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'I'll play whatever': Bama DB commit Malachi Moore eager to get started
Updated: Dec. 18, 2019, 5:49 p.m. | Published: Dec. 18, 2019, 3:11 p.m.
Hewitt-Trussville's Malachi Moore
By Josh Bean | jbean@al.com
Hewitt-Trussville defensive back and Alabama signee Malachi Moore played cornerback through most of his high school career before moving to safety as a senior.
So, where does he expect to play at Alabama – corner, safety or perhaps the hybrid star position that's essentially the Crimson Tide's slot corner?
"Right now, they told me I'll probably be at the safety position," he said, "but really, I'll play whatever position they need me to play – receiver, anything."
RELATED: Complete coverage of Alabama football
Moore plans to enroll at Alabama in January, in hopes of using spring practice to earn immediate playing time as a true freshman. He finished with 80 tackles and four interceptions as a senior, including two interceptions returned for touchdowns for the Huskies.
Moore headlined four signees at Hewitt-Trussville today, as defensive lineman Eric Taylor signed with LSU, receiver Dazalin Worsham signed with Miami, and offensive lineman Logan Self signed with Troy. Hewitt-Trussville coach Josh Floyd said the four scholarships – with tuition, room, board, food and books – total approximately $775,000 over a four-year period.
Mom cries at Jackson-Olin star signs with Bama
The 6-foot-5, 230-pound linebacker said he'd never seen his mother cry before today's ceremony at Jackson-Olin's campus in Ensley.
Each of the four spoke to several hundred parents, fans and teammates in the school's auditorium, and Moore's one-minute speech featured public thanks to family, coaches and trainers.
"Last but not least," he said in conclusion, "I'd like to thank Coach (Nick) Saban and the University of Alabama for blessing me with the opportunity to be a better person and a better student-athlete. Roll Tide!"
After today's ceremony, Moore took questions from reporters, and here's excerpts from the group interview:
Q: What's today been like for you and your family?
Moore: "Just blessed to be able to play at the next level, at the highest level."
Q: What are your expectations for playing at Alabama?
Moore: "Just come in and work hard and give it my all and soak up everything I can from the other guys."
Q: Do you have goals for your first season?
Moore: "Just learn as much as I can and definitely play. Just learn as much as I can in a short period of time and come in and make an impact."
Q: You have to love competition to ever sign with Alabama, right?
Moore: "That's what sold me on Alabama. They didn't promise anything or anything like that. I knew I would have to go in there and whatever I got, I earned it, so that's what drew me to Alabama."
RB Roydell Williams signs with 'dream' school
As a senior, the 5-foot-10, 208-pound Williams ran for 1,304 yards and 25 touchdowns on 188 carries while battling a hamstring injury for most the year.
It's @AlabamaFTBLDB signee @malachi_moore13 speaking at @HuskyFast signing day ceremony #alpreps @aldotcomTide @aldotcomPreps @Malachi_moore2 pic.twitter.com/ZHjaA5VN2c
— Josh Bean (@jbeanpoll) December 18, 2019


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After Search, how and why broadband internet and FibreTV is Google's next big thing
The Tech industry has until now been taken awash by Google's Augmented Reality(AR) based upcoming product — Google Glass which promises to revolutionize the way we search or view information in the real world. While we muse about the possibilities and the controversies that follow especially as far privacy is concerned about the Glass project, according to TheVerge, the search engine will be extending its fiber network to Austin Texas, bringing gigabit internet, television, and telephone service in the future. So far Google has limited Fiber to Kansas City, MO and Kansas City, KS, but no longer.
The company has since added Cartoon Network, CNN, TBS, and TNT to name a few among the over 160 channels on the list at a competitive price of $120 a month, which also includes gigabit internet — as such giving incumbents a run for their money.
The question that got me thinking was — why is Google so interested in a high speed internet connection which by the way other carriers are already offering and never gives up its attempts in the TV space despite its previous failures?
Google Fibre TV
Google wants to re-invent TV and sell Ads
The search engine's chairman, Eric Schmidt, has iterated that Google Fiber is "real business" and even plans to expand it.Given Google's strategic moves, it's not hard to see that Eric isn't joking; Not only does Google have its own Google TV platform much as it has struggled to gain plausible traction, it also now owns one of the largest cable box manufacturers — Motorola Mobility.
Now couple that with the fact that Google is an advertiser that would likely be comfortable selling video Ads for such a service, and it's also a content provider with its relatively new $100 million push to offer original programming on YouTube.
Google wants to control the whole [internet] user experience
Google understands that if its users are to get the best experience out of its products including instant search, YouTube, Google Hangouts, Google Drive among others, then they have to have the best internet experience on their devices. Today the Telecoms notoriously control the internet experience with their rather unpopular data caps.
Google Fibre network will deliver low cost high speed internet to homes
Telecoms have previously lost out to software service providers like Apple and Google with the advent of advanced mobile operating systems like Android and iOS and the concept of App Stores which were previously controlled or owned by specific carriers. It's possible that Google may make some Telecoms completely irrelevant when they lay out their own [fiber] network and establish complete relations with the end users.
Google is innovating itself beyond the information age
Until now, Google has dominated the information age as it's made the world's sea of information easily accessible to all through a slew of its innovative products. But beyond the information age, what's next? Well, no one knows, but as Stacey Higginbotham of Gigaom puts it, " we don't know exactly what we will need, but we will need connectivity.". She continues to say that for us to move beyond the information age we need to be able to take out ability to transfer information reliability and at low cost for granted. Fiber networks offering a gigabit allow us to take data caps, congested networks and service providers that don't want to lose their triple play revenue out of the equation.
It continues to be seen exactly what Google intends to do with its low cost Fiber network that its slowly, but surely rolling out in some parts of the US for now. But its no doubt that the search engine sees this investment as kernel of its very survival.
5 thoughts on "After Search, how and why broadband internet and FibreTV is Google's next big thing"
Stephen S. Musoke says:
Actually Google is not re-inventing itself… Google is a media company whose business is to sell ads. Being the best in Search to help people find things, being the first page everybody opens on their computer/smartphone/tablet/TV, and having the coolest video site (YouTube) are just additional ways of getting more eyeballs and maintaining the interest …
Everything Google does is about selling more personalized ads to the users to make more money … You the consumer are the product being sold
Sorry about "Do no Evil" but its all about you and clicking those ads …
Yello Jonathan says:
I couldn't agree with you any less. In a layman language…they are creating more surface area and space for their adverts…adverts to google equals money…Am seeing a you tube channel streaming with adds on the side!!!
However, all that said…I don't see africa in the plan…African must count for less than 5% of google market and no wonder the fibre plan has nothing that easily relates to africa
David Okwii says:
Jonathan, Google through Wazi Wifi initiative will roll out Wi-Fi across Nairobi and Mombasa in Kenya (http://memeburn.com/2012/11/google-backed-project-rolls-out-wi-fi-hotspots-in-major-kenyan-cities/) and i can bet there's definitely a fibre network backhauling those Wi-Fi hotspots.
Jemimah says:
Bell and Videotron in Canada are already offering these bundled services. Somehow Google should have a secret to bit them at it. Cost is definitely a good strategy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One startling fact about drug rehab is that few people, substance abusers and their loved ones included, have an understanding of what actually takes place inside rehab walls. While the American public seems to accept that rehab is the most appropriate response for substance abuse treatment, little is known about treatment.
The 12-Step model is very popular. Most rehabs base the psychotherapy component of their programs on the 12-Step program used by Alcoholics Anonymous.
Finances typically determine the length of stay. Thirty days is not a scientific number for recovery.2 Some substance abusers and addicts require treatment for months and years. Unfortunately, insurance coverage and finances often determine the length of intensive treatment.
Rehab programs are almost as varied as the people who enter them. Since recovery services are not standardized, it is critical thatanyone seeking treatment — whether for yourself or for a loved one —get as much information as you can beforechoosing a treatment program. The reality is that many people ask more questions when shopping for a phone than they do when selecting a drug treatment program.Ask a lot of questions. No question is off limits. Treatment professionals want to help.
But first things first: When you have a loved one who needs addiction treatment, it is crucial to consider strategies to get the substance abuser to enroll in a program. And to know what the options are, should your loved onerefuse to get help.
Forced admission to an addiction treatment center comes down to balancingyour addicted loved one's liberties against his or her and the public's safety.The process of involuntary commitment involves petitioning a court for permission, the procedure for which varies from state to state. In general, this safeguards adults against being confined in a state or medical facility.
In criminal cases, the courts usually have the power to involuntarily commit a substance abuser to rehab. When family members or loved ones assume that role, the onus is on them to make sure the rehab experience is successful.
The good news is, as strained or difficult as the process may seem, research shows that substance abusers forced into treatment do not experience worse outcomes than those who enter voluntarily.
Family members are often encouraged to be confrontational and lay down ultimatums about rehab, but those approaches may not work as well as others. Brute force, shame, and humiliation tactics do more harm than good. Current research suggests that substance abusersrespond better to empathy, respect, support and kindness, and that these tactics leave them more open to getting the help they need.
For more information on involuntary commitment, contact a local private attorney, the local civil court, legal aid, or other legal advocacy groups. For more information on confronting a substance abuser, talk to an addiction specialist, or an intervention specialist.
A noted benefit of an intervention is that it sends a message to the substance abuser that her loved ones recognize the drug problem and are ready, willing and able to help take action to treat it. The goal is to get the person struggling with addiction to agree to the treatment program the family has already arranged.
The cost of attending rehab, which varies by program type and from program to program, may be an initial barrier to entry. However, the first step for a loved one is to determine which facilities are within range financially. If the substance abuser has insurance, and is willing to go to rehab, the carrier should be contacted to learn the details of coverage. Where coverage is not available, it will be necessary to take an inventory of available financial resources.
Research the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Visit Healthcare.gov or call our helpline to see if any low-cost insurance programs or government-subsidized care is available.
Work with the rehab facility. Some centers offer sliding scale fees that take into account income level and resources when determining the cost of care.
Try employer help. In some cases, an employer may be willing to cover the rehab costs for personal and/or business reasons.
Seek out a payment plan. Contact the rehab center to learn if a payment installment plan is available (there may be an initial down payment of 20 percent or more). Interest-free (up to a year or more) credit cards may be an option as well.
Liquidate assets. It is most advisable to consult with a financial planner or tax professional about the implications, but after assets are sold, funding options include private loans, borrowing from a retirement plan, and/or using credit cards.
Once the financial means to cover rehab are secured, most individuals and/or their loved ones find the admissions process welcoming. Some centers offer 24/7 admission and pickup services. Addiction professionals understand that the decision to start rehab does not always happen during business working hours, and for this reason, they make their services available day and night. Contact those rehab centers you're most interested in to learn their availability and admissions policies up front.
Family members and loved ones will find that the rehab process welcomes their presence (after a certain period of time), input, and feedback. Rehab does maintain the privacy and confidentiality of clients, but it is not a closed process. Substance abusers also benefit from family involvement; the majority of those struggling with addiction seek rehab treatment because their loved ones' support and encourage them to do so.
Although substance abusers are physically separated from loved ones during a residential treatment program, loved ones can continue to play a supportive role in recovery. The distance can help bring clarity to the recovery process both for the substance abuser and loved ones. Loved ones are often more inclined to reflect onwhat role they might have played in the drug abuse.
Despite the distance, periodic visits, family therapy sessions, and on-site educational programs and workshops often help develop healthier relationship dynamics.
Family involvement is not limited to the treatment center experience.Family members are strongly encouraged to attend local Al-Anon and Nar-Anon support group meetings to better understand addiction and its impact on their lives.
Al-Anon is a national network of support groups that are open to anyone who has been negatively affected by alcohol. To find a program, call 1-888-4AL-ANON. Similarly, Nar-Anon is dedicated to providing community to those impacted by a loved one's drug abuse. Each support group offers free group meetings modeled on the 12-Step program, which promotes a spiritually conscious and healthy way of life. To find a local meeting, call 1-800-477-6291. These groups are as helpful for family members as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) are helpful to people in addiction recovery.
"To those who are still struggling," says Neil H., has been through treatment and is now enjoying a life without drug abuse. "I thought I was surrounded by people who didn't understand me, but you are not alone. Your addiction wants to keep you isolated." Read more of Neil's story at Heroes In Recovery.
Just as loved ones help substance abusers with recovery, support services exist to help loved ones to also help themselves.
Substance abuse and addiction often catapult family members into a state of emotional chaos. As a result, considerable energy and resources are often dedicated to guiding a loved one into rehab. Though a family member with a loved one in rehab may have won the battle, the reality is that the war is likely not over.
After rehab, the individual needs to follow a good aftercare treatment plan. This could include going to AA or NA meetings. He should also carve out a new life path that does not include old people, places, and things that once stimulated drug use. Part of this process requires the recovering person to be accountable for himself. It is important for family members to learn the vital difference between being supportive and being an enabler.
Family members can benefit from both formal and informal guidance through the post-rehab process.They can find such assistance through group meetings, speaking with a counselor, or reading relevant self-help literature. Helping a loved one through recovery is a marathon, not a short race. Dedicating time and energy to staying physically and mentally healthy is not only one of the best things loved ones can do for themselves, but also for the recovering substance abuser as well.
Make the choice to get help by calling our helpline today. We have professional admissions coordinators who will gladly answer your questions regarding treatment. We can even tell you what specific forms of treatment are covered by your insurance. If you don't have insurance, that is not a problem either—we can provide you with affordable treatment options to help you or your loved one get the care they need. Don't delay—start moving forward without drug abuse today.
1 "National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N-SSATS-2015)." Substance Abuse & Mental Health Data Archive. Accessed 5 December 2017.
2 Allen, Ben. "How We Got Here: Treating Addiction In 28 Days." NPR. 1 October 2016.
3 Moraff, Christopher. "New Laws Force Drug Users Into Rehab Against Their Will." The Daily Beast.19 May 2017.
4 "Learn About Intervention." Association of Intervention Specialists. Accessed 5 December 2017.


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Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision
Posted by Brian Kelly on 5 Nov 2012
In this guest post Xavier Lasauca i Cisa reviews how institutions that are part of the Catalan R&D environment make use of social media and described the benefits of this approach. Xavier also discusses the metrics used by the Catalan Administration to evaluate and measure the impact of the government's presence in this area and their benefits for the public.
This guest blog post builds on previous posts on this blog which have described use of social media in the UK higher education sector, including posts on Social Analytics for Institutional Twitter Accounts Provided by the 24 Russell Group Universities, Use of Facebook by Russell Group Universities and Links to Social Media Sites on Russell Group University Home Pages.
The post has been published in the run-up to the Spot-On London (SOLO12) conference which includes sessions on Assessing social media impact (#solo12impact), Altmetrics beyond the Numbers (#solo12alt) and Using Twitter as a Means of Effective Science Engagement (#solo12Twitter). The post aims to provide a wider view on approaches to use of social media and evaluation of its impact beyond the UK.
The Directorate General for Research is the unit of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia) responsible for promoting science and technology research centres, planning training and career development of researchers, promoting Catalan participation in national, European and international research programs, and designing actions on science communication and dissemination in Catalonia, among other functions. This unit, along with the Directorate General of Universities, is part of the Secretariat for Universities and Research, which at the same time is part of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge, headed by Minister Andreu Mas-Colell. The parallels with the British political system lie in the fact that the Directorate General for Research is the equivalent to the Government Office for Science within the Department for Business Innovation and Skills.
As the person responsible for Knowledge Management and ICT on R&D, I am in charge of the management of R&D computer applications at the Directorate General for Research, of the technical coordination of the research website of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge, and of an electronic newsletter (RECERCAT). I am also the person responsible, in conjunction with the Communication department of the Secretariat, for the administration of the Directorate General for Research profiles on social media (Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, etc.). In addition, I maintain a personal blog ("L'ase quàntic" or "The quantum donkey") where I write about innovation in Public Administration, the use of social media in universities and research, the Open Galaxy (Open Access, Open Science, Open Data, Open Courseware…) and the issue of women in science, among others.
This article focuses on the use of social media by the units within the departments of the Catalan Government (specifically the Secretariat for Universities and Research), research centres, large research support infrastructures and the reference networks in Catalonia. I would like to thank Professor Miquel Duran, from the University of Girona, for his support in the preparation of data on the number of Twitter, Klout and Kred followers of the organisations analyzed during the second week of October this year.
A General Overview of the Catalan R&D System
The Catalan public R&D system is primarily composed of universities, research centres, large research support infrastructures, hospitals, science and technology parks, networks of reference and research groups.
The central topics in science policies applied in Catalonia in recent years are, on the one hand, talent attraction and retention, with excellence and internationalization as their benchmarks (a good example of this line of action is ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies), and on the other hand, a sustained increase in research funding, with the bulk of the spending allocated to research structures, both research centres and large facilities (such as the Alba synchrotron light facility or the MareNostrum supercomputer).
A good sign of the health status of the Catalan scientific system is that, if we consider that the size of the population in Catalonia represents 1.5% of the EU-27, the system has managed to attract 2.2% of the financing available from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme, and has obtained 3.4% of European Research Council (ERC) grants. Another relevant fact is that 2.9% of scientific publications in the EU-27 have been written by Catalan researchers. You can find these data and more information on the Catalan research system in the article by the Secretary for Universities and Research of the Catalan Government, Antoni Castellà, published in the issue 1 of the journal Global Scientia.
Three social media accounts are being managed from the Secretariat for Universities and Research: the Directorate General for Research account ((@recercat), the Directorate General of Universities (@universitatscat) and the Secretariat for Universities and Research (@coneixementcat).
The Twitter account of the Directorate General for Research is used to disseminate the scholarships and research grants funded by the unit, as well as the publications of the institution (for example, the most important news published in the newsletter RECERCAT). It is also used to post news and updates from the web, to promote the scientific dissemination activities from the unit and from the Recerca en acció (Research in action) website, as well as events, awards, scholarships, publications and other information from the system related agents. Apart from this public information service, the Twitter account also serves to promote government action (with links to press releases) and to share institutional statements from events or interviews of policymakers.
The institutional account management of the Secretariat for Universities and Research, as well as of other departments of the Catalan government, is based on the Style and usage guide of the Government of Catalonia's social networks, produced by the General Directorate for Citizen Services and Publicity (GDCSP), at the Ministry of the Presidency of the Government of Catalonia. This publication establishes common guidelines for a consistent presence of the Government of Catalonia on social networks and lists the different social media utilities, their various uses, the purpose of each network, recommendations for an appropriate and productive presence, and criteria for finding the best communicative style for each tool.
One of the most important chapters in the guide is dedicated to metrics, an essential tool to monitor the activity that is being done and to assess and measure the impact, in this case, of the presence of the Administration in this environment and the benefits it represents for citizens. Metric indicators are based on the following key concepts:
Dialogue: measures the degree of dialogue that the Government of Catalonia maintains with citizens on different social networks.
Reach: information on the distribution of the Government of Catalonia contents to the people who are part of the social network.
Action: indicates whether the content shared on the networks promotes activity.
Interaction: shows the global relationship between an account and its audience.
Acceptance (Applause): quantifies the degree of satisfaction.
For each of these key concepts, the indicators shown in Table 1 (List of indicators for Twitter and Facebook) and Table 2 (List of indicators for YouTube, Flickr and Slideshare) are used:
Concept Twitter Facebook
Audience Followers Friends
Tweets sent Entries
Interactions Mentions Comments
Retweets (RT) Shares
Clicks to links Likes
Interest Dialogue Mentionts/tweets Comments/entries
Reach RT/tweets Shares/entries
Action Clicks to links/tweets
Applause Likes/entries
Interactions (Mentions+RT)/tweets (Comments+shares+likes)/entries
Commitment Dialogue Mentions/followers Comments/friends
Reach RT/followers Shares/friends
Action Clicks to links/followers
Applause Likes/friends
Interactions (Mentions+RT)/followers (Comments+shares+likes)/friends
Table 1: List of indicators for Twitter and Facebook
Tool Indicator
Youtube Total number of videos uploaded
Videos uploaded during the month
Number of views of all the videos uploaded
Visits to the channel
Flickr Total number of photos published
Photos published during the month
Number of views of all the photos
Slideshare Total number of presentations and documents published
Presentations and documents published during one month
Number of downloads of all the presentations and documents published
Number of visits of all the presentations and documents published
Table 2: List of indicators for Youtube, Flickr and Slideshare
In order to facilitate a better interpretation of the metrics, the GDCSP prepares a quarterly report that shows the evolution of these indicators graphically and sends it to each of the units responsible for corporate social media accounts. These reports help the units to evaluate the effectiveness of their activity on social media and to consider whether the previously defined objectives are being achieved. In addition, the information obtained can serve as a basis for predicting future actions and planning campaigns. After all, assessment in the Administration must serve to identify public policies that work, knowing the impact and to what extent it is attributable to the intervention of Public Administration. Table 3 shows the number of Twitter, Facebook and YouTube followers of the institutional accounts of the Universities and Research areas in the Catalan Government, as well as the Klout and Kred reputation indices:
Secretariat for Universities and Research accounts Twitter FB YT Klout Kred
Directorate General for Universities (@universitatscat) 3,300 859 52 718 5
Directorate General for Research (@recercat) 2,970 538 53 697 5
Secretariat for Universities and Research (@coneixementcat) 1,467 49 656 4
Research in action (@RecercaenAccio) 1,438 87 49 616 3
Table 3: Social Analytics for Institutional Twitter Accounts of Secretariat for Universities and Research of Catalan Government
The Twitter and Facebook accounts of the Universities area lead the classification ahead of the Research accounts, probably because their target audience is considerably larger. The Twitter account of the Knowledge area of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia ranks third, whereas the account of the science dissemination website Research in action closes the classification.
Research Centres in Catalonia: Increasingly Intensive Use of the Social Web
As regards research centres in Catalonia, it has to be mentioned that the CERCA Institute is the Government of Catalonia's technical service and its means for supervising, supporting and facilitating the activities of the 47 research centres in the CERCA system. These research centres are independent entities with their own independent legal status, partially-financed by the Government of Catalonia (which provides them with stable funding through programme contracts) and their main aim is excellence in scientific research. They follow a private sector management model that is totally flexible and based on multi-year activity programmes within the framework of a strategic plan and ex-post supervision that respects the autonomy of each centre.
The aim of this model is to encourage co-ordination and strategic co-operation between centres, to improve the positioning, visibility and impact of the research carried out and to facilitate communication between public and private agents. To illustrate the efficiency of the system, out of the 60 ERC Starting Grants awarded in Catalonia during the 2007-2012 period, 34 were awarded to researchers from the CERCA centres (56%), whereas in the case of the ERC Advanced Grants, the percentage rises to 63% (19 out of 30) for the 2008-2011 period.
Out of all the 47 CERCA centres, 25 use social media tools, primarily Twitter, as part of their communication strategy. Table 4 summarises the most important indicators of their presence on social media:
CERCA centres accounts Twitter Facebook YouTube Klout Kred
1 IJC – Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute >2,344 >44,758 >245 >50 >730 >3
2 i2CAT – Internet and Digital Innovation in Catalonia 1,503 44 638 4
3 CTFC – Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia 1,195 957 21 49 650 3
4 CREAF – Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications 1,191 51 681 5
5 IPHES – Catalan Institute for Human Palaeoecology and Social Evolution 1,097 1,048 29 49 677 5
6 IGTP – Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation 923 50 667 5
7 CRG – Centre for Genomic Regulation 905 449 58 50 675 6
8 IDIBELL – Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute 777 234 3 52 685 5
9 IDIBAPS – August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute 772 185 43 597 2
10 ISGlobal-CRESIB-Barcelona Centre for International Health Research 758 353 52 694 6
11 IMIM – Municipal Institute for Medical Research Hospital del Mar 744 24 44 583 3
12 VHIR – Vall d'Hebron Research Institute 734 301 62 47 644 3
13 ICCC – Catalan Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences 617 217 39 595 4
14 ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia 499 428 12 45 600 4
15 IRB Barcelona – Institute for Research in Biomedicine 295 448 13 43 576 3
16 IRSI-CAIXA – Institute for AIDS Research 283 46 597 5
17 ICP – Catalan Institute of Palaeontology Miquel Crusafont 258 2,683 20 42 545 3
18 CVC – Computer Vision Center 252 93 43 577 4
19 ICFO – Institute of Photonic Sciences 228 197 45 619 3
20 IMPPC – Institute of Predictive and Personalized Cancer Medicine 70 31 434 2
21 IC3 – Catalan Climate Sciences Institute 33 218 31 351 2
22 CTTC – Catalan Telecommunications Technology Centre 29 12 1 25 344 1
23 CMR[B] – Centre of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona 21 21 52 0
24 IBEC – Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia 265 7
25 CReSA – Centre for Animal Health Research 6
Table 4: Social Analytics for Institutional Twitter Accounts Provided by CERCA centres
As for the number of Twitter followers, the Josep Carreras Foundation, on which the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute depends, leads the account classification with 2.344 followers. At a certain distance, and above 1.000 followers, we find the i2CAT Foundation (Internet and Digital Innovation in Catalonia), the Forest Technology Centre of Catalonia and the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications.
Regarding the José Carreras Foundation, which also tops the rankings on Facebook (over 44.000 followers) and YouTube (with 245 subscribers), it should be noted that the Foundation probably generates a very significant number of emotional supporters, which may not occur in most other centres.
In the case of Facebook, 18 CERCA centres are present in this network. Apart from the aforementioned first position, the second one goes to the Catalan Institute of Palaeontology Miquel Crusafont, and the third is for the Catalan Institute for Human Palaeoecology and Social Evolution, both of them with over 1000 followers.
About YouTube, the top channels in number of subscribers correspond to the Josep Carreras Foundation, the Center for Genomic Regulation and the Vall d'Hebron Research Institute. As we can see, there is a wide variety of fields of knowledge regarding the top positions of the various social media.
As regards to reputation indices, the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute and the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal-CRESIB) lead the Klout ranking (Klout 52), and there are four centres over 50: the Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, the Center for Genomic Regulation, the Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation, and the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute. Interestingly, when analyzing the Kred index substantial variations are not observed with respect to the centres that occupy the top six ranking positions of the Klout index, except for the entry of the Catalan Institute of Human Palaeoecology and Social Evolution into the Top 6, which moves the Health Sciences Research Institute of the Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation up to the seventh position.
Apart from the 47 CERCA centres, Catalonia has 21 centres from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), which are public state-owned agencies. Among these research centres, we wish to highlight the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA), with 369 followers on Twitter, the Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB), with 306 followers, and the Institute of Robotics and Industrial Computing (IRII), with 144 followers.
Large research support infrastructures
Large research support infrastructures require large investments for their construction and maintenance, with the aim to advance cutting-edge experimental science. Catalonia has basically two major infrastructures: the Alba synchrotron light facility at the CELLS Consortium and the MareNostrum supercomputer at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS).
These major research support infrastructures in Catalan territory are mainly consortia participated by the Government of Catalonia, the Spanish State and other organizations that take a minority stake. Apart from the two major infrastructures mentioned above, there are up to 10 other major research support infrastructures. Only five out of these 12 structures are present on social media as shown in Table 5:
Catalan large infrastructures accounts Twitter Facebook YouTube Klout Kred
Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS) 385 236 11 45 597 4
Center for Scientific and Academic Services of Catalonia (CESCA) 158 45 0 31 523 3
Ebre Observatory 99 137 38 494 2
National Centre for Genomic Analysis (CNAG) 64 40 395 3
Montsec Observatory 940
Table 5: Social Analytics for Institutional Twitter Accounts Provided by Catalan Large Infrastructures
The Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) ranks first in the number of Twitter followers, while the Montsec Astronomical Observatory leads the Facebook network.
Reference networks of R&D and innovation
Reference networks of R&D and innovation consist of a series of groups from different institutions that carry out research and innovation projects, and other activities collaboratively. These groups have common goals and the networks aim at promoting collaborative, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary work, as well as the optimization of infrastructure and R&D and innovation facilities in Catalonia. Four out of the eight reference networks are present on Twitter, as shown in Table 6, with the Reference Network of R&D and innovation on Theoretical and Computational Chemistry leading the classification:
Catalan reference networks accounts Twitter Facebook Klout Kred
Reference Network of R&D&I on Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (XRQTC) 117 35 516 4
Catalan Biotechnology Reference Network (XRB) 112 41 498 4
Reference Network of R&D&I on Aquaculture (XRAq) 63 74 23 396 3
Reference Network of R&D&I on Food Technology (XaRTA) 39 17 220 1
Table 6: Social Analytics for Institutional Twitter Accounts Provided by Catalan Reference Networks
How Can We Measure the Reputation of a Research Network?
Is the number of Twitter followers a good indicator of the presence of an institution on the net? In my blog, I regularly analyze the presence of research structures in Catalonia on social media, based on the number of followers. I realized that this indicator may not be a sufficiently complete indicator, so I decided to introduce also the Klout and Kred indicators, in line with the analysis of Professor Miquel Duran, an expert in analyzing metrics in universities of the Catalan-speaking territories, and Brian Kelly, UKOLN, University of Bath, with his detailed analysis on the presence of the UK Russell Group universities (note the latter also includes indicators such as Peerindex or Twitalyzer). Both Klout and Kred provide complementary and useful information in order to assess the impact of bidirectional communication.
Klout is a social networking service that measures influence using data points from Twitter, such as the size of a person's network, the content created and how other people interact with that content. This analysis is also done on data taken from Facebook, Google+, Linkedin, and other sites. Klout creates profiles on individuals and assigns them scores ranging from 1 to 100. Despite being criticized because of its opacity, this service has become quite popular and I believe it is a good complement.
Another interesting measure of influence is Kred. Unlike Klout, Kred provides a fully transparent view of the actions that compose any user's score and it is the only influence measure to openly publish its algorithm. Kred's scoring system, which is based on Twitter profiles, is composed of two scores: Influence measures a user's ability to inspire action from others like retweeting, replies or new follows and it is scored on a 1000 point scale. Outreach reflects generosity in engaging with others and helping them spread their message and it is scored on a 10 point scale. Outreach score is cumulative and always increases, and it is measured on Twitter by your retweets, replies and mentions of others.
The Importance of Being Present on Social Media
In late May 2012, I gave a presentation at the University of Barcelona on dissemination using Web 2.0 (Com divulgar en el web 2.0). The workshop aimed to provide tools and strategies for scientific knowledge dissemination to researchers and other agents linked to R&D and innovation system, so that they could be in a better position to spread the object of their research.
Although my remarks focused on the importance of having a blog and a Twitter account to disseminate research, I finally mentioned other instruments that could contribute to it such as repositories (Slideshare, YouTube, Flickr) or social networking tools (ResearchGate, LinkedIn, Google+). During the talk it was mentioned that, while Facebook has been considered a very suitable network for personal rather than professional purposes, currently a trend has been detected among young people to use this network to disseminate research. Therefore, it should be considered in future studies.
Twitter and Facebook are the social networking tools where research structures in Catalonia are mostly present, although with slightly different communication strategies. The centres use these media mainly to disseminate research and, in some cases, to make dissemination activities organized by the centre more widely available and to engage with the public, even as a teaching support. Moreover, these tools are often used to post vacancies at the institution. According to Raül Toran, science writer at the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), "generally the topics that are forwarded mostly are the ones related to cutting-edge research and job vacancies at the institution".
Social media at the research centres are basically managed by the Communication Departments at the same institution although in most centres, some researchers use social media mostly for personal rather than professional activity. Cinta S. Bellmunt, Head of Communication at the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES) states that the researchers in the centre "are aware of the value and visibility that social networks provide to research, because quite often I have to refer questions that arise in the group to them, so they realize there is movement, interrelation". To follow up on the impact of the communication strategy of the centre, tools such as Hootsuite and Tweetdeck are used.
A good example of the impact of the dissemination activity of social media by the centres is to be found in the increasing traffic to their websites, as well as an increase in the number of job applications for possible vacancies. Inevitably, this communication activity results in a continuous increase in the number of Twitter and Facebook followers. As far as readers' preferences is concerned, it is highly variable and it depends on the centres: in the case of the IDIBELL, there is more interaction via Twitter (direct messages, mentions, RT, etc.) than via Facebook (Likes or comments), while in the case of IPHES the situation is reversed.
As regards privacy, there is growing awareness that knowledge must flow, but with precaution in order not to affect the privacy of others, respecting authorship and quoting the source of what is being communicated.
Open social network tools such as Diaspora or identi.ca, are still little known in Catalonia. In contrast, a growing increase in Catalan researchers in the ResearchGate network has been detected.
In summary, we could say that research structures in Catalonia are consolidating and increasing their presence on social media, especially on Twitter and Facebook, which has become part of their communication strategy, increasing visibility. To disseminate the research that is being carried out and to approach society are the main goals. In addition, communication units are progressively incorporating metrics tracking tools designed to evaluate and measure the impact of the communication activity and its benefits to the target audience. And good news is that research, often funded with public money, engages with the whole of society.
Xavier Lasauca i Cisa is the person in charge of Knowledge Management and Information Technologies on R&D (Directorate General for Research, Ministry of Economy and Knowledge, Government of Catalonia).
Twitter: @xavierlasauca
Image: Research.cat 2.0, by Maricel Saball (CC BY 3.0), adapted from My social networks
View Twitter conversation from: [Topsy]
This entry was posted on 5 Nov 2012 at 9:42 am	and is filed under Guest-post, Social Web. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
12 Responses to "Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision"
SpotOn London 2012: Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision | SpotOn said
6 Nov 2012 at 10:25 am
[…] of its impact beyond the UK. This post has been cross-posted from Brian Kelly's blog, UK Web Focus. Brian works for the JISC-funded Innovation Support Centre at UKOLN which is based at the […]
Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision | Digital rights | Scoop.it said
[…] Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan VisionIn this guest post Xavier Lasauca i Cisa reviews how institutions that are part of the Catalan R&D environment make use of social media and described the benefits of this approach. […]
S'acosta SpotOn London 2012! | L'ase quàntic said
[…] Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision […]
SpotOn London 2012: Altmetrics everywhere – but what are we missing? #solo12impact | SpotOn said
7 Nov 2012 at 3:15 pm
[…] have a plethora of numbers, but what should we be measuring? A recent blog post by Xavier Lasauca i Cisa (via Brian Kelly) suggests the following Key Performance […]
S'acosta SpotOn London 2012! « Des de la Mediterrània said
The 'Altmetrics everywhere – but what are we missing?' #solo12impact Session « UK Web Focus said
Mètriques 2.0 del sistema català d'R+D | L'ase quàntic said
19 Nov 2012 at 10:18 pm
[…] article va ser publicat en anglès a principis de novembre en el bloc de Kelly amb el títol de Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision, així com a l'apartat de notícies de la conferència anual sobre comunicació científica […]
L'IPHES, en primeres posicions pel que fa a nombre de seguidors a les xarxes socials i bona reputació entre els centres de recerca catalans | Centres de Recerca de Catalunya said
[…] un article sobre l'ús de les xarxes socials en el sistema català d'R+D (original anglès i traducció al català), realitzat per Xavier Lasauca, responsable de Gestió […]
Mètriques 2.0 del sistema català d'R+D « Des de la Mediterrània said
4 Dec 2012 at 7:57 pm
[…] article va ser publicat en anglès a principis de novembre en el bloc de Kelly amb el títol de Social Media Analytics for R&D: a Catalan Vision, així com a l'apartat de notícies de la conferència anual sobre comunicació científica 2.0 […]
L'ase quàntic: els 12 articles més llegits del 2012 | L'ase quàntic said
8 Jan 2013 at 7:00 pm
[…] Kelly (Universitat de Bath), autor del bloc UK Web Focus, em va convidar a escriure un article sobre la presència a les xarxes socials de les estructures de recerca de Catalunya, i sobre quins […]
Investigación científica 2.0.1: procesos clave en una sociedad digital | El Blog de Carol said
[…] https://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2012/11/05/social-media-analytics-for-rd-a-catalan-vision […]
Open online courses force current universities to rethink and change their educational model | My Teaching Adventure said
[…] Catalan Vision. UK Web Focus Reflections on the Web and Web 2.0, [blog] 5th November, Available at: https://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2012/11/05/social-media-analytics-for-rd-a-catalan-vision/ [Accessed: 5th May […]


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Maria Nikolaïevna Germanova (en , née le  à Moscou et morte le  à Boulogne-Billancourt, est une actrice d'origine russe.

Biographie
De 1902 à 1919, Maria Germanova, formée par Vladimir Nemirovitch-Dantchenko, est l'une des principales actrices du Théâtre d'art de Moscou.

Elle participe aux débuts du cinéma russe, jouant notamment le rôle principal dans le film Anna Karénine de Vladimir Gardine en 1914.

Après la scission causée par la Révolution de 1917, elle fait partie durant les années 1920 des anciens membres du Théâtre d'art de Moscou actifs à Prague, puis à Paris, Londres et aux États-Unis.

Elle enseigne aux États-Unis en 1929-1930 au Laboratory Theater fondé par Richard Boleslawski, contribuant, avec d'autres anciens membres du Théâtre d'art de Moscou, à y établir l'influence de Constantin Stanislavski.

Théâtre
 1908 : L'Oiseau bleu de Maurice Maeterlinck (avec le Théâtre d'art de Moscou)
 1910 : Les Frères Karamazov le rôle de Grouchenka
 1929 : Les Trois Sœurs d'Anton Tchekhov (mise en scène de Georges Pitoëff au théâtre des Arts) : Olga

 Filmographie
 1914 : Anna Karénine, de Vladimir Gardine : Anna Karénine
 1916 : Ugolok de

 Photos

 Notes et références

 Bibliographie
Marie-Christine Autant-Mathieu, « Disciples et transfuges du Théâtre d'Art de Moscou », colloque Les Premières Rencontres de l'Institut européen Est-Ouest'', Lyon, ENS LSH, 2-.

Liens externes

Actrice de l'Empire russe au XXe siècle
Actrice du muet dans l'Empire russe
Actrice russe du muet
Actrice russe du XXe siècle
Théâtre d'art de Moscou
Actrice ayant incarné Anna Karénine
Naissance en janvier 1885
Naissance à Moscou
Décès en avril 1940
Décès à Boulogne-Billancourt
Décès à 55 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Griffin Conine knows as well as anyone that the most important name on his baseball jersey is the one printed on the front. That hasn't always easy to remember, though, as much as he's been reminded of the name he wears on his back.
It's the same name his father Jeff made famous for eight seasons as perhaps the most popular player in Miami Marlins history.
Conine is doing his best to escape his dad's shadow and make a name for himself by putting together a breakout season as a hard-hitting right fielder for Duke. He is one of four in-state college players who grew up as the sons of Major Leaguers.
Like Conine, Wake Forest's Gavin Sheets, North Carolina's Bo Weiss and East Carolina's T.J. Riles are well-acquainted with the frequent comparisons to their famous fathers and the higher expectations that go along with them.
But they've also benefitted from some of the unique advantages provided by their familial relationship with baseball, above and beyond the instruction they received from parents that played the game at its highest level.
As an eight-year-old Little Leaguer, Conine got to shag fly balls in the outfield while the Marlins took batting practice. As an up-and-coming high school player, Sheets got hitting tips from Baltimore Orioles' Hall of Famer Cal Ripken Jr. while Weiss spent his formative years hanging around the clubhouse and taking road trips with the Colorado Rockies.
"There's a give-and-take for what they've been able to experience," said Walt Weiss, a former All-American at UNC who spent 14 seasons as a shortstop with four Major League teams — including one as Jeff Conine's teammate in Miami.
Those advantages were not without a cost.
It came in the form of the added scrutiny the four local legacies received as they began the process of following their father's footsteps around the bases. The pressure was especially heavy on the shoulders of Conine, Weiss and Sheets because they grew up playing ball in the same cities that made their names famous.
Sheets, in particular, had a hard time escaping the connection to his dad in Baltimore. In addition to having knocked out 86 homers over six seasons for the Orioles, Larry Sheets was also Gavin's high school coach at Gilman School.
The attention paid to their situation only increased when the elder Sheets hired his old Orioles teammate Ripken as his assistant.
Gavin's laid back disposition had a lot to do with making the dynamic between father/coach and son work so well.
"The terrific thing about him and the reason he's a psychology major is that he walks to the beat of his own drum," Larry Sheets said.
It also didn't hurt that Larry went out of his way to differentiate his dual roles at home and at the ballpark.
Gavin was good enough to be selected by the Atlanta Braves in the 37th round of the MLB draft following his senior season at Gilman. By that time, though, the decision had already been made that he would go to college before giving pro ball a try.
So like Sheets he also decided to continue his career in college, one far enough far enough away from home that the name on the back of his jersey wouldn't be as recognizable.
Weiss also packed his bags and went elsewhere.
But instead of distancing himself from his dad's legacy in Denver — where in addition to playing for the Rockies, he also managed the team for four seasons — the youngster did the opposite by signing to play at Walt's alma mater.
He's reminded of his father's success at UNC everytime he walks into the team lounge at Boshamer Stadium, where his father's picture adorns the wall with the other former Tar Heel stars that made it to the Major Leagues.
"Maybe there's a little pressure that comes along with that, but playing two different positions is pretty helpful," said Bo, who became a pitcher during his sophomore season in high school, in part because his lateral movement on the infield was hampered by a club foot.
A hard-throwing right-hander, Weiss has made 11 relief appearances and one start for the third-ranked Tar Heels, striking out 11 with a 2.70 earned run average.
It's something he's wanted to do for as long as he can remember.
Bo grew six inches to his current 6-foot-3 and in the words of his father "began to look and throw like a pitcher." By the time he was a high school senior he was being recruited by major schools from coast to coast.
The final choice came down to UNC and Stanford.
Riles' path to ECU, by contrast, wasn't nearly as preordained. Or direct.
Brought up in Atlanta after his father had retired following a nine-year career as an infielder with Milwaukee, San Francisco, Oakland and others, T.J. was able to pursue his own athletic pursuits in relative anonymity compared to his fellow Major League sons.
In fact, the only one of his current Pirate teammates who remembers anything about Ernest Riles as a player is Wisconsin native and lifelong Brewers fan Evan Kruczynski.
T.J., whose given name is Ernest Thomas Joseph Riles, was also a standout football and basketball player, which is probably why he was so lightly recruited out of high school for baseball. He went to two different junior colleges before landing at ECU this season.
Despite missing fall practice with an injury, he stepped right into the lineup as the Pirates' starting right fielder. He's hitting .259 with four homers and 20 RBI.
The father's joy is manifested in the passion with which his son plays.
"He's both a father and a role model to me," T.J. said. "He's always told me not to worry about getting to the next level or what might happen in the future, but to just try to win a ballgame and have fun every time I go out on the field. That's what it's all about.
While Riles is still adjusting to Division I pitching and Weiss' college career is just starting, Sheets and Conine appear to be the best bets to follow their father's path into professional baseball.
Sheets has taken advantage of his three years at Wake Forest to gain added weight and strength to his 6-foot-5 frame to become even more powerful a hitter than Larry was. His 18 homers and 73 RBI were the best in the ACC heading into the final weekend of the regular season, a performance that has established him as a potential first round pick in next month's draft.
Conine, meanwhile, has made a quantum leap after spending a productive summer with La Crosse Loggers of the wood bat Northwoods League. Although he still has a year to go before becoming draft eligible, the son of Mr. Marlin has turned himself into more than just a courtesy pick by leading Duke in average (.320), homers (13), RBI (55) and slugging percentage (.598).
"The only way I can describe it with him is an it factor," Blue Devils coach Chris Pollard said of Conine — and by extension the other Major League sons playing college ball in North Carolina. "There's just that something you have to assume comes from being immersed in the game growing up.
And apparently, in their sons as well.


text:
Q: Reduce Operations on Distributed Databases I would like to ask you about optimizing reduce operations (e.g. count) on multiple databases.
Let's say there is a user table that is stored in various countries and sharding is made based on the country field of the entity row. Think this as a situation where sharding and replication can occur so same record may exist in another database. At this point does "coming up with a solution where all the unique keys of entities of this table stored in a central database with maybe where the real record is" sound stupid and implies that I know nothing about the subject or a good way to solve the issue and there are a lot of examples in enterprise applications?
Thank you for your answers.

A: The short answer is that if you've set things up properly, it's a waste of both space and time to keep a separate central master mapping of which primary keys exist globally.
Your sharding function tells you which shard has is authoritative for a given primary key.  A central master list of which rows are currently in the distributed database would be an aggregation across shards of the list of primary keys for which that shard is authoritative.  Keeping this central mapping consistent with the sets of keys present on each shard introduces unnecessary overhead, and quickly becomes a bottleneck for all database modifications on any shard globally.  All row insertions or deletions would require querying this central master mapping to see if it's consistent, possibly followed by modifying the central master mapping.
Even with your proposed master mapping of primary keys to shards, you still need to contact each shard in order to perform your reduction.  (Of course, you skip any shards that your sharding function tells you don't contain any rows relevant to your reduction operation.)
If your proposed master list can answer your query without contacting the shards, you probably wouldn't want to query it anyway, since it's already a bottleneck for all write operations.  You could of course shard this master list of primary keys for better performance, but then it ceases to be the proposed central list of primary keys.  This would be better thought of as a second read-only distributed database that contains a mirror of a subset of the columns in your primary distributed database.  Now, a second distributed read-only copy of a subset of your data does make sense for some usage patterns.  However, how much sense it makes is highly dependent on your usage patterns and does introduce some replication delay between the primary distributed database and the secondary distributed database.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Arsenal Winger Saka Says Choosing Between England And Nigeria Will Be Tough
Arsenal winger Bukayo Saka admits it will be challenging to choose between England or Nigeria, should his impressive Premier League form be rewarded with international selection In a wide ranging interview with Sky Sports News the teenager discussed a memorable few years rising through the ranks at Arsenal, including: Saka is yet to receive a call-up from either England or Nigeria but he's attracting admiring glances from both associations. For the modest but confident 18-year-old it is a decision that will require careful consideration with family members at the right time. "It's a tough choice," Saka revealed. "I'm happy to have represented England at youth level but I'm also proud of my Nigerian heritage from my parents. "We haven't been picked by any team so it's about staying humble and when the time comes we'll make the decision." Gareth Southgate has been keeping a close eye on Saka and Manchester United striker Mason Greenwood, while Jude Bellingham recently became the most expensive 17-year-old in history following his £25m move to Borussia Dortmund. The future for England appears bright with Europe's top clubs and their current managers putting faith in the teenage sensations. "Greenwood and Bellingham have so much quality. Whether they are 18 or 28 or 38 they've got quality and when you've got quality you're going to be in the team, providing you can apply the right attitude," Saka said. "I feel the age isn't really a factor because they've got maturity and quality beyond their years. That's why they're being trusted I believe." Mikel Arteta, like Unai Emery before him, is certainly placing his trust in Saka who has scored in the Premier League, FA Cup and Europa League during his 38 appearances this season. "Being young and at a big club if you are in the team over an experienced professional the manager is basically telling you without speaking that I believe in you. "(He's saying) go and do what you can do and that belief gives me so much confidence. Arteta is so detailed and clear and a lot of the players will tell you we are learning from him. "I feel like we're going in the right direction and we're working hard to hit the ground running next season." Saka recently scored his first Premier League goal and was this week rewarded with Arsenal's No 7 shirt, previously worn by Robert Pires, Tomas Rosicky and David Rocastle. "I was so excited to get it. It's stuff you dream of and to think of the legends who have had it is such an honour," he said. "I liked the number growing up because some of the best players in the world have worn it. "It shows how much confidence they have in me and I want to repay their faith and hopefully can write my own history in that shirt." In recent years the youngster has gone from watching Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang to assisting his goal at Old Trafford earlier this season. The youngster added: "In the academy we got tickets to watch (the first team) and I used to see him scoring goals. To now be playing with him is just amazing. "You know he's going to score a goal for us. He's such a good guy who helps all the young players with advice and he's also funny as well!" Saka spoke in similar fashion about Arsenal legend Thierry Henry when the Frenchman gave a talk to the academy players a couple of years ago. He revealed this particular session spent in the company of Henry was on his mind recently when he scored a first league goal. "His mindset was just so elite," Saka explained. "He told us about a day that Arsenal were behind and he wouldn't allow his team to lose before running past everyone to score! "When he speaks to your face and you see in his eyes how passionate he is for the game and how much he wanted to win it shows why he was such a great player. "You dream of trying to emulate a career like his. As a young player that just inspires you and that's why scoring against Wolves meant so much to me." Next weekend Saka can emulate Norman Whiteside if he scores in the FA Cup final as an 18-year-old, and although Whiteside's record of youngest scorer in the decider is safe, it would be a proud moment for him. "The chance to win a trophy in my first full season is amazing. If you told me last year all of this would happen I wouldn't have believed you! "We have Watford to focus on first to try to build momentum. They are going to be fighting for their lives because they want to stay in the Premier League but we want to win. "It would be a shame if we have to send them down but at Arsenal we have a winning mentality and want to win every game." The "humble" teenager admitted he is feeling "blessed" after signing a new long-term deal earlier in July. With his infectious positive attitude and raw talent the Arsenal No 7 shirt may be occupied for some time.
Source: Skysports
https://tweetszone.com/arsenal-winger-saka-says-choosing-between-england-and-nigeria-will-be-tough-JzFdg


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Interview with Mark Dumas, Animal Trainer for the Movies
So many times we watch animal actors in the movies or other media and we forget that there are very dedicated people behind the scenes...
, June 1, 2008
So many times we watch animal actors in the movies or other media and we forget that there are very dedicated people behind the scenes making sure those animal actors "hit their marks." Mark Dumas, one of the best animal trainers around worked with the recent movie, " Ace of Hearts." He was kind enough to answer some questions for us about his life as one of the most in-demand animal trainers in Hollywood.
Here is just a partial list of Dumas' movie credits:
Alien vs. Predator: Requiem
The 13th Warrior
Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer
Thanks to Mark for sharing a little bit of his life behind the camera with us!
Joy: How did you get into animal training for the movies?
Mark: I started training animals at an African Lion ranch in Los Angeles in 1970. I then left the lion ranch and when the manager of the ranch started his own business I went to work with him.
Youve worked on many excellent movies. Which movie or movies were your favorite training experiences and why? Which training experiences were your biggest challenges and why?
My favorite movies to work on were The Bear and Alaska. One of the most challenging was The Amazing Panda Adventure. This was because of location (China) and I could not have the pandas miss a meal so I had to work them for something other than food. I also was working without a second trainer. When you train animals it is always easier to have someone you trust working with you – lots of times they can see things which are happening that you are not aware of.
The two dogs you work with on Ace of Hearts have a lot of stunts. What challenges did you have working on Ace of Hearts that you havent faced in your lengthy career?
The two dogs for Ace of Hearts were already obedience trained and aggression trained. The biggest challenge on Ace of Hearts was keeping the dogs fresh. After 6 or more takes they get bored and tired.
Are there any animals that you wont work with? Why?
I do not work with horses because I am not a wrangler. I also try not to work with venomous snakes. I do not like working with them and prefer to leave that to a person who does. I also dont work with rodents – personal preference. There are people who are very good with them and I use their services.
Are there any animal species you would like to work with but havent had the chance yet? Why this animal or these animals?
There are no animals on my dream list that I have not been able to work with. The last animal on my hope and desire list was a polar bear, and I now own one.
You obviously spend a lot of time training animals and teaching them what you want them to know. What have you learned from working so closely with dogs and other animals?
All animals have their own unique personality. Even related animals have two totally different personalities.
Do you have any personal pets?
I have 2 cats and 2 dogs which live with us in our home. The dogs travel with us on location all the time- in fact they both went to France with us last year.
How do the dogs and other animals that you train for performances live? Do they live as your personal pets or do they live with other people?
The dogs usually live with their trainers, in the house and a fenced yard. Wild animals live in large cages with a large exercise yard attached where they are let into for most of the day.
What do you look for when youre looking for a dog for a part? What qualities are you looking for?
First of all, when looking for a dog for a project I look for character strength. I do this before considering looks, unless a specific look is required. Character strength is important in how the dog will respond on set.
What is the average day like for a dog or other animal when theyre part of shooting a movie? Do dogs and cats need different kinds of handling when theyre working? If so, whats different between how these two breeds are handled on the set?
The time changes depending on the movie. You do the shot, you put the animal way, and then sometimes they go up for animal close-ups. In the process youre putting them away, bringing them out, etc They might be there for a 10-12 hour day, but we dont want to work them all the time. Dogs are more social. Cats need to be in a quieter area. When getting them to do tricks- you make the cat believe that its pleasing itself; dogs you train because they want to please you.
Are there any novels, stories or novellas you would like to be part of bringing to film? In other words, are there any novels, novellas or stories involving dogs or other animals that you think would make good movies and that you would like to be the head wrangler? If so, what is it about these source materials that would make them something you would want to work on and be part of?
There is a script called Journey of the White Bear I would love to make into a movie. Its a tender story about a polar bear raised by a man up north. The man passes away and the polar bear gets stuck on an ice and floats down South. Its sort of like Free Willy but with a polar bear. I love dealing with polar bears and the script calls to do things with polar bears that havent been done before. I truly believe there should be more family-friendly animal films that are not animated.
There has recently been some concern over the treatment of dogs while shooting movies. What do you do to make sure that your dog actors get the best treatment?
We always have the American Humane Association on set (even in Canada). The other trainers and me are 100% responsible for care of animals – we never do anything that will hurt (mentally or physically) the animals.
Have you ever turned down a movie training job because you objected to the subject matter or how animals were dealt with or pictured in the screenplay?
I havent ever turned anything down- but I have changed what has happened in the screen shot. In other words, some movies or other materials have distinct ways of showing animals that are less than humane or healthy.
Are you active in any animal welfare organizations? If so, why are you involved with these groups?
I actually am not a huge fan of PETA- I feel like theyve lost their purpose and become too corporate. I really support American Humane Association which makes sure that animals are protected on-set.
Lots of kids and adults think about following in your footsteps and becoming an animal trainer or wrangler. What advice would you give them?
Unfortunately this isnt good news a lot of films are going the computer route and not using live animals anymore therefore this is becoming a dying industry. For those that are willing to give it a go though, I would say have a tough emotional stature because most animals have much shorter life-spans than humans and it can be hard to become so emotionally invested in animals only to lose them ten years later.
What do you see is the future of cinematic animal trainling? Are there factors that you feel may change the profession? For example, will we see more digitized animals in films instead of live animals?
There will always be a director that wants to do the real animal thing in movies. However, a lot of films are going the digital route. This is because scripts are requiring things of wild animals that are impractical and impossible for a live animal to do.
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text:
La Voix du Dahomey was a newspaper that was important in attempting to resist French colonial rule in Dahomey. The paper was published fortnightly between 1927 and the 1950s with an early circulation of only about 2000 but with a much larger readership and influence. Criticism of France was hidden beneath effusive protestations of loyalty to Paris. In 1936, the editors and directors of the paper were brought before a court by the colonial powers.

The editor of the paper was José Firmino Santos.

See also
Le Guide du Dahomey
List of newspapers in Benin

References

Publications established in 1927
French West Africa
Newspapers published in Benin
French-language newspapers published in Africa


text:
Q: What does -Dfile.encoding = UTF-8 do in JAVA_OPTIONS Any idea what does -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 in
JAVA_OPTIONS="${JAVA_OPTIONS} -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8"

do?
I have this option in my jetty server configuration.
If i dont have it, what might be consequence?

A: It sets a property which defines in which encoding will Java save and read files by default. It must be set at JVM startup.
There are multiple encodings - ways to represent characters on computers. UTF-8 is one of the best to use, as it contains all special characters in many languages.
Once you don't have this property, Java might save files in a different encoding which might lead to strange characters when opening the file with text editor. You can avoid this issue by manually setting the desired encoding to your OutputStreams.


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The CRISPR/Cas9 system has recently been engineered to confer resistance to geminiviruses in plants. However, we show here that the usefulness of this antiviral strategy is undermined by off-target effects identified by deep sequencing in Arabidopsis. We construct two virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 vectors that efficiently inhibit beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV) accumulation in both transient assays (Nicotiana benthamiana) and transgenic lines (Arabidopsis). Deep sequencing detects no off-target effect in candidate sites of the transgenic Arabidopsis. This kind of virus-inducible genome-editing system should be widely applicable for generating virus-resistant plants without off-target costs.
Agriculture worldwide is threatened by plant pathogens, such as plant viruses, which account for major losses in crop yields and revenues. For instance, it has been estimated that geminiviridae, a class of ssDNA viruses, could cause losses of billions of dollars to grain, vegetable, and fruit harvests every year. Thus, it has been highly desirable to develop plant varieties with improved geminiviruses resistance [1, 2]. Limited success was achieved through conventional transgenic approaches such as the use of pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) and RNA interference (RNAi) . However, recent researches using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome-editing technology showed promise to significantly reduce or even abolish disease symptoms in plants [4–8]. The CRISPR/Cas9 system originated in bacteria and archaea as an adaptive immune system and has been engineered to be a versatile genome-editing tool with applications in numerous organisms including targeting the genome of geminiviruses to inhibit their multiplication in plants. In these studies, Cas9 and single/multiple CRISPR guide RNAs were overexpressed to recognize and cleave the conserved sequences that are critical for geminivirus replication resulting in reduced virus load and symptoms [4–8]. However, one most important issue, namely the extent of off-target effects [9–11], has not yet been carefully examined in these CRISPR/Cas9-overexpression lines. Off-target effects usually occur due to tolerance of sgRNA sequence mismatches, and extended expression of Cas9 nuclease . It has been shown that off-target effects could arise in mammalian cells even when there are as many as five mismatches with the sgRNA sequence especially in high dosages of Cas9 background [13–16]. Since off-target effects caused by CRISPR/Cas9 have raised regulatory concerns in both medical and agriculture applications, in this study, the extent of off-targeting was evaluated in virus-resistant plants that are overexpressing CRISPR/Cas9 constitutively. Furthermore, in order to mitigate the risk of off-targeting, a novel virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed to confer virus resistance with high efficiency and specificity.
To explore whether the constitutively overexpressed sgRNA/Cas9 complex induces off-target editing in host plants, we chose the T2 generation of virus-resistant Arabidopsis plants that harbored the constitutively overexpressed C3 sgRNA/Cas9 complex . We searched for potential off-target sites of the C3 sgRNA sequence with Cas-OFFinder software  using either the canonical NGG or non-canonical NAG protospacer-associated motifs (PAMs) for SpCas9 in Arabidopsis and found that the minimal mismatches were 3 bp. We selected ten candidates with three or four mismatches, most of which were in the PAM distal region (Fig. 1a; Additional file 1: Table S1). Deep sequencing to detect the off-target events revealed that gene-editing events in the ten potential off-target sites in the host genome were significantly more frequent than in the controls (Fig. 1a; Additional file 1: Table S2). Of the ten candidate sites, eight had obvious off-target alterations, and off-target candidate 8 even had an average of 0.74% alterations (Fig. 1a; Additional file 1: Table S2). Thus, the overexpressed CRISPR/Cas9 system tends to induce off-target effects in the host plants.
It has been reported that inducible editing systems generate fewer off-target events [18, 19]. We therefore developed two novel virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 systems in which the expression of Cas9 is controlled in terms of location and time to reduce off-target effects (Fig. 1b), since the expression of intergenic regions (promoters) containing conserved cis elements in the geminiviruses genome can be inducibly regulated by the viruses themselves [20–22]. To construct a virus-inducible genome-editing (VIGE) system, we selected two beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV)-inducible promoters (pV86 and pC86)  and tested their inducibility in a transient system in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The GUS gene driven by the pV86 or pC86 promoter was assembled into the pCambia1300 destination binary vector to generate constructs pV86-GUS and pC86-GUS (Additional file 1: Figures S1 and S2a). Mixed Agrobacterium cultures carrying pV86-GUS or pC86-GUS and pCambia–BSCTV clones were introduced together into N. benthamiana leaves by agroinoculation. Agrobacterium cultures harboring only pV86-GUS or pC86-GUS served as controls (Additional file 1: Figure S2b). From 4 days post infection (dpi) to 6 dpi, staining of leaves for GUS indicated that GUS expression driven by the pV86 promoter, and even more by the pC86 promoter, increased with time as the virus accumulated, while only very weak leaky expression was observed in the controls (Fig. 1c). These results indicated the pV86 and pC86 promoters were sensitive to induction by BSCTV and could be tunably trans-activated. Next, we constructed inducible CRISPR/Cas9 vectors (pV86-401 and pC86-401) with Cas9 driven by one or the other of the two BSCTV promoters and sgRNA driven by the AtU6 promoter (Additional file 1: Figure S3a). To investigate if the expression of Cas9 controlled by the two promoters could keep in pace with BSCTV accumulation, we transiently co-expressed the pV86-401 or pC86-401 vector with pCambia–BSCTV to detect the Cas9 transcription level and BSCTV accumulation in N. benthamiana leaves by agroinoculation. As shown in Fig. 1d, expression of Cas9 under both pV86 and pC86 promoters were significantly induced after BSCTV began to accumulate at 2 dpi, and pC86 promoter appeared to enable higher level induction than pV86 promoter. Thus, the inducible CRISPR/Cas9 vectors (pV86-401 and pC86-401) could rapidly response to BSCTV accumulation without delay.
To test the activities of the two systems against BSCTV, we next constructed pV86-sgRNA and pC86-sgRNA vectors using four highly active sgRNAs employed previously : sgRNAs B7/B15 target the coat protein region and sgRNAs C3/C11 target the replication initiator protein region (Additional file 1: Figure S3b). We transiently expressed each pV86-sgRNA or pC86-sgRNA vector, with pV86-401 or pC86-401 as controls, in N. benthamiana leaves, and super-infected them with the pCambia–BSCTV construct by agroinoculation 2 days later. At 10 dpi, the systemic leaves of the control plants were stunted and curled (Fig. 1e), whereas the leaves of all the experimental plants were highly resistant to the BSCTV except those receiving sgRNA pV86-C11, which unexpectedly displayed mild symptoms of infection (Fig. 1e). When we quantified virus loads in both local and systemic leaves by qPCR analysis, we found that the virus loads in virus-resistant plants were significantly lower than in control plants (Fig. 1f; Additional file 1: Table S3). We next performed T7E1 assays to assess if these constructs had generated target mutations in the BSCTV in local and systemic leaves. Clear digested bands were found among amplicons amplified from the virus DNA in local leaves but not from the virus DNA in systemic leaves (Additional file 1: Figure S4a, b). Moreover, Sanger sequencing indicated that most of the mutations in the viruses from local leaves were deletions (Additional file 1: Figure S4a, b). Thus, we conclude that these virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 systems can target BSCTV efficiently.
In the above transient system, the inducer (BSCTV) was injected into leaves together with the inducible vectors. We next used our previous method  to inject separate Agrobacterium cultures containing the experimental vector, control vector (pV86-401 or pC86-401), and pCambia–BSCTV constructs into different regions of 30-day-old tobacco leaves (Additional file 1: Figure S5a). If the inducible CRISPR/Cas9 vectors were sufficiently sensitive to be activated when virus accumulated and migrated into the region containing the vectors, virus loads would be reduced. After 6 days, we quantified virus loads in regions containing a given experimental vector or control vector and found that all the experimental vectors inhibited virus accumulation by at least 42% (Additional file 1: Figure S5b, c and Table S4). Clearly, the inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective in inhibiting virus replication.
We next assessed the anti-viral activity of the VIGE system in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The pV86-C3 and pC86-C3 constructs were introduced into plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. T2 generation plants were then infected with the virus. After 3 weeks, deformed floral structures and leaf curling were observed in the non-transgenic wild type plants (Fig. 2a). In contrast, the transgenic plants harboring the pC86-C3 construct showed strong virus-resistant phenotype similar to the positive control C3 plants that contained overexpressing Cas9 and C3 sgRNA construct . The plants containing the pV86-C3 construct displayed mild symptoms consistent with the lesser induction level observed with this promoter (Fig. 2a). In order to measure the virus loads, we employed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) [23, 24] to assess the levels of virus resistance in transgenic plants. Compared to the control plants, an average reduction of virus load of 41% relative to controls was detected in the transgenic pV86-C3 plants while virus accumulation was inhibited by over 99% in the transgenic pC86-C3 and C3 plants (Fig. 2b). These observations demonstrate that the VIGE system can efficiently increase virus resistance in transgenic plants.
Finally, we analyzed off-target effects in these transgenic plants. To explore whether the use of such an inducible system reduces off-target effects, and whether the trans-activated CRISPR/Cas9 system causes off-target effects in the act of defending viruses, we sequenced individual pV86-C3 and pC86-C3 plants before and after virus infection. We analyzed floral structures with inflorescences as well as leaves, to assess off-target effect over the entire plant. Deep sequencing did detect rare off-target modifications in transgenic plants both before and after virus infection together with non-transgenic plants (Fig. 2c and Additional file 1: Table S5), but statistical analysis showed that indel frequencies at the off-target sites in the pV86-C3 and pC86-C3 transgenic plants and non-transgenic controls did not differ (Additional file 1: Figure S6a, b). Thus, in contrast to the constitutively overexpressed CRISPR/Cas9 system, the virus-inducible system is highly specific.
Although the CRISPR/Cas9 system provides novel avenues for engineering plants resistant to DNA viruses, the problem of off-target effects in the plant genome could limit its utility. In this report, we showed that the constitutively overexpressed CRISPR/Cas9 system did indeed lead to off-target effects in host plants. To overcome this defect, we developed a virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system. By using GUS reporters and detecting Cas9 expression level, we showed that the pV86 and pC86 promoters of BSCTV were tunably and rapidly trans-activated by co-infecting BSCTV so that CRISPR/Cas9 vectors driven by the pV86 and pC86 promoters were BSCTV-inducible; they were also found to be spatially and temporally responsive and to inhibit BSCTV accumulation in both transient (N. benthamiana) and transgenic (Arabidopsis) assays (Fig. 1e, f, Fig. 2a, b and Additional file 1: Figure S4, S5).
In a previous report, we noted a correlation between Cas9 expression level and anti-viral activity . The lower expression driven by the pV86 promoter observed in the transient infection system (Fig. 1c, d), and previously , could account for that plants co-infected with the pV86-C3 vector and BSCTV showed low levels of virus resistance (Fig. 2a). This underlines the importance of choosing a strong virus-inducible promoter to create a highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system. When both pV86- and pC86-inducible systems were subjected to the off-target evaluation, no off-target effects were detected from the plants with either promoter even after excessive virus infections through the agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. This indicates the inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly reduced off-target effects—the virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system is activated quickly and is active for only a short time, thus decreasing the possibility of targeting the host genome, especially in uninfected cells.
Previous research has shown that virus-responsive promoters exist in a range of geminivirus genomes with the tight control under the viral proteins upon infection, and no evidence has been found on the induction of these promoters by other virus-unrelated conditions [20–22]. Thus, the virus inducible genome-editing system developed in this research should be widely applicable to defend plants against a variety of geminiviruses. This strategy could also decrease off-target mutations when multiplex sgRNAs are used to target several viruses. Recently, new CRISPR systems [25, 26], such as Cas13a, have been used to interfere with RNA viruses, and it should also be possible to create inducible systems that target RNA viruses.
Our findings demonstrate that off-target effects are a constraint on constitutively overexpressed CRISPR/Cas9 systems conferring geminivirus resistance in plants. The virus-inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system that we have developed as an alternative is able to target and inhibit virus accumulation with no apparent off-target effects in the host genome, thus providing a novel, practical and effective tool for producing virus-resistant plants.
We used Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes Col-0 and N. benthamiana in this study. T2 generation transgenic Arabidopsis plants, generated previously by the sgRNA C3 , were used for deep sequencing. Plant growth conditions and the production of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants were as described .
Genomic DNA of related transgenic and control plants was extracted and amplified with Phusion High-Fidelity DNA polymerase (New England Biolabs) using the primers listed in Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S5. PCR products were purified with an AxyPrep (Axygen) kit; their concentrations were normalized, and they were pooled into libraries, which were sequenced commercially (Mega Genomics, Beijing, China) by paired-end read sequencing using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. High-throughput sequencing data were analyzed with Cas-Analyzer .
The pCambia-1300 binary vector was used as a backbone. A pCambia–BSCTV vector was used as template to amplify pV86 or pC86 trans-activated promoters using primers pV86-GUS-R1-F/R or pC86-GUS-R1-F/R (Additional file 1: Table S6). The GUS-Nost fragment was amplified with primers pV86-GUS-R2-F/R or pC86-GUS-R2-F/R (Additional file 1: Table S6), and pV86 or pC86 promoter fragments together with GUS-Nost were fused into XbaI-digested pCambia-1300 by the Gibson cloning method  using a ClonExpressII One Step Cloning Kit (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) to yield pV86-GUS and pC86-GUS vectors. The pV86-GUS, pC86-GUS, and pCambia1300-BSCTV vectors were individually transformed into A. tumefaciens strain EHA105. Cultures were transferred to LB medium with kanamycin and rifampicin overnight. After centrifugation, derivatives harboring the pV86-GUS or pC86-GUS vector were resuspended in 10 mM MgCl2 and 150 μM acetosyringone to a final OD600 of 2.0, while strains harboring pCambia1300-BSCTV were resuspended to a final OD600 of 0.5. One-milliliter samples of cultures of strains harboring the pV86-GUS or pC86-GUS vector were mixed with 1 ml of cells containing pCambia1300-BSCTV and the mixed suspensions were injected into true leaves of 1-month-old N. benthamiana plants with six to eight true leaves, using a 23-gauge needle. Leaves were harvested, incubated with X-gluc to localize GUS activity , and photographed with a digital scanner.
The pHSN401  vector as a backbone vector was digested with SphI and XbaI, and pCambia–BSCTV was used as a template to amplify pV86 or pC86 trans-activated promoters using primers pV86-401-F/R or pC86-401-F/R (Additional file 1: Table S6). The amplified promoter fragments were digested with SphI and XbaI and cloned into the backbone vector to generate the pV86-401 and pC86-401 inducible vectors. sgRNA oligos were introduced into pV86-401 and pC86-401 using the primers listed in Additional file 1: Table S6. Each construct together with a blank vector was introduced individually into A. tumefaciens strain EHA105. Transient assays of their activities were performed as described , and the T7E1 assays for detecting mutations followed the previously published protocol .
A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 containing pCambia1300-BSCTV was grown at 28 °C in 2 ml LB broth with kanamycin and rifampicin to a final OD600 of 1.5, harvested by centrifugation, and resuspended to a final OD600 of 0.5. To infect Arabidopsis plants, we cut primary inflorescences when they were less than 1 cm in length and injected the cut stems with 1 ml of the suspension.
Total RNA was extracted with TRIzol (Invitrogen) then treated with RQ1 (RNA-Qualified) DNase I (Promega) and reverse transcribed into cDNA with SuperScript (Invitrogen). Cas9 transcription level was measured by qRT-PCR using SsoFast EvaGreen™ Supermix. PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein) in N. benthamiana was used as an internal control.
Genomic DNA of N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis plants was extracted with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) buffer. PPR was used as the internal control for the qPCR assays.
A QX200 droplet digital PCR system (Bio-Rad) was used for droplet digital PCR. Genomic DNA samples of 2 μl (20 ng/μl) were added to 20-μl reaction mixes of BioRad QX200 EvaGreen supermix. The primers were present at final concentrations of 100 nM. The reaction mixes were briefly vortexed, avoiding the formation of bubbles. Each 20 μl reaction mix was loaded into a cell of a BioRad DG8 cartridge followed by addition of a 70-μl droplet generation oil. The cartridge was then placed into the droplet generator for droplet generation. Droplets were transferred to a 96-well PCR plate, heat-sealed with a pierceable foil seal, and PCR amplified. Amplification was conducted under the following standard cycling conditions: 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 40 cycles of 95 °C for 30 s; 60 °C for 60 s, 4 °C for 5 min, and 90 °C for 5 min, after which the plate was held at 4 °C; ramp rate 2 °C/s. Following PCR, the plate was put onto the QX200 Droplet Digital reader. Data were collected with Quantasoft™ Software.
Xiang Ji and Xiaomin Si contributed equally to this work.
We thank Jin-Long Qiu (Institute of Microbiology, CAS) and Dan Voytas (University of Minnesota) for helpful discussion and insightful comments on the manuscript.
This work was supported by grants from the National Transgenic Science and Technology Program (2016ZX08010-002, 2018ZX0800102B-001 and 2018ZX0801002B-002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31788103), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-SMC030 and GJHZ1602).
Deep sequencing data are available under BioProject IDs PRJNA492855 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA492855)  and PRJNA492959 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA492959) .
XJ and CG designed the experiments; XJ, XS, and YZ performed the experiments; XJ, XS, and HZ analyzed the results; CG supervised the project and XJ, FZ, and CG wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Ji X, Si X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang F, Gao C. Conferring DNA virus resistance with high specificity in plants using virus-inducible genome editing system. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA492855. Accessed 24 Sept 2018.
Ji X, Si X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang F, Gao C. Conferring DNA virus resistance with high specificity in plants using virus-inducible genome editing system https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA492959. Accessed 24 Sept 2018.


Winter Jasmine. This is a deciduous plant which appears evergreen during the winter because of its green stems throughout the winter. It puts on an outstanding display of small yellow flowers from late January into March and peaks here in February. This is a great tall groundcover which will reach 2-3' in part to full sun. Its stem tips "peg" down as it grows causing it to spread quickly, but is not at all invasive. It is not at all particular as to soil, and it can be grown almost anywhere. Native to China.