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Welcome to the Arizona Solar Center
This is a non-commercial website for solar and renewable energy information in Arizona.
Learn about Photovoltaic (PV) power
Considerations in sizing a PV system in Arizona
Learn about Solar and Environmental issues
Living with the Sun - Arizona Style
Living with the Sun in the Desert- Blog
Articles about Solar Serving the World
15,000 Native American families live without electricity. How can solar power help? (external)
The following items have been recently added or updated:
Some Almost Forgotten Solar History
Berkeley Lab's "Utility-Scale Solar, 2021 Edition"
Electrification of transportation sector = More Renewable Energy Needed
Tucson Electric Power (TEP) to provide 70% of its energy from solar and wind by 2035
A link to a good article on What You Need to Know to make Sure Your Solar Rooftop is Properly Valued at Time of Sale: Is Solar Sexy When You Sell Your Home?
APS- Residential Battery Pilot Program
See the section "Some things to pay attention to in Arizona", click on the various tabs.
New Discovery Could Improve Organic Solar Cell Performance
While there is a growing market for organic solar cells – they contain materials that are cheaper, more abundant, and more environmentally friendly than those used in typical solar panels – they also tend to be less efficient in converting sunlight to electricity than conventional solar cells. Now, scientists who are members of the Center for Computational Study of Excited-State Phenomena in Energy Materials (C2SEPEM) a new…	Read More
Arizona law protects individual homeowners' private property rights to solar access by dissolving any local covenant, restriction or condition attached to a property deed that restricts the use of solar energy. This law sustained a legal challenge in 2000. A Maricopa County Superior Court judge ruled in favor of homeowners in a lawsuit filed by their homeowners association seeking to force the homeowners to remove…	Read More
Home Battery Systems
Rooftop solar panels are common in Arizona thanks to abundant sunshine, but to get even more use from the technology, homeowners are beginning to pair them with large home batteries. Batteries allow homeowners to store their surplus electricity, rather than send it to the grid in exchange for credit from their electric company.	Read More
There are two types of solar water heating systems: active, which have circulating pumps and controls, and passive, which don't. The typical solar water heater is comprised of solar collectors and a well-insulated storage tank. The solar collector is a network of pipes that gathers the sun's energy, transforms its radiation into heat, and then transfers that heat to either water or a heat-transfer fluid.…	Read More
Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit
(Information provided by DSIRE - Last reviewed 02/19/2009) The information below is somewhat dated, the incentives have been extended, but reduced. See our more up to date article. Incentive Type: Personal Tax Credit State: Federal Eligible Renewable/Other Technologies: Solar Water Heat, Photovoltaics, Wind, Fuel Cells, Geothermal Heat Pumps, Other Solar Electric Technologies Applicable Sectors: Residential Amount: 26% Maximum Incentive: Solar-electric systems…	Read More
The idea of using the sun to meet the energy needs in our buildings has been with us since the time of the Greeks, with some of the design manifestations even evident in the prehistoric structures of Arizona and the Southwest. There is a great historic tradition for Arizona buildings that utilize our most abundant resource, and the current increases in The idea of using…	Read More
How Not to- Battery Connections
Photo shows the situation after a battery discharge test at 300 amps was terminated on a 1530 AH IBE battery string when one post melted. During the discharge test all cell voltages are logged. The sum of the cell voltages was 2.73 volts lower than the 48-volt string voltage. This is an average of 118 mv per inter-cell connection, 5-10 mv is the normal range…	Read More
1 New Discovery Could Improve Organic Solar Cell Performance
2 Know Your Rights
3 Home Battery Systems
4 Solar Hot Water
5 Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit
6 Solar Building Design in Arizona
7 How Not to- Battery Connections
Solar Center Blog
Brian Czech
The Green New Deal:
What's Really Green and What's Really New
Ask Americans what the Green New Deal is all about, and you'll get two basic answers. Most often you'll hear, "It's about moving to renewable energy in order to fight climate change." You'll also hear, from a camp further right, "It's all about socialism!"
Lucy Mason
Arizona Solar Energy Industries Association (AriSEIA)- 2018 Update
Wishing you a wonderful and Happy New Year!
The year 2017 has gone by quickly, and AriSEIA has accomplished a full and active agenda to further solar and renewable energy in Arizona.
ASES SOLAR 2022
ASES SOLAR 2022 Coming - ASES announces the next National Solar Conference, SOLAR 2022: Energy Transition with Economic Justice, taking place June 21-24 at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. We offer a variety of presentations that share research, programs, operations, personal actions, visions, etc. These include oral presentations (10-12 minutes), ~switch 5-minute rapid presentations, posters (2-3 minute oral presentation), an...
Green Building Lecture Series
Green Building Education Series: Green Building Webinar - Creating a Healthy, Energy Efficient and Low Carbon Home JANUARY 13, 2022 6 TO 7 PM Electric Vehicles, Battery Storage & Electrification Sharon Bonesteel, Energy Storage System Safety Leader, SRP Product Development SRP is committed to reducing carbon emissions/ and supporting EV adoption is part of this. There are more than 41000 electric vehicle owners within SRP's electric...
Featured (Note- Articles below shift Left-Right)
The US could reliably run on clean energy...
POPULAR SCIENCE has a good article on clean energy by a group of researchers at Stanford and th...
Biden administration moves to expand solar power on...
BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) — U.S. officials announced approval Tuesday of two large-scale solar projects i...
TEP Distribution System Upgrade Removes DG Limits
December 7, 2021 With the recent upgrades and adjustments to the Tucson Electric Power (TEP) LAT3 1...
Native American solar advances
The Arizona Republic has a good article on residential solar on the Hopi and Navajo reservation...
NREL Q1 2021 PV & Energy Storage Costs...
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) ]released its annual cost breakdown of installed sol...
Pilot line for complete PV module recycling
A European consortium consisting of Italian energy agency Enea and the French Alternative Energies a...
APS to eliminate the "grid access charge" for...
On November 2, the Arizona Corporation Commission voted its final approval to eliminate Arizona Publ...
Scottsdale Proposes Adoption of new Energy and Green...
In alignment with Scottsdale's overall building code updates, the city is preparing to adopt the 202...
Solar Serving the World
The availability of low cost photovoltaic modules and a developing support infrastructure is havin...
SolarRecycle.org
Wondering what to do with end-of-life solar equipment? SolarRecycle.org is a resource t...
City of Phoenix Residential Photovoltaic Roof Access-2021
The City of Phoenix has continued dialog with the solar industry and other stakeholders to enac...
Reaching Net-Zero Carbon Emissions by 2050
See the interesting and useful article by Berkley Lab
Too Much Renewable Energy in Australia?
Electric Utilities worldwide are experiencing problems with system management with large PV systems ...
TEP PV Saturation Maps- Problem removed
TEP has upgraded their distribution system and as of December 7, 2021 the following no longer applie...
Tucson Electric Power (TEP) to provide 70% of...
Tucson Electric Power (TEP) plans to provide more than 70 percent of its power from wind and solar r...
Electrification of transportation sector - More Renewable Energy...
Adoption of electric vehicles is now rapidly increasing due to long-term cost savings, tax incentive...
Energy vs. Agriculture in Italy
Floating Photovoltaic Systems Banned on Reservoirs in Italy. There's a ban in Italy on using "agric...
Plunging cost of wind and solar marks turning...
LONDON (Reuters) - Plunging costs of renewables mark a turning point in a global transition to low-c...
Benchmarking Utility-Scale PV Operational Expenses and Project Lifetimes...
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has published an interesting paper based on a survey of solar ...
ASU named most sustainable university in nation
PHOENIX — Arizona State University announced Wednesday it has been named the most sustainable univer...
Hanwha plans to Build a large Solar Plant...
174 Power Global, Corp., a California-based subsidiary of South Korean company Hanwha, plans to co...
APS sets course for 100 percent clean energy...
Arizona Public Service Co. has announced that it plans to produce all of its electricity from carbon...
Desert solar farms can improve tortoise habitat
With openings in the fence and improved growth of plants vital for tortoise survival, solar farms in...
Tracker Failure - What broke at Oakey
On Oct. 18, 2018 the 55 MW Oakey 2 project located in the Darling Downs region in southeast Que...
California's utilities are following the Arizona anti-rooftop solar...
California utilities are following the APS and SRP examples on how to limit customer owned rooftop...
PV Row to Row Spacing
If your system consists of two or more rows of PV panels, you must make sure that each row o...
After APS explosion injures 4 firefighters, Arizona cities...
There is an interesting, but non-technical, article in the Arizona Republic about batteries in PV sy...
First Solar exits the EPC business
SEPTEMBER 20, 2019 Citing the wild success of its Series 6 module, First Solar has announced that i...
Japan's largest floating PV plant catches fire
This is not Arizona, but it is a lesson on how high winds can damage a PV system and produce a serio...
Phoenix Solar Requirements- 2019
The City of Phoenix as adopted an Citywide Interpretation concerning New Solar PV Live Loads on...
Waste of good PV modules
The world's first solar road has turned out to be a colossal failure that's falling apart and doesn'...
Arizona's Salt River Project Utility Challenged On High...
In 2015 SRP became anti-solar when it adopted special solar rates (E27) with some high demand charge...
Arizona HOA demands extra cash for solar-panel review...
In Arizona it is common for homeowners associations (HOA) to require homeowners or their contra...
Scientists turn wood into a material that reflects...
Mark Sumner for Daily KosDaily Kos StaffSaturday June 01, 2019 · 7:00 PM PDT A team of scie...
Univ. of Arizona - Institute for Energy Solutions...
Some interesting content from the May 2019 newsletter June 7th10 AM - Noon Indige-FEWSS mobile w...
$13.6B record-breaking solar park rises from Dubai desert...
In the desert outside Dubai, a giant solar park is rising. Plans are in place to erect solar panels ...
The Challenge of Closing the Navajo Generating Station...
The Navajo Generating Station in Page, Arizona will soon be closed. This is one of the largest coal ...
Snow can damage PV arrays
The recent snow storms in Arizona (February 2019) have resulted in snow accumilations that can damag...
APS announces 'Solar after Sunset" battery storage inititative...
In utility-scale electricity generation over the course of a day there is a timing imbalance between...
Arizona Solar Jobs Declined in 2018
America now has over 242,000 solar workers, and Arizona has about 7,524 of these jobs, according to ...
REC Silicon to suspend production at Moses Lake,...
February 12, 2019 Tariffs on Chinese polysilicon imports as part of the 2014 trade dispute ov...
Good Intentions, but----
Back in January 2015 Tucson Electric Power Company (TEP) and UniSource Energy Services (UES) set up ...
Dispelling the Myths: Renewables in the Grid
The International Solar Energy Society has developed a series of infographics to clarify some common...
New electric generating capacity in 2019 will come...
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has some interesting statistics on the evolving mix...
SRP and NREL Launch One of the Largest-to-Date...
Note: this SRP program is now complete, the last date for applying was July 29, 2021 October 2...
Under current policies, residential batteries increase emissions in...
Optimizing battery use to minimize emissions is possible, but generally overly expensive. A recent ...
Rooftop solar remains marginal in America
The British news magazine special year-end edition for 2018 has a nice article on rooftop solar in A...
Massive Asian Renewable Energy Project will generate 11,000+...
Long Term Large Scale Renewable Energy Project This is an interesting project involving the Governm...
Give thanks that wind and solar are cheaper...
Over the last two decades, the prices of renewable power—both solar and wind—has dropped sharply. Fo...
Dropped Pallet of PV Modules
On October 26, 2017 a pallet of 33 solar modules got "delivered". After spending an hour checking it...
Navajo Nation Eyes Utility-Scale Solar with Growing Interest...
Momentum is growing around modernizing tribal renewable-energy policies on the Navajo Nation of Ariz...
Some things to pay attention to in Arizona (Select Tab)
Click the ">" Tab to close any open tab
Arizona Corporation Commission
County/City/Tribal/etc.
Biden administration moves to expand solar power on US land
BILLINGS, Mont. (AP) — U.S. officials announced approval Tuesday of two large-scale solar projects in California and moved to open up public lands in other Western states to potential solar power development, as part of the Biden administration's effort to counter climate change by shifting from fossil fuels.
See the Associated Press article.
Biden administration announces goal of 5 million homes
The Department of Energy on November 5, 2021 announced a target of the equivalent of five million homes powered by community solar energy by 2025.
The target would save $1 billion and contribute to administration goals of fully renewable electricity by 2035, according to the department.
"Community solar is one of the most powerful tools we have to provide affordable solar energy to all American households, regardless of whether they own a home or have a roof suitable for solar panels," Energy Secretary Jennifer M. Granholm said in a statement. "Achieving these ambitious targets will lead to meaningful energy cost savings, create jobs in these communities, and make our clean energy transition more equitable."
Read more at THE HILL
The Build Back Better plan for renewables-2021
On OCTOBER 28, 2021 President Biden Announced the Build Back Better Framework. This will have a major impact on Renewable Energy and sustainability. Some of the major components are:
The largest effort to combat climate change in American history. The framework will cut greenhouse gas pollution by well over one gigaton in 2030, reduce consumer energy costs, give our kids cleaner air and water, create hundreds of thousands of high-quality jobs, and advance environmental justice by investing in a 21st century clean energy economy – from buildings, transportation, industry, electricity, and agriculture to climate smart practices across our lands and waters.
Ensure clean energy technology – from wind turbine blades to solar panels to electric cars – will be built in the United States with American made steel and other materials, creating hundreds of thousands of good jobs here at home. The Build Back Better legislation will target incentives to grow domestic supply chains in solar, wind, and other critical industries in communities on the frontlines of the energy transition. In addition, the framework will boost the competitiveness of existing industries, like steel, cement, and aluminum, through grants, loans, tax credits, and procurement to drive capital investment in the decarbonization and revitalization of American manufacturing.
Advance environmental justice through a new Clean Energy and Sustainability Accelerator that will invest in projects around the country, while delivering 40% of the benefits of investment to disadvantaged communities, as part of the President's Justice40 initiative. The framework will also fund port electrification; facilitate the deployment of cleaner transit, buses, and trucks; and support critical community capacity building, including grants to environmental justice communities. In addition, the framework will create a new Civilian Climate Corps – with over 300,000 members that look like America. This diverse new workforce will conserve our public lands, bolster community resilience, and address the changing climate, all while putting good-paying union jobs within reach for more Americans.
The full document is available on the Whitehouse,gov website
Biden releases ambitious plan for solar energy
By Ivan Penn | New York Times
The Biden administration on Wednesday released a plan to produce almost half of the nation's electricity from the sun by 2050 as part of its effort to combat climate change.
Solar energy provided less than 4 percent of the country's electricity last year, and the administration's target of 45 percent would represent a huge leap and will most likely take a fundamental reshaping of the energy industry. In a new report, the Energy Department said the country needed to double the amount of solar energy installed every year over the next four years compared with last year. And then it will need to double annual installations again by 2030.
More Information https://roselawgroupreporter.com/2021/09/biden-releases-ambitious-plan-for-solar-energy/
Reminder- Arizona tax credit information is available here: Arizona Tax Incentives
Federal investment tax information, including end of year rules, is available here: Federal Tax Incentives
Energy_Bills_2021
The Arizona Legislature's session had many energy bills to oppose (HB2248, SB1175, HB2737 in particular). These died at the end of the session, but the concepts could be presented in the future.
Status of 2021 Session Bills:
DEAD-HB 2248: Corporation Commission; Electric Generation Resources
Alarm bells are ringing by environmentalists over HB2248 (and Senate bill 1175). These would prohibit "Arizona Corporation Commission from adopting or enforcing any policy, decision or rule that directly or indirectly regulates critical electric generation resources used or acquired by public service corporations within Arizona's energy grid without express legislative authorization. (Sec. 1) 2." The bill cripples the ACC from doing its job. (Kerr, Gowan, Gray and others). The House passed a Senate committee 6-4 but was caught up in committee when the Legislature adjourned.
DEAD-SB 1175: Corporation Commission; Electric Generation Resources
DEAD-HB 2737: Corporation Commission Actions; Investigation
Dead. Environment – HB2737, would allow any lawmaker to order Arizona's Attorney General to investigate the Arizona Corporation Commission and to require 10% of the commission's operating budget to be withheld if the AZ Supreme Court determines this agency has exceeded its statutory authority or is not executing or enforcing statute. Sponsored by Jacqueline Parker (R-16). Probably aimed at curbing the ACC environmental regulations. Passed Committee of the Whole but not voted on in time.
Thanks to all who voiced their opposition to the above bills. It is imperative that we convey the negative impact passing bills such as these will have on the regulatory certainty that companies rely on to locate, relocate and grow. We need to protect our state's economy, our health and our future. Email your representatives.
Here is a link to find your representatives
Arizona Corporation Commission to Hold Two Energy Rules Public Comment Sessions
PHOENIX – The Arizona Corporation Commission will be holding two telephonic oral proceedings next week to solicit public comment on its proposed Energy Rules. The telephonic oral proceedings will be held on Monday August 16 and Thursday August 19 at 10 a.m. Written public comments can be filed into the docket until August 20, 2021.
At a May 26, 2021 Special Open Meeting the Corporation Commission voted 3-2 to advance an amended package of Energy Rules. Due to the substantive changes made by various amendments, the rules are now moving through a supplemental rulemaking process which provides for additional public comment opportunities. Commission Utilities Division Staff will then file a response to comments received and a revised Economic Impact Statement by September 20, 2021. Following the Staff Report, an Administrative Law Judge will prepare a new Recommended Opinion and Order which will come back before the Commission for a final vote sometime this fall.
To participate in the oral proceedings, dial 1-888-450-5996, to speak use passcode 457395#, and to listen only use passcode 4208475#. You may file written comments into docket number RU-00000A-18-0284. To watch live visit azcc.gov/live.
Here is What it Will Cost You to Achieve 100% Clean Energy -Intro
On August 12, 2021 the Office of Arizona Corporation Commission Chairwoman Lea Márquez Peterson released an interesting summary of the average future bill impact to residential customers up to 2050, depending on the utility and the amount of emission reductions that each utility achieves within that time. Worth a read.
PHOENIX - Several clean energy proposals are currently pending before the Arizona Corporation Commission. After several months, the Commission has received an independent analysis of at least two of these proposals: 100 percent zero-emission energy by 2050 and 80 percent clean energy by 2050.
Link to the full summary
Arizona Corporation Commission- MODIFICATIONS TO THE ARIZONA CORPORATION COMMISSION'S ENERGY RULES
On May 26th 2021, the Arizona Corporation Commission reconsidered and passed a Clean Energy Rules package. The energy rules package includes 100% carbon-free energy in Arizona by 2070. And the carbon reductions are requirements and not goals.
Revised carbon emissions reductions levels by the following:
• 50% by December 31, 2032
• 100% by December 31, 2070
Most importantly, the passed rules retained all the beneficial policies and requirements around storage and distributed storage. Specifically, the rules include a 35% energy efficiency requirement, which is the nation's first distributed storage/solar requirement, preferential treatment for energy procurement from coal-impacted communities and tribes, as well as a complete rewrite of the IRP rules that will require the Commission to approve, rather than acknowledge a preferred portfolio of resources.
This is not yet final, as a result of substantive changes made to the original Recommended Opinion and Order, the amended energy rules package will be sent back through the formal rulemaking process. An updated schedule will be implemented that will allow for written comments and public comment on the record. Interested parties can submit formal written comments to the docket beginning July 9, 2021 through August 20, 2021. Public comment sessions will be held on August 16 and 19, 2021, at 10am.
The passage of the Energy Rules as they presently stand reflects a significant win for ratepayers, for the people of Arizona and for the Solar Energy Industry.
See also Materials Presented by the Joint Stakeholders at the Commission's March 2020 Energy Rules Workshop
The Nature Conservancy has submitted their report "Arizona Thrives - A Path to a Healthy and Prosperous Future" to the ACC. Interesting.
APS has submitted their report, The Solar Center has slightly reformatted this report by rotating the pages for easier viewing. APS has provided two presentations to address the ACC questions. Worth a read.
Read more: Interconnection of Distributed Generation Facilities
Read more: Arizona Statewide Transportation Electrification Plan
The City of Phoenix has continued dialog with the solar industry and other stakeholders to enact some solar code changes that generally increase the area of residential one- and two- family dwelling roof areas that can be utilized for photovoltaic arrays. This has been done by reducing the required pathways for fire access. The major changes are:
Pathways to ridge. Not fewer than two 36 inch- wide (914 mm) pathways on separate roof planes, from lowest roof edge to ridge, shall be provided on all buildings. Not fewer than one pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway side of the roof. For each roof plane with a photovoltaic array, not fewer than one 36-inch- wide (914 mm) pathway from lowest roof edge to ridge shall be provided on the same roof plane as the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane or straddling the same and adjacent roof planes.
Setbacks at ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 33 percent or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
Alternative setbacks at ridge. Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the dwelling in accordance with Section 903.3.1.3, setbacks at the ridge shall conform to one of the following:
1. For photovoltaic arrays occupying 66 percent or less of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 18 inches (457 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
2.For photovoltaic arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, a setback of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
For more information see: Phoenix Fire Code Changes 3-8-2021
Phoenix Fire Dept. now requires a separate permit for solar systems and batteries
The City of Phoenix is now (January 2020) requiring a special permit from the Fire Department for most solar systems and batteries. The fees and required plans varies with size and content. See this link for an application and details: https://www.phoenix.gov/firesite/Documents/Solar Photovoltaic OTC Bundle Rev 01-2020.pdf
This is in addition to a building permit from the Planning & Development Department and must be separately obtained at a different address (150 South 12th Street) or on-line via the above link. Also noted is that residential PV permits are no longer over the counter and as of March 2020 are estimated to take 29 working days to process. Separate inspections are required.
The code requirements are contained in Phoenix-Chapter 12 BESS R-3-1.pdf
Also note: All Phoenix solar building permits are now electronic submittal only. Contact the Electronic Plan Review (EPR) Triage Team at 602-534-5933 or epr.support@phoenix.gov. For more information on EPR, visit us at https://www.phoenix.gov/pdd/onlineservices/electronic-plan-review.
Related: PV Rapid Shutdown Signage- Phoenix
APS to eliminate the "grid access charge" for residential solar customers
On November 2, the Arizona Corporation Commission voted its final approval to eliminate Arizona Public Service (APS) company's "grid access charge," ending a decade-old unfair practice of charging residential solar customers a discriminatory fee. The grid access fee, a monthly fee based on $0.93 per kW-dc of generation. This fee averaged about $100 per year per solar customer. The Arizona Solar Energy Industries Association (AriSEIA) and the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) argued that the fee unfairly targeted solar customers under the pretense that it cost more to provide them with electricity.
APS is also reducing the "on peak" hours for time-of-use electricity plans eventually will shift to 4 to 7 p.m. Today, those rate plans use on-peak hours of 3 to 8 p.m. APS said it could take 10 months to implement the change.
The changes regulators made to APS revenue will affect bills starting in December, but the company said it would take several months to adjust the new on-peak hours on time-of-use energy plans.
APS- Now Available: Residential Battery Pilot Program
Arizona Public Service Co. has introduced a Residential Battery Pilot Program, starting October 4, 2021.
The pilot will be available to APS residential customers who install residential battery systems, enroll in a TOU (Time of Use) or TOU-plus-demand service plan and commit to discharging their batteries during on-peak periods. (Note: Rate requirements are waived for customers on grandfathered solar rates.) The pilot will help APS learn about battery performance in a variety of conditions and how batteries may create value for customers through improved management of energy demand at their residence and help reduce stress on the electric grid.
APS sets course for 100 percent clean energy future
Arizona Public Service Co. has announced that it plans to produce all of its electricity from carbon-free sources by 2050 and will get 45% of its power from renewable sources like solar and wind by the end of this decade.
This is a good improvement from the point of view of sustainable energy. There are still a lot of details to be worked out such as the role that distributed energy will take. Will APS APS improve its policies in regard to residential and small commercial systems.
There are several good news articles and the APS press releases on this announcement:
APS:APS sets course for 100 percent clean energy future
Arizona Republic: APS will eliminate carbon emissions by 2050 and close coal plant ahead of schedule, CEO says
The Washington Post: Arizona's biggest utility says it will get all of its electricity from carbon-free sources by 2050
Read more: Update- Utility Solar Battery Fire in Arizona (Intro)
SRP and NREL Launch One of the Largest-to-Date Home Energy Storage Studies (Now Closed)
Note: this SRP program is now complete, the last date for applying was July 29, 2021
October 25, 2018 (updated 8/19/19)- SRP customers in central Arizona are participating in one of the largest energy storage studies, helping NREL and Salt River Project (SRP) identify the value that battery energy systems will have for customers and utilities.
With home battery energy systems (BES) gathering market momentum, residents and utilities worldwide are weighing the benefits of storage. To advance understanding of this emerging technology, one utility in central Arizona is collaborating with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to launch one of the largest BES studies to date for up to 4,500 of its customers.
Salt River Project (SRP), a major utility in one of the sunniest locations in the United States, is providing qualified customers financial incentives to purchase a residential battery system. Customers can be selected to participate in a research study, which provides a large-scale analysis of the benefits and impacts of BES technologies. NREL will assist the utility throughout the 3-year program by evaluating battery technologies and interpreting data about customer battery use.
The initial phase of the project will use research capabilities only found at NREL, including the Energy Systems Integration Facility's high-performance computing to manage the millisecond-to-minute resolution data, and advanced battery testing in the Thermal Test FacilityPDF. Subsequent phases might use data from customer battery use and BES performance, allowing NREL researchers to develop modeling and simulation tools to assess the customer benefits and distribution network impacts of BES.
With energy storage technologies gaining importance, this study is a landmark effort to understand the value that BES technologies will have to both customers and utilities. The breadth and resolution of data, combined with the modeling and scenario analysis performed by NREL, will constitute a critical look at the foreseeable impacts of the storage industry.
Arizona Solar Center note on the above: SRP has a Battery Storage Incentive program that as of mid-August 2019 had 3645 reservations remaining. Of course, this only for SRP customers. Customers can get up to $3,600 (doubled effective 5-1-19) from SRP for adding a battery storage system to their homes. It is not necessary to have a PV system. Customers can call the SRP Connected Home team at (602) 236-4448 or see https://www.srpnet.com/electric/home/batterystorage/default.aspx. The Arizona Solar Center would like SRP customer feedback on this project for a future article, if you take part and would like to share your experience, drop us a note at webmanager@azsolarcenter.org
With the recent upgrades and adjustments to the Tucson Electric Power (TEP) LAT3 13.8 kilovolt circuit in Marana, TEP is pleased to announce that all of the circuits on its local grid now have the capacity to support new residential solar projects sized at 20 kW AC and less.
This means homeowners who wish to install rooftop solar anywhere in the TEP service territory should be able to clear "Screen A" of Arizona's Distributed Generation Interconnection Rules (DGIRs), allowing them to install systems that export excess energy to the TEP local grid.
As you may be aware, some TEP circuits were previously saturated with DG capacity exceeding levels referenced in the DGIR screening tests. Those tests compare the aggregate DG capacity on each circuit with that circuit's peak load and minimum daytime load over the previous 12 months.
Since then, TEP has completed extensive hosting capacity studies and has made system improvements to expand capacity on circuits where new interconnection requests previously triggered additional review. All of the TEP circuits now have capacity for the addition of new residential exporting DG systems.
The TEP Energy Programs team will contact customers whose rooftop solar projects were suspended due to circuit saturation to inform them that these restrictions have been addressed and to invite them to submit their application to TEP.
TEP is committed to taking a proactive approach to surveying its system and identifying solutions to be able to accommodate additional growth.
If you have any questions, email TEP at renewables@tep.com.
Tucson Electric Power (TEP) plans to provide more than 70 percent of its power from wind and solar resources as part of a cleaner energy portfolio that will reduce carbon emissions 80 percent by 2035.
TEP has filed its integrated resource plan (IRP) with the Arizona Corporation Commission, outlining plans for 2.5GW of new solar and wind over the next 15 years and 1.4GW of energy storage capacity as it progressively shutters its coal power stations.
See the TEP Press Release for more information: https://www.tep.com/news/tep-plans-clean-energy-expansion-carbon-reduction/
TEP has upgraded their distribution system and as of December 7, 2021 the following no longer applies. Remaining posted for historical reasons.
TEP customers intending to install a new PV system now need to check that their system can be safely installed and connected to TEP's grid.
TEP now has service areas that are saturated with PV systems where new PV systems are subject to additional review and requirements under Arizona's Distributed Generation Interconnection Rules. TEP has prepared DG Saturation Maps showing these areas.
This further described at https://www.tep.com/get-started-with-solar/
This requirement stems from the recent Distributed Generation Interconnection Rules issued by the Arizona Corporation Commission.
Further information is available at:Interconnection of Distributed Generation Facilities
Update: See the related article on tucson.com: New state rules limit rooftop solar systems in some Tucson neighborhoods
Interesting Arizona Solar Stories
Coming soon, submit stories to webmaster@azsolarcenter.org
Some interesting Renewable Energy Discussions
Interesting Technology Updates -Click on a title below
- A radical idea to get a high-renewable electric grid
This is an interesting approach to optaining very high penetration of renewables such as photovoltaics and wind. At present most large installations operate under Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) wherein the economics are based on a sell all output at predetermined prices. This contrasts with standalone systems wherein the system size…	Read More
- Breakthrough Batteries Powering the Era of Clean Electrification
Battery Storage Costs Drop Dramatically, Making Way to a New Era. A recent Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) report continues to confirm that clean electrification through batteries is advancing at impressive rates. Very interesting report: Breakthrough Batteries- Powering the Era of Clean Electrification	Read More
- Changes impacting photovoltaic (PV) installations in the 2020 National Electrical Code (NEC)
A look at some of the more significant changes under consideration for the 2020 National Electrical Code (NEC) that will affect future distributed generation systems (solar electric wind, etc.). Article 690, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems and Article 705, being renamed Interconnected Electric Power Production Sources, are specific to distributed generation.…	Read More
- Arizona's Corporate Commission Eases Solar Restrictions
KJZZ's The Show had a good (October 31, 2019 - 1:57pm) article about new rules (2019) regarding the installation of battery-storage and renewable-energy systems, voted on by regulators in 2019. Worth viewing. KJZZ website link	Read More
- Interesting Technology
An assortment of links to interesting information Semiconductor Nanowires Could Double the Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells A p/n semiconductor junction is not the only way of converting sunshine into useful electrical energy. Light consists of a flow of photons of various energy levels (colors). See this article-Solar Cells. Nanowires…	Read More
Caution- News leads open in new windows. Warning- These news links are automatically generated by others such as Google News and are not reviewed by the Arizona Solar Center, Inc. We are not responsible for link content.
#7. Arizona | Around The Web | conwaydailysun.com - Conway Daily Sun #7. Arizona | Around The Web | conwaydailysun.com - Conway Daily Sun #7. Arizona | Around The Web | conwaydailysun.com Conway Daily Sun
Created on: Jan 19, 2022 | 08:07 P
Jan 19, 2022 | 08:07 P
Green Mountain Energy Enters Agreement to Offer Arizona 100 Percent Renewable Energy Ahead of State Deadlines - Business Wire Green Mountain Energy Enters Agreement to Offer Arizona 100 Percent Renewable Energy Ahead of State Deadlines - Business Wire Green Mountain Energy Enters Agreement to Offer Arizona 100 Percent Renewable Energy Ahead of State Deadlines Business Wire
Salt River Project taps NextEra Energy to add battery storage to Arizona project - pv magazine USA Salt River Project taps NextEra Energy to add battery storage to Arizona project - pv magazine USA Salt River Project taps NextEra Energy to add battery storage to Arizona project pv magazine USA
A Swiss solar company announces a new production facility in Arizona - Electrek A Swiss solar company announces a new production facility in Arizona - Electrek A Swiss solar company announces a new production facility in Arizona Electrek
Created on: Dec 27, 2021 | 08:00 P
Dec 27, 2021 | 08:00 P
Biden Administration Moves to Expand Solar Power on US Land - U.S. News & World Report Biden Administration Moves to Expand Solar Power on US Land - U.S. News & World Report Biden Administration Moves to Expand Solar Power on US Land U.S. News & World Report
Vision of a Solar Arizona (Click on text)
Arizona's Renewable Energy Future (Click on white text)
Interesting Videos
AZ Guidelines-5
Section 5. General devices/systems descriptions
5.1 General types of devices and systems which can be sold/installed in Arizona if they conform to specifications in this document (note: these devices also qualify for applicable State tax incentives):
a. Solar domestic water heating systems (covered in section 2) -- collectors, storage tanks, heat exchangers, and piping, valves, wiring, etc. directly related to the solar system.
b. Solar swimming poll and spa heating systems (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) --- collectors, heat exchangers, and piping, valves, wiring, etc., directly related to the solar system.
c. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems (covered in section 3) -- collectors, batteries, inverters, solar system related to wiring. Includes solar PV for RVs. End-use appliances (even if they are 12vdc) are excluded unless they are manufactured specifically for PV applications.
d. Solar PV phones, street lighting, etc (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) -- collectors, batteries, inverters, solar system related wiring. Phone, light, etc. are excluded unless they are manufactured specifically for PV applications.
e. Solar thermal or electric space heating systems (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) -- collectors, storage tanks, heat exchangers, and piping, valves, wiring, etc. directly related to the solar system.
f. Passives solar building systems (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) -- Trombe wall components, thermal mass, and components specifically designed for energy gains. Dual pane windows, low-e and other window coatings, etc. are specifically excluded.
g. Solar daylighting systems (covered in sections 4) -- those devices and systems specifically designed to capture and redirect visible solar energy while controlling the infrared energy (conventional skylights are specifically excluded).
h. Domestic solar appliances (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) -- solar ovens, food dehydrators, water distillers and other domestic solar appliances. Those solar domestic appliances not specifically listed herein that meet the legislative description of 'solar device' (ARS 44-1761) are also included.
i. Solar thermal/electric power generating systems, including stand-alone and grid-connected systems (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) -- includes parabolic trough and dish-Stirling applications.
j. Solar and wind-powered pumps (not covered in guidelines; these devices are not required to meet any State specified certification, ratings or standards at the time of the adoption of these guidelines; therefore, they can be sold/installed in Arizona. However, they must meet any required Federal, local or other codes, standards, certifications, or other requirements, if applicable -- UBC, NEC, UL, etc. . . ) -- collectors or windmills, structure, pump, pipes and other components directly related to the pumping system.
k. Wind generators (covered in section 3) -- windmill, structure, generator, batteries, controls, wiring and other components directly related to the wind generator. End-use appliances are excluded
5.2. General types of systems and devices which are not considered in the legislation or this document (note: these devices do not qualify for any State tax incentives):
a. Conventional plumbing components -- water softeners, drinking water systems, etc. even if they are provided (gratis or otherwise) as part of the system.
b. Conventional controls -- load controllers, programmable thermostats, etc. even if they are provided (gratis or otherwise) as part of the system.
c. Conventional heating/cooling systems -- air conditioners, heat pumps, evaporative coolers, furnaces (regardless of efficiency).
d. Conventional windows and window treatments -- dual-pane, low-e, shade screens, reflective and dark coatings, awnings, interior shades, drapes and blinds.
e. Conventional skylights.
f. Appliances (all voltages) -- refrigerators, lights, TVs, etc. unless they are manufactured specifically for PV systems.
g. Fans -- ceiling, reflective roof coatings.
i. Insulation (includes "outsulation") and radiant barrier.
j. Weather stripping, caulking.
k. Misting systems.
l.. Vegetation -- shade trees, shrub, grass.
Section 4: Solar Daylighting
There are 4 primary concerns regarding solar daylighting systems: installer certification (section 4.1), installation certification (section 4.2), product certification (section 4.3), and warranty requirements (section 4.4).
4.1 Installer certification:
There is only one (1) requirement for an installer of a solar daylighting device at the time of this document's adoption. The installer must have completed and passed any training provided by the manufacturer of the daylighting device.
4.2. Installation certification:
There are no requirements beyond those conditions specified by the Registrar of Contractors. For those installations not requiring a contractors license, for example, when the total aggregate cost is less than $750, it is recommended that the installing company have a B1 (general contracting) and/or C65R (glazing) license(s).
4.3 Product certification:
There are two requirements for product certification.
4.3.1 The basic device must be ICBO approved for the intended installation.
4.3.2 The basic device must be approved by the Department of Commerce Energy Office as a solar daylighting device. The manufacturer or the installing company must submit to the Department of Commerce Energy Office (3800 N. Central Ave., Suite 1200, Phoenix, AZ 85012) a detailed description with accompanying graphics (drawings, photos) for each model with substantial design differences. It is not necessary to obtain ICBO or DOCEO approval of additional models within a model range or for minor design modifications that are supported by an engineer's written report that the additional model meets or exceeds the performance of the approved model(s). The Energy Office will issue a written response regarding the status of the device.
a. The purchaser must be supplied a copy of the letter stating that the device is a qualified device at time of installation completion.
4.4 Warranty requirements:
The installation company will provide a full parts and labor warranty for the entire system for two (2) years from date of installation.
Full parts and labor warranty includes, but is not limited to, and and all component failure(s), whether it is covered by the original manufacturer or not; and any and all installation-related malfunction(s). Any manufacturer's warranty(ies) are in addition to, not in lieu of, the installation warranty requirements. Warranty is not required to cover problems resulting from exposure to harmful materials and chemicals, fire, flood, lightning, hurricane, tornado, hailstorm, earthquake, or other acts of God, vandalism, alteration of system by anyone not authorized by the installation company, or any other cause beyond the control of the installation company.
4.5 Written certifications:
For all solar daylighting systems, the purchaser must be furnished with a written statement of certification (see A); a statement of performance (see B), which must include what general performance the purchaser can expect from the system under typical conditions; and a statement of warranty (see D).
Section 3. Solar Electric/Photovoltaic (including wind electrical energy systems)
There are three primary concerns regarding solar electric/photovoltaic systems: installer certification (section 3.1), component and installation certification (section 3.2), and warranty requirements (section 3.3).
3.1. Installer certification:
At the time of this document's adoption, there are no installer certification requirements other than those rules and regulations of other State and local entities including, but not limited to, the Registrar of Contractors.
3.2. Component and installation certification:
At the time of this document's adoption, there are no complete system installation specifically described herein. There are, however, some component and subsystem installation requirements (see 3.2.1).
Those conditions as required by other entities are in effect -- the Registrar of Contractors, for example, requires an electrical contracting license for installation of many solar photovoltaic systems. All installations must meet or exceed the UBC and NEC at a minimum, and any code(s) adopted by the municipality in which the device is being installed.
3.2.1 Subsystem installation and component certification requirements:
There are subsystem installation and component certification requirements for photovoltaic modules and battery systems as required by the specific application. The installer is responsible for ensuring that the subsystem and product installed meets or exceeds all applicable requirements.
a. The photovoltaic (PV) modules and installation must meet or exceed the following testing/safety/performance standards as required by the specific installation (asterisk * denotes required for all modules and installations):
All applicable NEC requirements*, U.L. 1703*, JPL Block V,CEC Specification 503, IEC 904-3, IEC 1215.
In addition, the PV modules and related components must meet or exceed the following testing/safety/performance standards as required by the specific installation:
USHUD approval, RVIA approval.
b. The battery storage subsystem must meet or exceed the following testing/safety/performance standards as required by the specific installation:
ANSI/IEEE 929-1988 (if utility interface), ANSI/IEEE 937-1987, ANSI/IEEE 1013-1990.
c. Wind energy systems generating electricity )as opposed to water pumping, etc.) must conform to the American Wind Energy Association standard AWEA 1.1-1985.
d. The solar collector must not be shaded during the time period from 9 AM to 3 PM at any tme during the year. If future shading is expected, for example, due to vegetation growth, the purchaser must be notified. If avoiding collector shading is not possible, the system purchaser must be given a written statement describing the time periods in which the system can be expected to operate at less than peak performance due to collector shading (see also Section 3.4., below).
e. Any and all connections to the electric utility grid must be made with the permission, approval and cooperation of the utility owning, operating and/or maintaining the distribution system. All components and their installation must be capable of protecting the existing grid and its operators and maintenance personnel from damage and injury per the instruction and approval of the utility responsible for the line access.
3.3 Warranty coverage:
3.3.1 The warranty requirements for the installation company will be as follows:
a. The installation company will provide a full parts and labor warranty for the entire system for two (2) years from date of installation.
Full parts and labor warranty includes, but is not limited to, any and all component failure(s), whether it is covered by the original manufacturer or not; and any and all installation-related malfunction(s). Any manufacturer's warranty(ies) are in addition to, not in lieu of, the installation warranty requirements. Warranty is not required to cover problems resulting from exposure to harmful materials and chemicals, fire, flood, lightning, hurricane, tornado, hailstorm, earthquake, or other acts of God, vandalism, alteration of system by anyone not authorized by the installation company, or any other cause beyond the control of the installation company.
For all solar electric/photovoltaic systems, the purchaser must be furnished a written statement of certification (see A), a statement of performance (see B), which must include what general performance the purchaser can expect from the system under typical conditions, and a statement of warranty (see D).
Return to Guideline Introduction
Section 2. Solar Thermal Water Heating
There are two primary concerns regarding solar domestic water heating: component and installation certification (section 2.1), and warranty requirements (section 2.2).
2.1 Component and installation certification (applies to all solar thermal systems):
2.1.1 All installations must meet or exceed the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPS), Uniform building Code (UBC) and the National Electric Code (NEC), at a minimum, and any code(s) adopted by the municipality in which the device is being installed.
2.1.2 As of June 1, 1995, all solar water heating products and systems and their installations must conform to the guidelines and procedures of the current (at time of sale) Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) OG-300 document, or equal, with the following exceptions, additions and/or alterations.
a. If the system is installed in any manner other than test conditions, the installing company is responsible for determining and providing for proper collector design flow rate as required to maximize performance and minimize system malfunctions, especially those malfunctions due to water quality conditions. This includes, but is not limited to, pump/pipe sizing calculations and providing a larger pump where necessary to accommodate the system's own specific flow requirements.
b. If the system is installed in any manner other than test conditions, the installing company is responsible for determining and providing for proper collector design flow rate as required to maximize performance and minimize system malfunctions, especially those malfunctions due to water quality conditions. This includes, but is not limited to, pump/pipe sizing calculations and providing a larger pump where necessary to accommodate the system's own specific flow requirements.
c. All materials exposed to sunlight, direct or indirect, will be suitable for outdoor use. This includes pipe and pipe insulation (includes coatings), sensor wire, wire connections, etc.
d. The solar collector must not be shaded during the time period from 9 AM to 3 PM at any time during the year. If future shading is expected, for example, due to vegetation growth, the purchaser must be notified. If avoiding collector shading is not possible, the system purchaser must be given a written statement describing the time periods in which the system can be expected to operate at less than peak performance due to collector shading (see also Section 2.3., below).
e. The installation of a suitable electric water heater element control device is required for all electric-assist sytems to prevent the electric -assist element from operating during normal solar collections hours. A manual override method must be included and the purchaser must be provided written instructions in the use of override and the resetting of the timer after a power failure if applicable.
f. System overheat protection must be included to prevent excessive component temperatures and pressures, and to prevent excessive precipitation of dissolved solids.
2.2.1 The warranty requirements for the "supplier" (as defined in SRCC documents OG-300) will stand as written in the current (at time of sale) applicable SRCC documents. If the system has been certified under a testing authority other than SRCC, the SRCC warranty requirements will prevail.
Full parts and labor warranty includes, but is not limited to, any and all component failure(s). whether it is covered by the original manufacturer or not; any and all installation-related malfunction(s); any and all high-temperature problems(s) including those related to water quality. Any manufacturer's warranty(ies) are in addition to, not in lieu of, the installation warranty requirements. Warranty is not required to cover problems resulting from exposure to harmful materials and chemicals, fire, flood, lightning, hurricane, tornado, hailstorm, earthquake, or other acts of God, vandalism, alteration of system by anyone not authorized by the installation company, or any other cause beyond the control of the installation company.
b. The installation company will provide a full parts and labor warranty against any and all freeze-damaged component(s) for five (5) years. This includes freeze damage due to water quality problems and component failures.
Note b.1: Ambient temperatures below 4 degrees C (39 degrees F) can cause freeze damage to solar collectors, transport pipe and other system components. These cold temperatures and freezing conditions are common throughout the state of Arizona and are not considered an act of God. All freeze damaged system components are subject to the freeze warranty as specified above.
Noteb.2: The freeze protection on some system types can be accidentally disabled by the user. Since this condition is intrinsic in the system design, freeze damage due to accidental disabling by the user is not cause for indemnification of the installing company. The installation company is specifically responsible for any freeze damage due to accidental disabling of the freeze protection.
Note b.3: The freeze protection on some system types can be rendered less effective or completely useless due to electric power failures at the system site. Since this condition is intrinsic in the system design, freeze damage due to lack of electric power at the system site is not cause for indemnification of the installing company. The installing company is specifically responsible for any freeze damage due to electric power failure at the system site.
For all solar heating systems, the purchaser must be furnished with a written statement of certification (see A), a statement of performance which include what general thermal performance the purchaser can expect from the system under typical conditions (see B), and a statement of warranty coverage (see C). This is in addition to, not in lieu of, all information required to be given to the purchaser by the product and system test certification documents (SRCC OG-300 or equal).
This is your source for solar and renewable energy information in Arizona. Explore various technologies, including photovoltaics, solar water heating, solar architecture, solar cooking and wind power. Keep up to date on the latest industry news. Follow relevant lectures, expositions and tours. Whether you are a homeowner looking to become more energy efficient, a student learning the science behind the technologies or an industry professional, you will find valuable information here.
About The Arizona Solar Center
Arizona Solar Center Mission- The mission of the Arizona Solar Center is to enhance the utilization of renewable energy, educate Arizona's residents on solar technology developments, support commerce and industry in the development of solar and other sustainable technologies and coordinate these efforts throughout the state of Arizona. About the Arizona Solar Center- The Arizona Solar Center (AzSC) provides a broad-based understanding of solar energy, especially as it pertains to Arizona. Registered…	Read More
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A series of short documentaries on the history of solar in Arizona. Use arrows to see all 9.
200 B.C.
The Hoholam Tribe knew well the ways of the sun
Inventors: Civilization could endure by turning to solar energy
Many attempts to put the heat of the sun to work powering motors
US Cavalry employed the heliograph during hostilities
Aubrey Eneas invented the Eneas Engine
The Day and Night Solar Water Heater
Discovery of the Silicon Solar Cell
Commercialization of the Silicon Solar Cell
The Rooftops of America are Tapped
Old site link
We thank the following AzSC Sponsors:


text:
Q: PhoneGap Text to Speech (CrossPlatform) plugin I would like to make my PhoneGap (crossplatform IOS/Android) app talk when needed.
I found some TTS plugin - https://build.phonegap.com/plugins/863
But from the documentations It's not quite understandable how to connect and use it.
I unziped the plugin to plugins/ folder and added this line to config.xml file -
<plugin name="org.tt.plugin.tts" spec="1" source="pgb" />

And not sure what's next.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Perley-Robertson Hill & McDougall
Personal Legal Needs
Support for Small Cideries in Ontario – An Overview of the 2017-2018 Small Cidery Program Guidelines
By Paul A. Lalonde
Support for Small Cideries in Ontario – An Overview of the 2017-2018 Small Cidery Program Guidelines – Paul A. Lalonde, Business Law Lawyer
Earlier this year, the Ontario Ministers of Finance and of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs announced their intention to make it easier for small cideries and small distilleries to grow their businesses.[1] To achieve this objective, the Ministers announced that the province intends on investing $4.9 million over three years for the new "Ontario Small Cidery and Small Distillery Support Program". The program is said to be designed to provide eligible businesses with support to grow and scale up their operations, including hiring more staff and purchasing new equipment. This program builds on other recent alcoholic beverage industry initiatives introduced both federally and provincially in Parliament and the Ontario Legislature.[2]
On October 1, 2017, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs released guidelines[3] for the new Small Cidery Program (the "Guidelines"). The program will be delivered by Agricorp, an agency of the Ontario Government, and made available to alcoholic cider producers with production of less than 3 million litres of alcohol cider annually available for sale in Ontario. The Guidelines defines alcoholic cider as being "wine that: a) is produced from a minimum of 70% Ontario apple or pear content, or from the concentrated juice of apples or pears 70% of which are from Ontario, to which herbs, water, honey or sugar may be added; b) is not Fruit Wine; and c) has an alcohol content that does not exceed 13% absolute alcohol by volume". According to the program Guidelines, to be eligible to apply for funding, applicants are required to meet all of the following criteria:
Be a sole proprietor, corporation, partnership or unincorporated association. Articles of Incorporation or other acceptable proof of legal name and status must be made available to Agricorp upon request;
Be a Licensed Cidery;
Hold a valid LCBO Direct Delivery Authorization if direct delivery sales of Alcoholic Cider are made;
Produce Alcoholic Cider that is made with a minimum of 70 percent Ontario apple or pear content and is sold by the LCBO;
Meet the definition of Small Cidery based on production in the last 12 months prior to applying to the Program;
Have less than 4.5 million litres of Worldwide Alcoholic Cider Production in the last 12 months prior to applying to the Program, including production by Affiliated Licensed Cideries and Contract Production, but not including Contract Bottling/Canning;
Submit a completed application form by the date indicated in these Guidelines;
Agree to comply with the terms and conditions of the Program as set out in these Guidelines;
Be in compliance with and remain in compliance with all federal, provincial and municipal applicable laws.
Pursuant to the Guidelines, eligible applicants may receive a grant of up to $0.74 per litre of alcoholic cider sold in Ontario (excluding sales through wine retail stores or wine boutiques) between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016, up to a maximum of $220,000.00 per year.
Eligible applicants will however, be subject to certain limitations. Aside from the maximum grant of $220,000.00, eligible applicants whose alcoholic cider sales exceed 1.5 million litres per year will face reduced payments and/or a phase-out mechanism designed to reduce the size of the grant proportionate to the volume of sales above 1.5 million litres. It should also be noted that applicants who sold more than 3 million litres per year in Ontario will no longer be eligible to receive any payments under the grant program. Moreover, the grants received by eligible applicants will also be subject to a program cap, meaning that if the maximum annual amount of grant funding available to all recipients is exceeded, each grant will be prorated accordingly as to not exceed the program cap.
The application period is set to close on November 1, 2017. Although the Small Cidery Program's success is yet to be tested, it has the potential to be an important resource for small cideries looking to grow their operations and stay competitive. This grant program, along with the other recent initiatives referred to above, are certainly encouraging developments for small businesses in the alcoholic beverages industry.
Paul A. Lalonde is a lawyer in the firm's Business Law Group. He can be reached at plalonde@perlaw.ca or 613.566.2845.
[1] Growing Small Cider and Spirits Producers' Business, Ministry of Finance, Ontario Newsroom, March 7, 2017, Online: <https://news.ontario.ca/mof/en/2017/03/growing-small-cider-and-spirits-producers-businesses.html>.
[2] Conor Cronin, "New Bills Introduced to the Craft Beverage Industry", Perley-Robertson, Hill & McDougall LLP/s.r.l., August 17, 2016, Online: <https://www.perlaw.ca/en/newsroom/publications/2016/8/17/new-bills-introduced-to-the-craft-beverage-industry>.
[3] "The Small Cidery and Small Distillery Support Program: Small Cidery Program Guidelines 2017-2018", Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, October 1, 2017, Online: <http://www.agricorp.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/SmallCidery-ProgramGuidelines-en.pdf>.
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When the back to school paperwork crazy time hits, I make sure that I am READY for my school's sneak a peek night. I do what I can to get the back to school paperwork mountain tamed before school starts. I don't want to start off sending paperwork home every single night.
Is anyone else exhausted? This was my first week back with kids and seriously… I'm pretty sure that I block that out every year or else I wouldn't be able to come back!
I'll get right to it! Here is my classroom tour for the 2014-2015 school year.
Monday Made-It: From Flop to Fab!


text:
Cray Inc., uma subsidiária da Hewlett Packard Enterprise, é uma empresa produtora de supercomputadores com sede em Seatle. A companhia chamava-se anteriormente Cray Research, Inc. (CRI), foi fundada em 1972 pelo projetista de computadores Seymour Cray. Seymour Cray passou a formar o spin-off Cray Computer Corporation (CCC), em 1989, que faliu em 1995, enquanto Cray Research foi comprada pela Silicon Graphics, no ano seguinte. A Cray Inc. nasceu em 2000 quando a companhia Tera Computer comprou a Cray Research Inc. da SGI e adotou o nome de sua aquisição.

Subsidiária da Hewlett Packard Enterprise: 2019-presente
Em 25 de setembro de 2019, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise adquiriu a empresa.

Ligações externas
Cray Manuals Library @ Computing History
Cray Manuals at bitsavers.org
Cray, Inc. Corporate Website
Cray Wiki
Historic Cray Research Marketing Materials at the Computer History Museum
spring 2007 technical workshop
XD1 Overview
Cray Research and Cray Inc. history
Cray-Cyber.org - Working Cray machines with free login
Yahoo! - Cray Inc. Company Profile
Top 500 Supercomputers
Fred Gannett's Cray Supercomputer FAQ
Cray User Group
Cray Research Alumni Site
DigiBarn Computer Museum: Cray Supercomputers and Memorabilia
Cray está localizada nas seguintes coordenadas
HPE completes acquisition of supercomputing leader Cray Inc.
U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) El Capitan is powered by HPE's Cray Shasta architecture to support critical NNSA missions
HPE Cray Perlmutter

Empresas fundadas em 1972

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


PGA West is one of California's most famous Country Clubs. We offer a large variety of Vacation Rentals on PGA West – La Quinta. Our private homes range from two to five bedrooms. The famous PGA West Stadium Course is right out your back door. In addition to word-class golf, guests enjoy three clubhouses, a health spa, and racquet club.
Book your Dream Vacation to PGA West!
© 2018 Luxury Leasing Vacation Rentals All rights reserved.


The Hepworth Wakefield and Wolverhampton Art Gallery, in association with Film and Video Umbrella, were winners of the 2010 Contemporary Art Society Annual Award for Museums for their proposal with artist Luke Fowler. The starting point for Fowler's research and new film work are the writings and rarely-seen archive materials from the radical socialists Edward Palmer Thompson, Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart.
Join Frances Guy (Head of Collections and Exhibitions, The Hepworth Wakefield) and Lucy Byatt (Head of National Programme, Contemporary Art Society) for a talk about Fowler's new film and the Annual Museums Award.
This event is part of a series of events programmed by the Contemporary Art Society in the North West. Membership costs £50 per year / £25 for students.
If you are not yet a member and would like to join, or to receive further information about the organisation and its activities, please contact Mark Doyle at mark@contemporaryartsociety.org or call 07891 880 498.


Why a Nearsite Health Center?
Your employer wants to make it simpler and better to get and stay healthy. That's why we're working with your company to provide a new healthcare option, really complete health and wellness services close to your office. We've designed everything to get rid of the friction of going to the doctor so it's simple to experience care the way you want it.
Crossover Health is a physician-led team of providers who deliver comprehensive primary care for your body and your mind. It's the care and the people you need when you're not well and also when you want to really live well.
We connect and integrate every aspect of how we work and what you experience to make it seamless. You and everyone on your team work from the same information, so your care is coordinated, informed and personal.
Convenient hours? Same or next-day appointments? Of course. Online scheduling and prescriptions? Done. Communicating with your provider remotely? Built into how we work and available 24/7.
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Joe R. Lansdale – Edge Of Dark Water Book Review
David Sherbrook	 September 12, 2012 Leave a comment
Joe R. Lansdale is by and large one of the most unique and often glossed over writers of his time. His books evoke a sense of wonder and bewilderment among readers whilst being smart, coy and hilarious. From horror to sci-fi to westerns and everything in between, Lansdale is a truly inspiring and unique voice in narrative fiction.
With his newest novel, Edge Of Dark Water, Joe once again returns to the bottoms of East Texas with this young adult (emphasis on adult) tale, much like his previous works A Fine Dark Line, The Bottoms, and The Boar. The story is told from the point of view of 16 year old Sue Ellen Wilson, a wry and cunning teenager on the cusp of puberty trapped in a po-dunk town in East Texas. Her father is an abusive ignoramus, whose idea of a good time is beating her near-comatose alcoholic mother or "fishing" with electrical wires and a club. Sue Ellen's mother, as stated, is addicted to a drink known as "cure-all", which is basically a lewd form of moonshine disguised as medicine. Under its spell, she rarely leaves her bed, leaving Sue Ellen to fend for herself, effectively making her much older than her years.
Sue Ellen's best friends don't come any further apart for the time and place of the story. Terry is an intelligent and articulate "sissy" (read: gay) with a heart of gold and a curious sense of devotion to the ones he loves. Then there's Jinx, a rambunctious black girl with a lip as wry and spiteful as they come. She's uppity and charismatic and not afraid to speak her mind, which is usually contradictory to most everyone else's. With eccentricities abound, EODW becomes an interesting and oftentimes funny story.
The story begins as Sue Ellen and Terry are fishing down by the river with Sue Ellen's father Don and uncle Gene. Much to their surprise (not so much the reader's) they accidentally reel in the body of Sue Ellen's schoolmate and friend May Lynn. She's fully clothed and has a sewing machine tied around her ankles with wire. Right from the get-go it's apparent just what kind of townspeople we're dealing with: Don and Gene would just as soon throw her back in the water sight unseen, while the town constable, Constable Sy, figures it an inconvenience to have to come haul her out, asking Don why he didn't just throw her back in the water instead of making some kind of scene.
From there the story takes on an oddly Huck Finn like quality as we learn that May Lynn, by far the prettiest girl in town, had always aspired to be an actress and move out to Hollywood. Terry, hellbent and making sure she sees her dream through, even in death, concocts a plan to dig up her body, cremate it and take the ashes to Hollywood via the river. It gets more interesting, as the youngsters soon find out that May Lynn's late brother Jake, a bank robber, had stowed away some cash with the intent of giving it to May Lynn. As any vivacious threesome of teenagers on the lam would do, they decide to dig up the money and use it to get them all the way to merry ol' land of Hollywood.
Of course, nothing is as cut and dry as it seemed on paper. Once May Lynn's psychotic father Cletus gets wind of the stolen money, he sicks Constable Sy, Sue Ellen's father and uncle, and a mysterious and terrifying character named Skunk, who is rumored to live in the woods and be an expert tracker and killer, keeping the hands of his victims as trophies. No one knows if he actually exists, and most believe he is just a myth, but mere mention of his name sends goosebumps all along the spines of not only the young kids, but the reader as well. Lansdale does a superb job of crafting a haunting and esoteric madman whose mythos is stomach-churning whether he is real or not.
What Lansdale succeeds the most at in this tale, which has come to be expected with his work, is tone and voice. He expertly sets the reader in the mind of Sue Ellen, taking every painstaking detail, down to the southern drawl and misuse of language and grammar, to make her character really jump off the page as a level-headed and sympathetic character. Almost effortlessly, you are entwined in the time and place of story, as if you've been there all along.
He also brilliantly unravels the main characters, turning seemingly one dimensional hum drums (Sue Ellen's mom, for example) into fully realized and intriguing characters, each with their own talents and expertise, making them a veritable band of crafty miscreants who spit in the face of danger. Along the way we also meet a handful of other eccentrics, including a Southern Baptist Reverend who takes in the clan for an extended stay, and a vicious and lonely old woman who takes them as slaves to do her housework. It's never predictable, but always enjoyable.
As expected, Lansdale has knocked yet another one out of the park. Though I much prefer his Hap and Leonard series, it's his standalone novels that really showcase his talents and versatility as a writer, and EODW is no exception. He's always got something intelligent and witty to say and always says it in the most creative way possible. With EODW, he's showing us a tale of innocence lost (if it ever really existed) and adolescent discovery from the point of view of the pioneer. He made me feel like I was 16 again, instilling an overflowing sense of wonder and awe into my otherwise jaded and cynical mindset. For this he is a master craftsman, and if you're a fan of adventure and darkness, you'd be a darned fool not to pick this one up.
Edge of Dark Water – 9.1/10
a fine dark line
edge of dark water
joe lansdale
the boar
the bottoms
David Sherbrook
I hate writing about myself, so this is what you get: I'm 26 years old, have an unhealthy obsession with grindcore, write and direct horror(ish) films with my production company Infested Films, read like it's going out of style, blast beat on the drums, and love me some good whiskey. I write about what I like and sometimes what I don't. Whether or not you like it... Well, that's up to you.
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Дигори-изад (, ) — пещера святилище в скале к северо-востоку от сел. Задалеск.

Описание
К пещере-святилищу Дигори-изад из селения Задалеск ведет тропа, петляющая среди известняковых глыб. Это небольшая пещера, вход в которую закрыт каменной стеной и дверью. Темнеющая полость пещеры на фоне серых известняков, образующих гигантский эскарп, поросший зелеными соснами и можжевельниками, просматривается из сел. Задалеск.

Пещера расположена на высоте около 1200 метров над уровнем моря. Входная часть ее треугольной формы, шириной до 6 и высотой до 12 м. Здесь же устроен навес, где хранится множество оленьих рогов. Верхняя часть рогов под действием лучей солнца и дождя побелела, а нижняя закопчена. На сучковатом стволе висит множество амулетов, вырезанных из дерева, другие предметы культового назначения (небольшая икона). В левом углу входного зала в глубине видны обвальные глыбы, возле которых скопление черепов и рогов, присыпанных вековым слоем пыли.

Литература

Словари

Осетинская мифология
Пещеры Северной Осетии


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Now reading: SPACE JAM: A NEW LEGACY
Welcome to the Jam – GAME ON!
It's time for tip off.
NBA champion and global icon LeBron James goes on an epic adventure alongside timeless Tune Bugs Bunny with the animated/live-action event "Space Jam: A New Legacy," from director Malcolm D. Lee and an innovative filmmaking team including Ryan Coogler and Maverick Carter.
Checkout the mashup of two worlds that reveals just how far some parents will go to connect with their kids. When LeBron and his young son Dom are trapped in a digital space by a rogue A.I., LeBron must get them home safe by leading Bugs, Lola Bunny and the whole gang of notoriously undisciplined Looney Tunes to victory over the A.I.'s digitized champions on the court: a powered-up roster of professional basketball stars as you've never seen them before.
It's Tunes versus Goons in the highest-stakes challenge of his life, that will redefine LeBron's bond with his son and shine a light on the power of being yourself. The ready-for-action Tunes destroy convention, supercharge their unique talents and surprise even "King" James by playing the game their own way.
James stars alongside Oscar nominee Don Cheadle (the "Avengers" films, "Hotel Rwanda"), Khris Davis ("Judas and the Black Messiah," TV's "Atlanta"), Sonequa Martin-Green (TV's "The Walking Dead," "Star Trek: Discovery"), newcomer Cedric Joe, Jeff Bergman ("Looney Tunes Cartoons") and Eric Bauza ("Looney Tunes Cartoons")
Tunes vs. Goons.
Watch LeBron James and Bugs Bunny in the new official trailer for
https://youtu.be/olXYZOsXw_o
In theaters and streaming on HBO Max* – July 16.
#SpaceJamMovie