Jennifer 1 episode, Daron McFarland They arrive at a mechanic shop about ten minutes from Tiana's house, and she says that this is the shop of her baby's father's cousin. I can help you with any problem you might face. MTV delves into online relationships". Another person, who did not want to be identified, performed CPR and called When Tyler tells his friends about her, they are all surprised it was with a girl from online. He says they met on a messenger app and have been speaking on and off ever since. Sawyer appeared on MTV's "Catfish" in with Michael Fortunato whom she had been communicating with online for seven years. Retrieved May 15, Bow Wow is revealed to be a female called Dee, who says she uses the profile to meet girls and become romantically involved with them, even though some of them do not realise she is a woman.
Cajun Blackened Catfish Recipe - MTV Germany, Neue Musikvideos, alle Shows, unterhaltsame News und PopkulturNeighborhood Fishin' - Texas Parks & Wildlife Department Create a year-round bow-and-arrow season for catfish at Apache, Canyon and Saguaro lakes, . Cast nets shall not exceed a 4-foot radius. "Catfish" follows people who fall for each other online yet often lie about a guest during Season 4, posted two YouTube videos saying "the. Catfish the TV show returns with host Nev Schulman, but co-host Max Joseph won't be around until later in the season. Max Joseph has taken. Fishing for catfish is fun. They fight hard, are plentiful and taste great on the dinner table. Use this short guide when giving catfish fishing a try. 'Catfish' suspended amid Nev Schulman sexual harassment claimsNew Season of CATFISH, THE TV SHOW Premieres on MTV TodayCatfish TV Show Season 4 Spoilers, Guest Cast Stars, , Page 3Sorry, this content is not available in your region.Catfish, New Season Will Involve Nev Schulman & Max Joseph's Wives, Our favourite Newcastle party animals are back for a new series and this time everything is being turned on it's head as Boss Anna sends them to Australia for Tash on Tours down under. The gang. Catfish: The TV Show brings together couples who've interacted solely through LCD screens. Over the course of months they've supposedly fallen in love -- but what will . The Crawfish and Catfish Festival is the ultimate food and music experience! The festival features the authentic tastes of Louisiana, Southern BBQ, and Asian/Cajun Fusion cuisine. It all comes down to this! Season 2 of Top Chef Junior is wrapping up, but not without a nail-biting season finale. Courtesy of Universal Kids With $50, on the line, the pressure is really on. Catfish: The TV Show brings couples together who've interacted solely through the internet. They've supposedly fallen in love -- but what will happen when they meet in real life for the first time?
Email me today at. It's always from the "hopeful" aka the person who wants to set up a meeting with the guy or girl they've been talking to. I can help you increase your income country, the job you are after, to help you achieve success in many areas, to improve their happiness, and much more … You live in constant fear? A float rig's another option. And the question has yet to be answered…. Are you totally addicted to this show? Other times they play with the bait before taking it fully. You're always paranoid that you're being catfished thanks to the movie and show. You just don't get that kind of vibe from the series since a lot of the time, the people involved in these situations are really hurting and struggling. The Tarrant County medical examiner's office said Brown's death was ruled a suicide. The TV Show brings couples together who've interacted solely through the internet. To this day, there are people out there who think that Nev made the entire thing up Email me today at. The rig can be left on bottom or hovered above the floor when drifting an area. A common rig-fishing strategy is feeding line to a nibbling catfish, so it won't feel resistance. A brand from Pure Fishing, Inc. Email me today at. Our servers comply with ISOa code of practice that focuses on protection of personal data in the cloud. Nev and Max are in a hotel room reading an email that they have received. Fortunato died of a pulmonary embolism a month after their episode aired. Max Josephthe Catfish cameraman and Nev Schulman 's partner-in-crime, is leaving the show for five episodes in the upcoming fourth season, the network announced during its TCA Winter Press Tour presentation. The body of Gandee, 21, was discovered in a vehicle along with the bodies of his uncle, David Dwight Gandee, 48, and Donald Robert Myers, Once that movie was really successful, it became clear that there were more stories to be told and then MTV wanted to create a reality series. The practicalities of creating a television show just don't let you recreate that feeling. Shocked and saddened by the death of Ashley Sawyer. Sometimes catfish hit hard and quick. Updated Feb 25, at 5: Season two will premiere Tuesday, March 31 at 10 p.
MTV Original TV Shows, Reality TV Shows, MTVCatfish, The TV Show TV Show, News, Videos, Full Episodes and More, TV GuideCatfish, The TV Show - Wikipedia All 7 songs featured in Catfish: The TV Show season 4 epsiode 4: Daisy & Marcus, with scene descriptions. Ask questions and download or. Two major cast changes for the long-running MTV and Bravo reality Max Joseph is leaving the MTV series Catfish after seven seasons as its. For six seasons, Nev Schulman and Max Joseph have ventured all around the country to track down online daters and bring them face-to-face. Catfish TV Show Season 4 Spoilers, Guest Cast Stars, Catfish, The TV Show, Season 7 Episodes (TV Series), MTVCatfish, The TV Show - Character and Cast Bios, MTVPress9 Reasons Why MTV's Catfish Is Obviously Fake and StagedCatfish TV Show Season 4 Spoilers, Guest Cast Stars, , Page 2 Try family-friendly city fishing from a pier or bank. Visit small stocked lakes close to home. Catch catfish big enough to keep. Kids under 17 fish free. The Ultimate Guide To Catfishing Gear is an in depth resource to help you buy the right catfish tackle and gear and save money while doing so. Ingredients 2 (7 - 12 oz) catfish fillets (8" - 10" in length) 1 measure of DIY Cajun Seasoning 1/2 tsp black pepper 1/2 tsp basil 1/2 tsp thyme 2 Tbs peanut oil 1/4 lb. butter.


HOME WHERE VACATION NEVER ENDS! This BEAUTIFULLY updated home has MILLION DOLLAR VIEWS of the WOLF RIVER. 5 BDRMS & 3 FULL Baths w/3400+ sq ft of Sunny, Inviting Living Space. MAIN: True CHEF'S KITCHEN w/Custom Cherry Cabinetry, High-End Appliances & GRANITE CounterTops & Island. LivRm w/Souring Ceilings, Gorgeous Hardwood Floors & Gas FP. 1st Flr Master Bdrm, Full BA & Laundry. UPPER: 2 Bdrms & Full BA. LL: 2 BDRMS, Full BA, Family Room w/walk-out to a highly desirable LEVEL lot. EXTRA DEEP GARAGE: 25X38! Composite Deck & manicured grounds. MANY UPDATES. This is where Relaxation Meets Life!


text:
Pauline Fourès (March 15, 1778 – March 18, 1869), born Pauline Bellisle, was a French painter and novelist in addition to being a mistress of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Life
Fourès was born in Pamiers on March 15, 1778 to Marguerite Brandon and Henri Jacques-Clement Bellisle, a clockmaker. She worked as a milliner and married Jean-Noel Fourès, a cavalryman who was on leave from military duty. When Jean-Noel was called back to active duty during the couple's honeymoon, Fourès accompanied him on the French army's trip to Egypt. As the soldiers' spouses were not permitted to come on the transport ship, Fourès wore a Chasseur uniform to disguise herself, successfully remaining undetected for 54 days until the expedition's arrival in Alexandria.

After meeting Fourès, Napoleon sent her husband away on a military mission to France and began courting her. After her husband's early return, Fourès and Jean-Noel divorced.

Pauline later married Pierre Henri de Ranchoux and then, after divorcing him, Jean Baptiste Bellard, an army officer. The couple set up a successful business in Brazil, from where she returned to Paris in 1837.

She published two novels, Lord Wentworth (1813) and Aloïze de Mespres, nouvelle tirée des chroniques du XII° siècle (1814), which had some success.

Bibliography

 Marcel Dupont, Pauline Fourès: Une maîtresse de Napoléon (Hachette, 1942)
 Roger Régis, Pauline Fourès dite "Bellilote" Maîtresse de Bonaparte en Egypte (Collection Les Grandes Favorites, 1946)

References

19th-century French painters
1778 births
1869 deaths
People from Pamiers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Mistresses of Napoleon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Jessica Hubbard Marr is a specialist in photographic imagery with a focus on photography from Latin America. She earned her M.A. in the History and Theory of Photography from Sotheby's Institute of Art, London/University of Manchester in 2011 and her B.A. in English Literature from Kenyon College in 2005.
She has worked as a writer, editor, researcher and consultant for a myriad of international photography and fine art professionals. Since 2010, she has worked as both a writer and researcher for TransGlobe Publishing in London, exploring contemporary photography and art in such diverse locations from the Middle East to Brazil. Her most recent publication entitled A Glimpse Into Enduring Moments was featured in the exhibition catalogue of photographer Nadja Massun whose solo exhibition, Alice in the Land of Zapata, was on display at the Hungarian House of Photography in Budapest in 2012.
Based between Mexico City and Oaxaca, Marr works with contemporary photographers in both Mexico and Latin America and is currently working on an upcoming major publication about contemporary art in Mexico.


text:
Q: Matrices are close if and only if null spaces are close Suppose $A$ and $B$ are $n \times m$ matrices with $n < m$. Assume $AG=BG=I_n$ (the identity matrix of dimension $n \times n$), where $G$ is an $m \times n$ matrix (with $Rank(G)=n$), and assume that $A H =0$, where $H$ is an $m \times (m-n)$ matrix and $0$ is an $n\times(m-n) $ matrix of $0$'s, and $Rank(H)=m-n$. Show that for all $\varepsilon>0$ there exists a $\delta>0$ such that
$$
||AH-BH||< \delta \quad \Rightarrow \quad ||A-B||<\varepsilon.
$$
where $||\cdot||$ is the operator norm.
In words, if the null space of $A$ and the null space of $B$ are close then $A$ and $B$ are close.
Edit: I made some updates to reflect what I wanted from the question (specifically, $||AH-BH||< \delta \quad \Leftarrow \quad ||A-B||<\varepsilon$ is immediate). I will post my solution now. Any comments /confirmation is appreciated.

A: Note that $(G,H)$ is nonsingular because of the rank nullity theorem. Then,
\begin{align*}
||A-B||&=||[A(G,H)-B(G,H)](G,H)^{-1}||\\
&=||[(I_n,0)-(I_n,BH)](G,H)^{-1}||\\
&=||(0,BH)(G,H)^{-1}||\\
&\leq ||BH||\cdot||(G,H)^{-1}||\\
&=||AH-BH||\cdot||(G,H)^{-1}||
\end{align*}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Княгиня Евдокия Българска, херцогиня Саксонска (Евдокия Аугуста Филипина Клементина Мария) е дъщеря на цар Фердинанд I и княгиня Мария-Луиза, сестра на цар Борис III и княз Кирил и зълва на царица Йоанна Савойска. Тя е от рода Сакскобургготски. Кръстена е по римокатолически обред в дворцовия параклис в София.

Когато Фердинанд I абдикира, тя и сестра ѝ княгиня Надежда го следват в родовото имение в Кобург. Благодарение на Александър Стамболийски, който отчита, че младият цар Борис остава твърде самотен в София, двете княгини се връщат в България през 1922 г. Евдокия се превръща в неговия най-близък довереник и съветник. До брака му с принцеса Джована Савойска през 1930 г. тя играе ролята на първа дама в двореца.

Тя се влюбва първо в младия флигеладютант Иван Багрянов и желае да сключи брак с него, но намерението ѝ е осуетено от баща ѝ, който категорично се противопоставя. За обект на нейните чувства се счита по-късно Първан Драганов, също флигеладютант на царя. Остава неомъжена до края на живота си.

През 1937 г. напуска двореца и заживява в построената за нея къща в квартал "Изгрев" в София.

Княгиня Евдокия е талантлива художничка и меценатка. Тя проектира и изработва бойните знамена на дивизиите и полковете на българската армия. Арестувана е след идването на комунистите на власт и месеци е била подложена на мъчителни разпити и унижения, които подкопават здравето ѝ. Призована е и като свидетел по време на т.нар. "Народен съд". През 1946 прави щедри дарения от народни носии, шевици и накити на Етнографския музей, преди да бъде изгонена от страната заедно с другите оцелели членове на царското семейство.

Установява се при своя баща цар Фердинанд в град Кобург, а след смъртта му през 1948 г. - при семейството на сестра си Надежда, херцогиня Вюртембергска.

Умира на преклонна възраст на 4 октомври 1985 г. в санаториум край Боденското езеро.

Генеалогия

Външни препратки
 Владетелският двор на Третото българско царство (1878 – 1944)
 Картини, рисувани от княгиня Евдокия

Български княгини
Родени в София


text:
Q: ¿Cómo saber el tipo de un Document si cambio el prototipo y constructor? Hago una variable de tipo Document en JavaScript mediante new Document(), y quisiera hacer que detecte si el tipo es Document o no. ¿Es posible hacer esto?
var documento = new Document()

Parece fácil, mi intento fue el siguiente:
documento.toString()==="[object Document]"

Con esto a mi parecer estaba solucionado, pero yo puedo hacer:
var documento = "[object Document]"

Si quiero hacer la comprobación anterior, me va a dar true, pero ahora documento es de tipo String, ya no es Document.
Puedo mirar el constructor, lo siguiente devuelve true:
documento.constructor===Document

Es posible eliminar Document. ¿Por qué el navegador permite hacer esto?
delete Document

Si lo intento, la variable documento seguirá siendo de tipo Document, pero ya no tengo manera de comprobarlo. Haciendo esto, al parecer es imposible recuperar el Document eliminado, a no ser que esté perteneciendo a alguna variable desconocida.
Entonces no voy a borrarlo, pero puedo ir más lejos, cambiando su __proto__ y su constructor por Array.
documento.__proto__ = Array()
documento.constructor = Array()

Para mi sorpresa, en la consola de mi navegador, que es Chromium sigo viendo que el resultado de la variable es #document.
Si convierto la variable a string mediante JSON.stringify me muestra su location.
JSON.stringify(documento)

Si intento eliminar su propiedad location me devuelve false. Eso es buen indicio que es de tipo Document, ya que no es posible instanciar un Location directamente, es decir, un Location solo pertenece a Document.
delete documento.location // Devuelve false

Sabiendo todo esto, puedo crear un objeto desde cero y hacer que se parezca a un Document pero sin serlo realmente. Puedo hacer que sea imposible eliminar location, y que al hacer toString() muestre [object Document]:
var documento = {location: null}
documento.__proto__ = new Document()

Object.defineProperty(documento,"location",{
    writable: true,
    enumerable: false,
    configurable: false
})
Object.defineProperty(documento,"constructor",{
    writable: true,
    enumerable: false,
    configurable: true,
    value: Document
})
Object.defineProperty(documento,"toString",{
    writable: true,
    value: x=>"[object Document]",
    enumerable: false
})

Lo que no logro hacer es que se muestre #document. En cambio, muestra lo siguiente:
Document {location: null, constructor: ƒ, toString: ƒ}

Aunque se ve que son diferentes, no conozco ningún método en JavaScript para comprobar que son diferentes.

Estoy en Linux con el navegador Chromium, y la versión es la siguiente:

Versión 80.0.3987.163 (Build oficial) snap (64 bits)

Dejo otra captura de pantalla, pueden comprobarlo ustedes mismos.

Entonces me surgen muchas preguntas:

*

*¿Esto es un bug del navegador? y si es así, ¿Está reportado? ¿Puede verse en el código fuente?

*Cuando la consola muestra #document, ¿Lo que muestra puede obtenerse desde alguna propiedad de la variable documento?

*¿Es posible guardar la salida de la consola en una variable?

*¿Por qué el tipo sigue siendo #document si ya le cambié su __proto__ y su constructor?

A: El error que aparece en el proyecto DevTools es en verdad un bug del Eager Evaluation. Esta característica se puede desactivar o volver a activar desde la tuerca en la consola.

Para saber el tipo se tiene que usar Object.getProprotypeOf(document).
El tipo real de un Document al cambiar el __proto__ es un un Array, y el hecho de que no se pueda borrar la propiedad location, no significa que siga siendo un Document. En realidad solamente es una propiedad constante dentro de un objeto.
Cambiar el prototipo de una instancia de un Document es bastante peligroso, ya que además, cambia el prototipo de document, y cualquier instancia de Document. Esto hace que cualquier evento que se esté ejecutando sobre el DOM deje de funcionar.
Por ejemplo, algo que me sucedió fue que al cambiar el __proto__, había un setInterval en GitHub, que intentaba acceder a Google Analytics usando el método querySelector, y al cambiar el __proto__ a un array generaba decenas de errores por segundo en la consola, saturando la memoria y el procesador (de todos modos mi computadora es del año 2001), y la única solución para salir de este problema fue cerrando el navegador cuanto antes.


text:
England v South Africa – 2021 Autumn Internationals
England and South Africa meet at Twickenham Stadium in London in the 2021 Autumn Internationals. The sides last met in November 2019 in the Final Continue Reading
England v Australia – 2021 Autumn Internationals
England and Australia meet at Twickenham Stadium in London in the 2021 Autumn Internationals. The sides last met in October 2019 in the quarter-finals of the Continue Reading
England v Tonga – 2021 Autumn Internationals
England will open the 2021 Autumn Internationals at Twickenham Stadium in London against Tonga. The sides last faced each other in their opening pool match Continue Reading
Italy v England – 2022 Six Nations
Italy and England meet in Round 2 of the 2022 Six Nations at the Stadio Olimpico. The reverse fixture in 2021 saw eight tries scored Continue Reading
France v England – 2022 Six Nations
France and England meet in the last match of the 2022 Six Nations at the Stade de France. The reverse fixture in 2021 saw a narrow Continue Reading
Scotland v England – 2022 Six Nations
Scotland and England play their first matches of the 2022 Six Nations at Murrayfield. The reverse fixture in 2021 saw Scotland win 11-6 at Twickenham Continue Reading
England v Ireland – 2022 Six Nations
England and Ireland meet in Round 4 of the 2022 Six Nations at Twickenham Stadium. The reverse fixture in 2021 saw the Irish record 32-18 Continue Reading
England v Wales – 2022 Six Nations
England and Wales meet in Round 3 of the 2022 Six Nations at Twickenham Stadium. The reverse fixture in 2021 saw the Welsh record a Continue Reading
England v USA – 2021 Summer Internationals
England were due to travel to North America for their 2021 Summer Tour, however they remain on home soil as they face the USA at Continue Reading
England v Canada – 2021 Summer Internationals
England play the second of their 2021 Summer Internationals as they face Canada at Twickenham Stadium. The sides have only met six times previously, the Continue Reading

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Public officer who starts the criminal prosecution. To provide this he or she fulfills procedural leadership on the investigation stage. In case provided for by the law he or she fully conducts investigation. In the court takes the role of state prosecutor and supports state prosecution.


I need to pop-up a message when the user clicks on the Log Out button with message.. ""Would you like to Log Out?"" and with buttons ""YES"" and ""CANCEL"". Any idea how am I going to do that?
you can browser script at application invoke method.
through the Tools Help or Support Web for Examples.
> you can browser script at application invoke method.


text:
International Women's Day: How Can Business Show Their Support?
Photo By A World at School.
Every year International Women's Day celebrates the social, economic, cultural, and political progress for women, but progress has stalled: If we continue at today's rate, 117 years will pass before we achieve global gender parity according to the World Economic Forum. This year, women AND men are being called on to #PledgeForParity and accelerate gender parity within their own spheres of influence.
GBC-Education's members empower, mentor, and protect millions of girls across the world focusing specifically on increasing their access to education and future employability. By helping girls to overcome barriers such as early forced marriage, child labor, conflicts and emergencies, and lack of basic resources, the Coalition's Girls Education Task Force champions learning-based opportunities that can be scaled up for the world's 63 million out-of-school girls across the globe.
This year, GBC-Education will support British charity Theirworld's #RewritingTheCode campaign to highlight the embedded value of empowering girls throughout all stages of their life, particularly through education. We know that by leveraging core assets, in-country networks, and existing programs, businesses can ensure that girls are completing school, developing relevant skills, and finding jobs to reach their full potential. To join in, post a picture or simply share how your company is #RewritingTheCode to get girls in school so that we can have a future where more women are in the boardroom!
In addition to continuing the dialogue on #RewritingTheCode, GBC-Education is also supporting the launch of Theirworld Code Clubs in Kibera and Nairobi. The clubs are being piloted in partnership with GBC-Education member Kano and #smartinvestment Network members Codecademy and Africa Gathering.
Stay tuned for more International Women's Day updates as GBC-Education members continue to support girls' education around the globe.
Learn more about the #RewritingTheCode campaign.
Learn more about the ways in which the Coalition champions girls' education.


text:
using IdentityServer4.Services;
using IdentityServer4.Validation;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace IdentityServer.UnitTests.Common
{
    class MockClaimsService : IClaimsService
    {
        public List<Claim> IdentityTokenClaims { get; set; } = new List<Claim>();
        public List<Claim> AccessTokenClaims { get; set; } = new List<Claim>();

        public Task<IEnumerable<Claim>> GetIdentityTokenClaimsAsync(ClaimsPrincipal subject, ResourceValidationResult resources, bool includeAllIdentityClaims, ValidatedRequest request)
        {
            return Task.FromResult(IdentityTokenClaims.AsEnumerable());
        }

        public Task<IEnumerable<Claim>> GetAccessTokenClaimsAsync(ClaimsPrincipal subject, ResourceValidationResult resources, ValidatedRequest request)
        {
            return Task.FromResult(AccessTokenClaims.AsEnumerable());
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I remember taking my first-born on his first plane ride. He was 13 months old and I was terrified to be traveling alone with this "baby". Of course I packed everything but the kitchen sink, just so I could be prepared for any and everything. On the way to our destination, he screamed his head off and was COMPLETELY and utterly inconsolable. On the way back, he had a bad case of diarrhea. Inevitably, the poor lil' fella decided that he would "gift" me with an explosion that covered my lap and the bottom half of my shirt. Needless to say, I swore off traveling with my child FOREVER!
When I say that, I'm not referring only to the history lessons and things like the museum and sightseeing. I'm referring to the math involved – How long will it take us to get there? What is the currency exchange rate to the US dollar? Geography – What is the closest ocean? Which continent is it?
Being able to talk about their travel experiences to others is pretty awesome! Unless they were very young, they will always remember the time they went to _________. These types of experiences stick with them for a lifetime and they will always have information to share about their travels.
The moment my son became old enough to travel unaccompanied, I was a nervous wreck. It didn't take him long to become a very independent and confident little traveler. When children realize what it takes to move around and travel independently, it boosts their self-esteem and it creates a certain level of confidence that's very important for them mentally and socially.
They will grow up to be travelers.
Once your kids realize that there's so much of this exciting world that they haven't seen, they will be hungry to explore more and more!
Who doesn't need a break from school? I know my kids do, because we keep a strict "school week. No TV – only homework and after school activities." So, naturally, they want and deserve a break from the norm. No matter where your destination, it's nice for a change in scenery. More than likely, there is lots of fun waiting for you. Don't forget, you don't have to travel far for your kids to have a good time!


text:
Q: Still get inplace operation error when I use clone() I tried to add .clone() at anywhere I think it's necessary.
But I still got inplace operation error.
And this error happened in second epoch, rather than first epoch when the beginning I got this error.
class Model(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, user_M, item_M, feature_M, embedding_M):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.dimension = embedding_M + feature_M + 1

        # Memories
        self.user_memory = torch.randn(user_M, 2, 1, self.dimension)
        self.item_memory = torch.randn(item_M, 2, 1, self.dimension)

        # Writer
        self.user_LSTM = nn.LSTMCell(self.dimension, self.dimension)
        self.item_LSTM = nn.LSTMCell(self.dimension, self.dimension)

    def score(self, user_id, item_id):
        user_em = torch.index_select(self.user_memory[:, 1, :].clone(), 0, user_id[:,0].clone())
        item_em = torch.index_select(self.item_memory[:, 1, :].clone(), 0, item_id[:,0].clone())
        return torch.sigmoid(torch.bmm(user_em, item_em.permute(0,2,1)))

    def forward(self, train_data, user_id, item_id):
        ui_train = train_data[:, 0:1].type(torch.LongTensor).clone()
        ii_train = train_data[:, 1:2].type(torch.LongTensor).clone()

        for row in range(len(train_data)):
            memory = self.user_memory[ui_train[row][0]].clone()
            h, c = self.user_LSTM(train_data[row:row+1].clone(), (memory[0], memory[1]))
            self.user_memory[ui_train[row]] = torch.stack((h, c))

        for row in range(len(train_data)):
            memory = self.item_memory[ii_train[row][0]].clone()
            h, c = self.item_LSTM(train_data[row:row+1].clone(), (memory[0], memory[1]))
            self.item_memory[ii_train[row]] = torch.stack((h, c))

        # Scoring
        y = self.score(user_id, item_id)
        return y.reshape(-1, 1)

model = Model(user_M, item_M, feature_M, 3)
criterion = torch.nn.BCELoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=LEARNING_RATE)

for epoch in range(10):
    print(epoch)
    output = model(train_data, user_id, item_id)

    loss = criterion(output, label)

    optimizer.zero_grad()
    loss.backward(retain_graph=True)
    optimizer.step()

`RuntimeError`: one of the variables needed for gradient computation has been modified by an inplace operation: [torch.FloatTensor [176, 704]], which is output 0 of TBackward, is at version 2; expected version 1 instead. Hint: enable anomaly detection to find the operation that failed to compute its gradient, with torch.autograd.set_detect_anomaly(True).

A: Just as @jodag said in the comment, the problematic lines are:
self.user_memory[ui_train[row]] = torch.stack((h, c)
self.item_memory[ii_train[row]] = torch.stack((h, c))

There you are modifying the values of the self.user_memory and self.item_memory in place, which caused the error.
fix
try
self.user_memory = self.user_memory.clone()
self.user_memory[ui_train[row]] = torch.stack((h, c)
self.item_memory = self.item_memory.clone()
self.item_memory[ii_train[row]] = torch.stack((h, c))

and you can remove the other clone operations in your code, such as:
memory = self.user_memory[ui_train[row][0]].clone()
they are not necessary.
explanation
The reason why inplace operation could cause an error is that pytorch relies on intermediate tensor values to compute the gradient in the backward pass. If the tensor you are trying to modify happens to be required as an intermediate tensor, then this will break the gradient computation graph.
The solution is instead of modifying the tensor inplace, we make a clone of the original tensor and modify on the cloned tensor.
In this way, pytorch could still access the old tensor.
c.f. https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html#in-place-operations-with-autograd


In case you were wondering— we've been experiencing some technical difficulties around here. Monday night we had an amazing thunder and lightening storm and it took out our wifi router. It's taken me this long to get things back up and running – with a lot of help from Wi-Power Tech support. So here's the update for the week~Read on!
Yay! Tuesday we were finally able to get together with Mr. Gary Foss, owner of Oaks of the Wild West, and picked out 20 wonderful trees for the property. We went out around 3:00 p.m. to meet him. I could not believe the property when we drove down the tree lined entrance. It was the nearest thing to a forest as I've ever seen here. And what I could see was only the tip of the iceberg! Mr. Foss has been planting trees on his property for the last 20 years or so. Many of the trees that he sells are grown from the seeds of the trees on his property. He has so many varieties of Oaks, Pines, Cypress, and junipers. Plus he has quite a variety of nuts and fruit trees. Many people from around our neighborhood have also been able to pick out trees for their property as well. In a few years it'll be a veritable forest down ol' South Stone Ridge Road and Prince Placer! Mr. Foss was so sweet. He asked what we were hoping to accomplish with our trees and, once he learned we were trying to set up wind breaks, he walked us around the property showing us mature specimens of the trees we might like to use. He knew so much about each tree, where it originated, the scientific name, total height and width when mature, water needs etc. He was just over flowing with knowledge and the desire to share it! He spent a good hour and a half showing us the oaks, cypress, junipers, and pines. Finally we chose what we thought would work the best for our property and Sue and Mr. Foss began the long process of extricating the young trees from their growing spots. While they were doing this, I noticed the largest Bay Laurel tree I have ever seen outside of New Orleans! It was absolutely huge!!!! I brought a bay with me from California, but it's not doing so well. The wind rather burnt it this spring, I'm hoping it'll come back during the fall and winter. Anyway~ we ended up with some really nice little trees. They are beautiful, and varied, and quite healthy. We'll talk about where we want to plant them and the way we'd like to have them laid out. We ended up with: 2 Mulberry Trees, 3 Arizona Blue Ice Cypress, 3 Arizona Cypress, 3 Italian Stone Pine, 2 Rocky Mountain Juniper, 2 Red Oaks, 2 Eldarica Pines, and 3 Incense Cedars. I really love all the different colors and textures. And check out the container for the tree at the bottom right… recycled and felted fabric. How cool is that!!! Sue has been busily making wire, gopher-proof, baskets for planting these guys. Maybe we'll be able to do that sometime this weekend. Although I heard a rumor that we might be having a movie day!
The Week's Weather: We've been getting some interesting weather this week. It makes for lovely skies and great sunsets. Every day I find myself astonished at what God's changing palette produces. The rain has given us a veritable lawn that Sue is continually mowing – pretty sure I've said that. The rate of grass growth is simply fantastic! It literally grows a foot in five days. So, there is always something that is due for a trim! In addition to grass growth, the rain has created some interesting water draining paths. Sue has spent a good deal of time trying to redirect it to lower areas of the property that will help keep it from running down the road. One day, I receive an interesting text that said, "Be careful driving up the driveway, I dug some trenches but the first one is kind of deep. Hit a low spot where the tires have already compressed it." What? So, I saw this when I arrived. Ah! Now I get it. There are a couple more up the drive as well – directing water either to the left or right depending on the closest area of containment. They do help, and also they help to keep the rain from creating drainage ditches where we don't want them; like right in front of the driveway gate! Another rain issue: the french drain for the gray water had filled up with mud. Water was beginning to back up into the shower. So, I pulled out the rocks and dug out the mud, but I need to work on putting up a small rock wall around it to keep the mud from washing in… it may also help to keep the dirt from blowing into it during the winds. We'll see. Always an experiment.
We have lovely views from our back porch; most of the sky shots are taken from there or out in the fields. However, today we had a nice view from another angle. Sue is taking care of our neighbor's dog, Fritz, while they are away at their daughter's wedding; tonight I walked down there with her and marveled at their view. Same mountains that we see off to the east, but they have a slightly different angle. The scene was amazing. So I had to take a photo. Sue laughs at me, but I just really like sky shots! Unfortunately, the photos I take just never quite do the scene justice. Maybe if you click on it and see it a bit bigger, you'll get the idea. That same cloud has moved down to the south east of us a bit and is currently putting on a wonderful lightening display! Never a dull moment here.
Egg Update and Report: OK. So – it's been a few days since we've done the egg report, and the news is great. Production has been really good. Yesterday we had 14 eggs! Today we had 15! We are so ready to sell!!! AND— Roman may or may not have laid an egg. We're not too sure, but one morning Sue picked up this huge egg – so much bigger than the duck eggs we had been getting. Then, nothing since. BUT! Many geese will only lay 23-35 eggs during a whole year! So I still think its a goose egg. We're changing her name to Roma or Romie. Here's the photo of the egg comparison. Goose egg on the left, faerie egg on the right. The order goes: Tufted Roman (Goose), Welsh Harlequin (Duck), Chicken of unknown breed, Easter Egger, Buff Orpington, Rhode Island Red, Banty, Faerie. Kinda fun, isn't it?!


text:
Organizing Institutions Committees Endorsements Organizing Secretariat
Scientific Program Satellite Courses Warming-up events Proceedings Technical visit Key dates
Accommodation The Host City, Torino Travel VISA Information
Exhibiting & Supporting
Exhibiting & Supporting Opportunities Supporters
Venue Social events
How to get to Torino
Torino lies in the centre of Europe and takes advantage of a well structured connection system by plane, train and car.
Caselle International Airport (www.aeroportoditorino.it), 20 minutes away from the city centre, allows daily connections with the main European cities.
Moreover Malpensa International Airport (https://www.milanomalpensa-airport.com/en/), one of the main European hubs connected to more than 120 cities all over the world, is located only 60 minutes' drive from Torino.
Porta Susa high-speed railway station (photo www.rfi.it)
Torino has two main railway stations, Porta Nuova and Porta Susa, both in the city centre. They are connected, also with frequent high speed rail services, to the main destinations in Italy and France, and from there to the rest of Europe.
Lyon can be reached in 2.5 hours, Paris in about 5 hours and Milan in only 50 minutes.
More info at www.trenitalia.com
Motorways A6 Torino-Savona, A4 Torino-Milan-Venice, A21 Torino-Piacenza-Bologna, A5 Torino-Aosta, A32 Torino-Bardonecchia connect Torino to most Italian cities, to France, Switzerland, Austria and the rest of Europe.


exit terminal when script is done?
In the morning i will give this a go.
Againg thank you for helping the feeble and simple mnded. This week my eyes have been crossing and my fingers have been making simple mistakes so i need to give it a rest.
Question: what do you mean by calling it the same way or from the same place?
I normally just type the script in a terminal but would like to make a desktop link for some to just click on them and have them run. For now it's better to understand and have them work before doing more and then i can play some more.
Joany do you still use Firestarter and if you do is it still needed to make the change in it's config to make sure it don't look for the network connection too soon at boot?
Last edited by GDixon on Mon Oct 20, 2014 1:55 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Re: exit terminal when script is done?
You can call a script from a terminal, you can call it from another script, you can click on them to run if the Desktop Environment allows to run scripts (I think XFCE for example runs scripts but doesn't open a terminal window for them). Depending how you start the script it will have a different parent/grandparent, that's why is not a good idea to kill things blindly from a script.
Finally fat fingered it out and the simplist solution is to make it into a desktop Icon. Click the icon and the script runs when the script is done and you type q to quit the menu in the script the terminal closes.
I placed the desktop entry in /usr/local/bin with allmy other scripts and made a copy on the desktop.
Works as expected. Don't forget to make the desktop entry executable.
You can do this with any script I imagine but I tried it out with the ssd trim script and the wol script so far.
Make a *.desktop file, I put it in the /usr/local/bin with my scripts. Make it a desktop icon and when you start the script from the desktop icon it will close the terminal after the script runs.
I forgot about doing it like this way back in m-3. something and it works still.
problem solved and it gets a nice launcher on the desktop with an icon.


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This month's travel link up is 'Travel Luxuries'. It is no secret that I love luxury travel! I mean, I write a blog about it!
Like many people Mr B and I both work full-time and work very hard at our jobs, and with the restrictions of annual leave when we do go on holiday we like to treat ourselves.
Here are some of my travel luxuries . . .
The luxury starts at the airport for me and I cant really think of a time when Mr B and I don't start off our holiday with a bottle of fizz. We often get asked if we are celebrating anything . . . yes . . we are going on holiday!
A obvious one for me is food! Eating out is a huge part of the holiday for us. The most luxurious foodie experience we recently had was champagne afternoon tea at the top of the Burj Khalifa. The entire experience was fabulous from the service and the champagne to the savouries and of course the beautiful pastries, but what made it so memorable was being in the world's highest restaurant in the world's tallest building. The views were simply breath-taking! Read about my experience in full here . . .
A luxurious room service breakfast . . . relaxing in your robe and enjoying a delicious breakfast in bed or on the balcony is the perfect way to indulge and start your day.
Balcony's with a view! We love to relax on our balcony, either having a coffee in the morning, reading a book, enjoying a glass of wine or just for enjoying the view. This was the best balcony view we have ever had, when we stayed in the penthouse apartment at Cheval Three Quays in London.
Now I can't write this post without telling you about our most luxurious holiday . . . our cruise with Silversea, a six-star luxury cruise line. Everything about the holiday was pure luxury, from our marble bathroom with full-size bath tub and stand alone shower to the free-flowing champagne and impeccable food. Silversea have the only restaurant by Relais & Chateaux at sea. If you have never been on a cruise, forget about all those misconceptions as Silversea will get rid of them all.
Of course going on holiday is really the biggest luxury of all. Being able to explore other countries, learn about the culture and try the local food. The quality time Mr B and I get to spend on holiday together and make beautiful memories that will last us a lifetime . . . it really is priceless.
I'm totally the same, like to start the holiday in luxury, with a glass of fizz in hand!
Its the best way isn't it!!!
These are all some of my favourite things too!
Perfect. Loving the six star cruise 🚢. Totally agree with the fact that when working hard, having a holiday is a luxury and I think we often forget it and take it for granted.
The cruise is definitely the most luxurious holiday we have been on, so many pinch me moments!
These are all my faves too!! Room breakfast is so lovely isn't it!!!
Yay! Yes love a room service breakfast!
Oooh, in-room breakfast is definitely a luxury! Love it! Did that a few times on our honeymoon 🙂 The six-star cruise sounds fab!! Where did you go?
We sailed around Italy and the French Riviera, it was such a special holiday!
It's so nice to treat yourself on holiday isn't it!
Yes, so many lovely memories!
wow, to travel itself to so many beautiful places is a luxury in itself. loved the post.
That cruise sounds like heaven!
This post made my booking finger itch!


Ever since my foray into film, I've been trying to read as many articles, take as many workshops and join as many Facebook pages dedicated to film as I could. I joined the film mama | the forum Facebook page a while back for the eye candy, and to learn as much as I could. One day, a very kind Facebook member, Gretchen Willis of Gretchen Willis Photography came into a TON of Seattle Film Works film. I can't remember how she got it, but she was offering to send it out as an experiment, which would later turn into a blog circle. I had no idea what I was doing, I still had no clue how to use a meter, and just used my Nikon f100's internal camera meter to expose. But I thought, what the heck, let's see what I can do. And surprisingly, the results were decent! Here are a few photos of our excursion at Great Country Farms and Woodbine Farms.
To follow the blog circle and see some amazing work, please click here.


text:
Review of Reading & Interview with Kirsten Krauth – Author of just_a_girl – 3 July 2013
By Nuala Kane
The first excerpt read by Kirstin Krauth from her debut novel just_a_girl is stark and exposing. The 14 year-old protagonist Layla is on her first meeting with internet acquaintance youami33, for whom she strips naked and attempts a seduction, until he makes a premature departure from their hotel room, presumably unimpressed by her trying-to-be-suave sex talk and her lack of hymen. Exposure in a digital age is a thread that runs through tonight's discussion, and Layla is the bold teenage voice of the present.
Watching a debut novelist read from her first book is exposure in a different context. Kirsten addresses the issue when she tells the story of her first exposure in front of a crowd – a day at school when her favourite teacher put her in the centre of a cruel experiment and then asked the class to analyse and discuss aloud the emotions that she showed throughout. It took some time to recover from that trauma, and I imagine reading from your first major work must feel a little similar, but on your own terms.
The crowd however is a friendly one, and crime novelist and tonight's interviewer Angela Savage has an ease with people that means the interview flows more like a conversation. There is a warm communal feel. We are seated in Colour Box Studio's front shop, opposite the large window to Nicholson Street. Scented candles peer over the proceedings, people are perched on chairs and milk crates and cushions, the little heater blasts air to warm bare floors and cold ankles. At one point an audience member makes motions to interrupt the interview and visibly catches herself in time, but is immediately ushered by both Kirsten and Angela to contribute to the discussion. This opens the floor to the sharing of various memories of teenage gossip from the pre-Facebook era, and there is a general reflection that however cruel the rumours of the eighties and nineties, the internet renders an ease of distribution and a permanence that was heretofore unmatched.
The session is punctuated with little stories which Kirsten came across during her research. There is the modern tragedy of a teenage girl afraid to walk down the street of her small town because her misguided sexting photos are displayed on a webpage titled SLUT, made by a boy who won't take it down despite pleas from her and from her parents. Then there is the weirdly triumphant tale of a 15 year-old selling naked pictures of himself on the internet, and only getting found out when his mother discovers the $5000 in his bank account. Kirsten is clearly fascinated by this phenomenon, and her interest and enthusiasm are infectious.
One of the most unexpected facets of the evening is the depth of examination of the actual process of writing and publishing a novel. Angela extracts the various stages of Kirsten's journey – from the initial inspiration in eavesdropped conversation on long train commutes to Sydney, to the great leap of faith in quitting a regular and well paid job, and the stroke of genius in applying for a research masters in creative writing, because research masters are free. Kirsten speaks about her careful choice of a gentle mentor, the great benefits of having enforced three thousand word monthly deadlines, and her joy at reaching the stage of a 30,000 word novella, though no-one, she adds, would ever publish a novella from a first-time author.
The novella became a novel and finally the courting process began: agents at soirees handing out business cards with their praise, publishers with year-long waiting times for the grace of a reply. When picked up by UWA Publishing, Kirsten found it particularly difficult to go through the structural edit, the part where you kill (or save!) your babies, by deciding major stylistic and plotting issues, inserting or removing flashbacks, establishing chronology of events. The on the line edit was easier for her: here words are pruned right down, but Kirsten had done much of the pruning herself already, in order to establish the book's three distinct narrative strains.
Kirsten Krauth just_a_girl book reading and interview with Angela Savage at Colour Box Studio
The discussion of publicizing is interesting because the event at Colour Box Studio is a living example. Angela speaks about the importance of promotion online, and indeed tweets about the event as Kirsten speaks. This provokes the onset of a twitload of shared experiences on engaging with hashtag explosions on Twitter, from the comic to the recent pro-abortion filibuster. Taking criticism is a recurrent theme, it being the disgruntled spouse of publicity and exposure. Kirsten is charming when she talks about quietly giving critics her own ratings out of five, with two stars (generous) for ' probably didn't even read the book', and five stars (reciprocal) for the reviews that celebrate her work.
The night ends with questions, and this part is even less formal. The talk turns to Tadashi, the Japanese male character who orders a love doll online and carries her around in a suitcase. The female audience is furiously curious about the love doll concept and about the men who prefer them to real women (are all women similarly fascinated by their own rejection?). Tadashi openly projects his fantasies onto this inanimate object, just as Layla's mother Margot projects hers onto the local preacher and her newfound religion, and I have to wonder how much of dreams and goals and self an author projects onto her characters.
When she speaks about just_a_girl, you can see Kirsten's care for each of her characters, and her particular pride in their distinct voices: Layla's choppy speech, punctuated by tangents and expletives (fuckadoodle!), Margot's long flowing prose, and Tadashi's more simple and poetic style. With the completion of a novel, the letting go of these characters and what they represent is enforced. Kirsten tells us that by the end she was ready to let go, even though she worries sometimes for them, the characters, and hopes she left them with enough strength at the end to make it where they want to go.
The evening, while small and quiet, manages to do what Colour Box Studio usually does, to be just a little bit inspiring. I leave with designs to read the book (now half way through), watch Lars and the Real Doll (happily downloading), and maybe even after that to put pen to paper myself.
just_a_girl by author Kirsten Krauth – available in the Colour Box Studio Pop Up Book Shop until 31 August 2013
just_a_girl by author Kirsten Krauth – available in the Colour Box Studio Pop Up Book Shop until 31 August 2013. Colour Box Studio will be holding more book readings with artists participating in our Pop Up Shop. Stay tuned via our Writing and Performance Facebook Page for details.
Tagged Angela SavageBook ReadingColour Box Studiodebut novelFootscrayjust a girlKirsten KrauthmelbourneMelbourne AuthornovelPop Up ShopWriting and Performance Program
Nuala says:
Thanks very much Angela. I'm open to literary invitations!!


Edward Rutherfurd is currently considered a "single author." If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author.
Edward Rutherfurd is composed of 8 names. You can examine and separate out names.


text:
The Bushmaster Protected Mobility Vehicle or Infantry Mobility Vehicle is an Australian-built four-wheel drive armoured vehicle. The Bushmaster was primarily designed by the then government-owned Australian Defence Industries (ADI), and is currently produced by Thales Australia following their acquisition of ADI. The Bushmaster is currently in service with the Australian Army, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Netherlands Army, British Army, Japan Ground Self Defense Force, Indonesian Army, Fiji Infantry Regiment, Jamaica Defence Force, New Zealand Army and the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The role of the Bushmaster is to provide protected mobility transport (or protected troop lift capability), with infantry dismounting from the vehicle before going into action. As the Bushmaster is lightly armoured, the term Infantry Mobility Vehicle (IMV) was initially adopted to distinguish it from a heavier wheeled or tracked armoured personnel carrier, such as the ASLAV and M113 also in Australian service. The high-hard steel specified for Bushmaster meant that it offered better ballistic and IED protection than existing aluminium alloy clad ASLAVs and M113. Later the Bushmaster's designation was changed to Protected Mobility Vehicle (PMV).

Development

The 1991 Defence Force Structure Review identified the Australian Army's need for an Infantry Mobility Vehicle (IMV). The 1994 White Paper stated that new land force vehicles would be acquired. Project Bushranger (Land 116) was created to procure both protected and unprotected vehicles.

The Interim Infantry Mobility Vehicle (IIMV), a fleet of unarmoured vehicles similar to the Land Rover Perentie were built and purchased from British Aerospace Australia, from November 1993, to prove the concept of infantry mobility and fill the IMV role, until the IMV entered service.

In February 1994, the draft specification for the IMV was released, followed in July by the invitation to register interest, with 17 proposals received including by Australian company Perry Engineering with the Bushmaster, and by Australian Specialised Vehicle Systems with the Taipan, derived from the South African Mamba. In September 1995, the request for tender was issued to five shortlisted proposals.

In early 1996, Perry Engineering produced a prototype Bushmaster based on an Irish designed Timoney Technologies MP44, including the Rockwell/Timoney independent suspension, and with US company Stewart & Stevenson components from the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV). Over 65% of the components by Stewart & Stevenson were from the FMTV including engine, transmission, steering, instrumentation, electrical and pneumatic systems. The prototype was built in less than seven months.

In September 1996, the Australian government-owned company Australian Defence Industries (ADI) purchased the intellectual property rights from Boral's Perry Engineering with agreement from Timoney Technologies and Stewart & Stevenson.

By January 1997, following the withdrawal of other bids, the Bushmaster and Taipan remained the only contenders for the project. That November, ADI launched its re-engineered Bushmaster proposal changing the design and shape of the hull to withstand a greater force and associated internal and external features. In March 1998, three Bushmaster IMVs and three Taipan IMVs built in South Africa started a 44-week competitive evaluation trial. Neither vehicle fully met all of the requirements of the specification, and performed with varying success over the course of the trials.

In March 1999, ADI was awarded the Bushranger contract to produce the Bushmaster at their Bendigo facility. In November 1999, ADI was privatised becoming 50% owned by French company Thales and 50% owned by Australian company Transfield. In 2006, Thales acquired the remaining 50% of ADI and renamed the company to Thales Australia.

In October 2016 it was announced that Australia and Indonesia would jointly develop a vehicle based on the Bushmaster for use by the Indonesian military. The vehicle, known as the Sanca, is manufactured by PT Pindad in collaboration with Thales.

Design

The Bushmaster is optimised for operations in northern Australia, and is capable of carrying up to 9 soldiers and their equipment, fuel and supplies for 3 days, depending on the type of variant. The vehicle is fitted with air conditioning and was once planned to have a cool water drinking system, but was omitted upon production due to cost constraints. After operational complaints the drinking water cooling system is being reconsidered for installation. It has a road cruise speed of 100 km/h and an operational range of 800 km.

The Bushmaster is a mine protected vehicle and provides a high degree of protection against land mines, using its v-hull monocoque to deflect the blast away from the vehicle and its occupants. The vehicle's armour provides protection against small arms of up to 7.62 mm ball ammunition, 81mm mortar fragments, Claymore mines, and with additional applique armour, protection for armour-piercing ammunition of up to 7.62mm.

The fuel and hydraulic tanks of the vehicle are located outside the crew compartment, while it also has an automatic fire suppression system. The troop carrier variant of the Bushmaster is fitted with one gun ring. The forward gun ring can be fitted with a 5.56 mm or 7.62 mm machine gun. The two rear hatches each have a mounting boss to allow the attachment of a swing mount capable of holding a 7.62 mm machine gun.

The Bushmaster is air transportable by the C-130 Hercules and C-17 Globemaster III aircraft, as well as the Mil Mi-26 cargo helicopter. It is the first armoured vehicle to be designed and completely manufactured in Australia since the Sentinel tank during World War II.

History
In keeping with the vehicle's role and capabilities, the Australian Army designates Bushmaster-equipped infantry units as being motorised, and not mechanised. Following the vehicle's troubled development, a total of 299 Bushmasters were ordered by the Wheeled Manoeuvre Systems Program Office of the Defence Materiel Organisation for the Australian Defence Force, reduced from the 370 which were originally ordered.

Bushmaster deliveries began in 2005, three years later than was originally scheduled, and were scheduled to be completed in July 2007. Deliveries of the troop-carrier variant (152 vehicles) were completed on 7 June 2006. Deliveries of the command variant were completed by mid-2006 followed by the delivery of the other variants.

In December 2006 the Australian Minister for Defence announced that the Australian Bushmaster order had been increased and over 400 vehicles will be delivered. This figure was confirmed as 443 vehicles in a subsequent press release. In August 2007 an additional 250 were ordered for a total ADF delivery of 696 vehicles of all configurations. This was increased in October 2008 to 737 vehicles for the Australian Defence Force.

In May 2011 the Australian government announced the purchase of an additional 101 Bushmasters, in order to replace vehicles damaged on operations and to provide additional vehicles for training and operational use. A further order for 214 vehicles was announced in July 2012. This order was placed to retain skilled workers needed to later produce Hawkei vehicles, with the Army having little need for the additional Bushmasters. This took the total number of Bushmasters in service with the Australian military to 1,052.

The Motorised Combat Wing of the Army's Combat Arms Training Centre provides initial training to Army and Air Force Bushmaster drivers. Maintenance training is provided by the Army Logistic Training Centre.

As of 2017, the Bushmaster is planned to remain in service until 2030.

Variants

Several Bushmaster variants have been produced for the Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force, these are:
 Troop
 Command
 Assault Pioneer
 Air Defence
 Mortar variant
 Direct Fire Weapons
 General Maintenance Variant (reworked Pioneer)
 Ambulance

The Troop variant being used by the Royal Australian Air Force originally differed from the Army variant in that it was fitted with 10 seats for infantry and a third weapon mount. All Troop variants are now fitted with 10 seats.

Thales developed a Single Cab Utility variant of the Bushmaster that was unsuccessfully proposed for the Land 121 Phase 3 Project. Thales has developed a Dual Cab Utility variant and a ISTAR (intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance) Kit.

In January 2015, Australian Defence Magazine reported that an Electronic Warfare variant with a  mast is currently under development to meet an Australian requirement under the Defence Capability Plan.

In August 2022, the Army unveiled a fully electric prototype the electric Bushmaster Protected Military Vehicle (ePMV) developed with 3ME Technology in collaboration with the Defence Science and Technology Group. The ePMV will undergo road trials after a larger battery is fitted. The same month a Bushmaster fitted with solar panels by SME Praxis Labs was also unveiled.

Modifications
In September 2007, the Army reported that the fleet would be upgraded with a protected weapon system (PWS) that is stabilised with thermal imaging, camera and laser range finder. Other upgrades include spall curtains, fire suppression system, cool water drinking system and an additional seat following criticisms from Australian soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan including that the gunner is exposed to enemy fire.

Between 2009 and 2012, the Protected Mobility, Troop, Command and Mortar variants in use in Afghanistan were upgraded. The upgrade included the addition of the protected remotely controlled weapons station, automated fire suppression system and ECM systems. The Special Operations Task Group vehicles were fitted with a weapon ring to mount a 12.7mm heavy machine gun.

There was a survivability enhancement to the lower hull, floor, seat mounts and axle caps. Two adaptive roller kits were provided able to be mounted to the front of the vehicle for protection against mines or IEDs. In late 2012, the entire fleet was rotated, with new upgraded vehicles provided with increased blast protection and the option of adding extra external composited armour.

During 2012-2013, the Army purchased 11 Self Protection Adaptive Roller Kits (SPARK) Mine roller Mark 2 (SMR2) for the Bushmaster.

In 2015, 45 Bushmasters had their remote weapons systems (RWS) upgraded similar to systems on tank turrets.

Civilian
A fire fighting variant named the "FireKing" is operated by the South Australian Forestry Corporation (ForestySA) with 15 in service.

A Bushmaster was used in a Victoria Police operation in 2014, painted grey with police decals.

Foreign variants
In 2007, Thales developed a 6x6 Bushmaster and partnered with Oshkosh Truck in a failed bid for the United States Army Medium Mine Protected Vehicle (MMPV) program.

In 2009, an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) interrogation variant was purchased by the Dutch Army with a hydraulic arm fitted with interrogation tool, light, camera, metal detector and proximity detector.

An Indonesian variant made by Pindad known as Sanca based on the Bushmaster but created to meet Indonesian requirements, was revealed in November 2016 after it was announced in October 2016 that Thales will work with Pindad. 50 Sancas are scheduled for delivery with 30 going to Indonesian forces stationed overseas on peacekeeping operations and 20 for Kopassus forces. Sanca means Python in the Indonesian language. The Sanca is made in collaboration with PT Len, meant to demonstrate the C5i concept (Combat Information) aside from the traditional C4 concept.

In January 2018, Thales Australia launched the MR6 variant for the British Army Multi Role Vehicle-Protected program. MR6 is an abbreviation for Multi Role 6 with the six signifying the sixth production run. The MR6 has a new hull that features front crew doors, a wider rear door and the compartment has increased height and has been extended. The driveline has a new Caterpillar C7 engine, a new heavy-duty suspension, an anti-lock braking system, a choice of two transmissions and transfer case options, a new alternator and a auxiliary power unit option. The MR6 has a new storage system, digital dash, central tyre inflation, the C4I system from the Hawkei and an improved remote weapon station that can be fitted with a 30mm cannon. The MR6 has an extra two tonne payload.

In 2021, Thales adapted previous Bushmaster vehicle designs to produce the Bushmaster NZ5.5 for the New Zealand Army.

Operational service

Australia

To date, Australia's Bushmasters have been deployed on five operations:
 Two prototypes were deployed to East Timor in 1999 for the International Force East Timor (INTERFET) for trials, VIP protection and media escort duties.
 Ten Bushmasters were deployed to Iraq with the Al Muthanna Task Group in May 2005. This force was later redesignated Overwatch Battle Group (West) and operated 19 Bushmasters from September 2006.
 A small number of Bushmasters were operated by Special Operations Command soldiers part of the Special Operations Task Group in Afghanistan from September 2005 after its re-deployment until late 2013.
 A Company, 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment was equipped with Bushmasters during its role as the security response force for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
 The Reconstruction Task Force, later redesignated the Mentoring Task Force, which was deployed in Afghanistan from August 2006 to late 2013 was also equipped with a large number of Bushmasters.

On 17 March 2010, all five Australian soldiers from the 1st Mentoring Task Force who were occupying a Bushmaster were wounded, three of them seriously, when it was hit by a roadside bomb in the Chora Valley north of the main Australian base near Tarin Kowt in Oruzgan Province during a routine vehicle patrol. As of May 2011, 31 Bushmasters have been damaged beyond repair while serving with the Australian Army. The largest number operating in Afghanistan at one time was 104.

Netherlands

In July 2006 the Dutch Government announced an urgent purchase of 25 Bushmasters to equip Royal Netherlands Army units operating in Afghanistan. Due to the urgency of this purchase these vehicles were taken from Australian Army stocks. Additional Bushmasters were built by ADI to replenish the Australian inventory. 23 Bushmasters were directly delivered to Dutch Army units in Afghanistan starting from 28 August 2006. The remaining two vehicles were transported to the Netherlands to be used for training purposes. Twelve of the Bushmasters were fitted with a Thales SWARM remote weapon station before delivery.

9 July 2007, Electro Optic Systems Holdings Limited was awarded a contract of A$5.8 million for the supply of remote weapon systems for use by the Netherlands army. The contract was awarded to EOS by Thales Australia for fitting to the Bushmaster Infantry Mobility Vehicles manufactured by Thales for the Netherlands army. The order entailed 17 CROWS Remote Weapon Stations. It was expected that the first of these systems would be operational in theatre by August 2007.

On 20 September 2007, during an engagement with the Taliban a 20-year-old Dutch soldier was killed in action. His body was evacuated in a Bushmaster which was subsequently attacked with small arms, mortars and RPGs. The vehicle was struck several times but all soldiers in the Bushmaster survived and were unhurt. Since the vehicle was immobilized and still under attack, they were forced to abandon it. Since salvage was not possible the Bushmaster was later destroyed by a Dutch Apache helicopter. The troops were transported out of danger by a second Bushmaster IMV.

On 19 October 2007 during a fire-fight between a Dutch patrol and Taliban insurgents, a Bushmaster was hit by an improvised bomb. Although none of the passengers were hurt, the bomb damaged the front of the Bushmaster. The Bushmaster was sent to Multi National Base Tarin Kot (Kamp Holland) (the Dutch base) for repairs.

The Netherlands ordered additional Bushmasters on several occasions in 2007 and 2008. On 20 November 2007 the Dutch Defence Ministry announced that it would acquire an additional 10 vehicles to replace the two damaged and two destroyed vehicles and a Patria armoured vehicle which was also destroyed in Uruzgan. One vehicle would be sent to the Netherlands for training purposes, and the rest go directly to Afghanistan. The Dutch ordered a further 13 Bushmasters in June 2008, taking their total order to 49 vehicles. At this time six Dutch Bushmasters had been destroyed in Afghanistan.

In January 2009, another batch of nine vehicles was ordered, these vehicles to be fitted with cameras, sensors and an interrogation arm to find and destroy improvised explosive devices (IEDs). A further 14 Bushmasters were ordered in June 2009. In August 2009, another 14 vehicles were ordered, bringing the total Dutch order to 86. Dutch special forces deployed as part of the Northern Mali conflict from April 2014 were equipped with a number of Bushmasters. May 2015 a Dutch Bushmaster was struck by an IED near Kidal. No one was hurt by this incident and the Bushmaster was returned to the Dutch camp at Gao. In June 2015, a further 12 were ordered. In July 2020 the Dutch Army took delivery of its first Multirole Electronic Warfare Bushmaster.

United Kingdom
The British Army acquired 24 Bushmasters in April 2008 specifically for use in Iraq to support Task Force Black and United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF) operations around Basra. The heavily modified vehicles, known as the Escapade, were used to provide armoured transport for strike teams.

Features included an increased armour package, bullbar, ECM and anti-IED suites, and a CROWS RWS fitted with an M2 .50 calibre machine gun. The UKSF had been using an armoured hull protected vehicle in Afghanistan the Supacat HMT 400 since 2003. The Bushmaster provided all-round protection, compared to the HMT 400 with an exposed crew, that was required in built-up urban areas in Iraq. UKSF left Iraq in May 2009.

In 2016, the Escapade was used in the Battle of Mosul during the Iraqi Civil War.  In 2017, the Escapade was used in the Battle of Raqqa during the Syrian Civil War.

Ukraine

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, following Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy's address to the Australian Parliament on 31 March 2022 and a request for Bushmasters, Prime Minister Scott Morrison agreed to give 20 Bushmasters to Ukraine on 8 April 2022. They were to be flown to Europe on RAAF C-17 transports, which can carry 4 vehicles at a time. The Bushmasters were fitted with remote weapon stations and included two ambulance variants.

On 19 May 2022, Defence Minister Peter Dutton announced that Australia would give a further 20 Bushmasters. On 4 July 2022, during Prime Minister Anthony Albanese's visit to Ukraine he announced an additional 20 Bushmasters would be donated.

On 15 September 2022, ABC News reported that the Ukrainian ambassador to Australia Vasyl Myroshnychenko had made a request to the Australian government for an additional 30 Bushmasters. ABC News reported that 40 of the 60 Bushmasters had been delivered. Myroshnychenko said that the Bushmasters were being "used almost as infantry fighting vehicles – though they are not that – because we don't have anything else". On 27 October 2022, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced an additional 30 Bushmasters would be donated, bringing the total up to 90.

On 29 May 2022, the Australian Financial Review reported that there was a video confirming the destruction of one Bushmaster by Russian troops in Trypillia, Donetsk. The driver of another Bushmaster who was close to the attack when it happened praised the quality of the vehicle, saying everyone survived the attack.

Bushmasters were used for moving troops during the 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive.

President Zelensky in an address to the Lowy Institute think tank on 6 October 2022 praised the Bushmasters saying "This equipment has performed masterfully in real combat operations".

Operators

Current operators
 : 1,052 Bushmasters in total have been ordered by the Australian Defence Force.
 : 10 refurbished Bushmasters purchased in 2017 from Australian Defence Force stock, seven for use in peacekeeping as part of the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) in the Golan Heights and three for training purposes in Fiji. On 27 March 2017, the seven Republic of Fiji Military Forces Bushmasters arrived in the Golan Heights.
  Indonesia: 4 vehicles operated by Indonesia. In 2014, 3 vehicles were delivered to the Indonesian Army Special Forces Command Kopassus. 50 Sanca variant ordered for overseas forces and Kopassus. In September 2021, Australia announced that it would donate 15 Bushmasters to Indonesia to support peacekeeping missions.
  Jamaica: 18 total Bushmasters. 12 ordered in December 2013 to replace the Jamaica Defence Force's fourteen Cadillac Gage V150s. Deliveries began in mid-2015, and were completed in early 2016. An additional 6 Bushmasters were ordered in 2020.
  Japan: 8 vehicles operated by the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. An initial order of 4 was placed in 2014 for the Central Readiness Regiment (CRR) to enable the CRR to evacuate Japanese citizens in the event of an overseas emergency. In 2018, a second order was received of 4 more vehicles for the CRR.
  Netherlands: 98 Bushmasters ordered; the Netherlands is the second largest operator of the Bushmaster. In operational use by the Dutch Army and Royal Dutch Marines. In 2021, the Netherlands received an additional 6 vehicles: 5 custom ambulances and a troop carrier.
  New Zealand: 5 Bushmasters operated by the New Zealand Special Air Service (NZSAS) designated as the Special Operations Vehicle – Protected Heavy (SOV-PH). A memorandum of sale had been under negotiation with the Australian Defence Force for the transfer of the Bushmasters in 2017. In 2018, the NZ Ministry of Defence reported it had been signed. In July 2020, the New Zealand Army ordered 43 NZ5.5 variants with deliveries expected in 2022.
 : 90 Bushmasters were gifted to Ukraine in 2022 by the Australian Government for the Ukrainian Ground Forces to aid in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The 90 vehicles were gifted in four batches vehicles announced in April, May, July and October. As of 15 September 2022, 40 of the 90 vehicles had been delivered to Ukraine.
  United Kingdom: 24 Bushmasters purchased in April 2008. British vehicles are fitted with additional armour, electronics to counter IEDs and a .50 calibre machine gun mounted in a RWS.

Trials and interest
  Spain: In August 2008, it was reported that the Spanish Government was "showing strong interest in the Bushmaster".
  United Arab Emirates: Trialled only.
  Libya: Expressed interest in 100–400 vehicles.

Failed contracts
  Canada: A bid was submitted with Thales Canada and DEW Engineering for the Tactical Armored Vehicle Program, but later withdrawn when the Canadian government decided it wanted a smaller vehicle; the competition was ultimately won by Textron with a modified M1117, tailored to Canadian requirements.
  France: The Bushmaster, under the name of Broussard (Bushmaster in French), competed against a lightened version of Nexter's VBCI and the Renault AMC for a 2,300 vehicle contract to replace the French Army's VABs. France finally selected the Nexter VBMR Griffon.
  United States: Thales partnered with US truck manufacturer Oshkosh to bid for the Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) program and the Medium Mine Protected Vehicle (MMPV) program. The Thales bid for the MRAP program failed. Thales developed a 6x6 Bushmaster for the MMPV program and submitted two variants: one fitted with an interrogator arm and the other a robot carrier.

See also
 Hawkei PMV

References
Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Project Land 116 – Bushranger – Defence Materiel Organisation
 Thales Protected Mobility – official manufacturer dedicated website.

Armoured fighting vehicles of Australia
Armoured fighting vehicles of the post–Cold War period
Off-road vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s


Former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, who was ousted by popular protests in 2011, has been sentenced to three years in jail for embezzling from the government.
Former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, who was ousted by popular protests in 2011, has been sentenced to three years in jail for embezzling from the government. His sons Alaa and Gamal were also charged with graft, and are each sentenced to four years. The three were fined nearly $3 million altogether, and were ordered by the court to repay about $17.6 million they allegedly stole from public funds.
In 2012, Mubarak was found guilty of conspiring to kill protesters and began serving a life sentence in prison. But the ruling was overturned in 2013 due to technicalities, and he was sent from jail a military hospital in August of last year. Mubarak is now again on trial for that charge, and for abuse of power.
All of the construction, renovation and purchasing orders [whistle-blowing military officer Amr Khedr] processed were for private properties of the Mubaraks and therefore could not be covered or reimbursed from public funds. But he was instructed to misrepresent these expenditures so that they could be listed under maintenance work for telecommunication towers around the country that provided secure communication lines for the president.
Mubarak firmly denied the embezzlement charges when they were first made back in February, saying the allegation was "completely unsubstantiated because it never happened." The sentencing comes days before Egyptians take to the polls to vote for a president to replace the (more recently) ousted Mohamed Morsi.
It's unclear whether the time Mubarak has already spent in prison will be counted towards this sentence, or where he will serve out the sentence.


Austin Mahone is partnering with AwesomenessTV, a YouTube channel, to give all of his Mahomies a chance to get a behind-the-scenes look at his rise to fame. Just in case you have been living on Mars, read our interview with Austin to get to know him a little better. This new project will give fans an exclusive look at Austin's photo shoots, tapings of YouTube videos, and his live music tour. And since he wants his fans to get the whole Austin Mahone experience, he's not holding anything back. The Austin Mahone Takeover premieres November 2 on AwesomenessTV.
Check out the video below to get a preview.
Previous PostsTen Years and Still Goin' Strong!
Ten Years and Still Goin' Strong!


text:
Rochester – Are You Ready For Your New Mayor?
Photo provided by Kim Norton
Rochester, MN (KROC AM News) - Rochester will have a new mayor Monday.
Mayor-elect Kim Norton is scheduled to be sworn in during a special inauguration event at the Mayo Civic Center. Norton says it may be a few weeks before she has a secretary/receptionist in her office as candidates need to be interviewed before one is hired. Norton says the person will be given responsibilities that will include more community and development outreach. Norton has committed to continuing some traditions of past mayors, including the medal of honor awards. She says she has also been approached by some city council members who offered to represent the city at some of the functions mayors have been asked to attend in the past.
Joining Norton at the inauguration event will be Councilmember Nick Campion who was re-elected to another term and new members Patrick Keane and Shaun Palmer. The event will be open to the public.
According to city administration:
" This event marks the first time in recent City history a formal inauguration will take place other than swearing in elected officials at their first official meeting. This is being done to allow an opportunity for the community as a whole to be engaged and participate in the celebration of our new City leaders. In addition to the oaths of office, the gathering will feature musical performances and readings by community members."
Steve Rymer, City Administrator states, "We invite all community members to join us for this important and exciting gathering. It is an opportunity to come together as a community, celebrate another point in Rochester history, and participate in an important part of our democratic process."
The event will also be streamed live via the City of Rochester website and rebroadcast on Channel 180.
Source: Rochester – Are You Ready For Your New Mayor?
Filed Under: mayo civic center, Minnesota, olmsted county, Rochester, Rochester City Council


text:
Uzbek-Kazakh trade turnover exceeds $2 bln
Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Jan. 31 / Trend D. Azizov /
The trade turnover between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan hits more than $2 billion for the first 11 months of last year, Kazakh ambassador to Uzbekistan Boribay Zheksembin said at a news briefing on Tuesday.
He said that the cooperation between the two countries in economic sphere entered a new level. Each year the trade turnover between the two countries increases in exports and imports of products.
"Today, Kazakhstan has an important place in the bilateral trade turnover among Uzbekistan's economic partners," he said. "This is not the limit. The new agreements are signed between governments, ministries and agencies almost after every meeting of our presidents. All this gives a new impetus to further cooperation between the two countries."
He stressed that trade turnover and investment directions will develop in the future.


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Strengthening Our Civic Fabric
Gabrielle Lyon, Illinois Humanities
https://comcastnewsmakers.com:443/Videos/2021/10/6/Illinois-Humanities
Illinois Humanities is a statewide nonprofit organization that activates the humanities through free public programs, grants, & educational opportunities that foster reflection, spark conversation, build community, and strengthen civic engagement.
Connection is Important
Gilda's Club Chicago is for anyone impacted by cancer including patients, caregivers, family and friends. Support and camaraderie are available in person and virtual programming is also available which reaches even more people.
Access to the Arts for Everyone!
Rockford Area Arts Council exists to support, promote, and develop access to the arts for everyone. They are working their way back from the pandemic through smaller events, more intimate settings and masked events and looking forward to the future.
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Human Trafficking is in every community & tends to increases during large events. From education & awareness to rescue, rehabilitation & reintegration, Rahab's Daughters combats human trafficking through a big-picture approach.
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Social Change is a national non-profit committed to liberation and amplifying community voices through storytelling, organizing and direct action.


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US Education Department to Interpret Title IX to Cover LGBTQ Students
The Department of Education, led by Secretary Miguel Cardona, is clarifying that Title IX applies to discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Reuters/Susan Walsh
Following up on President Joe Biden's January 20 and March 8 executive orders and a March 26 memorandum by the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, the US Department of Education announced on June 16 that it is publishing a "Notice of Interpretation" in the Federal Register confirming that Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which prohibits educational institutions that received federal funding from discriminating against students "on the basis of sex," applies to discrimination because of sexual orientation or gender identity.
The announcement came just a year after the Supreme Court interpreted Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits employment discrimination "because of sex," to include discrimination because of sexual orientation or gender identity, in Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia. In Bostock, the Court combined cases from the Second, Sixth, and 11th Circuit Courts of Appeals involving two gay men and a transgender woman, and voted 6-3 that any discrimination against an employee because they are gay, lesbian or transgender is necessarily at least in part because of their sex. President Donald J. Trump's first appointee to the Court, Justice Neil Gorsuch, wrote the opinion for the Court by assignment from Chief Justice John Roberts, who joined the opinion together with Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor.
Madam Mayor (Erica Green), Thank You For Coming Out (While Staying In)
Thank You for Coming Out
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Although the Bostock decision directly interpreted only Title VII, its reasoning clearly applied to any law that prohibits discrimination "because of sex" or "on the basis of sex," as the Education Department's Acting Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Suzanne B. Goldberg, wrote in the notice issued on June 16. In his January 20 Executive Order, President Biden directed all executive branch agencies to consider the implications of the Bostock decision for their policies and programs, and to apply the reasoning of that decision to the extent it was consistent with purposes of the particular policies and programs. His March 8 Executive Order explicitly referenced sexual orientation and gender identity in "guaranteeing an educational environment free from discrimination on the basis of sex."
"After reviewing the text of Title IX and Federal courts' interpretation of Title IX," wrote Goldberg, "the Department has concluded that the same clarity [that the Supreme Court found under Title VII] exists for Title IX. That is, Title IX prohibits recipients of Federal financial assistance from discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in their education programs and activities. The Department has also concluded for the reasons described in this Notice that, to the extent other interpretations may exist, this is the best interpretation of the statute."
The notice listed "numerous" lower federal court decisions that were issued over the past year taking this position, including the most recent ruling by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in the Gavin Grimm case concerning a transgender boy who was denied access to restroom facilities at a Virginia high school. The school board in that case filed a petition seeking Supreme Court review on February 24, which would present the Supreme Court with a ready vehicle to weigh in on this issue if it wants to do so.
Reversing the position taken by the Education Department during the Trump Administration, the notice announces that the department will investigate sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination allegations by students. "This includes allegations of individuals being harassed, disciplined in a discriminatory manner, excluded from, denied equal access to, or subjected to sex stereotyping in academic or extracurricular opportunities and other education programs or activities, denied the benefits of such programs or activities, or otherwise treated differently because of their sexual orientation or gender identity," wrote Goldberg. She pointed out that a determination whether Title IX was violated will depend on the facts of individual cases, and of course Title IX applies only to schools that receive federal funds.
In a footnote, Goldberg pointed out that "educational institutions that are controlled by a religious organization are exempt from Title IX to the extent that compliance would not be consistent with the organization's religious tenets," citing 20 U.S.C. section 1681(a)(3). There is a pending federal lawsuit against the Education Department by a group of students from such religious schools claiming that this section violates the First Amendment Establishment Clause. Religious schools have moved to intervene as parties in that lawsuit, claiming that the government may not sufficiently defend their exemption. The Justice Department has opposed their motion in a recent court filing, asserting that the government will "vigorously" defend the challenged provision. The religious exemption was a politically necessary compromise to get Title IX adopted by Congress.
While the June 16 notice states that its interpretation of Title IX "supersedes and replaces any prior inconsistent statements made by the Department regarding the scope of Title IX's jurisdiction over discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity," it goes on to say that this "interpretation does not reinstate any previously rescinded guidance documents." This comment is significant, because during the Obama Administration the Education Department issued guidance documents on Title IX compliance requirements that took positions on many of the controversial issues that have been subject to litigation. Those guidance requirements were cited by school boards and administrators in defending actions they took, even after the guidances were formally rescinded by the Education Department shortly after Betsy DeVos was confirmed as Secretary of Education. DeVos took the position, later bolstered by a memorandum by Attorney General Jeff Sessions in October 2017, that Title IX did not cover sexual orientation or gender identity discrimination.
Miguel Cardona, Biden's secretary of education, told The New York Times in an interview published on June 16 that "Students cannot be discriminated against because of their sexual orientation or their gender identity," but left unclear the question whether his department would be challenging state laws that ban transgender girls and some non-binary individuals from competing in school sports. He stated, "We need to make sure we are supporting all students in our schools," but he did not get specific about particular challenged policies.
Making clear that "all" really means "all," the notice says that the department's Office of Civil Rights "carefully reviews allegations from anyone who files a complaint, including students who identify as male, female or non-binary; transgender or cisgender; intersex; lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, heterosexual, or in other ways."
The US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit recently heard arguments in the State of Idaho's appeal from a district court decision finding that the state's ban on transgender girls playing sports, the first such ban to be enacted, violates the constitutional rights of transgender girls. If this issue ends up in the Supreme Court, the Biden Administration will have to take a position one way or the other, just as it will be pressed to take a position if the court grants the petition by the Gloucester County School Board in the Gavin Grimm case. A federal court in Connecticut recently dismissed a lawsuit by a group of cisgender female high school athletes challenging a state policy of allowing transgender girls to compete, finding that the plaintiffs lacked standing to bring the issue to the court.
The Education Department's interpretation of Title IX is not binding on the federal courts, but is entitled to some degree of deference under principles of administrative law. After DeVos and Sessions "rescinded" the Obama Administration's interpretation and guidance documents, many federal courts continued to rule in favor of transgender students and school administrators who had adopted policies allowing transgender students to use restroom facilities. The lower federal courts have been united up to now in rejecting claims by parents and students that allowing transgender students to use restroom and locker room facilities violates the constitutional privacy rights of non-LGBTQ students, and the Supreme Court has so far refrained from hearing those cases.
As President Biden has boasted about how many LGBTQ people he has appointed, it is worth noting that both the Justice Department Civil Rights Division's March 26 Memo and the June 16 DOE Notice were authored by out lesbian appointees, Pamela Karlan and Suzanne Goldberg.
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