text:
— GoMotion
Sports Organizations Working Hard to Stay Connected Virtually to Its Athletes
by Sean Jensen
Freelance Journalist at SportsEngine
April 16, 2020 | 5 minutes, 17 seconds read
Kurt Ewoldt worried about his son Tyler's routine as the 13-year-old is tethered to their home in Naperville, IL, honoring the state's shelter in place order to battle the spread of COVID-19.
Tyler's school day was shorter, his screen time much longer.
Plus, Tyler wasn't doing much to be active, other than short bike rides or tossing a tennis ball against the garage door.
But All-In-9 Baseball (AI9) started posting at-home skill videos on Facebook and Twitter.
"Now that we're all hunkered down, the organization's staff really stepped up with these videos," Kurt says. "The clips break up the monotony. It's been beneficial, especially for Tyler since he doesn't have siblings to play with."
Tyler's school day runs from 8 a.m. until noon, then he and Kurt head to the front to work on the skill from the latest video. After, they'll do a few drills and play some catch. Then Tyler heads in and plays video games — usually Fortnite — with friends online. Later in the afternoon, Tyler might go for a bike ride then hit the ball off the tee in the garage.
Still, Tyler and millions of other athletes around the nation and world are missing the games and their coaches and teammates. But some programs — inspired by forward-thinking leaders and coaches -- are making the proverbial in-game adjustment and developing ways to stay connected to their athletes.
Sporting Missouri Valley, an affiliate of Sporting Kansas City of the MLS, hosted a FIFA tournament for its players and uploads workout and training videos on Tuesdays and Thursday.
Wave Volleyball in Del Mar, California, sends out a daily email. On Mondays, they focus on mentally stimulating videos via TED Talks, podcasts, videos or articles, according to an article on JVAVolleyball.org. On Tuesdays and Thursdays, they provide recruiting tips. And on Wednesdays and Fridays, they email skills-related videos.
Stryker Field Hockey hosts daily CrossFit workouts via Zoom.
And 43 Hoops in Hopkins, Minnesota, different trainers post short training challenges and sessions to its YouTube channel and Facebook page for its athletes to try at home.
"We would have been practicing and preparing for Opening Day," says Andrew Brauer of AI9 Baseball. "But when we got word of coronavirus, we didn't know how to react, but we wanted to help."
Jacques Tournoy is director of operations for Sporting Missouri Valley, which serves about 600 players aged seven to 19 years old. He and his staff focused on ways to keep everyone within the club engaged, despite social distancing.
The coaches and leaders have a Zoom meeting Sunday nights and Wednesday mornings (Coaches & Coffee, they call it). Chris Dean, director of coaching, has his 12-year-old son help him record training videos that post on Tuesday and Thursday. And last Wednesday, they hosted a Zoom with high school players to strategize ways to navigate recruiting.
"It's allowed us to take a look at some things that we might have said in the past that we want to do, but found excuses not to do them," Dean says. "Now we're getting the message out about what's important in our players.
"It's been a positive experience."
Sporting Missouri Valley also sends out emails that highlight different professional matches and suggests players they can study and even write about.
Brauer is proud of the coaching staff he and co-founder Scott Lawler have developed. So the videos empower his coaches to show off their ability to teach and communicate. They are ever mindful that the drills and exercises can be done without much equipment or even space.
Knox Hunsucker, 14, is a left-handed pitcher and outfielder. He's following the videos daily in the basement, the family's partially-heated garage or outside, when the weather permits.
"I'm a big fan of all those guys, and what they do for the boys," says Knox's father, Lou Hunsucker. "All the kids, they're frustrated and tired of being inside. So it helps that the coaches show them what to do and how to do it."
Leah Lindstrom of Lees Summitt, Missouri, is thankful for all their hard work. A mother of three, she's adjusting to a departure from the family's usually frenetic schedule.
"We usually have something seven days a week," she says, "so it's been an adjustment going from 100 miles per hour to nothing."
She admitted they are playing video games more than she'd like, but her 10-year-old son Reid has embraced Sporting Missouri Valley's videos. In fact, Reid recently posted a personal-best of 441 juggles with a soccer ball — and they even captured it on video!
Dean, who also happens to be Reid's coach, highlighted that accomplishment on a Zoom call amongst the team.
"It's hard to go from seeing your buddies to nothing," Leah says. "So to see him have that competitive edge is awesome."
Rhiannon Root, a seventh-grader in Columbus, Ohio, told Project Play that her inclination would be to do nothing in the midst of the pandemic.
"I wouldn't do anything if my parents weren't here (encouraging me). It's very hard," she says. "I usually just end up watching TikToks instead of doing my (soccer) work."
Brauer says that is why he is so determined to communicate with AI9 athletes.
"We want them to know, 'You are not alone,' " he says. "We want to help."
Jacques says he is mindful to be a resource but not to put unnecessary pressure on its players.
"As the thing goes longer, it's not just physically, but also mentally challenging for our players and their families," he says.
Leah says her three children are handling the shelter-in-place "better than I expected."
"It helps that they have siblings and the weather is starting to get nicer," she says.
But they are also disappointed because they were supposed to be preparing for a tournament in St. Louis later this month but that, like thousands of other events and tournaments, has been canceled.
In these uncertain times, though, she's still holding out hope.
"We're hoping that by the fall season," she says, "that we'll be able to get out of town a few times."
About Sean Jensen
Sean K. Jensen was born in South Korea, but he was raised in California, Massachusetts and Virginia, mostly on or near military bases. Given his unique background, he's always been drawn to storytelling, a skill he developed at Northwestern University and crafted for 16 years as a reporter and columnist, almost exclusively covering the NFL.
He's now an inspirational speaker and author of The Middle School Rules, a book series that tells the defining moments of professional athletes. He is also the creator of Model Student Athlete, a video series for young athletes, and Winning Is Not Everything, a podcast that aims to "bring sanity back to youth sports" through conversations with high-character athletes, coaches and parents. You can learn more about him at his website, SeanKJensen.com.
Connect with Sean Jensen
Healthy at Home Coach, Parent SportsEngine


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Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior
Stathis Ilonidis, Junwei Zhao, Alexander Kosovichev
Sunspots are regions where strong magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior and where major eruptive events occur. These energetic events can cause power outages, interrupt telecommunication and navigation services, and pose hazards to astronauts. We detected subsurface signatures of emerging sunspot regions before they appeared on the solar disc. Strong acoustic travel-time anomalies of an order of 12 to 16 seconds were detected as deep as 65,000 kilometers. These anomalies were associated with magnetic structures that emerged with an average speed of 0.3 to 0.6 kilometer per second and caused high peaks in the photospheric magnetic flux rate 1 to 2 days after the detection of the anomalies. Thus, synoptic imaging of subsurface magnetic activity may allow anticipation of large sunspot regions before they become visible, improving space weather forecast.
Dive into the research topics of 'Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Solar Activity Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Telecommunications Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Astronauts Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Weather Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Magnetic Fields Medicine & Life Sciences 22%
Acoustics Medicine & Life Sciences 19%
Ilonidis, S., Zhao, J., & Kosovichev, A. (2011). Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior. Science, 333(6045), 993-996. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206253
Ilonidis, Stathis ; Zhao, Junwei ; Kosovichev, Alexander. / Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior. In: Science. 2011 ; Vol. 333, No. 6045. pp. 993-996.
@article{a78ecb9ba88a4991a97fd199bc5660f5,
title = "Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior",
abstract = "Sunspots are regions where strong magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior and where major eruptive events occur. These energetic events can cause power outages, interrupt telecommunication and navigation services, and pose hazards to astronauts. We detected subsurface signatures of emerging sunspot regions before they appeared on the solar disc. Strong acoustic travel-time anomalies of an order of 12 to 16 seconds were detected as deep as 65,000 kilometers. These anomalies were associated with magnetic structures that emerged with an average speed of 0.3 to 0.6 kilometer per second and caused high peaks in the photospheric magnetic flux rate 1 to 2 days after the detection of the anomalies. Thus, synoptic imaging of subsurface magnetic activity may allow anticipation of large sunspot regions before they become visible, improving space weather forecast.",
author = "Stathis Ilonidis and Junwei Zhao and Alexander Kosovichev",
doi = "10.1126/science.1206253",
journal = "Science",
publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
Ilonidis, S, Zhao, J & Kosovichev, A 2011, 'Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior', Science, vol. 333, no. 6045, pp. 993-996. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1206253
Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior. / Ilonidis, Stathis; Zhao, Junwei; Kosovichev, Alexander.
In: Science, Vol. 333, No. 6045, 19.08.2011, p. 993-996.
T1 - Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior
AU - Ilonidis, Stathis
AU - Zhao, Junwei
AU - Kosovichev, Alexander
N2 - Sunspots are regions where strong magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior and where major eruptive events occur. These energetic events can cause power outages, interrupt telecommunication and navigation services, and pose hazards to astronauts. We detected subsurface signatures of emerging sunspot regions before they appeared on the solar disc. Strong acoustic travel-time anomalies of an order of 12 to 16 seconds were detected as deep as 65,000 kilometers. These anomalies were associated with magnetic structures that emerged with an average speed of 0.3 to 0.6 kilometer per second and caused high peaks in the photospheric magnetic flux rate 1 to 2 days after the detection of the anomalies. Thus, synoptic imaging of subsurface magnetic activity may allow anticipation of large sunspot regions before they become visible, improving space weather forecast.
AB - Sunspots are regions where strong magnetic fields emerge from the solar interior and where major eruptive events occur. These energetic events can cause power outages, interrupt telecommunication and navigation services, and pose hazards to astronauts. We detected subsurface signatures of emerging sunspot regions before they appeared on the solar disc. Strong acoustic travel-time anomalies of an order of 12 to 16 seconds were detected as deep as 65,000 kilometers. These anomalies were associated with magnetic structures that emerged with an average speed of 0.3 to 0.6 kilometer per second and caused high peaks in the photospheric magnetic flux rate 1 to 2 days after the detection of the anomalies. Thus, synoptic imaging of subsurface magnetic activity may allow anticipation of large sunspot regions before they become visible, improving space weather forecast.
U2 - 10.1126/science.1206253
DO - 10.1126/science.1206253
JO - Science
JF - Science
Ilonidis S, Zhao J, Kosovichev A. Detection of emerging sunspot regions in the solar interior. Science. 2011 Aug 19;333(6045):993-996. doi: 10.1126/science.1206253

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text:
> Artists > Gogh, Vincent van
Pioneer of Expressionism (1853-1890)
"This man is either mad or he lets us all far behind ", already prophesied Camille Pissarro born in 1853- son of Vincent van Gogh a clergyman. And in fact, the Dutch became a pioneer of modern, with its curved lines and bright colours, which ushered in the Expressionism. While van Gogh got hardly any money for paint and canvas in his lifetime for his paintings,and with the support of his brother Theo, he achieve his works today regularly usually tens of millions on spectacular auctions.
Van Gogh (1853-1890) comes from a family of Protestant pastor in Groot-Zundert in Brabant. With art, he first came into contact through an uncle, the art dealer was. Initially, van Gogh worked in stores of Galerie Goupil in the Hague, London and Paris, but also as a tutor in England and as a Methodist preacher. He began as a preacher in the mining area of Boringe for the first time to draw. Just a few months he attended the Brussels Academy, formed further but as an autodidact.
His first oil paintings represent poor farmers and workers. These pictures are very dark and painted with simple, broad lines. Antwerp, where he remained for three months and met the lightness and elegance of Japanese woodblock prints, he moved to Paris. Here he discovered the Sun and bright colours. He studied the early Symbolists, Impressionist and pointillist artists, and painted urban images, landscapes and portraits. More light and freedom-seeking, he went to Arles in southern France, where he followed his friend Paul Gauguin in 1888. Van Gogh was planning to set up a community of artists and to invite all of his painter friends, to live with him and to work, but the plan failed. After a dramatic confrontation with Gauguin in van Gogh injured himself on the ear he had to move several times longer with overwrought nerves in the hospital. These crises should worsen later and later led to his suicide.
In the time in Arles, van Gogh's most famous paintings emerged. All of the Sun's luminosity is in them; Fields, trees and clouds speak of the force of nature in impressive language. It is hard to imagine to us today's viewers, what force may have been necessary, to repudiate such Burgundian masterpieces of personal mental distress. It is van Gogh's secret - and it remains until today the secret of his late work.
Articles / Page 15 30 60
Picture "Sight of Saint-Maries" (1888)
$ 453,42 (398,00 EUR)
Painting "Olive Trees" (1889), Framed
Painting "Houses in Auvers" (1890), Dimension 1
Painting "Olive Trees with Les Alpilles" (1889), Framed
Cushion Cover "Twelve Sunflowers in a Vase"
Cushion Cover "Blossoming Almond Tree Branches"
Painting "Vase with Oleander and Books" (1888), Framed
Porcelain Vase "Blossoming Almond Tree Branches" (Small, Height 24.5 cm)
Painting "Vase Sunflowers" (1888)
Painting "Un Mas de Provence (Farmhouse Provence)" (1888) in museum framing
Painting "Blossoming Almond Tree" (1890)
Painting "Starry Night over Rhône" (1888) in a frame
Painting "Flowering Garden" (1888)
Painting "Peachtree in Bloom" (1888) in a frame
Painting "Church in Auvers-sur-Oise" (1890) in a frame
Painting "Vase with white Roses" (1890) in a frame
Painting "A View on Arles" (1889), Framed
Painting "Farms near Auvers" (1890) in a frame
Art print "Fishing Boats at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer" (1888), framed
Painting "The White Fruit Garden", Framed
Umbrella "Café by Night"
Painting "Rhone Boats" (1888) in museum framing
Painting "Imperial Fritillary"
Painting "Irises" (1889) in studio framing
Painting "Thatched Cottages in Cordeville" (1890) in gallery framing
Musical jewelry box "Irises" - after Vincent van Gogh
Painting "Blossoming Chestnut Branch"
Silk scarf "Irises"
Painting "Blooming Garden with Path" (1888), Framed
Painting "Vineyard with View on Auvers" (1890), framed
113.93 - 284.81 $ (100 - 250 €)
569.63 - 1.14.0 $ (500 - 1.000 €)


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Reassuring piano introduction leads to soothing synths and punchy breakbeats.
Lush synth waves over a laid back groove, warm Rhodes melody and dreamy female vocals.
Jazzy piano patterns drift over reverb soaked drums and guitar.
Deep and evocative. Rich piano progressions, synth atmospheres and a rolling, hypnotic beat.
Hauntingly beautiful melodies drift over off-kilter drum patterns and rich, evolving pads. Featuring female vocal textures.
Emotive, chilled electronica with haunting piano, guitar melodies and evocative textures.
Low, throbbing bass, gritty beats and dark, brooding textures.
Modern, jazzy trip hop with solid drum groove, jazzy Rhodes and warm electronica.
Late night dub vibe with snappy upbeat rhythm, deep, atmospheric melody and dreamy vocal textures.
Laid back and soothing. Warm Rhodes motif, lush ambient washes and down-tempo beats. Featuring airy female textures.
Maximum chill. Jazzy melodies, choppy rhythmic breaks and shimmering female vocals.
A inspiring collection of themes for progress, innovation and achievement for a modern world.
A serene collection of laid back drums, smooth soothing basslines and ethereal vocals.
A sun-drenched collection of inspired cues to unwind, chillout and relax to.
Blissed-out themes for neon nights and sun soaked days.


NEW WEBSITE UNDER CONSTRUCTION - KEEP WATCHING THIS SPACE!
a new dynamic 'mums & bubs' playgroup on Thursday morning 9:30am -11am. Contact Deb Cox on 0412 245133 for details. An opportunity for mums to take a breather, share a coffee and have a chat while the kids play under supervision.
a local ministry is now sharing the premises with us. A contemporary prayer meeting (the Firehub) is held on Wednesday nights from 7:30pm and is open to all. They also hold fortnightly Sunday afternoons at 3:00PM.
So head over and like us for all your up to the minute information and uplifting posts and maybe also a few funny ones.
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Iván Szabó
Hungarian politician
Iván Szabó (8 January 1934 - 4 August 2005) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Finance between 1993 and 1994.He joined to the Hungarian Democratic Forum in 1988.
He was chosen to the party's presidency in 1990.After the death of József Antall (1993) he served as manager president.
Szabó was member of the National Assembly of Hungary since 1990.Between June 1990 and December 1991 he served as the Chairman of the Assembly's Economical Committee.
He was appointed Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism in 1991.He became faction leader in 1994.Szabó entered for the party's presidential election in 1996 but was beaten by Sándor Lezsák.
After that Szabó and some other prominent members (György Szabad) left the party.They founded the Hungarian Democratic People's Party (MDNP) and Szabó appointed the new party's first president and faction leader.
The MDNP did not hit the 5% threshold contrary at the 1998 election, that's why Szabó resigned from his position.He was a founding member of the Centre Party in 2001.
Balázs Horváth
István Sarlós
László Piros


Corporations and limited liability companies share a key feature - insulation of owners from the liabilities of the entity. In the 19th century, courts began to fashion a significant exception to this principle for corporations. The exception became known as the "alter ego doctrine". The exception was not applied to LLCs because they did not then exist. With the advent of LLCs, courts have had to confront the question of whether the alter ego doctrine applies to LLCs.
The Nevada Supreme Court has yet to address the issue. However, U.S. District Court Judge Kent J. Dawson recently predicted that the Nevada Supreme Court "would treat an LLC as a corporation for the purposes of applying the 'alter ego' doctrine and piercing the corporate veil." Bustos v. Dennis, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 45764.
Unless otherwise provided in the articles of organization or an agreement signed by the member or manager to be charged, no member or manager of any limited-liability company formed under the laws of this State is individually liable for the debts or liabilities of the company.
Judge Dawson's ruling notes NRS 86.371 but apparently views the alter ego doctrine as an unexpressed exception to the statute. NRS 78.747 governing corporations similarly immunizes stockholders from corporate liabilities " unless the stockholder . . . acts as the alter ego of the corporation". Judge Dawson does not explain why the express exception in NRS 78.747 should be read into NRS 86.371.
Update: Judge Dawson's prediction was correct but he was incorrect in asserting that "the issue [of the applicability of the alter ego doctrine to LLCs] has not been decided by the Nevada Supreme Court". In fact, the Nevada Supreme Court held last November that "the alter ego doctrine applies to LLCs". Gardner v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court of State, 405 P.3d 651, 656 (Nev. 2017). I discuss the Nevada Supreme Court's earlier holding in Gardner in Nevada Supreme Court Holds That Member-Managers Were Not Proper Parties To Negligence Claim Against An LLC.


Some of Klimt's portraits have already gained the status of 'iconic', for example his portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer soaked in gold. Yet, before Klimt became the head of the Secession movement in Vienna in 1897, he painted in a very conventional style, as requested by his commissioners. Most of the works below are Klimt's unknown portraits (or at least much less known). Would you ever tell they were his?
In the year that this painting was completed, 1891, a union between Klimt and Flöge families was made. Gustav's brother Ernst married Emilie's sister Helene. Emilie was then 17 years old, Gustav was 12 years older and it was their first meeting which resulted later in a life-long companionship. Three years later he painted her again, this time in a specific location (so atypical!). Look at his brushwork, it's so impressionistic, so different from anything we know by Klimt. This difference can be explained by the commission: the work was intended for the Burgtheater in Vienna rather than a family salon.
Marie Breunig was born in humble circumstances but married a successful businessman. That allowed her to frequent the Viennese society. She befriended the Flöge sisters and became a client of their fashion salon. Although this portrait has been known to Klimt scholars, it is inaccessible to view since the owners want to maintain their anonymity. What's consoling, it's that the portrait is the only left in the original family ownership and still hangs in its intended position.
The painting had been inventoried as a 'portrait of an unknown woman' but some interpret the lady as Frau Heymann since the museum purchased the painting from the collector Dr. Augustus Heymann's bequest. If you look at the background of the portrait, you'll notice simple and quite stereotypical floral patterns which presage the stylistic change that Secessionist 'Ver Sacrum' will have introduced in three years time.
Despite the size of the reproduction, this portrait is in reality very small: 14x9cm and is painted on wood rather than canvas. The composition is reminiscent of the portrait of Marie (above). The unknown girl is wearing a fashionable dress and she's looking straight at the viewer. Any ideas who she might be?
Helene was only a couple months old when her father Ernst, Gustav's brother, died in 1892. Gustav took the guardianship of the girl and promised her mother help. The girl was the pride of the family and when she grew up, she joined the Floge fashion house, helping with administration, bookkeeping and advising the clients. This portrait is dominated by the clear-cut bob hairstyle of the girl, which then is complemented by Klimt's impressionistic rendering of her white blouse in just a few strokes.


Sixties Dansettes/ Hacker Gondoliers/ Bush Record Players, etc.
Netlabel looking for new talent!
Why does everyone hate The Clash?
When Do You Most Enjoy Music?
What was so great about Elvis then?
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The SportingJournal
Youth Games
Pride of the Lions
Nick Ashenden | AFL | June 24, 2012 at 6:32 pm
Fitzroy 1905 Team Photo Source: Picture Victoria
There's something about the Brisbane Lions. In their last three outings they have beaten flag fancies the West Coast Eagles, pushed Hawthorn for a half and then travelled to an icy Melbourne to rout the Bulldogs.
The Lions started the match rank outsiders, but we should have known better.
This game was the prelude to the Brisbane Lions inaugural hall of fame. The team ran onto Etihad Stadium in a guernsey worn with pride by Fitzroy many moons ago. Word is Johnathan Brown made mention of all of this before the match as he implored his young brigade to leave nothing in the rooms this day. Who could imagine facing the greats of the Brisbane Bears, Brisbane Lions and Fitzroy having done anything less? Moreover, who could imagine facing Brown after the game? They did it for the old heroes watching on in the stands. They did it for Brown. They did it for themselves. They announced themselves. At the final siren the margin would be 58 points, they earned the right to belt out the song afterwards. Like Fitzroy and Bears of old.
We must forget that Michael Voss is coach of this team, that Simon Black and Brown are still on the field, fighting with pride for this club. We must forget the canny recruiting that has won the Lions a formidable crew of youngsters.
It's not in the D.N.A. of Voss, Black and Brown, and apparently not in the script of this club to dwell at the bottom for long. Many had written this mob off only weeks ago after a horror start to the year and a miserable few seasons. Voss had to go, he was hopeless. Already dawn seems to have come for this group. Expect big things. The match on Saturday afternoon was about the future, the evening that follows will be about the past. Brown and the his team can hold their head high when they enter the Hall of Fame function, they can look the greats in the eye. Some of those greats would have been in the stands, adding voice to the cry of Fitzroy that rung out in the final term. They will be eager to shake the hands of the boys who did their jumper, their clubs and their history proud.
Looking back as we do at such a time, it is worth noting that we are approaching an anniversary of sorts. July 4th, 1996 is the date the Brisbane Bears and the Fitzroy Lions merged. Sure they played out the rest of that year as the Bears and the Lions, Fitzroy waved goodbye to their fans at the MCG on August 25 and shamefully ceased to be over in Perth against Freo, but for many their footy clubs died that day in July.
Living through the final years of the Fitzroy Football Club was heart-wrenching, it was a slow and painful demise. It was something close to me, particularly: I barracked for them for a while, before I disgraced myself and switched alliances. Still, Dad and a footy-mad brother followed the Lions so I saw more Fitzroy games than any other team as a child. We travelled up to Princes Park, then out to the Western (Whitten) Oval to watch them. They usually lost.
When they were gone, fans were left with memories, broken hearts and a decision to make: to follow the Brisbane Lions, pack in following the AFL altogether, or find someone else. I know of people who started following North Melbourne at the end of 1996. Oh, my.
The Bears were never really given a chance. They were a basket case, slapped together by the VFL haphazardly. They were only just starting to forge an identity by 1996. Three premierships at the turn of this century have probably dulled the ache for fans of the merged teams who stayed with the new entity.
Fans of the Lions particularly hurt for a good while after the merge. Many memories of their club are sad ones. Who could forget the thumpings, the shame and the embarrassment? This was such a proud club. Who could forget the dismantling of a merger with North Melbourne, agreed to by both the Kangaroos and the Lions, but voted down by the other clubs? Who could forget Ross Oakley and Noel Gordon on the night of July 4, 1996 sat at a press conference all Cheshire smiles having just killed off a club with 99 years of history? For me these are stone etched memories, still raw and painful at times and they weren't even 'my' team. But these memories are too many, and a waste of energy now.
As a tribute to the Fitzroy Lions, on their Hall of Fame and anniversary, I want to share two of my better memories.
Round 1 1993 was a late March afternoon, the sun bathed Princes Park and I was treated to a stirring comeback. The Carlton fans were into us, cocky and full of pride all afternoon. My father asked one of them how it felt to follow a team who had paid and cheated their way to so many of their premierships. Not long after this, heavily outnumbered we moved to the north-eastern half forward flank on the opposite side of the ground. The hopeless, down-beaten Lions were 4 majors adrift at the final turn that day, and got up by a goal. It was the sweetest of victories for the small but loyal group of Lion faithful lucky enough to have been there that day. We streamed onto the ground at the final siren, got amongst the players and strode with them down the race and into the rooms. These were things you could do back then, only 20-odd years ago. I'd urge anyone to look for footage of this game, as it records the beating heart and soul of a lost club.
The other match-day memory that still brings me a smile was when the Lions rolled the Crows over at Footy Park, Saturday night on the 20th of May in 1995. Dancin' Douggie Hawkins starred, outshone only by the mercurial Andrew Jarman and the scale of the upset. Once again the Lions were down at the final break, this time by 8 points having led much of the night. This was an improbable victory. Against the crowd, far from home, towards the end of their fight. Fitzroy would kick 9 goals to two in the final term. The images on the television that evening were such that you could have believed it was a grand final win that had just been accomplished.
A little over a year later the ink was drying on the death warrant. But did those Roy boys ever rouse the heart.
The win a few weeks ago over West Coast was familiar. It was the sort of win that the Fitzroy fans who kept with the Lions name would have gotten emotional over. It would have brought back all of those memories. Johnathan Brown is the greatest Fitzroy player never to have played for that proud old club. He more than any other seems to carry their past onto the field, this week again he ran out in the famous guernsey of the club his father represented.
The win over the Doggies was professional, they did everything well. They looked tough, and played with heart. This win was as much a nod to the Brisbane Lions circa 2001,2 and 3 as it was to Fitzroy and the Bears. Lets hope they get to enjoy the night, celebrate the victory and their proud history. And lets hope the Brisbane Lions powerbrokers have some nostalgia and sense knocked into them by the event to do something about the disgrace of a jumper they've been decked out in the last few years.
Nick Ashenden.
Make sure you Follow @SportingJournl on Twitter for the latest Sports News & Opinion
afl, Brisbane Bears, brisbane lions, Fitzroy, Lions, spotlight
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Trust Advocate
A blog by the National Trust of Australia (Victoria)
Queen Vic Market planning controls set to be relaxed
Published on December 7, 2015.
The loss of height controls at the southern end of the site will allow development with unrestricted height over the sheds at the Franklin Street boundary. The National Trust and Melbourne Heritage Action (MHA) say this will, for the first time, result in the total erasure of the full historical extent of the market site and former cemetery.
The National Trust and our action group MHA have made a submission to City of Melbourne opposing proposed complete removal of height limits in the area covered by the existing DDO14, and the lack of recognition of the many surrounding heritage buildings. The proposed changes in Planning Scheme Amendment C245 mean that sites immediately adjacent to the market could end up with very tall buildings, with relatively small setbacks, and that many heritage buildings will end up facaded or demolished to allow for such towers, dominating the immediate market environs. We believe that some sense of the original purpose of the control, to step down from the higher built form of the central city to the very low scale of the Market, should be retained in some form.
The 'Key Attributes'' of the QVM Precinct are defined statutorily in the Planning Scheme:
The historic character of the precinct as a retail area.
The generally simple, low-scale and remarkably intact example of a utilitarian form from the period of its construction. Taken as a whole, the Market and its component buildings are substantially intact in its 1923 form.
The visual dominance of the Queen Victoria Market in the surrounding area.
Like many cultural landscapes, QVM accommodates a variety of different cultural realities. It has, for a very long time, been at the intersection of the drive to expand and upgrade the CBD, and the aspiration to conserve and resuscitate its open spaces and heritage values. Back in 1969, the Trust first surveyed and classified the site in it's first campaign to "save the market", in the prelude to the City of Melbourne's 1970s plans for demolition and a $100M redevelopment. In 1991, the National Trust recognised QVM's history as Melbourne's first cemetery, and revised it's classification to identify the social signficance of the site for the first time. By the time the QVM master planning process was first mooted in 2011, the Trust had been advocating for the protection of the QVM site for nearly 50 years. The 2013 announcement by Lord Mayor Robert Doyle for a $250M development program over 10 years was yet another false start in what amounts to decades of indecision.
In many ways, the 2015 discussion around QVM's future is a very different environment than ever before. Not only have the more recent revisions of the Market's statement of significance identified a broader range of values at the site, but the purchase of the adjacent Munro Buildings in late 2014 suggests a reconsideration of the market precinct boundary and its connections to North Melbourne and the greater CBD. The market site is now an important amenity to an increasing population of residents – interested in maintaining their neighbourhood – and the feasibility of the market's facilities are being tested as market trading behaviours shift. QVM as a tourist destination took hold in the 1970s based largely on the visual and historic richness of the 19th Century Market halls and sheds. Forty years on, the CBD has come alive after hours and new opportunities for a 24 hour market precinct are being established in the open-air sheds by new demographics interested in the late night foodie scene.
The functional complexities of reshaping the market operationally and creating a world-class visitor experience, are overlaid – literally – on layers of history. QVM is a dynamic site, historically shifting and never staying the same for long periods. Yet, development and change in the physical environment at the QVM are regulated by the City of Melbourne planning scheme (principally regulating height) and the Heritage Act. The dynamic interplay of the tangible and intangible values at QVM, conflict with the static nature of these formal tools.
The Victorian Heritage Register statement of significance states that the Queen Victoria Market is of historical, archaeological, social, architectural and aesthetic significance to the State of Victoria. The regulatory framework is therefore fabric-driven and object-oriented, despite the site having social and historical significance. It is a classic example of the problem, described by Julian Smith, of moving ''from the object-centered universe of traditional heritage protection and management, to an ecological framework that considers the relationship among objects as much as their individual distinctiveness''.
Perhaps as a means to address the intangible values at the site, the City – in particular the Lord Mayor – has emphasised that the master planning has at its heart a desire to retain "the authentic market experience". Feedback from the City's community engagement tool, Participate Melbourne informed the City's aim to: "preserve the Queen Victoria Market's heritage and authentic atmosphere, while allowing the market precinct to evolve to meet contemporary needs of traders, shoppers and the growing city." It is unclear what the City really means by the "authentic". The Trust finds that ultimately there is no single independently verifiable ''authentic'' market experience. There is only a multiplicity of experiences.
According to the heritage consultants advising on the new QVM masterplan, the market boundaries to the east and south (comprising of Elizabeth, Queen, Therry, and Franklin streets) do not need additional heritage controls as they already consist of streetscapes containing both heritage and newer buildings. The "island site" characteristic is given force by the Heritage Victoria registration for the market. We dispute the claim that there is no strong physical link between the market and opposite buildings on Franklin Street, which is usually predicated on the fact that there is already some high rise development present. This does not reflect the realities of the interface and relationship with the adjoining agglomeration of mostly older buildings between Therry and Franklin, facing Queen and Elizabeth Streets, and those along the southern boundary on Franklin Street opposite the 1930 market sheds (some of which have been or are about to be demolished or facaded).
Many historic buildings remaining in the precinct relate to the market in both function and scale. They provide a messy, diverse, low scale streetscape of mostly older buildings facing the majority of the market site; those closest to the market on Therry and Queen are part of HO7, and have recently been reviewed, with the result that many are now C graded and so should be retained. There are a number of others that recently gained Heritage Overlays as part of C198, as did the whole of the row of building facing Elizabeth Street between Therry and A'Beckett Street.
There are now up to 30 or more heritage buildings that are affected by the lifting of height controls as part of the amendment. The National Trust and MHA jointly call for the existing height control DDO14 to remain, to ensure development will be "consistent with the scale and built form of the Market" in the immediate proximity to key market buildings.
height controls industrial heritage Melbourne planning scheme amendment Queen Vic Market social significance
Peter on December 14, 2015 at 9:46 pm
Our Victoria Market has a (an?) unique character and should be preserved as a special enclave within the City of Melbourne. Developer greed should not be a consideration in the redevelopment.
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Tsipras points to light at end of road
November 17, 2016 17.11.2016 • 21:45
With no follow-up statement in favor of Greek debt relief by outgoing US President Obama in Berlin Thursday, Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras sought to strike a note of hope, declaring that the end of a review by Greece's creditors, and economic recovery, are in sight.
Athens had been hoping for a statement by Obama akin to the comments he made while in Athens, underlining the need for debt relief to accompany reforms if the Greek economy is to grow. However, in view of Berlin's repeated opposition to a Greek debt restructuring, Obama did not broach the subject in his public statements with German Chancellor Angela Merkel. Greek government sources acknowledged Thursday that it would be difficult for him to make such a statement for Greek debt relief while in Berlin.
German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble, who has been the most passionate proponent of the need for austerity and stringent economic reform before debt relief can be considered for Greece, reiterated his conviction Thursday.
"Whoever talks about lightening the debt for Greece is not helping those who are in favor of reforms in the country," he said in comments from Vienna just a day after declaring that restructuring Greece's debt burden would be doing the country "a disservice."
In his comments in Parliament, Tsipras did not dwell on the issue of debt relief, but tried to appear upbeat about Greece's prospects, saying that the bailout review would soon be completed, paving the way for debt talks and Greece's inclusion in the European Central Bank's quantitative easing program.
"We have achieved a lot but we still have a long way to go," Tsipras said. "It will be a hard road but at the same time the end is in sight," he said, adding that "we will keep striving until this country returns to conditions of stability and normality."
His government is determined, he said, to "put the economy and society back on their feet and return to our people the rights, the social protection and the conditions of life and work that the harsh austerity of previous years has deprived them."
Tsipras is still aiming for a decision on Greek debt relief on December 5, when Finance Minister Euclid Tsakalotos is to meet with eurozone counterparts for talks on Greece's progress in implementing its bailout program.
Athens is hoping for specific commitments as regards short-term measures for debt relief and less concrete guidelines on medium- and short-term relief.
Greek officials are also pressing representatives of Greece's creditors to agree to less strict budget targets after 2019.
Economy Politics
Obama says will urge creditors to give Greece space for recovery
Tsipras praises Obama's economic leadership
Obama says 'austerity alone cannot deliver prosperity'
Athens security cranked up as Obama program finalized
Government spokesman says Obama wants to end his presidency 'with solutions'
Tsipras looks to 'swift' completion of second bailout review


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Maybe Daniel Radcliffe Will Be in the 'Woman in Black' Sequel After All
Posted on Tuesday, June 19th, 2012 by Russ Fischer
For various reasons, we figured The Woman in Black was a one-and-done affair for Daniel Radcliffe. After spending almost the entirety of his film career in one franchise, who would expect him to jump right into another? And so when the sequel, The Woman in Black: Angels of Death was announced, it was no surprise to hear it would take place many years after the events of the first film, and therefore probably not involve Radcliffe.
But now Hammer Films CEO Simon Oakes says that there will hopefully be more than one sequel to the original film, and that Radcliffe could make an appearance of some sort in Angels of Death. Spoilers for the original film follow.
Bleeding Cool talked to Oakes, who spoke first of the general idea of this sequel, before saying that they want to turn the title into a brand that can span more than two films:
We are working on not a sequel but a continuation of The Woman in Black. Susan Hill wrote an outline story about what happened 40 years later to the woman in Woman in Black and the house and all of that. It's completely different. It's completely different. Obviously with a different story and cast.
And while BC doesn't have a direct quote from Oakes about Radcliffe, he did mention the idea of the actor playing a small role in the second film, and actually said that Radcliffe might appear, rather than downplaying the notion. Given Radcliffe's fate at the end of the original movie, he would presumably show up either in flashbacks or as a spectre of some sort. Which wouldn't be a terrible thing, but does sound mostly like simple bait for fans.
Here's the official synopsis of the sequel:
Seized by the government and converted into a military mental hospital during World War II, the sudden arrival of disturbed soldiers to Eel Marsh Harsh has awoken its darkest inhabitant. Eve, a beautiful young nurse, is sent to the house to care for the patients but soon realizes she must save them from more than their own demons. Despite Eve's efforts to stop her, one by one they fall victim to the Woman in Black.
As a bonus, here's Radcliffe starring in a one-take video for the UK band Slow Club. It's pretty standard music video stuff, but if you want to see everything that Radcliffe is in, you can now check this off the list. And Radcliffe looks like he's having a good time lip-syncing the song, even if he's supposed to be drunk/hungover/sad as he wanders through a pub. [The Guardian, via The Playlist]
'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' Interactive Special Adds Daniel Radcliffe to Its Cast
Watch the First Episode of 'Miracle Workers' with Daniel Radcliffe on YouTube for Free
The Morning Watch: Nick Kroll and Conan Teach Sex Ed, THR's Producers Roundtable & More
'Miracle Workers' Trailer: Daniel Radcliffe is an Angel Trying to Save Planet Earth
/Tweeted, Casting, Daniel-Radcliffe, The Woman in Black, The Woman in Black: Angels of Death


This shampoo keeps your hair healthy and clean. It is packed with ingredients that moisturize and rejuvenate the hair as well. A special blend of Organic Aloe, Shea Oil and Kelp Extracts help to keep your hair strong and healthy, while leaving it soft and manageable.
Remember, you only need a little.


Happy Sunday, America! Cpl. Kyle Click shares a moment with Windy, an improvised explosive device detection dog, while waiting to resume a security patrol.
United States Navy Personnel Specialist 1st Class Kevin Arnold is reenlisted by Army Maj. Shean Phelps on the main deck of the sunken aircraft carrier USS Oriskany at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico.
We are SO thankful for all our hard-working firefighters around the country!
There's nothing like the look on a new dad's face when he's handed his child for the first time. Last Thursday, this sailor met his daughter for the first time after being deployed for 9 months at sea!


Millions of people are playing poker online every day. With this, online poker became one of the most popular pastimes in the world. It was said that poker is easy to learn but difficult to master. It is time that you consider a few strategies to increase your win-rate. At the end of the day, you will become a more confident and profitable poker player.
There are hundreds of sites or operators these days. The challenge is to find the right one. You have to identify a rogue casino from reputable ones. To scour the market, it is important that you check the licensing and regulation of the site. You should know that the licensing and regulatory information of every site is displayed at the bottom of the homepage.
If you want to know more about the site, you can directly go to their "About Us" page. This section will show the owner or operator information like name, address, and contact number. If you are not satisfied, you should find the "Terms and Conditions" section. On top of this, you should check the deposit options, game selections, casino bonuses, free games and many more. You can start with qqpoker.
Before you indulge in playing poker, it is important that you think about your goal first. Do you want to play for fun or to win money? Even if you play for fun, you do not want to lose money. If you play to win, you should focus on mastering poker. Deciding about your goal will make your decisions easier.
Loose: this is the opposite of tight. In this style, you play with a willingness to gamble.
style is simple – making big bets to put other players under pressure.
Passive: this is the opposite of aggressive. The player will call more often than betting thereby letting the opponents dictate the action.
When you play, you have to choose styles or approaches. If there is a style that you prefer, you should consider it. However, if you want to play with all the styles, you are on to something. The ability to switch between styles is helpful. Keep in mind that adopting a style can make you comfortable with betting.
Another strategy is to avoid tilt. The enemy will see your weakness and exploit it – only if you let them. Remember that emotional play will lead to poor decisions and eventually losing money. Tilting can happen to anyone and sometimes, the only cure is to take a break. Taking a break is okay because the game will always be there thirty minutes from now. In fact, it will still be there tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.


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Contact Log In Donate
The Power of Endowments: One Gift for Many Generations
June 26, 2017 1:33 pm Published by Kiffy Werkheiser
An endowed gift lasts forever. It's carefully invested – but never spent – and the investment returns power change in the community for generations. Endowments enable donors and nonprofit organizations to create a stable source of funding and invest in the future. A great example of an endowed fund at John Randolph Foundation is the Trudy Bogese Endowment for Youth Development, which awards summer camp scholarships to kids. The children of today, their children, and their grandchildren will have the opportunity go to camp because of this fund.
A donor or nonprofit organization makes a gift to the Foundation for a specific purpose. The endowed gift, also called the principal, is carefully invested but never spent. (The Colony Group manages JRF's investments with oversight by our Investment Advisory Committee, comprised of volunteer Trustees and advisors.) Then, the Foundation gives away a portion of the fund's investment returns annually through grants, scholarships, or awards, depending on the fund's purpose. As you can see in the graph below, an endowed fund of $100,000 could give away $96,300 to the community over 20 years while growing the endowment to $131,935.
As the endowment grows, so does your impact on the community. Now that's pretty powerful!
Note: These figures are based on a 6.1% investment return which has been the JRF average for the past 20 years.
John Randolph Foundation honors the charitable intentions of donors, consistent with community needs, in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. Please visit our Donor Resources page for sample documents, policies, and more.
If you are interested in learning more about endowments at John Randolph Foundation, please contact Ann Easterling, Development Program Officer, at 804.458.2239 [email protected]. If you would like to create an endowed scholarship, please contact Bonnie Falls, Scholarship Program Officer, at 804.458.2239 [email protected].
This post was written by Kiffy Werkheiser
Healthy communities.
Bright futures.
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© 2020 John Randolph Foundation | 112 North Main Street, P.O. Box 1606, Hopewell, VA 23860 | Office: 804.458.2239 | Fax: 804.458.3754


The page provides the exchange rate of 150000 Colombian Peso (COP) to Singapore Dollar (SGD), sale and conversion rate. Moreover, we added the list of the most popular conversions for visualization and the history table with exchange rate diagram for 150000 Colombian Peso (COP) to Singapore Dollar (SGD) from Tuesday, 23/04/2019 till Tuesday, 16/04/2019. Latest update of 150000 Colombian Peso (COP) exchange rate.
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Provide comfort for the family of Dorothy Durette with a meaningful gesture of sympathy.
Dorothy Durette was born December 29, 1930 and departed this life for her eternal home on Tuesday, March 26, 2019.
Her remains will lie in state on Friday, April 5, 2019 from 1pm until 8pm at Small's Mortuary, Mobile, AL. A visitation will be held on Saturday, April 6, 2019 from 8am until the 10am funeral Hour at Revelation Missionary Baptist Church, 1711 Taylor Lane, Mobile, Alabama.
To send flowers in memory of Dorothy Parker Durette, please visit our Heartfelt Sympathies Store.


Edit of 29 August 2008: Am adding a couple of images to help clarify the importance of actually understanding new ways of creating, sharing, and leveraging knowledge. YES, the Internet has led to an order of magnitude or more knowledge creation and sharing but NO, it has not led to a dramatic change in the definition of knowledge or the role played by knowledge.
With a tip of the hat to SALON and book reviewer Laura Miller, whose review can be found at the URL in the comment, I want to add this book to those I recommend for the growing body of citizens who are truly skeptical of the Internet as a panacea, and suspicious of Google and other "snake oil" vendors.
Use the "see inside the book" feature just under the book cover above to examine details provided by the publisher.
Bottom line: we are entering a period when the "wealth of networks" may reinvent knowledge, but having read and reviewed The Necessary Revolution: How Individuals And Organizations Are Working Together to Create a Sustainable World only to be stunned at the end with its discussion of how many non-human primates are learning 500-1000 human words in sign language, I am now convinced, from a system of systems perspective, that the next big leap in reinventing knowledge will be not the emergence of smart mobs, armies of davids, the power of us, but rather, when Pierre Tielhard de Chardin's noosphere becomes a reality, and all living things have co-equal standing "in communion" with one another.
The nicest thing I can say about this book, other than to recommend it, is to link to other books that support the thesis the book presents: the Internet is NOT the big leap forward.
Next PostNext Review: The Necessary Revolution–How individuals and organizations are working together to create a sustainable world.


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Research article | Open | Open Peer Review | Published: 21 February 2015
Effectiveness of RHZE-FDC (fixed-dose combination) compared to RH-FDC + Z for tuberculosis treatment in Brazil: a cohort study
José Ueleres Braga1,2 &
Anete Trajman3,4
BMC Infectious Diseasesvolume 15, Article number: 81 (2015) | Download Citation
In 2009, Brazil was the sole high-burden country to use three drugs [rifampin (R), isoniazid (H) and pyrazinamide (Z)] as the standard treatment for sensitive tuberculosis, with RH in fixed-dose combination (FDC). In December 2009, the country has adopted the FDC four-drug regimen including ethambutol (E). The rationale was the expectation to reduce default and resistance rates, by increasing adherence to treatment and avoiding monotherapy. However, there is no consensus on the superior effectiveness of the RHZE-FDC regimen over RH-FDC + Z. In particular, few studies evaluated its influence on default and smear negativation rates.
We conducted a historic cohort study to assess the effectiveness of RHZE-FDC for the treatment of tuberculosis in Brazil, measured by the rates of treatment default and smear negativation in the second month of treatment, using secondary data from the national information system known as SINAN-TB.
The RHZE-FDC had a protective effect against treatment default compared to RH-FDC + Z, reducing it by 14%. However, it was not possible to show an effect of the RHZE-FDC on the rate of second month smear negativation. In addition to the regimen, other well-studied individual characteristics, such as older age (over 38 years) and higher education occupation were also protective against default. Conversely, alcoholism increased the probability of defaulting. These programmatic findings suggests the benefits of RHZE-FDC over RH-FDC + Z.
Our analysis of a cohort database in a high burden country shows that compared to RH-FDC + Z, RHZE-FDC reduces the default rates, independently of other influencing individual or health service factors.
Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Brazil. The country is part of the list of the 22 high-burden countries since its first edition [1], despite the recent advances in the control of the epidemics: incidence rates decreased from 47 in 2001 to 36 new cases/100,000 inhabitants in 2012. Nevertheless, cure (79%) and default (12%) rates remain way beyond those needed to attain the millennium development goals up to 2050 [2], to which the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) committed [3].
The advances in tuberculosis control, despite insufficient, were obtained after the adoption of a few strategies by the MoH [4]. Treatment for tuberculosis is free of charge in the country and includes the short regimen with rifampin since the seventies. Since the eighties, the MoH has strengthened the primary care services, and since the nineties, adopted the Family Health Strategy [5]. Additionally, the directly observed therapy (DOT) was recommended nationally [6].
However, to face the challenge of further improvement of operational tuberculosis indicators, new strategies were proposed. In the end of 2009, in the hope of reducing the rates of treatment default and halting the possible increase in resistance rates, the Brazilian National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) recommended the adoption of the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended regimen: Rifampin (R), Isoniazid (H), Pyrazinamide (Z) and Ethambutol (E) in fixed-combined doses (2RHZE-FDC/4RH-FDC) as replacement for the 2RH-FDC + Z/4RH-FDC in use at that time. This change was recommended for adults and adolescents over 10 years [7]. It was expected that the FDC presentation would increase treatment effectiveness by reducing default because of the smaller number of pills to be swallowed and because of possible better tolerance, since standard doses of H and Z for those weighting over 50 kg were reduced from 400 to 300 mg and from 2000 to 1200 mg, respectively [8]. Additionally, the NTP expected to halt the increase in resistance because the possibility of monotherapy would be avoided. Moreover, the addition of E was expected to decrease failure among patients with suspected H-resistant TB. Despite the alarming increase in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in many parts of the world, resistant rates remain low in Brazil. Finally, an easier administration of drug supply was expected with the "new" regimen.
However, there is no consensus in the literature on the higher efficacy of the FDC regimen when compared to separate drug regimens for treating tuberculosis. The higher efficacy of the RHZE over RHZ is also poorly studied, mainly in countries having adopted it recently. Three systematic reviews (SR) on FDC versus separate drug regimens for tuberculosis treatment are available [9-11]. In the recently published (2013) SR by Albanna et al. [9] that included 15 randomized control trials (RCT), FDC was not associated with reduction in failure, relapse, two-month smear/culture positivity (an early surrogate for cure), or emergence of drug resistance as compared to separate drug formulation. Out of five RCTs that evaluated adherence, none favoured FDC formulations.
Monedero & Caminero [11] also concluded that regarding cure and relapse rates, the FDC are not superior to separate drugs for treating tuberculosis. Only one out of the 15 included studies evaluated prevention of resistance, and other important outcomes, such as default rates and two-month smear negativation, were not evaluated in these studies. The authors concluded that the FDC regimen should be recommended for logistic reasons, costs and practicability, but not on effectiveness grounds.
The third SR, dated 2004, is a more generic review of FDC treatments and included two studies on tuberculosis [10], which did not corroborate the superiority of this regimen.
Thus, little information is available on the effectiveness of the RHZE-FDC in high burden countries that have already adopted other strategies, such as DOT and decentralization for tuberculosis control. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of RHZE-FDC compared to RH-FDC + Z for tuberculosis treatment in Brazil, using a historical cohort database with secondary data from the national surveillance information system (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação da Tuberculose – SINAN-TB). Outcomes were treatment default and negativation of smears at the second month of treatment.
We conducted a non-concurrent cohort observational study to evaluate the effects of interventions applied to subjects diagnosed and treated in Brazilian health care units from five cities. In Brazil, tuberculosis is a compulsorily notified disease and both diagnosis and treatment are provided free of charge in the public national health system (Sistema Único de Saúde-SUS). There are no individual selection criteria for the use of any tuberculosis treatment regimen in new cases in Brazil. The NTP distributes the drugs to the State and Municipal Health Departments, which distribute to health units upon case notification. The adoption of FDC was a programmatic decision and its implementation was progressive, during our study period. Once the health unit implements the regimen, all patients will receive the same treatment. Other regimens will only be available for intolerance or resistance.
We selected new tuberculosis cases (untreated previously) who started treatment from October 2009 to September 2010, residents in five eligible cities according to the following criteria: (i) cities in the five geographical regions of the country; (ii) with at least 120 notified cases yearly; (iii) with different incidence rates (over and above the national incidence rate) e (iv) with different proportions of cases using RHZE-FDC (under 30%, between 30 and 70% and over 70%) during the study period.
Based on these criteria, the following cities were selected by convenience: Goiânia (Central region, low incidence), Manaus, Salvador and Porto Alegre (high incidence, over 70% use of FDC-RHZE in the North, Northeast and South regions, respectively) and Rio de Janeiro (high incidence, under 30% of FDC-RHZE use, Southeast region).
Since besides individual characteristics, health service-related characteristics can influence the outcomes of this kind of intervention, both were collected and analysed as independent variables in a hierarchized model. Individual variables present in SINAN and included in our analyses were: (a) sex, (b) age group, (c) schooling, (d) occupation, (e) living in prisons, (f) alcoholism, (g) diabetes, (h) mental disease, (i) HIV infection, (j) other co-morbidities and (k) DOT. Health care service-related variables were: (1) facilities treating more than 125 cases yearly, (2) DOT implemented in the unit, (3) follow-up smears requested in the unit, (4) units having their own laboratorial facilities, (5) complete health team, including physician, nurse and social worker, (6) units with a social service, (7) units with community health care agents, (8) units with the Family Health Strategy, (9) units with training activities, (10) units with primary care services (11) units having exclusively primary care. These facility-related data were extracted from the National Registry of Health Care Units (Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde), available at cnes.datasus.gov.br, accessed on July 12 2012, and validated with the municipal tuberculosis program by one of the authors.
The notification system allows entry of separate drugs used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Until the adoption of the FDC-RHZE treatment, E was not used in the country for new cases, only for retreatment cases. Hence, we considered that reported new cases using E after the implementation of RHZE-FDC in the city were using the FDC formulation. Likewise, registries of new cases using R, H and Z only were considered to be using the previous RH-FDC + Z regimen.
The effectiveness was evaluated using two outcomes: default (according to the NTP guidelines, 30 days without treatment or 60 days without follow up) and negativation of smear at the second month of treatment (a hallmark for deciding on treatment change according to the National Guidelines) [8]. Both treatment outcomes were obtained in the follow-up SINAN database. Details on the quality of the SINAN database during the study period are available elsewhere [12]. In summary, a previous quality evaluation including completeness and consistence criteria had shown that the database was suitable for this kind of analysis.
A hierarchized logistic regression model was used considering two levels, the individual and the collective. The final model originated from the specific models for each of both levels. A significance cut-off of 0.2 was considered to include variables from the specific level models. Using the stepwise method, the final model considered a 0.05 significance cut-off.
The use of the tuberculosis surveillance database was authorized by the Brazilian NTP under confidentiality condition. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Social Medicine Institute of Rio de Janeiro State University and by the National Ethical Committee (25000.219561/2011-72). Since this study was based on secondary data, routinely collected and registered in the national surveillance information system, informed consent was not obtained from individual patients. The ethical boards were aware and exempted from the consent procedure. The intervention (treatment with RHZE-FDC) was not the researchers decision, we just documented the differences between patients, services and cities having implemented the recommended regimen or not.
A total of 11,111 patients were included, of whom 46% were residents in Rio de Janeiro, situated in the Southeast region, which concentrates more than half the Brazilian population; 23% in Salvador, 14% in Manaus and Porto Alegre each and 3% in Goiânia. Table 1 shows the distribution of patients in the cities according to the type of treatment.
Table 1 Distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis patients per city according to the type of treatment from October 2009 to September 2010
Patients who received the RHZE-FDC regimen were more likely to be older, illiterate, alcoholics, have other co-morbidities considering a 0.05 significance level; while those under RH-FDC + Z were more likely to be in prisons (Table 2). These differences indicated that patients' heterogeneity should be taken into account in the evaluation of the effect of the intervention on the outcomes. They could be also due to differences overtime, since RHZE-FDC patients corresponded to more recent notifications in the same city.
Table 2 Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients according to the type of treatment from October 2009 to September 2010
Regarding health service characteristics, patients receiving RHZE-FDC were more likely to be treated in units treating less than 125 cases per year, with DOT implemented, performing follow-up smears and having exclusively primary care services. Conversely, those receiving RH-FDC + Z were more likely to have complete health teams, a social service, community health agents, the Family Health Strategy, teaching activities and primary care (Table 3).
Table 3 Characteristics of health care units where pulmonary tuberculosis patients were treated according to the type of treatment from October 2009 to September 2010
The effect of FDC-RHZE on treatment default
In the present study period, in the five cities, default was the treatment outcome in 14% of new cases. This rate varied from 7.5% in Salvador to 20.3% in Porto Alegre. The FDC-RHZE regimen appears to have a protective effect against default compared to the RH-FDC + Z regimen but this lost significance when adjusted for individual characteristics. Older age and higher education occupation had a protective effect while alcoholism and HIV co-infection were directly associated to defaulting (Additional file 1: Table S1).
When health clinic characteristics are considered, the FDC-RHZE regimen has a protective effect, even when adjusted for the characteristics that influence default. The existence of a laboratory facility in the health unit was the most important characteristic protecting against default. Other protective characteristics were DOT adoption and follow-up smears (Additional file 1: Table S2).
The final hierarchized model including both individual and health facility characteristics showed that the FDC-RHZE has a 14% protective effect against default, detectable when excluded the influence of the other aspects that are also associated with default (Table 4).
Table 4 Risk factors for TREATMENT DEFAULT among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October 2009 to September 2010 (hierarchized model)
The effect of FDC-RHZE on negativation of second month follow-up smears
The information on follow up smear at the second month was available for 2,792 (25.1%) patients. Negativation of second month smear occurred in 68% of them. The highest rate of negativation was observed in Manaus (74%) and the lowest in Rio de Janeiro (56%).
Compared to those using RH-FDC + Z, patients receiving FDC-RHZE had a higher probability of having a negative smear on the second month of treatment. The individual characteristics influence little this outcome, a part from a using DOT (Additional file 1: Table S3).
However, when simultaneously considering the health facility-related characteristics, the protection by FDC-RHZE is not sustained. Patients treated in units with more than 125 cases yearly are less likely to have a negative smear on the second month, while the inverse is observed among those treated in units that adopted DOT or have exclusively primary care services (Additional file 1: Table S4).
The final, hierarchized model shows that FDC-RHZE has no influence on the second month-smear negativation. The other variables with an influence in the specific model sustained significance in the final model (Table 5).
Table 5 Risk factors for SECOND MONTH SMEAR NEGATIVATION among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October 2009 to September 2010 (hierarchized model)
In the present study, default rate was high (14%), significantly higher than the rate tolerated by WHO (5%) [13]. This is not a surprise, given the default rates reported in the country as a whole [3]. Our analysis showed that as compared to RH-FDC + Z, RHZE-FDC had a protective effect of 14% against defaulting from tuberculosis treatment. However, no protective effect was observed for second month-smear negativation.
Studies comparing FDC and separated drug outcomes using secondary notification data were not found in the literature. However, the set of controlled trials in the last two decades that analysed FDC versus single drugs for tuberculosis treatment found no protective effects on cure, relapse or smear negativation rates [11]. However, programmatic, operational studies can have different outcomes when compared with the controlled conditions of a randomized controlled trial. In our evaluation using the MoH database, previously shown to be suitable for this type of analyses, we did not find such protection either, at least when compared to RH-FDC + Z. The outcome default using FDCs has been less explored in the literature. Both older (1987) [14] and more recent (2002) [15] studies did not detect any difference in default rates, although smear negativation rates increased with FDC in the former, as well as in more recent studies [16].
The most important experimental study on this matter was recently published by Lienhardt et al. [17]. This randomized controlled trial known as The Study C was conducted in 11 sites in Africa, Asia and Latin America between 2003 and 2008. Unlike ours, this study aimed to evaluate safety and effectiveness of FDC-RHZE compared to RHZE in separate formulation, and the main outcome was a negative culture at 18 months after treatment onset. The study concluded that the non-inferiority condition was attained and that FDCs are better accepted because of the potential advantages associated with their administration as compared to the separate drugs. Unlike the previously reported studies, ours uses an observational methodology, and two different regimens (not only the formulation) are compared. Thus, we cannot conclude that the benefits of the RHZE-FDC regimen are due exclusively to its fixed-dose presentation, since doses were different and an additional drug (E) was included.
Because randomization is not possible in the used study design, we adjusted for potential confounding variables, both at the individual and at the health service level. Our results indicate that at the individual level, besides the regimen, patients with older age and higher education occupation, a proxy for socioeconomic status, were less likely to default, while alcoholism increased the risk for default. These individual variables were largely explored in the literature and there is solid evidence to support their role in defaulting, as summarized in a meta-analysis [18,19]. Other characteristics not present in SINAN database, such as adverse events and unemployment, and other not amenable in this king of study, such as knowledge and believes, have also been shown to influence default rates [18,19] It is beyond of the scope of the present study to discuss each of these factors. They were only analysed to verify if the effect of the RHZE-FDC regimen was spurious or independent of these variables, since there was no randomization. Likewise, although drug bioavailability is another important factor explored in FDC studies, this discussion is out of the scope of the present analysis [20,21]. Finally, regarding the laboratory outcome, negative culture at 18 months, recommended as an endpoint by international bodies to evaluate failure and relapse, was not available in the Brazilian surveillance database. Second-month negativation is indeed, not a sensitive surrogate for these outcomes. Our choice of the second-month negativation as an outcome was however justified because [1] it was the best available information, since it is a national recommendation to request culture if the mandatory sputum smear at the second month is positive and [2] the rationale for the regimen replacement was high rates of default and of resistance, and the second-month negativation is a good predictor of resistance.
Adherence is probably the factor that most influence the effectiveness of any treatment [22]. This is the reason why we chose default as one of the outcomes in the present analysis. Besides influencing effectiveness, irregular and incomplete tuberculosis treatments are also responsible for emergence of multidrug resistant-tuberculosis (which we could not evaluate).
Interestingly, while only individual characteristics and the FDC regimen had an effect on default, only health care characteristics, such as DOT, service organization and workload influenced the smear negativation rate. The Family Health Strategy increases the bonding between the community and the health services [5]. This attachment, mostly developed through the community health agent, may be at the origin of better tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Brazil [19,23]. Likewise, despite the controversy [24,25], DOT has been recognized as an excellent strategy that has prevented 4.6–6.3 million deaths between 1995 and 2009 in the world since its implementation [26]. Finally, the importance of a multidisciplinary team to deal with this socially determined disease could not be overemphasized.
Individual characteristics presented by patients from our sample might have been a result of selection bias. However, they had the same profile as those not included in the analyses (data not shown) thus we do not believe our results are a consequence of bias. Another possible limitation would be the quality of data itself, since the source of the database was the routine surveillance information system. Nevertheless, a previous quality control [12] showed that the data gathered was adequate for analysis. The sputum negativation outcome was available only for one quarter of patients, reducing the statistical power for this outcome. However, it is unlikely that it jeopardizes the validity of the results. In addition, despite selecting new cases, multiresistant cases could have been included, but again, it is unlikely that those patients could have selectively received one of the treatment regimens. Finally, a classification bias might have occurred because we considered any RHZE as using FDC formulation in the period of the intervention. Although this can have overestimated the number of patients under FDC, it is unlikely that it had any effect on the analysis of individual and collective factors associated with the selected outcomes.
On the other hand, the inclusion of several cities with heterogeneous health unit performance and different probabilities of use of the treatment regimens allowed a wide spectrum of individual and health system characteristics, necessary for adjustments of the effect measures. For example, most patients in Rio received the RH-FDC + Z regimen in heterogeneous health units. This is the reason why we adjusted for health unit characteristics and not for cities. In addition, the option of conducting a study with an internal comparison group instead of a "before and after" design reduces the chances of observing effects (such as default rates) that could be attributed to other non-controlled interventions concurrent to the implementation of the new regimen.
Although observational studies are not ideal for evaluating programmatic interventions, this was the only possible method because the intervention was already launched when we planned the study. On the other hand, it had the advantage of showing the pragmatic effect of the "new" treatment on notified cases. Retrospectively, it strengthens the Brazilian NTP decision to change the treatment in the country. As new, shorter regimens are under investigation and expected for a near future (as pointed at http://www.tballiance.org/downloads/Pipeline/TBA%20Pipeline%20Q1%202015%282%29.pdf), it is important to plan cluster randomized studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention at the health service level. However, secondary data from the national surveillance system is also a source of reliable and useful information in early adopter countries.
In summary, our analysis of a cohort database in a high burden country shows that compared to RH-FDC + Z, RHZE-FDC reduces the default rates by 14%, independently of other influencing individual or health service factors, which eventually have a stronger effect.
WHO. Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. WHO/HTM/TB/2012.6.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The millennium development goals report 2008. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs; 2008. p. 52.
BRASIL, Ministerio da Saude. Tuberculose: alinhada com o social, afinada com a tecnologia. Brasilia: Ministério da Saúde; 2013 [cited 2013 August 10 2013]. Available from: http://portalsaude.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2014/maio/06/boletim2-2013-tb-web.pdf.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Políticas de S. Manual técnico para o controle da tuberculose. Technician manual for the tuberculosis control. 2002;Array:64.
Escorel S, Giovanella L, Mendona MHM, Senna MCM. O Programa de Saude da FamÌlia e a construcao de um novo modelo para a atencao basica no Brasil. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2007;21(2/3):164–76.
Brasil. Ministerio da Saude. Coordenacao de Pneumologia Si. Manual de normas para o controle da tuberculose. Manual of Rules to Control the Tuberculosis. 1995;50.
BRASIL. Nota técnica sobre as mudanças no tratamento da tuberculose no Brasil para adultos e adolescentes. Norma técnica. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde/ Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde/Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiologica/ Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose, 2009 28 de agosto de 2009. Report No.
BRASIL. Manual de recomendações para o controle da tuberculose no Brasil. Saúde Md, Saúde SdVe, Epidemiológica DdV, editors. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011. p. 284.
Albanna AS, Smith BM, Cowan D, Menzies D. Fixed-dose combination antituberculosis therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(3):721–32.
Horne DJ, Royce SE, Gooze L, Narita M, Hopewell PC, Nahid P, et al. Sputum monitoring during tuberculosis treatment for predicting outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(6):387–94.
Monedero I, Caminero JA. Evidence for promoting fixed-dose combination drugs in tuberculosis treatment and control: a review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15(4):433–9.
Braga J, Conceição D, Schlussel M, Loureiro R. Relatório técnico - Estudo da efetividade e da aceitabilidade do tratamento da tuberculose com o esquema 4 em 1 DFC (Dose Fixa Combinada). Rio de Janeiro: CEPESC - UERJ; 2011.
WHO. Global tuberculosis control: WHO report 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. WHO/HTM/TB/2011.16.
Geiter LJ, O'Brien RJ, Combs DL, Snider Jr DE. United States Public Health Service Tuberculosis Therapy Trial 21: preliminary results of an evaluation of a combination tablet of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide. Tubercle. 1987;68(2 Suppl):41–6.
Su WJ, Perng RP. Fixed-dose combination chemotherapy (Rifater/Rifinah) for active pulmonary tuberculosis in Taiwan: a two-year follow-up. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6(11):1029–32.
Zaka-Ur-Rehman Z, Jamshaid M, Chaudhry A. Clinical evaluation and monitoring of adverse effects for fixed multidose combination against single drug therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2008;21(2):185–94.
Lienhardt C, Cook SV, Burgos M, Yorke-Edwards V, Rigouts L, Anyo G, et al. Efficacy and safety of a 4-drug fixed-dose combination regimen compared with separate drugs for treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: the Study C randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011;305(14):1415–23.
Brasil PEAA, Braga JU. Meta-analysis of factors related to health services that predict treatment default by tuberculosis patients. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24:s485–502.
Ferreira V, Brito C, Portela M, Escosteguy C, Lima S. Implementação e resultados do DOTS em unidades básicas de saúde na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Rev Saude Publica. 2011;45(1):40–8.
Agrawal S, Singh I, Kaur KJ, Bhade SR, Kaul CL, Panchagnula R. Comparative bioavailability of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide from a four drug fixed dose combination with separate formulations at the same dose levels. Int J Pharm. 2004;276(1–2):41–9.
Suryanto AA, van den Broek J, Hatta M, de Soldenhoff R, van der Werf MJ. Is there an increased risk of TB relapse in patients treated with fixed-dose combination drugs in Indonesia? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12(2):174–9.
Urquhart J. Role of patient compliance in clinical pharmacokinetics. A review of recent research. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994;27(3):202–15.
Sá LD, Andrade MN, Nogueira JA, Villa TCS, Figueiredo TMRM, Queiroga RPF, et al. Implementation of the DOTS strategy in the control of TB in Paraiba: between the political commitment and the involvement of the teams of the family health program (1999–2004). Cien Saude Colet. 2011;16(9):3917–24.
Oliveira HM, Gonçalves MJF, Pires ROM. Characterization of the family health strategy in Amazonas state, Brazil: an analysis of implementation and impact. Cad Saude Publica. 2011;27(1):35–45.
Volmink J, Garner P. Directly observed therapy for treating tuberculosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;4:Cd003343.
Glaziou P, Floyd K, Korenromp EL, Sismanidis C, Bierrenbach AL, Williams BG, et al. Lives saved by tuberculosis control and prospects for achieving the 2015 global target for reducing tuberculosis mortality. Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(8):573–82.
Supported by the Ataulpho de Paiva Foundation, through a grant (OPGH 5254) by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. AT has a research grant by CNPq. We acknowledge Draurio Barreira, coordinator of the Brazilian NTP for allowing access to the tuberculosis database. None of the mentioned funding agencies are responsible for the statements in this article.
National School of Public Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
José Ueleres Braga
Social Medicine Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Anete Trajman
Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Correspondence to José Ueleres Braga.
AT and JUB conceived the study design. JUB did the statistical analysis and drafted the first manuscript version. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1: Table S1.
Individual risk factors for TREATMENT DEFAULT among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October 2009 to September 2010. Table S2. Health care facility risk factors for TREATMENT DEFAULT among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October 2009 to September 2010. Table S3. Individual risk factors for SECOND MONTH SMEAR NEGATIVATION among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October 2009 to September 2010. Table S4. Health care facility risk factors for SECOND MONTH SMEAR NEGATIVATION among pulmonary tuberculosis patients from October 2009 to September 2010.
Fixed-dose combination
Tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases


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Star Wars Resistance TV Show First Look And Premiere Date May Have Been Revealed
By Mick Joest
Disney made many Star Wars fans very excited a while back when it confirmed the existence of and early details behind Star Wars: Resistance, and the first look at the new anime-inspired series has now been revealed. The House of Mouse also might have revealed the upcoming animated series will actually debut this fall. But before we get into all that, here's the first glimpse at Star Wars: Resistance and its cast of characters:
The photo isn't the best quality as is, but it's solid enough to give us our first real look at Star Wars: Resistance's main man Kazudo Xiono (presumably character front and center on the right) as well as Poe Dameron over his left shoulder. Of course, we can't confirm with 100% certainty that character is Poe, but the general look of the character is very close to actor Oscar Isaac. Take that with the news that the actor will voice his character in the series, along with the presence of BB-8 in the bottom right corner, and it's looking pretty obvious that Poe is going to be one of Kazudo's allies as he joins the rebellion's fight against the First Order.
For a closer look:
That sheen on the center Stormtrooper's armor is unmistakable, and many believe that's none other than Captain Phasma, who will be voiced by the film's star, Gwendoline Christie. Phasma will be an aggressor for The First Order in Star Wars: Resistance, which isn't a spoiler, as the series was initially confirmed to take place prior to Star Wars: The Force Awakens. Its early-timeline status also may be why Poe isn't yet rocking that signature jacket he gave to Finn.
Fans may get to learn this lead-up story sooner than they might have expected to, as a Disney France employee revealed in a now-deleted tweet (via Slashfilm) that the animated series is set to premiere on Disney XD in October. Obviously, this employee may have deleted the tweet because they weren't supposed to reveal the info, but it's also possible they could've just been plain wrong.
Star Wars: Resistance's first look art certainly has some colorful characters, and many have probably taken particular notice of the red Stormtrooper at Phasma's right. It's possible this character is Captain Cardinal, a trainer for First Order recruits and a big character in the recent Star Wars novel Phasma. Cardinal essentially played the Phasma part before she joined up, which is why his First Order gear is colored differently from the other Stormtroopers. Without revealing too much about him, Cardinal and Phasma have a very interesting dynamic, which will certainly be interesting to witness as this new series unfolds, assuming it's the same character.
The release date for Star Wars: Resistance is not official at this time, although it's possible that news may come out soon during San Diego Comic-Con. Stick with CinemaBlend for all breaking television news, and be sure to visit our summer premiere guide for a list of shows that are premiering now and in the coming weeks.
Mick Joest
Mick likes good television, but also reality television. He grew up on Star Wars, DC, Marvel, and pro wrestling and loves to discuss and dissect most of it. He's been writing online for over a decade and never dreamed he'd be in the position he is today.
The Orville's Penny Johnson Drops Humorously Relatable Video About Waiting For Season 4 Renewal At Hulu
Anne Hathaway Recalls Being Asked A Creepy Question By A Journalist When Just 16 Years Old
M&Ms Is Replacing Animated Spokescandies With Maya Rudolph For Super Bowl Ad, And The Internet Isn't Handling Things Well
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Whoopi Goldberg Got Called An 'Old Broad' On The View, And Actually Handled It Really Well


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Circobotys malaisei is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Eugene G. Munroe and Akira Mutuura in 1970. It is found in Myanmar.

References

Moths described in 1970
Pyraustinae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Indiscriminate killing is a plus.
These are mostly my most anticipated games scheduled for release at the back-end of this year. It's a complete list so far but will be updated when more release dates have been announced.
14th August – Darksiders II.
14th August – Sleeping Dogs .
19th August – New Super Mario Bros. 2.
24th August – Dark Souls: Prepare to Die Edition.
28th August – Guild Wars 2.
11th September – Tekken Tag Tournament 2.
11th September – NHL 13.
18th September – Borderlands 2.
25th September – Dead or Alive 5.
28th September – FIFA 13.
7th October – Pokémon Black 2 and Pokémon White 2.
2nd October – Resident Evil 6.
2nd October – NBA 2K13.
9th October – XCOM: Enemy Unknown.
23rd October – Medal of Honor: Warfighter.
23rd October – PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royal.
23rd October – Forza Horizon.
30th October – Assassin's Creed III.
3oth October – Need for Speed: Most Wanted.
6th November – Halo 4.
13th November – Call of Duty: Black Ops 2.
20th November – Hitman: Absolution .
2nd December – New Super Mario Bros. U.
4th December – Far Cry 3.
Which will you get? or maybe all of them?
The UK Best Selling Video Games of 2011.
Japan's Best-Selling Video Games of 2011.


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Commentary articles
Elias Mamalakis
Elias Mamalakis was born in Athens. He studied Economics, worked many years as a senior executive in multinational companies. After several experiences, being around forty years old, he started dealing with gastronomy.
- He has written to this date twelve (12) books (including one novel) with the mainstream always being cooking and welfare, and three CD with recipes and fairytales.
- In April 2007 he took over as director of of the BBC OLIVE issue, in its Greek version.
- He was Issue Director of the cooking insert of the "World of Investor" entitled "Delicacies".
- He edits the culinary pages of ELLE magazine
- He was for three years the main presenter of the show "The Kitchen Full speed" on MEGA CHANNEL.
- He was the editor and presenter of the show BOUKIA & SYCHORIO presented at MEGA CHANNEL
- From the channel ET3 he presented a series of documentaries on the history of Greece. In the first season he brought the pre-revolutionary period and the life of Katsantonis and second season he presented the life of Theodore Kolokotronis.
- He participated in the play "The Delicious" at the Train in Rouf, directed by Tatiana Ligari.
- He has designed a series of 6 different chocolates on behalf of Fresh Patisserie one of which is green tea and another with salt
- To this date he is a consultant to the food industry on issues of taste.
- He is a founding member of the site Protagon.gr of Stavros Theodorakis where the journalism he does have nothing to do with matters relating to the kitchen.
- He holds seminars on the Greek cheese, ancient Greek cuisine, Mediterranean diet and more.
- He holds a daily radio show on the Oasis frequency 88 at 10.00, 12.00, at 16.00 and 19.00 and two-hour broadcast every Saturday at 12.00 at the frequency 96.6 Difono.
- He participates as a judge in the contest of the Greeks in the TOP CHEF on Antenna.