text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}

 The concept of the zero divisor graph of a ring $R$ was first introduced by I.Beck [1] in 1988 where he considered the set of zero divisors including zero and introduced the concepts such as diameter, grith and clique number of a zero divisor graph. Then later on Anderson and Livingston in [2], Akbari and Mohammadian in [3]  continued the study of zero divisor graph and they considered only the non-zero zero divisors. The concepts of the energy and Wiener index of a zero divisor graph was introduced by Mohammad Reza and Reza Jahani in [4],  for the ring $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_n}]$ for $n=p^2$ and $n=pq$ where $p$ and $q$ are prime numbers. Motivated by the work of Mohammad Reza and Reza Jahani, in this article, we are extending the concepts of adjacency matrix,  energy and Wiener index of the zero divisor graph to the rings ${\mathbb{Z}_n}$ for $n=p^3\, \text{and}\, p^2q$, where p,q are primes.

 In this article,  section 2, is about the preliminaries and notations related to zero divisor graph of a commutative ring $R$, in section 3, we derive the standard form of the adjacency matrix of the zero divisor graph  $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_n}]$, in section 4 we discuss  the eigenvalues of the graph $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_n}]$ and  in section 5, we find the Wiener index of $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_n}]$ for $n=p^3\, \text{and}\, p^2q$.
 \section{Preliminaries and Notations}\label{sec:2}
\begin{definition}({\textbf{Zero divisor Graph}}){\cite{1}}\\
Let R be a commutative ring with unity and $ Z[R]$ be the set of its zero divisors. Then the zero divisor graph of R denoted by  $\Gamma[R]$, is the graph(undirected) with vertex set  $Z^*[R]= Z[R]-\{\mathbf{0}\}$, the non-zero zero divisors of $R$, such that two vertices $v,w \in Z^*[R]$ are adjacent if $vw=0$.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}({\textbf{Adjacency matrix of $\Gamma[R]$}})\\
 The adjacency matrix of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma[R]$ is the matrix $[v_{ij}]$ with rows and columns labeled by the vertices and is given by
\begin{align*} v_{ij}=\left\{
   \begin{array}{ll}
     1, & \hbox{$v_i\, \text{is adjacent to}\, v_j$;} \\
     0, & \hbox{$otherwise$.}
   \end{array} \right.
\end{align*}
Adjacency matrix of $\Gamma[R]$ is denoted by $M(\Gamma[R])$. Clearly for an undirected graph, the adjacency matrix is symmetric.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}({\textbf{Energy of $\Gamma[R]$}}){\cite{6}}\\
The energy of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma[R]$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix $M(\Gamma[R])$ i.e., if $ \lambda_1, \lambda_2,\cdots, \lambda_n$ are $n$ eigenvalues of $M(\Gamma[R])$, then the energy of $\Gamma[R]$ is $E(\Gamma[R])=  \sum\limits_{i=1}^n{|\lambda_i|} $.
\end{definition}
\begin{definition}({\textbf{Weiner index of $\Gamma[R]$}}){\cite{7}}\\
 Let  $\Gamma[R]$ be a zero divisor graph with vertex set $V$. We denote the length of the shortest path between every pair of vertices $x,y\in V$ with d(x,y). Then the Wiener index of  $\Gamma[R]$ is the sum of the distances between all pair of vertices of  $\Gamma[R]$, i.e.,  $ W(\Gamma[R])= \sum\limits_{x,y\in V} d(x,y) $.
\end{definition}
\section{Adjacency Matrix of $\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_n]$}\label{sec:3}
In this section, we derive the standard form of the adjacency matrix of $\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_n]$ for $n=p^3$ and $n=p^2q$, $p$ and $q$ being primes. To start with we consider $p=3$ and $n=3^3$.  Then the set of non-zero zero divisors of $Z_{27}$ is $\{3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24\}$. Now by considering these non-zero zero divisors in ascending order, we get the adjacency matrix as\\ $M(\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_{27}}])=\begin{bmatrix}
                                                      0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
                                                       1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
                                                       1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
                                                   \end{bmatrix} $\\
Instead of this, if we rearrange the non-zero zero divisors such that all the   multiples of 3 appear first and then the multiples of $3^2$, we get the adjacency matrix as\\
 $M(\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_{27}}])=\left[
                                                     \begin{array}{cccccc|cc}
                                                       0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 \\\hline
                                                       1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                       1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
                                                     \end{array}\right]$=$\left[
\begin{array}{c|c}
O&R\\\hline
R^t&S
\end{array}
\right]$\\
where $O$ is the zero matrix of order $6$ and $R$ and $S$ are matrices of ones of size $6\times 2$ and $2$ respectively.

After getting the above interesting form of the adjacency matrix, we tried  for several values of $n=8,125,343$, etc and got the adjacency matrix in similar form and this leads us to derive the standard form for $n=p^3$ in the following theorem.
\begin{theorem}\label{r1}
Let $n=p^3$ with $p$ prime. Then the adjacency matrix of the graph $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_{n}}]$ is \\
$M(\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_{n}}])=
 \begin{bmatrix}
                             O_{(p^2-p)} & R_{(p^2-p)\times(p-1)} \\
                                                                               R^{t}_{(p-1)\times(p^2-p)} & S_{(p-1)} \\
                          \end{bmatrix}$\\
                          where $O$ is the zero matrix  and $R$ and $S$ are the matrices of ones.
 \begin{proof}
Let $n=p^3$. Then the set of non-zero zero divisors of $\mathbb{Z}_n$ is\\
$Z^*[\mathbb{Z_\mathbf{n}}]=\{p,2p,3p,\cdots,(p^{2}-1)p\}$ with cardinality  $p^2-1$. \\
As explained in the example, we rewrite $Z^*[\mathbb{Z_\mathbf{n}}]= A\cup B $, where
\begin{align*}
 A &=\{kp|k= 1,2,\cdots,p^2-1\, \text{and}\, p\nmid k\}  \\
 B &=\{lp^2|l =1,2,3,\cdots,p-1\}
\end{align*}
and the adjacency matrix is labeled with elements of $A$ first then the elements of $B$.\\
It is clear that if $x,y \in A$ then $xy\neq 0$.\\
Since $|A|=p^2-p$, we get a zero matrix $O$ of size $p^2-p$ in the adjacency matrix.\\
And if $ x\in A, y \in B\, \text{or}\,  y \in A, x\in B$ then $xy=0$.\\
Since $|A|=p^2-p$ and $|B|=p-1$, we get a  matrix $R$ of ones  of size $(p^2-p)\times(p-1)$.\\
Also if $x,y \in B$, then $xy=0$ and hence we get a matrix $S$ of ones  of size $p-1$ in the adjacency matrix.\\
Hence the adjacency matrix by considering the elements of $A$ first and then the elements of $B$, we get\\
 $M(\Gamma\mathbb[{Z_n}])=\begin{bmatrix}
                             O_{(p^2-p)} & R_{(p^2-p)\times(p-1)} \\
                                                                               R^t_{(p-1)\times(p^2-p)} & S_{(p-1)} \\
                          \end{bmatrix}$.

 \end{proof}
\end{theorem}

Now we consider the case for $n=p^2q$ with $p$ and $q$ different primes and get the standard form of adjacency matrix in the following theorem.
\begin{theorem}\label{r2}
  Let $ n=p^2q$, where p,q are primes. Then the adjacency matrix of the graph $\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_{n}]$ is \\
   $M(\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_{n}]) = \left[ \begin{array}{cc|cc}
                                     O& O & R_{(p-1)(q-1)\times(p-1)} & O\\
                                     O & O& O & S_{p(p-1)\times(q-1)} \\[1mm]\hline
                                      R^{t} & O & T_{p-1}& U_{(p-1)\times (q-1)} \\
                                      O & S^{t}& U^t & O
                                  \end{array}\right]$\\
where $R,S,T$ and $U$  are matrices of ones.
 \begin{proof}
For $n=p^2q$, the non-zero zero divisors are multiples of $p$, multiples of $q$, multiples of $p^2$ and multiples of $pq$. \\
Hence $ Z^*[\mathbb{Z_\mathbf{n}}]= A\cup B\cup C\cup D $, where
\begin{align*}
A &=\{k_{1}p\,|\,k_1= 1,2,\cdots,pq-1\, \text{and}\, k_1\nmid p,q \}  \\
B &=\{k_{2}q\,|\,k_{2}=1,2,\cdots,p^2-1\, \text{and}\, k_2\nmid p\}\\
C &=\{k_{3}pq\,|\,k_{3}=1,2,\cdots,p-1\, \}\\
D &=\{k_{4}p^2\,|\,k_{4} =1,2,\cdots,q-1 \}
\end{align*}
Then $|A|=(p-1)(q-1)$, $|B|=p(p-1)$, $|C|=p-1$ and $|D|= q-1 $.\\
Since no element of $A$ is adjacent with an element of $A$ and $B$, we get the zero matrix of order $(p-1)(p+q-1)$.\\
Similarly we get zero matrices corresponding to $A$ and $D$; $B$ and $C$; and $D$ and $D$.\\
And as every element of $A$ is adjacent with every element of $C$ implies we get a matrix $R$ of ones of order $(p-1)(q-1)\times(p-1)$.\\
Similarly we get the matrix $S$ of ones corresponding to $B$ and $D$; the matrix $T$  of ones corresponding to $C$ and $C$; and the matrix $U$  of ones corresponding to $C$ and $D$.\\
Hence we get the adjacency matrix by considering the elements of $A$ first, then $B$,  then $C$ and then $D$ as\\
$M(\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_{n}]) = \left[ \begin{array}{cc|cc}
                                     O& O & R_{(p-1)(q-1)\times(p-1)} & O\\
                                     O & O& O & S_{p(p-1)\times(q-1)} \\[1mm]\hline
                                      R^{t} & O & T_{p-1}& U_{(p-1)\times (q-1)} \\
                                      O & S^{t}& U^t & O
                                  \end{array}\right]$
 \end{proof}
\end{theorem}
\section{Eigenvalues of the zero divisor graph  $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_n}]$}\label{sec:4}
In this section we discuss the non zero eigenvalues of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_n}]$ for $n=p^3$ and $n=p^2q$.
\begin{theorem}\label{r3}
Let $n=p^3$. Then the only non-zero eigenvalues of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{n})$ are given by ${\frac{(p-1)({1}\pm\sqrt{1+4p})}{2}}$.
\begin{proof} By theorem \ref{r1}, the adjacency matrix of $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}))$ is given by\\ $M(\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}}])=
 \begin{bmatrix}
                             O_{(p^2-p)} & R_{(p^2-p)\times(p-1)} \\
                                                                               R^{t}_{(p-1)\times(p^2-p)} & S_{(p-1)} \\
                          \end{bmatrix}$\\
                          where $O$ is the zero matrix  and $R$ and $S$ are the matrices of ones.\\
 Let $\lambda$ be a non-zero eigenvalue of $M(\Gamma[{\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}}])$.\\
 Then $|M-\lambda{I}| =\left|
 \begin{array}{cccc|cccc}
  -\lambda& 0 & \cdots & 0&1&1&\cdots&1 \\
  0 & -\lambda & \cdots & 0&1&1&\cdots&1 \\
  \vdots  & \vdots  & \ddots & \vdots &\vdots &\vdots & \vdots& \vdots\\
  0 & 0 & \cdots & -\lambda&1&1&\cdots&1\\\hline
  1&1&\cdots&1&1-\lambda&1&\cdots&1\\
  1&1&\cdots&1&1&1-\lambda&\cdots&1\\
  \vdots & \vdots& \vdots&\vdots  & \vdots & \vdots  & \ddots & \vdots\\
  1&1&\cdots&1&1&1&\cdots &1-\lambda
 \end{array}\right|= 0$\\
 Let $|M-\lambda{I}| = \begin{vmatrix}
                  A & B \\
                  C & D
                \end{vmatrix}$\\
 Then $|M-\lambda{I}|=|A||D-CA^{-1}B|=0$.\\
 Since  $A$ is a scalar matrix of order $p^2-p$, we get  $|A|=(-\lambda)^{p^2-p}$.\\
And  $ |CA^{-1}B|=
 \begin{vmatrix}
  \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \cdots & \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} \\
  \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \cdots & \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} \\
  \vdots  & \vdots  & \ddots & \vdots  \\
  \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda}& \cdots & \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda}
 \end{vmatrix}$\\[2mm]
 So $ |D-CA^{-1}B|=
 \begin{vmatrix}
  (1-\lambda)+\frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & 1+\frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \cdots &1+ \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} \\
  1+\frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} &(1-\lambda)+ \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & \cdots &1+ \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} \\
  \vdots  & \vdots  & \ddots & \vdots  \\
 1+ \frac{p-p^2}{\lambda} & 1+\frac{p-p^2}{\lambda}& \cdots & (1-\lambda)+\frac{p-p^2}{\lambda}
 \end{vmatrix}$\\
 Using the properties of the determinant, we get
   \begin{equation*}
  \mid D-CA^{-1}B\mid = (-1)^{p-1}\times\lambda^{p-3}[\lambda^2-(p-1)\lambda-(p^2-p)(p-1)]
 \end{equation*}
 Therefore, $|M-\lambda{I}|={\lambda^{p^2-p}}(-1)^{p-1}\times\lambda^{p-3}[\lambda^2-(p-1)\lambda-(p^2-p)(p-1)]=0$\\
 Since $\lambda\neq0$, we have $\lambda^2-(p-1)\lambda-(p^2-p)(p-1)=0 $
 \begin{align*}
\text{Hence},\,  \lambda &= { \frac{(p-1)\pm\sqrt{{(p-1}^2)+4(p^2-p)(p-1)}}{2}}\\
 &= { \frac{(p-1)\pm{(p-1)}\sqrt{{1}+4p}}{2}}\\
  &= { \frac{(p-1)({1\pm\sqrt{{1}+4p}})}{2}}
  \end{align*}
 \end{proof}
\end{theorem}
\begin{theorem}
  If p is a prime number then the Energy of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3})$ is $ E(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}))= (p-1)(\sqrt{{1+4p}})$.
\begin{proof}
Let $n=p^3$. Then by theorem \ref{r3}, the non-zero eigenvalues of  $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{n}))$ are given by
\begin{align*}
\lambda_{1} &= { \frac{(p-1)({1+\sqrt{{1}+4p}})}{2}} ,\\ \lambda_{2} &= { \frac{(p-1)({1-\sqrt{{1}+4p}})}{2}}\\
\text {Thus the Energy}, E(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}))&= |\lambda_{1}|+|\lambda_{2}|\\
&=\Big|{ \frac{(p-1)({1+\sqrt{{1}+4p}})}{2}}\Big|+\Big|{ \frac{(p-1)({1-\sqrt{{1}+4p}})}{2}}\Big|\\
&= \Big(\frac{p-1}{2}\Big)\Big(\sqrt{1+4p}+1+\sqrt{1+4p}-1\Big)\\
&=(p-1)(\sqrt{1+4p})
 \end{align*}
\end{proof}
\end{theorem}
\begin{theorem}
Let $n=p^2q$ with $p$ and $q$ primes. If $\lambda\neq0$ is a nonzero eigenvalue of the  zero divisor graph $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{n})$, then  \\ $\lambda^4-(p-1)\lambda^3-2p(q-1)^{2}(p-1)\lambda^2+p(p-1)^{2}(q-1)\lambda+p(p-1)^{3}(q-1)^{2}=0 $.
\begin{proof}
By theorem \ref{r2}, the adjacency matrix is given by\\
$M(\Gamma[\mathbb{Z}_{n}]) = \left[ \begin{array}{cc|cc}
                                     O& O & R_{(p-1)(q-1)\times(p-1)} & O\\
                                     O & O& O & S_{p(p-1)\times(q-1)} \\[1mm]\hline
                                      R^{t} & O & T_{p-1}& U_{(p-1)\times (q-1)} \\
                                      O & S^{t}& U^t & O
                                  \end{array}\right]$\\
where $R,S,T$ and $U$  are matrices of ones.\\
Let $\lambda$ be a nonzero eigenvalue of $M(\Gamma\mathbb[{Z_{p^{2}q}}])$.\\ Then
$|M-\lambda{I}| =\left|
 \begin{array}{cc}
 A&B\\
 C&D
 \end{array}
 \right|= 0$\\
 where
$A=\left[ \begin{array}{cccc}
-\lambda&0&\cdots&0\\
0&-\lambda&\cdots&0\\
\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
0&0&\cdots&-\lambda
\end{array}\right];\quad$
$B=C^t=\left[ \begin{array}{cccccc}
1&\cdots&1&0&\cdots&0\\
\vdots&&\vdots&\vdots&&\vdots\\
1&\cdots&1&0&\cdots&0\\
0&\cdots&0&1&\cdots&1\\
\vdots&&\vdots&\vdots&&\vdots\\
0&\cdots&0&1&\cdots&1\\
\end{array}\right]$\\
and $D=\left[ \begin{array}{cccccccc}
1-\lambda&1&\cdots&1&1&&\cdots&1\\
1&1-\lambda&\cdots&1&1&&\cdots&1\\
\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots&\vdots&&&\vdots\\
1&1&\cdots&1-\lambda&1&&\cdots&1\\
1&&\cdots&1&-\lambda&0&\cdots&0\\
1&&\cdots&1&0&-\lambda&\cdots&0\\
\vdots&&&\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
1&&\cdots&1&0&0&\cdots&-\lambda
\end{array}\right]$\\
Clearly $|A|= \lambda^ {pq+p^2-p-5}$\\[1mm]
$ |CA^{-1}B|=
 \begin{vmatrix}
  \frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda} & \cdots&  \frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda}  & 0 &\cdots & 0 \\
  \vdots&&\vdots&\vdots&&\vdots\\
  \frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda} & \cdots&  \frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda}  & 0 &\cdots & 0 \\
     0 & \cdots&0&   \frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda} & \cdots &\frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda}\\
     \vdots&&\vdots&\vdots&&\vdots\\
 0 & \cdots&0&   \frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda} & \cdots &\frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda}
  \end{vmatrix}$\\
 and hence $ |D-CA^{-1}B|=\\[1mm]
 \begin{vmatrix}
  1-\lambda+\frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda} & \cdots&  \frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda}  & 1 &\cdots & 1 \\
  \vdots&&\vdots&\vdots&&\vdots\\
  \frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda} & \cdots&  1-\lambda+\frac{(1-p)(q-1)}{\lambda}  & 1 &\cdots & 1 \\
     1 & \cdots&1&   -\lambda+\frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda} & \cdots &\frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda}\\
     \vdots&&\vdots&\vdots&&\vdots\\
 1 & \cdots&1&   \frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda} & \cdots &-\lambda+\frac{p(1-p)}{\lambda}
  \end{vmatrix}$\\
  \begin{equation*}
   = \lambda^{4}-(p-1)\lambda^{3}-2p(p-1)(q-1)\lambda^2+p(p-1)^{2}(q-1)\lambda+p(p-1)^{3}(q-1)^{2}.\\
 \end{equation*}
 Since $\lambda\neq0$, $|A|= \lambda^ {pq+p^2-p-5}$ and $|A||D-CA^{-1}B|=0$, we get\\
$ \lambda^{4}-(p-1)\lambda^{3}-2p(p-1)(q-1)\lambda^2+p(p-1)^{2}(q-1)\lambda+p(p-1)^{3}(q-1)^{2}=0$.\\
\end{proof}
\end{theorem}
\section{Wiener index of the zero divisor graph $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{n})$}\label{sec:5}
In this section we calculate the Wiener index of $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{n})$ for $n=p^3$ and $n=p^2q$.
\begin{theorem}
The Weiner index of the zero divisor graph  $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3})$ is\\ $(\frac{p-1}{2})(2p^{3}-3p-2)$.
\begin{proof}
Let $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3})$ be a zero divisor graph where p is a prime number.\\
Then the vertex set of  $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3})$ is divided into two sets
\begin{align*}
 A&=\{k_{1}p\,|\,k_{1}= 1,2,3,...,p^{2}-1\,\text{ and } k_{1}\nmid p\}  \\
  B&=\{k_{2}p^2\,|\,k_{2} =1,2,3,...,p-1\}
\end{align*}
where $|A|=p^2-p = n(say)$ and $|B|=p-1=m(say)$\\
Let $ x,y\in V(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}))$\\
Then either $ x,y\in A$ or $ x,y\in B$ or $ x\in A, y\in B $ \\
Suppose  $ x,y\in A $ . Since no two elements of A are adjacent and every element of A is adjacent with an element of B, we get $d(x,y)= 2$\\
Suppose  $ x,y\in B $ . Since any two elements of B are adjacent to each other,we get $d(x,y)= 1 $\\
Suppose  $ x\in A, y\in B. $ Since every element of A is adjacent with an element of B ,we get $d(x,y)= 1 $\\
Thus
\begin{align*}
 \sum\limits_{x,y \in A} d(x,y)&= \sum\limits_{i=2}^{n} d(x_{1},x_{i}) + \sum\limits_{i=3}^{n} d(x_{2},x_{i}) + ...+  d(x_{n-1},x_{n}) \\
 &=2(n-1)+2(n-2)+...+2=n(n-1)
 \end{align*}
Similarly  $\sum\limits_{x,y \in A} d(x,y)= (m-1)+(m-2)+...+1=\frac{m(m-1)}{2}$\\
And
\begin{align*}
 \sum\limits_{x \in A, y\in B } d(x,y)&= \sum\limits_{i=1}^{m} d(x_{1},y_{i}) + \sum\limits_{i=1}^{m} d(x_{2},y_{i}) + ...+   \sum\limits_{i=1}^{m} d(x_{n},y_{i}) \\
 &=m+m+...+m(n\, times)=nm
 \end{align*}
   Therefore,the Weiner index is
 \begin{align*}
   W(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^3}))&= \sum\limits_{x \in A, y\in B } d(x,y) + \sum\limits_{x,y \in A} d(x,y) + \sum\limits_{x,y \in B} d(x,y)\\
&= nm + n(n-1)+ \Big(\frac{m(m-1)}{2}\Big)\\
&=(p^{2}-p)(p-1)+ (p^{2}-p)(p-2)+ \frac{(p-1)(p-2) }{2} \\
&= \Big(\frac{p-1}{2}\Big)(2p^{3}-3p-2)
 \end{align*}
\end{proof}
\end{theorem}
\begin{theorem}
 The Wiener index of the zero divisor graph  $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^2q})$ is\\ $(\frac{1}{2})[p^{2}(2p^{2}-4p-1)+p(4p^{2}q+2pq^{2}-8pq-2q+5)+2]$ \\
\begin{proof}
Let $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^2q})$ be a zero divisor graph where p ,q are primes. \\
Then the vertex set of  $\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^2q})$ is divided into four sets
\begin{align*}
A &=\{k_{1}p\,|\,k_1= 1,2,3,...,pq-1\, \text{and}\, k_1\nmid p,q \}  \\
B &=\{k_{2}q\,|\,k_{2}=1,2,3,...,p^2-1\, \text{and}\, k_2\nmid p\}\\
C &=\{k_{3}pq\,|\,k_{3}=1,2,3,...,p-1\, \}\\
D &=\{k_{4}p^2\,|\,k_{4} =1,2,3,...,q-1 \}
\end{align*}
Then $\alpha = |A|= (p-1)(q-1)$,\\
$\beta = |B|=  p(p-1)$ ,\\
$\gamma = |C|=  (q-1)$ and\\
$\delta = |D|=  (p-1)$\\
For $ x,y\in V(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^2q}))$, we have the following cases:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Suppose $ x,y\in A$. Since no two elements of $A$ are adjacent and every element of $A$ is adjacent with an element of $D$, we get $d(x,y)= 2$
\item If $ x,y\in B$, since no two elements of $B$ are adjacent and every element of $B$ is adjacent with an element of $C$,we get $d(x,y)= 2 $
\item If $ x,y\in C$, as no two elements of $C$ are adjacent and every element of $C$ is adjacent with an element of either $B$ or $D$ ,we get $d(x,y)= 2$
\item If $ x,y\in D $, being any two elements of D are adjacent, we get $d(x,y)= 1$
\item Now suppose $ x\in A, y\in B$, as no element of $A$ is adjacent with an element of $B$, we get $d(x,y)= 2 $\\
With similar arguments we get,
\item If $ x\in A, y\in C$,  $d(x,y)= 2 $
\item If $ x\in A, y\in D$, $d(x,y)= 1 $
\item If $ x\in B, y\in C$,  $d(x,y)= 1 $
\item If $ x\in B, y\in D$,  $d(x,y)= 2 $
\item If $ x\in C, y\in D$,  $d(x,y)= 1 $
\end{enumerate}
Hence the Weiner index is
 \begin{align*}
   W(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^2q})&= \sum\limits_{x,y \in \{\text{same\, sets}\}} d(x,y) + \sum\limits_{x,y \in \{\text{different\, sets}\}} d(x,y)\\
&=\sum\limits_{i=2} d(x_{1},x_{i}) + \sum\limits_{i=3} d(x_{2},x_{i}) + ...+  d(x_{n-1},x_{n})\\
& +\sum\limits_{i=1} d(x_{1},y_{i}) + \sum\limits_{i=1} d(x_{2},y_{i}) + ...+ \sum\limits_{i=1} d(x_{n},y_{i})\\
 &=2[(\alpha-1)+(\alpha-2)+...+2+1] + 2[(\beta-1)+(\beta-2)+...+2+1] \\
 &+ 2[(\gamma-1)+(\gamma-2)+...+2+1]+1[(\delta-1)+(\delta-2)+...+2+1]\\
 &+2[\alpha\beta]+2[\alpha\gamma]+[\alpha\delta]+[\beta\gamma]+2[\beta\delta]+[\gamma\delta].\\
 &= \alpha(\alpha-1) + \beta(\beta-1) +\gamma(\gamma-1)+ \frac{\delta(\delta-1)}{2} \\
 &+2\alpha\beta+2\alpha\gamma+\alpha\delta+\beta\gamma+2\beta\delta+\gamma\delta
  \end{align*}
By substituting the values of $\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta$ in above and on solving, we get \\
$W(\Gamma(\mathbb{Z}_{p^2q}) = (\frac{1}{2})[p^{2}(2p^{2}-4p-1)+p(4p^{2}q+2pq^{2}-8pq-2q+5)+2]$.
  \end{proof}
\end{theorem}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


DS107 Frameless Shower Door Seal Replacement.
98″ long (8 feet long) for 3/16″ thru 1/2" glass.
Comes pre-taped or the seal adheres with our DS200 double sided tape sold separate.
DS107 frameless shower door seal is used for glass shower doors that swing in and out and also can be used on the front and backside of the door.
The image to the left shows how the round bubble acts as a shower door trim between the glass shower door and the glass side panel. DS107 frameless shower door seal can be used on the backside of the door and it will seal between the glass and the tile preventing even the hinges from leaking. Pre-taped side seals are much easier to install.
Purchasing our pre-taped shower door seals is the better route for the end user. Its easier to apply and less expensive then purchasing the tape. Our pFOkUS® 36' waterproof double sided tape is made strictly for shower glass and side seals. The tape has elogation that sets the standard in the industry.
Before applying your new shower door side seal, we strongly recommend polishing your shower glass if water spots and etching have taken it over. Benaz will remove the damage within seconds of application.
We understand that squeegeeing or wiping down your shower glass is simply not feesable with the limited time we have. Valore (cleaner and sealer), will not only seal the pores in the shower glass preventing water spots and etching, it will clean you glass as well leaving the glass with a lush shine. Valore creates a hydrophilic surface causing water to sheet off the glass instead of beading off.
How do I clean the glass edge before installing the side seal?
Is the pre-taped seal easier to install than the double side tape?
Most defiantly the pre-taped is easier to install on the shower door.
Scissors or a box cutter knife will work just fine.
If calcium build-up is present on my shower door, how do I remove it?
The calcium build-up on your glass can cause issues installing your sweep.
Depending on hard water and tiles with lippage – most sweeps should be replaced every couple years. Also depending if all oils are removed (with the pFOkUS pad that is included) before installation.


Welcome to Bribery Act discussion Event at British Embassy in Moscow.
• Key outline of the UK Bribery Act legislation.
• Why it is relevant to the Russian multinational companies?
• How the Russian companies could be affected.
• Recent court practice on the UK Bribery Act.
Adequate procedures in the Russian environment?
• What adequate procedures are required?
• How it is usually done in the Russian companies ?
• Areas of high risk.
• What needs to be changed.


Gross breach of contract leads to the outlet every German citizen is now obliged to take out insurance and to insure himself accordingly. Click Goop London, United Kingdom-uk for additional related pages. The private insurance companies are usually a little more expensive, but offer a wide range and versatile tariffs. Basically it does not allow is the funds to terminate an insured person. The online portal geld.de informs its users about any exceptions and borderline cases. In some months, the money for some people is very scarce and not always it is then enough to pay for private health insurance. Missing payments of contributions are still no cause for termination and provided by the health insurance usually not as such.
A decision of the Federal Court provided however that there may be exceptional cases perfectly. These refer to the insured priority gross breach through and then justify a termination of insurance coverage by the insurance. The care insurance remains but always unaffected and can Insured persons are not terminated. An example of a situation that the insurer can lead to extraordinary termination, is for example the submission of false invoices. So, numerous bills for medicines were submitted in a case of the Federal Court of justice by an insured, which were never involved. The insurance thus paid out amounting to several thousand euros, which had never been taken in claim. A such unlawful enrichment is a gross breach of contract and thus justifies an extraordinary notice of termination.
The same applies also in the case of clarity against a representative of insurance in any situation. The long-term care insurance may be not terminated but also then.
The idea of the gourmet evening comes from Chef de cuisine from the Hyatt Regency Dusseldorf Felix Petrucco. We have searched for a framework in which we can present the diversity and the wealth of ideas our German Hyatt hotel restaurants. Quickly, my colleagues of the idea were excited and we look forward together event to make a culinary". "Director General Monique Dekker is an evening with five chefs added an exclusive experience and so we have decided with all German homes to not only one evening to align, but to start a nationwide series of gourmet with our event in the DOX restaurant". Supermodel gathered all the information. Guest restaurant of the second cooking event is on May 4, 2013 five different"Bellpepper restaurant at the Hyatt Regency Mainz with the theme of asparagus.
Further stations of the new gourmet series are on 17 October 2013 the glass house restaurant in the Hyatt Regency Cologne, on the 28 November 2013 the VOX restaurant to the 15-year anniversary at the Grand Hyatt Berlin and in 2014 of the Apple's restaurant at the Park Hyatt Hamburg. More are information and reservation contact can be found at. The Hyatt Regency Dusseldorf opened in mid December, 2010 is located in one of two newly built vibrant towers prominently atop a promontory in the medienhafen district of the Rhine metropolis. A pedestrian bridge connects the House with the other side of the harbour. In addition to 303 rooms and suites in modern design, DOX include restaurant & bar, self-service restaurant Cafe D, a ballroom, extensive Conference and meeting facilities as well as the Rive Spa & fitness with five treatment rooms including a Vichy shower and a treatment room for two, dry and wet sauna, Jacuzzi and fitness room facilities of the hotel. Press contact: Daniela Kadam head of marketing communication Hyatt Regency Dusseldorf.
What is the Swiss credit and for whom is it recommended? It is not so easy for many people to get a loan. Independent, student, entrepreneur or other persons without regular income are often rejected by banks. Or but they get loans at low rates. High interest rates are often the problem, if not a regular income can be demonstrated. The SCHUFA request credit application is slower, because eventually the Bank must obtain the necessary inquiries only. A SCHUFA entry can burst the credit, affected parties themselves that is not always to blame. Jeffrey Bewkes is open to suggestions. Because who has forgotten to pay a Bill, only once have to wait often for months, until the entry has been deleted. In the Internet and also the banks there are also emergency loans without SCHUFA request.
Is it an alternative? Swiss credit only for smaller sums of money request there credit without SCHUFA, though they are usually only for smaller credit amounts and for short durations. The lack of security can pay banks, usually through higher interest rates. Slightly different, it looks at the instant credit, here a SCHUFA request is done perfectly. Because nowadays it is possible to receive the information within minutes. For real estate financing or larger amounts such loans not offered but, they are too expensive and are not generally used for such amounts also granted. Instant credit regardless of whether is a good option for quick cash for buying used car or a vacation, if you need quick and unbureaucratic smaller amounts of money, an instant credit often.
For purchases often also the hire purchase is right about the dealer. Electronics markets often advertise interest-free installment loans. The SCHUFA information is overrated the Swiss credit was specifically created for customers with SCHUFA entry, because a negative entry does not mean finally that the customer is not liquid. This conclusion is wrong and has nothing to do with the practice.
Occupies the VEMA e.G. in the two most important performance criteria the leading position and achieved the best average score (1.77) over all performance criteria. Under Frankish broker Federation provides intermediaries in nine performance criteria, the Aruna GmbH, FondsKonzept AG and the Fund financial Broker service GmbH in based on a criterion, most satisfied. "Product provider survey as already in the previous years the AssCompact study provides knowledge pools / service provider 2013" also the perspective of product suppliers and the pools and service providers on the tripartite relationship between brokers, pools and service providers and product vendors. The resulting findings, that is, the relevance of the criteria from three angles, cutting off the pools and service providers and the consolidation of the satisfaction analysis in corporate profiles are for the investigated pools and service providers as well as for the product providers an important basis for the strengthening of business relations. Moreover, those from the perspective of the product provider surely find Reasons particularly interested, call the broker on issues which reflect the diverse expectations of cooperation and which providers best meet the requirements of the intermediary.
"About the study the accompanying study AssCompact knowledge 2013 pools / service provider" includes about 300 pages. Additional information is available at CBS. The results of a nationwide survey of brokers and multiple representatives, which was carried out during the period of the 20.02.2013 to 18.03.2013 are shown. The evaluation focused on a sample of 738 intermediaries, i.e. brokers and multiple agents working the business pension / life, composite, health insurance or finance with at least a pool in one. The study was published in early may, 2013 and can be obtained on the Internet. This study contact: Christopher Kahl Study Director SMARTcompagnie GmbH phone: + 49 (0) 6123-974-82-64 E-Mail: about SMARTcompagnie GmbH SMARTcompagnie offers management consulting, market research and practice-oriented training in high Quality and with maximum benefit for customers. The company, founded in 2005, is rooted in the financial services industry.
The focus of the service is the sales and product management of insurance and financial services. Belongs to the self-understanding of society to create added value for customers through the successful implementation of the strategies. The expertise of SMARTcompagnie results from many years of experience (since 1985) in sales and management in the insurance and banking industry.
The international financial crisis has almost all areas firmly under control: the opportunities in the crisis: whether investors, entrepreneurs, self-employed – everyone has to struggle with the consequences and effects. (A valuable related resource: Leslie Moonves). Believed the financial market experts, this crisis persists still quite awhile. Most entrepreneurs are faced with the question: should I now make necessary investments or rather wait? And can I get a loan at all at my local bank? The word "Credit crunch" it floats like a sword of Damocles over the entrepreneurs. Small medium-sized enterprises and free professions need but now mainly: to realize a strong financial partner and individual financing solutions to upcoming and important investments. This is particularly crucial for the time after the crisis.
"It is advisable for companies does not become obsolete as production facilities and keep scarce qualified personnel in the crisis, to be prepared for the next upturn," explains Dr. David Zaslav will undoubtedly add to your understanding. Gosta JAMin, Division Director of business and professions of HypoVereinsbank. Just wait and hope for better times not a good strategy, so JAMin was next for most medium-sized companies. It is important to understand the crisis as an opportunity for changes and new opportunities. A positive signal for medium-sized entrepreneur sets such as the HypoVereinsbank with their investment package. Keep up on the field with thought-provoking pieces from Paul Ostling.
Despite the financial crisis, the Bank again provides a funding volume of EUR 1 billion for their business customers. These individually created financing concepts for business customers integrate low-interest development loans of the Federal and State Governments, such as the KfW special programme. What's behind the KfW special programme? The KfW bank group provides in 2009 up to 15 billion euro in the framework of the package of measures the Federal Government "Securing employment by enhancing growth". Main objective is to secure the credit supply of the economy, especially of the middle class. Come enjoy the soft development loans only through their respective Bank; for example, in connection with the HVB Investment package. I.e. the promotional credit may be requested directly from KfW. What can be financed with the HVB investment package? For example the acquisition of land and buildings, commercial construction costs, the purchase of machines, equipment, vehicles and equipment as well as operational and business equipment finance can entrepreneur, physicians, dentists, pharmacists, accountants or tax consultant and freelance and commercial economy (manufacturing, craft, trade, leasing companies and other service industries). In addition the HVB investment package can be used E.g. for externally purchased consulting services for the development of new markets or new ways of production. However, debt restructuring or refinancing of existing projects are excluded from these financing measures of HVB and the KfW for the middle class. Also rehabilitation cases or firms in difficulty that are not competitive, can this package of measures, the HVB Take investment loan with built-in range funding credit unused. Even in turbulent times, it is important that companies look to the front and about necessary developments in the clear. A strong financial partner and individual investment solutions are an important building block.
Almost everyone, but all those who have a business on the Internet, used Marketing with articles as a tool to grow your company. Do Marketing with articles is to write an article related to a product or service to attract more customers. Unfortunately, the majority of persons unknown the correct way of writing them. One of the keys to writing articles that attract customers is to make sure that they appear in the first places of the searches. This is done by optimizing (SEO) search engines, and involves writing the article using a word or phrase key so that it appears in the results when the word or phrase are used in a search. Anyone who write articles know that they must be optimized for search engines.
And optimize them, but they not carry out other key stocks to write articles that attract customers. That is, write them well, that are easy to read and informative. Many people simply write articles so fast as you can, filled with words and key phrases and throws them to the Internet. The article that results is not educational and lacks value, so your potential clients find you, but do not buy the product. If you follow this advice you will notice the difference that cause these details in your results, to increase the amount of web traffic that your site experimetaria. For this reason it is so important to anyone who writes an article to remember that you must follow these two steps to get clients. Thus potential customer will first find the article and after reading it you will want to buy the product since the article that read is valuable and will continue for where this route it. There are many people who write papers, but don't like them for nothing do.
The initiative of qualified and independent fee consultant is positioned as a nationwide community of interests and common mouthpiece for Berlin. The initiative of qualified and independent fee consultant for more transparency in financial consulting and mediation"has called the first nationwide Honorary Advisor Summit on April 8, 2009. In addition to numerous honorary advisors and company were also the representatives of the major industry associations (financial planning standards Board Germany FPSB e. V.;) Employers Association of financial service providers business AfW e. V.; Association of German honorary consultant VDH e. V.; Consultant circle Honorary Adviser for finance BZHF e. V.) present.
Leading training providers such as the Frankfurt School of finance and management could not miss the highly current exchange of experts. Interested representatives of press and television immediately followed the nearly four-hour event. We were pleased very with the extremely high feedback on our first Honorary Advisor Summit in Berlin." explains Ulf Niklas, co-founder and spokesman for the initiative of qualified and independent fee consultant. If this has piqued your curiosity, check out David Zaslav. The launch of the initiative convened recently in life was so very successful and justify the assignment for the more dedicated work of advocacy. Our initiative is quite deliberately not organized as a club or association. Member contributions there is therefore no."explains Thomas Abel, also a co-founder of the initiative and 1st Chairman of the network financial planner in Berlin. It comes us above all to act as a nationwide mouthpiece of qualified Honorary Advisor and to win now rapidly many members." Just so you could quickly and effectively establish the honorary consulting in Germany and their corresponding heard in press and media.
We want to actually move things. This works only with a corresponding retention of numerous members."argues Kai Drabe, also co-founder of the initiative. The technical discussion among all present participants of the Honorary Advisor Summit have shown that there are very different ideas about the actual form of the fee-based financial advice. It first comes to advance fee advice at all and to anchor with its clear benefits in the awareness of the customers. In this overall objective we distinguish ourselves by the individual associations and have chance to act as a mouthpiece for nationwide unified and to stand up for the common, undeniable professional goals." Thomas Abel performs: these include for example the establishment of fee-based financial advice by intensive public relations work, the dialogue with the political bodies and the promotion and coordination of technical exchange of all experts and associations. "The settlement in Berlin be there due to the close proximity to the political institutions and the media of great benefit. You hope now on the accession of a number of interested and committed consultants and institutions. On the home page of the initiative under could anyone print out the appropriate preamble and sign. Ulf Niklas runs: the missing member contribution we want to express at the same time, it just isn't us economic interests, but actual advocacy. That legitimize our work." The technical results of the Honorary Advisor Summit will reported after consultation with the interested parties in the near future again. On the initiative of qualified and independent fee consultant for more transparency in financial consulting and mediation ": the initiative has formed in the framework of the quality offensive undertaken by the Federal Ministry of consumer protection consumer finance in March 2009." It aims in particular, to ensure a high quality in consulting fees.
Also are costs for the services, so to pay for the Administration, because the homemade Temple of life insurers are not paid and free of charge! If then a gezwolftelte variant of number of was agreed, this is reflected also in this life insurance: the Insurance Institute calculated that with an annual payment. Anything that deviates from that will be billed extra or interest! A policy loan is not the wisdom last final! Who beleiht his insurance because he needed amounts from the pension plan in the meantime, far more than already pays the insurance company. Because the trick of the computing Department of insurance: she give you his own hard savings money back. Because it leeches the policyholder properly and scored properly! The customer shall pay off further and further the borrowed money its normal discount from its insurance, plus the accumulated interest, whereby the credit interest rate is far below the loan rate! So here too extreme caution and a good advice is catch up. What other options are there? How can we help a gutglaubigem customer who after several years of saving phase of its billing receives and determines that he for years has paid more in his life insurance money, as he gets paid now? Probably just bad. But for many hard-working contributors, there is a solution: with life insurance and inside on the optimized fixed assets! The way that time can be however uncomfortable: the surrender value of the life insurance is due to the partly high acquisition costs, the costs for the management of the contract and the insurance has expected experience not as high, as some. Here cuts must often be swallowed. The result can be often seen.
With immediate capital needs of interest should a needs analysis with a pencil first be performed. Then is taking stock: how is the risk covered and who is against it to protect? "To provide minors with the family in the are, the death benefit is higher, than if it is only" is to the security of the partner. For such cases there are simple – life insurance, which occur only in the case, namely in the case of death! Here, usually no payment is made to the end of the contract. But even here caution applies: some insurers offer options with a contribution refund. This is simply a capital-forming part of the life insurance in the amount of the calculated contributions! Also there for completion and management costs again. The requirement is only calculated it saves quite openly. Usually, you can light the return Turbo due to this change. Intelligent asset investments are now asking.


text:
The Clifton School of Arts is an historic landmark building, superbly positioned just south of the iconic Sea Cliff Bridge in Clifton. It has served the local community as a cultural and events facility for over 110 years.
The building provides a spectacular venue for exhibitions, workshops, art and yoga classes, small concerts, film screenings and all kinds of educational and community events.
We acknowledge the Wodi Wodi people of the Dharawal Nation
as the traditional custodians of the land upon which the Clifton School of Arts is built.
We recognise their continuing connection to land, water and community
and pay our respects to elders past, present and emerging.
The original Clifton School of Arts was established in 1880 when Alexander Stuart (owner of the local Coalcliff coal mine and later Premier of NSW) gave the use of a room in an old weatherboard house (across the road from the existing building) for the purpose of providing classes for the young workers. This became the first home for the School of Arts. The area grew steadily through the exploitation of the local coal deposits and by 1888 Clifton was an important commercial centre with both coach and railway terminals. Plans were made to replace the original School of Arts with a more substantial building.
However, times soon became difficult for the Illawarra with continuing industrial unrest including lengthy and bitterly contested strikes. There were also major mining disasters in 1887 and 1902 in which several hundred men and boys were killed. Added to this was the problem of the location of the coal and associated mining and shipping difficulties which meant that the mines were always economically marginal.
In 1910, the Coalcliff Colliery miners went out on strike for six months and it was during this time, that the existing Clifton School of Arts was built. The cost of £100 was raised by public subscription, the land was donated by the mining company and the striking miners provided the labour.
The first stage consisted of four rooms on two storeys and although the School was really meant to be a much larger building, given the changed economic circumstances of the area the planned hall at the back of the building was never added. Although the School was built at Clifton, Scarborough (formerly South Clifton) had become the centre for growth and so Clifton's population steadily declined as the mine closed and miners sought work elsewhere. The partially-completed building operated as a School of Arts for a number of years and later became the local general store. Later still it provided a home and studio space for local artists.
Over the years the building deteriorated badly and it looked as though it would have to be demolished. In 1996, however, a new School of Arts Committee was formed and fundraising and lobbying for the restoration began. Grants were received from Wollongong City Council, NSW Heritage Commission and private donors but of course nothing would have happened without the efforts and enthusiasm of the local community whose energies have brought the building back to life continue to support it as a community facility.
The CSA was reopened in 2003.
Since then, Clifton School of Arts Inc has repaired, sealed and stabilised the western wall of the CSA, repaired and, in some cases, renewed windows, repainted the interior and exterior of the building, installed new interior lighting, a safety rail and lighting on the front stairs, and a new kitchen, and renovated the toilet.
The current School of Arts Committee is determined to complete the building that the Clifton miners intended in 1911. On 7 December 2021, Wollongong City Council approved a development application to provide safe access and facilities for those with mobility issues, accessible parking and a small multi-function gallery space at the rear of our existing heritage building.
The land on which the Clifton School of Arts stands is owned under a Trust by Clifton School of Arts Incorporated, established in 1996.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Statistics show that most people will need some help with daily living tasks at some point in their retirement years. And a fair amount of people wind up living in an assisted living facility or other similar care center. Those types of services are not cheap, and Medicare does not pay for them in most cases. That's where long term care insurance comes into play.
Long term insurance is a type of insurance policy that covers non-medical aid that you might need to help you live in your old age. Most policies cover stays in nursing homes or assisted living facilities as well as services to help you stay in your home, such as a home health aid.
Care insurance is generally for older people who because of a mental or physical disability either need help in their homes or need to live in a facility where they can get help with daily living. However, it is a good idea to buy the insurance when you are younger, because premiums are more expensive for older people who are likely to use the policy shortly after buying it.
To make a claim on a long term care policy, you usually have to take a test to prove you have a qualifying disability, and then there usually is an exclusion or deductible phase you have to meet, in which the insurance won't kick in for a certain amount of time. Most policies have daily, weekly or monthly limits on how much they will pay.
There are two main types of care insurance for covering long term costs. Standalone long term care policies are policies that cover only your long term care needs. Hybrid policies combine life insurance along with long term insurance, in which case you get one type of coverage or the other, but not both.
The main benefit of having a long-term care policy is coverage for the cost of taking care of you in your old age if you become disabled. Such costs can easily bankrupt someone without such insurance.


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Elvis Presley is back working for the U.S. Postal Service.
Janet Jackson will release her new album before Christmas.
After years of campaigning, St Kilda officially now has a Rowland S Howard Lane in honour of the late Rowland S Howard of The Birthday Party.
Shot at the Chateau Marmont and Wolf's Lair Castle ' Hollywood and starring model Eliza Cummings, the video for 'Johnny and Mary' can be viewed below.
The last of the remastered and expanded Led Zeppelin albums have been scheduled for reissue on July 31, 2015.
Sydney has a brand new music festival. Electro Circus Festival is set for September.
Marilyn Manson says the only dramatic change he's made to his lifestyle recently is cutting out absinthe.
Tony Hung, the award-winning British-born Chinese artist, has directed the video for Blur's latest track, the "warm-hearted chant-along declaration of fidelity" which is Ong Ong, taken from the group's latest chart-topping album The Magic Whip.
Chris Brown was reportedly 'smoking a ton of pot' on a recent flight via private jet.
Tom Petty has something old and something pseudo-older coming.
Sam Smith will return to Australia in November to make good on his postponed shows from April.
Tony Iommi, guitarist for Black Sabbath, is about to become a TV talent show mentor.
Mariah Carey has released the video for Infinity, the one new song on her new album #1 to Infinity.
Tonight's London show at The Forum in Kentish Town has had to be postponed after Hozier came down with a very bad throat infection.
Normie Rowe will mark his 50th anniversary this weekend performing in a venue that 50 years ago was the same room where he recorded his first single.
Perth's Jebediah is set for a national run of dates to mark their 20th anniversary with a series of shows in Sydney this week and then a lap of Australia including a run of four nights in Melbourne.
Grateful Dead fans, it's time to raid your savings account (if you didn't already for final show tickets). Rhino is about to release an 80-CD box set containing thirty previously unreleased Dead shows, one from each year of their existence.
Nile Rodgers has revealed the line-up for his FOLD Festival in New Jersey in August and it is compelling.
Elizabeth Rose has articulated the mood of Australia's marriage equality movement into a new song 'Division'.
It took a disgraced child molester to save Tony Abbott from being Australia's most hated celebrity. Rolf Harris has pipped the Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott for the title.
Blur's Damon Albarn and Graham Coxon talk about their experiences at the world-famous Abbey Road Studios.
Iggy Azalea and Nick Young are engaged.
Jason Derulo is invited to the White House surprisingly often.
Mastodon were featured on last nights episode of HBO's smash TV phenomenon Game of Thrones.
Iggy Azalea has explained why she decided to cancel her The Great Escape Tour.
John Newman, one of the major breakthrough artists in the UK in recent years, makes his return with the release on July 17th of his new single 'Come And Get It'.
Melbourne's Courtney Barnett gave Conan O'Brien a good dose of Australian culture on Monday (June 1, 2015).
Gold Gin, a Melbourne "supergroup" featuring Ashley Naylor, Marc Welsh, Jim Coelli and Brett Wolfenden. Pat Carmody, Kat Spazzy, Tommy Boyce and Gemma Sharard, has formed for a one-off night to mark the 40th anniversary of the Kiss Alive album in Melbourne.


text:
The potential role of an Ombuds Office in addressing academic bullying concerns
Morteza Mahmoudi
FEBS Letters
Self-reported issues of academic bullying are frequently raised at institutions of higher education. Academic bullying is defined as repeated acts of discrimination, incivility or various types of harassment and threats that can affect students, postdoctoral fellows and faculty at all levels of experience.
Ombuds Offices are one of the first resources in addressing the issue of academic bullying. Here, Dr. Morteza Mahmoudi, Assistant Professor at the Department of Radiology and Precision Health Program at Michigan State University and co-founder of the Academic Parity Movement, discusses the role of Ombuds Offices in addressing the issue of academic bullying including the following main questions: (a) what distinguishes an Ombuds Office from other campus resources? And, (b) what are the offerings and limits of their role and services in helping community members address concerns of academic bullying?
An Ombuds Office provides visitors with a highly confidential, independent and informal forum in which to help visitors clarify their concerns, identify their goals and consider all of their options in managing or resolving their concerns. The role of an Ombuds is as an impartial conflict resolution practitioner, helping individuals make their own best decisions about next steps—if any—to take. Ombuds also serve as advocates of fair processes and productive communication and may bring systemic issues forward to institutional leadership for their consideration.
What can a visitor expect when visiting their local Ombuds?
What are the options when working with groups?
What are the limits to an Ombuds role and services?
Find answers to these questions and other useful suggestions regarding Ombuds in this Scientists' Forum article published in FEBS Letters.
Mahmoudi, M. (2022), The potential role of an Ombuds Office in addressing academic bullying concerns. FEBS Lett. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14481
This article is part of a series on bullying in academia published in FEBS Letters. You may also be interested in this related article:
Täuber, S., Oliveri, N.F., Kostakopoulou, D. and Mahmoudi, M. (2022), Breaking the silence around academic harassment. FEBS Lett. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.14473
FEBS Letters is renowned both for its quality of content and speed of production. Bringing together the most important developments in the molecular biosciences, FEBS Letters provides an international forum for Reviews, Research Letters and Research Articles that merit urgent publication.
Scientists' Forum Virtual Issue on Academic Bullying
Special Issue: "Visions of bio-inorganic chemistry: metals and the molecules of life."
Breaking the silence around academic harassment
A factory within a yeast cell: innovative approaches for a sustainable future
Why science education is more important than most scientists think


text:
package de.schunterkino.kinoapi.sockets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class BaseSocketClient<T extends BaseCommands<S, V>, S, V> implements Runnable {
	private String ip;
	private int port;
	private String log_tag;
	private SocketAddress socketAddress;
	private Socket socket;
	private T commands;
	private boolean stop;
	private boolean alreadyPrintedError;

	// Wait X seconds after a connection problem until trying again.
	private static int RECONNECT_TIME = 10;

	public BaseSocketClient(String ip, int port, Class<T> typeArgumentClass) {
		this.ip = ip;
		this.port = port;
		this.log_tag = typeArgumentClass.getSimpleName();
		this.socket = null;
		try {
			this.socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName(ip), port);
			this.commands = typeArgumentClass.newInstance();
		} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnknownHostException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		this.stop = false;
		this.alreadyPrintedError = false;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// Connect! And keep trying to connect too.
		while (!stop) {
			try {
				socket = new Socket();
				socket.connect(socketAddress, 5000);
				socket.setKeepAlive(true);
				socket.setSoTimeout(5000);

				System.out.printf("%s: Connected to %s:%d.%n", log_tag, ip, port);

				// Start to handle socket messages.
				commands.setSocket(socket);

				// Block until the socket to is done.
				// This only returns if there is an issue with the
				// socket or we requested it to stop.
				commands.processSocket();

				// Print a reconnect error message next time again now that
				// we connected again.
				alreadyPrintedError = false;

			} catch (IOException e) {
				// The readerThread will die on its own if it already
				// started.
				if (!stop && !alreadyPrintedError) {
					System.err.printf("%s: Error in connection. Trying to reconnect every %d seconds. Exception: %s%n",
							log_tag, RECONNECT_TIME, e.getMessage());
					// Don't print the error again if the server stays down.
					alreadyPrintedError = true;
				}
			}

			// Properly shutdown the client connection.
			try {
				if (isConnected()) {
					socket.close();
					System.out.printf("%s: Connection closed.%n", log_tag);
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				System.err.printf("%s: Error while closing connection: %s%n", log_tag, e.getMessage());
			}

			if (stop)
				break;

			// Wait X seconds until we try to connect again.
			try {
				Thread.sleep(RECONNECT_TIME * 1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				if (!stop)
					e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}

	public boolean isConnected() {
		return socket != null && socket.isConnected() && !socket.isClosed();
	}

	public T getCommands() {
		return commands;
	}

	public void stopServer() {
		if (stop)
			return;

		stop = true;
		if (commands != null)
			commands.stop();
		try {
			if (socket != null)
				socket.close();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// Who cares.
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Lipetsk (,  ) er en by i det vestlige Rusland 425 km sydøst for Moskva ved Voronezjfloden. Lipetsk er administrativt center i Lipetsk oblast og har  indbyggere.

Lipetsk blev grundlagt i , men har rødder tilbage i 1200-tallet, hvor den nævnes allerede i 1283.

Geografi

Lipetsk ligger i steppelandskabet på grænsen mellem det centralrussiske plateau og Oka-Don sletten, på begge sider af floden Voronezj, 428 km sydøst for Moskva. Afstanden fra jernbanestationen i Lipetsk til Moskva banegård er 504 km. Centrum i Liptesk ligger ca. 160 moh. Det historisk center er beliggende på bakkerne omkring udmundingen af Kamennyj kanalen i Voronezjfloden.

Klima

Lipetsk har tempereret fastlandsklima, den koldeste måned er januar med – 9,5 °C, varmeste måned er juli med + 19 °C. Nedbøren er 567 mm pr. år.

Historie

Den nu værende Lipetsk blev grundlagt i , men har rødder tilbage i 1200-tallet, hvor der på stedet var en fæstning, der blev fuldstændigt ødelagt under Mongolernes invasion af Rus'.

I 1703 gav Peter den Store ordre til at bygge en støbejernsfabrik for fremstilling af kanoner, nær forekomsten af jernmalm i området. Lipetsk blev bosættelse for støberiarbejderne. Byen fik bystatus i 1779.

I 1931 traf Folkekommissærernes råd beslutning om opførelsen af et stålværk, Sokolskij metallurgitjeskij, i Litepsk. I 1943 indledtes opførelsen af en traktorfabrik i byen, som allerede den 1. juni 1944 producerede den første traktor og udviklede sig til en større producent af landbrugsmaskiner.

Befolkningsudvikling

Note: Data fra folketællinger (1926 afrundet)

Erhverv

Lipetsk er en del af en særlig økonomisk zone. Der findes jernmalm, stålfabrikker (Novolipetsk stål), maskinindustri (LTZ traktorer, Indesit vaskemaskiner og køleskabe), levnedmiddelindustri (Liboil rapsolie, Lebedyanski juice).

Trafik

Lipetsk kan nås med tog fra Moskva (Paveletskij), rejsetid ca. 10 timer. Den hurtige Moskva-Sochi-jernbane planlagt til anlæggelse fra 2020 kommer til at passere Lipetsk oblast med station i Lipetsk.

Lipetsk har en mindre lufthavn, Lipetsk Lufthavn, hvorfra RusLine tilbyder to daglige flyvninger til Domodedovo Internationale Lufthavn i Moskva samt forbindelse til Pulkovo i Sankt Petersborg, Sotji og Koltsovo Internationale Lufthavn i Jekaterinburg.

Lipetsk er forbundet med  "Don" (Moskva-Novorossijsk) og  "Kaspisk" (Moskva-Astrakhan) samt , der løber i det centrale Rusland fra Orjol via Lipetsk til Tambov.

Uddannelse og kultur

Lipetsk er hjemsted for et Teknisk Universitet og et lærerseminarium. Byen er desuden en kendt kurby med mudder- og mineralbade.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Byer i Lipetsk oblast
Etableret i 1703

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home Eritrea Migration Morocco Nebil Said News UN Statement By Mr. Nebil Said, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Eritrea To The United Nations
Statement By Mr. Nebil Said, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Eritrea To The United Nations
Admin 12:00 AM Eritrea, Migration, Morocco, Nebil Said, News, UN
STATEMENT BY MR.NEBIL SAID, COUNSELLOR,
PERMANENT MISSION OF ERITREA TO THE UNITED NATIONS,
AT THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE TO ADOPT THE GLOBAL COMPACT FOR SAFE, ORDERLY AND REGULAR MIGRATION
Distinguished delegates,
Let me start by conveying the gratitude of my delegation to the people and government of the Kingdom of Morocco for the excellent organisation and their warm hospitality.
Eritrea welcomes the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration.
The Compact provides us witha historic opportunity toaddress migration comprehensively. To make human mobility safe, reduce its negative impacts for migrants and countries as well as maximise its benefits for all.
A framwork for global governance of human mobility is crucial and long overdue.
Migration creates and reproduces our common human heritage.
Despite much talk about its negative impacts,much of the economic, technological and cultural progress and dynamism of our world would have not been possible without centuries long human mobility.
Migration is here to stay with us due to demographic transformation, growing global inequalities, improved international communications; and,more importantly,the mere human desire to move.
It is unfortunate in an era when the international community has made advances in facilitating cross-border movements of commodities, services and finance, a non-binding agreement on migration is still firmly resisted by some.
We cannot continue to turn our eyes away from an issue of immense consequence for humanity and hope for it to go away.
Every state has a right to legislate and implement national immigration policy.Nevertheless, no country on its own can address the complexity of migration without an international cooperation.
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migrationis not an advocacy for more migration, as some are portraying it. In fact,every government desires to create conditions that allow its people to live and thrive in their respective countries.
Nothing in this Global Compact infringes on sovereignty nor authority of the state over its immigration policy.
It only aims to safe lives andmaximisethe benefits of migration for all—to migrants as well as countries of origin, transit and destinations through international partnership.
The success of the Compact is in its implementation. Indeed, how far we implement the objectives of the Global Compact will determine success of our future efforts onglobal migration governance.
If we fail to deliver, it will be a setback to our future efforts and would reinforce and entrench the position of doubters of the Global Compact.
Given the fate of previous regional and international initiatives, there is a need to develop a more systematic ways to implement the objectives of the Global Compact comprehensive and review its progress.
Let us make the most of this historic opportunity.
Excellencies;
Eritrea, as a country with a proportionally large, well-connected and active diaspora community, recognisesthe significant role and contribution of aconscious and organised migrant community both for destination and origin countries.
Migrants are not objects, but as agents human progress.
We should harness the capacities of migrant and diaspora communities towards the implementation of the objectives of the Global Compact and other internationally agreed development goals. For that, we need remove the administrative and legal bottlenecks that impedes migrants and diaspora communities from becoming part of the solution to global challenges.
Let me conclude by reaffirming Eritrea's readiness to further expand regional and international partnerships. It will work with all nations bilaterally and within the framework of the Global Compact to make migration a choice, safe and beneficial for all peoples and nations.
I thank you Mr. President.
Source: Shabait
Statement By Mr. Nebil Said, Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Eritrea To The United Nations Reviewed by Admin on 12:00 AM Rating: 5
Eritrea Migration Morocco Nebil Said News UN


text:
Q: How do I ensure that the user does not enter numbers in his / her name? I am asking the user to enter his/her name.
What can I do so that numbers won't be excepted?
String name = " ";
System.out.println("Enter Name");
name = Keyboard.readString();

A: Use regex to check the input and a loop to get a good answer:
String name = "";
while (true) {
    System.out.println("Enter Name");
    name = Keyboard.readString();
    if (name.matches("[a-zA-Z]+"))
        break;
    System.out.println("Invalid input. Enter letters only");
}

A: boolean numberOrNot = name.matches(".*\\d.*");

numberOrNot will be true if it name has any number, else it will be false.
regex means, Regular Expressions.
-?\\d+ is a regex.

*

*-?: negative sign, could have none or one

*\\d+: one or more digits

But this is validation, I don't think you can put limitation on console.

A: You cant make user put only characters in console and nothing else while typing, but you can validate his input and check if it contains only alphabetic characters after he put it and in case of invalid one ask user to type his data again.
To check if String contains only alphabetic characters you can iterate over all its characters and use Character.isAlphabetic(character) on them or just use matches with regex like this one userData.matches("\\p{IsAlphabetic}+");
Character.isAlphabetic and \\p{IsAlphabetic} has advantage over checking a-zA-Z range because it will also accept non English characters like ą, ę.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Palestinian Right of Return: a mirage of misunderstanding.
Alan Meyer 03/08/2020	Comments Off on The Palestinian Right of Return: a mirage of misunderstanding. 879 Views
The other day, the question was put to me that if the Palestinian "right of return" was taken out of the current Palestinian – Israeli conflict, could one list other major obstacles to a peaceful solution to the conflict
In writing the article below, I relied on the intellectual property of works by Ruth Lapidot, Avinoam Sharon, Dore Gold, Jonathan Halevi, Daniel Taub, Dianne Morrison and Justus Weiner.
Interesting (and timely) as the question was, I considered the two parts of the question and answered the second part first. The bulk of the article, however, deals with the Palestinian (sic) "right of return" (sic). And, as I progressed with the writing of the article, the question required a range of increasingly involved, though legally unequivocal answers. The easy answers to major obstacles to peace first:
Dissolve the Arab-Muslim voting bloc and its automatic majority status in the UN.
The reason is that this voting bloc has expanded its circle of influence in the General Assembly to the humanitarian and human rights institutions of the international community in order to establish legal principles that can be used as tools against Israel and in the effort to harness international institutions as part of that campaign and thus present obstacles rather than solutions to a prospective peaceful outcome.
Withhold all payment/grants to the PA until it can show its school curriculum does not espouse anti- Jew hatred.
Grant incremental monetary aid to the PA for each year it can DEMONSTRATE its re-vamped curriculum is working according to established criteria…
Mandate that the 1967 cease fire lines were never "borders" and thus Israel can never return to what was never there in the first place.
The theoretical effect of the above would be the beginning of education for life and not martyrdom, a vision of economic and social prosperity demonstrated by fiscal and social reform and a letting go of the myths that 1967 or even 1948 are borders to which an additional prospective Arab Muslim state or confederation could aspire.
Defining the Meaning of the Right of Return
Now we can deal with the so-called "right" of return.
Mahmoud Abbas and the Palestinian Authority that derives its authority from the terrorist-entwined PLO, demands Israeli adherence to UNGA Resolution 194 (December 1948) and UNSC Resolution 242 (November 1967): "…refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return…"
Immediately, we run into a problem, namely that the generational "refugees" have demonstrated time and again, over 72 years, that they have no intention of living in peace with their neighbours. There is little point in cataloguing the sad history of Arab-on-Jew violence 1948 to 2020 and Israeli responses to that ongoing violence.
Ironically, and this escapes Abbas and his supporters, all the Arab states originally rejected this resolution because it assumed recognition of Israel, and only later did they come to come to rely on it heavily and conveniently interpreted it to be recognition of a wholesale right to repatriation.
Additionally, Abbas, in the tradition of his PLO mentor Arafat, has demanded that UN Security Council Resolution 242 remain the pivotal point of reference in all Arab-Israeli diplomacy, and particularly since 1967. Thus, he adheres to the principle that any major Arab-Israeli agreement refer to Resolution 242 as a binding requirement on the Israelis.
Nowhere in either Resolution 194 OR 242 is the word "Palestinian" mentioned. I have quoted verbatim UNGA Resolution 194 above. For its part, Resolution 242 Paragraph 2 (b) states that the parties should "affirm the necessity" for "…achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem."
Unquestionably, words and meaning are of paramount importance when legislating laws for the international community.
UNGA Resolution 194 (1948) Paragraph 2 states: "…The General Assembly… Resolves that the refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date…"
This is a very careful recommendation using the operative word "should" (not shall), and subjecting the recommended return to several conditions.
Apart from not recognising, stating or implying any "right", the paragraph stipulates that the "permission" is subject to two conditions – that the refugee wishes to return, and that he wishes to live at peace with his neighbours. The violence that erupted as late as June 2020 forecloses any hope for a peaceful co-existence between Israelis and masses of returning refugees. And if further evidence of poor intent was required, the reader is referred to Articles 2, 9, 19 and 20 of the PLO Charter, Articles 12 and 19 of the Fatah Constitution as well as the (unchanged) Hamas Charter…)
As well, conditions were quite explicitly expressed in Resolution 242 (1967) where in Paragraph 2 the Council "Affirms further the necessity… (b) for achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem". The Council did not propose a specific solution, nor did it limit, stipulate or imply the provision specifically to Arab refugees, probably because the right to compensation of Jewish refugees from Arab lands also deserves a "just settlement". Thus, there is no legal basis, no matter how interpreted, for the Arab claim that resolution 242 explicitly or implicitly incorporates the solution recommended by General Assembly Resolution 194 of 1948.
So, with UNGA Resolution 194 remaining a recommendation, what of the Arab insistence on Israeli adherence to, and compliance with, a "legally binding" UNSC 242 ruling?
On March 19, 1992, replying to a question, the Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, said that "[a] resolution not based on Chapter VII is non-binding. For your information, Security Council Resolution 242 (1967) is not based on Chapter VII of the Charter."
In a statement of clarification it was said that "the resolution is not enforceable since it was not adopted under Chapter VII."("action with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace and acts of aggression.").
Thus it would seem that the resolution, because it was filed under Chapter VI of the UN Charter which deals with "pacific resolution of disputes", (made for the Security Council to show its opinion at the time without obligating a party, and thus a legally non-binding classification under international law) was also a recommendation despite its formulation in the Security Council.
To continue, in deciding who is a "refugee", one is to be guided by the 1951–1967 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees which states that a refugee is any person who
"… owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it."
Most readers will immediately point out that Israel today holds 2 million Arab Israeli citizens of diverse political persuasions who practice their religion and culture without fear or favour and who are protected by the Israel Defence Force of the State of Israel in the event of attacks by Israel's Arab neighbours.
The reader will also note that there is no mention in the Convention's definition of descendants or spouses. This is in opposition to the practice of the UNRWA which has, since 1949, registered the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren born to the refugees while co-consequently not systematically deleting all deceased persons from its registry.
Moreover, the convention ceases to apply to a person who, amongst other things, "has acquired a new nationality, and enjoys the protection of the country of his new nationality." Under this definition, the number of Palestinians qualifying for refugee status would be well below half a million.
Does Resolution 242 guarantee Palestinians a right of return?
However, one has to ask whether Resolution 242 recognizes that the "Palestinian" refugees have a right to return to Israel?
According to the Arab point of view, the answer is yes; according to the Israeli opinion it is no.
The Israeli interpretation is based on a plain reading of the text, which speaks of a just settlement, without indicating what that settlement should be.
The Arab interpretation, however, claims that Resolution 242 has, by implication, endorsed General Assembly Resolution 194(III) of 1948(31) which, in their opinion, has recognized a right of return for the refugees.
This Arab interpretation is as erroneous as it is self-serving.
In international law, if there had been an intention to incorporate UNGA Resolution 194(III), it would have been expressly stated. It was not, and any attributed "implication" is self-serving (here with the express stated intention of destroying the Jewish state).
One cannot, post facto, read into a resolution something which is not mentioned nor hinted at in it.
And besides, where UNGA Resolution 194(III) does not confer a right of return and, like most General Assembly resolutions, remained a recommendation, UN Security Council Resolution 242 was, as mentioned above, also a recommendation based on Chapter VI of the UN Charter.
However, what 242 did do was to state clearly its recommendation that the parties concerned affirm the principle of the "right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force".
It also, along with Resolution 338, served as the only agreed legal basis for resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict that was acceptable to both Israel and the Arab states (Syria agreed after the 1973 Yom Kippur War to Resolution 242 when it accepted Resolution 338 which refers to a resolution of the conflict that must be based on Resolution 242).
With regard to the right of return, I noted that the Arab adherence to Resolution 194 was an adherence to a recommendation while its adherence to Resolution 242 remains, per former Secretary General Butros-Ghali, unenforceable.
What remains, after 72 years of often violent intransigence, the refusal of 14 peace offers and three offers of statehood, is the last remaining option currently on the table (per Resolutions 242, 338 and the framework of Oslo): come to the party; negotiate land for peace; or even the little that remains may not be available in any meaningful way as either a state or even a confederation with Jordan.
Israel for its part does not need to bend over backwards any longer to accommodate demonstrably hostile "Palestinian" Arab interests. That mistake was already made back in 1967 with the (well-intentioned) granting of the waqf to Jordan for administering Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem.
In the Palestinian- Israeli conflict, nothing will change until the Palestinians, along with the larger Arab-Muslim world, come to terms with the fact that they are not uniquely persecuted, that Israel is not uniquely evil, and that compromise is a core pre-requisite for statehood however defined.
Israel remains a state that is dedicated to human rights, civil liberties, and democratic principles. For its part, and in order to answer the national aspiration of the Jewish diaspora, it absorbed Jewish refugees that came from all over the world with the aim of building a nation state through numerous compromises.
Contrast this with the interview with Akiva Eldar from Ha'aretz on July 19, 2007, where Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad stated that, because his loyalty was to the ideological legacy of Arafat, he believed that Israel must recognize Palestinian right of return voluntarily or by coercion. No compromise here.
Or this 2009 statement of the party of moderate Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas at the Sixth Fatah Congress in 2009 that updated the movement's ideological platform for the first time since its previous convening in 1989.
At the Congress, Fatah determined that one of its fundamental principles was what was defined as "a right to resistance.":
"The Fatah Movement cleaves to the right of the Palestinian people to oppose occupation with all legitimate means including its right to realize the armed struggle."
In 2020, much more of the world is coming to realise that the Palestinian demand of the right of return has been used more as a political playing card than a sincere expression of a resolution to the Arab- Israeli conflict.
This realisation becomes especially stark as it sinks in that Palestinians are the only group since the end of the second world war to have kept their refugee status and to have passed this status down to over four generations, creating a problem of millions of "refugees" that are kept as pawns in a political game instead of solving either their humanitarian situation or their stated political aspirations.
I have outlined above why and how both Resolution 194 and 242 are non-binding, and where 242 recommends that any settlement be agreed through compromise and negotiation.
Yet Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas has never publicly deviated from the PLO's fundamental position on this matter. Abbas' attitude is totally identical to that of Yasser Arafat.
For example, at the September 2010 summit meeting in Washington that launched the renewed political negotiations with Israel, Abbas reiterated three times in his short address the importance of establishing a "just peace," and said that the Palestinian people "need more than anything else, security, justice, and peace."8
The word "compromise" was never mentioned, and it does not appear at all in his reference to a future agreement with Israel and particularly regarding the refugee problem.
If only for this reason, and for the calculated demographic and political chaos it entails for a sovereign Jewish state, the Palestinian (sic) demand for a "right of return" (sic) does not have its heart in the right place, is not legally viable and can never be the basis for any Palestinian state or confederation building.
And, with the continued thawing of Israeli – Gulf Arab states relations, Israel's cordial and mutually beneficial relations with the Turkmenic Muslim states, the re-opening of Muslim Africa once again to Israeli diplomatic effort, the increasing scrutiny and defunding of Hezbollah and Iran in the international community and Trump's proposed Deal of the Century, even that diminishing window of opportunity seems to be disappearing after 72 years of a Palestinian (sic) policy of non-normalisation and intransigence towards the Israelis.
Published at C.R.A.P – Countering Racist Anti-Israel Propaganda
Tags Arab-Muslim voting bloc majority status in the UN Mahmoud Abbas Palestinian Right of Return
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MYTH: Palestinians and their supporters care about Palestinian refugees.
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Katharine Gelber has received funding from the Australian Research Council, and from the Academy of Social Sciences Australia.
Luke McNamara has received funding from the Australian Research Council.
Read more: Explainer: what is Section 18C and why do some politicians want it changed?


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text:
in: Pages needing enhanced family history perspective, Counties of Illinois, Johnson County, Illinois, Little Egypt
Johnson County, Illinois
Johnson County, Illinois view Community messages
Johnson County, Illinois links • Birth records • Businesses • Cemeteries • Census data • Census records •
349 sq mi (904 km²)
4 sq mi (11 km²), 1.22%
Johnson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. As of 2000, the population is 12,878. Its county seat is Vienna6.
4 Cities and towns
5 Census designated places
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 904 km² (349 sq mi). 893 km² (345 sq mi) of it is land and 11 km² (4 sq mi) of it (1.22%) is water.
Williamson County - north
Saline County - northeast
Pope County - east
Massac County - southeast
Pulaski County - southwest
Union County - west
Johnson County was organized in 1812 out of Randolph County. It was named for Richard M. Johnson, who was then a U.S. Congressman from Kentucky. In 1813, Johnson commanded a Kentucky regiment at the Battle of the Thames, after which he claimed to have killed Tecumseh in hand to hand combat. Johnson went on to be Vice President of the United States.
2000 census age pyramid for Johnson County, skewed toward male because of the Vienna Correctional Center, an Illinois State Prison for men.[1]
1920 12,022 −16.1%
As of the census2 of 2000, there were 12,878 people, 4,183 households, and 3,053 families residing in the county. The population density was 14/km² (37/sq mi). There were 5,046 housing units at an average density of 6/km² (15/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 83.52% White, 14.17% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.07% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 2.86% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 4,183 households out of which 30.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.30% were married couples living together, 7.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.00% were non-families. 24.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.87.
In the county the population was spread out with 18.30% under the age of 18, 11.40% from 18 to 24, 34.00% from 25 to 44, 22.70% from 45 to 64, and 13.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 149.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 160.20 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $33,326, and the median income for a family was $40,275. Males had a median income of $29,415 versus $22,844 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,990. About 8.10% of families and 11.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.30% of those under age 18 and 11.50% of those age 65 or over.
Goreville
New Burnside
Census designated places[]
Eagle Point Bay
Ganntown
Grantsburg
Lick Creek
Mermet
New Columbia
Pulleys Mill
Robbs
Samoth
Wartrace
Municipalities and communities of Johnson County, Illinois, United States
County seat: Vienna
Belknap | Buncombe | Cypress | Goreville | New Burnside | Simpson
Bloomfield | Burnside | Cache | Elvira | Goreville | Grantsburg | Simpson | Tunnel Hill | Vienna
Boles | Dixon Springs | Eagle Point Bay | Elvira | Ganntown | Grantsburg | Lick Creek | Mermet | New Columbia | Ozark | Pulleys Mill | Reevesville | Reynoldsburg | Robbs | Samoth | Tunnel Hill | Wartrace
This page uses content from the English language Wikipedia. The original content was at Johnson County, Illinois. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with this Familypedia wiki, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons License.
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An air-conditioner, which can be known as AC (in Canada) and the United States, or an air-con (in Britain and Australia), is actually a device that uses heat to be drained out by a refrigeration system from a particular area. The HVAC could be the complete system, which has an at all times process for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning.
This type of air conditioning certainly includes benefits, however the problem is the fact that it can grow your bills, persuade you to remain inside, result in a large amount of noise and can even make you ill. Some troubles can also crop up if your ac isn't properly installed, or is not completely preserved. The worst error that people make is to keep their windows and doors open while their air conditioner is on. Well, discarding your equipment is not any treatment for these dilemmas, as you'd only be depriving your-self of the comfort of your rooms. Why dont you take to the latest cooling technology as an alternative?
The Ductless Separate Air Conditioners are merely things you need to meet your cooling and heating issues.
This uni-t comes with an evaporator, which may be put up inside in an attractive space-economic cabinet. This evaporator must be joined through refrigerant or coolant pipes, to an outside uni-t, technically called a condenser. Get more on the affiliated use with by visiting compare air conditioning mornington peninsula. The function is as easy because the installation! No harmful duct-work comes into the picture, and you can even save yourself quite a lot of money o-n your energy bills. This air conditioner is actually space saving and so doesn't restrict your interior designs. The in-door uni-t is particularly constructed to make sure a noise free cooling that does not compromise the energy efficiency. The rotary converters guarantee a superb cooling at-the same time and produce the lowest level of noise!


Vests include double Crossover Velcro closures to suit most sizes & allows for a snug it during exercise.
Has two Crossover Straps for extra strength & support.
Material: Nylon 840D + removable Iron Bit bag.
Weight: Adjustable up to 10KG Iron Bit.