text:
Q: How to find the vertices of a regular tetrahedron? a dodecahedron? My question is: how to find the coordinates of the vertices of regular tetrahedron and dodecahedron?
I tried to find the coordinates of the vertices of a regular tetrahedron as the solutions of a certain polynomial system in $8$ variables, notating the vertices of a tetrahedron $S(0,0,1)$, $A(0,yA,zA)$, $B(xB,yB,zB)$, and $C(xC,yC,zC)$:
Reduce[
yA^2 + zA^2 == 1 &&
xB^2 + yB^2 + zB^2 == 1 &&
xC^2 + yC^2 + zC^2 == 1 &&
yA^2 + (zA - 1)^2 == xB^2 + yB^2 + (zB - 1)^2 &&
yA^2 + (zA - 1)^2 == xC^2 + yC^2 + (zC - 1)^2 &&
xB^2 + (yB - yA)^2 + (zB - zA)^2 ==
                 xC^2 + (yC - yA)^2 + (zC - zA)^2 &&
xB^2 + (yB - yA)^2 + (zB - zA)^2 ==
                 (xC - xB)^2 + (yC -yB)^2 + (zC - zB)^2 &&
xB^2 + (yB - yA)^2 + (zB - zA)^2 ==
                 yA^2 + (zA - 1)^2,
        {xB, xC, yA, yB, yC, zA, zB, zC}, Reals]

However, that code is spinning for hours without any output. A new idea is required.
P.S. 12.12.13. The answer done with Maple can be seen at http://mapleprimes.com/questions/200438-Around-Plato-And-Kepler-Again. Because nothing but trigonometry is used, I am pretty sure all that is possible in Mathematica.

A: Invariant theory construction
We can use Klein's invariants ($\Phi'$ on page 55, $H$ on page 61, Lectures on the Icosahedron) and project the complex roots onto the Riemann sphere, borrowing ubpdqn's projection code:
tetraPoly = -z1^4 - 2 Sqrt[3] z1^2 z2^2 + z2^4;
dodecaPoly = z1^20 + z2^20 - 228 (z1^15 z2^5 - z1^5 z2^15) + 494 z1^10 z2^10;

 (* project onto the Riemann sphere *)
sph[z_?NumericQ] :=
  Module[{den}, den = 1 + Re[z]^2 + Im[z]^2; {2 Re[z]/den, 2 Im[z]/den, (den - 2)/den}];

vTetra2 = sph[z1] /. Solve[(tetraPoly /. z2 -> 1) == 0, z1];

vDodeca2 = sph[z1] /. Solve[(dodecaPoly /. z2 -> 1) == 0, z1];
nf = Nearest[N@vDodeca2 -> Automatic];
edgeIndices2 =
  Flatten[Cases[nf[vDodeca2[[#]], 4], n_ /; n > # :> {#, n}] & /@ Range[1, 19], 1];

Tetrahedron:
Graphics3D[GraphicsComplex[vTetra2,
  {Darker@Green, Thick, PointSize[Large],
   Point[Range@4],
   Line[Subsets[Range@4, {2}]]
   }]
 ]

Dodecahedron:
Graphics3D[GraphicsComplex[vDodeca2,
  {Darker@Green, Thick, PointSize[Large],
   Point[Range@20],
   Line[edgeIndices2]
   }]
 ]

A: A geometric construction
The alternate vertices of a cube are the vertices of a regular tetrahedron.  Rotate these about an appropriate axis (for an explanation of the mathematics, see, for example, Euclid, Prop. XIII.17 or this demonstration) five times through a 1/5 turn and you get the vertices of a regular dodecahedron.  In the construction below, one can choose any three mutually perpendicular vectors of the same length for e1, e2, e3 to define the edges of the cube.  The cube will be centered at the origin with edges of twice the length of e1.  Different choices yield different orientations and sizes.
{e1, e2, e3} = IdentityMatrix[3];
n0 = e1 + GoldenRatio e3; (* axis of rotation *)
vTetra = {{1, 1, 1}, {-1, -1, 1}, {1, -1, -1}, {-1, 1, -1}}.{e1, e2, e3};
vDodeca = Flatten[NestList[#.RotationMatrix[2 Pi/5, n0] &, vTetra, 4], 1];
nf = Nearest[N@vDodeca -> Automatic];
edgeIndices =
  Flatten[Cases[nf[vDodeca[[#]], 4], n_ /; n > # :> {#, n}] & /@ Range[1, 19], 1];

Tetrahedron
vTetra
(* {{1, 1, 1}, {-1, -1, 1}, {1, -1, -1}, {-1, 1, -1}} *)

Graphics3D[GraphicsComplex[vTetra,
  {Red, Thick, PointSize[Large],
   Point[Range@4],
   Line[Subsets[Range@4, {2}]]
   }]
 ]

Dodecahedron
vDodeca /. GoldenRatio -> (1 + Sqrt[5])/2 // Simplify

(* {{1, 1, 1}, {-1, -1, 1}, {1, -1, -1}, {-1, 1, -1},
    {1/2 (1 + Sqrt[5]), 0, 1/2 (-1 + Sqrt[5])}, {-1, 1, 1},
    {1/2 (1 - Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (-1 - Sqrt[5]), 0}, {0, 1/2 (-1 + Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (-1 - Sqrt[5])},
    {1, -1, 1}, {1/2 (-1 + Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (1 + Sqrt[5]), 0},
    {1/2 (-1 - Sqrt[5]), 0,  1/2 (-1 + Sqrt[5])}, {0, 1/2 (1 - Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (-1 - Sqrt[5])},
    {0, 1/2 (1 - Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (1 + Sqrt[5])}, {1/2 (1 + Sqrt[5]), 0, 1/2 (1 - Sqrt[5])},
    {1/2 (1 - Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (1 + Sqrt[5]), 0}, {-1, -1, -1},
    {0, 1/2 (-1 + Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (1 + Sqrt[5])}, {1/2 (-1 + Sqrt[5]), 1/2 (-1 - Sqrt[5]), 0},
    {1, 1, -1}, {1/2 (-1 - Sqrt[5]), 0, 1/2 (1 - Sqrt[5])}} *)

Graphics3D[GraphicsComplex[vDodeca,
  {Red, Thick, PointSize[Large],
   Point[Range@20],
   Line[edgeIndices]
   }]
 ]

A: Actually It turns out mathematica can nicely directly solve the posed system of quadratics...
This should be equivalent to the formulation posed in the question:
$Assumptions = {Element[x[i_, j_], Reals]}
pts = Table[ x[i, j] , {i, 4}, {j, 3}]
pts[[1]] = {0, 0, 1}
pts[[2, 1]] = 0
soln = Solve[Simplify[(Norm[#]^2 == 1 & /@ pts)~Append~
    (Equal @@
      Simplify[
         Norm[pts[[#[[1]]]] - pts[[#[[2]]]]]^2 & /@
         Subsets[Range[4], {2}]])], Cases[Flatten@pts, x[_, _]]];

Last@soln  (*just by observation the last solution is real *)

(*
   {x[2, 2] -> -((2 Sqrt[2])/3), x[2, 3] -> -(1/3), x[3, 1] -> Sqrt[2/3],
    x[3, 2] -> Sqrt[2]/3, x[3, 3] -> -(1/3), x[4, 1] -> -Sqrt[(2/3)],
    x[4, 2] -> Sqrt[2]/3, x[4, 3] -> -(1/3)}
*)

Graphics3D[
  Line[{pts[[#[[1]]]], pts[[#[[2]]]]}] & /@ Subsets[Range[4], {2}] /.
  Last@soln, Boxed -> False]

I note that If I specify the Reals domain to solve it does not immediately return a solution, but by leaving out the domain it quickly returns  4 complex results and 4 real..
This works the same with Reduce noting the system of equations actually has 4 (I think) real solutions by symmetry (the tet can be upsidedown /  mirrored..). Reduce returns a somewhat messy expression encompassing all the possibilities.
EDIT:
Just noticed the posed system admits the degenerate solution of all coincident points.
This adds one more equation to exclude the degenerate case.
$Assumptions = {Element[x[i_, j_], Reals]};
n = 4;
pts = Table[ x[i, j] , {i, n}, {j, 3}] ;
pts[[1]] = {0, 0, 1};
pts[[2, 1]] = 0;
soln = Solve[Simplify[(Norm[#]^2 == 1 & /@ pts)~Append~
   (Equal @@
       Simplify[
           Norm[pts[[#[[1]]]] - pts[[#[[2]]]]]^2 & /@
                Subsets[Range[n], {2}]])~Append~(pts[[2]] != pts[[1]])],
                             Cases[Flatten@pts, x[_, _]]]

This should pull out the real solutions:
soln = Select[ soln  ,   Length[Union@Flatten[Simplify[Im[pts] /. #]]] == 1 &]

Unfortuately it only seems to work for n=4, not for 6,8,12 or 20..
Edit 2 -- well duh on me..the equations specify all points equidistant from each other, which is only the case for the tetrahedron.  I'm not sure how to even pose the problem for a dodecahedron (That is as a sysem of equations w/o some other knowledge of the solution)
Would it be cheating to use PolyhedronData["Dodecahedron", "EdgeIndices"] ?

A: Reflection group approach
Yet another approach in which Mathematica does most of the work.  The starting point is to observe that if a face of a dodecahedron is subdivided into ten congruent right triangles, the group of symmetries of a dodecahedron is generated by reflections in planes that form a spherical triangle of angles $\pi/2$, $\pi/3$, and $\pi/5$ (triangle group (2, 3, 5)).  The vertices of the dodecahedron are the orbit of the vertex v0 of the triangle where the angle is $\pi/3$.  One starts with two planes at right angles to each other, and Mathematica solves for the third plane of reflection so that, given it is constructed so that it is inclined at an angle of $\pi/3$ to one initial plane, the plane of reflection is inclined at an angle of $\pi/5$ to the other initial plane.
refl[1] = ReflectionTransform[{1, 0, 0}];
refl[2] = ReflectionTransform[{0, 0, 1}];
refl[3] =
  ReflectionTransform[{Sin[Pi/3] Cos[theta], Sin[Pi/3] Sin[theta], Cos[Pi/3]} /.
    Last @ Quiet @
      Solve[VectorAngle[{1, 0, 0}, {Sin[Pi/3] Cos[theta],
          Sin[Pi/3] Sin[theta], Cos[Pi/3]}] == Pi/5, theta]];
 (* basic rotational symmetries *)
rot[2] = Composition[refl[1], refl[2]];
rot[3] = Composition[refl[2], refl[3]];
rot[5] = Composition[refl[1], refl[3]];
 (* a convenient symmetry *)
rot[0] = Composition[rot[3], rot[5]];

 (* initial vertex *)
v0 = {Sin[Pi/2] Cos[theta - Pi/2], Sin[Pi/2] Sin[theta - Pi/2], Cos[Pi/2]} /.
   Last @ Quiet @
     Solve[VectorAngle[{1, 0, 0}, {Sin[Pi/3] Cos[theta],
         Sin[Pi/3] Sin[theta], Cos[Pi/3]}] == Pi/5, theta];
 (* 20 symmetries for transforming the initial vertex *)
rotDodeca =
  NestList[Simplify @ Composition[rot[5], #] &, #, 4] & /@
    Simplify @ FoldList[Dot,
      TransformationFunction@IdentityMatrix[4], {rot[0], rot[5], rot[0]}] // Flatten;

vDodeca3 = #[v0] & /@ rotDodeca; (* 20 vertices *)
nf = Nearest[N@vDodeca3 -> Automatic];
edgeIndices3 =  (* edges *)
  Flatten[Cases[nf[vDodeca3[[#]], 4], n_ /; n > # :> {#, n}] & /@ Range[1, 19], 1];

Dodecahedron:
Graphics3D[GraphicsComplex[vDodeca3,
  {Blue, Thick, PointSize[Large],
   Point[Range@20],
   Line[edgeIndices3]
   }]
 ]

[Coordinates, which may vary with orientation, and tetrahedron omitted.]

A: Here is something that seems to work for the tetrahedron. I expect the dodecahedron would work the same way with more code-typing or a list trick (anyone knows how to do that?).
p1 := {x1, y1, z1};
p2 := {x2, y2, z2};
p3 := {x3, y3, z3};
p4 := {x4, y4, z4};
Solve[
    EuclideanDistance[p1, p2] == 1 &&
     EuclideanDistance[p1, p3] == 1 &&
     EuclideanDistance[p1, p4] == 1 &&
     EuclideanDistance[p2, p3] == 1 &&
     EuclideanDistance[p2, p4] == 1 &&
     EuclideanDistance[p3, p4] == 1 &&
     x1 == 0 && y1 == 0 && z1 == 0 &&
     x2 == 0 && y2 == 0 && z2 == 1 &&
     x3 == 0,
    {x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, x3, y3, z3, x4, y4, z4}, Reals] // Last;
tetra = Partition[{x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, x3, y3, z3, x4, y4,
    z4} /. %, 3]

Output :
{{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {0, Sqrt[3]/2, 1/2}, {Sqrt[2/3], 1/(2 Sqrt[3]),
   1/2}}

A: LinearProgramming[#,
{{1,1,1},{1,0,0},{0,1,0},{0,0,1}},
{{1,-1},{1,-1},{1,-1},{1,-1}},{0,0,0}]&/@{{-1,0,0},{0,-1,0},{0,0,-1},{1,1,1}}

As you want exact output, and not numeric output, you could use LinearProgramming. This function returns rational output for rational input. You just need the parametrization of the faces/facets that define your tetrahedron and the correct objective functions, one per node. You could now do the same for your dodecahedron example, or any polytope, for that matter -- including regular tetrahedra, simplices, and platonic solids or whatever else.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package st.redline.core;

public class InMemorySourceFile extends SourceFile {

    private static final String NAME_HINT = "\"@:";
    private final String contents;

    public InMemorySourceFile(String contents) {
        super(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
        this.contents = contents;
    }

    public String contents() {
        return contents;
    }

    public String shortName() {
        if (contents.startsWith(NAME_HINT))
            return shortNameFromEmbeddedHint();
        return "S" + contents.hashCode();
    }

    private String shortNameFromEmbeddedHint() {
        String name = embeddedName();
        return name.substring(name.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
    }

    public String packageName() {
        if (contents.startsWith(NAME_HINT))
            return packageNameFromEmbeddedHint();
        return "evaled";
    }

    private String packageNameFromEmbeddedHint() {
        String name = embeddedName();
        return name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('.'));
    }

    private String embeddedName() {
        return contents().substring(3, contents.indexOf("\"", 3)).trim();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Library and Archives Canada Blog
Census of 1861 now available online
Posted on August 2, 2013 by Library and Archives Canada Blog
Library and Archives Canada is pleased to announce that the Census of 1861 is now available online. Information was collected for people living in Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.
Canadians can search this new database by nominal information, such as the surname, given name(s) and age of an individual, as well as by geographical information such as district and sub-district names.
This entry was posted in Census, Genealogy & Family History, What's New at LAC? and tagged 1861, Canada East, Canada West, Census Records, Genealogy and Family History, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island by Library and Archives Canada Blog. Bookmark the permalink.
5 thoughts on "Census of 1861 now available online"
Elizabeth Vincent on August 2, 2013 at 11:18 am said:
Every week a new set of census data made available! But nothing about the 1921 Census of Canada. The microfilm should have been available to researchers two months ago. Where is it? We now know, but not from LAC, that the images, a geographic index and documentation were ready over a half dozen years ago and that this material has been held by LAC for several months. Would whoever is responsible for the delay in releasing this material please stand up and take a bow!
Elizabeth Vincent on August 9, 2013 at 4:56 pm said:
I posted this comment on Friday, 2 August. It is still (Friday, 9 August) "awaiting moderation." The 1921 Census has been made available online on Ancestry.ca, not on the LAC website. No word on the microfilm, and nothing has been said about this on the blog.
Pat on August 2, 2013 at 12:38 pm said:
Hear, hear! Good on you Archives Canada – better late than never.
jack Green on July 17, 2016 at 12:46 pm said:
your database is terrible for people looking to see for themselves the 1861 census. As a researcher I know the mistakes that have been made by people with no knowledge of the names of the people in the area the census is from for people that do not know they will accept any info given to them. a vary bad idea not letting us see for our self the actual census as written.
Library and Archives Canada Blog on July 18, 2016 at 2:34 pm said:
Hello Mr. Green – thank you for your comment. Somebody from reference services will be following up by email to clarify your comments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hospitals offering COVID vaccines for children
By Michael L. Johnson on	 November 11, 2021 Covid News
It has been a week since final clearance was given to children aged 5 to 11 to receive the COVID vaccine. The Biden administration says about 900,000 children have been vaccinated. Many parents are now wondering where can they go to get their children immunized.
Owensboro Health and Owensboro Health Muhlenberg are now scheduling immunization appointments for children ages 5 to 11. It will be offered on certain Tuesdays starting November 16 from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. Appointments are required and can be made at OwensboroHealth.org/Vaccine, in MyChart, or by calling (270) 685-7100, option 6.
The deaconess began administering the vaccines to children aged 5 to 11 last Friday. As of Wednesday, they had administered 4,200 COVID-19 vaccines to children 17 and under. You can make an appointment at deaconess.com/Coronavirus/COVID-19-Vaccine-and-Booster-Scheduling.
There will be a COVID vaccination clinic for children ages 5 to 11 in Webster County on November 16. It will be at the Webster County Health Department from 3 pm to 5:30 pm Call (270) 639-9315 to make an appointment.
Walgreens also offers the vaccine to children aged 5 to 11. This is not a complete list of places where children in this age group can get the COVID vaccine.
140,000 children have lost a caregiver to Covid
COVID vaccine or natural infection: who protects you best?
Russia Covid: Moscow Announces New Lockdown As Coronavirus Crisis Worsens
Live COVID-19 Updates: Pfizer Vaccine Highly Effective in Children 5-11 Years
COVID Live Updates: All coronavirus news from across Australia


text:
The 1967 Preakness Stakes was the 92nd running of the $200,000 Preakness Stakes thoroughbred horse race. The race took place on May 20, 1967, and was televised in the United States on the CBS television network. Damascus, who was jockeyed by Bill Shoemaker, won the race by two and one quarter lengths over runner-up In Reality. Approximate post time was 5:31 p.m. Eastern Time. The race was run on a fast track in a final time of 1:55-1/5. The Maryland Jockey Club reported total attendance of 38,371, this is recorded as second highest on the list of American thoroughbred racing top attended events for North America in 1967.

Payout

The 92nd Preakness Stakes Payout Schedule

The full chart

 Winning Breeder: Edith W. Bancroft; (KY)
 Winning Time: 1:55 1/5
 Track Condition: Fast
 Total Attendance: 38,371

References

External links

1967
1967 in horse racing
1967 in American sports
1967 in sports in Maryland
Horse races in Maryland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a very cute small blush purse! Will hold phone, lipstick, ID, and sunglasses.
This purse exceeded my expectations. The material is very nice and soft.
I purchased this handbag as a gift for a friend who is not even 5' tall. I thought it was lovely and so did she.
This is the perfect size for me! I love huge purses but I needed something smaller for school to carry the things that don't fit in my laptop bag.


text:
Crazy: First Official 2D Trailer for Jackass 3D Arrives Online!
Source: Cinema Blend
And they're off! The first official (non-3D) trailer for Jackass 3D, the third movie from the crazy Jackass crew, has arrived online (embed courtesy of Cinema Blend). I'm not really the biggest fan of these guys or this show anymore, but I've got to say, this looks pretty damn fun. I personally won't be seeing it in 3D just because I feel like that's definitely a gimmick in this. I don't know how, but these Jackass movies continue to make money in theaters and I'm sure this one will be a giant hit as well. I'd love to sit behind a jet plane in a lounge chair (kidding, but that does look fun). Check it out and don't worry, it's a green band trailer.
Watch the first official trailer for MTV's Jackass 3D:
Jackass 3D is the third installment in the wild and crazy real-world adventures of Johnny Knoxville, Bam Margera, Steve-O, Chris Pontius, Ryan Dunn, Ehren McGhehey, Dave England, Preston Lacy and Wee-Man. The movie was directed by Jeff Tremaine, of all the previous Jackass movies previously as well as episodes of "Wildboyz" and "Nitro Circus" on TV. Jackass member Preston Lacy is credited as the writer. Paramount will be bringing Jackass 3D to both 2D and 3D theaters starting on October 15th this fall. I'm not really a fan of these guys anymore, but I'm sure the theaters will still be full. Anyone seeing this? And in 2D or 3D?
Find more posts: Opinions, To Watch, Trailer
Not gonna lie, I was a huge fan of Jackass back in the day. That being said, I'm hoping they can pull this one off without making it look like the same stuff they've done before. That big hand slap looks like it's just the same as the one at the beginning of Number Two where they make a sign that they have to read and the text gets really small so they have to look closer and then they get punched in the face.
notalent on Aug 5, 2010
THE HAND! haha
Jason McGuire on Aug 5, 2010
I don't care if it's essentially the same thing over and over again, I'm going to go see this. It's been a while. I think we could all use a huge chuckle right about now.
Brian on Aug 5, 2010
I grew up on these guys and there stupid shenanigans really did bring my close friends and i together (come on everyone tried to mimic the jackass crew). so ill be there at midnight, drunk and laughing my ass off with my ol buddies!
DoomCanoe on Aug 5, 2010
I actually laughed at the High 5. The trailer is probably enough Jackass for the next decade for me though.
Crapola on Aug 6, 2010
Ha, I'm in.
Xerxex on Aug 6, 2010
Well Im in, Basically everything DoomCanoe said applies for me.
Cody w on Aug 6, 2010
Gotta agree with both notalent (#1) and Crapola (#5) and although the hand slap is the same gimmick from the 2nd movie AND the airbag door bell (from the show I think), it is the only gag/stunt in the trailer I laughed at (hard, man that was funny). I do think it's more of a revenge for Wee Man (falling off a chair to read the sign in 2nd movie) and Dave (who got f'd up by that airbag doorbell). Oh and @Alex, the 2nd movie made money because it was absolutely hilarious. One of the funniest films ever, hands down (pun intended). Everyone was tired of them by then but they knocked it out of the park. Even if 3 is just a moderate success we should see a four, hopefully with the Jackass crew competing against the Nitro Circus gang.
Akirakorn on Aug 6, 2010
High Five!!
Neeyon on Aug 6, 2010
Oh yeah. I'll be going to see this. Have both of the other two movies and the series on DVD. Hopefully it'll still hold up.
C Dent on Aug 6, 2010
Yea I used to love these guys so it'll be interesting to see what they can pull off now that they've aged a bit. That hand at the end made me laugh for sure.
peloquin on Aug 6, 2010
HAHAHAAHHHHHAAA That Hand was the BEST...oh man cant wait!
Brandon on Aug 6, 2010
What Xerxex said.
lamar on Aug 6, 2010
That hand. Lol, my word, that was wonderful. I love these guys. Always have, always will. I do not hold these movies on the same tier as other movies. The Jackass movies are pure entertainment. You know EXACTLY what to expect going into one.
Cracky on Aug 8, 2010
I watched that trailer five times and laughed. Those are some funny idiots and I will pay the extra for the 3-D gimmick. I don't care, they crack me up and make me want to puke and I don't knnow why I like that but I do. That hand was flippin awesome!
Eric on Aug 9, 2010
They cut down the poor tree for no GD'reason! F' them and this movie... The end part was pretty funny...
Ellsworth on Aug 9, 2010
DoomCanoe and Cody W, Care to share some crazy pranks you and your friends did? There's a Jackass 3D Prank Contest where you submit a prank idea and if you win, get flown out to LA to shoot it with Johnny Knoxville and the crew! 3D is awesome but how sick would it be to do it in real life with the boys.
Tom Wolfe on Aug 18, 2010
^Oops forgot to include the link for the Jackass 3D Prank Contest: http://wonderhowto.com/jackass/
For those who missed the new clip of Jackass 3D before the VMAs, here it is: http://bit.ly/cKfr4Q
rogue on Sep 17, 2010


text:
Tagged: cultural divide
Living in the City: the Great Divide
As I walked the dog through my neighborhood the other morning, I was reminded of a thought provoking article about the cultural divide in America I read a few weeks ago in the Wall Street Journal. The basic idea of the article is that the upper and lower middle classes in America have become severely divided since 1960, not merely economically but also culturally. He outlines the changes, then tells how he thinks we can come together again as a country.
As is sometimes the case, the comments are almost more interesting than the article itself.
The article made me think about where I've lived through the years. Right now we live in East Dallas, on a street I would call "transitional." Our house was built in 1926, and while the neighborhood a few streets to the north is more established, with expensive Tudor style homes and predominantly white upper middle class homeowners, most of the houses on our street are owned by a mix of Hispanic families who have been in the neighborhood for decades, childless young white couples, families who send their children either to private schools or the neighborhood Blue Ribbon PK-3 school, and senior citizens who struggle with living alone and maintaining their homes. We are surrounded by a trendy restaurant revitalization zone, live less than three miles from White Rock Lake and two small neighborhood parks, and have two natural grocers (soon three) within a half mile radius of our home.
A few blocks to the south and west of our street, in the neighborhood where I taught for 20 years, the population is mostly poor, either new to the country or first generation American, with a smattering of black and white families. Half a mile to the south is Swiss Avenue, a long boulevard of beautiful turn of the century mansions, which is surrounded by dilapidated mid-century apartments sheltering mostly poor immigrants from Mexico and Central America. Just down the street is Lakewood, an exclusive mixture of historic million dollar homes and smaller ranch style abodes, and a mile or so in the other direction is our city within a city, Highland Park, home of billionaires, CEO's, football stars, politicians, the 1%, and gargantuan homes (the new TV show GCB is based on this über-rich enclave).
It's a very diverse area, and that's why we love living here.
So why do we separate ourselves into cities and suburbs?
Many of my friends probably think our neighborhood is unsafe, but to me there's a difference between poverty and danger. There are invisible lines I don't cross when I run in the neighborhood. Certain streets and certain times of day are off limits, and I run by feel, always aware of what's going on around me. I usually run with one of the dogs. I would probably do the same if I lived in the suburbs.
Even though I live only a few blocks from the school where I taught, a lot of my students came from an entirely different world, one inhabited by poverty, abuse, incarceration, drugs, and abandonment. Some were neighbors, but most lived a few blocks west where the neighborhood gets a lot rougher, on the other side of those invisible lines I never crossed on my runs. I'm always amazed at how much difference a few city blocks can make in the lives of people. Teaching those kids taught me so much about another side of life that most people never see–and never want to see. It was depressing and overwhelming at times to see up close the daily struggles some families go through to survive.
I've seen many young couples come and go from our area through the years, and it's almost always the same story: live in the city while you're single, get married and buy a starter home in a trendy area, then sell and move out to the suburbs when the first child comes along. I moved out to the suburbs for a few years when my kids were young, too, but I didn't like it. I thought the schools would be better (they weren't), and the long commute took away both time and sanity. This particular suburb wasn't for me and the daily drive to and from work was the most stressful time in my life. Ever.
Even though I live close to the heart of the city, I'm more isolated than my friends who live in the suburbs. They live in two worlds, driving in for work, entertainment, and sports, then driving back out to their homes, schools, and communities. I'm in awe of the dedication of my friends who get up an hour earlier than I do each Saturday morning to drive into town for our group runs, as if it's no big deal to drive so far so early to meet friends for a run. I have to be dragged onto the freeway kicking and screaming, and if I leave the the city limits it's usually on an airplane or an empty 4:00 a.m. highway headed west on a long road trip.
Many of my friends have said they moved to the suburbs because they think it's the safest place for their children. I don't know what the statistics are, but I can say I've had more friends whose children have struggled with drugs in the suburbs and small towns than in the city. Serious drugs, too, like heroin and meth. I don't know why that is, and I know it could happen in the city just as well as the suburbs.
I sometimes wonder if we're looking for a small town feel when we move to the suburbs. My neighborhood feels like a small community, and I could easily get by without a car during the day, but I also have to admit there are days when I want to escape all the concrete. That's mostly a yearning for solitude and the outdoors, and not for a smaller town–though I do have days when I want to chuck it all and go homestead in Montana.
We moved back to the city when the kids were in elementary school. I taught in the district and wanted to support public education. We were one of the cool, progressive families who chose to live in the city and attend our neighborhood school. The principal was wonderful, the teachers were great, and the only difference I noticed between the suburban school and the city school was the faces of my children's friends. The school was diverse, but not so much so that my kids stood out.
Maybe we choose to live where things feel most safe and familiar. I grew up in a working middle class, racially diverse part of town, and that's where I fit in best.
My mom and dad moved to Dallas from a small town in Oklahoma because they wanted a better life. They settled in Oak Cliff, an area on the other side of the Trinity River that used to be its own small town. Originally founded in the mid 1800's as a utopian colony called La Reunion by a group of Swiss French immigrants, I can only imagine what a shock Texas must have been for them.
Oliver Stone shot much of Born on the Fourth of July in my childhood neighborhood and school because of its 1960's small town look. We had everything we needed in Oak Cliff and only crossed the river to buy beer or go for a Sunday drive around town. If you couldn't find what you needed at Wynnewood Village, the large shopping center behind our house, you could certainly find it at Sears on Jefferson Blvd, which was our main street. There were parades and fireworks and picnics, and we were proud to say we lived in Oak Cliff. Dallas was across the river.
In sixth grade, my friends inexplicably started moving away, one by one, out to the southern suburbs in their "white flight" exodus. We stuck it out. We had, after all, the best views of downtown Dallas.
Junior high was much more diverse than my mostly white elementary school, and there were occasional conflicts, but we all got along for the most part. For high school, I drove across town to a new magnet school and my world expanded. Busing was in full force, and for the first time in my life I had black, Asian, and Jewish classmates. Some of my friends came from much nicer neighborhoods than my own, and some lived in parts of town I would never be allowed to visit. I learned to drive, and suddenly the city became exciting. I discovered parts of town I had never known. Just as I was starting to discover the rest of the city and my own freedom, I left home, taking a little piece of La Reunion/Oak Cliff across the ocean back to Switzerland.
Back in the States, on our long summer road trips out west to escape city life and immerse ourselves in national parks, it's somewhat depressing to view the cities and towns we pass on the freeway. Each one has the same bland look of limestone apartments and fast food joints. So many of the suburbs look identically generic and have exactly the same assortment of restaurants, stores, and billboards. The only differences between the towns are the older town squares, which have sometimes been preserved to reflect a lost time of community. Texas, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana are very different places, but you wouldn't know it by looking at some of the towns and cities. If you take away the natural scenery, the sprawl looks the same wherever you are.
That's why I love older cities like Chicago, Boston, San Francisco, and New York. You can feel the history and the lives of those who lived there long ago. Those are real cities to me. You can feel the soul of the city.
I've never had that same feeling in a suburb. Maybe Oak Cliff was a little like a suburb, because we always felt apart from Dallas, but it really always felt more like a small town. East Dallas, where I live now, feels a lot like the Oak Cliff of the 1960's and 1970's. It feels familiar.
I suppose that's why I prefer living in a city. I like the tumult. I like a little chaos and imperfection. I like differences. I like the history and the stories the buildings and houses tell us. I know living in a suburb has its advantages and can be a wonderful place to live, but my heart truly belongs in the city.
Written by Mind Margins 12 Comments Posted in Childhood, Life Tagged with cultural divide, Dallas, living in the city, living in the suburbs, Oak Cliff, poverty, Switzerland, Texas, urban living


The objective of this paper is to trace the evolution of the resource concept in modern Japan by highlighting key individuals who played major roles in communicating this idea to a wider audience during its formation and development between the 1910s and 1950s. Special attention will be paid to the effect of different historical contexts on interpretations of the term "resource". The paper reveals how the integration of knowledge indispensable for achieving sustainability occurs. The orientation of resource policy was drastically different before and after World War II. In the pre-war period, the military government used the resource concept to create a comprehensive inventory of the nation's military forces, and "resource" was thus a convenient term to neutralize the aggressive connotations of top-down military mobilization. After the turn to democratic principles in 1945, "resource" suddenly acquired a symbolic meaning as a means to serve the people. Despite these contrasts, however, pre and post-war resource concepts share a commonality in that the government acted as the centralizing force, providing a platform to integrate disparate knowledge under the resource concept. At a time when society itself is more prone to fragmentation, the resource concept, which played a significant role in unification in the past, should be re-examined. The history of the concept in Japan, particularly during the pre and post-war period up until the 1950s, contains a wealth of insights as to how this can be achieved.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Workshop on Crossing Borders in Sustainability Development held at The University of Tokyo on February 4, 2006. I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by MEXT through Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, as a part of the flagship project for "Development of the Philosophy of Sustainability Science" undertaken by the University of Tokyo.
This paper has two main objectives. The first is to trace the evolution of the resource concept in modern Japan by highlighting key individuals who played major roles in communicating this idea to a wider audience during its formation and development between the 1910s and 1950s.1 Unlike Western countries where "resource" has been in use since the late nineteenth century, the Japanese equivalent shigen has been used publicly only since the 1920s. This paper will pay special attention to the effect of different historical contexts on interpretations of the term "resource". The second objective is reveal how the integration of knowledge that is indispensable for achieving sustainability occurs. There were strong forces and mechanisms that integrated resource policies up to the 1950s; however, these legacies have been almost completely forgotten, especially since the rise of environmental movements in the 1970s.
As Japan has long portrayed itself as a "resource-poor" nation, it is interesting to examine the emergence and stabilization of the resource concept with its associated subtexts. In the current era when knowledge specialization is encouraged, "resource" is an appropriate concept to revisit because it facilitates a unified understanding of the various components of natural systems (water, land, forests, minerals, etc.) as an interconnected entity. Furthermore, the act of defining a resource from other potentially beneficial natural phenomena provides insight into the state of human relationships with the natural world. The resource concept thus opens up a common frame of reference for both natural and social scientists.
There are three specific reasons why an investigation into the resource concept is meaningful. First, knowledge of the formative and diffusive processes of an important concept is inherently valuable from a social science viewpoint. Such concepts may also induce policymakers to favor certain ways of defining various "problems" while validating particular actions as relevant for solving them. In other words, concepts influence perceptions of current issues facing modern societies. However, such concepts are never independent from the wider context in which they operate. Since the invention of the resource concept in Japan almost a century ago, public attention to resource issues has fluctuated substantially, both quantitatively (in terms of published documents) and qualitatively (in terms of the context in which the word "resource" is used). These changes reflect the contextual nature of the concept, and thus must be explained by the surrounding social, economic, and political circumstances.
The second reason for this investigation is to help fill a gap that exists in the current environmental studies in Japan that emerged in the 1970s, including environmental sociology, economics, policy, and law. Various modes of academic inquiry regarding natural resources and the environment were formulated primarily as a response to increasingly severe pollution problems (kogai) that occurred as a consequence of rapid industrialization in the 1950s and 1960s, and little attention was paid to the choice of resources that produced those side effects. Although natural and social sciences related to agriculture, forestry, and fisheries addressed resource concepts, these were still regarded as separate fields of investigation; thus little interdisciplinary communication occurred.
The third reason for this investigation is that there is a wealth of ideas in history yet to be utilized on how to integrate knowledge for the purpose of problem solving. Re-examining the advantages of the interdisciplinary approach used previously in resource studies will shed light on the present effort to integrate various sciences in solving the problems of sustainability and environmental damage. Since the idea of a "resource" by definition lies between the realms of natural and social science, resource policies also require the integration of both types of knowledge. In Japan, serious attempts at "integration" occurred in the wake of World War II, as the loss of overseas colonies forced the country to focus almost entirely on the domestic procurement of resources to sustain its population.
Awareness of the resource concept can be most easily quantified from increases in the number of resource-related publications. Figure 1 shows the number of resource-related works published since the 1920s, when the term "resource" (shigen) was first introduced to a wider audience. The data were collected from the library archives of The University of Tokyo, one of the largest collections in Japan, particularly strong in pre-war collections. Books and reports were found using a keyword search; the data do not include journal articles.
From this figure, the beginnings of an increasing trend in publications can be seen in the early 1920s, and the trend continues until the end of World War II in 1945. A small peak is evident in the late 1950s and a large peak in the early 1970s. Since the mid-1980s, there has been a consistent increase until the present time. What types of social, political, and economic contexts brought about these changes in each period? What kind of qualitative trends can be seen over these years? These questions will provide a starting point for the examination of the concept of "resources".
Resource-related publications of the 1920s primarily focused on Russia, Chinese Manchuria, and the Japanese prefecture of Hokkaido, where many untapped resources were identified for potential exploitation. Most of these studies were carried out by military or military-related research institutes, for example the Research Bureau of the Southern Manchurian Railways Company. From the 1930s on, the scope of the publications expanded to include Southeast Asia and the Pacific region (collectively known as nanyo) as realistic targets for supplying raw materials.
The sharp decline in the number of publications from 1946 to 1950 is not a reflection of a decline in public interest but of a general decline in the publishing industry as a whole due to war damages. As we shall see later, "people-oriented" resource policies were in fact a topic of intense debate in the Japanese government under the supervision of the General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers (SCAP) until 1952. During the first post-war peak in the 1950s, resource-related publication topics focused on economic recovery, food supply, and flood prevention. A second peak occurred in the 1970s, when Japan had already joined the ranks of the global economic powers, reflecting a national interest in energy supplies, which then expanded into the global environmental movement in the latter half of the 1980s. Key concepts of the 1980s were "environmental conservation", "resource management", and "human resources", demonstrating the gradual expansion of the ideas covered by the resource concept.
Since the 1980s, there has been a consistent increase in public awareness in Japan of resource-related issues. The reason behind this growing attention is not necessarily an interest in resources per se, but concern over environmental issues, particularly those related to recycling and waste management. Additionally, "soft" elements such as information and national image are increasingly regarded as a resource by the Japanese government (Resource Research Council 1998). More recently, resource-related conflicts in the South China Sea and aggressive resource diplomacy by China have also helped attract public attention to this topic.
There have also been periodic efforts to systematize knowledge related to resources as an applied academic field. Although new fields, for example "national raw material science" (Tanaka 1928), "resource administration" (Sakata 1954), and "international resource studies" (Fukami 1972) have been proposed in the past, these periodic increases in interest were sporadic and never became a successful, coordinated movement. As expected, the most intense debates on resources in Japan seem to occur during periods of severe resource shortages.
For Western-language-to-Japanese dictionaries, a survey of 45 major French–Japanese, German–Japanese, and English–Japanese dictionaries published from 1867 to 19586 reveals that "resource" was first translated as shigen in 1915 in an English–Japanese dictionary, after which it gradually spread to other language dictionaries, as shown in Table 1.
The above table also indicates that the term was introduced in foreign-language dictionaries more quickly than in Japanese dictionaries and encyclopedias.
capability in adapting means to ends, or in meeting difficulties.
Most dictionaries in Japan published before 1930 listed definitions included in the OED. However, there was no appropriate term to indicate a "collective means possessed by any country for its own support or defense" (OED, 1b.).
the development of the conservation concept from an ecological perspective.
These developments were commonly derived from an increasing awareness of the finiteness of resources.
One source of the development of the resource concept was the planning section of the Japanese army that closely observed the development of World War I in Europe. These military observers concluded that a crucial aspect of modern war was not only combat capacity at the front lines, but also the supply of raw materials to back them up. The army started to use the term shigen towards the end of World War I (ca 1918) to emphasize the material basis for conducting a modern "sustainable" war. The first book that used shigen in its title was Resources for Imperial National Defense (Teikoku Kokubo Shigen) by Kuniaki Koiso, an Army major and later Prime Minister of Japan (1944). In his diary, Koiso states that his concept of "resources" was mainly influenced by the actions of Germany and other Western nations in developing a centralized system of raw material supply and distribution for war.7 The Japanese military was equally keen on following this trend to re-evaluate the possibility of drawing on human and non-human potential in the private sector for combat purposes.
This awareness resulted in a push for nationwide research on the capacities of private factories that produced potentially useful goods for supporting the military. In addition, it led to the establishment of laws like the Resource Research Law (Shigen Chosa Ho) of 1929, which permitted the government confiscation of goods and productive facilities in the event of a national emergency.
The term fugen, literally translated as "natural wealth", was often used before World War I to describe the untapped profit potential of the natural world. Shigen, the present translation for the term "resource", was introduced to indicate a wider array of means, including the military power and economic strength of a nation, than merely the profit that is extracted from natural sources. Although shigen began to appear often in army magazines and publications around the early 1920s, the use of the term was still relatively limited and was often used interchangeably with fugen.
The dramatic spread of the resource concept with a clear direction for its meaning had to wait until a government official, Haruo Matsui,8 who played major role in creating the Resource Bureau (Shigenkyoku) in 1927 as a key planning agency housed in the Cabinet Office. Matsui was greatly inspired by the leadership of US President Theodore Roosevelt in conservation and conservation-related movements, and widely publicized the resource concept in Japan.
Matsui also introduced the idea of hoiku (nurturing) as his own translation for the English term "conservation", stating that "in a resource-rich country like the US, sustaining what they already have through conservation may be enough, but in Japan, which is a country with poor natural resources, there is a need for some element of resource development in addition to conservation. This is why I prefer to use the term hoiku". (Matsui 1975, p. 36; author's translation) Unfortunately, his idea was skewed towards military objectives and was thus overshadowed by the general mobilization movement that began in the 1930s and eventually led the nation into World War II.9 It is important to note that Matsui's main interest was in comprehensive national planning to integrate both the natural environment and human capacities, not the conservation of natural resources itself. A different line of investigation is therefore required to fully identify aspects of the resource concept that stem from an interest in conservation.
As Japan endeavored to reach the level of modernization of Europe and the United States, the government predictably placed a heavy emphasis on short-term production rather than long-term conservation of the nation's natural assets. However, a failure to influence government policy did not mean there was a general denial of the significance of the conservation concept. The preservation of the natural "landscape" became an issue addressed by private individuals and scholars instead of policymakers (see footnote 10).
This alternative way of thinking came to fruition in around 1919 with scholars and commentators observing the rapid degradation of the rural Japanese landscape, an inevitable side-effect of modern infrastructure development. The "preservation of resources" first became a topic of discussion in the House of Peers in 1919, when members Takio Izawa and Kyoshiro Inoue questioned Prime Minister Kei Hara on national policy towards the preservation of resources (House of Peers 1982, p. 71).
Izawa was not only talking about trees; by introducing the generic term "resources" he was referring to the foundation of economic development in general.
This was in fact the first occasion that the term "resources" appeared in a national policy discussion in Japan; Hara responded by denying the need to introduce conservation measures, arguing that human ingenuity can find technical alternatives even when certain resources are physically exhausted. As we can see, the deep philosophical divide between techno-centric optimists and eco-centric pessimists that persists today has its origin far back in history.
Sasagawa's contribution to the resource concept was not limited to his introduction of the conservation idea to the general public through his translation work. Although it only gained widespread public attention 50 years later, he described a concept (fuko) that was very close to the modern idea of "the environment".
Sasagawa's ideas on conservation seem to have appeared too early to enter the mainstream of policy debate. The concept and appreciation of "landscape" and its connection with nationalism were apparent in the late nineteenth century, yet policy discussions on how to conserve this landscape were absent at the time.10 The dominant policy in the early twentieth century was still to discover, extract, and utilize resources for strengthening the military capacity of the nation. In sum, the resource concept was brought about by awareness of the "finiteness" and shortage of means, notions that were both attached to national, not local, interests. Although we find the seeds of interdisciplinary principles in the resource concept of these pre-war policies, the full flowering of the idea had to wait until the end of World War II.
One of the most repeated and most effective instruments used in the psychological warfare was the "have not" campaign conducted by the Fascist powers before and during the last war. Japan, like Germany, presented itself as a poor but deserving nation intent only upon getting enough to keep its growing population alive (Ackerman 1948, p. 32).
Post-war Japanese interest in resources started with the issue of food security. Starvation was a serious concern for the government, which feared massive anti-government movements resulting from food shortages. During this period the Economic Stabilization Bureau (later the Economic Planning Agency) was established primarily to address the food security issue and other areas of direct relevance to the livelihoods of people (i.e. energy, water, and land). It is ironic that the first institution to comprehensively address the resource situation in Japan was an American organization, the Natural Resources Section established within the General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers that governed Japan until 1952.
Defeat in World War II and the subsequent establishment of the GHQ had a substantial impact on Japan's post-war resource ideas and policies. Ackerman, for example, introduced the idea of "integrated planning" to Japanese bureaucrats who were eager to learn democratic methods of resource governance.12 Ackerman also advised the creation of a governmental Resource Committee; this would play an important role in implementing the idea of "resources as one" as exemplified by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which tried to integrate all dimensions of water, infrastructure, employment, and electricity supply into a unified policy.
From 1950, the Korean War unexpectedly boosted the Japanese economy, and the country gradually regained its industrial capacity; with this development came a second wave of interest in natural resources. Consequently, following the recovery of economic capacity and the end of the US occupation, publications and studies addressed the future vision of the nation, and grand designs for development became the focus of discussion during this period.
In reviewing the shorthand minutes available from meetings of the Resource Committee since 1951, it is not difficult to detect the complete absence of "democracy", the central concept infused into all aspects of post-war governance in Japan, in resource-related policymaking. Two factors in the establishment of the Resource Committee may explain this absence. First, Ackerman did not want Japan to suffer from the political struggles over control of the direction of resource policy that had plagued the US, where the original mission of the committee to provide technical expertise was lost amid political manipulation. Therefore the Japanese version of the Resource Committee deliberately limited its mission to purely technical and scientific concerns (Ohkita 1949). Second, the need to clarify its bureaucratic turf was also a factor, as ministries and committees related to national planning already existed. To justify its existence, the Resource Committee had to carefully limit its mandate to scientific research and technical advice on cross-ministerial issues.
Appeals to science and technology, or the study of "things", are inherently accompanied by the risk of compartmentalization of work according to the technology available in the respective disciplines. Thus, the performance of the Resource Committee must be evaluated in terms of the exact manner in which an integrated approach to resource governance was achieved. Upon its initiation in 1947 the Committee started out with four technical subcommittees on water, land, energy, and minerals. These areas were selected on the basis of the urgency of the problems faced by the general population in various locations across Japan.
This ideal method of integrated planning was initiated when the Resource Committee created the Regional Planning Subcommittee (Chiiki Keikaku Bukai) in October 1948. This subcommittee was responsible for the actual application in the field of the policies and decisions generated by more technical subcommittees. The decisions surrounding the creation of this group are also of interest. According to the minutes of a meeting held on May 10, 1948, Shunichi Uchida, the Committee Chairman, raised this question: "If we leave the subcommittees as they are, they will go in each direction without any coordination. How can we coordinate them towards a common objective?" Ukichiro Nakaya, a committee member, then suggested: "Let us target the region and problems first and then organize water, energy, and land issues surrounding those problems." (Regional Planning Subcommittee of the Resource Research Council 1952, p. 3; author's translation). Thus, the Resource Committee attempted to situate a major organizing force in the field to act as a centralizing force for knowledge integration.
Except for the first few years of the post-war era, when "human" was deliberately excluded from the definition of resources, there has been a general trend of expansion of the resource concept in Japan. Particularly after the 1980s, the resource concept expanded to include "soft" dimensions, for example the ability to utilize information or influence other countries through cultural-political means (Resource Research Council 1998). However, a rapid comeback of traditional ministries wanting to defend their own turfs overshadowed the rold of cross-ministerial Resource Council, and the unifying force of the resource concept faded away.
What are the lessons that emerge from this half-century of resource policy debate in Japan? As shown in this paper, the orientation of resource policy was drastically different before and after World War II. In the pre-war period the military government used the resource concept to create a comprehensive inventory of the nation's military forces, and "resource" was thus a convenient term to neutralize the aggressive connotations of top-down military mobilization. After the radical turn to democratic principles in 1945, "resource" was suddenly assigned a symbolic meaning as a means to serve the people. Despite these radical contrasts, however, pre and post-war resource concepts share a commonality in the sense that the government acted as the centralizing force, providing a platform to integrate disparate knowledge (e.g. on materials, conservation, labor, information) under the resource concept. For various reasons, the integrative effect of the resource concept was the result of necessity rather than academic endeavor or the idealistic pursuite of holistic approach.
As Japan is now wealthy enough to import the various resources it requires, it is appropriate to ask whether the resource concept can be relevant or revitalized in the present context of the globalized economy. The creation of the Resource Committee during the post-war period may provide some hints on this process. The original function of the Resource Committee was not necessarily to develop an integrated field of resource science as such, but to serve instead as a barometer of various resource problems. In other words, the committee functioned as a mechanism to help prioritize issues and to concentrate technological advancement in the areas that were in the greatest need of development from a cross-sector perspective.
In the second edition of the Oxford English Dictionary "resource" is defined as "a stock or reserve upon which one can draw when necessary". The phrase "when necessary" seems to imply that there are times when certain resources are perceived as unnecessary and thus are dismissed. In modern society, goods and services produced for direct human utility are now mainly provided by the state and the market. As the international market has emerged as the key distributive mechanism for desired goods and services, the management of resources that do not produce immediate utility, but instead indirectly serve as an economic foundation, requires systematic and long-term attention; we never know what will become necessary, or when.
Because of the continuing compartmentalization of knowledge, however, analysis of resources has usually meant a study of individual raw materials, for example soil or water. Consequently, despite the expansion of knowledge about the material aspects of resources, such analyses provide little in the way of policy advice on how to use, share, and redistribute resources wisely within a society. Studies of individual materials do not lead to insights into how priorities can be set in policy choices. At a time when society itself is more prone to fragmentation, the resource concept that played a significant role towards unification in the past should be re-examined. The history of the resource concept in Japan, particularly during the pre and post-war period until the 1950s, contains a wealth of insights into how this can be achieved. As the world faces the urgent problem of balancing economic development and environmental conservation, the revitalization of the resource concept to facilitate integration of the two realms could not be more timely.
Shigen sporadically appears in newspapers from ca 1904, and is used almost interchangeably with "financial resources" (zaigen). It was in the 1910s that shigen began to be used in the present sense of "resource".
Percentage share of domestic production of coal, for example, decreased from 76% in 1965 to 20% in 1980 (Energy white paper 2006, http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/topics/hakusho/2006EnergyHTML/html/i1240000.html).
Japan currently imports almost 100% of its oil, 97% of its natural gas, 100% of its copper, 92% of its zinc, and 80% of its timber. Although reliance on oil for energy production has gradually diminished because of the diversification of energy sources, oil still accounts for 50% of total energy consumption (from the JOGMEC home page at http://www.jogmec.go.jp/english/index.html).
Before 1915, terms such as "raw materials" or "natural wealth" were used; however, these terms placed emphasis on material aspects and did not capture the nuances conveyed by "resource".
(1st edition 1915, 2nd edition 1933); none contained the term shigen (resource).
Japanese–Japanese (n = 13), French–Japanese (n = 20), English–Japanese (n = 14) and German–Japanese (n = 12). A complete list of dictionaries can be found in Sato 2007 (unpublished).
Koiso's diary, Katsuzan Koso, was published in 1963; a chapter titled "Resources for National Defense" (Kokubo Shigen) refers to his younger brother who told him about German material on wartime autarky ca 1916.
Haruo Matsui (1891–1966) started out as a staff member of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, which was then regarded as an elite branch of the Japanese government. He soon became director of the Planning and General Affairs Departments of the Resource Bureau, and was promoted to Secretary General of the Bureau in 1936. He also served as the governor of metropolitan Tokyo immediately after World War II.
One of the standard explanations of the causes of the war was Japan's need for natural resources. However, Yasukichi Yasuba provides evidence that the "lack" of resources and the need for external acquisition of these materials were probably fictions created by the military as reasons to invade China and Southeast Asia (Yasuba 1996).
A ground-breaking book on landscape was Shigetaka Shiga's Treatise on Japanese Landscape (Nihon Fukeiron), published in 1894. This book is one example of the backlash against the Western influence on all aspects of Japanese society during the Meiji era.
Ackerman inspired many personal reminiscences despite his short residence in Japan. Saburo Ohkita, who later became the Minister of Foreign Affairs, wrote in his memoirs that he, along with other young bureaucrats, visited Ackerman's office almost every week to discuss resource problems (Ohkita 1949). Also recommended are the recollections of Tohru Ishimitsu, who served as Ackerman's research assistant during his time as a technical advisor to the GHQ (Ishimitsu 1999).
In 1949, the Japanese translation of TVA: Democracy on the March (David Lilienthal) became available; a TVA study group within the government was also appointed to study the impact of this project. The actual application of principles that characterized the TVA was attempted in the Kumano water systems development plan covering Nara and Wakayama Prefectures.
The Resource Research Council still exists, although greatly diminished in size and scope. In 1956, the Resource Bureau, which served as a secretariat to the Council, became the core of the Economic Stabilization Board (Keizai Antei Honbu) in the newly established Science and Technology Agency. In 2001, it was further downgraded to the Resource Section of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports.


New theoretical approaches are required to understand self-organization in biology; theory will drive discovery as it does in the physical sciences. A huge amount of biological data will be generated over the coming years from technological advances, not just in DNA sequencing, proteomics and other 'omics' disciplines, but in imaging of cells and tissues. Understanding biological self-organization may change the way we think about development, cell differentiation and disease pathogenesis.
Through self-organization, a system becomes ordered in space and/or time, often leading to emergent properties that qualitatively differ from those of its individual units.
The reductionist approach — systematically dismantling complex systems to examine individual components — has been successful for the sciences over the past few centuries, from the isolation of the elements in chemistry, the discovery of atomic and subatomic particles in physics, to the purification and study of proteins, DNA and RNA in biology.
Although this reductionist approach in biology will continue, there is increasing interest in determining the properties of systems of interacting biomolecules. How do networks of proteins and genes integrate and respond to signals? How do dynamic organelle structures, such as the mitotic spindle, form? What controls growth and division? How does the genome create an organism? Self-organization is central in these processes1, at various sizes (Fig. 2).
Self-organized systems differ from self-assembled ones as they rely on a continuous input of energy for maintenance and are far from thermal equilibrium. Classical thermodynamics — successful in the physical sciences — does not apply. Instead of self-assembling into the lowest energy state, such as a crystal, energy-dissipating components self-organize into highly complex structures through which there is a constant flux of energy and material.
Established theories, such as those of dynamical systems and control (from physics and engineering) can provide a basis for understanding self-organization in biology; however, the unique properties of biological systems — their multiple components and energy-dissipation mechanisms, and wide ranges in time and space — pose practical and intellectual challenges.
Systems biology is seen as a highly productive approach to solving complex biological problems such as self-organization. Although definitions vary, most agree that systems biology is the application of mathematical and theoretical approaches to understand how the interaction of metabolites, proteins, RNA, genes and cells can lead to often counterintuitive and unexpected systems-level behaviour. Early examples of systems biology include Turing's reaction-diffusion theory of morphogenesis in which spatial patterns emerge from simple molecular rules (Fig. 1), and the voltage-dependent opening of ion channels leading to an all-or-nothing change in the electrical response of nerve cells.
A central concept in systems theory is that positive feedback — mediated by chemical, electrical or mechanical signals — can lead to instabilities and switching, and in turn to spatial and/or temporal patterns or oscillations. Recent models have been developed for the cell cycle, bacterial chemotaxis2, cell differentiation in response to growth factors, and the beating of the heart and of flagella — all self-organized systems3.
Systems biology has also come to mean the modelling of systems at the whole-organism level, informed by new 'omics' technologies. It is now possible to measure protein levels in a small number of cells using mass spectrometry, to quantify gene expression using microarrays and next-generation sequencing, and to use genome-wide RNA-interference screens to accelerate the discovery of genes involved in cellular processes such as membrane trafficking and motility4,5.
The huge data sets generated mean that effective analysis lags behind; but important discoveries show that general principles will be uncovered. For example, within networks of transcription factors, recurring elements (or motifs) occur more often than random, indicating an underlying, self-organizing structure6.
Improvements in sample preparation for electron cryomicroscopy, combined with the rapid increase in the number of solved protein structures, has enabled the construction of atom-scale models of the complex organelles, such as the axoneme7, and the leading edge of a crawling cells. This holds promise for modelling an entire cell at the atomic level — remarkable considering that a bacterium contains 1012 atoms, not counting water.
Thirty years ago, Sulston and Horvitz painstakingly reconstructed the entire cellular development of a nematode worm; what previously took a decade can now be visualized in real time and applied to other species, thanks to new microscope techniques and image-processing algorithms8.
As an alternative to modelling, reconstitution or synthetic biology attempts to recreate complex cellular processes from purified components. Examples include motor and transport systems, membrane fusion, protein-translation machinery, and DNA and RNA synthesis. Recent breakthroughs in reconstituting the cell-division machinery in bacteria9 suggest it might be possible to produce a self-replicating protocell, and perhaps even employ selection strategies to replicate the natural evolution of higher-order capabilities.
Huge amounts of data are anticipated from genomics, proteomics, other omics such as lipidomics and metabolomics, and light and electron microscopy. Handling and interpreting data will require major advances in bioinformatics and bioimformatics (image bioinformatics).
Theory will be needed to make sense of it all. Biological processes are usually analysed by reverse engineering: measuring the individual components to define high-level organizational rules. This is analogous, however, to reconstructing a computer program by measuring the electric signals in individual transistors. New theoretical tools will be needed to bridge multiple scales — from single molecules to complexes, organelles, cells, tissues and organisms.
Understanding biological self-organizing principles might change the way we think of cell differentiation and disease. Programming pluripotent stem cells and reprogramming cancer stem cells might be best achieved using a systems-level approach. For example, it might be possible to perturb and destabilize cancer-regulatory networks selectively by transient pharmacological intervention. Other complex metabolic disorders such as diabetes might also benefit from a strategy in which a 'magic bullet' is replaced by a gradual guidance of metabolic networks back to a healthy stasis.
In the next 10 years, we will be able to 'zoom in and out' of an organism and its cells to see their arrangement and how they got there during development, changing the way we think about cell differentiation and disease.
A key question in biological self-organization is how small molecules control size at the whole-cell level. Recently, scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics have discovered a new mechanism: motor proteins — tiny machines that use ATP as fuel — walk along and pace out the lengths of microtubules. After reaching the end, they collectively depolymerize longer microtubules faster than shorter ones, thereby providing feedback necessary to control length (Varga, V. et al. Cell 138, 1174–1183, 2009).
Self-organization in cell biology: a brief history.
Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9, 255–262 (2008).
Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 38, 217–234 (2009).
Nicastro, D., McIntosh, J. R. & Baumeister, W.
3D structure of eukaryotic flagella in a quiescent state revealed by cryo-electron tomography.
Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15889–15894 (2005).
Spatial regulators for bacterial cell division self-organize into surface waves in vitro.


We've found a new way to decorate our shoe cabinet. It's a moving statue and pen-holder that also doubles as our baby. But it's not a very good pen-holder because it screams whenever you take the pen away so if you give it a pen to hold, you might not get it back.


Telugu Desam Member of Parliament C Ramachandraiah on Thursday reiterated his appeal to Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to protest against the United States-led war against Iraq.
He, however, admitted that he was not sure of the response of the Indian government. "I have sent the letter to the prime minister conveying my feelings on the horrible things that are happening. The attack is outrageous for humanity," he said.
"We being the leaders of spiritualism that we have been preaching to other nations, it is unfortunate that we are keeping silent in the wake of such aggression against Iraq," he added.
Though Ramachandraiah wrote the letter to the PM in his individual capacity, TDP members say the party's views are similar to those of the MP.
The Telugu Desam, which is a key supporter of the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance government, has decried the war on Iraq.
At the all-party meeting convened by Vajpayee, Telugu Desam Parliamentary Party leader K Yerran Naidu said the US attitude of ignoring the United Nations was not correct and the government should take steps in coordination with other countries to stop the war.
In his letter, Ramachandraiah said the US should have had the patience to wait for a consensus on the issue. He said the Americans looked desperate to demonstrate their technological strength in warfare and Iraq was only an excuse.


Philippians 4:13 " I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me."
Jambalaya/Pastalaya cookoff to benefit Paislee's Journey in her fight against Leukemia. Sure to be a great day for a great cause! Come by and buy a couple plates or sign up to cook!


Two student musical groups from Burnsville-Eagan-Savage School District 191 will perform at the 18th annual Winter Lighting Ceremony in Burnsville from 6 to 6:45 p.m. on Wednesday, Nov. 23, in Nicollet Commons Park, 12600 Nicollet Avenue.
The FreeStyle choir from Burnsville High School will perform under the direction of Erik Akervik. Students in the Sioux Trail Elementary School Choir, under the direction of Oluwatoni Adedeji, will also sing.
Complimentary coffee, hot chocolate, cookies, candy canes and hot sandwiches will be provided by area businesses. Colorful LED pins will also be for sale at the event. Proceeds will support the Winter Lighting Event.
This year the Community Foundation is partnering with Thrivent Financial for a Toys for Tots drop-spot. Stop by Burnsville Thrivent (12700 Nicollet Ave., Suite 120-B) with your gift.
The lighting program is sponsored by the non-profit Burnsville Community Foundation with donations from area businesses and residents. For more information, visit www.burnsville.org/winterlighting.


At Highways England, we're responsible for operating, maintaining and improving all 4,300 miles of England's motorways and major A roads.
We are aiming to revolutionise the strategic road network with innovation, design and smart technology and we need forward-thinking people like you to help us to drive this change.
Joining us on one of our apprenticeship programmes will see you support the people, businesses and communities across the country that rely on our road network.
Our apprenticeships give you real responsibility from day one and expose you to the industry experience you need to elevate your career to new levels.


My fingers are itching to write and forcing my chronic fibroid pain to let them do what they love most for the #AtoZChallenge is here and I better do what I am best at. Well the pain isn't bearable but I sure am penning this post because I can't hold it any more. This is only the second time I am writing in March and it feels I haven't breathed normally for a while now because writing is like breathing to me. The odds are just not in my favour and every moment I am enticed to give up on this coveted challenge and sit back and rest but giving up that easily is not me and that too something which has in last two years given me more than I could have asked for ~ my two books, The Fragrance of True Love and Dare to Defy the Destiny. With our shifting to a new abode coinciding with the challenge start date and with offspring at home whole of April for summer vacations, I will need a lot of your coveted push from you my precious clan....as I say always, I owe my everything to you.
So my precious peeps, here I am officially announcing my participation in the Global #AtoZ Challenge for the third consecutive year and I am truly truly proud of it (I am attaching below a small video I did for Blogchatter on the same). Blogchatter is the most wonderful community I have come across in the last two years and I shall forever remain indebted to them for all the support they have rendered in thick and thin.
A million notions are boggling me simultaneously as I pen this Theme Reveal Post for though I have a clear vision after doing two series for the last two Aprils, one non fiction and the other fiction and learning immensely, this year there are a various distractions from my goals.
So finally, this time I wish to sail a different boat and the topic I choose this year is life itself. I call the series 'Some extraordinary Slices of Ordinary Life' in which I shall bring to some tickling and heart-warming and some thought-provoking anecdotes from life.
While you may as well consider it a continuation to my most successful #FoodforThought Series on #TrulyYoursRoma, (probably because that's what I am best at bringing some motivational and some conscience pricking True pieces to you), this A to Z posts shall be the same with a surprise twist you all are most welcome to experience from 1st April. There are umpteen facets of life which I always wanted to capture in my journal and I guess this is the right time and the right way to do it, to pour out buckets of my life experiences and learnings to a global audience and enrich from their experiences too in the process.
Am Indebted To My Mom-Dad Forever!


text:
US-backed broadcaster drops Myanmar channel in dispute
YANGON — US-backed Radio Free Asia has pulled broadcasts from a television channel after the government tried to ban the word "Rohingya" on its shows.
Myanmar labels the persecuted Muslim minority "Bengalis" as it does not recognise the Rohingya as native to the country, and bristles when the word is used in media coverage.
RFA made the decision to stop airing its Burmese broadcasts with local network Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB), which airs on state television.
The move came after the government told DVB that they could not carry content with the word "Rohingya," referring to RFA's coverage.
The president of RFA Ms Libby Liu said complying with Myanmar's order would be "inaccurate and disingenuous to both our product and our audience" in a statement posted online Monday .
"RFA will continue to refer to the Rohingya as the 'Rohingya' in our reports," she said, adding that forbidding the usage was an "Orwellian step".
RFA said it will continue its coverage of Myanmar on radio and social media platforms such as Facebook.
DVB worked in exile during military rule but came back after Myanmar launched political reforms in 2011 that included the abolition of pre-publication censorship.
It was one of a handful of companies recently granted new television licenses by the government and started broadcasting on the state-controlled MRTV channel in April.
U Toe Zaw Latt, Myanmar bureau chief for DVB, said his office had received an official letter from MRTV complaining about the "controversial" word.
"If the government platform doesn't want it, we have to obey," he said, adding that the decision would not affect content carried via satellite or their website.
U Aung Hla Tun, the Deputy Minister for Information, told AFP that news outlets can use whatever house style they want, "but when they use our TV, they have to accept ours".
"As you know, 'Rohingya' is such a controversial term here," he added.
The stateless Rohingya Muslim community has suffered decades of apartheid-like conditions in largely Buddhist Myanmar, which claims they are illegal immigrants from neighbouring Bangladesh.
Some 700,000 Rohingya have fled Myanmar for Bangladesh since last August after a military crackdown in response to attacks on police posts that the US and UN have said amounted to ethnic cleansing.
Both countries have signed a repatriation agreement but Rohingya say they do not want to return en masse unless they are guaranteed safety, citizenship and rights.
News Feed, Features
'I turned on the light and they were all dead': Survivors recount horrors from Rohingya crisis
In an adapted extract from his new book 'Return of the Junta: Why Myanmar's military must go back to the barracks', journalist Oliver Slow reports on his September 2017 trip to the refugee camps in Bangladesh at the height of the Myanmar military's crackdown against the Rohingya.
BY Oliver Slow
How the BURMA Act passed congress
In crowded camps, Rohingya refugees embrace family planning
Rohingya caught dangerously in the middle of Rakhine war


text:
JNU student Najeeb Ahmed seen in Aligarh, claims woman in letter
On November 19, 2016 by Observer News Service
NEW DELHI: Police have initiated a probe into a mysterious letter delivered on November 14 at Mahi-Mandvi hostel, Jawaharlal Nehru University . Sources said that the letter was allegedly written by a woman from Aligarh claiming to have information about the missing MSc student,Najeeb Ahmed .
The letter, addressed to Ahmed, was received by hostel president Azeem, who informed Ahmed's mother Fatima Nafees and handed it over to her. She later gave it to the Crime Branch.
In the letter, the woman had written that she had seen Ahmed at a market in Aligarh. He sought her help saying that he had been locked up somewhere and had managed to escape. By the time she could inform anyone, he had left or was probably taken away by some people. She had also mentioned an address where she could be contacted.
When officers of the Crime Branch went to the address, no one could be found. The letter did not mention anything about a ransom nor the place where Ahmed had been locked up.
The courier agency that delivered the letter will be asked by the police to give the location from where it was dispatched and the person who had sent it. The letter might also be sent for forensic analysis of the handwriting.
Meanwhile, Jamia Millia University has handed over the CCTV footage of the campus to the police on the day Ahmed reached there after leaving JNU. Police are recreating the sequence of events to establish the probable route Ahmed could have taken after getting off an autorickshaw.


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Members of Feral Crust, a small DIY ecologically-minded anarchist collective in the mountains of Marilog Davao (Southern Mindanao), Philippines are developing a rural community based on balance with the surrounding environment and social solidarity. Their community is located in a forest home to wildlife and indigenous people.
They are learning traditional skills necessary for building places to live, making things necessary for daily life away from modern consumer society, practicing permaculture and other methods for obtaining food from their surrounding environment. They are also building a space for skill-sharing, anarchistic learning and teaching and community events.
In the long term, they want to engage in cooperative work with local people—and others further afield—to improve intercultural understanding and solidarity.
The Feral Crust group is seeking donations, even small amounts, to pay for needed items they can't easily make themselves. They also appreciate donations of English language anarchist/anti-authoritarian books and zines, which they intend to share and translate into local languages for distribution.
For more information, visit their blog at feralcrust.noblogs.org or feralcrustproject.wordpress.com; email feralcrust@riseup.net.


text:
By Linda Omare / June 8, 2021
Nigerian Pastor T.B. Joshua Dies Days Before His Birthday
The Synagogue Church Of All Nations has confirmed the death of its founder, the popular "prophet" T.B. Joshua. Nigerian newspaper…
The Synagogue Church Of All Nations has confirmed the death of its founder, the popular "prophet" T.B. Joshua. Nigerian newspaper the Premium Times is reporting that the church says Joshua spoke during the 'Emmanuel TV Partners Meeting' on Saturday. Emmanuel TV is a cable television station owned by the church. The Nation in Kenya is reporting that Joshua died at 2am on Sunday, June 6, 2021, hours after he left the service and went to his house to rest.
"God has taken His servant Prophet TB Joshua home – as it should be by divine will. His last moments on earth were spent in the service of God. This is what he was born for, lived for and died for," the church's statement said. Joshua died just days before his 58th birthday.
Source:allafrica.com


text:
Sport [2]
Business [3]
Lifestyle [4]
North & West Kerry [5]
South Kerry [6]
Tralee [7]
Back to Independent.ie [8]
North & West Kerry
Local Notes
South Kerry
Kerry couple 'lucky to be alive' after horrific crash in Mexican resort of Cancún
Campaign launched to help cover some of the medical costs facing Jonathan and Vanni Carr who were left with multiple, serious injuries after crash at Christmas
Jonathan Carr recovering from the aftermath of the horrific crash in Cancun in which he and his wife Vanni were badly injured.
An image showing Jonathan's leg encased in pins holding his femur together. He will require pins in the leg for the rest of his life.
Donal Nolan
A GoFundMe campaign has been launched to help cover the medical costs of a Kerry couple who received horrific injuries in a crash in the Mexican resort of Cancun in recent weeks.
Jonathan Carr, from Ballybunion, and his Mexican-native wife Vanni, were thrown from the motorbike they were riding on when a car clipped them from behind on a busy three-lane highway just before Christmas.
The couple were catapulted into an adjoining lane where they were struck by another vehicle in the horrific collision.
They suffered multiple, catastrophic injuries with medics initially fearful Vanni would not survive the aftermath of the crash. Mercifully, she emerged from a coma only in the past week, but is struggling with the effects of brain trauma and in need of extensive facial reconstruction surgery in the weeks and months ahead.
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Jonathan, meanwhile, suffered even greater physical trauma in the collision with his injuries encompassing broken hands, a fractured skull, shattered knees, broken ribs and a broken femur.
Jonathan – a son of the late Ballybunion hotelier Mícheál Carr and his wife Martina – will have pins in his femur for the rest of his life.
He is facing yet another round of surgery on Monday next, and slowly recovering in an apartment belonging to friends of his wife's family where he is under the care of a doctor and nurse who are being paid for by his family at home.
He launched a GoFundMe campaign this week in the hopes of covering some of the soaring medical costs incurred by the couple in Mexico – with a flight home on an air ambulance out of the question given the prohibitive price tag of €140,000.
People can donate by logging on to https://www.gofundme.com/f/62016197.
"We are both so lucky to still be alive," Jonathan wrote on the GoFundMe campaign.
"God was on our side...I am hoping to raise some money for my next surgery on the 30th of January as to take financial stress off of my mother and sister," he said, stating that his mother had already paid over €8,000 to cover his hospital expenses to date – with the nursing home care costing upwards of €500 per week.
"They are so lucky to be alive and we're just hoping now to get Jonathan home as soon as possible," a family member told The Kerryman.
"The next few weeks will be telling as he gets through the surgery and improves. But because his hands are broken it is very unlikely he will be in a position to even use crutches in the near future. The best case scenario could be paying for a nurse to accompany him home on a flight in time," they said.
Their pain watching from afar is being complicated by the lack of communication with the hospital – relying on the stricken Kerry man and Vanni's family to keep them abreast of developments. "It's very difficult. We even had to get people to buy his medication in a pharmacy and bring it to him in hospital, that seems to be the system there as they don't have stores of medication."
Ireland's Honorary Consul in Cancun Anthony Leeman was also praised by the family for his help in the aftermath of the nightmare, visiting Jonathan in hospital and doing all in his power to aid the young couple.
They also paid heartfelt thanks to the family who are providing Jonathan a bedroom 'out of the goodness of their hearts'.
Driver charged with driving with excess alcohol has case dismissed over errors in evidence
'Our whole life has been a honeymoon' - Kerry legend Mick O'Dwyer and wife Geraldine at home in Waterville
Kerry CAMHS victim 'lost my life, my family lost me and I lost them'
Photos of Mounthawk Park as the countdown to Kerry FC's opening game is on
Pictures show all the craic at Killorglin pantomime
Independent.ie
A Mediahuis Website © Independent.ie


text:
Linking electronic mental healthcare and benefits records in South London: design, procedure, and descriptive outcomes.
Sharon Stevelink, Ava Phillips, Matthew Broadbent, Andy Boyd, Sarah Dorrington, A Jewell, Rahul Leal, Ioannis Bakolis, Ira Madan, Matthew Hotopf, Nicola Fear, Johnny Downs
BMJ Open
Data Linkage Paper Resubmission v2 Track Changes after acceptance
Data_Linkage_Paper_Resubmission_v2_Track_Changes_after_acceptance.docx, 148 KB, application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
Uploaded date:09 Dec 2022
Sharon Stevelink (Military Health (KCMHR & ADMMH), Psychological Medicine)
Ava Phillips (Psychological Medicine)
Matthew Broadbent (NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre)
Sarah Dorrington (Psychological Medicine)
Rahul Leal (Psychological Medicine)
Ioannis Bakolis (NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, Health Service & Population Research, Biostatistics & Health Informatics)
Ira Madan
Matthew Hotopf (Psychological Medicine, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, Military Health (KCMHR & ADMMH))
Nicola Fear (Conflict and Health Research Group, Psychological Medicine, Military Health (KCMHR & ADMMH))
Johnny Downs (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre)
Objectives: To describe the process and outcomes of a data linkage between electronic secondary mental healthcare records from the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust with benefits records from the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). We also describe the mental health and benefit profile of patients who were successfully linked.
Design: A deterministic linkage of routine records from health and welfare government service providers within a secure environment.
Setting and participants: Adults aged ≥18 years who were referred to or accessed treatment at SLaM services between January 2007 and June 2019, including those who were treated as part of Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services between January 2008 and June 2019 (n=448,404). Benefits data from the DWP from January 2005 until June 2020.
Outcome measures: The linkage rate and associated socio-demographic, diagnostic and treatment factors. Recorded primary psychiatric diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and type of benefit receipt.
Results: A linkage rate of 92.3% was achieved. Women, younger patients, and those from ethnic minority groups were less likely to be successfully linked. Patients who had subsequently died, had a recorded primary psychiatric diagnosis, had also engaged with IAPT, and had a higher number of historical postcodes available were more likely to be linked. Eighty-three percent of patients received benefits at some point between 2005 and 2020. Benefit receipt across the psychiatric diagnosis spectrum was high, over 80% across most ICD-10 codes.
Conclusions: This data linkage is the first of its kind in the UK demonstrating the use of routinely collected mental health and benefits data. Benefit receipt was high among patients accessing SLaM services and varied by psychiatric diagnosis. Future areas of research are discussed, including exploring the effectiveness of interventions for helping people into work, and the impact of benefit reforms.
Access to mental healthcare in the year after first fit note: a longitudinal study of linked clinical records
Dorrington, S., Carr, E., Stevelink, S., Ashworth, M., Broadbent, M., Madan, I., Hatch, S. & Hotopf, M., 11 Nov 2021, In: BMJ Open. 11, 11, e044725.
Demographic variation in fit note receipt and long-term conditions in south London
Dorrington, S., Carr, E., Stevelink, S., Dregan, A., Whitney, D., Durbaba, S., Ashworth, M., Mykletun, A., Broadbent, M., Madan, I., Hatch, S. & Hotopf, M., 1 Jun 2020, In: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 77, 6, p. 418-426 9 p.
Long-term health conditions in UK working-age adults: A cross-sectional analysis of associations with demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and health-related factors in an inner-city population
Stagg, A. L. S., Hatch, S. L., Fear, N. T., Dorrington, S., Madan, I. & Stevelink, S. A. M., 14 Sep 2022, (Accepted/In press) In: BMJ Open. p. 1-23 23 p.
Psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 4378 UK healthcare workers and ancillary staff: Initial baseline data from a cohort study collected during the first wave of the pandemic
Lamb, D., Gnanapragasam, S., Greenberg, N., Bhundia, R., Carr, E., Hotopf, M., Razavi, R., Raine, R., Cross, S., Dewar, A., Docherty, M., Dorrington, S., Hatch, S., Wilson-Jones, C., Leightley, D., Madan, I., Marlow, S., McMullen, I., Rafferty, A. M., Parsons, M., & 10 othersPolling, C., Serfioti, D., Gaunt, H., Aitken, P., Morris-Bone, J., Simela, C., French, V., Harris, R., Stevelink, S. A. M. & Wessely, S., 1 Nov 2021, In: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 78, 11, p. 801-808 8 p.
Health condition at first fit note and number of fit notes: a longitudinal study of primary care records in south London
Dorrington, S., Carr, E., Polling, C., Stevelink, S., Ashworth, M., Roberts, E., Broadbent, M., Hatch, S., Madan, I. & Hotopf, M., 26 Mar 2021, In: BMJ Open. 11, 3, e043889.
The underlying mechanisms by which PTSD symptoms are associated with cardiovascular heath in male UK military personnel: The ADVANCE cohort study
Dyball, D., Bennett, A. N., Boos, C. J., Cullinan, P., Schofield, S., Bull, A. M. J., Stevelink, S. & Fear, N., Mar 2023, In: Journal of Psychiatric Research. p. 87-96 9 p., 159.
Factors associated with anxiety disorder comorbidity
Davies, M., Glen, K., Mundy, J., Adey, B., Armour, C., Assary, E., Coleman, J., Goldsmith, K., Hirsch, C., Hotopf, M., Hübel, C., Jones, I., Kalsi, G., Krebs, G., McIntosh, A. M., Morneau-Vaillancourt, G., Peel, A., Purves, K., Lee, S., Skelton, M., & 7 othersSmith, D. J., Veale, D., Walters, J., Young, K., Källberg Zvrskovec, J., Breen, G. & Grant, T. E., 15 Feb 2023, In: Journal of Affective Disorders. 323, p. 280-291
The Feasibility of Implementing Remote Measurement Technologies in Psychological Treatment for Depression: Mixed Methods Study on Engagement
De Angel, V., Adeleye, F., Zhang, Y., Cummins, N., Munir, S., Lewis, S., Puyal, E. L., Matcham, F., Sun, S., Folarin, A., Ranjan, Y., Conde, P., Rashid, Z., Dobson, R. & Hotopf, M., 24 Jan 2023, In: JMIR Mental Health.
Knowledge of self-isolation rules in the UK for those who have symptoms of Covid-19: a repeated cross-sectional survey study
Smith, L., West, R., Potts, H., Amlot, R., Fear, N., Rubin, J. & Michie, S., 18 Jan 2023, (Accepted/In press) In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Area disadvantage and mental health over the life course: a 69-year prospective birth cohort study
Bakolis, I., Murray, E. T., Hardy, R., Hatch, S. & Richards, M., 12 Jan 2023, (Accepted/In press) In: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.
Factors that influence the feasibility and implementation of a complex intervention to improve the treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease in primary and secondary care: a qualitative exploration of patient and provider perspectives
Le Boutillier, C., Saratzis, A., Saha, P., Benson, R., Bridgwood, B., Watson, E. & Lawrence, V., 23 Jan 2023, (E-pub ahead of print) In: BMJ Open. 13, e066883, p. 1-9 9 p.
Changing Agendas on Sleep, Treatment and Learning in Epilepsy (CASTLE) Sleep-E: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing an online behavioural sleep intervention with standard care in children with Rolandic epilepsy
Pal, D., 4 Jan 2023, In: BMJ Open.
Observational prospective study of social media, smartphone use and self-harm in a clinical sample of young people: Study protocol
Bye, A., Carter, B., Leightley, D., Trevillion, K., Liakata, M., Branthonne-Foster, S., Williamson, G., Zenasni, Z. & Dutta, R., 2023, (Accepted/In press) In: BMJ Open.
Changing trends in ethnicity and academic performance: observational cohort data from a UK medical school
Mukherji, P., Adas, M., Clarke, B., Galloway, J., Mulvey, T., Norton, S., Turner, J., Russell, M., Lempp, H. & Li, S., 15 Dec 2022, In: BMJ Open. 12, 12, p. 1-7 7 p., e066886.