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Järvi, Kasemaa, Ulfsak win Estonia's lifetime achievement award for culture ({{contentCtrl.commentsTotal}})
At its Thursday meeting, the Estonian government decided to confirm the recipients of the National Lifetime Achievement Award for Culture — conductor Neeme Järvi, actor lembit Ulfsak and theologian and translator Kalle Kasemaa.
Neeme Järvi, conductor
According to a press release from the Ministry of Culture, Järvi was nominated for the lifetime achievement award by the Estonian National Symphony Orchestra (ERSO), non-profit Järvi Festival MTÜ, Muusika magazine, the Estonian Music Council, CMA OÜ (AS Artists Management) and the Estonian Composers' Union.
The nominators called Järvi one of the most renowned conductors in the world today who conducts top orchestras and collaborates with top soloists. "The introduction of Estonian music has been very dear to Järvi's heart," CMA OÜ added in its statement. "This contribution must be considered invaluable, because without it, the world would know significantly less about such composers as Eduard Tubin, Rudolf Tobias, Artur Kapp and many others."
Lembit Ulfsak, actor
Ulfsak was nominated for the award by the Estonian Drama Theatre, the Estonian Film Industry Cluster, Theatre Vanemuine, the Estonian Theatre Association and the Association of Professional Actors of Estonia. In their statements, Ulfsak was called a charming and charismatic actor whose roles — from Ukuaru Aksel to the leading role in "Tangerines" — comprise a vivid gallery worthy of recognition. It was also stated that Ulfsak undoubtedly has had the most outstanding film career of any Estonian actor and that his talent has crossed borders. "There are few people whose work and talent have touched the hearts of so many people," the Estonian Film Industry Cluster added in their statement.
Kalle Kasemaa, theologian, translator
In its statement, the University of Tartu called Kasemaa one of the most versatile translators and humanities scholars in Estonia. "It can definitely be said that, for Estonia, he is the best living intermediary and interpreter of the cultures of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries, but he can also be compared to Estonian scholars who are already deceased, especially Uku Masing, who was one of Kasemaa's most important teachers," the university noted in its statement. The Tallinn City Theatre also highlighted Kasemaa's more than 60 translations from Hebrew, Yiddish, Greek, Persian, Arabic, Ethiopian, Welsh and other languages, thanks to which Estonia's linguistic space is one of the richest in the world.
The National Lifetime Achievement Award for Culture is presented for outstanding long-term creative activity, with three such awards presented annually. The amount of the award is €64,000.
The awards will be presented together with the national sports awards, science awards and the Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann Language Prize in an event at the Academy of Sciences Hall in Tallinn on Feb. 24 at 1:30 p.m.
Editor: Editor: Aili Vahtla
Gallery: Drama Theater hands out Ants awards
Tartu nominated for environment and climate award
"Undergods" art director Elo Soode nominated for UK film award
Vox Clamantis album nominated for Edison Award
'Disco Elysium' creators win President's Young Cultural Figure award
Neeme Järvi celebrates 80th birthday with ERSO concerts
global estonians
Global Estonian Report: January 13-20


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Jerry Sullivan, former LA Business Journal editor who now runs his own media outlet called SullivanSays SoCal, interviews Michelson Impact Ventures Managing Director Phillip Kim about Michelson's 50-company portfolio and social impact investment philosophy—doing well by doing good.
Jerry Sullivan 00:01
This is Jerry Sullivan for 'Making an Impact with Michelson Philanthropies.' This edition has been recorded remotely in observance of social distancing, please excuse any inconsistencies in the audio. Today we're going to talk with Phillip Kim, Managing Director of Michelson Impact Ventures. Phillip brings his background and venture capital to the entrepreneurship that melds with philanthropy under the Michelson umbrella. Welcome, Phillip.
Phillip Kim 00:30
Thank you, Jerry.
Let's start with the basics. There's a lot of concepts out there: social enterprises, environmental, social, and governance investment approaches. And in the case of your organization, impact investing. Can you just give us a little walk through the lexicon there? And are there differences? And how would you explain them?
Sure, I guess first, it should be noted that this is an actively evolving space. And there's still some debate about how those different terms of art kind of Venn diagram or you know, sit and nest within each other. And so there's a lot of confusion. So I don't know if I need to throw up a legal disclaimer or anything, but generally how we think about it, and I think everything that you just mentioned sits under this term of socially responsible investing or SRI. And the unifying theme across all those categories comes down to deploying capital with an intentionality, an intentionality of generating some sort of positive social outcome or social impact. And within that, mission related investments is kind of that main subset of SRI where we live. And it's probably the most widely used term and is usually interchangeable with impact investing. And MRIs are what they sound like, they are investments that generate a reasonable rate of return while aligning to some social mission of the organization. But MRIs do not have any specific legal definition or requirement under charitable guidelines or other constraints. And so Michelson Impact Ventures, we say that we are social change fund, deploying impact investment capital into early stage, purpose driven, but for-profit startups, and we work in the education technology, healthcare, future of work, future of food, human-animal bond, and sustainability sectors. And the specific vehicle that we use, because we are routing all of these through our 501c3 organizations is a subset of MRI called program related investments. So program related investments are essentially MRIs but PRIs have additional requirements that they must, for example, further an explicit charitable exempt purpose of an organization and cannot be solely focused on profit. And this is where our entire 50 company portfolio lives. There's also the additional requirement in most of these sectors that profits that are realized must be used then in the future for exempt purposes with PRIs, so in practice, we of course, see these investments as direct impact vehicles, but also as a means to power future impact investment work, grant making, or programmatic capacity as well.
And so you have a foot in two worlds, philanthropy and the world of commerce, and where do you fit in each? When you try and explain to somebody from the commerce side, what are we, and when you try to explain to the philanthropic side, where do you fit in each of them?
Well, I think in the 12 years that I've worked with Dr. Michelson and and Alya, we realized that there are real limitations to grant making, and often that in those blind spots, a complimentary market oriented, market driven approach can be extremely effective. I think we all can acknowledge or sense that there's an agility, a nimbleness, a scale factor often and maybe some sustainability elements as well that are inherent to profit driven startups that are absent from the nonprofit world. So all of our portfolio companies, though, are very closely aligned to our programmatic areas of focus. In terms of where we sit in that universe, we are very close to the look, feel and function of traditional early stage venture capital investments. So we try to always be catalytic capital, the earliest riskiest capital that's vital for these companies to survive to that next phase of venture funding and broader impact. And we stay with those companies through growth rounds and hopefully an exit. And so most of our 50 company portfolio has come through one of our accelerator programs, Michelson Runway, in the education and work space and Leap Venture Studio in the healthcare and sustainability and that world. So where we bring in cohorts of founders and provide not just capital but support on everything from product market fit to customer equity, fundraising, branding and more, this really goes back to the DNA of our founder, who's a physician, but made his fortune as an inventor, and is really still very deeply entrenched in the innovation ecosystem. So it's really sort of that spirit and legacy that really binds us to these earliest stages. And we want to be with innovators at that critical point.
And so you have the entrepreneurial drive captured in the DNA. And of course, the mission of backing ideas, innovations that improve life are really truly the broader mission of the whole Michelson Philanthropies approach. Is this a case of looking to do well by doing good? Is it that simple? And how difficult can it get?
Yeah, if you think about it at the individual investment level, at the portfolio company level, yeah, I think all those common addages broadly apply, companies that do well, by doing good, that marry purpose and profit, conscious capitalism. You hear a lot of the two sided labels there. And I think as the space matures, and more investors come into it, we hear different ways that people explain how these companies can be characterized, as the engine and tires of a race car, the train tracks on the locomotive. One metaphor that I found, actually, to be pretty succinct recently was from an MD at another major foundation, and they described one of these companies in the sense of a simple bicycle, where the back wheel which is generating all the forward force, is profit. So the enterprise is driven by financial return. But the front wheel that's guiding and steering the business is impact and purpose. And so for us, I think we go a little bit further and we are pretty deliberate in our impact first philosophy, where we say we will only invest in a company where its financial success is wholly contingent on its success from a social impact perspective. One exemplar from our portfolio is a company called Wild Earth. This is a company that recognized that meat and kibble is responsible for up to a third of the environmental impact of meat consumption in the US. And they engineered a proprietary Koji based protein creation process, and you're familiar with Koji if you've had miso soup, that produces natural, clean and extremely efficient protein. And that's the heart of their business. And already in their brief time in market, they've replaced 10 million meals. The impact is the core of that company. So that really is what we look for. But at the same time, we do want those companies to be able to scale that impact. So making sure that we are picking founders and betting on companies that will be able to grow the business to the point where that exponentially grows, that 10 million meals save that impact of their protein is able to continue on a climb. And while they were, for example, it was just able to raise another round of funding at somewhere north of $100 million valuation, so this is the kind of story that we're looking for, where it's core to the business, and we can hope for that large scale factor impact.
And of course, a key to the story will always be execution. So you want to make the impact and of course, also looking to have it to make business sense, and that requires execution. You have an example in Edquity. Tell us about Edquity as a challenge and how that's gone. And maybe that's a good example for our listeners.
Yeah, instead of challenge, I might use the word opportunity for Edquity. And it's one that we're at the moment very excited about, because it's just so core, and so well aligned to one of our programmatic priorities, which is emergency student aid. Edquity in a nutshell, is a platform that is bringing emergency student aid out of the dark ages. The idea is that, for many students, particularly lower income students, an unforeseen expense of $300 or something like that can mean the difference of dropping out or finishing out a semester. There's a lot of research now that shows that a car break down a dental bill, anything like that, can really derail a student on their educational path. So more and more institutions have emergency student aid dollars that are earmarked for situations like that, but the way that they're delivered, it was extremely underutilized. It was inefficient. There was no way often for many of those institutions to even track the impact of those dollars after students received aid. It was done in a physical location on campus, so a student might go in, and it could be two or three weeks before they got an answer on these things. And so that I think fundamentally is at odds with the idea of emergency student aid. And with Edquity, those applications can now be finished by a student on their mobile device in seven minutes on average, decisions are turned around within 24 hours and funds hit the very next day. And not only that, the process removes stigma and biases and actually allows for institutions to track the impact of the aid for those particular students, as crazy as that idea sounds. So Edquity did a recent pilot with our friends at Compton College and found that the students that were on the Edquity platform and had access to this resource were twice as likely to graduate as students that weren't. And if you think about what that means for the system, and the reason why Edquity for us is such a promising company, is that the very existence of that platform should change the way system leaders, legislators, other folks manage the purse strings of emergency student aid. It should change the way they think about that. The research is there to show that this is a very effective and high return intervention. And that now you have a legitimate tool in your kit to help these students in their time of need, and be able to support them and persist to a degree hopefully. Now, Edquity has already deployed almost $30 million in aid, but as we realize in this era with COVID and everything else, and we start to have a better understanding of just how food and housing insecure students in the California Community College System, but Community College systems across the country, are, we do think that Edquity is going to be at the forefront of changing the conversation of how we think about emergency student aid. And this is exactly, it's a perfect exemplar of what we want to surface and uplift in our investments. This is something that can directly impact millions of students. But it has another level of scale factor to it, because it fundamentally transforms the calculus and the nature of the way we talk about it even in a legislative context or in a policy sphere.
And just to let listeners know, we're talking about student aid, not student loans. So this is not microlending. The company itself is really a service provider that would facilitate this for a school or campus or system, is that the way to understand it?
Correct. These are sort of small grants, in time grants for students for their educational success.
And you mentioned earlier Dr. Gary Michelson, who started his foundation with his wife Alya, nd he's described the mission as 'making life a little less unfair.' What does that mean in practice for your wing of the organization?
That philosophy from Dr. Michelson and Alya, I think really permeates all the different branches of the Michelson entities. Specifically for us, our vision statement is 'to accelerate progress towards a more just and compassionate world.' The example of Edquity is definitely emblematic of that. We want to support companies and founders that will better serve the underserved, that will foster more equitable opportunities and greater access. Another example is our latest investment as well in a company called New Apprenticeship, which focuses on bringing underrepresented minorities into tech careers by providing them earn-as-you-learn pathways. And these are for students that have historically not had the luxury of being able to take an unpaid internship. These are real pathways into tech jobs. But I think we also take that idea of making the world less unfair in a different context, not just in terms of the audiences or markets we serve, but also in terms of the founders and the companies that we invest in. At the moment, we hope to continue to grow this because we've been very deliberate about it, 64% of our portfolio companies have a female founder or founder of color, which is about four times the broader venture market. And it's not just about setting a quota and meeting it, it's about really supporting and growing the ecosystem of diverse founders, and actually recognizing that companies with diverse founders tend to outperform the broader market. As an example, in this vein, we're part of a new platform called Coalition Venture Studio, which is trying to further address this VC funding gap, where if you look at the broader market, less than 1% of total venture capital is going to Black founders. So we alongside groups like Silicon Valley Bank, Harlem Capital, Mag Venture Capital, are a founding partner for this new model of innovation platform powered by a big national agency called RGA. And this is the digital agency behind Nike, Mercedes, Netflix, Samsung, a lot of marquee brands. The intention here is to open up the world of those agency resources and connections to those different corporations to up-and-coming Black founders, and that could result in mentorship pilot programs, direct investments. It's about continuing to uplift that entire ecosystem so that we have more representation at the founder level, because we think those folks have insights that can serve the audiences and markets that we care about as well.
We hear a lot about de-risking, of course, everybody likes to remove as much risk as possible from any investment or business or anything else. And it seems to be really at the heart of trying to blend that marketplace drive with the desire to make life a little more fair. Talk to us a little bit about de-risking. How do you try to do that and at what point do you say, there is some risk so we're going to go forward?
Well, we are always of the mindset that we're okay with the risk. We want to de-risk opportunities for others. Again, it goes back to that Michelson DNA, that legacy that we want to be with founders at that critical point. And the idea of de-risking, it goes back to one of those common venture frameworks. There's this moment for many startups, I think all startups, where you cannot generate enough revenue to effectively fundraise and be investable but you need to fundraise in order to get to that revenue level. So it's this classic catch-22 moment where these founders are just not investable, and they're struggling. This is referred to generally as the 'pioneer gap.' And it is often most pronounced for impact oriented companies versus your traditional consumer or enterprise play, just because there's more friction on that path to get to that early revenue. So our role as we see it is to provide that patient, risk tolerant and expert capital to carry companies through, to de-risk them enough so that they are more investable to the broader venture market, and therefore their mission of making the world fair gets to see the light of day because they're able to cross this chasm, which is for many founders, the end of the road. We see our place kind of playing that critical role, particularly for founders and companies that are mission aligned, and then you feel it when they hit that next phase of their evolution. It's happening now with Edquity. It certainly happened with Wild Earth. There's another company in our portfolio called Shameless Pets, they saw an opportunity into the 63 million pounds of food waste that's generated every year and they go out and rescue unused ingredients or upcycle to create functional treats for dogs. And since our involvement with them through our Leap Venture Studio, they now have distribution in thousands of Whole Foods locations Wegmans, Target, Costco, they're upcycling 500,000 pounds of food, and raising now another round from a much more traditional set of venture capitalists. So for us, that's exactly the outcome we're looking for. We play at that stage to make sure that we can be part of that inflection point where they are de-risked to become more investable, and therefore their impact tends to have a better shot of seeing the light of day.
And you have 50 companies.
We do.
Is there room for more? Is that a number you can see growing? Do you have a limit to your capacity on that?
Well, the venture model, unfortunately, is that there's quite a bit of attrition, you know, for most. We've been lucky that most of those companies are still around and operating. It's pretty amazing that a 50 company portfolio still exists in its form, but we will start to see acquisitions and exits. Four of our companies were recently acquired, and we hope to see many more in the next 12 to 24 months. A lot of our companies now are nearing cumulatively a $200 million mark in terms of follow on funding since our participation. So that kind of growth and the pace at which the companies will continue to progress will also hopefully lead to more acquisitions and exits there as well. 50 is a pretty large number for any fund. But I think we continue to see great companies in the ecosystem. So our hope is that we can continue and we'll start to realize some of the successes there as well, but keep on moving forward at a similar pace.
And where would someone go to learn more about the organization?
Our current landing page, because this is sort of a new banner for us at Michelson Impact Ventures, is at michelsonventures.com, and certainly you can look at any one of our single accelerator programs, Leap Venture Studio and Michelson Runway, but feel free to reach out if there's any interest. If you're a founder that's looking for funding and are mission aligned or if there's anyone in your orbit that is, please don't hesitate to reach out.
Great job. Phillip, thank you for your time and your insights. It's been a pleasure and keep up the good work.
Phillip Kim 18:45 Thank you.
This has been 'Making an Impact with Michelson Philanthropies.' For more information, visit michelsonphilanthropies.org. That's Michelson spelled M I C H E L S O N.
Nov 9, 2021 | 20 Million Minds, Media, Podcast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This recall involves the Three Man Monodome Tent, Model 713, imported by Jarvis Sports Ltd. The camping tent is shaped like a dome with green walls, a yellow fly that covers the roof vent, white netting and green flooring.
The recalled tent can be identified by the Model Number 713 and the UPC 774073713005.
Health Canada's auditing process revealed that the materials used in this tent do not meet the requirements for tent flammability under Canadian law. The tent could easily catch fire if exposed to a flame or other ignition source such as a campfire spark, and cause severe burns to consumers.
The tent also lacks accurate warnings required for flammable products. Inaccurate warnings may result in misuse of the product and lead to serious injury.
Health Canada has not received reports of incidents or injuries to Canadians related to the use of this tent.
Consumers should immediately stop using the recalled tents and dispose of them or return them to Jarvis Imports Ltd. for a full product refund.
For additional information, consumers may contact Jarvis Imports Ltd. at 1 800 663 2289.
Approximately 1,200 of the recalled tents were sold at various Jarvis authorized dealers in Canada.
The recalled tents were sold from April 2008 to February 2010.


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- Below is the latest episode of WWE's "List This!" series with Vic Joseph looking at 5 Superstars who benefited from previous Superstar Shakeups.
Don't miss any of the action on the first night of the Superstar Shake-up, live at 8/7 C on USA Network.
- Braun Strowman recently documented how he was getting into the best shape of his life for WrestleMania 35 on his personal Instagram page. He received a custom training schedule and fitness program from IFBB Pro powerlifter Israel Hernandez Jr. of The Iron Clad Gym. Strowman promised he would enter the biggest show of the year in the best physical shape he's ever been in, and he posted an update to Instagram yesterday. Braun noted that he cut down and dropped weight for WrestleMania, but now he's looking forward to bulking back up.
"Still can't believe I did this!!!! Never in a million years did I think I would be disciplined enough to cut down this much," wrote Strowman, who won the 6th Annual Andre the Giant Memorial Battle Royal last Sunday. "I loved the process but now it's time to bulk!!!!! #BiggerFasterStronger #TheMonster #TheMoreYouEatTheMoreYouEat #Gainz #BulkingSeason"


Busy all the morning, settling things against my going out of towne this night. After dinner, late took horse, having sent for Lashmore to go with me, and so he and I rode to Dagenhams in the dark. There find the whole family well. It was my Lord Crew's desire that I should come, and chiefly to discourse with me of Lord Sandwich's matters; and therein to persuade, what I had done already, that my Lord should sue out a pardon for his business of the prizes, as also for Bergen, and all he hath done this year past, before he begins his Embassy to Spayne. For it is to be feared that the Parliament will fly out against him and particular men, the next Session. He is glad also that my Lord is clear of his sea-imployment, though sorry as I am, only in the manner of its bringing about. By and by to supper, my Lady Wright very kind. After supper up to wait on my Lady Crew, who is the same weake silly lady as ever, asking such saintly questions. Down to my Lord again and sat talking an houre or two, and anon to prayers the whole family, and then all to bed, I handsomely used, lying in the chamber Mr. Carteret formerly did, but sat up an houre talking sillily with Mr. Carteret and Mr. Marre, and so to bed.
Erasure poem derived from The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Wednesday 17 January 1666.


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Zhoř – gmina w Czechach, w powiecie Igława, w kraju Wysoczyna.

1 stycznia 2017 gminę zamieszkiwało 449 osób, a ich średni wiek wynosił 39,0 roku.

Przypisy

Gminy w powiecie Igława

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In September 1911, as construction of the railroad's tote road approached Tête Jaune Cache, two young American adventurers, A. C. Jennison and D.C. Adams, freighted a canoe through the Yellowhead Pass to Resplendent. They canoed down the Fraser River until they reached the box canyon above Tête Jaune Cache, where their canoe capsized in an eddy and they both drowned. Weeks later their bodies were found, one of them at the point of this island a few miles below the Cache.


To view this job/internship listing, you must be a currently registered OSU student or alum and have an existing Beaver JobNet account. If you are eligible and do not have an account, register now. Beaver JobNet is a great way to get your job or internship search started. Meet employers from a variety of organizations.
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< Back to All >
Michael Ross
Michael has joined Carson Law as a Litigation Partner concentrating his practice in the areas of commercial litigation, premises liability, municipal liability, products liability, transportation and construction losses, and estate and trust litigation. He has represented clients on appeals including arguing before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, and he has argued before the Indiana State Supreme Court.
Prior to joining Carson LLP, he served as a Deputy Prosecuting Attorney in St. Joseph County, Indiana where he handled numerous bench and jury trials. While in St. Joseph County, he served on the Drug, Alcohol and Firearm Team, and the St. Joseph County Fatal Alcohol Crash Team (F.A.C.T.), which is a team that investigates crashes that result in a fatality or serious bodily injury which are suspected to be caused due to drugs or alcohol.
During Mike's free time, he enjoys spending time with his family, reading, playing the guitar and golfing.
Transportation and Construction Losses
Estate and Trust Litigation
U.S. District Court Northern District of Indiana
U.S. District Court Southern District of Indiana
J.D. – 2012
B.A. – 2009
Selected for inclusion in The 2021 and 2022 Best Lawyers in America®: Ones to Watch publications in the areas of commercial litigation and insurance law
Named a "Rising Star" in the Indiana Super Lawyers publication in 2019 and 2021
Professional Associations and Memberships
Member, Allen County Bar Association
Member, Indiana State Bar Association
For legal advice and representation, connect with the team at one of our three office locations:
FORT WAYNE, IN OFFICE
Carson LLP
301 West Jefferson Boulevard,
Fort Wayne, Indiana 46802
BLOOMINGTON, IN OFFICE
5010 N. Stone Mill Road,
GRAND RAPIDS, MI OFFICE
250 Monroe NW,


National Council on Teacher Quality. (2011). Licensure Loopholes national results. State Teacher Policy Database. [Data set].
IA: Iowa only requires subject-matter testing for elementary teachers.
UT: There is a potential loophole in Utah, as alternate route teachers appear able to delay passage of subject-matter tests.
WY: Wyoming only requires subject-matter testing for elementary and social studies teachers.
Teachers who have not passed licensing tests may place students at risk.
Research has shown that "the difference in student performance in a single academic year from having a good as opposed to a bad teacher can be more than one full year of standardized achievement." See E. Hanushek, "The Trade-Off between Child Quantity and Quality," The Journal of Political Economy 100 No. 1 (1992): 84-117. Hanushek has also found that highly effective teachers can improve future student earnings by more than $400,000, assuming a class of 20. "The Economic Value of Higher Teacher Quality." National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 16606 (2010).


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Farrokhabad () may refer to:

Alborz Province
Farrokhabad, Alborz, a village in Karaj County

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
 Farrokhabad, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a village in Kuhrang County

Ilam Province
Farrokhabad, Dehloran
Farrokhabad, Zarrinabad, Dehloran County

Kerman Province
Farrokhabad, Anbarabad, a village in Anbarabad County
Farrokhabad, Esmaili, a village in Anbarabad County
Farrokhabad, Rafsanjan, a village in Rafsanjan County

Lorestan Province
Farrokhabad-e Olya, Delfan
Farrokhabad-e Olya, Kuhdasht
Farrokhabad-e Sofla

Razavi Khorasan Province
Farrokhabad, Mashhad
Farrokhabad, Nishapur


You are stylish and original, complex and interesting. You're a collection of experiences that shape your life. Lizzy James honors you with handcrafted artisan pieces that reflect the many layers of you. Each Lizzy James piece is an expression of an emotion, a flicker of a moment, a note in your song. Our passion is to create ways for you to express your artful, authentic self. That's why Lizzy James creates versatile pieces that look effortless and fit every size beautifully. Carats is proud to offer this handcrafted jewelry that is made in the United States.
Many More Styles are Available at Carats!


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Q: css transitions determine new assigned value div {
    transition-property: opacity;
    transition-duration: 2s;
  }

The above example defines a transition on the 'opacity' property that, when a new value is assigned to it, will cause a smooth change between the old value and the new value over a period of two seconds. (с) w3c http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-transitions/
How can I determine with jQuery/javascript this new value? Only by parse stylesheet or there is more convenient way?

A: You can get the value of the opacity with jQuery's css function, see this fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/RTd3c/ (click OK on the alert boxes quickly!).
Is this what you were after?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Utterly delicious goodness going on with this tomato and white bean stew.
Think of this as a bed if you will, for pan fried polenta, grilled halloumi or baking with feta. Or eat as is.
Do y'aw thang, the basic stew is vegan as it is.
Heat the oil in a decent sized frying pan and gently cook the shallots for 6-7 mins until really soft. Add the garlic for the last few seconds of this cooking time, then stir in the tomatoes and baby capers to get the tomatoes coated.
Add the stock and beans and simmer for another 7 mins or there abouts, until the tomatoes start to burst.
Stir most of the basil through, season and taste. Serve with more basil on top.
A paired back (and veegs) version of Bon Appétit's white beans with tomatoes and spinach, and very summery it is too.
Yum that's looks so tasty – I love a good hearty stew!
Aww, me too! Thanks so much, it's delicious and so speedy. Have a lovely evening.
Absolute perfection! Mmmm, enjoy and have a great weekend. Thanks!


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You asked: How many rules for discernment did St Ignatius include in the Spiritual Exercises?
How many rules of discernment are there?
What are the 7 steps of discernment?
What is discernment in Ignatian Spirituality?
What are the four steps in St Ignatius of Loyola's model for discernment?
How do you pray for discernment?
What is the first rule of discernment?
What is the difference between discernment and judgement?
What does the Bible say about discernment of spirits?
Is discernment a gift of the Spirit?
Ignatius' guidelines for the discernment of spirits fall into four major categories: (1) seven attitudes or personal qualities required for an authentic discernment of spirits, (2) three different "times" or conditions during which decisions are made, (3) seven practical techniques which can be helpful in the …
There are seven steps of discernment to be followed that include identifying the issue, taking time to pray about the choice, making a wholehearted decision, discussing the choice with a mentor and then finally trusting the decision made.
Pondering and noticing interior movements of attraction and heaviness are at the heart of Ignatian discernment. Discernment involves prayer and weighing facts and feelings about the several good choices which ultimately leads to a choice about what is the best fit for an individual.
IMPORTANT: What were the consequences of the Salem witch trials?
Ignatius is credited with uncovering a style of decision-making that includes these steps: • Identify the concern which is prompting a decision • Recognize that whatever decision is ultimately made, it should be for the greater glory and praise of God • Understand that if you ask, God will guide you to do what pleases …
Discernment Prayers
A Prayer for Wisdom and Peace When Making Big Decisions.
Deep Listening.
Help Me To Discern.
Your Heart Today.
Give Me Discerning Eyes.
Prayer for Communal Discernment in a Meeting.
Help Me Learn To Read My Heart.
First, discernment of spirits always involves choosing between "goods" (such as between religious life and marriage) and not between good and evil. If our decision is between something good and something evil (such as cheating on a test), that's not a matter for discernment. We just need to do what we know is right.
Discernment and judgement are closely related
The original meanings of the words "judgement" and "discernment" are quite close. Judgement, however, implies something more definitive in the way it tends to be used. A sort of, "this is the final answer", feeling. And, that can be dangerous.
Apostle Paul mentions the gift of discerning of spirits in 1 Cor. 12:10. St. John Chrysostom in the interpretation of this passage says that these words mean the ability to tell who is spiritual and who is not, who is prophet and who is not since at the time of Apostle Paul, there were false prophets deluding people.
IMPORTANT: What is the spiritual meaning of Skyler?
The scriptures talk about the "discerning of spirits" as a gift of the Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:10; D&C 46:23). It means "to understand or know something through the power of the Spirit. …
Witch 0
When was last witch burned?
When was last witch trial? Spofford of attempting to harm her through his "mesmeric"
How many times mantras should be chanted?
Reciting mantras has the ability to change psyche, body, and soul. But, while chanting
What does it mean to be spiritually transformed?
What is the meaning of spiritual transformation? Spiritual transformation refers primarily to a fundamental
You asked: Where does the word spiritual come from?
The term "spiritual", matters "concerning the spirit", is derived from Old French spirituel (12c.),
Question: What is the oldest college mascot?
Handsome Dan: Yale University. Perhaps the reason we have mascots at all. Handsome Dan
Why was the scarab amulet worn?
The Egyptians saw the Egyptian scarab (Scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and
Best answer: Can you learn things in your dreams?
What does it mean to dream of a leaky roof?
Who wrote the song lucid dreams?
What type of word is divine?
Is the dream stone real?
What does it mean if you aren't in your dream?
What does blueberries mean in a dream?


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to the website of INTERSTAHL.
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You want to make personalized information available to the users of your application for as long as each remains active, without having to access a database each time the information is needed and regardless of the number of pages traversed.
Create a class in which to store the personalized data, instantiate the class and load the data, store the data object in the Session object, and then access the data from the Session object as required.
Check to see if the object used to store the personalized data exists in the Session object.
If the object exists, retrieve the object from Session. If the object does not exist, instantiate the class used for the personalized data and store it in the Session object.
Use the data as required in your application.
A simple example that illustrates this solution is shown in Examples Example 6-6 through Example 6-10. The example uses the class shown in Example 6-6 (CH06PersonalDataVB for VB) and Example 6-7 (CH06PersonalDataCS for C#) to provide a container for some simple personalization data. This class contains properties for each of the data items and a default constructor.


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You are here: Home / Education / Higher Education / With free speech eroding, UW stood strong through Yiannopoulos controversy
With free speech eroding, UW stood strong through Yiannopoulos controversy
February 15, 2017 by Rob McKenna 8 Comments
We've seen it on campus after campus across the country, as controversial speakers (and even plenty that aren't that controversial) are disinvited, shouted down, or threatened to stay away.
We've seen it in aggressive protestors who see no irony in declaring a speech they disagree with "assault," then turn around and call it "free speech" when they use physical tactics or violence to shut down an event.
We've seen it in polling among young people, who increasingly show a likelihood to support limits on speech that they find offensive. We've even seen it in a presidential candidate who said he wanted to "open up" our libel laws to make lawsuits over speech easier.
Yes, it's fair to say that public support for free speech has eroded somewhat. Blame it on shifting attitudes, stark political divides, the decline in civics education, or some other favored theory. No matter, it's clear that reverence for the 1st Amendment isn't what it used to be.
Not "kinda free" speech – just free, unfettered speech
It's almost like free speech is a concept that needs to be re-explained. You may not be able to "shout 'fire' in a crowded theater," as the famous example goes, but free speech is a constitutional right with few restrictions.
Political speech is supposed to be the most protected of all. Compared to many other countries, America's constitution is absolutist on free speech. We all have the same right to state our views, seek to persuade others, and broadcast our beliefs.
There is no carve out for "offensive speech." No one has a right to shut out voices they disagree with. The 1st Amendment does not allow the government to silence radical voices or opposition parties. Broadly speaking, anything that is not a direct threat or incitement to violence is fair game.
The Milo Yiannopoulos circus
No one on the scene today is providing a travelling lesson in free speech quite like Milo Yiannopoulos. He's a bleached-blonde, gay, Trump-supporting provocateur. Controversy follows him wherever he goes – or rather, he creates it.
Like Ann Coulter or Tucker Max before him, Yiannopoulos's business model is dependent on provocation, backlash, and controversy to feed his press coverage. Without it, there would be no wealthy benefactors paying for his tour (he says he does not charge student groups a speaking fee) and no long lines of supporters waiting to catch a glimpse of the show.
Predictably, his opposition provides him with the backlash he needs. Between groups who simply want to counter him, and groups who want to use his campus visits to fundraise for themselves, Yiannopoulos can count on the compelling chaos he needs to feed the attention machine.
UW's president chose the right path
At Yiannopoulos's recent speech at the University of Washington, all the elements were in place. Opponents demanded that UW bar him from campus for hate speech. Supporters poured onto campus, many in MAGA hats, while demonstrators heckled them (and some tried to block attendees from getting to the hall). Counter-demonstrators protested the protesters. There were scuffles and a shooting. The chaos helped Yiannopoulos extend his brand.
These types of events put universities in a bind, but UW made clear throughout that it supports free speech. The UW College Republicans can request to rent a hall and bring in a speaker, just like any other campus group. The speaker's beliefs have no bearing on his, or the student group's, free speech rights.
Before and after the Yiannopoulos visit, UW president Ana Mari Cauce stood firm. She told the Chronicle of Higher Education after the event:
"One of the things that I think is so wonderful about a university is that, in so many ways, it's the commons. It's really important to preserve that commons. One thing I think it's really important that we not do is to have our campuses become gated communities in order to try to maintain safety."
That's exactly the right approach. As she noted in the same interview, "And one of the reasons why we let Yiannopoulos go on is that how can you shut him down and not shut down a Black Lives Matter protest?"
The far left criticized Cauce for not barring Yiannopoulos from campus. The far right knocked her for making it clear she doesn't approve of Yiannopoulos's message. But on the key point – to stand up for free speech, or cave to pressure groups – Cauce made the correct, and brave, choice. That has nothing to do with the specific message, and everything to do with preserving everyone's right to speak freely.
-Rob McKenna
Rob McKenna
Rob served two terms as Washington's Attorney General, from 2005 to 2013. He successfully argued three cases before the U.S. Supreme Court and negotiated three of the largest consumer financial protection settlements in national history, all involving mortgage lending and servicing. He is a recognized leader in the development of consumer protections on the internet, in data protection and privacy regulation.
Latest posts by Rob McKenna (see all)
The end game is obvious - August 18, 2018
Symbolism vs. effectiveness in helping the environment - August 17, 2018
Our national debt is a pressing problem, but it's being ignored - July 29, 2018
Filed Under: Featured, Higher Education


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DVM group to Construct a New Hotel for B&L Gruppe at Keleti Railway Station
DVM group signed a contract with German developer B&L group to build a hotel at Baross square, Budapest. The new player on the Hungarian market entrusted DVM group with the construction planning and the construction works of their hotel project in Budapest. This mandate is one of the largest instructions DVM group has won on the Hungarian market to date. Planning and preparations already started early November. The scheduled delivery date of the building is 2020.
The 3-star superior hotel will be situated right next to Keleti Railway Station, a vital transport hub of the Capital. With two metro lines, various bus, trolleybus and tram services arriving to this major train station, the location is a popular, buzzing urban area in close vicinity of the city center. The 312-room hotel, together with a residential building of 45 apartments will be erected on the development site at the south side of Baross square. The gross built area of the project will be approx. 26,000 sq m. The hotel will be operated by Intercity chain, part of the Steigenberger Group/Deutsche Hospitality.
Tamás Sellyey, Operational and Sales Director of DVM group commented: "We are extremely pleased that after thorough negotiations a prestigious German developer chose us to realize their first Hungarian project. This mandate is an important milestone to further increase the proportion of instructions received from the open market. The assignment is also another great opportunity to demonstrate the cooperation between our divisions, as well as to exploit the synergies of our unrivalled complex services for the benefit of the clients."
Thorsten Testorp, managing partner of B&L group added: "DVM group's strong local track record and high-quality approach for planning and building supported the decision to choose them as a local new partner for this turn-key development. Hotel developments have their specifics and DVM group is suited to take up the challenge, setting a strong promising precedent for further joint developments in Budapest and the region."
B&L group has already proved themselves through a great number of hotel projects in major cities all over Germany. On top of that, they also developed various shopping, office and residential properties in their domestic market. With a history spanning over almost half a century, the Hamburg-based family-owned company now has over 180 successful projects under its belt.
Joachim Marusczyk, Managing Director of IntercityHotel GmbH is looking forward to the new opening in Hungary: "Budapest is a city with a great past and lots of potential. We are delighted that our brand will soon be able to offer a centrally positioned and modern hotel in such an attractive metropolis."
The Hotel and the apartment house was designed by pbp - prasch buken europlan / Gergely Fernezelyi with participation of FBIS.


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Ashley Ahearn
Ashley Ahearn is the host of terrestrial, a national podcast on the environment, produced out of KUOW in Seattle.
Ashley brings more than a decade of experience covering the environment at the local and national level. Her stories have appeared on Marketplace, Morning Edition, Here and Now, The World and other NPR and PRI shows. She holds a masters in science journalism from the Annenberg School at the University of Southern California.
Check out terrestrial at: http://kuow.org/terrestrial
Follow Ashley on Twitter @aahearn
Visit Ashley's profile on KUOW.org
This 18-year-old from New York is suing the Trump administration over climate change
When it comes to setting climate change policy in the US, kids don't have much of a voice because they can't vote. But they can go to court. So a group of 21 young people are suing the Trump Administration for failing to adequately tackle the climate crisis.
How climate change and Donald Trump brought an end to this diplomat's career
Dave Rank was the top US diplomat in China until President Donald Trump announced he would pull the US out of the Paris Climate Agreement. That's when he knew his 27-year career in the US foreign service would be over.
Calling over boat noise is making endangered orcas hungrier
Undersea noise levels are increasing in the Pacific Northwest, as thousands of freighters, ferries and other vessels motor up and down the coast. Some new research details how all that noise might make life harder for endangered marine mammals.
How will the Pacific Northwest change when its glaciers are gone?
Glaciers are key contributors to drinking water supplies, hydropower generation and salmon survival in the Pacific Northwest. Scientists aren't sure exactly when the glaciers will disappear. It could be within a few decades. It has been 4,000 years since the glaciers have receded this much.
Calling Over Boat Noise Is Making Orcas Hungry
The Pacific Northwest is a nautical hub for ships and naval training, and the resulting engine noise is drowning out local marine life. Endangered orcas struggling to be heard increase the volume of their calls, and as EarthFixs Ashley Ahearn reports, this extra effort requires them to eat more, and could stress the whales.
Record-low snowpack in Pacific Northwest could be 'dress rehearsal' for climate change
Low levels of snow melt in California and the Pacific Northwest could be harbinger of things to come, but one expert says the silver lining is that it gives officials a way to examine and prepare for global warming.
What a Record-Low Snowpack Means for Summer in the Northwest
Snowpack is important for summer life in the Northwestin the winter, it accumulates on mountaintops and as temperatures rise, snowmelt recharges water systems and generates hydropower throughout the region. This year, snowpacks are at record lows and many fear that this supply wont be enough to last throughout the drought season. But as EarthFixs Ashley Ahearn reports, its not time to hit the panic button just yet.
Hormone Disruptors Linked to Genital Changes and Sexual Preference
Scientists continue to sound the alarm about some chemical exposures that may effect reproductive health and development. The endocrine disrupting chemical, atrazine has been found to feminize male frogs and is linked to an increased incidence of homosexual behavior.
Climate Change & Pacific Northwest Glaciers
Glaciers set the Pacific Northwest apart and are essential for the regions drinking water, hydropower and salmon survival. But as EarthFixs Ashley Ahearn reports, disappearing glaciers make the region uniquely vulnerable to the effects of climate change.
Scientists dig into booming coal exports and their effects on wetlands
While the US is using less coal than we have in the past, we plan to export more coal to Asia. That means transporting it by trains, as we've done for decades. But there's very little research on the effects coal has on the environment when it escapes from coal hoppers bumping along the rails.


Not The Xmas Dinner – Thank you.
Firstly a very big thank you to Glenis, Diana, Lynn, Wendy, Liz (Roy's partner), Jasmin, Eileen, Peter, and Chris Warren, Sue (Chris's partner) for their scrumptious food and their hard work in making the lunch a lovely occasion, Helen, who did a marvelous job in purveying the Raffle tickets also all the members who helped clear away at the end.
Also many thanks to all members who attended, without you we would not have been able to have the event and raise additional funds for the Club Courts appeal.
All in all we managed to have a great fun day and raise the following: Bar takings: £116, Raffle after costs: £48, Lunch after all costs: £124.90.
Total approximate net profit after bar stock costs £230.
Now get read for the next Bingo Night!
← Join MLTC now – Live up to 10 more years!
Awards Night – Well done everybody!
Social tennis in the evening. During Winter months MLTC has floodlights (there is an hourly charge per court).
Coaching every Saturday unless Bank Holiday or advised otherwise.
10:00 am Social Tennis – Mon a.m.
Social Tennis – Mon a.m.
Copyright © 2019 Margate Lawn Tennis Club. All rights reserved.


text:
apt_repository 'git-core' do
  uri          'http://ppa.launchpad.net/git-core/ppa/ubuntu'
  distribution node['lsb']['codename']
  components   ['main']
  deb_src      true
  keyserver    'keyserver.ubuntu.com'
  key          'E1DD270288B4E6030699E45FA1715D88E1DF1F24'
end

include_recipe 'git'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Geopolitica: Stratfor.com – "The Next Decade"
Text + clipuri + analiza + sursa informationala: Stratfor.com
STRATFOR CEO George Friedman, author of the new book "The Next Decade," examines the role of the American president in preserving the republic while managing an empire.
Observing the ever-closer ties between Germany and Russia, STRATFOR founder George Friedman, author of the new book "The Next Decade," discusses the likely impact on Poland – and the rest of Europe
STRATFOR founder George Friedman challenges the widely accepted view of China's continuing economic growth and increasing influence on the world stage.
STRATFOR founder Dr. George Friedman says the Middle East will preoccupy the United States in the next decade, and Iran will be the center of that preoccupation.
Publicat în apocalipsa, capitalism, capitalism de stat, China, criza capitalismului, criza de sistem, criza economica, criza financiara, criza statutului asistential, democratie consolidata, democratie defecta, deportati Siberia, faliment bancar, faliment de stat, Federatia Rusa, geopolitica, Germania, Israel, IWF, NATO, noua dezordine mondiala, poliitica internationala, politica externa, politica fiscala, rata de risc, rating de tara, Realpolitik, risc de faliment, strategie anti-criza, Stratfor.com, UE. Leave a Comment »
Iasi, 14 decembrie 1989: "Primavara cade joi"
14 decembrie 1989. Revoluţia a început la Iaşi.
Material preluat de pe websitul "Procesul Comunismului".
Autor: Eduard Alexandru.
Revoluţia din Decembrie 1989 ar fi putut începe, cu câteva zile mai devreme, la Iaşi. Pe 13 şi 14 decembrie 1989, ieşenii au avut surpriza de a găsi în cutiile poştale sau chiar pe stradă manifeste prin care erau chemaţi la demonstraţie.
"Participaţi la demonstraţia din Piata Unirii la 14 XII, ora 16", era scris pe fluturaşii răspândiţi în întreg oraşul. Era un mare curaj pentru acele timpuri să răspândeşti astfel de apeluri fără acordul partidului unic sau fără controlul Securităţii. Cu toate acestea, o mână de oameni a reuşit să alunge teama şi să răspundă la apelul necunoscuţilor. Au plătit scump pentru curajul lor, în după-amiaza zilei de 14 decembrie, când au fost încolonaţi şi duşi în linişte la sediul poliţiei politice din str. Triumf nr. 6.
Capii revoltei erau Ştefan Prutianu, economist la acea dată, scriitorul Cassian Maria Spiridon, inginerii Vasile Vicol şi Ionel Săcăleanu. Cu câteva luni înainte, în luna octombrie, ei au format clandestin un partid, Frontul Popular Român, a cărui menire era de a îndepărta dictatura ceauşistă. Ulterior, în mişcarea politică au mai intrat juristul Valentin Odobescu, maistrul Titi Iacob şi Emilian şi Vasile Stoica. Iniţial, Frontul îşi propusese să iniţieze acţiuni de protest locale pe data de 16 decembrie, însă, data a fost decalată cu două zile.
Fiecare membru trebuia să contacteze câte trei oameni de încredere. Unii dintre aceştia s-au dovedit, totuşi, a fi informatori, protestele din Piaţa Unirii fiind înăbuşite din faşă. Locul manifestării a fost împânzit, cu două ore înainte de ora stabilită, de maşini de pompieri (sosite în zonă, chipurile, "pentru o aplicaţie"), de "băieţi cu ochi albaştri" şi de… sportivi care au umplut la maximum Hotelul "Sport" şi care, în dimineaţa aceea, ocupau întreg centrul oraşului, în zone-cheie pentru ochit şi observaţie. Culmea, miliţienii (cel puţin cei în uniforme) erau destul de puţini.
Organizatorii mizau pe cel puţin două-trei mii de persoane. La ora 16.00, însă, nu eru decât vreo 50 de ieşeni care au depăşit teama. Erau pregătite cuvântări împotriva Guvernului şi a dictaturii, s-ar fi aprins lumânări şi s-ar fi cântat "Deşteaptă-te române!". Nimic din toate acestea, însă, nu s-a întâmplat.
Primul arestat a fost ing. Vasile Vicol care a fost "ridicat" la ora 8.00, în dimineaţa zilei de 14 decembrie. El avea misiunea de a trage clopotele de la Mănăstirea Golia pentru a trezi conştiinţa ieşenilor. Pe 17 decembrie, în arest i-au urmat Ştefan Prutianu, Cassian Maria Spiridon dar şi curioşii care se strânseseră, la o bere, în apropiere de Piaţă. Ultimul "contrarevoluţionar" prins de Securitate a fost Titi Iacob, arestat pe 18 decembrie, chiar la locul de muncă. El a rezistat torturii până la ora 18.00, când a recunoscut că este unul dintre "duşmanii de clasă". Acest lucru, însă, nu i-a mulţumit pe anchetatori care au continuat "să-l frigă". Toţi cei arestaţi "s-au bucurat" de acelaşi tratament din partea orânduirii socialiste multilateral dezvoltate.
Pe 22 decembrie, iniţiatorii revoltei de la Iaşi au fost eliberaţi. Nu ştiau nimic despre ceea ce se întâmpla în întreaga ţară. Dictatorul fugise iar picioarele lor arse şi pline de vânătăi călcau cu nesimţire chipul sfâşiat al comunismului.
Nici până astăzi, curajul ieşenilor nu a fost recunoscut oficial de către autorităţi. Micul grup de protestatari (trei dintre ei deja au murit) urma să fie condamnat la moarte, pe 25 decembrie 1989. Din când în când, câte un politician mai pomeneşte şi de 14 decembrie. E o problemă de imagine. Doar atât…
Publicat în anticomunism, apocalipsa, capitalism, colaps economic, Comunism, criza capitalismului, criza de sistem, criza economica, criza financiara, democratie defecta, faliment bancar, faliment de stat, falimentul Romaniei, Frontul Democrat Roman, Frontul Popular Roman, genocid, genocid social, geopolitica, impozitare progresiva, incapacitate de plata, Opozitia Unita impotriva Dictaturii, procesul comunismului, rata de risc, rating de tara, rezistenta anticomunista, risc de faliment, Romania. Leave a Comment »
Romania analizata de George Friedman (Stratfor.com)
In school, many of us learned the poem Invictus. It concludes with the line, "I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul." This is a line that a Victorian gentleman might bequeath to an American businessman. It is not a line that resonates in Romania. Nothing in their history tells Romanians that they rule their fate or dominate their soul. Everything in their history is a lesson in how fate masters them or how their very soul is a captive of history. As a nation, Romanians have modest hopes and expectations tempered by their past.
This sensibility is not alien to me. My parents survived the Nazi death camps, returned to Hungary to try to rebuild their lives and then found themselves fleeing the communists. When they arrived in America, their wishes were extraordinarily modest, as I look back on it. They wanted to be safe, to get up in the morning, to go to work, to get paid — to live. They were never under the impression that they were the masters of their fate.
The problem that Romania has is that the world cares about it. More precisely, empires collide where Romania is. The last iteration was the Cold War. Today, at the moment, things seem easier, or at least less desperate, than before. Still, as I discussed in Borderlands, the great powers are sorting themselves out again and therefore Romania is becoming more important to others. It is not clear to me that the Romanians fully appreciate the shift in the geopolitical winds. They think they can hide in Europe, and perhaps they can. But I suspect that history is reaching for Romania again.
Geopolitics and Self-Mutilation
Begin with geography. The Carpathian Mountains define Romania, but in an odd way. Rather than serving as the border of the country, protecting it, the Carpathians are an arc that divides the country into three parts. To the south of the mountains is the Wallachian Plain, the heart of contemporary Romania, where its capital, Bucharest, and its old oil center, Ploesti, are located. In the east of the Carpathians is the Moldavian Plain. To the northwest of the Carpathians is Transylvania, more rugged, hilly country.
And this is the geopolitical tragedy of Romania. Romania is one nation divided by its geography. None of the three parts is easy to defend. Transylvania came under Hungarian rule in the 11th century, and Hungary came under Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian rule. Wallachia came under Ottoman rule, and Moldavia came under Ottoman and Russian rule. About the only time before the late 19th century that Romania was united was when it was completely conquered. And the only time it was completely conquered was when some empire wanted to secure the Carpathians to defend itself.
Some of us experience geopolitics as an opportunity. Most of humanity experiences it as a catastrophe. Romania has been a nation for a long time, but rarely has it been a united nation-state. After becoming a nation-state in the late 19th century, it had a precarious existence, balanced between Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Russia, with Germany a more distant but powerful reality. Romania spent the inter-war years trying to find its balance between monarchy, authoritarianism and fascism, and it never quite found it. It sought safety in an alliance with Hitler and found itself on the front lines in the German invasion of Russia. To understand Romania as an ally one must bear this in mind: When the Soviets began their great counterattack at Stalingrad, they launched it over Romanian (and Hungarian) troops. Romanians maneuvered themselves into the position of fighting and dying for the Germans, and then got their revenge on the Germans by being slaughtered by the Soviets.
All of this led to Romania's occupation by the Soviets, toward whom the Romanians developed a unique strategy. The Hungarians rose up against the Soviets and were crushed, and the Czechoslovaks tried to create a liberal communist regime that was still loyal to the Soviets and were crushed. The Romanians actually achieved a degree of autonomy from the Soviets in foreign affairs. The way the Romanians got the Soviets to tolerate this was by building a regime more rigid and oppressive than even that of the Soviet Union at the time. The Soviets knew NATO wasn't going to invade, let alone invade through Romania. So long as the Romanian regime kept the people in line, the Russians could tolerate their maneuvers. Romania retained its national identity and an independent foreign policy but at a stunning price in personal freedom and economic well-being.
Contemporary Romania cannot be understood without understanding Nicolae Ceausescu. He called himself the "Genius of the Carpathians." He may well have been, but if so, the Carpathian definition of genius is idiosyncratic. The Romanian communist government was built around communists who had remained in Romania during World War II, in prison or in hiding. This was unique among the Soviet Union's Eastern European satellites. Stalin didn't trust communists who stayed home and resisted. He preferred communists who had fled to Moscow in the 1930s and had proved themselves loyal to Stalin by their betrayal of others. He sent Moscow communists to rule the rest of the newly occupied countries that buffered Russia from the West. Not so in Romania, where native communists ruled. After the death of the founder of communist Romania, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, another Romanian communist who stayed in Romania ultimately took over: Ceausescu. This was a peculiarity of Romanian communism that made it more like Josip Broz Tito's Yugoslavia in foreign policy, and more like a bad dream in domestic policy.
Ceausescu decided to pay off the national debt. His reason seemed to flow from his foreign policy — he didn't want Romania to be trapped by any country because of its debt — and he repaid it by selling to other countries nearly everything that was produced in Romania. This left Romania in staggering poverty; electricity and heat were occasional things, and even food was scarce in a country that had a lot of it. The Securitate, a domestic secret police whose efficiency and brutality were impressive, suppressed unrest. Nothing in Romania worked as well as the Securitate.
Herta Muller is a Romanian author who writes in German (she is part of Romania's ethnic German community) and who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2009. One of her books, The Appointment, takes place in Romania under the communists. It gives an extraordinary sense of a place ruled by the Securitate. It is about a woman who is living her life, working at her job and dealing with an alcoholic husband while constantly preparing for and living in dread of appointments with the secret police. As in Kafka, what they are looking for and what she is hiding are unclear. But the danger is unrelenting and permeates her entire consciousness. When one reads this book, as I did in preparing for this trip, one understands the way in which the Securitate tore apart a citizen's soul — and remembers that it was not a distant relic of the 1930s but was still in place and sustaining the Romanian regime in 1989.
It was as if the price that Romania had to pay for autonomy was to punch itself in the face continually. Even the fall of communism took a Romanian path. There was no Velvet Revolution here but a bloody one, where the Securitate resisted the anti-communist rising under circumstances and details that are still hotly debated and unclear. In the end, the Ceausescus (Nicolae's wife Elena was also a piece of work, requiring a psychological genius to unravel) were executed and the Securitate blended into civil society as part of the organized-crime network that was mistaken for liberalization in the former Soviet empire by Western academics and reporters at the time.
Romania emerged from the previous 70 years of ongoing catastrophe by dreaming of simple things and having no illusions that these things were easy to come by or things Romanians could control. As with much of Eastern Europe but perhaps with a greater intensity, Romanians believed their redemption lay with the West's multilateral organizations. If they were permitted to join NATO and especially the European Union, their national security needs would be taken care of along with their economic needs. Romanians yearned to become European simply because being Romanian was too dangerous.
The Redemption of Being European
In thinking of Romania, the phrase "institutionalized prisoner" comes to mind. In the United States it is said that if someone stays in prison long enough, he becomes "institutionalized," someone who can no longer imagine functioning outside a world where someone else always tells him what to do. For Romania, national sovereignty has always been experienced as the process of accommodating itself to more powerful nations and empires. So after 1991, Romania searched for the "someone else" to which it could subordinate itself. More to the point, Romania imbued these entities with extraordinary redemptive powers. Once in NATO and the European Union, all would be well.
And until recently, all has been well, or well in terms of the modest needs of a historical victim. The problem Romania has is that these sanctuaries are in many ways illusions. It looks to NATO for defense, but NATO is a hollowed-out entity. There is a new and ambitious NATO strategy, which sets a global agenda for the organization. Long discussed, it is an exercise in meaninglessness. Countries like Germany have no military with which to fulfill the strategy, assuming that any agreement to act could be reached. NATO is a consensual organization, and a single member can block any mission. The divergent interests of an expanded NATO guarantee that someone will block everything. NATO is an illusion that comforts the Romanians, but only if they don't look carefully. The Romanians seem to prefer the comforting illusion.
As for the European Union, there is a deep structural tension in the system. The main European economic power is Germany. It is also the world's second-largest exporter. Its economy is built around exporting. For a country like Romania, economic development requires that it take advantage of its wage advantage. Lower wages allow developing countries to develop their economy through exports. But Europe is dominated by an export superpower. Unlike the postwar world, where the United States absorbed the imports of Germany and Japan without needing to compete with them, Germany remains an exporting country exporting into Romania and leaving precious little room for Romania to develop its economy.
At this stage of its development, Romania should be running a trade surplus, particularly with Germany, but it is not. In 2007, it exported about $40 billion worth of goods and imported about $70 billion. In 2009, it exported the same $40 billion but cut imports to only $54 billion (still a negative). Forty percent of its trade is with Germany, France and Italy, its major EU partners. But it is Germany where the major problem is. And this problem is compounded by the fact that a good part of Romania's exports to Germany are from German-owned firms operating in Romania.
During the period of relative prosperity in Europe from 1991 to 2008, the structural reality of the EU was hidden under a rising tide. In 2008 the tide went out, revealing the structural reality. It is not clear when the tide of prosperity will come rolling back in. In the meantime, while the German economy is growing again, Romania's is not. Because it exists in a system where the main engine is an exporter, and the exporter dominates the process of setting rules, it is difficult to see how Romania can take advantage of its greatest asset — a skilled workforce prepared to work for lower wages.
Add to this the regulatory question. Romania is a developing country. Europe's regulations are drawn with a focus on the highly developed countries. The laws on employment guarantees mean that Europeans don't hire workers, they adopt them. That means that entrepreneurship is difficult. Being an entrepreneur, as I well know, means making mistakes and recovering from them fast. Given the guarantees that every worker has in Europe, an entrepreneur cannot quickly recover from his mistakes. In Romania, the agility needed for risk-taking is not readily available under EU rules drawn up for a mature economy.
Romania should be a country of small entrepreneurs, and it is, but there is extensive evasion of Brussels' — and Bucharest's — regulations. It is a gray market that creates legal jeopardy and therefore corruption in the sector that Romania needs the most. Imagine if Germany had the regulations it champions today in 1955. Could it possibly have developed into what it is in 2010? There may be a time for these regulations (and that is debatable), but for Romania it is not now.
I met a Romanian entrepreneur who marketed industrial products. In talking to him, I raised the question of the various regulations governing his industry and how he handled them. There was no clear answer or, more precisely, I didn't realize the answer he had given me until later. There are regulations and there are relationships. The latter mitigate the former. In Germany this might be called corruption. In Romania it is survival. A Romanian entrepreneur rigorously following EU regulations would rapidly go out of business. It may be that Romania is corrupt, but the regulatory structure of the EU imposed on a developing economy makes evasion the only rational strategy. And yet the entrepreneur I talked to was a champion of the European Union. He too hoped for the time when he could be a normal European. As Rousseau said, "I have seen these contradictions and they have not rebuffed me."
It is difficult to for an outsider to see the specific benefits of NATO and EU membership for Romania. But for the Romanians, membership goes beyond the specifics.
Romania's Choice
August and September are bad months in Europe. It is when wars and crises strike. August and September 2008 were bad months. That August, Russia struck Georgia. In September, the financial crisis burst wide open. In the first, Russia delivered a message to the region: This is what American guarantees are worth. In the European handling of the financial crisis in Eastern Europe, the Germans delivered a message on the limits of German responsibility. Both NATO and the European Union went from being guarantors of Romanian interests to being enormous question marks.
In my conversations with Romanians, at all levels and almost universally, I have found the same answer. First, there is no doubt that NATO and the European Union did not work in Romania's favor at the moment. Second, there is no question of rethinking Romania's commitment to either. There are those Romanians, particularly on the far right, who dislike the European Union in particular, but Romania has no strategic alternative.
As for the vast majority, they cannot and will not conceive of a Romania outside the confines of NATO and the European Union. The mere fact that neither is working well for Romania does not mean that they do not do something important: NATO and the European Union keep the anti-democratic demons of the Romanian soul at bay. Being part of Europe is not simply a matter of strategic or economic benefits. It represents a transitional point in Romanian history. With membership in the European Union and NATO, Romania has affirmed its modernity and its democratic institutions. These twin amulets have redeemed Romania's soul. Given this, I suppose, an unfavorable trade balance and the absence of genuine security guarantees is a small price to pay. I am not Romanian, so I can't feel their ineffable belief in Brussels.
Romanians do acknowledge, again almost universally, the return of Russia to the historical stage, and it worries them. Of particular concern is Moldova, a region to the east that was historically Romanian, taken by the Soviets in a treaty with Hitler and the rest of which was seized after World War II. Moldova became an independent country in 1991 (a country I will be visiting next). For much of the post-Cold War period it had a communist government that fell a few years ago. An election will be held on Nov. 28, and it appears that the communists might return. The feeling is that if the communists return this time, the Russians will return with them and, in the coming years, Russian troops will be on Romania's borders.
Romanian officials are actively engaged in discussions with NATO officials about the Russians, but the Germans want a more active involvement of Russia in NATO and not tension between NATO and Russia. The Western Europeans are not about to be drawn into Eastern European paranoia fed by nostalgic American strategists wanting to relive the Cold War, as they think of it.
I raised two strategic alternatives with Romanian officials and the media. One was the Intermarium — an alliance, perhaps in NATO, perhaps not — of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. (To readers who asked why I did not go to Bulgaria on this trip, it was simply a matter of time. I will go there as soon as I can.) Very interestingly, one official pointed out substantial levels of cooperation on military planning between Hungary and Romania and discussions between Romania and Poland. How serious this is and whether it will go beyond the NATO context is unclear to me. Perhaps I can get a better sense in Warsaw.
But military planning is one thing; the wherewithal to execute military plans is quite another. The Romanians are now caught in a crisis over buying fighter planes. There are three choices: the Swedish Gripen, the Eurofighter and used American F-16s. The problem is that the Romanians don't have the money for any of these aircraft, nor does it seem to me that these are the defense measures they really need. The Americans can provide air cover in a number of ways, and while 24 F-16s would have value, they would not solve Romania's most pressing military problem. From where I sit, creating an effective mobile force to secure their eastern frontier is what is needed. The alternative I've heard was buying naval vessels to block a very real Russian naval buildup in the Black Sea. But if Romania has trouble buying 24 fighters, naval vessels are out of the question.
The Romanians are approaching defense planning from a NATO perspective — one used for planning, not implementation, and one that always leads to sophisticated systems while leaving the basics uncovered. This may seem like an unnecessary level of detail for this essay, but the Romanians are deep in this discussion, and questions like this are the critical details of strategies growing out of geopolitics. It is the difference between planning papers drawn up by think tanks and the ability to defend a nation.
The Black Sea is a critical part of Romania's reality, and the rise of Turkey makes the system of relationships interesting. Turkey is Romania's fourth largest export target, and one of the few major trading partners that imports more from Romania than it exports. I pointed out to Romanians that it is the great good fortune of Turkey that it was not admitted to the European Union. Turkey's economy grew by an annualized rate of 12 percent in the first quarter of 2010 and has been surging for years.
Turkey is becoming a regional economic engine and, unlike Germany, France and Italy, it offers compatibilities and synergies for Romania. In addition, Turkey is a serious military force and, while not seeking confrontation with Russia, it is not subservient to it. Turkey has adopted a "360 degree" strategy of engagement with all countries. And since Turkey is a NATO member, as are Hungary, Slovakia and Poland, there is no incompatibility with a dual strategy of the Intermarium and the Black Sea. For now, they fit. And the irony of Romania reaching out to the heir to the Ottomans is simply that and no more. This is the neighborhood that Romania inhabits. These are the options it has.
What doesn't fit for Romania is the NATO/EU system alone. Perhaps this is part of a rational mix, but it cannot be all of it. For Romania, the problem is to move beyond the psychological comfort of Europe to a strategic and economic understanding that accepts that the post-Cold War world is over. More important, it would be a move toward accepting that Romania is free, responsible for its future and capable of managing it.
It is this last step that is the hardest for Romania and many of the former Soviet satellites — which were also bound up with World War I and Hitler's disaster — to come to terms with. There is a connection between buying more expensive German cars than you can afford, and more of them than you need, and the novels of Herta Muller. The appointment can be permanently cancelled, but the fear of the interrogation is always with you. In this region, the fear of the past dominates and oppresses while the confident, American-style military planning and economic restructuring I suggested is alien and frightening.
The Romanians emerged from a world of horror, some of it of their own making. They fear themselves perhaps more than they fear others. For them, becoming European is both a form of therapy and something that will restrain the demons within and without. When you live with bad memories, you live with the shadows of reality. For the Romanians, illusory solutions to haunting memories make a great deal of sense.
It makes sense until war comes, and in this part of the world, the coming of war has been the one certainty since before the Romans. It is only a question of when, with whom and what your own fate will be when it arrives. The Romanians believe with religious fervor that these things will be left behind if they become part of Europe. I am more skeptical. I had thought that Romania's problem was that it was part of Europe, a weak power surrounded by stronger ones. They seem to believe that their solution is to be part of Europe, a weak power surrounded by stronger ones.
I leave Romania confused. The Romanians hear things that I am deaf to. It is even at a pitch my Hungarian part can't hear. I leave now for another nation, Moldova, which has been even more exposed to history, one even stranger and more brutal than Romania's.
Autor: George Friedman
Sursa: Stratfor.com
Publicat în bancruta de stat, capitalism, capitalism de stat, colaps economic, criza capitalismului, criza de sistem, criza economica, criza financiara, criza statutului asistential, deficit bugetar, democratie defecta, executie bugetara, faliment bancar, faliment de stat, Politica, politica externa, politica fiscala, procesul comunismului, produsul intern brut, rata de risc, rating de tara, risc de faliment, Romania, statul asistential, statul eficient, strategie anti-criza, Stratfor.com, UE. 9 Comments »


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