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Emma Hinchliffe
"Well behaved women rarely make history…"
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Author: emmarh89
Henry VIII, nationalist icon or global prince?: A tale of two portraits.
May 15, 2017 May 17, 2017 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
Henry VIII lived in unprecedented times, partly of his own making and partly not. Two massive cultural moments define the period in which he ruled – The Reformation and The Age of Discovery – but only one of them has fixed the monarch's subsequent image in popular memory.
Henry's role in the Protestant Reformation has seen the king and his reign heralded as an origin story of English Nationalism. He was the monarch who freed England from the tyranny of Rome, who brought renewed military glory against the old enemy – the French – and who started the process of building the navy that was to become the envy (and menace) of the entire world.
But Henry also operated in a uniquely global context. He came of age, and to the throne, when the fundamentals of European knowledge about the world were being swept away. In 1492, a new continent had been discovered, and by 1498 Europeans had found a direct Sea route to the Indies that opened a treasure trove of exotic goods and spices. This no doubt had a significant effect on the king and his perception of his place in, and relationship to, the wider world. This side of Henry, however, has been little discussed both academically and in the popular sphere. When compared to his rival monarchs on the continent he has been painted as rather uninterested and disengaged with the global times he lived in.
To the contrary, Henry had many cosmopolitan connections and spent considerable money, time, and effort projecting himself visually and materially as a monarch intimately engaged with and interested in the growing early modern globe.
To think of Henry and his court as inherently nationalist is thus an anachronism, largely born of the C19 Whig tradition that privileged these elements of his persona in the writing of the period. If you were to walk into one of the King's many palaces, at Hampton Court or Whitehall, you would not find a bunch of 'little Englander's' decked out in badges of Saint George, sat at a table gorging on ale and pork pies. These same men would also be decked out in the finest venetian velvet, drinking out of cups with 'Moorish design' and enjoying a feast seasoned with spices from the far most corners of the globe. They may also be seated on top of a fine ottoman carpet, surrounded by a Flemish tapestry depicting voyages to the other side of the word.
The tale of the two Henrys – the national emblem and the cosmopolitan prince – and their legacy, is perhaps best summed up in a tale of two portraits, both painted by Hans Holbein the younger. The Whitehall Mural (1537) and The Ambassadors Portrait (1533.)
The Whitehall Mural is the most enduring and probably the most important image we have of the king.
Reproduction of the Whitehall Mural, originally painted by Hans Holbein the younger c.1537.
It is this representation that has so strongly fixed the image of Henry as national hero. Painted in 1537 to commemorate the break from Rome and the birth of what was to be (infuriatingly) Henry's only male heir, Prince Edward, it was designed as a powerful statement of national dynasty. It depicts Henry, his third wife, Jane Seymour, and his parents King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York stood around a classically designed monument. Henry dominates the mural. Standing at the forefront – face on, legs apart, hands on hips, dominant codpiece – he projects sovereign power and independence. This message is further cemented by the inscription on the plinth that recalls the glory of his achievements and invokes England's independence from Rome. It reads "The son, born indeed for greater tasks, from the altar removed the unworthy and put worthy men in their place." The 'Whitehall Henry' went on to become the prototype for most subsequent images of the monarch, and at the mention of his name is likely the first image that comes to mind, bringing with it all the connotations of sovereign national power and even pride.
However, there is another image, almost as famous as The Whitehall Mural that alludes to the more cosmopolitan reality of Henry's persona, but has failed to become as closely associated with the monarch as it should be.
The Ambassadors, Hans Holbein the Younger, c.1533, The National Gallery, London.
The Ambassadors portrait is a tour de force of renaissance global achievement and enterprise. It is an image of two cosmopolitan individuals bound up in an exciting and unprecedented global moment. Its sitters, two Frenchman, Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, are surrounded by the technology and spoils of discovery. There are globes, compasses, and a beautiful oriental carpet. What is less celebrated, or even discussed, is that this work was painted at Westminster Abbey when de Dinteville was on mission to Henry's court as the King of France's ambassador. The culture of this portrait was also Henry's world. In fact, many of the items on display were not owned by the sitters but were lent by individuals extremely close to the king. The polyhedral sundial almost definitely belonged to Nicholas Kratzer, Henry's court astronomer. The same dial appears in Holbien's earlier portrait of him painted in 1528.
The polyhedral sundial from The Ambassadors.
Nicholas Kratzer, Hans Holbein the younger, 1528.
Moreover, the terrestrial globe bears a striking resemblance to Martin von Behaim's 'Erdapfel' (earth apple), the first of its kind made c.1493 as a pitching prop for German merchants selling their enterprises to wealthy potential patrons. Both Kratzer and Holbien had very close links to this community in London, so it is not unlikely that they may have lent a version of the globe for this occasion.
The tale of these two portraits is indicative of how the King's image as a cosmopolitan monarch has been largely overwritten by his national persona and the 'Whitehall Henry.'
Why may this have been the case?
Today, when we think of the national and the global they are not the easiest of bedfellows. This has never been clearer than in the political environment of 2016-2017 – the year of Brexit and of Trump – where the new division being written is between the 'nationalists' and the 'globalists.' Could it be that this modern paradigm, which attempts to force a choice between one or the other, is distorting our understanding of these concepts and how they operated during the first global age?
When we look at Henry, a king defining what it meant to be English in an increasingly global context – we see both a national emblem and a cosmopolitan king with little contradiction. Rather, these discourses operated within the same cultural web. If we take another look at that most 'nationalist' of images, the Whitehall Mural, this reality is clear. The mise en scène is distinctly cosmopolitan. Henry et al are stood on an Ottoman carpet and surrounded by ornate architectural forms that would be at home as much in an eastern palace as a western one. Read in this way, the 'Whitehall mural' remains a powerful image of English identity but it also suggests that cosmopolitanism may be far more embedded in the national than we are encouraged to think, and perhaps this is an important reminder that in our own modern world the choice doesn't' have to be one or the other.
***New Documentary series*** Bollywood and Bolsheviks: Indo-Soviet Collaboration in Literature and Film 1954-1991
March 29, 2017 March 29, 2017 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
The culmination of six months work here are three short documentaries I completed for my friend and colleague Jessica Bachman's exhibit of the same title.
This exciting project explores collaboration between the USSR and India from 1954-1991 and its cultural effects.
The films each look at a different aspect of this dynamic exchange.
'Bollywood Blockbusters in the USSR' explores the popularity of Indian film in the Soviet block.
'Soviet Stories in Indian Homes' looks at the impact of Russian literary efforts in India.
'Readers Respond' focuses on the impact of soviet literature on Indian readers now residing in Seattle, Washington.
These films are being shown as part of the exhibit, alongside many other oral history interviews. The exhibit is currently on display in Suzzallo/Allen library at the University of Washington.
Swing by if you can and I hope you enjoy!
For more information see http://www.bollywoodandbolsheviks.com
Henry VIII and English Cosmopolitanism
January 27, 2017 January 27, 2017 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
I've finally reached the stage in my academic career where I get to make my own original contribution to scholarship, and ideally to the publics understanding of this most infamous monarch!
I'm really excited about this project – titled 'Henry VIII and English cosmopolitanism.' The dissertation will explore how King Henry VIII of England (you know the one with all the wives) cultivated an image of himself as a worldly, outward looking king, in order to challenge the persistent notion that Henry and his court were inherently insular and nationalistic.
This project intends to explore the relationship between the global and the national as reflected in Henry's performance of Kingship. It begs important questions about their co-existence and interdependence, questions which have continued significance in our own global age that struggles with the nations place within it.
Could it have been that Henry was both a national monarch and a worldly king? Why have we come to assume that these two ideas are somehow contradictory? And how do these discourses continue to effect British national identity? I hope my work can shed some light on these ideas.
I'll also be building a 360 tour of Hampton court palace as part of this project and of course I aim to make it into a doc!
For those interested here is my prospectus which provides a detailed explanation of the goals and scope of this project.
hinchliffe-prospectus-henry-viii-and-english-cosmopolitanism
November 29, 2016 November 29, 2016 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
This site was starting to look neglected so I thought i'd give you all an update.
The radio silence has mainly been due to the fact that i'm currently working on my dissertation proposal which i'll be uploading once completed.
I'm really excited about this project – titled 'Henry VIII and the performance of worldly kingship.' The dissertation will explore how King Henry VIII of England (you know the one with all the wives) cultivated an image of himself as a worldly, outward looking king, in order to challenge the persistent notion that Henry and his court were inherently insular and nationalistic.
Now back to the prospectus!
October 5, 2016 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
My latest film project looks at the life of Transplants living in Seattle and how the are implicated in the massive gentrification of the city.
**New Video** – Arcaro Boxing
June 28, 2016 June 28, 2016 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
One of the results of my year at the Northwest Film Forum.
Arcaro Boxing is a boxing gym located on Capitol Hill. It's owner Trisha is a fierce advocate for the value of community, women's rights, and the healing power of the art of boxing .
I was lead editor on the project.
Credits as follows:
Director – Claire Busse
Lead Editor – Emma Hinchliffe
Second Editor – Claire Busse
Director of Photography – David Stair
Sound – Sarah Wrainright
Producer – Caterina de re
Reflections on the revolution in the Anglosphere…..
June 9, 2016 June 9, 2016 ~ emmarh89 ~ 1 Comment
"There were no revolutionary circumstances, but rather a revolution that reacted to circumstance." – Francois Furet on the French Revolution.
The Trump and Sander's movements stem from a similar shift in historical consciousness to that which Francois Furet highlighted as unleashing the French Revolution. Americans feel like the current political system has failed them, it no longer works. Hence the establishment needs to go. This same stirring of consciousness is happening in Europe. The juggernaut in Brussels continues to grow and antagonism continues to rise. Marine Le Pen's National Front is now one of the largest political forces in France, Austria very narrowly avoided electing a right wing president. Instead they went for a member of the Green party and not an establishment candidate. .
Something is stirring, and I can't help but get the feeling that we are living in historically significant times. As a British permanent resident of the US I can't vote in this country, but if I could, I think I'd feel stuck between a rock and a hard place. Two of the candidates offer, in different forms, a revolution. This frightens me. As Furet's quote attests, once unleashed these movements have a momentum all of their own. Checks and balances go out the window, if you aren't for the revolution, if you don't tow the party line, you are its enemy. The third candidate offers little solution, but rather a continuation of the type of politics that bred this shift in the first place.
It is not yet clear whether this conscious break has gone far and spread deep enough to make revolution in one form or another inevitable. But I pray this isn't so and have hope that it may be avoided. What I believe the Anglosphere needs is not a revolution, but a return. A return to the foundations of individual sovereignty on which both America and Britain were founded. We need to put the individual's basic natural rights back at the center of politics. Without this we can't help but feel failed by the system. Without this we can't help but fall into revolution and all its attendant violence.
The failure of modern politics has been its steady move away from these principles. This is also why the French Revolution failed. The people of 1789 hoped for a revolution that would give man his natural rights after centuries of oppression by the Old Regime, but by creating a system that placed sovereignty in the state and not in themselves, they actually gave up their ability to exercise them. Robespierre's revolutionary government forged itself as a moral body. The state dictated what equality and 'rights' would look like. Unlike the American system, it was not a government principally designed to protect individuals and to legislate against the actions of those who threatened their wellbeing. It also took on the job of policing 'morality," with notoriously bloody consequences.
Our current governments have morphed more and more into the French model. They enact policies that don't protect individual rights and freedoms but rather restrict them based on ideas of what the state itself deems to be right or wrong. This is not to say that the government should never do this, but rather that this should only be the case when a fundamental right is in danger. For example, a person should never be discriminated against simply due to their gender or race, but it is not the government's job to tell me or anyone that it is wrong to drink a certain size soda, or that it is now illegal to use my dependable vacuum cleaner because it's now deemed "too powerful." No matter how futile these examples may seem it is dictatorial policies like these, and the way they make individuals feel, that has led to the dissolution with the current system. This has caused many to seek radical alternatives, whether that be on the right or the left. And what is most scary about the revolutions offered by both Trump and Sanders is that they threaten to fix the 'morality' of the state more firmly on one side or the other. Pure democracy in a sovereign state, rather than in a state made up of sovereign individuals IS democracy by the guillotine.
The word return will likely scare many people that read this, it brings up notions of regression, of going back to an age when the rights of many individuals were not recognized. To advocate for the importance of natural rights embedded in historical documents such as the American Constitution or the British Bill of Rights as the way to regain a healthy government apparatus is not to advocate for a return to those time periods. The world is a very different place from 1689 and 1776. Centuries of civil rights movements have, and continue to remind us, that natural rights cannot be exclusive or restrictive by their very being.
Really, return isn't the word I'm looking for, how can we return to something that is transcendent? Rather, we need to re-orientate ourselves to these fundamental notions of what it means to be free. This brings me to the EU. The EU model is fundamentally antithetical to the Anglo tradition of individual sovereignty. It is a top down system that draws up laws then asks later. The people answer to the commission, the commission does not answer to the people. Of course there are many who will disagree with me, who will believe that for them the role of government should be to wield a heavy paternalist hand over its 'peoples.' That is not freedom to me, that is not equality for anyone, and that is why I will be voting to leave on June 23rd. Britain finds itself in the unique position were we have an opportunity to halt the tide of further radicalization, resentment, and division. The choice on June 23rd is a choice between a revolution or a re-orientation, a stemming or an opening of the floodgates. Even if Britain chooses to stay (and if they do I pray that choice is respected by those that disagree,) I can't see the EU continuing as it is. A shift is coming. I just hope it's the right one.
America doesn't appear to have it as lucky as Britain. Whatever happens in the American election, it's looking like the individual will lose out. But perhaps Americans can also reflect on the significance of these times to push for a third way. The Anglosphere would do very well to take heed of the advice of one of its most eminent politicians. When asked about the enforcement of her religious settlement in England Elizabeth I quipped "I would not open windows into men's souls." Though not wholesale, Elizabeth brought a semblance of peace and prosperity to England that it had not seen in years of bloody religious war. Perhaps if we were to once again make this notion an intrinsic part of our political outlook we too can avoid revolution and all its unyielding forces.
Storytellers – link to article
June 1, 2016 June 1, 2016 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
Storytellers: A History Grad Student Ventures into the World of Film Emma Hinchliffe is a second year PhD student at the University of Washington. She is just about to start work on her dissertatio…
Source: Emma Hinchliffe
A Day In The Life….
October 28, 2015 ~ emmarh89 ~ Leave a comment
A short lighthearted film I completed as part of my work at The Northwest Film Forum.
Isn't my week so interesting?!
My answer to the 'The Quarter Life Crisis' – Don't overthink it!
September 11, 2015 September 11, 2015 ~ emmarh89 ~ 1 Comment
People sometimes tell me I have a lot going for myself. When they do, more than often I think – I'm 25, soon to be 26, unmarried with no prospects of being so anytime soon, financially unstable, no career to speak of and have troubled relations with family – what are these people talking about?
Then I think why am I doing this? Should I not be taking the compliment and focusing on the positives they are clearly referencing? I'm also very well educated, have successfully started a new life in America, have great relationships with great people, and have tenaciously been pursuing my career of choice….
Why am I telling myself that this is not 'good enough'?
To many the idea of 'a quarter life crisis' may sound frivolous or even laughable. At 25 you're young, have limited responsibilities, are at your most attractive and usually most healthy. What do you have to complain about? But regardless of whether these fears are justifiable comparatively, they do exist.So many of my friends suffer or have suffered from these same self doubts and anxieties as me. People who I see as wonderful, successful, attractive, kind people, but who continue to see themselves as 'not enough.' They should have a serious partner by now, the should be working somewhere better, they should just be 'doing more'…..
And this got me to thinking, why should they be, or more correctly why do they believe they should?
Firstly I blame The Renaissance! The Renaissance was undoubtedly a historical turning point that brought many positive changes. It was an age where for the first time individuals began to believe that their world 'was enough', and that the purpose of life went beyond survival and preparation for death – which had been the prevailing social paradigm of the middle ages. But with this renewed positivity came a whole new host of anxieties. The idea that an individual could be important and do something of matter in their lifetime that was not predetermined by the position in which they were born, opened up a huge Pandora's box of opportunity but also expectation. What should they be doing? What if they never do anything of significance? What if they waste the opportunity to 'do more'? It is these same anxieties that plague many adults in their mid twenties today.
Secondly, and more seriously, I blame the phrase 'you can have it all.' Earlier this year the New York Times ran an article on the history of this oft repeated mantra (New York Times, The complicated origins of having it all) Originally a moniker of successful young women the 1980's, it positively defined a women who was wealthy, had lots of sex, lots of money, and a satisfying job. Despite it's fairly humble beginnings as book title, this aspirational image of 'having it all' has had far wider implications that go beyond women and betray the positive intentions in which it was originally coined.
The pressure to 'have it all' has put unrealistic and unfounded expectations on young people. We are told that we need to be successful and to be hitting certain 'life goals' earlier and earlier if we are to 'have it all.' It has become such a compelling idea that we forget to ask first what is it all? And more importantly do we actually want it? Some may, but many will not. And that's OK.
So what's the answer to dealing with this crisis?
A person close to me recently brought up the phrase 'analysis paralysis' in a conversation we were having about this very topic – the idea that all this overthinking of what we should be doing to 'get it all', actually gets in the way of us getting what we want. If analysis paralysis is the problem then the answer is don't overthink it!
I'm not saying that we shouldn't care or put serious thought into what we are doing, or that we shouldn't have lofty goals that will take a lot of work to reach. Everyone wants to make their mark on the world and should purse that desire, but the important thing to remember is that it should be their unique mark, not the mark they are told to leave or aim for.
My advice..find out what YOU love and as long is it makes you happy without hurting others pursue it. Pursuing what you love is a mark of success in itself, not where this pursuit may lead or how how much money or recognition it may get you. If you don't desire a conventional relationship….have the relationship you want, with who you want. If you do want marriage and kids go for it. If you want to give up a big pay check for a career where you can more fully be you and express yourself…..go for it. If you really want to eat that slice of cake even though your not the perfect ten…eat it! You really want to loose five pounds…get that gym membership.
If we don't take the time to look into ourselves and really think about what we want it becomes so easy to get lost in the distressing pursuit of searching for what society thinks we should have – it all! And if we do make the conscious effort not to overthink every decision or action, and focus instead on our own desires/passions we can have ALL that we want. Surely that's 'good enough.'
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Horst Koehler, envoy of the U.N. secretary-general for Western Sahara, talks to reporters after a two-day round of talks on ending the Western Sahara conflict, at U.N. offices in Geneva, March 22, 2019.
A second round of U.N.-mediated talks aimed at solving the Western Sahara conflict has ended with no resolution, but with an agreement by the Moroccan and the Polisario Front delegations to meet again.
"Nobody should expect a quick outcome, because many positions are still fundamentally diverging," he said. "At the same time, being able to listen to each other, even when things get controversial, is an important step to build trust."
Khatri Addouh, leader of the Sahrawi delegation and the Polisario Front, gestures as he talks to reporters after a two-day round of talks on ending the Western Sahara conflict, at U.N. offices in Geneva, March 22, 2019.
"The costs of this conflict, in terms of human suffering, lack of prospects for the youth and security risks, are far too high to be accepted," he said. "Therefore, we must not relent in our search for a compromise."


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Q: Set variable position for geom_segment based on the input data I am trying to add a vertical line to my plot that serves as reference line for the performance of the benchmark method. However, I cannot figure out how I can define the y-value based on my data.
Here is a completely reproducible example with the desired plot:
library(tidyverse)
set.seed(16)
tibble("X"=rep(c("Reference.A", "1.A", "2.A", "Reference.B", "1.B", "2.B"),3),
       "Decision"=c(rep("Type 1",6),rep("Type 2",6),rep("Type 3",6)),
       "Outcome"=c(rnorm(n=6,mean=50,sd=5),rnorm(n=6,mean=30,sd=5),rnorm(n=6,mean=20,sd=5))) %>%
  ggplot(., aes(X, Outcome, color=Decision, shape=Decision, size=2)) + geom_point(stroke=2, alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_x_discrete(limits=c("Reference.A", "1.A", "2.A", "Reference.B", "1.B", "2.B")) +
  geom_segment(aes(x = 1, y = 52.4, xend = 3, yend = 52.4), color="black", linetype="dashed", size=1) +
  geom_segment(aes(x = 4, y = 42.8, xend = 6, yend = 42.8), color="black", linetype="dashed", size=1)

The Outcome of decision Type 1 of Reference.A should be compared to the methods 1.A and 2.A, and correspondingly for the B-Methods. Type 2 and Type 3 should not be indicated by such a benchmark line.
In the example, I've set the values for y manually, but my data changes often, so it would be perfect to have a flexible solution. Does somebody know a way to do this?

A: filter the data for your geom_segment layer (you only need one):
tibble("X"=rep(c("Reference.A", "1.A", "2.A", "Reference.B", "1.B", "2.B"),3),
       "Decision"=c(rep("Type 1",6),rep("Type 2",6),rep("Type 3",6)),
       "Outcome"=c(rnorm(n=6,mean=50,sd=5),rnorm(n=6,mean=30,sd=5),rnorm(n=6,mean=20,sd=5))) %>%
  ggplot(. , aes(X, Outcome, color=Decision, shape=Decision, size=2)) +
  geom_point(stroke=2, alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_x_discrete(limits=c("Reference.A", "1.A", "2.A", "Reference.B", "1.B", "2.B")) +
  geom_segment(
    aes(x = c(1, 4), y = Outcome, xend = c(3, 6), yend = Outcome),
    data = . %>% filter(Decision == 'Type 1', X %in% c('Reference.A', 'Reference.B')),
    color="black", linetype="dashed", size=1
  )

This uses the . %>% trick to define a functional sequence, since you need to pass a function as the data argument because you pipe in your data.
Alternatively:
d <- tibble("X"=rep(c("Reference.A", "1.A", "2.A", "Reference.B", "1.B", "2.B"),3),
       "Decision"=c(rep("Type 1",6),rep("Type 2",6),rep("Type 3",6)),
       "Outcome"=c(rnorm(n=6,mean=50,sd=5),rnorm(n=6,mean=30,sd=5),rnorm(n=6,mean=20,sd=5)))

ggplot(d , aes(X, Outcome, color=Decision, shape=Decision, size=2)) +
  geom_point(stroke=2, alpha = 0.8) +
  scale_x_discrete(limits=c("Reference.A", "1.A", "2.A", "Reference.B", "1.B", "2.B")) +
  geom_segment(
    aes(x = c(1, 4), y = Outcome, xend = c(3, 6), yend = Outcome),
    data = filter(d, Decision == 'Type 1', X %in% c('Reference.A', 'Reference.B')),
    color="black", linetype="dashed", size=1
  )

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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Apple Discontinues Intel-Powered 21.5-Inch Mac Silently As 2021 MacBook Pro Hits Markets
November 23, 2021 November 17, 2021 ghasctorg
Launch events organized by Apple mark the momentum of the company's manufacturing line and introduce the new tech that the company has to offer. However, no such event is organized for products that are no longer a part of the Cupertino-based company's technological journey. Despite this, a product's retirement comes to light through various sources.
Recently, Apple has ceased the production line of the 21.5-inch iMac model powered by Intel i5 processor, reports MacRumors. The PC that will no longer be a part of the company's production line was a popular choice among institutions due to its low-end configuration. Now, interested buyers are left with two options, the 24-inch model and the 27-inch model.
According to reports, the 21.5-inch model was still up on the company's shelf and was wiped off of Apple's official brick and mortar stores and online platforms sometime this week. After its discontinuation, the iMac production line now has only one computer that is powered by Intel, that is the 27-inch Intel-based iMac, which has the Intel Core i9 processor.
Apple had been dropping hints to drop the product since March 2021. Apple announced the termination of the production 512GB and 1TB variants of the 21.5-inch model, which proves that the company was planning to phase out the halt.
The model under discussion was the low-specification model offered by the company. It had 8GB RAM, a 256GB SSD, and Intel Iris Plus graphics. The company had announced the new M1 chip-powered iMac earlier this year. According to a company's statement given to MacRumors, the discontinued iMacs are available in third-party dealer stores until the supply runs dry.
After the "Unleashed" event, Apple's customer base has a variety of products to choose from, which clearly outperforms the 21.5-inch iMac model. Many customers on social media were relieved to hear the news of Apple discontinuing the product.
Model snaps selfie on beach and accidentally catches woman 'taking photo of her'
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Since opening Valley Park North, Chad Griggs (Managing Partner) has been heavily involved in the daily oversight of all three Valley Park locations. Chad's responsibilities include managing all purchases, staffing scheduling, and representing ownership in the field.
Beginning April 1, 2017, Stephanie Easley was promoted to the position of Quality Assurance Director. Her main focus is training of new/current staff, resident chart review, and conducting field audits regarding residential care standards.
Valley Park Retirement Centers opened a brand new facility in California, Missouri. Valley Park West is an 18-bed facility. We are excited to welcome all new residents how have moved into our facility and who now enjoy carefree living in their own community.
Valley Park North is NOW OPEN!
Valley Park North is officially open for business as of January 15, 2016. We are excited to welcome our new residents to our brand new facility!
On June 25th Valley Park hosted a Hawaiian Luau party for its residents. The residents enjoyed snacks and beverages in the dining room.
Valley Park had the opportunity to sponsor a golf team for the annual Fulton Area Chamber of Commerce Golf Tournament at Tanglewood Golf Course in Fulton, MO. Valley Park sponsored the 10th hole, which sits directly behind the lot where Valley Park North will be built.
From left to right: Brett Griggs, Chad Griggs, Jeff Cremer, And Rick Schlueter.
The residents at Valley Park Holts Summit enjoyed a BBQ on Memorial Day including hot dogs, brats, and burgers. Cold beer, wine, and soda topped off the perfect afternoon.
Valley Park North Under Construction!
Valley Park North recently began construction in Fulton, Missouri behind Tanglewood Golf Course. The grand opening is scheduled to be in Fall 2015.
Valley Park updated it's website to include a more modern layout, as well as introducing Valley Park North!


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High prices, eh? Hard to find a better deal than U.S. Sugar
April 24, 2012 | American Sugar Alliance | Print Article
Americans who put sugar in their coffee pay more for that sweetener than their Canadian counterparts, one lawmaker recently complained at a congressional hearing while advocating for tearing down the no-cost U.S. sugar policy and leaving the country dependent on foreign suppliers.
It made for a nice sound bite, but it turns out to be patently false.
First, it's an absurd statement since just about every coffee shop and restaurant in both countries — including the restaurants at the U.S. Capitol — give sugar away for free.
A commodity cannot be both extremely expensive and free. And while it's not free for the restaurateurs, each "free" packet runs them no more than a penny or two — something the markup on a $2 cup of joe more than makes up for.
But what if you aren't buying a cup of coffee every day and are brewing your own at home? Turns out you're still better off on the American side.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the average cost of sugar at a U.S. grocery store is 71.70 cents per pound. Canadian government data show an average cost in Canadian stores of 75.2 cents per pound, in U.S. dollars.
Of course, there are folks on both sides of the border who prefer artificial sweeteners like Splenda, Sweet'N Low or Equal in their morning pick-me-up.
A recent USDA comparison of natural and man-made sweeteners revealed that sugar is the most affordable, whether you look at price per packet or price per ounce.
At 2 cents per packet, sugar equals the price of saccharin, while Aspartame is twice as expensive. Sucralose weighs in at 5 cents per packet, followed by the most expensive sweetener, Rebaudioside, at 11 cents.
So, for those looking to object to America's sugar policy, you need to look beyond the coffee mug or our neighbors to the north for inspiration. Then again, it is hard to criticize a policy that operates at no cost to taxpayers, supports 142,000 U.S. jobs and has kept supplies stable in America despite shortages around the globe.
For more information see American Sugar Alliance.
American Sugar Alliance
The American Sugar Alliance is a national coalition of sugarcane and sugarbeet farmers, processors, refiners, suppliers, workers and others dedicated to preserving a strong domestic sugar industry. The American Sugar Alliance works to ensure that farmers and workers in the U.S. sugar industry survive in a world of heavily subsidized sugar.
The opinions expressed are those of the writer, and do not necessarily represent those of BIZPAC Review, its management, staff or advertisers.
Latest posts by American Sugar Alliance (see all)
Stakes on the global stage are high. So let's focus on…sugar? - December 7, 2015
A flood of sugar slips through broken promises - June 27, 2014
High prices, eh? Hard to find a better deal than U.S. Sugar - April 24, 2012


Calling all chocolate lovers. Paris will host the 22nd Salon du Chocolat, billed as the "world's largest event dedicated to chocolate and cocoa" for the 2016 edition from 28 October to 1 November 2016.
Six hundred participants are expected to convene at the Porte de Versailles, among them nearly 200 chocolate exhibitors, pastry chefs, confectioners, chefs and cocoa experts ready to reveal their best recipes and prized chocolate, but to also organise conferences and other novel events including a Japanese tasting pairing whisky with chocolate, matcha tea and sake.
This year more visitors will be able to take advantage of live demonstrations, conferences all about the universe of chocolate in the Cacao Show, Pastry Show and the Chocosphere!


Gem Star is a diamond jewelry manufacturer and wholesaler known for its Classic Bridal Jewelry Collections, as well as its Fashion Jewelry and Valued Price Point Products. We have been servicing independent jewelers as well as small jewelry chains with best selling designs that have also evolved into more Contemporary Silhouettes with our use of exotic cut diamonds and color that give our products an enhanced value and ultimately a better price structure.
Gem Star is passionate and innovative about their product designs, which can be seen through their stunning diamond jewelry collections utilizing rounds and exotic shapes in creative ways. These designs are produced with the finest craftsmanship with careful attention to details. Gem Star never compromises on diamond quality and metal needs for their products. Gem Star's jewelry creations are considering the needs of today's woman, her desires, emotions and style. The jewelry can easily be purchased by a special love connection as well as a self-purchase. At Gem Star we understand the importance of the unforgettable special moments in time. We not only make jewelry we also build on emotions. Whether a necklace, bracelet, earring or ring our motto is to bring beauty, style and elegance to each piece by pairing the spirited design with exquisite craftsmanship.
To help our customers, Gem Star has created an easy-to-use, interactive web site that enables the jeweler to browse through our extensive inventory and customized pieces and place orders. We are proud to expand our customers online business by providing best quality images and product feeds.
In addition, Gem Star is well known for its flyer and catalogue programs. Gem Star helps retailers boost sales with marketing support including, POS materials and advertising support. Our marketing professionals provide customers with personal attention, unmatched service and unbeatable prices. All of Gem Star's efforts and resources are directed towards helping the independent jeweler become more successful. We believe our key to success has been attributed to our policy to establish a long-term beneficial relationship with our customers. At Gem Star, we thrive to rise above our customer's expectations. This dedication to customer service and needs builds a bond and trust between us and our customers. We at Gem Star appreciate your business and will do everything possible to make your shopping experience with us a pleasant one.
Gem Star and all respective logos are trademarks of Gem Star.


When theatrical visionary Jerzy Grotowski died last month at 65, he left a long and distinguished legacy. Obituaries lumped him with Stanislavsky and Brecht and likened the Polish director to a Zen master. For a generation of experimental theater artists who came of age in the '60s and '70s, the importance of Grotowski's work and teachings is undeniable. Joseph Chaikin, the Living Theater, Mabou Mines, Andrei Serban, and Richard Schechner are among many who made pilgrimages to Poland or worked with him during his visits to the U.S.
exercise?— or heard André Gregory's rather bizarre account of one of the director's later "paratheatrical encounters" in a Polish forest in the film My Dinner With André.
These sentiments may have had resonance in the '60s, but in our high-tech, image-driven, short-attention-span world they sound, well, a little quaint. In an atmosphere where many younger artists look to the television monitors of the Wooster Group or the tape loops of Richard Foreman for inspiration, it's hard not to think that Grotowski's Poor Theater may belong to an older, gentler time.
"When I survey the scene in the last decade," says Target Margin director David Herskovitz, "a lot of the interesting things don't have a hell of a lot to do with him. And the idea that the encounter between the actor and the audience is the essential element is not exactly a view I share. You could say that what's essential is presenting a text in a faithful way. Or you could also argue that the core of the theatrical experience can be a bunch of different elements— sound, video, actors, whatever— that are put together for an orchestral effect.


Monday to Thursday: 18:00 - 23:00. Friday: 18:00 - 00:00. Saturday: 13:00 - 00:00. Sunday: 13:00 - 23:00.
Kyrgyz Kazakh House at Pasha offers a creative menu of delicious Kazakh and Mediterranean food. The emphasis is on Central Asian cuisine, and there is regular music, entertainment and belly dancing on selected weekend dates.
Housed in the stylish boutique Hotel Pasha, Kyrgyz Kazakh House offers a varied Turkish-style menu, with authentic and flavoursome dishes. The tasty menu reveals kebabs, flatbreads, stir-fried dishes and dumplings, or indulgent, sweet baklava on the dessert list.
Blending contemporary and rustic design, the exotic interior features authentic Turkish-style rugs, exotic plants and well dressed low tables. Kyrgyz Kazakh restaurant has a warm, vibrant ambience, welcoming service and a reasonable wine list. During the warmer months, there is an al fresco beer garden terrace at Hotel Pasha, perfect for parties and small gatherings.
On London's Camberwell Road, Kyrgyz Kazakh is a vibrant and authentic restaurant with colourful design, wonderful entertainment and flavoursome cuisine.
I was lead to believe this would be a very authentic dining experience but it was just weird and tacky with very loud karaoke style entertainment and flashy lights. The food was not that nice and there was only one main course option for vegetarians. We had booked a cushion seating area and then we told we weren't allowed to sit there when we arrived. The restaurant was not in a good area and was quite far from any tube stops. The only interesting/good part of the night was the belly dancing, but this happened so late that we had already finished our food and were ready to go by the time it started.
I have been to this restaurant many times, and I enjoy my dinner every time!! On Fridays there's a Belly Dancer which is just a pleasure to watch, and also people inspired by her! The situated Area isn't the best feature of this Restaurant but it's Local to me. Would definitely recommend to people who want to try something different and authentic!
My girlfriend and I dined on a Tuesday evening and the restaurant was not overly busy which suited us.We were able to be seated in the traditional cushioned area which I enjoyed. With the superb cuisine along with excellent service a pleasurable night was had.
This is a unique place (another one only in Mayfair is the Semerquand - which is also a very good example) to have central asian (Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Azer) specialities. So, hard to compare but worth to try. You will feel the geographical shift from chineese cusine with some western influences..


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Вита́лий Бо́ндарев:
 Бондарев, Виталий Евгеньевич (род. 1960) — украинский актёр.
 Бондарев, Виталий Николаевич (род. 1985) — украинский футболист.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


After Joe released memprof a few days ago, I started thinking about ways to add more functionality.
With the help of lloyd's excellent yajl json library, I've slowly been building a full-featured heap dumper: Memprof.dump.
This new heap dumper will be in the next release of Memprof. If you want to play with it, checkout the heap_dump branch on github.
Over the next few days, I'm going to add a Memprof.dump_all method to dump out the entire ruby heap. This full dump will contain complete knowledge of the ruby object graph (what objects point to other objects), and its json format will allow for easy analysis. I'm envisioning a set of post-processing tools that can find leaks, calculate object memory usage, and generate various visualizations of memory consumption and object hierarchies.
In building and testing Memprof.dump, I've learned a lot about different types of ruby objects. The rest of this post covers interesting details about common ruby objects, with examples of how they're created and what they look like inside the MRI VM.
This ruby object points to its class (Object 0x1854b38) and has some instance variables- here, there's only one variable named @pi that points to another object at 0x1823da0.
The address 0x1823da0 belongs to a float object- this float was created on the heap when MRI executed the code 3 + 0.14159.
The float 0.14159 used in the addition also lives on the heap, but it is created upfront once when the ruby source is parsed.
Unlike floats, new string objects are created every time ruby encounters a string in its execution path.
This newly created string object has no character data associated with it; instead, it is marked elts_shared and points to 0x15136a0. In this case, 0x15136a0 is another string object- one that holds the actual data "abc" and was created earlier when the ruby source was parsed.
The fixnums 1, 2 and 3 in the array are immediates, so they live in the array itself and do not occupy slots on the ruby heap1. The fourth member is the string object "hello" that lives at 0x12aa0c0.
The symbols :a and :c are also immediates, so they live directly inside the hash's data table. The key for "b" is a pointer to that string object at 0xd13378.
Hashes can also be created with a default block.
In this case, the block is converted to a new Proc data object that holds a reference to an internal struct BLOCK2. The new hash's default field points to the address of the Proc.
Data objects are commonly created by C extensions to point to external memory that needs to be marked and freed using ruby's garbage collector.
A simple class definition creates many objects on the heap.
First is the class itself, along with the class's string representation (pointed to by an internal ivar __classpath__). Notice the class object holds a reference to its superclass.
The class definition also creates two more objects- an internal CREF node, and another singleton class with no name that is __attached__ to MyClass.
This singleton is MyClass's metaclass, where singleton methods and instance variables are added.
Classes store both constants and class variables along with the instance variables.
Methods are stored in a separate method table and represented by METHOD node objects which hold the method body.
During method invocation, a new scope object is created on the heap. This scope points to the node object representing the method body, and has a list of all local variables.
The local variables include the perl-style ruby magic variables $_ and $~.
Modules in ruby are similar to classes and have the same associated strings and CREF nodes created with them.
This new iclass points to MyClass's old superclass, and shares its instance variable and method tables with MyModule. Once created, this iclass becomes MyClass's new superclass.
Ruby has various other internal object types, including Regexps, Matches, Bignums, Structs, Files, Varmaps, and almost 130 different types of Nodes. Memprof will eventually be able to dump out all these objects in individual detail.
But is there any lib code or plugin to use it with Rails easily?
Very impressive tool! It would also be super useful if it could spit out the number of bytes an object used. Your thoughts?
I plan on adding a Memprof.dump_all which will produce a full heap dump which can be analyzed to calculate the size of any given object. It's tricky because the size of an Object has to take into account all the instance variables and singleton methods attached to it, etc.
Awesome stuff guys, looking forward to playing with it once it's merged into memprof.


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Ruling Party Leader Blames U.S. for Armenia Unrest
YEREVAN (RFE/RL)–A leading member of the governing Republican Party on Friday accused the United States and other "foreign powers" of having a hand in Armenia's dramatic post-election developmen's.
Galust Sahakian, a Republican deputy chairman, claimed that opposition leader Levon Ter-Petrosian and his associates acted at the behest of external forces hostile to the Armenian state.
"In many foreign powers there are organizations that are used by those powers," said Sahakian. "Those are mainly American forces, not the American state, and some [Masonic] lodges based in France."
"Of course the state is behind them," he told a news conference. Sahakian is not the first politician to blame the West and the U.S. in particular for the deadly post-election unrest in Yerevan that led to the imposition of a 20-day state of emergency and mass arrests of Ter-Petrosian supporters. Hamlet Harutiunian, a parliament deputy from the Republican party, likewise alleged an "international conspiracy against Armenia" in the aftermath of the March 1 street battles between security forces and opposition protesters.
The allegations were echoed by Hrant Markarian, the top leader of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. Opening an ARF congress in Yerevan in May, Markarian said Ter-Petrosian's post-election demonstrations were part of a U.S. plan to foment a "color revolution" in Armenia.
The external conspiracy theory also appears to be part of the ongoing criminal investigation into what the Armenian government has called an opposition attempt to stage a coup d'etat following the disputed presidential election of February 19. The Special Investigative Service, a law-enforcement agency leading the probe, claimed in a recent statement that Ter-Petrosian's bid for regime change was "organized by one center" and "financed from abroad." It did not elaborate.
Shortly after the March 1 the SIS chief Andranik Mirzoyan instructed regional prosecutors to round up local participants of the opposition demonstrations in Yerevan and find out "what was said at the rallies about the assistance from foreign states" and "whether rally participants spoke about ending Russia's presence in Armenia."
Speaking to journalists, Sahakian also complained about U.S. criticism of Armenian elections. "Unlike Europe, the USA and its various organizations claimed the elections were not administered well in Armenia," he said. "We responded to that and they shut up because in our [last] two national elections there was not a single observer from the United States."
The U.S. State Department has described the Armenian presidential ballot as "significantly flawed." The vote's assessment by the European Union has been more positive.


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Alder Pictures
Emma Forrester
Sarah Ollerenshaw
KATHARINE LE HARDY
The Cornish coast is the starting point for my landscapes which are only loosely based on definite locations. Working from sketches and photographs, I endeavour to create a window on an imaginary coastal space. The absence of obvious landmarks and identifiable features enables the images to exist as timeless, dreamlike expanses where sea meets land, inviting the viewer into a restorative space and opportunity for reflection in calm solitude.
Even though the beach usually constitutes the largest area in my paintings, I consider them more as seascapes than landscapes, as the central aspect to all of my images is the action and nature of the sea: both as a symbol for the passage of time and agent of change, and also as an icon for tranquillity and emotional depth, all of which is resonant with the ebb and flow of everyday human life. In a way, my painting process mimics the sea in this respect - I like to use gestural marks and loose brushwork to engage the viewer and charge the composition with movement and dynamism, whilst still maintaining balance, building up the paint and alternating transparent and opaque layers, dripping, washing, splashing, allowing it to take its own fluid course and give the image a life of its own.
BETH WINTGENS
My experience of the landscape is the source of my work. I aim to describe a space, what it is to move through, round, over a landscape, touching and being touched by the elements. My painting is to try and understand this vast thing of which we are a part, where spectator becomes an active participant in my reaction to place.
Through gesture and colour I describe the elements and the physical encounters they create; the tug of the brushstrokes becoming currents and waves, the fall of the paint reflecting the weight and history of the land beneath us. The making of the paintings echoes a sense of nature as process and it is through these captured moments that I hope to stir the senses and conjure the rhythms and beauty of the natural world.
CLAIRE SANDARS
GIUSEPPE D'INNELLA
An Italian artist living in Wimbledon, Giuseppe comes from Spinazzola, an agrarian community in Puglia. Around the town, yellow wheat fields stretch for miles.
Having lived and painted all over the world – absorbing colours and styles from countries as different as Japan, Venezuela and Australia – Giuseppe has finally settled in England. But every year, in the hottest weeks of summer, he returns to Spinazzola, the home of his ancestors.
Based in a disused farmhouse, Giuseppe works alone in the haze and the heat, exploring the jagged natural shapes of harvested wheat fields and pushing colours to their limits. His affection for the landscape of his youth is expressed through vibrant, searing reds and yellows.
He paints, quickly under blistering sun, simple acrylic sketches on paper. Then he returns to his Wimbledon studio to simplify and abstract the images, using oil on canvas. Most of the finished paintings serve as inspiration for later screen-prints, ending in this way the cycle from paper to canvas and back to paper.
Born in 1972, Claire followed her art foundation course in Cheltenham with a degree in Fine Art at Reading University. After moving to London in 1995, she worked briefly in the film industry and later became an art consultant advising clients and commissioning other artists for a wide variety of projects. During this time she continued to paint at every opportunity.
In 2002, Claire moved to South Africa in order to pursue a career as a full time artist and get closer to one of her major sources of inspiration: wildlife.
Claire's interest in film and photography is integral to her work, demonstrated by her use of panoramic shapes capturing snapshots of movement and her raw and vividly cropped compositions. Landscapes are intentionally excluded, while the sun on the dried salt lakes and dunes of Namibia, or the enormous skies of Kenya, are intimated either by pronounced shadows or the scale of the wildlife within the canvas. She combines traditional painting and glazing techniques with an unorthodox use of colour to give the work a dynamic and contemporary feel.
Claire lives and works in London, with a studio in Earlsfield. She is now achieving recognition for her portraits and is frequently commissioned. She has a P.G.C.E. in Art and Design and also teaches classes regularly at Hampstead Fine Arts College.Insert body text here ...
BILL BATE
Bill Bate was born in 1962 and studied at the Central School of Art, gaining a Fine Art Degree. He has been painting for 20 years and during that time has developed a striking and dramatic style based on the human form.
His paintings are concerned with powerful opposites creating potently atmospheric pieces that are emotionally charged. His use of colour and movement, embodies the complexities and excitement, as well as the violence and tenderness of the human experience.
The passionate and curiously spiritual aspect of his work lends great elegance and power, demanding instant response and later, gentle contemplation to fully appreciate the inherent beauty of the work.


IT JUST about summed up Manchester City's strange and troubled season that when they made history last night it was overshadowed by injuries.
The goalless stalemate that saw them into the Champions League quarter-finals for the first time was not the talking point.
The recurrence of Vincent Kompany's calf problem could have serious ramifications for City's hopes of making further progress in Europe as well as for their fast-fading Premier League title hopes.
He has managed to start only 17 of City's 46 games in all competitions – and the fears are that this may be the last of them.
The statistics underline the Belgium international's importance to City – they have conceded a goal every 194 minutes in the Premier League with him in the team whereas they have let one in every 65 minutes when he has been missing.
And to compound Kompay's injury, his centre-half partner Nicolas Otamendi also limped out of the action. Like Kompany he is likely to miss Sunday's Manchester derby.
Kiev stepped up the pressure but City held out. Kompany's injury ensured there was no great fanfare to greet their achievement.
Man City (4-2-3-1): Hart; Zabaleta, Kompany (Mangala 7), Otamendi (Demichelis 24), Clichy; Fernando, Fernandinho; Navas, Toure, Silva (Sterling 79); Aguero. Booked: Otamendi. NEXT UP: Man Utd (h), Sun PL.
Dynamo Kiev (4-1-4-1): Shovkovskiy; Vida, Khacheridi, Dragovic, Antunes; Veloso; Yarmolenko, Garmash (Sydorchuk 64), Buyalskiy, Gusev (Iakovenko 62); Teodorczyk (Gonzalez 45). Booked: Antunes, Garmash.


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Q: Android with Cordova : removing peripherals access from an application By default, a cordova/android application can access to several peripherals as the read phone status, record audio, approximate location network and so and so on.
This access needs authorizations when I deploy on google apps.
My application doesn't need to access these peripherals, it only displays forms and reads/writes data with an API Rest.
My question :
how can I remove these access?

A: I found the solution, you have to remove the plugins by :
cordova plugin remove


I hope these ideas may provide some inspiration to get your creative juices flowing again.
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Many women are excellent cooks, artists, hobbyists, active participants in aerobics or other exercise programs, dieters, green-thumbs, romance lovers and brides at least once in their life. Our experiences and knowledge in these familiar categories can be a constant source of inspiration for potential articles that publications are searching for.


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बिष्णु कुमारी वाईवा (पारिजात)
Parijat was born in 1937 at the hill station of Darjeeling, India, a place known for its tea gardens. Her father Dr. K.S. Lama was a psychologist and her mother Amrita Moktan was his second wife. As her mother died early, Parijat was brought up by her father and grandparents in Darjeeling. Sharing a close relationship with Nepal and at one time, a part of the kingdom, Darjeeling has played an influential role in the development of the country's literature.
Parijat, who was interested early on in Nepalese literature, was to play an important and well-appreciated role in strengthening Nepalese literature. She completed part of her schooling in Darjeeling, she came to the Kathmandu Valley in 1954. She completed school at Padma Kanya School and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree. Suffering early on from physical ailments, at 26 she became paralyzed and was supported for much of her life by her sister.
In 1959, Parijat's poem was first published by Dharti. She published three poetry collections: Akanshya, Parijat Ko Kavita, and Baisalu Bartaman. Her first short story was "Mailey Najanmayeko Choro". She is, however, best known in Nepal as a novelist. Altogether, she wrote ten novels of which Siris ko Ful gained the greatest popularity. In 1965, she was awarded with the Madan Puraskar for the novel. She also received the Sarwashrestha Pandulipi Puraskar, Gandaki Basunahara Puraskar, and Bridabrit.
She was elected a member of the Tribhuwan University and was a part of Ralfa literature movement. She also played an important role in the establishment of Pragati Sil Lekhan Sangh and worked for Akhil Nepal Mahila Manch, Bandi Sahayata Niyog, and Nepal Manav Adhikar Sangathan.
Parijat remained unmarried and continued to suffer physical setbacks. While she was contributing to literature, she also tried to support social causes and initiated attempts like Prisoners' Assistance Mission. She died in 1993 but is a widely popular writer in Nepal.
Posted in Literary Figures	| Tagged नेपाली कवि, नेपाली साहित्य, बिष्णु कुमारी वाईवा (पारिजात)


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I'd like to respond to all this nonsense. First of all, I disregard everything Reyo says in your story. It's complete horseshit. Reyo was there that eventful night in Avery Heights History when Josh Kingdon nearly caught the masterminds of Wachusett High. That was when the police stormed the party and Sara Leander had an impromptu asthma attack. The masterminds were the aforementioned Reyo and John Dudley, whom I witnessed years earlier riding his car down our street when we were maybe like 11 years old. That's badass. The truth is Reyo wouldn't vote for Carbanneau or however you spell his damn French name. He's bleeds Avery Heights blood just like Dudley, Jones, Boracano, and Faith. Jones is still the real ruenion king. At the reunion people need to ask Carbonneau about his blowfish incident at Westfield State. Jones will remember that all too easily. But enough of Carbonneau or Reyo (If he's switched sides) which I don't believe.
You can have him. I know the angriest person in our class, Aka Woonat. He is the only one who's vote counts. So you can take Carbonneau, I'll take Woonat any day, with a side of Dudley. And maybe a splash of Hough to heighten your senses and keep you on your toes. Never know what he'll do.


before Mowgli goes to live among men, some time after "Kaa's Hunting".
Forgoing thought of quest or kill.
The fangs that tore his father's throat.
The rain that breaks our Water Truce.
he Law of the Jungle--which is by far the oldest law in the world--has arranged for almost every kind of accident that may befall the Jungle People, till now its code is as perfect as time and custom can make it. You will remember that Mowgli spent a great part of his life in the Seeonee Wolf-Pack, learning the Law from Baloo, the Brown Bear; and it was Baloo who told him, when the boy grew impatient at the constant orders, that the Law was like the Giant Creeper, because it dropped across every one's back and no one could escape. "When thou hast lived as long as I have, Little Brother, thou wilt see how all the Jungle obeys at least one Law. And that will be no pleasant sight," said Baloo.
This talk went in at one ear and out at the other, for a boy who spends his life eating and sleeping does not worry about anything till it actually stares him in the face. But, one year, Baloo's words came true, and Mowgli saw all the Jungle working under the Law.
"No. The foolish water is going all away, and I do not wish to break my head," said Mowgii, who, in those days, was quite sure that he knew as much as any five of the Jungle People put together.
That spring the mohwa tree, that Baloo was so fond of, never flowered. The greeny, cream-coloured, waxy blossoms were heat-killed before they were born, and only a few bad-smelling petals came down when he stood on his hind legs and shook the tree. Then, inch by inch, the untempered heat crept into the heart of the Jungle, turning it yellow, brown, and at last black. The green growths in the sides of the ravines burned up to broken wires and curled films of dead stuff; the hidden pools sank down and caked over, keeping the last least footmark on their edges as if it had been cast in iron; the juicy-stemmed creepers fell away from the trees they clung to and died at their feet; the bamboos withered, clanking when the hot winds blew, and the moss peeled off the rocks deep in the Jungle, till they were as bare and as hot as the quivering blue boulders in the bed of the stream.
The birds and the monkey-people went north early in the year, for they knew what was coming; and the deer and the wild pig broke far away to the perished fields of the villages, dying sometimes before the eyes of men too weak to kill them. Chil, the Kite, stayed and grew fat, for there was a great deal of carrion, and evening after evening he brought the news to the beasts, too weak to force their way to fresh hunting-grounds, that the sun was killing the Jungle for three days" flight in every direction.
And the heat went on and on, and sucked up all the moisture, till at last the main channel of the Waingunga was the only stream that carried a trickle of water between its dead banks; and when Hathi, the wild elephant, who lives for a hundred years and more, saw a long, lean blue ridge of rock show dry in the very centre of the stream, he knew that he was looking at the Peace Rock, and then and there he lifted up his trunk and proclaimed the Water Truce, as his father before him had proclaimed it fifty years ago. The deer, wild pig, and buffalo took up the cry hoarsely; and Chil, the Kite, flew in great circles far and wide, whistling and shrieking the warning.
By the Law of the Jungle it is death to kill at the drinking-places when once the Water Truce has been declared. The reason of this is that drinking comes before eating. Every one in the Jungle can scramble along somehow when only game is scarce; but water is water, and when there is but one source of supply, all hunting stops while the Jungle People go there for their needs. In good seasons, when water was plentiful, those who came down to drink at the Waingunga--or anywhere else, for that matter--did so at the risk of their lives, and that risk made no small part of the fascination of the night's doings. To move down so cunningly that never a leaf stirred; to wade knee-deep in the roaring shallows that drown all noise from behind; to drink, looking backward over one shoulder, every muscle ready for the first desperate bound of keen terror; to roll on the sandy margin, and return, wet-muzzled and well plumped out, to the admiring herd, was a thing that all tall-antlered young bucks took a delight in, precisely because they knew that at any moment Bagheera or Shere Khan might leap upon them and bear them down. But now all that life-and-death fun was ended, and the Jungle People came up, starved and weary, to the shrunken river--tiger, bear, deer, buffalo, and pig, all together--drank the fouled waters, and hung above them, too exhausted to move off.
The deer and the pig had tramped all day in search of something better than dried bark and withered leaves. The buffaloes had found no wallows to be cool in, and no green crops to steal. The snakes had left the Jungle and come down to the river in the hope of finding a stray frog. They curled round wet stones, and never offered to strike when the nose of a rooting pig dislodged them. The river-turtles had long ago been killed by Bagheera, cleverest of hunters, and the fish had buried themselves deep in the dry mud. Only the Peace Rock lay across the shallows like a long snake, and the little tired ripples hissed as they dried on its hot side.
It was here that Mowgli came nightly for the cool and the companionship. The most hungry of his enemies would hardly have cared for the boy then. His naked hide made him seem more lean and wretched than any of his fellows. His hair was bleached to tow colour by the sun; his ribs stood out like the ribs of a basket, and the lumps on his knees and elbows, where he was used to track on all fours, gave his shrunken limbs the look of knotted grass-stems. But his eye, under his matted forelock, was cool and quiet, for Bagheera was his adviser in this time of trouble, and told him to go quietly, hunt slowly, and never, on any account, to lose his temper.
Mowgli laughed. "Yes, we be great hunters now," said he. "I am very bold--to eat grubs," and the two came down together through the crackling undergrowth to the river-bank and the lace-work of shoals that ran out from it in every direction.
On the level plain of the farther bank the stiff jungle-grass had died standing, and, dying, had mummied. The beaten tracks of the deer and the pig, all heading toward the river, had striped that colourless plain with dusty gullies driven through the ten-foot grass, and, early as it was, each long avenue was full of first-comers hastening to the water. You could hear the does and fawns coughing in the snuff-like dust.
Upstream, at the bend of the sluggish pool round the Peace Rock, and Warden of the Water Truce, stood Hathi, the wild elephant, with his sons, gaunt and grey in the moonlight, rocking to and fro--always rocking. Below him a little were the vanguard of the deer; below these, again, the pig and the wild buffalo; and on the opposite bank, where the tall trees came down to the water's edge, was the place set apart for the Eaters of Flesh--the tiger, the wolves, the panther, the bear, and the others.
"We wish so, very greatly," bleated a young fawn, who had only been born that spring, and did not at all like it. Wretched as the Jungle People were, even Hathi could not help chuckling; while Mowgli, lying on his elbows in the warm water, laughed aloud, and beat up the scum with his feet.
"Well spoken, little bud-horn," Bagheera purred. "When the Truce ends that shall be remembered in thy favour," and he looked keenly through the darkness to make sure of recognising the fawn again.
Gradually the talking spread up and down the drinking-places. One could hear the scuffling, snorting pig asking for more room; the buffaloes grunting among themselves as they lurched out across the sand-bars, and the deer telling pitiful stories of their long foot-sore wanderings in quest of food. Now and again they asked some question of the Eaters of Flesh across the river, but all the news was bad, and the roaring hot wind of the Jungle came and went between the rocks and the rattling branches, and scattered twigs, and dust on the water.
"It will pass, it will pass," said Hathi, squirting water along his back and sides.
"We have one here that cannot endure long," said Baloo; and he looked toward the boy he loved.
"Nay, I meant no harm, Baloo; but only that thou art, as it were, like the coconut in the husk, and I am the same coconut all naked. Now that brown husk of thine--" Mowgli was sitting cross-legged, and explaining things with his forefinger in his usual way, when Bagheera put out a paddy paw and pulled him over backward into the water.
"And what is that?" said Mowgli, off his guard for the minute, though that is one of the oldest catches in the Jungle.
"Break thy head," said Bagheera quietly, pulling him under again.
"It is not good to make a jest of thy teacher," said the bear, when Mowgli had been ducked for the third time.
The Lame Tiger had dipped his chin and jowl in the water, and dark, oily streaks were floating from it down-stream.
"Man!" said Shere Khan coolly, "I killed an hour since." He went on purring and growling to himself.
The line of beasts shook and wavered to and fro, and a whisper went up that grew to a cry. "Man! Man! He has killed Man!" Then all looked towards Hathi, the wild elephant, but he seemed not to hear. Hathi never does anything till the time comes, and that is one of the reasons why he lives so long.
"At such a season as this to kill Man! Was no other game afoot?" said Bagheera scornfully, drawing himself out of the tainted water, and shaking each paw, cat-fashion, as he did so.
Bagheera's back began to curve like a bamboo in a high wind, but Hathi lifted up his trunk and spoke quietly.
"Thy kill was from choice?" he asked; and when Hathi asks a question it is best to answer.
"Even so. It was my right and my Night. Thou knowest, O Hathi." Shere Khan spoke almost courteously.
The last words rang out like silver trumpets, and Hathi's three sons rolled forward half a pace, though there was no need. Shere Khan slunk away, not daring to growl, for he knew--what every one else knows--that when the last comes to the last, Hathi is the Master of the Jungle.
Mowgli waited for a minute to pick up his courage, because no one cared to address Hathi directly, and then he cried: "What is Shere Khan's right, O Hathi?" Both banks echoed his words, for all the People of the Jungle are intensely curious, and they had just seen something that none except Baloo, who looked very thoughtful, seemed to understand.
There was a minute or two of pushing a shouldering among the pigs and the buffalo, and then the leaders of the herds grunted, one after another, "We wait," and Hathi strode forward, till he was nearly knee-deep in the pool by the Peace Rock. Lean and wrinkled and yellow-tusked though he was, he looked what the Jungle knew him to be--their master.
"Ye know, children," he began, "that of all things ye most fear Man"; and there was a mutter of agreement.
"This tale touches thee, Little Brother," said Bagheera to Mowgli.
"It has not lost fat in the telling," Bagheera whispered, and Mowgli laughed behind his hand.
"In those days there was no corn or melons or pepper or sugar-cane, nor were there any little huts such as ye have all seen; and the Jungle People knew nothing of Man, but lived in the Jungle together, making one people. But presently they began to dispute over their food, though there was grazing enough for all. They were lazy. Each wished to eat where he lay, as sometimes we can do now when the spring rains are good. Tha, the First of the Elephants, was busy making new jungles and leading the rivers in their beds. He could not walk in all places; therefore he made the First of the Tigers the master and the judge of the Jungle, to whom the Jungle People should bring their disputes. In those days the First of the Tigers ate fruit and grass with the others. He was as large as I am, and he was very beautiful, in colour all over like the blossom of the yellow creeper. There was never stripe nor bar upon his hide in those good days when this the Jungle was new. All the Jungle People came before him without fear, and his word was the Law of all the Jungle. We were then, remember ye, one people.
"Yet upon a night there was a dispute between two bucks--a grazing-quarrel such as ye now settle with the horns and the fore-feet--and it is said that as the two spoke together before the First of the First of the Tigers lying among the flowers, a buck pushed him with his horns, and the First of the Tigers forgot that he was the master and judge of the Jungle, and, leaping upon that buck, broke his neck.
At this Tha laughed, and said, 'So be it,' and went away very angry.
"Children, ye know the Grey Ape. He was then as he is now. At the first he made a wise face for himself, but in a little while he began to scratch and to leap up and down, and when Tha came back he found the Grey Ape hanging, head down, from a bough, mocking those who stood below; and they mocked him again. And so there was no Law in the Jungle--only foolish talk and senseless words.
"Ugh!" said Mysa, the leader of the buffaloes, from their sand-bank.
"Yes, Mysa, it was the buffaloes. They came back with the news that in a cave in the Jungle sat Fear, and that he had no hair, and went upon his hind legs. Then we of the Jungle followed the herd till we came to that cave, and Fear stood at the mouth of it, and he was, as the buffaloes had said, hairless, and he walked upon his hinder legs. When he saw us he cried out, and his voice filled us with the fear that we have now of that voice when we hear it, and we ran away, tramping upon and tearing each other because we were afraid. That night, so it was told to me, we of the Jungle did not lie down together as used to be our custom, but each tribe drew off by itself--the pig with the pig, the deer with the deer; horn to horn, hoof to hoof--like keeping to like, and so lay shaking in the Jungle.
Mowgli chuckled quietly here, his chin in the water.
"So loud did he howl that Tha heard him and said, 'What is the sorrow?' And the First of the Tigers, lifting up his muzzle to the new-made sky, which is now so old, said: 'Give me back my power, O Tha. I am made ashamed before all the Jungle, and I have run away from a Hairless One, and he has called me a shameful name.' 'And why?' said Tha. 'Because I am smeared with the mud of the marshes,' said the First of the Tigers. 'Swim, then, and roll on the wet grass, and if it be mud it will wash away,' said Tha; and the First of the Tigers swam, and rolled and rolled upon the grass, till the Jungle ran round and round before his eyes, but not one little bar upon all his hide was changed, and Tha, watching him, laughed. Then the First of the Tigers said: 'What have I done that this comes to me?' Tha said, 'Thou hast killed the buck, and thou hast let Death loose in the Jungle, and with Death has come Fear, so that the people of the Jungle are afraid one of the other, as thou art afraid of the Hairless One.' The First of the Tigers said, 'They will never fear me, for I knew them since the beginning.' Tha said, 'Go and see.' And the First of the Tigers ran to and fro, calling aloud to the deer and the pig and the sambhur and the porcupine and all the Jungle Peoples, and they all ran away from him who had been their judge, because they were afraid.
"They throw a thing that cuts now," said Ikki, rustling down the bank; for Ikki was considered uncommonly good eating by the Gonds--they called him Ho-Igoo--and he knew something of the wicked little Gondee axe that whirls across a clearing like a dragonfly.
"Ahi! Aoo!" said the deer, thinking of what it all meant to them.
"For one night only does Man fear the Tiger?" said Mowgli.
"For one night only," said Hathi.
The deer grunted sorrowfully and Bagheera's lips curled in a wicked smile. "Do men know this--tale?" said he.
Hathi dipped his trunk into the water as a sign that he did not wish to talk.
"The trees and the creepers marked him, Little Brother, and made him the striped thing that we see. Never again would he eat their fruit; but from that day he revenged himself upon the deer, and the others, the Eaters of Grass," said Baloo.
Just to give you an idea of the immense variety of the Jungle Law, I have translated into verse (Baloo always recited them in a sort of sing-song) a few of the laws that apply to the wolves. There are, of course, hundreds and hundreds more, but these will do for specimens of the simpler rulings.
But kill not for pleasure of killing, and seven times never kill Man.
One haunch of each kill for her litter, and none may deny her the same.


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Quick Answer: What Is The Focus Of Microeconomics?
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Definition: Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behavior and performance of an economy as a whole.
It focuses on the aggregate changes in the economy such as unemployment, growth rate, gross domestic product and inflation..
Economic growth is normally seen as the most important long-term macroeconomic objective. Without economic growth, so it is argued, people will be unable to achieve rising living standards.
One of the main goals of microeconomics is to evaluate the methods that markets use to settle on the relative prices among goods and services, and allocating scarce resources to many alternative uses.
Microeconomic conceptsmarginal utility and demand.diminishing returns and supply.elasticity of demand.elasticity of supply.market structures (excluding perfect competition and monopoly)role of prices and profits in determining resource allocation.
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Microeconomics uses a set of fundamental principles to make predictions about how individuals behave in certain situations involving economic or financial transactions. These principles include the law of supply and demand, opportunity costs, and utility maximization.
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Macroeconomics focuses on three things: National output, unemployment, and inflation. Governments can use macroeconomic policy including monetary and fiscal policy to stabilize the economy. Central banks use monetary policy to increase or decrease the money supply, and use fiscal policy to adjust government spending.
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Buy-To-Let Tax Assault: The multiple assaults on buy-to-let landlords will undoubtedly in our view lead to an escalating property crisis and the government discourages investment in private rental properties. This will lead to far high rents for tenants and a massive shortage of affordable rental properties – particularly in London and SE England.
Worsening Housing Crisis: The government has just shot itself in the foot big time. Their tax grab from private landlords will back-fire spectacularly, particularly in London where rental property is so desperately needed. They have driven private landlords away from the business and this will exacerbate the housing crisis, not improve it. Let us explain the fundamentals.
London Badly Affected: Most buy to let landlords are in the 40-50% income tax belt because they need significant income to risk mitigate against bad tenants and the risks of being a landlord. These are the people that will be affected by the new tax grab – namely only being about to offset 20% of the tax against mortgage interest payment – rather than the 45%. This means paying tax on losses for most buy to let landlords which renters the business sub-economic and forces them to sell. This will reduce the amount of rental properties on the market, lead to a tightening of the rental market and rents will then skyrocket. There is already a massive shortage or rental properties in London and SE England – these the landlords that will be hit hardest because property price s are the highest requiring the highest mortgage payment that will then not be offset against income tax at 45% (rather 20% from 2020 onwards). If and when interest rates rise, this will make the situation even worse for landlords and there will be many forced sales. In fact this new tax could lead to a property price collapse – it would certainly put very big pressure on the property market if interest rates rose, just when other people are also feeling the pressure of higher mortgage payments.
Shortage of Rental Homes: This week the government announced record levels of immigration – net migration into the UK of 336,000 people a year. On top of this, the population is growing strongly – with 60% of the increase coming from migrate families that tend to have larger families than the indigenous people. The population is in therefore increasing at around 650,000 people a year, but only 130,000 properties are being build. Seasonally adjusted sales of properties dropped to record level levels – the lowest levels since the 1970s this week end November 2015 in a further sign of a dearth of properties available to purchase.
Higher Rents: Landlords will be forced to put up rents to offset some of the huge impact of the tax hikes - this has got to be one of the unintended consequences of this tax. Indeed, it has already started to happen - on 1 Dec 2015, news came out that rents had risen in London by 5% in just four months - after the Landlord tax increases were announced. That's no surprize - we predict at least a further 10% in the next 12 months as the crippling shortage of rental property in London is significantly worsened by the Tory policies and tax increases on Landlords.
A Tory Strategy To Win Votes: We can only conclude that the Tories want to reduce the amount of people renting out a property because they are less likely to vote Tory. They want more home owners. The best way of achieving this – for them - seems to be hit buy-to-let landlords with new taxes to discourage the rental sector. But this will lead to a massive increase in rents and both the tenants and the landlords will all suffer as this attack on the private rntal market goes into full effect. Then the landlords will get the blame – landlords are being attacked from all sides at the moment and if your reputation is at risk whilst you are paying taxes on losses, why bother being in that industry? No other business is taxed like the private rental sector – landlords provide a service, take huge risks and run a business but are not treated like a business owner, they are treated like "armchair investors". The new tax will put huge pressures on the rental sector as buy-to-let owners start to desert the market.
Stamp Duty Hike: A further assault on buy-to-let landlord started a few days ago with the announcement of a 3% increase or premium in stamp duty for purchases of buy-to-let properties (and second homes, holiday homes and holiday lets). Again, this will dissuade new investment in the private rental sector and cause a further shortage or private sector rental properties. This will make the crisis in London turn into a super crisis. Properties will have to be knocked into smaller units and rentals will become more cramped – it is being squeezed in all dirctions. The bottom line is, the Tories don't want to make it easy to rent it seems. Many people prefer to rent ad want spacious high quality homes, but the Tories seem to be putting barriers in place where-ever one turns at this time and its only likely to get worse looking at their track record. They are killing off the rental sector like they killed off the North Sea oil industry with multiple tax hikes in a declining business.
It will also reduce the supply of property for purchase and available for holiday homes/lets – therefore holiday let rental prices are likely to rise because of this – making yields higher. The stamp duty will negatively affect the tourist industries in Cornwall, South Devon and other UK seaside areas and the property prices in National Parks, many of which are second home.
Buy To Let Dying: We believe buy-to-let has become increasingly unattractive as an investment, particularly for new entrants. This will lead to a gigantic shortage of rental properties in the most popular areas that also have the highest property prices like London, SE England and southern England as a whole. This will drive up rentals sharply and make the situation of tenants more challenging. Any additional regulation to prevent such consequences like rent controls will likely make matters even worse, as supply further drops and demand explodes with increasing immigration. The government have badly affected the market – and the unintended consequence of this draconian tax on property owners will manifest itself in problems attracting people into London because they cannot find suitable rental accommodation with prices being far too high.
Outcome: We wish we could be more positive about these new taxes, but regrettably for buy to let owners, holiday let owners and anyone involved in the property rental business – it's been a calamitous six months that we are not likely to recover from. It might be time to sell up and get out of this business since it does not seem economy anymore. The government is killing the goose that lays the golden eggs. For potential new entrants into buy-to-let, regrettably its just too late. For existing buy-to-let investors, you should be seriously considering either selling up, or putting up your rents - because any interest rate rises will be sure to make your investment sub-economic. We're not sure if this is the government intension, in all likelihood it is.


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Hans Petter Graver (born 5 November 1955) is a Norwegian legal scholar. He serves as professor and was the dean at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo between 2008 and 2015. He was replaced by Dag Michalsen.

Career
He is a son of Siren and Petter Graver, and a grandson of Torjus Graver.

He obtained the cand.jur. degree in 1980 and the dr.juris degree in 1986. He served his military service as a lawyer at the Judge Advocate General's office. In 1981, he became research fellow at the Faculty of Law. He was an advocate (barrister) at the Office of the Attorney General of Norway 1990–1992. Since 1993, he has been professor of law at the University of Oslo, first at the Department of Sociology of Law, then at the Centre for European Law, and since 2002 at the Department of Private Law. He is the faculty's dean since 2007.

He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. From October–December 2016 he was a Fellow of the Institute of Advanced Study based at Durham University. He was awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of Helsinki in 2010, the University of Heidelberg in 2017, and the University of Uppsala in 2020.

Books
Judges Against Justice On Judges When the Rule of Law is Under Attack. Springer, 2015 .
Hva er rett. Universitetsforlaget, 2011.  .
Rett, retorikk og juridisk argumentasjon. Keiserens garderobe og andre essays. Universitetsforlaget, 2010.  .
Juridisk overtalelseskunst. Fagbokforlaget, 2008.  .
Alminnelig forvaltningsrett, 3rd ed. Universitetsforlaget, 2007.  .
Rettsretorikk. En metodelære. Fagbokforlaget, 2007.  .
Norsk konkurranserett, vol 2, Prosess og sanksjoner. Universitetsforlaget, 2006 (with Erling Johan Hjelmeng), .
National Judicial Reaction to Supranationality in the EC and the EEA. Universitetsforlaget, 2004 (editor).  .
Alminnelig forvaltningsrett, 2nd ed., Universitetsforlaget, 2002.  .
Materiell forvaltningsrett : med særlig vekt på grunnprinsippene. Universitetsforlaget 1996. .
Forvaltningsprosessen : lærebok i reglene om forvaltningens saksbehandling. Universitetsforlaget 1996. .
Forvaltningsrett i markedsstaten. Fagbokforlaget, 2002.  .
Gjeldsordningsloven med kommentarer. Tano 1993. .
Sosiale rettigheter i gjeldsforhold : håndbok i gjeldsrådgivning. Tano 1992. .
Den juristskapte virkelighet. Tano, 1986. .

References

External links
Hans Petter Graver, University of Oslo

1955 births
Living people
Norwegian legal scholars
Academic staff of the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Fellows of the Institute of Advanced Study (Durham)