on fallen deciduous trees.
Fresh shiitake mushroom is now produced widely in Europe and is available in most supermarkets and fresh food stores.
The applicant intends to market its lentinan-rich extract as a food supplement and food ingredient.
Before any new food product can be introduced on the European market, it must be rigorously assessed for safety. In the UK, the assessment of novel foods is carried out by an independent committee of scientists appointed by the Food Standards Agency, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP). The applicant (formerly known as Medimush) previously submitted an application under the substantial equivalence route, however equivalence could not be demonstrated and a full application was subsequently submitted in February 2008.
Following an initial public consultation period and the discussion of this application by the ACNFP at its meetings in 2007 and 2008, the committee has formulated a positive initial opinion on this novel food ingredient.


24.05.2016 at 15:52:53 There are smartphone applications the predecessors since you didnt repair Will i hire a automotive with.
24.05.2016 at 15:52:50 Subsequent warrant, and?you could possibly.
24.05.2016 at 11:15:10 Can add a automobile comparison tool to your website.
24.05.2016 at 23:14:40 Inform them of the situation and the contract must be unwound once verify a automobile's historical.


text:
SpongeBob Meets Keanu Reeves in the New 'SpongeBob' Trailer
No, we're not joking about this.
Whoa: 'Matrix 4' Is Happening With Keanu Reeves
Lana Wachowski and Carrie-Anne Moss are both returning too.
Keanu Reeves Quotes 'The Matrix' in the New 'John Wick 3' Trailer
He needs guns, lots of guns.
'John Wick: Chapter 3' Trailer Released
Keanu Reeves is back. Run for cover.
'Bill & Ted 3' May Not Happen Now, According to Keanu Reeves
While a third 'Bill & Ted' was officially announced in May, Keanu Reeves says the film may not become a reality now.
'John Wick 3' Gets Killer Cast With Halle Berry, Anjelica Huston
Halle Berry, Anjelica Huston, Asia Kate Dillon and more are joining Keanu's assassin for 'John Wick: Chapter 3.'
In Defense of 'The Matrix Reloaded' 15 Years Later
'The Matrix' sequels have been written off as a stain on the memory of 1999 original, but what if 'Reloaded' isn't as bad as we thought?
Keanu Reeves Is Back in 'John Wick Chapter 2' Teaser Trailer
These days it seems like every recognizable actor above the age of 50 is getting their own spin on the Taken franchise. As a result, not a lot of people batted an eye when it was announced that Keanu Reeves would be playing a retired contract killer in some mid-range action movie called John Wick. I…
Matthew Monagle
'The Whole Truth' Trailer: Keanu Plays a Devil's Advocate
There are many different sides to Keanu Reeves. There's Action Keanu. There's Sad Keanu. There's Indifferent Keanu. There's Surfer Keanu. There's Sad Action Keanu. There's Surfer Action Keanu. There's Sad Surfer Action Keanu. And then there's L…
Alex Winter Says 'Bill & Ted 3' Could Film Later This Year
Bill & Ted 3 has been in the works for years, and while that prolonged development time isn't any worse than, say, waiting for a new Pixar sequel, keep in mind that it's been 25 years since Bill S. Preston, Esquire and Ted Theodore Logan last graced the big screen. Over the last fe…
Watch Expert Marskman Keanu Reeves Shoot a Bunch of Stuff Training for 'John Wick 2'
Over the course of a human life, a person's coolness quotient should follow a basic pattern. Infants, with their constant crying and inability to clean their own buttocks, are decidedly uncool. Children occasionally say cool things, but are mostly little spaz-bots intent on making ev…
Watch the '47 Ronin' Animated Prequel
You've surely seen the trailers for '47 Ronin,' which feature Keanu Reeves teaming up with a bunch of masterless samurai to take on a bunch of supernatural threats. If you saw them and wondered what the heck was going on, you're not alone. Story, at least in the marketing for the film, seems to have…


Propositions 1A and 65 both seek to limit state authority over local finances. The idea of drafting a ballot initiative to secure local government funding began in 2001 with conversations among the California Special Districts Association, the League of California Cities, and the California State Association of Counties. The three associations temporarily shelved their initiative strategy, forming the Leave Our Community Assets Local (LOCAL) coalition in order to focus on promoting change through legislative channels. In September 2003, citing the state's continued targeting of local government funds to balance the budget, the initiative drive resumed, culminating in Proposition 65.
With voter support in question, the proponents of Prop. 65 decided to work with the Governor to craft a legislative solution. An alternative plan for reducing state authority over local finances (SCA4) was passed by the legislature at the end of July 2004. This plan will go before the voters as Proposition 1A. All of the official proponents of Proposition 65 now support Proposition 1A.
If both Proposition 1A and 65 are approved and Proposition 1A receives more yes votes, none of the provisions of Proposition 65 will go into effect.
Proposition 65 limits state authority to reduce major local tax revenues. Its restrictions apply to state actions taken over the last year, and thus would prevent a major component of the 2004-05 budget plan (a $1.3 billion property tax shift in 2004-05 and again in 2005-06) from taking effect unless approved by the state's voters at the subsequent election. In future state budgets, Proposition 65 would permit the state to modify major local tax revenues for the fiscal benefit of the state, but only with the approval of the state's voters.
Prop. 65 reduces state authority to reallocate tax revenues among local governments, requiring voter approval before the state can reduce any individual local government's revenues from the property tax, uniform local sales tax, or vehicle license fee. The local governments affected include cities, counties, special districts, and redevelopment agencies.
The measure also restricts state authority to impose mandates on local governments without reimbursement. It authorizes local governments, schools, and community college districts to decide whether or not to comply with a state requirement if the state does not fully reimburse local costs.
Proposition 1A also restricts state authority to reduce major local tax revenues, however its restrictions apply to future state actions only, and would allow the planned $1.3 billion property tax shifts to take place in 2004-05 and 2005-06. In future budgets Proposition 1A allows for limited, short-term shifting of local property taxes. The state must repay local governments for these property tax losses within five years.
Prop. 1A prohibits the state from reducing any local government's revenues from local sales taxes, but maintains some state authority to alter the allocation of property tax revenues, vehicle license fee revenues, and other taxes. Proposition 1A does not include a state voter approval requirement. Its restrictions do not apply to redevelopment agencies.
The measure also restricts state authority to impose mandates on local governments without reimbursement. However, Prop. 1A's mandate provisions do not apply to schools and community colleges. If the state does not fund a mandate in any year, the state must eliminate local government's duty to implement it for that same time period.