text:
eng rus suomi
Welcome Gallery Workshop Biography CV Contact Links
Konstantin Sterkhov
Graduated from Repin Academy of Fine Arts, St. Petersburg
Member of Saint-Petersburg Water-color Society
Member of Watercolor Society of Finland
Participant of local and international exhibitions
Teaching art courses in Russia and abroad
International exhibitions judging
Author of a book series on watercolor
Co-founder of the magazine "The Planet Of Watercolor"
Art works in museum, private and corporative collections in Russia, Europe, Asia, US and Australia.
Born in 1968, Izhevsk
An active participant in international competitions and fundraisers, curator and member of the jury of exhibition projects and festivals, co-founder of the "Masters of watercolors", the initiator of the international competition of watercolors as part of the Biennale Art Bridge, the exhibitor of 6 solo and about 30 collective Russian and international exhibitions in the venues of private, urban and museum institutions, in particular: "Manezh", "Exhibition Hall of the Artists Association", museum of Gallen Kalela (Finland), city center Sanomatalo (Finland), gallery "Akvart, Art museum of Shenzhen (China), national Library in Nanjing (China), Museum of the Contemporary Art in Qingdao (China), Ratchamdanoen Center of Contemporary Art in Bangkok (Thailand), Watercolor Gallery in San-Diego (USA) and many more.
The award of an independent jury of the Hermitage at the watercolor Biennale Art Bridge in the genre Seascape in 2005, Diploma 1st grade in cityscape at Art Bridge Biennial, 2015.
Member of the Artists Association
Member of Saint-Petersburg Watercolor Society
Member of the Finnish Watercolor Society
His works are in collections of local museums, private and corporative collections in Europe, Asia and America.
Publishing projects, an author:
Book "Masters Of Watercolor. Elements Of Water" – "Music Planet", 2013
Book "Masters Of Watercolor. From Classic To Contemporary" – "Music Planet ", 2014
Book "Masters Of Watercolor. From East to West" – Music Planet", 2015
Watercolor instructional video series on landscape, marine, portrait, flowers - "Music Planet ", 2012-2015
Co-founder and art director of the magazine "Planet Of Watercolor" - 2015
Charity Projects:
The author of a series of works for the charity of the International Organization for the Protection of Children's Rights USWRC, 1996-1997.
I do not remember a time when I was not drawing or painting. My uncle was a professional painter and he always gave me artistic inspiration. He was my first teacher. After school, I studied graphics at University. During those four years I received a solid foundation in professional graphics. However, I was aware that this was only a step to something greater. Actually the choice was made already during the first year of university - I knew I wanted to attend the oldest traditional artistic school in Russia – Repin Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg.
After 4 years of foundation work, I felt confident enough to apply to this honorable Academy. The Repin Academy is a place where even the walls can teach - students have the opportunity to bathe in the rich traditions and artistic atmosphere. The environment stimulates the desire for artistic exchange and learning, enhanced by the large number of unique art museums in St. Petersburg. The professors see it as one of their duties to pass on the traditions and deep artistic knowledge from past alumni to present day and future generations of students.
The Academy leaves a deep impression on the life of every graduate that passes through its gates. The influence of the Academy's teachings can be witnessed through different works of art whatever the genre or medium.
On graduation, I focused more on design, showing my work at exhibitions and selling pieces from time to time. Also I started teaching Art Basics and giving some short art courses in Europe. The country which influenced my painting the most was Finland. Its nature is very similar to the place where I was born. I spent my childhood in a place surrounded by forests and lakes. Finland, with its blue and green mosaics and bountiful waters and accompanying reflections, reminds me of my childhood impressions...
My favorite technique is water-color. It gives me the opportunity to express myself. I like the spontaneity of water. One has to be really flexible to operate with it. It has the ability to flow. The artist has to let it flow when he works with water-colors. These reflections of lakes and rivers, harbors and boats appear to be created for water-color painting. Water and reflections, wind, sky, clouds and boats have become the objects for my painting.
My work and travel made it possible for me to discover China – a previous unknown to me. That country lies behind a Great Wall. We know very little about it in Europe. I was lucky to be sent to a beautiful place where traditions and modern life blend together. I was invited to teach art basics in a college for designers and stylists. The management of the college has a great vision and taste for beauty and art. All the interiors and environment of that place reminds one of the old China. The brand new buildings contain many antique features, some of which are over 100 years old. Some of the architecture displays styles prevalent during the previous centuries.
Certainly these aesthetics have a great influence on the students and faculty of the college, not to mention a profound effect on my interest in China. I have started learning more about Chinese art, looking at old paintings, and asking people about their history. In this mood I have painted a series of works symbolizing my impressions of China. They are based on nature because I have been impressed by my new surroundings. My environment is filled with new objects of interest – sufficient enough to keep me inspired. It is a new kind of beauty – new faces, new patterns, new textures. All the works have been painted in one building. I would call the series "Windows and Doors". The whole building is filled with beautifully ornate wooden carvings on the doors and windows. The day light shining through the windows casts the shadows on the walls and the floor. The inner yard has no roof but it gives such an isolated feeling as if you were in a different world – no future, no past, only the present.
Konstantin Sterkhov in Finland
It`s past 16 years since Konstantin Sterkhov first time came to Finland. Since then more than 800 students attended his demonstrations, he had several exhibition in group and solo, there were a few articles about him in Finnish media, his illustrations where published in Kodin Kuvalehti and Hyva Terveys, and he issued 9 DVDs with tutorial videos representing watercolor to all art lovers.
Sterkhov brings the traditions of old Russian school of painting as a graduate of Repin Art Academy. His art is based on good drawing skills and noble color harmony. Old masters had only natural colors, and it remains an approach that Sterkhov tries to keep alive. The advantage of limited and noble palette is one of the sign of the St.Petersburg Art tradition. There are two other important things one can see in Sterkhov`s works. He is very particular about tonal contrast and composition. The play of light and shadow is one of the topic of his painting. The composition is very classical. Some of his exterior portraits have very personal intimate and inviting quality. The light penetrating into the darkness of the room is like the light illuminating the darker corners of our souls.
There is a great deal of impressionistic approach despite the classical way of thinking. Sterkhov has chosen the watercolor medium as his priority. He has been painting with aquarelle for over 30 years and he achieved an impressive cooperation with water as a basis of watercolor medium. His works demonstrate a lot of spontaneity, a well planned spontaneity that is so appreciated in aquarelle. He has a gift to see the beauty and transform it into the washes, splashes, drops-in, glazing and other techniques of watercolor.
Short after graduating from Repin Academy Sterkhov started sharing his art knowledge with those who wanted to learn painting. First coincidentally during his visits to Germany and Austria, then on more regular terms in Finland and Sweden. Actually after his first teaching experience in Finland he kept teaching there every year. Sterkhov finds it very inspiring to share art experience with students. He says he learns himself a lot from them. Many ideas come while giving critiques and correcting students` works. When Konstantin came to Finland in the late 1990-s he discovered in his students a great thirst for basic academic knowledge. By his practical teaching he invented a simple way of explaining the basics in a series of watercolor lessons, which do not require drawing skills from students but let them create quite good works already after 1 or 2 days of practicing. Many of his students keep coming to his master-classes, again and again.
The very new practice that Konstantin includes in his courses is meditation. After getting to know each other with his students Konstantin offers an easy way for relaxation, which is very important for his way of painting. It takes a few minutes a day and helps to "reload" the students, to drop all their worries and problems behind and use creative energy from the "clean page". He has been practicing Sahaja Yoga for over 20 years and he applies his spiritual experience to teaching practice.
The last year has been very busy for Konstantin Sterkhov. He had been teaching his courses in YLE art club, Gallen-Calela museum, Espoo arbis, Espoo taideseura, R. Steiner school, in Akvart gallery and in Joutsenon and Ita-hameen opisto. His work represented Finnish watercolor society in International watercolor festival, Antwerpen, Belgium, he participated in some group exhibition in Ferrin gallery and Akvart gallery in Helsinki, several exhibitions and master-classes in galleries in Saint-Petersburg. The most interesting project for the Konstantin Sterkhov now is completing the video collection of watercolor lessons in DVD. He combines his experience of "easy teaching" in more than 40 lessons issued in 9 DVDs which is a very new experience for both Russia and Finland. Now any art lover can learn his method right at home!
Sterkhov`s works are represented in private collections in Russia, Europe, Asia, USA and Australia. He tries to bring the message to the art collectors that the watercolor painting is a better investment than oil. The paint itself has the same pigments only it is water based. It is more natural than oil paints and it doesn`t change its color after many years, even after 100 years it may look as when it was only painted.
Sterkhov Konstantin is a member of Saint-Petersburg Watercolor society which was found in the end of XIX-th century and restored in 90-s of of XX. It is the only watercolor society in Russia and it has its goal to keep the traditions of transparent aquarelle going. Sterkhov takes a lot of efforts to spread the message of watercolor medium to watercolor lovers through internet. He runs the blog sterkhovart.blogspot.com where he share a lot of information about the medium worldwide, takes interviews of international top watercolor artists, writes art reviews and publish free watercolor lessons. He believes that the interest to watercolor is in the process of development and this wonderful medium will have its highest blooming. He is doing his best for it.
The Sons of the Dragon
The idea started from a simple pencil sketch. I came to China for the second time and was eager to learn about Chinese characters and faces. I had had no experience of drawing these types of faces before. While I was looking for models a friend of mine told me the story about the Dragon. He said Chinese people believe they all come from this fantastic creature. It gave me the feeling that my models should be very special.
I tried to find out more about the Dragon myth. The next discovery was that the Dragon had 9 sons each of different appearance and character. Their bodies were made up of parts from different creatures and some parts from their Father. They all had different personalities.
The idea was clear. My models would be the modern embodiment of the Dragon's sons. I saw them as young, strong and full of hidden power. They should look up to date. They all should have an expressive element which would be different and uniting at the same time. I was teaching Art at the Hair Stylist College. I saw many students everywhere I looked. The element which lent itself to the most freedom of expression was hair styles. Many young people were trying to express their individual identity with extraordinary hair styles. I thought, "That's it! It's a spot light".
This is how my series emerged. I found the models - my Chinese friends helped me with the calligraphic writing of the Series name. This piece of writing together with the Dragon's images puts the project into a historical perspective. The young faces are the past, present and the future of the Chinese people, as I see it.
copyright © 2008 sterhovart. All rights reserved. Do not copy images.
website development by sterhov@


text:
import run from 'ember-metal/run_loop';
import get from 'ember-metal/property_get';
import EmberObject from 'ember-runtime/system/object';
import Mixin from 'ember-metal/mixin';

QUnit.module('Ember.Mixin#reopen');

test('using reopen() to add more properties to a simple', function() {
  var MixinA = Mixin.create({ foo: 'FOO', baz: 'BAZ' });
  MixinA.reopen({ bar: 'BAR', foo: 'FOO2' });
  var obj = {};
  MixinA.apply(obj);

  equal(get(obj, 'foo'), 'FOO2', 'mixin() should override');
  equal(get(obj, 'baz'), 'BAZ', 'preserve MixinA props');
  equal(get(obj, 'bar'), 'BAR', 'include MixinB props');
});

test('using reopen() and calling _super where there is not a super function does not cause infinite recursion', function(){
  var Taco = EmberObject.extend({
    createBreakfast: function(){
      // There is no original createBreakfast function.
      // Calling the wrapped _super function here
      // used to end in an infinite call loop
      this._super.apply(this, arguments);
      return "Breakfast!";
    }
  });

  Taco.reopen({
    createBreakfast: function(){
      return this._super.apply(this, arguments);
    }
  });

  var taco = Taco.create();

  var result;
  run(function(){
    try {
      result = taco.createBreakfast();
    } catch (e) {
      result = "Your breakfast was interrupted by an infinite stack error.";
    }
  });

  equal(result, "Breakfast!");
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Card Myanmar goes live on Musoni
We're excited to announce that CARD Myanmar Company Limited (CARD Myanmar) has gone live on the Musoni cloud banking system in partnership with ThitsaWorks.
According to the 2017 Myanmar Living Condition Survey (MLCS), approximately one in four people in Myanmar live below the poverty line. Despite strong progress in poverty reduction in recent years, vulnerability to poverty remains an issue. Microfinance plays a crucial role in bringing credit access to people & SMEs in rural and suburban areas, helping them raise income levels and move out of poverty.
Sharing a common goal to eradicate poverty in Myanmar, CARD Myanmar has chosen Musoni's award-winning core banking system to easily grow its portfolio and provide more channels to its customers. In the coming months CARD Myanmar will continue their digitalisation journey, and deploy additional channels such as the Musoni digital field application for account officers, and the Musoni client app. All solutions are already translated into local language and the system includes the FRD regulatory financial reports as standard, making the system perfectly suited for Myanmar.
Mr. Bengie L. Buenviaje, Microfinance Expert from CARD Myanmar, said "We are delighted to work together with Musoni and ThitsaWorks. Musoni is perfectly suited for us in supporting our digitalisation strategy. We are convinced that this is an excellent system for us to become a sustainable microfinance company providing integrated services to low-income families and contribute to poverty eradication in Myanmar."
Cameron Goldie-Scot, Musoni's CEO, added "We are very proud to be have been chosen as the digitalisation partner for CARD Myanmar, an excellent organisation that has consistently worked to empower marginalised communities. We look forward to supporting their digitalisation journey over the coming years."
U Nyi Nyein Aye, ThitsaWorks' CEO, commented "We are excited to partner with CARD Myanmar to help them with their digital transformation. I believe that these reliable and robust systems provided by Musoni will make more effective and efficient changes in the operations of financial institutions, and promote financial inclusion in the country. This will bring positive impacts within the society and we are always welcome to help all MFIs in Myanmar grow."
About Card Myanmar – Card Myanmar Company Limited is part of the Philippines based international MFI network, running across a number of countries in Asia. In response to the needs for microfinance services in Myanmar, CARD Myanmar was established in 2013, providing three major services; microfinance, capacity building and technical assistance with 18 branch offices nationwide. CARD Myanmar provides a suite of low-interest rate loans designed to meet low-income families' needs: Regular Business Loan, Small Business Loan, Educational Loan and Agricultural Loan. CARD Myanmar is committed to becoming a sustainable microfinance company offering integrated services to vulnerable communities and contributing to the poverty eradication in Myanmar. CARD Myanmar currently serves 20,000 customers, providing microfinance and integrated services to low income, vulnerable, and disadvantaged people and their families.
About Musoni – Musoni is the leading digitalisation partner for microfinance institutions around the world. It helps organisations improve their efficiency and extend their outreach through a variety of fintech solutions. These include a cloud banking system, digital field application, mobile payments module and client banking app. It has over a decade of experience and now supports 75 organisations in 15 different countries. It takes pride in its hands-on and personalised approach, with local teams in the Netherlands, Kenya and Myanmar.
About ThitsaWorks – ThitsaWorks is a Myanmar financial technology company based in Yangon. Founded in 2016, ThitsaWorks provides financial technology solutions for Microfinance institutions to run effective operations. ThitsaWorks works with large and small MFIs in Myanmar to help them enable better management and minimize risks, thereby attracting more customers and powering financial in the country. Led by a team of IT professionals, the ThitsaWorks team has years of experience managing mission critical IT expertise system globally. ThitsaWorks is Musoni's official partner in Myanmar.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We used up the butter maple shea butter soap I made and colored with kitchen spices. A ton of people asked if the turmeric I used to color the soap turned our skin yellow. I'm happy to say, nope not a bit.
I have a bunch of Consumer Craft soap making supplies left from making my first batch of melt and pour soap. I also have some end of the season basil from our garden that doesn't taste that great in cooking. I put them together and made an orange citrus basil soap using an Aloe Vera vegan glycerin melt and pour soap base.
The result is scrubby dubby good and something I plan to make now for holiday gifts later. Hint: Citrus Basil soap makes great stocking stuffers and teacher gifts!
The herbs in this soap will float to the top and sink to the bottom of the soap mold. To make sure the basil is throughout the soap, melt and pour the basil infused and scented soap in individual layers. Don't worry, it is easy. I'll walk you though it.
My aloe soap base is light green. I chose not to color it to see what would happen after I added the basil. If you want a more pronounced green color or to do something crazy like color it blue or whatever color floats your boat, you can add a drop or two of soap color to the melted soap after you add the scent in Step 3.
You can use anything that will hold hot soap and not melt as a soap mold. I use a glass dish, repurposed yogurt cup and purchased soap mold with equal results.
1. Spread a thin layer of cooking oil with the pastry brush in your soap mold. I used a glass Pyrex dish as an experiment for my plastic free readers. You can use anything that will hold hot soap and not melt. I tried a plastic yogurt cup and purchased soap mold with equal results.
I use olive oil because it has moisturizing properties and was at the front of the pantry shelf.
2. Melt one to two cubes of soap base in the microwave or double boiler on the stove. Since I am using as using such a small amount of soap base, it took 5 to 10 seconds in the microwave to melt the soap base to make one bar of natural soap.
3. Add a few drops of orange citrus fragrance oil to the melted soap base. How much you use depends one how heavily scented you want your soap. The general rule for a heavily scented bar of natural soap is to add 4 to 5 drops of fragrance oil (less if you are using a concentrated pure essential oil) per ounce of soap base.
4. Add a pinch of dried basil to the melted soap base and stir gently with a fork to reduce the chance of creating air bubbles in the soap. Use a light hand when you are putting additives in your soap. If you add too much the soap may not clean and lather as well as you might like.
5. Pour the soap into the mold. Caution: The basil will sink to the bottom and float to the top of the soap mold. That's why we are doing this in one to two ounce pours.
6. Spray the soap in the mold with rubbing alcohol to remove any air bubbles from the top of the soap if needed.
7. Allow the soap to set for 10 to 20 minutes.
8. Repeat Steps 2 through 7 with for the next layer of soap base.
9. Spray the soap mold with rubbing alcohol to allow the next layer of soap to stick to cooling soap in the mold, and pour the next layer of soap to the mold.
A little spritz will make it stick!
10. Allow the soap to set for another 10 to 20 minutes. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 for as many layers of soap you need to fill the soap mold.
11. Allow the soap to set for several hours until hard. I let mine set overnight.
12. After the soap sets release the soap from the mold by press on sides of mold to loosen the soap from the soap mold. If you are using a glass dish, you may need to carefully run a knife around the sides of the mold to release the soap.
13. Scrub it up with your homemade soap!
It looks extravagantly luxurious! Hope you love using it!
This looks like such a fun project - I can't wait to try!
It's very pretty. How do you like it? I love basil!
Thanks for sharing on Repurposed Ideas Weekly.
This looks great! I've never made soap before but have always wanted to try! Love the sound of the citrus and basil!


There are a lot of reasons people end up falling deep into debt. The loss of a job, a medical emergency, a divorce, career change, or some other personal emergency cause your finances to change and things that were once affordable (car loan, credit cards, student loans, mortgage, etc.) are now a burden. You start making late payments, taking from one account to cover the other, and before you know it your accounts have been turned over to collections and you're facing a plethora of negative consequences.
Ignoring the matter will only cause things to get worse. Though it may seem like there is no end in sight, there are plenty of consumers who have dug themselves out of a hole totaling tens of thousands of dollars. The solution? Get serious about your finances and come up with a debt repayment plan.
What is a Debt Repayment Plan?
A debt repayment plan is a personal strategy on how you'll start paying off your debt. Based on your current income and the debts you have you work to find a solution that will allow you to settle the accounts in full over the shortest period of time. Once you've got an idea of what you can afford each pay cycle or month, you contact the creditors to see if they have an option that would work for your budget. Here are some tips for making the most efficient plan.
Know where you stand – the first bit of advice is to have a clear understanding of where you stand. Get your credit report, account statements, and other documentation necessary to calculate your total debt.
Know what you can afford – review your current budget. After paying for all necessities, how much money do you have left to commit to paying down your debts?
Contact Companies – you now know what you can afford to pay each month to get the balance paid in full. So, you should start contacting creditors and lenders to find out what options they have available to you. Some suggestions might be to request a lower interest rate or to have late fees and collection costs reduced. If someone is willing to give you a settlement offer, you might consider filling out a cash loan application online to see if you can get the funds you need upfront. This would resolve the account and improve your credit right away while you pay back the loan in smaller installments.
Get the plan in writing and stick to it – after negotiating with creditors and lenders make sure that you request the debt repayment plan in writing for your records. Be sure that you are ready to start making payments on the day you specified and stick with it until the balance has been paid in full. Failure to stick to a repayment plan that you agreed to may make things worse in the long run.
When you're dealing with a serious amount of debt, doing nothing is the wrong answer. The best option is to come up with your own debt repayment plan and reach out to creditors for negotiations. As they want to get the matter resolved, they are highly likely to work with you to find a feasible solution. Whether that means paying a lesser amount to settle or breaking your debt up into small monthly payments over a period of time, make sure that you get the agreement in writing and stick to your end of the bargain. It could take several months or years depending on how much debt you're dealing with, but having a debt repayment plan is often the wisest way to become debt-free.


text:
Highway 40 Blues
Country Gentleman: The Best Of RickySkaggs
Cotton-Eyed Joe
The Essential Chieftains
Heartbroke
16 Biggest Hits
Love's Gonna Get Ya!
Highways And Heartaches
Ricky Skaggs & Bruce Hornsby
Chilled Christmas (Cold Winter Anthems)
Jake Workman
Dionne Warwick & The Voices of Christmas
et 204 autres albums
À propos de Ricky Skaggs
Singer-Songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ricky Skaggs started his career in Bluegrass playing mandolin and guitar with the Stanley Brothers in 1970. He kept developing his skills as both a sideman and a leader throughout the '70s, working mostly in Bluegrass. He was also a member of Emmylou Harris' Hot Band for a couple of years. In the early '80s, he had a streak of mainstream country (a genre plagued with pop gloss and overproduction) chart success. Skaggs and his sidemen's virtuoso country picking was heavily influenced by Bluegrass. That, when combined with his lean, no-frills production, makes Skaggs' gold and platinum success even more remarkable. Eric Shea
Carl Jackson, George Strait, John Anderson, Keith Whitley, Marty Stuart, Vern Gosdin
New Traditional Bluegrass
Singer-Songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Ricky Skaggs started his career in Bluegrass playing mandolin and guitar with the Stanley Brothers in 1970. He kept developing his skills as both a sideman and a leader throughout the '70s, working mostly in Bluegrass. He was also a member of Emmylou Harris' Hot Band for a couple of years. In the early '80s, he had a streak of mainstream country (a genre plagued with pop gloss and overproduction) chart success. Skaggs and his sidemen's virtuoso country picking was heavily influenced by Bluegrass. That, when combined with his lean, no-frills production, makes Skaggs' gold and platinum success even more remarkable.
Bakersfield Sound
Progressive Bluegrass
The Essential Ricky Skaggs
Christmas Songs For The Car
Jingle Bells (feat. John Rich, The Oak Ridge...
Christmas Holiday Favourites
Single Man (Bluegrass Version)
High Valley


text:
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At REC, contributing to a world with wider and increased access to our energy is our passion, and this is lived by our 1,800+ employees. Our own people from various offices, departments, and job functions all over their world tell you why they work in solar and why REC is such a great place to work.
REC in EMEA
DANIEL, SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER, REC IN MUNICH, GERMANY
"REC offers an enjoyable and international working atmosphere with great colleagues from all over the world. At the realization of large scale solar projects i face exciting new challenges every day. In my daily work, i have to learn how to think outside the box and i can identify new ways and solutions to achieve the best results for the company. I'm looking forward to my future at the rec to learn and grow more in my role as a project manager and i believe rec is an excellent organization with which to build a career."
BETTINA, KEY ACCOUNT MANAGER, REC IN MUNICH, GERMANY
"I really like the idea of contributing to a cleaner world and better way of producing energy. The ever-changing market conditions are often tough but always a new challenge so it never gets boring. Working in REC is fun mainly because of the people who are working here – in my office there is a very international crowd which is inspiring, talented and fun to be with! Last but not least REC is located very convenient for me so I can go to work by bike in the sunny season, spend less time commuting and more time with my family! ;-)"
REC in Asia-Pacific
Cai, Senior Process Engineer, REC in Singapore
"Gathering data, analyzing trends,solving problems and learning newthings using the state-of-the-artequipment at REC are all just a smallpart of my job scope. In the end, it's the whole team's efforts of creating high-quality and long-lasting solar panels that enables us to ensure maximum customer and job satisfaction."
Candy, Manufacturing Engineer, REC in Singapore
"What I enjoy most at REC is theopportunity to work with differentcross-functional teams, enabling meto meet and learn from colleaguesthat have various specializations insolar manufacturing. The REC approach in manning and optimizing manpower has also greatly enhanced my knowledge as a manufaturing engineer."
Ashok, Senior Equipment Engineer, REC in Singapore
"Some of the greatest satisfaction is derived from the ability to ensure maximum utilization of the state-of-the-art equipment through the constant training and development provided to me at REC, and more importantly, the great team spirit that is displayed while handling equipments challenges."
Darryl, Senior Process Development Engineer, REC in Singapore
"Combining cutting edge technology with a world-class and fully-automated production facility, REC is at the forefront of the global drivetowards Energizing Life Together. Ithas been a very exciting and rewarding journey so far for me in the Solar Panels division and I am looking forward to continue delivering top quality and affordable panels with REC for the world."
Lim Jin, Equipment Engineer, REC in Singapore
"I am grateful REC has provided me the opportunity to develop cross-functional skills through the Internal Mobility Program which saw me transform from a Manufacturing Engineer to currently an Equipment Engineer. This enables the journey of self-discovery amidst working in a world-renown solar energy company, reducing carbon footprint one panel at a time."
REC in North America
Kristin, Sales Operations Manager, REC in San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
"I've worked for REC for almost five years now, and in that time, we have had many opportunities and challenges. My favorite thing about working for REC has been tackling these things- every day is something new and different. And of course, sometimes these changes are not always easy, but working with a great team of people as well as wonderful customers has made the challenges much less difficult! I love the people that I work with at REC."
Monty, Accounting Manager, REC in San Francisco, CA, USA
"The first reason why I work for REC is REC's nature of business, creating value through efficient and sustainable solar products to meet growing electricity needs globally. Being a multinational company, I am getting valuable experience by working with the people from different countries and backgrounds. REC recognizes the value of employees. Being in small office set up, I feel very valuable and responsible for the work I do at REC. Upper management is very transparent to the employees and also interaction is very comfortable. Work life balance is great in the company, with flexibility of work hours as long as things get completed."
REC in Japan
Ushio, Director of Sales, REC in Tokyo, Japan
"After the nuclear disaster caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, we realize the importance of renewable energy in Japan. Among various renewable energies, solar products are the most installation-friendly. I can contribute to accelerate such human-friendly energy and I find the job very meaningful. At REC, the products, operations and people are honest and built based on integrity and the company is very international, embracing diversity."
Keisuke, Sales Manager, REC in Tokyo, Japan
"Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, renewable energy has became an important industry. I am highly motivated to contribute in this industry and work for the better future of Japan. Plus, quality is top priority in REC. Thus I am confident to talk to customer and sell REC products."
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Video: Mary Katharine Ham and Bill O'Reilly Argue About Pot Legalization
The clip below represents round two of a spat that started last week. Bill O'Reilly is adamantly opposed to marijuana legalization efforts, whereas Mary Katharine Ham is not. During last Monday's exchange, O'Reilly challenged MKH on whether she, as a new mother, would want her daughter smoking weed in her teenage years. Ham answered his question directly (in the negative), then pivoted to her key point: Just because she as a parent may steer her minor child away from engaging in a certain activity doesn't mean that said activity should be illegal across the board. She argued that the drug war -- specifically vis-a-vis marijuana -- raises liberty concerns, hasn't been successful on the merits, and costs a fortune. In response, O'Reilly cut her off, accusing her of "babbling." Needless to say, it was a buzz-worthy segment, and last night brought us an encore performance. The video below begins with O'Reilly's monologue on the issue, followed by his "shoot-out" with MKH. Be sure to stick with it through to the end, lest you miss Ham asking America's top-rated cable news host if he "would like to be a lady of temperance:"
I find myself somewhere in between O'Reilly and Ham's positions in this debate -- which, incidentally, rates pretty low on my priority list in general. O'Reilly's warnings about the eventual impact of legalization on some children and the culture writ large are emotional and vague, but still strike a chord. I don't view broader acceptance and use of marijuana as a societal good. I also believe that increased drug use will have any number of deleterious effects on both a micro and macro level. And yes, for some people, pot is in fact a gateway drug. The host's admonition against bestowing the law's blessing upon yet another socially-acceptable, mind-altering temptation is intuitively reasonable. It's a strain of the "higher pleasures" case some legalization opponents have advanced. In short, I share some of O'Reilly's stated concerns and am more than sympathetic to his overall outlook that increased drug consumption is not a good thing. But his bluster and unsupported assertions don't help his cause. Saying that smoking weed will become so commonplace among kids that it "will be like chewing gum" is silly. His statistic that cases of marijuana addiction as a percentage of teenage users will somehow triple sounded like it was made up on the spot. MKH's side of this dispute appeals less to my sensibilities than it does to my rationality. The "war on drugs" costs taxpayers massive sums of money every year, and just hasn't worked. Law enforcement expends prodigious amounts of time and effort on marijuana -- resources that could, and probably should, be employed elsewhere. But here's the question I asked last night after watching the heated discussion as it aired:
And I'm hazy on BOR's practical position. He's fine with adults using pot, but not kids? Isn't that...pro-legalization? @mkhammer
— Guy Benson (@guypbenson) January 14, 2014
On two separate occasions, O'Reilly states that he has no problem with adults smoking a little dope in the privacy of their own homes. He also concedes that people with painful and debilitating illnesses should be able to obtain marijuana to relieve symptoms. His hobby horse, really, is how changes in the law and culture would impact The Children. Well, legalization laws in Colorado and Washington only apply to adults; marijuana is still very much illegal for minors in both states. (Also, teenagers are famously and universally respectful of drug and alcohol statutes, right?) O'Reilly's position seems a bit incoherent. Yes to (legitimate) medical marijuana and recreational adult use...but no to legalization? How does he square that circle? As best as I can tell, his stance is that the substance should remain illegal, but authorities should simply look the other way in many cases involving adults. Pardon me, but isn't that a form of sweeping, de facto legalization? Doesn't that approach amount to lawlessness that would fail to curtail, let alone stamp out, the black market? I'll leave you with a quotation from the great conservative thinker William F. Buckley, explaining why he both abhorred most drugs and favored the liberalization of certain drug laws:
"First of all, please don't mistake my position for that of people who are indifferent to drugs. I'm not indifferent to drugs. I think I've been quoted as saying if I could turn a single latch which would make all the drugs disappear from the face of the earth, with the exception of here and there, a vineyard in Bordeaux, I would turn that latch. Now, you say is it inconsistent for a conservative to take my position? I don't think it is, because a conservative seeks to be grounded in reality. That which works is quantifiable; that which simply does not work, isn't. If you were to pass a law requiring people to go to church on Sunday, it wouldn't work. Under the circumstances, you would eventually simply withdraw such a law. My position on drugs is that they are, the drug laws aren't working, and that more damage net is being done by their continuation on the books than would be done by withdrawing them from the books."
It's a persuasive and elegantly-stated perspective, so kudos to MKH for citing it in her tete-a-tete with O'Reilly. The crux of her argument is that (a) not all inadvisable things should be prohibited by the state, and (b) the empirical results of America's drug war -- at least as currently constituted -- demonstrate that it isn't working well. That should matter from a policy and taxpayer ROI standpoint. O'Reilly is convinced that his opinions will be validated by future studies that will measure and confirm the social decay he predicts will begin to rot away at the culture in places like Colorado. He may be proven correct some day, but for now, the data on the other side ought not be ignored.


text:
Johann Nepomuk Scheel (Böhmenkirch, Regne de Württemberg, 22 d'agost de 1849) fou un compositor, poeta i apicultor. Va escriure: Unterricht in der Bienenzucht (1882; 2a ed., 1899); Prakt, Imkerregin (1883); Honigbüchlein (1885); Laudate, Schülergesang-und Gebetbuch (1889; 2a ed., 1895); Fünfzig Weihnachtsgeld (1895); Gedichte und Lieder zum Sankt Bernhard Büchlein (1910); Hans und Peter, zwei Schwerenöter, poesies (1911; millar, 1925); Neues Honigbuch (1916); Sankt Nikolausfeier (1924); Schwäbische Weihnachtsgedichte (1925-26), etc, i un gran nombre de misses i càntics religiosos i profans.

Bibliografia
 Enciclopèdia Espasa Apèndix núm. 9, pàg. 1135

Poetes alemanys
Compositors alemanys del Romanticisme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
-11 ° Thu
Interview with Voodoo Glow Skulls – Ottawa Sept 14th
in Arts and Culture
Ottawa Ontario – California ska band Voodoo Glow Skulls have an upcoming Canadian tour which includes a stop at Maverick's in Ottawa on September 14th.
The Power Of Art In Relieving Stress And Anxiety
Blake Hawley signs with Spuds Records and debuts new EP
Cornwall Musicians Make Free Quarantine Album
Over a 29 year career, Voodoo Glow Skulls have 9 full length albums, and have sold over a million records. However, it's been five years since the bands last full length album. "Break the Spell" was released in 2012.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zD2slMmEX-s&w=560&h=315]
The band is working on a follow-up album on Stomp Records, but there is no official release date or album title yet.
"We have been working on new music off and on for the last couple years in my home studio in Riverside, California. New ideas true to the original sound and style of the band. It will eventually be released on Stomp Records and there is no title yet," said Eddie Casillas of the Voodoo Glow Skulls.
Frank Casillas who was vocalist, and Eddie and Jorge's brother, is no longer in the band.
"People don't really know or realize that Frank moved away from our hometown, Riverside, California to rural Arizona over 15 years ago. We got used to him not being around or present at most rehearsals and writing sessions. When he decided to "retire", I can't say that I was surprised and actually a little bit relieved. We spent many years on the road with the three brothers and mostly had great times but being around each other that long takes a toll. There will always be room for Frank in this band if he or we decide it is the right time or thing to do," Eddie Casillas explained.
There is a rumour that Efrem Schulz of Death by Stereo is the new singer of Voodoo Glow Skulls. Don't believe everything you read on Wikipedia!
"We heard that same rumour and it was brought to our attention that it started with a false Wikipedia post. We know Efrem and his bands a little, but there has been no talk of him trying out. He actually has prior commitments with Death by Stereo as far as I know. Wishful thinking on some fans part I guess," Eddie Casillas stated.
Voodoo Glow Skulls are known to blend humour and politics in their lyrics to make social commentary. Has President Trump's politics influenced any of your new song lyrics?
"I definitely pay attention to politics and have always been influenced by the injustices of the powers that be, but Trump has made me decide to leave most social media platforms and ignore much of the current news. It's disappointing more than ever before. That being said, there has been some minor influence on a couple of the new tracks," Eddie Casillas declared.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBsHDZYNkGU&w=560&h=315]
Voodoo Glow Skulls gained a lot of exposure when they were on Epitaph Records and appeared on four of the Punk O Rama compilation CDs along with bands like Nofx, Bad Religion, and Pennywise.
Do feel nostalgia for the Punk O Rama albums? Is there still a place for punk compilations in an ever growing digital world?
"I'm pretty sure comps still exist, maybe not the same as the "Epitaph era" but that was the 90s obviously and tastes and styles change and come and go. There is probably always room for a good comp somewhere," Eddie Casillas answered.
Voodoo Glow Skulls have appeared in Hollywood movie soundtracks such as Bio-Dome with Pauly Shore, and Mr. & Mrs. Smith with Brad Pitt and and Angelina Jolie. Which is the better movie, and which made better use of your music?
"Biodome. Biodome," said Eddie Casillas.
On August 26th, Voodoo Glow Skulls are playing a festival with Rancid and Dropkick Murphy's in California.
After all these years playing is there still a feeling of excitement when you play a show or festival with bands like Rancid and Dropkick Murphys?
"Shows are always exciting to play, especially anything at festival level with legendary bands," said Eddie Casillas.
What is your favourite Voodoo Glow Skulls song to play live in concert and why?
"Insubordination. It is the definitive Voodoo Glow Skulls song," Eddie Casillas noted.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7WoRuGED-E&w=560&h=315]
Are the Voodoo Glow Skulls planning anything for their 30th anniversary next year?
"Every tour could be the last and we never know what's gonna happen. If the next shows/tours get good to us then perhaps we will decide to continue and book shows. For now we have no plans passed November 20th," Eddie Casillas admitted.
The upcoming Ottawa show is a must-see, as it could be their final tour.
"Voodoo Glow Skulls have always enjoyed and been excited about playing Canada the few times we have been but we still haven't been enough times as we should have. This is the most rehearsed this band would have been in the last 15-16 years, if it is our last tour, please come hang out and help us go out in style," Eddie Casillas concluded.
K-Man and the 45's are also playing September 14th at Mavericks in Ottawa. Doors are at 7pm, the show is 19+, and tickets are $18. Purchase tickets online. For more information visit the event's Facebook page.
Tags: ConcertOttawaSkaVoodoo Glow Skulls
Interview with AC/DC original lead singer Dave Evans - New Album


If your company provides financial services to the federal government — ranging from accounting, budgeting, and auditing, to loan servicing, debt collection, and grants management — you may want to consider obtaining a GSA Professional Services Schedule (PSS) Contract. PSS contains a subset of categories for financial services known as Financial and Business Solutions (FABS).
In fiscal year 2017, government buyers spent more than $1.6 billion on FABS related services through the GSA PSS Contract.
What Type of Services Qualify for FABS?
Below is a listing of FABS related subcategories, known as Special Item Numbers (SINs) under the GSA PSS Contract. If your services fall under one of the SINs listed below and your company has been in business for at least two years, you may qualify to obtain a GSA PSS Contract for FABS.
Federal Schedules, Inc. has been helping companies obtain and manage their GSA Schedule Contracts for FABS related offerings since 1986. We can help you through each step of the process – from strategy development and proposal preparation, to GSA Schedule Contract award and post-award management. For more information, see GSA Schedule Proposal Help, contact us, or call us at 703-709-8700 for a quote.


Well maintained family home in peaceful Shavano Estates. Master bedroom with over sized 3/4 bath and walk in closet. Large, open living room with formal dining area between the kitchen and sliding glass doors out to the backyard and patio. Fenced back yard with grass, sprinkler system and concrete patio for outdoor, summer fun and a safe place for the puppies to play. Xeriscaped front yard, curb and gutter, very peaceful setting on a circle drive with no through traffic. Convenient location within walking distance of The Salida Walking Trail System, Salida Hot Springs Pool and Highway 50 corridor restaurants and shopping. Finished, attached, 2 car garage with windows. This one won't last!


text:
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Dear Parents and Carers
As we enter the month of March, Spring is on the horizon. Longer hours of daylight and the beauty of snowdrops and daffodils offer a promise of warmer weather and brighter days. We hope that the stormy days and rain are behind us and that the sun will eventually break through. The spring term in school is normally a short but busy term. I am writing today to share with you some of the highlights so far and also to bring our community together to consider how we can show empathy and solidarity with those in crisis.
Yesterday was World Book Day and it was brilliant to see the costumes on display and 'book talks' taking place across the school. We would like to show our gratitude to the newly formed PSA for their commitment in supporting us with this. At breaktime and lunchtime, they sold hot chocolate to raise funds and hosted a 'book swop' for students to explore new texts. Thank you to all the parents and staff involved. We are all aware of the importance of reading and how it can open the world to us, broadening our understanding on a wider map.
As the Covid restrictions begin to lift, we have been excited to return to some of our normal practice this term. The re-introduction of face to face assemblies has been welcomed. We know that this learning time is crucial when building a sense of identity and community spirit in each year group. It is also a time for personal growth, the development of values and the consideration of support for one another. We are acutely aware of the impact that the last two years has had on the well being of members of our school community and in line with our vision, we will be using assembly time to build resilience, self-belief and security for our young people.
The pace and immediacy of the world that our students live in can present challenge. Digital platforms and social media can provide learning and debate for us all, but as adults we are aware of the negative aspects that can also be generated. As a school we remain committed to ensuring that we address these concerns, challenge misconceptions, and educate young people to be safe, informed and courageous in the decisions they make. In recent months we have benefitted from visits by professional organisations and charities to support us in this work. 'Soulscape', a Wokingham charity, gave a workshop with our KS4 students regarding understanding pornography in society and, on Tuesday this week, all students from Year 7 – 11 enjoyed a performance from the boy band, 'Here At Last'. They offered an unplugged concert and spoke to the students about cyber bullying and online safety. The feedback from these sessions has been extremely positive.
We have also valued a series of workshops with the local charity, Brave Minds. This charity has a range of goals centred in supporting schools and sports organisations in keeping the promotion of positive mental health at the heart of their community. This charity has been founded by the Rugby community and it has a number of professional Rugby players as its ambassadors. Their aim is to address the cultural challenge for young men and explore 'toxic masculinity' in the broadest sense. They have given a small group of Year 10 boys space to talk, learn and reflect on their mental health and behaviours whilst learning about themselves and who they want to be. We hope to continue our partnership with this charity - #togetherwecan.
Finally, I would like to share with you our response to the conflict taking place in Ukraine. This week, tutors and teaching staff have been ready and prepared to offer time and space for our students to discuss the situation. Using the 'Windows, Mirrors, Doors' structure, we have encouraged the students to begin by 'looking through the window' at the facts. They have been encouraged to explore the historical and political context, whilst ensuring that they are using reliable sources. Following this, they 'look into the mirror' and consider their own thoughts, reflections and questions regarding what they have learned and the impact of the situation. Finally, 'the door' supports the students in considering what steps they might take next in response to their learning. In line with our vision of 'Go and do likewise', they consider what opportunities are possible in order to make a difference.
We would like to show love and compassion to those who have been affected by the events in Ukraine. This morning, the Student Voice Council will meet and discuss how they believe we should respond as a school community. We are aware that many organisations are accepting donations of resources but we will also consider the possibility of a donation of funds to The British Red Cross or UNICEF, as an additional way of getting support to those who need it. The Student Council will be writing to parents and students to share their intentions and will ask for your support in due course. We hope that you will be able to support their plans, should you be able to. We will continue to pray for all of those in need, focusing on strength, love and hope to carry them forward.
Thank you for your on-going support of our school.
Rebecca Alexander
Deputy Headteacher
© 2023 The Piggott School
Twyford Road, Wargrave, Reading, Berkshire, RG10 8DS
Email: office@piggottschool.org
Contact Person: Mrs Caroline Preston


text:
Q: C# double.ToString() max number of digits and trailing zeros How to convert a double into a string with 6 max number of digits and remove trailing zeros?
I want to have :
2.123456123 -> "2.123456"
0.0000012 -> "0.000001"   (and not "1.2e-6")
12.45 -> "12.45"   (and not "12.450000")
36 -> "36"   (and not "36.000000")

using string.Format("{0:F6"}, value) output trailing zeros and string.Format("{0:G6"}, value) will not fit the second example.
Is it ok to use value.ToString("0.######)?
Is there an equivalent way to do with string.Format()?

A: It is okay to use value.ToString("0.######"). However, you should consider another thing: double is not a decimal (base 10) number. You should not rely on the decimal representation of the number to be anything reasonable - plenty of normal decimal base 10 numbers require infinite decimal expansion in base 2.
If you do care about the decimal representation, it might be a better idea to use decimal instead - it's also a floating point number, but in base 10.
And in either case, this involves rounding - that might or might not be what you want.

A: tokens is a ViewModel with Price string property:
foreach (var item in tokens)
{
  item.Price = double.Parse(item.Price).ToString("#,0");
}

// 123456 => 123,456

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text:
discussion paper (3)
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Road Transport Legislation Amendment Exposure Draft 2012 - Consultation Guide
First Phase Review of Restorative Justice
The findings of the review of Phase 1 of the Crimes (Restorative Justice) Act 2004 (the Act), show that restorative justice is proving to be a valuabl
Serious Organised Crime Groups and Activities
This 2009 report to the ACT Legislative Assembly provides advice to the Assembly on the nature and operation of existing Territory laws used to combat
The Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT): The First Five Years of Operation
This 2009 report, prepared by the ACT Human Rights Act Research Project team, presents findings resulting from a review of the first five years of ope
Review of Police Criminal Investigative Powers Discussion Paper
The Review of Police Criminal Investigative Powers Discussion Paper was released for consultation in May 2010 with submissions closing on 30 June 2010
Review of the Liquor Act 1975 Final Report Summary
This Summary paper outlines the proposed major government reforms to accompany the Final Report of the 2009 Review of the Liquor Act 1975.
Review of the Liquor Act 1975 Final Report
This 2009 report contains a number of recommendations developed in response to submissions received from the liquor industry, government agencies, com
Review of the Liquor Act 1975: Discussion Paper
This 2008 Discussion Paper examined the ACT liquor laws, raised various alcohol-related issues and put forward reform options.
Issues Paper: Review of the ACT Victims of Crime Act 1994
This 2008 Issues Paper outlines the review process for the Victims of Crime Act 1994.
Independent Review of Pursuit Guidelines
This 2007 independent review examined the findings of the terms of reference governing the 2005 AFP review.


text:
\section*{\refname}} https://www.overleaf.com/project/632302f17bd9e44010bcf5b7

\title{High-frequency complex impedance analysis of the two-dimensional semiconducting MXene-{\ensuremath{\bf{Ti_2CO_2}}}}

	\author{Anup Kumar Mandia$^{a}$}
	\author{Rohit Kumar$^{a}$}
	\author{Namitha Anna Koshi$^{b}$}
	\author{Seung-Cheol Lee$^{c}$}

	\author{Satadeep Bhattacharjee$^{b}$}
    \author{Bhaskaran Muralidharan$^{a}$}
	\thanks{corresponding author: bm@ee.iitb.ac.in}
	\affiliation{$^{a}$Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India}
	\affiliation{$^{b}$Indo-Korea Science and Technology Center (IKST), Jakkur, Bengaluru 560065, India}
    \affiliation{$^{c}$Electronic Materials Research Center, KIST, Seoul 136-791, South Korea.}
\date{\today}

\begin{abstract}

\noindent The two-dimensional compound group of MXenes, which exhibit unique optical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties, are an exceptional class of transition metal carbides and nitrides.
In addition to traditional applications in Li-S, Li-ion batteries, conductive electrodes, hydrogen storage, and fuel cells, the low lattice thermal conductivity coupled with high electron mobility in the semiconducting oxygen-functionalized MXene  Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2} has led to the recent interests in high-performance thermoelectric and nanoelectronic devices. Apart from the above dc- transport applications, it is crucial to also understand ac- transport across them, given the growing interest in applications surrounding wireless communications and transparent conductors.
In this work, we investigate using our recently developed $ab~initio$ transport model, the real and imaginary components of electron mobility and conductivity to conclusively depict carrier transport beyond the room temperature for frequency ranges upto the terahertz range. We also contrast the carrier mobility and conductivity with respect to the Drude's model to depict its inaccuracies for a meaningful comparison with experiments. Our calculations show the effect of acoustic deformation potential scattering, piezoelectric
scattering, and polar optical phonon scattering mechanisms. Without relying on experimental data, our model requires inputs calculated from first principles using density functional theory. Our results set the stage for providing ab-initio based ac- transport calculations given the current research on MXenes for high frequency applications.

\end{abstract}

\maketitle
\section{Introduction}

Two-dimensional (2D) materials \cite{mas20112d,novoselov2004electric,geim2009graphene,geim2010rise,neto2009electronic,novoselov2005two,akinwande2017review} have unique optical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties and have received much attention over the last two decades due to their utility in optoelectronics \cite{cheng2019recent}, flexible electronics \cite{kim2015materials}, nanogenerators \cite{wang2006piezoelectric}, nanoelectromechanical systems \cite{lee2018electrically}, sensing \cite{cai2018stretchable} and terahertz (THz) frequency devices \cite{lin2013terahertz}. The 2D compound group of MXenes \cite{barsoum2000mn+,barsoum2011elastic,naguib2011two,naguib2012two,naguib201425th,ghidiu2014synthesis}
are an exceptional class of transition metal carbides and nitrides. In addition to traditional applications in Li-S \cite{liang2015sulfur}, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) \cite{naguib2012mxene, tian2019flexible, xie2014role,tang2012mxenes,liang2015sulfur,er2014ti3c2}, conductive electrodes, \cite{halim2014transparent},
hydrogen storage \cite{hu2013mxene,kumar2021mxenes,lei2015recent,li2018functional,hu2014two}, optics \cite{wang2020mxenes,jiang2020two,fu2021mxenes,xue2017photoluminescent}, and fuel cells \cite{xie2013extraordinarily}, the narrow bandgap, improved thermodynamic stability, high Seebeck coefficient, high figure of merit, and the low lattice thermal conductivity coupled with high electron mobility in semiconducting and oxygen-functionalized 2D MXene  Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2} has led to the recent interests in high-performance thermoelectric (TE) \cite{gandi2016thermoelectric,zha2016thermal,sarikurt2018influence} and nanoelectronic devices \cite{kim2019mxetronics,sarycheva20182d}. In the past few years, different modules \cite{madsen2006boltztrap, ponce2016epw, faghaninia2015ab, ganose2021efficient} have been developed to predict dc transport properties of such materials with inputs calculated from the first-principles methods. \\
\indent The importance of high-frequency analysis is growing due to the applicability of MXenes in developing thin and flexible antennas and for wearable and transparent electronic devices \cite{sindhu2022mxene,lee2021polymer,ma2021flexible,zhang2019graphene,kim2019mxetronics}.
There are several aspects that function as restrictions, which makes it more challenging to fabricate such an antenna for wireless communication. The skin depth is one of them, which is frequency dependent.
Apart from this, impedance matching is necessary, which further helps in determining the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Typically, MXenes can match impedance at extremely small antenna thicknesses \cite{sarycheva20182d,pozar2009microwave}. Furthermore, the gain value depends on the thickness, and the gain values of all the MXene antennas decreases with decreasing thickness, which further emphasizes on accurate computation of frequency-dependent transport parameters. With the thickness and electrical conductivity, contributing majorly towards absorption, it is also possible to estimate the absorption loss for non-magnetic and conducting shielding materials \cite{iqbal20202d}.\\
\indent Given the myriad possibilities for high frequency operation of MXenes, and the paucity in the development of theoretical models, we advance an extended version of our previously developed module AMMCR \cite{mandia2021ammcr} to obtain the highly accurate frequency-dependent electrical conductivity and other high frequency transport characteristics, which paves the way for the manufacturing of a variety of flexible, wearable, and nanoelectronic devices.
\indent Our model is based on the Rode's iterative method \cite{rode1970electron,rode1973theory,rode1975low} evolved from the conventional semi-classical Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) \cite{lundstrom2002fundamentals}. We have included various scattering mechanisms explicitly. The variations in the characteristics across a wide range of temperatures, carrier concentrations, and frequencies are admirably captured by our model. Since our model does not rely on experimental data, it can predict the transport parameters of any new emerging semiconducting material that is currently being developed and for which the experimental data is unavailable. The potential capabilities of our model \cite{mandia2021ammcr,mandia2019ab,mandia2022electrical,kumar2023advancing} include lower computational time, less complexity, more precision \& accuracy, minimal computational expense, independent of experimental data, user-friendly, and faster convergence. \\
\indent First, we will outline the Rode's iterative methodology used in this study to evaluate the electron transport coefficients while taking into consideration the various scattering mechanisms at play in this semiconducting 2D material for high-frequency applications. Then, we will discuss the findings about Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2} MXene's electron mobility and conductivity for ac electric field.
\indent In the upcoming sections, we will outline Rode's iterative methodology developed here to evaluate the electron transport coefficients while taking into consideration the various scattering mechanisms for high-frequency applications. Then, we will discuss the findings about Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2} MXene's electron mobility and conductivity for AC electric fields. All necessary $ab~initio$ inputs required for simulations are calculated from first-principles density functional theory (DFT) using the Vienna ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) module without using any experimental data. Further, we investigate the temperature, carrier concentration and frequency dependence of mobility and conductivity in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}.
\section{Methodology}
\label{sec_methodology}
\subsection{Calculation of the \textit{ab initio} parameters}
We use density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the $\emph{ab~initio}$ parameters, and DFT implemented in the plane wave code Vienna ab-initio Simulation Package (VASP) \cite{kresse1996efficiency, kresse1996efficient} is used to carry out the electronic structure calculations. The projector augmented wave (PAW) \cite{blochl1994projector, kresse1999ultrasoft} method is used to calculate the pseudo-potentials, and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used to treat the exchange-correlation functional, which is parameterized by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) formalism \cite{perdew1996generalized}. The cut-off energy for plane waves is set at $500 \:eV$, and for the structural optimization, the conjugate gradient algorithm is used. The energy and force convergence criteria are $10^{-6} \: eV$ and $-0.01\: eV/$\AA,\:respectively. The parameters needed for simulations are shown in table \ref{table1}. For more details on band structure and parameters needed for simulations, DOS and phonon dispersion, refer to our previous study \cite{mandia2022electrical}.

\begin{table}
	\centering
	\caption{  Material Parameters used for Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}}

	\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
		\hline
		\bf{Parameters}  &   \bf{Values}  \\
		\hline
	PZ constant, $e_{11} $ (C/m)      &   $3 \times 10^{-13}$ \\
	 \hline
    Acoustic deformation potentials, $D_{A} (ev):$       &    \\
	$D_{A,LA} $  & 8.6     \\
    $D_{A,TA} $  & 3.5     \\
    $D_{A,ZA} $  & 0.7     \\
     \hline
    Elastic modulus, $C_{A} (N/m) :$ & 		\\
    $C_{A,LA}  $    & $301.7  $      \\
    $C_{A,TA}  $    & $391.6 $      \\
    $C_{A,ZA}  $    & $59.3 $      \\
     \hline
    Polar optical phonon frequency $\omega_{_{POP}} (THz):$ &  \\
    $\omega_{_{POP,LO}} $  & 3.89     \\
    $\omega_{_{POP,TO}} $  & 3.89     \\
    $\omega_{_{POP,HP}} $  & 8.51     \\
     \hline
    High frequency dielectric constant, $ \kappa_{_{\infty}}$  & 23.57 \\
     \hline
    Low frequency dielectric constant, $ \kappa_{_{0}}$     &    23.6 \\
    \hline
	\end{tabular}

	\label{table1}
   \end{table}

\subsection{Solution of the Boltzmann transport equation}
Our model, which is a more evolved and advanced version of our previously developed tool AMMCR, is used to compute the transport parameters \cite{mandia2021ammcr,mandia2019ab}.
The brief methodology for solving the BTE is presented below. The BTE for the electron distribution function $f$ is given by

\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial f(\textbf{k})}{\partial t} + \textbf{v}\cdot\nabla _rf - \frac{e \textbf{F}}{\hbar} \cdot\nabla _kf= \frac{\partial f}{\partial t}\Bigr|_{\substack{coll}},
\label{BTE}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\textbf{v}$ is the carrier velocity, $e$ is the electronic charge, $\textbf{F}$ is the applied electric field, and $f$ represents the probability distribution function of carrier in the real and the momentum space as a function of time, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial t}\Bigr|_{\substack{coll}}$ denotes the change in the distribution function with time due to the collisions. Under steady-state, $\frac{\partial f(\textbf{k})}{\partial t} = 0$ and spatial homogeneous condition $\nabla_rf=0$, Eq. (\ref{BTE}) can be written as

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\frac{-e {\textbf{F}}}{\hbar}\cdot\nabla _kf = \int \Big[ s(\textbf{k$^\prime$, k})\; f'(1-f)\\
-  s(\textbf{k, k$^\prime$})f(1-f')\Big] d\textbf{k$^\prime$},
\end{split}
\label{BTE1}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $s(\textbf{k}, \textbf{k}^\prime)$ denotes the transition rate of an electron from a state $\textbf{k}$ to a state $\textbf{k}'$. For better understanding of the Rode's algorithm \cite{rode1970electron,Rode_II-IVSC,rode1975low,rode1973theory}, refer to our previous studies \cite{mandia2021ammcr,mandia2019ab}.

\subsection{Complex mobility and conductivity}

For an ac electric field  ${\textbf{F} = F_{0}}$\:$e^{j \omega t}$, the distribution function can be expressed as \cite{ghosal1982high,nag2012electron,nag1975galvanomagnetic}

\begin{equation}
f(\textbf{k}) = f_{0}(k) - {e v F} \Big[\phi_{r} + j \phi_{i}\Big]\:\Big(\frac{\partial f_{0}}{\partial E}\Big) \: cos\: \theta_c\: ,
\label{pert_ac}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\textbf{k}$ is the Bloch vector for energy $E$,  $\theta_c$ is the angle between $\textbf{F}$ and $\textbf{k}$. Here, $k$=$|\textbf {k}|$, $F$=$|\textbf {F}|$, and $\phi_{r}$ and $\phi_{i}$ are functions that can be calculated using the Boltzmann equation. Substituting Eq. (\ref{pert_ac}) in the BTE and equating the coefficient of $\phi_{r}$ and $\phi_{i}$ on two sides, we get

\begin{equation}
L_{c}\phi_{r} = 1 + \phi_{i} \omega
\label{Lc1}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
L_{c}\phi_{i} + \omega \phi_{r} = 0\:,
\label{Lc2}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $L_c$ is the collision operator, and it is given by \cite{nag1975microwave,howarth1953theory}

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
L_{c}\:\phi(E) = S_o(E)\: \phi(E) - S_e(E)\: \phi(E + \hbar\: \omega_{pop})\\
- S_a(E)\: \phi(E - \hbar\: \omega_{pop}) \:,
\end{split}
\label{Lc3}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\hbar\: \omega_{pop}$ is the polar optical phonon (POP) energy. The term $S_o(E)$ is the sum the of out-scattering rates due to the POP scattering interaction and the out-scattering and in-scattering contributions from the elastic scattering processes. Here, $S_e(E)$ and $S_a(E)$ are the in-scattering rates due to the emission and the absorption processes of the POP scattering mechanism.
Separating $\phi_{r}$ and $\phi_{i}$ from (\ref{Lc1}) and (\ref{Lc2}), we get

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\phi_{r}(E) = \frac{S_o(E)}{S_o^{^2}(E) + \omega^2}  \left[ 1 + S_{ar}(E) + S_{er}(E)\right] \\
+ \frac{\omega}{S_o^{^2}(E) + \omega^2} \left[S_{ai}(E) + S_{ei}(E)\right]
\end{split}
\label{fi_real}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\phi_{i}(E) = \frac{-\omega}{S_o^{^2}(E) + \omega^2}  \left[ 1 + S_{ar}(E) + S_{er}(E)\right] \\
+ \frac{S_o(E)}{S_o^2(E) + \omega^2} \left[S_{ai}(E) + S_{ei}(E)\right] \:,
\end{split}
\label{fi_img}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $S_{ar}(E) = S_{a}(E) \ \phi_r(E - \hbar\: \omega_{pop})$, $S_{er}(E) = S_{e}(E) \ \phi_r(E + \hbar\: \omega_{pop})$, $S_{ai}(E) = S_{a}(E) \ \phi_i(E - \hbar\: \omega_{pop})$ and $S_{ei}(E) = S_{e}(E) \ \phi_i(E + \hbar\: \omega_{pop})$. Equations (\ref{fi_real}) and (\ref{fi_img}) are to be solved by the Rode's iterative method \cite{rode1973theory, rode1975low}.\\
After determining $\phi_{r}$ and $\phi_{i}$, the real and imaginary components of complex conductivity are determined using the following expressions \cite{nag1975galvanomagnetic,nag1975microwave}

\begin{equation}
\sigma_{r} =   \frac{e^2 \int v^2(E) D_s(E) \phi_{r}(E) (\frac{\partial f_{0}}{\partial E}) dE}{2F}
\label{sigma_real}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\sigma_{i} =   \frac{e^2 \int v^2(E) D_s(E) \phi_{i}(E) (\frac{\partial f_{0}}{\partial E}) dE}{2 F} \:,
\label{sigma_img}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $D_s(E)$ is the density of states (DOS).
The complex mobility can be expressed as $\mu_{r}-j\mu_{i}$. The real and imaginary components of mobility are then calculated by using the following equation

\begin{equation}
\mu_r= \frac{\sigma_r}{N_{_D} e}\times t_{_Z}
\label{mu_r}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\mu_i= \frac{\sigma_i}{N_{_D} e}\times t_{_Z}\:,
\label{mu_i}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $N_{_D}$ is the electron doping concentration and $t_{_z}$ denotes the thickness of the material along the z-direction, which is taken to be 4.45 \AA \: in our calculations.

\subsection{Scattering Mechanisms}
\subsubsection*{\bf\emph{1. \hspace{0.2cm}{Acoustic deformation potential scattering}}}
The scattering rate of the acoustic deformation potential (ADP) scattering is defined as \cite{zha2016thermal,hwang2008acoustic,lin2014terahertz}
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\tau_{_{ADP}}^\kappa(E)} = \frac{D_{\kappa A}^2 k_{B} T k}{\hbar^2 C_{A}^\kappa v} \:,
\label{acoustic_rate}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $k$ is the wave vector, $ C_{A} $ is the elastic modulus, $T$ is the temperature, $ \hbar $ is the reduced Planck's constant, $D_{\kappa A}$ is acoustic deformation potential and $ k_{B} $ denotes the Boltzmann constant. The term $v$ is the group velocity of the electrons, and $\kappa \in LA, TA, ZA$. The energy dependence is introduced here, via the wave vector $k$. We fit the lowest conduction band analytically with a six-degree polynomial to obtain a smooth curve for the group velocity. This allows us to obtain a one-to-one mapping between the wave vector $k$ and the band energies.

\subsubsection*{\bf\emph{2. \hspace{0.2cm}{Piezoelectric scattering}}}
The scattering rates due to piezoelectric (PZ) scattering can be expressed as \cite{kaasbjerg2013acoustic}

\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\tau_{_{PZ}}(E)} = \frac{1}{\tau_{_{ADP}}(E)} \times \frac{1}{2}\times \left( \frac{e_{11} e}{\epsilon_0 D_{A}}\right) ^2 \:,
\label{Piezo_rate}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\epsilon_0$ is vacuum permeability, and $e_{11}$ is a piezoelectric constant (unit of C/m).

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig1.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Scattering rates vs. carrier energy at various temperatures with a doping concentration of $1\times 10^{12}\: cm^{-2}$.}
	\label{Scattering rates}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig2.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Contribution to the mobility by different scattering mechanisms vs. doping concentration at room temperature with zero Hz frequency.}
	\label{Mobility contribution}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection*{\bf\emph{3. \hspace{0.2cm}{Polar optical phonon scattering}}}
The inelastic scattering in the system is caused by POP scattering mechanism. The POP scattering contribution to the out-scattering is given by \cite{nag2012electron,kawamura1992phonon}

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
S_{o}^{in}(k) = \frac{C_{_{POP}}}{(1- f_{0}(E))} [P+Q]\:,
\end{split}
\label{out_sc_pop}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
P=N_V (1 - f_{0}(E + \hbar \omega_{_{POP}}) I^+(E) \frac{k^+}{v(E + \hbar \omega_{_{POP}})}
\label{P}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
Q=(N_V+1) (1 - f_{0}(E - \hbar \omega_{_{POP}}) \\
\times ~ I^-(E) \frac{k^-}{v(E - \hbar \omega_{_{POP}})}
\end{split}
\label{Q}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
I^{+}(E) = \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{q_{a}} d\theta
\label{I_plus}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
I^{-}(E) = \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{q_{e}} d\theta
\label{I_minus}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
q_{a} = \left( k^2 + \left( k^{+}\right)^2 - 2k k^{+} cos\:\theta \right)
\label{q_a}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
q_{e} = \left( k^2 + \left( k^{-}\right)^2 - 2k k^{-} cos\:\theta \right)\:,
\label{q_e}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $k^+$ denotes the wave vector at energy $E+ \hbar\: \omega$ and  $k^-$ represents the wave vector at energy $E- \hbar\: \omega$. The angle between the initial wave vector $\textbf{k}$ and the final wave vector $\textbf{k}^{'}$ is defined as $\theta $.

\begin{equation}
C_{_{POP}} = \frac{e^2 \omega_{_{POP}}}{8 \pi \hbar \epsilon_0} \times \left( \frac{1}{\kappa_{_{\infty}}} - \frac{1}{\kappa_{_0}} \right) \:,
\label{POP_const}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\kappa_{_{\infty}}$ and $\kappa_{_{0}}$ are the high and low-frequency dielectric constants, respectively.

The sum of in-scattering rates due to the POP absorption and the emission can be used to represent the in-scattering contribution due to the POP, an inelastic and anisotropic scattering mechanism.

\begin{equation}
S_i^{in}(k) = S_a^{in}(k) + S_e^{in}(k)\:,
\label{in_sc_pop}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $S_a^{in}(k)$ denotes the in-scattering of electrons from energy $E-\hbar\:\omega_{_{POP}}$ to energy $E$ due to the absorption of polar optical phonons and $S_e^{in}(k)$ denotes the in-scattering of electrons from energy $E+\hbar \omega_{_{POP}}$ to energy $E$ due to the emission of polar optical phonons.

\begin{equation}
S_{a}^{in}(k) = C_{_{POP}} (N_V+1) f_{0}(E)  J^-(E) \times A
\label{ab_in_sc_pop}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
A=\frac{k^-}{v(E- \hbar\: \omega_{_{POP}}) f_{0}(E - \hbar\: \omega_{_{POP}})}
\label{A}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
S_{e}^{in}(k) = C_{_{POP}} (N_V) f_{0}(E)  J^+(E) \times B
\label{em_in_sc_pop}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
B=\frac{k^+}{v(E+ \hbar\: \omega{_{_{POP}}}) f_{0}(E + \hbar\: \omega_{_{_{POP}}})}
\label{B}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
N_V = \frac{1}{exp(\hbar\:\omega_{_{POP}}/k_B T) - 1}
\label{N}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
J^{+}(E) = \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{cos \theta}{q_{_{i,e}}}  d\theta
\label{J_plus}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
J^{-}(E) = \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{cos \theta}{q_{_{i,a}}} d\theta
\label{J_minus}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
q_{_{i,a}} = \Big[ \left( k^{-}\right)^2 + k^2 - 2k k^{-} cos\:\theta \Big]
\label{q_ab}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
q_{_{i,e}} = \Big[ \left( k^{+}\right)^2 + k^2  - 2k k^{+} cos \: \theta \Big]\:.
\label{q_em}
\end{equation}
\indent We replace the term $\frac{\hbar k}{m^*}$ by the group velocity \cite{mandia2021ammcr,mandia2019ab} while deriving the expression for different scattering rates, which we calculate using the DFT band structure \cite{mandia2019ab,mandia2021ammcr}.

\section{Results and Discussion}
\label{sec_result}

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig3.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Variation of the real and the imaginary components of mobility as a function of frequency for various temperatures with a doping concentration of $1\times 10^{12}~ cm^{-2}$.}
	\label{Mob at various temp}
\end{figure}
In Fig. \ref{Scattering rates}, we show the total scattering rates, which is the sum of three scattering mechanisms we have considered in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}. These three scattering mechanisms are the POP scattering, the PZ scattering, and the ADP scattering mechanisms. Scattering rates increase as we increase the temperature and hence the mobility decreases with an increase in the temperature.\\
\indent In Fig. \ref{Mobility contribution} we show the contribution to the mobility due to the ADP, the POP, and the PZ scattering mechanisms.
Here, in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}, the ADP scattering makes the most significant contribution followed by the PZ scattering mechanism and the POP scattering mechanism has the least effect. Therefore, the mobility and the conductivity in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2} is mainly limited by the ADP scattering and hence acoustic phonons are the primary limiters of the conductivity and the mobility. Refer to our previous study \cite{mandia2022electrical} where we have computed the scattering rates due to the individual acoustic phonons for better understanding the nature of acoustic phonons that limit the conductivity in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}.\\
\indent In our previous study, we demonstrated that the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons play an important role in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}. Therefore, the ADP and the PZ scattering are the two primary carrier scattering processes involved in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2}. As expected, the mobility decrease with increasing electron concentration. The mobility values are not significantly different for low electron concentrations, i.e., within the range [$1\times 10^{11}~cm^{-2} - 1\times 10^{13}~cm^{-2}$]. However, there is a sharp reduction in the mobility, as shown in Fig. \ref{Mobility contribution}, at electron concentrations greater than $1\times 10^{13}~cm^{-2}$. Consider Matthiessen's rule (\ref{matthiessen's rule}) to understand the mobility trend in relation to temperature and the carrier concentration, which can be expressed as
\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig4.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Variation of the real and the imaginary components of conductivity as a function of frequency for various temperatures with a doping concentration of $1\times 10^{12}~ cm^{-2}$.}
	\label{conductivity at various temp}
\end{figure}

\begin{equation}
	\frac{1}{\mu}=\frac{1}{\mu_{_{ADP}}}+ \frac{1}{\mu_{_{PZ}}}+\frac{1}{\mu_{_{POP}}}\:,
	\label{matthiessen's rule}
\end{equation}
\noindent where $\mu$ stands for total mobility.
Equation (\ref{matthiessen's rule}) states that the circumstance where the component with the lowest value is the most significant derives from the reciprocal relationship between the overall mobility and individual components. In Fig. \ref{Mobility contribution}, we show that the acoustic mode has the dominant contribution at all doping concentrations however, as demonstrated in Fig. \ref{Mobility contribution}, the PZ scattering mechanism significantly contributes across the entire doping range.
\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig5.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Comparison of mobility (i.e., the real and the imaginary components) with the Rode's and the Drude's method at 300 K for doping concentration of $1\times 10^{12}~cm^{-2}$.}
	\label{Mobility comparison}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig6.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Comparison of conductivity (i.e., the real and the imaginary components) with the Rode's and the Drude's method at 300 K for doping concentration of $1\times 10^{12}~cm^{-2}$.}
	\label{Conductivity comparison}
\end{figure}
In Fig. \ref{Mob at various temp}, we show that as the temperature rises from 100 K to 700 K, both $\mu_r$ and $\mu_i$ for $N_D=1\times 10^{12}~cm^{-2}$ decreases and these findings are explained by the fact that the scattering rate increases with increasing temperature. Figure \ref{Mob at various temp} depicts the crossover between $\mu_r$ and $\mu_i$ at a specific frequency for each temperature, with the crossover shifting towards a higher frequency as the temperature increases. It is worth pointing that high-frequency effects are stronger at temperatures below the room temperature. Figure \ref{conductivity at various temp} shows the decrease in the conductivity caused by a reduction in mobility with an increase in temperature.
In Fig. \ref{Mobility comparison}, we compare the mobility calculated using the Rode's iterative method to the mobility calculated using the Drude's theory. The Drude's mobility can be expressed as \cite{chattopadhyay1980temperature}

\begin{equation}
\mu_r=\frac{(e\tau/m^*)}{(1+\omega^2 \tau^2)}
\label{Drude_real_mob}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\mu_i=\frac{(e \omega \tau^2/m^*)}{(1+\omega^2 \tau^2)}
\label{Drude_imag_mob}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig7.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Variation of the real and the imaginary components of the room temperature mobility as a function of frequency for various doping concentrations.}
	\label{Mob vs doping}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig8.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Variation of the real and the imaginary components of conductivity as a function of frequency for various doping concentrations at room temperature.}
	\label{Conductivity vs doping}
\end{figure}

Using the DFT, we calculate $m^*/m_0$, which is 0.4010, where $m_0$ is the rest mass of an electron. In order to determine the mobility using the Drude's approach, we first determine $\tau$ value at $\omega=0$ using $\mu_{r}$ as $1.496985 \times 10^{2}$ $cm^{2}/V-sec$, calculated at T =300 K and doping value of $1\times10^{12}~cm^{-2}$. The calculated $\tau$ value is $3.4134\times 10^{-14}$ seconds. By adjusting the value of $\omega$ while keeping $\tau$ fixed at $3.4134\times 10^{-14}$ seconds, we calculate the real and the imaginary components of mobility.

\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig9.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Mobility vs. temperature and carrier concentration at 100 GHz frequency.}
	\label{Mobility at 1e11 Hz}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{Mobility comparison} shows that the Drude's values are close to exact values and that mobility can be estimated using the Drude's model unless high accuracy is required. But at higher frequencies, there is a significant deviation in the real component of mobility, and the Rode's method provides more accurate results.
We also show the comparison of conductivity in Ti\textsubscript{2}CO\textsubscript{2} calculated using the Rode's and the Drude's approach in a manner similar to that of the mobility. The calculation of Drude's conductivity is straight forward using Eqs. (\ref{mu_r}) \& (\ref{mu_i}). As shown in Fig. \ref{Conductivity comparison}, Drude's values for the real conductivity are relatively close to the exact values for the conductivity and hence the Drude's method can be used to predict the mobility unless a high degree of accuracy is not required. At higher frequencies, a considerable variation has been seen, as a result the Rode's approach is more faithful at higher frequencies.\\
\indent In the Drude's model, the effect of all scattering mechanisms is merged together in a single constant relaxation time. This simplification makes all the calculations easy however, this method has some disadvantages (i) $\tau$ is obtained by fitting the experimental results to the mobility, which limits the predictability of this model. (ii) Due to over simplification of scattering mechanisms, it may lead to inaccurate results. (iii) It does not provide any insight into which scattering mechanisms are playing the major role. Instead, we have calculated all required inputs from the DFT without relying on any experimental data, included all scattering mechanisms explicitly and provided an insight regarding which scattering mechanisms are physically relevant to the considered semiconductor. Hence, our approach can be used to predict the mobility and the conductivity of even new emerging materials accurately. This paves the way for researchers in designing semiconductors with highly accurate transport properties based on theoretical predictions. \\
\begin{figure}[!t]
	\centering
	{\includegraphics[height=0.35\textwidth,width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig10.png}}
	\quad
	\caption{Mobility vs. temperature and carrier concentration at 1 THz frequency.}
	\label{Mobility at 1e12 Hz}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{Mob vs doping} shows that  $\mu_r$ remains constant at room temperature up to a frequency of around 500 GHz. Beyond this frequency, $\mu_r$ falls while $\mu_i$ rises to a maximum and then falls. The simple Drude's expressions easily predict this type of behavior. Figure \ref{Mob vs doping} also shows that the mobility decreases as doping concentration increases. Figure \ref{Conductivity vs doping} depicts the increase in the conductivity caused by an increase in carrier concentration. For low values of frequency, $\sigma_r$ and $\sigma_i$ are nearly constant whereas at higher frequencies, above $10^{12}$ Hz, $\sigma_r$ decreases significantly while $\sigma_i$ increases. Figures \ref{Mobility at 1e11 Hz} and \ref{Mobility at 1e12 Hz} depict the mobility vs. temperature and carrier concentration at frequencies of $100$ GHz and $1$ THz, respectively. It is clear from both the figures that the mobility decreases as the frequency value increases and
mobility increases as the carrier concentration and temperature decrease.
\section{Conclusion}
\label{conclu}
In this work, we investigated using our recently developed $ab~initio$ transport model, the real and imaginary components of electron mobility and conductivity to conclusively depict carrier transport beyond the room temperature for frequency ranges upto the terahertz range. We also contrasted the carrier mobility and conductivity with respect to the Drude model to depict its inaccuracies for a meaningful comparison with experiments. Our calculations showed the effect of acoustic deformation potential scattering, piezoelectric
scattering, and polar optical phonon scattering mechanisms. Without relying on experimental data, our model requires inputs calculated from first principles using density functional theory. Our results set the stage for providing ab-initio based ac- transport calculations given the current research on MXenes for high frequency applications.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding from Indo-Korea Science and Technology Center (IKST), Bangalore. The author BM wishes to acknowledge the financial support from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India, under the MATRICS grant.
\section*{Code Availability}
The code used in this work is made available at \href{https://github.com/anup12352/AMMCR}{\textcolor{blue}{https://github.com/anup12352/AMMCR}}.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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In Columbia's public meetings, people on opposing sides of a debate often quote its founder, as though Rouse's words should be the final word on any given argument.
His statue stands near the heart of downtown, and the first thing visitors see at the town's governing headquarters is a portrait of him, benevolent face smiling and with a hat in hand.
"He was a visionary, and once people in this town saw that vision, they embraced it," said Barbara Kellner, manager of the Columbia Archives.
Many of those who turned out last night were Rouse fans who moved to Columbia because of Rouse's vision.
Still, the group applauded politely after Bloom's speech, which blamed Rouse for the lack of progress in America's urban planning and public policy.
Olsen's presentation, however, focused on Rouse's upbringing in Easton, a small, close-knit town.
"He spent much of his career attempting to re-create that atmosphere for others," Olsen said.
In his book, Olsen argues that the failures in Rouse's ideas arose when others copied them imperfectly.
He created some of the nation's first malls, hoping they would provide a center for communities. But later developers focused only on the profit side of Rouse's business model.
His efforts for urban renewal were copied, but either failed or succeeded only in driving the original tenants out of improved areas.
"The copies are imperfect," Olsen wrote. "What remains important is what Rouse wanted for the originals."
Olsen and Bloom spent months in the Columbia archives studying Rouse's original blueprints. That their conclusions differ so widely is not surprising, said Kellner, who helped them both.
The emerging field of Rouse scholarship is vast, she said.
"There are so many more books to be written," said Kellner.
At the discussion yesterday, that was one thing both authors agreed upon.
"I don't believe mine will the last critical work on him," Bloom said. "But I think Rouse would have liked a debate like this. He was a man of ideas."


Homefront weekly helps your family intentionally spend time in the Word before you come to church on Sunday. It enables parents to be the first one to tell their child about the Bible story he or she will hear at church. This means you are spiritually leading your child and the church is coming alongside you in support. You can access them here or grab a copy at the Kids Check In Station in the foyer.


text:
Fuddling cup
Delftware
British Galleries
British Galleries, Room 57
Ceramics Collection
Southwark (probably, made)
1630-1640 (made)
Tin-glazed earthenware, painted
British Galleries, Room 57, case 1
This was one of the more common 'joke' drinking pots of the 17th and 18th centuries. It was known as a 'fuddling cup', meaning that it would confuse or stupefy the user, even though the three interlinked cups would hardly contain enough ale to induce drunkenness.
Design & Designing
Deltfware is a tin-glazed earthenware. Since the soft earthenware has to be quite thick, and the glaze has to be applied liberally, this small object has a rather coarse appearance. The painted symbols, freely borrowed from Chinese porcelain, are at odds with its lumpish form.
Ownership & Use
Trick beer vessels are usually associated with taverns. However, the fact that this piece has survived in remarkable condition suggests that it was either very seldom used, or else kept at home as a display object.
Fuddling cup, tin-glazed earthenware, with a buff body colour with a white glaze. The foot-rim was wiped clean of glaze. Each container is painted with a single motif probably identifiable as the 'Pair of Books' (one of the 'Eight Precious Things') in blue. All three containers are joined internally with interconnecting holes and are concave on the underside. (Alphabetic shape codes as used in appendix to Archer. Delftware. 1997)
Oriental emblems copied from Chinese Export porcelain
Height: 9.8 cm, Width: 13.1 cm
Purchased, 1861.
Historical context note
The term fuddling cup is used of a number of small cups or miniature vase-like containers which are joined to each other and have internal apertures and intertwined handles. Delftware examples have three or four containers between which liquid can flow freely.
Archer, Michael. Delftware: the tin-glazed earthenware of the British Isles. A catalogue of the collection in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: HMSO, in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1997. p. 256. ISBN 0 11 290499 8
Fuddling cup, tin-glazed earthenware, decorated with an oriental emblem, London (probably Southwark), ca. 1630-1640.
Bibliographic References (Citation, Note/Abstract, NAL no)
Archer, Michael. Delftware: the tin-glazed earthenware of the British Isles. A catalogue of the collection in the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: HMSO, in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum, 1997. ISBN 0 11 290499 8
Subjects depicted
Delftware; Ceramics; Earthenware; Containers; Drinking; British Galleries