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Piano prodigy Arima Kosei dominated the competition and all child musicians knew his name. But after his mother, who was also his instructor, passed away, he had a mental breakdown while performing at a recital that resulted in him no longer being able to hear the sound of his piano even though his hearing was perfectly fine. Even two years later, Kosei hasn't touched the piano and views the world in monotone, and without any flair or color. He was content at living out his life with his good friends Tsubaki and Watari until, one day, a girl changed everything. Miyazono Kaori is a pretty, free spirited violinist whose playing style reflects her personality. Kaori helps Kosei return to the music world and show that it should be free and mold breaking unlike the structured and rigid style Kosei was used to.
Watch Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso Episodes Online
Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso Watch Online in HD. You can find English Subbed Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso Episodes here. Just click on the episode number and watch Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso English sub online
Synonyms : Your Lie in April
Genres : School Drama Shounen Romance Music
Rating : Everyone
Latest Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso Episodes
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Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso Episode 22
kingly I want season 2 so bad
iipjmxkk I was expecting it to make me cry but it didn't. Really good anime, it makes you see the world in a way you never were able to see.
SNK209 If you wanna cry? Watch. If you wanna smile? Watch. If you're up for an emotional roller coaster? WATCH.
Daslumpin One of my Favorites. Have watched several times since the st time. Will come back it again. If you likes this, try "Kimi no Suizou wo Tabetai "
mixerjason This ladies and gentlemen....is simply a masterpiece!!!
SimonChoi I will never stop crying. literally that ending though. FUCK THESE TEARS, i cant see a thing
Kendrew_r Idk why but I always wanted to see clips from this anime again and again even tho it made me feel sad at the end
ZhonLord Your Lie in April. Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso. A deceptively simple name for an extremely complex, powerful anime - one that has even more impact for anyone who's ever taken basic middle/high school classes in music, and/or taken part in a concert or instrumental competition. This is the only show I've ever seen that brings the competitive world of classical performance to life, AND gives it just representation at the same time. The accuracy and power that is portrayed in the practice, preparation, buildup and execution of a performance are spot on and the emotions felt at each stage clearly have the understanding and influence of professional musicians behind its writing. But in spite of that, what shines the most are the two main leads. Kousei and Kaori play off each other in an extraordinary way, whether they be bickering or performing, and it's easy to see how the two make each other stronger and better just by their very presence. Kaori is a violin prodigy who breaks the boundaries that most people feel locked into with classical music, taking well-known performances and making them her own - changing the pace, switching the piano/forte and rapidly changing metronome speeds; all things that are normally EXTREMELY frowned upon, and yet she brings the pieces to life in a way that no one else can. This in turn feeds into Kousei, helping him wake up from the breakdown he suffered. And when he awakens to his own potential, the music he plays comes to life just as hers does. Have the volume as high as you can when these two hit the stage together and begin to take off, you won't regret it. However, I would be remiss to not pass the warning along - this show is infamous at this point for its powerful emotional impact, and it's a well deserved reputation. There are extraordinary joyful and sorrowful moments; do not go into this one expecting nothing but sunshine, rainbows and music. Your Lie in April is one of my all-time favorite animes, for the wide variety of emotions that it makes the watcher feel and for the reminder of a music world I used to live in. Take a deep breath, get ready for the rapids and dive in.
Commieman668 The feels in this are too damn high. Brace youselves


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Mid-Continental Plaza è grattacielo di Chicago, Illinois.

Caratteristiche
L'edificio, completato nel 1972 e ha 49 piani e si erge per 178 metri. Progettato da Shaw and Associates, l'edificio, è il 52° più alto di Chicago. Originariamente il progetto prevedeva due torri di vetro nero di 40 piani. Gli ultimi 10 piani sono stati convertiti in condomini chiamati The Park Monroe.

Voci correlate

 Grattacieli di Chicago

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

 Emporis
 SkyscraperPage
 Monroe Park

Grattacieli di Chicago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Education National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR)-Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program-Disability Rehabilitation Research Project (DRRP)-Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Health Conditions Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Disabilities From Diverse Race and Ethnic Backgrounds, 66307-66310 [E9-29809]
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR)-Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program-Disability Rehabilitation Research Project (DRRP)-Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Health Conditions Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Disabilities From Diverse Race and Ethnic Backgrounds, 66307-66310 [E9-29809]
Download as PDF Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 239 / Tuesday, December 15, 2009 / Notices (1) You must indicate on the envelope and—if not provided by the Department—in Item 11 of the SF 424 the CFDA number, including suffix letter, if any, of the competition under which you are submitting your application; and (2) The Application Control Center will mail to you a notification of receipt of your grant application. If you do not receive this grant notification within 15 business days from the application deadline date, you should call the U.S. Department of Education Application Control Center at (202) 245– 6288. sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES V. Application Review Information Selection Criteria: The selection criteria for this competition are from 34 CFR 75.210 of EDGAR and are listed in the application package. VI. Award Administration Information 1. Award Notices: If your application is successful, we notify your U.S. Representative and U.S. Senators and send you a Grant Award Notification (GAN). We may notify you informally, also. If your application is not evaluated or not selected for funding, we notify you. 2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements: We identify administrative and national policy requirements in the application package and reference these and other requirements in the Applicable Regulations section of this notice. We reference the regulations outlining the terms and conditions of an award in the Applicable Regulations section of this notice and include these and other specific conditions in the GAN. The GAN also incorporates your approved application as part of your binding commitments under the grant. 3. Reporting: At the end of your project period, you must submit a final performance report, including financial information, as directed by the Secretary. If you receive a multi-year award, you must submit an annual performance report that provides the most current performance and financial expenditure information as directed by the Secretary under 34 CFR 75.118. The Secretary may also require more frequent performance reports under 34 CFR 75.720(c). For specific requirements on reporting, please go to http://www.ed.gov/fund/grant/apply/ appforms/appforms.html. 4. Performance Measures: Under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 (GPRA), the Department developed the following performance measures to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the HEP: (1) The percentage of HEP program exiters receiving a General Education Development (GED) credential (GPRA VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:23 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 220001 1), and (2) the percentage of HEP GED recipients who enter postsecondary education or training programs, upgraded employment, or the military (GPRA 2). Applicants must propose annual targets for these measures in their applications. The national target for GPRA 1 for FY 2010 is that 69 percent of HEP program exiters will receive a GED credential. The national target for GPRA 2 for FY 2010 is that 80 percent of HEP GED recipients will enter postsecondary education or training programs, upgraded employment, or the military. The panel readers will score related selection criteria for applicants, in part, on the basis of how well an applicant addresses these GPRA measures. Therefore, applicants should consider how they will demonstrate their capacity to provide reliable data on these measures, including the project's annual performance targets for the GPRA measures, as required by the OMB approved annual performance report that is included in the application package. All grantees will be required to submit, as part of their annual performance report, information with respect to these GPRA measures. VII. Agency Contact FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: David De Soto, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Migrant Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., Room 3E344, Washington, DC 20202–6135. Telephone: (202) 260–8103, or by email: david.de.soto@ed.gov, or Tara Ramsey, U.S. Department of Education, Office of Migrant Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., Room 3E323, Washington, DC 20202–6135. Telephone: (202) 260–2063, or by email: tara.ramsey@ed.gov. If you use a TDD, call the FRS, toll free, at 1–800– 877–8339. VIII. Other Information Accessible Format: Individuals with disabilities can obtain this document and a copy of the application package in an accessible format (e.g., braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette) on request to the program contact person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT in section VII of this notice. Electronic Access to this Document: You can view this document, as well as all other documents of this Department published in the Federal Register, in text or Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news/ fedregister. To use PDF you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available free at this site. PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 66307 Note: The official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations is available on GPO Access at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/nara/ index.html. Dated: December 10, 2009. ´ Thelma Melendez de Santa Ana, Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education. [FR Doc. E9–29807 Filed 12–14–09; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4000–01–P DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR)— Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program— Disability Rehabilitation Research Project (DRRP)—Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Health Conditions Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Disabilities From Diverse Race and Ethnic Backgrounds Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number: 84.133A–7. AGENCY: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Department of Education. ACTION: Notice of proposed priority for a DRRP. SUMMARY: The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services proposes a priority for the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program administered by NIDRR. Specifically, this notice proposes a priority for a DRRP. The Assistant Secretary may use this priority for a competition in fiscal year (FY) 2010 and later years. We take this action to focus research attention on areas of national need. We intend this priority to improve rehabilitation services and outcomes for individuals with disabilities. DATES: We must receive your comments on or before January 14, 2010. ADDRESSES: Address all comments about this proposed priority to Donna Nangle, U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., Room 6029, Potomac Center Plaza (PCP), Washington, DC 20202–2700. If you prefer to send your comments by e-mail, use the following address: donna.nangle@ed.gov. You must include the term ''Proposed Priority for a DRRP on Reducing Obesity'' in the subject line of your electronic message. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Donna Nangle. Telephone: (202) 245– 7462 or by e-mail: donna.nangle@ed.gov. E:\FR\FM\15DEN1.SGM 15DEN1 sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES 66308 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 239 / Tuesday, December 15, 2009 / Notices If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), call the Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1–800–877–8339. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice of proposed priority is in concert with NIDRR's Final Long-Range Plan for FY 2005–2009 (Plan). The Plan, which was published in the Federal Register on February 15, 2006 (71 FR 8165), can be accessed on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/ about/offices/list/osers/nidrr/ policy.html. Through the implementation of the Plan, NIDRR seeks to: (1) Improve the quality and utility of disability and rehabilitation research; (2) foster an exchange of expertise, information, and training to facilitate the advancement of knowledge and understanding of the unique needs of traditionally underserved populations; (3) determine best strategies and programs to improve rehabilitation outcomes for underserved populations; (4) identify research gaps; (5) identify mechanisms of integrating research and practice; and (6) disseminate findings. This notice proposes a priority that NIDRR intends to use for DRRP competitions in FY 2010 and possibly later years. However, nothing precludes NIDRR from publishing additional priorities, if needed. Furthermore, NIDRR is under no obligation to make an award for this priority. The decision to make an award will be based on the quality of applications received and available funding. Invitation to Comment: We invite you to submit comments regarding this proposed priority. To ensure that your comments have maximum effect in developing the notice of final priority, we urge you to identify clearly the specific topic that each comment addresses. We invite you to assist us in complying with the specific requirements of Executive Order 12866 and its overall requirement of reducing regulatory burden that might result from this proposed priority. Please let us know of any further ways we could reduce potential costs or increase potential benefits while preserving the effective and efficient administration of the program. During and after the comment period, you may inspect all public comments about this proposed priority in room 6029, 550 12th Street, SW., Potomac Center Plaza, Washington, DC, between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Washington, DC, time, Monday through Friday of each week except Federal holidays. VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:23 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 220001 Assistance to Individuals with Disabilities in Reviewing the Rulemaking Record: On request we will provide an appropriate accommodation or auxiliary aid to an individual with a disability who needs assistance to review the comments or other documents in the public rulemaking record for this notice. If you want to schedule an appointment for this type of accommodation or auxiliary aid, please contact the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. Purpose of Program: The purpose of the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program is to plan and conduct research, demonstration projects, training, and related activities, including international activities, to develop methods, procedures, and rehabilitation technology, that maximize the full inclusion and integration into society, employment, independent living, family support, and economic and social selfsufficiency of individuals with disabilities, especially individuals with the most severe disabilities, and to improve the effectiveness of services authorized under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended. Program Authority: 29 U.S.C. 762(g) and 764(a). Applicable Program Regulations: 34 CFR part 350. Proposed Priority: This notice contains one proposed priority. Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Conditions Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Disabilities from Diverse Race and Ethnic Backgrounds. Background: Obesity continues to be a major public health concern in the United States (U.S.). Overall, the prevalence of obesity in the U.S. doubled among adults between 1980 and 2004. More than a third of adults in the U.S. meet the criteria for obesity (Ogden, et al., 2007). Rates of obesity also increased among children and adolescents from 11 to 17 percent during roughly the same time period (Ogden, et al., 2007). Recent epidemiological studies indicate significant differences in obesity rates among individuals with and without disabilities (Altman & Bernstein, 2008; Rimmer, Rowland, & Yamaki, 2007; Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a). Approximately one-third of all adults with disabilities were obese compared with only 19 percent of adults without disabilities (Altman & Bernstein, 2008). Children and adolescents with disabilities are also more likely than their non-disabled PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 counterparts to be classified as being overweight. Approximately 30 percent of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who have limitations in walking, crawling, running, and playing are overweight, compared to about 16 percent of children in the same age group who do not have those limitations (Bandini, et al., 2005). There are also significant and welldocumented disparities in obesity prevalence based on race and ethnicity (Altman & Bernstein, 2008; Steinmetz, 2006). For example, in general, a greater percentage of non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-Americans of all ages are obese compared to non-Hispanic whites (Ogden, et al., 2006). Despite these documented disparities in obesity prevalence between individuals with and without disabilities, and by race and ethnicity, only a few national studies have examined variations in obesity by the intersection of both disability and minority group status. According to these studies, adults with both disability and race/ethnic minority status have significantly higher rates of obesity compared to individuals with disability or minority group status only, and compared to those with neither disability nor minority status (Jones & Sinclair, 2008). However, none of these studies report data specifically for the cohort of transition-age adolescents and young adults, approximately 15 to 25 years of age. New analyses of extant data are needed to determine whether the patterns that exist for adults similarly exist for adolescents and young adults who have disabilities and are from diverse race/ethnic backgrounds. Filling this knowledge gap, as well as identifying other risk factors for obesity in this population, will allow services and interventions to be targeted to youth with disabilities who are most at risk of obesity or overweight status. Targeting such services and interventions is critical for these adolescents and young adults, as obesity and overweight status generally continue into adulthood where they can restrict healthenhancing activities and jeopardize opportunities for community participation and employment (Rimmer, Rowland, & Yamaki, 2007). Obesity and overweight status can also have serious health consequences for adolescents and adults with disabilities because they can be precursors to secondary conditions that can complicate treatment of the original disabling condition and undermine functional abilities (Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a; Kinne, Patrick, & Doyle, 2004). Secondary conditions consist of additional physical or mental health E:\FR\FM\15DEN1.SGM 15DEN1 sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 239 / Tuesday, December 15, 2009 / Notices conditions that are directly or indirectly related to the primary impairment, and are generally considered preventable (IOM, 2007). Although numerous studies have examined the secondary conditions experienced by adults with disabilities (Kinne et al., 2004; Drum et al., 2005; Rimmer, Rowland & Yamaki, 2007), new research is needed to identify the obesity-related secondary conditions that are most commonly experienced by adolescents and young adults with disabilities, especially those from minority race/ethnic backgrounds. New research on this target population is also needed to highlight variations in risk factors for obesity and obesityrelated secondary conditions. To date, NIDRR's investments in this area have increased awareness of the disparities in obesity and obesity-related secondary conditions between adolescents and adults with and without disabilities (Rimmer, Rowland & Yamaki, 2007; Rimmer & Rowland, 2008b). NIDRR-sponsored researchers have also piloted a new screening tool based on total body fat instead of body mass index (BMI), that more accurately identifies obesity and overweight status (Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a; Rimmer, 2008). The work to be conducted by the DRRP under this priority will build upon these earlier studies by providing more detailed information about the prevalence of obesity, the risk factors for obesity, and the obesity-related secondary conditions that are commonly experienced by adolescents with disabilities from minority race/ ethnic backgrounds. The majority of obesity intervention studies that exist were conducted in controlled, rather than communitybased, settings where most or all of the common barriers to participation in health-promoting activities were eliminated (Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a). However, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provided $650 million to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), ''to carry out evidencebased clinical and community-based prevention and wellness strategies authorized by the Public Health Service Act that deliver specific, measurable health outcomes that address chronic disease rates.'' The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed an initiative in response to the Act. The goal of this initiative— Communities Putting Prevention to Work—is to reduce risk factors and prevent/delay chronic disease and promote wellness in both children and adults. It is not clear to what extent models or practices being implemented by projects such as these have implications for individuals with VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:23 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 220001 disabilities. Adequate research is not available related to this area. New research is needed to identify promising, community-based strategies that are culturally competent and have potential to be effective in reducing obesity and obesity-related secondary conditions among adolescents and young adults with disabilities from minority race/ethnic backgrounds. References: Altman, B. & Bernstein, A. (2008). Disability and health in the United States, 2001–2005. Hyattsville, MD., National Center for Health Statistics. Bandini, L.G., Curtin, C., Hamad, C., Tybor, D.J., & Must, A. (2005). Prevalence of overweight in children with developmental disorders in the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 1999–2002. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 738–743. Drum, C.E., Krahn, G., Culley, C., & Hammond, L. (2005). Recognizing and responding to the health disparities of people with disabilities. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 3(3), 29–42. Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2007). The Future of Disability in America. Chapter 5, Secondary Conditions and Aging with Disability. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Jones, G.C. & Sinclair, L.B. (2008). Multiple health disparities among minority adults with mobility limitations: An application of the ICF framework and codes. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(12–13), 901–915. Kinne, S., Patrick, D.L., & Doyle, D.L. (2004). Prevalence of Health Disparities among People with Disabilities. American Journal of Public Health, 94(3), 443–445. Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., McDowell, M.A., & Flegal, K.M. (2007). Obesity among adults in the United States— no change since 2003–2004. NCHS Data Brief No. 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. Ogden C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., McDowell, M.A., Tabak, C.J., & Flegal, K.M. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999–2004. JAMA 295(13), 1549–1555. Retrieved from www.jama.com. Rimmer, J.H., Rowland, J.L., & Yamaki, K. (2007). Obesity and Secondary Conditions in Adolescents with Disabilities: Addressing the Needs of an Underserved Population. PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 66309 Journal of Adolescent Health; 41, 224–229. Rimmer, J.H. & Rowland, J.L. (2008a). Health promotion for people with disabilities: Implications for empowering the person and promoting disability-friendly environments. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine; 2, 409–420, originally published by Sage online May 22, 2008. Retrieved from http://aji.sagepub.com. Rimmer, J.H. & Rowland, J.L. (2008b). Physical Activity for youth with disabilities: A critical need in an underserved population. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, April–June, 11(2), 141–148. Rimmer, J.H. (2008). Promoting inclusive physical activity communities for people with disabilities. President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, Research Digest, June/July; Series 9(2). Steinmetz, E. (2004). Americans with Disabilities: 2002. Current Population Reports, P70–107, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC. Thorpe, K.E., Florence, C.S., Howard, D.H., and Joski, P. (2004). The Impact of Obesity on the Rise in Medical Spending. Health Affairs, July–December (suppl. web excl.), W4–480–86. Wolf, A.M., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A. (2002). The Economic Impact of Overweight, Obesity and Weight Loss. In: Eckel, R (Editor). Obesity: Mechanisms and Clinical Management. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Proposed Priority: The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research Project (DRRP) on Reducing Obesity and ObesityRelated Secondary Conditions among Adolescents and Young Adults with Disabilities from Diverse Race and Ethnic Backgrounds. The DRRP must build upon the current research literature on obesity and secondary conditions and examine existing community-based obesity prevention programs such as the programs being implemented by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in order to determine whether practices they are implementing hold promise for individuals with disabilities, what modifications to these practices may be necessary, and how individuals with disabilities might be incorporated into community-based programs serving the wider community. Applicants must identify the specific sub-populations of adolescents and young adults they E:\FR\FM\15DEN1.SGM 15DEN1 sroberts on DSKD5P82C1PROD with NOTICES 66310 Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 239 / Tuesday, December 15, 2009 / Notices propose to study by type of disability (e.g., physical, sensory, mental) and by race/ethnic background. Under this priority, NIDRR is interested in obesity as a condition that is experienced concomitantly with other disabling conditions, but not as a primary disabling condition. When identifying the specific sub-populations by race/ ethnic background, the DRRP must select from three or more of the following categories: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, American Indians or Alaskan Natives, Asians or Pacific Islanders, and individuals of Hispanic origin. Under this priority, the DRRP must be designed to contribute to the following outcomes: (a) Enhanced understanding of the risk factors and health consequences of obesity and overweight status for adolescents and young adults with preexisting disabilities from diverse race/ ethnic backgrounds. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by conducting analyses of extant data sources to identify variations in rates of obesity and overweight status by race/ ethnicity and other risk factors among adolescents and young adults with disabilities approximately 15 to 25 years of age, as well as variations in obesityrelated secondary conditions. (b) New knowledge of promising, community-based and culturally competent practices for reducing obesity and obesity-related secondary conditions among adolescents and young adults with pre-existing disabilities. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by conducting research to identify the key elements of culturally competent, community-based strategies and programs that show promise toward reducing obesity and overweight status for the specific target populations selected. The DRRP's work in this area is intended to identify potential interventions that can be tested and implemented in the future in community-based settings. Applicants must propose, in their applications, the specific criteria and methods they will use to identify culturally competent and promising community-based strategies and programs. (c) Increased translation of research findings into practice or policy. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by: (1) Collaborating with stakeholder groups (e.g., youth and young adults with disabilities, families, family surrogates, rehabilitation professionals, and public health professionals) to develop, evaluate, or implement strategies to increase utilization of the VerDate Nov<24>2008 17:23 Dec 14, 2009 Jkt 220001 DRRP's research findings in programs targeted to youth with disabilities; and (2) Coordinating with existing programs such as those being implemented by the CDC to obtain and share information regarding the applicability of promising practices for individuals with disabilities. (2) Conducting dissemination activities to increase utilization of the DRRP's research findings. Types of Priorities: When inviting applications for a competition using one or more priorities, we designate the type of each priority as absolute, competitive preference, or invitational through a notice in the Federal Register. The effect of each type of priority follows: Absolute priority: Under an absolute priority, we consider only applications that meet the priority (34 CFR 75.105(c)(3)). Competitive preference priority: Under a competitive preference priority, we give competitive preference to an application by (1) awarding additional points, depending on the extent to which the application meets the priority (34 CFR 75.105(c)(2)(i)); or (2) selecting an application that meets the priority over an application of comparable merit that does not meet the priority (34 CFR 75.105(c)(2)(ii)). Invitational priority: Under an invitational priority, we are particularly interested in applications that meet the priority. However, we do not give an application that meets the priority a preference over other applications (34 CFR 75.105(c)(1)). Final Priority: We will announce the final priority in a notice in the Federal Register. We will determine the final priority after considering responses to this notice and other information available to the Department. This notice does not preclude us from proposing additional priorities, requirements, definitions, or selection criteria, subject to meeting applicable rulemaking requirements. Note: This notice does not solicit applications. In any year in which we choose to use this priority, we invite applications through a notice in the Federal Register. Executive Order 12866: This notice has been reviewed in accordance with Executive Order 12866. Under the terms of the order, we have assessed the potential costs and benefits of this regulatory action. The potential costs associated with this proposed regulatory action are those resulting from statutory requirements and those we have determined as necessary for administering this program effectively and efficiently. PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 In assessing the potential costs and benefits—both quantitative and qualitative—of this proposed regulatory action, we have determined that the benefits of the proposed priority justify the costs. Discussion of costs and benefits: The benefits of the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Programs have been well established over the years in that similar projects have been completed successfully. This proposed priority will generate new knowledge through research and development. Another benefit of this proposed priority is that the establishment of a new DRRP will improve the lives of individuals with disabilities. The new DRRP will generate, disseminate, and promote the use of new information that will improve the options for individuals with disabilities to perform regular activities in the community. Intergovernmental Review This program is not subject to Executive Order 12372 and the regulations in 34 CFR part 79. Accessible Format: Individuals with disabilities can obtain this document in an accessible format (e.g., braille, large print, audiotape, or computer diskette) on request to the contact person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. Electronic Access to This Document: You can view this document, as well as all other documents of this Department published in the Federal Register, in text or Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news/ fedregister. To use PDF you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available free at this site. Note: The official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations is available on GPO Access at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/nara/ index.html. Dated: December 10, 2009. Alexa Posny, Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services. [FR Doc. E9–29809 Filed 12–14–09; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4000–01–P E:\FR\FM\15DEN1.SGM 15DEN1
[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 239 (Tuesday, December 15, 2009)]
National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research
(NIDRR)--Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers
Program--Disability Rehabilitation Research Project (DRRP)--Reducing
Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Health Conditions Among
Adolescents and Young Adults With Disabilities From Diverse Race and
Ethnic Backgrounds
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) Number: 84.133A-7.
AGENCY: Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,
Department of Education.
ACTION: Notice of proposed priority for a DRRP.
SUMMARY: The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and
Rehabilitative Services proposes a priority for the Disability and
Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program administered by
NIDRR. Specifically, this notice proposes a priority for a DRRP. The
Assistant Secretary may use this priority for a competition in fiscal
year (FY) 2010 and later years. We take this action to focus research
attention on areas of national need. We intend this priority to improve
rehabilitation services and outcomes for individuals with disabilities.
DATES: We must receive your comments on or before January 14, 2010.
ADDRESSES: Address all comments about this proposed priority to Donna
Nangle, U.S. Department of Education, 400 Maryland Avenue, SW., Room
6029, Potomac Center Plaza (PCP), Washington, DC 20202-2700.
If you prefer to send your comments by e-mail, use the following
address: donna.nangle@ed.gov. You must include the term ``Proposed
Priority for a DRRP on Reducing Obesity'' in the subject line of your
electronic message.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Donna Nangle. Telephone: (202) 245-
7462 or by e-mail: donna.nangle@ed.gov.
If you use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD), call the
Federal Relay Service (FRS), toll free, at 1-800-877-8339.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This notice of proposed priority is in
concert with NIDRR's Final Long-Range Plan for FY 2005-2009 (Plan). The
Plan, which was published in the Federal Register on February 15, 2006
(71 FR 8165), can be accessed on the Internet at the following site:
http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osers/nidrr/policy.html.
Through the implementation of the Plan, NIDRR seeks to: (1) Improve
the quality and utility of disability and rehabilitation research; (2)
foster an exchange of expertise, information, and training to
facilitate the advancement of knowledge and understanding of the unique
needs of traditionally underserved populations; (3) determine best
strategies and programs to improve rehabilitation outcomes for
underserved populations; (4) identify research gaps; (5) identify
mechanisms of integrating research and practice; and (6) disseminate
findings.
This notice proposes a priority that NIDRR intends to use for DRRP
competitions in FY 2010 and possibly later years. However, nothing
precludes NIDRR from publishing additional priorities, if needed.
Furthermore, NIDRR is under no obligation to make an award for this
priority. The decision to make an award will be based on the quality of
applications received and available funding.
Invitation to Comment: We invite you to submit comments regarding
this proposed priority. To ensure that your comments have maximum
effect in developing the notice of final priority, we urge you to
identify clearly the specific topic that each comment addresses.
We invite you to assist us in complying with the specific
requirements of Executive Order 12866 and its overall requirement of
reducing regulatory burden that might result from this proposed
priority. Please let us know of any further ways we could reduce
potential costs or increase potential benefits while preserving the
effective and efficient administration of the program.
During and after the comment period, you may inspect all public
comments about this proposed priority in room 6029, 550 12th Street,
SW., Potomac Center Plaza, Washington, DC, between the hours of 8:30
a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Washington, DC, time, Monday through Friday of each
week except Federal holidays.
Assistance to Individuals with Disabilities in Reviewing the
Rulemaking Record: On request we will provide an appropriate
accommodation or auxiliary aid to an individual with a disability who
needs assistance to review the comments or other documents in the
public rulemaking record for this notice. If you want to schedule an
appointment for this type of accommodation or auxiliary aid, please
contact the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Purpose of Program: The purpose of the Disability and
Rehabilitation Research Projects and Centers Program is to plan and
conduct research, demonstration projects, training, and related
activities, including international activities, to develop methods,
procedures, and rehabilitation technology, that maximize the full
inclusion and integration into society, employment, independent living,
family support, and economic and social self-sufficiency of individuals
with disabilities, especially individuals with the most severe
disabilities, and to improve the effectiveness of services authorized
under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended.
Program Authority: 29 U.S.C. 762(g) and 764(a).
Applicable Program Regulations: 34 CFR part 350.
Proposed Priority:
This notice contains one proposed priority.
Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary Conditions Among
Ethnic Backgrounds.
Background: Obesity continues to be a major public health concern
in the United States (U.S.). Overall, the prevalence of obesity in the
U.S. doubled among adults between 1980 and 2004. More than a third of
adults in the U.S. meet the criteria for obesity (Ogden, et al., 2007).
Rates of obesity also increased among children and adolescents from 11
to 17 percent during roughly the same time period (Ogden, et al.,
Recent epidemiological studies indicate significant differences in
obesity rates among individuals with and without disabilities (Altman &
Bernstein, 2008; Rimmer, Rowland, & Yamaki, 2007; Rimmer & Rowland,
2008a). Approximately one-third of all adults with disabilities were
obese compared with only 19 percent of adults without disabilities
(Altman & Bernstein, 2008). Children and adolescents with disabilities
are also more likely than their non-disabled counterparts to be
classified as being overweight. Approximately 30 percent of children
between the ages of 6 and 18 who have limitations in walking, crawling,
running, and playing are overweight, compared to about 16 percent of
children in the same age group who do not have those limitations
(Bandini, et al., 2005).
There are also significant and well-documented disparities in
obesity prevalence based on race and ethnicity (Altman & Bernstein,
2008; Steinmetz, 2006). For example, in general, a greater percentage
of non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-Americans of all ages are obese
compared to non-Hispanic whites (Ogden, et al., 2006).
Despite these documented disparities in obesity prevalence between
individuals with and without disabilities, and by race and ethnicity,
only a few national studies have examined variations in obesity by the
intersection of both disability and minority group status. According to
these studies, adults with both disability and race/ethnic minority
status have significantly higher rates of obesity compared to
individuals with disability or minority group status only, and compared
to those with neither disability nor minority status (Jones & Sinclair,
2008). However, none of these studies report data specifically for the
cohort of transition-age adolescents and young adults, approximately 15
to 25 years of age. New analyses of extant data are needed to determine
whether the patterns that exist for adults similarly exist for
adolescents and young adults who have disabilities and are from diverse
race/ethnic backgrounds. Filling this knowledge gap, as well as
identifying other risk factors for obesity in this population, will
allow services and interventions to be targeted to youth with
disabilities who are most at risk of obesity or overweight status.
Targeting such services and interventions is critical for these
adolescents and young adults, as obesity and overweight status
generally continue into adulthood where they can restrict health-
enhancing activities and jeopardize opportunities for community
participation and employment (Rimmer, Rowland, & Yamaki, 2007).
Obesity and overweight status can also have serious health
consequences for adolescents and adults with disabilities because they
can be precursors to secondary conditions that can complicate treatment
of the original disabling condition and undermine functional abilities
(Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a; Kinne, Patrick, & Doyle, 2004). Secondary
conditions consist of additional physical or mental health
conditions that are directly or indirectly related to the primary
impairment, and are generally considered preventable (IOM, 2007).
Although numerous studies have examined the secondary conditions
experienced by adults with disabilities (Kinne et al., 2004; Drum et
al., 2005; Rimmer, Rowland & Yamaki, 2007), new research is needed to
identify the obesity-related secondary conditions that are most
commonly experienced by adolescents and young adults with disabilities,
especially those from minority race/ethnic backgrounds. New research on
this target population is also needed to highlight variations in risk
factors for obesity and obesity-related secondary conditions.
To date, NIDRR's investments in this area have increased awareness
of the disparities in obesity and obesity-related secondary conditions
between adolescents and adults with and without disabilities (Rimmer,
Rowland & Yamaki, 2007; Rimmer & Rowland, 2008b). NIDRR-sponsored
researchers have also piloted a new screening tool based on total body
fat instead of body mass index (BMI), that more accurately identifies
obesity and overweight status (Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a; Rimmer, 2008).
The work to be conducted by the DRRP under this priority will build
upon these earlier studies by providing more detailed information about
the prevalence of obesity, the risk factors for obesity, and the
obesity-related secondary conditions that are commonly experienced by
adolescents with disabilities from minority race/ethnic backgrounds.
The majority of obesity intervention studies that exist were
conducted in controlled, rather than community-based, settings where
most or all of the common barriers to participation in health-promoting
activities were eliminated (Rimmer & Rowland, 2008a). However, the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 provided $650 million to
the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), ``to carry out evidence-based
clinical and community-based prevention and wellness strategies
authorized by the Public Health Service Act that deliver specific,
measurable health outcomes that address chronic disease rates.'' The
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has developed an
initiative in response to the Act. The goal of this initiative--
Communities Putting Prevention to Work--is to reduce risk factors and
prevent/delay chronic disease and promote wellness in both children and
adults. It is not clear to what extent models or practices being
implemented by projects such as these have implications for individuals
with disabilities. Adequate research is not available related to this
New research is needed to identify promising, community-based
strategies that are culturally competent and have potential to be
effective in reducing obesity and obesity-related secondary conditions
among adolescents and young adults with disabilities from minority
race/ethnic backgrounds.
Altman, B. & Bernstein, A. (2008). Disability and health in the United
States, 2001-2005. Hyattsville, MD., National Center for Health
Bandini, L.G., Curtin, C., Hamad, C., Tybor, D.J., & Must, A. (2005).
Prevalence of overweight in children with developmental disorders in
the continuous national health and nutrition examination survey
(NHANES) 1999-2002. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 738-743.
Drum, C.E., Krahn, G., Culley, C., & Hammond, L. (2005). Recognizing
and responding to the health disparities of people with disabilities.
Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 3(3), 29-42.
Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2007). The Future of Disability in
America. Chapter 5, Secondary Conditions and Aging with Disability.
Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Jones, G.C. & Sinclair, L.B. (2008). Multiple health disparities among
minority adults with mobility limitations: An application of the ICF
framework and codes. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(12-13), 901-915.
Kinne, S., Patrick, D.L., & Doyle, D.L. (2004). Prevalence of Health
Disparities among People with Disabilities. American Journal of Public
Health, 94(3), 443-445.
Ogden, C.L., Carroll, M.D., McDowell, M.A., & Flegal, K.M. (2007).
Obesity among adults in the United States--no change since 2003-2004.
NCHS Data Brief No. 1. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health
Ogden C.L., Carroll, M.D., Curtin, L.R., McDowell, M.A., Tabak, C.J., &
Flegal, K.M. (2006). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United
States, 1999-2004. JAMA 295(13), 1549-1555. Retrieved from
www.jama.com.
Rimmer, J.H., Rowland, J.L., & Yamaki, K. (2007). Obesity and Secondary
Conditions in Adolescents with Disabilities: Addressing the Needs of an
Underserved Population. Journal of Adolescent Health; 41, 224-229.
Rimmer, J.H. & Rowland, J.L. (2008a). Health promotion for people with
disabilities: Implications for empowering the person and promoting
disability-friendly environments. American Journal of Lifestyle
Medicine; 2, 409-420, originally published by Sage online May 22, 2008.
Retrieved from http://aji.sagepub.com.
Rimmer, J.H. & Rowland, J.L. (2008b). Physical Activity for youth with
disabilities: A critical need in an underserved population.
Developmental Neurorehabilitation, April-June, 11(2), 141-148.
Rimmer, J.H. (2008). Promoting inclusive physical activity communities
for people with disabilities. President's Council on Physical Fitness
and Sports, Research Digest, June/July; Series 9(2).
Steinmetz, E. (2004). Americans with Disabilities: 2002. Current
Population Reports, P70-107, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
Thorpe, K.E., Florence, C.S., Howard, D.H., and Joski, P. (2004). The
Impact of Obesity on the Rise in Medical Spending. Health Affairs,
July-December (suppl. web excl.), W4-480-86.
Wolf, A.M., Manson, J.E., Colditz, G.A. (2002). The Economic Impact of
Overweight, Obesity and Weight Loss. In: Eckel, R (Editor). Obesity:
Mechanisms and Clinical Management. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
The Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative
Services proposes a priority for a Disability Rehabilitation Research
Project (DRRP) on Reducing Obesity and Obesity-Related Secondary
Conditions among Adolescents and Young Adults with Disabilities from
Diverse Race and Ethnic Backgrounds. The DRRP must build upon the
current research literature on obesity and secondary conditions and
examine existing community-based obesity prevention programs such as
the programs being implemented by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
in order to determine whether practices they are implementing hold
promise for individuals with disabilities, what modifications to these
practices may be necessary, and how individuals with disabilities might
be incorporated into community-based programs serving the wider
community. Applicants must identify the specific sub-populations of
adolescents and young adults they
propose to study by type of disability (e.g., physical, sensory,
mental) and by race/ethnic background. Under this priority, NIDRR is
interested in obesity as a condition that is experienced concomitantly
with other disabling conditions, but not as a primary disabling
condition. When identifying the specific sub-populations by race/ethnic
background, the DRRP must select from three or more of the following
categories: non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, American Indians
or Alaskan Natives, Asians or Pacific Islanders, and individuals of
Hispanic origin.
Under this priority, the DRRP must be designed to contribute to the
following outcomes:
(a) Enhanced understanding of the risk factors and health
consequences of obesity and overweight status for adolescents and young
adults with pre-existing disabilities from diverse race/ethnic
backgrounds. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by conducting
analyses of extant data sources to identify variations in rates of
obesity and overweight status by race/ethnicity and other risk factors
among adolescents and young adults with disabilities approximately 15
to 25 years of age, as well as variations in obesity-related secondary
(b) New knowledge of promising, community-based and culturally
competent practices for reducing obesity and obesity-related secondary
conditions among adolescents and young adults with pre-existing
disabilities. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by conducting
research to identify the key elements of culturally competent,
community-based strategies and programs that show promise toward
reducing obesity and overweight status for the specific target
populations selected. The DRRP's work in this area is intended to
identify potential interventions that can be tested and implemented in
the future in community-based settings. Applicants must propose, in
their applications, the specific criteria and methods they will use to
identify culturally competent and promising community-based strategies
and programs.
(c) Increased translation of research findings into practice or
policy. The DRRP must contribute to this outcome by:
(1) Collaborating with stakeholder groups (e.g., youth and young
adults with disabilities, families, family surrogates, rehabilitation
professionals, and public health professionals) to develop, evaluate,
or implement strategies to increase utilization of the DRRP's research
findings in programs targeted to youth with disabilities; and
(2) Coordinating with existing programs such as those being
implemented by the CDC to obtain and share information regarding the
applicability of promising practices for individuals with disabilities.
(2) Conducting dissemination activities to increase utilization of
the DRRP's research findings.
Types of Priorities:
When inviting applications for a competition using one or more
priorities, we designate the type of each priority as absolute,
competitive preference, or invitational through a notice in the Federal
Register. The effect of each type of priority follows:
Absolute priority: Under an absolute priority, we consider only
applications that meet the priority (34 CFR 75.105(c)(3)).
Competitive preference priority: Under a competitive preference
priority, we give competitive preference to an application by (1)
awarding additional points, depending on the extent to which the
application meets the priority (34 CFR 75.105(c)(2)(i)); or (2)
selecting an application that meets the priority over an application of
comparable merit that does not meet the priority (34 CFR
75.105(c)(2)(ii)).
Invitational priority: Under an invitational priority, we are
particularly interested in applications that meet the priority.
However, we do not give an application that meets the priority a
preference over other applications (34 CFR 75.105(c)(1)).
Final Priority: We will announce the final priority in a notice in
the Federal Register. We will determine the final priority after
considering responses to this notice and other information available to
the Department. This notice does not preclude us from proposing
additional priorities, requirements, definitions, or selection
criteria, subject to meeting applicable rulemaking requirements.
Note: This notice does not solicit applications. In any year in
which we choose to use this priority, we invite applications through
a notice in the Federal Register.
Executive Order 12866: This notice has been reviewed in accordance
with Executive Order 12866. Under the terms of the order, we have
assessed the potential costs and benefits of this regulatory action.
The potential costs associated with this proposed regulatory action
are those resulting from statutory requirements and those we have
determined as necessary for administering this program effectively and
efficiently.
In assessing the potential costs and benefits--both quantitative
and qualitative--of this proposed regulatory action, we have determined
that the benefits of the proposed priority justify the costs.
Discussion of costs and benefits:
The benefits of the Disability and Rehabilitation Research Projects
and Centers Programs have been well established over the years in that
similar projects have been completed successfully. This proposed
priority will generate new knowledge through research and development.
Another benefit of this proposed priority is that the establishment of
a new DRRP will improve the lives of individuals with disabilities. The
new DRRP will generate, disseminate, and promote the use of new
information that will improve the options for individuals with
disabilities to perform regular activities in the community.
Intergovernmental Review
This program is not subject to Executive Order 12372 and the
regulations in 34 CFR part 79.
Accessible Format: Individuals with disabilities can obtain this
document in an accessible format (e.g., braille, large print,
audiotape, or computer diskette) on request to the contact person
listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
Electronic Access to This Document: You can view this document, as
well as all other documents of this Department published in the Federal
Register, in text or Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the
Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news/fedregister.
To use PDF you must have Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available
free at this site.
Note:  The official version of this document is the document
published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the
official edition of the Federal Register and the Code of Federal
Regulations is available on GPO Access at: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/nara/index.html.
Dated: December 10, 2009.
Alexa Posny,
Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.
[FR Doc. E9-29809 Filed 12-14-09; 8:45 am]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Education in India is not as expensive as it is in the US . Four years of engineering college and two years of MBA together cost about $5K including food, travel, hostel and so on . My parents picked up that tab and within my first year of getting a job, I repaid them (They didn't ask for it ). I got my first job from my MBA campus – and became a consultant in Tata Consultancy Services .
I have always been startled to see how much of a burden the students who take degrees from US carried on their backs as student loans . Most of them have at least $30K loans after under grad and many have $100K+ loans after MBA from a good school . There are very few who get full scholarships and even fewer cases where parents pay for education like back in India in my college days . It takes a very heavy toll on these kids to repay those loans .
To begin with – I never quite understood the rationale behind taking a big loan for a liberal arts degree , especially out of state , given the low demand in employment market . But then – people are free to take their decisions and live with the consequences . I have occasionally seen liberal arts graduates transition into fields like IT later in life , and some are great entrepreneurs . So probably there is a way to make it work .
Which leads me to think – is there a real value in a college degree anymore ?
Sure there is the fun aspect of hanging out with other students and the drinking games and so on . But that fun is negated by the first few years after college with a loan to repay . It can be argued that such fun could be had slightly later in life when you earn a salary or make money from a business .
Looking back – college did not teach me much . My first job was as a programmer – my mechanical engineering classes and financial management classes did not help me directly in writing C and ABAP code . Sure there were occasional indirect benefits like understanding finance theory helping write better code for financial users etc . But there were programmers without that background who also were able to learn it on the job .
Did my MBA help much ? Maybe it did later in my career – after I had a few promotions etc . MBA certainly did not directly help me get any of my promotions either . It is possible that if I took an MBA half way through my career , instead of getting it at the beginning – it would have helped more . But I also think that my career would not have progressed as fast as it did if I took a two year break in between at middle management levels to go back to school . So if I could go back in time – I would have not done my MBA and instead would have started working full time two years sooner .
Without a doubt – everything that helps me in my career today are things that real projects and real customers have taught me . Neither my engineering school nor B school gave me skills to even write a good status report at work .
I probably would still have done my engineering college if I could time travel back to 90s – but that is not because the course work helped me , but only because a 4 year engineering degree was minimal requirement to get a good entry level IT job back in 90s in India . That is not the case today – I have seen plenty of people who can code well get very good jobs without any formal education .
Talking about India in particular – thee is something rather stupid about hiring policies . If IT demand is so high and every branch of engineering sends its grads to IT jobs for the most part, why do they keep churning out as many mechanical and civil and electrical engineers instead of computer science engineers ? Why doesn't demand and supply match ? It's a lot less expensive to set up a computer lab than the type of labs traditional engineering needs . And why is it that there is demand mostly for engineers ? Why can't commerce grads and economics grads learn to code like mechanical engineers do in the first year of their jobs ? I hope the scene has changed in India . Oh before I leave the specific topic of IT in India – why on earth do employees of some companies have to wear a tie to work every day in the hot and humid weather ? Their counterparts in other countries rarely wear a tie and most customers don't wear a tie . What exactly is the point that their employers are trying to make ?
With broadband access not being an issue unlike when I was in college – there are a lot more options to get a degree at a lower cost today , if getting a degree is a big deal for you .
So is there any reason at all to go to college that I consider a positive ?
1. The network you build . The relationships you establish at college will open doors for you for the rest of your life . That alone might make it worthwhile to bear the burden of a hefty college loan . But remember – that network needs work to build and sustain . Just being in a college doesn't always lead to a good network .
2. Getting the first corporate job . There are plenty of companies who think a college campus is a great place to find entry level talent . So if you choose to go to college – it would help to put the energy into doing everything that would attract the employers who hire from there . This also means that if no one is hiring from there – spend the loan money at another college .
I am not basing this on my own case either – I am also thinking about my experience hiring people over the years . While I admit that a big name college on a CV catches my attention when I do my preliminary reviews – I have never given it a lot of weightage in my final hiring decisions . I put more trust in what they have done in their last jobs and how well their references check out . As far as I can remember , no employer has asked me about my degree or college after my first job interview .
2. If coding is not your thing – learn something else around computers like networking . Or get a non IT job and come back to IT as a domain expert .
4. Once you code well, get your presence felt in open source communities . Contribute code – and choose a license that works in your interests .
5. The moment you get your first job – do all you can to increase skill levels and start aiming for next level . Get a mentor or two the soonest you can – without that it is hard to know what "next level" even means . Every chance you get , do non-IT things like sales and presales and so on . Breadth matters as much if not more than depth.
6. Learn about how companies are formed and decide if you want to start your own at some point . If you have money to spare for an MBA – consider investing it first in your own venture , or in someone else's before giving it to a business school . If you make it to the top few B schools – by all means go for it and it will probably help you . But for everything else – think really hard before spending that money .
PS : When I chose mechanical engineering to graduate in , the ONLY reason was that my dad was a mechanical engineer . If you go to college, and need to take a loan to do so – I really hope you have a better reason .
PPS : Unlike my dad who is a terrific engineer , I did not pick up any useful skills in my engineering college . I did pass in the top % of my class though . However , I am proud that one of my class mates from school is a lead engineer for India's successful Mars Mission . Moral – it is a great university that I went to , I just did not choose my major wisely . I hope you folks choose more wisely .
If College education is improved by ways of current curriculum and practical industry training is done concurrently, students would learn more. A 4 year Engineering could be made 5 year course with students spending 5-6 months per annum in industry doing a variety of assignments.
Also Corporates shall be encouraged to set-up Universities/Colleges and this would introduce healthy competition (atleast in India).
Continuous skill upgrade and new learning is equally important which needs urgent attention.
Hi Vijay – Your thoughts took me back to my uninteresting educational years. The education model is changing with options to a broader education (online courses, home education etc) – similar to the model that existed before the industrial revolution (when the need for assembly line workers resulted in schools with fixed syllabus). Students today have a lot more access to technology and infrastructure.
1) Foundation : College education helps one build a strong foundation. This foundation is very critical later on to be able to adapt changes in both career & personal life.
2) Expectations from life: Earning 6 figure salary may be possible with 12 weeks training program for a teenager. Wouldn't this lead the teenager to believe that life is easy , making money is not difficult? Is that right? Contrast this with the life she would be leading had she decided to attend college.
3) Lack of options: Let us assume few years later she believes she had enough in programming & wants to switch her career. With college degree, she probably will have a better idea/options to switch to another career. Without degree, she probably may need to attend college to be eligible for more options. Otherwise her options may be limited.
4) Friendship: Spending 4 years together in college campus is lot different from working together for 4 years. Linkedin, networking etc is different from college level connections.
5) When going gets tough: Would one without a college degree be tough enough to get going?
6) Knowledge: Computer science graduate would most likely write a better program than a person who attended 12 weeks training program. Writing programs to meet immediate business requirements is not that difficult(Cut/paste). But writing quality programs for mid to long term requirements require in depth knowledge of several aspects which even if explained, the one without a college degree may not comprehend. This would be a challenge.
7) College life: Last but not the least, kids should experience college life. That's worth more than millions of dollars in my opinion. That life – without corporate influence – is noble.
By the way, one of my kids just graduated from out of state private college; second kid sophomore in out of state private college. I spent lot of money for them to graduate but I don't have any regrets. I'm very glad, my family is glad & my kids are very happy. My son, instead of starting his job right after college, decided to take 3 months time off, he went on Europe tour for 15 days with his friends. I supported that ;he probably learned a lot more about life in 15 days than had he decided to work.
LinkedIn for me was only one example that toady with positive engagement in community you have so many more ways to make yourself a name, that were not available when they did the study. Therefore the "you go to ivy league school for the network" fell flat on its face 20 years ago and the world has shifted even further away from that perceived advantage.
Nah – that is just a social media theory which I am pretty sure doesn't hold true in real life . how many doors at McKinsey or Goldman Sachs or GE will open through social media channels compared to alumni connections ?
This study has been done years ago. With social media like LinkedIn you can develop your network much much easier these days.
College is a crude way to certify your work qualifications. Today you have many other ways to proof that.
98% placement rate and $100K average salary after school.
Cost? Nothing up front, 18% of your first year salary.
When your school friends finish their 4 year degree and have on average $30K debt you will have almost 4 years of work experience as well as made almost $400k.
Talking about laughing all the way to the bank.
If that trend holds, the social stigma of not having gone to college will fade away too.
Vijay, great blog something I always wanted to write and speak about. But, I learned something recently that explains it better – Indian boys are not finding girls to marry without Master's degree in the arranged marriage world !
Today at campus interviews in colleges we have to pay huge premiums to hire computer science students compared to Non CS students but I still see parents tell their kids to take Non CS because programming could be learned on the side. Then they advice kids that they should pursue masters even though they are in hot career fields like BI & Analytics. So, parents don't always think in the best interests of the kids simply because they are disconnected with reality.
interesting perspective on India – I did not realize that.
I think back home in India we tend not to focus on Point 5 and 6. But i guess the trend is changing nowadays …. Very nice yet very subjective topic.


…I wish it would, for a second, so I could catch up. I don't understand how people with busy schedules ever have any time to blog. The last week was a bit of a blur—skiing and computer fixing and reorganization in New Hampshire and Boston, visiting family, my PowerBook display dying again (dropped off at the Computer Loft last Tuesday, haven't heard back yet), staying with friends in Virginia (who were incredibly nice and hospitable in putting me up for five days), going to PyCon and meeting lots of people for the first time (though not taking the best advantage of the opportunities I had), wandering around DC, eating a lot of good food (the pie at PyCon was excellent, and we went out to a series of great restaurants for dinner; Yijia and I cooked dinner one night, too, which was quite tasty), seeing the first movie I've seen in a theater in months (Hotel Rwanda, a bit depressing but well done), watching the end of the Illinois-Arizona game last night (not that I normally watch basketball or TV in general, but that was incredible), and celebrating my birthday (thanks Brent!). I just got home a few hours ago, barely missing Steve, who flew out to California to interview. My checked bag (containing clothing and some miscellaneous stuff like my camera's AC adapter) made it to Chicago but not to Bloomington.
I had a bit of a sore throat on the IAD–ORD flight, and have had a runny nose for a few days; hope it's just allergies and I'm not getting sick again. At the architecture seminar, on Friday, my advisor is reprising his CGO presentation and I'm presenting our recent work; got a lot of work to do to prepare. It's supposed to be warmer this week, and assuming I'm not sick tomorrow, I'll start back at Kuk Sool although my left knee isn't entirely recovered. Getting back on my bike is probably out, though.
For the moment, the preceding few run-on sentences will have to do; I have so much I would love to write about (and code on, and experiment with), but I'm tired and have given up hope that United will be delivering my bag tonight. Good night.
Last week I expressed my wish it were easier to post screenshots in Flickr with 1001. Today, I saw Bill Bumgarner's pdf2png script which did a big chunk of what I needed, and did something about finishing the rest.
Download 1001Screenshot 1.0 (sorry, no fancy icon). Open the application; you're now in the window-selection mode as if you hit command-shift-4, space. Click a window, or hit the space bar and drag over a region. In a few seconds, you should see a "Screenshot 1" PNG file on your desktop and 1001 will open with the image added to the upload window.
Needless to say, I'll be posting more screenshots in the future now it's so easy to do so.
The script's a bit ugly; more of it could have been written in Python if I had wrapped some bits of Carbon/CF that weren't wrapped (FNNotify and LSOpenFrom*Spec); instead, I just use osascript to talk to the Finder and an embedded copy of launch to open 1001. Thanks as usual to py2app for making packaging Python apps trivial on the Mac; no thanks to the appscript installer for breaking permissions everywhere it touched.


Description This image is a colorized photograph showing the Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn, Ala.) library at night. Alabama Polytechnic Institute is the former name of Auburn University. This building was renamed Mary Martin Hall for former university librarian Mary Martin and converted to offices and classrooms following the construction of a new, larger library. Postcard folder text: (back) Souvenir folder of Auburn, Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, Ala.


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Chapter 11 Bwv 32
Chapter 11 BWV 32 Liebster Jesu, mein Verlangen
Dear Jesus, my foremost wish.
Aria (sop)–recit (bass)–aria (bass)–recit (sop/bass)–duet (sop/bass)–chorale.
For the first Sunday after Epiphany.
The first question which springs to mind is, why was no new cantata written for Epiphany in 1726? Bach composed them for the first two Leipzig cycles (Cs 65 and 123) but not, apparently, for the third. Has it been lost? Did he use a cantata by another composer as he was to do on several occasions later in this cycle? This would seem on the face of it to be highly unlikely. Epiphany, celebrated on January 6th, was a most significant date in the Lutheran church year signifying, as it did the revelation of Jesus through the Magi and it would seem odd for Bach to use a work by someone else. He certainly retained the responsibility of providing new works for the Christmas and New Year season as well as for the less important Sundays following Epiphany. Furthermore, Epiphany fell on a Sunday in 1726, a fact that might signify that music intended for its celebration would assume especial significance.
We have no answers to these questions. Perhaps Bach resurrected one of the earlier cantatas, although after the first cycle this was not his normal practice for significant events. As it is, we can only do what he may have done himself, which is to look back over the earlier works for the day of Epiphany and thence proceed to C 32, newly composed for the following week′s services.
In comparing this work with others also written for this first day, C 154 (vol 1, chapter 36 ) and 124 (vol 2, chapter 34), we might begin by noting that it is yet another of the third cycle cantatas which employs the choir only for the chorale. This decision was almost certainly related more to textual than to practical matters, this being the second 'dialogue' cantata of the cycle. The work is principally concerned only with Jesus and the Soul and consequently it is a personal rather than a public declaration of faith within the context of the spiritual journey.
C 154 uses the chorus only for two chorales and it opens with a highly dramatic and deeply moving tenor aria of despair at the loss of Jesus. C 124 is a chorale cantata, the opening fantasia of which, a civilised minuet, could not be more strikingly contrasting. However, an echo of the tragic nature of 154 may be heard in the third movement, another tenor aria depicting the terror of death. An equivalent soul-searing event from C 32 may be found in the first movement, a soprano aria accompanied by strings with the most moving oboe obbligato.
What binds these three arias together (and consequently the cantatas themselves) is the theme of losing, or being separated from Jesus. In the tenor aria from 154 this is a terrifying, awesome prospect. In that from 124 the thought of the desolation of death without His presence is similarly appalling. The opening soprano aria from C 32 is truly bitter-sweet; the loneliness of separation is described but the ultimate embracing of Him and His protection is never really in doubt, as the later duet confirms.
The two voices, bass and soprano, are employed in the three arias and two recitatives, the bass representing Christ, and the soprano the Soul. The three other dialogue cantatas are the earlier C 57 and the later Cs 49 and 58. Further contextual comments on these works may be found in chapter 35 and in C 152 vol 1, chapter 68.
C 57 (vol 3, chapter 7) was composed for the second day after Christmas and comparisons are informative. Certainly, both works coming so close together in the cycle would seem to indicate Bach′s knowledge of, and presumably increasing interest in, contemporary styles of Italian opera at this time.
Both cantatas commence with an aria which is considerably less than joyful but while C 57 begins with the voice of Jesus, C 32 commences with the Soul—-where shall I find You?—-will I feel that You are apart from me?—let me embrace my true Shield. There is a clear implication of that sense of uncertainty and a lack of confidence which we also detected in the earlier work, but here reinforced by a broken vocal line which suggests sighs and unrest rather than despair.
Consequently this is not the cry of desolation that we find in the first aria from C 154. The soprano aria beginning C 32 encapsulates two main ideas, one of struggle in order to achieve the desire of finding and uniting with Jesus, the other a sense of euphoric contentment as one embraces Christ, a sanctuary and refuge against all cares.
The strings play a supporting accompaniment role, a three-note arpeggio figure gently stroking the two main melodic lines. The oboe obbligato is simply ravishing and within the eight bars of the ritornello two different ideas can clearly be heard. Firstly there is the sense of a striving effort and stretching upwards, thence the garlands of demi-semi-quavers suggestive of the all-encompassing protection emanating from the Haven of the Saviour.
'Striving' followed by 'encompassing' ideas (see bars 2 and 5).
This Soul seems to find its true place in the latter part of this aria whereas the Soul from C 57 was more tentative, appearing to need much more persuasion. Expressively this movement falls into two sections, the first (to bar 35) more concerned with the effort and striving towards the seat of salvation, and the second with the contentment acquired from this achievement (as expressed in the last two lines of the text). It is significant that the soprano line only takes up the wreathes of demi-semi-quavers in this latter section whilst the oboe has made use of them throughout.
Christ′s response is also different in the two cantatas. In the earlier aria he was coaxing and encouraging. In his first short secco recitative in C 32 he is direct and almost brusque—-why have you sought me out?—-are you not aware that I am tasked to be about the business of My Father? The quotation is, however, taken out of its biblical context which referred to Jesus, as a child, taken to the Passover. His reaction seems somewhat at odds with that of the later more mature, tolerant Saviour.
Bass aria.
But in His first aria He softens his initial approach, at least to a degree—-here in My Father′s house distressed Souls may find and unite with Me; and so, indeed, may you. The libretto has something of the attitude of a jaded parent or teacher: ′I have told you this before and you really should be well aware of it by now!′ There is, in fact, almost a suggestion of irritability about the violin obbligato ritornello theme. It begins calmly enough but very soon, triplets are interspersed with groups of even semi-quavers and occasional petulant double-stopped chords add a further element of tension.
Violin obbligato, opening bars.
It is interesting to note that the vocal line never takes up the triplet flow but confines itself to the more even rhythms of the violin′s opening four bars.
Of course it may also be that the violin line is intended to be suggestive of the distressed spirit in search of refuge, the vocal line conveying the strength and tranquility of Christ′s portrayal of His peaceful dwelling. Additionally, one cannot miss the minor-mode colourings in the melody and harmony on the several occasions when the words—-betrübter Geist—-troubled spirit—-are sung. Bach′s music is often so rich in meaning and imagery that several related ideas may be communicated simultaneously. It is often too simplistic to allot just the one possible interpretation to a particular musical event. The complexity and richness of meaning, like that embodied within the greatest poetry, attracts our attention, invokes our emotions and ensures our return.
But howsoever we interpret the musical metaphors of this long da capo movement, there can be little doubt of the effectiveness of Christ′s words.
Bass/soprano recitative.
The following recitative brings both characters together, although it is significant that at this point the one always follows the other. They never sing at the same time; for that we must wait until the final duet. Dialogue is taking place but true union has not yet been achieved.
The Soul begins by assuring the Lord that she will join Him in her search for protection and Christ responds that His home may only be entered when earthly irrelevancies are discarded. Both utterances are accompanied by sustained string chords and the minor-mode harmonies subtly suggest that these circumstances have not yet been fully achieved.
The Soul replies by praising the Lord′s dwelling place and affirming the joining of body and soul with the living God (from bar 8). Broken recitative has become mellifluous arioso and the string accompaniment changes to a gentle caressing of the soprano melody as if to encourage its movement along the proper pathway to heaven. The sustained chords later return, taking us positively into the major key of G as Jesus, thence the Soul, separately confirm their convictions of the peace to be found in the Dwelling of the Lord.
Bass/soprano aria.
The stage has now been fully set for a complete union of Christ and Soul. The journey towards this point has been less demanding than in C 57 where, we are reminded, there was no duet. There the initial uncertainties of the more tremulous Soul were only fully allayed with the closing chorale. In C 32, the Soul has been less concerned with the actuality of death and is consequently not as apprehensive; the journey has been shorter and less tortuous and Bach marks this with a duet of mutual adoration.
The oboe returns but its role is mainly supportive, a simplified version of the first violin line, doing little more than emphasising key melodic notes.
It is the violins that provide the main obbligato line, a melody that sweeps the listener along. This is, like the earlier bass solo, a conventional da capo aria, it being somewhat unusual to find two of them in the same cantata at this stage of Bach′s career.
The dancing ritornello theme is completely infectious. The main melodic substance of the entire movement is heard immediately, a semi-quaver figure on the first violins, the kernel notes of which are re-enforced by the oboe. Brief discussion of this idea leads us to the first main cadence (bars 4-5) after which we hear two bars of rapid upwards swirls on the violins. The return of the initial idea completes the ritornello, itself a ternary structure in microcosm.
It is very likely that Bach thought of the instruments as representing the two main protagonists of this little dramatic scene. If so, we might think of the swirling confident strings as depicting the enveloping personality of Christ and the loyally supportive, less complex but harmonically conjoined oboe part as that of the Soul. However, an typical point of Bachian subtlety is made by the nature of the contrapuntal relationship between the oboe and violin lines. They are not fully independent but interlocked e.g. the first twelve violin semiquavers are simply an adornment of the six oboe quavers, d, f#, f#, e, e and g. The suggestion is that whatever the Soul's misgivings may be, it and Jesus are, by nature, irretrievably bound together.
The two voices are to be found in four choral blocks (omitting, for the moment the da capo) the third and fourth of which comprise the traditional middle section. We will examine them in turn.
The voices enter imitatively, soprano leading bass, with their version of the first violin motive. They do no more than rejoice in the fact that sorrows and sufferings have now disappeared. Four bars of the ritornello follow.
The second vocal block (bass now leading, from bar 22) is extended but uses the same text. It is followed by a restatement of the full ritornello theme, leading to the middle section.
Here (from bar 47) the voices entwine together in counterpoint but have their own lines of text; Christ offers to embrace the Soul eternally and the Soul reflects the consequent joy and the banishment of sorrows. True union has been accomplished.
If we represent ritornello blocks as ′A′ and the vocal blocks as ′B′ the movement structure may be approximately described thus
A—B—A (shortened)—B (lengthened)—A FIRST SECTION
B—A (shortened)—B MIDDLE SECTION
A—B—A (shortened)—B (lengthened)— Da Capo OF FIRST SECTION.
One should notice the little touches of minor-mode colouring on the mention of the word Schmerz—-sorrow or suffering—-much as in the earlier bass aria.
But these tribulations have now been banished. Consequently they are here shaded with a much lighter touch, evoking only echoes from times now past, though not entirely forgotten.
Sources for this cantata are somewhat contradictory (Dürr p 190) and it, or at least parts of it, may well have been composed in Bach's Cöthen years. The chorale could have been added at a later stage when the ending of cantatas thus had become, for Bach, almost mandatory. It is a typically sturdy seventeenth century Lutheran melody, here expressing the universal wish to be allowed into heaven, as the journey of the Soul has demonstrated.
It has just the one surprise. Following several balanced symmetrical two-bar phrases the penultimate one catches us unawares with its unexpected extension to three bars. In order to make its point even more powerfully, Bach harmonises the last note with a C chord (IV of the key) instead of the more predictable G (chord I of the key). The text of this line is—-Wiederum umfang und liebe—-in return [for Your blessings] I will love and embrace You.
Our obligations to the Saviour form a most significant part of the message of this cantata and they are spelt out right at the end, words and music uniting so as to underline its significance.
Finally, it is worth noticing Bach's use of major and minor tonalities to underpin meaning and narrative throughout the work. The opening aria, with its clear sense of uncertainty is strongly minor as is Christ's first, terse response. But His aria is then major and the keystone movement (no 4) begins in the minor but journeys so as to end in the major which remains to dominate the duet and chorale. None of the latter's eight phrases cadence in minor modes and so there we conclude with no dark harmonic colourings.
LINK: http://www.bach-cantatas.com/BWV32.htm


The apartment was refurbished several years ago to a very high standard, creating a residence that emphasises comfort and elegance. The kitchen/dining room is finished with marble countertops and Miele appliances. Air conditioning runs throughout the apartment and the double width reception room with its high ceilings is flooded with natural light and also has the benefit of a balcony giving you views over Mayfair. Upstairs features 2 large bedrooms and a third informal reception room or bedroom.
The Master bedroom is a bright oversized room that benefits from a beautifully appointed bathroom. In total the property has 2 bathrooms and utility a room/ WC. Staying on the upper floor and through a doorway is the pièce de résistance, a private roof terrace, where one can unwind and enjoy the tranquil Mayfair skyline.


text:
Graham Names Trimmer VP of Finance
Frederick (Fred) R. Trimmer, CPA, has been named vice president of finance for Graham Architectural Products, a manufacturer of architectural window systems.
His responsibilities at Graham include head of accounting, finance, information systems and human resources. Trimmer reports directly to company president, Georges Thiret, and brings to Graham more than 13 years of public accounting experience, including nine years with Price Waterhouse in Philadelphia.He joins Graham from York International Corp., where he was corporate director, financial planning and analysis.
A central Pennsylvania native, Trimmer is married with three daughters and is a 1981 graduate in accounting at Franklin and Marshall College where he earned his CPA.


text:
FROM nginx:stable-alpine

RUN echo "This is custom image" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HPC services
Newsletters & brochures
Catalyst UK programme brings Arm-based HPC system to EPCC!
Earlier this year, HPE announced the Catalyst UK programme: a collaboration with Arm, SUSE and three UK universities to deploy one of the largest Arm-based high performance computing (HPC) installations in the world. EPCC was chosen as the site for one of these systems; the other two are the Universities of Bristol and Leicester.
EPCC's system (called 'Fulhame' after pioneering chemist Elizabeth Fulhame) was delivered and installed in early December. This HPE Apollo 70-based system consists of 64 compute nodes with two 32-core Cavium ThunderX2 processors (ie 4096 cores in total), 128GB of memory composed of 16 DDR4 DIMMs, and Mellanox InfiniBand interconnects. It will be made available to both industry and academia, with the aim to build applications that drive economic growth and productivity as outlined in the UK government's Industrial Strategy.
As part of the programme, EPCC will port the most heavily used ARCHER and Cirrus packages to the Catalyst system and make them available as modules, so that it's easy for users to explore the new platform.
Our initial focus will be on making as many applications available as possible. As documentation is a key component of driving adoption, we will create detailed build process documentation as part of our porting activities and contribute to the Arm HPC community on GitLab.
It is expected that the initial porting exercise will unearth issues (eg with compilers, libraries, or the network) and we will work closely with the vendors to resolve these. A handful of applications will be selected for in-depth optimisation - areas of particular interest are engineering, computational chemistry, and weather and ocean modelling, and these will be given priority. However it's not an exclusive club: industry, high-performance data analytics and machine learning applications are also welcome.
Catalyst training
In December, we ran a free PRACE Advanced Training Centre workshop that taught participants about the Catalyst system architecture and software stack, how to compile codes for Arm, as well as performance hints and tips. The course programme is available on the ARCHER website.
We are eagerly looking forward to exploring the potential of this Arm-based HPC system!
EPCC on Twitter EPCC on LinkedIn
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+44 (0) 131 650 5030 info@epcc.ed.ac.uk
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Watch: SpaceX just tested the Starship they say will take us to Mars
Alex Hollings | August 5, 2020
On Monday, SpaceX conducted a short test flight of a full sized prototype of the Starship they say will soon ferry Americans to Mars.
The Starship SN5 Test Vehicle flew for only about 40 seconds on Monday evening before touching back down to earth at SpaceX's South Texas facility. Short as the Starship's little hop may have been, it was a significant leap toward SpaceX founder Elon Musk's goal of mounting crewed missions to Mars.
Mars is looking real
— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) August 5, 2020
The SN5 Starship prototype isn't the first iteration of the Starship to reach take off. Last year, a smaller prototype vehicle called the Starhopper completed a handful of short flights, reaching as high as 500 feet on one launch before returning to the ground. While these short trips may not seem significant, they actually represent two of the most challenging parts of a any space mission: the take off, and the return to earth.
The Starship mirrors the landing capability of SpaceX's smaller and proven Falcon 9 rockets. The ability to land and re-use rocket stages has dramatically reduced the cost of orbital missions. The ship will eventually utilize an entire Falcon Heavy, the most powerful rocket in service anywhere on earth today, as it's first stage. The Falcon Heavy utilizes 31 individual Falcon 9 rockets for propulsion and boasts similar reusability.
SpaceX Falcon Heavy during launch (SpaceX)
The SpaceX Starship prototype is powered by a single Raptor engine, but will eventually be equipped with six of the advanced rocket engines, which in conjunction with its powerful first stage, will give the ship a total crew capacity of up to 100 people.
The combination of the Falcon Heavy with the Starship will make SpaceX's massive rocket entirely reusable, dramatically reducing the costs associated with long-duration space missions to the Moon or Mars. Importantly, the Falcon Heavy is the only rocket currently capable of making the long trip into lunar orbit with a crew onboard.
SpaceX is currently a strong contender for America's upcoming moon plans to place astronauts on the Lunar surface by the mid-2020s. Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has already booked a flight around the moon aboard Musk's Starship slated for 2023.
History Height-waiver Green Beret: Captain James Flaherty was a Special Forces legend
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On October 11, 2018, American astronaut and Air Force fighter pilot Nick Hague climbed aboard...
By: Alex Hollings | April 10, 2020
Steve Carell's 'SPACE FORCE' might be the summer binge-watch we need right now
The establishment of the U.S. Space Force as America's newest military branch didn't come without...
By: Alex Hollings | May 26, 2020
SpaceX/NASA launch scrubbed due to weather, rescheduled for Saturday
Update: Wednesday's Demo-2 launch has been postponed due to weather. The launch has been rescheduled...