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Long-read
The use and abuse of science
A sociologist of science, and one-time relativist, on the proper role of experts.
Harry Collins
Topics Books Long-reads
Harry Collins is a sociologist (a distinguished research professor at the University of Cardiff, as it happens). More precisely, he is a sociologist of science. And in this role, he has spent several decades observing physicists who study gravitational wave detection in an effort to understand how science, as a practical enterprise, works; how knowledge is generated and validated as such; and how truth is as much a social achievement as it is a purely scientific one.
The brickbats have never been far away. He has been charged with relativism, accused of postmodernism, and even implicated in the so-called Science Wars of the 1990s, which culminated in the Sokal Hoax of 1996, when Alan Sokal, a staunch scientific realist, successfully duped the lit-crit journal, Social Text, into publishing a paper of meaningless jargon and anti-science posturing.
But as his new book Why Democracies Need Science shows, Collins is no longer seeking to unmask science as just one perspective among others, but to consolidate its authority. The spiked review decided to speak to Collins about rescuing the status of expertise, and why, where and when, he thinks some people really do know best.
spiked review: In Re-thinking Expertise (2007), you talk of a change in social scientists' attitude towards science in the 1960s, from an imperative to explain why science worked to a questioning of the very truth and validity of scientific knowledge itself. Could you say a bit more about that moment?
Harry Collins: You could say that the movement you're talking about started in the 1960s, with an iconic book – Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. At the time, people complained Structure was turning science into mob psychology. But a lot of what was in Structure had actually been anticipated in the work of a Polish-Jewish microbiologist called Ludwig Fleck in the 1930s. Nobody knew about Fleck's work for quite a while, although Kuhn did. There were also similar ideas about the nature of scientific knowledge circulating among the positivists at around the same time.
But I would say that the really vigorous movement challenging the then high status of scientific knowledge actually started a little later with the advent of the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK). 'Wittgenstein, Mannheim and mathematics', the first paper in this discipline, was written by David Bloor and published in 1973, but the first empirical work was probably carried out by me, which consisted of papers written in 1974-75. The first of these was about the tacit knowledge of scientists, and the second showed that scientific replication was not a straightforward business, because scientists could never be sure an experiment that they claimed failed to replicate another result had been done properly. And the same went for an experiment that claimed to replicate an earlier result. You could never know which were the competently performed experiments, because experiments are very difficult, and mostly they don't work, so you have to keep on trying and trying to get them to work, and you never know whether you've tried hard enough.
So that meant that the very straightforward scientific claim that a result had been tested and confirmed (or refuted) was problematised. If you asked a scientist how he or she knows his results are correct, he or she would say that he or she could replicate his or her results, and we can't replicate incorrect ones. But it becomes much more complicated than that, and the argument about whether a result has been replicated turns into an argument about who are the competent scientists and who aren't. So the idea of competence makes the question of scientific knowledge far more sociological than purely scientific. And having set that argument out in a 1975 paper, I developed it in a 1985 book, Changing Order: Replication and Induction in Scientific Practice.
review: How would you characterise your sociological objective during that period? Were you trying to demystify scientific practice?
Collins: Yes, at that point, that's exactly what we were doing. If you go back to that immediate postwar period, in the 1950s, science was riding high, having invented radar, the atomic bomb and so on. We had reached the point where scientists had been given too much authority, particularly in relation to issues or areas in which they had no real expertise. So a typical Horizon programme of the 1960s would feature someone in a white coat talking about something or other simply because they were a scientist. And we certainly wanted to demystify all of that. As I often put it, what we succeeded in doing was levelling the cultural playing field. At that point science stood way above other knowledge-generating enterprises, and we helped level it down. The trouble is that it has been levelled too far, and one has to find ways to give science some pre-eminence again.
review: In your attempts to level the playing field, and demystify science, did you relativise truth? Did you make it contingent upon its conditions of production?
Collins: From about 1975 until about 1981, I was a fairly radical philosophical relativist. But it then dawned on me that that position couldn't really be proved by empirical work. So from the early 1980s onwards, I became a methodological relativist. And all that means is that if you look closely at scientific work, you cannot see where nature gets in in the short term. But we cannot know whether or not there is some sort of hidden-hand mechanism, which means that nature has its effect in the long-term. Nevertheless, if you wanted a good sociological analysis of why scientists come to believe one thing rather than another, you have to work on the assumption that it's not simply because one thing is true and the other false. That just makes the analysis banal. There are other sociological factors at work.
review: Going back to Kuhn's work briefly, it may not have been as original as perhaps it first appeared, but it was certainly influential among philosophers, social scientists and even the public. And it did look as if he was advocating a relativist argument, that science is a story not of progress exactly, but of revolution and rupture, a story of a succession of new, incommensurable paradigms of knowledge (ie, from the Ptolemaic to the Copernican). And that, as a result, there was no way of comparing these paradigms, because they don't construct completely different objects of knowledge. Where do you stand on the relativist implications of what is Kuhn's founding text?
Collins: With any theory of this kind, you can take it in different directions. So if you want a radical interpretation, the way you've characterised it is correct. But Kuhn didn't want a radical interpretation of his work. And more recently, from the early 2000s onwards, my colleagues and I have been arguing that the radical interpretation is philosophical, but it doesn't have the practical implications that people tend to think it has. Because we don't want to live in a society – a post-truth society – where anybody's view on specialist matters is taken to be as good as anybody else's. Such a society would be a dystopia. Vaccinations would no longer be deemed necessary; proven medical treatments would be abandoned; energy networks would become unreliable.
If I go to give a lecture somewhere, I always say that you can't believe that everything is relative as that, that one person's opinion is as correct as another's. Because if you did believe that, instead of paying a lot of money to fly me to Germany or to the US to give a talk, you'd just ask the first person walking past the lecture theatre to come in and give the talk, and it would be just as good as mine. So, in actual fact, our society runs on the idea that some people know more about some things than others, and that's a society we want to live in. We don't want to live in a society where anybody's view is as valuable as anybody else's. So you have to start thinking about how you can reconcile the sort of society you want to live in with philosophical analyses such as those of Kuhn, or sociological analyses like mine.
And the way of reconciling it is to stop thinking so much about the truth of the matter, and start thinking about who has the expertise. Now you never know how the truth of the matter is going to turn out. That's a very long-term business. But you can say straight away who's got the most expertise, who knows what they're talking about. And you can say that the best technical decisions you can make are going to depend on giving the views of people who know what they're talking about more weight than the views of those who don't know what they're talking about. Now this can't guarantee the right decision, but it can guarantee giving you the best decision in a moral sense.
So, obviously, if you want to know whether a vaccination is good or bad, you ask someone who's studied it; you don't ask your mum or the first person you meet in the supermarket. We don't want to live in a society in which alternative facts are given the same epistemic status as those generated by those who've looked hard at what's going on.
review: On the one hand, there is case to be made for expertise – that within their fields, be it physics, biology and so on, experts should be accorded authority. But on the other hand, politicians and policymakers have tended to use expertise, beyond its field of application, to justify certain policy decisions. Policymakers have almost leeched off the authority of science to lend their own decisions a certain authority. So is there a problem with the political use of science?
Collins: Yes, there is a problem. But first you have to ask two separate questions. The first is whether you can ever justify expertise used with integrity, and we're arguing, yes, you can. And the second is to ask whether expertise is being used with integrity. And we see a lot of the time that it's not used with integrity. And we don't think scientific expertise used without integrity is a good thing.
Now, in Why Democracies Need Science, we have a suggested solution to this problem, which is the setting up of a new kind of committee. It's a committee that more or less fills the current role of the government's chief scientific adviser, or something of that sort. But this new committee would be made up of natural scientists and social scientists. And these would be natural and social scientists of a special kind. We call them the 'owls', because owls are birds that can turn their heads round 180 degrees. In other words, there would be natural scientists who have some comprehension of the social aspect of science. And there would be social scientists who know to an extent how science works. And what this committee presents on any given scientific controversy to the policymakers is, firstly, today's scientific consensus, and secondly, the grade (A to E) of that consensus. So if the consensus is in physics, the committee would say this is the consensus of the mainstream scientists, taking out fringe scientists and so on, and it's a grade A consensus. Whereas if it was economics, you would say that this is the consensus, and while there might be a pretty strong consensus among economists – think of the monetarists of the Thatcher and Reagan era – we'd say it's only a grade E consensus. That is, you can't rely on it.
The rule would be that policy, in the last resort, should be a matter of politics, and the policymakers should therefore be able to make any policies they like, but they can't distort the nature of the scientific consensus to support those policies.
To give you an example from a few years ago, in South Africa, then president Thabo Mbeki decided not to distribute antiretroviral drugs to pregnant mothers. And he justified it on the grounds that they might be dangerous, telling his upper house to look on the internet for this great controversy about the safety and efficacy of antiretroviral drugs. And if you looked online, you would indeed find that there was a controversy about the safety and efficacy of antiretroviral drugs. However, if you went to the scientific community, its members would say, yes, there's a debate on the internet, but within the scientific community there's no debate at all. All those arguing against antiretroviral drugs are past their sell-by-date. So the scientific consensus is that there's no problem with antiretroviral drugs.
Now, what Mbeki had done was to disempower the electorate, because he told them that there is a scientific problem with antiretroviral drugs when there wasn't. He would have been perfectly entitled to say there isn't a problem with antiretroviral drugs, but we're not going to distribute them in South Africa because they're too expensive, we're better of spending our money on other things, and we don't want to give the impression that South Africa is some sort of promiscuous, disease-ridden country. And, if he'd done that, he would have made a political decision and the electorate could have voted him in or out on the basis of that decision. But as it was, they were disempowered. If you had the owls saying what the consensus is, that would stop Mbeki doing things like that.
And the other side of the coin, as we saw when Ronald Reagan said that we've got to adopt these financial policies because there's a consensus among economists to suggest this is the best way to go, the owls would have said that, yeah, but that consensus isn't worth anything. You've got to 'fess up and say, this is a political decision, not a scientific one. It would have stopped various politicians defending their policies on the basis that it was inevitable within the economic consensus. So that's what we think the owls would do, and we hope it would stop expertise from being misused in the way, as you say, it often is.
review: But are you still not demanding too much of expertise, of the facts? Experts can say how things are, they can certainly say, for example, that vaccines do or don't work. But, as you say, politics is the last resort here, and politics is not about how things are so much as how they ought to be, about how we ought to live. And science, experts or no experts, can't tell us that.
Collins: No, science can't answer that question. But the point is that when the public are being presented with a political choice, they should know what the scientific consensus is, or how the scientific consensus should affect that choice. It could still be overruled – if it couldn't be overruled, you'd have a technocracy, a world in which policy is made by experts. And we don't want that. We want policies made by politicians and by people. But politicians must not be allowed to distort or misrepresent the scientific consensus when they're making their political decisions.
review: Let's take the most obvious and controversial use of science and expertise to authorise policies, namely climate science. We've been told that there is a consensus. But to what extent do you think it has been used to justify policies or a policymaking trajectory that is not supported by the science?
Collins: Okay, yes, let's look at the climate science debate. First of all, there is the question of whether global warming is caused by human activity – in other words, anthropogenic climate change. And it seems to me that there is now a pretty strong consensus that global warming is caused by human activity.
And then there's the second question: what do we do about it? Things are much less clear here. Should we go for the immediate cessation of CO2 production and global-warming gas emissions, or should we go for long-term amelioration. Or should we, in fact, do nothing. And it's a very difficult question. But that's where the political debate should be. The political debate shouldn't be about whether there is anthropogenic global warming; it should be about what we do, or don't do, about it. The political debate shouldn't be distorting the scientific findings.
The worrying thing is the post-truth approach to these matters, which involves making up anything you like, and surely that's what we don't want.
review: Are there not good reasons for distrusting the use of experts and science, even when their expertise is being used with integrity? Few economists seemed to anticipate the financial crisis in 2008 for instance.
Collins: Yes, that's true. Mainstream economics is in a mess. It's not the greatest of sciences, and there are extraneous reasons for this. In the UK, for instance, the quasi-marketisation of the universities means that departments are supposed to be judged on various measures, including the research assessment exercise, the research excellence framework and the number of papers published in the top journals and so on. Which is not necessarily a bad thing, but it can be misused, and I think that has happened in economics, because the gold standard for economics is to get published in one or two top journals, and those journals demand mathematical brilliance, rather than an accurate discussion of where the economy is taking us.
The internal criteria for judging excellence in economics, therefore, have very little to do with accurately describing the world. So there are massive problems with economics, and people are right to be suspicious of economists, but that doesn't mean we should throw economics out altogether. We shouldn't be rejecting experts; we should demanding they raise their game.
review: The case of economics is indicative of a broader issue in that a consensus on the facts of the matter might not be produced simply by a rational agreement among a group of expert practitioners. There are other extraneous factors involved: funding imperatives, the admissions criteria for academic journals and so on. So to what extent is the generation of a scientific consensus informed by extra-scientific factors?
Collins: Well that's exactly why this committee, which we call the owls, will include social scientists to investigate and talk about those kinds of things. So it's well established now in science studies that scientific knowledge coming from low-status sources is undervalued by scientists. There have been a lot of very good studies of this that show, for instance, that people who actually work with organophosphates, spraying them on crops, have long been saying that we can't spray them under the safe circumstances that scientists describe. Those regulations are always violated. So organophosphates are not safe.
Now these people who are practically involved in the spraying of the organophosphates are experts. They're experts on organophosphates. But they're completely unqualified in terms of scientific, academic qualifications, and therefore their input tends to be undervalued. So you need the social scientists in there, saying, 'No, you've got to value these people's expertise just as much the expertise conferred on those with university educations'.
And vice versa. Let's go back to Mbeki in South Africa, for example. The few people who were saying that the antiretroviral drugs weren't safe had Nobel Prizes and a long list of academic titles. Nevertheless, their views were past their sell-by date. High-status expertise does become obsolete.
So it's up to the social scientists to ensure that the application of scientific expertise, and the generation of scientific knowledge, is as little affected by these extraneous, unwanted social forces as possible.
Harry Collins is a sociologist of science at the School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, and a fellow of the British Academy. He is the author most recently of Why Democracies Need Science, published by Polity Press. (Buy this book from Amazon(UK).)
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Agapi Mou is a four-piece ensemble that plays Greek traditional music, with an emphasis on tradition -- no modern sound effects or drum machines, just violin, clarinet, hand drums, laouto, and voice. The name Agapi Mou means "my love" in Greek and describes the group's feeling for the music they play. Formed in 2009, the group performs in the San Francisco Bay Area at festivals, restaurants, dance venues, concert halls, and private parties.


No other murder in history has produced as much speculation as the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Forty years after he was fatally shot, more than 70 percent of polled Americans believe there was a conspiracy and that Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone. In this 2-hour special, ABC News Anchor Peter Jennings takes a fresh look at the assassination, the evidence, the various and many theories, and an exact computer simulation of the famous Abraham Zapruder film that offers surprising results.
Shame on HC and double shane on Peter Jennings. It will be a re-run of the total trash he did on ABC last year. But I will tune in and see if he has added so much as a speck of TRUTH. As always Dennis, thanks for the tv alert.
The program is worthwhile to watch because of all the rarely seen footage it has.
This is the one with Dale Myers's computer animation of the assassination. Pay close attention to the cartoon JFK's posture in the limo, to make the SBT work. The program should have been called "The Hunchback of Dealey Plaza," or "The Assassination of President Quasimodo."


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You know that feeling of finding cash in your pocket when you least expect it? Amazing, right? Well, you may have some unexpected money waiting for you on Amazon right now. But, you only have until Saturday, June 24 to claim your funds!
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Attention fans of "Star Wars!" You might have a chance to stay at Walt Disney World in a way that immerses you in the galaxy of Luke Skywalker, Darth Vader and R2-D2! It looks like Disney may be considering building a Star Wars hotel at their world-famous Florida resort.
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Minor League Ball Gameday, Wednesday, April 19th, 2017
Cody Reed looks great in the Reds pen but will move to starting soon, plus minor league highlights from yesterday and discussion for today
By John Sickels@MinorLeagueBall Apr 19, 2017, 3:23pm EDT
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Jeff Curry-USA TODAY Sports
Good afternoon everyone and welcome to the Minor League Ball Gameday discussion thread for Wednesday, April 19th, 2017. Onward, excelsior!
****Today's Minor League Scoreboard
****Today's MLB scoreboard
****Beyond the Boxscore's excellent daily MLB summary
****Yesterday's Highlights can be seen in the Tuesday discussion thread.
****At NCAA.com, our own Wayne Cavadi looks at the Strikeout Kings of college baseball.
YESTERDAY'S HIGHLIGHTS
****Cincinnati Reds rookie Cody Reed thew another shutout inning of relief yesterday against the Baltimore Orioles, giving him a 0.00 ERA in eight bullpen innings, giving up four walks, but with zero hits allowed and eight strikeouts. He is scheduled to start Saturday's game against Jake Arrieta and the Chicago Cubs.
****Milwaukee Brewers outfield prospect Lewis Brinson went 4-for-6 for Triple-A Colorado Springs yesterday, driving in five. He is now hitting .357/.379/.679 on the season.
****Los Angeles Dodgers outfield prospect Alex Verdugo went 2-for-3 for Triple-A Oklahoma City against Nashville, giving him a slash line of .390/.409/.585 through 11 games.
****One of my favorite young pitching prospects is Tristan McKenzie in the Cleveland Indians system. He threw five shutout innings for High-A Lynchburg yesterday, fanning eight, and now has a 1.72 ERA over three starts with a sharp 18/4 K/BB. And he's only 19.
****New York Mets prospect Amed Rosario went 2-for-5 for Triple-A Las Vegas yesterday. He's now hitting .362/.392/.362 on the season. . .17-for-47 but with zero extra base hits.
****Kansas City Royals outfielder Jorge Bonifacio went 3-for-6 for Triple-A Omaha. He's now hitting .286/.375/.595 with three homers, six walks, and seven strikeouts in 42 at-bats and looks like he's maintaining the power surge that started last year.
****At Beyond the Boxscore, Steven Martano makes the case for the "120-inning reliever" pointing to Joe Kelly and Ross Striping as possible candidates for the role.
***Everybody is talking about Eric Thames of the Milwaukee Brewers, at least at Fangraphs. Carson Cistulli has some audio commentary. Jeff Sullivan has the "scariest Eric Thames stat." I meant to have my own take on Thames posted today but I am behind schedule and hope to get it up tomorrow. Thanks for your patience.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


1. Sew together a solid pink triangle and a solid black triangle to make a triangle-square (Diagram 1). Press the seam allowance toward the black triangle. Repeat to make a total of 16 triangle-squares.
2. Join two triangle-squares into a pair. Add the pair to one side of a solid pink 4-1⁄2" square (Diagram 2). Then join two triangle-squares and a solid black 2-1⁄2" square to make a unit. Press the seam allowances in one direction. Then add the unit to the adjacent edge of the solid pink square to make a paw unit. Press the seam allowance toward the pink square. The pieced paw unit should measure 6-1⁄2" square, including the seam allowances. Repeat to make a total of four paw units.
3. Lay out the four paw units, the solid pink 2-1⁄2" square, and four solid black 2-1⁄2×6-1⁄2" rectangles in three horizontal rows (Diagram 3). Sew together the units in each row. Press the seam allowances toward the solid black 2-1⁄2×6-1⁄2" rectangles. Then join the rows to make a block (Block Assembly Diagram). Press the seam allowances toward the center row.


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How to Find Out If Your Personal Info Was Stolen in the Hack of Best Buy, Kmart, Sears, and Delta
By	Tabitha Britt	 April 9, 2018
scams,
Have you wandered the aisles of Best Buy or Kmart within the past year? You might want to check your credit card accounts: Thanks to a security issue with customer service software (basically, an online chat tool) used by several big-name companies, thousands of shoppers may have had their names, addresses, and credit information stolen by hackers.
Just one day after Delta Air Lines and Sears confirmed that their customers may have been affected by the recent data breach, Best Buy and Kmart released statements about the technical transgression as well. The firm that provides the online chat tool, [24]7.ai, said that the hack — which happened between September 27 and October 12 of 2017 — "may have compromised certain customer payment information." The scarier part? Customers who didn't even use the online chat tool, but simply made purchases online, may be affected by the breach, as well.
Instead of panicking, visit the websites each company has set up to help consumers who believe they may have been impacted find out what steps they should take next.
Delta Air Lines released an official statement about the breach in March. The company updated its statement on April 7, 2018, reassuring customers that no personal information — such as passport, government ID, security, or SkyMiles information — was impacted. To further help its customers, Delta is offering fliers the opportunity to enroll in a free protection service provided by AllClear ID, a customer security and fraud protection firm.
The services include AllClear Identity Repair and AllClear Fraud Alerts with Credit Monitoring. Both are completely free and are available any time during the next 24 months. To enroll in AllClear Fraud Alerts with Credit Monitoring, visit www.delta.allclearid.com.
Sears and Kmart
Sears Holdings — the owner of both Kmart and Sears — released a statement ensuring customers that the breach was limited to Sears.com and Kmart.com, and only in the timeframe between September 27, 2017 and October 12, 2017. Consumers who used a Sears-branded credit card or who had a saved card to their Sears.com or Kmart.com profile, were not affected.
In hopes of easing everyone's mind, Sears Holdings created a website of FAQs and a toll-free hotline. For more information about the breach, please visit www.searsholdings.com/update or call 888-488-5978.
Best Buy has remained surprisingly calm during this fiasco, stating that only "a small fraction" of its online customer population could have been affected in the incident. Even so, the company has made it clear that its customers' privacy is of the utmost importance. In response to the hack, Best Buy released a website where customers can ask questions or address any concerns.
If you think you've been impacted by the [24]7.ai breach, call your bank to report the fraudulent charges immediately. Remember to check your statements and be on the lookout for strange activity. To be on the safe side, request a brand-new card and destroy the old one.
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Pumpkin Moonshine for Halloween
by Liz on October 11, 2013 · Children's rare books
As the trees gradually don their brilliant hues of blazing reds, oranges and golden yellows, a crisp air blows throughout the terrain, powerfully signifying that autumn has descended upon New England. In the distance, a flock of southbound geese carry out their song to the sky, of departure for warmer climates. In response to this turning tide in seasons, New Englanders everywhere are lighting their wood stoves, sipping hot apple cider, and comfortable leafing through a rare literary favorite or two. Amongst those beloved literary treasures, Tasha Tudor's delightful autumn tale, Pumpkin Moonshine is bound to be nestled, as a flickering vibrant flame from the fire bathes it in warmth and light.
The much beloved author and illustrator, Tasha Tudor was careful to always joyously observe all appropriate festivities pertaining to each approaching holiday, and Halloween was one holiday which was never overlooked. Tudor deemed Halloween so important, in fact, that her very first rare literary treasure was based on a tale of Halloween, Pumpkin Moonshine. Pumpkin Moonshine tells the tale of young Sylvie Ann, and her tremendous discovery of a very large pumpkin while visiting her grandparents' farm. If any of Tudor's works reflect the core of her loving and generous soul, Pumpkin Moonshine certainly does. Tudor had a sincere and honest love for children and childlike innocence, which is depicted through her use of the curious and inquisitive Sylvie Ann, whose wonder and awe at the world closely matches Tudor's own. Tudor's use of exquisite and endearing illustrations brings the wonderful work even more to life, beckoning both the young and old towards its incredible charm and beauty.
Strangely enough, the young author and illustrator was originally met with much resistance and dismissal upon presenting her newly completed book for publication. Publishers everywhere refused to print the lovely story, which would have rendered a very sorrowful loss to the world of rare literary works and those who love them. Finally, though, a newly hired editress at Oxford University Press named Eunice Blake saw the book's enduring value, and with her wonderful tale, Tudor became a published author.
Today, original 1938 calico bound first editions of Pumpkin Moonshine are incredibly scarce and astronomically valuable. In fact, they are being sold for thousands of dollars. Tudor's first work was published as a calico bound book, because she presented her manuscript to potential publishers wrapped in a piece of calico fabric. Tudor loved and took delight in all things nineteenth century, and binding her work in calico only served to powerfully represent who she was as a woman who yearned for the gentle and simple pleasures of a bygone era. Tudor's publishers loved the wholesome calico bound look so much, that Tudor's first five books continued to be published in the same manner. It is interesting and ironic to observe how significantly valuable Tudor's first work has become and how famous and renowned she became, in spite of the fact that so many well-known publishers had originally rejected her very first work.
In keeping with traditional autumn observances, adding Tasha Tudor's captivating tale of autumn nature and childlike wonder truly trumps them all. While leafing through Tudor's world of life and love by the fire, perhaps you will even experience your own personal discovery. Tasha Tudor's enthralling and alluring world is waiting……….
Tagged as: children's rare books, First printing, Tasha Tudor
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Q: how to filter that is immuteable or is it already immuteable? I add a state like this:
      setSelectedColors(prev => [...prev, color]);

but if I remove a state with filter is this already immuteable or had I forgot anything ?
      setSelectedOptions(prev => prev.filter((el => {
        if(el.color === currentColor && el.size === size) {
          return false;
        } else {
          return true;
        }
      })));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What information does "Automotive Custom Engineered Parts" collect?
Automotive Custom Engineered Parts collects information from you when you register on the site, place an order, enter a contest or sweepstakes, respond to a survey or communication such as e-mail, or participate in another site feature. When ordering or registering, ACEP may ask you for your name, e-mail address, mailing address, phone number, credit card information or other information. You may, however, visit acepstyling.com anonymously. We also collect information about gift recipients so that we can fulfill the gift purchase. The information we collect about gift recipients is not used for marketing purposes. Like many websites, we use "cookies" to enhance your experience and gather information about visitors and visits to our websites.
How does Automotive Custom Engineered Parts use your information?
Automotive Custom Engineered Parts may use the information collected from you when you register, purchase products, enter a contest or promotion, respond to a survey or marketing communication, surf the website, or use certain other site features in the following ways: To personalize your site experience and to allow Automotive Custom Engineered Parts to deliver the type of content and product offerings in which you are most interested. To allow ACEP to better service you in responding to your customer service requests. To quickly process your transactions. To administer a contest, promotion, survey or other site feature. If you have opted-in to receive our e-mail newsletter, we may send you periodic e-mails. If you would no longer like to receive promotional e-mail from us, you can opt-outanytime. If you have not opted-in to receive e-mail newsletters, you will not receive these e-mails. Visitors who register or participate in other site features such as marketing programs and 'members-only' content will be given a choice whether they would like to be on our e-mail list and receive e-mail communications from us.
How does Automotive Custom Engineered Parts protect visitor information?
Does Automotive Custom Engineered Parts use "cookies"?
ACEP may contract with third-party service providers to assist us in better understanding our site visitors. These service providers are not permitted to use the information collected on our behalf except to help us conduct and improve our business.
You can choose to have your computer warn you each time a cookie is being sent, or you can choose to turn off all cookies. If you turn cookies off, you won't have access to many features that make your site experience more efficient and some of our services will not function properly.
Does Automotive Custom Engineered Parts disclose the information we collect to outside parties?
We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your personally identifiable information unless we provide you with advance notice, except as described below. The term "outside parties" does not include Automotive Custom Engineered Parts. It also does not include website hosting partners and other parties who assist us in operating our website, conducting our business, or servicing you, so long as those parties agree to keep this information confidential. We may also release your information when we believe release is appropriate to comply with the law, enforce our site policies, or protect ours or others' rights, property, or safety.
In an attempt to provide you with increased value, we may include third party links on our site. These linked sites have separate and independent privacy policies. We therefore have no responsibility or liability for the content and activities of these linked sites.


We are excited to offer this 2019 Toyota Camry. This Toyota includes: ALL WEATHER FLOOR LINER PACKAGE Floor Mats 50 STATE EMISSIONS DOOR EDGE GUARDS (PPO) *Note - For third party subscriptions or services, please contact the dealer for more information.* Why spend more money than you have to? This Toyota Camry will help you keep the extra money you'd normally spend on gas. You can finally stop searching... You've found the one you've been looking for. This is about the time when you're saying it is too good to be true, and let us be the one's to tell you, it is absolutely true. We look forward to seeing you soon! Please call us for more information.


Shingles usually heal in about 2 to 3 weeks without any problem. However, there is a small percentage of patients (10% to 15%), predominantly over age 50, who experience pain that lasts beyond one month after the healing period. This is called postherpetic neuralgia. Catching shingles early and beginning treatment can reduce the likelihood and severity of postherpetic neuralgia. See your dermatologist for pain relief.


This page outlines the laws that apply to advertising in Australia.
Your organisation may hold an event to raise money for its activities or a particular cause, or just to promote the great work it does. Or it may be that your organisation organises a conference, operates a stall in a local market, holds an annual dinner and awards night, or organise a weekend away for members. Some community organisations may be set up solely for the purposes of holding an annual event, like a music festival.
There are many legal issues to consider when holding an event. There are detailed fact sheets on different kinds of events below, and a checklist to help you identify which permits and legal issues you will need to consider.
using the footpath or closing a road.
This is not an exhaustive list and there may be other permits required for your event. Read the detailed fact sheets relevant to your jurisdiction (where availabe) below for more information.
Most local councils have officers who can provide your organisation with information about permit, venue availability, public liability insurance requirements, selling food or alcohol and other issues associated with your event. This information may also be available on your local council's website.
Your organisation has a legal obligation to make sure its event is safe. Your organisation will owe this obligation to people involved in organising the event, volunteers, employees, independent contractors and anyone who comes to the event (for example, members of the public). Briefly, this means that an organisation must take reasonable precautions against any foreseeable risk of harm to event.
For more information about occupational health and safety laws, see our occupational health and safety page.
Your local council should be able to provide specific advice in relation to safety, security and emergency procedures applicable to your community organisation's proposed event.
There are many legal considerations when holding events.
strategies for managing risk and insurance.
signage requirements and managing risk.
whether employees and volunteers should use their own cars.
extra steps when children are involved.
These event planning Guidelines were developed by the Commonwealth Attorney-General's department.
This page has a link to event guidelines produced by Disability Access for people with a hearing impairments and a hearing checklist for events. It also has a link to event guidelines written by Vision Australia for people with vision impairment. You need to search or scroll down the page.
Parkinson's Victoria, working with event management company Perfect Events, developed comprehensive and very user-friendly volunteer briefing documents for its 2010 Unity Walk. The briefings are available for downloading from this link to the OurCommunity website.
WorkSafe WA - information and tools that your organisation can use to undertake a risk assessment of your proposed events.
SafeWork SA - provides resources to assist in addressing and managing risks in the workplace.
Community Underwriting - Voluntary Workers Personal Accident Insurance for volunteers.
Access Canberra - resources for planning community events.
ACT Territory and Municipal Services - information on traffic management and planning special events.
WorkSafe Tasmania - information on Tasmanian requirements work health and safety as well as tools and checklists.


Pamela Geller compares self to Rosa Parks: "I will not abridge my freedom so as not to offend savages"
On Fox News Tuesday morning, host Martha MacCallum interviewed Pamela Geller, head of the American Freedom Defense Initiative, the anti-Islam group that organized a Muhammad cartoon contest at which two gunmen opened fire on Sunday.
MacCallum noted that Geller has received criticism from liberals and conservatives alike, including from Bill Donohue and Donal Trump.
"There's a war going on. What would [Trump] have said about Rosa Parks?" Geller asked. "'Rosa Parks should never have gone to the front of the bus. She's taunting people.'"
"No, no, no, no, no," MacCallum quickly interrupted. "How do you make the Rosa Parks comparison? They're saying that if you want to make a difference, you do it in a, Bill Donohue's saying you do it in a Christian way. You don't do it in a crass, crude way by insulting someone's religion."
"Yeah, well I will not abridge my freedom so as not to offend savages," Geller responded.


The Nigeria Police Force explained circumstances that led to the death of the prime suspect of Offa Robbery, Michael Adikwu 'M' 30Yrs.
The police explained that contrary to claims that Adikwu was murdered in detention by the personel, the Police said he slummed in their custody.
The Police also said the death of the prime suspect does not exonerate the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki who was indicted by other suspects in the case according to statement in Abuja on Thursday by the Force Spokesman, Ag. DCP Jimoh Moshood.
The police said, Adikwu who was a dismissed Police Man and an ex- convict confessed to have killed 22 persons including pregnant women and nine Police personnel and carted away 22 AK 47 Rifles at the Offa Police Divisional Headquarters during Offa Bank Robbery.
The Police also explained that he was not paraded along with the five gang leaders now standing trial because he was taken out to arrest other members of the gang and recover the Rifles carted away during the Offa Bank Robbery.
The Police said: "Michael Adikwu was not murdered but slumped and died in detention while investigation into the Offa Bank Robbery was ongoing.
"It is also important for the public to know that the deceased Michael Adikwu 'was not among the Five gang leaders that indicted and implicated the senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki, therefore, his death cannot in anyway vindicate Senator Bukola Saraki.
They further said: "The indictment of the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki from the confessions of the five gang leaders namely; Ayoade Akinnibosun, Ibukunle Ogunleye, Adeola Abraham, Salawudeen Azeez, Niyi Ogundiran arrested for direct involvement and active participation in the Offa Bank Robbery was not politically motivated as alleged by Mr. Yusuf Olaniyonu, Special Adviser (Media and Publicity) to the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki to the media, but purely criminal case.
"The attention of the Nigeria Police Force has been drawn to the innuendo in the media on the death of a sectional gang leader Michael Adikwu 'M' 30Yrs (A Dismissed Police Man and an Ex- Convict) who confessed to have killed Twenty Two (22) persons including pregnant women and Nine (9) Police personnel and carted away of Twenty Two (22) AK 47 Rifles at the Offa Police Divisional Headquarters during Offa Bank Robbery on the 5th April, 2018, it is therefore, imperative that the Nigeria Police Force respond to the publication and set the record straight.
The police went further to say, "The Nigeria Police Force is conversant and mindful of contempt of Court in commenting on cases already before the Court of competent jurisdiction, however, the Force is constraint and compelled to respond to the statement from Mr. Yusuf Olaniyonu, Special Adviser (Media and Publicity) to the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki and not on the Court processes and proceedings on the case of Offa Bank Robbery for which Five principal suspects are now standing trial in a State High court in Ilorin, Kwara State.
"For avoidance of doubt, and to correct the insinuations and wrong impressions created by the statement from Mr. Yusuf Olaniyonu, Special Adviser (Media and Publicity) to the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki in the minds of members of the public over the indictment and involvement of the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki in the case of the Offa Bank Robbery of 5th April, 2018, from the confessions of the Five (5) gang leaders namely; Ayoade Akinnibosun, Ibukunle Ogunleye, Adeola Abraham, Salawudeen Azeez, Niyi Ogundiran arrested for direct involvement and active participation in the Offa Bank Robbery and the gruesome killing of 33 innocent persons, the Senate President, Senator Bukola Saraki was indicted by the Five (5) suspects who admitted in their confessional statements to the Police investigators that they were political thugs of the Senate President, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Sen. Bukola Saraki and the Executive Governor of Kwara State, Alh. Abdulfatah Ahmed.
"The Five gang leaders further confessed during investigation that they are political thugs under the name Youth Liberation Movement a.k.a "Good Boys" they also admitted and confessed to have been sponsored with firearms, money and operational vehicles.
"Mercedes Benz Compressor Reg. LAGOS, LT 496 KJA, these two (2) Vehicles were used for the Offa Bank Robbery by the Five (5) gang Leaders. The first vehicle was later registered after the Offa Bank Robbery to divert attention while the suspects were in detention.
"It was also discovered during investigations that three gang leaders who participated actively in the Offa Bank Robbery (i) Ayoade Akinnibosun aka AY (ii) Ibukunle Ogunleye aka Arrow and (iii) Adeola Abraham followed the Senate President, Sen. Bukola Saraki to Oloffa's Palace when the Senate President paid a condolence visit to Offa after the Bank Robbery.
"Further investigation into the matter revealed that all the Five (5) gang leaders have direct connection to the Senate President, Sen. Bukola Saraki as a picture of one of the five gang leaders when paraded by the Police was in 'Aso Ebi' (trouser) used during the Senate President daughter's wedding.
The Five (5) gang leaders further admitted that they attended the Senate President daughter's wedding held in Abuja.
"Consequent on all the above, a thorough and discreet investigation was concluded by the Police into the matter and all the Five (5) gang leaders namely; Ayoade Akinnibosun, Ibukunle Ogunleye, Adeola Abraham, Salawudeen Azeez, Niyi Ogundiran arrested for direct involvement and active participation in the Offa Bank Robbery that indicted and implicated Senator Bukola Saraki, Senate President Federal Republic of Nigeria in the Offa Bank Robbery are alive and now in Court.


Win a 3-day/2-night trip for two people to Atlanta, GA to attend Super Bowl LIII. Prize includes round-trip airfare, 2-nights hotel accommodations and a pair of tickets to the game in the P&G Superbowl LIII Sweepstakes!
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Instruction is designed so technical personnel responsible for the hands-on maintenance of the LM2500+ will benefit most from this training. Scope of training focuses on selected Level 2 procedures identified in the applicable maintenance manual.
This course is intended for customers who want to expand their on-site maintenance capabilities to include internal repairs of the GE LM2500+ Aeroderivative gas turbine.


I have a sneaking suspicion that I am not the only person in the packed hall to heave a sigh of relief on hearing that Charles Eisenstein's Sacred Economics workshop isn't actually going to be about economics. At least not the variety of economics guaranteed to alienate people like myself, who know nothing about the subject and find it about as stimulating as sawdust.
As revealed in his most recent book, Sacred Economics, Charles is a passionate advocate of what he calls the 'gift economy'. He sees it as an alternative to the current growth economy, which much of (but by no means all) the world currently operates under – a model that, as he points out, is bad news for a planet with finite resources.
"The systems we live in are unsustainable, so this is going to be a practical de-programming session," he says.
The undoing begins and we float the big questions: where are we directing our life energy? How can we change the world if we can't change ourselves? What are our gifts? How can we use them? And how can we align money with what is sacred to us?
Above all, asks Charles, how can we make decisions that are fear-free and not based on self-interest and security? "Ultimately you're here in this life to give your gift. If you're not, life becomes intolerable and painful," he says.
As an ice-breaker, we divide up into small groups and share our reason for being at the workshop. And then, cleverly, we're asked to share the reason behind our reason for being here. It's a ploy to encourage us to open up, and it works beautifully.
Charles isn't afraid to acknowledge the challenges facing utopic thinkers: "Currently, acting from a place of love contradicts financial self-interest. In a sane society, healing work and charitable work ought to be the most richly rewarded professions. Instead, it's those which contribute to the demise of the planet that are.
"But we can't change the world by invoking shame and guilt. We can help politicians do the right thing by watching, witnessing, helping and not blaming. We have to let go of our hatred and self-hatred.


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The RYS
Cowes Castle
RYS & Yachting
"America"
Cowes Week
Past Flag Officers
Bicentenary 2015
RYS IOW Foundation
Archive: Regattas
Archive: Results
The America's Cup
THE AMERICA'S CUP - HISTORY
The America's Cup, the pinnacle of yachting, was first contested in 1851 making it the oldest trophy in international sport, predating the modern Olympic Games by 45 years. The trophy's roots date back to when a syndicate of businessmen from New York sailed the schooner America across the Atlantic Ocean for the World's Fair in England. The schooner won a race around the Isle of Wight against a fleet of British yachts to claim the £100 Cup.
From there, the United States embarked on what would become the longest winning streak in the history of sport. A 132-year stretch saw boats representing the country successfully defend the trophy 24 times from 1870 through 1980—until 1983, when Australia II became the first successful challenger to lift the trophy from the Americans.
Throughout its history, the America's Cup has enchanted leaders of industry and royalty from tea merchant Sir Thomas Lipton, to brewing and real estate mogul Alan Bond, aviation pioneer Sir T.O.M. Sopwith, the Aga Khan, media mogul Ted Turner, and Harold S. Vanderbilt. Not to mention the icons of the sport of sailing such as Tom Blackaller, Peter Blake, Dennis Conner and Russell Coutts and Grant Dalton.
The Legacy Begins - 'Your Majesty, there is no second'
In 1851 a radical looking schooner ghosted out of the afternoon mist and swiftly sailed past the Royal Yacht stationed in the Solent, between the Isle of Wight and the south coast of England, on an afternoon when Queen Victoria was watching a sailing race. As the schooner, named America, passed the Royal Yacht in first position, and saluted by dipping its ensign three times, Queen Victoria asked one of her attendants to tell her who was in second place.
"Your Majesty, there is no second," came the reply. That phrase, just four words, is still the best description of the America's Cup, and how it represents the singular pursuit of excellence.
That day in August, 1851, the yacht America, representing the young New York Yacht Club, would go on to beat the best the British could offer and win the Royal Yacht Squadron's 100 Pound Cup. This was more than a simple boat race however, as it symbolised a great victory for the new world over the old, a triumph that unseated Great Britain as the world's undisputed maritime power.
The trophy would go to the young democracy of the United States and it would be well over 100 years before it was taken away from New York. Shortly after America won the 100 Guinea Cup in 1851, New York Yacht Club Commodore John Cox Stevens and the rest of his ownership syndicate sold the celebrated schooner and returned home to New York as heroes. They donated the trophy to the New York Yacht Club under a Deed of Gift, which stated that the trophy was to be "a perpetual challenge cup for friendly competition between nations."
Thus was born the America's Cup, named after the winning schooner America. The America's Cup is without a doubt the most difficult trophy in sport to win. In the more than 160 years since that first race off England, only four nations have won what is often called the "oldest trophy in international sport." For some perspective, consider that there had been nine contests for the America's Cup before the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896.
Early Challenges
The very first challenge would come from Englishman James Ashbury, who raced against a fleet from the New York Yacht Club just off Staten Island in 1870. After much dispute over the conditions for racing, Ashbury's Cambria finished tenth in the 17 boat fleet, prompting a second challenge the following year. The 1871 America's Cup match was a precursor for many of the legal battles that would engulf the Cup over the next 100 years.
After reportedly consulting his lawyers, Ashbury insisted on racing against just one boat, not an entire fleet and protested both the scoring of the races and the Race Committee who set the race course. In the end he limped home complaining bitterly about poor sportsmanship on the part of the Americans and insisting he had actually won the America's Cup, to no avail. The next two Challenges came from Canada, but the northerners were no match for the Americans and were soundly beaten.
The Lipton Era
There were a further six challenges before the turn of the Century, including the first of what came to be called the Lipton era of the America's Cup. Sir Thomas Lipton, the Irish/Scottish tea baron challenged five times between 1899 and 1930.
He became the loveable loser; a man whose good-natured approach to the obstacles stacked against him turned him into a folk hero and promoted his business interests in America as well.
While Lipton didn't win the America's Cup, he became one of the first to introduce the idea of sports sponsorship, and he realised a financial windfall from it. Lipton's final challenge in 1930 was the first in the new J-Class boats.
This was a period of magnificent beauty afloat, as the towering masts carrying an improbable amount of sail powered through the chop off Newport, Rhode Island. Harold Vanderbilt was selected to defend for the New York Yacht Club that year and did so with ease.
The latest news and information surrounding the America's Cup and more historical insight can be found on the America's Cup website.
Royal Yacht Squadron
The Castle, Cowes, Isle of Wight, P031 7QT
Paul Wyeth


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Mumps Outbreaks in Delaware and Pennsylvania Expand
The best protection against mumps is to be current with vaccinations
MMR II
Health officials in Delaware and Pennsylvania continue to report additional mumps cases related to social dances at the Chase Center on the Riverfront, in Wilmington.
As previously reported, these dances took place on Feb. 10 and March 3, 2018.
The Delaware Division of Public Health (DPH) has identified 4 additional mumps cases, bringing the total number of reported cases to 19.
Since 2005, this is the first time that 3+ mumps cases have been recorded during any calendar year by DPH.
DPH Director Dr. Karyl Rattay said, "The best protection against mumps is to make sure you and everyone in your home are up to date on their mumps vaccinations."
"Since everyone needs at least two vaccinations, and sometimes even three, knowing your vaccine schedule is vital."
In southeastern Pennsylvania, Montgomery County's public health say 3 mumps cases were part of that outbreak, and Chester County reported 19 cases, reported CBS.
Two doses of the mumps vaccine are 88 percent, while 1 dose is just 78 percent effective, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
And, a third dose may be recommended to extend the effectiveness of the vaccine.
Since the pre-vaccine era in 1967, there has been a more than 99 percent decrease in mumps cases in the United States.
Nationwide, from January 1 to March 30, 2018, 39 US states and the District of Columbia have reported 633 mumps infections to the CDC.
A major factor contributing to mumps outbreaks is being in a crowded environment, such as attending the same class, playing on the same sports team, or living in a dormitory with a person who has mumps.
Also, certain behaviors that result in exchanging saliva, such as kissing or sharing utensils, cups, lip balm or cigarettes, might increase the spread of the virus.
Mumps is a viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus, a member of the Rubulavirus family.
Mumps symptoms typically start with a few days of fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and loss of appetite, followed by swollen salivary glands, which results in puffy cheeks and a swollen jaw.
Symptoms typically appear 16 to 18 days after infection but can range from 12 to 25 days after infection. Some people with mumps may not have any symptoms, according to the CDC.
The MMR-II and ProQuad vaccines both contain the protection for mumps, as well as protection against measles and rubella. ProQuad offers additional protection against varicella.
Most pharmacies offer MMR and ProQuad vaccination services.
The CDC Vaccine Price List provides private sector vaccine prices for general information.
Vaccine discounts can be found here.
More Mumps Cases Reported in Delaware and Pennsylvania
Four More Mumps Cases Identified, Bringing Total to 19
https://www.montcopa.org/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/4263
Mumps Cases and Outbreaks
Mumps Virus May Require 3rd Vaccination For Continued Protection


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Art Events Shop Visit Learn Donate
We are open today from 11 am to 6 pm.
Masks are optional.
Select a category All Events Art-Making Dance Film For Educators For Kids and Families For Teens For Visitors with Disabilities Member Events Music Performance Special Events Talks Tours
Audiophile: Oneohtrix Point Never with Body Language
Martha A. and Robert S. Rubin Pavilion, 1st Floor
The first of three concerts celebrating the most prolific and innovative emerging talent of Brooklyn's thriving music scene. April's installment features Oneohtrix Point Never, the experimental music project of Brooklyn-based writer and musician Daniel Lopatin. Body Language will open.
The series continues on May 17 with rock group Caveman and psychedelic pop group and multi-media artist collective NewVillager, and on June 21 with electronic group Small Black and alternative dance band Lemonade. Audiophile is curated by Shirley Braha of MTV Hive's Weird Vibes. This program is free with Museum admission.
Winter Pop-Up Market
Sun, January 29, 2023
Scent Tour: Mugler's Perfume Universe
Fri, February 3, 2023
6:30–8 pm
First Saturday: Legacy
Sat, February 4, 2023
Salsa Party
Thu, February 9, 2023
Roundtable: Architects on the Future of the Museum
Wed, February 15, 2023
6:15–8:30 pm
For Visitors with Disabilities
The Brooklyn Museum stands on land that is part of the unceded, ancestral homeland of the Lenape (Delaware) people.
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HANDA BHONDA COMICS PDF
He holds the record of longest running comics by an individual artiste for Handa Bhonda comics series which have now completed its continuous 53 years of running. He is the first and only Comics-Artist in India who has received D. Lit degree Doctor of Literature. The comics have appeared in book form. A popular animation series based on the characters has also been filmed.
Author: Daijas Fauzahn
Uploader: Nishakar
Handa and Bhonda are two young boys — the former thin and mischievous and trying to get his plump friend Bhonda in trouble, and always failing.
When he turned 92 in , Debnath stopped work on Handa Bhonda, not making much of the fact that he probably holds the world record for creating the longest-running comic strip as a solo writer-artist. But these continued to be produced by other artists after their original creators stopped work.
Cover of a Handa Bhonda comic book. Courtesy Deb Sahitya Kutir. Is this record, however, recognised by any authoritative organisation? So he never went out of his way to seek recognition which came to him too late in life. Courtesy Santanu Ghosh. Handa Bhonda aside, Debnath created a bunch of other comic book strips that were serially published for over four to five decades.
His superhuman strength often helps those in need but also creates comical situations like the one time he goes to a bank to withdraw cash, but when he blows over his signature on the cheque to dry the ink, all the notes in the bank fly out. Cover of a Batul the Great comic book. Debnath, who started off as a calligrapher in the s, moved to illustrating books before entering the world of comics in the s.
Aesthetically, his best work includes his sharp illustrations for Bengali genre fiction along with comics in the detective, adventure and horror genres, some of which he also wrote. Finding such fine and detailed drawings at a young age made me a fan for life. Making his debut in with the story Sorporajer Dwipe In the Island of the Snake King , Koushik Roy was introduced as a secret agent working for the Indian intelligence service.
He is also adept at martial arts. He also made funny alliterative names a trademark in his comics, which influenced later-day writers. We welcome your comments at letters scroll.
JENSEITS DES LUSTPRINZIPS PDF
Hada Voda Somogro by Narayan Debnath (Bangla Comics)
You have to wait a bit when you open the app, when you select your profile, and again when you choose the show you want to watch. Likewise, when we opened a zip file from a Web page, the files appeared for view on our screen, and they remained there until we sent them to the Trash to delete. No extras: The only editing tool you have in this app is the filter. During testing, the application offered good playback and performed any given task well. You can also change to low- or high-edge detection to get a more or less defined look and feel. The program has no other options, but performs its described function well. Intelligent features: Handa Bhonda Comics for Mac boasts a powerful tagging and search system that allows you to find files with exact precision.
EBOOK RADITYA DIKA KAMBING JANTAN PDF
Meet Narayan Debnath, the grandfather of Bengali comics for six decades
Narayan Debnath is one of them. In spite of reluctance from his father Hemchandra Debnath, a goldsmith, Narayan Debnath, born in , pursued his passion and started drawing from age 12— A student of the Indian College of Arts and Draftsmanship, Kolkata, Debnath, in his early career, was greatly influenced by the then renowned Bengali illustrator Pratulchandra Bandyopadhyay. Earlier in his career, just like other budding artists in those days, Debnath made artworks for advertisements of cosmetics and titles cards for films. Debnath here was inspired by Superman and Desperate Dan and created this pink vest and tight short clad Bengali superhero who fights the evil, catches thieves and brings justice in his locality. This series later was adapted for the television. Debnath too has a detective of his own.
HJR 3FF PDF
Sera Hada Bhoda Samagra by Narayan Debnath
Handa and Bhonda are two young boys — the former thin and mischievous and trying to get his plump friend Bhonda in trouble, and always failing. When he turned 92 in , Debnath stopped work on Handa Bhonda, not making much of the fact that he probably holds the world record for creating the longest-running comic strip as a solo writer-artist. But these continued to be produced by other artists after their original creators stopped work. Cover of a Handa Bhonda comic book. Courtesy Deb Sahitya Kutir. Is this record, however, recognised by any authoritative organisation?
CATHERINE BELSEY POSTSTRUCTURALISM A VERY SHORT INTRODUCTION PDF
The comics have appeared in book form. A popular animation series based on the characters has also been filmed. The suggestion to work in comics in Bengali came from the editors at Deb Sahitya Kuthir publishing house. Also the name Handa-Bhonda was their suggestion. Debnath had been familiar with foreign made comics but comics in Bengali had, to his admission, yet to take off. Handa-Bhonda became an instant success and continues to be printed in Shuktara every month as of September Handa-Bhonda was initially penciled and inked by Debnath and had no colored frames.
CVIJECE ZLA PDF
BURSERA COPALLIFERA PDF
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AMARILLI MIA BELLA PDF
DRACONOMICON 3.5 PDF
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If you are in the situation where your children are all growing up and leaving home, you might be wondering what you will do now they are through the stages of playing in the playground. There are options for you to find a job, but many women that have spent years at home caring for the family have no up to date skills that are relevant to today's types of employment. The answer could be to complete an online master's degree because you can study while the children are at school or in bed. You could be prepared and have a qualification that will help you find a fulfilling career after the playground years have finished.
Your online master's degree can be a pleasure to complete if you choose a subject you are passionate about. Many mothers have the natural instinct to help people, which is why some choose to complete a master of public administration (MPA). Completing this course with Ohio University Online will teach you the skills to address public issues in an effective and efficient manner, with an expert understanding of public administration. You will study the management of financial and human resources and learn to bypass red tape in ways that are effective in whatever area of public administration you work in.
The Ohio University MPA Online can be completed in less than two years, giving you plenty of time to prepare yourself for the day you want to find meaningful employment.
We all like to think our children are proud to say we are their mum. But they can become even more so when they see that you are doing a worthwhile job. As they grow and leave for home, college or university, they will be taking with them the knowledge that their mom is helping other people, an example that is always good to pass on. Children do not always show their feelings or say how proud they are for what you have achieved, but most of them appreciate the fact that, like them, you have spent the last couple of years studying for exams, and that puts them in awe of you.
At the end of the day though, it really does not matter what your children or anyone else thinks, you should do this for yourself. If you want to return to work and study for an online masters degree to help you in your chosen career, look into the courses you are interested in. As you can complete them online, you do not have to live by the faculty; you could be in another state even. Ohio University has a large range to choose from, not just the master of public administration degree.
To take this suggestion forward, you do need to have an internet connection and either a digital device or PC, and there are not many homes without those these days.


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89/11 Oral Histories
8Oral Histories
8American History TV
9/11 Oral Histories
July 11, 2011 Last Aired September 12, 2016
Gary Walters on September 11, 2001
Former White House Chief Usher Gary Walters talked about the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. He stayed at his post in the evacuated White House, seeing to the needs of the president and…
Former Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle on September 11, 2001
Former Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle was among the congressional leaders evacuated by helicopter to a secure undisclosed location on September 11, 2001. He recounted his experiences…
August 10, 2011 Last Aired September 11, 2016
Rear Admiral David Thomas on September 11, 2001
Rear Admiral David Thomas described his actions on September 11, 2001. Then a captain, he was at a meeting at the Pentagon when terrorists attacks began. He described the inside of the…
August 8, 2011 Last Aired September 11, 2016
Major Heather Penney on September 11, 2001
Major Heather Penney talked about her actions on September 11, 2001. Then a lieutenant, she was one of the first District of Columbia Air National Guard F-16 pilots scrambled from Andrews…
Mary Beth Cahill on September 11, 2001
Mary Beth Cahill talked about the events of September 11, 2001, when she was Senator Edward Kennedy's chief of staff. She recalled that first lady Laura Bush arrived on Capitol Hill early…
John Jester on September 11, 2001
John Jester talked about the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the Pentagon. He was in his Pentagon office that morning as he heard a low rumble as a commercial plane tore through the…
Mary Matalin on September 11, 2001
Mary Matalin was a top aide to Vice President Dick Cheney and was with him on September 11, 2001, when the Secret Service physically removed him from the White House offices to a secure…
July 12, 2011 Last Aired September 5, 2011
Former House Speaker Dennis Hastert on September 11, 2001
Former Speaker of the House Dennis Hastert reflected on how the terrorist attacks transformed him into a wartime speaker. He described flying over the Pentagon in a helicopter as he was…


The WA301 is a DC to 1MHz amplifier with a maximum output (e.m.f.) of 30 volts peak to peak from a 50W source impedance. A 600W output is also provided.
The unit can provide up to 15 volts peak to peak into a 50W load and can drive up to 300mA peak into a low impedance or short circuit.
Fully variable gain between x1 and x10 is provided by a rotary vernier with calibrated end stops. A -20dB output attenuator is also incorporated.
An "output clip" LED is provided to warn if the output amplitude exceeds ±15V.
circuit output voltage of 20V peak to peak. The WA301 enables this to be boosted to 30V peak to peak.
Commonly the WA301 will be used as a slave to a function generator with the gain set to x10. Thus an output of 3V pk-pk at the function generator would give rise to an output of 30V pk-pk from the WA301.
Alternatively the variable gain facility might be used to provide an adjustable output level from a fixed level source.
Size: 210(W) x 75(H) x 230(D)mm, inc. feet.
Operating Range: + 5°C to 40°C, 20-80% RH.


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Davenport is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Cruz County, California. Davenport sits at an elevation of . The 2020 United States census reported Davenport's population was 388.

Situation
Davenport lies along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, situated about 9 miles north of Santa Cruz, on Highway One. Originally on the banks of San Vicente Creek, the town expanded to the north during the twentieth century.

The town is presently noted for the spectacular cliffs and bluffs above the Pacific, beaches in between cliffs, surfing opportunities, the cement plant run by Cemex (shuttered in January 2010), and the former headquarters of Odwalla, a company that makes fruit juices.

History

A whaling captain named John Pope Davenport settled at , about half a mile from today's town, in 1867. Davenport built a 400-foot wharf at the mouth of Agua Puerca Creek ("agua puerca" translates to "muddy water"). This wharf was built to load the lumber brought down from the hills for shipment to Santa Cruz. A small village grew up around the port and was known as Davenport Landing. The local post office began operations in 1874, but was known only as Davenport. Agua Puerca Creek lived up to its name by bringing down so much mud that the port filled up and steamers could not tie up to the wharf to load lumber. A small extension did not solve the problem. Then a competitor built a longer wharf, but it was destroyed in a storm. Captain Davenport went bankrupt and moved to Santa Cruz. The post office in Davenport Landing closed in 1889.

When Captain Davenport went bankrupt, his assets were auctioned off to pay creditors. Among the items auctioned off were whaling items leading to speculation that he carried out whaling activities from the port, especially after he started losing money. However, no eyewitness reports of whaling activities at Davenport Landing have been found.

In 1905, an east coast businessman named William Dingee bought the Santa Cruz Lime Company, which had a lime quarry on the banks of San Vicente Creek, south of Davenport Landing. In the following year, the Santa Cruz Portland Cement Company manufacturing plant was built nearby. At that time, the closed Davenport Landing post office opened up in the settlement that grew up around the cement plant. It again only used the name of Davenport; hence, the name of the town.

Davenport has three restaurants, two art galleries, a store, a post office, the Davenport Cash Store, and Pacific School, the only school in the Pacific Elementary School District.

The ZIP Code is 95017 and the community is inside area code 831.

Points of interest

American Abalone
Davenport is home to American Abalone, which produces farm-raised California red abalone. No tours are offered.  California farm-raised abalone has been selected by the Monterey Bay Aquarium's Sea Watch program as an excellent choice for environmentally conscious seafood consumers.

Cement Plant and CEMEX Redwoods
The cement plant was built in 1906 and operated as the Santa Cruz Portland Cement Company. In subsequent years, it was operated by Pacific Cement and Aggregates (1956), Lone Star Cement Corporation (1965), and RMC Pacific Materials (1998).  In 2005, the plant was acquired by Mexico's CEMEX corporation. That same year, the plant was reported to have emitted 100 pounds of mercury. The presence of high levels of chromium-6, purported to be a cancer-causing chemical, led to strained relationships between CEMEX, the Environmental Protection Agency, and County of Santa Cruz.
CEMEX ceased operations and decommissioned the plant in 2010. The 8500-acre parcel is now referred to as the CEMEX Redwoods and is planned for future park use. According to the Palo Alto-based Peninsula Open Space Trust, the CEMEX Redwoods have been renamed the San Vicente Redwoods

Davenport Jail

Of historical interest is the Davenport Jail. It has two cells, and was used only twice from the time of its construction in 1914 until its decommissioning in 1936. Today it is a museum featuring coastal history supported by volunteers from the Santa Cruz Museum of Art and History.

Saint Vincent DePaul Church
St. Vincent DePaul Church, in Davenport, was built entirely of cement from the local cement factory in 1914. The Church is the subject of a famous photograph by Ansel Adams.

Southern Pacific Freight Line
The southern portion of the Ocean Shore Railroad operated between Davenport and Santa Cruz from 1907 to 1920.  The Southern Pacific freight line between the two communities is still in place.

Geography

It lies at .
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.8 square miles (7.4 km2), 99.63% of it land and 0.37% of it water.

Climate
Davenport has mild weather throughout the year, enjoying a Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb) characterized by cool, wet winters and warm, mostly dry summers.  Due to its proximity to Monterey Bay, fog and low overcast are common during the night and morning hours, especially in the summer.

Demographics

The 2010 United States Census reported that Davenport had a population of 408. The population density was . The racial makeup of Davenport was 272 (66.7%) White, 6 (1.5%) African American, 5 (1.2%) Native American, 12 (2.9%) Asian, 82 (20.1%) from other races, and 31 (7.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 172 persons (42.2%).

The Census reported that 349 people (85.5% of the population) lived in households, 59 (14.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.

There were 123 households, out of which 36 (29.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 51 (41.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 16 (13.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (8.9%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 15 (12.2%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (2.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 30 households (24.4%) were made up of individuals, and 13 (10.6%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.84.  There were 78 families (63.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.36.

The population was spread out, with 79 people (19.4%) under the age of 18, 41 people (10.0%) aged 18 to 24, 115 people (28.2%) aged 25 to 44, 132 people (32.4%) aged 45 to 64, and 41 people (10.0%) who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 40.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 141.9 males.

There were 139 housing units at an average density of , of which 56.1% were owner-occupied and 43.9% were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 1.8%. 49.5% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 36.0% lived in rental housing units.

Notable people
 Joe Brovia, professional baseball player
 Olga Najera-Ramirez, anthropologist
 Marcel Soros, professional  surfer

See also
 Davenport oral history, (videorecording, series), Community Action Board, (Santa Cruz: Community Television of Santa Cruz County, 1998).
 Awaswas language
 Davenport tide pools
 List of birds of Santa Cruz County, California
 Rancho Agua Puerca y las Trancas, nearby Spanish land grant

References

External links

 Santa Cruz County Conference & Visitors Council - Davenport Visitor Information
 USGS images

Census-designated places in Santa Cruz County, California
Census-designated places in California
Populated coastal places in California

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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While boyfriend, Casper Smart looks to be having a bit of a snooze; Jennifer Lopez is the life and soul of the party during a rooftop bash at The Cromwell in Las Vegas - and check out that age-defying bikini bod! - by New Idea
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Today's blog focuses on the Turkey Vulture, another one of the most commonly seen birds here in the Southeast. Before we talk about identifying characteristics though, I thought we could dive into the semantics of the terms vulture and buzzard, because it can be pretty confusing.
Before researching this topic, whenever I heard the word "buzzard" I thought of the big birds that are known for eating carrion and foreboding doom. First lesson in semantics here: these flocks are called a committee, a kettle or (my favorite) a wake, and they're usually circling above an unfortunate creature that strayed too close to the road.
However, the Latin word for buzzard is buteo, which is the genus (genus is the taxonomic category above species and below family) that hawks fall into. These birds that are hovering over a carcass in the road are actually vultures and have no reason to be called buzzards at all besides a mistake that was made centuries ago that somehow stuck.
So why do we think of vultures when we hear the word buzzard?
Well, before America was colonized, buzzard was used to describe any bird in the buteo genus, in other words, any raptor with broad wings, sharp beaks and deadly talons used for hunting small animals. The term vulture was used for birds with naked heads and necks that scavenge for their meals.
So now that we've learned to love these giant birds, we can move on to identification.
Of the three types of vultures that live in North America, the Turkey Vulture, the Black Vulture and the California Condor, there are only two that we see here in North Carolina; the Turkey Vulture and the Black Vulture. The Turkey Vulture is so named because of its resemblance to a turkey due to its red and naked head. The Black Vulture is completely black with just a patch of white on the underside of its wingtips. There are more Turkey Vultures in the United States than there are Black Vultures but it is still very common to see both species in Western North Carolina. They are both highly sociable, sharing food with relatives and taking care of their young long after they've fledged. If you see a committee of Turkey Vultures, there's a good chance there are Black Vultures nearby because they follow the Turkey Vultures to a food source, as their sense of smell is not as good as the Turkey Vultures.
Turkey Vulture. Notice the two toned coloring of the wings and how far the tail extends past the feet.
Turkey Vultures are bigger than Black Vultures, and they have a bright red head. In our area, when you see a big, huge bird soaring above you it is most likely a vulture, so look for identifying characteristics such as the flight pattern, and the size, color, and shape of the wings. A Turkey Vulture's wings are split in half by dark patagial (shoulder) feathers and lighter trailing feathers. Its tail and wings will also be longer and more narrow than those of the Black Vultures. Sometimes it's hard to see the bright red head, so the coloring and the length and width of the wings are your best bet.
Happy birding! I hope this blog helps you identify between vultures and eagles, sometimes it's pretty tricky but, like all things, the more you practice, the easier it will be. For some inspiration check out some books from our bird-watching collection. Follow this link to place a hold on All Things Reconsidered, a memoir by Roger Tory Peterson, one of the world's most famous birders. Peterson traveled the world observing birds and along the way had many adventures. At 80 years old, a boat he was in capsized, tossing him into the frigid waters off the coast of Maine. Or check out one of our many other books full of bird-watching tips and tricks. Follow these links to a few in our catalog to place them on hold: Birding for Beginners, Audobon North American Birdfeeder Guide, Pete Dunne on Bird Watching: The How-to, Where-to, and When-to of Attracting, Finding, Identifying and Enjoying Birds.
This is so cool! I guess it's pretty unfair of us to be queasy about these important neighbors. And I suppose there's beauty in them as well, but I'm not sure I can look at them long enough to see it.
Thanks for this well-researched post!


text:
WKSU Stories
Portman's Addiction and Recovery Bill is Likely to Pass This Week
WKSU | By M.L. Schultze,
M.L. Schultze
Published July 12, 2016 at 7:38 PM EDT
Portman says he's convinced the bill has enough support and promise to keep the funding going.
Credit SCREEN CAPTURE
After months of delays, Ohio Sen. Rob Portman is expecting final approval of hisComprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act this week. And asWKSU'sM.L.Schultzereports for Ohio Public Radio, he believes the bill has a strong chance for continued funding -- even in a Congress leaning toward budget cuts.
The bill sets up an inter-agency task force and awards grants to communities for prevention, treatment and recovery for people addicted to opiates.
The final version that came out of a House and Senate conference committee authorizes nearly $900 million over five years – an increase over separate House and Senate versions. Portman acknowledges that authorization is not an appropriation, but given the strong bipartisan support for the bill, he thinks the money will be there.
"The money will be spent in ways that we think is much more likely to turn the tide on this horrible epidemic that we have in Ohio and around the country, where you have more and more people being addicted, more families being torn apart, more communities being devastated by the crime."
More than 200 addiction, recovery and law enforcement organizations nationally support the bill.
What will Portman being doing in Cleveland next week?
Portman says he plans to be at and near the Republican National Convention, though with a far lower profile than four years ago. That's when he had a prime-time speaking slot and was repeatedly mentioned as a running mate for Mitt Romney.
This year, he'll be refurbishing houses for Habitat for Humanity, helping Wounded Warriors kayak and hosting a kind-of mock convention for some 500 high school and college volunteers on his campaign.
Alternatives to the RNC
"These volunteers, the vast majority of them don't have the credentials to go onto the convention floor, but they'll be able to get a feel for the convention and we'll be to talk to them about our unprecedented efforts on the grass-roots side."
Portman, who is locked in a battle for re-election with formerGov. Ted Strickland, says he's not ducking the convention or his endorsement of Donald Trump and plans to speak at the Ohio delegation breakfast and visit Quicken Loans Arena two or three times.
Copyright 2021 WKSU. To see more, visit WKSU.
See stories by M.L. Schultze
M.L. Schultze came to WKSU as news director in July 2007 after 25 years at The Repository in Canton, where she was managing editor for nearly a decade. She's now the digital editor and an award-winning reporter and analyst who has appeared on NPR, Here and Now and the TakeAway, as well as being a regular panelist on Ideas, the WVIZ public television's reporter roundtable.


the conditions of the contest by sending their application. Foreign participants are required to communicate in English in their correspondence with organisers of the contest. The jury reserves the right to award other prizes or not to award a prize if the contest works do not reach a satisfactory level Deadline: August 27, 2018..
12th Biennial International Cartoon Contest 2018 Hlohovec Slovakia..


Edmund Asbury Gullion (1913-1998), a career diplomat and former ambassador to the Republic of the Congo, served as dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy from 1964 to 1978.
Born the son of a U.S. Major General in Lexington, Kentucky, on March 2, 1913, Gullion was the winner of an international oratorical contest in high school, which was officiated by President Hoover. He spoke on the topic "The Influence of John Marshall on World Affairs."
After receiving his B.A. in 1935 from Princeton and while teaching in a preparatory school, Gullion took competitive entrance examinations for the Foreign Service. He moved through the grades of the service over the next twenty-five years, serving in various European countries. He was captured by German forces in Salonika, Greece, then was released in an exchange of consular officers. He left Greece to serve as head of a prisoner of war section, among a host of other diplomatic positions in London, Stockholm, and Helsinki.
In 1946, he was assigned to the Department of State, serving as one of the principle drafters of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, and working on special assignments including atomic energy matters. Gullion attended the National War College in 1948-49 and then became Consul-General of the American Embassy, Saigon, from 1949-1952, which coincided with Indochina's civil war.
He returned to the State Department as a member of the Policy Planning Staff in September 1952, where he spent the next five years working mainly on disarmament, dependent areas, and new country problems. Gullion was a member of several delegations attending disarmament conferences held in New York and in foreign capitals and served as the State Department's representative on the staff of the President's Adviser on Disarmament. In 1957, Gullion took on the position of foreign service inspector. Three years later he was made Acting Director and Deputy Director of the United States Disarmament Administration. In 1961, he married Patricia Palmer.
From 1961 to 1964, Gullion served as the Ambassador to the Republic of the Congo. On behalf of his embassy in Leopoldville, Gullion accepted the Department of State's Distinguished Service Award in 1962.He was elected several times to the Electoral Board of the American Foreign Service Association and also served on a Selection Board of the Foreign Service.
In 1964, Gullion was selected as dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. He led the school for thirteen years, initiating several new programs and furthering the school's globally competitive reputation. The EdwardR. Murrow Center of Public Diplomacy was established during his tenure. While dean of Fletcher in 1972, Gullion was appointed by Nixon to serve on the President's Commission on International Radio Broadcasting.
In 1971, amid mounting tensions on campus surrounding the conflict in Vietnam, Dean Gullion's office was firebombed to protest Fletcher's ties to the military, causing nearly $70,000 in damage.
Gullion retired from his Fletcher post in 1978. He died in his sleep March 17, 1998, at his Winchester, Massachusetts, home.


In this latest session, Sandeep Maheshwari talked about that how students should handle the pressure, how to overcome it, how to take it in a positive way. A must watch motivational video for students.
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