New UNC Head to Trim Down Excess Academic Programs?
It appears that new UNC president Tom Ross has opened the door to eliminating some of the system's duplicative or redundant academic programs.
According to the UNC General Administration Web site, there are currently 2,262 approved degree-granting academic programs ranging from agriculture to vocational evaluation. Closer examination reveals not only plenty of overlap and duplication, but also programs with relatively low numbers of graduates.


Prefrontal cortex oxygenation during incremental exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Molecular dosimetry of N-7 guanine adduct formation in mice and rats exposed to 1,3-butadiene.
In vitro studies of ferritin iron release and neurotoxicity.


This jumping spider was quite interactive and inquisitive, climbing all over my arms and hands and then stopping to study me and seemingly pose for the camera. Seeing and interacting with her up close allowed me to see her beauty and feel my connection with her. This experience radically changed my relationship with her. To me she is no longer a simple nuisance to be squashed, but a beautiful, complex part of the web of life (if you'll excuse the pun!) who deserves to live out her life undisturbed by me.


We are the BIG YELLOW STORE on the East side of Ashland Avenue.
That is: there are NO FREE Parking Lots anymore BUT there is PLENTY of parking.
We are easy to get to and easy to find.
We are located half a block South of Belmont and Lincoln, on Ashland, on the East side of the street across, accross the street from Petco and Hollywood Video. We are the big yellow building!
We recommend riding a bicycle on a nice sunny day and parking at the bike rack. However there are other convient ways to get here.
LINCOLN AVENUE BUS #11 going South get off at Belmont and walk South on Ashland; going North get off at Barry and walk West to Ashland and turn North.
Parking: half a block past Lincoln on Barry (one way West). there are metered parking lots behind the store, and across the street from us (entrance on Barry (one way West), there is metered and unmetered parking on Barry, and metered parking in front of the store on Ashland.
From Downtown or Evanston take Lake Shore Drive to Belmont and go West (East will get you all wet), to Greenview, go South (left), to Barry, turn West (right) to Ashland.
From the West, South or South West via Eisenhower (290), Dan Ryan (90/94) or Stevenson (55) Expressways go to the Kennedy (90) Expressway and exit at Fullerton (2400 N.) exit, turn right (East) go to Ashland Ave. turn left (North) go to Barry (3100 N.) OR at the Downtown Interchange (where 290, 90 and 94 meet) go East to Lake Shore Drive to Belmont and go West (East will get you all wet), to Greenview, go South (left), to Barry, turn West (right) to Ashland.
From the North or North West via the Edens (94) or the Kennedy (90) Expressways take the Kimbel/Belmont exit turn right (South) on Kimbel then turn left (East) on Belmont , go to Ashland turn right (south). We are 1/4 block from the corner of Ashland and Belmont.


Removed old thermostat by cutting wires, installed new andnothing.
Checked wires and diagram- everything ok.
Put back the old one, same thing.
Old thermostat controlled both AC and Heat.
Did not disconnect power while doing it yes, I know.
Fuses are ok, both in panel and in thermostat.
Not my Trailer: ( neighbors: ( need ideas.
What type of trailer and what heater and AC are on the unit? I am guessing that cutting the wires while power was on could have damaged the control transformer if you cut them all at once. First thing to do is to look for control voltage from the unit. Do you have a meter to test for voltage from the transformer?
It is a starcraft, autumn ridge model, 309. Its 2 years old. Not sure on the ac or furnace make.
I cut all of them one by one. I do have a meter.
Find out what make/model of AC & thermostat you have and find a wiring diagram (online) that shows what voltages are supposed to be there. (For starters, probably red to white should be 12v DC.) If you don't have voltage, trace the red wire back to where but comes from (in the AC I expect).


Michael Capponi, a former South Beach nightlife promoter who has run emergency supply missions to Haiti and Guatemala, is now focusing his work on the Colombia-Venezuela border.
Capponi's nonprofit, the Global Empowerment Mission , partnered with I Love Venezuela , a Miami-based nonprofit that provides aids to active nongovernmental organizations.
After returning to Miami International Airport on Wednesday, Capponi said the need is dire.
"There are mothers with children who have nowhere to sleep," Capponi, 46, said.
Most of the Venezuelans crossing the border gather what they need and return to Venezuela, but every day thousands decide to stay in Colombia. Some are on their way to other South American countries.
"It looks exactly like at the end of a Super Bowl; everyone is rushing out," Capponi said. "That's how quickly people are literally walking across the bridge and they have a bag and that's it."
Santi Chumaceiro, the president of I Love Venezuela , said they need more corporate donations of food and supplies, before heading back to the Colombia-Venezuela border in a few weeks.
There is hope that the political change in Venezuela could allow the humanitarian aid to get to Venezuela, but that is uncertain. The nonprofit organizations are among a network in the U.S. that is preparing for the possibility. The nonprofits need donations.
A staggering inflation in Venezuela and shortages of food, medication and basic medical equipment have created a growing economic crisis. Capponi and Chumaceiro have also partnered with Motorrad Angels, a group of volunteers delivering medical assistance.
For more information on how to contribute to the effort visit Global Empowerment Mission , I Love Venezuela or Motorrad Angels .


More than a year after the company officially declared bankruptcy, Vertu has risen from the dead to announce their very latest luxury smartphone with a $5,000 price tag.
Unveiled in China, the Vertu Aster P is the latest in the line, which was last updated in 2014. Much like every other Vertu phone sold previously, the Vertu Aster P is handmade in England with ultra-premium materials.
Speaking of those, the Aster P has a Grade-5 Titanium frame and the display is made from a single piece of 133-carat sapphire crystal glass. This should make it lightweight and tough — not that we're expecting a review unit heading our way anytime soon.
Round the back, luxury materials continue to be used, with the entire back covered in a mixture of crocodile and lizard leather. You can get the leather in a range of colors too if you're an adventurous millionaire.
The concierge button comes back with Aster P, with the dedicated red button on the side that gives 24/7 direct access to your own personal butler. The things rich people do to feel important, eh? The back also includes gull-wing doors for SIM tray access — dual nano-SIMs only — under each door you'll find the signature of the craftsman that made the unit you purchase.
Now the specs are the most confusing aspect of the entire package — well, the price too. The Vertu Aster P packs in a mid-range Snapdragon 660 CPU, 6GB of RAM and 128GB of onboard storage. The AMOLED display measures in at 4.9-inches at a 1920 x 1080 resolution. Everything is powered by a 3,200mAh battery.
The rear has a 12-megapixel camera and the front-facing camera measures in at 20-megapixel. Clearly, Vertu thinks that potential buyers prefer selfies over scenic snapshots. It will run Android Oreo out of the box, unsurprising given the rest of the specs.
Only officially available in China, the device is up for pre-order at an eye-watering 35,800¥ (~$5200) for the Black or White version. If gold is more your style, then expect to shell out 98,000¥ (~$14,150).


This course teaches you the fundamentals needed to optimize throughput by using Kanban for your projects. If you approach things the right way, you can use Kanban in development and still adhere to Automotive SPICE® requirements.
Participants gain an overview of Kanban in an automotive environment.
4) How can I use Kanban in keeping with Automotive SPICE®?
Participants typically work in electronics development (OEM or supplier) and have front-line involvement in projects every day. They may be team leaders, group leaders, or project managers and they are expected to complete projects with military precision despite the conflicting interests of their own management, co-workers, and clients.
Do you need further information on how to introduce agile development methods and practice while still adhering to industry standards? We give a clear explanation of how the benefits of Scrum and Kanban can work to your advantage in the development of body electronics.
Agile in Automotive? With us, you'll find it a lot easier.


TEHRAN – Head of Women's Basij Organization, Minoo Aslani, here on Sunday called on the new Majlis (parliament) to support female entrepreneurs to improve their economic activities.
One of the main gaps in the activities of female entrepreneurs is lack of support, especially for those women who do work-at-home jobs or those who work in the field of handicrafts, carpet-weaving in particular, she noted.
MPs can provide opportunities for women to fulfill their social duties and create a logical balance between their jobs, social activities, and family affairs, IRNA quoted Aslani as saying.
The plan to establish a parliamentary women's committee in the new Majlis can help realize women's goals, she said, adding that gender equality means that women can play their role in households as well as be active in the society.
Aslani also stressed the importance of utilizing women's capabilities and views in a way that it would not harm the foundation of family.


It was an extremely quiet trading session to start the week on Monday despite the Dow and S&P 500 sitting near new all-time highs.
Volume was anemic on a slow news day and the lone economic report released showed that ISM Non-manufacturing activity expanded strongly in July. The Nasdaq recorded a small gain on the session while both the Dow and S&P fell modestly.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average lost around 46 points, or 0.30 percent, to close at 15,612.
The S&P 500 declined a little less than 3 points, or 0.15 percent, to finish at 1,707.
The Nasdaq rose a little better than 3 points, or 0.09 percent, to 3,693.
The ISM Non-manufacturing index rose from 52.2 in June to 56.0 in July. This was the strongest reading for the index since February 2011 and easily topped consensus estimates which expected an expansion to 53.2.
Related: Herbalife rises even as Bill Ackman files SEC complaint against Soros' firm.
Crude oil was down slightly to start the trading week on Monday. In afternoon trade, NYMEX crude futures had lost 0.38 percent to $106.53 while Brent contracts were down 0.21 percent to $108.72. Natural gas was last lower by 0.33 percent and was trading at $3.34.
Precious metals also traded down on Monday. Near the close of equities, COMEX gold futures were lower by 0.70 percent to $1,301.30. Silver futures lost 1.22 percent to $19.67 on the day. Copper recorded a modest 0.25 percent loss and was last trading at $3.1645.
In the grains complex, both corn and wheat were lower on Monday. Corn futures fell 0.70 percent while wheat lost 2.31 percent. Movers in soft commodities included cocoa and lumber. Cocoa futures rose a little better than 3 percent while lumber fell 2.57 percent.
Treasury prices registered declines on Monday. Near the close of equities, the iShares Barclays 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF (NYSE:TLT) had lost 0.72 percent to $105.77. Yields rose as prices fell on the trading session.
Treasury yields were as follows on Monday afternoon: The yield on the 2-Year Note was 0.30 percent. The 5-Year Note was yielding 1.38 percent. The 10-Year Note was last yielding 2.64 percent while the 30-Year Bond yield was 3.73 percent.
Berkshire Hathaway reports double-digit earnings growth.
The U.S. Dollar was very modestly lower on Monday afternoon. At last check, the PowerShares DB US Dollar Index Bullish ETF (NYSE:UUP), which tracks the performance of the greenback versus a basket of foreign currencies, was down 0.07 percent to $22.15.
The closely watched EUR/USD pair had shed 0.20 percent to $1.3258. Other movers included the USD/JPY, which fell 0.59 percent, and the GBP/USD, which had lost 0.41 percent.
The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) moved slightly lower on Monday. At last check, the VIX was down 1.17 percent to 11.84. The 52-week low in the index is below at 11.05.
Monday was one of the lightest trading volume days in recent memory. Only around 42.6 million SPDR S&P 500 ETF (NYSE:SPY) shares traded hands compared to a 3-month daily average of 134 million.
Commodities trader buys the Boston Globe for $70 million.
Shares of Puma Biotechnology (NYSE:PBYI) rose throughout the trading session and were last up a little less than 9 percent. The reason for the move was not immediately clear.
Shares of AVG Technologies NV (NYSE:AVG) climbed almost 10 percent on Monday after the company announced the extension of a mobile security deal with Alcatel over the weekend.
Solar City (NASDAQ:SCTY) jumped around 8 percent in the wake of a bullish blog posting on Seeking Alpha. Investors may also be purchasing the stock on the expectation that the company will report strong earnings results later this week.
BlackBerry (NASDAQ:BBRY) surged almost 8 percent on Monday after images of what could be the company's next-generation BlackBerry 10 handset appeared online. The stock is heavily shorted as well, and short covering may also have catalyzed the move.
Revlon (NYSE:REV) added around 7 percent on Monday after agreeing to acquire beauty-care company Colomer Group from CVC Capital Partners for $660 million in cash.
InterDigital (NASDAQ:IDCC) lost 10 percent on Monday on concerns that a White House veto of a pending ITC ban may effect the companies own ITC infringement suits.
Prosensa Holding (NASDAQ:RNA) lost a little more than 8 percent on the session, although the catalyst for the move lower was not readily apparent.
E.W. Scripps (NYSE:SSP) lost around 11 percent after the company's fiscal second-quarter earnings fell 41 percent.
Fossil (NASDAQ:FOSL) fell around 6 percent on Monday after Barclays downgraded the stock to underweight ahead of the company's quarterly earnings report which is due out on Tuesday.
HSBC Holdings (NYSE:HBC) lost more than 4 percent on the session after the bank's financial results for the first half of 2013 disappointed investors.


On Jan. 14, Rep. Elijah E. Cummings, the Chairman of the Committee on Oversight and Reform, issued a press release that his office had sent letters to 12 drug companies seeking "detailed information and documents about the companies' pricing practices," including material regarding price increases, investments in research and development, and corporate strategies to preserve market share and pricing power. The drugs investigated include biologics Humira, Enbrel, and Lantus.
The press release noted that the letters are the "first step in the Committee's comprehensive review of pricing practices" and that the federal government "bears much of the financial burden of escalating drug prices" through its spending on Medicare Part D. That spending is projected to reach $99 billion in 2019.


text:
Category: Rome
5 Fierce Women from Antiquity You Should Know
Five Fierce Women in Antiquity
To celebrate International Women's Day, I'd like to talk about five powerful, clever and resilient female leaders in antiquity: Apama, Cleopatra II, Fulvia, Regilla and Zenobia.
When looking at women in the ancient world, it's important to recognise they had significant hurdles to exercising power in public spaces. It was generally oriented from the perspective, as Sarah Pomeroy writes, that "the private preceded the public: when public roles existed, they developed from family relationships." So strategic marriages, powerful parents and acting as regent for future rulers offered elite women many opportunities to exercise more authority than any other women in society at many points throughout history. By acknowledging that their pathways to power lay through their bonds to family relationships is not to say they lacked agency or diminish their accomplishments, but simply to contextualise the perspective through which power flowed. The five fierce females I've picked took power for themselves by hook or crook and were forces to be reckoned with, facing the triumphs and tragedies they were dealt.
1. Apama, the first Queen of the Seleucid Empire (4th century BCE)
Apama of Sogdiana, first queen of the Seleucid dynasty. Art by Z.Guertin.
Though there is not much written about Apama, I include her first on my list because she came into power from a politically disadvantageous position and ended up having three cities named after her and was key to the founding of the Seleucid dynasty of Asia Minor!
Apama was born into a high-ranking family in the Sogdian region of the Achaemenid Empire in the 4th century BCE. Apama's father, Spitamenes, was a powerful military leader who successfully led armed resistance against Alexander the Great. Spitamenes was murdered in Bactria by local clans wishing to sue for peace with the Macedonian army. It is unknown what transpired following this – with the elite women of Spitamenes' family or other Sogdian elites – but four years later, Apama was married to Alexander's top-tier Companion, Seleucus, at the Great Wedding of Susa. This was a mass marriage between Iranian noblewomen and the higher status Macedonian military, orchestrated by Alexander.
It is impossible to know what the women thought of this, since their voices are entirely absent from the record, and they were effectively high-status captives being married to an enemy army to cement their new political reality. Perhaps the elite women of Sogdiana were kept in relative protection like the captive women of Persian King Darius' household (Diod. 17.37.5-38, Curt. 3.12.15-26). Given the brutal circumstances of her father's death, it's unlikely this was a comfortable period of her life, however, she would climb to the highest position possible in the new empire that Alexander was carving into Asia Minor.
Apama was the only wife we know of from these unions who was not abandoned after Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE. It is very likely that she was a formidable person. Surviving and navigating the wars between the Macedonians in the Achaemenid territories, the wars of the Successors (Alexander's Companions) and carving out an empire with her husband across the largest and most ethnically diverse of all the territories was surely no easy feat. Seleucus took control of the conquered eastern empire and managed to hold it through the twists and turns of alliances, marriages and wars in the 20 years that followed Alexander's death in 323 BCE.
Her familial and cultural connections were likely assets to Seleucus holding this territory in the immediate aftermath of Alexander's death. Apama spoke the languages and understood all the court customs. Over nearly 30 years Apama and Seleucus raised three children, who were part of dynastic marriages themselves, and continued the dynasty they founded. Apama disappeared from the record around the time Seleucus took another wife, Stratonice, a princess of the Antigonid dynasty of Macedonia. Romantics suggest that it was only after Apama's death that Seleucus remarried again, and only for political gain. This is suggested since Seleucus allowed his son and heir to marry Stratonice when it became evident that they had a romance of their own.
2. Cleopatra II, Queen of Egypt (2nd century BCE)
Cleopatra III, Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra II. Art by Zofia Guertin.
It is always tricky talking about the Ptolemies. They all shared similar names and were constantly fighting and making alliances with one another. Also, check out the episode 'Dysfunctional Families' on Two Friends Talk History in series 1, if you're curious to hear more. Of the Cleopatra's in this dynasty, I think the famous though lesser-known Cleopatra II was a powerful queen who was dealt a difficult hand but gave as good as she got.
Cleopatra II was born (pre-145 BCE) into a period of war and instability, with two brothers who were frequently at odds with one another. This triad was a pretty dysfunctional, which I talked about in my podcast on their A+ level sibling rivalries. Early in the reign of Cleopatra, the Ptolemaic kingdom was involved in a series of ongoing wars with the Seleucid Empire, which at this point numbered six (170-168 BCE).
Cleopatra II was married first to her brother, the Ptolemy VI Philometor (mother-loving) in 175 BCE. They ruled well together and had several children, though they were essentially always at war with their younger brother, Ptolemy VIII Physcon (fatty). After the death of Philometor, Physcon to wrestle the throne from her which led to a civil war. While she had the stewardship of the kingdom, Cleopatra had been popular with the people, but their warring left her in a dangerous position. To protect her children from her first marriage she agreed to a political union and peace. They were married after 145 BCE and it was pretty rocky, with Game of Thrones levels of twists and turns.
Typically, writers characterise the breakdown of their marriage as some type of jealousy between mother and daughter. I would strongly disagree. After the birth of their son, and Ptolemy VIII's legitimate heir, he began a relationship with his teenage daughter-in-law, Cleopatra III. Things spiralled into another civil war once Ptolemy also married his wife's daughter in secret. Cleopatra II raised and army and tried to have her husband killed; Ptolemy VIII fled with his new bride and the children of his sister-wife. Like something out of a True Crime podcast, to punish his sister-wife he had his nephew and next in line for the throne murdered and sent to his estranged wife on her birthday. Obviously, Cleopatra II wasn't going to take this lying down, and continued to rule from Egypt alone while her exiled husband and daughter ruled from Cyprus from 132 – 124 BCE. This tore the country apart and weakened the empire. Eventually, the three monarchs were forced into a reconciliation, and they reigned together until his death. All. Three. Together.
Cleopatra II had a pretty nightmarish existence by modern standards, but what is fascinating is that through her leadership and strength she gained enough support from the Egyptian people to have them side with her time and again against her brother and managed to rule alone for over a decade. It was very unusual for a queen to manoeuvre a king out of power and hold on to it.
3. Fulvia, The First Lady of Republican Populists (1st century BCE)
Bust of Fulvia (as Nike) right / Athena standing left, holding shield and spear; [Z]MERTOR[IGOS/FILWNIDOU] in two lines in left field. Art by Zofia Guertin.
This Roman matriarch was a total boss. Criticised for her ambition, publicity and cleverness, Fulvia loyally supported – some suggest manipulated – the statecraft of the Roman Republic. The sign of an interesting woman, Fulvia was maligned by Roman historians and writers as "having nothing womanly about her except her body" (Vell.Pat. 2.74.2). Fulvia was a wealthy and well-connected noblewoman and though constrained by the norms of her day, she was active in politics, commanded the loyalties of street gangs and armies in the Late Republic. Through her three marriages to several of the most powerful and popular Roman political leaders of the first century BCE, Fulvia even went to war against the future Augustus – her son in law! Fulvia is definitely one of my all-time favourites.
Fulvia's rise to fame was established through her first two marriages to Publius Clodius Pulcher and Gaius Scribonius Curio. Both marriages were cut short by their violent deaths, Clodius by political murder and Curio through military action in Africa. It was her marriage to Clodius that cemented her in the A-list of elite Roman women; Clodius was a massively influential populist leader of the Populares faction (leader of the Plebians). He mobilised gangs and incited violence to suit his causes, seriously aggravating the conservative elite (Optimates) faction, which led to his murder. Fulvia, politically savvy from the start, used her position as the mourning wife of a famous man to show how devoted she was and how his name lived on through her. Every future connection she made drew on the persona she cultivated in the wake of Clodius' death – that of the dutiful and noble wife. By the time of her third marriage, to Marcus Antonius, she was stratospherically powerful. According to Cassius Dio, Fulvia controlled the politics of Rome through her financial and personal influence on senators and the public.
In the wake of Caesar's death and Octavian's ascension into Roman politics, he and Marcus Antoinus and Lepidus formed a second Triumvirate. This alliance was cemented through his marriage to Fulvia's daughter (Marcus Antonius' stepdaughter), Claudia. This went south relatively soon after which relations between Octavian and Antonius soured by 41 BCE. Fulvia spoke to senators on behalf of her husband and then raised an army to defend her family's interests while Marcus was abroad. She worked with Marcus' brother Lucius to raise eight legions against Octavian to protect her husband's interests where she felt he was being side-lined. This brought Fulvia and Octavian to war in 41 BCE, called the Perusine War.
Fulvia and Lucius Antonious' army occupied Rome briefly, though eventually they were forced to take refuge in Perusia. Marcus appeared to be unaware of the conflict, accused in poetry, of all places, of being too busy with affairs in Cappadocia (with Glaphyra) to resolve his wife's jealousy. The poem is racy but worth having a look (Martial 11.20). Things did not go Fulvia's way and she had to flee to Greece, where, apparently, Marcus rebuked and abandoned her. Fulvia died soon after in exile in Greece, and the newly reconciled Octavian and Marcus blamed the whole thing on Fulvia. Her legacy lived on in the children she bore in each marriage, and in infamy, as she became the counterpoint to what a "good Roman wife" should be. Appian blames her weakness and jealousy as the cause of the war (B.Civ 5.3.19). From antiquity onwards, Fulvia has drawn the short straw when compared to Octavia (Octavian's sister and Marcus' next wife), however I think there is a lot to learn from Fulvia's reach and impact on the politics of the time. Even though she was not technically allowed to participate, she left her mark and remains one of the few powerful women of the past we know a great deal about.
4. Regilla, Patroness in Greece 2nd century CE
Annia Regilla, drawn from a statue of her daughter. Art by Zofia Guertin.
Appia Annia Regilla was born in 125 CE into a wealthy family with significant influence as relatives of the Roman Empress Faustina the Elder, wife of Antoninus Pius. Regilla was 14 years old when she was married to the richest man in Greece, Herodes Atticus, who was 40 years her senior. This was a fairly typical age differential among the elite, whereas the lower classes typically married much closer in age. Herodes served under Hadrian as a prefect of the Province of Asia, then tutored Antoninus Pius' adoptive sons, the future Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
When the couple resettled in Greece, Regilla was part of the upper echelon of Greek elites and welcomed into service as a priestess to Tyche and Demeter Chamyne (in Olympia). This priestess position allowed Regilla the unique honour of being the only woman present at the Olympic Games in 153 CE. From her own funds Regilla dedicated a monumental fountain (nymphaeum) in Olympia with a bull statue in her own name and decorated the fountain with statues of the Antonines and her own family. Herodes commissioned an aqueduct to channel water into this fountain.
Regilla commissioned many architectural works that highlighted her family (she had four children with Herodes) and their links to the ruling imperial family in Rome. It was not commonly the case that women would dedicate benefactions in their own names; more frequently these dedications would be in the names of their family or alongside a male relative. Regilla seemed to have her own interests in doing things for herself, acutely acting by her own agency to leave her mark. It's fortunate she did. In 160 CE, while heavily pregnant, she was murdered by her husband or a member of his household. Her family brought suit against Herodes, as there was no doubt it was not an accident. Marcus Aurelius stepped in and prevented his former teacher's prosecution and that was the end of it. The following year Herodes dedicated the spectacular Odeon of Athens in memory of his wife, in 161 CE, which still stands today at the foot of the Acropolis. Herodes spent the rest of his life building monuments, giving expensive gifts to religious organisations and inscribing surfaces with professions of his never-ending grief for the loss of his wife. To see photos of the buildings and decorations Herodes and Regilla sponsored, you can check out my post here on Herodes Atticus!
5. Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra
Zenobia of Palmyra. Art by Zofia Guertin.
Zenobia was the next in a line of scary eastern queens that shook the Romans in their sandals. Zenobia led a revolt against the Romans from Palmyra which spread into Egypt and Asia Minor and led to war.
Zenobia was married to the Palmyrene chieftain Septimius Odenathus, a client king of the Romans, who was subsequently murdered in 267 CE. Odenathus had kept the eastern Roman provinces together against the threat of the Sassanians, once he died, Zenobia continued this policy and remained loyal to Rome. This change in relationship status allowed her to be the sole ruler while acting as regent for her young son. Once in control of her own court and interests, Zenobia seems to have been a patroness of the arts and literature, creating a court of intellectuals and beacon of culture. Fluent in several languages, Zenobia learned Greek and was given a History of Alexandria by Callinicus. It is not hard to imagine that she was visualising herself as a new Cleopatra VII, since the Romans were certainly projecting that on to her at the time.
When the Roman Emperor Claudius Gothicus died in 270 CE, Zenobia took the opportunity to revolt against the Empire. Emperor Aurelian fought the armies of Zenobia at Antioch and Emesa, then put down her supporters' rebellions in Egypt.
Aurelian defeated the queen and took her hostage back to Rome. Achieving one symbolic victory over a foreign eastern queen that was denied the Romans when, instead of capturing Cleopatra VII she took her own life in Alexandria, Aurelian paraded the captured queen in a triumph in 274 CE. If we are to believe the Historia Augusta, a problematic source document but cited none the less, the text also suggests that the queen was retired to an estate on the Tibur. Aurelian is said to have praised her intelligence, military acumen and beauty, praising her as a worthy adversary.
What About Other Women?
The daily lives of women in the Roman world are often characterised as within the home. For women of elite social status, that was in a large part accurate, though not the entire story. From wealthy households, low-income families or the enslaved, women in the Roman Empire were skilled in a broad array of professions which might surprise you.
As now, not everyone could be a homeowner or afford staff, fine objects or even decorations of any kind. Those who could afford a home (domus) would use it as part of how they communicated their status to the outside world. A well-off family might display portraits of ancestors (women and men) in the central hall of their domus, in the atrium. How a matriarch ran an elite home involved many staff and servants, and she might have had to do so alone for many years while her husband was away on campaigns, or in advantageous political posts. The matriarch would have been in charge of assets, correspondences, keeping clients connected to their patron and so on. The nuance of 'a wife's work' in this context really extended into areas like accountant, personal administrator, event planner and social networker. The house staff might include cooks, laundresses, gardeners, pastry chefs, spinners and weavers, hairdressers, butchers, cleaners, waiting staff, artists and artisans – if they were having mosaics installed said atrium or maybe a fresco painted on the wall- and the list could go on. Many of these jobs could be performed by women, and this is only a small fraction of the types of employment if you were a freeperson. Enslaved women might do many of these jobs as well.
In antiquity as ever, having educated or skilled daughters was a means to greater financial stability for the family and into their own adulthood or marriage later on. If a woman came from a family in the trades, it stands to reason she would participate in some way within that trade, and thus her knowledge and expertise would increase her desirability as a partner. Pliny the Elder mentions female painters in The Natural History, who were paid and perceived favourably to their male counterparts. He lists several women whose fathers trained them in the arts: Timarete, daughter of Micon was renowned for her panel painting; Irene daughter of Cratinus (a painter), painted mythical characters and daily life scenes; Aristarete, daughter of Nearchus, painted the god Aesculapius. He notes Iaia of Cyzicus remained single but was a prolific painter of women's portraits, whose talent and expedition were unmatched; Pliny says she was even paid more than well-known male painters whose works filled galleries (HN 35.40.83-87).
With these professional pathways for women in the ancient world in mind, I have created a series of colouring sheets with an activity related to the characters from Vita Romana! If you'd like to explore the different roles of women in the Roman period.
You can download it here!
Milnor, K. (2011). 'Women in Roman Society'. In The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World. The Oxford Handbook of Social Relations in the Roman World, 2011-02-01, Vol.1. Oxford University Press.
Pomeroy, S. (2009). The Murder of Regilla : A Case of Domestic Violence in Antiquity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Rowlandson, J. (1998). Women and society in Greek and Roman Egypt : A sourcebook. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Whitehorne, J. (1994). Cleopatras /, London; New York: Routledge.
Author ZofiaPosted on March 8, 2021 May 11, 2021 Categories Aegyptiaca, classical archaeology, cult of Isis, cyprus, Egyptian gods, hellenistic athens, herodes atticus, illustrating, odeon, Odeon of Herodes Atticus, roman athens, Roman North Africa, Roman Syria, Rome, UncategorizedTags art, ClassicsLeave a comment on 5 Fierce Women from Antiquity You Should Know
16. Studying the Regina Caeli: the journey so far into the cult of Isis.
"I divided the earth from the heaven. I showed the paths of the stars. I ordered the course of the sun and the moon". (Kyme Aretalogy in honour of Isis)
Since backpacking in Europe in 2001, I have been drawn to images and archaeological sites relating to Isis. There are some things that just strike the right chord for you. My first experience with Isis (in a Greco-Roman style) was at the Capitoline Museum in Rome.
Capitoline Isis, Rome (2014).
The statue fit my understanding of what classical sculpture was, and simultaneously had something a bit unusual. The features were so exquisitely carved, and the goddess's accoutrements were unlike anything I had seen before. While visiting Pompeii during the same trip, I didn't quite make the connection between the figure in the statue that I'd seen in Rome and the temple in which I had been standing.
During my undergraduate studies, I came across her again while reading Lucian's 'Metamorphosis (The Golden Ass)'. My attention was drawn to the way that Lucian described the power of this mysterious foreign goddess. What was so brash about Lucian's novel was how much he subtly revealed, through winks and nods, about the mystery cult. He described esoteric celebrations, events and magical healing, all the while saying, 'but it's a secret, so I can't really talk about it'. The story is familiar, in a Shakespearean kind of way, through all the hubris, metamorphoses, changes of fortune, and bawdy humour.
Isis-Thermoutis, Musee des Beaux Arts, Lyon (2017).
I was fascinated by this religious movement and how it functioned within the religiously pluralistic Roman society. Isis and her cult would ultimately provide some of the foundation of early Christian practices such as baptism, in addition to the depictions with Horus (the infant nursing on her lap is a dead ringer for the baby Jesus), presaging the metamorphosis into the Virgin Mary.
Isis (holding the snake) and Io (sitting atop the shoulders of the personified Nile) wall painting, Museo Nazionale Napoli (2014).
Jumping in with both feet, I was excited and wanted to understand more about this deity. However, my introduction to the topic began at a much later point in the history of the Cult of Isis; to understand the cult and its significance, I would need to go farther back and approach it more broadly. My Masters at the University of Edinburgh was spent exploring the Greek and Hellenistic routes of the cult, from multiple angles, to start filling in the picture (and creating many of my own pictures).
Some of my sketches of Isis statues over the last 4 years.
Isis's power as a deity in Egypt rested in being the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus. She bridged the continuity of kingship from one king to his descendant. Her original function as the literal and symbolic role – as the throne and king-maker in Ancient Egypt – changes quite dramatically once the cult is exported into Greece and Italy.
Isis cradling Horus – from the MET archives.
While the period of Isis worship in the pre-Hellenistic era (before 323 BCE) is interesting, what has captivated me more specifically is what happens with the cult in the Hellenistic-to-Roman period. Like a character from Sailor Moon, she gained many headdresses, wands, tools, and visual associations with other deities (Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Nike).
This is the period that I focused on during my MSc, researching the symbols and iconography over time, with an emphasis on the tiny figurines used in her worship. What I discovered was that her strength was in her flexibility. Her image could be adapted to all needs, wants and interests. She could be a local or international deity. She could be closely affiliated with a particular ruling dynasty, or one specific location.
Another investigation looked at the cult's relationship with Athenian government in Delos, and some of the territorial quarrels that occurred between temples run by different factions on the island. The evidence of a push and pull scenario between Delos' new overlords (the Athenians) and the previous residents, in the mid-second century BCE. Running cults was big business and politically useful to establishing ones career, and the Athenians had no interest in allowing an Alexandrian 'Egyptian' to maintain a monopoly on the worship of Isis in this economically powerful port.
While few temples of Isis remain in even remotely good shape, Pompeii possesses on of the most famous examples.
Temple of Isis and her #1 fan, Pompeii (2016).
Pompeii had one of the best-preserved temples (though most of the decorations were long since removed and put in museums). It was fascinating to see the spread of Egyptian-looking artefacts which tend to denote cult membership. The items that were recovered from Pompeii are varied and showed decorations and materials of incredibly high quality that were made for, and used by, the Temple of Isis.
Another leg of the journey in my first large research project involved a trip to Palestrina (ancient Praeneste), some 40 km east of Rome. Part of what I wanted to see was the Egyptian artefacts, which remain some of the most exquisite examples of mosaic work from ancient history.
The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina, Italy (2014).
The Nile Mosaic of Palestrina was breath-taking in person and represented an interesting fusion of culture and appropriation of the Hellenistic Alexandrians and the native Egyptians. Although it is an uneven cultural balance, with the prioritising of the Macedonian elite over the native Egyptians.
It is a rare gem of the exquisite mosaic work that was part of art market in Italy, before the Rome dominated the Mediterranean. It highlighted aspects of Egyptian cult which would find its way into Italy, though altered for Italian tastes.
So, what is next?
Isiac procession relief, Palazzo Altemps, Rome (2014).
This September I will be stepping into the subject and delving deeper into urban design, Egyptian architecture and the art styles that appear in Roman cities. There are so many aspects and angles to investigate with this topic, and being able to work on a PhD toward this end is like a dream come true. There are still so many sites, statues, and sistrums to see in my journey into my studies of this Cult of Isis!
A bientot!
Author ZofiaPosted on May 22, 2017 February 23, 2021 Categories Aegyptiaca, ancient history, archaeology, art history, classical archaeology, cult of Isis, Egyptian gods, history, Italy, mystery cults, Oriental gods, PhD, roman archaeology, Rome, Sarapis, sculpture, southern Italy, study abroad, travel, travel photography, UncategorizedTags art, Classics, research, travelLeave a comment on 16. Studying the Regina Caeli: the journey so far into the cult of Isis.
12. Baiae: the original Sin City
Ancient Baiae Whilst I was excavating in Policastro Bussentino, I decided to use my down-time productively and get to know the cities in southern Italy. The train routes were cheap and plentiful along the Tyrrhenian coastline, with beautiful views on this regional train ride from Napoli Centrale.
One such a day trip, I ventured from Naples on an ambitious outing to see some ancient cities of Magna Graecia. I say ambitious because by foot it is a very long walk from Baiae to Cumae along a winding hillside with no shoulder or footpath- all in all, a 15 mile walking day. When I arrived at the ancient town of Baiae in Gulf of Puzzuoli, I had the unique experience of being in a spectacular archaeological site entirely alone. It was a beautiful clear morning and I rocked up without having purchased a ticket (tickets you are supposed to buy at Cumae first then head over to Baiae, unbeknownst to me). Luckily, the park steward let me in for free and after I explained my disorientation! The archaeological park was stunning, as you can see. The multi-story bath complex was built into the hillside, and standing atop the complex it is not hard to imagine why the super-rich of the Republican period into the Principate were drawn to this place. This area was rich in volcanic activity (Vesuvius is very close, of course) which the Roman architects and engineers were able to channel into sulphur springs – perfect for hot baths! There seemed to be endless rooms, and many with mosaic floors still remaining in situ. The mosaics are, appropriately, water-themed with divinities and typical meander and wave patterns. Water and neglect have left them in the current state of disrepair they are in, but you can see evidence of the gorgeous technical ability. A surprising amount of painted plaster was still visible as well, with typical decorative motifs and some strange ones. The frescoes date to two particular stylistic phases: the middle of the 1st century A.D., called the 3rd Pompeian style (notably because of the 'Egyptianising' features they possess. That stuff is my research jam, and I shall in due course dedicate many 1's and 0's of the internets to discuss it.
Below I've tried to highlight the figures which have zoomorphic features and elements meant to evoke Egypt (costumes and symbols). A later, 2nd century A.D. phase is also present, which could be viewed as slightly irregular and a bit shabbier in execution. This little green dragon below was part of that later design. Temples, Pools or …?
There were a few cisterns still, and one was even fully intact. The echo inside made singing sound like I was using a microphone. Yes, I sang a few Disney songs before giving my spot to the tourists who were waiting at this point, bemused, outside. Nothing like being in a archaeological sites for belting out tunes (Florence and the Machine). Amusingly, it wasn't until a month later I learned the name of it was called the "Temple of the Echo". While not a temple, the name was still pretty on point.
Top-view of the cistern"Temple of the Echo"
Inside the "Temple of the Echo"
The 'Temple of Diana' that lay just outside of the archaeological park is a husk of its former self, but still pretty damn impressive. This was built during the reign of Hadrian, one of the greatest building emperors of the Roman Empire. The influx of funds in the 2nd century A.D. – which manifested earlier in the frescoes being added to – coincides with the building of this structure. Called a temple erroneously, it has been argued to be a pool, a further spectacular addition to the bathing complex. As I neared the bottom of the hillside, I could see a MASSIVE temple-looking structure, across the (modern) street, outside of the bath complex. I stood to sketch it for a while, and saw that it was a 'Temple of Venus', which, given the history of this elite spa-town, would have made perfect sense. Prolific in his building, this massive Hadrianic era building could have been a casino, pool, or possibly religious building- all suggestions I read at the site. The lingering naming of the building, 'Temple of Venus' betrays the varying perceptions of it that carried on over the last thousand years since it was in use.The political landscape in Rome during the late Republic into the Principate involved the elevation of the Julio-Claudians and funding to their parton deity- Venus. Julius Caesar had a villa in the area, and other notables like Pompey Magnus, Caligula and Septimus Severus all frequented the area.
Temple of Venus at Baiae
Augustus (nephew to Julius, nee Octavian) took over the entire complex (and much of the town), adding it to his sizeable imperial property. Controlling where the rich went to relax, socialise and play was pretty much Augustus' raison d'etre during his early formation of how the empire would be run.
Anyone watching the Versailles (2015) series right now could imagine the same processes occurring in Rome under Octavian as was happening in the court of Louis XIV. Like the French nobles who were forced to adopt new practices and behaviours, Rome's elite probably required some wrangling to stay in the lines as Augustus delineated them. Controlling spaces goes a long way towards controlling behaviours and shaping ideas.
Squinty little study of shapes at the Temple of Venus
The analogy of Versailles can be taken farther, as Baiae developed a reputation for moral bankruptcy, with salacious and scandalous behaviour taking place in the steamy rooms of this wellness retreat. One commentator on the depravity of Baiae's baths and wellness centre was Seneca the Younger, describing it as a "vortex of luxury" and amusingly, "harbor of vice". I suspect he may not have been on the guest list for the sexier parties.With Romans, physical wellness was linked with spiritual wellness. The presence of temples in a site like this would make a lot of sense. A significant part of the blue-bloodedness of Julius Caesar, and thus his descendants, was his claim of being related to the divine being Venus (through Aeneas, of Trojan war and founding Rome fame). He is a big deal in mythology, and would have been in the eyes of the Roman people. To claim mythical descent through him to Venus, the Julians linked themselves to the divine.It would be very appropriate then to have a bloody great big temple in this playground of the wealthy with their patron deity stamped allover it. When sacrifices and homages were being paid to that divinity, the connection to the Imperial family couldn't have been far from the person's mind. Not surprising then, that as time and memory faded the original meaning of these buildings more mundane structures, nestled along the coast, took on impressive religious connotations.
Ciao !
Author ZofiaPosted on August 9, 2016 February 23, 2021 Categories ancient history, art history, Baia, classical archaeology, history, Magna Graecia, Rome, Seneca, southern Italy, travel, travel photographyTags Classics, travelLeave a comment on 12. Baiae: the original Sin City

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Macleaniella is a genus of deep-sea limpets in the family Cocculinidae.

Species
Species within the genus Macleaniella include:

 Macleaniella moskalevi Leal & Harasewych, 1999

Distribution
Macleaniella moskalevi is endemic to Puerto Rico Trench.

Description
The shell of Macleaniella moskalevi is small and cap-shaped. The maximum recorded shell length is 5.17 mm.

Habitat
Minimum recorded depth is 5184 m. Maximum recorded depth is 8595 m.

Life cycle
Simultaneous hermaphrodites.

References

External links

Cocculinidae
Monotypic gastropod genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Manny Pacquiao and Lucas Matthysse pose for the media ahead of their world title bout.
PHILIPPINE legend Manny Pacquiao challenges Lucas "The Machine" Matthysse for the World Boxing Association welterweight belt on Sunday, knowing defeat could lower the curtain on one of the greatest careers in boxing history.
Pacquiao, 39, faced calls to retire from friends, family and even his Hall of Fame trainer Freddie Roach after losing the WBO belt to Australian Jeff Horn a year ago.
A second successive loss, this time against the dangerous Argentine at Kuala Lumpur's Axiata Arena on Sunday, should have the veteran "National Fist" hanging up his gloves for good.
But victory for Pacquiao (59-7-2, 38 KOs), who has won world titles in an unprecedented eight weight divisions in a glittering 23-year career, would extend his legendary status and his life in the ring beyond his 40th birthday in December.
"I am not saying it will be the last (fight), but it will be the basis to think about (whether) to continue or not," Pacquiao told AFP at his training camp.
But "Pac-Man's" conditioning coach Justin Fortune thinks the world will see "the old Pacquiao" return and silence those who question whether his ageing body still has the ability to compete against the world's best.
Pacquiao is going for his 60th victory since turning pro in 1995, but despite winning 38 of his first 47 fights by knockout, he has not stopped an opponent in nine years.
"He looks like the old Pacquiao," declared Fortune of the boxer, who is also an elected senator in the Philippines and is tipped one day to run for president.
"His metabolism is ridiculous. He's a freak."
Matthysse (39-4, 36 KOs) paid tribute to Pacquiao but warned that his admiration for one of the world's greatest pound-for-pound fighters would not stop him from taking his belt back to South America.
"He is a great champion but he still hasn't faced 'The Machine'," Argentina's Matthysse told a pre-fight press conference.
"If he decides to retire after I beat him then that is his decision. I am here to defend my title."
Argentine WBA welterweight champion Lucas Matthysse.
Knock-out specialist Matthysse has finished 36 of his 39 wins inside the distance and took the vacant WBA belt after an eighth-round stoppage of Thailand's Teerachai Sithmorseng in January.
The Malaysian metropolis is hosting world championship boxing for the first time since heavyweight legend Muhammad Ali defeated Joe Bugner over 15 rounds in 1975.
And like buses, you wait 43 years for one world title fight and then four come along at once.
On the undercard, the interim World Boxing Association featherweight belt goes on the line when Mexico's Edivaldo Ortega (26-1-1, 16 KOs) fights unbeaten Philippine Jhack Tepora (21-0, 16 KOs).
Experienced South African Moruti "Baby Face" Mthalane (35-2, 24 KOs) defends his International Boxing Federation flyweight title against the unbeaten, but inexperienced, Pakistani Muhammad Waseem (8-0, 6 KOs).
Carlos Canizares of Venezuela (20-0-1, 16 KOs) puts his WBA light flyweight title on the line against Chinese rookie Lu Bin (1-0, 1 KO), who will make history if he wins.
Lu, 23, is a former youth world amateur champion bidding to become the first boxer to win a world title in his second professional fight.
The record for fastest to a world title, in terms of number of fights, is jointly held by Thai super lightweight Saensak Muangsurin and Ukrainian lightweight Vasyl Lomachenko, who both won championships in their third pro bouts.
Manny Pacquiao v Lucas Matthysse is set to get underway at approx. 11am AEST. You can purchase the fight on Main Event TV for $39.95, with coverage beginning at 10am.


text:
Miriarch (limba italiană: Miriarca) a fost conducătorul bizantin al trupelor trimise de împăratul Constantin al X-lea Ducas în anii 1060 și 1061 în catepanatul de Italia.

La sfîrșitul anului 1060, Miriarch a condus o puternică armată destinată recuceririi orașelor Taranto, Brindisi, Oria și Otranto, într-o tentativă de a readuce inițiativa militară din sudul Italiei de partea bizantină, într-un context în care aceasta deja trecuse de partea normanzilor. Miriarchus a reușit să înainteze până la zidurile orașului Melfi, dar asediul asupra acestei localități și-a pierdut din consistență odată cu sosirea trupelor normandului Robert Guiscard, proaspăt revenite dintr-o campania împotriva sarazinilor din Sicilia. Miriarch a fost succedat la conducerea trupelor bizantine din Italia de către Maruli, în 1061, într-un moment în care Robert Guiscard a început înaintarea în Apulia.

Bibliografie
Jules Gay, L'Italie méridionale et l'empire Byzantin: Livre II, New York, Burt Franklin, 1904.

Generali bizantini
Italia bizantină


Serenity Now is a new log cabin located in Lake Lure Village Resort. This home has a wonderful open floor plan on the main level. A combination living/dining area features cathedral ceilings, hardwood floors, comfy furnishings, high-top table & chairs & sliding glass doors onto the large deck. Just off of the living/dining area is a fully equipped, open kitchen surrounded by a wooden bar. Also on the main level, is a queen bedroom w/adjoining full bath with shower & the laundry area. The upstairs loft is also open, and has a queen sleeper sofa & a separate "nook" with a queen air mattress. The 2nd full bath with shower is on this level as well. . A large deck crosses the entire front of the home. Great outdoor furnishings & a nice big gas grill complete this great vacation cabin. Your family or group will enjoy the privacy that comes with being in the mountains, coupled with all the amenities in Lake Lure Village Resort- private lake access, marina, hiking trails, waterfalls & more. *Wi-Fi is not available in this home, as the owners want to offer a place for families to "unplug " and reconnect with each other. So...come on; dive in to a week or a weekend away from it all!!! And...just 2.5 miles to downtown Lake Lure & the Village of Chimney Rock, where you'll find boat tours, gem mining, old time photos, Mini-Golf on the river, shopping, restaurants, ice cream shoppe, and Chimney Rock @ Chimney Rock State Park.


People tend to make a bigger deal out of home run balls than they really should. With that in mind, it would be cool to catch a milestone, such as Adam Dunn's 400th career home run, which he hit in Kansas City on Saturday.
But would that souvenir be worth a potential night in the slammer?
One White Sox fan obviously thought so, as he went tumbling into the Kauffman Stadium fountains in order to retrieve No. 400. That's pretty frowned upon in K.C., as we've already seen this season. In addition to getting wet, jumping into the fountain is a shot to the wallet and results in a one-way ticket out of the ballpark.
To some fans, however, it just doesn't matter.
Check out Dunn's blast and the fan's plunge in the video below, courtesy of MLB.com.


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API limit exceeded false messages. Second time this week. App is compatible.
It first happened with Shipping Call for Shopping API. I opened a ticket on the compatible app check. they resolved it after a day or two. Now all of the sudden this is happening with other Calls from Shopping API (but not with shipping call). Ridiculous. Am I the only one having this issue?
I reported it via Compatible App check ticket. It got fixed only on Early Monday morning, I suppose since there was no one to look at during the weekend. It's unfortunate there's no one to monitor these things during weekends. I didn't pass any limit, seems like just another glitch, second time in a row that week.


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And life seems that little bit tougher.
Feel the heartbeat of another.
The racing pulse of our Mother.
Breathe some life into your wings.
Enjoy the comfort it brings.
In a tub of bath time bliss.
That thaws our frosted lips.
Universe, send us what may.
And let night fall away from the day.


text:
Weighing lysimeters aid study of water relations in tree and vine crops
California Agriculture > Volume 59 > Number 2 > review article
< Previous | Table of Contents | Next >
R. Scott Johnson, UC Davis, both stationed at the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center
Larry E Williams, UC Davis, both stationed at the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center
James E Ayars, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center
Tom J Trout, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center
California Agriculture 59(2):133-136. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v059n02p133
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Author Affiliations show
R.S. Johnson is Pomology Specialist, Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, both stationed at the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center; L.E. Williams is Professor, Department of Viticulture and Enology, UC Davis, both stationed at the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center; J.E. Ayars are Agricultural Engineers, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier. The authors express sincere appreciation for the technical assistance of Pete Biscay, David Clark, Dale Handley, Glenn Hoffman, Kevin Klassen, Richard Mead, Becky Phene, Claude Phene, Richard Soppe and Paul Wiley. T.J. Trout are Agricultural Engineers, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier. The authors express sincere appreciation for the technical assistance of Pete Biscay, David Clark, Dale Handley, Glenn Hoffman, Kevin Klassen, Richard Mead, Becky Phene, Claude Phene, Richard Soppe and Paul Wiley.
In 1986, two large weighing lysimeters, — one in a peach orchard and the other in a grape vineyard — were constructed at the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center as a joint effort between UC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Water Management Laboratory. Hourly weight changes in the lysimeters have been used to measure the daily and seasonal water use of trees and vines for nearly 20 years. Peaches and grapes exhibit similar seasonal crop-coefficient patterns that start as low as 0.1 in March, increase linearly until early July and then remain constant between 1.1 and 1.2 for the remainder of the season (provided the plants remain disease-, pest-and stress-free). The linear increase phase is proportional to the increase in canopy light-interception and leaf area. These relationships have facilitated modeling to predict crop evapotranspiration under various conditions. The peach lysimeter has also been useful for studying the effects of water stress on tree water use and for evaluating other methods of estimating water use.
Water is a critical resource in agriculture, and supplying the right amount is essential for healthy plants and optimum productivity. With insufficient water, plants become stressed and unproductive, and eventually die. With an excess, they can suffer from diseases, nutritional disorders and waterlogged soils. The most accurate way to estimate water use by crops is with a weighing lysimeter, which measures water loss from the plants and surrounding soil. A weighing lysimeter is simply a large "flower pot" resting on a sensitive, underground scale. Short-term weight loss from the system is almost entirely due to water transpired through leaves or evaporated from the soil surface.
UC pomology specialist R. Scott Johnson, above, adjusts the balance beam in one of two lysimeters constructed at the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center. These rare research tools are large and expensive to maintain, which is why so few of them exist around the world. For 20 years they have been the most precise method of understanding daily and seasonal water use in the San Joaquin Valley. Every hour soil evaporation and plant transpiration — crop "evapotranspiration" — is recorded. When a threshold value is exceeded, the trees or vines growing in the lysimeters are automatically irrigated.
While this technique is generally considered one of the most reliable because it is simple and direct (Aboukhaled et al. 1981), weighing lysimeters are expensive to install and maintain, so relatively few have been constructed around the world, especially to study perennial trees and vines. At the UC Kearney Research and Extension Center (KREC), we have had two of these instruments for nearly 20 years. They have been particularly useful for determining patterns of tree and vine crop coefficients, studying water-stress effects on water use, and evaluating other techniques for estimating water use.
Lysimeter and field design
In 1986, two large weighing lysimeters were constructed at KREC as a joint effort between UC and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Water Management Laboratory. Each lysimeter consists of an underground chamber that houses a balance-beam weighing system constructed by Fred Lourence (Precision Lysimeters, Red Bluff, Calif.) upon which rests a rectangular box measuring 6.5 feet wide by 13 feet long by 6.5 feet deep (Phene et al. 1991; Williams et al. 2003b). In constructing the underground chamber, soil was removed in 6-inch increments so it could be replaced in the box at approximately the same depth as the surrounding soil.
In spring 1987, two peach trees were planted in one lysimeter and two grape vines were planted in the other, and in each case the surrounding 3 acres were planted to the same variety and spacing. The grape variety was 'Thompson Seedless' (clone 2A) with 7-feet-by-11.5-feet spacing. The peach variety was initially 'O'Henry' (late-July harvest) on 'Nemaguard' rootstock, with 6-feet-by-16-feet spacing. In 1997, the mature 'O'Henry' trees were removed from the lysimeter and surrounding orchard and replaced in 1999 with 'Crimson Lady' (late-May harvest) peaches, which were also on 'Nemaguard' rootstock at the same spacing.
Fig. 1. Hourly crop evapotranspiration (ET) on June 9, 1996, as measured by the Kearney grape and peach lysimeters. Reference ETo was obtained from a nearby CIMIS weather station.
Each lysimeter has two separate irrigation systems, one below and the other above the ground. The underground irrigation systems are 12 inches and 24 inches deep in the peach lysimeter, and 16 inches deep in the grape lysimeter. Each underground system has 1-gallon-per-hour (gal/hr) emitters every 12 inches on either side of the plants. The aboveground irrigation systems consist of a single in-row line on or above the soil surface. The grape lysimeter's system is suspended 16 inches aboveground and has 1 gal/hr in-line drip emitters every 12 inches. The peach lysimeter's aboveground system had a 3.5-foot-diameter circle of ten 0.5 gal/hr drip emitters every 12 inches around each tree when planted with 'O'Henry', and a single 26 gal/hr emitter that fills a 4-foot diameter basin around each tree when planted with 'Crimson Lady'. Irrigation water is supplied by two 80-gallon polyethylene tanks suspended from and included in the total mass of the lysimeters.
In addition, the lysimeters can control the low-volume irrigation systems in the surrounding fields. The vineyard is irrigated by a single line of drip tubing suspended 16 inches above the soil with 1 gal/hr in-line emitters every 12 inches. Each tree in the peach orchard has a 6.7 gal/hr spray emitter with about a 10-foot radius.
The lysimeters have been in continuous operation since 1987. Every hour, the lysimeter boxes (including soil, plants and suspended irrigation tanks) are automatically weighed to determine water loss, which includes both soil evaporation and plant transpiration and is often referred to as "crop evapotranspiration," or ETc. The values are recorded with a data logger (Campbell Scientific Instruments, 21 XL Micrologger, Logan, Utah) and the mass change is compared to a threshold value. When this value is exceeded, the trees or vines are automatically irrigated. Generally, low threshold values have been used so that multiple irrigations per day are called for in the summer. This maintains soil moisture content close to field capacity and minimizes any water stress effects. At midnight each day, the water tanks are automatically refilled to a preset level, and the new lysimeter mass is set as the baseline for the next day.
Hourly reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) values are calculated by a modified Penman equation using weather data collected from a nearby CIMIS (California Irrigation Management Information System) weather station. This equation was developed by scientists to estimate grass ET and is used as a standard around the world. Daily summed ETc values are divided by daily summed ETo to provide a crop coefficient (Kc) for each day. Once a seasonal pattern of crop coefficients has been established, this information can be used to guide irrigation amounts. The crop coefficient multiplied by ETo for a given time period gives an ETc value for that same period of time. Then, after adjusting for irrigation efficiency, the amount of water to apply can be determined.
Fig. 2. Seasonal pattern of crop coefficients for mature grapevines (1996) and peach trees (average from 2001 to 2003) as calculated from lysimeters. Each data point is a weekly average. Regression lines are for data collected from bud-break through early July (about day 180).
Tree and vine crop coefficients
During normal midsummer days in central California, with hot temperatures and cloudless skies, the lysimeters generate smooth daily ETc graphs with minimal noise (fig. 1). During periods of unsettled weather, the lysimeter output is more variable from one hour to the next, but has generally followed the same pattern as ETo, resulting in consistent day-to-day crop-coefficient values.
The typical seasonal crop-coefficient pattern of mature plants for both peaches and grapes starts as low as 0.1 to 0.2 early in the spring and increases steadily until early July (fig. 2) (Ayars et al. 2003; Williams et al. 2003a). Grape is delayed somewhat compared to peach because it is more severely pruned and takes longer to develop its canopy. For the remainder of the season, the crop coefficients for both crops leveled off at values between 1.1 and 1.2. The seasonal pattern of young trees and vines has also been determined (Johnson et al. 2002; Williams et al. 2003b).
The Kearney lysimeter research has elucidated factors affecting the water use of trees and vines, allowing for the better estimation of crop coefficients under conditions different from those in the lysimeter fields. One factor that has clearly been demonstrated is between canopy light interception and tree water use (Johnson et al. 2000), or leaf area and vine water use (Williams et al. 2003a). This relationship holds true for both young and mature trees and vines. The steadily increasing crop coefficients throughout the spring (fig. 2) are primarily due to the tree or vine's expanding canopy and its increasing interception of light.
Left and center, construction of the two large weighing lysimeters at KREC began in 1986. Each lysimeter consists of an underground chamber that houses a balance-beam weighing system with a rectangular "flower pot" measuring 6.5 feet wide by 13 feet long by 6.5 feet deep. Right, researchers enter the completed lysimeter.
The Kearney peach lysimeter yielded a crop-coefficient pattern (Ayars et al. 2003) distinctly different from previously published values for deciduous fruit crops (Snyder et al. 1989). The published values, which were derived primarily from almond trees, start at about 0.5 in the spring and increase to peak values of less than 1.0. Thus, the lysimeter-derived peach crop-coefficient pattern starts much lower initially in the spring, but by midsummer reaches a higher plateau.
These differences can be attributed to differences in the canopy development of peach and almond trees. Almonds are minimally pruned and quickly develop a spur canopy (many short shoots), which has high light-interception in the spring. In contrast, peach trees are more heavily pruned and require extensive shoot growth before they develop a full canopy. These differences indicate that separate crop-coefficient values may be needed for different deciduous fruit-tree species and grapevines, depending on pruning and canopy development parameters.
The maximum midsummer crop-coefficient values of 1.1 to 1.2 are greater than those reported in the past for trees and vines. However, these values are not out of line with recent reports on a wide range of crop plants including beans, corn, cotton, sugar cane and pistachios (Allen et al. 1998). In addition, while other researchers have reported that crop coefficients decrease toward the end of the growing season (Williams et al. 2003a), these decreases were due to insect pest defoliation (Daane and Williams 2003) or irrigation cutoff (Ayars et al. 2003). Such late-season declines in crop coefficients were not observed in either lysimeter as long as the plants were kept healthy, free of pests and well watered. Therefore, even though there may be horticultural or pest management reasons for cutting back irrigation water at the end of the season, there does not appear to be a physiological basis for it. The Kearney lysimeter research has clearly demonstrated that as long as they are kept healthy, peach trees and grapevines are capable of using significant amounts of water throughout the growing season.
However, it is important to emphasize that the lysimeters measure water use under conditions of high soil-water availability, which are not necessarily the best conditions for optimum production, tree health and fruit quality. A study in the grape lysimeter vineyard showed that yields were maximized when moderate water stress was imposed by limiting water applications throughout the season to between 60% and 80% of lysimeter water use (full ETc) (Williams 2000). Likewise, there are many fruit-tree studies showing the benefits of imposing moderate water stress at different periods of the growing season. Ongoing research is needed to develop deficit-irrigation (less than full ETc) management strategies that optimize fruit quality, plant health and long-term productivity. To aid in irrigation management, a model to predict peach-tree water use has been developed using lysimeters to quantify the relationships among light interception, soil evaporation, tree dimensions and tree water use (Johnson et al. 2002, 2004).
Water stress and water use
The lysimeters have also been useful for evaluating how water stress affects various parameters, particularly water use. In 1996, the peach lysimeter was subjected to a 3-week drying cycle and during that time frequent measurements were made of soil water content, predawn leaf water-potential and midday stem water-potential (Mata et al. 1999). Water potential is measured with a pressure chamber and basically indicates the tension of water in the leaf. All three parameters showed strong correlations with tree water use.
For soil water content, tree water use started to decline when the available water content decreased by 20% in the top 33 inches of soil, and then declined steadily as the water content continued to decrease. For predawn leaf water-potential and midday stem water-potential there was a continual decline in water use across all values, suggesting that either measurement could be useful in determining how well irrigation is supplying full crop ETc and in assessing tree water stress. Similar relationships have also been found for grapevines (Williams and Araujo 2002).
A second study of more moderate water stress was conducted in the peach lysimeter in 2002. Three short-term drying cycles of about 1 week were imposed during 3-week periods in early June and again in late July. During each cycle, daily measurements were made of midday stem water-potential. As in the 1996 study, there was a linear decline in tree water use with decreasing midday stem water-potential values (fig. 3). Absolute water use was higher in late July than early June because of greater leaf area. However, the slope of the relationship was similar for both of these periods as well as during the 1996 study, which suggests midday stem water-potential might be a consistent tool for irrigation management in peach trees. Indeed, this measurement has proven to be useful both for predicting water stress and for helping schedule irrigation for a range of tree and nut species in California (Shackel et al. 1997).
Fig. 3. Relationship between peach tree crop-coefficient (Kc = ETc/ETo) and midday stem water-potential (MSWP) for two periods of three dry-down cycles (no irrigation for 5 to 7 days) in 2002. MSWP is expressed in units of mega-pascals (MPa), a measure of water tension in the plant.
Methods for estimating water use
Since a lysimeter is the most precise technique for measuring ETc, its output can be compared with that of other less expensive methods for validation. The peach lysimeter has shown that two such methods are inaccurate but that others may be promising. The two inaccurate methods are the heat balance technique for estimating sap flow (Shackel et al. 1992) and the use of leaf-to-air temperature differences, as measured by an infrared sensor to estimate stress (Medawar 1991). Promising methods, such as the measurement of stem water-potential mentioned above, also include the continuous monitoring of diurnal changes in trunk diameter (shrinking and swelling) as an irrigation guide (Fereres et al. 1999; Goldhamer et al. 2003). As more techniques for estimating water use are developed, such as those involving remote sensing or detailed meteorological data, the Kearney lysimeters will be valuable instruments for validation purposes.
The Kearney lysimeters have been in constant use since 1987. One lysimeter measures water use in peaches, top, the other 'Thompson Seedless' grapes, bottom. The lysimeters have provided more accurate evapotranspiration values for peach trees and grape vines, information necessary in irrigation management decisions that ultimately affect plant health and fruit quality.
Aboukhaled A, Alfara A, Smith M. Lysimeters. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No 39. FAO, Rome 1981.
Allen RA, Pereira LS, Ross D, Smith M. Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No 56. FAO, Rome 1998.
Ayars JE, Johnson RS, Phene CJ, et al. Water use by drip-irrigated late-season peaches. Irrig Sci. 2003. 22:187-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-003-0084-4
Daane KM, Williams LE. Manipulating vineyard amounts to reduce insect pest damage. Ecol Applic. 2003. 13:1650-66. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-5328
Fereres E, Goldhamer D, Cohen M, et al. Continuous trunk diameter recording can reveal water stress in peach trees. Cal Ag. 1999. 53(4):21-5.
Goldhamer DA, Fereres E, Salinas M. Can almond trees directly dictate their irrigation needs?. Cal Ag. 2003. 57(4):138-44.
Johnson RS, Ayars J, Hsiao T. Modeling young peach tree evapotranspiration. Acta Hort. 2002. 584:107-13.
Johnson RS, Ayars J, Hsiao T. Improving a model for predicting peach tree evapotranspiration. Acta Hort. 2004. 664:341-6.
Johnson RS, Ayars J, Trout T, et al. Crop coefficients for mature peach trees are well correlated with midday canopy light interception. Acta Hort. 2000. 537:455-60.
Mata M, Girona J, Goldhamer D, et al. Water relations of lysimeter-grown peach trees are sensitive to deficit irrigation. Cal Ag. 1999. 53(4):17-21.
Medawar C. Size and growth of O'Henry peaches related to water status of the tree evaluated as stem water potential and crop water stress index. M.S. thesis. California State University, Fresno 1991. 98 p.
Phene C, Hoffman GJ, Howell TA, et al. Automated lysimeter for irrigation and drainage control. In: Lysimeters for Evapotranspiration and Environmental Measurements. IR Div/ASCE, Honolulu, HI 1991. pp.28-36.
Shackel KA, Ahmadi H, Biasi W, et al. Plant water status as an index of irrigation need in deciduous fruit trees. Hort Technol. 1997. 7(1):23-9.
Shackel KA, Johnson RS, Medawar CK, Phene CJ. Substantial errors in estimates of sap flow using the heat balance technique on woody stems under field conditions. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. 1992. 117(2):351-6.
Snyder RL, Lanini BJ, Shaw DA, Pruitt WO. Using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for trees and vines. UC Cooperative Extension. DANR Leaflet 21428 1989. p.8.
Williams LE, Christensen LP. Grapevine water relations. Raisin Production Manual.. 2000. Oakland, CA: UC DANR Pub 3393. p. 121-6.
Williams LE, Araujo F. Correlations among predawn leaf, midday leaf and midday stem water potential and their correlations with other measures of soil and plant water status in Vitis vinifera L. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. 2002. 127:448-54.
Williams LE, Phene CJ, Grimes DW, Trout TJ. Water use of mature Thompson Seedless grapevines in California. Irrig Sci. 2003a. 22:11-8.
Williams LE, Phene CJ, Grimes DW, Trout TJ. Water use of young Thompson Seedless grapevines in California. Irrig Sci. 2003b. 22:1-9.
Johnson R, Williams L, Ayars J, Trout T. 2005. Weighing lysimeters aid study of water relations in tree and vine crops. Calif Agr 59(2):133-136. https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v059n02p133.
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R. Scott Johnson, Larry E Williams, James E Ayars, Tom J Trout
University of California, 2801 Second Street, Room 184, Davis, CA, 95618
Website: https://calag.ucanr.edu


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Q: creating "login using facebook" in blackberry app I have been researching a lot on implementing logging into my blackberry app using facebook login. I have downloaded the latest BlackBerry Facebook SDK from Sourceforge. I received two jar files and a "not at all useful" readme.pdf. Can somebody kindly tell me how do I use these jar files in my app? I am creating a game app for BlackBerry and I want to give the user, an option of logging in using his/her fb account. I went through that strawberry program classes but I could not find source helping me to login. I have implemented FB in android as well. and it works fine.
Briefing again
1) Help me out with Login using fb account for BlackBerry(using the jar files)
2) Any tutorial link or pdf giving a detailed explanation about using BB FB SDK.
FYI, I am using SDK version 0.8.25. Here is the link for list of different versions https://facebook-bb-sdk.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/facebook-bb-sdk/tags/
Thanks

A: Check ShowUserScreen class in the strawBerry App,there it will be go thr showuserAsync(),which will somehow invoke the browserfield,and after it will ask login option,and after enter the user and password,it will get thr Fb account,and you will get Information.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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As 2019 Flu Season Nears, a One-Time Vaccine Could Be Available Soon
baynews9.com
The flu is often mistaken for the common cold, but when the symptoms (body aches, chills, weakness, fatigue, and coughing) hit you suddenly, it is usually the first sign of a not so run-of-the-mill viral infection. The only weapon against it right now is the annual flu shot. But what if you could get a series of shots just once and not face that dreaded needle every year? The medical community has had some major breakthroughs towards a more permanent solution: a universal flu vaccine.
"The virus changes a lot," said Florian Krammer, a microbiologist at Mount Sinai's Icahn School of Medicine. "If you don't get vaccinated, you don't have protection against these newest variants. We have a hard time predicting this variance, but, often, we get it right."
Krammer's lab is one of several working to create a better, more stable flu vaccine that would potentially require a series of shots, just once. To do that, his team is targeting a different part of the virus than the traditional flu shot.
"There is a surface protein on the virus that the virus uses to attach to our cells, and that protein has two parts. You can imagine it like a mushroom," said Krammer. "The target currently with our vaccines that are on the market is the cap of the mushroom."
The current vaccines work when they match the dominant strains that are circulating. However, since it is the cap of the protein that changes, or drifts, as the virus moves from person to person, the flu vaccine doesn't always offer full protection.
"If [the virus] changes, the antibodies don't bind anymore and that happens very frequently," said Krammer.
The global push to find a universal flu vaccine has intensified in recent years, as more scientists are focusing on the stalk of the mushroom-shaped protein. "Typically the immune system doesn't like to target that part, but it's relatively conserved. [The stalk] doesn't change a lot," said Krammer. His lab was the first in the country to lead human clinical trials with a vaccine designed to target the stalk.
The interim results are published in the journal The Lancet Infectious Diseases. "We actually got the immune response we predicted we would get," said Krammer. Which means the vaccine successfully triggered the immune system to produce antibodies against the stalk. "That's a very important first step, but obviously there needs to be more work done."
This fall, the National Institutes of Health announced a new initiative: Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers program called CIVICs, which connects and funds institutions that are working on a universal vaccine, including Krammer's lab at Mount Sinai.
As the work on the vaccine accelerates, the one thing the public can do right now is get annual flu shots. The CDC says if vaccination rates increased by just five percent, 483,000 illnesses and 6,950 hospitalizations could be avoided. Just as with the measles, higher vaccine adherence could stop the spread of influenza. Even with recent measles outbreaks, as of October that virus is no longer being transmitted in the U.S. The measles is much more infectious than the flu, one person infects nine out of 10 unprotected people around them. With the flu, one infected person makes approximately two others sick.
So if measles can be contained, so can the flu, according to Krammer. "If you could get these vaccination rates up, and if you could make the vaccine a little bit better," he said, "we might not see flu seasons like we see them right now anymore."
Linda Bernstein, Pharm.D.
The Drug Report
Assessing the Asthma Management Guideline Updates
Matt Birnholz, MD
Kevin Fussell, MD
Medical Industry Feature
Integrating Telemedicine to Help Diagnose & Manage Severe Eosinophilic Asthma
FDA Issues EUA for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine


World War I FIRST SOME BACKGROUND The military conflict that lasted between August 1914 to November 1918, which involved many of the countries of Europe as well the United States and other nations throughout the world.
Real Jews Denounce Rothschild Zionism!
In the following video one must remember that when Zionism is spoken of by Dr. Duke, it is in reference to the secular Zionists aka; Teutonic Zionists aka; Rothschild Banking machinery. It is very important to realize that Judaism, aka; The Abrahamic Jews, are God fearing people and are not the Zionist mechanism of greed!


Nunc non turpis sed nibh fringilla elementum non mollis sem. Duis et nisl et felis feugiat placerat non nec odio.
Photography by Dan Martensen, styling by Clare Richardson, hair by Michael Long. Model: Cedric Bihar. Production by Caitlin Taffs at M.A.P New York.
Silk crape is woven of hard spun silk yarn in the gum or natural condition. There are two distinct varieties of the textile: soft, Canton, or Oriental crape, and hard or crisped crape. Thin crêpe is called crêpe de Chine ("Chinese crêpe").
Photography by Daniel Jackson, styling by Victoria Young, hair by Esther Langham, makeup by Francelle, manicure by Donna D, prop styling by Cristina Forestieri.
Photography by Metz + Racine, styling by Hannah Franklin, set design by Anna Burns.
Management and Production (M.A.P) was founded in London twenty years ago by the Director Julie Brown.


SFNOMA members are a diverse group of individuals engaged in the architecture and design profession; and part of a network of nation-wide professionals that uniquely implement the NOMA mission. What binds us together and fuels our volunteer activism is a duty to social responsibility and to actively address relevant social and environment issues, such as affordable housing, inclusiveness, and universal economic access.
 Join SFNOMA and be a part of a dynamic organization committed to excellence and positive change.
REINVENT,  rethink and consistently stay engaged with changing opportunities to engage our talent in the MultipliCITY .
EDUCATE  youth and underserved communities about architecture as a career, as well as its role as a present and historic cultural force.
ADVOCATE  for change in the needs of communities and expanded business development opportunities for our members.
CONNECT  professionals and students through networking and community action programs.
HIGHLIGHT the achievements and leadership undertaken by our members and those in allied professions.
We are going to have to have people as committed to doing the right thing to inclusiveness as we have in the past to exclusiveness.
Expand your REACH! Learn more about our programming and how you can get involved.


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Helictopleurus quadripunctatus är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Olivier 1789. Helictopleurus quadripunctatus ingår i släktet Helictopleurus och familjen bladhorningar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Bladhorningar
quadripunctatus


"Shtreiml, en guise de fierté identitaire, mais aussi d'affirmation transculturelle. Et quelle musique ! Mordante autant que délicate, portée par le klezmer et les racines juives de l'Europe de l'Est autant que par la Turquie, avec ces pulsions rock, funk, jazz qui déménagent ou ces inflexions bluesy et ces airs de valse qui font respirer."
"Shtreiml's appeal somehow manages to ascend beyond the sheer skill of its members. The group's music serves as an unexpectedly delicious and euphonious blend of genres."
"The music played by the Montreal-based collective can more succinctly be described as Turkish blues. The interplay between Ismail Fencioglu, an oud virtuoso from Istanbul, and harmonica player Jason Rosenblatt, wasn't far removed from the partnership of the legendary Chicago blues duo of Buddy Guy and Junior Wells...the band played innovative party music."
"From start to finish, Eastern Hora draws on countless influences, changing gears frequently but with great purpose. This is innovative instrumental music which refuses to be pigeonholed by simple categorization, from a band that continues to impress."
"The Flecktones is a touchstone here again and again, similar tonalities, approach and a high level of musicianship abound. This is an intriguing, inspiring work in many ways."
"From the band's opening klezmer funk riffs, right into the first tradeoff leads Rosenblatt and the band burned the house down bouncing back and forth between traditional klezmer and some new prog-rock influenced jam band fusion"
"Shtreiml came on an jet-propelled us into a paralel universe with an exotic mix of Turkish folk music and klezmer tunes. Theirs is truly a wild repertoire. "
"Rosenblatt and the band forge their own path into new musical ground...Infused with spirit of playful inventiveness, Spicy Paprikash is an album that continues to offer something new to the listener on each exploration."
"Some of the best world music to come out of Montreal."
"Shtreiml might just be the first klezmer act to really crack the jam-band scene. 8.5/10"
"Shtreiml just gets better. For an outstanding band, that is no small feat. This Montreal-based klezmer band mixed Yiddish song with new and old klezmer instrumentals on "Spicy Paprikash" in a way that makes everything feel fresh and wonderful. "
"Shtreiml's sophomore effort is a deliciously seasoned stew that combines blues/rock arrangements of klezmer standards with newly composed music that hearkens back to traditional styles."
"...KLEZMER WILL NEVER BE THE SAME..."
"There's no disputing that Jason Rosenblatt is a gifted musician. He cites the likes of Sonny Terry, Howard Levy and John Popper as his harmonica "teachers," and he certainly does them proud."
"Sometimes my ears need to be shaken up. This CD is just such a shake-up. It's a marvelous breath of fresh air and rhythm. I hope that it is merely the first in a long line of CDs by Rosenblatt and the talented Shtreiml."
"Rosenblatt succeeds, through techniques described as "note bending, overblowing and overdrawing," in making the harmonica a klezmer instrument."
"From the first frantic pulses of the Statman composition "Parah Adumah" to the hyper-uptempo "Bulgar Popular", this quartet brings its animated approach to a familiar genre. In the process, these young,energetic Montrealers have reinvigorated klezmer music."
"The new CD Harmonica Galitzianer by Levy pupil and burgeoning Canadian harmonica wizard, Jason Rosenblatt, extends the simple diatonic even further into the world of klezmer and klez-jazz. This is no mere novelty record. The playing is focused and reflects the band's commitment to their music."
"Both Jason's various harmonicas and Josh's accordion sound perfect together as the unique frontline of this inspired quartet. Jason's harmonica or blues-harp add an earthy, blues drenched vibe to these often ancient melodies. Jason's blues-harp playing has a very vocal quality to it, like a baby crying, this adds a dimension of ancient sadness that thousands of years of persecution can often provide."
"His playing still bears some of the mellow melodiousness of Sonny Terry, but the unmistakable influences of Paul Butterfield, John Popper and Howard Levy are evident as well. "


The End of Disruptive Innovation at Google?
Larry Page took over as CEO of Google in April 2011 and in July 2011 Google went on to announce the impending closure of Google Labs, the company's experimental playground used to bring new features to users. I remember thinking "is this the beginning of the end?"As it turns out, it could well bookend disruptive innovation at the company.
I was rereading Clayton Christensen's The Innovator's Dilemma over the weekend that went a long way in explaining my instinctive reaction way better than I ever could. Prof. Christensen explains that large companies often fail due to incompetent managers and bad decisions. But even big companies with discipline and highly capable managers sometimes fail because they are so good at what they do. Before I go on to explain this, consider this factoid - 50 years ago, the average life expectancy of a Fortune 500 company was about 75 years, then it became 40-50 years and now it's less than 15 years and declining. Whoa!
The company does a great job, innovates and becomes a monopoly or close to it in some field, and then the quality of the product becomes less important. The company starts valuing the great salesman, because they're the ones who can move the needle on revenues.
They have trained themselves to listen to their customers. That works well for incumbent technologies (Prof. Christensen calls such technologies "sustaining technologies") but can be a great big hindrance when it comes to identifying and developing disruptive technologies because such companies are focused on the needs of their best i.e. most profitable customers. Disruptive technologies usually start out targeting either a less profitable or an entirely new customer base - both are a blind spot for big companies.
The size of such companies is a disability in very real terms. For an opportunity to be considered feasible, they would need to tap into a much larger market. ROI for new projects needs to meet an internal hurdle rate that in absolute terms can be quite significant. Of course, a big part of the reason why is that their stock price reflects a discounted present day value of the company's future prospects. Following that thread, more growth, higher future profits translates into a better stock price today (as apparent in Amazon's case).
Such companies are used to working with well thought out quantitative analyses, crisp ROI calculations, knowledge of customer behavior etc. (a learn-then-execute approach). A new market by definition doesn't have any of these; a company can only hope to execute and launch with best guesses and discover the answers along the way (an execute-then-learn approach). How many companies do you know that would support the latter approach where failure is a given along the way? Case in point isHonda's inadvertent discovery of the (hitherto undiscovered) North American dirt bike market in the 1960s while trying to launch road bikes against Harley Davidson and BMW's powerful road monsters. I don't remember their "You meet the nicest people on a Honda" campaign - I wasn't born yet - but by all accounts it was one of the most successful campaigns ever for the everyman.
Middle managers are conditioned to follow processes and make decisions based on well-researched ideas and failure (intrinsic to disruption) is not an option, the very definition of being risk averse. Do you know where less risk averse managers go? Smaller companies or startups.
As a result, big companies tend to be followers not leaders in disruption, where first mover advantage is often, though not always, an advantage.
One way for big companies to get around some of these challenges is by encouraging disruption in smaller groups within the parent organization, in part because their internal hurdle rates and market projections are more in line with a nascent market. Notice that Google just turned their back on this approach. Another approach is acquiring disruptive companies but there are inherent challenges in this approach - the danger of subverting the very processes that were considered desirable, losing valuable acquired resources (such as talented employees) etc.
All of this begs the question - how do you know when your market is ripe for disruption?


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Goos (okzitanisch: Gòs) ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand: ) im Département Landes in der Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (vor 2016: Aquitanien). Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Dax und zum Kanton Coteau de Chalosse. Die Bewohner nennen sich Goossois.

Geografie
Goos liegt in der Landschaft Marensin am Rande der weitläufigen Landes de Gascogne, dem größten Waldgebiet Westeuropas, etwa zwölf Kilometer ostnordöstlich von Dax. Der Adour begrenzt die Gemeinde im Westen, sein Zufluss Louts im Norden. Umgeben wird Goos von den Nachbargemeinden Préchacq-les-Bains im Norden, Gamarde-les-Bains im Osten und Südosten, Hinx im Süden sowie Téthieu im Westen.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 Klosterruine Divielle

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Ort in Nouvelle-Aquitaine