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Publications – Articles: The Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel for the State Bar of Texas ("OCDC") Attorney Ethics & Professional Responsibility
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Home » Media » Publications – Articles: The Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel for the State Bar of Texas ("OCDC") Attorney Ethics & Professional Responsibility
The Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel for the State Bar of Texas ("OCDC")
Attorney Ethics & Professional Responsibility
"Cotroneo's attorney says Marra's amended grievance will also fail", by Jerry Deal
"Even the Star indicated that there could be a connection between the evaluation action by Boswell and the amended grievance to the state bar. Re-entering the action — Cotroneo's attorney Bob Bennett. In a written message, Bennett said Marra's complaint has added information but the issue remains the same, Cotroneo was not Marra's attorney. Bennett stated that Marra filed her first complaint on Nov, 3, 2011, a "mere" four days prior to the commencement of her trial for violating the reporting requirements. "It appears that it was filed to be used in the trial to attack the city attorney," Bennett said. […]" Click the Title to continue reading [Blog: myleadernews.com].
"A Reminder: Avoiding & Surviving Attorney Ethics Complaints in Texas", by Romana Sirajuddin & Bob Bennett
"In attempting to avoid grievances, consider using the OCDC's Attorney Ethics Helpline to answer any questions about an attorney's ethical obligations to clients, courts, and the public as established by the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct. The Helpline can provide access to rules, verbal ethical opinions, and prior written ethics that will help you make informed decisions about your law practice. Previous written opinions by the Professional Ethics Committee of the Supreme Court (Texas) are also available from the Texas Center for Legal Ethics and Professionalism (www.txethics.org)." Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Harriet Miers: Should the Texas State Bar Investigate?", by Conrad Schulte-Winthrop
"The articles mention statements of the White House insisting that the presidents' role had been minimal and that it was primarily Harriet Miers' idea to fire the U.S. attorneys (NYT, March 14, 2007). Bush himself defended the firings but criticized how they were explained to Congress (MSNBC, March 16, 2007). It is also stated that the dismissals took place after President Bush told Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales in October 2006 that some prosecutors had not energetically pursued voter-fraud investigations, according to a White House spokeswoman (Washington post, March 13, 2007; NYT, March 14, 2007). However, White House officials repeated that Mr. Bush had not called for the removal of any particular U.S. attorney and said there was no evidence that the president had been aware that the Justice Department had initiated a process to generate a list of which prosecutors should lose their jobs (NYT, March 14, 2007) " Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"The Texas Attorney Grievance Procedure: Lawyering for a Lawyer with a "Disability", by Joe Guerrero and Bob Bennett
"When a grievance is filed against a Texas lawyer, it is carefully reviewed by the State Bar of Texas' Office of Chief Disciplinary Counsel (OCDC) and, within thirty days, a determination will be made as to whether it contains allegations of professional misconduct. When a grievance fails to allege misconduct, it is classified as an "Inquiry" and is dismissed.i A grievance that successfully alleges professional misconduct is classified as a "Complaint," and the respondent-attorney is given written notice of the alleged acts and/or omissions in the Complaint and any potential violations of the disciplinary rules.ii Upon receipt of such notice, the respondent-attorney must inform the OCDC whether he elects to have the Complaint heard in a district court of proper venue, with or without a jury, or by an Evidentiary Panel of the OCDC.iii The election must be in writing and served upon the OCDC no later than twenty days after receipt of notice. Failure to timely file an election will render the respondent-attorney subject to the Evidentiary Panel, by default." Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Sharing Fees the New-Fashioned Way: How to Get Paid & Avoid Violating Rule 1.04 of the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct When Sharing Fees", by John Donaleski
"Fee sharing did not always require client consent. And when one attorney forwarded a client to another attorney, there was often no expectation of further involvement. The referring attorney in certain significant personal injury cases could expect a payment for the referral. Millions of dollars changed hands this way. The practice was very common with certain attorneys who had enormous television advertising budgets and handled cases in a wholesale manner" Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"NIFONG Texas Style", by Bob Bennett
"As Kathleen Parker, columnist for The Washington Post Writers Group has pointedly suggested, we now can add a "new verb to our American lexicon – adding 'to Nifong' to those moments which "call for activities that do not require elaboration, such as "Bobbitt," "Bork," and "Lewinsky." We can "now 'Nifong' someone when we want to trump up criminal charges based on flimsy evidence allegedly for political purposes." How does this assessment of Nifong's actions hold up under analysis of the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct (TDRPC)? Quite well in fact!" Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Mediating with the OCDC — Is It Worthwhile or a Waste of Time?", by Bob Bennett
"Mediation is public policy in the State of Texas. The purpose of mediation is to provide a forum in which an impartial person, the mediator, facilitates communication between the parties to promote peaceable resolution of disputes and the early settlement of pending litigation through voluntary settlement procedures.[1] Furthermore, ―[i]t is the responsibility of courts to carry out the statutory policy.‖[2] One would expect that the office in charge of attorney discipline, the Office of the Chief Disciplinary Counsel (―OCDC‖), would be interested in setting an example by using mediation whenever possible, especially in light of the ―expenses‖ and State Bar attorneys' fees that are ultimately incurred and sometimes recovered in varying degrees from a Respondent in cases where misconduct is found. Surprisingly there is one lone voice in the legal world that opposes mediation, the OCDC regarding disciplinary matters, as set forth below." Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Law Firm Compliance Programs, Sentencing Guidelines & the Attorney-Grievance System — How Are They Related?", by Bob Bennett and Lillian B. Hardwick
"This article summarizes the points of the compliance and ethics program detailed in the 2004 Sentencing Guidelines, the tenor of the ABA Model Rules calling for such a program, the similarities between the 2004 Sentencing Guidelines and the sanctions factors in the Texas procedural rules, and the general nature of the compliance program recently submitted in negotiation with the Chief Disciplinary Counsel. Prior to a discussion of these topics, however, appears a brief explanation of the relevance of the attorney disciplinary system for all practicing Texas lawyers." Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Just What Is Barratry, Anyway? A Quiz for the Unwary", by Ruth A Kollman and Bob Bennett
"Ruth A. Kollman is a shareholder in the Kollman Firm of Dallas. She is an ethics lawyer who has written articles on topics related to legal ethics and grievance defense. Robert S. Bennett is a name partner in Houston's Bennett Cochran. He defends lawyers in State Bar of Texas grievance and disciplinary proceedings and in criminal prosecutions. He is a former assistant U.S. attorney who is board certified in consumer law." Click the Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Why Should Barratry be a Crime", by Bob Bennett
"The term barratry originates from the Anglo-Norman French word "baraterie," meaning "deception." It first surfaced in late thirteenth century English society as a term attached to the clogging of court dockets with frivolous lawsuits. By the fourteenth century, local English courts began to prosecute those believed to be guilty of committing barratry. Barrators were generally viewed as trouble makers and by the late sixteenth century, barratry became a blanket term used to denote both vexatious litigation and verbal offenses.4 The twentieth century witnessed a shift in the way society viewed barratry. With the passage of section 13(1) (a) of the Criminal Law Act of 1967, it was labeled an obsolete crime and ultimately abolished in England and Wales.5 In Australia, the term was used to refer to litigants who brought up frivolous suits; however it has long since fallen into disuse." Click the Title to continue reading [PDF].
"A Debate Over How Lawyers Have to Operate", by Bob Bennett, et al. (reprinted from Texas Lawyer, July 24, 2000)
"Editor's note: No attorney wants to be grieved or sued for malpractice. So what can be done to avoid such claims? Texas Lawyer brought together six legal malpractice/grievance attorneys on June 30 to discuss these issues and offer some advice. The following discussion has been edited for length and style." Click the Title to continue reading debate [PDF].
"The "Grief-ance" System & What You Should Know", by Bob Bennett
"The basic flaw in the present "grief-ance" system is that once an attorney is summoned to an investigatory hearing, there is a built-in presumption that whatever the attorney did was wrong and whatever the complainant (usually the former client) says is true. In the most clear-cut of situations, an attorney probably does not need his own counsel, but a quick reading of the rules and the knowledge that a "hanging" mentality may permeate the hearing, should quickly jolt one to consider how much their law license is worth. A single violation is sufficient to bar you from ever practicing law again. With the State Bar now participating in "sting" operations, a thorough knowledge of the ethical rules for your daily practice is essential. A working knowledge of how a complaint will be handled will save a lot of "grief' that one may have to endure because of greed, ignorance, or inattention. You can emerge a winner from the process but why run the race if you don't have to." Click the Title to continue reading [PDF].
"Is the Fox Guarding the Chicken Coop?", by Bob Bennett, Elaine M. Adams and Thomas W. Houghton (reprinted from Texas Lawyer, July 29 1996)
"An attorney disciplinary proceeding is, perhaps, one of the most traumatic, exhausting and financially draining experiences a lawyer can face. As members of a self-policing profession, we accept the burdens placed on us by disciplinary proceedings as an evil necessary to protect both the integrity of our profession and individuals who deal with attorneys. Protection of the integrity of our profession, however, should not come at the expense of attorneys facing disciplinary proceedings" Click the Article's Title to continue reading [PDF].
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Why Grameen
Steve Hollingworth
Lauren Hendricks
Jeanne Schwartz
Peter Cowhey
Beverly Armstrong
Carlos Fonseca
Daniel B. Wolfson
Ed Michael Reggie
Ellen Breyer
Grover Thomas
Juan Vallarino
Leslie Hyman, Co-Founder and CEO of EppoPay
Marianne Udow-Phillips
Vikram Gandhi
William G. Hamm
Emeritus Board Members
Edwin T. Baldridge
Peter Bladin
Lawrence Youngblood
Paul Maritz
Susan Cleary Garratt
Weldon Wasson
Grameen Family of Organizations
Strengthen Market Engagement
Connect Farmers to Finance
Develop Skills and Expertise
Digital products and services
Agent Networks Serving the Poor
Innovating in Health Finance
Promoting Health
Training Health Workers
Facilitating Clinical Trials
Strengthening Organizations
e-Learning and Field Training
Her Breakthrough
Impact: Rajasthan Nutrition Project
GF Insights Blog
Grameen Foundation Appoints Regional CEO for the Americas
Grameen Foundation Joins Better Than Cash Alliance; Pledges to Address Poverty by Shifting to Electronic Payments
Grameen Foundation Joins NetHope
Grameen Foundation Named 2013 Computerworld Honors Laureate for Health Innovation
Grameen Foundation, Qualcomm, and Bakrie Telecom Announce Application Laboratory in Indonesia
Financial Services Glossary
World Hunger and Poverty Facts
Grameen Foundation Legacy Society
May 6, 2013 - Grameen Foundation has been selected as a 2013 IDG Computerworld Honors Program Laureate for its innovations in mobile health (mHealth). The annual award program honors visionary applications of information technology promoting positive social, economic and educational change. Grameen Foundation was nominated for its work using mobile phones to collect and disseminate health information in poor and underserved communities.
"Technology continues to play a pivotal role in transforming how business and society functions. For the past 25 years the Computerworld Honors Program has had the privilege of celebrating innovative IT achievements," said John Amato, vice president & publisher, Computerworld. "Computerworld is honored to recognize the outstanding accomplishments of the 2013 class of Laureates and to share their work. These projects demonstrate how IT can advance organizations' ability to compete, innovate, communicate and prosper."
"We are honored to be named a Computerworld Honors Laureate," said Alex Counts, president and CEO of Grameen Foundation. "For more than a decade we've been using mobile phones to help the poor start and build businesses and to access information that leads to poverty reduction outcomes. This recognition supports our belief that the information revolution can be put to work for improving the lives of the world's poor, principally by enabling them, and the organizations that serve them, to make better decisions. Perhaps in no area is this no more true than in promoting improved health."
Since 2001, Grameen Foundation has been at the forefront of efforts to expand access to mobile phones in poor communities. Today, it focuses on providing the poor, mostly women, with access to relevant and actionable information. Its Mobile Technology for Health (MOTECH) initiative is helping to improve maternal and infant care in Ghana by providing valuable information to pregnant women and new mothers and enabling healthcare staff to collect and track patient information more effectively. In addition, other organizations are using the MOTECH Suite platform to provide services to underserved populations in countries such as India, Zambia and Uganda. The MOTECH Suite provides organizations like World Vision a set of field-tested services from established technology leaders to facilitate effective and efficient mHealth projects.
The Computerworld Honors Program awards will be presented at the Gala Evening and Awards Ceremony on June 3, 2013, at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium in Washington, D.C.
About Grameen Foundation
Grameen Foundation, a global nonprofit organization, helps the world's poorest people – especially women – lift themselves out of poverty by providing appropriate financial services, life-changing information and unique business opportunities. Founded in 1997, Grameen Foundation has offices in Washington, DC; Seattle, WA; Colombia; Ghana; Hong Kong; Indonesia; Kenya; the Philippines; and Uganda. Microfinance pioneer Dr. Muhammad Yunus, founder of Grameen Bank and winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, is a founding member of its Board of Directors, and now serves as director emeritus. For more information, please visit grameenfoundation.org or follow us on Twitter @GrameenFdn.
About The Computerworld Honors Program
Founded by International Data Group (IDG) in 1988, The Computerworld Honors Program is governed by the not-for-profit Computerworld Information Technology Awards Foundation. Computerworld Honors is the longest running global program to honor individuals and organizations that use information technology to promote positive social, economic and educational change. Additional information about the program and a Global Archive of past Laureate case studies, as well as oral histories of Leadership Award recipients can be found at the Computerworld Honors website.
About Computerworld
Computerworld is the leading source of technology news and information for IT influencers, providing peer perspective, IT leadership and business results. Computerworld's award-winning website (//www.computerworld.com/), bi-weekly publication, focused conference series, custom solutions and custom research forms the hub of the world's largest (40+ edition) global IT media network and provides opportunities for IT solutions providers to engage this audience. Computerworld leads the industry with an online audience of over 3.5 million unique, monthly visitors (Omniture, August 2012) and was recognized as the Best Website by ASBPE and TABPI in 2012. Computerworld is published by IDG Enterprise, a subsidiary of International Data Group (IDG), the world's leading media, events and research company. Company information is available at //www.idgenterprise.com/.
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If you are looking for a beautiful example of a more traditional gown, then this dress from Sincerity Bridal might be what you are looking for. This is a stunning charmeuse design with a chapel length train - perfect for making an entrance. This is a great dress for the bride who wants to flatter her figure and define her waist. The pretty wrap detail incorporated into the design of the bodice creates a gorgeous V shaped neckline and also helps to narrow the midriff. I also love the use of the classic style buttons that trickle down the back. If this dress needs a little more sparkle for your taste you could always add a pretty embellished sash.
To see mor of the great downs at Sincerity bridal, check out their site.


Our Boston kit is a male basketball uniform made of tank top and shorts, with a slim fit, ideal for tackling sports competitions with style and comfort. The garments are made of 100% perforated polyester, an innovative lightweight fabric, which does not stick to the body, highly breathable thanks to the mesh inserts that, strategically placed at the sides of the shirt, help keep the skin dry and fresh even after intense hours of play.
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yummex Middle East is strictly for Trade and Business Professionals related to the industry only.
General public and persons under the age of 21 will not be permitted entry.
By registering online trade visitors can qualify for a free entry, provided they meet the requirements of the above mentioned admission policy.
The organizers of yummex Middle East strive to ensure that only qualified Trade and Business Professionals attend the exhibition to deliver a productive business environment for both visitors and exhibitors. We reserve the right to request further proof of eligibility prior to badge issue, and also to refuse entry if necessary.
Badges are non transferable and visitors found to be facilitating this will be not eligible for entry into yummex Middle East.
Dubai Municipality's food safety and licensing restrictions strictly prohibit the removal of unlicensed and perishable items (including food and drink samples) from the Exhibition Halls. Any samples being taken out by Visitors will be confiscated. Thank you in advance for your co-operation.


This entry was posted in Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Dessert 甜品, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Healthy Eat 健康煮意, Soup Recipes 湯水食譜, 港式食譜 Hong Kong Style Recipes and tagged 中式糖水,食譜,蘋果雪梨糖水 on June 10, 2016 by Mommy.
This entry was posted in Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Healthy Eat 健康煮意, Le Creuset Recipes LC食譜 and tagged 冰糖馬蹄糕,食譜,中文食譜,中式糕點 on June 10, 2016 by Mommy.
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This entry was posted in Breakfast choice 早餐之選, Cast Iron Recipe 鑄鐵廚具食譜, Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Healthy Eat 健康煮意, Le Creuset Recipes LC食譜 and tagged 拌切法, 熱香餅, 鬆軟熱香餅食譜 on March 13, 2014 by Mommy.
This entry was posted in Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Cuisinart蒸焗爐食譜, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Healthy Eat 健康煮意, Le Creuset Recipes LC食譜, 港式食譜 Hong Kong Style Recipes and tagged Cuisinart蒸焗爐食譜, 中文食譜, 小煮意, 港式食譜, 瑤柱蒸水蛋食譜 on February 17, 2014 by Mommy.
This entry was posted in Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Dessert 甜品, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Healthy Eat 健康煮意, Le Creuset Recipes LC食譜, Snacks Recipes 小食食譜, 港式食譜 Hong Kong Style Recipes and tagged le creuset食譜, 中文食譜, 健康煮意, 冰糖紅豆食譜, 小煮意, 小食食譜, 港式食譜, 甜品, 簡易煮意 on January 29, 2014 by Mommy.
This entry was posted in Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Snacks Recipes 小食食譜, 港式食譜 Hong Kong Style Recipes and tagged 中文食譜, 小煮意, 小食食譜, 港式雞蛋仔食譜, 港式食譜, 簡易煮意 on January 23, 2014 by Mommy.
This entry was posted in Breakfast choice 早餐之選, Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Cuisinart蒸焗爐食譜, 港式食譜 Hong Kong Style Recipes on January 19, 2014 by Mommy.
This entry was posted in Breakfast choice 早餐之選, Chinese Recipes 中文食譜, Cooking 小煮意, Cuisinart蒸焗爐食譜, Easy Cooking 簡易煮意, Healthy Eat 健康煮意, 港式食譜 Hong Kong Style Recipes and tagged Cuisinart蒸焗爐食譜, 中文食譜, 健康煮意, 小煮意, 早餐之選, 港式食譜, 牛奶小饅頭食譜, 簡易煮意 on January 17, 2014 by Mommy.


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Social determinants of health and health equity policy research: Exploring the use, misuse, and nonuse of policy analysis theory Academic Article
Despite a dramatic growth in SDH/HE (social determinants of health/health equity) public policy research and demonstrated government interest in promoting equity in health policies, health inequities are actually growing among some populations and there is little evidence that "healthy public policies" are being adopted and implemented. Moreover, these issues are typically failing to even reach governments' policy agendas, which is a critical step towards serious debate and the identification of policy options. This systematic review pursues three main objectives. First, is to identify barriers to SDH/HE issues reaching the government policy agenda. Second, to evaluate the characteristics of peer-reviewed research articles that utilize common policy analysis theories. And third, to determine the extent to which the SDH/HE literature utilizes common policy analysis theories. Our systematic review, conducted in June 2012, identified 6200 SDH/HE related articles in the peer-reviewed literature; however, only seven articles explicitly used a commonly recognized policy analysis theory to inform their analysis. Our analysis revealed that the SDH/HE policy literature appears to be focused on advocacy rather than analysis and that the use of policy analysis theory is extremely limited. Our results also suggest that when such theories are incorporated into an analysis they are often not comprehensively employed. We propose explanations for this non-use and misuse of policy analysis theory, and conclude that researchers may have greater influence in helping to get SDH/HE issues onto government policy agendas if they gain a greater understanding of the policy process and the value of incorporating policy analysis theories into their research. Using a policy analysis lens to help identify why healthy public policies are typically not being adopted is an important step towards moving beyond advocacy to understanding and addressing some of the political barriers to reforms.
Embrett, Mark G
Randall, Glen
1117 Public Health and Health Services (FoR)
1601 Anthropology (FoR)
1608 Sociology (FoR)
Health Policy (MeSH)
Health Status Disparities (MeSH)
Policy Making (MeSH)
Social Determinants of Health (MeSH)
Social Justice (MeSH)
Social Theory (MeSH)
Social Science and Medicine Journal
Agenda setting
Health Status Disparities
Health policy analysis
Healthy public policies
Policy Making
10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.004


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New Mexico 2021 Ute Creek Cattle Company Bueyeros, NM Leopold Conservation Award Recipient
Ute Creek Cattle Company
Inspired by seven generations of family on the land and Aldo Leopold's land ethic, Tuda Libby Crews approached land restoration by collaborating with others.
Tuda and her husband Jack realized restoration of Ute Creek Cattle Company required open minds, innovation, and financial/technical resources. Implementing conservation practices has transformed their shortgrass prairie ecosystem.
Partnering with the Natural Resources Conservation Service in 2002, an Environmental Quality Incentives Program contract helped the Crews establish an adaptive grazing system to create 23 pastures from the original four. A water distribution system was established with pipelines and storage tanks to provide water for livestock and wildlife.
Time-managed adaptive grazing of their Angus cow herd remains critical to all of the Crews' soil health and wildlife habitat goals. This system maximizes forage production, soil disturbance and natural fertilization, while increasing wildlife habitat on the once ecologically-degraded landscape. Grazing riparian areas in the dormant season protects bird species in that prime habitat during breeding and nesting seasons.
Tuda and Jack stabilized creek banks with erosion-control materials. They cut and piled three miles of dead salt cedar trees to create habitat for quail. Grazing goats also helped control salt cedars and other invasive species. Within 10 years of partnering with NRCS, New Mexico Water Trust Board, and Ute Creek Soil & Water Conservation Service, Ute Creek was a perennial water source and regional model of riparian restoration.
Diverse wildlife and bird species have increased and so has the quality of the cow herd; the sale of high-quality calves provides the ranch with operating revenue. To diversify income, the ranch has a hunting-lease enterprise to manage its elk, pronghorn, and white tail and mule deer populations. The Crews plan to re-introduce prescribed burning to improve grass palatability, stimulate forage production, and increase species biodiversity.
Nationwide, habitat loss from development, the climate crisis, and shortage of healthy forage under the vast migratory flyway has imperiled shortgrass prairie birds. With the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Tuda established a 23-acre wild bird sanctuary providing water, a small grape vineyard, breeding and nesting areas, bird houses, and a few shade trees. As nature's indicators of land health, bird species numbers are used as the yardstick to measure progress. The number of identified bird species has increased from 17 in 2004 to over 100 in 2018.
As a national advocate for preserving prairie ecosystems, Tuda's land ethic is felt beyond the ranch's fences. She helped form Partnerscapes, a national landowner-led conservation organization, which encourages landowner-leaders to become part of the solution by implementing conservation practices on private lands.
Tuda and Jack aim to leave the land healthier than they found it, and that mantra includes succession planning for future generations. Their adult children: Libby (Peter) Wood and Ted (Sadie Jo) are involved in ranch management decisions. Grandchildren Bella Wood, Bennet and Seth Crews, and Isa and Sadie Smokey are committed to upholding water and land conservation, animal welfare and wildlife habitat while providing all-natural, quality food for beef consumers. The Crews' lead-by-example approach earned them a regional Environmental Stewardship Award from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association in 2019.
Two years later their hard work, ability to work synergistically while holding themselves to a high standard of land stewardship is being honored with New Mexico's first Leopold Conservation Award.
Header photo by Christi Bode
New mexico Partners
New mexico Sponsors
John Duncan and Anita Sarafa
Farm Credit of New Mexico


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Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters
J.P.M. Vreede, de, S.C. Mehrotra, A.L. Tal, H.A. Dijkerman
Onderzoeksoutput: Bijdrage aan tijdschrift › Tijdschriftartikel › Academic › peer review
12 Citaten (Scopus)
The theory for frequency modulation given by Karplus has been extended to include Doppler broadening and arbitrarily large modulation depths. It is shown that the detection limit for second harmonic detection is of the same order as for first harmonic detection: the modulation depth must be approximately the full linewidth of the line profile. Procedures are discussed for extracting from experimental data the linewidth and center frequency of an absorption line with a Voigt profile. At zero detuning information about collisional line broadening can be obtained from the dependence of the second harmonic signal upon the modulation depth. Some experimental examples in the microwave region are presented as a test of the theory. Measurements on the rotational transition J = 2 ¿ 3 (v2 = 1) of OCS yield collisional self-shift and self-broadening parameters of -0.14 (±0.01) and 5.97 (±0.01) MHz/Torr, respectively; these values are in accordance with literature but are more accurate. For the line center at zero pressure a much more accurate value of 36 571 422.0 ± 0.7 kHz has been found, which is in agreement with recent theoretical calculations.
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Duik in de onderzoeksthema's van 'Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters'. Samen vormen ze een unieke vingerafdruk.
Frequency modulation Engineering en materiaalwetenschappen 100%
line shape Fysica en Astronomie 82%
frequency modulation Fysica en Astronomie 82%
Linewidth Engineering en materiaalwetenschappen 71%
Modulation Engineering en materiaalwetenschappen 65%
Rotational Transition Chemische stoffen 59%
harmonics Fysica en Astronomie 58%
modulation Fysica en Astronomie 56%
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Vreede, de, J. P. M., Mehrotra, S. C., Tal, A. L., & Dijkerman, H. A. (1982). Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters. Applied Spectroscopy, 36(3), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702824638511
Vreede, de, J.P.M. ; Mehrotra, S.C. ; Tal, A.L. ; Dijkerman, H.A. / Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters. In: Applied Spectroscopy. 1982 ; Vol. 36, Nr. 3. blz. 227-235.
@article{07674a596c22473f8b6964ee4cbba738,
title = "Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters",
abstract = "The theory for frequency modulation given by Karplus has been extended to include Doppler broadening and arbitrarily large modulation depths. It is shown that the detection limit for second harmonic detection is of the same order as for first harmonic detection: the modulation depth must be approximately the full linewidth of the line profile. Procedures are discussed for extracting from experimental data the linewidth and center frequency of an absorption line with a Voigt profile. At zero detuning information about collisional line broadening can be obtained from the dependence of the second harmonic signal upon the modulation depth. Some experimental examples in the microwave region are presented as a test of the theory. Measurements on the rotational transition J = 2 ¿ 3 (v2 = 1) of OCS yield collisional self-shift and self-broadening parameters of -0.14 (±0.01) and 5.97 (±0.01) MHz/Torr, respectively; these values are in accordance with literature but are more accurate. For the line center at zero pressure a much more accurate value of 36 571 422.0 ± 0.7 kHz has been found, which is in agreement with recent theoretical calculations.",
author = "{Vreede, de}, J.P.M. and S.C. Mehrotra and A.L. Tal and H.A. Dijkerman",
journal = "Applied Spectroscopy",
publisher = "Society for Applied Spectroscopy",
Vreede, de, JPM, Mehrotra, SC, Tal, AL & Dijkerman, HA 1982, 'Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters', Applied Spectroscopy, vol. 36, nr. 3, blz. 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702824638511
Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters. / Vreede, de, J.P.M.; Mehrotra, S.C.; Tal, A.L.; Dijkerman, H.A.
In: Applied Spectroscopy, Vol. 36, Nr. 3, 1982, blz. 227-235.
T1 - Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters
AU - Vreede, de, J.P.M.
AU - Mehrotra, S.C.
AU - Tal, A.L.
AU - Dijkerman, H.A.
N2 - The theory for frequency modulation given by Karplus has been extended to include Doppler broadening and arbitrarily large modulation depths. It is shown that the detection limit for second harmonic detection is of the same order as for first harmonic detection: the modulation depth must be approximately the full linewidth of the line profile. Procedures are discussed for extracting from experimental data the linewidth and center frequency of an absorption line with a Voigt profile. At zero detuning information about collisional line broadening can be obtained from the dependence of the second harmonic signal upon the modulation depth. Some experimental examples in the microwave region are presented as a test of the theory. Measurements on the rotational transition J = 2 ¿ 3 (v2 = 1) of OCS yield collisional self-shift and self-broadening parameters of -0.14 (±0.01) and 5.97 (±0.01) MHz/Torr, respectively; these values are in accordance with literature but are more accurate. For the line center at zero pressure a much more accurate value of 36 571 422.0 ± 0.7 kHz has been found, which is in agreement with recent theoretical calculations.
AB - The theory for frequency modulation given by Karplus has been extended to include Doppler broadening and arbitrarily large modulation depths. It is shown that the detection limit for second harmonic detection is of the same order as for first harmonic detection: the modulation depth must be approximately the full linewidth of the line profile. Procedures are discussed for extracting from experimental data the linewidth and center frequency of an absorption line with a Voigt profile. At zero detuning information about collisional line broadening can be obtained from the dependence of the second harmonic signal upon the modulation depth. Some experimental examples in the microwave region are presented as a test of the theory. Measurements on the rotational transition J = 2 ¿ 3 (v2 = 1) of OCS yield collisional self-shift and self-broadening parameters of -0.14 (±0.01) and 5.97 (±0.01) MHz/Torr, respectively; these values are in accordance with literature but are more accurate. For the line center at zero pressure a much more accurate value of 36 571 422.0 ± 0.7 kHz has been found, which is in agreement with recent theoretical calculations.
JO - Applied Spectroscopy
JF - Applied Spectroscopy
Vreede, de JPM, Mehrotra SC, Tal AL, Dijkerman HA. Frequency modulation detection and Its application to absorption line shape parameters. Applied Spectroscopy. 1982;36(3):227-235. https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702824638511


10-year-old Nico Perry may be non-verbal, but his happy little dance-along with his favorite pop star says it all.
Nico has Down syndrome as well as being functionally non-verbal – so when Lady Gaga started her performance of "Born This Way" at the Super Bowl half-time show, Nico couldn't agree more.
His father David, who shared the video of his shimmying son on Twitter, couldn't help but be moved by his son's enthusiasm.
The magical anthem of individuality doesn't specifically mention disabilities, but Nico relates to the proud message anyway by unabashedly being his funky little self.


text:
Mrs. Russell Sage Digital Collection Home
Home Mrs. Russell Sage. America 1910?: E. Lilian Todd in Her Biplane
1910?: E. Lilian Todd in Her Biplane
Title 1910 ?: E. Lilian Todd in Her Biplane
Date Created 1910?
Commentary "E. Lilian Todd" typed and added her signature to hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Olivia Sage's letters between 1911 and 1918, but until recently her identity was unknown. We now know that Todd was probably the first woman to design a heavier-than-air plane, the first to apply for a pilot's license, and the founder of the Junior Aero Club (1908). It is not clear whether she also built the plane shown here. A self-taught engineer and inventor from a modest Washington, D.C., background, Lilian found a sponsor in Olivia Sage who admired women's achievements and frequently declared herself in favor of women's new roles in education, the workplace, and the professions. Sage supported New York University's Woman's Law Class in the 1890s, and it is probably there that she met Lilian who took some law classes -- perhaps to strengthen her knowledge of patent and business law. In 1908, Olivia gave Lilian $7,000 to develop and build a full-size plane (she had previously built only models). The plane was built by C. & A. Witteman Company of Staten Island, New York, and Lilian may have worked on its design and construction there. Then in May 1910, she leased space in the Aeronautic Society's "shed" at Mineola. In November 1910, pilot Didier Masson took the plane up, and Olivia Sage was there to see the flight. Although this image shows Todd at the controls, she never flew the plane herself. Only one year later, Todd's aviation career was over, and she had become secretary to Mrs. Sage. [Commentary written by Dr. Ruth Crocker]
Item Description This image is a photo showing E. Lilian Todd sitting at the controls of her biplane. The plane is on the ground, in front of a large white building. [Item Description created by Auburn University Libraries]
File Name 196.tif
Repository Library of Congress
Rights This image is not the property of the Auburn University Libraries. Anyone wishing to use this image must contact the repository listed above for permission.
Mini-Collections E. Lilian Todd


EthosCE 7.4.1 Assessments, enrollments, SCORM and more!
Today we are excited to announce the release of EthosCE 7.4.1, the first update to the completely rebuilt version of EthosCE introduced in July 2014. We will continue to add improvements and new features in the months to come!
For 7.4.1, we have reworked the layout and features of the quiz module. Below are some of the improvements.
A self-assessment report is available for end-users. Learners can see how they did compared to their peers for the entire assessment and on each individual question category!
A per-response peer comparison is available so users can see how they did compared to their peers on each question and response.
Feedback settings are more granular and feedback formatting has been restructured for improved readability.
Learners can be allowed to navigate randomly through the quiz, but can be prevented from changing questions that have already been entered.
An "answer sheet" is available to allow learners to navigate through very large quizzes.
Administrators can allow learners to retake a quiz and build on the last attempt by pre-filling the quiz with the attempts from the previous attempt or start a fresh attempt.
For example, a manager or office administrator can purchase or enroll a group of employees or staff into courses without being a course administrator. An enrollment group manager is much like an instructor. The enrollment group manager can edit enrollments and completions, including recording attendance and setting a pass/fail status. The enrollment group manager will also be able to see reports on their enrollees in the very near future.
Enrollment questions allow an administrator to add arbitrary questions to the course (unassociated with quizzes, evaluations or payments) that can be answered by the learner at the time of enrollment. These can be downloaded in a CSV file or used for custom reports. Each set of responses is associated with that user's enrollments.
Course objects "allow skipping." Learners can be allowed to move through course objects in random order while still being required to complete all required objects before completing a course.
EthosCE 7.4.1 supports SCORM 1.2, SCORM 2004 and Tin Can packages. We have implemented the best-in-class, ADL-certified SCORM and Tin Can engine from scorm.com. It is the same SCORM technology used by some of the world's biggest learning management systems and it should provide you and your learners a smooth, easy-to-use experience.
For documentation on creating and reporting on SCORM packages, see our user documentation.
Masquerade allows a site administrator to log in as any other user and view the site as that user. This can be helpful for site administrators to claim credit for users or for troubleshooting reported issues.
Various other improvements and fixes can be seen on our changelog.
We're very excited about the improvements of EthosCE 7.4.1 and will be releasing it to existing customers on a rolling basis.
How to Select an AMS that Uses Single-Sign-On Technology Standards Celebrating Our 15 Years in Business!


The Manchester office of Chartered Surveyors Eddisons has been appointed to handle the sale of a high yielding, majority let, commercial investment opportunity in Ashton-under-Lyne.
1 Henry Square is a high specification three storey office building extending to approximately 49,000 sq ft. It is located in the St. Petersfield regeneration area of Ashton town centre, 6 miles west of Manchester and close to junction 23 of the M60.
93% of space is currently let to three tenants, including anchor tenant Pennine Care NHS Trust who occupy 36,122 sq ft, producing a gross annual income of £573,072. Heads of terms have also been agreed for the Trust to take an additional 3,337 sq ft, raising occupancy levels to 100%.
Gross annual rental income when the building is fully occupied will be approximately £600,000, with a further increase to over £625,000 due in March 2015.
Eddisons is inviting offers in the region of £6,350,000, a net initial yield of 8.5%.
James Cole of Eddisons said: 'This is a major investment opportunity producing significant income from established occupiers, which rarely come to market.
'It forms part of the first phase of the St. Petersfield regeneration scheme. The wider development will ultimately consist of 400,000 sq ft of offices, shops restaurants and apartments, creating a diverse and thriving extension to Ashton.
Other neighbouring occupiers include Tameside Magistrates Court, Tameside College and Tameside and Glossop Primary Care Trust.


text:
Q: Setting ViewData item in a Partial to be read in a View I have a View which I call RenderPartial.
In the Partial usercontrol I set ViewData["IsTextAreaVisible"] = true;
In my View after the call to RenderPartial I check the value of ViewData["IsTextAreaVisible"].
Even though the usercontrol had set it, the View thinks that it is null.
Is this a bug or is there a better approach?
Thanks

A: That is working as designed.
Each partial view gets it own copy of the view data so that any changes it makes don't taint the original. What you want to do, we've expressly prohibited.

A: I think that the RenderPartial method actually makes a new dictionary out of the object you pass it as ViewData.  Since the dictionary is different, the original won't contain any new values you've added to it.
It seems to me though, that if you can calculate the value you are setting in the partial, you ought to also be able to calculate it in the parent view.  You might want to think about reversing the calculation and perform it in the parent view and add it before calling the partial.  You could always check if it is available in the partial and, if not set, recalculate as needed.

A: Exchange of data between components of a view looks to me like a design fault. View (full or partial) are there just to passively and stupidly display the model state. All checks, calls and set up of values should be done in models/controllers. I would advice you to rethink you architecture. Even if it seems to you nice and suitable right now, there is a likelihood sooner or later you will have to redesign this piece of code.

A: Expanding on what Brad said, do it client side with JavaScript.  Using JQuery you can find out if there are any visible textboxes on the page and init the client as so.
$(document).ready(function() {
  if ($("input[@type=text]:visible").length > 0) {
    // inject JS file and init tinyMCE.
    $.getScript('<%= ResolveUrl("~/Scripts/tinymce/tiny_mce.js")' %>, function() {
      // TODO: call tinyMCE's init function here
    });
  }
});

That will initialize it only if there are inputs that are visible.
See http://docs.jquery.com/Ajax/jQuery.getScript for restrictions on getScript
Edit: Edited to expand it based on Jon's comment.  Note that I haven't run this revised edit in a browser so there may be a hiccup or two.  Also, this should really be re-tagged with jQuery if you accept this solution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Roxbury Tire Center provides Serpentine Belt Replacement services to Westmont, PA, Richland, PA, Johnstown, PA, and other surrounding areas.
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text:
Frank Lloyd Wright's Pope-Leighey House
History, History Column
©2017 Sarah Becker
by Sarah Becker
Architect Frank Lloyd Wright's Usonian master work, the Pope-Leighey House is situated in a wooded hollow, an accepted part of historic Woodlawn's 19th century landscape. Built for journalist Loren B. Pope, in 1940, the 1200 square feet house was moved to Woodlawn in 1964-1965 for preservation purposes. The Pope-Leighey House was originally built on a 1½ acre lot in East Falls Church, Virginia.
Wright, born 150 years ago, on June 8, 1867, in Richland, Wisconsin, is widely remembered. The American Institute of Architects describes him as "the greatest American architect of his time." In 1914 The Washington Post "credited [Wright] with being among the first in this country to design a bungalow."
Wright, who survived the Great Depression and two World Wars, found Americans want for moderately priced houses fascinating. His goal: "to reduce the actual cost of residential building and at the same time give the family whose income is perhaps $2,000 a year a modern comfortable home." Like many of today's millenials Pope, a $50 per week copy editor with The Washington Evening Star, could not afford a costly northern Virginia dwelling.
Undeterred Pope wrote architect Frank Lloyd Wright an appealing six page request. Wright responded favorably recommending a "classic of the Usonian type of architecture;" a functional, inexpensive, 1800 square feet, one story house. Pope approved the plans in October 1939.
Pope's contractor, cabinet-maker Howard Rickert, proclaimed Wright's scaled down two bedroom one bath, L-shaped design "the most logical house he had ever seen." The cost: $7,000.
In 1939 Frank Lloyd Wright was considered a great, if not over-the-hill architect. At age 72, his critics thought him well past his prime. "Wright's surge of creativity after two decades of frustration was one of the most dramatic resuscitations in American art history," biographer Robert Twombly wrote.
Architect Wright's Usonian homes were the smallest of his structures. Among the Pope-Leighey House's innovative features: a central brick or stone chimney with fireplace core; radiant heating [hot water pipes installed in gravel beneath the concrete floor]; prefabricated walls [a cheap and efficient building technique]; an open floor plan; a carport [a new design] and a cantilevered, hard gravel roof.
"The Pope-Leighey House is an outstanding example of Frank Lloyd Wright's organic [inside to out] architecture," Craig Tuminaro said. A garden "hemi-cycle" surrounds the house.
"A house, we like to believe, can be a noble consort to man and the trees," Frank Lloyd Wright wrote in his book The Natural House. "The house should have repose and such texture as will quiet the whole and make it graciously one with external nature."
"Wright's style is one of verticals and horizontals, compression and expansion," Tuminaro continued. "He thought people were too noble to live in hot boxes."
To cool the house in the summer Wright relied on natural air currents. Rectangular clerestory windows are hinged such warm air can escape while drawing cooler air in underneath. Clerestory, plate-glass and large-patterned windows were used to facilitate both natural light and airflow.
The living room and library are the largest and highest spaces in the house. Banks of single-pane glass doors give both the living and dining rooms a spacious look. The reverse board-and-batten "sandwich" walls, his space saving fabricated exterior and interior walls were built as units: Wright's unit system of design. The long hallway, or gallery, is the width of a Pullman car.
In 1939 women mostly prepared the family's meals at home. Wright's center placement of the undersized kitchen "liberated housewives." Their workspace was "no longer confined to the back of the house."
Wright's furniture, made of cypress veneered plywood to match the cypress trim, was either modular or built-in. His decorating scheme was limited to four colors: blue, green, yellow and Cherokee red. The concrete floor, scored in a grid pattern, is tinted Cherokee red.
In 1946, after six years, the Pope family sold the house. He traded journalism for hog farming. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Leighey purchased the intact house for $17,000. It was not location that guaranteed the price increase. Rather it was the Leigheys' understanding of Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture and the construction materials used. [Cypress, brick, concrete and glass]
In 1961 the Virginia Department of Highways "notified Marjorie Leighey of its plans to use the property in the construction of Interstate Highway 66." Stopping the house from being leveled by bulldozers "has nothing to do with me," Mrs. Leighey said. "My house was saved because it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright." The Pope-Leighey House is one of 27 Wright-designed Usonian houses.
"The home's uniqueness was in the act of saving it," The Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation explained. "It is the first preservation example of a national 20th century house. It is also the first time a major political leader [then-U.S. Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall] objected to an intruding highway." It was Secretary Udall who brokered the transfer agreement with the National Trust for Historic Preservation and, in turn, Woodlawn.
"Unfortunately Wright's persona now overpowers his designs," Tuminaro concluded. "A deeper architectural appreciation is needed especially his vision for affordable housing." Frank Lloyd Wright, "a great man for firsts," had devised "nine different cost saving construction methods" by 1932.
The National Trust for Historic Preservation now celebrates Frank Lloyd Wright's sesquicentennial year. Flamboyant, a thrice married father, Wright designed more than 1,000 works 532 of which were built. Architect Louis Sullivan, of the firm Adler and Sullivan, was a mentor [Form Follows Function] and Thomas Jefferson an achetype. "Our democracy was Thomas Jefferson's idea," Wright declared.
Frank Lloyd Wright did not fear death. "Walt Whitman is the guide on that," Wright said. "If you want to talk, to consult him—read Leaves of Grass!" When asked if he went "to any specific church" Wright replied "I put a capital N on nature and go there." Wright died April 9, 1959, in Phoenix, Arizona, at the productive age of 91.
"It will take time, even in a preliminary way, to evaluate Wright's greatness wisely and well, to gauge his true influence and perhaps even understand and appreciate him with full profundity," The New York Times reported in 1959. "His deepest regret was that so very, very few understood—and even fewer practiced—the principle which may ultimately turn out to have been his most significant contribution: the reiterated principle of organic architecture."
"Though Wright is justly famous for his monumental industrial structures, it was in the beauty of his private homes that his architectural genius flowered," The New York Times concluded in 1963. Tokyo's Hotel Imperial (1916), New York City's Guggenheim Museum (1943-1959) and Mill Run's Fallingwater (1935-1937) are other outstanding examples of his work.
The NTHP's Pope-Leighey House is located at Woodlawn, 9000 Richmond Highway, Alexandria, Virginia, 22309. For more information, including June 8 Cupcake Tours and related events visit www.woodlawnpopeleighey.org.
Lawrence and Nelly Custis Lewis' Woodlawn was designed in 1805 by architect William Thornton, the first architect of the U.S. Capitol.
Sarah Becker started writing for The Economist while a graduate student in England. Similar publications followed. She joined the Crier in 1996 while serving on the Alexandria Convention and Visitors Association Board. Her interest in antiquities began as a World Bank hire, with Indonesia's need to generate hard currency. Balinese history, i.e. tourism provided the means. The New York Times describes Becker's book, Off Your Duffs & Up the Assets, as "a blueprint for thousands of nonprofit managers." A former museum director, SLAM's saving grace Sarah received Alexandria's Salute to Women Award in 2007. Email: abitofhistory53@gmail.com.
To Basel or not to Basel


Women in business in the Rolla area will soon gain access to a new organization designed to support their work. The Women in Business Group will launch in September with additional events scheduled through 2018.
The group will provide women with access to business resources, training, networking and a forum to test out new ideas. It is hosted by the Small Business and Technology Development Center (SBTDC) at Missouri University of Science and Technology, the Missouri Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and Woman Space Rolla.
Attendees may bring a lunch. Registration is required. Although focused on women in business, anyone is welcome to attend.


text:
Sugar Babies| Dating| Meet & Fuck| Live Sex Cams
Guinea-Bissau dating guide advises how to pick up Bissau-Guinean girls and how to hookup with local women in Guinea-Bissau. Travel, enjoy and have fun with hot single girls and you might even meet the love of your life. Read more on how to date Bissau-Guinean women, where to find sex and how to get laid in Guinea-Bissau, Africa.
A beach in Guinea-Bissau
Guinea-Bissau a West African country that is known officially as the Republic of Guinea-Bissau. Its population is about 1,874,303 and it occupies an area of about 13,948 square miles or 36,125 square kilometres.
At one time the country of Guinea-Bissau was a part of the Mali Empire and also a part of the kingdom of Gabu. It was colonised as Portuguese Guinea in the 19th century. The name of its capital Bissau was added to the country's name when it got its independence in 1973. This was done to prevent confusion with the former French Guinea now known as Guinea.
Portuguese is spoken as the national and official language of the country by more than half of the population of Guinea-Bissau. Native African languages are spoken by the remainder of the population.
Apart from being a member of several international bodies like the South African Peace and Cooperation Zone, La Francophonie, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, ECOWAS, the African Union, and the United Nations, the country is also home to some of the most beautiful black women in Africa and in the world.
Guinea-Bissau Top 10 Overview:
Chance of picking up girls: 4 / 5
Picking up at daytime: 4 / 5
Picking up at nighttime: 4.3 / 5
Looks of girls: 4 / 5
Attitude of girls: 4 / 5
Nightlife in general: 4.3 / 5
Locals' English level: 3 / 5
Transportation: 3 / 5
Budget per day: US$190 - $580
Accommodation: US$130 - $490
1 Bissau-Guinean Girls
2 Where to Get Sex Now
3 How to Pick Up Girls
3.1 Tips for Daytime
3.1.1 Best Places to Meet Girls
3.2 Tips for Nighttime
3.2.1 Best Nightclubs to Meet Girls
3.3 Mature Ladies and Cougars
4 Regions
7 Top Dating Tips
8 Social Media for Adults
10 Live Cam Dating
11 What Kind of Guys Have the Best Chances
12 Risks while Gaming
13 How to Get Laid as Soon as Possible
14 Gold Diggers and Sugar Babies
16 Swinging and Naturism
17 Costs of Living
19 How to Get There and Move Around
21 Internet and Mobile Operators
22 Gambling and Casinos
23 Weed and Drugs
24 Health, Fitness, Gyms and Massage
26 Stay Safe
Bissau-Guinean Girls
The GDP per capita of Guinea-Bissau is one of the world's lowest and its Human Development Index is one of earth's lowest. The country's major exports are ground nuts, cashew nuts, and fish, which show just how dependent the economy of this country is on agriculture. This country is quite poor and it is estimated that over three quarters of its population are living below the poverty line.
The education infrastructure of the country of Guinea-Bissau is inefficient. Most of the education is still in its early stages and sometimes can be optional instead of being compulsory. There are reforms being made to their basic education. There is also limited higher education and most students actually have a preference for going abroad to be educated with Portugal being where they prefer to enroll in.
It is common to find child labour in this country. Girls also have lower enrollment rates than boys. The most recent rates of literacy are for 2011. In that year, the rate of literacy was 55.3% with females having 42.1% and males having 55.3%.
From the above points mentioned, one can easily picture the kind of girls that can be found in the country of Guinea-Bissau. Those that you would meet that are highly educated would most likely have gone abroad to get such education.
The girls of Guinea-Bissau are very lively, friendly, and easily approachable. They are actively interested in meeting with tourists. Even though their official language is Portuguese, a couple of their women can still speak in English especially in their cities and among those who have been abroad.
The girls of this country are known for their beauty. They are normally always dark-skinned in complexion. Some of them have a lighter shade of black and brown as their complexion. Their facial features are attractive with their small round noses, bright eyes, full lips, and soft jawlines.
In terms of height, the girls of Guinea-Bissau range from average to tall. They have very curvy physiques and prominent feminine assets. Their backsides and breasts are robust, round, and firm. They round up their beautiful looks with lovely smiles and a sexy gait.
The girls of the country of Guinea-Bissau are very beautiful. They have prominent feminine assets that feature in their prominent breasts and backsides. The rating is a justification of how beautiful the girls of this country look.
The girls of Guinea-Bissau are known for being very friendly and approachable. They like to interact and mingle with tourists. The rating justifies the point being made here.
Where to Get Sex Now
It is easy to get sex online in Guinea-Bissau. You just need to find the best available girls. See Girls Online Here!
How to Pick Up Girls
You would have very good chances of picking up the girls of Guinea-Bissau. This is because they are very friendly and love to interact with tourists. One can say that the dire economic situation that they find themselves in this country makes them to be actively on the lookout for men from other countries who can provide for their material needs.
However, simply because most of these girls are in need does not mean they would be at your beck and call. These women are proud of their looks and beauty and would want a man to appreciate them and respect them. When you want to pick up the girls of Guinea-Bissau always remember this. Do not restrict the number of times you complement them on their beauty, their fashion sense, and even what they do for a living. These girls love to be showered with adoration and praises and when you add to it your willingness to take care of their needs then you would have succeeded in making a lasting impression on them.
When any of the girls from Guinea-Bissau is attracted by your effective wooing you can expect nothing short of the best companionship and mind-blowing sex.
Chance of picking up: 4 / 5
It is easy to pick up the girls of the country of Guinea-Bissau. They are not only friendly and approachable but equally actively on the lookout for foreign men who can cater for their material needs. The rating justifies just how easy it is to pick up these women.
Tips for Daytime
The daytimes are normally a time of a lot of activities and events in the country of Guinea-Bissau. This is why it is very possible to meet with and hookup with the girls of this country.
To stand a better chance of succeeding at daytime hookups, you should endeavor to pay visits to the country's universities and institutions of higher learning. You can also visit their places of interest like landmarks, parks, shopping malls, beaches, and event centers. These places are always brimming with their beautiful women who come around to shop or just to relax during the daytime.
When you encounter the women of Guinea-Bissau in any of these areas remember to complement their beauty and their fashion sense. Also offer to take them out for lunch or for shopping. You can ask them to select the best places they would like to go on a date with you. And once they have selected such a place you can now take them there with you.
These girls love to be spoilt with gifts and so you just might want to pick up a few for her while shopping.
Chance of picking up at daytime: 4 / 5
Best Places to Meet Girls
During the daytimes, the most likely places where you can expect to meet these beautiful women of Guinea-Bissau would be in the public. Such places in the public where you can meet these women are their universities, parks, shopping malls, and markets. The reason why these places are ideal for hooking up with these women at daytime is because they love to look good and they derive joy in shopping.
Below are the most popular places where you can spot these beautiful women of Guinea-Bissau during the daytime:
Orange Island (a lot of wildlife and white beaches)
Bubaque Island (whitewashed tropical sands, colonial edifices)
Dulumbi-Boe National Park (the largest national park in the country with lots of wildlife)
Joao Vieira Island (sea turtles and national marine reserve)
Bissau city (financial and political hub of the country full of culture and heritage)
Bafata (popular riverside town with lots of wildlife)
Lagoas Cufada Natural Park/Parque Natural das Lagoas de Cufada (in Buba city, one of the most bio-diverse regions in the country with lots of palm oil groves)
Cacheu (a former slaving town with popular fort)
Bolama Island (full of fascinating colonial buildings)
Varela (gorgeous coastline, sea turtles, dense forests, and savannah grasses)
Rubane Island (ivory-white sands and the timber villas of the Ponta Anchaca resort)
The beach in front of the Hotel Ecolodge Ponta Anchaca on the Rubane island
Gabu city (major trading centre)
Farim city (popular market full of traditional hamlets)
Saltinho (popular waterfalls)
Florestas de Castanhez National Park (in the south of the country
Museu National (art museum in Bissau city)
Fortaleza de Sao Jose da Amura (historic site in Bissau city)
Inside the Fortaleza de São José de Amura fortress, park and car park
Mesquita Bissau (religious and sacred site in Bissau city)
Centro Artistico Juvenil (flea and street markets in Bissau city)
Mercado Central (flea and street market in Bissau city)
Bissau Main Market (flea and street market in Bissau city)
Presidential Palace (architectural building in Bissau city)
Igreja Catolica da Bissau (cathedrals and churches)
Bissau Cathedral (cathedral in Bissau city)
Bissau Cathedral
Assembleia Ministerio da Justica (notable building in Bissau city)
Home Museum of Amilcar Cabral (museum in Bafata city)
Pidjiguiti Monument (monument in Bissau city)
Bubaque Museum (museum in Ilha De Bubaque city)
Artissal (arts centre in Quinhamel city)
Parque Nacional das Ilhas de Orango (national park in Ilha de Orango city)
Tips for Nighttime
The best time to hook up with the women of Guinea-Bissau is at night. This is because these beautiful women love to party, dance, and have a good time which the nighttime affords them.
When you come out to meet the women of Guinea-Bissau at night ensure that you are dressed in your best casuals. And if you are coming for a date ensure that you are punctual and never late. Your conversations should all be devoid of anything aggressive or offensive.
Chance of hooking up at nighttime: 4.3 / 5
Relaxing and unwinding is what the girls of Guinea-Bissau love to do at nighttime. This is why it is easy to hook-up with them at such times. The rating given justifies the point that is being made here.
Best Nightclubs to Meet Girls
The country of Guinea-Bissau has a lot of fun spots where you can meet their girls at night. Such places range from bars to restaurants, shopping malls, and nightclubs.
Here is a list of the best nightclubs and other locations where you can find the women of Guinea-Bissau at night:
X-Klub (nightclub on Rua Eduardo Mond lane in Bissau)
Benfica (nightclub on Avenida Francisco Mendes)
Discoteca Tabanka (nightclub in Bissau)
Tabanka Bissau (nightclub in Bissau)
Insonias (nightclub in Bissau)
Saboura (nightclub in Bissau)
Balafon Pub Bar (bar in Bissau)
A very lively and vibrant atmosphere is what the nightlife is generally in the country of Guinea-Bissau. They have some lovely nightclubs that are always full of beautiful women and lots of partying and dancing. The rating justifies the point that is being made.
Mature Ladies and Cougars
The women of Guinea-Bissau love to get married at young ages. However, there are lots of older ladies who do not share such opinions but rather choose to remain single even in their 30s and 40s. Such cougars and mature ladies love to meet young men for sex.
Bissau - capital
Bafatá - Bafata is a pleasant town with an interesting colonial centre, located on the Rio Gêba. Hometown of Bissau-Guinean patriot Amilcar Cabral. Ask around near the old market to visit his house.
Bolama - capital of the country until 1941, has some magnificent examples of colonial architecture and has been suggested as a world heritage site.
Buba - End of the tarmac going to the south of Guinea-Bissau. The town is built along a tidal river, the Rio Grande de Buba. Decent hotel.
Bubaque - Largest town in the Bijagos archipelago, with hotels and harbor for boat trips to other islands.
Cacheu - Cacheu was once an important place for slave-trading, and there is still a little fort.
Catió-
Farim
Gabú - Busy market town, with a predominantly Muslim population.
When visiting Guinea-Bissau, dating can be a fun and interesting experience. AdultFriendFinder.com, lets you meet local members in Guinea-Bissau and get to know them on a personal basis before you arrive. It just takes a few minutes, you simply create an account, upload a few images and tell a little about yourself. Since time in your destination may be limited, get to know each other's desires beforehand so when you do meet, you can skip the awkward introductions and start having some real fun.
Top Dating Tips
The best way to succeed at dating the women of Guinea-Bissau is by willingly providing for their material needs. This would require you to be a good listener and ready to make her happy at all times. The good thing about these women is that they are very receptive and know how best to appreciate you for your provisions towards them. As long as you are willing to take them for shopping and spoil them with gifts then you can expect nothing short of excellent companionship and mind-blowing sex.
Since you might not know the best places for hanging out in this country it would be a good idea to ask them for their opinion. Once you are armed with that information you should offer to take them to those spots with you.
By offering to take care of their material needs you would easily connect with them faster. And once that initial connection is made the women of the country of Guinea-Bissau would be eager to connect with you on a more personal, emotional, and sexual level.
Social Media for Adults
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Making use of dating apps and websites is one favourite pastime that the women of Guinea-Bissau love to engage in. Even though Portuguese is the language spoken by most of them there are still some of their women who can discuss fluently in English especially those who have schooled abroad.
The best dating apps in the country of Guinea-Bissau are:
AfroIntroductions - The largest African dating site with over 2.5 million members.
Mingle2 – this dating app is 100% free to join and use. You can easily connect with thousands of the beautiful women of Guinea-Bissau on this app. Once you have registered it becomes easy to search through the several profiles of these women.
Badoo – this dating app provides secured online chatting and dating with the beautiful women of Guinea-Bissau. You can actually get to meet genuine friends and lovers here.
DateMeme – this dating app boasts of being the country of Guinea-Bissau's largest hookup site. You can register quickly and start to check out the profiles of their beautiful women.
TopFace – this dating app presents itself as an international dating app with access to several thousands of beautiful women from Guinea-Bissau. They also make their registration and sign-up to be easy and fast.
SinglesAroundMe – this app makes online dating and chatting to be very easy and convenient. You can easily succeed with dating the women of Guinea-Bissau when you contact them on this dating app.
FirstMet – this dating app has several million users connected to it. What separates it from its competitors is that it makes online dating and chatting to be full of fun and excitement.
There are a couple of points to remember when you are on any of these dating apps. It is common to find that they are being used by a lot of sex workers, transgenders, and ladyboys. So if you do not want to be contacted by or connect with any of them then you need to be upfront with your preferences on sexual tastes and sexual partners.
Also, you should communicate with your desired dating partner about when and where your dates should take place. Agree on all issues such as when sex can take place and where to meet.
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What Kind of Guys Have the Best Chances
As long as you have no objections to taking care of their needs, the women of Guinea-Bissau would permit you to hook-up with them without any fuss. When you cater for their material needs they would reciprocate by taking care of your emotional and sexual needs.
Flashing of your wealth around these women of Guinea-Bissau would not score you extra points with them. Rather, when you buy them gifts they would be more attracted to you. And just as they are not interested in your wealth display, so also they do not discriminate on the basis of ethnicity. This is why they would not show any preference whether you are Hispanic, Asian, white, black, and so on.
The women of Guinea-Bissau prefer that their men are well-dressed and well-behaved gentlemen. They are not turned on by gigolo-looking and hipster type of men. You should also expect that they would request for a couple of dates with you before they agree to have sex.
Risks while Gaming
The major risks while gaming in this country surround that of your personal security. You should be wary of meeting your dates in dark and unlit corners or streets. Beware of pickpockets and other petty thieves who might want to take advantage of your unfamiliarity with places. Also, avoid getting into verbal confrontations with their local men. As much as possible restrict your outings to their cities.
How to Get Laid as Soon as Possible
If you want to get laid as quickly as possible then you must consider visiting their nightclubs, bars, beaches, and parks. These are the places where you are sure to meet their horniest women.
When you meet any woman that catches your fancy you should be upfront in laying out your cards on the table. Let them know you are interested in catering for their needs and offer to take them for a date or shopping. As long as the woman is attracted to you then mind-blowing sex is expected.
Gold Diggers and Sugar Babies
Guinea-Bissau is full of hot girls looking for a mutually beneficial hookup with travellers. There are lots of girls who don't charge by the hour but who will do anything for a guy who is willing to help them pay their bills. If you are looking for a more personal and less transactional alternative to escorts, a good place to find these sexy open-minded girls in Guinea-Bissau is SecretBenefits.
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Swinging and Naturism
The country of Guinea-Bissau does not condone nudism. You are not going to find any nudist beaches here. Also, there are no public swinging parties here.
Costs of Living
For first time visitors to the country of Guinea-Bissau they are usually surprised by how expensive the country is. From buying food in a restaurant to getting your favourite beer in a bar or a shop, the cost of living in this country is undoubtedly high. This is why anyone coming to the country of Guinea-Bissau should have an adequate budget to cater for all the expensive items they are bound to encounter.
Single traveler's budget per day: US$190 - $580
When travelling to the country of Guinea-Bissau as a single traveller you should expect that your least cost each day would be around 190 USD. This cost can rise as high as 580 USD each day if you would prefer to have a more luxurious trip.
Accommodation per night: US$130 - $490
Accommodation is going to be one of the major expenses a traveller would encounter in the country of Guinea-Bissau. You can expect to spend as much as 130 USD a night on Airbnbs, hostels, and dormitories. If you prefer their more luxurious five-star hotels then this cost can go as high as 490 USD a night.
Beer in a grocery shop: US$2 - $4
Buying a bottle of beer in a grocery shop can cost anywhere from 2 to 4 USD.
Beer in a bar or restaurant: US$4 - $8
To buy a bottle of imported beer from a restaurant or a bar you should be looking at spending between 4 and 8 USD.
Meal in a restaurant: US$90 - $190
Food is another major expense in the country of Guinea-Bissau. To buy a plate of meal in a fast-food restaurant you can spend as much as 90 USD. This cost can get as high as 190 USD when you patronize their high-end restaurants.
Without a doubt the country of Guinea-Bissau has high accommodation costs. For as much as 130 USD a night you can find Airbnbs, dormitories, and hostels. Their five-star hotels are pricier at around 490 USD a night.
Chances of finding a female host or a female travel companion are quite high in this country because the women are actively searching for men to cater for their needs. All you need to do is to confirm from your hotel where you are staying. You could also contact such female hosts on the dating apps that are popular in this country.
How to Get There and Move Around
There is a very basic transportation system in the country of Guinea-Bissau. The reason why there is not much advancement in the country's transportation infrastructure is because of continuous unrests and the civil war that ravaged the country.
By air:
The Osvaldo Vieira International Airport in the capital city of Bissau is the main airport which serves this country. As of 1999, there were 30 airports in this country with only three Cufar Airport, Bubaque Airport, and the Osvaldo Vieira International Airport being the only ones that are paved.
The Osvaldo Vieira International Airport
The road network of the country of Guinea-Bissau is inadequate. Out of about 4,400 Km of roads, only 453 Km is paved. This makes trips by their buses to not be too pleasurable.
Local Bus
Taxis in this country consist of mainly those which are operated by individuals and local government authorities. It is rare to find ride-hailing services here.
The country of Guinea-Bissau does not have any railways.
By boat:
Even though the country has four harbours and seaports at Farim, Cacheu, Buba, and Port of Bissau, there has not been any merchant vessel operating in the country.
Visas:
Except if you are from one of the territories or countries that are visa-exempt any visitor to the country of Guinea-Bissau must obtain a visa on arrival or at any of the diplomatic missions of the country abroad.
Digital Nomads and Remote Work
You would require a working visa if you want to be employed by any organization in this country. There are multinational companies working in this country as well as international NGOs.
There is good internet connectivity in the country of Guinea-Bissau. Anyone in need of mobile and internet plans can purchase from any of their existing telecom companies such as OrangeBissau, MTN, or Guinetel.
It is illegal to gamble in the country of Guinea-Bissau. This is because it goes contrary to their Sharia and Islamic laws. This is why you would rarely find any casino in this country.
Weed and Drugs
It is illegal to use or possess weed in this country. The same ban is applicable to narcotic drugs.
Health, Fitness, Gyms and Massage
There are good massage parlours, spas, gyms, and fitness centers in the cities. However, the health infrastructure in this country is inadequate.
STDs and HIV
HIV/AIDs and STDs are health issues that this country is struggling to combat. If you really must have sex in this country ensure that you are always protected. You can also get drugs from their pharmacies without a prescription.
Guinea-Bissau has one of the highest rates of petty and violent crime on the continent, which should not be underestimated, a lack of much law enforcement, and a very dysfunctional government. The country is home to several drug kingpins and a large volume of narcotics passes through remote islands and airstrips en route from South America to Europe. The country also has the onerous distinction of never having an elected president complete a full 5-year term in office and there have been dozens of coups and attempted coups as well as numerous assassinations of officials and military leaders since independence in 1974. The most recent coup was in April 2012, which follows a failed coup attempt in 2011, the house-arrest of the prime minister by the military (and threat of killing him) in 2010, and the assassination of the president by soldiers in 2009 (a day after a top military leader & rival of the president was killed by a bomb).
Avoid any political demonstrations and stay clear of any large presence of military on the streets.
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text:
Here's a passage that basically sums up Desire for me. This is from Larry Sloman's 1978 book, On the Road With Bob Dylan, about his exploits as the Rolling Stone reporter tagging along on the 1975 portion of the Rolling Thunder Revue. At this point in the Hunter Thompson-esque odyssey he is holed up in Maine in a hotel, convinced that the Dylan entourage has sabotaged his rental car to keep him from getting to Quebec City. Strung out on amphetamines he phones Mike Bloomfield, who was Dylan's guitarist when he first went electric. Bloomfield, and he asks him what he thinks of Dylan's later albums. Bloomfield argues that the only two well-produced Dylan albums are Blonde on Blonde and Nashville Skyline:
"As far as I can see an album has never come out by Bob that was musically equal to the content of the songs or they lyrics. And strangely enough, except for rare occasions, I would rather hear Bob sing his songs than cover versions, but I'd rather hear Bob singing his material better produced"
Elsewhere in the book, Sloman reports that he suggested to Dylan that he simply re-record the entirety of Desire with the band that was on tour, because they were so much better at the songs now than they had been when they recorded the album. That was a great idea by Sloman that, of course, had no chance of happening.
Here's the thing: Desire is the Bob Dylan album with the best overall collection of songs. Song for song, ton for ton, Desire can out punch any other Dylan album. But here's the other thing: Desire is not Bob Dylan's best album, because almost every single song on the album sounds better elsewhere ("Joey" might be an exception here).
One of the interesting things about Biograph is that it was assembled by a Desire fan. They included three songs from those sessions – "Abandoned Love", "Isis" and "Romance in Durango" – but, importantly, nothing actually from the album itself. "Abandoned Love" was, I noted, inexplicably left off Desire, despite the fact that it would have been the album's best song. Biograph uses live versions of the other two songs, and they are great. I actually have trouble listening to "Isis" on the album because I always mentally expect to hear Dylan say "This is for Leonard…. If he's still here", which is how he introduces it on the live version on Biograph, which is the version I always listen to. (from the Montreal show in 1975 – the Leonard is, of course, Leonard Cohen. That show is incredible, by the way).
So, Desire is an album full of songs that I like better when they're not on Desire. But what a collection of songs. "Hurricane" and "Mozambique" I've already addressed, and both are great. "Isis", the second track, is a top ten Dylan song for me, probably even top five just for the Montreal version. It's perhaps my second favourite Dylan story song, and, live, this verse always kills me:
She said, "Where ya been?" I said, "No place special"
She said, "You look different." I said, "Well, I guess"
She said, "You been gone." I said, "That's only natural"
She said, "You gonna stay?" I said, "If you want me to, yeah"
"One More Cup of Coffee" and "Oh Sister", the duets with Emmylou Harris, are really solid mid-1970s Dylan dirges. But the best of these is "Sara", Dylan's most personal song since the execrable "Ballad in Plain D". "Sara" is a beautifully constructed song, with the verses looking back to earlier moments in their now doomed relationship. Sara was apparently there live when Dylan recorded it, but it may have been too little too late. The line in which he references "Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowlands" is sort of a minor classic, although his rhyming "help" and "kelp" always strikes me as a clanger.
There is nothing that I don't like on this album, which might be a first for me. It was #1 in the US for five weeks, and was one of Dylan't best-selling albums. I think, for me, this is really the peak – not the album itself, but the tour that supported it and many of the versions that can be found. An unbelievable collection of songs, but not the best album.


Maybe you haven't heard, but ACT announced test-takers could look forward to "the inclusion of additional statistics and probability items in the mathematics test" (Source: ACT FAQ). ACT hasn't released volumes of materials on the changes, but the last two released exams contained in the Preparing-for-the-ACT Guides are consistent with the announced changes and provide the best clues we have on the amendments. We have divided the following items into three categories. The items are provided to give you examples of the ways you can expect ACT to test probability. These are screenshots from the ACT's booklets, not the property of 36 University.
These items require you to utilize your graph reading skills and basic probability concepts.
The good news is these items aren't that complicated and are likely to replace more difficult items. These changes may mean it's time for you to brush up on basic probability, especially since ACT may begin testing these concepts in more challenging ways.
Do you want to see these items worked? Check out our follow-up post. For more practice, check out the online Sample Items published by ACT. Specifically, try Set 3 Item #2.


The IR Distance Adapter is designed to interface Sharp IR distance sensors to an Analog Input or VINT Hub Port. Any Sharp sensor with a supply voltage of 5V and an output voltage range falling within 0-5V is compatible with this adapter. The cable included with this adapter uses a JST S3B-PH connector, like the Sharp sensors sold by Phidgets Inc. If your Sharp sensor uses a different connector, you'll need to find a matching cable for it.