text:
Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly: processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules
Jie Feng, Yingyue Zhang, Simon A. McManus, Rolane Qian, Kurt D. Ristroph, Hanu Ramachandruni, Kai Gong, Claire Emily White, Aditya Rawal, Robert Krafft Prud'homme
Andlinger Center for Energy & the Environment
Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering
Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials
Chemical & Biological Engineering
Princeton Entrepreneurship Council
More than 40% of newly developed drug molecules are highly hydrophobic and, thus, suffer from low bioavailability. Kinetically trapping the drug as a nanoparticle in an amorphous state enhances solubility. However, enhanced solubility can be compromised by subsequent recrystallization from the amorphous state during drying processes. We combine Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to generate nanoparticles with spray-drying to produce stable solid powders. We demonstrate that the continuous nanofabrication platform for nanoparticle synthesis and recovery does not compromise the dissolution kinetics of the drug. Lumefantrine, an anti-malaria drug, is highly hydrophobic with low bioavailability. Increasing the bioavailability of lumefantrine has the potential to reduce the dose and number of required administrations per treatment, thus reducing cost and increasing patient compliance. The low melting temperature of lumefantrine (Tm = 130 °C) makes the drying of amorphous nanoparticles at elevated temperatures potentially problematic. Via FNP, we produced 200-400 nm nanoparticles using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), lecithin phospholipid, and zein protein stabilizers. Zein nanoparticles were spray-dried at 100 °C and 120 °C to study the effect of the drying temperature. For zein powders, at two hours the dissolution kinetics under fasted conditions reached 85% release for the 100 °C sample, but only 60% release for the 120 °C sample. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance indicate that the lumefantrine in the nanoparticle core is amorphous for samples spray-dried at 100 °C. Dissolution under fed state conditions showed similar release kinetics for both temperatures, with 90-95% release at two hours. Zein and HPMCAS nanoparticles spray-dried at 100 °C showed release profiles in fasted and fed state media that are identical to those of lyophilized samples, i.e. those dried at cryogenic conditions where no transformation to the crystalline state can occur. Thus, spray drying 30 °C below the melting transition of lumefantrine is sufficient to maintain the amorphous state. These inexpensive formulations have potential to be developed into future therapies for malaria, and the results also highlight the potential of combining FNP and spray-drying as a versatile platform to assemble and rapidly recover amorphous nanoparticles in a solid dosage form.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM02418A
10.1039/C8SM02418A
Dive into the research topics of 'Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly: processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Lumefantrine Chemical Compounds 100%
self assembly Physics & Astronomy 92%
Amorphous Material Chemical Compounds 61%
drying Physics & Astronomy 58%
bioavailability Physics & Astronomy 47%
molecules Physics & Astronomy 47%
Feng, J., Zhang, Y., McManus, S. A., Qian, R., Ristroph, K. D., Ramachandruni, H., Gong, K., White, C. E., Rawal, A., & Prud'homme, R. K. (2019). Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly: processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules. Soft matter, 15(11), 2400-2410. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM02418A
Feng, Jie ; Zhang, Yingyue ; McManus, Simon A. ; Qian, Rolane ; Ristroph, Kurt D. ; Ramachandruni, Hanu ; Gong, Kai ; White, Claire Emily ; Rawal, Aditya ; Prud'homme, Robert Krafft. / Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly : processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules. In: Soft matter. 2019 ; Vol. 15, No. 11. pp. 2400-2410.
@article{cb20be936cb44b2b938d176d0d65ec60,
title = "Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly: processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules",
abstract = "More than 40% of newly developed drug molecules are highly hydrophobic and, thus, suffer from low bioavailability. Kinetically trapping the drug as a nanoparticle in an amorphous state enhances solubility. However, enhanced solubility can be compromised by subsequent recrystallization from the amorphous state during drying processes. We combine Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to generate nanoparticles with spray-drying to produce stable solid powders. We demonstrate that the continuous nanofabrication platform for nanoparticle synthesis and recovery does not compromise the dissolution kinetics of the drug. Lumefantrine, an anti-malaria drug, is highly hydrophobic with low bioavailability. Increasing the bioavailability of lumefantrine has the potential to reduce the dose and number of required administrations per treatment, thus reducing cost and increasing patient compliance. The low melting temperature of lumefantrine (Tm = 130 °C) makes the drying of amorphous nanoparticles at elevated temperatures potentially problematic. Via FNP, we produced 200-400 nm nanoparticles using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), lecithin phospholipid, and zein protein stabilizers. Zein nanoparticles were spray-dried at 100 °C and 120 °C to study the effect of the drying temperature. For zein powders, at two hours the dissolution kinetics under fasted conditions reached 85% release for the 100 °C sample, but only 60% release for the 120 °C sample. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance indicate that the lumefantrine in the nanoparticle core is amorphous for samples spray-dried at 100 °C. Dissolution under fed state conditions showed similar release kinetics for both temperatures, with 90-95% release at two hours. Zein and HPMCAS nanoparticles spray-dried at 100 °C showed release profiles in fasted and fed state media that are identical to those of lyophilized samples, i.e. those dried at cryogenic conditions where no transformation to the crystalline state can occur. Thus, spray drying 30 °C below the melting transition of lumefantrine is sufficient to maintain the amorphous state. These inexpensive formulations have potential to be developed into future therapies for malaria, and the results also highlight the potential of combining FNP and spray-drying as a versatile platform to assemble and rapidly recover amorphous nanoparticles in a solid dosage form.",
author = "Jie Feng and Yingyue Zhang and McManus, {Simon A.} and Rolane Qian and Ristroph, {Kurt D.} and Hanu Ramachandruni and Kai Gong and White, {Claire Emily} and Aditya Rawal and Prud'homme, {Robert Krafft}",
note = "Funding Information: The work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF, OPP1150755) and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1656466) awarded to K. D. R. The authors thank Dr Niya Bowers, Dr Pius Tse, and Dr Chih-Duen Tse for intellectual discussion. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Royal Society of Chemistry.",
doi = "10.1039/C8SM02418A",
journal = "Soft Matter",
Feng, J, Zhang, Y, McManus, SA, Qian, R, Ristroph, KD, Ramachandruni, H, Gong, K, White, CE, Rawal, A & Prud'homme, RK 2019, 'Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly: processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules', Soft matter, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 2400-2410. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM02418A
Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly : processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules. / Feng, Jie; Zhang, Yingyue; McManus, Simon A.; Qian, Rolane; Ristroph, Kurt D.; Ramachandruni, Hanu; Gong, Kai; White, Claire Emily; Rawal, Aditya; Prud'homme, Robert Krafft.
In: Soft matter, Vol. 15, No. 11, 2019, p. 2400-2410.
T1 - Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly
T2 - processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules
AU - Feng, Jie
AU - Zhang, Yingyue
AU - McManus, Simon A.
AU - Qian, Rolane
AU - Ristroph, Kurt D.
AU - Ramachandruni, Hanu
AU - Gong, Kai
AU - White, Claire Emily
AU - Rawal, Aditya
AU - Prud'homme, Robert Krafft
N1 - Funding Information: The work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF, OPP1150755) and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1656466) awarded to K. D. R. The authors thank Dr Niya Bowers, Dr Pius Tse, and Dr Chih-Duen Tse for intellectual discussion. Publisher Copyright: © The Royal Society of Chemistry.
N2 - More than 40% of newly developed drug molecules are highly hydrophobic and, thus, suffer from low bioavailability. Kinetically trapping the drug as a nanoparticle in an amorphous state enhances solubility. However, enhanced solubility can be compromised by subsequent recrystallization from the amorphous state during drying processes. We combine Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to generate nanoparticles with spray-drying to produce stable solid powders. We demonstrate that the continuous nanofabrication platform for nanoparticle synthesis and recovery does not compromise the dissolution kinetics of the drug. Lumefantrine, an anti-malaria drug, is highly hydrophobic with low bioavailability. Increasing the bioavailability of lumefantrine has the potential to reduce the dose and number of required administrations per treatment, thus reducing cost and increasing patient compliance. The low melting temperature of lumefantrine (Tm = 130 °C) makes the drying of amorphous nanoparticles at elevated temperatures potentially problematic. Via FNP, we produced 200-400 nm nanoparticles using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), lecithin phospholipid, and zein protein stabilizers. Zein nanoparticles were spray-dried at 100 °C and 120 °C to study the effect of the drying temperature. For zein powders, at two hours the dissolution kinetics under fasted conditions reached 85% release for the 100 °C sample, but only 60% release for the 120 °C sample. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance indicate that the lumefantrine in the nanoparticle core is amorphous for samples spray-dried at 100 °C. Dissolution under fed state conditions showed similar release kinetics for both temperatures, with 90-95% release at two hours. Zein and HPMCAS nanoparticles spray-dried at 100 °C showed release profiles in fasted and fed state media that are identical to those of lyophilized samples, i.e. those dried at cryogenic conditions where no transformation to the crystalline state can occur. Thus, spray drying 30 °C below the melting transition of lumefantrine is sufficient to maintain the amorphous state. These inexpensive formulations have potential to be developed into future therapies for malaria, and the results also highlight the potential of combining FNP and spray-drying as a versatile platform to assemble and rapidly recover amorphous nanoparticles in a solid dosage form.
AB - More than 40% of newly developed drug molecules are highly hydrophobic and, thus, suffer from low bioavailability. Kinetically trapping the drug as a nanoparticle in an amorphous state enhances solubility. However, enhanced solubility can be compromised by subsequent recrystallization from the amorphous state during drying processes. We combine Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to generate nanoparticles with spray-drying to produce stable solid powders. We demonstrate that the continuous nanofabrication platform for nanoparticle synthesis and recovery does not compromise the dissolution kinetics of the drug. Lumefantrine, an anti-malaria drug, is highly hydrophobic with low bioavailability. Increasing the bioavailability of lumefantrine has the potential to reduce the dose and number of required administrations per treatment, thus reducing cost and increasing patient compliance. The low melting temperature of lumefantrine (Tm = 130 °C) makes the drying of amorphous nanoparticles at elevated temperatures potentially problematic. Via FNP, we produced 200-400 nm nanoparticles using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), lecithin phospholipid, and zein protein stabilizers. Zein nanoparticles were spray-dried at 100 °C and 120 °C to study the effect of the drying temperature. For zein powders, at two hours the dissolution kinetics under fasted conditions reached 85% release for the 100 °C sample, but only 60% release for the 120 °C sample. Powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance indicate that the lumefantrine in the nanoparticle core is amorphous for samples spray-dried at 100 °C. Dissolution under fed state conditions showed similar release kinetics for both temperatures, with 90-95% release at two hours. Zein and HPMCAS nanoparticles spray-dried at 100 °C showed release profiles in fasted and fed state media that are identical to those of lyophilized samples, i.e. those dried at cryogenic conditions where no transformation to the crystalline state can occur. Thus, spray drying 30 °C below the melting transition of lumefantrine is sufficient to maintain the amorphous state. These inexpensive formulations have potential to be developed into future therapies for malaria, and the results also highlight the potential of combining FNP and spray-drying as a versatile platform to assemble and rapidly recover amorphous nanoparticles in a solid dosage form.
U2 - 10.1039/C8SM02418A
DO - 10.1039/C8SM02418A
JO - Soft Matter
JF - Soft Matter
Feng J, Zhang Y, McManus SA, Qian R, Ristroph KD, Ramachandruni H et al. Amorphous nanoparticles by self-assembly: processing for controlled release of hydrophobic molecules. Soft matter. 2019;15(11):2400-2410. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SM02418A


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The FIA Formula E World Cup electric car racing series has been up to a lot of actions, which I've not kept up with. The most recent is that the FIA has approved their 2014 proposed schedule, and before that they approved several teams and a media partner.
An asterisk at the bottom of the press release says that all tracks remain subject to "FIA Track Homologation." Meaning, that the schedule could change again if one of the cities aren't able to construct a track that satisfies the FIA.
TV Asahi acquires Japanese broadcasting rights for Formula E: The Japanese broadcast network will have broadcasting rights in Japan, joining FOX Sports as confirmed broadcasters.
SRT_01E makes Asian debut at Tokyo Motor Show: "I am very excited to be a part of the Driver's Programme for the development of the Formula E cars," said Japanese former Formula One driver Takuma Sato who will be one of several top drivers used to help develop the SRT_01E. "This series provides a huge potential for the future of motor racing and electric cars.
EY report forecasts Formula E to contribute to significant sales increase in EVs: We certainly hope this is true: "the new zero emission race series will help contribute to the additional sale of 77 million Electric Vehicles (EV) worldwide over the next 25 years (2015–2040)." Somehow they think the series will contribute to removing barriers to the EV market: pricing and technology. Juan Costa Climent, EY Global Climate Change & Sustainability Services Leader, commented: "EY has undertaken rigorous analysis into the state of the global electric vehicle market, the challenges it faces, and the opportunities the technology can bring in terms of cost savings and environmental benefits. Our research has shown the huge potential that Formula E has to accelerate not only the technology, but also to breakdown many of the misconceptions around electric vehicles. With an estimated 77 million more electric vehicles on the road by 2040, as a result of Formula E together with all its stakeholders, today's unveiling of the latest racing car technology is the first step in an exciting journey for the industry."
Super Aguri joins FIA Formula E Championship as sixth team: This Japanese team is associated with Suzuki and has a lot of experience in Formula One racing. "Today is a new chapter for the Super Aguri name and I'm proud that our team will represent Japan in the inaugural Formula E series," said Aguri Suzuki, Executive Chairman of Super Aguri Formula E. "Zero emissions racing is a progressive concept for the motorsport industry, and after more than 40 years as both a driver and team owner, I see Formula E as a great stride towards the future. Japan has always been at the forefront of cutting-edge innovation and technology and our participation in the series will enable us to promote and develop electric vehicle technology not just in our region, but also on a global scale."


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Indian Oil books 60% of Adani's LNG terminal capacity at Dhamra
2018-04-16 2018-04-16 | Trisha Thomas
Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone said it signed a long term agreement with Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) to provide Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) regasification services on a use-or-pay basis at its upcoming LNG import terminal at Dhamra in Odisha.
As per the contract, IOC has booked 3 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) regasification capacity for 20 years, which represents 60% of the total initial capacity of the terminal.
The project can eventually double its capacity to 10 MTPA, Adani PSEZ said. The terminal is expected to be commissioned during the second half of 2021, it added.
IOC plans to supply the gas to its refineries in Paradip in Odisha and Haldia in West Bengal, the infrastructure company said.
CEO of the company Karan Adani said the Dhamra LNG port will play a key enabling role for increasing gas consumption in Eastern India.
"In fact, the terminal will play a strategic role in gas supply to Bangladesh and Myanmar as well," he said.
The foundation stone of the LNG project was laid on July'17 and construction by Larsen & Toubro, a leading infrastructure firm, has commenced, the company said.
L&T had won the contract to set up the tankages for gas storage.
Initially, the terminal will have two full containment type tanks of 180,000 cubic meter capacity each.
"It will be first of its kind in India and second LNG terminal on the east coast after IOC's Ennore terminal in Tamilnadu," the company said.
The port will be able to handle even the largest vessels, such as the Q-max fleet from Qatar, the company said.
The terminal will be capable of reloading LNG to service proximate markets via the marine route and will also have truck loading gantries to help grow the nascent but exciting LNG by truck market, it added.
Adani Group is one of India's largest integrated infrastructure conglomerates with interests in coal mining and trading, ports, logistics, shipping, railways, renewable and thermal power generation and agricultural industries.
The group owns and operates one of the world's largest solar power plants in Tamil Nadu, India. It plans to produce 10,000 MW of renewable energy by 2022.
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Reliance Industries says no plans to enter 'contract farming' Reliance Industries, India's largest private company, today rebutted rumors that the company has purchased agricultural lands on a large scale…
NPCIL orders BHEL equipment for local-tech nuclear plants As part of a plan to double India's nuclear power capacity by setting up 10 nuclear plants using indigenous technology,…
Apple-supplier Wistron starts expanding India plant Taiwan-based contract manufacturer Wistron Infocomm has started carrying out a significant expansion of its existing facility in Kolar near Bangalore…
Laurus Labs buys Bangalore-based biotech firm Richcore for Rs 247 cr Richcore CEO Subramani Ramachandrappa | Source: Richcore Lifesciences Indian drugmaker Laurus Labs said it signed a definitive agreement to acquire…
Hindalco to build 3rd aluminium extrusions plant at Silvassa Hindalco Industries Limited, the Aditya Birla Group metals flagship, said it intends to set up a 34,000-tonne aluminium extrusion plant…
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One-third of Airtel users on VoLTE network - Nokia Global telecom equipment provider Nokia today said its VoLTE service on Bharti Airtel's Indian mobile network now supports 110 million…
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L&T Tech certified to Alexa-enable devices Lynx: An Alexa-enabled robot L&T Technology Services has been certified by Amazon to put Alexa voice technology into all kinds…
Strong demand for fiber broadband powers HFCL Q3 HFCL saw strong increase in revenue, but also purchases HFCL, one of India's oldest telecom equipment and services companies, reported…
Reliance Jio calls out "grossly inflated" 5G spectrum price A 5G base station from Ericsson Displaying a united front against high 5G spectrum prices, India's top wireless operator Reliance…
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In the newspapers daily we see articles and quotes from political analysts, current and previous office holders and columnists, talking about what President Reagan will have to do or say to regain credibility. They refer to this as his biggest challenge, that he'll have to "take charge" or come away with an arms control agreement (even a watered-down one). These utterances sound much like sports writers' lingo when writing about a coach having to win the big game Saturday to save his job.
Is the electorate really this gullible? Now that he has been revealed as a fake, do they think with one quick action we'll forget about (a) his 1981 tax break for the rich, (b) his monstrous deficts as a result of the tax breaks, (c) the escalation of the arms race, (d) the appointment to Cabinet and staff positions those people of very questionable ethics and finally (e) the massacre of 241 U.S. Marines, blown up by the terrorists we sold weapons to?


Wesley Matthews Elementary is a school in which every adult who works with students has the highest expectations for the students and the belief that each and every child can and will realize his or her potential. Staff members will endeavor to make each child feel safe, secure, and special by providing the most nurturing environment possible. The end result will be that at Wesley Matthews Elementary School, no child will be left behind.


text:
My articles for SIPA's official website
As a graduate student of International Affairs at Columbia University, I was awarded a Program Assistantship at the SIPA Office of Communications, which helped me cover my tuition bills. As part of the assistantship, I covered events at SIPA — from talks given by professors to papers presented by students and distinguished guests. I also helped structure the school's social media and communication strategy. Here are some clips of the work I did as a PA:
Students Draw a Crowd for Discussion of Research Trip to North Korea
Six days with no cellphones or passports; little conversation lest they be overheard; an apparent lack of any poverty in the capital city; souvenir stores that had no foreign currency; the incongruity of thrilling rides at an amusement park in a country where some cars run on charcoal; the unexpected sight of young people holding hands. A team of 15 SIPA students led by Professor Elisabeth Lindenmayer came away from North Korea with insights into the logic behind the seemingly illogical.
Guéhenno Discusses Challenges of Syria Crisis
Jean-Marie Guéhenno knew he faced a challenge when his former boss at the UN, Kofi Annan, asked him to be the deputy joint special envoy of the UN and the Arab League for Syria.
"I felt a bit like an oncologist who cannot say 'I only deal with the easy cancers,'" said Guéhenno, who is the director of the Center for International Conflict Resolution and the Arnold A. Saltzman Professor of Professional Practice at SIPA. "But you don't pick and choose. Even if you know the odds are very low, you have got to try."
Helping Journalists in Africa Who Cover Extractive Sector
In early 2008, IMAC director Anya Schiffrin began working with SIPA students on a project to help journalists who cover the extractive sector in Africa, and she remains interested in the topic more than five years later. In the last year, Schiffrin made presentations at both the World Bank Institute and at SIPA, drawing in each case on a pair of student research projects — part of a body of work dating back to the project's inception. The research has also had a lasting impact on some of the students who took part.
Why Growth Matters
In a new book, the frequent collaborators Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya — preeminent experts on India's economy — argue that economic growth is the only reliable development strategy for addressing widespread poverty in India, Southeast Asia, Africa, and elsewhere.
UNSP Celebrates International Women's Day
A recent panel featured female UN leaders who discussed progress made by and for women at the United Nations, and challenges that remain.
Richard Reiter MIA '85 Looks Back on 2012-13 Davis Fellowship
Richard Reiter MIA'85, the recipient of the 2012-2013 Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Foreign Service Fellowship at SIPA, has recently been appointed to Vice President Joe Biden's national security team. Much of his focus will be on U.S. policy toward Afghanistan and Pakistan as the drawdown of U.S. forces in 2014 approaches.
Reiter, who speaks Croatian, Portuguese and Spanish, joined the State Department in 1992 and has served in Brazil, Canada, Croatia, Afghanistan, Portugal, and Belgium. Most recently, he did a second tour in Afghanistan as chief of staff to the U.S. senior civilian representative in the eastern part of the country. Before joining the State Department, Reiter was a school teacher in Honduras and served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Jamaica. He spoke with SIPA News about his experience as Davis Foreign Service Fellow and what he gained from SIPA.
Fiction Offers Insight into Wartime Service
Ted Janis MIA '13 drew on his experience in Afghanistan when he contributed to a new anthology of fiction by veterans. Here he talks about his years in the military, writing, and attending SIPA.
Posted in Digital Work	| Tagged Araud, Guéhenno, North Korea, SIPA, Syria | Leave a comment |
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Why does a midwife with 3 daughters care about infant male circumcision?
Adventures in low supply, PPD, & Triumph.
"My Proudest Accomplishment" A Story of adoptive breastfeeding.
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The Committee continued deliberations from Clause12 and completed Clause16.
Mr Momoniat said that Clause 12(1) was in line with the PFMA to develop a framework for cash management and investment. Municipalities still at times put spare cash that can amount to tens of millions into risky investments. The primary objective of the Clause is to preserve the capital. Clause 12(2) just follows on from this.
The idea behind Subclause(3) is that banks must report on all municipal accounts that they have opened. It is important to know what is happening with the bank accounts of municipalities. Treasury will however have to look at this Clause when the banking provisions in part one of the chapter is looked at.
Subclause(4) tries to capture the other side of the coin whereby institutions which municipalities have invested with are obliged to report to National Treasury.
An issue was raised when the PFMA was debated that provisions like these are contrary to bank/client confidentiality. Mr Momoniat submitted that because municipalities hold public funds the confidentiality argument falls away.
Ms Borman (DP) asked how practical Subclause(4) was. How would a bank know that this is the rule, especially in the rural areas?
Mr Pillay replied that this provision had been workshopped with the banking sector and they are happy with the clause. He said that it would be up to the head office to notify branches of the requirement. The banking sector never raised this as a serious concern and understood the context thereof.
Ms Hogan commented that in their submission the Banking Council did not raise this issue so they should be happy with it.
Ms Taljaard was concerned about the confidentiality aspect of the obligation.
Ms Hogan replied that the institution is only obliged to report when the account is opened.
Mr Momoniat added that Treasury is looking towards moving in a direction where banks must report monthly especially on overdrafts.
Ms Hogan was concerned that such a move might be too onerous but it would be in regulation and the banking sector would be consulted.
Mr Momoniat commented that he did not know what Ms Taljaard meant by confidentiality in the public service. If a municipality is concealing that they are running a huge overdraft there is no problem if Treasury would like to know something like this.
Mr Kompela (ANC) felt that there must be confidentiality because it seems that anybody can get information on the bank accounts.
Mr Mnguni (ANC) agreed with Treasury that public funds are involved and transparency is needed. For this reason it must be clear that Treasury can investigate to detect any dangerous situations.
Ms Hogan, commenting on Mr Kompela's view, said that National government took the policy decision that it would not guarantee loans of other spheres of government. Banks became reckless and provided excessive credit to municipalities believing that national government would not allow a sphere of government to collapse. However, it came as a shock to the system when they were not bailed out. If there is no such safeguards then capping the budget would mean nothing because municipalities would just borrow more money.
Ms Fubes (ANC) said that she agreed with the clause because it was impossible not to regulate this kind of thing. It is government's duty to safeguard that national fiscus.
Ms Hogan referred to Clause12 (3)(b), which states that banks must disclose information when requested. It is not that banks must report all the time.
Mr Momoniat replied that it was the same as Clause 7(5) of the PFMA. He suggested that the reference to provincial treasury is taken out, i.e. banks should not have to report to them as well. It would be better to have one body dealing with the banks to keep costs down. The Kwazulu Natal Province submitted that Treasury must notify the relevant departments once they have the information but Mr Momoniat submitted that this was not necessary because Treasury will provide the information to all relevant Departments for them to perform their oversight role.
A Member (ANC) thought taking out the reference to provincial treasury was problematic because then goodwill would be relied on to pass the information to them. In the future there might be other persons in Treasury who could not act in good faith.
Ms Hogan suggested that there should be a provision that obliges Treasury to pass on the information to provinces.
Ms Hogan asked what institutions are referred to in sub (4).
Mr Pillay replied that there are many small investment companies with dubious schemes that municipalities invest in and get burned. These are the types of institutions that are referred to.
Mr Momoniat added that when a municipality invests it must be low risk to ensure that the capital is preserved. Municipalities used to invest in property like a new shopping mall. It would not take off and they would loose out. Sometimes the investment is not even in within the boundaries of the municipality making the investment. The Clause is a mechanism to get the information from the institutions, sometimes it might not even be known that the investment is unlawful.
Mr Glaasen (Consultant - Treasury) advised that there are Municipal Finance Management regulations that deal with investments and more particularly what is prohibited.
Mr Carrim added that the sub 4(b) also needs to be changed in line with the discussion about sub 3(b) in that the information must be passed to provinces.
Mr Pillay told the Committee that assets are purchased with public funds. The Clause is trying to empower municipalities to take decisions to protect assets from irregular disposal. The assets that are protected are the minimum essential assets so that municipalities can continue to provide key services. Should it be decided to dispose of an asset the process in Clause13 must be followed and it must be ensured that the sale of the asset does not undermine service delivery. The requirement that the sale of an asset must be at fair market value is to protect public funds that paid for the asset.
Mr Glaasen added that assets that provide a minimum essential service cannot be disposed of. Ultimately if it is used for this purpose the council must control the asset and it cannot be sold without the councils knowledge.
Mr Moloto (ANC) felt that there is not a sufficient definition of minimum essential service.
Treasury said that there was a definition in Clause1.
Ms Lobe (ANC) said that it was not the same as the one in the Systems Act and it must be aligned to the definition in that Act.
"a municipal service that is necessary to ensure an acceptable and reasonable quality of life and, if provided, would endanger public health or safety or the environment".
"a service, which, if not provided, would pose a threat to public health or safety".
Ms Hogan felt that the two definitions were different concepts. The definition in the Systems Act referred to quality of life and the environment thus was much broader. She used the example of the Breede River matter. Where people use the area as recreation but the municipality wants to sell off the area so that it can generate income. She said that the sale of this asset is not a danger to public health and safety.
Ms Lobe reiterated that there is no difference between the two definitions and that the same language needs to be used.
Mr Carrim said that his committee had debated this issue at length and it was felt that the definition of minimum essential service should be provided by the executive. He suggested that the committee report should comment on the need for the executive to come up with the definition.
Ms Hogan agreed and said that if the definition of the Systems Act is used it will not broaden the scope of the Bill.
Ms Taljaard said that if there is no consistency and since the MFM Bill seeks supremacy over other pieces of legislation then there is a danger that service agreement provisions under the Systems Act could fall away.
Mr Momoniat explained that Treasury went for a minimalist approach so that municipalities have autonomy in deciding on PPPs.
Mr Glaasen referred to Clause 27 that deals with security for debt and said that financial institutions were concerned that if a wide definition is used then assets which they could hold as security could be subject to any type of challenge in court when it is time to foreclose. Any type of asset could arguably fall under 'quality of life'.
Ms Mahlangu felt that recreational facilities are important and municipalities should not be allowed to simply sell it because it will not pose a threat to public health and safety.
M Lobe commented that S 8(1) of the Systems Act allows municipalities to dispose of assets for service delivery agreements and the MFM Bill was therefore contradictory.
Mr Carrim added that local government is desperate to get PPP's and suggested that the definition of essential service should be in line with the Bill of Rights. He said that his committee had instructed the drafters of the Systems Act to do this and there were extensive negotiations around the definition. He felt it was important to see where government is going because the local government manifesto of the majority party is more in line with the Systems Act than the MFM Bill.
Ms Hogan asked what types of assets could be disposed of.
The Members felt it would not be useful to go through an exercise of listing the types of assets that could be disposed of.
Mr Momoniat said that the discussion shows that what is essential in one area might nor be essential in another. The intention is not to restrict the approach of municipalities all that Treasury wants is that assets must not be dealt with in secret.
An ANC member of the Provincial and Local Government Committee asked why the environment is left out of the MFM Bill definition.
Mr Momoniat replied that it would broaden the provision and the intention was to let municipalities apply its mind to certain assets.
Ms Mahlangu said that Treasury must take into consideration the discussion of the Committee and that of Mr Carrim that the definition should be in line with the Bill of Rights.
Ms Hogan tried to sum up the discussion by saying that everyone agrees that there must be a limitation as to what a municipality can sell. Everyone also agrees that assets that are used in the delivery of basic services cannot be sold. Some argue that the definition in the Systems Act should be used in that it provides protection to assets that add to the quality of life. Ms Hogan saw merit in both positions but felt if there are two different definitions the two different definitions could be played off against each other in Court.
Mr Momoniat said that the Systems Act deals with the process of PPP's and does not deal with the disposal of assets.
Ms Hogan suggested that the quality of life aspect should be contained in a separate provision and there should be a process whereby a council must first apply its mind before the asset is disposed of.
Mr Momoniat said that this could be done.
Clause14 - acquisition and disposal of minority interests in companies and other entities.
Mr Momoniat said that the question in this Clause is what type of entity do you want the municipality to enter into. If the municipality is the majority partner it is fine. There is however a problem if the municipality is a minority shareholder. The Clause allows for circumstances when a municipality can hold the minority interest but the general approach is that the municipality must have the majority interest.
Mr Glaasen added that if you create a company where the municipality is the minority interest holder the majority shareholder controls the public assets.
Ms Hogan felt that this was a useful provision.
Ms Taljaard commented that S 76 of the Systems Act provides a mechanism where the municipality can enter service delivery agreements and this is much wider than Clause14 in the Bill. She added that the private sector is reluctant to assume the risk if they get a minority interest.
Mr Glaasen used the example of the Calvin Plant that was needed by the Johannesburg municipality to provide electricity because it could be bought from Eskom. There was discussion about taking up a minority interest in the Plant with the private sector partner being the majority shareholder. The municipality decided not to because it would loose control of the asset. As an alternative an agreement was reached whereby the private company owned the asset. He was illustrating that it was not necessary to go into a deal where the municipality is the minority shareholder. There are other ways of attracting the private sector to invest.
Mr Momoniat told the Committee to ask themselves whether they want municipalities to go into partnerships where it is the minority partner.
Ms Borman asked why there is this reservation about having the smaller share.
Mr Momoniat reiterated that it was a question of control. The asset was paid for with public funds and if problems should emerge the municipality would not be in the position to fix the problem. Service agreements can cater for the need of the private sector to be the majority partner.
Mr Glaasen knew of examples overseas where municipalities were the minority shareholder and then the private majority would cut service standards etc to cater for their shareholders who are only interested in profit.
Ms Taljaard asked if corporate governance principles would not cover the concern of minority partnerships.
Ms Hogan replied that corporate governance is no protection because the majority could still move in a completely different direction from what municipalities require.
Mr Carrim felt that for now it was safer to have the clause.
Ms Fubes said that rate-payers did not expect municipalities to take high risks with their money so she also agreed with the clause.
Mr Momoniat said that entities will be discussed again so this issue can be revisited.
Ms Hogan looked at the WECLOGO submission on this Clause.
They submit that this section is unnecessarily restrictive. It limits the ability of a municipality to hold a minority interest in certain categories. This would prohibit a municipality from interacting with the private sector in possible joint ventures. For example, the creation of a juristic entity to promote tourism in a municipality. The municipality may not wish to control the entity and the tourism industry may want the municipality to play a lesser role.
Mr Glaasen did not agree with the submission because he never saw a venture that was not structured without an agreement.
Mr Momoniat told the Committee that currently budgets are the size of telephone books, they change at every council meeting and the councillors are not empowered so therefore they do not understand it. The chapter wants to empower the political heads in municipalities by putting in place the culture of a three year budget. There must be one main annual budget. One adjustment budget. There must be a link between the IDP and the budget in that if there is not enough funds the IDP must be revised downwards. The chapter is a bit more detailed than its equivalent in the PFMA because the whole culture must be changed. Another important feature is that a draft budget must be published before the main budget. He added that municipalities are far from three year budgets. At present 35 are doing it but only ten are close to getting it right because it is very difficult. He felt that the provisions are too soft because if the council does not approve a budget it should be resolved and new elections held.
Mr Carrim said that Mr Momoniat was right because if there is no budget it should ultimately mean a re-election. This issue needs to be flagged because it needs to be addressed because S 139 only caters for executive failures and since the failure to approve the budget is a legislative failure it seems that there is very little that can be done.
Mr Momoniat continued with the Clause by Clause discussion.
The purpose of Clause 15(2) is to have a three year appropriation for capital projects. This is a new idea and not contained in the PFMA. The PFMA will be amended accordingly in due course. The rationale is that for capital expenditure the project is in effect approved in the first year but spending thereon can be revised either way during the subsequent years.
Ms Hogan commented that the Clause makes no reference to capital expenditure.
Mr Momoniat agreed that it is drafted clumsily and he will attend to clarifying it.
Mr Carrim said that he supported the idea but never knew that the Clause was actually referring to multi-year budgeting. He asked if those words can be used in the redraft to make it more clear.
Ms Hogan was sceptical about the Clause because there has not been sufficient time spent on thinking this through. It is not even done at provincial and national level so it is a worry that local government is pushed into it. For now though she said that the Committee should continue with the Bill.
Mr Momoniat said that the operating budget must be balanced. This means that there can be a deficit but there must be surplus funds available at the beginning of the year to fund the deficit. There can be no borrowing to fund the deficit.
Ms Hogan was unclear by the concept 'balanced budget' that at the same time can have a deficit.
Mr Momoniat said that he would look at the formulation of the clause.
The FFC asked if the operating budget included current expenditure and amortised expenditure.
Mr Momoniat said yes. The terms used are in line wit the GFS classifications.
Ms Joemat pointed out that the Institute for Municipal Officers submitted that in 16(1)(c) the wording should be ' fully funded' budget rather than a balanced budget.
Mr Momoniat undertook to look at the wording in the whole of 16(1)(a) - (c).
This Clause relates to the growth factor discussed earlier but Mr Pillay added that the focus in this Clauseis that the municipality must first look at realistic revenue before looking at expenditure. Thereafter the broader growth factor must be considered.
Mr Doe said that the practice at local government level is to look at expenditure first and then determine the rates increases accordingly. He felt that the Clause is over regulation bit understood the argument made by Treasury.
The Clause states that the annual budget of the municipality must within the available resources reflect the IDP.
Mr Carrim thought that this provision needs to be more towards the front of the clause. He was also of the opinion that the Clause was too loose and did not understand what 'within the available resources' meant.
Mr Momoniat replied that developing IDP's is a dynamic process. If it is to be done properly the budget has to take into account the IDP. Once you have the budget then the IDP must take into account the budget. At this point the IDP has to be revised accordingly. Treasury is trying to show the link between the IDP and the budget and felt that soft words has to be used. He added that a good IDP will take into account budgetary resources. One cannot say that the budget must reflect the IDP. Such a statement could open up the budget to legal challenge.
Mr Carrim was not happy with the explanation. DPLG states that a high percentage of municipalities have successful IDP's. He would have no problem with the loose formulation of the Clause if it was cross referenced with the Systems Act.
Ms Hogan identified with Mr Momoniat's argument and did not share Mr Carrim's concern.
Mr Carrim said that if the cross referencing is done then the wording is not so important anymore.
Ms Hogan confirmed that Treasury would attend to the cross reference.
Mr Momoniat said that the Clause is similar to the one in the PFMA and is sets out what the budget must contain. He added that it would take about five years before every municipality is at this point.
Ms Hogan asked where in the Bill it is said to be a transitional programme.
Mr Momoniat replied that Clause120, the last Clause, states that certain provisions will be phased in.
The submissions on Clause16 will be looked at during the next sitting.


text:
SrA. McGowan
North Carolina Heroes' Fund | Featured, Grant Recipients, Press Releases
Air Force Veteran Alex McGowan served two tours in Iraq. After his second deployment, he returned home in 2004 a different person. He was unemployed and suffering from psychological trauma when his dental condition began to manifest itself. He eventually entered the NC Air Guard. Unfortunately his dental condition deteriorated, and full time employment evaded him as it became clear no one would hire someone with a significant preexisting dental condition. In addition, the Air Guard informed him that he could not serve due to his dental condition – he was considered "un-deployable".
The North Carolina Heroes' Fund began working on Alex's case and reached out to Dr. Ralph Hoffmann, a Prosthodontist who practices in Charlotte, who was willing to donate his professional services for Alex's dental work. The North Carolina Heroes' Fund covered the cost of supplies and materials. The oral surgery and upper and lower dentures that Dr. Hoffmann provided have truly changed Alex's appearance and will impact his life and health significantly. Primarily, it will enable him to stay with the Air Guard and continue his service to our country.
McGowan before surgery.
Alex says of his experience, "My dental status put me at risk for losing my career in the Air National Guard. By the grace of God I found the Heroes Fund Just in time. I owe everything to the Heroes Fund, Dr. Hoffman, and his staff."
"While researching Alex's case, we heard from caseworkers and superior officers that Alex McGowan was an exemplary airman, and it was clear that those around him would turn over every rock to help him. North Carolina Heroes' Fund appreciates Alex's service to our country and has been honored to work together with Dr. Ralph Hoffmann to help such a deserving recipient." Scott Stone, Chairman of the Board.
Additionally Dr. Hoffmann said of Alex's service, "Many of us haven't served and sacrificed for our country as profoundly as people like Alex have. We are all citizens, and this was my way of giving back, a small sacrifice, for a true hero like Alex."


I can attempt to draft a professional paragraph about who I am and what I've done, but eh, it's not me. I'm a guy who loves taking pictures, loves exploring new places, and loves capturing moments for people to remember.
I always strive to be a multifaceted photographer; Being able to shoot whatever scenario or genre that's placed before me. I've worked with numerous brands, photographed countless sessions, captured weddings and engagements, collaborated with Youtube bloggers, and covered a plethora of events.
The world is filled with people from such diverse walks of life and I look to capture those unique stories and lives to share them with others. With that said, I will travel when the need presents itself. If you have an event/wedding that you want me to cover, or need a family/portrait or headshot session, let me know in my contact form below.
So enough about me, I want to hear from you!


I photograph abandoned buildings, among other things, and try to retrieve as much background information as possible. The term used for this is urban exploring, in short urbex.
Urbex locations within Europe, including the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium & France.
The photos on this site are of such high quality that it sometimes takes a while before a page is fully loaded.


Discussion in 'Technical Chat' started by Rio, Mar 13, 2008.
2007 tacoma, I had the dealer do an oil change at 4400 miles (coupon deal, I usually just do it myself). Last night at 9400 miles the maint required light comes on so this morning I call the dealer to inquire about the light and the service manager tells me the maint required light comes on every 5k miles and that they reset the light when I had the service at 4400 miles. I've never had this in any truck I've ever owned before. My last vehilce was a 96' T-100. If I do my own oil change then how can I reset the light myself ?
I've done it and it involves holding the trip display button and the ignition.... I don't remember the steps but the reset process is in the owners manual.
There is a sticky at the top of the 2nd Gen Tacomas forum that lists the steps to reset the light.
Yoo can do it or the dealer can. It's just a little reminder for people to change their oil.


I'm a fun loving multi-passionate gal living in Chicago with my husband and 11 year old yorkie. You can find me blogging about Chicago life, married life, and how to go for your dreams.
All about life, marriage, and going for your dreams!
You never know what i might send out!


Penny Brockway of Brockway Realty represented her client in the sale of her home in Spring, Texas, and the purchase of her home in the Sienna Village subdivision in Missouri City, Texas. Hurricane Harvey left both these homes untouched and move-in ready for new owners to enjoy! If you're planning to sell your home, or looking to buy, give Penny a call at 281-684-6842 and let her assist in making the process easy.


text:
Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu (persa: جلال الدین خوارزمشاه; nombre completo: Jalal ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar Manguberdi ibn Muhammad) o Manguberdi (túrquico), también conocido como Jalâl ad-Dîn Khwârazmshâh, fue el último gobernante del Imperio Jorezmita. Nacido hacia 1199 aproximadamente era hijo de Ala ad-Din Muhammad II. Después de la derrota de su padre, por Genghis Khan en 1220, Jalal ad-Din Mengübirti llegó al poder, pero rechazó el título de sah que su padre había asumido, y se llamó a sí mismo simplemente sultán. Jalal ad-Din se retiró con las fuerzas jorezmitas restantes, mientras eran perseguidos por un ejército mongol y en la batalla de Parwan, al norte de Kabul, derrotó a los mongoles.

Debido a la invasión mongola, el saqueo de Samarcanda y a la deserción de sus aliados afganos, Jalal ad-Din se vio forzado a huir a la India. En el río Indo, sin embargo, los mongoles dieron con él y diezmaron sus fuerzas junto con miles de refugiados en la batalla del Indo de otoño de 1221. Escapó y buscó asilo en el sultanato de Delhi pero Iltutmish le negó el asilo en deferencia a su relación con el califato abasí.

Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu pasó tres años en su exilio en la India. En 1223 Mingburnu entró en una alianza con los khokhars y capturó Lahore y gran parte del Punjab. Solicitó una alianza con Iltutmish contra los mongoles. El sultán de Delhi se negó, no deseando entrar en conflicto con Genghis Khan y marchó hacia Lahore a la cabeza de un gran ejército. Mingburnu se retiró de Lahore y se movió hacia Uchch infligiendo una severa derrota a su gobernante Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha, y saqueando Sindh y el norte de Gujarat antes de regresar a Persia a inicios de 1224 tras enterarse de los éxitos de su último hermano Ghijath ad-Din Pir-Schah en el golfo pérsico, al oeste del actual Irán.

Consiguió un ejército y restableció un reino. Los gobernadores de Kermán (capital Qutlughchaniden) y Fars (dinastía túrquica Salghúrida) se le sometieron. Se hizo con el Juzestán, amenazando a los califas de Bagdad. Sin embargo, nunca consolidó su poder, y pasó el resto de sus días luchando contra los mongoles, pretendientes al trono y los turcos seljúcidas de Rum. Perdió su poder sobre Persia en una batalla contra los mongoles en las montañas Alborz y huyó al Cáucaso, para capturar Azerbaiyán y derrocar a sus atabeg en la primavera de 1225, estableciendo su capital en Tabriz. Posteriormente venció al Reino de Georgia en batalla cerca de Garni, pudo tomar Tiflis pero los azeríes se rebelaron y debió someterlos. Finalmente, saqueó Tiflis el 9 de marzo de 1226, destruyendo todas las iglesias y masacrando a la población cristiana de la ciudad. Ocupado en combatir a los ayubidas de Ahlat, no pudo impedir a los georgianos y armenios capturar Tiflis, pero reaccionó en cuanto pudo y los cristianos debieron retirarse sin pelear.

En 1227 Jalal ad-Din obtuvo una breve victoria sobre los selyúcidas. Es vencido por los mongoles en agosto de 1228 en Isfahán, donde casi es capturado; buscando aliarse con el califa, quien estaba más interesado en ayudar a los georgianos a enfrentarlo. En 1229 envía un ejército hasta Derbent, que acampa a orillas del lago Seván en dos campamentos. Los cristianos asaltan y destruyen uno de los campamentos, los jorezmitas sobrevivientes se retiran. Jalal ad-Din avanzó y la reina Rusudan contrató  mercenarios cumanos y osetios para fortalecer sus mermadas fuerzas. En la batalla de Bolsini en la primavera de ese año. Los cumanos se cambiaron de bando y los jorezmitas ganaron el combate. Después asedia los fuertes de Gagi y Kvarin y se retiró en el otoño.

El 14 de abril de 1230 capturó la ciudad de Akhlat de los ayubidas (tras atacarla sin éxito en 1226 y 1229). Esto motiva una alianza entre selyúcidas y ayubidas. El 10 de agosto es derrotado por el sultán Kayqubad I en Erzincan en el Alto Éufrates en la batalla de Yassıçemen. Evacúa Akhlat y escapó a Diyarbakir. Además, el general mongol Chormagan ataca en el invierno de 1230-1231 Azerbaiyán aprovechando su debilidad. Incapaz de movilizar un nuevo ejército se refugia en Kapan, para morir a manos de un asesino kurdo contratado por los selyúcidas en agosto de 1231.

Véase también
  Jorezmitas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Uzbekos
Monarcas asesinados
Gobernantes jorezmitas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Cucumber step for all scenarios I have around 30 scenarios that all bar one require this step to be at the top of the Background:
Given I have an account:
  | name     | path     |
  | ticketee | ticketee |

For the one that doesn't require this step it is not important that it exists or doesn't exist, because it's the feature for creating accounts. I can simply use a different account name and path for this.
Now, I was thinking rather than putting this in every single feature file 29 times that I could make use of the Before method in Cucumber which would mean placing a file in features/support/create_account.rb which would have this code:
Before do
  steps(%Q{
    Given I have an account:
      | name     | path     |
      | ticketee | ticketee |
  })
end

The only downside from this is that it extracts what some would think belongs in the feature to a very difficult-to-track-down location and is probably not standard. But on the other hand, it saves quite a lot of repetition.
What should I do?

A: I'd use a tagged hook such as @with_ticketee_account. It still brings a bit of repetition, but it makes the background of the scenario more obvious than having it completely hidden.
If you wanted to make it so you only have to tag the one odd scenario, maybe create a tagged hook such as @without_ticketee_account which sets a variable which your generic before filter could check for before creating the ticketee account.

A: Tagged hook is IMHO a good idea.
Another Idea is to make that one line instead of three. perhaps:
Given I have an account called "ticketee"

which does all the same stuff, but is succinct as well. I have never used those tables with cucumber because I can usually make stuff on one line that reads better.

A: I'd go ahead and extract it into the Before block like you have proposed or use a factory (e. g. factory_girl).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Resolution 1998-11-16.iwj.1 was amended as follows by the Board of Directors of SPI on August 10, 2004.
Software in the Public Interest, Inc. ('SPI') is an umbrella organization which provides legal and formal services, including the ability to manage legal property, to various projects and organizations ('Associated Projects', or simply 'Projects') which form part of the wider community working on free software and related activities ('the Community').
SPI takes the view that the political and technical decision making for a Project is a matter for the people who participate in it. Accordingly, SPI does not normally control or manage Projects.
One of SPI's main functions is to receive and hold property, including money, hardware, intellectual property and other assets, which are intended for the benefit of free software or related activities and may be earmarked for a particular Project.
Such assets are held in trust by SPI. They will be used and managed according to agreement(s) between SPI and the relevant Project, for the benefit of the Community. The basis of the trust is this Framework, SPI's Position and Promises on Intellectual Property, and those agreement(s).
Money SPI will, when requested by a Project, accept money to be held in trust for purposes related to that Project. Such money will be spent according to the instructions of (and SPI's agreement with) the Project, provided that these instructions are consistent with SPI's goals and legal obligations.
Intellectual Property SPI can on request hold intellectual property in trust for purposes relating to a Project. Such IPR will be managed according to the instructions of (and SPI's agreement with) the Project, provided that these instructions are consistent with SPI's Position and Promises about Intellectual Property and SPI's goals and legal obligations.
Other Property If SPI accepts other property in trust for purposes relating to a Project, the property will be managed according to SPI's agreement with the Project, provided that this is for the benefit of that Project and the Community and consistent with SPI's goals, policies, promises and legal obligations.
SPI and its lawyers may make their services available to Projects, if it is in SPI's view that this is in the best interests of the Community and there are no conflicts of interest involved.
Each Project has its own formal or informal internal structure and procedures. SPI will not interfere in the internal decision making of Projects, unless this is requested by the Project or its rules and procedures.
If a Project has rules and procedures about its relationship with SPI then SPI will honour them (for example by implementing decisions about property held for that Project if and only if they are made according to those rules and procedures) provided that they are consistent with its agreement with SPI and with SPI's goals, policies and legal obligations.
If a Project's internal organization or procedures are unclear or disputed, SPI will deal with the situation as fairly as possible; if possible SPI will act according to the decisions or rough consensus of the Project's participants or in case of doubt that of the whole Community.
It is SPI's view that free software and the Community are enhanced by friendly internal competition. SPI therefore does not usually have a conflict of interest when holding assets on behalf of two different but competing Projects.
If Projects are in dispute with each other about property held by SPI in trust for one or both of them, SPI will not usually dispose of the property or use it (for example, by taking enforcement action about IPR) except by common consent of the Projects involved. SPI will deal with the situation fairly, just as if it were a dispute within a single Project (see above).
If no resolution can be found in a dispute about property held for one or more Projects, and it is the rough consensus of the Community that some particular action needs to be taken before resolution is likely, and it would be fair, reasonable, legal, and consistent with SPI's policies to do so, then SPI will take that action.
In any case, SPI may if agreed by disputing Projects act as an mediator or arbitrator.
Following informal discussions of Associated Project status with members of the community, if satisfied the SPI Board will pass a resolution inviting the project to become Associated with SPI.
This resolution will state the SPI Board's current understanding of who is authorised to act for the project; it will invite the project to join with SPI according to this Framework; and it will state a date at which the invitation will lapse if not accepted.
When notified by the management of a Project, or when the SPI Board decides, the Association between SPI and the Project is terminated.
Following termination, SPI will not accept any further money or property for purposes related to that Project. Assets already held will nevertheless still be subject to the guidelines in this Framework, until it is disposed of (for example by transfer to another suitable non-profit organisation, or by being spent) according to this Framework.
When the SPI Board, and other parts of SPI, like and approve of a project or activity, this may expressed as saying that SPI (or the relevant bodies or individuals) 'support' the project.
This does not imply any formal relationship or agreement with the non-Associated Project; SPI will not take donations earmarked for the assistance of, or assets related to, a non-Associated Project.


The Spring Tool Suite is an Eclipse-based development environment that is customized for developing Spring applications. It provides a ready-to-use environment to implement, debug, run, and deploy your Spring applications, including integrations for Pivotal tc Server, Pivotal Cloud Foundry, Git, Maven, AspectJ, and more.
Deployed from e27d7a207f. You are on web.4. UTC time is currently 19 Apr 2019 19:31:48 +00:00.


Gold B-ball shoes inspired by James Harden's superstar game.
Slow down fast. Inspired by James Harden's evolution into a superstar, these basketball shoes are dipped in gold and flash an "IMMA STAR" print on the inner panels. They're built with a leather upper for a locked-down feel that supports quick changes of direction. A responsive midsole returns energy on every Euro step. The herringbone outsole provides extra traction as you start and stop on a dime.


text:
using System;

namespace Template10.Navigation
{
    public interface INavigationResult
    {
        bool Success { get; }

        Exception Exception { get; }
    }

    public class NavigationResult : INavigationResult
    {
        public bool Success { get; set; }

        public Exception Exception { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


BREEZE Software, the market-leading provider of dispersion modeling software used by environmental professionals around the world, released a new Version of AERMET, the powerful meteorological data preprocessing software for AERMOD. BREEZE AERMET simplifies the process of creating AERMOD-ready meteorological data files from raw data formats.
BREEZE AERMET 7.5.2 integrates the latest executable of the U.S. EPA AERMINUTE 14337, ensuring full regulatory compliance. AERMINUTE uses one-minute ASOS data to generate hourly averages of wind direction and wind speed to supplement existing surface data. It is highly recommended to download and install this update in order to continue using the most up-to-date Version of BREEZE AERMET, the U.S. EPA regulatory compliant meteorological data preprocessor for AERMOD.
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The Fall Risk, Volume No. 1 is the eponymous debut album by the band The Fall Risk. The album began production in March 2013 and was officially released on August 1, 2013, coinciding with the birthday of Jerry Garcia ("Jerry Day").

Track listing
"Cross My Heart" (Jeff Pehrson) - 4:16
"Wendy Ann" (Pehrson) - 4:14
"Angeline" (Pehrson) - 4:22
"Hollow" (Pehrson) - 3:50
"LeClair" (Pehrson) - 3:23
"Ode" (Pehrson) - 4:28
"Cry" (Pehrson) - 3:31
"Cry Baby Cry" (Pehrson) - 3:07
"HBWA" (Pehrson) - 4:17

Personnel
The Fall Risk
Jeff Pehrson — acoustic guitar, vocals
Phil Savell — lead guitar, rhythm guitar, resonator guitar
Mark Abbott — drums, percussion
Sammy Johnston — organ, accordion, harmonica, Mellotron, vocals
Rich Goldstein — slide guitar, lead guitar, rhythm guitar
Matt Twain — piano, keyboards, vocals
Mike Sugar — bass

Special Guests
Tony Furtado — banjo and bottleneck slide on "LeClair"
Jason Crosby — fiddle on "Angeline"

Production
Produced by Chris Manning
Executive producer: R. Cooper Gruen
Recorded at TRI Studios and Salamander Sound
Artwork and design: Gelsey Maslanka
Social media and PR: BANDAID Social Media
All songs written & Copyright Controlled by Jeff Pehrson (Oenophile Music, ASCAP)

References

The Fall Risk albums
2013 debut albums
Music of the San Francisco Bay Area


YOU WERE BORN TO WIN IN LIFE!
God put winning on the inside of you! Maybe you don't know where to start. Did you know that anxiety, depression, rage, compulsive behavior, and extreme addictions spawn from traumatic intimacy disorders? This all began long before you were born, all the way back when the original sin first entered the universe. If you struggle at life you already know the impact it has on your marriage, parenting, job and friendships. Truth is, we all have been trauma-struck, dream-stuck and/or down on our luck. Even so, God wants you to know you were born to win!
To rise to new heights, to break out of the mundane and to experience honest transformation we have to begin with credible mentors and thoughtful friends. Experts, research and the God of the Bible reinforce our absolute inadequacy of winning at life on our own. We need each other. Jesus dreamed of "each other" when he dreamed of a healthy church family.
If you have wanted something better - greater peace, more joy, shared experiences - we are here to help. Our team of leaders and church family want to help you restore. We can empower you spiritually, psychologically, and neurobiologically. We want to help you move past your past, and into Christ's abundant life. We are not talking about religion; we are talking about encounters with the REAL JESUS and the POWER OF REDEMPTION.
Our transformational leadership, teachings, actionable tools, and network of professional experts, are all here. The REAL JESUS and the POWER OF REDEMPTION await you!
IT'S UP TO YOU - TAKE A SHOT!
LifePointe is a community and ecosystem of resources dedicated for the redemption of human life. All imploding emotion and human disorder can be traced back to the traumatic effect of Adam's fall. That historic moment split all of history, while splitting the heart of all mankind. Now fear compulsively rules the mind. The only credible solution for restoration is the REAL JESUS.
The REAL JESUS is the only one who can fully restore us to the real intimacy. We have found that a punitive, distant and authoritative concept of God undermines a person's capacity for healthy connection and transformation. Renewing the mind begins with a benevolent attachment to God. In turn, a secure attachment with people begins to emerge.
LifePointe is a family of people who have lived in brokenness and are contending for the abundant life Jesus came to give. It is our mission to live outside ourselves and bring health to everyone who will allow us to help. In doing so we empower our community to fulfill Christ's great commission of taking his message to the entire world.
YOU WANT TO WIN AND MAKE A DIFFERENCE!
Odds are, if you are at our website, you're already a visionary desiring for something more in a church and life. Maybe you just want a thoughtful "family" to live a great life with. Or maybe you are trying to figure out this internal thing that disrupts and sabotages your life. You know there is something inside of you that winds you up, that springs up and messes you up. If you could solve this thing in you, you would have an exponentially better life; spiritually, emotionally, relationally and physically.
You have great ambitions and dreams. However, you sense your motivation comes from a fear of not being enough, valuable or lovable. You are devoted to making serious investments in your family, at work, in ministry and life – expecting to see serious results. Your willing to surrender all, leave all and joyfully follow Christ anywhere He leads. However you expect to live life to its healthiest and fullest.
You are a winner and want to make a difference!
One decision can begin the journey of a lifetime. When you are ready we can hook you up with a Sunday worship experience: Livestream online, come anonymously or let us help plan your trip and host you. Ready. Set. Go!
NOW IT'S UP TO YOU - TAKE A SHOT!


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The next two tiers consist of guys I still think could be average starters or very good backups in the NBA, with this tier being more of the "safer" of the two groups and Tier 5 holding guys who are more gambles and will need to overcome some issues to hit that level. Jackson is my 2nd-ranked point guard - his shooting percentages dipped a bit this year as he took the keys to the offense from Jerian Grant, but his playmaking numbers went up and he's a tough, decent athlete. I really like Johnson as a finisher around the hoop, and I thought the light seemed to go on for him during his senior year in terms of effort. Poeltl is higher on a lot of boards - I think he's solid with good touch around the rim, but defensively, he isn't a guy that can switch nor is he a rim protector. I'd like one of the two from a starting center. His improved free throw shooting is a message to all the 45% FT shooters out there - it's not that hard!! Bentil is a well-built PF who has some range, but his rebounding numbers were surprisingly low. LeVert is an awesome talent, a long wing with versatility, ball skills, range, and defensive ability, but the fear is that his repeated foot injuries will continue. If healthy, he's up near Luwawu to me. Korkmaz is a similar style player as a long wing who can shoot, only with less ball skills and defensive ability (but no injury worries). Finally, I'm lower on Baldwin than most - he has elite length/size and shot a solid % from deep, but he oddly couldn't finish at the rim, showed poor leadership skills for a talented Vandy team, and has a slow release/took a pretty low volume of threes.
Ulis fits more into Tier 4 in that I see him as "safe," but he's just terrifyingly small. Even Brandon Ingram could bench press him!! He's such a steady presence, though, and he has the "it" factor as the leader of an offense. McCaw and Beasley are two intriguing wing prospects, with McCaw having the elite length and Beasley being the better shooter. The beauty is in the eye of the beholder there - it will depend who's drafting. I was hesitant to even place Dejounte Murray this high. The Tony Wroten comparisons scare me; his jumper is so unrefined and his floor game is so raw that his ceiling seems like MCW - not worth a lottery pick. Prince, on the other hand, almost got ranked higher - he has some DeMarre Carroll in him as a big wing who can shoot well enough and should be able to defend 2 through 4 fairly well (though Baylor played a lot of zone). Skal....oh Skal. So many raw skills - that shooting with that rim protection potential is tantalizing, but he's a soft, deer-in-the-headlights guy who was shockingly underwhelming at UK. Isaiah Whitehead could be a great third guard off the bench – there's a little Dion Waiters in him (the confidence, ability to get his own shot), and since he's not going 4th overall, there's some value in that. I really like Hernangomez's potential as a stretch 4. He has a super smooth stroke with good size, but it's unclear if he'll be in the NBA right away. Maker barely scrapes into this group on the strength of his potential; if he can maximize his shooting, ball skills, and physical potential defensively, he could be a monster, but he's just so far away from getting there that it's scary. The age concerns are a curveball, too.
This is more of a role player group. Onuaku could be an excellent post defender with his strength and surprising quickness for his size, and he is actually a decent passer as well. But his touch and hands offensively will always limit him somewhat – could he be Festus Ezeli-esque? Brogdon is a scouts' favorite due to his unbeatable intangibles, but his production and defensive ability are also some tangibles to love. Not an elite athlete, but I'd bet he carves out a role. At 24 years old, Hammons might have limited upside, but he's huge and has some skills both offensively and defensively. I can't speak much to his off the court personality, but he could be a serviceable backup center. Most people have Richardson up near Beasley and ahead of McCaw, but I think he compares unfavorably to Rashad Vaughn, last year's 18th overall pick who was an absolute nightmare as a rookie. That doesn't bode well, but the physical tools and shooting form are there for him. Kay Felder, the 5'9 Oakland dynamo, put up video game numbers in college, and if he finds the team who can let him be a sparkplug bench scorer (and he continues to develop defensively), he will have some value. Diallo and Carter are both 4-men who will need to rebound a ton to maximize their own value – Diallo has little offensive value other than as a rim runner and possibly developing a 15-foot jumper, whereas Carter is an okay passer and shows a nice half hook every once in a while. Payton II is a great defender and athlete with extremely versatile skills (good passer, elite guard rebounder), but he's another guy with a broken jump shot. Damian Jones has a similar issue to his teammate Baldwin – that Vanderbilt team just had no killer instinct at all, despite having two potential first round picks (plus a 7-foot shooter/shot blocker, good wings, …sigh. I'll just get frustrated talking about them).
This tier consists of guys that, if they accept it, could fit into distinct roles on the right team. Bolomboy is an elite rebounder, bringing high effort and surprisingly elite leaping ability (40.5" vertical!). Gbinije is old and played zone in college, but he has the length, athleticism, and shooting ability to be a 3-and-D guy after playing PG at Syracuse. He can't really shoot, but Cat Barber is a jet and can put points up in a hurry. Lee is a guy you won't find on many draft boards, but like Gbinije, he has length, defensive ability, and can shoot – put him in the right role, and he can handle it. Cook is in the same vein, but he's more elite defensively and less proficient shooting the ball. He's an incredible athlete, too. Webb and Uthoff are both lengthy, 3/4 tweeners who can make an impact defensively (Uthoff in particular was shockingly good as a shot-blocker). Webb was one of the best defensive rebounders in the country, but he won't be able to overwhelm athletically in the NBA. He'll need to gain strength, too. Uthoff's shooting could help him become a stretch 4 off the bench. I don't really love Selden as a pro prospect; he's just never gotten much better. After a torrid start to the year from deep, he regressed back to 38% by the end of the year. He has the strength to guard bigger 3's, but he needs to be able to drill corner 3's. Zimmerman is athletic and can rebound and block shots, but he's extremely raw offensively. Stone is one of the best low post scorers in the draft, but he's pretty ground-bound, he can't rebound for a guy his size, and he will be totally screwed trying to defend the PnR. Rounding out the 3MW top-50 is my roommate's dad Kevin Ferrell (aka Yogi), a deadeye shooter who got better and better as a floor leader at Indiana. He's short but stout, and he could be a good backup PG in the right situation.
Outside the top 50 guys worth a swing: Isaiah Cousins (big guard, tough), Pascal Siakam (good scorer who might be athletic enough to stick), Derrick Jones (hell of an athlete), Thomas Walkup (he just knows how to play basketball, has the strength and athleticism to be an elite defender), Zach Auguste (headcase, but he's a true PnR threat as a roll man), and Jameel Warney (I JUST LOVE THIS GUY!).


text:
Charlie Chaplin outdone by another competitor
"You are a totally new manifestation of God. It has never been before so there has never been a person exactly like you," states Osho.
What is, is and what is not, is not
A Cup of Tea (120)
Support for Julian Assange continues in London
Worldwide support for Julian Assange continues. In London this week, John Pilger joined Pink Floyd's Roger Waters at a rally outside the Home Office.
Blasphemies
A quote by George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright (1856-1950).
The relentless persecution of Julian Assange
Julian Assange's recent arrest in London, UK, is being widely reported in the media, writes Bhagawati. (The article includes a video-interview by journalist, author and documentary filmmaker, John Pilger.)
Remember neti, neti – not this, not that!
Truth functioning through you
A meditation technique to find our inner voice, explained by Osho.
When the Master is dead
When the Master is alive, when he is living, when the truth is breathing, then it is a cult - it has to be condemned. And when the Master is dead... And with the Master's death the truth disappears, because truth needs an embodiment. It is an experience; it has to exist in the person
We have to choose the lesser evil
Q: Today at the lecture you extolled the virtues of Hasidism. But if they are so praiseworthy, so full of feeling of brotherhood, etc., why do they exclude women from their religious practices, and particularly their ecstatic religious dancing?
Witch hunt against Julian Assange continues
The relentless hunting-down plans for WikiLeaks' publisher are again coming to a head. His ongoing persecution is widely seen as a threat for freedom of speech. But not enough is being done to support him, and the nature of the charges against him are not transparent.
I am not here to help you
Osho answers a question about why he has come to earth, and says, "My whole message is to see the truth, to see the hell that ego creates in the name of perfection, uniqueness – and to let it drop."
The Power of Determination
If we want transformation to happen, it can take place in a moment. Just one moment of will, of complete determination is enough. writes Naina in The Sentinel, Assam, on June 24, 2018.
Profound truth
A quote by Dave Sim.
I have to speak a different language
Osho answers the question: Osho, you are quoted as being here to proclaim a new tradition, not to perpetuate the old. Why is this, and how do you see the future?
I love his teachings
Sifu Freddie Lee, a Kung Fu teacher and practitioner, speaks about Osho's impact on him and the message given out by the media.
We are strangers to this earth
In a Hindi discourse, Osho answers a question by the late Om Prakash Saraswati after listening to the first discourse on the Gita of Ashtavakra: "These words are of the sky. These words come from the homeland, come from that from which source we all come, the source to which we must return."
At the last stage you have to sacrifice the ego
Osho explains to a new disciple that the people who come to a master can be divided into four categories.
My message is universal
Osho states about his message: "Its universality means that it is the foundational doctrine of existence," and that "truth is absolutely uncompromising."
The court fool
Osho says, "You will be surprised to know that they were not ordinary fools, they were some of the wisest men in the country." From our series 1001 Tales, compiled by Shanti.
Your bondage is yours
Truth liberates.
Whose truth?
The Sufi master who did not want to speak
"All asking is unnecessary, because whatsoever answer I give to you is really there inside you. I only make it apparent. I help it to surface in you," says Osho. From our series 1001 Tales, compiled by Shanti.
Finding our life's compass
We should follow our heart and love our life as a precious gift of God, not to be wasted for superficial and imaginary goals, writes Keerti in The Asian Age on February 17, 2017.
A quote by the 14th Dalai Lama.
Iam Saums on the overwhelming power of the media – and a reminder to claim our own power and distinguish ourselves from societal fear, prejudice, propaganda and vanity.
The State of No-Thought
A Cup of Tea (83).
Where to find truth?
Taking a Stand for Truth
A statue featuring Edward Snowden, Julian Assange and Chelsea Manning has been unveiled in Berlin, Germany.
Truth is like the sky
Man Lives In, Through, And For Illusion
Man lives in illusion.
Man lives through illusion.
Man lives for illusion.
When I Started Serving Cooked Food…
Q: Osho, Dolly Diddee showed me a passage from one of your earlier books where you say that no saint is against any other saint, and that they deliberately speak against each other to drive away people who are not suited to them and to push their buttons.
Those Who Try to Tell Them the Truth
HL Mencken (September 12, 1880 – January 29, 1956)
I am going to say whatsoever I feel is the truth, and every day I will go on sharpening the truth. I have spoken so much for all kinds of people – three hundred books are there. Now I have to create three hundred more books to get rid of all that I have said!
The drop doesn't have to become the ocean
Where is truth?
Journalism Lives on Lies
Osho, Are all the journalists blind? Can't they see the truth? Why are they continuously spreading lies about you?
The Whole World is Full of Lies
The bodhisattvas make every effort to awaken people, knowing perfectly well that out of a million people, perhaps one may understand them and the remaining will either be indifferent, or most probably will misunderstand. Bodhisattvas know perfectly well that speaking the truth is a very shortcut way to create enemies in the world, because the
Truth is unknown
The Virtues of Shedding Labels and Leaving Home
Article by Ravi Nagahawatte, published in The Nation, Colombo, Sri Lanka on 20 October 2013.
Nobody Listened to Wilhelm Reich
Osho on prana, yogis, and the accumulation of orgone
Osho Speaks on Rabia of Basra
Hazrat Rabi'a al-Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya (714 – 801 CE) also known as Rabi'ah al-Basri is considered to be the first female Sufi Saint of Islam, the first in a long line of female Sufi mystics. She was born and lived most of her life in Basra, a seaport in southern Iraq. Rabia was born into a
The Majority Consists of Fools
With the old, there is a guarantee. Millions and millions of people have followed it, how can so many people be wrong? That is the guarantee. If so many people say it is right, it must be right. In fact the logic of life is just the opposite. If so many people are following a
The Masses are Living in a Hypnotic State
People are locked into thought patterns. It's been sculpted by social engineers and reinforced by false education, drugs and adulterated food and water for decades.
Chained by Illusion
More and more wake-up calls are reaching us. More and more individuals speak up. Here's Abby Martin (of Russia Today, US Edition) taking a look back at Plato's 'Allegory of the Cave' and its application to today's society.
The Unstoppable Liberation of Humanity
Zen Gardner looks at the ongoing changes and shifts that are having an incredible impact on humanity, bringing about much needed change in consciousness. Also included is a short talk by David Icke.
A Tremendous Poona Fiction Story
Q: Please will you explain to me what "the way of religion" means? I have always been so strongly against religion that I cannot imagine what it means. But, anyhow, I suppose it is the way of total aloneness. And this makes me a little uneasy. Since you gave me sannyas, I feel like I
Truth Is a Pinnacle Like Everest
Meditation is the experience of aloneness.
Schopenhauer on Truth
The Greatest Enemy of Truth Is…
Credit to Santosh
What you say has made me very happy
Many engagements prevented me
A Cup Of Tea (2)


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William Hill Race Book to open at Caesars Horseshoe Council Bluffs
William Hill, America's leading race and sports betting company, is partnering with Caesars Entertainment to bring back pari-mutuel simulcast wagering to the Horseshoe Casino - Council Bluffs.
Bettors at the William Hill Race Book inside the Horseshoe Council Bluffs Casino will be able to wager on major thoroughbred, harness and greyhound tracks from around the country seven days a week. The simulcasting area will be adjacent to the main Casino floor and include a state-of-the-art sports bar and video wall.
Pending regulatory approvals and the construction schedule, the William Hill Race Book will open prior to the 2017 Kentucky Derby.
"We are excited to expand into Iowa and proud to partner with Caesars Entertainment to bring back pari-mutuel simulcast wagering to the Horseshoe Council Bluffs Casino. We look forward to creating a first-class experience for all racing fans in the Greater Omaha area to enjoy," said Joe Asher, CEO of William Hill U.S.
"William Hill has an excellent reputation and we are excited to welcome them to Iowa and partner to bring a new amenity that will bring even more energy to the Horseshoe Casino floor," said Bo Guidry, Senior Vice President and General Manager of Horseshoe Council Bluffs.
Etichette: Online Betting
Reflex Gaming to sign William Hill deal at ICE 2017
Ronaldo and Wade put their fitness to the test in ...
Las Vegas breaks tourism records
William Hill Race Book to open at Caesars Horsesho...


I am always delighted when people want to put a link from their pages to the Canterbury Tour. I'm even more happy when people tell me that they are going to do so, so please drop me an email using my visitor's book.
If you would like to include a photo or some photos from the Tour in your page, then please ask. I've never refused a request yet, but I am anxious to preserve my copyright on these photos, so will ask you to give me appropriate credit and also assert my copyright.
I've had a couple of requests for logos that can be used as a button to link to the Tour, and this page is designed to give you a button and the HTML that's needed to use it. I've squeezed this down to a small image (width=100, height=40), please talk to me if you want a larger one.
© Copyright Peter Collinson 1998, All rights reserved.


Killer Characters: New Cozies for April!
When Edwina "Sully" Sullivan, a retired cop turned theater manager, learns that a production of Romeo and Juliet—which Cliffside Theater's Dimitri Traietti left town to direct—is in serious trouble, she sets aside her grant applications and heads to Boston to help.
Between managing Dimitri, consulting with costume and set designers, and schmoozing with potential funders, Sully puts on nearly every hat in the biz. But the one hat she doesn't expect to wear is that of her old job as a cop. When a socialite is murdered in Boston's Public Garden, Sully's ex-husband becomes the prime suspect. So she reprises her role as an ace investigator and once again steps into the spotlight to solve a crime.


On Tuesday, computer company Dell announced that it had decided to go private and hand over ownership for a sum of $24.4 billion to a group of investors led by the company's founder, Michael Dell, and other companies like Microsoft, and investment firm Silver Lake. Under the deal, the buyers would be paying $13.65 a share in cash.
According to media reports, founder Michael S. Dell will be contributing his stake of about 14 percent and would also contribute cash through his private investment firm MSD Capital. Microsoft would provide a loan of about $2 billion, while Silver Lake would be putting up about $1 billion in cash.
The new private company would try to return to its golden years under the firm control of its founder, who believes it can be done, and is ready to put his money and stake. Michael Dell found the company from his college dormitory room in 1984, and caused it to become one of the biggest companies selling personal computers in the world.
Michael Dell is supposed to have approached the board first in August. The board formed a special committee with JPMorgan Chase and law firm Debevoise & Plimpton as advisers. To avoid accusations of "self dealing," the company has also hired an independent investment bank to supervise a 45-day period when the company would be looking for other potential buyers.


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