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Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education
Oxford Research Encyclopedias Education
Alternative and Non-formal Education
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Earth Ethics for Education
Clarence W. Joldersma
Education needs an ethical orientation that can help it grapple better with global environmental issues such as climate change and decreasing biodiversity, something called earth ethics. The term ethics is used in an unusual manner, to mean a normativity more basic than concrete norms, principles, or rules for living. The idea of earth is also used in an unusual way, as a kind of concealing, a refusal to disclose itself, while at the same time, constituting a kind of interference with the familiarity of the world. The idea of earth plays on the contrast between living on earth and living in the world. The latter involves the familiar concerns and actions of culture and work, of politics and economics. Earth ethics becomes a call to responsibility coming from the earth—a call to let the earth and earthlings be, to acknowledge their refusal to answer our questions or fit easily into our worldly projects, and to recognize their continuing mystery as beings with their own intrinsic worth. The idea of earth ethics is developed through attending to a set of human experiences. First is an experience of gratefulness toward the earth. This gratefulness not only reveals our finitude, but also our indebtedness to the grace-filled support the earth continually gives us for our worldly projects and concerns. This reveals earth as our home, a dwelling we share with other earthlings. This reveals earth's fundamental fragility. What seems solid and dependable from a worldly perspective shows up as vulnerability from an earthly viewpoint. The experiences of gratefulness to and fragility of the earth gives rise to feeling a call to responsibility, the core of earth ethics. Earth ethics is a call of responsibility to the earth, one that grows out of our debt of gratitude and the earth's fragility. It is this normative call that might guide education in its grappling with environmental issues.
The Role of Mentoring in Teacher Education
Nicole Hayes and Bruce Pridham
Mentoring is a positive, supportive facilitation of learning and development between a person with more experience, knowledge, or expertise in a certain field, and a person who is less knowledgeable or is new to that field. In the tertiary setting, mentoring programs take on many forms and structures, with a range of objectives such as support for transition, academic supplemented instruction, and social support. All mentoring programs, regardless of structure, are fundamentally a transactional process of support underpinned by a mutually respectful relationship. The foundations of mentoring are drawn from theoretical frameworks grounded in social constructivism, social learning, applied learning, and developmental theory. These frameworks inform aspects of collaborative learning and outline the multiple benefits for participants including the building of interpersonal, problem-solving and communication skills, increasing academic success and motivation. Successful mentoring programs are conceptualized and planned to ensure the program meets its objectives, has sound processes, clear expectations and roles for all participants, and an effective evaluation system for continual refinement and improvement. When the objective of the mentoring is to increase academic knowledge and skill, the greatest success occurs when the mentor has the expertise, experience, and the ability to scaffold the personal construction of meaning for the mentee. In initial teacher education (ITE) contexts mentoring programs derive successful outcomes for the mentee, mentor, academic teaching staff, organization, and ultimately the profession. The less able students require support and scaffolding to promote and enhance deep learning and the mentor experiences altruism, while refining and practicing pedagogical skills. Mentees and mentors gain self-efficacy, confidence in pedagogical skills, and inter- intrapersonal skills. Staff are able to support diverse open learning tasks to accommodate a personalized learning approach for large cohorts with trained mentors working in the classroom providing point-of-need feedback to maximize learning gains. The university gains through low-cost innovations that increase levels of academic success and positively influence retention and student satisfaction. Society benefits from the resultant high-quality graduates, who are "classroom ready" and prepared to meet the challenges of complex learning environments. Mentoring plays an integral role in the development of teacher professional identity through modelling and intergenerational relationships. Changing accreditation requirements and government-led inquiries into initial teacher education courses have prompted a review of current practices in the tertiary sector. To better meet the needs of the workforce, universities have a greater responsibility to demonstrate the classroom readiness of graduands. Successful teacher education programs utilize mentoring to support and enculturate the next generation of practitioners and ensure they are work ready. Structured mentoring programs transform the student experience, and create cohesive program designs to guide and support preservice teachers who are engaged in the process of learning and reinforcing their positions as developing teachers. Students in near-peer mentoring programs develop a range of mentoring skills and experiences that complement their academic development as they enter the teaching profession.
Special Education and Integrated Education in Hong Kong
Fuk-chuen Ho and Cici Sze-ching Lam
Hong Kong has adopted a dual-track system of the education for students with special educational needs (SEN). The system provides a diverse school education to cater to the individual needs of students. In principle, students with SEN are encouraged to receive education in ordinary schools as far as possible. Students with severe SEN or multiple disabilities, however, can be referred to special schools for intensive support services upon the recommendation of specialists and with parents' consent. Before the launch of the pilot scheme of integrated education in 1998, students with SEN were mostly placed in special schools. The change from a mono-track system to a dual-track system caused concerns for teachers in ordinary schools. This is because integrated education is more than placing students with SEN in ordinary classrooms. It involves a total change in the way schools and teachers operate. Teachers require the skills and background knowledge to support a diverse range of students in the classroom through ordinary classroom practices, and the ability to meet the needs of every student as an individual. In Hong Kong, most teachers have particular concerns about the short duration of training in professional development, the difficulties in the design of the curriculum and assessment differentiation under the three-tier support system, the practice of collaboration among different teaching teams, and the change of administrators' perceptions on the education of students with SEN. The central authority and the school community should work collaboratively to deal with these pressing difficulties.
History of Curriculum Development in Schools
Daniel Tanner
The evolution of curriculum development in schools reflects the evolution of knowledge and civilization itself. What knowledge is of most worth? How shall it be codified, structured, and transformed into curriculum for the acculturation and growth of successive generations so that the future is better than the past? How can the school be designed and equipped as a productive and democratic learning environment? These are some of the questions that intersect with the fundamental factors of the education process, namely the learner, the curriculum, and the society. When these fundamental factors are set in opposition or isolation, the possibility for educational progress is impeded or set back. Embracing the idea of progress and the science of education, the experimentalist movement over the first half of the 20th century sought to dissolve the dualisms carried from ancient Greece (e.g., mind/body, intellect/emotion, abstract/concrete knowledge) in endeavoring to create new designs and structures for curriculum synthesis to meet the democratic prospect and the universal educational needs of the rising generation. In sum, the experimentalists reconstructed curriculum development into a process of problem solving for educational progress, holding to the paradigmatic principle that the structure and function of the school curriculum must be in congruence with the nature and needs of the learner for effective living in the democratic society. The paradigm holds the fundamental factors in the education process as necessarily interdependent and in harmony. The curriculum paradigm explains why so many reforms imposed on the schools predictively are destined for failure simply because they set the fundamental factors in conflict with each other. The march of democracy in global affairs will require a resurgence of the progressive vision for the curriculum of the democratic classroom and school in which students are engaged openly with each other and with the teacher in investigative cooperation, collaboration, and consultation.
Educational Reforms in Kenya
Martin Mwongela Kavua
Educational reforms have been made from time to time since independence in Kenya. These reforms have been effected through commissions of education in the context of the country. Among education commissions that have steered reforms in Kenya are the Kenya Education Commission, the National Commission on Education Objectives and Policy, the Presidential Working Party on the Second University, the Commission of Inquiry into the Educational System of Kenya, and the Taskforce on the Realignment of the Sector to the New System. The main challenges facing the education sector have been issues of access, equity, quality, relevance, availability of educational resources, and efficiency in managing them. Moreover, the education system has been blamed for some of the challenges in the education sector, necessitating system change from the 8+4+4 to the 2+6+3+3+3 system. Challenges facing education reforms include inconsistency in carrying out reforms fueled by lack of a guiding philosophical framework, a top-down decision-making process, limited backing for inclusive education in policy, and curriculum-based challenges. Going forward, a bottom-up approach to education reforms, an evidence-based decision-making for reforms in education, and an implementation of inclusive education may play a significant role in reforming the education system.
Teacher Education in Russia
Roza Valeeva and Aydar Kalimullin
Teacher training in Russia began at the end of the 18th century and has been transformed many times over the past two centuries. The reforms were connected with the development of a comprehensive school system, which became a mass phenomenon in the 19th century. The transformation was most active when the country went through social and economic growth. Up to 2011 Soviet teacher training traditions and principles strongly influenced the Russian teacher education system. It was the period of significant change of shifting from a 5-year program, called "specialist's degree," to bachelor's and master's degree programs as a response to the Bologna process. At the beginning of 2010 a range of organizational problems and content-related problems of teacher education arose: the reproductive character of teaching in higher education institutions implementing training programs for future teachers; the predominant single-channel model of the system of teacher training not providing students with opportunities to implement transitions between teaching and non-teaching areas of training; and the lack of the system of independent assessment of the quality of future teachers training. These problems prompted the government to start a reform of teacher education in the country from 2014 to 2017. Teacher education in Russia in the early 21st century is a complex system of continuing teacher training which gives students a chance to enter the teaching profession through a number of different ways. The main structural levels of the system of continuing teacher education in Russia are vocational training educational institutions funded by local governments (teacher training colleges), higher education institutions (specialized teacher training higher education institutions, classical universities, non-governmental [private] universities, non-pedagogical universities), and educational institutions of continuing professional development and professional retraining. The types of educational institutions correlate with the degree levels. The content of teacher education is based on the Federal State Educational Standards. All teacher training universities that provide teacher education programs follow these Federal State Educational Standards when they develop their educational programs. Teacher education in Russia determines the quality of professional training in all social spheres. In the early 21st century, graduates from teacher training universities have started working in different professional areas, including social, educational, cultural, and administrative fields.
Universal Design for Learning: Changing the Way We Interact With Diversity
Suzanne Stolz
Universal Design for Learning, widely known as UDL, is a framework for creating flexible curriculum and pedagogy that provides access for all students, giving the opportunity to build from their strengths. First introduced in 1998, UDL is centered on three principles: (a) provide multiple means of engagement, (b) provide multiple means of representation, and (c) provide multiple means of action and expression. In applying the framework in K–12 or postsecondary schools, educators first consider the diversity of students, their assets and needs, the barriers that interfere with their success, and then plan lessons that are widely accessible. UDL has close relationship with technology as it provides various ways to present content, engage students, and demonstrate their learning. Research and policy, largely in the United States, support the growth of UDL. Research has created UDL tools like the Strategic Reader, produced recommendations for implementation, and measured efficacy. The National UDL Task Force, a coalition of stakeholder organizations has worked for the integration of UDL principles into local, state, and federal policies. Critiques of the framework note a dearth of empirical evidence and inconsistency in the research. They also help identify a path forward in designing new research and attending to complications in the framework that might better address diversity and bring students to the center.
Reforms of the Matriculation EFL Tests in China
Jia Lin
In 2013, the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China initiated fundamental reforms of the Matriculation English as a Foreign Language Tests (the Matriculation EFL Tests hereafter) in order to solve problems in college admissions and K–12 education. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Education, provinces announced their specific reform plans. This round of reforms features holding the Matriculation EFL Tests multiple times per year and involving nongovernment testing companies in test development and administration. This indicates China is on the way to aligning with international educational assessment standards and practices. Meanwhile, some proposed reforms are unexpectedly deviating from the longstanding English fever and have triggered heated debates and disputes in China. Proposed reforms of the Matriculation EFL Tests reflect China's current language policy and the trend of de-Westernization. These reforms will have both positive and negative influences on test development, the K–12 EFL curriculum, instruction, and learning. Social impacts and potential influences on social justice caused by this round of reforms also deserve attention.
Activism and Social Movement Building in Curriculum
Julie Gorlewski and Isabel Nuñez
Curriculum, while often conceived as a static entity delivered as a neutral set of facts arranged in disciplinary categories, is, in reality, a pedagogical artifact—a product generated as a result of decisions made by a range of stakeholders who represent different cultural imperatives linked to contested perspectives about the purposes of school. Students' and teachers' experiences of school, then, are dialogic performances of a curriculum that promotes various levels of power and privilege, as well as understandings of equity and diversity. Therefore, whether or not it is recognized, the curriculum delivered in schools serves to either maintain or interrupt the status quo. Given the number of students who participate in public education, curriculum contributes a great deal to shaping the national narrative. Curriculum contributes to social movements, and the nature of the curriculum determines the direction of the movement. Since curriculum development and implementation involves myriad decisions, influence is wielded by those with decision-making power. Social status and cultural capital, both of which are historically linked with political power, largely determine who makes curricular decisions, as well as how decisions are made. These conditions pose challenges for those who have been historically marginalized within educational institutions. Despite obstacles related to systemic inequities, different forms of curriculum can and do contribute to the creation and perpetuation of social movements. Moreover, educators who understand how educational institutions function, how curricular changes occur, and how curriculum can be a source of and vehicle for change can create conditions for transformative activist curricular movements.
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https://sportswire.usatoday.com/2014/02/19/sochi-olympics-steve-holcomb-strained-calf/
Steve Holcomb takes it easy on strained calf in training
February 19, 2014 4:47 am ET
(Kevin Jairaj-USA TODAY Sports)
By Jeff Zillgitt
KRASNAYA POLYANA, Russia – USA-1 bobsled pilot Steve Holcomb, who strained his left calf during the two-man event earlier this week, took it easy on the first official day of four-man training on Wednesday.
Holcomb sat in the sled at the start and did not push the sled, which was what U.S. men's bobsled coach Brian Shimer said might happen after Holcomb and Steve Langton won the two-man bronze on Monday.
Langton and Chris Fogt, who also competed in two-man and are on USA-1, skipped today's training to rest.
Holcomb said his calf is improving. He received treatment until about 2 a.m. Wednesday, awoke around 7 a.m. Wednesday for more treatment and the U.S. bobsled medical staff will continue to work on Holcomb's calf.
"I feel pretty good, and we have an amazing medical staff helping to get me race ready again," Holcomb said. "We have a plan set up going into the rest of the week."
With Holcomb not pushing and Langton and Fogt sitting out, there's not much to glean for USA-1's two training runs – 24th in the first run and 16th in the second run.
Latvia-1 pilot Oskars Melbardis, Russia-1's Alexander Zubkov, who won the two-man gold, and Germany-1's Maximilian Arndt were the fastest sleds in Wednesday's training. Zubkov is trying to become the sixth person to win two-man and four-man gold in the same Olympics.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wander through Westminster Abbey and observe its many tombs and inscriptions. Then walk through a city park, by a cenotaph and note to whom the plaques and sculptures are dedicated: not to book reviewers, political pundits, art critics or detractors of any kind. They are written and erected to those who did something for humankind.
First let me say that this week's Issachar Note is not a defense against our critics. Leaders need them. Critics help to keep us facing issues. They call us to higher standards. They remind us that we can't get away with what others can. For if we do, the consequences are too severe.
Rather I want to encourage you, the leader, not to be unduly depleted by the constant and unrelenting critique you may be facing this week. When you feel like throwing in the towel because a small mistake has been blown out of proportion, reign in your feelings of self-pity and remind yourself that to lead is your calling.
It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doers of deeds could have done them better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who errs, and comes short again and again because there is no effort without error and shortcomings; but who does actually strive to do the deeds; who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions; who spends himself in worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.
Crucified One of Calvary, the God of Creation, you who were shackled by your own creation, keep me from wanting to call it quits when unfairness overtakes. Your Spirit refusing to camouflage my errors instead fills me with strength so I can keep on doing, even in my fallenness, that which is good. Forgive me. Cleanse my duplicitous heart. Strengthen my weak knees. Give surety to my unsure hands. By your grace I will not stop because either fairly or unfairly I've been criticized. I will go on in your strong name. Amen.


Mike Pence responded to Pete Buttigieg's recent verbal attacks against the vice president's beliefs about homosexuality.
"He said some things that are critical of my Christian faith and about me personally. And he knows better. He knows me," Pence told CNBC.
Buttigieg is vying for a shot at the Democratic primary for the 2020 presidential election. The gay mayor is married to his partner, Chasten Buttigieg.
Pense said that he believes Buttigieg's comments come from trying to gain an advantage in the crowded primary.
Pence was referring to Buttigieg's comments over the weekend in which he called out the "Mike Pences" of the world who believe that marriage should be between one man and one woman.
Buttigieg continued: "That's the thing that I wish the Mike Pences of the world would understand. ... That if you have a problem with who I am, your problem is not with me. Your quarrel, sir, is with my Creator."
As governor of Indiana, Pence said he and Buttigieg "worked very closely," and "had a great working relationship."
Despite cultural pressure to embrace homosexuality, Pence continues to stand on the Word of God.
"I have my Christian values. My family and I have a view of marriage that's informed by our faith. And we stand by that. But that doesn't mean that we're critical of anyone else who has a different point of view," Pence told CNBC.


Platinum Games has given a behind the scenes look at their collaboration with Square Enix for some upcoming figures. The Play Arts Kai figures are based on the video game Vanquish. We get a look at the making of two major characters; Sam Gideon and Victor Zaitsev (Bogey Mode). The figures are due out in May 2012 for a price of $69.99 each.
would make a kickass Iron Man figure.


Most mass shooters are male- why?
Mack being that hurt is unfortunate... that OL played the whole season together and to break up that chemistry in the final game will have an impact. especially with Branch playing at the level he has for NE.
rookie MLB for Atlanta. 8-2 tackles/assists, 2 sacks, 2 turnovers and key drive ending play in the 4th. I think they will be using him to blitz up the middle to pressure Brady with some cover of RBs out of the backfield.
Sipping Booze For Under $30/750ml or $20/375ml?
Green has been used as a decoy in the past, so I would be highly skeptical for anything better than a 3-30 stat line on a first game back from injury. As it wouldn't be the first time Marvin Lewis thinks he was tricking his opponents by using Green as a decoy. Week 15 is vs Pittsburgh who kept a healthy Green in check week 2. So I would expect the same with a less than 100% Green. Week 16 vs Houston though would make a tough benching if he played in Week 15 and didn't aggravate the injury. In a way that is my bigger concern, say Green is cleared to play and practices all week, then aggravates the injury early in the game and is out. I feel his first game back has the highest chance of aggravating the injury and/or being used as a decoy, which puts too much risk on starting him. If he comes through that first week good, then the next week I'd be putting him back in my lineup. Unless you have no other depth that will have an average floor compared to the risk of a goose egg for Green, then the high ceiling start for Green and just take the risk of starting him then go for it. Probably looking at your opponents possible lineup against will determine if you need to swing for the fences or could play it save to win.
Not sure how anyone can say having a voter ID can disproportionately negatively effect anyone. They would be free and everyone would get one. Pretty simple. Anyone who drives gets a drivers license and no one is up in arms about requiring that. People buying alcohol typically need ID and no one questions that. Having voting rights be on par with those items seems pretty common sense to me.
Not talking "politically correct" <> being racist However, the opposite seems to be the underlying thread nowadays. If Trump said something that wasn't politically correct, boom, he is racist. The word really is being misused and much of it is because the media/entertainment industry is doubling down on bad mouthing Trump. Obama was elected by a lot of whites voting for him. Many switched over and voted for Trump this time over Clinton. How that can be deemed racist is crazy talk. Overall as a country this media and democrat driven divide between whites and blacks can't end well if they continue on with it. Trump said he will be working toward creating living wage jobs and did not specify for just white people. They will be for all ethnic, religious and political Americans. Heck, he hasn't even taken office yet and it's a media shet storm trying to worry about this and worry about that and make accusations everywhere to try and keep everyone divided instead of trying to bring everyone together and give the guy a chance. All the campaigning rhetoric was just that. The Clinton campaign dished out their fair share and in this election Trump did what other republican candidates haven't, in dishing it right back and upping the ante. He fought fire with fire. It turned out a success and now he is moving forward and in speeches so far and moving away from all the campaign rhetoric.
Got Any Personal Conspiracy Theories?
Julio came back in, but wasn't targeted the rest of the game... so who knows what will be announced with his injury during the week. Maybe GB's coverage which him gimpy was enough to shut him down.
Too early to look at playoff matchups?
Never too early. In re-drafts, sometimes you can draft players with very good week 1-4 schedules that are hot to start, but typically have harder schedules later, so you trade those guys away for the studs which are under performing due to tougher schedules early, but their bonus match ups late. Sometimes it is hard to figure out which defenses will be the great matchups due to injuries during the year, but the bottom 5-10 usually don't improve a ton in one year, so are typical targets. But in the end, a week before everyone else in your league starts thinking playoff matchups is definitely the latest to be looking at them! You have to be the first team to strike at the "playoff matchup" trade, since once those trades start, everyone notices and it's hard to make more of them as the price of those playoff matchup players gets too expensive.


Just minutes after Vladimir Putin gave an unusually pro-Western speech, his country's parliament members and athletes railed against their country's Olympic track and field ban, calling the charges an abuse of human rights.
The International Association for Athletic Federations banned the Russian track and field team from Rio's Summer Olympic Games on Friday for what it called "top down" doping violations. And when the news arrived, Russian President Vladimir Putin was delivering an unusually pro-Western speech at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.
Putin told the forum's participants that America was "the only super-power" and stressed that "we accept that." Later, some experts suggested that Putin's speech was an effort to make peace with Washington.
The Russian president said that Russia was not angry with the West for the economic sanctions over the country's Ukrainian intervention and that his country was open to partnership relations to the European Union. Russian leader sounded as if he made up his mind to open a new page.
"He did not know about the ban, when he spoke," Aleksey Venediktov, editor-in-chief of Echo of Moscow radio, told The Daily Beast.
But shortly after Putin finished his address, the forum's participants and Russia's business and political elite grouped to discuss the country's latest punishment that they believe the West had invented. This time, it was over the doping scandal.
Both conservative and liberal observers agreed that without its track athletes, Russia would appear very weak at the Games this summer. In 2012, Russian track and field athletes brought home 8 out of the country's 24 golden medals. One of them, speedwalker Sergey Kirdpakin, was stripped of his gold in March.
"This is an unfair decision. Clean athletes—those not involved in the scandal—should be able to participate in the Games," Vladimir Ryzhkov, an opposition leader and a participant at the forum, told The Daily Beast.
Mere minutes after Putin said that Russia was not angry with the West, top Russian officials fumed, issuing angry comments about "the hostility" towards Russian athletes.
"This is a result of an aggressive information campaign," Aleksei Pushkov, the head of the international affairs committee at the State Duma, told TASS news agency.
"The entire doping scandal is a pure falsification, invented to discredit and humiliate Russia," parliament member Vadim Dengin told The Daily Beast.
The Olympic Games are vital to Russian culture, wherein sports and national teams have been glorified for decades. One of Russia's most celebrated athletes, two-time Olympic medalist Yelena Isinbayeva, declared that the IAAF's decision was "discrimination based on a nationality principle" and that Russia should complain about the abuse of human rights.
Even Ukraine stepped in to defend Russia. Secretary General of the Athletic Federation Yevgeni Medved said that allowing Russian athletes to participate in the Rio's Games would be a much wiser decision for the IAAF.


im a student at page high and people think it is a terrible school but it is actually great. all of my teachers are amazing and there are so many nice people. if you dont understand something, most teachers will go out of their way to help you. it is a smaller school with a tight-knit, family-like bond & a lot of spirit. the athletics as well as the academics are exceptional. a great school.
Page High School has Tennessee's top-rated AP Calculus and AP Chemistry programs and ranks among America's Top 500 schools. Graduates attend Ivy League and other prestigious universities. Most teachers, outside of the history department, are exceptional and set high expectations. Students at other Williamson County schools come in with high scores but do not show growth. Students at Page come in with slightly lower scores but show tremendous growth far surpassing the other local schools. In a recent survey, parents and students alike applauded Page for being one big family where everyone sticks up for each other. In fact the school has the lowest occurrence of bullying and cliques in the entire county. This high school is the best-kept secret in the Southeastern United States. See their Wikipedia page as witness of their athletic and academic success.
I am a PROUD parent of 2 Page High Students and a third child who will be there in the 2010-2011 school year. I cannot say enough about our wonderful staff and our Page High community. We have outstanding teachers, extremely involved parents and good students. We chose to move into the Page High district and have never regretted it.... I did the research and Page won hands down! Our school is the best kept secret in Williamson County and I love the community feel everytime I come into he school, attend a sporting event or a school event. I am very much a proud Page High Parent! All schools in Williamson County are good schools and Page High ranks right up there with them all!
My two older children attended Page. By the time my third child was old enough for high school, I had already decided not to send him there. The teachers at Page were very hostile toward my daughter and indifferent toward my son. Students who don't make waves are usually ignored. Those who challenge, are put down on a daily basis. I feel so guilty about putting my two older children through that. My younger son went to a private school and now has many more options, because he was educated in math. Although all of my children have gone on to be successful, contributing members of society, I will never be able to make it up to my children for that poor high school education.
Page High School is a joke. It has a terrible reputation in the county. It is a very small school and students are forced to conform to fit in. The marching band at PHS always does very well, but athletics are a joke. I think an AP class at Page is a standard class at any other school in the county. There are a few good teachers, but other than that, it is a joke.
I feel that Page High school is a great school. I was involved in sports, clubs, and was also the president of the school when I attended. Graduates from my class went to colleges all over the country. We had someone go to Stanford, Boston University, Boston College, UT, Alabama, etc... I have found that at Page, you get the best education that you want. If you want a good education, it is easy to achieve. I always found that no matter what your involved with, the teachers are warm and friendly; however, if you are a trouble maker, they might not be as nice, but I think that is with every school. I know that Page has a top rate special program that no other school in the county can offer. Also, Page has the best education for people going into specific jobs after graduation.
We are new to Page and definitely feel it is the best kept secret! There is a wholesome-ness to the culture. The students are very well behaved, considerate, and have a lot of fun in their various activities. We met this spring with Dr. Anthony and she recruits the BEST teachers - those with good rapport with students/parents, and who have good track records. We attended Open House and were VERY impressed with the teachers. Each were very caring, prepared, and since have communicated well, using email, Parent Connection and other web based resources to keep parents informed! Our student is in the band and they easily beat out larger bands from larger schools. We are VERY impressed!
I am a mother of 3 Page High School graduates, 2 of which went on to college. I think if you asked any of them they would agree that the teachers at Page make the school!
Hi, i am currently a student(senior) at middle college high school. I attended page for the first three years of high school. If you were not involved with sports at page you really were not shown the atention you needed. They care a lot about there atheletics and had a great program for that but if you were not into sports, you were left in the cold. A lot of the teachers are coachs. If your in their class, the refer to sports and sports related things to teach class. Im personally not into sports so half the time i had no idea what they were talking about. Parents, if your child is not into sports, do not send your child to this school. Please consider somewhere else because page will not help them.
As a former student I can say that Page High should, if it is not already, be held in as high esteem if not higher than any other school in Williamson County. During my time there I felt like Page was consistently overshadowed by the academic and athletic successes of much larger schools like Franklin and Brentwood, but looking back I realize that simply wasn't true. Page was and still is the diamond in the rough with an unbelievably successful music and arts program including a state championship marching band and vibrant drama program, as well as a nationally recognized JROTC program which I'm proud to say I was a part of. I value my memories of being a student at Page and can honestly say it was the caring faculty and administration as well as numerous extracurricular opportunities that prepared me for my college career.
My child is at Page HS now, I love this school. There is much accountability here as it is a rural environment and many of the kids have grown up together; therefore, many of the parents have also known each other for years. The drama and music departments are garnering a positive national reputation for the school. There was a state of the art performing arts center,constructed and opened a couple of years ago, along with a recording studio. The marching band is going for their 4th consecutive state championship, it's a miracle what these kids do when you look at the state of their instruments they have to use. Pathetic that a program that has gotten terific publicity for the school is ignored when it comes to passing out funds to replace instruments that are older then the kids who play them.
I am the mother of 3 children. My older children both attended Centennial High School, and our youngest was rezoned for Page High. At first we were apprehensive about him attending such a small school, but quickly learned the advantages of the rural high school. He has had a wonderful experience in both academics and athletics, and could not be in a better learning environment. I'm certain our principal, Dr. Anthony knows each and every student's name. She is very dedicated, and has the best interest of Page High students as her goal. I would highly recommend this school over the larger schools in Williamson County.
As the parent of one Page High graduate and a current sophmore, I can say without hesitation that this is the best highschool in Williamson County bar none. If the sports teams are not as well recognized as the larger schools, they offer more students an opportunity to participate. The academics are second to none. Just look at the scores. When you get past the, 'country image', you see that this is school is about what is best in class, inclusion and excellence!
I am a former student of Page High, and I was just shy of miserable at this school. I ended up transferring to Middle College in order to escape. The majority of my teachers didn't care about students on an individual basis, which is almost understandable in a large school. However, many could put forth more effort if they desired to do so. Administrators only care about the image of the school, attendance numbers and test scores. They are not concerned with the well-being of the students. Teachers pay no mind to students that are at risk of failing, while Middle College instructors will assist in any way possible. I was failing classes and had given up the idea of college while attending Page. While attending Middle College, I became an A student and applied and was accepted to a university. I regret not leaving Page High sooner than I did!


text:
New crop of lawmakers the latest threat to Michigan prevailing wage
December 4, 2014	1:55 PM CST By Chaz Bolte And Marty Mulcahy
LANSING, Mich. – There's a good chance that a lid will be kept on incessant calls from some within the Michigan Republican caucus to repeal the state Prevailing Wage Act in the state legislature's lame duck session, which will wrap up some time in December.
Next year, however, may be a whole different ballgame. And there is still one long-shot possibility that the prevailing wage could be in danger this month: If some of the ruling Republicans decide to attach it to infrastructure improvements.
Repeal of the Michigan Prevailing Wage Act of 1965 would be a coup for "limited government" conservatives, and a devastating blow to the state's construction industry, both union and nonunion.
The state's law is based on the federal Davis-Bacon Act, which requires the payment of local wages that "prevail" in a given area on taxpayer-funded projects. Both the state and federal laws prevent contractors from winning construction contracts by employing lower-paid, out-of-area workers to undermine bids by local contractors.
Prevailing wage keeps local workers off of public assistance, and recycles income workers make throughout their community, through the payment of local tax dollars and visits to restaurants, shops and car dealerships.
In September, the current Republican leaders, House Speaker Jase Bolger and Senate Majority Leader Randy Richardville, shrugged off any chance that the state's prevailing wage law would be repealed in 2014. Richardville said he had "no interest" in pursuing prevailing wage this year, and Bolger said much the same.
But neither Richardville nor Bolger will be in office next year. Both are term-limited. Now meet the new bosses. They're not the same as the old bosses.
The GOP caucus elected Sen. Arlan Meekhof, R-West Olive, majority leader, as Richardville's replacement. Rep. Kevin Cotter, R-Mt. Pleasant, will replace Bolger in the speaker's chair.
There's no word yet on how Cotter feels about prevailing wage repeal, but Meekhof told MIRS News Service that he thinks repeal is good public policy, so even if repeal is not taken up in 2014 it could make an appearance next year.
Meekhof, an arch-conservative who was a sponsor of Michigan's right-to-work law, also sponsored a three-bill package last year that all dealt with repealing prevailing wage.
Meekhof reminded Mlive.com that he, not Richardville, will call the tune in 2015. In what is perhaps a bit of evil foreshadowing, Meekhof said: "He (Richardville) is the majority leader until the end of the year, and the majority leader will set the agenda."
And with numerous new lawmakers coming to Lansing in the new session, there's no way to know how the political winds will be blowing.
"The way I see things at this point, I'm optimistic, I think they're looking at reforming prevailing wage, rather than outright repeal," said Patrick "Shorty" Gleason, legislative director for the Michigan Building and Construction Trades Council. "Reform" is not necessarily a bad thing as far as the trades are concerned, as it could involve updating wage surveys, improving awareness of the law among lawmakers and possibly even improving enforcement, he said.
"With all the new legislators we're going to be doing a full-court press, along with our contractors, to educate them about why the law is in place, and why it's a benefit to the state," Gleason said.
And where does re-elected Republican Gov. Rick Snyder stand on prevailing wage repeal? What he has said sounds a lot like what he said about signing right-to-work legislation in 2012: He said RTW wasn't on his agenda, and then he put it on his agenda by signing it into law after a lame-duck session rushed it through.
"Prevailing wage repeal is "a very divisive issue, so I would say it's not something that we're working on," the governor said last year. At another point his spokesman said: "This is not at all an issue we are looking at or working on." We shall see.
Jonathan Byrd, legislative director of the Michigan Laborers District Council, said it is going to be important for individual building trades workers to stand up for their law – the single most important rule on Michigan's books that bolsters workers' incomes.
"There are lots of new folks in the legislature in 2015," Byrd said. "It's really key for people to reach out to their legislator and let them know how they feel about the value of prevailing wage, and what it means to their community."
But the far right may steal a march on workers by trading road funding for prevailing wage repeal this month, a pro-worker blog reports. That's even though the GOP will have super-majorities in both houses of the legislature next year.
While infrastructure looks to be a central focus of the state's GOP – something labor officials are excited about – it is possible that 30 retiring legislators will use their last days in office to try to repeal the prevailing wage laws in return, the blog reports. That's something labor officials fiercely oppose.
Political analyst Bill Ballenger told MichiganRadio.org prevailing wage repeal "has been a long-sought goal of the business community and conservative Republicans over the years."
Richardville told MLive.com that he is not interested in repealing the law and does not expect the law to be taken up in the lame duck session. That prompted Meekhof's retort. And while Meekhof, too, says the issue is not on his agenda, his promise is as much cause for concern as it is a comfort. Snyder famously uttered those very words before signing off on "right-to-work" legislation two lame duck sessions ago.
On the positive side, roads became a central theme of the 2014 elections and the GOP understands that if they do not take action at year's end they will have to answer to constituents when they return from Lansing to their districts. The state has some of the worst roads in the U.S.
But in Michigan – as in Washington, D.C. – the question is where to find the money, given the hate-taxes ideology of the GOP's Tea Party'ers.
Bridge Magazine laid out the situation facing both Michigan lawmakers and drivers: "Michigan spends less per capita on its roads than any other state in the nation. Michigan spends $174 per person annually on transportation. Our neighbors in Illinois and Ohio each spend $235. Minnesota spends $315."
A majority of the public is willing to pay more in taxes for better roads, according to polling and community conversations sponsored by The Center for Michigan, a nonpartisan think-tank which publishes the magazine.
"The state doesn't have $1 billion (the amount Snyder says is needed) lying around in its couch cushions, and there's little agreement about where to find the money," it adds.
"Snyder has proposed an increase in the gas tax and in auto registration fees, but that will be an even tougher sell in 2015 with additional Tea Party members in the legislature. That's one reason Snyder, less than 12 hours after being re-elected, said he would push for road funding in the lame duck session, with the hopes that term-limited legislators who didn't want to raise taxes before the election will be willing to do so now," the center explained.
State Rep. Bill Rogers concurred that roads will be the major issue, although he does not know if the lame duck lawmakers will find answers to the complex issue of financing road projects. "I expect there will be something done about roads. I don't know if we'll come up with a 100 percent solution, but we could provide a start for those coming in," he says.
For Democrats and construction workers, passage of a roads bill in the lame duck session may be more favorable than the framework being created by the next group of legislators. The concern is the Far Right will cite the $1 billion needed to improve Michigan roads as a reason to repeal the prevailing wage in the name of offsetting costs.
Ballenger expects any attempt at repeal to bring a swift and strong response from the left. He told Michigan Radio: "If Republicans move to repeal prevailing wage, they can expect unions to react the same way they did to the passage of the right-to-work law and bring cries of bloody murder from the Democrats if that happens."
Photo: Michigan construction workers are not content with promises from Rick Snyder that killing the statre's prevailing wage law is not on his agenda. They note that this has been a long time goal of the now-ruling state Republicans. | Ken Stevens/AP & The Muskegon Chronicle
Chaz Bolte
Marty Mulcahy
Marty Mulcahy is the managing editor of The Building Tradesman.
AFSCME wins twice in Chicago, unionizing Art Institute and its school
"White Tiger": A movie you might have missed
Thatcher – Britain's most-hated prime minister
MLK's final campaign lives on: The war against racism and poverty


TkWL2100 series tuning fork material level switch producesvibration through resonance of transistor. When affected by material damping,the vibration smplitude decreases dramatically and the frequency and phasechange obviously, which can be examined by internal electric circuit andconvert into swith signal for outputting after treatment. This product canmonitor, control and report the high-low level of the material tank and isapplicable for various kinds of liquids, powders and particle solid. It issimple in use, reliable in operation and strong in adaptability, which isbasically surface maintenance and both the tuning fork and output are withworking state and both adopt LED indicator, can adjust the status indicatorbased on habits and equipped with three kinds of output methods (DC24V, AC110Vand AC220V) and various output methods (DC current output type, relay contactpoint output type and DC voltage output type). All types have high or lowanalog fault alarm and optional instrument swith sensitivity.
◆Operation is notaffected by flow, turbulence,air bubble, foam, vibration,solid content, coating, liquid propertyas well as changeof products in a genuineway.
This product is liquid level switch adopting tuning fork principle design and adopts piezoelectric crystal to make vibration for tuning fork with the fixed frequency of tuning fork. It can make continuous monitoring for this kind of frequency change. When the product is used for low alarm, the liquid in the container will flow downward through tuning fork and cuase the change of fixed frequency. Thischange is examined by electronic components and then swithches outputstatus.Whenappliedtohighalarm,theliquidinthecontainer will rise and contact with tuning fork and also switches output status.
2.Upturnedinstallation that is installation method with fork end upward is not allowed.
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text:
Environmental Conservation (1)
Experimental Agriculture (1)
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (1)
Weed Science (1)
Nutrition Society (1)
Weed Science Society of America (1)
Manual of Methods for Soil and Land Evaluation. Edited by E. A. C. Costantini. Enfield, Science Publishers (2009), pp. 549, £76.99. ISBN 978-1-57808-571-2.
Richard Aspinall
Journal: Experimental Agriculture / Volume 46 / Issue 4 / October 2010
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 August 2010, pp. 565-566
Print publication: October 2010
Early immunological development and mortality from infectious disease in later life
Sophie E. Moore, Andrew C. Collinson, Pa Tamba N'Gom, Richard Aspinall, Andrew M. Prentice
Journal: Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 65 / Issue 3 / August 2006
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 March 2007, pp. 311-318
In rural Gambia the risk of mainly infection-related mortality is 10-fold higher for adults born in the nutritionally-debilitating 'hungry' season, suggesting that immune function may be compromised by events early in life. The current programme of research focuses on the biological mechanisms underlying this hypothesis, exploring early-life environmental influences on immune development and the long-term functional consequences these influences may have. Results obtained to date show that thymus development during infancy is critically sensitive to environmental exposures, with smaller thymuses observed in the hungry season. Measurement of the frequency of T-cell receptor excision circles indicate that thymus function is also sensitive to seasonal influences, with further studies implicating variations in breast-milk IL-7 as a possible mediator of these effects. Studies in adults have shown that size at birth is positively correlated with antibody responses to vaccination with polysaccharide antigens, thus providing evidence for long-term functional deficits. The present paper will review progress made to date within this field of research.
Predicting the occurrence of nonindigenous species using environmental and remotely sensed data
Lisa J. Rew, Bruce D. Maxwell, Richard Aspinall
Journal: Weed Science / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / April 2005
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017, pp. 236-241
Print publication: April 2005
To manage or control nonindigenous species (NIS), we need to know where they are located in the landscape. However, many natural areas are large, making it unfeasible to inventory the entire area and necessitating surveys to be performed on smaller areas. Provided appropriate survey methods are used, probability of occurrence predictions and maps can be generated for the species and area of interest. The probability maps can then be used to direct further sampling for new populations or patches and to select populations to monitor for the degree of invasiveness and effect of management. NIS occurrence (presence or absence) data were collected during 2001 to 2003 using transects stratified by proximity to rights-of-way in the northern range of Yellowstone National Park. In this study, we evaluate the use of environmental and remotely sensed (LANDSAT Enhanced Thematic Mapper +) data, separately and combined, for developing probability maps of three target NIS occurrence. Canada thistle, dalmation toadflax, and timothy were chosen for this study because of their different dispersal mechanisms and frequencies, 5, 3, and 23%, respectively, in the surveyed area. Data were analyzed using generalized linear regression with logit link, and the best models were selected using Akaike's Information Criterion. Probability of occurrence maps were generated for each target species, and the accuracies of the predictions were assessed with validation data excluded from the model fitting. Frequencies of occurrence of the validation data were calculated and compared with predicted probabilities. Agreement between the observed and predicted probabilities was reasonably accurate and consistent for timothy and dalmation toadflax but less so for Canada thistle.
Modeling in Natural Resource Management: Development, Interpretation, and Application. EDITED BY TANYA M. SHENK AND ALAN B. FRANKLIN, xiii + 223 pp., 44 figs., 22.8 × 15.2 × 1 cm, ISBN 1 55963 739 0 clothbound, ISBN 1 55963 740 4 paperback, US$ 25.00, Washington, USA/London, UK: Island Press, 2001
Journal: Environmental Conservation / Volume 29 / Issue 4 / December 2002
Print publication: December 2002


Ignore Conversion Optimisation At Your Peril!
Last time out we presented our top 5 ways to help your site convert – and it's not just us at Custard Media who are taking site conversions seriously.
New statistics out this week highlight the importance of looking at conversion over sales, with an estimated £2billion-a-year being wasted by UK businesses who ignore the benefits of conversion optimisation.
Clearly, looking at sales is all well and good, but acceptable sales figures often mask the fact that so many more sales have fallen by the wayside because of poor site usability and other factors. The average conversion rates for UK sites stand at around the 2% mark, but with top sites enjoying rates of 14% or more, isn't it about time the rest of the internet caught up?
The research, from a leading website conversion consultancy, also reveals that businesses are throwing money at altering the appearance of their sites in an attempt to improve performance, with 65% of sites surveyed ploughing their budget into creative design. Just 37% plump for conversion optimisation, meaning UK businesses are missing out on millions in potential sales.
Interested in improving your site's conversion rate? Talk to Custard Media.


Igor Sechin tells officials in New Delhi that Russia is keen to expand energy cooperation with India and that Rosneft is looking at directly supplying crude to Indian refineries.
Rosneft Chief Executive Igor Sechin, who was in the Indian capital yesterday, met several senior Indian officials to push for further cooperation between Russia and India in the oil and gas sector. Sechin, led a delegation of about two-dozen officials to meet India's Oil Secretary Saurabh Chandra, PTI reported on Monday.
"India is a very important country for Russia. We have a very efficiently run project with ONGC...now we want to expand our cooperation," Sechin told the news agency after the meeting.
"We are (also) looking at supplying crude oil to Indian refineries," Sechin was cited as saying by PTI in a report carried by The Economic Times. Rosneft produces 200 million tonnes of crude oil a year, Sechin told the news agency.
Rosneft had earlier offered ONGC stakes in 10 blocks in the Barents and Black Sea. Of the blocks offered in the Barents Sea, OMGC found five to not be lucrative, PTI said, adding that of the remaining four, it would like to participate in two. The Indian oil company was still waiting for more information from Rosneft on the others, according to the report.
Sechin's visit to Delhi is part of a larger strategy on the part of Russia to increase economic engagement with Russia's allies in the wake of Western sanctions on the country. Given the level of dependence that Europe has on Russian oil and gas, it is unlikely that the sanctions will be extended to the energy industry. The delegation led by Sechin also visited China, Japan, South Korea and Vietnam.


Brendan Gillotti '16 of Danbury, CT, was named to Eastern Connecticut State University's fall 2013 Dean's List. Gillotti's major is Physical Education.
Colleges across the country are recognizing students from Danbury High School for their on-campus success. Click any achievement to discover alumni from Danbury High School, view their personalized Merit pages, and learn about what they are accomplishing.
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text:
Electricity outages irk Mannar residents
[TamilNet, Sunday, 23 October 2005, 11:22 GMT]
Frequent outages of electricity supply in Mannar and its suburbs are hurting residents and economic activity in Mannar, and industrialists are complaining that frequent breakdown and fluctuation in the supply are damaging industrial machinery, Mr.Selvam Adaikalanathan, Wanni district Tamil National Alliance (TNA) parliamentarian said in a memorandum sent to the Minister of Power and Energy, Mr Susil Premajayantha.
In several places in the Mannar district electric posts are found to be in the state of collapse due to poor maintenance and the authorities concerned have failed to take steps to repair or replace them, Mr.Adaikalanathan said in his letter.
Mr.Adaikalanathan has brought to the notice of the Minister that a breakdown in electricity supply to Mannar district is reported almost every few hours causing immense hardship for State and private sector banks to run their service. Farmers who use electric motor pumps are in a dilemma to hire petrol driven water pumps for irrigation.
People of Mannar district are of the view that Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) is showing a lethargic attitude in providing a better service to them, he added.
"I request you to send a team of CEB engineers immediately to Mannar to inspect the whole system of electricity supply to the district and take necessary steps to restore the supply to fulfill the needs of the people without any delay," said Mr.Adaikalanathan in his letter to the Minister.


I get asked a lot how to get fit or get better at climbing. Most of the time my answer is the same; unless you are prepared to start a specific training plan just do more. In May last year I had a little accident where I made quite a mess of my foot. I did write a Daring Deed about it but Kenny said it was life ending and anyone reading it would stop climbing forever, so I'll leave the gory bits out this time. So be prepared people, this is basically about how I am going to get back to fitness.
I have had almost 9 months doing nothing and I mean nothing, I start a new job February and I need to be fit. I started doing some training at the start of December which basically gives me 2 full months to get a reasonable amount of fitness. If you're not interested then stop now, if you want a miracle then you might as well stop now, otherwise please carry on.
I basically fell and rearranged my foot. After 11 days in hospital and 4 months on crutches with no weight baring activity on my ankle I went through a lot of muscle wastage, gained a severe limp and honed my drinking skills! I didn't do a single bit of exercise which I fully regret now. I used to have good core and a six pack, now I have a keg and a limp.
My plan for getting fit included 5 days in a gym and resting at the weekend, no weights just cardio exercise, mainly on the cross trainer, as this is no impact. This is a twenty minute session followed by a ten minute session on the bike, once this is finished I try my hardest not to throw up and clean the sweaty mess up from the floor.
I'm trying to climb at least twice a week; this is no bouldering funny enough, crap sport anyway! Just top roping on a tight rope (non impact again) and this session is around 1 hour including a coffee break.
One session a week is on a campus board, now whoa I hear you say, a campus board! This is very specific training, I am making it very easy, my feet are on resin holds at the bottom and I am going no higher than the third rung in case I fall off (I don't have the best track record). I am doing one minute on, one minute off around eight times on the largest rungs. My hands walk up the rungs until rung 3 then walk back down again, with feet on big holds, this slowly builds up my finger strength and get's me pumped out of my mind. Do it if you want, if it's too hard make it way easier, if anything hurts don't do it, use common sense.
So is this my magical plan to get fit? In short YES! How am I finding it? Life ending! What is my plan now? Well I'm going to do more, I'm going to do more reps of everything until I see improvement and it becomes easy and then I'm going to make it harder.
Extent before intent; do lots more reps before making the exercise harder.
Power, then endurance, then stamina; you can't do a long stamina session then expect to do power moves at your limit so plan with this in mind. Think powerful stuff first, then endurance second and then stamina last.
- Start of the week power ending in stamina with two days rest at the end. Then starting again.
- Fingers, body tension, arms and don't forget those trusty legs!
Power Endurance (high intensity endurance) circuits are good for this.
Stamina (low intensity endurance) Long routes or just going up and down to get the required amount of moves.
From here you can get a good idea of how a training plan works, all you need to do is tailor it to yourself. If you are good at bouldering but pants at routes then get on the ropes. Don't expect to see instant results, it takes time and lots of effort. Top climbers don't just expect it to happen, they train… or at least most of them do, some are just born mutants.
I hope this comes in useful and not too boring and good luck to anyone getting fit for the first time, (you lazy people) or those attempting to get back to fitness. I am now setting up a website to share my knowledge about climbing related injuries with climbers. In my eyes this field is still in it's infancy stage and often doctors, physiotherapists and other practitioners do not necessarily understand what stresses we as climbers are putting onto our bodies.
If you have some time perhaps you could fill in my survey. It shouldn't take too long and the contents of the website will revolve around the results. Hopefully people will find the content useful and aid recovery and rehabilitation.


text:
Coventry Office
Nuneaton Office
Bedworth Office
Book a valuation Book a valuation Property search Menu
Galley Common, Nuneaton, Warks
Warwickshire CV12 8HS
Sales: 02476 257 281
Lettings: 02476 257 281
Property Management: 02476 378 125
coventry@hawkins-online.co.uk
39 Newdegate Street
Warwickshire CV11 4ER
nuneaton@hawkins-online.co.uk
bedworth@hawkins-online.co.uk
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