If you're looking for a unique and healthy dip to bring along to your weekend Superbowl gathering, here's a tasty vegan take on notoriously greasy and heavy spinach-artichoke dip. Or is it a vegetable version of hummus? The recipe is from Martha Stewart.
Cut the florets from 1 or 2 heads of Cauliflower to make 4 C. of florets.
Soak 2 C. spinach leaves and drain. Repeat until the water is clean. Spin dry briefly.
Steam the cauliflower until crisp-tender, about 8 minutes. Toss the cauliflower in a colander with the spinach with a tongs until the spinach wilts. Allow to cool a few minutes or rinse with cold water and drain.
Peel and mince 1 clove of garlic.
Puree the cauliflower and spinach in a food processor with the garlic and 2 T. each tahini and lemon juice. Add 3 T. olive oil in a slow drizzle while continuing to puree.
Season with salt, pepper, and a dash of cayenne.


The online ad network industries, busy on monitoring access the process of measuring local and international benchmark (CTR) market research, to analyze and understand on how to supply? the demand fast-growth consumers consumption based on infographic statistics, trends, forecasts, revenues, e-commerce, services, using the social marketing resources. However tracking aggregated benchmark performance on average click through rate (CTR) per industry peers isn't successful without engagement conversation on video, mobile ad networks, and desktop to create relevant and actionable for display banner ads unit for all the right consumers by internet benchmark campaign marketers.
One of the best strategies, to reach your goals to improve the average click-through rate(CTR) in online marketing, you need to find suitable campaign that relevance for display ad banner engagement campaign. There are three varieties, most successful and effective display ads unit platform for standard and rich media contents known as highest profit returns (HPR), these are desktop, mobile, and in-stream video.
The platform has been introduced was the highest (CTR) of all marketing conversation strategies that you could only invest a small amount of budget may improve and expect high raise of your return investment. To know more about (CTR) it is a number of display ads clicks of your campaign ad received interactions divided by the number of times your ad is shown on desktop, mobile or in-stream video.
The formula of average click through rate (clicks ÷ impressions = CTR).
Today's on-demand consumers consumption industry categories and high relevance growth in demand actionable products in internet sales, no other than (apparel) has 0.25% standard average (CTR) for display ads click-through rate ads unit banner ads with 0.50% and 1.80% rich media unique interaction average (CTR) analysis.
Different types of aggregated varieties average click-through rate (CTR) benchmark of banner display ads.
Mobile and Desktop ads network Adsense 336x280 large rectangle ad units is the highest average (CTR) click through rate for banner display ads, into a different platform based on desktop and mobile platforms.
Most successful and effective ad units, highest average CTR for display ads if positioned in right place will be a big reason to increase your monetizing earnings and increase potential sales significantly using best ad units on mobile ads network or in desktop platform.
This are the highest average click through rate (CTR) by display ads unit 336x280 large rectangle, the 300x250 medium rectangle, the 728x90 leaderboard, the 300x600 half page, and on mobile the 320x100 large mobile banner. Keep in mind that while these ad sizes typically perform well, you should use the size that best complements your pages.
CTR is the click-through rate. It is the number of clicks received for every thousand ad impressions driven traffic from search engine or in social direct landing page. So, if you display one Google AdSense ad unit on your blog or commercial website and it is possibly shown 1000 times and if visitors clicked on it 2 times; then you're getting Adsense average CTR 0.20% rate for display banner ads.
The high average banner ads display (CTR) the lower (RPM) revenue per impression you get earn to every average (CPM) display ads without conversation.
Let users engage your ads to increase conversation to get high earning value per click to every banner ad unit displayed on your blog or commercial website.
How to protect your Google AdSense from high CTR?
The higher click through rate of your ad units will decrease the value earnings per click. Ads engagement is the answer to increase (CPC) cost per click, (CPI) cost per install.


text:
Q: Parameter in the main Method in Java When i run a .JAR ( for example) by the cmd , i can pass the following code : Arg1 Arg2 Arg3  , that will be used by the String[] args parameter.
As I can pass any number of strings in this way, then the String [] args behaves like a varargs parameter?
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: dll "drop in" architecture using Castle Windsor & MicroKernel I'd like to create a framework that uses IoC without needing any configuration:
So instead of (adjusted from http://www.castleproject.org/container/gettingstarted/part1/code.html):
IWindsorContainer container = new WindsorContainer();
container.AddComponent("someinterface", typeof(ISomeInterface));
ISomeInterface component = (ISomeInterface) container[typeof(ISomeInterface)];
component.DoIt();
container.Release(component);

The container.AddComponent method would not need to be called, as there would have been some initial step that did some 'auto wiring' by looking in a known directory for any dlls containing classes that implemented ISomeComponent and registered them with the WindsorContainer.
I can see that this would be possible to do from scratch, but ideally I'd like not to rewrite this code if there is an open source project out there that has already done it!


text:
Escalante's Dream: On the Trail of the Spanish Discovery of the Southwest (Paperback)
(HIS US WST GEN)
McGregor Square - Open Every Day 10am-7pm
Aspen Grove - Open Every Day 10am-6pm
Famed adventure writer David Roberts retraces the route of the legendary Domínguez-Escalante expedition.
In July 1776, Franciscan friars Francisco Atanasio Domínguez and Silvestre Vélez de Escalante set out from Santa Fe to blaze a pathway to the new Spanish missions in California, across the huge expanse of what would become the American Southwest. In October, in western Utah, ravaged by hunger and cold, the twelve-man team had to turn back. Stymied by the raging Colorado River, killing their horses for food, the men saw an exploring expedition transformed into a fight for survival. In this chronicle of adventure and history, David Roberts retraces the Spaniards' forgotten route, using Escalante's diary as his guide. Blending personal narrative with critical analysis, Roberts relives the glories, catastrophes, and courage of this desperate journey.
David Roberts (1943–2021) is the author of thirty books on mountaineering, exploration, and anthropology. His books have won the Boardman Tasker Award for Mountain Literature and the Grand Prize at the Banff Mountain Book Competition.
History / United States / State & Local / Southwest (AZ, NM, OK, TX)
History / Europe / Spain
History / Expeditions & Discoveries
Travel / United States / West / Mountain (AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, NV, UT, WY)
Kobo eBook (July 15th, 2019): $17.95
Hardcover (July 16th, 2019): $26.95
Compact Disc (August 27th, 2019): $19.99
MP3 CD (August 27th, 2019): $19.99
A luminous work of exploration, both personal and historical, written by one of my very favorite writers of the American Southwest.
— Douglas Preston, best-selling author of The Lost City of the Monkey God and Cities of Gold
Superbly written, Escalante's Dream is a multidirectional literary and historical exploration of the unknown American Southwest.
— Bruce Berger - Wall Street Journal
An amiably discursive, often beguiling entry in what has become a venerable literary form: the expedition in pursuit of an expedition. Roberts knows his Southwestern history, and he knows how to craft an artful sentence.
— Philip Connors - New York Times Book Review

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Telmatoscopus macneilli és una espècie d'insecte dípter pertanyent a la família dels psicòdids que es troba a Califòrnia.

Referències

Bibliografia
 Ježek, J., 1989. Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Telmatoscopus Eat. (Diptera, Psychodidae). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae. 44B:75-104.

Enllaços externs
 Arctos
 The Animal Diversity Web
 ION

macneilli

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
import asyncio
import logging
import os

from slack_sdk.socket_mode.aiohttp import SocketModeClient

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)

async def main():
    client = SocketModeClient(app_token=os.environ["SLACK_APP_TOKEN"])
    await client.connect()
    await asyncio.sleep(3)
    await client.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

# The issue:
# ERROR:asyncio:Unclosed client session
# client_session: <aiohttp.client.ClientSession object at 0x10e1085e0>
# INFO:slack_sdk.socket_mode.aiohttp:The session has been abandoned

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The 2009 report of the National Council to Reduce Violence against Women and their Children, Time for Action, acknowledged the complex interraction between State and Territory family/domestic violence and child protection laws and the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). The National Council also stressed the importance of consistent interpretation and application of laws relating to family/domestic violence and sexual assault, including rules of evidence, in ensuring justice for victims of such violence.
At its meeting of 16–17 April 2009, the Standing Committee of Attorneys-General agreed that Australian law reform commissions should work together to consider these issues.
the impact of inconsistent interpretation or application of laws in cases of sexual assault occuring in a family/domestic violence context, including rules of evidence, on victims of such violence.
In relation to both issues I request that the Commission consider what, if any, improvements could be made to relevant legal frameworks to protect the safety of women and their children.
consult with relevant courts, the Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, relevant State and Territory agencies, State and Territory Legal Aid Commissions, the Family Law Council, the Australian Domestic Violence Clearinghouse and similar bodies in each State and Territory.
Considering the scale of violence affecting Australian women and their children and acknowledging the Australian Government's commitment to developing a National Plan through COAG for release in 2010, the Commission will report no later than 31 July 2010.
* In a letter dated 3 June 2010, the Attorney-General of Australia, the Hon Robert McClelland MP, agreed to exend the reporting date for the Inquiry to 10 September 2010. This date was again amended in a letter dated 13 September 2010, to a new reporting date of 10 October 2010.


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Neuroscience & Neurology
Health & Healthcare
BioPsychoSocial Health
Stigmatization
Drugs & Clinical Trials
Living with a Brain Disorder
The Psychology Behind the Lipstick Effect
by Amy Wong, MS | September 26, 2012
What is the cost of beauty? Apparently not even an empty wallet can slow down the desired red pucker of a woman's lips.
Although data from previous recessionary periods consistently demonstrate that times of economic turmoil generally force consumers to downsize on all sorts of spending — from groceries, to homes, to vacations (hence, coining the term "stay-cation") — there is one consumer good that has fared unusually well in the midst of layoffs and home foreclosures: beauty products. For example, sales figures from one of the world's biggest cosmetics companies — L'Oreal — showed a surprising growth of 5.3% in 2008, a year when the rest of the economy was suffering record declines in sales. The notion that women may spend relatively more money on beauty enhancing products during economic recessions has been dubbed by journalists as the lipstick effect.
Although the idea of the lipstick effect appears counterintuitive, this phenomenon is not a recent observation. The influence of diminished monetary status on women beautification behaviors is believed to have occurred even during the Great Depression, when sales of women's cosmetic products boomed unexpectedly. To understand how and why economic recessions might influence women's psychology and behavior, one research team recently presented five interconnected studies that provided novel insights into women's mating psychology, consumer behavior, and the relationship between the two. These studies are described below.
Study 1 – The researchers used real-world data to examine the relationship between economic condition and consumer spending over the last 20 years. They found that fluctuating economic conditions, as indexed by unemployment, were related to consumer spending priorities. Higher unemployment was associated with decreased spending on products unrelated to appearance (e.g. furniture) and increased spending on appearance related products (e.g. cosmetics and clothing).
Study 2 – Men and women were instructed to indicate their desire for products that could or could not enhance attractiveness after being primed with economic recession or control cues. It was found that exposure to recession cues decreased both men and women's desire to purchase products unrelated to appearance; however, the same recession cues persistently increase women's desire to purchase appearance related products.
Study 3 – The mediating mechanisms of the lipstick effect were tested. It was revealed that the psychological processes driving the lipstick effect were rooted in women's mating psychology. The authors rationalized that because there are fewer men with access to resources during recessionary periods, women's desire for a resourcefully wealthy mate increased in response to recession cues.
Study 4 – The model described in study 3 was supported by the results of study 4. Here, the influences of beauty product prices on the lipstick effect were tested. It was found that recession cues did not increase women's desire for discount brand beauty products because they were perceived as being less effective at enhancing attractiveness to mates. These results detract from the previous hypothesis that that the lipstick effect reflects a general spending shift wherein women choose to buy inexpensive indulgences (e.g. $40 tube of lipstick) in the place of more expensive ones (e.g. $2500 luxury designer handbag). Instead, the findings suggest that the lipstick effect reflects a strategic spending shift towards products that women believe will make them more attractive to mates.
Study 5 – Finally, the type of women who were most likely to exhibit the lipstick effect were determined. It was found that when jeans, perfume, and high-heeled boots were advertised as serving a mate attraction function, economic recession cues increased women's desirability for those products. On the contrary, when the same products were advertised serving a non-mating function, the lipstick effect was suppressed. Thus, the authors concluded that economic recessions are most likely to spur yearning for beauty products in women who are intentionally trying to attract a relationship partner.
Despite quick judgments garnered from the casual observer that splurges on beauty products during recessionary periods are rather senseless, these findings suggest that the shift in women's spending may actually reflect a deeper, strategic, and adaptive rationality. As described by the authors, "women's psychologies may have been shaped to respond to economic resource scarcity by allocating more effort into securing a financially secure mate in an environment where such mates are scarce". Whether absurdly moronic or brilliantly rooted through ancestral psychology, one thing remains true: the lipstick effect continues to persist throughout the ages, its name founded on a product creation that epitomizes the core of the phenomenon—the seductive attraction of ruby red lips.
Hill SE, Rodeheffer CD, Griskevicius V, Durante K, & White AE (2012). Boosting beauty in an economic decline: Mating, spending, and the lipstick effect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 103 (2), 275-91 PMID: 22642483
Koehn, NF. Estee Lauder and the market for prestige cosmetics. Harvard Business School Cases. 2001 Feb;801-362, 1-44.
Image via Seprimor / Shutterstock.
The "Dark Beast" Behind Combat Trauma—a Clinician's View
Friendship Bench—A Model for Accessible Mental Health Care
Mental Health is Not Just the Absence of Mental Illness
Amy Wong, MS
Amy Wong, MS, is a medical writer and conducts traumatic brain injury research in a large academic institution. She holds a Master's of Science from the University of Toronto under the department of Pharmacology. Her studies pertained to the selective field of neuropsychopharmacology examining the biological implications of post-stroke depression.
See All Posts By The Author
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Marijuana Withdrawal Syndrome
Free Will is NOT An Illusion
Full Recovery from Schizophrenia?
The Anti-Psychiatry Movement
The Personality of Chronic Fatigue
Is Schizophrenia Really a Brain Disease?
Vaccines – A Two-Edged Sword
Social Isolation and Mental Illness
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New 'Brain Games' Exclusive Preview – Times Square Mass Mind Reading
This Sunday February 14th (9 p.m. ET), the Emmy-nominated Brain Games tv-show is back! Wonder junkie Jason Silva returns to our screens, teaming up with... READ MORE →
Like what you read? Give to Brain Blogger sponsored by GNIF with a tax-deductible donation.
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text:
The Cameraman
The Cameraman (Buster Keaton & Edgar Sedgwick, 1928)
Hopelessly in love with a woman working at MGM Studios, a clumsy man attempts to become a motion picture cameraman to be close to the object of his desire.
This is the first official review of my new feature that I hope to get running longer than the last ones I intended. Since, it's a part of my film buff quest, to watch the entire list of the 1000 Greatest Films of All Time of the Website They Shoot Pictures Don't They?, this new feature available on your left by the label Pantheon Directors, must be a more sizable goal to achieve. Starting with one of the few Buster Keaton films left on the list that I needed to see, I wanted to be able to fully judge if I'm still more of a Charlie Chaplin kind of person or if my heart will switch to "The Great Stone face". This goes out to the good old adversity of Chaplin vs. Keaton or Keaton vs. Chaplin. Well, it ends up that even the most respected film critics don't agree.
With The Cameraman Keaton does what he knows best while clearly injecting some melancholy and maybe a little bit of pathos. It is interesting to observe that it was Keaton's first film for the MGM Studios and that they tried to impose their rigid style of film making and impose him their writers. This is one of the main reasons that Keaton felt into alcoholism later and lost almost everything. Hopefully, The Cameraman is clearly a Buster Keaton masterpiece and the MGM reform didn't altered his touch.
Our main character named Buster just like the actor portraying him, meets a woman (Marceline Day) and wants to be with her. She works at the MGM studios and he wants to get a trial to get to be with her and eventually ask her out. However, he is a clumsy man and even if the road is filled with obstacle he is also stubborn and in love. Just like Keaton said himself, his little fellow is an honest man who works and want to get the girl fair and square. Chaplin's tramp, on the contrary was a bum with a bum attitude and if he had to steal he'd steal. Another aspect of Keaton's world is how he represents women and his character's relationship with them. He treats them as his equal and while having respect for them he also insert them in his gags. Chaplin idolized women and would never touch their goddess-like aura.
With The Cameraman, Keaton proves again that he is a funny man that can make multiple physical gags but moreover that he is a marvellous storyteller displaying emotions with the deadpan expression and his long shots. Even if it's a guy gets the girl classic story, the universality and the quality of this picture is quite something. One of Buster Keaton's best Silent comedies.
Labels 1000gf, 1928, 5star, Buster Keaton, Edgar Sedgwick, Pantheon Directors
This is easily my favorite Keaton film from the MGM era. The whole sequence with the monkey is hysterical.
Actually, I'd like to get a tattoo of that poster- Buster, the camera, and the monkey.
MP August 2, 2012 at 8:01 AM
This is the only one of his MGM films that's his. Sadly, MGM almost destroyed his career with their system...
If you get that tattoo I'd love to see a picture of it. I especially love the poster of the film!
Chip Lary August 2, 2012 at 4:50 PM
I liked this film, like I have with all Keaton films I've seen. I probably wouldn't put it at the top of his work, though. It's funny, because I did have a small feeling that he was trying to be a little more like Charlie Chaplin in this film, rather than just do an out and out comedy.
That also was in my mind when I watched it. But I think they both have their own ways with women. The competition was fierce between them and I think that at some level Chaplin was keener in his financial choices, keeping the possession of his movies instead of, like Keaton, selling it to MGM or another studio... However, they both have strong films that I deeply love.


Teachers of less commonly taught languages often face the challenge of having few colleagues with whom to collaborate on a regular basis. This session will discuss how Meetup.com has been used to organize a Baltimore language group for Latin speakers. We will cover the nuts and bolts of the Meetup website, as well as general community building suggestions.


text:
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Last post on : December 4, 2019
The National Board of Review Names 'The Irishman' Best Movie Of 2019
Published On December 4, 2019 » 81 Views» By Z-rowe »
Just a day or two after 'Marriage Story' took home the top prize at the 2019 Gotham Awards, Martin Scorsese's Netflix film 'The Irishman' was named movie of the year by the National Board of Review.
The organization — comprised of filmmakers, professionals and academics, also named Steven Zallian's script for 'The Irishman' as best adapted screenplay of the year. Scorsese's opus hit the steaming service over last week's Thanksgiving holiday, and the film will continue to roll out in theaters in the coming weeks.
Best director went to Quentin Tarantino for his 'Once Upon a Time in Hollywood' movie. Adam Sandler won best actor for his role in 'Uncut Gems' and Renee Zellweger won best actress for her performance in Judy.
For those wondering, Adam Driver won best actor at the Gotham Awards and Awkwafina won best actress.
So yeah, it's safe to say this is going to be a very interesting awards season. There are no clear favorites, at least not yet. Every category is stacked.
There are going to be a lot of disappointed people.
National Board of ReviewThe Irishman
Watch The First Teaser Trailer...
Check Out The First Image...
'Mad Max: Fury Road"...
Z-rowe
25-year-old freelance writer. Zachary writes. He's a writer. He is writing this right now. I don't like him. You shouldn't either.
Most Smack Talked This Week
First Character Photos of 50 Shades Movie Released
New James Brown Biopic "Get on Up", Releases new Trailer and Movie Poster
First Look: Redband Trailer for Mark Wahlberg's 'The Gambler'. Does a Bald John Goodman Steal the Show? (Video)
Movie Review: Paul Blart: Mall Cop 2 - I've Honestly Never Been in a Theater So Silent.
An FTB Digital Media Property 2007 - 2014, All rights Reserved.


text:
# 308 - Why Did Summer Go So Quickly?
Submitted by djbc on Sun, 09/08/2019 - 2:27pm
television awards
the djbc happy hour
the marvelous mrs maisel
wbns 10tv
59:26 minutes (54.42 MB)
WCRS 2018 Emmy Awards Preview Special
Submitted by wcrsproducer on Mon, 09/17/2018 - 5:58pm
wcrs specials
# 268 - It's SO Scandalous, I Might Offend Someone (Summer Finale)
Submitted by djbc on Sun, 08/26/2018 - 10:12pm
the big table
wcrs fm radio
Tonight on the show, the final word on the Urban Meyer Scandal for the summer. Plus, updates on The Crew and the 12th District Congressional Race. And, a supersized Weekend Warrior with September events. And a preview of The Emmy Awards, plus Michigan and Ohio State Football
MICHIGAN FOOTBALL SCHEDULE:
9/01 - at Notre Dame (7:30PM, NBC)
9/08 - WESTERN MICHIGAN (Noon)
9/15 - SOUTHERN METHODIST (3:30PM)
9/22 - NEBRASKA
9/29 - at Nebraska
10/06 - MARYLAND
10/13 - WISCONSIN
10/20 - at Michigan State (Little Brothers Week, Fox)
10/27 - BYE (just like the B*ckeyes, go watch the Capital/Otterbein game, go grocery shopping, or clean the rat droppings out of your kitchen ceiling)
11/03 - PENN STATE
11/10 - at Rutgers
11/17 - INDIANA (Senior Day)
11/24 - THE GAME at "You Know Who"
12/01 - B1G Championship
12/31 - College Football Playoff
1/07 - National Championship
Ohio State B*ckeyes YOU KNOW WHO
9/01 - vs. Columbus East
9/08 - vs. Bishop Watterson
9/15 - vs. The Little Sisters of the Poor (at AT&T Stadium)
9/22 - vs. Westland
9/29 - at Penn State
10/06 - vs. Bishop Hartley
10/13 - vs. Columbus College of Art and Design
10/20 - at Upper Arlington
10/27 - BYE (Somehow they LOSE this week, too)
11/03 - vs. Nebraska
11/10 - at Michigan State
11/17 - vs. University of Phoenix
11/24 - POETIC JUSTICE
Late December* - Mid-Level Bowl
* - Must win 6 games to get there, don't know if Urban will be coaching this year, still.
# 229: Harvey and Irma and Boomer and Emmy
Submitted by djbc on Mon, 09/11/2017 - 5:57pm
jt barrett
Tonight on the show, a preview of the 69th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards. Who will win for Drama Series? Who won at the Creative Arts Emmys, and a recap of Oklahoma's thrilling win over the B*ckeyes, and why it's time to move on from the B*ckeyes.
All that, plus happenings around town.
# 191: The Boomer Sooner Emmy Preview Show
ohio state sucks
ohio state vs oklahoma
Tonight on the show:
- The Creative Arts Awards, Who won and who lost? Which Guest Acting winner wasn't even a nominee when the nominations were announced? Plus, was the 18th time the charm for Amy Poehler? And, will Game of Thrones be # 1 all-time in Primetime at the Emmys? (Spoiler alert below)
- Ohio State at Oklahoma; Will Oklahoma beat the B*ckeyes in Norman? Will the B*ckeyes cheat their way to the top and cruise to another National Title?
- Michigan & Ohio State's seasons thus far
COMMUNITY HAPPENINGS:
- '90s Fest (9/16 at Columbus Commons)
- Rock the Ville (9/17 in Uptown Westerville; rescheduled from August 13)
- Independent's Day (9/17 & 18 in East Franklinton)
- Columbus VegFest (9/24 at Northland Performing Arts Center)
- 50th Oktoberfest (9/24-25 at Ohio Expo Center)
- Otterbein Homecoming (9/30 & 10/01 at Otterbein University)
SELECT CREATIVE ARTS EMMY WINNERS:
Guest Actor, Comedy: Peter Scolari, Girls (HBO)
Guest Actress(es), Comedy: Tina Fey & Amy Poehler, SNL (NBC)
Guest Actress, Drama: Margo Martindale, The Americans (F/X)
Guest Actor, Drama: Hank Azaria, Ray Donovan (Showtime)
Game of Thrones - 9 Emmys on September 10; 33 wins all-time; Most Honored Drama Series of All-Time
# 159: Autumn, The Center of Our Universe
Submitted by djbc on Sat, 09/26/2015 - 1:16am
Tonight on the show, recaps of the Emmys, and the B*ckeye struggles against Northern Illinois, a team that the B*ckeyes should have clobbered, but didn't. Plus, the show opens with Neil DeGrasse Tyson exploring the role that Autumn plays.
"Moondance" - Van Morrison
"Dancing in the Moonlight" - King Harvest
"California Dreamin'" - The Mamas and the Papas
"Autumn in New York"
# 157: Emmys Unfiltered
Submitted by djbc on Thu, 09/17/2015 - 11:40am
Tonight on the show, the Emmys. Who will win and who will lose on Emmy night? HBO won 29 Emmys at the Creative Arts Emmys last Saturday, with Game of Thrones winning eight of them, needing only one win to tie the record set by The West Wing in 2000, and two to set a new record, on Sunday night. Mad Men can be alone on top of the Drama mountain with a record-setting fifth Drama Series win on Sunday night. Game of Thrones leads overall with 24 nominations, more than twice as many as the new two shows apiece, House of Cards and Mad Men, which both got 11 nods each. Modern Family is vying for a record-setting sixth Comedy Series Emmy, and standing in the way are (besides a lack of Writing and Directing nods for the five-time defending Comedy Champs) Veep (in a Presidential Election Cycle already forming) and the new kid on the online block, Transparent, with nine and 11 nominations, respectively.
The 67th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards air Sunday night at 8PM (after the Cowboys/Eagles game) on Fox, hosted by Andy Samberg.
PREDICTIONS (for Telecast Categories on September 20):
Comedy Series: Veep
Drama Series: Mad Men
Limited Series: Olive Kitteridge
Variety/Talk: The Late Show with David Letterman
Variety/Sketch: Inside Amy Schumer
Reality-Competition: The Amazing Race
Lead Actor, Comedy: Jeffrey Tambor, Transparent
Lead Actress, Comedy: Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Veep
Supporting Actor, Comedy: Tituss Burgess, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Supporting Actress, Comedy: Allison Janney, Mom
Writing, Comedy: "Alive in Phoenix", Last Man on Earth
Directing, Comedy: "Alive in Phoenix", Last Man on Earth
Lead Actor, Drama: Jon Hamm, Mad Men
Lead Actress, Drama: Viola Davis, How To Get Away With Murder
Supporting Actor, Drama: Jonathan Banks, Better Call Saul
Supporting Actress, Drama: Lena Headey, Game of Thrones
Writing, Drama: "Person to Person", Mad Men
Directing, Drama: "Mother's Mercy", Game of Thrones
The DJBC Happy Hour - Emmys 2015 Promo (September 14)
Submitted by wcrsproducer on Sun, 09/06/2015 - 11:00pm
djbc happy hour
wcrs promo
0:45 minutes (716.92 KB)
Promo for September 14 "The DJBC Happy Hour" (Show # 157: The Emmys)
The 2014 Emmy Awards Preview (The DJBC 2014 Summer Finale)
Submitted by djbc on Sat, 08/16/2014 - 2:52pm
Tonight on the show, the Emmy Awards are previewed, leading up to the 66th Annual Primetime Emmy Awards on August 25 on NBC, hosted by Seth Meyers.
Emmys 2014 Promo (08-18-2014)
Promo for the August 18, 2014 "The DJBC Happy Hour" Summer Finale


text:
Q: Dealing with bridges over roads in PostGIS topology? first time posting please ask for more details if not enough provided.
I am using OSM road data and have created postgres topology for them. I am now cleaning up the data before exporting it for network analysis.
I have encountered a problem that I am struggling to resolve for (the many) cases where a bridge goes over a road. In my topology a node has been created where they cross, but it is of course impossible to turn off a bridge on to the road underneath, so my network analysis will create incorrect routes.

In this example the node id is labelled in red and the edge id is labelled in white. For example on node 29, I need to prevent the possibility of routing along edge 43 -> edge 37. Also see node 22, this node must be preserved as edges 35 and 29 merge into edge 25, but it needs to be removed from edges 37 and 26 and replaced with one disconnected edge.
The roads have a 'layer' attribute associated to them (from OSM I believe) which ranges from -5 to 5, which might be used as a flag however I've struggled with it so far.
Also, each edge has a weight attribute that must be preserved in the final output. All I require as output is a CSV of n1, n2, weight.
The dataset is large (one country), and I'd prefer a solution in postgres, however I could explore other solutions in python, R etc.
It strikes me that this must be a common requirement when cleaning road data for network analysis but I've struggled to find any documented examples.


text:
Applications of Silk in Biomedical and Healthcare Textiles
By Edison Omollo Oduor, Lucy Wanjiru Ciera and Edwin Kamalha
Submitted: January 25th 2021Reviewed: February 15th 2021Published: December 22nd 2021
Home > Books > Textiles for Functional Applications
Global trends are shifting towards environmental friendly materials and manufacturing methods. Therefore, natural fiber applications are gaining traction globally. Silk, a natural protein fiber is one of the textile fibers that have recently received more attention due to the new frontiers brought about by technological advancement that has expanded the use of silk fiber beyond the conventional textile industry. The simple and versatile nature of silk fibroin process-ability has made silk appealing in wide range of applications. Silk is biocompatible, biodegradable, easy to functionalize and has excellent mechanical properties, in addition to optical transparency. This review chapter explores the use of silk in biomedical applications and healthcare textiles. Future trends in silk applications are also highlighted.
Silk fibroin
Bio-applications
Functional textiles
Edison Omollo Oduor*
Technical University of Kenya, Kenya
Lucy Wanjiru Ciera
Edwin Kamalha
Busitema University, Uganda
*Address all correspondence to: edisonomollo@gmail.com
Textiles for Functional ApplicationsEdited by Bipin Kumar
Textiles for Functional Applications
Edited by Bipin Kumar
Silk is a natural fibrous protein biopolymer, spun by arthropods like spiders, mites, fleas and silkworms [1]. The structure, composition and properties of silk differ depending on their specific function and source [2]. Silkworms are one of the silk spinning insects that has been researched in detail and finds wide applications in textiles [3]. Silk production, also known as sericulture, has a long history that is usually closely associated with China. Silk was discovered in 2640 B.C. by Hsi-Ling-Chi, who also found out that silk fiber loosened and unwound in hot water; and twisted to make thread that was used to weave a very strong cloth. Hsi-Ling-Chi later developed a means of raising silkworms and a method of reeling the fibers to make garments [4, 5]. As silk became a very precious commodity, sericulture spread within china and to other countries. Demand for silk products created a trade route that is famously known as Silk Road [6].
Silk filaments from silkworms are classified into two types; mulberry and non-mulberry (also called wild or vanya silk). Mulberry silk are generally produced by Bombyx moriwhich are insects belonging to the Bombycidae family. Bombyx morifeeds on mulberry plant leaves. Mulberry silk is further divided into bivoltine and multivoltine, depending on the number of silk cocoon crops harvested annually. Bivoltine is harvested twice a year while multivoltine is harvested throughout the year [7]. Non-mulberry silk on the other hand, is silk from Saturniidae family. Non-mulberry silk includes tasar silk, muga silk and eri silk. Tasar silk is secreted by Antheraeasilkworms. They have hard and compact cocoons. Tasar silk can either be tropical tasar or temperature tasar. Muga silk is produced by Anteraea assamensissilkworm; it has a unique natural golden color, with significant luster and durability. Eri silk is produced by Philosamia synthia ricini (also called Samia cynthia)silkworms, which usually feed on castor or papa plant leaves. Eri silk being in the wild silk category, has however been completely domesticated just like mulberry silkworms. Eri silk cocoons draw shorter silk fibers when compared to other silks which draw continuous filaments [8, 9].
Silk cocoons comprise over 95% proteins and about 5% impurities (mineral salts, waxes, ash). Raw silk consists of two proteins; sericin (gum) and fibroin (fibers). Sericin and fibroin are composed of amino acid chains. The types and composition of these amino acids are different for sericin and fibroin. Non-mulberry silk has lower sericin with higher levels of impurities compared to mulberry silk [10]. After degumming, sericin and other impurities are removed from the raw silk fibers. Therefore, degummed silk is composed of mainly fibroin protein [11, 12].
Several authors have reviewed, described and demonstrated the structure of silk fiber varieties, especially Bombyx moriin relation to several performance properties. These include: conformations of silk, heavy chains with possible chain folding and micelle assembly in water, primary structure, 12 repetitive and 11 amorphous regions, amino acid sequences of i, ii, and iii, hierarchal structure among others (Figure 1) [13].
Schematic presentation of the silk fibroin (SF) structure; d represents the diameter of a single silkworm thread [13]. Reproduced with permission.
Silk fibers are usually used for conventional textile applications after the removal of sericin and other impurities. Recently however, due to excellent mechanical and optical properties, as well as its biocompatibility, biodegradability and implant ability, silk has found increased applications in functional textiles [1, 14, 15]. This has been made possible by the simple and versatile nature of the silk fibroin process ability into various forms such as sponges, gels, strands, blocks, foam, films, and more recently, nanofibers [16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]. Applications of silk in biomedical materials, drug delivery and in optics and sensing are therefore discussed in this chapter. The chapter underscores the forms and properties of silk making them suitable in these applications.
2. Common manufacturing processes for silk-based functional products
More recently, silk fibroin (SF) films with fineness ranging from hundreds nanometers to tens micrometres are obtained from regenerated solutions through liquid processing including: spin coating, inject printing, doctor blade, soft lithography, contact printing or nano- imprinting, among others; that support industrial scale production. Doping, blending and functionalization of SF has also been a route to achieve substrates for advanced technological use in organic electronic sensors based on field effect transistors, and with optically active dyes, particularly for biomedical applications [22, 23, 24, 25]. Nano and micro-patterning, through spin coating and lasing, was used to obtain stilbene-doped silk film of significant mechanical performance and optical performance [24].
Innovative attempts during breeding and feeding of silk worms, through incorporation of dopants in the diet, have yielded modified SF substrates of functional value; e.g. silk threads with electrical conductivity through incorporation of silver nanoparticles in mulberry diet, fluorescence introduced in silk fiber through colorant compounds in mulberry feed, among others [26, 27, 28, 29]. These approaches save on extra processes and time that would be required as after treatments, and enhance the durability of such functions. Optimization of silk-worm breeding is often required for control and reproducibility of functional substrates. For example, among others, the silkworm survival rates, temperature conditions and duration of the larval cycle are monitored.
Based on different varieties of B. mori, in 2019, a silk fibroin based technology was developed in order to optimize and support industrial bio-manufacturing [30]. The evaluation and standardization of extraction, purification, and characterization methods were reported; yielding biocompatible SF substrates with high purity and outstanding chemo-physical performance. The result was a validated bio-diagnostic microfluidic and photonic device (a lab-on-a-chip) (Figure 2).
Schematic picture of the biomanufacturing approach to obtain SF based technological substrates [30]. Reproduced with permission.
Several conventional textile spinning and construction methods are used for production of functional silk yarns, fabrics; including a variety of finishing technologies through which active functional ingredients may also be introduced. Therefore, such might be applied during fiber spinning (e.g. for sutures) and after fabric construction through a variety of wet and dry finishing processes [31]. Innovative approaches include micropatterning, 3D printing and more nanotechnology based systems (Figure 3).
Structural design of SF-based biomaterials from single structures to multi-level structure [32,33]. Reproduced with permission.
Electrospinning is a common method used in the production of nanofibers and microfibers from SF solutions. The ensuing fibers possess a high specific surface, favoring the use of such scaffolds in tissue regeneration [34, 35]. The mechanism of electrospinning (Figure 4) is based on a high electric voltage applied to the fiber polymer solution. The polymer solution is ejected when the electric force overcomes the surface tension of the polymer solution, forming a polymer jet. Electrospinning can be of needle or needleless. The needle electrospinning utilizes a high-voltage power supply, and a syringe needle connected to a power supply and pointed towards a collector. Needle electrospinning options pose a demerit of very low productivity, thus, unsuitable for practical commercial value. Needleless electrospinning setups have been innovated recently. In these systems, polymer jets form simultaneously from the surface of polymer solution by self-assembly [36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41].
Schematic images of needle-less (A) and Needle (B) electrospinning processes [40]. Reproduced with permission.
3. Silk in biomedical textiles
Biomedical textiles are composed of fibrous units produced from natural or synthetic materials. These textiles are used in either external or internal environment of living organisms [42]. Biomedical textiles are further used, medically, to improve the medical condition of a patient [43, 44]. Some biomedical textiles include implantable, non-implantable and extracorporeal devices as well as hygiene and health care products [45]. Non-implantable materials/devices include wound dressings materials like bandages and gauzes. While, implantable materials/devices include artificial arteries, heart valves, sutures, and vascular grafts among others. Extracorporeal devices mainly include artificial body organs. Hygiene and health care products include sanitary towels, tissue paper, wipes, hospital gowns and uniforms, hospital bed covers, surgical covers, masks and caps. Other biomedical textiles include polymer sensors and wearable medical implants [46, 47].
Textile materials used in biomedical applications must be non-allergic, non-carcinogenic, non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible. Additionally, biomedical textile materials must be able to be stable to handling and use. For example, during sterilization and use, they should not change their physical or chemical properties (e.g. through oxidation or chemical reaction). Other important properties for these textiles include: high tensile strength, elasticity, high burst stream, low permeability and durability [42, 48, 49]. Different synthetic (e.g. polyester, nylon, acrylics, and polyethylene) and natural (e.g. silk and cotton) fibers are used in production of biomedical textiles. Silk fibers possess good toughness and ductility in terms of elongation at break, tensile modulus and tensile strength; suitable for biomedical applications[1, 50]. Additionally, regenerated silk solutions are gaining popularity in producing various biomaterials in form of gels, films, membranes and sponges [51].
3.1 Silk in wound dressing
Studies have shown that silk fabricated through non-weaving and electrospinning can be used in wound dressings, and as drug carriers [1, 46, 52, 53]. Xia et al. [54] reported that silk fibers functionalized with silver nanoparticles presented special antibacterial properties in a wound dressing material. A two-layered wound dressing developed from a wax-coated silk woven fabric, a sericin sponge and a bioactive layer of glutaraldehyde cross-linked silk fibroin gelatin was reported to reduce the size of the wound, collagen and epithelialization [55, 56, 57]. He et al. [58] asserts that fibroin hydrogel from Bombyx moricocoons has good healing properties due to its biocompatibility nature, low biodegradability and immunogenic properties. On the other hand, Chouhan et al. [59] found that nanofibrous mats of silk, functionalized with Poly Vinyl Alcohol, (as a blend) mat supported diabetic wound healing. The mats were able to promote tissue re-modeling and also regulated extracellular matrix; thus the wound healing.
3.2 Silk garments for dermatology treatment
Atopic Dermatitis is a worldwide health concern, with a higher prevalence in developing countries, and occurring in among many age groups. Symptoms for Atopic Dermatitis include redness and itchiness of the skin. These symptoms can be severe leading to a chronically repeating flare characterized by serious eczema (distribution of skin lesions) [60]. Treatment and management of this condition requires skin stabilization, flare prevention, as well as the use of medication that can cure the symptoms [61]. Silk garments have been used as a textile-based therapy for Atopic Dermatitis owing to their hygienic properties including antibacterial properties. Additionally, silk filament fibers are strong and round in shape, and therefore fine and smooth. Wearers experience comfort to the skin as this structure prevents and scratching from friction and irritation to the skin [62]. Moreover, the fine and smooth fibers have no or very little abrasive effect on atopic skin. This enhances the recovery of the irritated skin unlike with rough fibers that irritate the skin. Due to a significant moisture regain, silk fibers are also able to maintain body humidity therefore reducing the sweat circulation and moisture loss that can make xerosis worse [63]. A study by Hung et al. [60] further the ability of silk garments to significantly decrease the severity level of dermatitis symptoms. The study emphasized the merits with the smoothness of silk which is friendly to the irritated skin. The fiber enhances collagen synthesis and also reduces inflammation which cures eczematous lesion [63, 64]. Moreover, hygienic properties of silk act as a skin barrier, protecting the skin from bacteria, viruses and other contamination that reduces the inflammation [60, 65]. Of importance is the sensory experience of patients with silk garments as highlighted by these studies; they contribute to the physical and emotional comfort of dermatitis patients which possibly aids the healing process. Therefore, silk garments can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to impede the severity of Atopic Dermatitis and other related dermatology conditions.
3.3 Silk in hygiene and health care products
The good mechanical properties of silk, its softness and antibacterial properties partly account silk's application in producing hygiene and health care products. Some applications of silk in hygiene and health care include: materials used in hospital wards and operating theatre as well as materials used in care and safety of hospital staff and patients. Silk materials used in operating theatre are in form of patient drapes, and surgical gear (as gowns, caps, masks and cover cloths) [46]. Silk, functionalized with titanium dioxide nanoparticles was used to produce a photocatalytic silk mask paper. The mask was found to exhibit special protective functions— degrading volatile organic compounds achieved by combining the unique properties of silk fibers and nano-TiO2 [66, 67, 68, 69].
3.4 Silk-based tissue engineering
Tissue engineering applies principles of biological sciences and engineering to develop biological substitutes to replace, enhance and maintain damaged or defective tissues such as cartilage, bone, skin and even organs [70, 71]. The choice of the biomaterial and the methods used determines whether the resulting bio-substitute will be functional. Silk has good mechanical properties, has a slow degradation rate and a low inflammatory response which makes it fit for use in tissue engineering. However, Sericin can elicit immune response and must therefore be completely removed before being used [72]. The type of silk that is commonly used in tissue engineering is Bombyx morisilk. Other types of silk that are gaining popularity include silk fibers from; P. ricini, A. assama, A. pernyiand A. mylitta[71, 73]. Silk-based tissue engineering includes: Scaffolds in form of skin grafts/artificial skin, bone grafts, artificial pancreas, cardiac tissue, artificial liver, artificial Intervertebral Disc Intervertebral disc, among others [74].
3.4.1 Skin grafts/artificial skin
Skin, the largest body organ protects the body against infections from pathogens and microorganisms [75]. Due to certain illness, the skin may get damaged and may require some replacement in form of grafts. A good graft is supposed to cover and protect the intended place without causing any negative immune response. This promotes fast healing that reduces chances of scarring on the body [46].
In the recent past, different biomaterials like silk fibroin, cellulose alginate, collagen, polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), silicone, dextranelastin and polyethylene glycol(PEG) have been explored as possible cellular scaffolds for skin grafts and wound healing [73, 76, 77]. Among these biomaterials, silk has been used to mimic human skin as well as in wound healing. This is because silk has notable properties like low immune response, biodegradability, biocompatibility and is cost-effective [1].
Additionally, studies have proved that silk supports human keratinocytes and fibroblasts which are important in engineering artificial skin [46, 73, 78]. Studies by Chauhan et al. [59, 79] have reported successful use of electrospun silk fibroin from A. assamaand P. ricinisilk species in wound dressing. The studies also reported that a blend of electrospun silk fibron with polyvinyl alcohol promotes faster healing of wounds due to granulation during tissue formation. Other studies have demonstrated the use of electrospun silk fibroin from A. assamakeratinocytes being successfully used in engineering artificial skin.
The therapeutic performance of SERI Surgical Scaffold has been studied; including open label clinical trials and case reports. A few studies have cited side effects such as poor scaffold integration (Figure 5), that have required surgical removal of the scaffold [80].
Examples of SERI Surgical Scaffold implant loss in humans. A) Silk fibroin surgical mesh prior to implantation. B) Intraoperative view showing a free lying scaffold in the breast pocket. C) Retrieved scaffold surrounded with seroma. D) Interaoperative view of surgically removed scaffold with interpenetrated granulation tissue/scar plate (at >5 months), and E) histology of retrieved sample showing granulation tissue with neutrophiles and giant cells at the material (1) interface (dotted line). Reproduced with permission [80]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier.
Comparing woven fabric, non-woven fabric and a film foam from silk fibroin in relation to cell culture responses by human oral keratinocytes, studies reported that water vapor-treated non-woven silk fibroin had better cell adhesion and dispersion of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes [46, 81]. This suggests that silk based biomaterials for tissue engineering requires a careful selection of fabrication techniques and material to blend with. Electrospinning is one of the preferred techniques for making non-woven nano-scale fiber mats for engineering artificial skin [51]. More results from electrospinning silk for tissue engineering include: electrospun silk fibroin scaffolds, 3D nonwoven scaffolds made from crosslinking silk fibroin with formic acid, and water vapor-treated silk fibroin nanofiber matrices among others. [46, 81, 82]. Reported blends that have been used successfully with silk for producing artificial skin include alginate, chitin, intermolecular cross-linked recombinant human-like collagen and biomimetic nanostructured collagen [46, 83, 84, 85].
3.4.2 Bone grafts
Today, various biomaterials are available for developing scaffold-based bone tissue. One of such material is silk fibroin which has good biological and physic-chemical properties— making it suitable for developing osteoinductive functional bone grafts that resemble collagen [86, 87]. Silk fibroin from A. mylittais reported to make porous scaffolds that mimic borne tissue [88]. Meinel et al. [89] induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in B. Morisilk fibroin to develop a bone graft. Other studies have explored blending B. Morisilk fibroin with hydroxyapatite to repair segmental bone defects [90, 91]. Findings by Reardon et al. [92] suggest that electrospun B. moriand A. assamasilk fbroin blended with 70S bioactive glass repairs osteochondral tissue defects. Moreover, a study by Moses et al. [93] reports use of copper-doped bioactive glass silk composite matrices to repair large volume bone defects.
Fixation devices, including bone plates and bone screws have been manufactured from B. morifibroin by casting in hexafluoroisopropanol, and formed into desired shaped (Figure 6) [94]. Silk screws tested in rats were well tolerated, showed early resorption and new bone formed around the threads of the screw. Such devices are easily malleable with hydration, allowing shaping for unique anatomical locations during surgery.
Silk-based devices for fracture fixation. A) scanning electron microscopy image of a silk fibroin screw. Scale bar is 1 mm. B) Silk fibroin screw inserted into a rat femur at 4 weeks postsurgery. C, D) Cross-sec-tions of the silk fibroin screw inserted into a rat femur at 4 weeks post-surgery; sections stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome, respectively. Adapted with permission [94] Copyright 2014, Macmillan Publishers.
3.4.3 Artificial ligament and tendon
Tissue engineering for ligament and tendons requires biomaterials that are biodegradable, have good mechanical properties, good structural integrity, biocompatible and promote regeneration of new ligament and tendon tissues [46]. Silk is thus a suitable fiber that meets these requirements for performance and function [1, 93]. Weaving and braiding are reported as the most preferred techniques for making silk based ligament and tendon [95, 96, 97]. Other studies have reported crosslinking silk fibers with collagen matrix, coating poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) fibers with silk, blending silk fibers with fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in developing artificial ligament and tendon [46, 98, 99, 100].
3.4.4 Cardiac tissue
The most difficult part in cardiac tissue engineering is to perfectly mimic the original extracellular matrix. Patra et al. [101] and Stoppel et al. [102] reported to have successfully used scaffolds made B. moriand A. mylittasilk fibroins to treat myocardial infarction. Moreover, Mehrotra et al. [103] developed a 3-D cardiac construct made from stacking cell-laden silk films; the constructs proved to be good for cardiac tissue regeneration [73].
3.4.5 Liver modules
Different bio-artificial liver and cell therapies to treat liver diseases are available today. Cirillo et al. [104] developed a film from a blend of silk fibroin and collagen. A study by She et al. [105] examined a film made from silk fibroin, chitosan and heparin scaffolds that showed hepatocyte regeneration. Another study [106] reports scaffolds made from a blend of polylactic acid (PLA) and silk fibroin had a higher differentiation and proliferation as compared to scaffolds made from pure PLA alone. Likewise, a study by Janani et al. [107] reports that a functional liver can be fabricated from a blend of mulberry (B. mori) and non-mulberry (A. assama) silk fibroin.
3.4.6 Artificial pancreas
Different types of microspheres, hydrogels and nanoparticles have been developed to ensure a continuous release of insulin in diabetic patients [108]. In the recent past, islets have been encapsulated with biomaterials before they are transplanted to prevent immune response and to have a continuous insulin release [109]. A study by Davis et al. [110] reports encapsulating islets in silk hydrogel which improved the in vivo functions of the islets after transplanting. In another study, a bio-artificial pancreas was developed using silk alginate to encapsulate insulin secreting cells [73].
3.4.7 Artificial intervertebral disc
A perfect biomaterial for making artificial intervertebral disc must have high tensile strength, be biocompatible and be able to simulate the natural extracellular matrix [111]. A study by Park et al. [112] reports a biphasic hybrid scaffold that was developed from a blend of silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid to simulate the components of an intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus (NP)) and an annulus fibrosus (AF)). In a related study, Du et al. [113] fabricated a 3-D biphasic silk fibroin scaffold to mimic the AF phase and phase separation technique for the NP phase. Moreover, Bhunia et al. [114] developed a bio-artificial AF construct with directional freezing technique involving concentric rings of lamellar silk scaffolds. The study further reports the proliferation of primary porcine AF cells using a mulberry and a non-mulberry silk combination which helped in cellular maturation, alignment and extracellular matrix deposition.
3.5 Silk in sutures
Sutures are an important material in surgical operations for primary wound closure. For this reason, various materials have been used in making sutures. These materials can be classified as either organic or synthetic according to their origin, or absorbable and non-absorbable according to their durability in the body [115]. Important properties for a good suture include: high tensile strength, elasticity, wound safety, knot safety and tissue reactivity [116, 117].
Silk, a natural non-absorbable suture material has been in use as a suture for several decades. However, other degradable synthetic sutures have dominated the market in the recent past. Nonetheless, silk suture is still preferred in cardiovascular, ocular and neural surgery because of its superior properties like good knot strength, ease of processing, minimum propensity to tear through tissue and biocompatibility [117].
Various modifications have been done on silk to improve its weak characteristics such as adding poly vinyl alcohol into silk fibroin to improve the tensile strength, elongation at break and the knot strength [118]. Bloch & Messores [119], reported coating silk filaments with fibroin and bounding them together to reduce the capillarity of silk sutures. Viju & Thilagavathi [120] coated silk-braided sutures with chitosan to improve the antimicrobial activity, tenacity and knot strength. Sudh et al. [121] developed a drug loaded antimicrobial silk suture for use in wound closure and wound healing meant to prevent surgical site infections. Choudhury et al. [122] developed a low-temperature O2 plasma-treated (Antheraea assama) silk fibroin (AASF) yarn impregnated with amoxicillin trihydrate. This was aimed at producing a controlled antibiotic-releasing suture (AASF/O2/AMOX) to prevent site bacterial infection and fasten wound healing. This shows the potential of silk in developing suture with special properties.
3.6 Silk in drug delivery
Drug delivery through polymeric systems has gained popularity over the years [51]. These systems serve as reservoirs to active ingredient in drugs and improve the drug's physicochemical properties [123]. Polymeric drug delivery systems are also good in specific targeting, intracellular transport and some are biocompatible which help in improving efficiency of the treatment and the life quality of the patients [123, 124]. A good drug delivery system should be able to stabilize the active ingredient in drugs, be able to modulate the drug's release mechanism, be biocompatible and biodegradable, as well as minimize any side effects of tissue specific targeting of highly toxic drugs [125, 126, 127].
Silk fibroin is used in drug delivery systems owing to its properties such as good mechanical properties, mild aqueous processing conditions, biocompatibility, biodegradability and its ability to enhance the stability of active ingredient in drugs; as proteins and small molecules [46, 128]. That notwithstanding, silk fibroin solutions can be processed using various techniques to produce different forms of delivery systems like scaffolds, films, hydrogels, nanoparticles, microspheres, and microcapsules among others [129]. Additionally, silk fibroin has carboxyl and amino groups which allow bio-functionalization with different biomolecules for targeted drug delivery [130]. Silk based drug delivery systems include hydrogels, micro particles, lyophilized sponges, films, nano-fibers and nano-particles.
Different researches have reported successful use of silk fibroin in delivery systems for different drugs and genes [131, 132, 133]. Tables 1 and 2 below presents some silk based drug and genes delivery systems.
Type of Drug Delivery System/material
Associated active ingredient
Silk sponges Erythromycin Sustained drug release and prolonged antimicrobial activity against Staphilococcus Aureus
Silk films Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) Enhanced stability
Glucose oxidase (GOx) Increased enzymatic activity
FITC-dextran Controlled drug release
Epirubicin Controlled drug release
Silk lyogels Hydrocortisone IgG Enhanced efficacy Enhanced stability and sustained release
Insertable Silk discs IgG and HIV inhibitor 5P12-RANTES Enhanced stability and modified release profile
Silk nanoparticles Curcumin Modified release profile and enhanced cellular uptake
Silk microspheres Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) Modified the release profile
Silk coated PCL microspheres Vancomycin Modified the release profile
Silk coated liposomes Ibuprofen Enhanced adhesion to human corneal epithelial cells, tunable drug release
Emodin Selective targeting of keloid cells
Silk-based drug delivery systems [100].
Recombinant silk–elastin-like polymer hydrogels (SELPs) Ad1–CMV2–LacZ3 Head and neck cancer in mice
pDNA4 (pRL5-CMV-luc6) NA
Ad–Luc–HSVtk7 Head and neck cancer in mice
3D porous scaffold Adenovirus Ad-BMP78 Human BMSCs
Bioengineered silk films pDNA (GFP9) Human HEK cells
Spermine modified SF pDNA and VEGF165–Ang-110 In vivo-rat
SF-Coated PEI/DNA Complexes pDNA (GFP) HEK 293 and HCT 116 cells
SF layer-by-layer assembled microcapsules pDNA-Cy511 NIH/3 T3 fibroblasts
Bioengineered silk–polylysine–ppTG1 nanoparticles pDNA Human HEK and MDA-MB-435 cells
Magnetic-SF/polyethyleneimine core-shell nanoparticles c-Myc12 antisense ODNs13y MDA-MB-231 cells
Silk –based gene delivery systems [100].
Adenovirus.
Cytomegalovirus promoter gene.
Beta galactosidase reporter gene.
Plasmid DNA.
Renilla luciferase.
Luciferase reporter gene.
Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.
Bone morphogenic protein.
Green fluorescent protein.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1.
Fluorescent probe.
MYC Proto-Oncogene.
Oligodeoxynucleotides [100].
4. Silk in protective clothing
Protective clothing are defined as textile structure designed to protect the human body from external threats such as fire, bullets, heat, cold, mechanical, biological, radiological, thermal and chemical hazards. Protective clothing are in different forms e.g. masks, gloves, vests, coats, aprons, hats, hoods or totally encapsulating chemical protective suits [134]. Some general characteristics of good protective clothing include: reliable barrier protection, durability, good fit, flexible, light weight, ease of care, maintenance and repair, ease of disposal and recycling.
Because of the interesting characteristics of silk, various research studies have examined its use in developing protective textiles. Some of these characteristics include hydrophobicity, antimicrobial and antiviral properties [135]. Recently, Parlin et al. [135] examined the potential of silk fabrics as a protective barrier for personal protective equipment and as a functional material for face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of this study showed that the use of the commercially available 100% silk material can be used in producing protective coverings that can prolong the lifespan of N95 respirators. The study also found 100% silk fabrics suitable for developing face coverings for the general public to prevent COVID-19 [135]. Additionally, the study suggests that because silk has unique properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, breathability, and slight hydrophobicity; prevention of penetration of droplets and antibacterial activity can imply potential use in developing respirator inserts [136, 137]. Moreover, other studies had showed that silk could be used as an antimicrobial barrier mask, with better filtration when multiple layers are used [135]. Besides, silk neither irritates the skin nor increases local humidity around the covered face, and prevents accidental stimulation of face touching; making it good for prolonged wear [138].
Another study by Zulan et al. [139] reports use of silk/graphene composite to make flame retardant protective clothing that can be used by fire fighters. Loh et al. [140] reports woven silk fabrics can be used for ballistic protection for aerospace, sports, military, marine and automotives. Mongkholrattanasit et al. [141] studied the ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of silk fabric dyed with eucalyptus leaf extract. Pad-dry and pad-batch techniques together with a metal mordant (AlK(SO4)2, CuSO4, and FeSO4) were used to apply a natural dye extracted from eucalyptus leaves on silk fabric. Results of his study showed that the UV protection factor of the silk fabric increased with an increase in the dye concentration and a darker shade gave the best UV-protective silk fabrics. Moreover, a study by Zhou et al. [142] also reports silk fabrics treated with red radish extracts provides good UV protection and that such fabrics can be used in making umbrellas, shade structures, awnings, and baby carrier covers among others.
5. Silk in optics and sensing
Synthetic biomaterials have been widely used in optics and sensing applications. For ophthalmic applications, which include lens replacement, retina reconstruction, vitreous replacement and ocular surface reconstruction, various materials such as poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone, acrylics, poly-tetrafluoroethylene among others have been extensively used due to the biological inert nature of these materials [143, 144]. With technological advances, regenerative medicine strategies have shifted to relying on the ability of the biomaterial scaffolds in supporting human cell adhesion, growth and maintenance of the right cells that encourage tissue replacement as well as integration with adjacent tissues [145]. Since most synthetic biomaterials lacked the aforementioned abilities, emerging technologies attempted the modification of synthetic biomaterial surfaces [146]. However, a major limitation of surface modified synthetic materials was that such materials are not transparent, especially for applications in tissue grafts which need to be optically clear and they are not biodegradable [143]. Materials derived from nature have therefore become popular because they support cell attachment and proliferation. These materials include cross-linked collagen-chitosan hydrogels [147], keratin [148], cross-linked collagen gels [149], silk fibroin [150] etc.
Apart from ophthalmic applications, there has been an increased desire for real-time diagnostics, sensing and deep tissue light delivery, which has led to development of photonic medical devices from materials which are implantable and biocompatible. These devices can therefore be used within the body for therapeutics and long term health monitoring, where they are integrated into the living tissue in the human body [151]. Non-biodegradable inorganic materials such as silicon, gold and compound semiconductors have been traditionally used in photonic devices. However, their biocompatibility have been found to be dependent on the device size, the presence of coatings and mechanical properties [152]. Hydrogel materials from poly-vinylalcohol (PVA) and poly-ethylglycol (PEG), which are biocompatible have also been used in tissue engineering applications because of their ability to retain water and mimic the human body extracellular matrix [153]. However, they have not found extensive application in sensing because of their poor adhesion to substrates and poor mechanical properties [154]. Selection of the right material for implantable photonic devices requires consideration of biocompatibility properties as well as the structural stability, mechanical flexibility and optical clarity [151]; requirements that silk fibroin meet. Silk fibroin is thus gaining traction in optical interfaces and sensor applications in implantable biomedical fields owing to its good mechanical and optical transparency, coupled with its biodegradability and biocompatibility [14]. Silk in film form has a free standing structure with thickness ranging from 20 to 100 μm. The films are very transparent across the visible region of the spectrum and are mechanically robust with smooth surfaces. The films can also be patterned during fabrication to form traverse features that are tens of nanometers, making them attractive in optical device applications [155].
Substratum for corneal limbal epithelial cells has been developed from silk fibroin membranes, by casting dialyzed solutions of silk fibroin protein. The transparent silk membrane was found to support growth of human limbal epithelial (HLE) cell growth, which did not change even when the silk membranes were cast in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) [156]. Such properties are favourable in the development of tissue engineered membranes for restoration of damaged ocular surfaces. Porous silk films have also been fabricated and shown to have potential in use as a carrier of cultivated epithelial sheets during regeneration of corneal epithelium [157].
Diffractive optical elements were fabricated by molding silk fibroin solution on poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) moulds with ruled and holographic diffraction grating, producing nano-patterned silk optical elements of thickness ranging from 30 to 50 μm and a refractive index of n = 1.55. These nano-patterned silk gratings had a diffraction efficiency of 34%, at a wavelength of 633 nm in the first order, which compares to that of transmissive glass gratings. This led to successful formation of silk micro-lens arrays and silk lenses, which couple light into biological substrates [158]. Such silk gratings can also be functionalized, to maintain the biologically active optical elements. Therefore this could allow the use of these silk devices in delivering light to biological matrices and concentrate photons with doped substrates for biological function probes. In another study, silk diffraction gratings with desired patterns were fabricated through photo-induced polymerization of silk conjugates and a photo-initiator, producing good diffraction intensity [159].
Silk micro-prism arrays (MPAs) were prepared by micro-molding technique, resulting into a silk reflector film of 100 μm in thickness. The MPAs provided contrast and optical signal enhancement by retro-reflecting scattered photons through layers of tissue when used in vivo on BALB/c mice. The silk MPAs had no adverse biological effects, degraded slowly and were integrated into the native tissue. Functionalization of silk MPA with doxorubicin (a chemotherapeutic drug), was further reported to allow controlled delivery, storage and imaging of therapeutics, besides improving noninvasive tissue imaging [160].
Optical waveguides, which have the ability to transport and manipulate light in a controlled manner [161], have also been fabricated from silk. Silk fibroin ink, used in direct ink writing technique, has enabled creation of silk optical waveguides. These have been found to easily guide light of wavelength 633 nm. These waveguides were reported to exhibit comparable optical loss measurements to those of thin silk films, an indication that they can be applied in fabrication of functionalized, biocompatible and biodegradable biophotonic elements [155].
Silk fibroin hydrogels have also found use in surface plasmon resonances (SPR) sensors, fabricated by utilizing the principle of metal–insulator–metal (MIM) absorber. Inclusion of a thin insulator layer of 20 nm silk fibroin hydrogel between two 200 nm gold films enables the MIM structure produced to become highly sensitive to changes in thickness and refractive index of the insulating layer. Thus, the hydrogel properties of the silk spacer, which can accommodate water molecules by up to 60% in volume, increases sensitivity to analytes. Sensitivity is dependent on the refractive index and swelling ratio of the silk hydrogel. The silk polymer chains can also act as fluidic channels that facilitate flow of analytes in water, through a nano-sized layer, making silk plasmonic structures suitable for glucose sensor applications [162].
A wearable strain sensor was fabricated by carbonizing pristine silk georgette through high temperature treatment, followed by encapsulation in poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS), an elastic polymer. This has shown promising potential for applications in monitoring a wide range of motion based human activities [163]. Silk based wearable sensors utilizes the principle of transformation of silk fibroin through thermal treatment, into an electrically-conductive graphite nano-carbon [164]. Transparent and flexible silk nanofiber-derived carbon membranes have also been fabricated for multifunctional electronic skin with human physiological signal monitoring capabilities [165, 166]. Silk based self-powered pressure sensor films for use in wearable devices have also been fabricated through synthesis of silk and poly-vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene [167]. In order to provide a strong interface between a biological surface and a sensor for epidermal electronics, calcium modified silk fibroin has been fabricated and shown to have strong adhesive properties with good stretchability, conductivity and reusability. Therefore calcium modified silk fibroin shows the potential to be applied as an adhesive for epidermal biomedical sensors [168].
Another promising application of silk is in the coating of otherwise non biocompatible optical fibers for bio-sensing inside the human body. Silica exposed core fiber are reported to have been coated with a thin layer of silk and thereafter, doped with fluorophore 5,6-carboxynapthofluorescein (CNF). The doped-silk layer was found to produce fluorescent signals that are coupled into the core of Silica exposed core fiber, allows for remote measurement of pH along the fiber length, when used in mice [169].
Silk fiber from different varieties has largely been used beyond the traditional textile scope. The widest and earlier use has been noted in biomedical use, especially as sutures, and protective wear due to the enviable properties highlighted for each function. The traditional classification of silk was tagged to luxury. Beyond this, research has been expounded on the functionality of silk. The various forms, including regeneration into nanofibers, nanofilms and nanomembranes provide surfaces for novel functionalization when processed with specific agents. Collagen has been reported the most as a functional material added to silk for, especially biomedical applications. Optics and sensing, present a unique and promising future for functional silk— especially in e-textiles and bio-sensing. However, it is also important to underscore that at different stages of regeneration, the silk structure seems to get altered; especially the loss of considerable strength resulting from altered crystallinity and re-orientation of β-sheets of silk fibroin. Owing to the low proportion of silk production on the market compared to cotton, and synthetic fibers, it is important to explore the annual global demand of silk in regard to future needs for silk in functional textiles. It is also important to explore statistics, on silk processed through novel methods like electrospinning, with respect to commercial viability. For instance, it is often required to strictly control biomaterial properties during processing, owing to the complexity of biomaterial molecules. Of important focus is the standardization of process/manufacturing parameters and equipment in the attempt to commercialize silk functional products. However, with increasing demand for more environmentally sustainable materials and products, more bio-based sectors and economies will emerge; hence, an increased uptake of natural biomaterials such as silk, in higher technology application needs.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
2.Common manufacturing processes for silk-based functional products
3.Silk in biomedical textiles
4.Silk in protective clothing
5.Silk in optics and sensing
Edison Omollo Oduor, Lucy Wanjiru Ciera and Edwin Kamalha (December 22nd 2021). Applications of Silk in Biomedical and Healthcare Textiles, Textiles for Functional Applications, Bipin Kumar, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.96644. Available from:
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Application Technologies for Functional Finishing of Textile Materials
By Zeynep Omerogullari Basyigit
Textiles for Advanced ApplicationsEdited by Bipin Kumar
Textiles for Advanced Applications
Textile Application: From Need to Imagination
By Ivana Schwarz and Stana Kovačević


They had, uh, anything else to do.
Celebrity moms to the rescue!
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This tweet deserves a medal.
He doesn't need a medal to be the Internet's favorite.
Adam Rippon and Mirai Nagasu are #TeamReese.


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Well yes I agree they are great damage and stats for a new player, just mentioning their purpose as per SE is just another lore/theme based character progression time sink, based around magical stats.
Question! Has anyone tried or been able to make jinpu work on apex mobs for faster kills or is that just a Sam thing?
Ninja doesn't need to stoop to such pathetically low weapon skill, when Blade Chi/To/Teki effectively do the same thing. Might need to dig up the past 20+ pages to find the discussions, but it's the NIN equal to Tachi: Jinpu for Ninja.
Anyways, if the true goal is "faster kills" for apex, I think the consistency Shun > Ten > Kamu > Shun > Shun > (Futae) Raiton is much better. You should be able to kill any Apex monster with this chain, without the need for frailty/malaise from a geo to make Blade hybrids effective.
Wait i dont get it Buukki. Are you telling me that Nin can do 5 step Radiance (also not every nin has aeonic btw :P) without COR? Or it is with COR? But damn, is nin ws so low damage that you can actually pull off 5 step Radiance on Apex and mob is still alive for magic burst?
First, I never mentioned Radiance once in my post. Shun > Ten > Kamu > Shun > Shun without an aeonic just makes double light, so any ninja can do this. I know because I actually did this before I got mine. You also do not need a corsair (more on this later), but your trust choices do matter. I use Sylvie (who gives indi haste) and Koru for Haste 2, so that generally caps me out.
Secondly, NIN ws without buffs (i.e. when solo vs apex) is extremely weak, even those 3 Shuns won't break over 15k each. It's the incremental built up SC damage that really packs on the damage. You probably won't kill an Apex bat in one chain if you do not have Aeonic, and sometimes you won't even with it. Again, I've done it for over half of my CP points on Ninja, since I soloed them during my off days.
Its Gravitation > Fragmentation > Light > Light (2), which generally not be enough to kill an Apex Bat. Futae (or not) Nuke Raiton will kill the Bat, and you should be able to chain fairly easily if you can maintain haste. Especially when Sange is up.
Back to Corsair: You use Qultada, who will give you Fighter's roll if you don't put up Experience Points icon. This, with the right gear, should bridge the gap between having enough haste + MA to multi-step light. Even if you can't hit that last Shun, you can still burst off of it if you're prepared. But you can scrap that last MB if you don't care to gear for that, and just replace Qultada with Shantotto II, who will pump out 5-8k magic bursts in between about 3-5 times per chain. That extra ~40k damage is about the same as your MB Futae nuke, so you can do it either way.
Re: hybrid WS (Chi/Teki/To, or Jinpu), you won't get very good results on those without Aeonic anyway. Aeonic TP Bonus is a huge part of what makes hybrids useful, so it's likely that using standard physical WS will be better performance when not using Heishi.
Shun > Hi > Metsu or Kamu > Shun is another good one for a 4-step.
Shun > Ten > Kamu > Shun > Shun without an aeonic just makes double light, so any ninja can do this. I know because I actually did this before I got mine.
What are you talking about? Shun without Aeonic Aftermath is Fusion/Impaction only. How could you make double Light using a WS with no Light property?
It still makes single Light only, but it can't be helped without Aeonic.
Unfortunately, katana are very limited if we want to multistep and finish with double Light/Darkness: we're dependant of Aeonic to make double Light and we have to use Retsu to make Distortion in order to finish with double Darkness (Ku > Retsu > Ten/Hi > Metsu/Hi). But hey, we're using lolKamu to make Light, right?
First, I never mentioned Radiance once in my post. Shun > Ten > Kamu > Shun > Shun without an aeonic just makes double light, (...) I've done it for over half of my CP points on Ninja, since I soloed them during my off days.
Now correct me if I'm wrong, but the Shun set here seems to focus on literally nothing but multi-hit. Being a 5 hit, a triple attack proc won't make up for nearly as much as we're lacking in attack here no? NONE of the main 5 slots have attack cept the body, all have ACC and multi-hit. Unless I'm missing something, the 35 DEX on legs wouldn't win vs say a 10 DEX (or STR) 30 ATT/ACC 3% TA Herc legs would it? I don't know all the math required here but it just seems... off to me. If it's truly BiS I'll leave it be, I just feel we're leaning a little heavy into the dex mod and multi hit. Especially since the TP bonus from this is literally adding more attack in such high quantities. Or maybe this is assuming attack capped thru buffs? Like I said idk how all the math here works for this but I'd love some insight.
I'd also like to know the WS hierarchy in the best situations just because. Like if everything was buffed as much as possible, what does the most damage and what does the least. I know NIN isn't a powerhouse but I'm curious anyways.
all the sets disregard accuracy and attack and assume you're capped.
You will probably get the most raw damage out of ten w/ heishi.
Frankly, Kamu is so bad I wouldn't waste my time making a set for it.
If you really want to make one, I suggest you to focus on multihits instead of WSD. As Kamu's fTP is only 1.0 (for all hits), it's not wise to make only the first hit stronger. However every extra attack that procs will get you an extra 1.0 fTP (and you get 2 attacks minimum - and 2 chances of proccing multihits - because dual-wield). Also, don't use Moonshade because Kamu's damage doesn't scale with TP.
Hmmm, looking this way, maybe it isn't a waste of time making a set for Kamu after all, especially with a R15 Nagi.
"it's estimated that its (Kamu's) modifiers are (now) Attack +125% and (enemy's) Defense -25%".
So, we're talking now about a WS that, with R15 Nagi, has the equivalent of 1.495 fTP per hit, 2 hits minimum (because DW), 2 chances of multihit proccing, STR 60% INT 60% WSC modifiers, Attack + 125% (or *2.25) and ignores 25% of enemies' Defense. What that means for Nagi on very low buff situations?
iirc, dual wield swings can't multi attack during weapon skills.
So you're looking at like, a 3.25 swing average. 5.2325ish fTP with Nagi. Can occasionally spike to 7.475.
It depends. Multihits can proc twice on a WS, however only in natural hits (that is, not on other multihit procs). DW gives one extra natural hit per round so I assume that it can proc a MH in a single-hit WS. It's easy to test it though, but boring.
Shun exists, so the low ratio niche is already filled for most practical situations.
I'm talking about Nagi especifically. And Kamu and Shun work together for Light skillchains.
I actually can't find the line you quoted, but it looks to me like they're saying it has a 3.0 attack modifier. That's potent, but the fTP is still pretty damn low.
It's a footnote: "補正値は攻+125%、防御-25%ではないかと推測されている。" Yeah, the fTP is pretty low, but assuming R15 Nagi, it has WSD +49.5% (equivalent to fTP 1.495 per hit, as Kamu's fTP is 1.0). And Kamu should be geared for multihits. DW gives one extra hit (as I assume), making it "2.99 fTP" and adding an extra chance of MH proccing. Assuming 2 DA or 1 TA procs, that's already "5.98 fTP". And Nagi is a Mythic, AM3 will help on this.
EDIT: omg Kyte, you deleted your post!
I decided I wanted to see how well it spreadsheeted before commenting. It does not appear to do well outside of situations that I don't think are very practical.
This is based on my experience back in the 75 days but I'm pretty sure it's one DA or TA proc per weapon swing, so DW allows for two chances at DA or TA per WS.
Ah, I hadn't considered that.
A pity, but that was already expected.
Derp, ya I see that now- that does work itself out to the 3.0 attack modifier mentioned further up before considering other debuffs.
I think if I happened to have one sitting in my inventory, I probably would utilize it (and Kamu) for the Dullahan Ambuscade. That's probably about it.
And all joking aside, supposing you are gonna use Nagi for whatever the reason may be, you will still want to use Kamu somewhat regularly if only to put up Mythic AM. Doesn't hurt to be prepared for SC purposes either.
Who gives a ***about Kamu dps when you get a free raise?!?!?!
Listen~ ya just plop it in your lua file so it procs every time!


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Redskins position analysis: LB
1779dJohn Keim
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From Brady's Nightmare to Dallas Sucks, the best NFL-themed beers
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Report: Peterson ordered to pay back $2.4M
Redskins WR Josh Doctson: 'I think I'm hitting free agency next year'
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John KeimESPN Staff Writer
Covered the Redskins for the Washington Examiner and other media outlets since 1994
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Continuing my look at the Redskins' 53-man roster, taking a look at each position group. This time: the linebackers.
Who they have: Brian Orakpo, Ryan Kerrigan, Keenan Robinson, Perry Riley, Will Compton, Akeem Jordan, Adam Hayward, Gabe Miller, Trent Murphy
Newcomers: Jordan, Hayward, Miller, Murphy
Who they lost: Rob Jackson, London Fletcher, Nick Barnett, Brandon Jenkins
Where they're better: They have more speed with Robinson in the lineup. It was noticeable this summer what sort of difference that made and it enables the Redskins to do different things in terms of blitzes and coverages. Robinson can take away certain routes with his size and speed. They also should be improved at outside linebacker when it comes to rushing the passer. Position coach Brian Baker worked with them on rush techniques more than anyone else has in a long time. That should help Orakpo and Kerrigan in particular. Those two are also helped by the presence of Jason Hatcher. Also, Murphy can rush and occasionally drop as well, though the latter is not a strength. But he provides a solid rush, especially when slanting inside. He's a better overall linebacker than Jackson was and a stronger athlete so there's better insurance should something happen to one of the starters. It also helps the inside linebackers that Kirk Olivadotti is in charge. Makes a big difference; Olivadotti is good at teaching techniques.
Where they're worse: They lost Fletcher's wisdom, though Robinson's speed compensates. But Fletcher was a respected voice in the locker room and on the field and there's no one at linebacker who really fills that void. Orakpo is a passionate guy, but his role will be about the same. Their depth was hurt when Darryl Sharpton was placed on injured reserve.
Overall: Robinson's improvement will go a long way in determining the defensive success. He looked solid against the run this preseason, making smart reads and understanding where his help was. If he continues to play that well during the season the defense has a chance to be solid. It's not all on him, but if he can be a consistent tackler, eliminate routes in the pass game, then it'll be an improvement as Fletcher's game was not the same last season. I do think Orakpo and Kerrigan have been set up to have good seasons: better coaching, more aggressive scheme. But just know that in a 3-4, you can't rush both outside linebackers all the time. Not when they're in their base front. Still, they have more flexibility and freedom to apply pressure.