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Die Skagen-Maler () bildeten  im Fischerort Skagen Dänemarks bekannteste Künstlerkolonie, die ihre Blütezeit in den 1880er Jahren erlebte. Die Künstler aus Dänemark, Norwegen und Schweden suchten Arbeitsbedingungen und Ausdrucksformen, die einen Bruch mit der akademischen Kunstauffassung bedeuteten. Ihre Kunst sollte realistischer, "wahrer" sein als früher. Sie schätzten die Freiluftmalerei und orientierten sich am französischen Realismus und Naturalismus.

Skagens Natur bot ihnen völlig neue Motive. Statt wogender Weizenfelder, lieblicher Seen und majestätischer Buchenwälder, die die nationalromantische Schule zu einem Sinnbild dänischer Identität gemacht hatte, rückten nun karge Heideflächen, Dünen und stürmische Strandszenen ins Blickfeld. Die geografische Lage Skagens, hoch im Norden und umgeben vom Meer, sorgte in den Sommermonaten für ein besonderes Licht. Die Skagen-Maler schilderten das harte Leben der örtlichen Bevölkerung, der Fischer und Kleinbauern.

Das sommerliche Beisammensein der Künstler förderte die gegenseitige Inspiration, den Austausch, Freundschaften und einen gesunden Wettstreit. Ein formales Programm stellte die Gruppe allerdings nie auf. Einige Maler näherten sich dem Impressionismus an. Auf der Pariser Weltausstellung 1889 ernteten die Arbeiten aus Skagen internationale Anerkennung. Bereits in den 1890er Jahren geriet die Skagener Kunstauffassung jedoch in die Defensive, der Symbolismus forderte "seelische Tiefe" ein, Phantastisches, Unerklärliches. In den 1930er Jahren verebbte der Einfluss Skagens auf die Malerei.

Anfänge
Von Künstlern wurde Skagen bereits in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts aufgesucht. Steen Steensen Blicher (1839) und Hans Christian Andersen (1859) entdeckten den Ort literarisch. Der norwegischstämmige Maler Martinus Rørbye (1803–1848) kam hierher und zeigte 1834 eine erste Strandstudie in Kopenhagens Kunsthalle Charlottenborg. Erst 1847 sollte er nach Skagen zurückkehren. In den folgenden Jahren betätigten sich vor allem Marinemaler am Ort, sie blieben nur kurz, ohne sich fester an Skagen zu binden. Dass vor 1877 nur wenige Künstler nach Skagen kamen, lag auch an der schlechten Erreichbarkeit. 1871 wurde das 50 km entfernte Frederikshavn an das Eisenbahnnetz angeschlossen, Skagen hatte keinen Hafen, Besucher mussten mit kleinen Booten an Land gebracht werden.

Blüte und Niedergang
1874 kam der Bornholmer Michael Ancher, damals Schüler an der Kopenhagener Kunstakademie, auf Einladung von Karl Madsen (1855–1938) nach Skagen. Michael Ancher fand nicht nur die Motive, die er gesucht hatte, sondern verliebte sich auch in die Tochter seiner Gastwirte, Anna Brøndum. 1875 kehrten Madsen und Ancher in Begleitung von Viggo Johansen nach Skagen zurück. Alle drei verlobten sich: Michael mit Anna, Karl und Viggo mit zwei ihrer Cousinen. Auch Anna Ancher ließ sich zur Malerin ausbilden und wurde als gleichwertige Kollegin in der Männerrunde anerkannt.

Den Sammelpunkt der Künstlerkolonie bildete Brøndums Hotel im Ortsteil Østerby. Ane und Erik Brøndum betrieben den Gasthof mit Kaufmannsladen und Schankstube seit 1859. 1879 hatte sich Michael Ancher fest in Skagen niedergelassen, Karl Madsen kehrte stark beeindruckt aus dem französischen Barbizon zurück. Zu ihnen gesellten sich Christian Krohg, Frits Thaulow, Wilhelm von Gegerfelt, Holger Drachmann und der deutsche Landschaftsmaler Julius Runge (1843–1922).

1882 stieß  Peder Severin Krøyer dazu, der die Künstlergruppe international berühmt machen sollte. Oscar Björck kam ebenfalls 1882. Das folgende Jahr 1883 wurde zum Kulminationspunkt der Künstlergemeinschaft, die in zahlreichen Bildern verewigt worden sind. Arbeiten wie Krøyers Hip, Hip, Hurra! (1884/88) und Michael Anchers Eine Kindertaufe (1883/88) hatten eine Entstehungszeit von mehreren Jahren, weil die porträtierten Freunde nur wenig Gelegenheit zum Modellsitzen hatten. 1884 war im Künstlerkreis auch der Kieler Marinemaler Fritz Stoltenberg zu finden.

In den 1890er Jahren nahm die Intimität des Freundeskreises ab, während Skagen von der Kopenhagener Gesellschaft, sogar der königlichen Familie, als Urlaubsort angenommen wurde. Der Fischerort veränderte sein Gesicht. In dieser Periode entstanden Krøyers Bilder, die heute – hunderttausendfach reproduziert – zu Ikonen der Skagen-Malerei geworden sind. 1895 bezog er mit seiner Frau Marie die alte Stadtvogt-Wohnung (heute Sitz von Naturstyrelsen Vendsyssel), doch die Ehe geriet zusehends in eine Krise. Peder Severin kämpfte ab 1900 gegen eine Psychose, Marie ließ sich 1905 scheiden und lebte mit dem schwedischen Komponisten Hugo Alfvén zusammen.

Künstler

Vorläufer
 Martinus Rørbye (1803–1848)
 Peter Raadsig (1806–1882)
 Anton Melbye (1818–1875)
 Vilhelm Melbye (1824–1882)
 Carl Neumann (1833–1891)
 Christian Blache (1838–1920)
 Christian Skredsvig (1854–1924)
 Oscar Herschend (1853–1891)

Die eigentlichen Skagen-Maler
 Thorvald Niss (1842–1905)
 Holger Drachmann (1846–1908)
 Frits Thaulow (1847–1906)
 Michael Ancher (1849–1927)
 P. S. Krøyer (1851–1909)
 Carl Locher (1851–1915)
 Viggo Johansen (1851–1935)
 Christian Krohg (1852–1925)
 Eilif Peterssen (1852–1928)
 Ioannis Altamouras (1852–1878)
 Laurits Tuxen (1853–1927)
 Karl Madsen (1855–1938)
 Marianne Stokes (1855–1927)
 Johan Krouthén (1858–1932)
 Anna Ancher (1859–1935)
 Oscar Björck (1860–1929)
 Marie Krøyer (1867–1940)

Der Nachwuchs
 Julius Paulsen (1860–1940)
 Aksel Jørgensen (1883–1957)
 Jens Ferdinand Willumsen (1863–1958)
 Jens Vige (1864–1912)
 Gad Frederik Clement (1867–1933)
 Johannes Wilhjelm (1868–1938)
 Tupsy Clement (1871–1959)
 Einar Hein (1875–1931)
 Ludvig Karsten (1876–1926)
 William Stuhr (1882–1958)
 Helga Ancher (1883–1964)

Spätere Maler in Skagen
 Walter Schwartz (1889–1958)
 Victor Haagen-Müller (1894–1959)

Museen

Skagens Museum
Skagens Museum wurde am 20. Oktober 1908 in Brøndums Speisesaal gegründet. Im Gründungsvorstand saßen der Apotheker Victor Christian Klæbel, Degn Brøndum (Anna Anchers Bruder) und die Maler Michael Ancher, P. S. Krøyer und Laurits Tuxen. Es sollten Kunstwerke der Skagen-Maler zusammengetragen und Spenden gesammelt werden, um ein Ausstellungsgebäude zu errichten. Drei Sommer lang stellten die Maler in Skagens Technikum aus, nach P. S. Krøyers Tod 1909 in dessen Haus im Skagener Wald. 1919 schenkte Degn Brøndum dem Museum seinen Hotelgarten, so dass 1926 nach Plänen des Architekten Ulrik Plesner ein Museum gebaut werden konnte. Neben Brøndum beteiligten sich Laurits Tuxen und die Stiftung Ny Carlsbergfondet finanziell. Am 22. September 1928 eröffnete die Ausstellung. Die Sammlung umfasste bereits über 300 Werke.

Das Museum wurde seitdem mehrfach erweitert, zuletzt 2014/15. Die Sammlung birgt heute über 1.900 Kunstwerke.

Michael & Anna Anchers Hus
Das Künstlerpaar erwarb das Haus im Jahr 1884. 1913 ließen sie von Ulrik Plesner ein Atelier anbauen. Die Tochter und Malerin Helga Ancher überführte das Anwesen 1964 testamentarisch in eine Stiftung. Das Haus mit Gemälden und komplett erhaltenem Interieur wurde restauriert und 1967 als Museum eröffnet. Der Nachbarhof der Familie Saxild wurde hinzugekauft und für Ausstellungen umgebaut.

Drachmanns Hus (Villa Pax)
Drachmanns Hus wurde im Jahr 1828 vom Schullehrer Laurits Høm von der Vesterby-Schule gebaut. Es befindet sich im Hans Baghs Vej im Stadtteil Vesterby in Skagen.
Im Jahr 1902 ließ sich der weitgereiste Holger Drachmann in Skagen nieder und kaufte das Haus nahe am Skagener Wald. Er baute das Fachwerkhaus in ein Wohnhaus um und erweiterte es um einen großen Atelierraum. Er taufte es Pax. Nach fast 30 Jahren als Dichter wandte sich Drachmann wieder der Malerei zu. Nach Drachmanns Tod im Januar 1908 wurde das Haus bis 1909 an den Komponisten Hakon Børresen (1876–1954) vermietet. Drachmanns dritte Ehefrau Soffi Lasson (1873–1917) verkaufte das Haus im Jahr 1910 an ein Komitee von Drachmann-Freunden ().
Ab 1909 arbeitete Aksel Jørgensen an der Illustration zu Holger Drachmanns Leben und Poesie. Dazu fertigte er eine große Werkserie Ölgemälde an, welche verschiedene Stationen in Drachmanns Leben zeigen. 1914  schloss er die Arbeiten ab. Die Werke sind noch heute teilweise in Drachmanns Hus und im Skagens Museum zu sehen. Seit 1911 sind im Drachmanns Hus Möbel, Gemälde und Skizzen aus der Zeit, als Holger Drachmann im Haus wohnte, für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Das Museum ist sechs bis sieben Monate im Jahr geöffnet.

Den Hirschsprungske Samling
Die Sammlung Hirschsprung in Kopenhagen wurde 1911 als Dokumentationszentrum für die dänische Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts gegründet. Neben wertvollen Gemälden verfügt sie über zahlreiche Studien und Skizzen von Skagen-Malern und einen umfangreichen Briefwechsel mit P. S. Krøyer.

Literatur
 Elisabeth Fabritius: Das Dänemark der Künstlerkolonien. Die Skagen-Maler, die fünischen Maler, die Bornholmer Maler, die Odsherred-Maler. Kunstnerkoloniernes Danmark, o. O. 2007, ISBN 978-87-88686-42-5. S. 11–47.
 Knud Voss: Maler des Lichts. Nordische Kunst auf Skagen. Kunstverlag, Weingarten 1987, ISBN 3-8170-2011-2.

Weblinks

 Skagens Museum (deutsch, dänisch)
 skagensmalerne.dk Website mit zahlreichen Illustrationen
 Skagens Museum – Porträtgalerie bei Google Cultural Institute (englisch)
 Drachmanns hus Offizielle Homepage (deutsch, englisch, dänisch)

Einzelnachweise

SkagenMaler
Skagen
Malerei (Dänemark)
Organisation (Frederikshavn Kommune)

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Q: What does it mean to eliminate $\theta$ from these equations? How should I do it?
Eliminate $\theta$ from the following pairs of equations:
A) $x=\sin \theta$, $y=\sin 2\theta$
B) $x=3\cos 2\theta +1$, $y=2\sin \theta$

My problem is I really don't understand what the question is asking? The answer in the book seems like it is asking me to put everything in terms of $x$ and $y$? And if it is, how do I go about that?
Thank you!
EDIT: My attempt:
$$y = 2\sin \theta \cos \theta $$
$${y \over {2\sin \theta }} = \cos \theta $$
so as $$x = \sin \theta $$
$$\cos \theta  = {y \over {2x}}$$
what do i do from here?

A: You've done the hard part. Of A):

$$
\begin{align}
\sin\theta & = x \\ \\
\cos\theta  & = {\frac y{2x}}
\end{align}$$

This is where the Pythagorean Identity (as you call it) comes in very handy, indeed:
$$\quad\quad\quad\sin^2(\theta) + \cos^2(\theta) = 1$$
$$\iff \left(\sin\theta \right)^2 + \left(\cos\theta \right)^2 = 1$$
$$x^2 + \left(\dfrac{y}{2x}\right)^2 = 1$$
Then just simplify!

Part B:

$$x = 3 \cos 2\theta, \quad x = 2\sin \theta$$

$$x = 3(1-2\sin^2\theta) \tag{$\cos(2\theta) = 1 - 2\sin^2\theta$}$$
$$x= \frac 32(2 - (1 - \cos^2\theta)) \tag{$\sin^2\theta = 1 - \cos^2 \theta$}$$
$$x = \frac 32 (\cos^2 \theta + 1) \iff \frac 23 x - 1 = \cos^2\theta$$
$$ $$
$$ y = 2 \sin \theta \iff \sin \theta = y/2$$
$$ $$
$$\sin^2 \theta + \cos ^2 \theta = 1\tag{Pythagorean identity again}$$
$$\left(\frac y2\right)^2 + \left(\frac 23 x - 1\right) = 1$$
Simplify.

A: A) $y = \sin 2\theta$, $y = 2\sin\theta\cos\theta$, $y = 2x\sqrt{1-x^2}$
B) Similarly you will find the answer as $3-3y^2+1$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Category Archives: angry birds go
Angry Birds Go Tips and Cheats
Angry Birds Go! adopts the perfect genre for its large collection of cute angry birds and sacrificial pigs. This mobile kart racer also marks the first time fans get to see the Angry Birds franchise move into a fully realized 3D world. There's plenty of tracks, karts, birds, pigs and cool special powers that makes up the bulk of this new mobile racing game. We want to make sure you know the best approaches you need to make when taking on the open road with your favorite animal avatar/kart. Here's all the top 10 tips/tricks/cheats you need to know for Angry Birds Go! Angry Birds Go Tips Tricks Watch Now Sign up for Heavy's daily email and never miss out on our popular stories.
1. Upgrade Your Handling and Acceleration The Most Angry Birds Go Tips Tricks Making the best karts possible means you have to throw some upgrading time into four separate slots – Top Speed, Acceleration, Handling and Strength. Your Top Speed and Strength attributes are surely worth investing in, since your top speed means you'll max out at a much faster speed. Plus, your strength makes your weapons a lot more effective. But you'll be spending the majority of your time racing, so it's much smarter to upgrade you handling and acceleration the most. Your handling will make your ride easier to control and your improved acceleration means your ride will have a much easier time getting to a manageable speed.
2. If You're Gonna Buy One Power-Up, Then Buy The Double Coins Perk Angry Birds Go Cheats Racing all over those tracks and collecting coins as you go along them is a viable method towards better upgrades. If you're truly looking to speed up your kart upgrading work, then spend some real dough on the Double Coins perk. It goes for about seven bucks, so it's worth paying for it since you'll cop a healthy amount of coins on your next run. More coins, more upgrades, better rides. Simple!
3. The Basics of The Slingshot Angry Birds Go Tips Modojo.com explained the purpose of the slingshot: Before a race begins, you have the opportunity to pull back on your character and then launch him or her onto the track. The best time to do this is when the timer reaches the number one (three, two, one, go!), right before the announcer screams "go!" Do it too early, and your character will spin out and get off to a bad start.
4. The Best Powerup to Use During A Vs. Race When you're competing in a Vs. race, you'll get access to three power up's – the State Farm Kart Repair, the Goldfish Boost and the Slingshot King Sling. The best powerup you'll need to take advantage of is the sponsored State Farm Kart Repair powerup, since it fixes your ride right up for nothing at all during a race. Check out the video above to see how useful how great this powerup is.
5. How Do I Unlock the Jenga's Pirate Pig Attack Mode? Angry Birds Go Tips There's actually a secret minigame you can unlock by either paying two bucks for it. But if you have that sweet Angry Birds Jenga Toy Set (Pirate Pig Attack), then check and see if you have the secret code that comes with it. That special code is the code you have to enter into the selection screen. You do this by tapping on the "Jenga" button below the selection screen after you begin the game.
6. Here's What Slows Down Your Handling; Take Advantage of Any Potential Spin Out's Angry Birds Go Tips WriterParty.com provided some tips on handling the right way and making the most of any spin out accidents you might experience: With regards to handling, the two things that will slow you down the most are hitting walls and hitting other racers; however, it's possible to spin out other racers if you hit them right, making it very difficult for them to catch up with you. Especially try to spin out another racer when it's a close race.
7. The Basics Towards Upgrading Your CC Angry Birds Go Tips WriterParty.com also noted the best methods towards increasing one's CC level: Your CC goes up on your kart depending on the upgrades you buy. Every single upgrade increases CC, so if you haven't unlocked something yet due to not enough CC, simply keep working on upgrading everything to the maximum level.
8. Pick Up Some Gems By Beating Special Events Remember those Champion Chase events we mentioned earlier? Successfully completing them rewards you with a nice payout of some gems. The other way you can collect these gems is by picking them up along each track that your race on. There's the option to purchase them with some real world money, but we're sure you've spent enough money on those Double Coins perks. Just get your gems the old fashioned way.
9. The Two Methods That You Need to Know About Unlocking New Characters Angry Birds Go Tips There are two ways you can hit the track with some new characters. You can do it the old fashioned way (by video game terms, anyway) by beating those top tier racers in the Champion Chase events. If you have a great collection of Telepod Angry Bird figures laying around, then go ahead and transport those birds/pigs into your game. Easy enough, right?
10. Wait It Out For 20 Minutes If You Want to Keep Using Your Favorite Characters Angry Birds Go Tips Tricks Each character you race with in the game eventually run low on energy and falls asleep. From this point, you can either choose to race with another character or spend some gems towards getting your tired racer back to full energy. If you're patient enough, then go ahead and chill for about 20+ minutes. Come back and your favorite character will be back to normal strength.
11.There are two ways unlock characters: buying Telepods figures witch you're able to place these toys on the device's camera to beam these heroes and villains into the game or beating characters in special Champion Chase events.
Before a race begins, you have the opportunity to pull back on your character and then launch him or her onto the track. The best time to do this is when the timer reaches the number one (three, two, one, go!), right before the announcer screams "go!" Do it too early, and your character will spin out and get off to a bad start.
Since characters eventually run out of energy and go to sleep to continue playing, you can select a different character, or recharge the current one with 10 gems.
During a race, wait until the lightning bolt icon (right side of the screen) fills up and then tap it to activate your character's special ability.
12. More FAQs Cheats
How do I upgrade karts in Angry Birds Go!?
To transform karts into efficient speed machines, you'll need to make upgrades across the following four categories: Top Speed, Acceleration, Handling and Strength. To do this, simply tap the plus (+) symbol next to the desired attribute to bring up the in-game price, then tap again to make the upgrade. Keep in mind you'll need the necessary amount of gold coins.
How do I get more gold coins in Angry Birds Go!?
Racing, and lots of it. Simply drive through gold coins to collect them. If you want to spend some cash, you can earn Double Coins forever, but it'll cost you $6.99. You can also purchase more coins with gems.
How do I unlock characters in Angry Birds Go!?
There are two ways, really. The first involves buying Telepods figures. From there, you're able to place these toys on the device's camera to beam these heroes and villains into the game. The second involves beating characters in special Champion Chase events.
How does the slingshot work in Angry Birds Go!?
How do I get gems in Angry Birds Go!?
Rovio will award you gems for beating Champion Chase events. You'll also find a couple spread along the tracks during races. The easiest way to get a ton, though, involves spending money to buy more, and the publisher sells gems in various quantities. You can also spend gems to buy gold coins. Yes, we know it's a shameless cycle.
How do I recharge characters in Angry Birds Go!?
Characters eventually run out of energy and go to sleep in Angry Birds Go! To continue playing, you can select a different character, or recharge the current one with 10 gems. Finally, you can wait until the recharge time is up, which means putting the game down for at least 23 minutes.
How do I improve my kart's CC in Angry Birds Go!?
There will be times when you'll be unable to compete in certain events because your kart's CC is too low. Simply make upgrades to raise it.
How do I change characters and karts in Angry Birds Go!?
While at the upgrade screen, look for the kart and Angry Birds icons on the bottom. Click one to go to the desired area.
How do I use powers in Angry Birds Go!?
During a race, wait until the lightning bolt icon (right side of the screen) fills up and then tap it to activate your character's special ability. Under normal circumstances, you only have one per race, but you can buy up to three for three gems each. Pretty costly, eh?
This entry was posted in angry birds go and tagged angry birds go, angry birds go cheats, angry birds go guide, angry birds go hacks, angry birds go levels, angry birds go tips, angry birds go tricks, angry birds go walkthrough on December 17, 2013 by admin.
Angry Birds Go Walkthrough, Guide, Cheats, Tips , Hacks and Secrets
Game Introduction – Angry Birds Go!
Angry Birds Go! is a kart racing game created by Rovio. Angry Birds Go! challenges players to participate in a variety of races across a selection of wacky courses. Victory brings in coins that can be used to upgrade your karts, as well as unlock new racers for your team. Our quick start strategy guide will provide you with detailed images, tips, information, and hints on how to race with your feathered friends.
Angry Birds Go!
Angry Birds Go! is free to play. You can download it by using the "Available On" option at the top of this page.
When you start up Angry Birds Go! for the first time, you'll be asked if you want to turn on push notifications. You can change this setting at any time.
A quick race ensues, which teaches you the game's controls, power-ups, and other features.
Once you understand the basics, you begin to race for real.
Objective – The objective of Angry Birds Go! is, simply, to win as many races as possible. Winning races brings rewards like money, which can be used to upgrade your kart, or unlock new racers for your team. Each course has different conditions for victory, so make sure to pay attention to them before engaging in a race.
Options – To access the options in Angry Birds Go!, tap on the pause button on the upper right-hand side of the screen whenever you're engaged in a race. From here, you can adjust the sound levels, choose between tilt and touch controls, restart the race, or return to the title screen.
Sponsored Power-Ups – Angry Birds Go! offers some sponsored power-ups at the start of most races, including a speed booster courtesy of Goldfish Crackers, and a State Farm policy that protects your kart against any wear-and-tear it might experience on the track.
Get Driving
Select Your Kart – You're allowed to select one kart when you begin playing Angry Birds Go!. Additional karts can be bought through in-app purchases using real-world cash.
Tap or Tilt – You can control your kart either by tilting your mobile device, or by tapping on-screen arrows. You can switch between the two control schemes at any time on the options menu (hit the pause button during a race to access it).
Hit the Track – Each track you race on offers different set-ups and different challenges. You can race on a track more than one time, though the challenge becomes progressively difficult each time.
Win Coins and Gems – As you race, you garner coins and gems. Coins go back into upgrading your kart. Gems can be used to revitalize your tired racers, activate power-ups, and to buy more coins. Coins can also be bought through the in-game store for different sums of cash.
Upgrades – You can upgrade your kart's top speed, acceleration, handling, and strength (which determines how hardy it is). Upgrading your kart also increases its cc's ("cubic centimeters," a standard unit of measurement for determining go kart motor power).
You Need CC's – You can't take on certain challenges in Angry Birds Go! unless your kart is at a certain cc level. If you're too low, you need to upgrade.
Types of Races
Finish in the Top Three – A standard race against other opponents. If you don't finish within the top three, you lose.
Time Boom – A bomb with a long, lit fuse is displayed at the top of the screen. If you don't reach the finish line by the time the bomb goes off, you lose.
Fruit Splat – Drive into reams of juicy fruit. An indicator at the top of the screen illustrates how many fruits you need to drive through to succeed. Subsequent runs on these tracks require you to mow down more fruit.
Versus – A race against a computer-controlled opponent. You need to come in first to win. You can select "Easy," "Medium," or "Hard" difficulties. The harder the difficulty, the more reward money you'll earn for victory.
Champion Chase – Race against one of the iconic Angry Birds characters. If you win, you unlock them as a racer.
About Other Racers
Beat Them in Champion Chase – Beating an Angry Birds character in a Champion Chase race usually allows you to recruit them as a racer. They hang out in the tree until you call them up for a race.
Telepods – Telepods are Angry Birds-themed character/kart toys that are purchasable at most toy retailers. If you scan the QR code on a telepod, you can use that racer in-game.
Unique Special Abilities – Each bird has a special ability that might give them an edge in a race. You can use an ability once for free per race. After that, special abilities cost gems to use.
About Energy – When an Angry Birds Go! character enters a race, they expend a unit of energy. Each character has five units. When all five are gone, you need to use another racer; wait until the energy refills on its own, or spend gems to refill it instantly.
Replay Races – Expect to re-visit tracks over and over again in Angry Birds Go!. Doing so is necessary for collecting enough coins to upgrade your kart and improve your cc ranking. If you don't up the cc on your kart, you won't be able to participate in harder races.
Don't Jump the Gun (or Slingshot) – You begin each race by pulling your racer back on a slingshot. Don't release the slingshot until the announcer says "GO," or else you'll be penalized for a false start and spin out as soon as you hit the track.
Don't Be Shy About Using Special Abilities – Every racer has a special ability that you're allowed to use once for free per race. Don't hesitate to use these abilities. They can mean the difference between victory and defeat. Moreover, tracks are often short enough that using a special ability once at an opportune moment is sufficient for securing a win.

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Eugene Manlove Rhodes Room & Southwest Collection
The Rhodes room is named for the Western writer who loved the Tularosa Basin so intensely, he was able to write vivid prose about the region in a way that has inspired a generation. Rhodes' works continue to inspire writers today, particularly those working in the Western genre. Alamogordo and the surrounding area feature prominently in Rhodes' works.
The Eugene Manlove Rhodes Room houses the library's most treasured collections. The shelves are filled with local history books and papers, biographies of New Mexico's finest and most notorious citizens, and hundreds of volumes of celebrated New Mexico fiction.
Eugene Manlove Rhodes' Grave Site Tour
Rhodes' Grave Site Tour
Eugene Manlove Rhodes, arguably the architect of Southwestern fiction, is laid to rest in his favorite spot in the San Andres Mountain's canyon named for him. Rhodes, a writer by nature, lived and worked on ranches throughout the Jornada del Muerto and the Tularosa Basin. The San Andres range is the spine of the region and understandably his favorite place. The beautiful and unique panoramas inspired the location for the majority of Rhodes' work. Along with the colorful characters, usually based on real people, the vivid lyrical descriptions of the landscape are the hallmark of Rhodes' work.
Rhodes Canyon now lies in the heart of the White Sands Missile Range. While the US Army's acquisition of the rich ranch land of Southern New Mexico is somewhat controversial, the Rhodes grave site is located in one of the best protected stretches of land in the continental US. The Army protects its assets and experiments with voracity; the Rhodes grave site is no exception. Security measures taken to protect WSMR extend to protecting the hallowed ground of Rhodes' final resting place. The oryx, elk, and golden eagles are the area's only frequent trespassers.
According to NM Statue 21-8-27, New Mexico State University is the custodian of the grave of Eugene Manlove Rhodes, "and shall be and hereby is given all lawful authority to enter upon the lot and assume responsibility therefor." NMSU-Alamogordo fills the role of custodian by extension. NMSU-A facilitates an annual trek to Rhodes' grave, in cooperation with the White Sands Missile Range. By registering through NMSU-A Community Education, anyone is able to join the annual pilgrimage, usually made in October. The tour, much like the bi-annual caravan to the Trinity Site, is escorted by WSMR personnel and requires valid photo identification for participants along with proper registration and proof of insurance for vehicles.
The trek is long, but well worth the effort; the scenery is stunning. The guided tour is designed to give participants plenty of time to enjoy the beauty and serenity of the grave site area. Participants are encouraged to bring a folding chair, sack lunch, and camera. (Photography at the grave site is welcome, but not allowed anywhere along the journey through the missile range.) The tour will pause at the grave site for about an hour, giving trekkers plenty of time to relax and enjoy the surroundings. NMSU-A Professor Pete Eidenbach, the tour's de facto leader, will read from Rhodes' work and lead a discussion thereof. Rhodes' grave marker is nestled in a grove of juniper that offers shade and protection. The whole experience invites reflection and reverence for Rhodes, his work, and the inspirational landscape.
The tour is recommended to anyone with an interest in southern New Mexico history, literature, and geology.
Michael McGarrity Collection on Display
The Alamogordo Public Library is proud to display a permanent collection of Michael McGarrity's books. The books and papers in the display were generously donated by Dr. David Townsend. Along with signed copies of all of McGarrity's books, the display also features a unique typed manuscript of the first chapter of Hard Country. Mr. McGarrity read from this manuscript on a visit to the Alamogordo Public Library in October of 2011. He signed the manuscript and gifted it to Dr. Townsend, who donated it to the library in 2017.
McGarrity is one of New Mexico's favorite authors. His books, modern police procedurals and family history novels, are mostly set in Southern New Mexico. The American West trilogy, Hard Country, Backlands, and Last Ranch, is a fictionalized history of the Tularosa Basin and the people who settled the region. The books are impeccably researched and feature some recognizable historical figures. Anyone who has lived in or visited Otero County will find the books' settings enchanting and familiar.
All 16 of Michael McGarrity's books are available for check out from the public library. Books are available in multiple formats including large print and audio. Ask the reference librarian to help you find the right title and format for you. Mr. McGarrity's sixteenth book, Residue, featuring popular protagonist Kevin Kerney, was released October 30, 2018.
For Scholars & Historians
Rhodes Memorial Case collection bibliography (PDF)


for it may drown me in a sea of greed.
for it can sow the destruction seed.
for it can inflate and deflate me again.
think right, speak right and do right.
and win over passion with reason.
and the strength to endure hardship.
as the brave strive to survive.
and know that everything is transient.


Baked Cabbage- The bacon adds flavor while the browned butter adds it's own unique taste. It's absolutely delicious! This is a Baked Cabbage recipe you are going to LOVE.
Last summer we had a party on Gilberts Creek and one of our friends made a whole baked cabbage head. She cored the cabbage and took a slice off of the bottom of it to make it sit upright.
She filled the hole in the cabbage with butter, seasoned it with salt and pepper, wrapped it in foil and baked it. Because it was a whole head of cabbage and not cut into wedges it took well over two hours (more like 3) to bake through.
Paul loved the baked cabbage and wanted me to make it yesterday. It was 92 degrees here, just the thought of the oven being on for 3 hours without the air conditioning in yet was enough to send me into a hot flash.
After looking at many Baked Cabbage recipes I decided to use one from The Kitchn that I slightly modified. I set the oven to 450 degrees.
The reason Paul loved the whole baked cabbage head recipe from last summer was because of the butter. He loved the soft, baked cabbage and butter mixed together.
I melted a 1/4 cup of butter and let it brown. Browned butter has a very unique flavor that is delicious! You have to be careful when cooking it though, it can quickly go from browned to burnt. I drizzled the browned butter over the cabbage.
I placed foil over the baking pan for the first 30 minutes of cooking and took the foil off for the last 30 minutes or so until the cabbage was getting golden brown and tender.
OH YES! The bacon adds flavor while the browned butter adds it's own unique taste. It was absolutely delicious! This is a Baked Cabbage recipe you are absolutely going to LOVE. Enjoy!
Looking for more great vegetable recipes you can use from your garden, try these!
The bacon adds flavor while the browned butter adds it's own unique taste. It's absolutely delicious! This is a baked cabbage recipe your whole family will love.
Cut the cabbage head in half. Cut each half again, making four wedges. Cut each of the 4 wedges to make a total of 8 wedges. Cut the core from each wedge on an angle.
Place the wedges in a roasting pan. Salt and pepper the wedges, drizzle with a little bit of olive oil and lay the bacon pieces on the wedges.
Using a small saucepan over low heat, melt 1/4 cup of butter. Cook and stir until the butter turns brown (being careful not to over cook, it will burn quickly). Drizzle over cabbage.
Bake with the pan covered with foil for 30 minutes. Remove the foil, bake another 30 minutes or until cabbage is tender and starting to turn golden brown, serve immediately.
Check out these delicious cabbage recipes from other bloggers.
Tell Paul that baked cabbage is actually a bbq thing. It was popular on the competitive bbq circuit a few years back. No need to heat up the house.
Chris now that's a fantastic idea! Love it!! What did you put the cabbage in when you made it on the grill??
My hubby makes it on the grill.. We quarter it up and wrap in bacon salt and pepper wrap each quarter in foil and put on the grill till tender.
Do you know the exact recipe for the whole head baked cabbage?
in the flavors seem to work so well together.
Fantastic Judie, I didn't even think about cooking it in the crock pot!
It will not brown in a crock pot, nor will it have that "roasted" flavor. I have a turkey roaster that we use outdoors during the summer months when it's just too hot to have the oven going indoors. I hooked up the roaster to a plug-in on our back deck and set it on one of those foldable tables, but a card table will work, too. Just so the cord can reach the plug. This turkey roaster has been a dream come true because I've made pies, cakes, roasts, casseroles, baked potatoes – – you name it, we've cooked it in there. Oh, and yeah, I even roast a turkey in it occasionally!
Also, as an aside, do not use olive oil in the oven or with any heat at all. Olive oil is meant to be used as a salad dressing and not much more. It does not have a high smoke point so I would never cook with it. Actually, I don't even bother to buy olive oil because it is usually rancid from the time I first open the bottle because even the more expensive bottles from the grocery store are cut with cheap oils (a money-making ploy, to be sure). We use either real butter made from pasture-fed cow milk (raw usually) or I use coconut oil – or a mixture of the two. I have also recently started using some stuff from Nutiva (a shortening-like product which is also classified as a superfood). It works well for lots of things, but real butter lends the best flavor to all dishes.
Hope some of that info will be helpful to someone.
Thank you D. Smith! I'm gonna have to get me a turkey roaster buddy!!
Thank you so much Joan for coming back to tell me! You just made my day!
Made it just as you suggested in the oven. But, since my husband doesn't like. "Wiggly" bacon, when it was done I put the bacon under the broiler to crisp it up and broke pieces over it all. It was a hit!
LOL! I totally get the wiggly bacon thing! Thank you for coming back to tell me you made it, you just made my day!
I made this the first time according to the directions, and the browned butter turned totally black and burnt-tasting after all the high-heat roasting. The second time I made it, I waited to drizzle the browned butter over it after it came out of the oven, just before serving. It was delicious! That is the reason I only gave it 4 stars, because of the funky direction to add the browned butter before roasting.
I'm glad it worked for you your way Kimberly. That's all that matters. I didn't have a problem with the butter burning when I made it. But like I said, if it works your way than that's fantastic!
Did you strain the solids out of the browned butter? If your using the crock pot would you add the browned butter on in the last hour?
Robin, no I didn't drain the solids. I've never made the cabbage in the crockpot before so I'll be very interested in how it turned out for you. Yes I'd add the butter in the last hour. Let me know how it came out!
Wow! I would never have thought to put bacon on cabbage! This looks and sounds amazing…maybe I could even get my daughters to eat cabbage this way!
I've never thought of baking or roasting cabbage before. You have opened up lots of ideas for me now.
This is now my favorite way to cook cabbage. Easy, fast, and delicious.I made this for a family dinner. Everyone loved it, even family that does not like cabbage. My family loves this recipe.
LOVE cabbage and bacon together! Haven't had it in forever! Need to try this one. Looks perfect!
This Baked Cabbage make the dish so delicious. Love the addition of Bacon in it. Cabbage will now be an add on to my family diet.


BOSTON — The club with the best record in baseball is spending the All-Star break with the largest lead in the majors, well ahead of its blood rival and positioned to run away with the AL East.
Thanks to last night's 7-3 beating of the Red Sox in front of 38,270 at Fenway Park, the Yankees enter the four-day interruption at 52-33, seven games ahead of the second-place Orioles in the AL East.
The victory enabled the Yankees to leave New England's living room with three wins in four games, 91/2 lengths ahead of the reeling Red Sox, who have lost eight of 11.
Andruw Jones capped a sensational weekend with a two-run homer and three RBIs. In two games Saturday and one last night, Jones hit four homers and drove in six runs.
While a Yankees-Red Sox game taking four hours and two minutes to complete isn't unusual, watching Derek Jeter drop a routine pop-up is.
Jeter said the shoulder cramp that surfaced after the error had nothing to do with the play. He went 3-for-5 at the plate.
Robinson Cano's leadoff double in the ninth extended his hitting streak to 15 games.
So much has been rightfully made of the Red Sox injuries to high-profile players as the reason for their mediocre season. However, Jon Lester and Josh Beckett have not pitched anywhere near their past.
4 1/3 innings. He is 5-6 with a 4.49 ERA.
In Nova's last outing he was battered for six runs (four earned) and 10 hits by the Rays through six innings.
Working against a Red Sox lineup that lost Adrian Gonzalez (illness) in the third inning and has been without Jacoby Ellsbury, Dustin Pedroia and Carl Crawford, Nova went six innings. He allowed two runs (one earned) and six hits. He fanned 10, walked two and improved to 10-3.
CC Sabathia was quick to downplay the best record in baseball and the Yankees' largest lead of the season.
For the fourth straight game the Yankees scored multiple runs in the opening frame. The two last night increased the four-game, first-inning tally to 14.
Red Sox designated hitter David Ortiz said what the math tells us.
"What can I tell you? We played the Yankees, the best team in baseball right now,'' Ortiz said when asked about losing three of four.


text:
DR. GEORGE DEFRANCA
COVID-19: What we know...
LOW BACK PAIN HELP!!
Typical Visit: The Examination
Treatment Visit
Types of Treatments...
YOGA, BREATHE, MEDITATE
CONDITIONS TREATED...
CONTACT US...Ask for an appointment...
Antibiotics and ear infections
Back Pack Syndrome
Catching a cold?
Cave Man's diet (Paleolithic)
Children and Chiropractic
Computer Work Station
Creep and Sleep!
Dr. DeFranca's Top Ten List
The "Fourth Trimester" and Colic
Fish Oils and Anti-inflammatory Action
Flu Exaggerated?
Greens and Genes...
Heartburn Tea!
How Do We Heal?
Hydrogen Peroxide for Colds!
Lower Back Pain: The Problem...
Meditation Class Notes
Mercury In Your Mouth!!
Neck Pain: The Problem...
School Headache in Kids
Stroke from Spinal Manipulation??
Wet Sock Treatment?
Worried About the Flu?
You Are What You Eat...
Abdominal Exercises
Lower Extremity Exercises
Mid and Upper Back Exercises
Neck Stretches
Upper Extremtiy Exercises
Cobras / Mckenzie Extensions
Dr. DeFranca's Sample Exercise Routine
Foot Exercises: The Short Foot
Foot Exercises: Toe Ups and Downs
Foot Exercises: Tib Posterior and P. Longus
Hip Hinge
DR. LINDA LEVINE
Dr. George's Blog...
Children and Chiropractic...
Children and Chiropractic Care: Birth to 18 Years: Conditions Cared For and Side Effects
By Mark Studin DC, FASBE (C), DAAPM, DAAMLP
Chiropractic has been successfully caring for children for various conditions for over a millennium. The main issues are what conditions are cared for by chiropractors, what is the reported success rate and what is the incidence of side effects. Over time, research has started to catch up on what individual chiropractors have been realizing in their private practices and this article will outline the current state of the literature.
Marchand (2012) reported that an extensive European study was performed revealing that 8.1% of chiropractic practices were children between the ages of 0-18 (this is lower than the 17.1% of pediatric case loads of American Chiropractors.) This was based upon 921 doctors of chiropractic participating and reporting 19,821 pediatric visits, thereby certifying a valid cross-section of patients to conclude results.
The pediatric related conditions that were reported to be cared for by chiropractors were the following:
Walking/crawling
Mid back pain
Crying/Irritability/Sleep
Hiatus hernia
Ear-nose-throat problems
Miller and Benfield (2008) conducted a study of children younger than 3 years old to determine the adverse effects of chiropractic care in that age group, arguably the most susceptible to injury based upon the fragility of that age group. The study was based upon 5,242 chiropractic adjustments and if the results were extrapolated to the wider infant/toddler population that receives chiropractic treatment, the adverse reaction rate is expected to be 1 out of every 1300 chiropractic adjustments. There was less than 1% of patients experiencing negative side effects and all of these adverse reactions to care were mild in nature; transient and required no medical care with serious complications. The typical reaction was transient crying.
The "Practical Application" reported by Miller and Benfield was that chiropractic adjustments were safe for young children and adolescents.
Marchand (2012) also reported the negative side effects of chiropractic care in children to be less then 1% (0.23%,) which is consistent with what Miller and Benfield reported 4 years prior in an independent study. However, Marchand went further to categorize the negative side effects into mild, moderate and severe. In a 1 year study of 237,857 pediatric patients, there was a reported 534 mild side effects (0.2%) and 23 (0.009%) had moderate side effects with 0 (zero) reporting any severe side effects.
To render perspective on the safety of chiropractic care and children Le, Nguyen, Law and Hodding (2006) reported "The incidence of adverse drug reactions among hospitalized children in the United States has not been well studied. Because clinical trials involving neonates, infants, children, and adolescents are limited, the safety and tolerability of many pharmacologic agents are not well established. Often the pharmacologic actions of drugs in neonates, infants, and children are not similar to those identified for adults; therefore, information obtained from research with adults cannot be applied directly. On the basis of a meta-analysis of 17 prospective studies conducted in the United States and Europe, the incidence of adverse drug reactions among hospitalized children was 9.5%, with severe reactions accounting for 12% of the total (pg. 557.)
The above study indicates that side effects need more researched in many sects of health care, but comparatively speaking, chiropractic is a much safer choice than most alternative options.
Over time, research will continue to render more outcome statistics on the efficacy of chiropractic care. However based upon the current statistical conclusions, chiropractic is being utilized to help an array of maladies worldwide in the pediatric population with minimal to no side effects.
Marchand, Aurelie (2012) Chiropractic Care of Children From Birth to Adolescence and Classification of reported Conditions: An Internet Cross-Sectional Survey of 956 European Chiropractors, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 35 (5) 372-380
Miller, J. E., & Benfield, K. (2008). Adverse effects of spinal manipulative therapy in children younger than 3 years: A retrospective study in a chiropractic teaching clinic. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 31(6), 419-423.
Studin M. (2010, September). Chiropractic and Children; A Study in Adverse Effects, US Chiropractic Directory. Retrieved from http://uschirodirectory.com/index.php?option=com_flexicontent&view=items&id=261
Le, J., Nguyen, T., Law, A., Hodding, J. (2006) Adverse Drug reactions Among Children Over a 10-Year Period, Pediatrics, 118 (2) 555-562
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After graduating with an MBA from Essec Business School in Paris, Stanislas joins L'OREAL. Over a period of 12 years, he has contributed through various international positions in the fields of commerce, marketing and business management to developing brands, businesses and people. He then decided, ten years ago, to set-up his first start-up dedicated to innovative beauty product development (skincare, hair-care, fragrance), which he sold four years ago. Stanislas then chose to focus on different fields driving innovation, such as smart textiles and data. Over these two years, Stanislas has explored alternative technological fields and the digital revolution and has helped him elaborate the vision of Wired Beauty® as the new frontier for the all stakeholders in the industry. Stanislas partnered in 2013 with Jean-Roch Meunier, an R&D expert in the fields of beauty, health and biotech and together they created WB Technologies to accelerate the vision of connected beauty based on reliable data, user-friendly devices and community-based data management. Stanislas is truly dedicated to and finds his motivation in transversal user-friendly collaborative innovation, delivering value in the field of beauty for men and women around the world thanks to an open-innovation approach with key players in this domain.


text:
AKE DIKHEA? Festival of Romani Film I vol. 3
ORGANIZATION & PARTNERS
AKE DIKHEA? 2018
… THEY ONLY TAKE AWAY THE CRIMINALS
Hamze Bytyçi
Registration required: veranstaltungen@stiftung-denkmal.de
"They only take away the criminals," Zilli Reichmann's father said when the National Socialists arrested the first Sinti and Roma. Because he was fatally wrong, the 95-year-old Sintizza tells her story today. In the animated short film she tells of the murder of her daughter and family in the gas chambers of Auschwitz, her struggle for survival and the meaning of life after the Holocaust.
©Stephanie Ballantine
Hamze Bytyçi is media and theatre pedagogue, director, performer and member of the International Romani Film Commission. He was born in Prizren, Kosovo. In 2005 he finished the Acting School in Freiburg and moved to Berlin in 2006 after a one-year theatre engagement in Zurich, Swiss. He performs among others at Maxim Gorki Theater Berlin and Ballhaus Naunyenstraße. Since 2012, he is the chairman of the association RomaTrial, where he works as artistic director of several formats: In 2017 he initiated the AKE DIKHEA? Festival of Romani Film, in 2018 he was co-curator of the First Roma Biennale COME OUT NOW! In his own live shows Hilton 437, he brings up social and political topics as deportations from Germany or the discrimination of the Roma minority. In youth projects like Radio Çorel or the Balkan Onions international summer film school, he supports young Roma people to find their own artistic expression. Since 2016, he is member of the Berlin board of the party Die Linke.
Director: Hamze Bytyci
Script: Kristóf Horváth
3D Animation: Norbert Oláh
Animation & Illustration: Hannah Stragholz & Simon Steinhorst
Narration: Zilli Reichmann
Sound Design & Sound Mix: Marcus Zilz
Music: Dragan Cordes
Production: Caspar Schleicher, RomaTrial
THURSDAY, 18:00, with Q&A with the team
AKE DIKHEA? FESTIVAL OF ROMANI FILM
5 - 9 December 2019
Moviemento Berlin-Kreuzberg
© 2019 RomaTrial e.V.


text:
Q: 2D Tile-Based Game Engine - Layer Management in XNA with C# I'm going to build an advanced 2D Up-Down RPG.
It'll be a C# + XNA version of my existing 2D Flash RPG Engine ( Adobe Air ).
Well, in Flash Pro i've simply used different MovieClips for the different Layers but how could i realize that in C# using XNA ?
I want to be able to use the output ( map-data-file ) from the Flash Map Editor I've made.
The Output file looks like this:
<layer1>
0.0.0.A.A.A.A.B.B.A.A.0.0.0
0.0.0.A.A.A.A.B.B.B.A.A.0.0
0.0.A.A.A.B.B.B.B.B.B.A.0.0
0.A.A.A.A.B.B.B.B.B.B.A.A.0
0.A.A.A.A.B.B.B.B.B.B.A.A.0
0.A.A.A.A.A.B.B.B.B.B:B.A.0
0.0.A.A.A.A.B.B.B.B.A.A.A.0
0.0.A.A.A.A.A.B.B.A.A.A.0.0
0.0.0.A.A.A.A.B.B.A.A.0.0.0

<layer2>
. . . . .
. . .
.
.

<layer3>
.
.
.

an so on...
where:
0 = Blank;
A = Gras;
B = Water;

so i want to simply loop through these lines, save in arrays and add the coresponding sprites to the specific layer, maybe like this:
Layers[2].Add( tile, x, y );

how can i realize that ? and also, how can I manage the z-sorting, cuz further i want to be able to walk under bridges, or drive through tunnels.
( like in this image, there could be a ship driving unter the bridge )

or even some stairs to get to the next stage ( switch layer )
do you guys have any idea or even a refference for me ?
thx for all your answers !
EDIT:
the layer hirachy shoult look like this :
map{
    Layer[0] { // "bg"
        xyArray{ .... }
    }
    Layer[1] { // "static" - bottom part / stairs of the bridge
        xyArray{ .... }
    }
    Layer[2] { // "items"
        xyArray{ .... }
    }
    Layer[3] { // "player"
        xyArray{ .... }
    }
    Layer[4] { // "static2" - top part of bridge
        xyArray{ .... }
    }
}

// if the player is ON a tile that hat a Stair funktion, the "player" layer will be
// moved on top of the "static2" layer, so 'Layer[3].Z = 4;' and 'Layer[4].Z = 3;'
// like i showed in the Switch funktion up there

A: The SpriteBatch.Draw method has overloads that let you specify Layer
Specifically, the bottom two entries on the table here
The layer is a float between 0 and 1. You'll also need to specify a SpriteSortMode in your SpriteBatch.Begin(). Below is an example from a board game I wrote that tints the player tokens and moves the active player to the very front of the stack for when multiple players occupy the same square:
if (i == currentPlayer)
{
     SpriteColor = Color.White;
     spriteDepth = 0f; // Front
}
else
{
     SpriteColor = Color.Gray;
     spriteDepth = 0.1f; // Back
}
spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.BackToFront, BlendState.AlphaBlend);
spriteBatch.Draw(players[i].Sprite, SquareCentre, null, SpriteColor, 0f, SpriteCentre,0.5f, SpriteEffects.None, spriteDepth);
spriteBatch.End();

Hope this helps.


text:
Friendship Symbol
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Appearance of Printing Industry in Iran
At: اردیبهشت 7, 1401
Some people believe that the appearance of printing industry in Iran goes back to the Ilkhanid period, while others believe that Jewish people with Persian language brought it to Iran due to the importance of printing some books. In 1639, Christian missionaries published three books in Persian and the printing house in which these books have been published could be the first Persian printing house in the world. According to the existing documents, the first book published in Iran is called psalm of David or Saghmos, which was published in 572 pages in 1638 by the Armenian priests of Julfa located in Isfahan. The reason that the Armenians were capable of establishing a printing house in Iran and freely print Christian sources and become 15th in the world is the encouraging environment created by the Safavid Shah Abbas I. Almost 30 years after migration to Julfa, Isfahan, the Armenians established a printing house and began printing some books. It is said that some Iranians in the Safavid period had the required information from the printing house and entered it to Iran.
The main changes in printing and publishing goes back to the period of Abbas Mirza Qajar and such a period is equal to the consequences of Iran-Russia war. In 1233, Agha Zineh Al-Abedineh Tabrizi ordered to establish a printing house in Tabriz, which was supported by Abbas Mirza. The first Persian book called Fathnameh, which described the wars between Iran and Russia, can be considered as the first printed work published in Iran at zelhajje,1234. The investigations represent that the government used the printing industry to achieve its goals. In 1240 and almost 7 years after the establishment of Tabriz Printing House, Fath Ali Shah ordered to establish a printing house in Tehran with the help of Mirza Zineh Al-Abedineh.
First printing presses in Iran
After the lead printing, lithography became a popular printing method in Iran. In order to learn how to use lithography, Jafar Khan Tabrizi was sent to Moscow and when returning to Iran, he imported lithographs to Tabriz in1239-1240. The Qur'an has been considered as the first lithography book and was published in 1248 by Mirza Assadollah in Tabriz and three years after its publication, Zad al-Ma'ad was published in Tabriz. Lithography became popular not only in Tabriz and Tehran, but also in most cities of Iran, but half a century later, lead printing became popular again during the period of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. By the establishment of the Dār ul-Funun, the Iranian printing house has been affected and therefore, a printing house has been established inside the school and it began to publish the articles of professors and education books of students. In this printing house, almost 40 education books were published. Government printing houses have been established at the period of Naser al-Din Shah. During a period after the formation of the first parliament, a printing house was established to print the contents of the parliament and became the largest printing house in the country. After establishing the legitimacy, another printing house has been established under the leadership of Abdullah Khan of Qajar and continued its activation until 1328. Gradually, lithography has been replaced by the lead printing and in 1330, few lithography has been left.
In 1307, 1310 and 1317, education books were published .Then, several government printing houses were established, such as the Army printing house, the printing house of the National Bank of Iran, the tobacco printing house of Iran and the railway printing house.
After the war, Taban Printing House, which was the first private printing house equipped with new and automatic machines, underwent significant changes.
In 1330s, new two-color and four-color offset printing machines entered Iran and caused extensive changes in the printing industry.
In 1340s, cheap pocket books has permanently been used.
In 1357, the printing houses were very active in showing the anti-government attempts of Pahlavi.
In 1371, color printing has permanently been used and Hamshahri newspaper was considered as the first colored newspaper in Iran.
Then, stamps, paper moneys, documents and bus tickets were printed. In 1367, a printing house has been established for printing banknotes and since 1367, the country's banknotes have been printed in this printing house.
2th of September is considered as the day of printing industry.
With the appearance of the first printing houses in Iran, the Zomorod printing complex is capable of printing different types of orders using the modern technologies.
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text:
Home > Retirement > Rising cost of living starts to hit pensioners' pockets
Rising cost of living starts to hit pensioners' pockets
June 1, 2013 Retirement
Over-55s have been told to watch their outgoings in light of a rising cost of living, which is affecting savings totals across the UK. The warning comes from Aviva, following the publication of its Real Retirement Report.
The survey discovered that those approaching pensionable age are having to deal with mounting debts and lower savings because of the raised cost of housing, public transport and food. While more products are coming to the market to boost the savings of those at an ever-younger age – such as those with Family Investments, experts in Junior ISAs – there are still real concerns for those who came much later to the savings market.
The report, released on May 29th, claimed that in the last 12 months the over-55s bracket had to make more sacrifices to respond to the rising cost of essentials, meaning many other "luxury" items had to take a back seat – from clothing and leisure goods to furniture and pet care.
Worse still is the fact that those over the age of 55 are struggling to pay off monthly debt costs. Unsecured debt has risen by 36pc in just two years, at a typical cost of £23,188 in personal loans and credit cards.
As discussed, it is savings that take the brunt of this rise in debt. The average savings pot for the 55 to 64 age group now stands at £11,763 – a massive fall of 36 per cent from a peak of £18,364 in September 2012, just nine months ago.
However, things aren't all bad; experts are now making more concerted efforts to encourage workers to start proper retirement planning. What's more, incomes have typically increased by £166 a month. Wages for those who choose to work past retirement age are quite reasonable, too -among the over-75s, incomes have indeed risen.
Speaking to the Daily Telegraph following the release of the figures, Angela Seymour-Jackson of Aegon said pensioner poverty could only be averted by acting quickly. She said: "Younger respondents are more at risk of a retirement crisis than any generation that has gone before. They are increasingly becoming aware that they will have to start planning for the possibility that they will need to support ageing parents, themselves and their children in later life.
"This 'squeezed generation' is most at risk of stumbling into an impoverished retirement if they don't act soon. Longer life expectancy, lower pension contributions, reducing state support and increasing financial dependency from family members makes planning for retirement all the more important."
Retirement Account Basics
Aspects of Retirement Planning – Estates
Why the Purchase of a Structured Settlement or Annuity Is a Good Investment
Best Savings Account
Get the Best Car Insurance Rate
FREE Credit Score!
Looking for a New Investment other than Stocks? Give P2P Lending a Try!
Three Things to Know about Divorce and Debt
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6 Ways to Get a Few More Dollars in Each Month After Retirement
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2016: The Year to Invest in Gold
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Investing in Kids
Focusing on Your #1 Financial Priorities for January
How to Invest Money by Avoiding Sales Fever
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How to Properly Manage Your Money
How Far Can You Trim Down Christmas Spending?
Saving Money By Choosing the Right Credit Card
Planning a Three-Month Emergency Fund
Smart Ideas for Paying Off a Credit Card Balance
Why is Getting Rid of Debt So Important?
Not Losing Money is Just as Important as Growing It
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text:
BTC Chapter 50 : Looking for Tencent to ask for money
"It's time to seize the market," Lu Zixin said. "The open online game accelerator assists the acceleration of other games, and the acceleration of similar Eating Chicken online games is delayed."
Red Letter online game accelerator, naturally it is impossible to accelerate only one game. In fact, Cloud host has been able to speed up most of the games on the current game platform, and the results are good.
And the Cloud host, which received user data feedback, is still self-upgrading and optimized for System Improvement. When the optimization is completed, the computer accelerator can be launched.
Liu Tong heard Lu Zixin command, said with a smile: "General, your hand is absolutely perfect! After the user is used to our online game accelerator to play games, those online games with high requirements are equivalent to our life. Once we don't provide acceleration, their popularity will be damaged."
Lu Zixin took his words and said: "More than that, there are upgrade services. If they are willing to give us some money, we can also upgrade their game acceleration."
Online game accelerator is the grading acceleration, the higher the membership level, the faster the acceleration. This means, Red Letter is also learning with Tencent.
After that, both of them laughed, and the air smelled of conspiracy.
Outside the office, there were employees passing by and a confused face.
"What are they laughing inside?"
"I don't know, just now Manager Liu went in!"
"tsk tsk!" An employee showed a meaningful smile, and his companions followed.
A few days later, netizens gradually discovered that Red Letter online game accelerator was so powerful that the download volume also climbed.
Most of the comments on the Internet are praised:
"This accelerator thief is easy to use! More than just playing Desolate Battlegrounds, playing other games!"
"Why are Net One and Tencent accelerators free, do you charge?"
"Thanks to Red Letter online game accelerator, my garbage computer can actually play games with high configuration requirements, it's so cool!"
"hehe, garbage accelerator, actually still charge!"
"A member who has been rushing for one year, playing the game feels like flying, and there is a wood in one second!"
The Red Letter online game accelerator, almost at the same speed as the rocket, quickly reached the first position of online game accelerator!
Other online game accelerators are okay, Quick Tour and so on, with a single service provider, there is almost no room for survival!
A few days ago, the company was still fighting high spirits, and strive to beat the red letter online game accelerator. However, in the past few days, after their research on Red Letter online game accelerator, it was found that they could not keep up with it, and the company's fighting spirit was immediately absent.
"General Yuan, after our assessment, we intend to withdraw the second phase of investment." An investor is negotiating with the CEO of Quick Tour accelerator, Yuan Li.
Yuan Li sighs deeply. Whether it is Xundian, Tencent or Net One launching online game accelerator, they are not so sloppy.
The competition with those families earlier could not be the competition of means of charging and preferential policies.
But with the red letter game, it is a technical level of competition, they are defeated!
After the investor left, he held several cronies, all of whom were entrepreneurs who started business with him.
"What is your opinion about the company now?" he asked.
Several company veterans have been silent, the company's situation is very clear, it is not not optimistic, but very dangerous!
These days, they are busy working overtime in the company, but the gap in technology is not overridden by overtime.
"It's hard!" One person slowly said.
Yuan Li nodded and said: "It is very difficult. I think everyone knows that Quick Tour accelerator has been created since now. We have all changed from a poor white to a tens of millions. It can be said that it has been successful."
"When we started, we seized the market opportunity. Now Red Letter online game accelerator, standing in front of us in the same way, we can not stop them."
"There is capital to contact me, they want to buy Quick Tour. What opinions do you have?" Yuan Li finally said his thoughts.
If it was before, these veterans will definitely oppose it because they all hold shares in Quick Tour. The Quick Tour annual profit is nearly 100 million, and the dividend can be quite a lot.
But now, Red Letter accelerator has sprung up, the investor decided to withdraw funds, and the company is rapidly declining. Continue to squat, maybe you have to pay more than the money you earn. If you change your hand and sell it, you can make a profit.
"This is perhaps the best way." One of them sighed, they paid a lot of effort in the fast tour, and they made a decision.
"Sell it."
The Quick Tour accelerator was hit by Red Letter online game accelerator, while the Tencent game company was double attacked.
The first is the PC version of "Desolate Battlegrounds", which directly took away their player traffic. The game media is called Tencent Eating Chicken. Within a week, the player's online number is one-third less!
The PC version of "Desolate Battlegrounds" has been rising and it is expected to surpass the Tencent game in a week.
The second major shock is from the online game accelerator of Red Letter. Most of the other games in this online game accelerator provide acceleration, but Tencent Eating Chicken online game cannot be accelerated. This led to some players who wanted to play Tencent Eating Chicken went to play Desolate Battlegrounds!
"They are clearly going to grab the market with us this time!" Tencent's director of game marketing angered.
"What's the matter!" said the manager next to him. "We just contacted the Red Letter game and asked about it."
"You guess how they responded? They said it was for technical reasons, so they couldn't provide it for the time being. And they also marketed their accelerator service to us."
"Technical reasons! Nonsense!" Marketing Director.
"Right, what services do they sell?" he asked again.
"They said, let's buy their game-specific acceleration service, they will be able to launch as soon as possible, and the price is not cheap!"
"Pā!" The marketing director took a slap on the table. "Red Letter game is really evil! Others who do online game accelerators are asking for a door to cooperate with us. They are still asking us for money!"
The management of Tencent Games, for the first time, felt this kind of grievance!
Other small companies, who are not shivering in their shadows, only Red Letter games, actually dare to grab the market with them, and actually won!
No matter how uncomfortable they are, they still have to negotiate ways to deal with it. The Tencent gaming business has always been a big revenue for the entire Tencent company. Now the mobile game is frustrated, the online game has to be hammered by Red Letter, absolutely can not listen to it!
After various analyses and reports, the top ten of the Tencent game gathered in the conference room to discuss ways to deal with it. After discussing several possible solutions, their focus is on the issue of the red letter online game accelerator.
"In terms of technical research, there is still no progress for the time being. Now our question is, do you want to buy their accelerator service?" The question was put out and everyone thought about it.
"Without buying, the popularity of our games will continue to drain, and our competitors should buy the accelerator service to attract more popularity."
"When you buy, we will reduce part of our profits every year and let Red Letter make money."
"I think it should be bought!" one person said. "We must grasp the player flow! As for the cost of buying an accelerator, it is actually only a negligible part of our profit."
"I agree!" and another executive said, "We have a firm foothold and it is no problem to pay a little money. The key is to study the technology of Red Letter online game as soon as possible. As long as the technology is mastered, Red Letter game is not our opponent!"
"I believe that with our research and development strength, it is not a problem!"
Everyone looked at each other and nodded.
BSI Chapter 61 : Processing
BSI Chapter 62 : Shiba Home
BTC Chapter 271 : 6G era prelude
BTC Chapter 34 : Tony Thanks
BTC Chapter 99 : Eating JuJube pills
← BTC Chapter 49 : Strong Eruption ← BTC Chapter 51 : Red Queen is banned


SDS Plus Air Hammer and Drill | Advance Drills Inc.
Drill concrete anchor holes, thru holes, piping and mechanical openings for construction and repair work. Switches to rotary drilling mode for steel and wood.


When I first saw the BodyScan demonstrated, I decided I really wanted to do this. I'd been dealing with health challenges forever. I had broken a hip and my immune system was very, very low. Everything was overwhelming me physically. I just wasn't in good health.
I saw Walt Jaakkola a year ago, the session took about 2 hours, and I came away with lots of homeopathic remedies. I began to see him once a month. In the past year I notice that I'm not susceptible to all the things I was before. My immune system is definitely stronger than ever. I have a sense that working with Dr. Jaakkola and the BodyScan is strengthening me from the inside out. It's going to a cellular level, and I know it!
I might still have some symptoms, but I've participated in my healing more than I ever did before. It's not about any one thing I can point to—just an overall sense of gaining strength—a solid way of thinking on every level. I've made an investment in my own quality of life. I'm beginning to tune in to the rhythms of my own body.
and we'll let YOU decide who's the top doctor in America, naturopathic or otherwise.


text:
Back to Ear nose and throat
Ear nose and throat - Ear basics
The ears are organs of hearing and balance.
Sound waves are picked up by the ear, converted into electrical impulses and sent to the brain where they are processed.
The ear has two important roles. It is our organ of hearing and our organ of balance.
Parts of the ear
The ear is made up of three different parts, including:
the outer ear – this is the part you can see. Its shape helps to collect sound waves. The lining of the ear canal is coated with wax, a type of lubrication that stops the tissue from drying out, as well as helping to fight infection and clearing dead skin from the ear
the middle ear – is made up of the ear drum and three small bones. These amplify and carry the sound waves to the inner ear
the inner ear – sound waves are changed into electrical impulses and sent to the brain. The organs of balance are located here too.
How ears hear
Sound waves are vibrations through the air. When we hear a sound (such as somebody's voice), sound travels along the ear canal and causes the eardrum to vibrate. The vibration of the eardrum causes movement of the three bones in the middle ear. These bones move against the cochlea (the hearing organ) and pass the vibrations to thousands of special hair cells inside it.
The hair cells then send the sound as an electrical signal along the nerve to the brain, where we perceive the sound (our brain interprets the signal as sound).
Ears and balance
Our sense of balance is controlled by signals to the brain from three sensory systems:
vestibular system – inner ear
proprioception – movement sensors in the skin, muscle and joints.
The organs of balance in the inner ear are called the vestibular system. This system includes three fluid-filled loops (semi-circular canals) which respond to the rotation of the head. Near the semicircular canals are the utricle and saccule, which detect gravity and back-and-forth motion. When the head is moved, signals from these organs are sent via the vestibular nerve to the brain where they are processed.
The brain uses the information from the inner ear, our vision and proprioception to pinpoint the position of the body.
Common ear problems
Some common ear problems include:
deafness – can be permanent or temporary, mild or significant. Can be due to many causes, including aging, disease and injury
ear infection – inflammation, often caused by bacteria
dizziness – this is often used to describe symptoms ranging from a sense that the patient or the room is spinning or moving (vertigo), to a loss of balance, giddiness, unsteadiness, light-headedness, or weakness
tinnitus – a sensation of ringing or other noises in the ears
wax – a build-up of wax can cause temporary deafness.
Ear basics
Nose conditions
Throat conditions
Ear problems in children
Babies and young children are more likely to develop middle ear infections because they are still building up their immunity...
The brain uses the inner ear, the eyes and muscles to pinpoint the position of the body at all times...
In most cases, blockage of the ear canal with wax is a harmless event...
In its earlier stages, an acoustic neuroma can present similar symptoms to other, less serious conditions, which may delay diagnosis and treatment...
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a condition characterised by episodes of sudden and severe vertigo...
Dizziness is generally treatable and rarely indicates serious brain disease...
It is estimated that around four out of five children will experience a middle ear infection at least once...
Ears - Meniere's disease
Meniere's disease affects the ear, which is the centre of hearing and balance...
Ears - otosclerosis
Otosclerosis eventually affects both ears, but the condition doesn?t cause total deafness...
Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis
Labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis are disorders that result in inflammation of the inner ear and the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain...
Middle ear infections
Middle ear infections often happen during or after a child has a cold...
Swimmer's ear can be triggered by exposure to water or mechanical damage due to overzealous cleaning...
Tinnitus cannot be cured, but it can be managed with some lifestyle changes...
Deafness - a range of causes
Deafness is caused by many different events including injury, disease and genetic defects...
Ears - ways to protect your hearing
Once hearing is damaged, it often can't be restored...
Hearing loss - auditory neuropathy
Auditory neuropathy is hearing loss caused by a disruption of nerve impulses travelling from the inner ear to the brain...
Hearing loss - communication in the workplace
If you are unsure how to best communicate with a colleague who has a hearing impairment, ask them...
Hearing loss - how it affects people
Many people with hearing loss experience a drop in self-esteem and confidence because of their impaired ability to communicate...
Hearing loss - lipreading
Lipreading can help people who are hearing impaired to cope better with their hearing loss...
Hearing problems - hyperacusis
Reduced sound tolerance can confine a person to their home, affect their career and social life, and make everyday activities impossible...
Hearing problems in children
The earlier that hearing loss is identified in children, the better for the child?s language, learning and overall development...
A ringing sensation in the ears (tinnitus), or people complaining that you talk too loudly are signs you may need to have your hearing checked...
Sign language - Auslan
Like any language, Auslan continues to evolve to meet the communication needs of people who are deaf...
Since adenoids are constantly in the path of germs, infections are common...
Bleeding from the nose is common in children and is usually not severe or serious...
Nasal polyps can sometimes interfere with breathing...
If you suffer from sinusitis, it?s important to see if there is any trigger which can be treated...
Croup is a viral infection of the throat and windpipe that causes noisy breathing, a hoarse voice and a harsh, barking cough...
Prolonged exposure to air pollutants, such as dust, can irritate the larynx and cause chronic laryngitis...
Untreated rheumatic fever can lead to serious complications such as rheumatic heart disease...
A person with sleep apnoea may wake hundreds of times every night...
Streptococcal infection - group A
Streptococcal infection ? group A can cause sore throats (pharyngitis), scarlet fever or impetigo (school sores)...
Risk factors for throat cancer include smoking and heavy alcohol consumption...
Because most attacks of tonsillitis are caused by viruses, most of the treatment is aimed at helping to relieve the symptoms...
Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital.
The Bionic Ear Institute (BEI) - Cochlear implants
This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by: Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH)
Last updated: February 2019
Page last reviewed: 30 Sep 2014
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au:443/health/conditionsandtreatments/ears


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LAWTRIZON
MARITIME AND TRADE
ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Trizon Law Chambers
TOOLS OF MONETARY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF BANKS
A Bank is an establishment authorized by a government to accept deposits, pays interest, clear checks, make loans, act as intermediary in financial transaction, and provide other financial services to its customers.
If a nation's economy were a human body, then its heart would be the central bank. And just as the heart works to pump life-giving blood throughout the body, the central bank pumps money into the economy to keep it healthy and growing. Sometimes economies need less money, and sometimes they need more.
A central bank is an entity responsible for overseeing the monetary system and policy of a nation or group of nations, regulating its money supply and interest rates. Central banks have three main monetary policy tools: open market operations, the discount rate, and the reserve requirement. Most central banks also have a lot more tools at their disposal. Here are the three primary tools and how they work together to sustain healthy economic growth.
Open market operations are when central banks buy or sell securities. These are bought from or sold to the country's private banks. When the central bank buys securities, it adds cash to the banks' reserves. That gives them more money to lend. When the central bank sells the securities, it places them on the banks' balance sheets and reduces its cash holdings. The bank now has less to lend. A central bank buys securities when it wants expansionary monetary policy. It sells them when it executes contractible monetary policy.
The reserve requirement refers to the money banks must keep on hand overnight. They can either keep the reserve in their vaults or at the central bank. A low reserve requirement allows banks to lend more of their deposits. It's expansionary because it creates credit. A high reserve requirement is contractionary. It gives banks less money to loan. It's especially hard for small banks since they don't have as much to lend in the first place. That's why most central banks don't impose a reserve requirement on small banks. Central banks rarely change the reserve requirement because it's expensive and disruptive for member banks to modify their procedures.
The discount rate is the third tool. It's the rate that central banks charge its members to borrow at its discount window. Since the rate is high, banks only use this if they can't borrow funds from other banks. There is also a stigma attached. The financial community assumes that any bank that uses the discount window is in trouble.
Only a desperate bank that's been rejected by others would use the discount window. Central banks are more likely to adjust the targeted lending rate. It achieves the same result as changing the reserve requirement with less disruption. The fed funds rate is perhaps the most well-known of these tools. Here's how it works. If a bank can't meet the reserve requirement, it borrows from another bank that has excess cash. The interest rate it pays is the fed funds rate. The amount it borrows is called the fed funds. The Federal Open Market Committee sets a target for the fed funds rate at its meetings.
ADMISSIBILITY OF ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE- THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN NIGERIA (PART A)
THE VITIATING ELEMENTS OF CONTRACT
© 2023 by Jeffrey & Mitchell. Proudly created with Wix.com


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Yet Another Airline Begins Service From Buffalo To….
Dale Mussen Published: February 13, 2018
A new airline has begun operations out of the Buffalo-Niagara International Airport to fill a void left open for seven years. There's been no direct service between Buffalo and Albany until now with the start of OneJet's twice daily round-trips.
Monday thru Friday flights out of Buffalo are at 7:00 am and 4:50 pm.
Flights from Albany to Buffalo are at 8:20 am and 6:10 pm.
These flights are ideal for people who have business in Albany. They can get it done in a day and be back home that night. Round-trip flights are $199. Flights are less than an hour gate to gate.
OneJet has been in operation for less than two years with 220 weekly flights from its home bases in Pittsburgh and Milwaukee. In addition to those cities the airline now serves Albany, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Columbus, Hartford, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Louisville, Nashville, Omaha, Palm Beach, Providence and Richmond.
Officials from the airport and the airline got together to cut the ribbon introducing the new service:
Everyone is so excited to launch the new @OneJetAir Plus Service to @AlbanyAirport! pic.twitter.com/uv8QFPEXPz
— Buffalo Airport (@BUFAirport) February 13, 2018
Source: Yet Another Airline Begins Service From Buffalo To….
Tell Us What "Grinds Your Gears" For Prizes
Tell Us Your "Thoughts From The Throne"
'Evil Dead Rise' Trailer: A Groovy Horror Classic Returns
Former Buffalo Bills Star Snapped in an Embarrassing Picture
Festivus: Air Your Grievances and Win Gifts
Metallica: A Photo Timeline of Their Remarkable Career
[PIC] Miami Dolphins Used Sideline Heaters In a Domed Stadium


This study was conducted to investigate the production and processing technology of common ryegrass screenings and to determine the nutritive value of these screenings for sheep. The animal response to them was assessed when the sheep were fed on the screenings alone and in combination with other feedstuffs. Four in vivo digestion trials were conducted using alfalfa pellets and a mixed steer ration fed alone and in combination with 40 and 60 percent light and heavy common ryegrass screenings. Corn silage was also fed in the same combination. Wether lambs weighing approximately 80 pounds were randomly assigned to metabolism stalls designed to collect feces quantitatively separate from the urine. Collection periods lasted for 5 days with a 15 day transition period between trials. Proximate analyses were done on representative sub-samples of each of the feedstuffs and feces. In vitro dry matter digestion studies were run on the same combination of feedstuffs utilized in the in vivo digestion trials. Combinations of common ryegrass screenings ranging from 20 to 80 percent of the mixture were used to determine the effects of increasing levels. In addition, 12 randomly selected common ryegrass screening samples were used for comparative weight and digestibility analyses. The in vitro procedure involved the digestion of feedstuffs by diluted rumen liquor in glass centrifuge bottles contained in a constant-temperature water-bath at 39° C for 24 hours. No apparent palatability or toxicity problems from weed seed contamination were observed during the 86 day in vivo study. In vivo apparent digestibility for heavy common ryegrass screenings fed alone and in combinations with other feedstuffs is relatively high, whereas that for light common ryegrass screenings fed in the same manner is relatively low. Favorable interactions are indicated from blending 40-60 and 60-40 combinations of alfalfa with heavy common ryegrass screenings and corn silage used in the same blend. Unfavorable interactions are indicated when common ryegrass screenings are blended with either alfalfa, steer ration #7, or corn silage; however, both are inconclusive. In vivo correlations indicate that organic matter and dry matter digestion, gross energy, and crude protein can be used with a high degree of confidence to predict digestible energy. Crude protein content of feedstuffs is a reasonably good indicator of in vivo dry matter digestibility. In vitro negative correlations are associated with increasing percentages of light and heavy common ryegrass screenings mixed with alfalfa and steer ration #7. Positive correlations are shown when corn silage is used in the blends. The highest in vitro dry matter digestion occurred between 40 and 70 percent heavy common ryegrass screenings blended with alfalfa; 30 to 70 percent blended with steer ration #7; and 60 to 70 percent blended with corn silage. A positive correlation (p < 0.05) indicates a close association between the comparative sample weights of 12 randomly selected common ryegrass samples and their in vitro dry matter digestion. Major differences in comparative proximate analyses are shown between light and heavy common ryegrass screenings. A significant (p < 0.01) correlation is indicated between pooled in vitro and in vivo measures of dry matter digestibility for alfalfa, steer ration #7, corn silage, and light and heavy common ryegrass screenings.


Our fascination with indoor gardening is centuries old. We use plants to decorate and delight, to improve our homes and also our health. From the fern craze of the 19th century to the succulents of the swinging sixties, as conditions and tastes have changed, so our repertoire of plants has expanded and our love for them has grown.
In celebration of the humble houseplant, this exhibition at the RHS Lindley Library presents a series of designs by students from Central Saint Martins college. In a collaborative project with the library, the students have investigated a variety of well-known and well-loved houseplants and created made to measure pots to suit their individual needs. The ceramic designs and accompanying displays explore both the characteristics that make these plants perfectly suited to the home environment, and the striking aesthetic qualities that ensure their continued popularity among indoor gardening enthusiasts.