While the 'year of mobile' has been promised since the inaugural iPhone, it seems 2014 was finally the year that mobile reached an inflection point, becoming the most important device for individuals to connect to the internet.
As we covered yesterday in our general summary of the Ofcom report, in the space of two years, smartphones have become the second most missed device for all adults.
In 2013, 43% of adults said they would miss the TV most, compared to just 20% who chose the mobile phone, a difference of 23 percentage points. Two years later, in 2015 that difference stands at just five percentage points.
When broken down by age, smartphones would be most missed by 16-24 year olds, at 59%, compared to just 2% of those aged 75+.
On average, smartphone users who have downloaded apps to their phone have 17 apps. Younger smartphone users with apps have an average of 19, compared to 13.5 for those aged 55+.
Men are more likely than women to have a greater number of apps on their phones (19 vs. 15.3 for women).
As would be expected, social networking and games feature highly for people aged 16-24, but what is interesting is the sort of services they use: 45% say they have downloaded a banking app, and 43% say they have downloaded a shopping app.
This is a clear indication that younger audiences expect services to be mobile and marketers should be responding in kind.
One significant feature of 2014 was the rapid uptake of 4G.
At the start of the year 15% of total subscriptions were 4G, by the end of the year it nearly doubled to 28%, and in 2015 it is expected to be higher yet again.
It is worth noting that not every 4G subscriber necessarily has a 4G capable phone, so the number of people actually using 4G services may be smaller than indicated.
However many people use 4G services, what is clear is that 4G is significant in how it changes smartphone usage. 4G users are typically much more intensive users, and much more attached to their devices. 62% of 4G users say they can't live without their smartphone device, compared to 42% of smartphone owners without 4G access.
4G users are also more likely to be able to live without other devices than smartphone owners without 4G access, indicating that they use their devices for a wide range of purposes.
4G users carry out online activities on their devices much more than those without 4G access. 55% of 4G users say they use their devices to make online purchases and to do online banking, against 35% and 33% of users without 4G, respectively.
There is significant uplift in data usage when an individual adopts 4G.
Key digital behaviours such as web browsing, streaming audio and visual content and social media usage all increase on 4G when compared to using 3G.
Perhaps the clearest indication of how important mobile is to us, is how 'hooked' we say we are to our devices.
Almost half of smartphone users (48%) claim high levels of attachment (7 or higher), which equates to 29% of all adults. This declines with age: three-fifths (61%) of smartphone users aged 16-24 claim they are 'hooked' on their mobile, compared to a third (32%) of those aged 55+.
The Ofcom Report gives the clearest indication that mobile is the primary digital device, and the trend becomes more pronounced the younger the audience.
The research also highlights how 4G is changing mobile usage, putting mobile use in line with more mature digital devices. The increase of mobile web browsing is of particular interest, as apps have tended to dominate time spent on mobile since the App Store was opened up to third-party apps.
Could we be seeing a resurgence of the mobile web with 4G? Whether through the mobile web or apps, the demand for services through mobile has never been greater, and is only set to increase.


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1MATCH URL: https://static.rappler.com/images/naia3-crop-000_Hkg773815.jpg
BI: Financial proof not requisite for travel abroad
Travelers will only be asked to present additional supporting documents if circumstances appear to be inconsistent with the declared purpose of the trips
RIGHT TO TRAVEL. The Bureau of Immigration clarified guidelines on the need to prove financial capability before being allowed to travel abroad. File photo by Jay Directo/AFP
MANILA, Philippines – The Bureau of Immigration (BI) clarified that showing proof of financial capacity is not a requirement for Filipinos who want to travel abroad, contrary to a news report.
A news report (not on Rappler) said the bureau will be requiring this of all Filipinos leaving the country, as a means to deter human trafficking and stem the flow of undocumented overseas Filipino workers (OFWs).
In a press release on Friday, March 14, BI Commissioner Siegfried Mison said those who have complete travel documents, such as a valid passport and tourist or working visas, are allowed to leave the country.
Travelers will only be asked to present additional supporting documents – including proof of financial capability to travel or proof of work or support in the Philippines – if it appears that the purpose for travel is inconsistent with what they have declared before immigration officials.
Mison said it is a common practice for Filipinos to travel as tourists and end up as undocumented workers abroad.
He also said the bureau is more stringent in screening those who fit certain "tourist worker profiles":
First time travellers who are going to destinations that are not popular among tourists
Tourists with no steady source of income in the Philippines and no benefactors in their country of destination
The BI though said its officials "assess the totality of the circumstances" to determine the passenger's true intent.
Guidelines since 2012
The bureau and the Inter-Agency Council against Trafficking (IACAT) created measures to protect Filipinos from illegal recruitment and human trafficking.
In deciding whether to allow individuals to leave the country, immigration officials refer to the "Guidelines on Departure Formalities for International Bound Passengers," which took effect January 2012.
The guidelines, which were approved by the Department of Justice, was formulated by a technical working group in accordance with Republic Act 9208 or the Anti Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003.
Mison said the implementation of the guidelines contributed to a decline in the incidents of human trafficking and illegal recruitment.
Under the guidelines, the bureau will automatically subject the following to secondary inspection:
Travelers without financial capacity to travel escorted/accompanied by a foreigner who is not related to them
Minor traveling alone or unaccompanied by either parent or legal guardian without the required travel clearance from the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
Previously repatriated irregular workers, in which case, travel may not be allowed without the clearance from the IACAT
Partners and spouses of foreign nationals intending to depart to meet and/or marry his/her fiancé without the CFO Guidance and Counseling Certificate
Passengers traveling to countries with existing deployment bans, alert levels, and travel advisories and those in possession of a visa to the said countries
Passengers who stayed abroad for more than one year during a previous departure from the country as a tourist/temporary visitor, intending to depart for the second and/or subsequent time
Based on the guidelines, travelers are categorized according to purpose, whether as tourists, OFWs, or immigrants. They will be required to present documents depending on their travel purposes to prevent being offloaded.
The BI said offloading, or barring passengers from leaving the country, is not an official government policy but a consequence of the implementation of the guidelines.
Mison added: "We don't offload people just because we want to. It's a bitter pill that we have to swallow because we want to protect our fellow Filipinos."
Section 6, Article III, of the 1987 Constitution guarantees Filipinos' right to travel, but it is not absolute. The Constitution states this right may be curtailed for the interest of national security, public safety, or public health. – Rappler.com
Filed under:Commissioner Siegfried Mison•Department of Justice•Filipino tourists•IACAT•Inter-Agency Council against Trafficking•OFWs•human trafficking•overseas Filipino workers•right to travel•tourist workers•travel•undocumented workers•Bureau of Immigration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Israeli and Palestinian leaders tried to advance the Middle East process during talks in Jerusalem Monday. We have more from Robert Berger at our VOA bureau in the Israeli capital.
Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert hosted Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas for three hours at his residence in Jerusalem. It was their first meeting since Mr. Abbas suspended peace talks five weeks ago in response to an Israeli military incursion in the Gaza Strip.
More than 120 Palestinians were killed in the offensive, about half of them militants and the rest civilians.
The two leaders agreed to put that episode behind them and get the peace process back on track.
"We are all committed to the goal of trying to reach a historic agreement with the Palestinians by the end of this year. That is the central focus," said Mark Regev, Mr. Olmert's spokesman.
But each side accused the other of failing to keep its commitments under the internationally backed "Roadmap" peace plan. Mr. Olmert charged that the Palestinians have not done enough to crack down on militant groups, while Mr. Abbas complained about Jewish-settlement expansion.
The United States and Palestinians say Israeli plans to build hundreds of new apartments in disputed East Jerusalem and the West Bank violates the roadmap which calls for a settlement freeze.
"At the end of the day, settlements and peace are two parallel tracks. Israel cannot have settlements and peace at the same time," said negotiator Saeb Erekat, speaking for the Palestinians.
Settlement expansion and daily Palestinian rocket attacks from Gaza have soured the atmosphere, putting the goal of a peace agreement by the end of the year in doubt.


Venmo, the P2P service owned by PayPal, took in more than $14 billion in payments volume during the second quarter of 2018, a 78 percent year-over-year increase. Company officials also seemed pleased with their efforts to introduce more revenue-attracting services to Venmo — a positive sign for the spread of P2P payments as a whole.
The Q2 earning season had already brought indications that consumers continue to warm to P2P, along with reasons for concern about the vulnerabilities of the payment method (see recent news about privacy on Venmo, for instance, or the challenges in reclaiming mistaken payments).
Venmo not only had new numbers to share — along with related comments from PayPal executives — but rival Zelle has released its latest figures, and there is a new general estimate that also helps describe their recent growth in P2P payments.
For Venmo, some of the numbers were less than detailed. That included questions about users — during the PayPal post-earnings conference call on Wednesday (July 25), CEO Dan Schulman told investors that Venmo's "net new actives hit another all-time record high in Q2," without going deeper.
Overall, P2P payments volume as a whole for PayPal — a figure that includes not only Venmo's $14 billion, but also transactions conducted via PayPal and Xoom, exceeded $50 billion in Q2, a 50 percent year-over-year increase. In the second quarter, P2P accounted for about 24 percent of total payment volume, Shulman said, up 21 percent from the same period last year.
PayPal hopes to spark more P2P growth, and via Venmo specifically, through various new deals and features. For instance, Venmo recently said it was getting into payment cards — specifically, a Mastercard-branded debit card. The aim, according to the company, is to enable consumers who use Venmo to spend their balances in more places. "We are quite pleased with the surge of initial demand for the Venmo card," Shulman said during the call, without offering specifics.
During the second quarter, PayPal added Uber and Uber Eats "to the list of major brands offering distinct Venmo buttons to their customers," he said, referring to the Pay with Venmo service, which debuted late last year and enables consumers to use their Venmo accounts to shop at two million-plus U.S. retailers that accept PayPal.
PayPal wants to further monetize Venmo via a new service that gives customers instant access to their funds for a small fee. So far, 17 percent of Venmo consumers have used the service, Shulman said.
Venmo will have an estimated 22.9 million U.S. users by year's end, behind Zelle's 27.4 million, according to a recent eMarketer projection. Both could benefit from the planned Aug. 31 closing of would-be rival Snapcash, the peer-to-peer payment service operated by Snapchat.
As for Zelle, it processed $28 billion worth of payments in the second quarter of 2018 (against $14 billion for Venmo), which was a 17 percent quarter-over-quarter increase (against Venmo's 50 percent increase), according to Zelle network operator Early Warning in a report issued on Thursday (July 26). About 100 million transactions were handled by Zelle in Q2.
Zelle began operations just more than a year ago, and has since processed 320 million transactions worth $94 billion. Another sign of Zelle's growth came earlier this month when Bank of America, when reporting its Q2 financials, said that Zelle P2P transactions reached 35.1 million, up 142 percent year-over-year.
"We believe we account for about 25 percent of Zelle, and this activity will continue to grow as the industry continues to drive this as our standard for P2P payments," said BoA CEO Brian Moynihan during a post-earnings conference call. That Q2 growth rate represents an acceleration from the first quarter's year-over-year growth rate of 131 percent, and helps to demonstrate that Zelle has started to scale, the bank said.
Another recent figure also could be cause for optimism for P2P backers, no matter what brand team they are on.
According to NACHA – The Electronic Payments Association, person-to-person transaction volume over the ACH network increased 24 percent year over year in the second quarter, to 29.4 million. During the same period, direct deposit for payroll and other consumer disbursements represented the largest number of transactions at close to 1.7 billion, which is a 4.2 percent increase. NACHA also said that close to 1.5 billion internet transactions were made, representing a 14.3 percent increase. Meanwhile, business-to-business (B2B) transactions totaled 889 million, up 8.6 percent.
P2P still has much growing up to do, and the battle for supremacy in that payments space is just getting started. But the signs coming out of the Q2 earnings season seem generally positive for P2P.


ISO/IEC 27001, part of the growing ISO/IEC 27000 series of standards, is an information security management system (ISMS) standard published in October 2005 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International E l e c t r o - technical Commission (IEC). Its full name is ISO/IEC 27001:2005 - Information technology —Security techniques—Information security management systems—Requirements but it is commonly known as "ISO 27001". Through various methods including group tasks, brainstorming, role plays and simulations, reflection exercises and interactive participation by students, the course will enable the students to plan, develop and report an internal audit of part of information security management system in accordance with ISO/IEC 27001 standard. The tutor will provide theoretical inputs where needed and emphasis will be on imparting applied knowledge in various situations, discussions of real life examples and students sharing their experiences with each other to enhance the learning experience. The course also provides an opportunity to the students for self assessment of their understanding of the information security audit process and techniques through progress tests.
Participants who will be able to finish the course will receive "Certificate of Completion".


From bringing in the Impractical Jokers, stars of the hit TruTV hidden-camera comedy show, to welcoming not only top 40 musical acts but also indie bands, venues are mixing up their theater lineups. It's all part of a concerted effort to attract new patrons who would likely otherwise never step foot inside a casino.
While Las Vegas has slowly begun working to appeal to the millennial demographic, it's the regional casinos that are leading the charge to book burgeoning acts. Treasure Island in Welch, Minnesota, some 40 miles southeast of Minneapolis, is betting on the marketing strategy to pay dividends.
Iggy Azalea, Rachel Platten, and Andy Grammer are just some of the names who have recently performed at Treasure Island.
Studies have recently demonstrated that the millennial isn't so interested in games of luck and chance. Unlike previous generations that found enjoyment from pulling the slot lever, the new wave of young adults apparently want more control over their betting outcomes.
That's given rise to skill-based gaming, a hybrid concept that combines chance with elements of physical or mental proficiency. The challenge, however, is that most gaming laws mandate that payout percentages be the same for one player to the next.
New Jersey and Nevada both recently issued regulatory framework for skill-based games, and Caesars unveiled the first betting machines at its Harrah's Casino in Atlantic City last November.
Casinos think once the young adult is inside the resort for the concert, they will be enticed to give gambling a try.
Not everyone agrees that the millennial should be so heavily marketed towards. The CEO of Penn National, a Pennsylvania-based casino operator that specializes in regional venues, says it's a flawed way of thinking.
"I'm of the belief that focusing in on millennials is not going to produce good economic results," CEO Tim Wilmott said last year. A glance at casino concert calendars around the nation seems to suggest that Wilmott is in the minority.
Though classic acts like ZZ Top, Sting, and Billy Crystal are booked at the new MGM National Harbor resort, the venue is also welcoming Korean pop stars Band of Brothers and alternative music act Panic at the Disco on marquee weekend nights.
At Foxwoods Casino in Connecticut, names like 34-year-old magician Michael Carbonaro and comedian Amy Schumer, as well as musical act Kesha, fills the calendar.
And at WinStar World Casino in Oklahoma, big names like Willie Nelson, Lynyrd Skynyrd, and Patti LaBelle are stopping by, but it's rapper Pitbull's show that's sold out.


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Saturday . July 20, 2019
J-League's Kawasaki Frontale stun Chelsea
Man United targets more signings in search for fast start
BMW picks insider Zipse as CEO to catch up with rivals
BMW and Tencent to open computing center in China for self-driving cars
Italian and Chinese majors vie for Pakistan's mega LNG tender
Kenya to launch Africa's biggest wind farm
Azizi chief believes Dubai demand will absorb coming housing supply
US-led coalition disowns air strike on Shiite mosque in Iraq
US-led coalition disowns air strike on Shiite mosque in Iraq /node/1001466/middle-east
Smoke rises at Daesh positions in the town of Naweran, near Mosul, Iraq, on Sunday. An air strike on a Shiite mosque outside of Mosul last Friday was reported to have killed 15 worshippers and wounded dozens more. (REUTERS/Azad Lashkari)
Updated 23 October 2016
BAGHDAD, Iraq: The US-led coalition on Sunday denied carrying out an air strike that killed 15 women at a Shiite place of worship in northern Iraq this week.
Russia pointed an accusatory finger at the coalition a day after Friday's incident, in which local officials said women at a shrine in the town of Daquq were killed by an air strike.
The coalition "has determined definitively that we did not conduct the airstrike w/reported civilian casualties in Daquq," spokesman Col. John Dorrian said on social media.
The local council chief and medics in Daquq, which lies south of Kirkuk and about 200 kilometers (120 miles) north of Baghdad, said the deadly incident was caused by an air raid.
If the coalition did not carry it out, the other aircraft most likely to have operated in the area are from the Iraqi air force or army aviation.
Neither have made any comment yet but the office of Iraqi Prime Minister Haider Al-Abadi said it ordered an investigation into the incident.
"The results will be announced as soon as it is completed," a statement said.
Turkish jets have also routinely conducted air strikes in Iraq but they usually target Kurdish rebel positions in areas far removed from Daquq.
Recent incidents and discoveries in workshops used by the Daesh group suggest the jihadists have been trying to develop weaponized drones.
The Conflict Armament Research group said it had documented earlier this year a drone manufactured by Daesh forces and used in the Daquq area but described it as "too light to carry explosives or other weapons."
Retired Lebanese soldiers in tense standoff with army during benefit cuts protest /node/1528066/middle-east
NAJIA HOUSSARI
Dressed in military uniforms, large numbers of veterans attempted to force their way through barricades set up to stop demonstrators reaching the city's parliament building where a final vote on a controversial draft austerity budget was taking place
The meeting to vote on the 2019 draft budget came after a marathon three days of discussions
BEIRUT: Retired Lebanese soldiers on Friday came close to clashing with the country's army when weeks of protests over planned benefit cuts reached boiling point in the capital Beirut.
Dressed in military uniforms, large numbers of veterans attempted to force their way through barricades set up to stop demonstrators reaching the city's parliament building where a final vote on a controversial draft austerity budget was taking place.
A military source told Arab News that the Lebanese army leadership had decided to block access to Najma Square, in Beirut's Central District, where Parliament members were sitting.
But former soldiers, joined by the parents of army martyrs and activists from the Sabaa and Communist parties, surrounded the building in nearby streets before attempting to push through barbed wire, concrete and metal barriers erected by the Lebanese army and the Internal Security Forces.
The protesters, waving Lebanese and army flags, got as far as the entrance to Maarad Street, on which Parliament is located, putting them in direct confrontation with the Lebanese troops.
Ten brigades of reinforcements were drafted in to help push back the veterans before protest leaders eased tensions by calling for a retreat to a nearby square to avoid any further clashes.
The meeting to vote on the 2019 draft budget came after a marathon three days of discussions. Before entering the parliamentary session, Lebanese Minister of Defense Elias Bou Saab said that "misleading the retired soldiers" would be "harmful to the image and demands of the protesters" and called on them to carry out "peaceful demonstrations." He added that there had been mixed and confused messages regarding benefit cuts.
However, retired Brig. Gen. Georges Nader had vowed that protesters would not back off until the vote on their benefits was dropped.
Discussing the protests in Parliament, Samy Gemayel, president of the Phalange party, objected to the reduction in the army budget, to which Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri said: "This has been concluded on the bases of an understanding with the army and the military establishment."
MP Paula Yacoubian said that "retired soldiers are trying to storm Parliament," to which Berri said: "Those who want to storm Parliament have not yet been born."
The row had centered on a controversial article concerning amendments to the country's income tax act, and Lebanese Finance Minister Ali Hassan Khalil insisted on defending it. He said: "It does not cost the retired soldiers, for instance, more than 3,000 Lebanese pounds ($2) per month. This amount rises to 400,000 pounds for brigadiers." He added: "Which country in the world gives a retiree 85 percent of his salary?"
After a meeting between the minister and Nader in Parliament, the retired brigadier general went out to reassure the veterans that cuts from their salaries in respect of medicine and income tax would be reduced. Less intense protests continued for more than three hours before Parliament approved the relevant article in the budget.
Meanwhile, Berri had started the Parliament session by reading a resignation submitted by Hezbollah MP Nawaf Musawi.
Topics: Lebanon benefits pensions
Crackdown on thousands of Syrian refugees with illegal jobs in Lebanon
Don't ruin summer, Lebanon tourism minister pleads after shootout


Among the many projects I managed to finish this weekend, were a couple of white spray paint transformations.
I wanted a cute chalkboard for my kitchen to use for grocery and shopping lists and had this image saved... It's a "menu" from Dry Bar, a salon in Brentwood serving only blowouts. I loved the intricate details all coated in white and the contrast with the black chalkboard.
I found an ornate black frame from Hobby Lobby on clearance in the damaged section a while ago.
Who looks at the side of a frame? Not me.
I gave the frame a coat of white satin spray paint. I was going to use some scrap drywall for the chalkboard, but ended up finding a spare 11x14 frame with glass so it was already the perfect size. I just gave the glass 2 coats of chalkboard spray paint and then placed it inside my frame with mirror hardware.
I can't wait to hang it in my kitchen!
The second white spray paint project was a huge ornate mirror the my Meemaw had in her house. It had been stored in our garage for years.
I hosed it off, primed with white primer, and gave it a coat of white gloss.
I'm going to lean it against a wall in our future cottage guest bedroom.
Little by little, I'm crossing things off my list. I can't wait to see all these bits and pieces pulled together!


Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - .
Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - ..
Wakan Hotel - Double or Twin Room (1-2 Adults) - ..
Wakan Hotel is located in Qiba Street, Al Madinah. It is only 5-minute drive from Al Masjid Al Nabawi, and 2-minute walk away from Quba Mosque, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz International Airport is 25 minutes by car. With its unique location, the furnished units own a comfortable furniture, Enjoy discovering Madina City by visiting the important landmarks such as: Ministry Of Environment, Water & Agriculture - Madina, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Aldar Hospital, and Askan Madina Al Munawara. It offers WIFI and private parking lot for your comfort.
When would you like to stay at Wakan Hotel?
The Room offers one double bed, and this room also offers mini bar, electric kettle,  and private bathroom. It is with an area of 30 square meters to spend a comfortable time.
Wakan Hotel - Double or Twin Room (1-2 Adults) - .
Wakan Hotel - Double or Twin Room (1-2 Adults) - Wakan Hotel - Double or Twin Room (1-2 Adults) - Wakan Hotel - Double or Twin Room (1-2 Adults) - ..
The suite includes two bedrooms, where the first room offers one double bed, and the second room offers three single beds, and this suite also offer living room, mini bar, seating area, electric kettle, and private bathroom. It is with an area of 70 square meters to spend a wonderful time.
Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - .
Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - Wakan Hotel - Two-Bedroom Suite - ..
Wakan Hotel contains convenient units of two types with total number of 33 rooms and suites, fully equipped with all sort of services and amenities such as: wardrobe, air conditioning, flat-screen TV, satellite channels, telephone, minibar and an electric kettle, and private bathroom with a bathtub or shower and free toiletries in every unit. The units have two types and sizes include: Double or Twin Room, and Two Bedroom Suites.


The item A chicken followed me home! : questions and answers about a familiar fowl, Robin Page represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Cuyahoga County Public Library.
A chicken followed me home!


text:
-{Blizzard of Ozz}- je prvi solo album hevi metal pevača Ozija Ozborna, snimljen 1980-te godine. Prvi put pušten u prodaju 20. septembra 1980-te godine. -{Blizzard of Ozz}- je još uvek najprodavaniji album Ozija Ozburna, prodan u više od 4 miliona primeraka samo u Sjedinjenim Državama.

Pesme
 Prva Strana
 "-{I Don't Know}-"-5:16
 "-{Crazy Train}-"-4:56
 "-{Goodbye to Romance}-"-5:36
 "-{Dee}-"-0:50
 "-{Suicide Solution}-"-4:21
 Druga Strana
 "-{Mr. Crowley}-"-4:55
 "-{No Bone Movies}-"-3:53
 "-{Revelation (Mother Earth)}-"-6:09
 "-{Steal Away (The Night)}-"-3:28
 Bonus Pesma 2002
 "-{You Lookin' at Me Lookin' at You}-"-4:16

Osoblje
 Ozi Ozborn - Glavni vokal
 Rendi Roads - Gitara
 Bob Dejzli - Bas
 Li Kerslejk - Bubnjevi

Dodatno osoblje
 Don Ajrej - Klavijatura
 Rudi Sarzi - Bass
 Tomi Aldridz - Bubnjevi

Produkcija
 Maks Norman - Inženjer
Albumi 1980.
Hevi metal albumi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Anasayfa/Tech/Flash verdict on Pegasus software that listens to everyone!
Flash verdict on Pegasus software that listens to everyone!
Israeli software company NSO Group could allegedly shut down its world-renowned spyware program Pegasus.
Pegasus is a spyware developed by the NSO Group, an Israeli company. Uploaded with just one message, this program allows access to all the information on the victim's phone without even hearing it. Therefore, it is among the software that is feared.
The NSO Group is considering shutting down Pegasus due to its recent troubles and problems with pegasus software. It is even alleged that the company will sell Pegasus.
NSO Group wants to shut down its Pegasus unit!
According to Bloomberg, the Israeli company is considering closing its Pegasus unit. After the unit closes, a sale is planned. NSO Groupis in talks with mutual funds to pay off the company's debts. It's alleged that major American mutual funds are considering buying the company and shutting down the software as soon as possible.
Under the company's refinanord option, investment firms could transfer up to $200 million and turn spyware into cybersecurity services or develop drone technologies based on the knowledge behind pegasus software, the report said.
In addition, pegasus covers about half of NSO Group's revenue, according to the report. The value of the NSO Group could fall significantly if Pegasus is closed or sold. Pegasus software is thought to have been used by the world's leading journalists, government officials and activists.
Earlier this year, India allegedly used the software by some journalists and even followed india's Minister of Electronics and Information Technology Ashwini Vaishnaw. These allegations have been referred to the court. The court formed a panel to consider these allegations and closely monitored the matter.
The company was added to the Asset Listby the United States in November. The U.S. government said in a statement that the NSO Group was placed on the Asset List for developing and supplying spyware to foreign governments that use government officials, journalists, businessmen, activists to maliciously target them.
Splinter Cell Remake, officially announced!
EU's stern warning to Russia: 'The price will be high'


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Reviving the Yukon River
The Yukon River is one of the largest and cleanest in North America, but it's far from pristine. In recognition of World Water Week the Beringia Interpretative Centre hosted a screening of We Live By the River.
Mar. 30, 2011 9:00 a.m.
The Yukon River is one of the largest and cleanest in North America, but it's far from pristine.
In recognition of World Water Week the Beringia Interpretative Centre hosted a screening of We Live By the River.
The film, produced with funds from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Yukon River Inter-tribal Watershed Council, chronicles the efforts of the grassroots indigenous environmental movement that is working to clean up the river basin.
"People started noticing people getting sick, lots of cancer especially," said Carl Sidney, who introduced the film.
Sidney worked on the watershed council since its inception 13 years ago, and currently sits on its executive.
"We just wanted to get it cleaned up," said Sidney. "We started with just 14 indigenous groups, but today it's over 70 strong.
Because the Yukon River never saw the intense industrialization that has degraded other watersheds, it is considered relatively clean.
When the film was shown in Hungary at a conference on the problems facing the Tisza Watershed, the images of the Yukon River brought many people to tears, said Sidney.
"They'd never seen clean water in their lives," he said. "They only heard stories about clean water."
While it may seem clean in comparison, a century of human settlement, mining and military activity has degraded the river.
The film documents the work that the council is doing in partnership with the US Geological Survey, to teach the local indigenous communities to scientifically monitor the health of the river, and deal with municipal problems like sewage treatment.
The Canadian side of the Yukon River is in much better shape than it is in Alaska, said Sidney, but there is still a lot of work to be done.
"There's a lot of military dump sites all over the place," he said. "We've identified them, now we're just going to dig them up."
Just how long that will take, and how much it will cost won't be known until it gets underway, said Sidney. And the Canadian government doesn't seem that interested in helping,.
"We hardly get anything from our government," he said. "I think it's because our water's considered pretty clean.
"But there are still these dump sites that need to be cleaned up."
After the screening Sidney had several people approach him and express their gratitude for the council's leadership in reviving the watershed.
Getting people to care about the health of the Yukon River isn't a tough sell, said Sidney.
"We all need water to live, we'd die without it. All these concerns are everybody's"
Paths to prosperity for all?


iTag Smart Wireless Tracker | Say Goodbye to Ever Losing Your Valuables. iTag & Track Them Instead!
As promised, we've shifted a significant portion of our focus and human capital to finding, researching, and bring new innovative products to our customers. Therefore, on a weekly bases, we'll feature one of our newly available innovative products. With this goal in mind, we brought to you the iTag Smart Wireless Tracker.
Have you ever lost track of your child in a crowded shopping mall or grocery story? Or lost your pet dog or cat? Or simply misplaced your home and/or car keys at the very moment you need them the most? Or losing your luggage or purse/wallet? Unfortunately, these are questions that we all can honestly answer yes to at least one, if not all of them. However, the solution to preventing these unfortunate mishaps in the future is here by way of this small smart gadget called an iTag Smart Wireless Tracker. As it's name suggest, this tiny, yet smart wireless device has the ability to track virtually anything it can be attached to, such as a child or adult with disability who's venerable of getting lost, a pet with a tendency to wonder off, a set of keys that seemingly loves getting misplaced, or that parked car that seems impossible to trace your steps back to after hours of shopping in a huge shopping complex.
The iTag Smart Wireless Tracker is our featured product of the week and we invite you to learn more about it by clicking HERE. Also, please share your feedback on this product with us by responding via email with any comments, questions, and/or concerns you may have regarding this product.


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†Partula bilineata was a species of air-breathing tropical land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Partulidae.

Distribution
This species was endemic to Taha'a, French Polynesia. It is now extinct.

References

Partula (gastropod)
Extinct gastropods
Taxa named by William Harper Pease
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Gastropods described in 1866


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Charts – 17 July 2020
Posted on Friday, July 17, 2020 by Paul in Music
I suppose we're coming out of lockdown season now – but this is another lockdown singles chart, in which not much would be happening if it weren't for a single major album release.
1. Jawsh 685 & Jason Derulo – "Savage Love (Laxed – Siren Beat)"
Three weeks. It needs one more week in order to match 2015's "Want to Want Me" as Derulo's longest-running number one.
"Head & Heart" by Joel Corry featuring MNEK climbs 15-3. That makes it the highest placed single for both artists. Both had previously peaked at number 4 – Corry with his previous single "Lonely", and MNEK with his debut hit "Ready for your Love" back in 2014.
9. Juice WRLD & Marshmello – "Come & Go"
11. Juice WRLD & Halsey – "Life's A Mess"
15. Juice WRLD – "Wishing Well"
Three tracks from the posthumous album "Legends Never Die", which enters the album chart at number 1. (For those unfamiliar with the chart rules, three tracks is the maximum, to prevent major album releases from swamping the singles chart.) Juice WRLD's highest placed album during his lifetime was last year's "Death Race for Love", which reached 12.
They're all tracks that have more-or-less proper videos to promote them, and lean heavily towards the pop mainstream. "Come and Go" has the high-profile guest, who tries his best to go big on the chorus. "Life's a Mess" also feels a bit like something that's been put together from recorded fragments, but the end result is rather good. And "Wishing Well" is a Dr Luke production. Considering their genesis, they're all much better tracks than you might have expected.
"Dancing in the Moonlight" by Jubel featuring Neimy climbs 26-22; "Go Crazy" by Chris Brown & Young Thug climbs 27-25; and "Whats Poppin" by Jack Harlow climbs 29-27.
30. D-Block Europe – "Plain Jane"
Nothing if not prolific, and still not doing anything for me.
Number 31 is "Heaven on my Mind" by Becky Hill & Sigala, climbing from 40.
39. M1llionz – "B1llionz"
It's his first hit, and he's a rapper from Birmingham. This is… not commercial. It's pretty irritating, to be honest. But there's something about it that makes me want to hear it again…
40. PS1 featuring Alex Hosking – "Fake Friends"
Another debut. PS1 is a DJ from New York, and Alex Hosking is an Australian singer. The video is yet another "hey, did you know social media influencers aren't 100% honest" number.
On the album chart… well, Juice WRLD is number 1.
2. The Streets – "None of Us is Getting Out of This Life Alive"
The first Streets album in 9 years. He had two number 1s in his 2004-6 commercial heyday, and he's never missed the top 10, but it's always reassuring to get a decent placing after such a long gap. And he's still good.
4. The DMA's – "The Glow"
Australian guitar band. It's their third album, their first to make the top 10.
Laura Marling's "Song for our Daughter" re-enters at number 6. It managed a week at number 22 in April on the basis of its digital release, but this is the result of the physical release. Whether there was any advantage in going for separate release dates seems doubtful.
23. Big Country – "Essential"
Not quite sure why we're getting another Big Country compilation, or why this one has got them into the album charts for the first time since 1996. Their highest-placed single was "Look Away", which reached number 7 in 1986, but I always preferred the eponymous one.
27. Rufus Wainwright – "Unfollow the Rules"
His first album of original material since 2012 – in the interim, he's done an opera and an album of Shakespearean sonnets.
« iWolverine 2020 #1 annotations
The Incomplete Wolverine, Part 3 »


WASHINGTON DC -- An Alzheimer's awareness advocate from Atlanta spent the month of July walking the distance between his city and the nation's capital to bring an important message to policy makers.
That distance is roughly 640 miles.
William Glass used his time on the road through the South and Mid Atlantic to talk with caregivers and medical professionals. He said those conversations only drove home the point that more education, funding and compassion are needed in the fight against a disease that zaps memories and eventually kills.
We'll have more on Glass' journey Thursday night in our weekly DCW50 Heroes segment on DCW50 News at 10.


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Q: Use Switch/Case Statement to build DF2, by Iterating Over Rows in DF1 I've loaded data from a tab deliminated file into a DF.  The Tab data is a form filled out with a template.
A critical concept is that a variable number of rows makes up one entry in the form.  In DF1 below, every time the index is "A", a new record is starting.  So the code will need to iterate through the rows to rebuild each record in DF2.  Each record will be represented as one row in DF2.
Based on the fact that each "A" row in DF1 starts a new form entry (and corresponding row in DF2), we can see in DF1 below there are just two entries in my example, and will be just two rows in DF2.  Also imortant: there are a different number of pieces of data (columns) in each row.  Z has 2 (then NAs), A has 3, B has 4.
All of this needs to be mapped to DF2 depending on the index letters Z, A, B (note there are more index letters but this is simplified for this example).
DF 1
-  A    B  C   D
Z xyz  5   NA  NA
A COA  aa  bb  NA
B RE   01  02  03
B DE   04  05  06
A COB  dd  ee  NA
B RE   01  02  03
B DE   04  05  06

In the past i've done this type of thing in VBA and would have used a CASE statement to transform the data.  I've found a good start using dictionaries in this thread:
Replacements for switch statement in Python?
One code example at the above thread suggests using a dictionary type case statement:
return{
    'a': 1,
    'b': 2,
}[x]

This seems like it would work although i'm not certain how to execute in practice.  In addition for each A, B, etc above, I need to output multiple instructions, depending on the index letter.  For the most part, the instructions are where to map in DF2.  For example, in my:
Index A:
Map column A to DF2.iloc[1]['B']
Map column B to DF2.iloc[1]['C']
Map column C to DF2.iloc[1]['D']
Index B:
Would have four instructions, similar to above.
DF2 would end up looking like so
-    A    B     C    D    E   F   G    H    I    J    K    L
1   xyz  COA   aa   bb   RE   01  02  03    DE   04   05   06
2   xyz  COB   dd   ee   RE   01  02  03    DE   04   05   06

So for each row in DF1, a different number of instructions is being performed depending on the "index letter."  All instructions are telling the code where to put the data in DF2. The mapping instruction for each different index letter will always be the same for the columns, only the row will be changing (some type of counter as you move from one record group to the next in DF2).
How can I handle the different number of instructions for each type of index letter in a switch/case type format?
Thank you

A: I think you can use:
#filter only 2,3 index rows
df1 = df[df.index.isin([2,3])].copy()
#create new column for same value if 2 in index
df1['new'] = np.where(df1.index == 2, 'Z', df1.A)
#create groups by compare 2
df1['g'] = (df1.index == 2).cumsum()
#convert columns to index and reshape, then change order
df1 = (df1.set_index(['g','new']).unstack()
          .swaplevel(0,1, axis=1)
          .sort_index(axis=1, ascending=[False, True]))
#default columns names
df1.columns = range(len(df1.columns))
print (df1)
     0   1   2   3  4   5   6    7  8    9  10  11
g
1  ABC  aa  bb  cc  R  01  02  NaN  D  NaN  03  04
2  DEF  dd  ee  ff  R  01  02  NaN  D  NaN  03  04

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


How many systems have you lurking around in your homeoffice? One or maybe two. I have to admit that i have three beside of my venerable Powerbook G4. But two of them are Macs and not really useful when you want to experiment with Solaris. But as "distributed systems" is one of my pet topics, i was in need of several systems. VMware was a major pain in the a... when it came to emulating 10 systems on my Opteron gear even when i upgraded it to 4 Gigabyte of memory.
As an example one of my "challenges" for this day: Only one home user system in reach and i want to test out a Grid Engine configuration before sending it to a customer. This is exactly an use case for Solaris Zones. In almost no time i was able to fire up 3 Solaris Zones (the longest part was waiting for the installation), installed the N1 Grid Engine in the three zones and made my test runs. Made some debugging. Job done. This is the way technology should work.
(Deutsche Version des Artikels im Solarium.


Capri Sun teamed up with Adrian Mueller to execute their global 2018 brand campaign and new packaging initiative. Each variety of drink required its own image series, which necessitated dedicated water explosion, tornado, wave and splash rigs.
Makoto Aoki and his expert team at SWELL Inc. collaborated with Adrian on the design and production of all water rigs for the Organic Juice, 100% Juice, Fruit & Veggie Blends, Fruit Refreshers and Roarin' Waters brand varieties.
Expertly lit with high-speed strobes and laser triggering systems, Adrian and his team of food stylists, riggers, on-set retouchers and techs delivered 45 creative and visually stunning images. 16 days of shooting at Noho Productions left the tarps drenched and the client happy.
Known for his precise still life and liquids work, as well as his evocative food photography, Adrian has been working with ad agencies worldwide for the last 18 years.


text:
Home Uncategorized Drew Brees: Adversity key to building inner-strength for leadership – Greater Baton...
Drew Brees: Adversity key to building inner-strength for leadership – Greater Baton Rouge Business Report
Retired NFL quarterback Drew Brees says he has always been a positive person, so much so that his New Orleans Saints teammates used to call him "annoyingly optimistic." Perhaps that's why the 2010 Super Bowl champion turned broadcaster and businessman sees adversity as a way for leaders to build their inner strength and mental toughness rather than as something to fear.
"You are going to have all types of adversity, you're going to have all types of moments and circumstances where all of a sudden it feels like you're off course (and) going in a direction that you and your team did not expect," Brees says. "And yet you have to be the calm hand that steers the ship."
Brees shared his thoughts on teamwork in football and in business in the January episode of the 21st Century Business Forum, a webcast featuring monthly one-on-one interviews with some of the nation's most prominent business minds and thought leaders.
Brees says mental toughness is the second of three skills needed to be a great quarterback and a great CEO, too. The first skill "very simply put is the ability to motivate and inspire" others, he says.
"By motivating and inspiring, you are bringing out the best in those around you," Brees says.
Styles can vary, but the most important thing a leader can do "is showing people how much you care" about them. In his case, Brees says, it is letting people know each day "the gratitude I have for them in the role that they play within the team framework."
The third skill of a great team leader is displaying character and accountability.
When the world is going well, the leader should deflect the credit to the team and its members, the future Hall of Famer says.
"When things aren't going good and you receive all the criticism, man, you've got to shoulder it, you've got to take on that burden," Brees says.
When those around you see you take on that accountability, "it takes pressure off them and makes them want to work harder to achieve the ultimate goal, with you and for you."
Though the 42-year-old Brees retired from football only last year, he already had his hands involved in the business world as co-owner of the 15-location Surge Adventure Parks and through franchise investments in the Dunkin', Jimmy John's and Walk-On's Sports Bistreaux chains.
Brees says he uses three criteria to determine where to invest his time, energy and money.
The first is authenticity.
"Do I love this product, do I love this segment of the market, do I love this aspect of business?"
The second is fellowship and relationships.
"That's where you start looking at who are those in positions of leadership within the company and (ask), 'Do you share the morals, do you share the values, do you share the same vision for where the company is looking to go and how it's going to grow?'"
The third is curiosity, which Brees defines as learning more about a particular opportunity and "whether I can add value to help the business grow."
The Business Forum is presented by Business Report and sponsored by East Baton Rouge Parish Library and Home Bank.
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text:
System Performance Considerations – Interior
Interior Systems - Fire Resistance
Interior Systems - Acoustical Performance
Interior Systems - Details
System Performance Considerations – Exterior
Exterior System Details - EIFS
Exterior System Details - General
Exterior Systems - Fire Performance
Exterior System Details - Stucco
Interior Ceilings Photo Gallery
Novartis Oncology Consolidation Project - BLDG 3
Scheie Eye Institute
USPS Library
Urban Outfitter Building #14
Interior Partitions Photo Gallery
Fairmont Banff Springs Hotel
Realogy Holdings Corp
Philadelphia University DEC Center
The Nathaniel Center
West King Chapel
Exterior Photo Gallery
Jack & Margaret Myers Senior Housing
Exterior CFS Systems
Exterior System Components
Exterior Side Finishing
Exterior Framing
Water Resistive & Air Barriers
Interior CFS Systems
Interior System Components
Interior Framing
Construction Joints
Contractor Knowledge
Contractor Field Experience
Contractor Source
CAD Detail Library
Exterior Structural CAD Detail Library
Interior Structural CAD Detail Library
Nonstructural CAD Detail Library
Curtain Wall CAD Detail Library
Codes and Regulations
Building Science Corner
Architectural System Specification Guide - Interior
Moisture Migration
Exterior Envelope Components
Home » Technical Resources » Building Science Corner
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There are four different fire resistive tests that cover wall system design. The main and oldest of the four tests is known as ASTM E119 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials. The next two tests concern penetrations and construction joints in a fire resistive wall. The fire test on penetrations is ASTM E814 Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Penetration Firestop Systems. Construction joints between fire resistive walls are evaluated under ASTM E1966 Standard Test Method for Fire-Resistive Joint Systems. The fourth test was especially developed for exterior walls. Its intent is to measure the impact of foam plastics when used in an exterior wall that will be used on an otherwise non-combustible wall.
ASTM E119 is designed to gauge the ability of various construction elements to maintain their structural integrity while holding a fire to its location of origin. The test procedure covers walls, floors, roofs, beams, and columns. A building element such as a wall is subjected to controlled fire on one side. The wall must not exceed specific temperatures on the surface on the other side. It is meant to measure heat transfer and the transmission of hot gases through the wall itself. If the wall or building element is to be load-bearing, the test will evaluate the wall's ability to maintain its structural capacity under test conditions (elevated temperatures). The application of a standard fire hose stream may be applied after the fire portion to determine structural integrity.
The test is designed for comparative purposes only. It provides data to illustrate how one type of wall performs compared to another. It is not meant to predict a tested wall's performance in the event of an actual fire. Also, the test does not provide information as to how the element will perform in sizes other than what was tested. It does not evaluate smoke migration or toxicity. The test only considers elements isolated from the rest of the structure. It does not look at, for example, the intersection of a wall and a floor assembly.
The wall size for a fire test is a nominal 10 foot X 10 foot, or 100 square feet. The wall is built within a steel/concrete frame and then placed in front of the furnace itself. Installation is done in such a way that one side of the partition will be exposed to the fire, and the other side is not. The temperature on the exposed side is closely monitored and controlled. There is a recognized time-temperature curve shown here that must be followed. The temperature within the furnace increases at a very rapid pace, then tapers off with time. Within the first five minutes the temperature will reach be 1000oF, while after 2 hours the temperature will be 2000oF.
This picture shows the wall to be tested clamped in front of the furnace. Under the nine gray squares are heat measuring devices called thermocouples. The thermocouples are used to measure the unexposed side of the wall. During the test the average temperature at the nine locations cannot exceed 250oF plus ambient (the temperature in the room when the test is started). Also, no single temperature can exceed 325oF plus ambient. The picture on the left is a wall in the middle of a test. You will notice that there appears to be smoke rising from the test specimen. When that is seen, a lab technician is to place what is called "cotton waste" at the location where the smoke is emanating from. Should the cotton char, that indicates the presence of hot gases escaping, and the test is terminated. If the wall system includes gypsum panels, there is a very good chance that what appears to be smoke is simply steam. Gypsum contains chemically combined water that is released as steam at elevated temperatures.
The final part of the test is what is called a hose stream test. Essentially the wall system is rebuilt and fire tested for half the time, but not to exceed one hour, for the intended rating. For example, one hour retest if a two hour wall is to be the desired rating. Immediately after the one hour exposure, the wall is removed from the face of the furnace and subjected to a hose stream of water. This hose stream must be from a 2-1/2 inch hose with a National Standard playpipe nozzle with a 1-1/8 inch tip. This hose stream will be shot from a distance of 20 feet. The duration of the hose stream test will vary with the intended fire rating. For example, a two hour fire rating requires a 2-1/2 minute hose stream exposure, while the one hour fire rating requires a one minute hose stream exposure. To pass this portion of the test, no water can protrude beyond the plane of the wall.
The following links are suggested for more information:
National Gypsum Company
Gypsum Association
Steel Framing Alliance
Fire Stops
The previously described test protocol only evaluates the fire resistive performance of building elements such as walls. It is logical to assume that this performance is greatly reduced if there are any penetrations through the wall. There is a specific test procedure for evaluating penetrations. The material that is used to "seal" the penetration is called a "fire stop". Fire stops should be considered as a system, for in many cases there are several constituents that make up the fire stop. ASTM E814 is the recognized test to evaluate the performance of fire stop systems.
The test follows the same concept as ASTM E119. It uses the same "time-temperature curve" as a control and has a requirement for a hose stream test. The picture shown here is of a hose stream test on a wall specimen that contains several through-penetrations. A fire stop system is specific to the materials in the fire stop, the manner they are installed, the size of hole they fill, and the make-up of the wall or floor in which they are tested. Based on the outcome of the ASTM E814 test, a fire stop system is given two ratings. The first is an "F" rating which indicates, in time, the appearance of flame on the side opposite the fire exposed side. The second is a "T" rating which measures heat transfer in time through the fire stop.
The fire stop test is limited only to walls and floors that have already been tested according to ASTM E119. As with ASTM E119, the test is not intended to predict performance in an actual fire. Also similar to ASTM E119 the test does not evaluate serviceability after a fire test or event.
The following sites are offered for more information:
Fire Contractors International Association
The International Firestop Council
Head-Of-Wall Fire Resistance
The next type of fire testing looks at how various building elements interface. ASTM E119 is only concerned with individual, isolated building elements. ASTM E 1966 is used to analyze the fire performance at the interface of adjacent fire resistive assemblies. Similar to ASTM E814, this test starts with the same principals as ASTM E119. It shares same time-temperature curve and the same requirements for fire exposure and hose stream. This test evaluates what is termed as a "joint system". A joint system is a combination of materials that are designed and installed at the interface of two hourly rated (ASTM E119) building elements. The test analyzes the effect of building movement on the ability of a joint system to contain a fire during a predetermined time exposure. The load-bearing capacity of the joint is evaluated as well as the ability of the joint system to impede the passage of flame (heat) and hot gases.
Building officials became concerned with the proliferation of foam plastics in exterior walls that were being used in otherwise non-combustible buildings. Their concern was how the plastic would affect the vertical spread of a fire up the exterior face of a building. To analyze this impact, NFPA 285: Standard Fire Test Method for Evaluation of Fire Propagation Characteristics of Exterior Non-Load Bearing Wall Assemblies Containing Combustible Components was drafted. The test calls for a 2-story twenty-four foot tall assembly to be exposed to fire. Each floor is twelve feet tall. During the test, flame spread up the face of the wall is observed. Horizontal flame spread is also evaluated. Flame spread within the cavity of the wall and the inside face of the wall is also measured. A very unique aspect of this test is that it requires fire exposure on both sides of the wall. All the wall panel tests look at fire exposure on one side only, and also measure heat transfer through the walls.
Exterior walls contain windows, and windows are easily breached at elevated temperatures. Glass cannot withstand high temperatures; they will break and fall out in a fire event. When this occurs, the wall is exposed to fire on both sides. This is of critical concern when considering how a wall assembly can contain fire to its floor of origin. The photograph at the left clearly shows the impact that a breached window has on fire containment. This is the unexposed side of the wall and the flames are on what would be the exterior side of a building.
Acoustics in wall system design is important. A special concern is sound transmission loss through the wall. This leads to determining a wall's Sound Transmission Classification, STC. The laboratory test method for obtaining this classification is ASTM E90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and Elements. Similar to ASTM E119, this test is best used in comparing the performance of different wall systems. It is not intended to predict in-place acoustical performance. Also, as in E119, the wall to be tested is isolated from adjacent systems and the building structure itself. This is important for determining acoustical performance. What are called flanking paths are those paths that allow sound to bypass the wall thus effectively reducing the acoustical performance. Examples of flanking paths are where the wall interfaces structure, placement of doors, and even electrical outlet boxes. The result of not including flanking paths in laboratory test is that the values obtained from a laboratory reflect a "best case" scenario.
The systems that are considered in ASTM E90 include walls, floor-ceilings assemblies, doors, and roofs. Sound travels throughout a building in two ways. The first is sound that travels through the air and is called "airborne." The second is sound that travels through the structure itself and is called "structure borne." ASTM E90 only evaluates airborne sound. In the test sound is generated at 16 specific frequencies, starting at 125 hz, or cycles per second and ending at 4000 hz. At each tested frequency the amount of energy is measured in the receiving room is measured. The difference is called the transmission loss, and it is graphically tabulated. When all frequencies have been tabulated and plotted, the STC value can then be graphically determined.
The graph depicted here is a plot of the individual transmission loss values (TL) at specific frequencies taken from an ASTM E90 test. The solid black line is the actual test results. The red line is called the STC contour curve and it is defined within the ASTM standard. The red line is graphically manipulated over the black line until certain ASTM placement requirements are met. Then a vertical line (purple in this case) is drawn vertically up from 500 Hz. The resulting intersection is then the STC value of the tested assembly, a 39 in this case. Some interesting observations can be made from this graph. The first is that the TL is different at each frequency. That implies that the attenuation is not uniform across the frequencies tested. A wall may respond very well at one frequency, and poorly at another. A more important point is that two walls with the same STC may behave very differently at the same frequency. Because of this phenomenon it is well advised to discuss critical conditions with a recognized acoustical engineer.
Another observation is that the tested system appears to let more sound energy through at lower frequencies. This is true for most panel assemblies. Mass is a key factor for reducing sound transmission, especially at low frequencies. Many systems can be acoustically transparent at very low frequencies. The range of frequencies that is evaluated in ASTM E90 coincides with the range of human speech. If the sound source that a designer is trying to control is mechanical or musical where low frequencies are common the STC value alone may not be sufficient. Again, it is recommended enlisting the services of a recognized acoustical engineer.
Structural borne sound is evaluated in floor–ceiling systems. For example, the system must impede the transmission of foot traffic from the upper floor to the lower ceiling. The concept of the test is similar to ASTM E90 in that there is a sound source on one side of the system and the sound levels in the receiving room are measured. The difference is that the sound source is a mechanical tapping device that is placed directly on top of the finished floor. The test method that is used is ASTM E492 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine. The result of the test is the system's Impact Isolation Classification (IIC). The IIC is a single number rating system similar to STC, in that the higher the IIC value the better the system is in controlling structure borne sound.
Beyond the scope of this discussion are the other areas of architectural acoustics. Concepts such as sound reflectivity or how sound waves "bounce off" hard surfaces within a given space can have a significant impact on how well a room performs. This reflectivity leads to reverberation, which is how long sound "lingers" within the space. A little reverberation enhances a space, too much reverberation detracts. This reverberation can be controlled through the use of materials that are strategically placed to reflect sound, and other materials are also placed in the space to absorb sound. This type of design is best handled by a qualified acoustical engineer.
For information on specific assemblies the following sources are suggested:
Heat transfer is a function of the thermal resistance of the materials that make up the building thermal envelope. The International Energy Conservation Code (2012) defines the building thermal envelope as "The basement walls, exterior walls, floor, roof, and any other building elements that enclose conditioned space or provides a boundary between conditioned space and exempt or unconditioned space." These individual resistance values (R-Values) are mathematically combined to predict the performance of the assembly.
Heat is a form of energy and is defined as the relative motion of the molecules of a given material. The hotter the material is, the faster the molecules are moving. This heat is measured in British thermal units, or Btu. A single Btu is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise one pound of water from 63o to 64oF.
There is a directionality to heat transfer. Heat always flows to colder temperatures. From the building envelope standpoint, this means that during winter the heat of the interior space is flowing to the exterior, and conversely in the summer, the warm air on the exterior of the building is flowing to the interior. There are three methods for this heat transfer. They are convection, conduction, and radiation. This paper will primarily discuss conduction.
All common building materials will conduct heat. Therefore, each building material has a coefficient of conductance (k) value that predicts the amount of energy that the material will conduct. The units for this coefficient are Btu per hour, per square foot of material, per inch thickness of material, per degree Fahrenheit. The total heat that will pass through an assembly (the combination of individual building materials each with its own coefficient of conductance) is termed the "coefficient of heat transmission." This value is expressed as Btu per hour, per square foot, per the degree Fahrenheit temperature difference between the air on one side of the assembly to the air on the other. This value is called a "U" value of the assembly. "Thermal resistance" of a material or assembly is the more common term that is used. Mathematically the thermal resistance, "R," of a material is the reciprocal of its heat transfer coefficient, which is 1/k, 1/C, 1/U. The higher the "R-value" of a material is the greater its resistance to the transfer of heat.
The above is taken from Navigating Uncharted Waters: Understanding the Energy Codes and
How They Impact the Role of the Contractor. (A research paper prepared for The Foundation of Wall and Ceiling Industry).
For more information go to http://store.awci.org/cgi-bin/awci
One of the more important factors in the design of the exterior envelope is controlling water migration through the walls, the roof, and the foundation. Water-resistive membranes, flashing, and sealants are typically used to control water in its liquid state. Water in its vapor state can be a little more challenging, and is a natural occurrence in the air we breathe. The common term is "humidity." Building materials can either allow or resist the passage of water vapor through them. They all have what is termed a "perm rating," or a rate in which they allow vapor transmission. Similar to how heat flows from hot to cold, moisture travels from areas of high vapor pressure (high humidity) to areas of low vapor pressure. In a very real sense, water is driven through an exterior wall from the hot moist outside air to the relatively cool dry inside air. At the same time as the vapor is migrating through the wall the temperature is dropping through the existence of insulation. In a poorly designed or erected wall the temperature can drop to what is called the "dew point," which is where the water will convert to its liquid state, similar to beads of water on a cold soda can. If this condensation occurs inside the stud cavity it will have catastrophic consequences. Therefore a good exterior envelope design includes a dew point analysis, and attention to detail in the construction phase is equally critical.
The above is taken from Navigating Uncharted Waters: Understanding the Energy Codes and How They Impact the Role of the Contractor. (A research paper prepared for The Foundation of Wall and Ceiling Industry).
Expanding on the concept of the water resistive membrane for exterior applications the current International Building Code (2009) calls for a Water Resistive Barrier to be installed behind the exterior veneer (see Section 1403.2). In the case of a framed exterior wall the idea is to restrict the potential for water entering the stud cavity. The code further interprets the water resistive barrier to be #15 building paper or equivalent. Some recognized barriers are 1. Asphalt saturated papers and felts that meet ASTM D226 Standard Specification for Asphalt Saturated Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing Type I, 2. Polymeric sheets, 3. Fluid applied barriers, and 4. Rigid board barriers. The proper design of a water barrier must include flashing, weeps, and a drainage system to allow for any water in its liquid state to exit from the exterior wall.
The Tile Council of North America (TCNA) provides guidance in what is termed "membranes" in tile applications. These membranes are used in either interior or exterior applications. In the 2013 Edition of the TCNA Handbook for Ceramic, Glass, and Stone Tile Applications there are definitions of the various types of membranes and where they should be used in interior, exterior, wall and floor applications that call for a tile finish. The "Membrane Selection Guide" defines cleavage membranes, vapor retarder membranes, waterproof membranes, and low perm waterproof membranes as they relate to moisture control within tile installations. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard that covers these materials is ANSI A118.10 Load Bearing, Bonded, Waterproof Membranes for Thin-Set Tile and Dimensional Stone Installation.
The ASTM Standard that applies to vapor permeance is E96 Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials. There are two methods in which permeability is measured. In the first method the sample to be tested is installed tightly to a cup that has a desiccant (a material that absorbs water). This cup is this placed in a controlled environment where the temperature (73oF) and Relative Humidity (50% RH) is maintained. In the second method the sample to be tested is installed over a cup of liquid water, and then placed in the same controlled environment. In both cases, the permeability of the tested material is then obtained by the rate of change found in the sample's mass.
Another important test for building materials is a test that measures the amount moisture that a material will absorb. Long term moisture absorption in a material can be bad for it may cause degradation of the material itself, or the materials adjacent to it. In some cases, such as moisture migration through an exterior wall system, having a material in place that absorbs water in the system may be good. This material can help lessen the potential for the development of a dew point and subsequent condensation in a stud cavity. A common water absorption test for gypsum panels is found in ASTM C473 Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products. In this test a sample panel is immersed in water for a period of time, 2 days, and the percentage increase in weight is measured.
Also, for more information go to Building Science Corp.: http://www.buildingscience.com/doctypes/digests
Framing members are typically spaced at 16 or 24 inches on center, with spacing variations lower and higher depending upon the loads and coverings. Wall members are typically vertical lipped channel "stud" members, which fit into channel "track" sections at the top and bottom. The sketches to the right depict the common stud, joist, and track profiles. The track sections are typically fastened to a concrete deck with power driven fasteners. The photograph to the right shows a track attached to a concrete deck. In the track a stud has been installed. In structural applications the stud must be mechanically attached to the framing. In non-structural applications the stud is not attached to the track.
In structural applications, headers are installed over any openings such as doors and windows. There are several options to be considered with the one shown at the left as a "boxed header." This is where C-Stud/Joists members are installed with the open side facing each other. The number of C-Stud/Joist members, their steel thickness, and depth of the member will vary with the openings that they must span.
In multi-floor applications it is important that all the wall framing studs align vertically, thus creating a continuous load path from roof to foundation. Notice in the photograph on the right how all the studs are installed from one floor to the next on top of each other. To resist rotation of the studs, lateral bracing is used. This is typically done with channel bracing that is installed in the cavity of the wall by running the channels through the convenience holes located in the web of the C-Stud member. In non-structural applications gypsum panels provide the required bracing.
The photograph on the left illustrates how the lateral bracing should be installed. The cold-rolled steel channel is running horizontally in the cavity of the wall. It runs through a punch-out in each stud. There is a small clip angle that is used to mechanically attach the channel to the stud.
Lateral bracing is one option for accommodating wind bracing or "shear walls." Unlike the bracing described above, which runs horizontally, this bracing is installed in an "X" configuration. Other options include proprietary panels. In mid-rise construction, the exterior wall framing is usually installed in a "balloon" framing configuration. This is where the exterior wall framing runs continuous by the floor framing. This is detailed in the Exterior Systems Details of this site.
Floor Framing
Similar configurations are used for both floor joist and rafter assemblies, but in a horizontal application for floors, and a horizontal or sloped application for roof framing. Accessories of the framing system include fasteners and connectors, braces and bracing, clips and connectors. The photograph at the right illustrates a floor joist (C-Stud/Joist profile) installed directly over a load-bearing stud. A track section is used to cap the joists and tie them altogether. This is an example of platform framing that is the framing of choice for low-rise conditions. In the photograph below, there are web-stiffeners installed where the joists bear on the wall framing. Another way to do the floor framing is to use a steel floor truss that is made up of C-Stud/Joist members. There are many available truss manufacturers that design and fabricate trusses.
There are several options of floor systems that can be used over the joists. Plywood is common for combustible construction. In non-combustible applications, one can use precast concrete, poured-in-place concrete, non-combustible panels, or corrugated steel deck (minimum 22 gauge) and a cementitious topping. The two photographs to the right show a corrugated steel deck (shown from below) and a mechanic pouring the topping over the deck.
Roof framing members can either be C-Stud/Joists installed in a common rafter style or trusses can be fabricated using C-Stud/Joist members. As with floor truss systems, there are many local fabricators available that design, build, and supply the trusses. The three photographs to the right show both types of framing. The crane in the center photograph illustrates how panelization of framing systems can be used to facilitate installation. Panelization offers many benefits such as reducing the construction schedule and increasing quality control over conventional built-in-place techniques.
For more information go to: http://sfia.info/technical-information
Non-Structural Framing-Limiting Heights
The strength and stiffness of any cold-formed steel framing member is determined by three things. They are the thickness of the steel, the material properties of the steel, and finally the geometric properties provided by the framing member's profile.
Material thickness: Cold-formed steel is formed from relatively thin sheets of steel. The chart shown here is taken from the Steel Framing Industry Association's Technical Guide, and provides the basic thicknesses that are available. The steel is measured in "mil" thickness therefore the basic interior non-loadbearing stud is 18 mils. The minimum thickness of the steel, measured in inches is 0.0179 inch. This is the thickness of the steel itself without a protective coating. The roll-forming process in steel does not provide a uniform thickness of steel within what is termed a coil of steel. The coil as shown here arrives at a framing fabricator facility ready to be slit and formed into individual stud, joist, or track profiles. The thickness of steel will vary within this coil. To accommodate this variance, the thickness 0.0179 inches represents the minimum thickness acceptable. There is a note on the bottom of the table that states "Minimum thickness represents 95% of the design thickness and is the minimum acceptable thickness delivered to the jobsite based upon Section A2.4 of the AISI S100-07 Specification."
Material properties: Steel is considered a ductile or elastic material. Therefore an important material property to consider when designing with cold-formed steel framing members is steel's yield strength. Steel will deform under an applied tensile load. When that load or stress is released, the steel will return to its original shape. At some load level the steel will not return to its normal shape and permanent deformation will occur. Yield strength is then defined as that threshold stress where permanent deformation occurs in an otherwise ductile material. This is a critical factor when designing in cold-formed steel framing, and is measured in pounds per square inch. Because the value can be fairly high the values are published where "1 kip" equals 1000 pounds. Common yield strengths used in cold-formed steel framing are 33 ksi (kips per square inch) and 50 ksi.
Geometric Properties: The bending of a flat sheet of steel increases its ability to withstand an applied load. Consider that a flat piece of paper cannot stand up, yet it can when folded in half. Therefore the final profile of a cold-formed steel member is equally important. The two most important geometric, or "section" properties to consider is a profile's "Moment of Inertia" with the units of inches to the fourth, and "Section Modulus." The units of Section Modulus are inches to the third power. The moment of inertia, symbolized as Ix, predicts a profile's stiffness or ability to resist deflection. The deeper a member, the more it can resist deflection. A 6" deep stud is stiffer than a stud that is 1-5/8" deep. The section modulus, symbolized as Sx predicts a profile's strength. It determines, along with the steel yield strength how much load a profile can take until ultimate failure. A final geometric consideration of a profile is its web depth. As the web of a stud gets larger so does the potential for web buckling. This is a factor when analyzing end reaction and shear capacity. The SFIA Technical Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Products provides the section properties for all the profiles.
Lateral load on interior partitions: For many years the accepted design load for interior partitions was 15 psf. It was based on the assumption of loads imparted on an interior partition as a result of an open window. This requirement was based on work done in the 1940s by the Building Research Advisory Board (BRAB). This board was part of the National Research Council. In 1967 a code change was approved by ICBO (International Council of Building Officials) for the Uniform Building Code to reduce the load to 5 psf. This change was based on work done by Wiss, Janny & Elstner that was commissioned by the Gypsum Association. A 5 psf uniform load is still the design load and referenced in both the Gypsum Association GA 600 Fire Resistance Design Manual and ASTM C754 Standard Specification for Installation of Steel Framing Members to Receive Screw-Attached Gypsum Panel Products.
Limiting heights tables: The height table here provides the designer with information of how tall a wall can be designed with a given non-structural stud. The table is taken from the Steel Framing Industry Association's published Technical Guide for Cold-Formed Steel Products. The tables are based on a uniform lateral load only. It is not meant for when the framing member must have the capacity for loadbearing (axial load) conditions. Other tables in the guide provide information on combined lateral and axial loads. The table evaluates each standard stud profile at 12, 16, and 24 inches on center. It also limits deflection (a function of the profiles moment of inertia) to l/120, 1/240, and l/360. Deflection should be determined based on the intended finish in order to limit the potential for that finish material to crack. The table also looks at heights limited by bending stress and end reaction shear (web buckling). Bending stress is measured by the yield strength of the steel and the profiles section modulus.
These wall heights are determined by tests following the procedures required by AC86 - Acceptance Criteria for Determining Limiting Height of Composite Walls Constructed of Gypsum and Steel Studs. This procedure was established by the International Code Congress – Evaluation Services, ICC-ES.
The tables published today by the SFIA for interior non-load bearing partitions only evaluate heights based on the stud properties alone, or are labeled as "non-composite." Gypsum panels installed on both sides of a partition effectively stiffen the wall. This contribution is recognized in "composite" tables. What is important to understand is that the test procedure for determining composite wall heights requires that the panels are fastened around the perimeter of the partition. That means that the composite tables are not to be used when the gypsum panels stop above a suspended ceiling and the studs are not covered from that elevation up to structure. For that reason, some manufacturers have tested and published values for that condition. This is called "fully braced" and assumes lateral bracing is provided by other means above the plane of the ceiling.
About AWCI Technology Center


HomeCultureWill GOP Wilt If Educated Women Leave?
November 24, 2018 Puma ByDesign Culture, Government, Politics, Social Issues Comments Off on Will GOP Wilt If Educated Women Leave?
There is nothing that Progressives can say to guilt trip and shame women out of supporting Republicans or President Donald J. Trump. They need only to look within their own party to figure out why.
College-educated women — offended by Trump, outraged by Kavanaugh, and clinging to abortion rights — are leaving the GOP, and Republicans don't seem to have a plan to stem the tide. Bill Whittle Now brings the message he thinks will persuade them to stay and fight.


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Russian Heavy-lift Rocket Defective
Angara-5A heavy-lift rocket (Image: Russian MoD)
The engines of Russia's new flagship heavy-lift space rocket, Angara A5, have a defect that can ultimately destroy the rocket itself, according to a paper published by scientists at rocket engine manufacturer Energomash.
The paper, reported by RIA news agency on Friday,said the engines of the Angara A5 could produce low frequency oscillations that could ultimately destroy the rocket, Japan Times reported Saturday.
The Angara A5, which was test-launched in 2014, is being developed to replace the Proton M as Russia's heavy-lift rocket, capable of carrying payloads bigger than 20 tons into orbit. A launch pad for the new rocket is due to open in 2021.
A special valve had been fitted to mitigate the issue, but in some cases the oscillations continued, it said.
Russia's space program has been dogged by mishaps in recent years, including failed cargo delivery missions into space and the aborted launch in October of the manned Soyuz mission to the International Space Station.
Russia's current heavy-lift rocket, the Proton M, has had a nearly 10 percent failure rate in more than 100 launches since it entered service in 2001, creating pressure to reorganize and improve the space program.
Serbia to Buy Seven Mi-35, Three Mi-17 Helicopters from Russia
January 19, 2019 @ 09:36 AM
Serbia will acquire seven Mi-35 an three Mi-17 helicopters from Russia. "Russia will supply seven Mi-35 and three Mi-17 helicopters to Serbia," Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic was quoted by
Russian MiG-31BM fighter jets Practice dog-fight in stratosphere
January 18, 2019 @ 12:18 PM
Russian MiG-31BM upgraded fighter jets practiced combat maneuvers in the lower stratosphere. One of the aircraft imitated an intruder trying to enter into the Russian airspace to collect data, flying nearly 15,000 meters above the mean sea level
Russian Su-34 Fleet Grounded After Two Aircraft Collide
The Russian Su-34 fleet has been grounded after two of the jets collided mid-air while training over Sea of Japan on Friday. "On 18 January, at 8:07 (Moscow time), while performing a planned training flight over the Sea of Japan, 35 kilometers from the coast, two Su-34 planes of the Far Eastern Air Defence Forces made contact in the air while manoeuvring," Russian media quoted Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Russian MoD as saying
New Contract For Russian Su-57 Fighter Jets Likely To Be Signed In...
Russia is set to sign a second contract for manufacturing 13 Sukhoi Su-57 fighter jets for its armed forces in 2020, according to TASS report. "In 2020, we plan to sign the second contract to manufacture and deliver 13 Su-57 fighter jets, some of them equipped with the second-stage engines," a source in Russias aircraft-making industry told TASS on Wednesday
US Reps Missing as Russia Shows 9M729 Missiles to Foreign Military Attaches'
Representatives from the United States gave a miss to a briefing about the Russian 9M729 missiles given to foreign military attaches in Kubinka near Moscow yesterday. The US claims that the 9M729 missiles which operate with the Iskander-M launch system, violate the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty between the two countries and has threatened to walk out of the deal amidst fears of a nuclear missiles arms race
Ansat Helicopter Certified To Fly At 3,500 metres By Rosaviatsiya
Ansat Helicopter has been certified to increase the take-off and landing altitude to 3,500 metres from the previous 1,000 metres, by Rosaviatsiya (Federal Air Transport Agency). The approval was issued on the basis of trials conducted in summer 2018 at Mount Elbrus in Southern Russia
Russia Grounds Tu-22M3 Bomber Fleet after Tuesday's Crash
Russia has grounded its Tu-22M3 fleet until the end of probe into the causes of Tuesdays air crash that killed three crew members. "For now all Tupolev-22M3 have been banned from flying until the causes of todays crash become clear,"
Russia to Recieve 4 MiG-35s This Year, likely to purchase 14 more
Russia will receive four MiG-35 fighter jets in this year and it is likely to sign a contract in 2020 for 14 more. "According to the contract signed in August 2018, two MiG-35UB combat trainer jets were manufactured and delivered last year


This men's Casio Core watch is made from plastic/resin and is powered by a chronograph quartz movement. It fastens a black plastic/resin strap and has a LCD dial. The watch has a date function. Includes alarm function.


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