text:
This article is about the US channel. For the Canadian channel, see Food Network (Canada). For other uses, see Food Network (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Food TV.
November 22, 1993; 25 years ago (1993-11-22)
Discovery, Inc. (69%)
Tribune Media
(pending formal completion of sale of Tribune stake to Nexstar Media Group[1][2]) (31%)
1080i HDTV
(downscaled to letterboxed 480i for the SDTV feed)
0.02% (+1)
(April 2017 (2017-04), BARB)
Broadcast area
TV Food Network (1993–97)
Sister channel(s)
Destination America
www.foodnetwork.com
Freeview (UK)
Freeview (Australia)
Channel 74/64
Astro (Malaysia)
Channel 231 (SD/HD)
Channel 110 (HD/SD)
Channel 9462 (HD)
SKY Brasil
Channel 1492 (VOD)
Sky (UK & Ireland)
Freesat (UK)
11426 V 27500 5/6
DStv (South Africa)
D-Smart (Turkey)
Channel 54 (HD)
beIN (Middle East and North Africa)
Kontinent TV (Russia)
11960 H (SD)
MTS TV (Russia)
12033 V (HD)
Available on most American cable systems
Channel slots vary on each operator
Virgin Media Ireland (Ireland)
Sky Cable (Philippines)
Channel 68 (SD)
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now TV (Hong Kong)
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Watch live (+1 Timeshift) (UK only)
Internet Protocol television
Virgin TV Anywhere (Ireland)
Watch live (Ireland only)
Virgin TV Anywhere (UK)
Food Network is an American pay television channel that is owned by Television Food Network, G.P., a joint venture and general partnership between Discovery, Inc. (which holds a 69% ownership stake of the network) and Tribune Media (which owns the remaining 31% pending the formal completion of the sale of said stake to Nexstar Media Group). Despite this ownership structure, the channel is managed and operated as a division of Discovery Networks U.S. The channel airs both special and regular episodic programs about food and cooking.
In addition to its headquarters in New York City, Food Network has offices in Atlanta, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Detroit, Jersey City, Cincinnati, and Knoxville, Tennessee.
95 million households receive Food Network as of January 2016.[3]
2 Food Network programming
3 Carriage
3.1 Past American carriage disputes
3.2 UK and international
4 Food Network video game
5 Food Network around the world
6 Television Food Network, G.P.
Find sources: "Food Network" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Food Network was founded on April 19, 1993, as "TV Food Network"; its legal name remains Television Food Network, G. P. The network shortened its brand name within a few years and discontinued the "TV" portion of the name, thus leaving it as "Food Network". The network initially launched on November 22, 1993 with two initial shows featuring David Rosengarten, Donna Hanover, and Robin Leach. On November 23, 1993, Food Network launched its live broadcasting.[4] It was developed by Reese Schonfeld (one of the founders of CNN), under the direction of Providence Journal president Trygve Myrhen.[5] Its original partners included the Journal itself, Adelphia, Scripps-Howard, Continental Cablevision, Cablevision, and most importantly, the Tribune Company, which provided the network's technical output.
Former logo, used from 1997 to 2003.
Schonfeld, was appointed as managing director of TV Food Network and maintained a spot on its management board along with two Providence Journal employees. The original lineup for the network included Emeril Lagasse (Essence of Emeril), Debbi Fields, Donna Hanover, David Rosengarten, Curtis Aikens, Dr. Louis Aronne, Jacques Pépin, and Robin Leach. The following year, the network acquired the rights to the Julia Child library from WGBH.
In 1995, Schonfeld resigned as managing director of the network, but remained on its board until 1998, when he sold his interest in the company to Scripps. In 1996, Erica Gruen was hired as the president and CEO of TV Food Network, becoming the second woman in history to be the CEO of a U.S. television network. Gruen led the network into an explosive growth until 1998, by launching the largest and number one site for food, FoodNetwork.com, more than doubling the subscriber base, tripling the viewership and multiplying the network's yearly revenue.[6] In 1997, it was the second fastest growing cable network. Gruen changed the brand positioning from Schonfeld's "TV for people who cook" to "TV for everyone who loves to eat," thereby greatly improving the appeal to viewers and advertisers, and saving the network from bankruptcy. Greg Willis and Cathy Rasenberger were two of the original members of the start-up team who led the affiliate sales and marketing of the company from 1995 to 1998. Greg Willis served as senior vice president of worldwide distribution until he left to join Liberty Media in 1998.
Food Network logo used from 2003 to 2013. In 2013, a new version of this logo was introduced with a different font.
The A. H. Belo Corporation acquired Food Network when it purchased The Providence Journal Company in 1996.[7] Myrhen left the Journal Company the following year. Belo sold the network to the E. W. Scripps Company in 1997, in a trade deal that resulted in Belo acquiring the television-radio station combination of KENS-AM/TV in San Antonio, Texas.[8] In March 2009, the Food Network launched a repurposed Food.com as a bookmarking site that allows users to aggregate and search for recipes from different sources online.
The 1080i high definition simulcast feed of Food Network launched on March 31, 2008.
Food Network was first launched outside of North America in the United Kingdom on November 9, 2009, and in Asia on July 5, 2010 (on StarHub TV channel 433 and in HD on channel 468).[9] Since the UK launch on November 9, 2009 on Sky,[10] the channel has been added to the Freesat,[11] Freeview[12] and Virgin Media platforms.[13]
In January 2015, the Food Network collaborated with Snapchat and launched its own Food Network channel, "Discover Food Network", where social media users can watch the channel through the app. The channel features recipes, food hacks, and tips to entertain and appeal to the social media savvy millennials of today while watching from the palm of their hands.[14]
Food Network programming[edit]
Further information: List of programs broadcast by Food Network
Food Network programming is divided into a daytime block known as "Food Network in the Kitchen" and a primetime lineup branded as "Food Network Nighttime". Generally, "In the Kitchen" is dedicated to instructional cooking programs, while "Nighttime" features food-related entertainment programs, such as cooking competitions, food-related travel shows, and reality shows. Promos identify "Food Network Nighttime" programming but not "In the Kitchen" daytime programming. Many of the channel's personalities routinely pull double-duty (or more) – hosting both daytime and nighttime programming – and the channel regularly offers specials which typically either follow its personalities on working vacations, or bring together a number of personalities for a themed cooking event. Food Network broadcasts on weekdays from 9:30 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. and weekends from 7:00 a.m. to 4:00 a.m. ET, with the rest of the day being taken by infomercials. The UK channel broadcasts from 6:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. (UK time GMT/BST as applicable) daily.
Mario Batali and Bobby Flay joined the network in 1995. In 1996, Erica Gruen, the network's CEO, and Joe Langhan, an executive producer at the Food Network, created Emeril Live!, which became the channel's signature series. Although Batali has moved on to other endeavours, Flay still appears regularly on many programs, including Iron Chef America, the channel's well-received remake of the original Japanese series. Iron Chef America's host, Alton Brown, gained a cult following for his Good Eats, which mixed science, cooking and off-beat humor. Later the network had a series entitled, "Ruggerio to Go" hosted by David Ruggerio.
In 2002, Food Network made an appeal to the home cook by adding Paula's Home Cooking, hosted by Paula Deen. Home Cooking focused mostly on Southern cuisine and comfort food. The show took overly complicated recipes and classic dishes and broke them down for the home cook. The show did increasingly well, and Deen revamped the show in a series called Paula's Best Dishes. In this series, friends and family members would join her in the kitchen and put a twist on classics and introduce new recipes. In June 2013, Food Network announced that they were not renewing Deen's contract due to publicity about her racial remarks revealed in a lawsuit brought on by a former worker.[15]
Currently, the channel's biggest cross-over stars are Rachael Ray and Paula Deen, who have both taken their cable following (primarily through the series 30 Minute Meals, $40 a Day, and Paula's Best Dishes) into a syndicated talk show and Positively Paula. Both Paula Deen and Rachael Ray also have merchandise lines of cookware, food products and pet lines.
Beginning in 2005, an annual reality contest, The Next Food Network Star, brought viewers to New York City to compete for their own show on the channel. Previous winners include Dan Smith and Steve McDonagh (Party Line with The Hearty Boys), Guy Fieri (Guy's Big Bite, Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, Guy Off the Hook, Ultimate Recipe Showdown, Guy's Big Night, Guy's Family Feast, Guy's Grocery Games), Amy Finley (The Gourmet Next Door), Aaron McCargo, Jr. (Big Daddy's House),[16] Melissa d'Arabian (Ten Dollar Dinners), and Aarti Sequeira (Aarti Party).[17] For the 2010 season, production of The Next Food Network Star was relocated to Los Angeles. It has become the network's flagship show. For most of its 13-year run, season finales of the show have been followed by lead-out shows the network deems has great potential and will draw even more viewers. These consist of either premieres of new shows, season premieres of continuing shows, or episodes of continuing shows that are significant to the schedule. For instance, the most recent season finale of Star was followed by the season premiere of Beat Bobby Flay.
In December 2007, The New York Times business section published an article on the end of Emeril Lagasse's show Emeril Live, and quoted Brooke Johnson, the president, as saying that Lagasse "remains a valued member of the Food Network family".[18] Derek Baine, senior analyst at the media research firm SNL Kagan, is reported to have commented, "It's not surprising that people move on... They pay almost nothing for the people as they are building their careers... That's been their strategy all along". The article also commented on the declining popularity of the Food Network whose daily ratings were reported had fallen "to an average of 544,000 people from 580,000 a year [earlier]". It noted, "More significant, its signature weekend block of instructional programs, known collectively as 'In the Kitchen,' has lost 15 percent of its audience in the last year, to 830,000 viewers on average. This had left the network owing refunds, known as 'make goods,' to advertisers." Erica Gruen, president and CEO of the Food Network from 1996–1998 who created Emeril Live during her tenure, was reported to have blamed the decline on increased competition, "There's all sorts of instructional cooking video on the Web".[18] But it reported that, "Bob Tuschman, Food Network's senior vice president for programming and production, said the weekend ratings drop was 'nothing we haven't anticipated'. He said the network's ratings in that time period grew by double digits in each of the last four years, growth that could not be sustained."[18] It also wrote, "About a year ago, the Food Network began aggressively trying to change that with new deals that were 'way more onerous' from the stars' point of view, said a person who has been affected by the changing strategy, by insisting on a stake in book deals and licensing ventures, and control over outside activities.[18]
Carriage[edit]
Past American carriage disputes[edit]
On January 1, 2010, HGTV and Food Network were removed from cable provider Cablevision, which operates systems serving areas surrounding New York City. Scripps removed HGTV and Food Network from Cablevision following the expiration of the company's carriage contract on December 31, 2009; Cablevision and Scripps had been in negotiations for several months to agree on a new contract, but no progress had been made. The discontinuance of Food Network from Cablevision led the channel to make arrangements with Tribune-owned CW affiliates WPIX in New York City and WTXX in Hartford, Connecticut to broadcast a special episode of Iron Chef America with First Lady Michelle Obama on January 10, 2010, after that episode enjoyed high ratings on its January 3 cable premiere.[19] On January 21, 2010, Cablevision and Scripps reached an agreement that resulted in Food Network and HGTV being restored on Cablevision's systems that day.[20]
A similar carriage dispute with AT&T U-verse resulted in Food Network, Cooking Channel, HGTV, DIY Network, and Great American Country being dropped by the provider on November 5, 2010;[21] the dispute was resolved two days later, on November 7, 2010, after the two parties reached a new carriage agreement.[22][23]
UK and international[edit]
In accordance with an agreement between Scripps and Chellomedia, Food Network programs started to air internationally in the fourth quarter of 2009 in the United Kingdom and then in other markets in early 2010.[24]
Food Network UK initially launched on the Sky platform as a free-to-air channel, joined by a +1 hour timeshift, taking the channel slots vacated by the closure of Real Estate TV. (Following Scripps' acquisition of Travel Channel International, the four channel positions on Sky were reordered to move Food Network up the grid.) Food Network and +1 were subsequently also made available on the Freesat satellite platform.
On terrestrial service Freeview, initially a four-hour primetime evening bloc was acquired, sharing capacity with channels including Create and Craft; subsequently Food Network relocated to its own full-day service, with the four-hour berth used to bring Travel Channel to DTT. (Travel has since itself moved to all-day operation, with the evening hours now absorbed into Create & Craft.) Scripps subsequently signed a carriage deal with Virgin Media to bring Food Network and Travel Channel to the cable platform (in Travel's case this was a re-addition following its earlier removal from the cable platform.)
Food Network video game[edit]
Red Fly Studio developed a video game for the Wii console in partnership with Food Network called Cook or Be Cooked. The game, which was published by Namco Bandai Games and was released on November 3, 2009, simulates real cooking experiences.[25][26] Players can also try out the recipes featured on the game. There is also a video game based on Iron Chef America entitled Iron Chef America: Supreme Cuisine.[27]
Food Network around the world[edit]
Some countries have their own Food Network. Examples include: Food Network Canada, Food Network Asia, Food Network Italy and Food Network Europe. In the second half of 2014, Food Network Brazil began broadcasting with programs fully dubbed in Portuguese and optional subtitles.[28] On February 1, 2015, Food Network launched on Australian IPTV service Fetch TV.[29][30] Food Network South America began broadcasting in March 2015 with full Spanish dubbed programs.
A localised free-to-air Australian version was launched on 17 November 2015 by SBS, which had a licensing and programming output arrangement with Scripps.[31] Another reiteration, the Seven Network's 7food network began broadcasting in December 2018 after SBS's deal ended in November 2018.
On 1 December 2018, Discovery Networks Asia Pacific rebranded its Food TV channel in New Zealand to a New Zealand version of Food Network.[32]
Food Network was available in the Netherlands and Flanders between 22 April 2010[33] and 31 January 2019. Content from former Scripps television channels Travel Channel, Fine Living and Food Network has been integrated into the programming of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery in the Benelux.[34]
Television Food Network, G.P.[edit]
In 2011, Scripps requested to add its Cooking Channel, formerly Fine Living Network, to the partnership and Tribune agreed. With the Cooking Channel considered to be worth $350 million, Tribune would need to add additional capital.[35]
Television portal
Food Network (Canada)
Food Network (Australia)
Food Network (New Zealand)
List of programs broadcast by the Food Network
The Food Network Awards
^ "Nexstar Media Group Enters into Definitive Agreement to Acquire Tribune Media Company for $6.4 Billion in Accretive Transaction Creating the Nation's Largest Local Television Broadcaster and Local Media Company". Nexstar Media Group. December 3, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
^ "Nexstar Media Group Enters Into Definitive Agreement To Acquire Tribune Media Company". Tribune Media. December 3, 2018. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
^ "Cable Network Coverage Area Household Universe Estimates: January 2016".
^ The New School (2013-09-30), The Founding of the Food Network: A 20 Year Retrospective, retrieved August 6, 2018
^ "Reese Schonfeld | HuffPost". www.huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
^ "Food Network President and CEO Erica Gruen leaving network | The E.W. Scripps Company". www.scripps.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
^ "Scripps to acquire interest inTV Food Network | The E.W. Scripps Company". www.scripps.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
^ "Scripps Completes Harte-Hanks and The Food Network Acquisitions | The E.W. Scripps Company". www.scripps.com. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
^ Food Business News: Schroeder, Eric "Food Network to launch in international markets" November 4, 2009. (Registration required to view entire article.)
^ "Food Network coming to Sky". Digital Spy. October 6, 2009.
^ "Food Network launches on Freesat". Digital Spy. December 14, 2009.
^ "Food Network to launch on Freeview". Digital Spy. July 6, 2011.
^ "Food Network, Travel Channel come to Virgin Media TV". Digital Spy. June 19, 2013.
^ "Food Network Launches New "Discover Food Network" Channel on Snapchat". Food Network. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
^ "Paula Deen Dropped by Food Network After Racial Slur Controversy". People Magazine. June 21, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
^ "Aaron McCargo, Jr". Archived from the original on 2008-08-05. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
^ Slezak, Michael (August 16, 2010). "'Next Food Network Star' season finale recap: And the winner is..." Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
^ a b c d Changing Courses at the Food Network, New York Times, December 17, 2007
^ Wall Street Journal: "Scripps to Offer Free Show In Fight With Cablevision", January 6, 2010. (Subscription required to view entire article.)
^ Scripps, Cablevision Deal Returns Food Network, HGTV to Subscribers, The Wrap, January 21, 2010
^ AT&T's U-verse Drops Food Network, HGTV and Other Scripps Networks, Chicago Tribune, November 5, 2010
^ Food Network, HGTV, Back on U-verse, Chicago Tribune, November 7, 2010
^ AT&T U-verse, Scripps Reconnect on Carriage Contract, MultiChannel News, November 7, 2010
^ "Scripps, Chello to launch Food Network overseas". Business Courier of Cincinnati. October 5, 2009.
^ Nelson, Randy (April 30, 2009). "Joystiq impressions: Food Network: Cook or Be Cooked". Joystiq.com.
^ Brion, Raphael (October 22, 2009). "Upcoming: Food Network's Cook or Be Cooked Video Game". EatMeDaily.com.
^ Cat Cora (2016). Cooking as Fast as I Can: A Chef's Story of Family, Food, and Forgiveness. Simon and Schuster. p. 193. ISBN 9781476766157.
^ http://www.vcfaz.tv/artigo.php?t=216209, Vc Faz, August 31, 2014.
^ Knox, David (December 9, 2014). "Fetch TV adds BBC First". TV Tonight. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
^ Perry, Kevin (December 9, 2014). "Big Blow for Foxtel as they Lose Exclusive Rights for Premium Drama Channel BBC First". Nelbie. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
^ Knox, David (22 October 2015). "Food Network to launch on SBS November 17". TV Tonight. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
^ "Christmas comes early as Food Network launches on Sky". Sky Network Television. 26 October 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
^ Jarco Kriek (20 April 2010). "Food Network Channel in Nederland beschikbaar". TotaalTV.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 31 January 2019.
^ Jarco Kriek (28 November 2018). "Travel Channel, Fine Living en Food Network stoppen in Benelux" (in Dutch). TotaalTV.nl.
^ Brickley, Peg. (February 14, 2011)Tribune Seeks to Keep Food Network Stake. Wall Street Journal. Accessed on August 26, 2013.
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Our CSR education program is driven by a philanthropic focus of improving the lives of disadvantaged children across the globe. This is done via activities and partnerships which support communities mainly in developing countries where majority of the population is the youth.
Wavetec has collaborated with SOS in Kenya to provide support to children in a small village in Mombasa. The aim is to provide support, education and healthcare to children in different communities until they become independent adults.


Vashikaran specialist baba ji in Faridabad :- Vashikaran is a process that can be used in everyone's life to reduce problems or to reduce the issues of daily life. Every person has some problems in his life. They need to come out for their problems. Washing education is a way of coming out of issues related to education, business, married life, love life, child war etc. Vashikaran specialist baba ji in Faridabad he is giving you the ideal solution for your entire life problems. Vashikaran service is a famous name in this world, he solved the following problems with the use of the Vashikaran system, as the first person is the problem of inter-caste marriage, second is the problem of marriage, the third child is a problem of dispute, the fourth is a business problem. , Fifth spouse for husbands etc. With the help of Vashikaran, you can easily come into your problem. You will feel comfortable and the situation will come in your favor.
Vashikaran specialist baba ji in Faridabad :- He is an expert in the field of Vashikaran or in other words he is expert in the field of the technique or logic of Vashikaran as mantra , tantra and Yantra, which has emerged with deep meditation and his desire, can be very easily with this task. This problem will help you solve every beard of life, whether its love, education or marriage or any other thing. You can also get out of your health related problems. This incantation mantra and system is a powerful tool through which you can easily get out of any kind of problem, negative powers and any other issues. The Vashikaran specialist baba ji in Faridabad has stated that there are many difficulties in human life and they should be corrected and resolved over time, otherwise they can harm you in many ways. Here in India, you can easily get many different issues with the help of a great astrologer. There is a definite shot solution for evocative or evolving disputes between Vashikaran, husband-wife, other family members, close friends or any other person.
Vashikaran specialist baba ji in Faridabad :- Sometimes the situation is worsened and if you want to make a relationship with someone, the relations should be broken permanently, but if no one is ready to see you, and using powerful metaphorical mantras will help you . If you are working in any organization or office and staff and your senior is not helping you or planning a plan against you, then the dealt will change your behavior towards you. He will start thinking positively for you. The Vashikaran specialist baba ji in Faridabad has said that the name of astrology is a deep study of the language of the planets, which describes the movements of the planets that incorporate the secrets of stars and their lives, The excellent concept of astrology is the specialty of Indian astrology, because they are satisfied with ancient texts and competent mythology. This technique is a good idea to make your life better than prosperity and self-confidence. He is the most capable person in India who specializes in all the services of India's astrology.


Fundraiser: Hayden Connett raised �24,000 for the hospital that looks after his brother.
A ten-year-old Halifax schoolboy has raised £24,000 for charity after his younger brother was diagnosed with a rare genetic condition.
Hayden Connett, of Skircoat Green, raised the money for Alder Hey Children's Charity, which supports the hospital that has cared for his brother, Lewis, who has a condition that causes fusion of the skull bones during pregnancy.
Among other fundraising, Hayden, from All Saints Junior and Infant School, has taken part in a triathlon, organised a trip for his school choir to sing at 10 Downing Street, and held a charity disco and auction.
He has now been given a Diana Award – a scheme that recognises the achievements of children who have selflessly change the lives of others – for his efforts.
Hayden's mum, Donna, said: "He was really surprised when of one the Adler Hey ladies came down and told him. He had no idea and he was really shocked.
"He's just pleased that they care for Lewis as much as they do.
"The hospital is full of remarkable people and I'm glad Hayden has just gone a small way to contributing to the amazing work they do.
Lewis, who has Apert syndrome, has endured a number of hospital stays ranging from overnight to a week and in 2014 had major skull reconstruction in which rods were inserted that had to be turned for five weeks.
Young people are nominated for the Diana Award for going above and beyond in their daily lives to create positive change. To nominate, visit diana-award.org.uk/nominate.
And Donna's husband, John, will take part in a 100km bike ride this weekend to raise money for the hospital.
Visit uk.virginmoneygiving.com/team/teamlewis100km to donate to the cause.


text:
Q: how can i send the records causing DeserializationException to a DLT while consuming a message from kafka topic using seekToErrorHandler? I'm using spring boot 2.1.7.RELEASE and spring-kafka 2.2.8.RELEASE. We are in the process of upgrading the spring boot version but for now, we are using this spring-kafka version.
And I'm using @KafkaListener annotation to create a consumer and I'm using all default settings for the consumer.And I'm using below configuration as specified in the Spring-Kafka documentation.
    // other props
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, ErrorHandlingDeserializer2.class);
        props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, ErrorHandlingDeserializer2.class);
        props.put(ErrorHandlingDeserializer.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS, StringDeserializer.class);
        props.put(ErrorHandlingDeserializer.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS, AvroDeserializer.class.getName());
        return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(props);

Now, I've implemented my custom SeekToCurrentErrorHandler by extending SeekToCurrentErrorHandler to capture the send the records causing deserialization exception and send them to DLT.
Now the problem is, when i'm trying to test this logic with 30 messages with alternate messages having the deserialization exception, the list of the handle method is getting all 30 messages instead of getting only 15 messages which are causing the exception. With that said, how can i get the records with exception? Please suggest.
Here is my custom SeekToCurrentErrorHandler code
    @Component
    public class MySeekToCurrentErrorHandler extends SeekToCurrentErrorHandler {

        private final MyDeadLetterRecoverer deadLetterRecoverer;

        @Autowired
        public MySeekToCurrentErrorHandler(MyDeadLetterRecoverer deadLetterRecoverer) {
            super(-1);
            this.deadLetterRecoverer = deadLetterRecoverer;
        }

        @Override
        public void handle(Exception thrownException, List<ConsumerRecord<?, ?>> data, Consumer<?, ?> consumer, MessageListenerContainer container) {
            if (thrownException instanceof DeserializationException) {
                //Improve to support multiple records
                DeserializationException deserializationException = (DeserializationException) thrownException;
                deadLetterRecoverer.accept(data.get(0), deserializationException);

                ConsumerRecord<?, ?>. consumerRecord = data.get(0);
                sout(consumerRecord.key());
                sout(consumerRecord.value());
            } else {
                //Calling super method to let the 'SeekToCurrentErrorHandler' do what it is actually designed for
                super.handle(thrownException, data, consumer, container);
            }
        }
    }

A: We have to pass all the remaining records, so that the STCEH can re-seek all partitions for the records that weren't processed.
After you recover the failed record, use SeekUtils to seek the remaining records (remove the one that you have recovered from the list).
Set recoverable to false so that doSeeks() doesn't try to recover the new first record.
    /**
     * Seek records to earliest position, optionally skipping the first.
     * @param records the records.
     * @param consumer the consumer.
     * @param exception the exception
     * @param recoverable true if skipping the first record is allowed.
     * @param skipper function to determine whether or not to skip seeking the first.
     * @param logger a {@link Log} for seek errors.
     * @return true if the failed record was skipped.
     */
    public static boolean doSeeks(List<ConsumerRecord<?, ?>> records, Consumer<?, ?> consumer, Exception exception,
            boolean recoverable, BiPredicate<ConsumerRecord<?, ?>, Exception> skipper, Log logger) {

You won't need all this code when you move to a more recent version (Boot 2.1 and Spring for Apache Kafka 2.2 are no longer supported).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Celtic Interconnector is the name of an EU Project of Common Interest (PCI) aiming the development of a potential electrical connection between Ireland and France, using subsea cables, with the capacity of approximately 700 megawatts (MW), enough to power 450,000 households. The project is being jointly developed by Ireland's state-owned transmission system operator (EirGrid) and its French counterpart Réseau de Transport d'Électricité (RTE). The interconnector is expected to go live in 2025.
Parts of this project - the feasibility study, the initial design and the pre-consultation - are co-financed by the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF). The feasibility study (€3.8 million of EU funding) was completed in 2016 and included marine surveys, preliminary design studies as well as commercial, legal and governance aspects. The main conclusion of the feasibility study is that the project is feasible and that the business case is sufficiently compelling to progress into the next development phase. The next phase of the project (initial design and pre-consultation) will receive €4 million of EU funding and comprises an in-depth economic assessment of the project, initial technical design specifications, environmental studies and pre-consultation in preparation for permit granting procedures in France and Ireland. This latest phase is expected to be completed in 2018 and pave the way to the construction of the interconnector.


Everyone loves profiteroles but why not try adding a little summery fruity freshness with sliced strawberries and crumbled raspberry cream then drizzle with warm chocolate sauce or a fresh berry sauce.
1 Preheat the oven to 200oC (400oF), Gas Mark 6. Lightly grease a large baking sheet.
2 Pour the water into a saucepan, add the butter then heat gently until the butter has just melted. Bring to the boil then take off the heat and sift in the flour. Mix together then put the pan back on the heat and cook, stirring, until the mixture makes a smooth ball. Leave to cool for 15 minutes.
3 Beat the eggs with the vanilla then gradually beat into the cooled choux pastry in the pan, or transfer to a food processor if you'd rather. Beat until really smooth then spoon into a large piping bag fitted with a 1.5cm (3/4 inch) plain piping tube. Pipe about 20 balls on to the greased baking sheet, leaving space between them.
4 Bake for 15-18 minutes until well risen and golden. Make a slit in the side of each choux puff to let the steam escape then put back into the turned off oven for 3- 5 minutes until crisp then take out and leave to cool.
5 To make the sauce, add the chocolate, milk and sugar to a small saucepan and heat gently, stirring occasionally until the chocolate has melted and the sauce is smooth. Stir in the vanilla. Sprinkle surface with a little caster sugar if not serving immediately so that a skin doesn't form.
6 Whip the cream until it forms soft swirls then fold in the yogurt, vanilla and sugar. Crumble in the raspberries and briefly fold together.
7 Slit the choux puffs almost in half, arrange the sliced strawberries over the base of each one then top with a spoonful of raspberry cream. Press the lids back in place then arrange on serving plates. Dust lightly with sifted icing sugar and serve drizzled with warm chocolate sauce.


text:
Protein production: no cells required
Allison Doerr
Nature Methods volume 6, page 326 (2009)Cite this article
DNA hydrogels improve the efficiency of cell-free protein production.
Escherichia coli, the recombinant protein production workhorse, is not always the best creature for specialized jobs. Cell-free protein synthesis systems, consisting of cell extracts containing all of the necessary protein production machinery, are particularly useful for making proteins that are challenging to produce in cells, such as toxic proteins or those that undergo rapid proteolysis. Dan Luo and his group at Cornell University recently reported a method that makes cell-free protein production even more efficient.
Luo's group has been in the business of using DNA as both a "genetic and a generic material," as Luo describes it. They previously developed a method to make hydrogels entirely from branched DNA molecules. Now they have put the hydrogel to practical use for cell-free protein synthesis. They form a hydrogel by ligating branched DNA and linear plasmids, using a flat 1-millimeter square mold to make 20-micrometer-thick gel pads. They then drop the gene-containing gel pads into a test tube containing a commercial cell-free system and wait for the magic to happen.
Luo's group synthesized 16 different proteins using the hydrogel approach, which was up to 300 times more efficient than solution-based cell-free synthesis. They believe that the increased efficiency of transcription is a result of three possible mechanisms. First, the gel matrix caps the free ends of the gene and protects it from nucleases. Second, the local concentration of the gene in the gel can be greatly increased without resulting in DNA precipitation, unlike in solution. Third, enzyme turnover is likely much more efficient because the enzyme does not need to diffuse very far to find its next substrate.
"High throughput is definitely an advantage of this technology," says Luo. "We can synthesize proteins on a very large scale because we don't need to culture cells." The hydrogel system should also be useful for making membrane proteins because solubilizing detergent can be added directly to the expression system. "It is very difficult to do that to a live cell because detergent would disrupt the cell membrane," explains Luo. Notably, the researchers also synthesized a 'glue' protein from mussels, which would typically form inclusion bodies in E. coli or even kill the cell.
Though making the gel pads requires a clean room and a specialized micromold, Luo aspires to translate the method into a commercial product. For the time being, he is happy to help others make DNA hydrogels for protein production and other applications.
Park, N. et al. A cell-free protein-producing gel. Nat. Mater. advance online publication (29 March 2009).
Doerr, A. Protein production: no cells required. Nat Methods 6, 326 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth0509-326
Issue Date: May 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth0509-326
Nature Methods (Nat Methods) ISSN 1548-7105 (online) ISSN 1548-7091 (print)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
THE PHILIPPINE TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES - 2009 to 2024
Updated Philippine Network List
World Hemophilia Day 2017
World Hemophilia Day was started by the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) in 1989 to increase global awareness of hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.
April 17th was selected in honor of the birthday of Frank Schnabel, founder of WFH.
The WFH was established by Frank SchnabeLloyd in 1963 and has its headquarters in Montreal, Canada. It has member organizations in 113 countries and official recognition from the World Health Organization.
The aim of World Hemophilia Day is to raise awareness about hemophilia and increase the availability of treatments for this condition around the world.
Hemophilia A results in impaired clotting mechanisms due to missing or reduced levels of factor VIII. People with hemophilia A experience recurrent and extended bleeding episodes that cause pain and irreversible joint damage.
Advate, Kogenate and Kovaltry - are approved for prophylactic use in patients with hemophilia A.
Hemophilia B is a genetic disorder caused by missing or defective factor IX. Although it is passed down from parents to children, about 1/3 of cases are caused by a spontaneous mutation, a change in a gene.
Idelvion and Ixinity are approved for prophylactic use in patients with hemophilia B.
Hemophilia is a condition in which bleeding is prolonged. Hemophilia is a condition present from birth and is normally inherited; you can't 'catch' hemophilia or pass it onto others. In some rare instances, hemophilia may develop later in life (typically affecting people in the 50+ age group).
The slogan for World Hemophilia Day is 'Close The Gap', which reflects the difference in treatments available to people living in different parts of the world. By working together, it is hoped that we can close the gap of hemophilia care around the world. 'Close The Gap', is an apt phrase; when blood clots, a 'gap' is closed which stops bleeding.
The World Federation of Hemophilia provide resources for those wishing to get involved in this campaign. Resources include posters, information on why people should participate in World Hemophilia Day, a logo, press release templates and suggested activities.
Hear Their Voices is the theme for 2017, and the focus is on supporting women around the world affected by bleeding disorders.
http://metro.co.uk/2017/04/17/world-hemophilia-day-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-important-6577582/
http://www.raredr.com/news/april-17-is-world-hemophilia-day
http://www.whathealth.com/awareness/event/worldhemophiliaday.html
http://www.worldhemophiliaday.org/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Federation_of_Hemophilia
https://www.wfh.org/en/page.aspx?pid=492
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4okKKJiwaU0
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Q: How to get Vulkan to work with AMD radeon integrated graphics? I've been at this a while and I can't seem to get Vulkan to work on my new laptop. It's this one:
https://www.dell.com/en-ca/shop/dell-laptops/new-inspiron-15-5000-laptop-amd/spd/inspiron-15-5505-laptop/ni155000_sb_s103e
$ uname -a:
Linux laptop 5.9.0-0.bpo.5-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.9.15-1~bpo10+1 (2020-12-31) x86_64 GNU/Linux
I've been though just about every guide there is trying to get this to work, but nothing has so far. The computer displays the desktop just fine and at the correct resolution, but it's extremely slow for anything moderately graphics intensive. I have so far followed this guide but it hasn't worked.
https://wiki.debian.org/AtiHowTo
$ lspci|grep VGA:
04:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Renoir (rev c3)
$ glxinfo -B:
name of display: :0.0
display: :0  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
    Vendor: VMware, Inc. (0xffffffff)
    Device: llvmpipe (LLVM 7.0, 128 bits) (0xffffffff)
    Version: 18.3.6
    Accelerated: no
    Video memory: 7387MB
    Unified memory: no
    Preferred profile: core (0x1)
    Max core profile version: 3.3
    Max compat profile version: 3.1
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL vendor string: VMware, Inc.
OpenGL renderer string: llvmpipe (LLVM 7.0, 128 bits)
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 18.3.6
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile

OpenGL version string: 3.1 Mesa 18.3.6
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.40
OpenGL context flags: (none)

OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 18.3.6
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00

$vulkaninfo:
ERROR: [Loader Message] Code 0 : /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvulkan_radeon.so: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32
ERROR: [Loader Message] Code 0 : /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libvulkan_intel.so: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32
==========
VULKANINFO
==========

Vulkan Instance Version: 1.1.97

amdgpu: Invalid PCI ID.
/build/vulkan-tools-6bmpQy/vulkan-tools-1.1.97+dfsg1/vulkaninfo/vulkaninfo.c:3845: failed with VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED

Also here's a snipped from running steam:
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices failed, unable to init and enumerate GPUs with Vulkan.
BInit - Unable to initialize Vulkan!

I think that the correct drivers are installed, they just aren't loaded for some reason. I really just don't know how to fix this. Any help would be appreciated.

A: For the benefit of anyone in the future running into this issue:
I didn't really figure what exactly can be done. But reinstalling and then upgrading to debian 11 fixed the issue.


text:
Alina Polyakova on U.S. Sanctions Against Russia
2017-07-15T08:03:45-04:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/81b/20170715080439001_hd.jpgAlina Polyakova talked about Russia's lobbying efforts, both historic and current, against U.S. sanctions imposed against the country.
Alina Polyakova talked about Russia's lobbying efforts, both historic and current, against U.S. sanctions imposed against the country.
Transcript type Text People Graphical Timeline
Filter by Speaker All Speakers Kimberly Atkins Alina Polyakova
Kimberly Atkins Guest Host
Alina Polyakova Research Director Atlantic Council of the U.S.->Europe and Eurasia
Washington Journal 07/15/2017
Open Phones, Part 1
Jessica Silver-Greenberg on Consumer Lawsuits Against Banks
Simon Montlake on "Rust Belt" Cities
Jul 15, 2017 | 8:03am EDT | C-SPAN 1
Jul 15, 2017 | 1:23pm EDT | C-SPAN 1
Jul 15, 2017 | 10:23pm EDT | C-SPAN 1
Alina Polyakova on the French Presidential Election
Alina Polyakova talked about the presidential election in France, happening that day. Wall Street Journal Paris Bureau…
Telephone lines and social media were open for viewer comments on recent indictments brought by Special Counsel Robert…
Dustin Volz on Russia's Use of Social Media
Dustin Volz discussed the executives from Facebook, Twitter, and Google who testified recently on Capitol Hill about…
Open Phones on Iran Sanctions
Telephone lines were open for viewer comments on the new sanctions imposed on Iran that day.


Cult Coffee Shop, Papa Palheta at Hooper road, has attained a quiet following with its crafted coffees served in a quirky but cosy setting.
Loysel's Toy, opened by the same people, is nested in an old abandoned warehouse at 66 Kampong Bugis along the Kallang River. The site was chosen for its obscurity and FUUR designed the corner unit with a palette of found objects, industrial components, naval hardware and weathered finishes. The cafe space is opened on 3 sides which allows for maximum spillage. Different types and heights of seating allow for clusters of customers to form organically – creating bubbles of communal activity.


text:
James Webb Space Telescope UPSC: How is JW Space Telescope Different From Other Telescopes?
For years, the James Webb Space Telescope has been in the making. NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) collaborated on it. It will supersede the Hubble Space Telescope as NASA's premier astrophysics mission.
It was launched on Ariane mission VA256 on December 25, 2021. The primary mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope is made up of 18 hexagonal mirror segments. Continue reading to know more about the James Webb Space Telescope.
James Webb Space Telescope UPSC Notes
Make notes from the sections below to better up your IELTS preparation.
Hubble's Successor
The Webb Telescope is the Hubble Space Telescope's long-awaited replacement. For years, the $9.7B telescope has been in the works. Over the course of its long existence, it has experienced several delays.
The Webb will be launched on an Ariane 5 rocket, which has a track record of 82 successful missions between April 2003 and December 2017. The European Space Agency's involvement in the project is the Ariane 5. The mission will take place in French Guiana, Europe's spaceport. The true nerve-wracking will begin, according to several observers, when the telescope starts a month-long unfolding procedure, all the while moving farther and farther away from Earth.
Also Read: Kashi Vishwanath Corridor UPSC: Make Your Notes on Kashi Corridor Project for UPSC
Goal of James Webb Space Telescope UPSC
Almost anything in the sky will be seen via the telescope. It does, however, have one overarching goal: to see the light emitted by the Universe's very first stars.
About 100 to 200 M years after the Big Bang, or a little more than 13.5 billion years ago, these pioneer stars are expected to have turned on. Webb will separate these stars into groups.
Because they are so far away, even if their light travels at 300,000 kilometres (186,000 miles) every second, it will take billions of years for it to reach us. Webb should be able to see (or at the very least detect a faint light from) the instant when the darkness lifted and the first stars shone brightly.
Existing Space Telescopes Vs JWST
It dwarfs the Hubble Telescope, which has been circling the Earth since 1990.
Hubble's main mirror is 2.4 metres (7.8 feet) broad, whereas this telescope's primary mirror is 6.5 metres in diameter. Webb is roughly the size of a tennis court with all of the accompanying equipment. It's so large that it has to be folded in order to fit inside its launcher rocket.
The important feature of Webb is that it is designed to detect light in the infrared, which Hubble cannot. This light is undetectable to the naked eye, yet it is the sort of light in which the radiance from the Universe's furthest objects may be seen.
James Webb Space Telescope Launch Date
Webb is now expected to enter orbit on Saturday, December 25th, and is named after James E Webb, the Nasa administrator who directed the Apollo Moon-landing mission.
It will be deployed from French Guiana on an EU Ariane-5 rocket. The EU Space Agency has decided to take on the burden of putting Webb into space as a project partner. Webb is without a doubt the most precious payload ever carried by an Ariane. Fortunately, the rocket has a solid reputation for reliability.
The telescope will be launched roughly one million miles (1.6 million kilometres) from Earth by the rocket. It can make observations without the occasional obscuring effects that it would encounter if it were closer to our earth.
Also Read: Types of Tribe in India: Here're the Things to Know about the Major Tribes in India
JWST Cost
Nasa invested $8.8 billion on Webb's design and engineering, and it will invest another $860 million over the next 5 years to keep the mission running. This totals $9.7 billion in the United States.
The EU Space Agency contributed €700 million (£590 million) to the project, funding two of Webb's four components as well as the Ariane launch rocket. The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) also contributed over CA$200 million (£120 million). It all adds up to more than $10 billion (£7.5 billion; €9 billion; CA$12.7 billion).
10 Amazing Facts on James Webb Space Telescope
Check out these fascinating facts on this telescope:
# The biggest space telescope in history
# A golf-ball-sized amount of gold coats JWST's mirrors
# Unlike Hubble, JWST will not be serviceable during its mission
# JWST can clearly see a single penny 24 miles away
# JWST will be able to detect water on exoplanets
# JWST will spot the first light ever created in the universe
# JWST will be folded up on its rocket and expand to its full size in space
# One side of the telescope is hotter than Death Valley, the other side is colder than Antarctica
# JWST's science instruments will function at close to absolute zero
# JWST launches far, far away from home
This telescope is years overdue due to poor project management on multiple occasions. However, some of the funds were utilised to fund technological advancements that have broader applications; for example, a measuring instrument developed for Webb is now used in precision eye surgery.
To put things in perspective, Hubble has charged close to $15 billion in today's money. Few would doubt its value after all of its accomplishments over the past 30 years, and the Webb telescope is expected to be no less transformational.
For more current affairs topics, visit the UPSC Pathshala website.
Also Read: UPSC Interview Questions of Toppers and Interview Tips to Achieve your UPSC Dream
If you are preparing for UPSC 2022, you need to grab all the current affair topics. Here is a trending topic for you in the space domain: James Webb Space Telescope UPSC
Madhurjya Chowdhury
Madhurjya Chowdhury, a web content writer in Ufaber EduTech has a very strong passion for writing and alluring the readers. You can find him writing articles for the betterment of exam aspirants and children. With immense interest in research-based content writing and copywriting, he likes to reach out to more and more people with his creative writing style. On the other side, he is an Electronics and Communication Engineer from LPU, Jalandhar. In his leisure time, he likes to play badminton or read about space discoveries. Apart from this, he is a pro gamer on PC, PS and Mobile gaming platforms.


text:
News tagged: 'SDC 2019'
Mobile Design Competition concludes with these six unique product ideas
Rugged Galaxy Tab Active Pro lands in the US, LTE model coming soon
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These are Samsung's best four Galaxy Store apps celebrated at SD...
Samsung announced the winners of this year's Best of Galaxy Store Awards at SDC 2019. Unlike last year when Samsung kicked off the first Galaxy Store Awards ceremony...
These are Samsung's best four Galaxy Store apps celebrated at SDC 2019
Here is Samsung's official statement about the Galaxy Home'...
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Here is Samsung's official statement about the Galaxy Home's relea...
Here is an infographic explaining the evolution of Bixby
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Samsung Daily to replace Bixby Home as the content discovery platform
We reported three weeks ago that Samsung had applied for a trademark on "Samsung Daily." The filing was a little light on details but it seemed that this...
Hands-on with the Galaxy Book Flex and Ion: A return to form
Samsung shook up its notebook lineup today with the Galaxy Book Flex and the Galaxy Book Ion. The new models are meant as replacements for the Samsung Notebook...
[UPDATED WITH VIDEO] Here's the Samsung Galaxy Home Mini in the ...
It's been over a year since Samsung unveiled the Galaxy Home. The company's Bixby-powered smart speaker has still not been released. While we've all been waiting for it,...
[UPDATED WITH VIDEO] Here's the Samsung Galaxy Home Mini in the flesh
Breaking: Samsung may have just confirmed its clamshell Galaxy Fold
It was reported a few months ago that among the new form factors being considered for Samsung's second foldable smartphone, the company had created a clamshell prototype. The...
Samsung launches Galaxy Book Flex and Ion with QLED display, Wireless ...
Samsung has unveiled a pair of new laptops at SDC 2019 today. The Galaxy Book Flex and Galaxy Book Ion are the world's first laptops with a QLED...
Samsung launches Galaxy Book Flex and Ion with QLED display, Wireless PowerSha...
Samsung highlights Bixby, One UI 2.0 and foldables at SDC 2019
The annual Samsung Developer Conference is underway in San Jose, California. The conference is all about software and Samsung has highlighted new ways for developers to bring enhanced...
Samsung Blockchain Platform SDK announced, opens new doors for devs
Samsung revealed its latest plans for mobile blockchain technology at SDC 2019, detailing how its new Samsung Blockchain Platform SDK is going to help developers in overcoming the...
How to watch Samsung Developer Conference 2019 keynote live
Samsung's yearly developer conference will be kicking off today, October 29, at 10 AM PT, in San Jose, California, and the company will have a range of topics...
Samsung offers a sneak-peek into its SDC 2019 sessions
Samsung will be hosting its sixth annual Samsung Developer Conference (SDC) in San Jose, California, from October 29-30. With only a few days left for the event, the...


Real-time monitoring of the physical properties of liquids, such as lubricants, is a very important issue for the automotive industry. For example, contamination of lubricating oil by diesel soot has a significant impact on engine wear. Resonant microstructures are regarded as a precise and compact solution for tracking the viscosity and density of lubricant oils. In this work, we report a piezoelectric resonator, designed to resonate with the 4th order out-of-plane modal vibration, 15-mode, and the interface circuit and calibration process for the monitoring of oil dilution with diesel fuel.

 In order to determine the resonance parameters of interest, i.e. resonant frequency and quality factor, an interface circuit was implemented and included within a closed-loop scheme. Two types of oscillator circuits were tested, a Phase-Locked Loop based on instrumentation, and a more compact version based on discrete electronics, showing similar resolution. Another objective of this work is the assessment of a calibration method for piezoelectric MEMS resonators in simultaneous density and viscosity sensing. An advanced calibration model, based on a Taylor series of the hydrodynamic function, was established as a suitable method for determining the density and viscosity with the lowest calibration error.

 Our results demonstrate the performance of the resonator in different oil samples with viscosities up to 90 mPa•s. At the highest value, the quality factor measured at 25°C was around 22. The best resolution obtained was 2.4•10-6 g/ml for the density and 2.7•10-3 mPa•s for the viscosity, in pure lubricant oil SAE 0W30 at 90°C. Furthermore, the estimated density and viscosity values with the MEMS resonator were compared to those obtained with a commercial density-viscosity meter, reaching a mean calibration error in the best scenario of around 0.08% for the density and 3.8% for the viscosity.
In this work, an aluminium nitride based piezoelectric resonator (05-mode) was fabricated and characterized to study how various factors, such as pressure, gas composition, the resonator geometry or the order of the vibrational mode, influence the resonant frequency and quality factor of micro resonators.

 In order to determine the resonant parameters of interest, an interface circuit was implemented and included within a closed-loop scheme. The effect of viscosity and density of the gases under test on the resonant parameters can be determined through a calibration process using different gases, an impedance analyser and theoretical values of density and viscosity reported in the literature.

Depending on gas species different gas damping effects in the molecular, transitional and viscous flow regimes were observed. However, as the resonant mode number increases and therefore the resonant frequency, the acoustic wavelength reduces, the contribution of acoustic effects on the energy loss cannot be neglected any more in comparison with viscous effects. Our results demonstrate the performance of the resonator in different gases (Air, N2, Ar, CO2 and He) and pressures (0.1-950 mbar) by developing and applying specific experimental setup.
In this work, we present a systematic procedure to design piezoelectric transducers by simultaneously optimizing the host structure and the electrode layout. The technique allows maximizing any electromechanical coupling of output efficiency of the transducer. Either the output current collected at the electrodes when a mechanical force is applied (sensors), or the in-plane displacement when a given voltage is applied to the electrodes (actuators) can be optimized. We introduce a new idea to avoid the typical problem in topology optimization of the appearance of gray areas, getting finally 0-1 designs, some of which have been manufactured. Also, mathematical demonstration of reciprocity of the piezoelectric effect is shown. Many MEMS-based actuators like microgrippers, surface probes, or micro-optical devices can be optimized following this procedure. A similar approach has been demonstrated previously in modal sensors/actuators, although restricted to the design of the electrode layout for a given structure. The novel method shown here allows the simultaneous optimization of both shapes, for electrode and structure in the static case.
In this work, we study the modes of vibration for various aluminium nitride-actuated square microplates. We combine electrical and optical techniques to fully characterize the modes of vibration in different media, with special attention to the modes with the highest quality factor. An electronic speckle pattern interferometry technique is used for a full 3D detection of the movement of the microplates, allowing a precise identification of the modal shape, even under liquid immersion. The electrical characterization was carried out with an impedance analyser. Quality factors as high as 6700 were obtained in vacuum, and as high as 155 in isopropanol, for a high order out-of-plane mode. The effective excitation of these modes is made possible by a proper design of the electrode layout.
The supervision of key variables such as sugar, alcohol, released CO2 and microbiological evolution in fermenting grape must is of great importance in the winemaking industry. However, the fermentation kinetics is assessed by monitoring the evolution of the density as it varies during a fermentation, since density is an indicator of the total amount of sugars, ethanol and glycerol. Even so, supervising the fermentation process is an awkward and non-comprehensive task, especially in wine cellars where production rates are massive, and enologists usually measure the density of the extracted samples from each fermentation tank manually twice a day. This work aims at the design of a fast, low-cost, portable and reliable optoelectronic sensor for measuring ethanol concentration in fermenting grape must samples. Different sets of model solutions, which contain ethanol, fructose, glucose, glycerol dissolved in water and emulate the grape must composition at different stages of the fermentation, were prepared both for calibration and validation. The absorption characteristics of these model solutions were analyzed by a commercial spectrophotometer in the NIR region, in order to identify key wavelengths from which valuable information regarding the sample composition can be extracted. Finally, a customized optoelectronic prototype based on absorbance measurements at two wavelengths belonging to the NIR region was designed, fabricated and successfully tested. The system, whose optoelectronics is reduced after a thorough analysis to only two LED lamps and their corresponding paired photodiodes operating at 1.2 and 1.3 μm respectively, calculates the ethanol content by a multiple linear regression.
Real-time monitoring of the physical properties of liquids is an important subject in the automotive industry. Contamination of lubricating oil by diesel soot has a significant impact on engine wear. Resonant microstructures are regarded to be a precise and compact solution for tracking the viscosity and density of lubricant oils. Since the measurement of pure shear forces do not allow an independent determination of the density and viscosity, two out-of-plane modes for the monitoring of oil dilution with diesel have been selected. The first one (12-mode) is working at 51 kHz and the second mode (14-mode) at 340 kHz. Two parameters were measured: the quality factor and the resonance frequency from which the viscosity and density of the fluids under test can be determined, requiring only a small amount of test liquid. A PLL-based oscillator circuit was implemented based on each resonator. Our results demonstrate the performance of the resonator in oils with viscosity up to 90 mPa·s. The quality factor measured at 25°C was 7 for the 12-mode and 19 for the 14-mode. A better resolution in density and viscosity was obtained for the 14-mode, showing a resolution of 3.92·10-5 g/ml for the density and 1.27·10-1 mPa·s for the viscosity, in pure lubricant oil SAE 0W30. An alternative tracking system, based on a discrete oscillator circuit, was tested with the same resonator, showing a comparable stability and supporting our approach.
In this work, the fabrication process of piezoelectric AlN cantilevers is presented. The cantilevers were electrically characterized in a vacuum chamber offering the possibility to close-loop control the back pressure from atmospheric conditions down to 5x10-3 mbar. The quality factor (Q factor) is an important figure of merit to evaluate the performance of micro-resonators. In particular, two different modes were detected and analyzed. The first bending mode detected at 19.5 kHz has a quality factor of 470 at atmospheric pressure which increases continuously to 985 at 1x10-1 mbar. The corresponding resonant frequency shifted from 19.500 kHz at atmospheric pressure to 19.573 kHz at 5 mbar. Below this pressure level, the resonance frequency stays unaffected within the measurement accuracy. The second bending mode detected at 117.264 kHz exhibits a quality factor of about 570 at atmospheric pressure increasing continuously to 1275 at 1x10-1 mbar. In agreement with the other resonant frequency under investigation the corresponding resonant frequency decreased from 117.264 kHz at atmospheric pressure to 117.630 kHz at 5 mbar.
The fermentation process that turns must into wine is traditionally monitored manually by enologists, with little aid from automation tools so far. This supervision requires the enologist to follow a daily routine consisting of must sampling and subsequent analysis at least twice a day during the whole fermentation span and for every single fermentation tank, which is awkward and time-consuming, especially in regions like La Mancha (Spain), where production takes place at a massive scale. In order to contribute to the automation of both the fermentation and the maceration supervision, an optoelectronic system has been developed. It was devised to record both the refractive index n and the chromatic characteristics of the fermenting must. The former, closely related to the fermentation kinetics, is obtained through measurements of a laser beam displacement; whereas the latter, which is essential for the maceration, relies on absorbance measurements in the visible spectrum. Additionally, the system measures the temperature, necessary to reference the data to 20°C. It comprises a frame that holds a laser diode, a PSD (position sensitive detector), three LEDs, six photodiodes and a temperature sensor, plus some conditioning electronics and a data acquisition board. Several fermentations have been monitored off-line with the reported system, reaching a resolution of 0.00046 RIU (refractive index unit). Data show a slight increase in n during the last stage of the fermentation, which does not have a match in the density measurements and could therefore be used as an alert to automatically detect the fermentation end.
In this work, we present a detailed study of the first vibration modes of a micro-tuning fork electrically actuated by means of a differential electrode lying on a piezoelectric AlN layer. The actuation through a differential electrode allows the optimal excitation of the modes of interest, including in-plane modes. Lateral and perpendicular displacements have been measured for a complete characterization of the resonator. Promising results have been obtained, including high values of the quality factor, which reach values above 4300 in air for the anti-phase in-plane modes.
The characterization of the first in-plane mode of AlN-actuated piezoelectric microcantilevers was done using different techniques. The top electrode of the cantilever was designed to allow for an efficient electrical actuation of these in-plane modes. The detection of the electrically induced in-plane movement was performed optically with the help of a stroboscopic microscope and electrically by means of an impedance analyzer. The quality factor and the resonant frequencies of the in-plane modes were estimated from the above techniques. Our results show quality factor values as high as 3000 for the first in-plane mode in air.
The purpose of this work is to show that it is possible to excite selectively different resonant modes of a MEMS resonator, by simply changing some parameters in the feedback filter of Pulsed Digital Oscillators (PDOs). Extensive simulation and experimental results are presented showing the goodness of the proposed approach. An iterative map, contemplating more than one resonance, is also obtained from the equation governing the motion of a cantilever.
Micro-cantilevers and micro-bridges actuated by sputter-deposited aluminium nitride (AlN) thin films were measured with a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer up to 6 MHz, covering more than 10 resonance modes of different nature. A finite element model (FEM) was used to simulate the modal response of the micromachined structures. The comparison between experiment and simulation, regarding modal shapes and frequencies, resulted in an excellent agreement, what confirmed the quality of the structures. Finally, we point out, and illustrate with the help of micro-bridges, the importance for a locally tailored distribution of electrical excitation on the top surface of the device, in order to either optimize or cancel out the displacement of a given mode.
Aluminium nitride (AlN) reactively sputter deposited from an aluminium target is an interesting compound material due to its CMOS compatible fabrication process and its piezoelectric properties. The crystal structure obtained during sputtering is a very importance criterion to obtain a good piezoelectric performance. To demonstrate this, we focused our investigations on two types of films. The first type shows a good c- axis orientation with round grain geometry. The second type is (101) oriented having a triangular grain shape. For measuring the out-of-plane displacements for dij determination, a MSV 400 Polytec scanning laser Doppler vibrometer was used. To obtain the piezoelectric constants d33 and d31 a fitting procedure between experimental and theoretical predicted results is used. Effective values for d33 and d31 in c-axis oriented films are about 3.0 pm/V and -1.0 pm/V, respectively. By contrast, films with (101) orientation show a lower effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients, consistent with this different orientation. Finally, both types of AlN layers were deposited on 640 μm long micro-cantilevers. The average displacement of the first mode on the vertical axis was about 12 nm for the film with good c -axis orientation and 0.3 nm for that with (101)- orientation when applying the same excitation.
The behaviour of AlN self-actuated beams for potential applications in the field of resonant sensors is analyzed focusing on the characterization of the quality factor. This study is extended to high-order modes up to 7 MHz. Laser Doppler vibrometry and impedance analysis were the measurement techniques used. For the former, the quality factor (Q factor) is deduced from both, the frequency response and the transient response. The impedance measurement is not possible for all the modes due to the symmetry in the modal shape, but when it can be measured, the Q factor may be deduced either from the characteristic frequencies of the resonance or from the equivalent resonant circuit. All the four methods yielded comparable magnitudes for the Q factor in air. In order to validate the quality of the devices, and for comparison purposes, calculations based on finite element method were utilized, and a good agreement was found with measured data, regarding modal shapes and resonance frequencies of each mode.
This paper reports a deep study of the frequency response of ZnO-based piezoelectric cantilevers. Laser vibrometry and impedance measurements have been carried out on such devices, obtaining a good agreement in the characteristic frequencies. However, certain resonances that are clearly identified thanks to the high sensitivity of the laser vibrometer do not show the corresponding impedance change. A computational model has been successfully developed to allow us to explain this behaviour based on the piezoelectric charge generated by the different modes. Finally, we discuss the essential role played by the modal shapes in the electrical detection of the resonances.
Interdigital (IDT) microsensors are one of the most commonly used periodic microelectrode devices in a wide range of fields such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), telecommunications, chemical sensing, etc. IDT biochemical sensors targeted towards the direct detection of immobilized ssDNA (single strand nucleic acid sequences) and the subsequent hybridization with the complementary strand are currently an area of significant research interest. The most common outputs of measurement are changes in resistance and capacitance between electrodes as a result of changes in the conductivity or dielectric constant of a thin layer of material or solution coating the IDT device, which contains the oligomeric DNA of interest. DNA may be immobilized on both the electrode surfaces and the interdigital spaces or only on the latter, depending on the method used for the chemical modification of the sensor surface. In this work, various IDT designs are explored from the point of view of sensitivity to the changes in impedance associated with modifications in the conductivity of the material near the electrodes. The designs are studied by an electroquasistatics, finite element method-based 3D model to simulate the variation of IDT sensor impedance. A range of device geometries are considered, with particular attention paid to the width of the fingers relative to the period, or metallization ratio. Our results show that low metallization ratios lead to better impedance sensitivity. The simulation models have also been checked experimentally with commercially available IDTs, where a good agreement has been obtained between calculated and measured impedance.
High indium content InGaAs/GaAs laser structures have been grown on (111)B GaAs substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The laser devices showed room temperature CW emission, low threshold current densities and emission wavelength up to 1100 nm. The influence of the internal piezoelectric field on the emission properties is studied theoretical and experimentally. A self consistent model was developed in order to simulate the gain and spontaneous emission spectra. Modeling results were compared with measurements of the spontaneous emission spectra, and a good qualitative agreement was obtained. By analyzing these results, we conclude that the piezoelectric field is not completely screened out even for high injection currents, and that the screening level is strongly dependent on the In content. Spontaneous emission measurements in two different configurations (top and edge emission) were compared, yielding similar results for a range of experimental conditions.


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Physical Attraction: 100th Episode Competition Physical Attraction is the podcast focused on physics, science and technology – and we're about to reach a very big milestone when our 100th episode releases later on this year. To celebrate, we're hosting a special competition with FABULOUS PRIZES. To enter, you need to send us your answer to the question "What is physics?", either in written form, or (even better) recorded by you on some suitable equipment. Ideally, entries will be more than a few sentences long and no longer than 1000 words / ten minutes spoken audio, although exceptions will be made for shorter or longer entries of exceptional quality! You can interpret this as broadly or as specifically as you like, and it doesn't have to be a dictionary definition. What has physics meant in your life? How do you view the boundaries between physics and "other sciences"? What role do you think physics and physicists have to play in society, in our pursuit of knowledge, philosophically? What does physics mean in the modern world? What can it mean in the future? Or you can focus on some specific aspect of physics that fascinates you. All suitable entries will form part of the 100th episode extravaganza, which is why I want to get as many different perspectives as possible. You will be on the podcast! Feel free to introduce yourself and details of your own story. All suitable entries will also receive a Physical Attraction postcard and ceramic mug, alongside free download links for the extra bonus episodes that we've released so far. Then there will be first and second place prizes! The second place winner receives everything above, plus books by Physical Attraction interview guests Phil Torres, Simon Ings, Britt Wray, and SMBC Zach Weinersmith: Phil Torres - Morality, Foresight, and Human FlourishingSimon Ings – Stalin and the Scientists Britt Wray – Rise of the Necrofauna Zach and Kelly Weinersmith - Soonish The first place winner receives everything from second place, including the four books, plus the right to choose the subject of one episode of the show – anything science and technology-related, topic subject to discussion. I will then research, write, and record that episode, which can include a special dedication to the contest prize winner as part of it. Sounds good? Great! Get your entries in by March 31st 2019 to be eligible. Entries should be submitted via the competition email physicspod@outlook.com, or you can contact me on Twitter @physicspod or Facebook.


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Must Watch: First Trailer for Aaron Burns' Indie Comedy 'blacktino'
Source: SlashFilm, Vimeo
"Whoooaaa nerd alert!" Perhaps the new Napoleon Dynamite, or perhaps something else entirely, the first official trailer for the indie comedy blacktino (yes it's titled lowercase) from Texan filmmaker Aaron Burns recently debuted on Vimeo (via /Film). You may remember hearing about this before, as it was part of some odd viral campaign with Michelle Rodriguez at Fantastic Fest last year, but now we know what it is. Austin Marshall stars as an "overweight half-black, half-hispanic nerd" named Stefan who's struggling to fit in at his high school. This looks like it has a lot of charm and whit, I'm very much looking forward to it. Enjoy!
Watch the first official trailer for Aaron Burns' blacktino:
A dark teen comedy about an overweight half-black, half-hispanic nerd named Stefan Daily. Struggling to find his place in a mostly white high school, he finds sanctuary amongst the social outcasts in the theatre department. Like all great teen comedies, it ensures that the torch of "teen angst" continues to burn bright.
blacktino is both written and directed by Aaron Burns, an Austin, Texas native who is making his feature debut with this following a short titled Now or Never. This is premiering at the SXSW Film Festival coming up in March, where we expect this to get a lot of buzz and probably pick up a distributor, too. We first heard about this at Fantastic Fest last year in a little Michelle Rodriguez viral promotion. What did you think?
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i am guessing from the mendoza sign that he is half-argentine? i'll give it a try. still, the best blacktino (albeit Dominican) nerd story is The Brief and Wonderous Life of Oscar Wao. I wish they would make it into a movie b/c it's an absolutely great book.
alejo on Feb 22, 2011
I was thinking the same thing!
Anonymous on Feb 22, 2011
First thing that crossed my mind. A movie from that book would be amazing. I'm sure Diaz was the first to introduce the idea of the black latino nerd.
Anonymous on Mar 1, 2011
I think this looks lovely, and the blacktino thing I thought that came from Domino
Loser on Feb 22, 2011
Looks really good! I hope this gets a wide release!
Marcus Dunn on Feb 22, 2011
It's like Napoleon Dynamite with black people.. and a story... and sex... and drugs.... okay, it's not like Napoleon Dynamite.
Jace on Feb 22, 2011
Absolutely nothing about this gave me the Napolean Dynamite vibe
Geoffrey Shauger on Feb 22, 2011
first black coming of age film in... forever
Ding 鼎 Wang 王 on Feb 22, 2011
In...ever.
Rocky Williams on Feb 23, 2011
Boys in the Hood?
JQM on Mar 1, 2011
Impressive! Most impressive.
John Doe on Feb 22, 2011
That was a surprisingly sweet and real trailer! Looking forward to the flick!
CisforCinema on Feb 22, 2011
I need to see this now.
DwainIBe on Feb 23, 2011
"A dark teen comedy about a half-black..." I had to laugh when I read that. I'm sorry and totally not digging, maybe it should be, "A dark comedy about a half-black, half-latino teenager..." I know it's a small thing, I'm just sayin' though... The trailer looks great, I'll put it on the list to check out. While I enjoyed Napolean Dynamite, I don't think everyone got it. This movie however looks like it'll have a little bit for everybody.
Markysri on Feb 23, 2011
Holy crap this came out of nowhere. The first trailer this year to make me feel something. Wow.
Lasafrog on Feb 23, 2011
wow that acting seemed terrible, and at least napoleon was shot pretty decent. how is this a dark comedy? cause he's black? terrible
Nocsyn on Feb 23, 2011
john s on Feb 23, 2011
its good :), was that Knoxville as a coach?? haha
it looks great the shot of the tree rising over the hill gave me chills im a sucker for artistic cinematography i hope it plays in my redneck ass town our theaters only play the "blockbusters" usually
anon on Feb 23, 2011
Wow, this actually looks quite interesting. I hope that it comes near me so I can watch it. I live near SF, though, so I'm hoping the chance is not that remote. Hope it does well at SXSW!
Chieze Okoye on Feb 23, 2011
That chick was really hot.
Mattias K. Nielsen on Feb 23, 2011
Duane on Feb 23, 2011
I thought the acting was bad at first, but it gets better a while into the trailer.
Guest on Feb 26, 2011
Yes, I will definitley see this movie.
Eric81375 on Mar 13, 2011