text:
Q: Uploading multiple files with multer, but from different fields? How can I have multer accept files from multiple file type fields?
I have the following code that uploads a single file, using multer in node.js:
var storage =   multer.diskStorage({
  destination: function (req, file, callback) {
    callback(null, './public/uploads');
  },
  filename: function (req, file, callback) {
    callback(null, file.fieldname + '-' + Date.now());
  }
});

var upload = multer({ storage : storage });

app.post('/rest/upload', upload.array('video', 1), function(req, res, next){
    ...
}

From the following form, on the condition only the video field has a value (if I specify both I get an 'Unexpected field' error):
<form action="/rest/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
   <label>Video file: </label> <input type="file" name="video"/>
   <label>Subtitles file: </label> <input type="file" name="subtitles"/>
   <input type="submit"/>
</form>

It is not clear from the documentation how to approach this? Any suggestions would be appreciated. BTW I have tried the following parameter variations, without success:
app.post('/rest/upload', [upload.array('video', 1), upload.array('subtitles', 1)] ...
app.post('/rest/upload', upload.array('video', 1), upload.array('subtitles', 1), ...
app.post('/rest/upload', upload.array(['video', 'subtitles'], 1),  ...

A: What you want is upload.fields():
app.post('/rest/upload',
         upload.fields([{
           name: 'video', maxCount: 1
         }, {
           name: 'subtitles', maxCount: 1
         }]), function(req, res, next){
  // ...
}

A: this worked for Me. complete example
var multer = require('multer')
var storage = multer.diskStorage({

destination: function(req, file, callback) {
    callback(null, './public/audio');
  },
  filename: function(req, file, callback) {
    console.log(file);
    if(file.originalname.length>6)
      callback(null, file.fieldname + '-' + Date.now() + file.originalname.substr(file.originalname.length-6,file.originalname.length));
    else
      callback(null, file.fieldname + '-' + Date.now() + file.originalname);

  }
});

const upload = multer({ storage: storage });

router.post('/save/audio',upload.fields([{
  name: 'audio', maxCount: 1
}, {
  name: 'graphic', maxCount: 1
}]) ,(req, res) => {

  const audioFile = req.files.audio[0];
  const audioGraphic = req.files.graphic[0];
  const fileName = req.body.title;

  saveAudio(fileName,audioFile.filename,audioGraphic.filename,req.body.artist,function (error,success) {
    req.flash('success','File Uploaded Successfully')

    res.redirect('/')
  });

})

A: Did you try to use multer().any()?

A: Using Multer Upload Files From Two Fields of Separate Forms on Different Pages
In this example I have two fields - resume and image. Resume in one form and Image in other. Both are on separate pages.
First import dependencies
const path = require('path'); // for getting file extension
const multer = require('multer'); // for uploading files
const uuidv4 = require('uuidv4'); // for naming files with random characters

Define fileStorage and fileFilter:
const fileStorage = multer.diskStorage({
  destination: (req, file, cb) => { // setting destination of uploading files
    if (file.fieldname === "resume") { // if uploading resume
      cb(null, 'resumes');
    } else { // else uploading image
      cb(null, 'images');
    }
  },
  filename: (req, file, cb) => { // naming file
    cb(null, file.fieldname+"-"+uuidv4()+path.extname(file.originalname));
  }
});

const fileFilter = (req, file, cb) => {
  if (file.fieldname === "resume") { // if uploading resume
    if (
      file.mimetype === 'application/pdf' ||
      file.mimetype === 'application/msword' ||
      file.mimetype === 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'
    ) { // check file type to be pdf, doc, or docx
      cb(null, true);
    } else {
      cb(null, false); // else fails
    }
  } else { // else uploading image
    if (
      file.mimetype === 'image/png' ||
      file.mimetype === 'image/jpg' ||
      file.mimetype === 'image/jpeg'
    ) { // check file type to be png, jpeg, or jpg
      cb(null, true);
    } else {
      cb(null, false); // else fails
    }
  }
};

Middleware for multer
app.use(
  multer(
    {
      storage: fileStorage,
      limits:
        {
          fileSize:'2mb'
        },
      fileFilter: fileFilter
    }
  ).fields(
    [
      {
        name: 'resume',
        maxCount: 1
      },
      {
        name: 'image',
        maxCount: 1
      }
    ]
  )
);

And then call your routes. You may need to add csrf protection or authentication along with this for security. But this should work fine.

A: If you want to upload multiple files/images from the same form, I have used the below code and it works fine. The path of the image is stored in the database; I will skip the database path and go straight to the upload function and how the fields are passed to the save function.
    const path = require('path');
    const multer = require('multer');
    const storage = multer.diskStorage({
        destination: (req, file, cb) => {
           if (file.fieldname === "profile") {
               cb(null, './uploads/profiles/')
           }
           else if (file.fieldname === "natid") {
               cb(null, './uploads/ids/');
           }
           else if (file.fieldname === "certificate") {
               cb(null, './uploads/certificates/')
           }
        },
        filename:(req,file,cb)=>{
            if (file.fieldname === "profile") {
                cb(null, file.fieldname+Date.now()+path.extname(file.originalname));
            }
          else if (file.fieldname === "natid") {
            cb(null, file.fieldname+Date.now()+path.extname(file.originalname));
          }
          else if (file.fieldname === "certificate") {
            cb(null, file.fieldname+Date.now()+path.extname(file.originalname));
          }
        }
    });
    const upload = multer({
        storage: storage,
        limits: {
            fileSize: 1024 * 1024 * 10
        },
        fileFilter: (req, file, cb) => {
            checkFileType(file, cb);
        }
    }).fields(
        [
            {
                name:'profile',
                maxCount:1
            },
            {
                name: 'natid', maxCount:1
            },
            {
                name: 'certificate', maxCount:1
            }
        ]
    );

    function checkFileType(file, cb) {
        if (file.fieldname === "certificate") {
            if (
                file.mimetype === 'application/pdf' ||
                file.mimetype === 'application/msword' ||
                file.mimetype === 'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'
              ) { // check file type to be pdf, doc, or docx
                  cb(null, true);
              } else {
                  cb(null, false); // else fails
              }
        }
        else if (file.fieldname === "natid" || file.fieldname === "profile") {
            if (
                file.mimetype === 'image/png' ||
                file.mimetype === 'image/jpg' ||
                file.mimetype === 'image/jpeg'||
                fiel.mimetype==='image/gif'
              ) { // check file type to be png, jpeg, or jpg
                cb(null, true);
              } else {
                cb(null, false); // else fails
              }
            }
        }
    //at the save function

 upload(req, res, (err) => {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
        } else {
            if (req.file == "undefined") {
                console.log("No image selected!")
            } else {
                let datecreated = new Date();
                let fullnames = req.body.firstname + ' ' + req.body.lastname;
                let formatedphone = '';
                let phone = req.body.personalphone;
                if (phone.charAt(0) == '0') {
                    formatedphone = '+254' + phone.substring(1);
                } else if ((phone.charAt(0) == '+') && (phone.length > 12 || phone.length <= 15)) {
                    formatedphone = phone
                }
                let teachers = {
                    "teacherid": teacherid,
                    "schoolcode": req.body.schoolcode,
                    "fullnames": fullnames,
                    "email": req.body.email,
                    "dateofbirth": req.body.dateofbirth,
                    "nationalid": req.body.nationalid,
                    "personalphone": formatedphone,
                    "profile": req.files.profile[0].path,
                    "natid": req.files.natid[0].path,
                    "certificate":req.files.certificate[0].path
                }
                connection.query('INSERT INTO teachers SET ?', teachers, (error, results, fields) => {`enter code here`
                    if (error) {
                        res.json({
                            status: false,
                            message: 'there are some error with query'
                        })
                        console.log(error);
                    } else {console.log("Saved successfully");
}

A: I just need upload fields store in a arry
const express = require("express");
 const category_route = express();

 const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
 category_route.use(bodyParser.json());
 category_route.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended:true}));
 const controller = require('../Controller/Category');
 const Multer = require('multer')
 const Path = require('path');
 const multer = require("multer");

 category_route.use(express.static('public'));
  const storage = multer.diskStorage({
     destination : function(req,files,cb){
         cb(null,Path.join(__dirname,'../public/category'),function(err,sucess){
             if(err){
                 throw err;
             }
         });
     },
     filename:function(req,files,cb){
         const name = Date.now()+'-'+ files.originalname;
         cb(null,name, function(err, sucess){
             if(err){
                 throw err;
             }
         });
     }
  });

  const upload = multer({storage:storage})

 category_route.post('/add-category',upload.fields([
     {
       name: "icon",
       maxCount: 1,
     },
     {
       name: "banner",
       maxCount: 1,
     }
   ]), controller.addCategory);

 module.exports = category_route;

/* controller code*/
const Category = require("../Model/Category");

 const addCategory = async (req, res) => {
   try {

     var arrIcon = [];
     for(let i=0; i<req.files.length; i++){
       arrIcon[i] = req.files[i].filename;
     }
     var arrBanner = [];
     for(let j=0; j<req.files.length; j++){
       arrBanner[j] = req.files[j].filename;
     }

     const catData = await Category.find();

     if (catData.length > 0) {
       let checking = false;
       catData.every((i) => {
         if (i.name.toLowerCase() === req.body.name.toLowerCase()) {
           checking = true;
           console.log("FOUND");
           return false;
         }
         console.log("NOT-FOUND");
         return true;
       });
       if (checking === false) {
         const data = new Category({
           name: req.body.name,
           camission: req.body.camission,
           icon: arrIcon,
           banner: arrBanner,
           mtitel: req.body.mtitel,
           mdiscp: req.body.mdiscp,
         });
         const result = await data.save();
         res.send(result);
       } else {
         res.send("Category is Already exieet");
       }
     } else {
       const data = new Category({
         name: req.body.name,
         camission: req.body.camission,
         icon: arrIcon,
         banner: arrBanner,
         mtitel: req.body.mtitel,
         mdiscp: req.body.mdiscp,
       });
       const result = await data.save();
       res.send(result);
     }
   } catch (error) {
     console.log(error);
     res.send("somthing Wrong");
   }
 };
 module.exports = { addCategory };

A: upload(req, res, (err) => {
        if (err) {
            console.log(err);
        } else {
            if (req.file == "undefined") {
                console.log("No image selected!")
            } else {
                let datecreated = new Date();
                let fullnames = req.body.firstname + ' ' + req.body.lastname;
                let formatedphone = '';
                let phone = req.body.personalphone;
                if (phone.charAt(0) == '0') {
                    formatedphone = '+254' + phone.substring(1);
                } else if ((phone.charAt(0) == '+') && (phone.length > 12 || phone.length <= 15)) {
                    formatedphone = phone
                }
                let teachers = {
                    "teacherid": teacherid,
                    "schoolcode": req.body.schoolcode,
                    "fullnames": fullnames,
                    "email": req.body.email,
                    "dateofbirth": req.body.dateofbirth,
                    "nationalid": req.body.nationalid,
                    "personalphone": formatedphone,
                    "profile": req.files.profile[0].path,
                    "natid": req.files.natid[0].path,
                    "certificate":req.files.certificate[0].path
                }
                connection.query('INSERT INTO teachers SET ?', teachers, (error, results, fields) => {
                    if (error) {
                        res.json({
                            status: false,
                            message: 'there are some error with query'
                        })
                        console.log(error);
                    } else {

console.log('Saved successfully');}


Japan's manga and anime artists emerged victorious this morning (1 December) after Mitsubishi Pencils reversed its decision to discontinue a coloured pencil range preferred by the cartoon industry.
The original decision, which Mitsubishi published on its website in mid-November, caused widespread panic among Japanese cartoonists and a run on stationery shops to stock up on their favourite pencils.
Animation is a multi-billion dollar industry in Japan and Mitsubishi's hard lead and fine point pencils are considered the best in the cartoon business for drawing cells. Some studios even stipulate that Mitsubishi Pencils must be used when checking and correcting animation sequences.
However, demand for coloured pencils has dwindled as a result of the rise of computer animation. Declining birth-rates in Japan are also thought to be responsible for fewer orders from Japanese schools.
Faced with a choice between maintaining the loyalty of its long-serving cartoonist customers or facing a changed marketplace, Mitsubishi planned to go the way of brands like Sony, which discontinued Betamax video tape production as late as last month.
Echoing the JACA's concern, artists flocked to stationery stores to stock up following Mitsubishi's announcement. Blue and orange were said it be in hot demand at Sekaido, one of Japan's biggest art supply shops.
But the pencil-frenzy subsided almost as soon as it had begun. Backtracking on its original statement, Mitsubishi announced that it would continue to produce blue, orange and yellow-green pencils, its most popular colours, while terminating the rest of its line.
This will be welcome news for Japan's manga and anime community, which is still in mourning following the death of one of Japan's most influential cartoonists, Shigeru Mizuki, yesterday (30 November).


The Atlantic Canada region is continuing to grow as a cruise destination. This year, Cruise Atlantic Canada expects more than 658,000 Americans to visit during 345 ship calls to the region's six major ports in the four provinces: Saint John in New Brunswick, St. John's and Corner Brook in Newfoundland and Labrador, Halifax and Sydney in Nova Scotia, and Charlottetown in Prince Edward Island.
Holland America Line this year is operating three ships in the region through October — the Maasdam and the Veendam offer two seven-day itineraries and the Eurodam offers 10-day cruises. Departing Boston, the "Canada & New England" voyage sails to Montreal, calling at Halifax, Sydney and Charlottetown, with prices starting at $749 per person, double occupancy. The "Seven-day Historic Coast" round-trip from Boston calls at Saint John, Halifax and Sydney and is priced from $935. During the peak fall foliage season in September and October, the Eurodam will operate three 10-day sailings between New York and Quebec City, calling at Halifax, Sydney and Charlottetown.
Regular sailings are available from four Eastern Seaboard ports — New York, Boston, Baltimore and Cape Liberty, N.J. Cruise lines sailing the region include Carnival, Celebrity, Crystal, Cunard, Holland America, Oceania, Norwegian, P&O, Princess, Regent Seven Seas, Royal Caribbean International, Seabourn, Silversea, Swan Hellenic and Travel Dynamics. Several expedition lines also call at the region's ports including Adventure Canada, One Ocean Expedition, Lindblad Expeditions and Wanderbird Expedition Cruises.
The Cruise Atlantic Canada project is funded by the Atlantic Canada Tourism Partnership. A nine member pan-Atlantic initiative, it comprises the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, the four Atlantic Canada tourism industry associations and the four provincial departments responsible for tourism.


text:
Selena Gomez Suing Creators Of Clothes Forever – Styling Game
Selena Gomez is suing the creators of mobile game 'Clothes Forever – Styling Game' for $10 million for using her likeness. Image Source/ Bang Showbiz According to legal documents obtained by TMZ, the 'Lose You To Love Me' hitmaker filed the lawsuit on Tuesday (14.04.20), in which she claims the game copied her cover shoot […]
Selena Gomez is suing the creators of mobile game 'Clothes Forever – Styling Game' for $10 million for using her likeness.
According to legal documents obtained by TMZ, the 'Lose You To Love Me' hitmaker filed the lawsuit on Tuesday (14.04.20), in which she claims the game copied her cover shoot from fashion magazine Flare.
The gossip site reports that the former Disney star was left "shocked" to see the imitation being used and is suing for damages and a share of the profits of the game, whilst asking them to stop using it.
The game gives players the chance to create a character based on a number of celebrities, including Kim Kardashian West, Gigi Hadid, Beyonce and Taylor Swift.
The description on the App Store reads:
"Clothes Forever – the hottest new fashion game.
"Ever dreamed of traveling around the world in style, dressing celebrities, and designing your very own fashion brand?
"Clothes Forever will allow you to live out all your fantasies and become the fashionista you were born to be!
"Interact with the most beautiful models and celebrities; the likes of Kardashian, Gigi, Beyonce, Taylor, and more will be dropping by and asking for YOUR fashion advise! (sic)"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You are here: Home / Horse Racing Business / THE SMOKING GUN IN THE SLAYING OF KENTUCKY'S SIGNATURE INDUSTRY
THE SMOKING GUN IN THE SLAYING OF KENTUCKY'S SIGNATURE INDUSTRY
July 24, 2010 by Bill Shanklin 6 Comments
During the ongoing controversy in Kentucky over the legalization of slot machines (aka video lottery terminals), people inside and outside of the horse racing and breeding businesses have pondered how a responsible state government could stand by while its flagship industry is left to deteriorate—and cause the loss of thousands of jobs, tax revenues, and tourist dollars. It certainly is a modern example of Nero fiddling while Rome is burning.
One does not have to look very far to find the explanation. The hard evidence is contained in a recent document titled "America's Top States for Business 2010—A CNBC Special Report." Following is CNBC's methodology:
"We scored all 50 states—using publicly available data—on 40 different measures of competitiveness. States received points based on their rankings in each metric. Then, we separated those metrics into the ten broad categories, with input from business groups including the National Association of Manufacturers. We weighted the categories based on how frequently each is cited in state economic development marketing materials.
Here are the ten categories ranked in our study: cost of doing business; workforce; quality of life; economy; transportation & infrastructure; technology & innovation; education; business friendliness; access to capital; cost of living."
Overall, in 2010, Kentucky ranked 40 out of 50 states, making it one of the most inhospitable jurisdictions to do business. Moreover, the Commonwealth is getting worse rather than improving: it ranked 34th in 2009. While Kentucky did very well on three criteria (cost of doing business, transportation & infrastructure, and cost of living), it ranked mediocre to poorly in the other seven categories.
According to CNBC, Kentucky has an unemployment rate of 10.4 percent, a projected 2011 budget deficit of $780 million, and ranks 37th in education. Kentucky's elected leaders' answer to this predicament is apparently to become even more anti-business: On CNBC's criterion of "business friendliness," the Commonwealth ranked 39th of 50 states, down from 31st in 2009. The CNBC study defined business friendliness as "the perceived 'friendliness' of [a state's] legal and regulatory frameworks to business."
It is of little solace to people in the Kentucky horse racing and breeding industry to know that they are not alone in the way state government has treated them—the state's elected officials, as a group, are hostile to business per se. They are largely inhibitors and destroyers of economic activity, job killers rather than job creators. Reminds me of Green Bay Packers' right tackle Henry Jordan's quip about legendary Coach Vince Lombardi: "He's fair, he treats us all the same–like dogs."
Senate President David Williams has been getting too much credit/blame for his antipathy toward racing. Although Williams is culpable, he evidently has plenty of vocal and silent co-conspirators in Kentucky government from both political parties. He did not make Kentucky so anti-business by himself and this kind of negative climate has been generations in the making. Kentucky should have had racetrack slots many years ago, so there is a lot of blame to go around to current and former elected officials in Frankfort. In my research, I can find no other case of where a state government worked against the economic interests of its signature industry.
No doubt the spin out of Frankfort will be that the CNBC report is flawed. Judge for yourself the next time you see that a Kentucky racetrack has cut purses, or read of a trainer moving his or her stable to a racino venue, or see that a stallion is being relocated from Lexington to another state with better incentives.
By the way, two other historically prominent but currently troubled racing states–New York and California—rank 45th and 49th, respectively, on "business friendliness."
Click here to see "America's Top States for Business 2010—A CNBC Special Report"
frank mitchell says
A great, spot-on piece.
Although Williams is a leading contributor to the commonwealth's problems, he has plenty of support, or most obviously, he would have been voted out of his position.
Frank.
aunt bea says
What most people forget about in the debate over why KY can't get slots, Bill, is that the common man of KY, (aka the majority of voters outside the Bluegrass), constantly tell themselves, **** big business & **** big horse farm owners!!! What do they do for me???
I'm not sayin they are right, but when the **** hit the fan in the TB business, the bluegrass tried to ram slots down KY's throat, and KY said to the industry, " go**** yourself, in so many defeated slots referendums.
Again, that's just the way I see it.
MAR1574 says
Answer to Aunt Bea,
Ky. voters never got to vote on a slots referendum. The legislature would not put a slots vote on the ballot.
Garrett Redmond says
Using the words "signature industry" for the horse business is appropriate. A signature goes at the bottom of the page, exactly where the KY. government intends the horse industry to be.
Obviously Sen. Williams is not the lone culprit. He is supported by a majority of legislators. Their major industry is basketball (under the guise of education) and their principal recreation is church-going. They see horses as a real and present danger to both.
Concerned observer says
When the leaders of your industry, Farish and Jones, multi-millionaires at a minimum, are selected as the spokesmen to "plead poverty"
and beg for the opportunity to add Casinos to their industry, this appears to the guy making $20K/year and living in a tired old trailer, like the rich getting richer. I know the e-mails will roll-in saying that is not the case….but it is the perception.
duty and dereliction « bloodstock in the bluegrass says:
[…] blog on horse racing economics, Horse Racing Business, Bill Shanklin scores another direct hit on the cretins of Kentucky politics who have let everyone down for […]


text:
Falkirk Council Election 2022
Speeches in Parliament
Kerr Calls for direct UK Gov Investment in Aquaculture
The MP for Stirling, Stephen Kerr, has called for a change of approach by the UK Government that would deliver greater direct investment to support the Scottish...
Kerr criticises Scottish Government for delay over devolved benefits
In a Westminster Hall debate I outlined the vast gap between the SNP's rhetoric and their actions. In 2016 the Scotland Act devolved control over several...
Community Broadband debate!
Today, I called my first Adjournment debate, giving me the opportunity to set out my case in full for easier access to Community Broadband for Scotland's...
Thoughts on the Chequers Deal
The "Chequers deal" is 95% of the way there! However, certain parts, such as the suggestion of a Common Rulebook, which could see us take guidance from the...
PMQs: Save our High Street
The Stirling Observer reported last week the Wilkies department store on King Street was shutting down. This follows announcements from other stores such as...
Revitalising our dying City Centre: Speech
In a Commons debate I spoke on the state of our High streets, making particular reference to King Street in Stirling City Centre. This is the main throughfare...
The importance of local Museums
I called a debate in Westminster Hall to express my support for local museums across the country, especially those in Stirling. The Stirling Smith, Argyll and...
Tariff Cap Bill
Yesterday, I spoke on the Domestic Gas and Electricity (Tariff Cap) Bill, to outline my views on the energy market, and support the bill as it passes through...
A strong Defence for a strong Country.
Yesterday, I spoke on the topic of Defence in the HoC. The central theme of the debate was No More Cuts! At a time when we are pushing a better deal for our...
Stephen Kerr MSP for Central Scotland
About Stephen Kerr
N. Benny on behalf of S. Kerr, both of 67 Northumberland Street, Edinburgh, EH3 6JG
Copyright 2022 Stephen Kerr MSP for Central Scotland. All rights reserved.


Unscrambling drowsy through our powerful word unscrambler yields 41 different words. 41 anagrams of drowsy were found by unscrambling letters in D R O W S Y.
Words that made from letters D R O W S Y can be found below.
1 different 6 letter words made by unscrambling letters from drowsy listed below.
5 different 5 letter words made by unscrambling letters from drowsy listed below.
11 different 4 letter words made by unscrambling letters from drowsy listed below.
15 different 3 letter words made by unscrambling letters from drowsy listed below.
9 different 2 letter words made by unscrambling letters from drowsy listed below.


text:
Cedar Park Counseling Network
Meet Nathalie Kirshner, Counseling Intern
Meet Nathalie
The decision to begin counseling is a courageous one, and I look forward to meeting with you! You will find that my counseling approach is very relaxed and conversational. Sometimes it can feel as though there are very few places in our lives where we can feel free to be wholly transparent with another person who receives us just as we are. As we work together, know that you are free to bring all of who you are.
I believe that positive transformative change happens within the context of relationships. There are times when we find ourselves 'stuck' in patterns, relationship difficulties, and pain that feel overwhelming and seemingly insurmountable. Together we will explore your story and how the challenges you are facing in your life today may be an avenue to greater healing.
I have been married to my husband for 26 years, and together have raised 4 amazing children!
Professional Credentials:
I received my Bachelor of Arts from Seattle Pacfic University and am currently a counseling intern, working towards earning a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Northwest University.
Nathalie only accepts cash payments at this time, at a rate of $40/session
CP Church
© 2023 Cedar Park Church. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy Contact Us Jobs
info@cedarpark.org 425-488-3600 16300 112th Ave. NE Bothell, WA 98011


We love to celebrate and to witness people's smiles and happiness. This is why we are putting at centre of our craft the special moments in everyone's life: birthdays, anniversaries, weddings, baby showers and christening. Made for special moments, our hand made cakes are inspired by you. When you are ordering a cake, we work closely with you to understand the character of the event and your favourite flavours. Than we create a bespoke cake, crafted from scratch by our passionate bakers and finished by our gifted cakes stylists. You can also choose from a selection of famous traditional cakes.
In addition, we prepare fresh continental cakes you can enjoy in an instant directly from the shop with your family and friends and, of course, you can indulge in a private experience with single treats and mini cakes.


text:
India-Japan defence, foreign ministers for South China Sea navigation freedom
Photo: India's Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar (right) greeting Japan's Minister of Defence Taro Kono and Minister of Foreign Affairs Toshimitsu Motegi before their 2+2 dialogue in New Delhi today.
India, Japan to hold first joint fighter aircraft exercise in Japan between their air forces
Japan to post an officer at India's Information Fusion Centre for Indian Ocean Region
India, Japan to work jointly on Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and Robotics
New Delhi: India's Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar today met Japanese Foreign Affairs Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, and Minister of Defense Taro Kono here for the first 2+2 ministerial meeting, when they reaffirmed their commitment to freedom of navigation in the South China Sea, in what's seen as a clear joint message to neighbour China.
Here is the text of the Joint Statement issued following the meeting between the two ministers:
The ministers affirmed that this dialogue will further enhance the strategic depth of bilateral security and defence cooperation. Acknowledging emerging security challenges, the ministers reiterated their commitment to advancing bilateral security cooperation based on the 2008 Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation and the 2009 Action Plan to Advance Security Cooperation. Recalling that the two sides had a shared vision of a free, open, inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific region in which the principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity are ensured, and all countries enjoy freedom of navigation and overflight, the ministers emphasised that further strengthening of bilateral cooperation was in mutual interest of both countries and would also help in furthering the cause of the peace, security and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region.
Photo: India's External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar and Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh (right) greeting Japan's Minister of Foreign Affairs Toshimitsu Motegi and Minister of Defence Taro Kono before their 2+2 dialogue in New Delhi today.
The ministers welcomed the progress made in deepening bilateral defence cooperation last year. The ministers noted with satisfaction that since last year India and Japan have initiated bilateral exercises between all three components of their defence forces. The ministers shared the view to make continuous efforts for holding the bilateral exercises between the defence forces regularly and further expanding the same. In this regard, the ministers welcomed the recently conducted second 'Dharma Guardian-2019' and the second 'SHINYUU Maitri-2019'. The ministers also concurred to proceed with coordination for the first India-Japan joint fighter aircraft exercise in Japan.
The ministers welcomed the significant progress made in the negotiations of Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) since the announcement to commence the negotiations in Oct. 2018. The ministers expressed their desire for early conclusion of the negotiations and were of the view that the agreement will further contribute to enhancing defence cooperation between the two sides.
Acknowledging the importance of ensuring maritime safety in achieving a free, open, inclusive and rules-based Indo-Pacific, the ministers expressed their intention to further promote cooperation in the field of capacity building in maritime security and Maritime Domain Awareness including through cooperation with other countries. In this context, the ministers welcomed the setting up of Information Fusion Centre – Indian Ocean Region (IFC-IOR) by India in Dec. 2018. The Indian side looked forward to Japanese side dispatching a liaison officer at the IFC-IOR in the near future. The ministers noted with satisfaction the commencement of exchange of information based on the Implementing Arrangement for Deeper Cooperation between the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and the Indian Navy signed last year.
The ministers emphasised the need to further strengthen the defence equipment and technology cooperation and looked forward to productive discussions in the fifth Joint Working Group on Defence Equipment and Technology Cooperation (JWG-DETC). In this context, the ministers welcomed the progress on cooperative research in the area of Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and Robotics.
The ministers appreciated the existing exchange programs between the defence educational and research institutions of the two countries and expressed their desire to continue and expand the exchange programmes.
Recalling the Japan-India-US Summit Meetings in Nov. 2018 and Jun. 2019, the ministers acknowledged the trilateral cooperation with the US. The ministers expressed their satisfaction at trilateral cooperation represented by the 'MALABAR 2019' held in Sep.-Oct 2019 off the coast of Japan, mine-countermeasures exercise (MINEX) held in Japan in Jul. 2019 and 'Cope India 2018' in which Japan participated as an observer in Dec. 2018.
The ministers welcomed the recent Japan-India-Australia-US Foreign Ministerial Consultations in New York in Sep. 2019.
Photo: India's Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar leading the Indian delegation at their 2+2 meeting with Japan's Minister of Defence of Japan Taro Kono and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan Toshimitsu Motegi in New Delhi today. India"s Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Karambir Singh, Defence Secretary Dr Ajay Kumar and Secretary (Defence Production) Subhash Chandra are also present.
Regional and International Affairs
The ministers had a frank and fruitful exchange of views on the regional issues of mutual interests particularly on the security situation in the Indo-Pacific.
The ministers reaffirmed the importance of supporting ASEAN centrality and unity for promoting peace and prosperity of the Indo-Pacific. The ministers welcomed the adoption of 'ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP)' during the 34th ASEAN Summit in Thailand in Jun. 2019. The ministers expressed their commitment to working together with ASEAN for achieving their shared objectives. The ministers also reiterated their support for ASEAN-led frameworks such as the East Asia Summit (EAS), the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus).
The Japanese side appreciated India's announcement of 'Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative' at the recent 14th EAS to create a safe, secure, stable, prosperous and sustainable maritime domain and confirmed their willingness to discuss concrete cooperation based on the Initiative. The ministers noted with satisfaction that India and Japan's initiatives for realising a free and open Indo-Pacific, including the recent 'Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative' and AOIP all strive for an Indo-Pacific region that is inclusive and open to all countries in the region. The Indian side welcomed Japan's 'Vientiane Vision 2.0' in Nov. 2019 as an updated initiative for defence cooperation between Japan and ASEAN.
The ministers reaffirmed the importance of realising North Korea's complete, verifiable and irreversible dismantlement of all weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles of all ranges in accordance with the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions (UNSCRs) and expressed their commitment to the full implementation of the relevant UNSCRs. The ministers condemned North Korea's recent launches of ballistic missiles which are clear violation of the relevant UNSCRs. The ministers strongly urged North Korea to resolve the abductions issue at the earliest date.
Photo: India's Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar with Japan's Minister of Defence of Japan Taro Kono and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan Toshimitsu Motegi at their 2+2 meeting in New Delhi today.
The ministers exchanged views on the recent developments in the South China Sea keeping in view also the Chairman's Statement of the 14th EAS. In this context, the Ministers reaffirmed the importance of freedom of navigation and overflight, unimpeded lawful commerce and peaceful resolution of disputes with full respect for legal and diplomatic processes in accordance with the universally recognised principles of international law, including those reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The ministers also took note of the negotiations of a Code of Conduct (COC) and urged that it should be effective, substantive, and consistent with international law, including the UNCLOS, ensure freedom of navigation and must not prejudice the rights and interests of the stakeholders using the South China Sea and freedoms of all states under international law.
The ministers condemned in the strongest terms the growing threat of terrorism and acknowledged that it constituted a major threat to peace and security in the region. The ministers called upon all countries take resolute action in rooting out terrorist safe havens and infrastructure, disrupting terrorist networks and eliminating financing channels and halting cross-border movement of terrorists. The ministers underlined the need for all countries to ensure that all territory under their control is not used to launch terrorist attacks on other countries in any manner. They noted in this context the threat posed to regional security by terrorist networks operating out of Pakistan and called upon it to take resolute and irreversible action against them and fully comply with international commitments including to Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The ministers emphasised the need for stronger international partnership in countering terrorism and violent extremism, including through increased sharing of information and intelligence.
The ministers shared recognition on the importance of continuing exchange of opinions in light of the success of this 2+2 Ministerial Meeting, and decided to hold the next 2+2 Ministerial Meeting in Tokyo.
Categories: Diplomacy, Indian Air Force, Indian Army, Indian Coast Guard, Indian Navy, Politics
Tagged as: 2+2, 2+2 Dialogue, Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement, Action Plan to Advance Security Cooperation, ADDM Plus, Aircraft, ASEAN, ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus, ASEAN Regional Forum, Bilateral, China, Combat, Cooperation, Defence, Defence Equipment and Technology Cooperation, Defence Ministry, Dharma Guardian, Diplomacy, Dr S. Jaishankar, East Asia Summit, Exercise, FATF, Fighter, Financial Action Task Force, Foreign, Foreign Minister, Implementing Arrangement for Deeper Cooperation, India, Indian, Indian Air Force, Indian Army, Indian Coast Guard, Indian Navy, Indian Ocean, Indian Ocean Region, Indo-Pacific, Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative, Information Fusion Centre, Japan, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation, Joint Statement, Joint Working Group, Malabar, Maritime, Maritime Domain Awareness, Minister, Minister of Defence, Ministerial Consultations, Ministerial Meeting, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi, North Korea, Plus, Rajnath Singh, Robotics, Security Coucil, Shinyuu Maitri, South China Sea, Taro Kono, Terrorism, Tokyo, Toshimitsu Motegi, UNCLOS, United Nations, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, United States, Unmanned Ground Vehicles, UNSC, US, USA, Vientiane Vision 2.0
India Army test of Israel Spike missiles triggers Rafael-DRDO wordy battle
Hari Mohan, an armoured vehicles expert, is India Ordnance Factory Board chairman


text:
Minitingis is a genus of lace bugs in the family Tingidae. There are at least two described species in Minitingis.

Species
These two species belong to the genus Minitingis:
 Minitingis elsae Froeschner, 1968
 Minitingis minusculus Barber, 1954

References

Further reading

Tingidae
Articles created by Qbugbot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Amazing Design. I'm hoping you will think it's great.
Amazing Design images gallery you should comply with this particular website link.
We hope you can find what you need here. We always effort to show a picture with HD resolution or at least with perfect images. Texas Tuscan House Plans Best Of Hillside Home Plans Inspirational Texas Tuscan House Plans can be beneficial inspiration for those who seek an image according specific categories; you can find it in this site. Finally all pictures we have been displayed in this site will inspire you all..


text:
The Center for Security Policy's closest and most active supporters make up the National Board of Regents. They share the conviction that the United States must remain a military, economic, political and strategic power and they provide the financial support that allows the Center to conduct projects and programs focused on keeping America safe and strong.
Members facilitate interactions between the Center and related business and community leaders. They participate in regularly schedule Regents Roundtable and other national security advisory meetings that allow Members to personally impact the Center's policy decisions.
HOW A REGENT HELPS SECURE OUR FREEDOM
Provides or raises critical financial support
Board of Regents' annual memberships, event sponsorships, and other fundraising efforts provide the Center with almost a quarter of its general operation funds.
Acts as a force-multiplier
Board of Regents members use their network to spread the Center's message to those who have the power to make a difference, such as local and national political figures, businesses, community leaders and the media
The board of Regents is vital to the Center's ability to deliver on its promise of "Peace through strength" – not just in the world of ideas but in taking action that makes our nation safer in an increasingly perilous world.
~Barbara Winston, Founding Member of the Board of Regents and Recipient of the Terry Elkes Sacred Honor Award
If you would like to join the Center for Security Policy's Board of Regents, please print and fill out our Board of Regents membership form and remit to the Center.
Click the button below to join now at your preferred level of membership:
National Board of Regents Membership Levels
For more information about membership levels and ways to give, please contact our development department at development@centerforsecuritypolicy.org.***
PRESIDENT'S CLUB ($25,000)
Invitations to national security briefings on Capitol Hill or our DC headquarters
An opportunity to introduce dignitaries at events
Photo opportunities with dignitaries
Plus all benefits listed below
CHAIRMAN'S SOCIETY ($15,000)
Invitations to nationwide Board of Regents events with the opportunity to bring one (1) guest to each meeting
Invitation to National Defense Initiative dinners, featuring prominent national security policy advisors
One complimentary ticket to CSP Gala functions
INNER CIRCLE ($10,000)
VIP seating at all CSP functions
SECURITY COUNCIL ($5,000)
Invitation to regional events featuring private insider briefings with CSP Policy experts
Complimentary copies of each CSP Press publication produced during membership period
REGENT MEMBER ($1,250) (Half price for members 40 years and under)
Membership in the Board of Regents, allowing participation at exclusive local Board of Regents roundtable meetings held in major US cities and featuring CSP staff and other leading experts from around the country
GUARDIAN OF FREEDOM ($500)
Invitation to CSP's quarterly Board of Regents Speaker Series conference call featuring prominent national security experts
Invitation to CSP Gala events in Washington D.C. and other select cities
PATRIOT ($250)
The Secure Freedom Newsletter (via mail)
ADVOCATE ($100)
The Secure Freedom Newsletter
For more information on the Board of Regents or the Center for Security Policy, please call the Center's development office at 202-719-2415.


The full topic descriptions, to appear in the call text, will result from the CHIST-ERA Conference 2015. This conference, held in Lisbon, June 16-18 2015, brings together scientists working in these research areas and CHIST-ERA representatives to refine the topics contour and scope of the Call 2015. All attendees are invited to participate in plenary and facilitated break-out sessions to identify and formulate the promising scientific and technological challenges at the frontier of research. This represents a unique opportunity for the scientific community to directly participate in scoping the call.


Designed, engineered and built in Europe, the new Toyota Avensis made its world premiere at this year's Paris Motor Show. Building on the success of the previous two models, the new Avensis projects an athletic and sleek design, giving a strong and dynamic character to the car. Featuring more powerful and cleaner engines, the new Avensis emits less CO2, uses less fuel and offers improved quality and enhanced equipment levels.
First launched in Europe at the end of 1997, over the last 10 years Avensis has gone from a segment share of 6% up to 8% and become a key player in the European D-segment. Toyota expects its newest third generation model will continue to strengthen this role.
The second generation Avensis held high standards for design, driving comfort and 5-star Euro NCAP safety. Avensis quality was particularly apparent in the finish and feel of the car's internal mouldings. The second generation Avensis was also the very first D-segment car to achieve a maximum score of five stars in the Euro NCAP test. It came top with a record score of 34 points, which made it officially the safest D-segment car ever to be launched in Europe, and the first car of its kind to introduce a knee SRS airbag for the driver.
For the new third generation Avensis, Toyota was determined to increase the level of input from Europe. To ensure the success of the new Avensis, the Chief Engineer, Takashi Yamamoto, first came to Europe and drove more than 5000km through ten different European countries – from the very north to the south tip - to assess the needs and requirements of the European D-segment motorists. The third generation Avensis holds a large portion of European creative input, both from designers as well as engineers.
Chief Engineer Takashi Yamamoto explains: "From the start, we have put a strong European mark on the project. A total of 35 engineers from Toyota Motor Europe were invited to Japan to join forces with the Toyota Motor Corporation development team. When the project team returned to Europe for finalisation, these engineers played a key role in the knowledge transfer between the two development teams. I think this is one of the key reasons why today we can look back at a highly efficient development process and be proud of our achievement, that I believe is nothing less than "Cutting Edge" in the D-segment".
One huge challenge facing the team designing the third generation Avensis was creating a car that is both powerful, safe and fun to drive, but still makes a substantial commitment to reducing CO2 and other harmful emissions in Europe.
"With the rapid advancement of society in the 21st century, our lifestyles have become extremely complex. Accordingly, people's demands toward cars have become diverse. Drivers are not satisfied with cars that are simply fast and comfortable. Today, more owners are concerned about safety, ecology, and social responsibility," explains Wahei Hirai, Managing Officer, Toyota Design Center.
Innovative Toyota Optimal Drive technology is applied to the third generation Avensis through a powerful new range of petrol engines, upgraded diesel engines and advanced new transmissions offering customers reduced emissions and fuel consumption, yet without compromising on power and driving pleasure. Every new Avensis powertrain is optimised for fuel efficiency, low emissions and powerful performance. Thanks to Toyota Optimal Drive, the new Avensis will also contribute to reduce Toyota's CO2 fleet average below 140g/km by 2009. The result for the overall European Avensis fleet is an average reduction per vehicle by 6.7g/km down to 153.5g/km.
"The new Avensis innovates athleticism by balancing opposing elements of dynamism and comfort, emotion and functionality, image and self-gratification. It is not done by relying on mass to express power, but through synergy of opposing elements. Athletic imagery relates more to speed-skaters, swimmers or racehorses rather than a muscular bull: powerful but not massive." – Simon Humphries, General Manager Toyota Design Center.
The new Avensis will be available in two athletic body shapes: a sedan and a wagon. Instead of simply stretching and raising the rear section of the sedan, the Avensis wagon was designed specifically for its purpose, and to match the same elegant flowing lines as the sedan. The design team sculpting the wagon focused on incorporating the seductive nature of the sedan while at the same time allowing practicality and luggage space matching all the most recent D-segment competitors.
Vibrant Clarity, is about resolving paradoxes. Drawing on Japanese J-factor heritage as its foundation, Vibrant Clarity is a design ethos that aims to infuse future vehicles with a completely original identity and emotional intensity that will be uniquely identifiable as Toyota. Vibrant Clarity is the key to answering a long-standing paradox – how to create vehicles that are both energised and dynamic (vibrant), but also at the same time, rational and ingenious (clarity).
"In our design process, synergizing contradictory elements in harmony is central to the creation of new design values. This way of thinking originates in Japanese aesthetics. This is what we call our J-factor. J-factor is quite simply Japanese originality that will have global appeal." explains Wahei Hirai, Managing Officer, Toyota Design Center.
On the new Avensis, Vibrant Clarity was applied with its three fundamental building blocks: Perfect Imbalance, Integrated Component Architecture and Freeform Geometrics.
The prevalent use of asymmetry in Japanese aesthetics can be described as Perfect Imbalance. An unexpected element in an otherwise perfect composition is often the element that makes it more natural, enthralling and dynamic. Stereotypical notions of vehicles, which look 'balanced', are often easy to understand at first, but soon become boring. Creating energy and vitality in the overall proportion of a vehicle is essential in design, which endures.
The third generation Avensis profile is almost mono-form in nature, with the cowl pushed forward and the rear pillar pulled backward, creating a striking, powerful and distinct identity with a high-class feeling. The raised face of the vehicle seamlessly flows into the mono-form cabin and steeply wedged beltline, before leading to the raised boot, creating a unique form, as well as excellent aerodynamics.
Using the idea of "Perfect Imbalance", designers of the third generation Avensis managed to stretch front and rear pillars to create a flowing form and roominess, while almost maintaining outer dimensions. And the clean dynamic form has surprising interior space, but at the same time Toyota designers managed to optimise pedestrian safety whilst at the same time keeping a low and aerodynamic bonnet. Excellent aerodynamics give a Coefficient of Drag (Cd) of just 0.28 for the sedan body type and 0.29 for the wagon body, which has helped in reducing the CO2 emission levels.
Avensis is just 50mm longer than the previous generation, giving the sedan and the wagon a length of 4695mm and 4765mm respectively. Both versions have the same 2700mm wheelbase and they also keep the same height as their predecessors at 1480mm. Thanks to the new platform, the front tread width has been increased by 45mm and the rear tread width by 30mm, while the width of the car has increased by 50mm, to 1810mm.
Relocating the wheels towards the outside edges of the floorplan has achieved a more solid, powerful presence, without adding unnecessary weight or mass.
As the title infers, Integrated Component Architecture aims to develop striking architectural features, which contribute to the whole form of a vehicle while giving emphasis to each individual component. In addition to the proportion of the vehicle, revealing the architectural construction and theme of the design further communicates energy without the need for exaggeration.
To the front of the third generation Avensis, the wrap around architecture of the bonnet clearly expresses the construction of the vehicle, yet at the same time is integrated into the entire form. The rear end of the vehicle echoes this approach with its bumper character line that flows out towards the corners, connects to the rear combination lamps and finally integrates in the body.
Freeform Geometrics is how Vibrant Clarity is applied to the surfacing of the vehicle. A clear combination of geometric lines and surfaces giving the feeling of it being handmade, results in a simplistic, yet highly seductive overall aesthetic. The surfaces are almost mathematical in their cleanliness and precision, but at the same time have movement and emotion to keep the design fresh and energised.
"Our design philosophy is based on a belief that design should emphasise endurance, in a philosophy that connects the past to the future. We believe that design should touch people's hearts and represent a dream that has come true." Wahei Hirai – Managing Officer, Toyota Design Center, Toyota Motor Corporation.
The second generation Avensis was praised for being a very roomy car. On the new Avensis, Toyota worked on the perception of space by moving the A-pillar forward by 110mm and the C-pillar backwards by 50mm. The cargo area in the wagon is very flexible, with thoughtful optional features like sliding cargo rails to allow for dividing and securing separate loads. Retractable smart rear seats allow flexible one-touch flat folding to create extra space in both wagon and sedan.
The new instrument panel design maximizes interior width, emphasising the car's roominess. In the wagon version the feeling of space can be further enhanced by the optional panoramic roof, which creates a seamless connection to the outside environment.
The interior materials express prestige and dynamism and are available in black or in a combination of grey and beige. The dashboard trim has a softly textured, grained quality while the centre console comes in different layouts ranging from black metallic paint to titanium-tinted ornamentation, depending on grade. On the high grades, the new Avensis' centre console features a warm and intriguingly textured finish, which is inspired by Takesumi (charcoal made out of bamboo).
The instrument console has a flowing high quality look with crisply illuminated speedometer and tachometer dials with chrome surrounding rings. The Optitron display ensures clear legibility regardless of lighting conditions and helps to maintain your long sight vision, immediately after checking the meters.
Avensis owners no longer have to choose between fuel effciency and performance. Now, both are standard across the range as every new Avensis benefits from Toyota Optimal Drive: innovative environmental solutions that deliver a powerful balance of reduced fuel consumption, low CO2 emissions and uncompromised driving pleasure.
Toyota Optimal Drive is made possible by an ingenious line-up of new engine technologies and advanced transmissions that feature low friction components, lightweight compact design and enhanced combustion effciency.
On the new Avensis petrol engines, Toyota Optimal Drive has maximised the effciency, power and torque through advanced new Valvematic technology that allows optimal valve lift and timing to generate top-level performance.
For the Avensis diesel engines, a series of component systems have been re-engineered, using Toyota Optimal Drive technology, to make the engines deliver higher performance while emitting fewer emissions and consuming less fuel.
Avensis owners can now also enjoy the smoothness of driving effciently, with advanced and highly responsive Multidrive S and 6-speed automatic transmission technology.
One of the key pillars underpinning Toyota Optimal Drive is the new Valvematic petrol engine line-up with CO2 emissions and fuel consumption decreased by 10 to 26% depending on powertrain, while at the same time increasing power by 3 to 20%.
Valvematic is an innovative development of Toyota's proven dual Variable Valve Timing - intelligent (dual VVT-i) technology. In addition to the variable timing of the inlet and outlet valves, Valvematic adds a lift control system that continually varies the lift of the inlet valves in order to better control the intake airflow volume and speed. This provides a breakthrough in combustion efficiency, that ultimately delivers more power for less fuel.
The basic two elements of the Valvematic system are an actuator and a continuous valve lift control unit. The opening motion of the inlet valves is transferred from the camshaft to the valves by a rocker. To control the amount the valve is opened, the continuous valve lift control unit varies the clearance between the valve and the rocker, and hence the amount the valve is opened.
Compactly situated on the end of the cylinder head, the Valvematic actuator utilises a screw thread mechanism to adjust the clearance and contact period between the rocker and the valve. As a result, Toyota has been able to package the Valvematic operating system within the cylinder head, without the need to increase the height and width of the engine.
One restraining force in a conventional internal combustion engine is the so called "pumping loss", which means the vacuum that is created in the intake manifold (air intake) at low- to medium engine speeds. At low- to medium engine speeds a reduced amount of air- and fuel mix is needed. Hence, in a conventional combustion engine, the throttle is just partially open and a vacuum is created in the intake manifold when the combustion chamber is being filled with air- and fuel mix.
The piston, therefore, has to work continuously against this vacuum, which lowers the efficiency of the engine. On the Valvematic engines, the valve lift height is variable, so at low- to medium engine speed range this enables the air- and fuel mix to be controlled by the lower lift height of the valves instead, and practically leaves the throttle fully opened, which lowers the pumping loss.
The air- and fuel mix being controlled by a lower lift height in the low- to medium engine speed range also brings another fuel saving advantage - reduced mechanical friction. Each valve is positioned with a spring, and when opening the valve a force working towards this spring is applied. On a conventional petrol engine, the valve is continually opened to its maximum lift at every engine revolution. With the Valvematic system, which varies the amount of valve lift according to engine speed or load, the energy required for the valve opening is reduced.
The key principle to combustion efficiency – delivering more power from less fuel and hence low emissions – is to ensure the best possible mixing of the air and fuel as it enters the combustion chamber.
If the air intake speed is too low, the air and the fuel cannot fully mix, meaning lower combustion efficiency and higher emissions for a given power output. The principle of the Valvematic system is to control both the speed and the volume of air and fuel mixture into the engine by varying the inlet valve lift and duration.
At low- to medium engine speed range, when traditionally the air intake speed is lower, the Valvematic system only partially opens the inlet valve. For a given volume flow, the air and fuel has to pass faster through the smaller valve opening. A faster airflow is created and the mixing of the air and fuel is optimised – dramatically improving combustion efficiency and reducing emissions. As low- to medium engine speed range is the most commonly used operating range in everyday driving, the significance and impact of this improvement is extremely important.
The continuous valve lift control unit not only allows for a lower lift height during normal driving conditions, it also allows for an increased lift height under conditions where maximum power is needed. With the higher valve lift it is possible to maximise the volume of air and fuel entering the combustion chamber, resulting in a higher overall power output.
To further optimise combustion efficiency Toyota has designed a variable length of the inlet manifold. At low- to medium engine speed range a valve in the inlet manifold is kept closed, requiring the air to take a longer route. This route is carefully designed to serve as an accelerator, to ensure that the inlet air speed is maximised as it approaches the inlet valve, further improving the efficiency of the combustion process. At higher engine speed ranges, the valve in the manifold is opened. This allows air to enter via a shorter, less restrictive route, maximising the air volume able to reach the engine and ultimately increasing the engine power output.
As the volume of air and fuel entering the engine is controlled by the opening of the inlet valve, the role of the traditional throttle has changed. Instead of controlling the airflow into the engine at all times it is now mainly utilised to restrict airflow at engine shut down or as part of the vehicle stability control system.
This means, for the most part, the throttle can be held fully open when the engine is running minimising restriction and hence maximising airflow efficiency into the inlet manifold.
This, in turn, improves engine response, as there is no longer a delay for air to reach the engine when the throttle is opened.
The new 1.6-litre Valvematic benefits from a brand-new 6-speed manual transmission. The 1.6 -litre Valvematic power has been increased by 20% compared to the previous 1.6 VVT-i – up to 132 DIN hp, with torque up by 10Nm to 160Nm at 4400rpm. The CO2 emission level is reduced by 12% to 152g/km* (sedan body type).
The new 1.8-litre Valvematic offers a choice of a new 6-speed manual transmission or a brand-new Multidrive S transmission, Toyota's latest continuously variable transmission technology. The 1.8-litre Valvematic power has been increased by 14% compared to the previous 1.8-litre VVT-i – up to 147 DIN hp, with torque up by 10Nm to 180Nm at 4000rpm. The CO2 emission level is down by 10% to 154g/km* when combined with the manual transmission version and by 16% to 157g/km* when combined with the Multidrive S transmission (sedan body type).
At the top of the petrol range is the 2.0-litre Valvematic, which also comes with either the 6-speed manual transmission or the brand-new Multidrive S transmission. Its improved performance gives 152 DIN hp, an increase of 3% compared to the old 2.0 D-4, and 196Nm torque at 4000rpm. The CO2 emission level is down by 15% to 163g/km* when combined with the manual transmission version and by 26% to 164g/km* when combined with the Multidrive S transmission (sedan body type).
With these new petrol engines, the new Avensis delivers top-class power to CO2 ratio.
Another example of Toyota Optimal Drive can be seen on the new Avensis diesel line-up. Here the challenge was re-engineering engines to deliver excellent performance, low CO2 emissions and fuel consumption, but at the same time also make a substantial reduction in the amount of particulate matter and NOx produced by the engines. The Toyota Optimal Drive D-4D engines now all meet Euro V standards.
The new third-generation Avensis will offer customers one of the most comprehensive diesel engine ranges in the segment. All fitted with Toyota Optimal Drive technology, the 2.0-litre D-4D 125 is the entry-level engine, followed by the 2.2-litre D-4D 150 as the mid-power offer and, finally, the 2.2-litre D-4D 180, which will cover the high-power band of this segment.
A series of component systems has been re-engineered on the Avensis D-4D range, using Toyota Optimal Drive technology, to make the engines deliver higher performance while at the same time lowering emissions and consumption.
The three powerful and refined Toyota Optimal Drive diesel engines on the new generation Avensis deliver more torque at lower speed, leading to an increased level of driving pleasure. Power is present at lower speeds and less frequent gear shifting is needed. The low speed torque performance is increased by up to 5.5% depending on engine.
The new Toyota Optimal Drive D-4D engines use the very latest piezoelectric technology. The solenoid injectors of the 2.0-litre D-4D 125 and the 2.2-litre D-4D 150 have been replaced by new efficient piezoelectric injectors and the 2.2-litre D-4D 180 has adopted the same new injectors too. Piezoelectric injectors can more accurately control the fuel volume and the timing of the injection. The increased injection pressure in combination with the new piezoelectric injectors leads to a shorter injection time. Toyota's piezoelectric common-rail system produces one of the highest injection pressures among systems of this type – 2000 bar. This state-of-the-art system is a central factor in achieving class-leading levels of power and torque, with high fuel efficiency.
The more refined control of the fuel injection provided by the new piezoelectric injectors helps to reduce CO2 emissions, fuel consumption and other emissions such as particulate matter (PM) and NOx. Also contributing to this is a new shape of the combustion chamber that optimises the combustion process, and the adoption of a low viscosity oil to reduce the level of friction.
These new diesel engine technology features lead to CO2 and fuel consumption level reduction from 1 to 10% depending on the powertrain compared to the outgoing Avensis model.
The entry-level 2.0-litre D-4D 125 engine, available with a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), delivers power via a 6-speed manual transmission. It produces 126 DIN hp and 310Nm torque between 1800 and 2400rpm. Emissions are reduced by 7% to 134g/km* when equipped with Oxidation Catalytic Converter (CCo), and by 9% to 139g/km* when fitted with the DPF (sedan body type).
The 2.2-litre D-4D 150, equipped as standard with a DPF when ordered with the 6-speed manual transmission, offers a well-balanced proposition of power and economy. Power output is 150DIN hp while torque has been increased on this engine by nearly 10% to 340Nm between 2000 and 2,00rpm. In addition, its wide torque range means maximum torque is available in most driving conditions, without the need for frequent gear changes. CO2 emissions are reduced by 6% to 147g/km* (sedan body type).
A brand-new 6-speed automatic transmission is also available. When combined with the 6-speed automatic transmission, this engine is equipped with Toyota's unique emissions control technology called Toyota D-CAT (Diesel - Clean Advanced Technology), delivering a CO2 emission level of 169g/km* (sedan body type). Here Toyota D-CAT technology reduces emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), and Particulate Matter (PM) at the same time. The technology is maintenance-free and doesn't require any component replacement.
The 2.2 D-4D 180, equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission, puts Avensis in contention with the most powerful diesel cars in the sector. It features the most advanced technologies available today: all- aluminium construction, high-pressure piezoelectric common-rail system, electrically-activated turbocharger, latest-generation ceramic glow plugs and the unique Toyota D-CAT technology.
The engine's unique combination of a low compression ratio and high boost turbocharger creates remarkable power output and engine efficiency. With 177 DIN hp of power and a torque delivery of 400Nm across a range from 2000 to 2800rpm, this is among the most powerful diesel cars in the D-segment. It delivers 0-100km/h in just 8.5 seconds with a CO2 emission level of 157g/km, making it a high power diesel with one of the lowest CO2 levels on the market today.
The Toyota Motor Manufacturing UK plant in Deeside will supply the 1.6 and 1.8 Valvematic engines while the brand-new plant Toyota Motor Industries Poland (TMIP), located in Jelcz-Laskowice, Poland, will supply 2.0 and 2.2 D-4D engines. The Toyota Motor Manufacturing Poland (TMMP) plant will provide the new 6-speed manual transmission for the Valvematic engines.
The new Avensis will have a range of advanced transmissions with focus on the balance between responsiveness and smoothness and of course – fuel efficiency.
The Multidrive S is Toyota's brand-new and highly advanced Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) available on the 1.8-litre and 2.0-litre Valvematic engines.
For the first time on a Toyota diesel passenger car, a 6-speed automatic is introduced and will be available on the 2.2-litre D-4D 150.
All petrol engines can also be ordered with a newly developed 6-speed manual transmission while the diesel engines will be available with the proven 6-speed manual transmission.
Multidrive S is Toyota's latest continuously variable transmission technology. It gives an incredibly smooth, refined shift and automatically optimises the torque and fuel consumption by always using the most efficient engine speed.
While conventional automatic or manual transmissions use multiple sets of gears and a clutch to achieve different gear ratios, Toyota's Multidrive S delivers an infinite number of ratios using two cone-shaped pulleys and a high-strength v-shaped steel belt. With this arrangement Multidrive S changes ratios smoothly and seamlessly, almost eliminating traditional shift shock.
The transmission is very CO2 and fuel efficient, because the continuously variable transmission lets the engine utilise the most efficient engine speed region, making the most out of the engine torque.
Powerful driving performance: due to its innovative pulley and chain v-belt design, it can also continuously maintain the ideal ratio to keep the engine in its optimal power range.
Incredibly smooth, refined shift, automatically optimising the torque and fuel consumption by always using the optimum engine speed.
Multidrive S continuously and seamlessly adjusts its pulley ratio to always provide the most fuel efficient ratio under normal driving conditions. When pressuring the engine a little harder, the transmission starts to simulate the behaviour of a 7-speed automatic transmission. This helps to eliminate whining sounds associated with a continuously variable transmission, which could occur during fast acceleration. When performing a complete kick-down with the accelerator paddle, the transmission goes back to its normal behaviour to fully benefit from the optimal power range.
For driving in hilly regions an "uphill" or "downhill" control logic has also been developed that will select the best ratios from the Multidrive S. Driving up hills the ratio will be selected to reduce the amount of shifting and driving down hill ratios will be selected to make optimum use of engine braking.
For a sportier drive, the driver simply has to push the "sport" button next to the gearshift. This mode will select a more responsive and power-maximising ratio that better corresponds with the driver's intention.
For an even more active driving feel, the Multidrive S features a sequential manual 7-speed mode. The gear selection is either performed by the gearshift lever, or on the 2.0-litre Valvematic engine, the driver can also use the paddle-shifts located on each side of the steering wheel.
On this powertrain option, drivers can also use the paddle-shifts to temporarily override the automatic mode. It means that the gearbox is still in D-mode, but when preparing to overtake for example the driver can override the D-mode temporarily to prepare for coming conditions. The transmission goes back to the automatic mode by pressing the "+-paddle" for more than 1 second, or when driving at a constant speed, or when accelerating constantly for more than a specified period of time or when the vehicle is fully stopped.
By fitting a wider gear range ratio to this brand-new gearbox, engine speed has been reduced which leads to better fuel economy and with this lower CO2 (the new Avensis petrol engines now feature a 6-speed gearbox instead of 5-speed). Fuel economy was also improved by reducing friction and drag in the transaxle. Here Toyota engineers added an oil separator to decrease the amount of the oil stir as well as specifying low friction bearings and low viscosity oil.
A lot of engineering effort has been put in to improve shift feeling on the new gearbox to make it smoother than the outgoing manual transmission. For the synchronizing system engineers adopted a high capacity synchronizer, decreased the width of the teeth (or pitch) from 2.1mm to 1.6mm and added a separate chamfer (one for synchronizing and one for engaging). For the shift system a highly efficient shift layout and steel fork with symmetrical rigidity was specified. This was the first time that all these three refinements were added to one Toyota gearbox. Together all these changes meant the gearbox is now smoother and represents a breakthrough compared to the second generation Avensis.
In terms of noise and vibration, Computer Aided Engineering methods were used to design the best gearbox possible. High strength oval and conical forms were developed. Computational work resulted in an optimised case shape, bearing support and strengthening rib layout. Teeth geometry was also perfected and a new grinding process was used for the third, 4th and final gear teeth.
Representing a Toyota first on a diesel passenger car, a brand-new 6-speed automatic transmission is offered on the 2.2 D-4D 150. It provides a fast smooth shift response while maintaining an impressive level of comfort by eliminating harsh shift shocks. To select a shift pattern that corresponds to the road condition and the driver's intention, it uses Toyota's AI-SHIFT control (Artificial Intelligence Shift control). The AI-SHIFT control monitors throttle opening angle, brake signal input and vehicle- and engine speed and automatically adjusts the shift pattern to suit. It has a Sport mode that when switched on selects a more aggressive shift pattern, using the AI-SHIFT Control.
This new automatic transmission also offers the exhilaration of a sequential 6-speed manual mode. By moving into the M-gate, the driver can change gear either by using the sequential shift of the gearshift lever or by using paddle-shifts on the steering wheel.
Toyota engineers added a newly developed M-mode control, "Sports direct shift response". The M-mode gives a more direct feeling and lock-up is used from second to 6th gears for as wide a range as possible right up to the red zone. This allows a sporty drive like on a manual transmission. The paddle shift option and "blipping" during the downshift process adds to driving fun and feel. Blipping is achieved by controlling the injection volume of diesel and hydraulically controlling the clutch engagement and disengagement. Through this the change time and response could be improved greatly. Here, Toyota has achieved a world best for downshift times in diesel engines.
As on the 2.0-litre Valvematic Multidrive S, the Avensis 2.2-litre D-4D 150 drivers can also override the D-mode temporarily. This means that the gearbox is still in D-mode, but to prepare for overtaking or cornering the driver can temporarily select a lower gear. It can also be used when engine braking is needed. This function selects a fixed highest gear range mode and stays in this condition until either the vehicle is stopped, the vehicle has been driving at a constant speed or has been accelerating constantly for more than a specified period of time or by pressing the "+-paddle" for more than 1 second.
The gearbox is 384mm long and it weights 94.5 kilos with liquids. It displays very smooth gear shifts without shock, but at the same time is very responsive – another example of solving very different aims. Even the take-off control (from stand still), is very well balanced with a quick responsive take-off without hesitation but at the same time no shock which means a comfortable ride.
Engineering efforts were also focused on improving shift quality. An advanced electromagnetic linear solenoid was used to control large oil flows in the clutch more accurately and software for "engine torque demand control" and "multiple shift sequence logic" was developed. Closer ratio gearing was also adopted that leads to improved acceleration performance in the middle and lower vehicle speed range.
Fuel economy was also optimised by changing the groove shape on the friction discs in the torque converter, and re-engineering the torque converter gives a 90% efficiency level. Thanks to these changes the torque converter was able to operate right down to 1000 revs. In addition Toyota also increased the fuel cut duration during deceleration that further increases fuel economy.
The Toyota Optimal Drive D-4D engines can be specified with a 6-speed manual transmission that delivers smooth, quick and precise gear changes. The gearbox's construction is not only robust, but also exceptionally compact; at a mere 384mm in length beating other six-speed transmissions of identical or even inferior torque capacity.
The 6-speed transmission adopts the lowest viscosity oil available today for manual transmissions, which helps keeping CO2 emissions and fuel consumption at a low level.
This transmission was developed to offer a very wide gear range ratio, which is made possible with a 6-speed configuration and the adoption of a different length between the input shaft and each of the output shafts.
The precise and flexible responses of the new Avensis are built on strong foundations: a new, precision-welded platform of extraordinary rigidity and a car body with excellent aerodynamics. Key to the car's handling, this new platform also contributes greatly to its safety and quiet running. The use of high tensile steels accounts for much of the constituent steel body components. This helps to reduce weight, increase rigidity and ensure class-leading collision safety.
The main focus of Toyota's suspension and chassis engineers on the new Avensis went into creating a car that is not only dynamic and fun to drive, but one that is smooth and relaxing to drive on long journeys.
The Toyota engineers aimed at developing a car with highly competitive handling characteristics, but also one offering a very high comfort level.
For chassis development the Chief Engineer chose four keywords in the development process. With the input from extensive test driving on closed circuits and on normal roads, Toyota engineers spent three years developing and honing the new Avensis.
Stability: For straight-line stability, Toyota has aimed to offer the most relaxing drive possible. Drivers will notice this most on motorways where minimum steering input is needed. On snowy roads straight-line stability characteristics are even more apparent and this is why Toyota tested extensively in Northern Europe. However, as well as making the car very agile whilst responding quickly to steering input, the car had to be stable enough to handle the agility.
Agility: To achieve agility, the new Avensis had to respond quickly to steering input. Here, Toyota engineers focused on achieving maximum yaw rate with minimum delay after steering input, and making sure this yaw rate quickly transforms into a lateral acceleration of the car. The front MacPherson strut suspension and rear double wishbone suspension were given an improved layout. For example, great efforts have been put into optimising the front stabiliser layout for increased roll rigidity to generate fast yet controlled agility.
MacPherson strut suspension has been changed from a single path structure to a dual path and new shock absorbers were added. This has led to reduction of rubber hardness, which greatly improves the ride comfort via less noise and vibration levels.
Rear suspension was given increased longitudinal compliance to reduce harshness. The upper support material is of a high damping rubber to reduce noise and vibration levels and a soft type suspension member mounting to the body structure is adopted.
Steering feeling: The advanced and precise Electric Power Steering system is extremely quick to react and does not show any fatigue tendencies that can occur with hydraulic systems. This is best shown in situations where drivers need to do quick and sharp continuous turns from one direction to another. The uncomfortable steering kick-back which is especially apparent while driving over potholes in sharp cornering is effectively reduced, but with a strong focus on still maintaining the steering feel. The delay timing from steering input until noticeable effect is also greatly improved.
A new ECU logic has been adopted and the intermediate shaft is of a high rigidity telescopic type to further improve the steering feeling. To improve steering and to supply natural steering feeling, two special features are included in the power steering system: active return control and yaw rate feedback control. The active return control helps to regain straight-line direction after a low speed cornering by adding a returning torque to the steering wheel. The yaw rate feedback control estimates the yaw rate in a high speed cornering and adds a torque to reduce the movement.
Riding in the third generation Avensis is very quiet. To help reduce wind noise the car has excellent aerodynamics, with a very low drag coefficient of just 0.28 and 0.29 respectively for the sedan and the wagon body type. This is the result of many hours of computer time and extensive real life wind tunnel testing – and the most extreme attention to detail. The bodywork of the new Avensis offers little air resistance, a situation that is enhanced by exceptionally narrow gaps between panels and minimal protrusions.
The third generation Avensis spent numerous hours in the wind tunnel for aerodynamic refinement and noise reduction measures. In order to achieve such aerodynamic performance, engineers used a special Toyota methodology whereby underfloor drag characteristics can be isolated from those of the whole car and studied separately. This helps them develop the smoothest, flattest possible surface so that even at very high speeds the car continues to generate remarkably little wind noise, and is also stable to drive.
The engine is usually the largest source of noise and vibration. For this reason, extraordinary care has been taken to ensure that the engines transmit minimal noise and vibration to the cabin. In particular, the Toyota engineers focused on minimising engine friction, enhancing rotational balance and developing an innovative sound absorption bulkhead between the engine and cabin. Specially insulated carpets and foam mats also improve the peaceful ride in the new Avensis.
Every effort has been made to prevent sound entering the Avensis. Special sound insulating materials, including high-specification laminated glass and foam injected into the body shell surround the cabin. Wind noise is inhibited by the meticulous design of many details including external bodywork seals, a hidden frame on the doors, weather strips and door and window frame mouldings. To further minimise road noise the Avensis is fitted with sound absorbing rear wheel arch liners and sound silencers in the boot.
Nothing is so good that it cannot be made better. That Toyota engineers strive for constant improvement in everything they do is not a motto or a mission statement that hangs on the wall and gets forgotten about. It is simply the way things are done. Toyota has a word for it: 'kaizen'. It means 'continuous improvement' in Japanese and it is the key principle that guides in the pursuit of superior quality. This is how to achieve the Toyota built-in quality.
The commitment to quality results in real benefits – benefits that enhance the quality feel of the new Avensis. Quality is also evident through the outstanding results the second generation Avensis did achieve in for example the Euro NCAP safety test. Most importantly, the new Avensis has been developed to give the best possible ownership experience, from the day it leaves the production line to the end of its lifecycle.
With a built-in quality feel, the new Avensis wants to deliver a feeling of complete confidence. Confidence that comes from knowing that the car is designed and engineered with the very highest standards of quality and reliability in mind.
Toyota's decision to establish a manufacturing operation in Europe was announced in 1989 and Toyota Manufacturing UK (TMUK) was established in December that year.
There are two manufacturing plants in the UK representing a total investment in excess of £1.85 billion and currently 4600 members are employed. The vehicle manufacturing plant is located at Burnaston in Derbyshire, the engine manufacturing plant is located at Deeside in North Wales.
The first car, a Carina E, drove off the Burnaston production line on 16 December 1992. The Avensis replaced the Carina E in 1997 and in 2003 the second generation Avensis was launched. In 1998 a second model, the Corolla, was introduced and in 2001 a new generation Corolla was launched. In 2007 production of Auris, the new Toyota hatchback, started. The processes at Burnaston include stamping, welding, painting, plastic mouldings and assembly and at Deeside machining, assembly and aluminium casting.
From a global viewpoint, Toyota's philosophy is to localise production so as to provide customers with the products they need where they need them. TMUK's role is to support that philosophy and to manufacture vehicles for the European market.
To ensure that vehicles manufactured in the UK maintain Toyota's world-wide reputation for quality, the renowned 'Toyota Production System' (TPS) is employed. Based on the key principles of Standardisation, Just-in-Time and Kaizen, the system allows for production to be achieved in a continuous flow to meet customer demand whenever and wherever that may be. TPS incorporates the ability, through process design, to build in quality at every stage.
Total quality control is carried out using two basic principles: building in quality at every stage and continually improving quality standards in order to achieve total quality and delight the customer. To achieve total quality control TMUK uses standardised work together with visual control to clearly indicate the current status and make it very easy to spot problems. Each member is responsible for the quality of their work and aims never to pass on poor quality to the next stage. If anything unusual is noticed, the member can stop the process. Rigorous scrutiny of key features and functions of each vehicle helps to confirm both the quality of the vehicle and the stability of the production process.
"Since it was founded over seventy years ago, the Toyota Motor Company has conducted its business based on the guiding principle of contributing to the development of a prosperous society through the manufacture of automobiles. However, now Toyota must seek to combine the power of people and technology to help create a society that maintains a balance between corporate activities and environmental preservation," explained Toyota President Katsuaki Watanabe, speaking at the 2008 Toyota Environmental Forum in Tokyo.
In 2007, Toyota announced that it would pursue sustainability in different areas as a part of efforts to contribute to the continued development of society and the earth in the future.
Retrieve energy (eg. exhaust gases reheat other production processes).
Avensis has always been one of the safest cars in its segment with a five star EuroNCAP rating from its original test, back in 2003. Recent real-life accident analysis has also proven that Avensis is one of the safest cars on the road today (rated 2007's safest car in Swedish insurance company Folksam's yearly rating of real-life accidents). With this in mind, Chief Engineer Yamamoto has had no other objective than to design this third generation Avensis for top class safety performance once again. The new Avensis will further build on this achievement with the aim at reaching the 5-star rating under the even more stringent Euro NCAP rating planned for 2009.
In the early development phase of the new Avensis, a major requirement was to once again present a car with an advanced safety level. When designing a top class safety level Toyota engineers looked at every detail. For instance, the bonnet has to be designed in a way that minimise the injuries for a pedestrian if an accident would occur. And the new generation Avensis' bonnet is constructed with crushable bumpers that easily collapse in an impact to better absorb the force. To be able to prevent accidents, visibility is of great importance. The A-pillar base has been reduced in size to further improve visibility, but with strength still maintained.
The new Avensis features the latest-generation Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD), which come as standard on all models. Brake Assist (BA) works together with ABS and EBD to provide further braking force in case of emergency braking conditions.
Steering assist Vehicle Stability Control (VSC+) has been newly adopted. The basic function of this system, together with the Traction Control (TRC), boosts safety and traction under low adherence conditions such as rain, snow or gravel. Added to this, the VSC+ increases the protection normally given by VSC during sudden handling changes or slippery roads, by adding a steering torque assist that counteracts yaw movement when the vehicle understeers or oversteers in reaction to an emergency. Practically this means that in an extreme situation, the driver may sense some torque movement on the steering wheel in a given direction to compensate the under- /oversteer and so can further enhance the adjustment made by the VSC itself.
The new Avensis is equipped with seven airbags, including a driver's knee airbag, front airbags for the driver and front passenger, two front side airbags and side curtain shield airbags front and rear.
Active front seat headrests are introduced to reduce whiplash injuries in rear end collisions. These headrests are operated automatically should a vehicle run into the back of the new Avensis with sufficient speed. The system causes the headrests to move forward and upwards to support the driver's and passenger's heads.
The impact absorbing body has been further improved. The idea of this construction is to effectively protect the passengers through creating a cabin that is strong enough to minimise the intrusion should an accident occur. At the same time, to absorb the crash force, the construction has to collapse in a controlled way. Both brake and clutch pedals also retract to avoid driver's injuries in case of an accident.
For additional reassurance, ISOFIX child seat fittings in the rear seat come as standard in all models of the new Avensis. The Child Restraint System (CRS) is equipped with a top tether to help prevent the child seat from tipping forward in the event of an impact.
The new Avensis' active and passive safety levels are brought to a higher level thanks to new high-tech safety features.
Together with the optional High-Intensity Discharge (HID) bi-xenon headlamps, comes the Adaptive Front-light System (AFS). By measuring the speed of the vehicle and steering wheel rotation, it predicts which area in front of the vehicle it has to light and adjusts headlamps in accordance, for instance as the car corners in the dark. To compensate for heavy load at the rear of the car, it automatically lowers the angle of the beam before starting. It also compensates for heavy braking and acceleration by dynamically adjusting the headlamp angle.